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SESSIONAL PAPERS
VOLUIME 6
SECOND SESSION OF THE TENTH PARLIAMENT
OF THE
DOMINION OF CANADA
SESSION 1906
(.^o^
^;>^^
\
VOLUME XL
5 Edw. VII.
Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.
A. 1906
ifcrSee also Numerical List, page 5.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
OF THE
SESSIONAL PAPERS
OF THE
PARLIAMENT OF CANADA
SECOND SESSION, TENTH PARLIAMENT. 1906.
Accidents and Casualties 1.59, 190
Adulteration of Food 14
Agriculture, Annual Report 15
Ahearn ■& Soper l!l]
Alberta and Arthabasca Lands. 158
Alberta Coal Lands 177
American Bank Note Co 170
Anthracite Coal ... 47
Archives, Canadian 18
Astronomer, Report of the Chief 2ob
Auditor General, Annual Report 1
Aylmer Post Office 97
B
Banks, Chartered 6
Banks, Unpaid Balances in 7
Bavarian, Wreck c>f the 202a
Blood Indian Reserve 157
Bonds and Securities 62
British Canadian Loan and Investment Co. 51
British Columbia, Sale of Yoimg Girls in . . . 139
By-Elections, House of Commons 37
Caldwell, C. F I77
Canada Eastern Railwa}' 164
Canadian Northern Railway Co 188, 188a
Canadian Pacific Railway : —
Business with Interior Department 61
Lands sold by 52
Canal Statistics 20a
Census of Canada, 1901. Third Volume. . .Vol. C.
Fourth Volume. . .Vol. D.
Chartered Banks 6
Chicoutimi Pulp Co I49
42
30
78
41
197
115
121«
Civil Service : —
Appointments and Promotions 63 to 036
E.xaniiners 3]
Insurance
List
Post Oflfice Department .
Superannuations
Coal Lands 155
CollingT^'ood Dry Dock Co
Colonization Companies
Contracts for Railway Supplies 70
Cornwall Canal jg2
Cowie's Dam, N.S jys
Criminal Statistics 17
0
Darroch, Alexander 69
Datum Planes, Pacific Coast. 21c
Davidson, Colonel A. D 130, 130a, 135
"Der Nord wester" Publishing Co 192
Dividends Unpaid in Banks 7
Dominion Lands. . .25«, 56, 57, 112, 131, 133,
134, 138, 140, 1,58, 162, 166, 198, 199, 200, 205
Dominion Police 5Q
Dredging in Ontai-io (jg
Dredging of the Saguenay 203
Drugs and Proprietary Medicines 125
E
Electric Light, Inspection of
13
Elgin Mail Contracts
186
176
Emerson Customs Officials
Estimates
0 to 5a
Experimental Farms
16
5 Edw. VII,
Alphabetical Index to Sessio
06
risheries, Annual Kejiort 22
Fish Export"? 116
Flour for Penitentiaries 65
Food for Militia 118, 118a
Fruit Exixtrts 123-123i
•Gas, Inspection of 13
Geo^rav)hic Board 21a
Geological Sui vey Report 26
Georgian Bay Ship Canal 172
German Tariff 207
Germany, Exports to 71
Giant's Tomb Island 129
Glace Bay Harbour 104
Governor General's Warrants 43
Grand Trunk Co., Arbitration with . - 169
Grand Trunk Pacific Railway :—
Mining Rights 156
Report of CoUingwood Schreiber 45a
Surveys, Quebec and Moncton 83a
Grazing Leases . 92
Great Northern Railway 142
H
Harbour Commissioners 23
Hatfield, Charles M 174
Hay, W. H ^ • 68
High Court of Ontario 59
Hog Plague 175
Homestead Entries 84, 91 to 91(Z
Homestead Inspectors 81
Hospital for Trachoma 204
House of Commons Employees 114, 114a
Hudson Bay Co 189, 189a
I
Immigration Commissioner, England 144,144o, 163
Imperial Institute 68
Imperial Intelligence Service 67
Indian Act 64
Indian Affairs, Annual Report 27
Indian Lands 196, 196a
Indians, Particulars as to 152
Inland Revenue, Annual Report . . 12
Insurance, Abstract 9
Insurance Act, etc 108-1086
Insurance, Annual Report 8
Insurance Commission 38, 66- 666
Intercolonial Railway Accidents 190
Interior, Annual Report .^^ 25
International Waterways 196 to 19rf
Italian Labourers 126
J
James Bay Railway 72
Japanese Treaty 117
Judges, Circular to 99
Judges, Money paid to 58
Judges, Particulars as to 99a
Justice, Annual Report 34
K
King's Regulations for Militia 184
Labour, Department of, Annual Report ... 36
Lake Manitoba 153
Lake Ocebe Lighthouse . . ^, . . . 94
Lands in North- West . . .101, 112, ll2a,131,
133, 134, 138, 140, 198, 199, 205
Lethbridge, Strike in 80
Library of Parliament, Annual Report... . 33
Liddle David 55
Life Insurance Commi.ssion 38, 66
Life Insurance, Finance Department 165
Macdonald, R. C 53
Mail Subsidies 10a
Manitoba " Free Press " 192
Marine, Annual Report 21
Measures, Inspection of 13
Mexico Steamboat Service 120
Militia and Defence, Annual Rejwrt G5
Militia Regulations 184, 184a
Miminegash Harbour 173
Mines, Inspection of 26a
Montreal Turnpike Trust 76
Mounted Police 28, 28a
Murray Harbour Branch Railway 102
Mutual Reserve Life Association 105, 168
N
National Transcontinental Railway. 45to Aod, 83, 83a
Naturalization of Aliens 86
Nixon, Joseph Ill
North Sydney, Harbour Commissioners. .. . 167
North-West Territories : —
Land Patents 112, 162, 200
Land Sales 101,112, ir2a, 131, 133,134,
138, 140, 198, 199, 205
Lands Surveyed 166
^Mounted Poiice 28, 28a
Sanction to ]nirchase land 151
O
Ontario Higii Court 59
Ottawa Iirprovement Connnission 54
Ottawa Post Office 103
Over-rulings of Treasury Board 44
.Pacific Cable Board 67a
Peel, Mail Contracts in 107
Penitentiaries, Annual Report 34
Petawawa Cami) 106
Peterborough Lift-Lock 119, 119a
Pilot Commissioners 154, 201
Police, Dominion 50
Police, North-West Mounted 28, 28a
Port Bruce Harbour 150
Port Burwell Harbour 183
Port Colborne Harbour 109
5 Edw. VII.
Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers.
A. 1906
Port Stanley Harbour 171
Postmaster General, Annual Report 24
Prince Ed\\ ard Island : —
Additional Subsidy .'. . 93
Coffin, David D 77c?
Freight Rates 160
French Village 79
Hodgson Property 146
Lands expropriated 143
McCabe, Joseph 77
New Steamer 179
North Lake Post Office 147
Power, James 77a
Smith, Sarah 77c
Stanley Bridge Branch 122
Wages on Railway 181
Weeks, W. A 82
Winter Navigation 178
Printers, British 73, 100
Proprietary Medicines 125
Provincial Railways 187
Provincial Subsidies 96
Public Accounts, Annual Report 2
Public Printing and Stationery 32
Public Works, Annual Report 19
Public Works, Expenditure 46, 46a
Q
Qu'Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan
Co 1126,1120
Quarantine in Kent County 175
Quebec Brdge and Railway Co 74
R
Railway Accidents 159, 190
Railways and Canals, Annual Report 20
Railway Statistics 2%
Railway Supplies 70
Riding Mountain Timber Reserve 148
Rirm, Joseph 197
Ross Rifle Co 124
Royal Military College 35a
Royal North- West Mounted Police 28, 28a
Rural Mail Delivery 88
Saguenay, Dredgrng of the 203
Saskatchewan Valley Land Co 132
Secretary of State, Annual Report 29
Senate Employees 114^
Shareholders in Chartered Banks . 6
Shipping, List of 216
Songhees Indians 145
Sorel Wharf 193
Spain, Commander igQ
Speaker's Apartments, H. of C 206
Speers, C. W., Report of 130, 130a
Steamship Subventions lOa
St. Mary's River i3g
Supreme Court Order 43
Surveyor General, Dominion Lands 25a
Sydney Pilot Commissioners 154, 201
T
Tariflf Inquiry Commission 49
Temperance Colonization Society 121, 121a
Thames River ^27
Thermograph Records 2IO
Thorndale Post Office gg
Tide Levels, Pacific Coast 21c
Ties Purchased 10-
Timber Lands 39^ 90, ^^^ ^gg
Tower, Collapse of ^7, 161-1616
Trachoma, Hospital for 204
Trade and Commerce, Annual Report 10
Trade and Navigation, Annual Report ' 11
Transcontinental Railway. ..45 to 45d, 83, 83«, 194
Transportation, Royal Commission on ' 19a
Treasury Board Over-rulings 44
Treaty, Great Britain and Japan 117
Trent Canal 95^ 95^' j^g^ ^^^^
Trust Funds of Canada . . .
75
\J
Unclaimed Balances in Banks
Unforeseen Expenses ^q
United States, Imports and Exports 137
V
Vessels, List of «, ,
Veterinary Director General, Report of . . . . I5a
Victoria Memorial Museum ]^28
Wagner, Philip -, .,
Walsh, Patrick ,-„,
Waterways, International ... 196 to 19d
Weights, Measures, etc 10
Wharfs, Docks, etc ^g ^g
Wharfs Transferred or
Winnipeg Printers inn
Wreck of the Bavai'ian 202a
Wrecks in the St. Lawrence 202
Y
Yukon :—
Indian Reserves 1 go
Ordinances qq
Rainfall ■■ y .
n
5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
See also Alphabetical Index, page 1.
LIST OF SESSIONAL PAPERS
Arranged in Numerical Order, with their titles at full length ; the Dates when Ordered
and when presented to the Houses of Parliament ; the Name of the Senator or
Member who moved for each Sessional Paper, and ivhether it is ordered to he
Printed or Not Printed.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME C.
Fourth Census of Canada, 1901. Third Volume.— Manufactures. Presented 24th April, 1906, by Hon. S.
A. Fisher , Printed for- both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME D.
Fourth Census of Canada, 1901. Fourth Volume. —Vital Statistics, School Attendance, Status Dwellings
• and Families, Institutions, Churches and Schools, Electoral Districts and Representation. Pre-
sented 24th April, 1906, by Hon. S. A. Fisher Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1.
(This volume is bound in two parts.)
1. Report of the Auditor General, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1905. Partial report presented
12th, 14th and 26th March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2.
2. Public Accounts of Canada, for the fiscal year ended .30th June, 1905. Presented 12th March, 1906, by
Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
3. Estimates of the sums required for the services of Canada for the nine months ending 31st March,
1907. Presented 12th March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
4. Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th June, 1906. Presented 12th March, 1906, by Sir
Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution and sessional papen,
4a. Further Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th June, 1906. Presented 20th April, 1906,
by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
46. Further Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th June, 1906. Presented 20th June, 1906,
by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
5. Further Supplementary Estimates for the year ending 30th June, 1906. Presented 24th April, 1906,
by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
5a. Supi)lementary Estimates for the nine months ending 31st March, 1907. Presented 20th June, 1906,
by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
6. List of Shareholders in the Chartered Banks of Canada, as on the 31st December, 1905. Presented
30th April, 1906, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
5
5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 3.
7. Report of dividends remaining unpaid, unclaimed balances and unpaid drafts and bills of exchange in
Chartered Banks of Canada, for five years and upwards, prior to December 31, 1905. Presented
28th May, 1906, by Hon. ^W. S. Fielding Printed for b ith distribution and sessional papers.
8. Report of the Superintendent of Insurance for the year ended 31st December, 1905.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
9. Abfetract of Statements of Insurance Companies in Canada, for the year ended 31st December, 1905.
Presented 23rd April, 1900, by Hon W. H. Fielding.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 4.
10. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1905. Pre-
sented 12th March, 1906, by Hon. W. Paterson. . .Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
10a. Mail Subsidies and Steamship Subventions. Supplement to the Report of the Department of Trade
and Commerce, for the year ended 30th .June, 1905. Presented 29th Ma.y, 1906, bj' Hon. W.
Paterson Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 5
1 1. Tables of the Trade and Navigation of Canada, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1905. Presented
12th March, 1906, by Hon. W. Paterson Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
12. Inland Revenues of Canada. '"^Excise, etc., for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1905. Presented 15th
March, 1906, by Hon L. P. Brodeur ... Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
13. Inspection of Weights, Measures, Gas and Electric Light, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1905.
Presented 15th March, 1906, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur.
Printed for both distribution and sessional pampers.
14. Report on Adulteration of Food, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1905. Presented 25th April,
1906, by Hon. W. Templeman Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 6.
15. Report of the Min sterof Agriculture, for the year ended 31st October, 1905. Presented 10th April,
1906, by Hon.'S. A. Fisher Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
1 5a. Report of the Veterinary Director General, 1905. . Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
16. Report of the Director and Officers of the Experimental Farms, for the year 1905. Presented 10th
April, 1906, by Hon. S. A. Fisher Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
1 7. Criminal Statistics for the year ended 30th September, 190.5.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 7.
(This volume is bound in three parts. )
18. Report on Canadian Archives, 1905 Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 8.
1 9. Report of the Mmister of Public Works, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1905. Presented 30t
March, 1906, by Hon. H. R. Emmerson Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
19a. Report of the Royal Commission on Transportation. Presented 17th April, 1906, by Hon. C. S.
Hyman ... Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
1 96. Report of the Commission on International Waterways.
P tinted for both distribution aivd sessional papers.
6
5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME S— Concluded.
19c. (1) Report from the International Waterways Commission on Conditions as to Niagara Falls, and
their recommendations in relation thereto. (2) Report of the Commission upon conditions existing
at Sault Ste. Marie, with rules for the control of the same recommended by the Commission. Pre-
sented 4th Ma3', 1906, by Hon. C. S. Hyman. . Printed for- both distribution and sessional iMptrs.
19c?. Second Interim Report of the Canadian Section of the International Waterways Commission. Pre-
sented 4th May, 1906, by Hon. G. S. Hyman Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
20. Annual Report of the Department of Railways and Canals, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1905.
Presented 12th March, 1900, by Hon. H. R. Emmerson.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9.
20a. Canal Statistics for the season of navigation, 1904. Presented 23rd March, 1906, by Sir Frederick
' Borden Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
20b. Railway Statistics of Canada for the year ended 30tli June. 1905. Presented 23th April, 1906, by
Hon. H. R. Emmerson Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
21. Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries (Marine), for the fiscal j'ear ended 30th June,
1905. Presented 9th April, 1906, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur
Printed for both distribution and sasional papers.
21a. Sixth Annual Report of the Geographic Board of Canada, containing all decisions to.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
21b. List of Shipping issued by the Department of Marine and Fisheries, being a list of vessels on the
registry books of Canada, on the .31st December, 1905. Presented 29th May, 1900, by Hon. R.
Lemieux Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 10.
21c. Tide Levels and Datum Planes of the Pacific Coast o^ Canada. Presented 1st May, 1906, by Hon.
W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
22. Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries (Fisheries), for the fiscal j^ear ended 30th June,
1905. Presented 23rd IMarch, 1906, by Hon. S. A. Fisher.
Printed for both distribution and sessiomJ. papers.
23. Report of the Harbour Commissioners, etc., 1905. . . .Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
2i. Report of the Postmaster General, for the year ended 30th June, 1905. Presented 14th March, 1906,
by Hon. A. B. Aylesworth Printed for both distribution and sessional papers
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 11.
25. Annual Report of the Department of the Interior, for the fiscal year ended 30th .June, 1905. Pr. sen-
ted 28th March, 1906, by Hon. W. Paterson Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
25a. Report of the Surveyor General of Dominion Lands for the year ending 30th June, 1905.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
256. Report of the Chief Astronomer, for the year ending 30th June, 1905.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 12.
26. Summary Report of the Geological Survey Department for the calendar year 1905.
Printed or both distribution and sessional papers,
26a. Report on the Inspection of Mines Printed for both distribution and sessional papers
27. Annual Report of the Department of Indian Affairs, for the fiscal year ended 30th June, 1905. Pre-
sented 26th March, 1906, by Hon. F. Oliver Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
7
5 tCdw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 13.
28. ReiMji't of the Royal Nortli-we.st Mounted Police. 1005. Presented 3rd May, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid
Laurier Printed for both distribution and sessioiud papers.
•iSa. Supplementary Report of the R>yal North west Mounted Police. Mackenzie River District.
Presented 5th June, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. . Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
29. Repoit of the Secretary of State of Canada, for the year ended Slst December, 1905. Presented 30th
June, 190i), by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
30. Civil Service List of Canada, 1905. Presented 23rd March, 190G, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
31. Report of the Board of Civil Service Examiners, for the year ended Slst December, 1905. Presented
6th July, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution and, sessional papers.
32. Annual Report of the Department of Public Printing and Stationery, for the year ended the 30th June,
. 1905. Presented 25ih June, 1906, by Hon. W. S. Fielding.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14.
33. Report of the Joint Librarians of Parliament for the year 1905. Presented &th March, 1906, by the
Hon. The Speaker . . . .^ . . ; Printed for sessional ptapers.
34. Report of the Minister of Justice as to Penitentiaries of Canada, for the year ended 30th June, 1905.
Presented 22nd March, 1900, by the Hon. C. Fitzi^atrick.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
35. Report of the M litia Council of Canada, for the year ended 31st December, 1905. Presented 18th
April, 1900, by Sir Frederick Borden Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
3Sa. Report of the Board of Visitors, Royal Military College, 1906. Presented 10th July, 1906, by Sir
Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
36. Report of the Department of Labour, for the year ended 30th June, 1905. Presented 15th March,
1906, by Hon. A. B. Aylesworth Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
37. Return of By-EIections for the House of Commons of Canada, held during the year 1905. Presented
1st May, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
38. Copy of a Report of a Committee of the Privy Council, approved by His Excellency the Governor
General on the 28th February, 1906, on the subject of the appointment of a commission to investigate
with respect to certain matters relating to the business of life insurance in Canada ; and also copy of
the commission appointed to conduct an investigation into life insurance matters in Canada.
Presented 9th March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
39. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th July, 1905, showing all timber lands sold or
leased by the department of the interior since 1st July, 1896 ; the description and area of each lot ;
the applications made therefor ; the notice or advertisement for sale or tender ; the tenders received ;
the amount of each tender ; the tenders accepted ; the name and address of the person or company
to whom each lot was sold or leased. Presented 12th March, 1906.— il/r. Foster JVot printed.
40. Statement showing the expenditure on account of unforeseen expenses from the 1st July, 1905, to the
7th March, 1906, in accordance with the Appropriation Act of 1905 Presented 12th March, 1906,
by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed.
41. Statement of supei-annuations and retiring allowances in the civil service during the year ended Slst
December, 1905, showing name, rank, salary, service, allowance and cause of retirement of each
person superannuated or retired, and also whether vacancies filled by promotion or new appointment,
and salary of any new appointee. Presented 12th March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. .Not printed.
42. Statement in pursuance of section 17 of Civil Service Insurance Act for the year ending 30th June,
1905. Presented 12th March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed.
5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME U—Cmtinued.
43. Statement of the Governor General's Warrants issued since the last session of parliament, on account
of the fiscal year 1905-1906. Presented 1 2th March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed.
44. Return of Treasury Board O verrulings of Auditor General's decisions, session of 1905 to session of 1906.
Presented 12th March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed.
45. Pirst annual report of the Board of the National Transcontinental Railway Commissioners for the
year ending 30th June, 1905. Presented 12th March, 1906, by Hon. H. R. Emmerson.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
45a. Report of Collingvvood Schreiber, Esquire, Government Chief Engineer of the Western Division of
the National Transcontinental Railway, on the progress being made with the surveys and works of
co.struction upon the western division of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (Winnipeg to the Pacific
coast). Presented 13th March, 1906, by Hon. H. R. Emmerson.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
45b. Extract from a Repoit of the Committee of the Privy Council approved by the Governor General on
the 17th April, 1906, respecting the acceptance of the tender of the Dominion Bridge Company for
the construction of a steel viaduct across Cap Rouge Valley, in District " B," in the vicinity of the
city of (Quebec, in connection with the Transcontinental Railway. Presented 17th April, 1906, by
Sir Wilfrid Laurier ^ot printed.
45c. Extract from a Report of the Committee of the Privy Council, approved by the Governor General
on the 14th April, 1906, respecting the acceptance of the teuier of Mr. John D. McArthur, for the
construction of Distiict " F," from a point designated on the plans of the Transcontinental Railway
Commissioners, at or near the city of Winnipeg to a point known as Peninsula Crossing, near the
junction point of the Fort William Branch of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, a distance of
about 245 miles. Presented 17th April, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed.
45d. Extract from a Report of a Committee of the Privy Council, approved by the Governor General on
the 14th April, 1906, respecting the acceptance of the tender of Messieurs Hogan & Macdonell for
the construction of 'District " B,'" from a point designated on the plans of the Transcontinental
Railway Commisaioners at the north end of the Quebec Bridge and Railway Company's bridge, in
the vicinity of the city of Quebec, to a point near La Tuque, a distance of about 150 miles,' of the
National Transcontinental Railway. Presented 17th April, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
Not printed.
46. Statement of wharfs, docks, piers and breakwaters constructed by the Department of Public Works
since 1st July, 1896, .with the total cost of each. Presented 13th March, 1906, by Hon. C. S.
Hyman Printed for sessional papers.
46(t. Statement of wharfs, docks and piers constructed by Government, 1896-1905, showing the expendi-
ture on each such work, for repairs, from date of completion to 30th June, 1905. Presented 13th
March, 1906, by Hon. C. S. Hyman Printed for sessioaal papers .
47. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated i7th July, 1905, showing the quantities of
anthracite coal imported into Canada in 1904, from Great Britain or elsewhere, called Scotch anthra-
cite coal ; the various ports to which the same were brought ; whether any steps were taken to
ascertain whether the coal so imported was really rmthradte, from a commercial or dutiable stand-
point ; and if any evidence was furnished at the time or times of such importation as to the amount
of carbon contained in such coal. Presented 14th March, 1906.— Mr. Macdonald (Pictou).
Not printed .
48. Copy of General Order No. 88, made by the judges of the Supreme Court of Canada. Presented 14th
March, 1906, by the Hon. The Speaker Not printed.
49. Evidence taken before the Commission on the Tariff Inquiry, 1905. Presented 14th March, 1906, by
Hon. W. Paterson. Not printed .
50. Report of the Commissioner, Dominion Police Force, for the year 1905. Presented 16th March, 1906,
by Hon. R. Lemieux Notprinted.
9
5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers, A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1^^— Continued.
51. Statement of the affairs of the'British Canadian Loan and Investment Company, Limited, for the year
ended 31st December, 1il05. Also, a list of the shareholders on 31st December, 1!(05, in accordance
with section 33, chapter 57, of 10 Victoria. Presented (Senate) 12th March, 1900, by the Hon. The
Speaker Not printed.
52. Keturn of all lands sold by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, from the 1st October, 1904, to
the 1st October, 1905. Presented 19ti) March, 1900, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed.
53. Order in Council of the 6th January, 1906, and Reports of His Honour Judge Myers, on inquiry into
charges made against R. C. Macdonald, by half-breeds of the United States in connection with
certain scrip claimed by them. Presented 19th March, 1906, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed.
54. Report of the wo k of the Ottawa Improvement Commission, from the date of the appoint^nent of the
Commi>sion, the 21»t December, 1899, to the 30th June, 1905. Presented 21st March, 190(), by
Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for sessional papers.
55. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14t!i March, 1900, for cojjies of all telegrams,
reports, recommendations and correspondence in connection with the appointment of David Liddle
as assistant inspector ^f weights and measures for the inland division of Windsor, in the province of
Ontai io. Presented 22nd IVIarch, 1906 . — Mr. Iwjram Not printed.
56. Return of oi-ders in council which have been published in the British CoUunhia Gazette, between the
date of last return and 31st December, 1905, in accordance with the provisions of subsection [d) of
section 38 of the regulations for the survey, administration, disposal and management of Dominion
lands within the 40-mile railway belt in the province of British Columbia. Presented 22nd March,
1900, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed.
57. Return of orders in council which have been published in the Canada Gazette between the date of last
return and 31st December, 1905, in accordance with the provisions of clause 91 of the Dominion
Lands Act, chapter 54 of the Revised Statutes of Canada. Presented 22n'd March, 1906, by Hon,
F. Oliver Not printed .
58. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing the several sums of
money paid to judge.?, under the provisions of section 13 of an Act respecting the judges of Pro-
vincial Courts, chapter 138, of the Revised Statutes, as amended by sections 7, 8 and 9, of chapter
.52, of the Statutes of 1898, from 30th June, 1903, to 20th J uly, 1905, and under this section and
amendment, as enacted by section 0 of chapter 31 of the Statutes of 190.5, from the said 20th July to
this date ; with the items in respect of which the said sevei-al payments were made, set out and
showing the payments in respect of the period before and since 20th" July, 1905. Presented 23rd
March, 1900. — Mr. Lennox Not pr-inted.
59. Rules that have been passed by the judges of the High Court of Justice for Ontario under the provi-
sions of tlie Dominion Controverted Elections Act. Presented 23rd March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid
Laurier Printed for sessional papers.
60. Ordinances of the Yukon Territory, passed by the Yukon Council in the year 1905. Presented 23rd
March, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Not printed.
61. Return (in so far as the Department of the Interior is concerned) of copies of all orders in council,
plans, papers and correspondence which are required to bo presented to the H^iuse of Commons,
under a resolution passed on 20th February, 1882, since the date of the last return, under such resola-
■ tion. Presented 23rd March, 1900, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed.
62. Detailed statement of all bonds and securities registered in the Department of the Secretary of State
of Canada, since last Return, 23rd January. 1905, submitted to the Parliament of Canada under
section 23, chapter 19, of the Revised Statutes of Canada. Presented 23rd March, 1900, by Sir
Wilfrid Laurier Not printed.
63. Return of the names and salaries of all persons appointed to or promoted in the several departments
of the Civil Service, during the calendar year 1905. Presented 23rd March, 1906, by Sir W^ilfrid
Laurier Not printed.
10
5 Edw. Vir. List of Sessional Papers. A. 190C
CONTENTS OF VOLUME U—Cmitinued.
63a. Supplementiiry return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13th March, 1905, showing : (1)
the number of permanent appointments, male ond female respectively, made to the civH service
(inside division) in Ottawa, since 1st July, 1906 ; (2) the present strength of the civil service in
Ottawa (inside division) permanent staff, speciiying whether male or female ; (3) the number of
temporary employees, male or female, on the paj'-Iist for the inside division of the civil service at
Ottawa for January, 1905; (4) the number of temporary employees, male or female, appointed
since 1st July, 1896; (5) in addition to the permanent and temporary clerks at present employed
in the public service in Ottawa, the number of artisans, labourers, or other workmen employed at
Ottawa during the month of January, and showing to which department these men are attached.
Presented 5th April, 1906.— J/r. Sproulc Not printed.
636. Further supplementary return to No. 63a. Presented 6th April, 1906 Not printed.
64. Return showing remissions of interest made under section 141, as added to the Indian Act by section 8,
chapter 35, 58-59 Victoria, for the year ended 30th June, 1905. Presented 26th March, 1906, by
Hon. F. Oliver Not printed.
65. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1906, for list of names of persons
who were asked to tender, otherwise than by newspaper advertising, for flour supplied at Kingston,
Dorchester and St. Vincent de Paul Penitentiaries, and copies of tenders received in reply to such
request for prices. Presented 28th March, 1906. — J/r. Taylor Not printed.
66. Proceedings of Royal Commission on Insurance, and evidence taken to the 23rd March, instant.
Presented 28th March, 1906, by Hon. C. Fitzpatrick Printed for distribution.
66cf. Further proce°dings of Royal Commission on Insurance and evidence taken to the 25th April,
instant, inclusive. Presented 27th April, 1906, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. . . Printed for didribution.
666. Further proceedings of Royal Commission on Insurance and evidence taken on the 4th June, instant
inclusive. Presented 6th June, 1906, by Hon W.S.Fielding Printed for distribution.
67. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 21st March, 1906, for copies of all letters and
documents relating to the establishment of an Imperial Intelligence Service. Presented 28th March,
1906. —Mr. Belcourt Printed for both distribution mid sessional papers.
67a. 6«turn to an address of the Senate, dated 8th May, 1903, of any recent correspondence with the
Imperial Office, re Pacific Cable Board, and individuals, on th^ establishment of an improved intel-
ligence service and a sj'stem of empire cables. Presented 29th May, 1906. — Hon. Mr. Ellis.
Printed for both distribution ami sessional papers.
68. Report of Mr. W. H. Hay on the Imperial Institute. Presented 30th March, 1906, by Hon. S. A.
Fisher Printed for sessional papers .
69. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, for copies of all telegrams,
letters, petitions, reports, documents, recommendations, investigations, correspondence and all other
communications concerning tlie appointment and removal of !Mr. Alexander Danoch from the posi.
tion of collector of customs at St. Thomas, Ontario. Presented 30th March, 1906.— J/r Ingram.
Not printed.
70. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing : 1. All contracts
since 30th June, 1902, between the Governrr,ent and (a) the Eastern Railway Supply Company ; (6)
the New Brunswick Petroleum Company ; (c) the Sherman Williams Paint Company ; (d) the
Maritime Wire Fencing Company,— for supplies to any of the railways of the Government. 2. The
tenders upon which such contracts were based, and all tenders made by other parties for such con-
tracts. 3. All correspondence and communications of the railwaj' department and otticers thereof,
with the several tenderers and contractors, relating to such tenders or contracts or supplies. Also all
correspondence and communications between the department and its officers and between such
officers, relating to such tenders, contracts or supplies. 4. All advertisements, notices, statements^
accounts, papers and vouchers, relating to such contracts, or the supplies, or the payment thereof.
Presented 2nd April, 1906.— J/r. Barker Not printed.
71. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1906, showing our exports to Ger-
many for each year from 1896 to 1905, inclusive, on the following articles : wheat, flour, oats, bacon,
hams, butter, cheese and apples. Presented 4th April, 1906.— J/r. Armstrong !fot printed.
11
:j Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME ^^— Continued.
72. Return to an order of the House of ConiuKjns, dated ITili July, liHlo, for copies of all correspondence,
documents, orders, and all papers whatsoever, relating to the proposed deviation of the line of the
James Bay Railway to the west of Lake Simcoe ; also for copies of the original route, map and
location of line, as filed in the railway department; and correspondence and papers concerning the
same. Presented 4th April, litOG.— Mr. Grant Not printed .
73. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April, 1900, for copies of the correspond-
ence passed between the Imperial governusent ujxjn the subject of the petition sent of a party of
British i)rinters, complaining that they were brought to this country under misrepresentation as to
exising labour conditions in Canada, and for all paper-; on the subject. Presented .5th April, 1906. —
Mr. Vervillc Not pHnted.
74. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 21st March, 1900, for a copy of the last financial
statement and balance sheet of the Quebec Bridge and Railway Company. 2. A list of the directors
of the company and of its chief officers, and of its shareholders and the amount of shares held by
each. 3. A statement of the bonds of the company which have been guaranteed by the government,
and which have been negotiated or are pledged. 4. A statement of all moneys paid by the govern-
ment on account of capital or interest on the said bonds. Presented oth April, 1906. — Mn Monk.
Not printed.
75. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th July, 1905, for copies of all correspondence,
documents, resolutions, and other papers relating to any efforts or proposals to authorize the invest-
ment of trust funds in the United Kingdom in the securities of anj- province of Canada, and the
fulfilment of any necessary conditions to that end. Presented 5th April, 1906. — Mr. Borden
(Carleton) Not printed .
76. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 21st March, 1906 : 1. Showing the present in-
debtedness to the Dominion government of the Montreal Turnpike Trust, (a) on capital account (b)
for arrears of interest. 2. The amounts collected at each toll gate belonging to the said Turnpike
Trust, during the year ending 31st December, 1905. 3. The amount expended on each section or
road division under the control of said Trust, during the said year, ending 31st December, 1905, and
the contracts given out during the year, with the name of the contractor, the date and amount in-
volved in each case, the cost of stone supplied, and in each case an indication as to whether tenders
• for such contracts were called for in the public press. 4. The amount paid out during the said year
at each toll gate for salaries to i.lay and night keeper, and all other expenditure at each of the toll
gates maintained. 5. The actual indebtedness in detail of the said Trust outside of its bonds due to
the government of Canada. 6. A detailed statement of sums paid out during the year outside of
salaries, road maintenance and rent. Presented 5th April, 1906.— il/r. Monk Not Printed.
77. Return to an Order of the House of Commons, dated 19th Mai'ch, 1906, forcopiesof all conespondence
recommendations, telegrams, petitions, in possession of the Government, or any department or offi-
cial thereof, with reference to the dismissal of Mr. Joseph McCabe, as postmaster at lona, in Prince
Edward Island, and the appointment of his successor. "Presented 5th April, 1906. — Mr. Martin
(Queen's) Not printed.
7 7((. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th Julj', 1905, for copies of all correspondence,
documents, orders, and all papers whatsoever, relating to the dismissal of James Power, late post-
master at Wheatley River, Prince Edward Island, and for the appointment of a successor ; also all
correspondence and petitions relating to the re-appjintm .nit of the said James Power. Presented
9th April, 1906.— Mr. i(/cLf an (Quce/i's) Not printed.
7 Tb Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 5th April, 1906, for a copy of all petitions, let-
ters, correspondence, reports, memoranda, and any other documemts respecting the dismissal of
Mr. Patrick Walsh from the postmastership of East Roman Valley, in the county of Guysborough,
Nova Scotia. Presented 1st May, 1906. — Mr Lancaster Not Printed.
77c. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 1906, for a copy of all correspondence
and orders in possession of the government, or any member or official thereof, respecting the dis-
missal of Mrs. Sarah Smith from the office of postmistress at Mount Buchanan, Prince Edward
Island, and the appointment of Mr. Bishop in her stead. Presented 7th May, 1906. — Mr. McLean
[Queen's) Not printed.
12
5 Edw. V^ir. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued.
77d. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th May, 1906, for a copy of all correspondence^
telegriams and petitions, in possession of the government, or any member or official thereof, in refer-
ence to the dismissal of David D. Cottin as postmaster at Head of Hillsboro' in Prince Edward
Island, and the appointment of his successor. Presented 4th June, 1906. — Mr. Martin (Queen's)
Not printed.
78. Return to an order of the House of Commons dated 28th March, 1906, for a copy of the report of the
deputy postmaster general, that an additional first-class clerkship is necessary for the proper per-
formance of the public business in the department, for which clerkship parliament is asked to vote
money ; also for a copy of the report of tlie deputy postmaster general, that an additional second-
class clerkship is necessary for the proper performance of the public business in the department, for
which clerkship parliament is asked to vote money. Presented 5th April, 1900. — Mr. Barker.
Not printed.
79. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th March, 1906, for copies of all petitions, let-
ters and correspondence relating to the change of the location of the post office at French Village,
Prince Edward Island. Presented 5th April, 1906. — Mr. McLean [Queea'' s) Not printed.
80. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April, 1906, foe copies of all correspond-
ence with the government by any parties in Lethbridge, concerning any matters in connection with
the Lethbridge coal miners' strike, and the calling out of the mounted police in connection with the
same. Presented 6th April, 1906. — Mr. Smith (Nanaimo) Not printed.
81. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing the names of all the
homestead inspectors at present attached to the thirteen agencies throughout Manitoba and the
Northwest, and a record showing the number of days that each insf)e(tor was absent from his regu-
lar duties, between the 1st of July and the .31st December, 1905, the cause of said absence, and a
statement of expenses for each month during that period. Presented 5th April, 1906. — Mr. Mc-
Carthy (Calgary) Not printed.
82. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April,1900, for a copy of the order in coun-
cil appointing Mr. VV. A. Weeks to investigate certain matters in dispute respecting lands taken by
the Prince Edward Island Railway, and certain other matters in dispiite connected with that rail-
way ; also a copy of the evidence and report of the said W. A. Weeks in the matter. Presented 6th
April, 1906. — Mr. Martin (Queen's) Not printed.
83. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, for copies of all correspond-
ence had between the government or any department or member thereof, and the Transcontinental
Construction Commission, in reference to the surveys of location of the route of the Transcontinental
Railway, in the province of New Brunswick. Presented 6th April, 1906.— ilfr. Crocket. .Not printed.
83a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 18th April, 1906, for copies of all correspond-
ence h.ad between the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Company and the government or any depart-
ment thereof, and between the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Company and the Transcontinental
Railway Commission, in reference to the survey and location of the proposed Transcontinamtal Rail-
way between Quebec and Moncton. Presented 1st June, 1906. —Mr Crocket Not printed.
84. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, for copies of all forms of appli-
cation for homestead entries used since the year 1890. Presented 6th April, 1900. — Mr. Ingram.
Not printed.
85. Statement showing the wharfs transferred to the department of marine and fisheries since 1896.
Presented 6th April, 1906, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur Not printed.
86. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th March, 1906, (a) setting forth the various
laws in the United Kingdom, and in the various dependencies and colonies of the Empire, with
respect to the naturalization of aliens ; [b) defining the effect of naturalization consummated in Great
Britain, or in the various colonies or dependencies, respectively, when a person so naturalized be-
comes domiciled thereafter, in any other portion of the Empire ; (c) setting forth anj' efforts hereto-
fore made by the government of the United Kingdom, or of any colony or dependency, or by any
body or association, for the purpose of securing uniformity in the naturalization laws throughout
the Empire. Presented 6th April, 1906. — Mr. Borden [Carlecon).
" Beport of Departmental Committee " printed for Sessional Paj ers
13
5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued.
87. Copy of a letter arJdres.sed to S. G. Curry, Esquire, architect, informing him that, under an order in
council, a commission will be to-day issued to him jointly with Mr. A. C. Hutchison, architect, of
Montreal, to hold an investigation and to report upon an accident which occurred on the morning of
the oth instant, by the collapse of part of the tower in the west block extension of the departmental
buildings in this city. Plans and specifications of the said extension accompany the said letter.
Presented Oth April, 190G, by Hon. C. S. Hyman Not printed
88. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th March, 1905, for copies of all reports, re-
turns, estimates, correspondence, writings, records, documents, memoranda, or written or printed
information of any kind in the jwssession or control of the post office department, in reference to the
question of establishing rural mail delivery in Canada, or the manner of establishing or conducting
such service, and the probable cost ; including any information in the jwssession of the department
as to the working of the United States system, or such a service or system elsewhere and the annual
expense and other particulars. Presented flth April, 1906. — Mr. Lennox.
Printed for Sessional Papers.
89. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April, 1900, for a copy of all correspondenc*,
letters, telegrams, memorials or other documents, between the post office department, or any official
thereof, and any person or i^ersons, respecting the removal of the post office in the town of Thorn-
dale, Ontario, from the place of business of Mr. S. Duffins, to the place of business of Mr. J. Fal-
coner. Presented 9th April, 1906.— ilfr. Elson Not printed.
90. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th March, 1906, showing all timber lands sold or
leased by the department of the interior subsequent to the date of those included in Sessional Paper
No. 39, brought down to the house on the 12th March, 1906 ; the description and area of such lots,
the applications made therefor, the notice of advertisement for sale or tender, the tenders received,
the amount of each tender, the tenders accepted, the name and address of the person or company to
whom each lot was sold or leased. Presented 9th April, 1906.— i¥^r. Foster Not printed.
91. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing : 1. The number of
homesteaders to make entry in and for the territory now included in the provinces of Manitoba,
Saskatchewan and Alberta, during each year between 1896 and 31st December, 1905. 2. The
nationality of said homesteaders, dividing same into the following categories : (a) British North
America ; (6) Great Britain and Ireland : (c) the United States ; [d] France, Belgium and Switzer-
land ; (e) Germany, Holland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland ; (/) all other countries of
continental Europe ; [g] all other nationalities ; {h) persons who previously made entry. Presented
9th April, 1906.— ilfr. Wilson (Lennox and Addington) Not printed.
91a.' Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing : 1. The nun.ber of
authorizations granted, under the authority of subsection 3 of article 34 of the Dominion Lands Act,
for one person to make homestead entry on behalf of another person, during each of the j^ears of
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904 and 1905. 2. Of the homestead entries made in consequence of said authori-
zations, during each of the years 1901 and 1902 ; how many have resulted in a demand for a patent ;
how many have been cancelled ; how many stood upon the books of the department of the interior
on 1st January, 1906, as neither patented nor cancelled. 3. How many of the homesteads entered
for during 1901 and 1902 on behalf of absent parties by means of powers of attorney, have been
patented in the name of the peison for whom the original entry was made. Presented 11th April,
1906. Mr. Lake Not printed.
916. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th iSIarch, 19C6, showing, in respect of every
case w^here, during the year ending 30th June, 1905, and during the six months ending 31st Decem-
ber, 1905, an extension of time within which to complete his entry, has been accorded any home-
steader within the territory now included in the provinces of ^Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta ;
giving ; (a) the name of the applicant for said extension ; {b) his post office address at the time
of original entrj' ; (c) the date and agency of original homestead entry ; (d) the location of the
land in question, indicating township, range and section ; (c) the earliest date at which applicant
might have become entitled to secure a patent, had all conditions been promptly fulfilled ; (f) post
office addiess of applicant at time of demand for extension ; {g) the date of demand for extension ;
(fe) the length of extension granted ; (i) the cause of granting extension ; (j) the name or names
of any and all parties who may have communicated with the department for the purpose of recom-
mending the granting of said extension ; (k) the name of the homestead inspector who reported on
14
5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued.
the case, and whether he advised in favour of granting an extension or the contrary ; [Ij the name
and address of any and every person who shall have ajjplied to record a cancellation against said
section or part thereof. All the aljove information to be arranged according to agencies. Presented
11th April, Um.—Mr. Amr.» Not printed.
91c. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing : (a) the number
of land sales, withdrawing even sections from homestead entry, made by the department of the in-
terior during the year 1904 5, and during the six months ending Slst December, 1905, together with
the total acreage represented thereby ; {h) the same regarding land sales affecting only odd* sec-
tions ; (c) the same regarding land sales affecting solid blocks of both even and odd sections. Pre-
sented 23rd April, 1906.— J/r. McCarthy (Galgary) Not printed^
Did. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing : 1. The number
of homestead entries recorded each fiscal year from 1S70 to 1905, and also during the six months end-
ing 31st December, 1905, for the territory comprised in the present provinces of Manitoba, Saskatche-
wan and Alberta. 2. The number and percentage of such entries for each year for which patents
have prior to the 31st December, 1905, been granted, or recommendations made for the issue of
patents. 3. The number and percentage of such entries for each year that have, prior to the 31st
December, 190.5, been cancelled. 4. The number and percentage of such entries for each year which,
neither patented or cancelled, remained in an incompleted state on the first of January, 1906. Pre-
sented 8th June, 1906. — Mr. Lake Not printed.
92. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing the name and post
office address of each person or company having a closed grazing lease, granted for a period of more
than three years, by the department of the interior, of lands in Alberta or Saskatchewan, giving in
each instance, (a) the location boundaries and area of each tract of land so leased ; [b) the date of
issue and of expiry of said lease ; (c) the annual rental specified therein ; (rt) and the amount of
overdue rental wherever such be the case. Presented 9th April, 1906. — Mr Ames Not printed.
03. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1906, for copies of all correspon-
dence, telegrams, memoranda, reports and orders in council, in possession of the government, or any
member or official thereof, in connection with the grant of an additional subsidy to the province of
Prince Edward Island in 1901, of 830,000 a year, and the basis on which the said subsidy was agreed
to be paid to the province. Pre-ented 10th April, 1906. — Mr. Martin (Queen's/ Not printed.
94. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April, 1906, for copies of all correspondence
and contracts, if any, list of payments to men employed by the department of marine and fisheries
in construction of Lake Ocebe lighthouse, on the Maganetawan River, district of Parry Sound. Pre-
sented 10th April, 1906.— ATr. Bennett Not printed.^
95. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 17th April, 1906, for copies of orders in
council and correspondence having reference to the assumption by the department of railways and
canals of the several dams owned by the Ontario government on the head and subsidiary waters of
the Trent canal. Presented 17th April, 1906.— Son. ff. R. •Emmerson Not printed.
95a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1906, showing the progress made
and sums expended from time to time upon the construction of the Trent canal, giving the dates of
the various contracts let, the completion of said contracts, the names of contractors on said contracts,
the amount paid in extras, and the causes of these extras. Presented 2Cth April, 1906.— Mr. Hughes
(Victoria) Not printed.
96. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, for copies of all correspon-
dence between the provincial governments on the subject of the readjustment of provincial subsidies.
Presented 17th April, 1906. — Mr. Parmdee Printiedfor both distribution and sessional papers.
97. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, for copies of all petitions, re-
ports, letters, notices, telegrams, correspondence, recommendations, bonds, leases, papers and docu-
ments in relation to a site and new post office building in the county of Elgin, at Aylmer. Presen-
ted 17th April, 1906.— 3/r. Ingram -. Not printed.
98. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1906, showing all amounts paid for
dredging in the province of Ontario, from the 1st July, 1905, up to the present time ; the place
where such work was performed ; the names of parties doing such work, and the amount paid there-
for ; also of any unpaid amounts due or alleged to be due for dredging, showing the amount, the
parties claiming, and where the work was done. Presented 17th April, 1906.— J/r. Bennett.
Not printed,
15
5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME l^^— Continued.
99. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17tli April, 1006, for copy of a circular letter,
dated the 19th March, 1006, addressed to the judges of the various courts throughout the Dominion
by the deputy minister of justice, embodying the question propounded in the house of commons on
on the 14th March, 1900, regarding the manner in which the provisions of section 7 of 4 and 5 Ed-
ward VII, cap. 31, ,are being observed, and the answer given thereto on behalf of the government
by the minisur of justice. Presented 17th April, 1906. — Hon. C. Fitzpatrick Not printed.
99a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1906, showing, (a) the number of judges
whose salaries are paid out of the consolidated revenue of Canada ; [b] the name and residence of
each judge; [c) the amount of salary and exi>enses paid to each judge; (rf) the area of the judicial
district inwliich such judge exercises jurisdiction, and in the case of local, district, and county judges,
the population of the district ; (c) the number of eases tried by each judge in each year since the let
January, 1901; (/) the number of motions, petitions, &c., dis]X)sed of by eacli judge during each
year, at chambers or in a i^ummary manner; (g) the number of days during which each judge was
actually engaged in the performance of judicial dutiss ; (h) the number of days during which each
judge was engaged in anj^ occupation, business or matter other than the performance of his judicial
duties. Presented 17th April, 1906. — Mr. Leinox Not printed,
100. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1906, for a copy of the report made
by the deputy minister of labour, on the result of his investigation into the complaints of the Win-
nipeg printers, and anj' i^apeis, showing what action, if any, has been taken by the government on
his report. Presented 17th April, 1900. — Mr. Vervi')e Not printed.
101. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 2.Sth March, 1906, showing what land sales
have been made in blocks or area of more than one-half section, during the years 1903, 1904 and 1905, in
Manitoba, the Territories, including the new provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, and Bntish
Columbia ; to whom the same were sold in each instance ; the price per acre, and the date of sale in
each instance. Presented 17th April, 1906. — Mr. Sproule Not printed
102. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13th March, 1905 : 1. For copies of all adver
tisements, tenders, contracts, plans, specifications and papers, relating to the construction of the
several sections of the Murray Harbour Branch Railway. 2. Of the several articles of rolling stock
referred to at page 2186 of Hansard of 28th April, 1904, supplied on capital account to the aforesaid
railway in each of the years there mentioned ; with the prices at which each article was charged to
capital. 3. The names of the companies, persons or railw ays from whicli each such article was
acquired, and the price therefor ; stating if the article was new or second-hand. 4. The use to
which each such article was ajiplied when acquired, what compensation was received for such use,
from whom, and how the proceeds were applied. 5. Where each such article of rolling stock is now,
in whose use, and on what terms. Presented 17th April, 1906. — Mr. Barker Not printed.
103. Report of an inquiry into certain matters connected wiih the construction of the Ottawa post office.
Presented 18th April, 1900, by Hon. C. S, Hyman Not printed.
10-4. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 21st March, 1906, for copies of the contract, to-
gether with i)lans and specifications, between the government and the Dominion Coal Company,
for the improvement of Glace Bay Harbour for public purposes : also copies of all corresjxindence,
telegrams, memoranda, and representations made by delegates, members of parliament, or any
other persons, having reference thereto ; also copies of all accounts furnished to the government for
expenditures on Glace Bay Harbour, by the Dominion Coal Company. Presented 19th April, 1906.
Mr Martin (Queen's) , Not printed.
If'S. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 15th March, 1906, of the number and amount of policies
transferred from assessment section to legal reserve sectioa under Act of 1904, by the Mutual Reserve
Life Insurance Company of New York ; also the number and amount of policies written by the
company during the year 1905 and the cash paj-ments made thereon. Presented 19th April, 1906. —
Hon. Mr. McMuUen Not printed.
106. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 19th March, 1906, for copies of all orders in
council, surveys, reports, options, agreements for the purchase or lease, letters, telegrams, corre-
spondence and other documents of every nature and description, relating to the acquisition of land
for the purixjse of military training at Petawawa, in the province of Ontario, together with the
names, occupations, and addresses of all persons, firms and corporations from whom any such lands
16
5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued.
were purchased, leased or otherwise acquired ; the dates when such property was purchased, leased
or otherwise acquired. Also a return showing the extent of the lands purchased, leased or other-
wise acquired from each person, firm or corporation, the consideration therefor, the amount of the
purchase or rental, and all amounts paj-ahle in respect thereof, including any commission upon said
purchase, rental or acquisition. Also the names of all persons civil or military, who acted for the
government in connection with such purchasing, leasing or other acquisition. Also all letters, tele-
grams, papers, correspondence and other documents between the vendor or lessee, or any persons
acting for them and the government, or any person acting for the government, including all
protests of persons owning or claiming to own land in the vicinity ; and all correspondence
between such persons and the government, and all correspondence between any person acting for
the government, and any jjerson or persons claiming to be interested in ailK^ such purchase, sale
or acquisition. Also the names of all persons engaged in making the final or other settlement of anv
claims for the purchasing, leasing or other acquisition of any such lands, or for trespass upon or
interference with any adjoining lands, or the persons residing thereon, and a full statement of all the
amounts, if any, paid to each such person engaged in making any such settlement, or in making any
arrangement in connection with such claims. Also a statement of the amount and nature of all
claims for trespass or interference, and of all sums paid or payable in respect thereof. Presented
23rd April, 1906. — Mr. Worthington jiot printed
107. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1906, sho^\dng the number of mail
contracts in Peel county, giving location, number of miles, names of couriers, and price paid. Also
date of commencement, date of expii-ation, and names of bondsmen ; also if public tenders were
asked ; the name of each preceding contract, with name of courier, and the price paid. Presented
23rd April, 1906.— J/;-. Blain Not printed.
108. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April, 1906, for copies of all reports and
communications from the superintendent of insurance to the government, or to the minister of fin-
ance, during the years 1903, 1904 and 1905, relating or referring to the desirability or expediency of
any further amendment or amendments to the Insurance Act, or relating or referring to anv defects
in said act. Presented 23rd April. 1906. — Mr. Borden (CarlctonJ Not printed
108a Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, for a copy of the special
report of the superintendent of insurance addressed to the minister of finance, bearino- data 9th
November, 1905 ; also copies of all other reports, correspondence and documents, from 1st January
1905, up to the date of the return, respecting the regulation of life insurance in Canada. Presented
23rd April, WOG.—Mr. Borden (Carleton) ^^f printed
108'^. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, for copies of all telegrams
reports, communications, investigations, letters and documents of every description, relatino- to the
necessity of investigating the working of insurance companies doing business in the Dominion of
Canada, including all correspondence, communications and other documents, whether advocatino-or
opposing, or otherwise relating to the commission recently appointed for the above purpose • or any
investigation either by the government or by a commission, committee of the house, or otherwise
into the matters aforesaid ; also in connection with the recommendation and appointment of the
commissioners. Presented 23rd April, 1906. — Mr. Ingram jf^-^^^ nri'iied
109. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th March, 1905, for copies of all correspondence
d<icuir.ents, papers, and reports, not already brought down relating to the harbour at Port Colborne'
the breakwater thereof, and elevators, or proix)sed elevators therein. Presented 23rd April 1906 —
Mr. Barker Not printed.
110. Reiui-n to an order of the House of Commons, dated 21st March, 1906, for copies of aU thermoo-raph
records of temperatures on ocean steamers in the possession of the government, taken durins- the
season of 1905, stating : (1) where the thermograph was placed in each case, whether in cold storage
chambers, cool air chambers, ventilated chambers, unventilated chambers, or on deck or other nart
of the vessel, exix)sed only to the natural ocean temperature, and in this latter instance if liable to
be exposed to the sun's rays ; (2) the kind of produce that was stored in the chamber if any • (3) date
of sailing of steamer, the port from which sailing, name of vessel and line of steamers ; (4) where the
chamber was a ventilated chamber, state method of ventilation, size and number of intakes aho if
outflows for air. Presented 23rd April, 1906. — Mr. Smith (Wentworth) . Not printed
2 ' 17
5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued.
nil Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated '28th March, 1906, f jr copies of all reports made
subsequent to 3rd April, 1905, in respect of Joseph Nixon, land agent at jMacleod. Presented 23rd
April, 1906.— Mr. Foster- Not printed.
112. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing the total number of
land patents issued, together with the acreage covered thereby, in and for the territory included
within the limits of the jjresent j)r(ivinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, between the year
1872 and the 31st December, 190.5, under each of the following forms of grant, stating also whether
odd or even sections were afifected : commutation grants, homesteads, Manitoba Act grants, military
bounty grants. Northwest half-breed grants, parish sales, quit claim special grants, railways, sales of
mining, farming, ranching, &c., school land sales, special grants, and all others. Presented 23rd
April, 1906. — Mr. Aiaes Not printed.
112rt. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing the parcels of land,
other than railway grants, which since 1896, have been sold, in the present province of Alberta or
Saskatchewan, for irrigation projects ; giving in each instance area, location and price obtained, and
the name of the company or individual to whom sale was made. Presented 23i-d April, 1906. — Mr
Ames Not printed.
1126. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, for copies of all contracts
and agreements between the government, or any department of the government, and the Qu'Appelle,
Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railroad and Steamboat Company, and all orders in council, reports,
papers, documents and correspondence respecting : (a) any loan to the said company ; (b) any indebt-
edness of the said company to the crown or to the government ; (c) any lands to which the company
Ujight become entitled by virture of any statute, contract or agreement ; [d) any land granted to or
earned by the company ; (e) the area within which such lands might be selected by the company ; (/)
any enlargement, change or alteration of the area within which such lands might be selected by the
company, or by anj' purchaser from the assignee of the company. 2. All correspondence respecting
the matters above mentioned between the government, or any department of the government, or any
official or person acting or purf)orting to act for the government and the said company, or any official
thereof, or any person acting or purporting to act therefor, or any assignee of or purchaser from the
said company. 3. All orders in council relating to, touching or concerning the said company's land
grant, or the area within which the same might be selected, or any enlargement or alteration of that
area. 4. All correspondence between the government, or any department or official thereof, and the
Saskatchewan Valley Land Company, or any officer or person purporting to act for that company,
or any person or per.sons, firm or firms, syndicate or syndicates, from whom the Saskatchewan Valley
Land Company acquired any portion of the land grant of the Qu'Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatche-
wan Railroad and Steamboat Company. 5. All correspondence between any shareholders or persons
interested in the Qu'Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railroad and Steamboat Com pan j', with
the government or any department or official thereof, and all claims and demands made by that
company, or by any person interested therein against the government, in respect of the said land
grant, or the selection thereof, or any of the matters above referred to. Presented 1st May, 1906. —
Mr. Borden (Carlcton) Not printed.
112<;. Supplementary return to No. 1126. Presented 11th May, 1906 Not printed.
113. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1906, showing the original tenders
received by the department of the interior in connecuion with the leasing of timber berths Nos. 1158
1175, 1192, 1219, 1231, and 1232, during the years 1904 and 1905, with copies of all correspondence in
reference therero, had with the minister of the interior, the department itself, or any officer thereof ;
and the various transfers, if any, made of the leases after they were granted to the successful ten-
derers, giving name of transferee and date of transfer, in each case. Presented 23rd April, 1906. —
Mr. Foster Not printed .
114. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd April, 1906, showing the number of jjer-
manent emploj'ees at present in the service of the' House of Commons, the names and duties of each ;
the salary and length of service in each case ; the number of sessional employees at present in the
service of the House of Corrmaons, the dailj' paj' of each, and the names and duties of each ; the
number of employees of both classes who were employed in the session of 1896. Presented 24th
April, 1906. — Mr. Spronle A'oi printed.
18
5 Edw. YII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued.
114a. Return giving the information asked for by the House of Commons in their message, dated 30th
April, 1906, requesting their honours to furnish to the Commons a return showing the number of
permanent employees at present in the service of the Senate, the names and duties of each, and the
salary and length of service in each case ; the number of sessional employees at present in the ser-
vice of the >Sei.ate, the daily pay of each, and the names and duties of each ; the number of em-
ployees of both classes who were employed in the session of 1896. Presented 11th May, 1906. — Mr.
Sproule . Notxtrinted.
114^. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 8th instant, showing payments made to permanent and
sessional employees during the fiscal year 1895-6, and 1904-5. Presented 14th May, 1906. — Hon
tiir Mackenzie Bow.ell Not printed .
115. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1906, for copies of all correspond-
ence between the CoUingwood Drj' Dock Company and any department in reference to bounty payable
to said company ; also a copy of the valuation of said dock, if any, made on behalf of the depart-
ment of public works. Presented 24th April, 1906. — Mr. Bennett Not printed.
116. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April. 1906, showing : [a) what quantities
of fish of different classifications, naming them, were entered for export at the ports of Port Arthur,
Fort William, Sault Ste. Marie, Manitoulin Island and all Georgian Bay ports, respectively, during
the fiscal years ending 30th June, 1890, 1891. 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900,
1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905 ; (h) the value of such consignments so entered ; (c) the amount of
duty paid thereon ; (d) the county or counties to which the said consignments were exported. Pre-
sented 24th April, 1906. — Mr. Boyce Not printed.
117. A copy of a Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Great Britain and Japan. Presented
24th April, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for sessional papers .
118. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th ^Nlarch, 1906, for copies of all contracts
for supplies of food for the permanent military forces and mounted police of the Dominion ; also
for all the supplies of food to the volunteers at their annual drill camps last summer ; also for the
supplies to the military schools of the Dominion. Presented 26th A-pv\\,1^0Q.— Mr. Smith (Went-
worth) Not printed.
118a. Supplementary return to No. 118. Presented 1st May, 1906 Not printed.
119. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd April, 1906, for copies of all reports, letters,
communications, surveys, papers and documents respecting any defects in the Peterborough lift-lock,
or any difficulties in the operation of the said lock, or any defects in the Trent Valley canal in the
vicinity of or in connection with the Peterborough lift-lock. Presented 26th April, 1906.— vJ/r.
Barker ^ jf^i printed.
1 19a. Return to an orderYf the House of Commons, dated 14th May, 1906, for copies of all correspondence,
inquiries, reports, or other data bearing upon the Trent canal in connection with the lift lock ai
Peterborough and the works at Kirkfield ; together with all correspondence with engineers, solicitors
and contractors, in connection with the same. Presented 13th June, 1906!— JV/r. Hughes
(Victoria) Not printed.
120. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 1906, for a copy of all contracts
with steamship companies for steamboat service between Canada and Mexico. Presented 27th April,
1906.— ilfr. McLean (Queen's) Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
121. Extract from a Report of the Committee of the Privy Council approved by the Governor General on
the 21st April, 1891, on a report from the minister of the interior in relation to the case of ' The
Temperance Colonization Society (Limited).' Presented 27th April, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
Not printed.
121a. Certified copy of a Report of a Committee of the Honourable the Privy Council, approved by His
Excellency the Governor General in Council, on the 21st April, 1901, respecting "The Temperance
Colonization Society, Limited," and defining in general terms the mode of dealing with colonization
companies desiring to have their agreements cancelled and their accounts with the government
closed. Presented 29th May, 1906, by Hon. F. Oliver j^-Qt printed
^ 19
5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued.
122. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April, 190(j, for co|>ies of all orders in
council, or other authority, for the survey of a branch line of railway from the main line of the
Prince Edward Island Railway to Stanley Bridge ; also for copies of all engineers' reports,
memoranda, &c., correspondence, telegrams, or other documents in relation thereto ; including the
claims of Austin J. Macneill and others for damages to property in connection with the said survey.
Presented 30th April, 1!)06.— ilfr Martin (Queen's) Not printed.
123. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated !)th April, l'JO(!, for copies of all letters,
telegrams, communications and correspondence received since the first day of -January, 1905, from
any government, corporation, firm, or person, respecting the qualit}' of fruit exported from Canada
and relating to the inspection of such fruit ; and copies of all letters and communications from any
department of the government in reply thereto. Presented 30th Apiil, 1906. — Mr. Smith (Went-
worth ) Not printed.
123«. Partial Return (in so far as the Department of Trade and Commerce is concerned) to an address of
the Senate, dated 24th April, 1900, for a statement showing : 1st. The number of barrels and boxes
of apples (stated separately) exported from Canada to foreign countries, including those shipped
through United States ports ; 2nd. The number of packages of Canadian apples (stated as aforesaid)
delivered at the following European ports : London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Manchester, Bristol,
Belfast, Hamburg, Havre and Antwerp. The number of barrels and boxes (stated separately) and
to be given separately, for each of the aforesaid ports ; 3rd. The number of packages as aforesaid,
bearing the marks required by the Fruit Marks Act, stating separately the number of packages
bearing each of the different marks authorized by the said act ; 4th. The number of packages as
aforesaid, which were found by the inspectors appointed by the department of agriculture or the
commercial agents of the department of trade and commerce, to be dishonestly packed or falsely
marked ; 5th. The names of all inspectors appointed by the government, or the department of
agriculture operating either in Canada or elsewhere, under the provisions of the Fruit Marks Act,
and the salary and other allowances paid to each, and the territory covered by each in.spector ; 6th.
The names of all the commercial agents employed by the government or the department of trade
and commerce and operating in the United Kingdom, the British Colonies and foreign countries
and the salary and other allowances paid to each, and the territory covered by each agent. Present-
ed 9th May, 1906.— fi'on. Mr. Ferr/uson Not printed.
123'/. Supplementary return to No. 123a. Presented 9th May, 190G Not vrinted.
124. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1906, for a copy of all contracts
between the Ross Rifle Company and the government, or the department of militia, for the supply
of rifles, ammunition, or other articles, and all orders in council, correspondence, reports, docu-
ments and papers relating to such contracts or to the subject-matter thereof, or to the operations of
the company', or to its dealing with the government, or any of the departments thereof, including
the department of customs. Presented 1st May, 1906. — Mr. Worthington .'. Not printed.
125. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd April, 1906, for a copy of the report of
A. E. DuBerger, on the drug and proprietary medicine trade of Canada. Presented 1st May, 1906.
— Mr. Parmelee Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
126. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd .A.pril, 1906, for a copy of the report made
by the deputy minister of labour on the results of his investigation into the importation of Italian
labourers into the city of Montreal in the spring of 1904. Presented 1st Maj\ 1906. — Mr. Verville.
Not printed.
127. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th March, 1906, for copies of all corres-
pondence, plans, specifications, surveys, &c., pertaining to relief from the river Thames, say between
the city of London and Lake St. Clair for the overflow of water from the said river, pertaining to
canal or cut off to Lake Erie or other points. Presented 1st May, 1906. — Mr. Clements. .Not printed.
128. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 18th April, 1906, for a copy of the specifications
for the Victoria Memorial Museum, especially that portion thereof showing the kind, quality and
dimensions of stone to be used by the contractor in the exterior walls of the same ; also for a copy of
all correspondence regarding stone for the said building between the government, or any department,
20
5 Edvv. Yll. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued.
minister or official, and every person or corporation, including the contractor, Mr. Goodwin, and the
owners or lessees of the Read, Battery, River Phillip, and other quarries. Presented 1st May, 1906.
— Mr. Pcrley Not printed.
129. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1906, for a cx)pyof all correspondence
and reports relative to the sale of the Giant's Tomb Island, or timber thereon, or to any negotiations
with any person or persons for the purchase of said Island or timber thereon, or both. Presented
3rd May, 1906. — Mr. Baineit Not jjrinted.
130. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 11th April, 1906, for a copy of a certain report
or communication to the department of the interior, from C. W. Speers, an officer of that depart-
ment, dated in or about the month of February, 1901, recommending that 10,000 acres of land,
included in or situate near the land afterwards sold by the government to Colonel A. I). Davidson
and his associates should be broken at the expense of the government, to establish the fact that grain
could be produced in that district ; also for a copy of the map submitted therewith ; also for a copy
of all repDrts, letters and communications to the said department, up to the 24th day of May, 1902,
respecting the quality or value of the said lands, mentioned in the order in council of that date.
Presented 3rd May, 1906. — M?: Barker Not printed.
ISOcf. Supplementary return to Xo. 130. Presented 11th May, 190f) Not printed.
131. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing the amount of
money scrip redeemed in Dominion lands, and the number of acres thus purchased from the govern-
ment, (fl) in Manitoba; [h] in the Northwest, the figures for each year from 1875 to 31st December,
1905, being given separately. Presented 3rd May, 1906. — Mr. Roche (Marquette ) Not printed.
132. Return to an order of the House of Connnons, dated 21st March 1906, of all the valuations made in
or previously to the year 1902, of the lands sold or granted in that year to the Saskatchewan
Galley Land Company. Presented 3rd May, 1906. — 3Ir. Borden (Carleton) Not printed.
133. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing : 1. The number of
allotments of 240 aci'es of land, and acreage covered by the sanie, made between the 1st of July,
1896, and the 31st of December, 1905, to the half-breeds of Manitoba, giving separately the figures
for each year, and for the final six months. 2. The land scrip, if any, issued during the aforesaid
period to colonization companies, giving in the case of each such company the name and head office
address, and also giving the face value of such scrip and the year of its issuance. 3. The number
and acreage of land scrip issued during the same period, to the half-breeds of the Northwest (now
Alberta and Saskatchewan), giving separately the figures for each year and for the final six months.
4. The number of acres of land scrip located within the limit of each of the thirteen Dominion land
agencies of Manitoba and the Northwest, between the 1st of July, 1896, and the 31st of December,
1905, the figures of each agency each year to be give.i separately. 5. The number of acreage of land
'scrip granted prior to 1st July, 1896, to the half-breeds (a) in Manitoba and (6) of the Northwest. 6.
The amount outstanding, granted but not located, on 1st July, 1896. Presented 3rd May, 1906. —
Mr. Roche (Marquette) Not pirinted.
13-1. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing: (1) The total
number of acres of land within the present limits of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, voted by
parliament to railway companies. 2. The area of said lands in respect of which the time by law
specified for earning the same has elapsed. 3. The area of said lands («) which has been earned,
selected and patented ; (b) which has been earned and selected, but not patented ; (c) which has
been earned but neither selected nor patented. 4. The area of land which may yet be earned by
any railway company, indicating the name of the company, and the amount of subsidy possible. 5.
In the case of each of the following roads, the Canadian Northern Railway Company, the Manitoba
and Southeastern Railway Company, and the Qu'Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railway
Compan}-, (a) the quantity of land which may yet be earned ; [h] the quantity earned but not
patented ; (c) the extent, location (giving township and range), and boundaries of the reserved
territory wherein each of the remaining selections may be made. 6. The several orders in council by
virtue of which the area of selection affecting the companies mentioned in paragraph 5 were indicated,
and any amendments of the same. The whole of the above information to be brought up to 1st
January, 1906. Presented 3rd May, 1906. — 7(//-. Ames .' Not printed.
135. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 11th April, 1906, for a copy of any and all
proposals or requests made by or on behalf of A. D. Davidson, his associates, or any of them, for
21
5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS' OF VOLUME U— Continued.
purchase or acquisition of lands from the government or any department thereof, and particularly
the proposal referred to in Sessional Paper 132a, 1893, page 159, being order in council, approved 24tb
May, 1902, and of all correspondence and other papers in any wise relating to said proposal or
proposals. Also for a copy of any and all recommendations of any such proposals or dealing there-
with, made by the commissioner of immigration, or general colonization agent, or either of them,
referred to in said order in council, together with all corrSi^pondence and other papers in any wise
relating to such recommendations. Also for a copy of any and all acceptance and acceptances,
consent and consents in writing, by or on behalf of said A. D. Davidson, or associates, or any of
them ; of or to the terms of disposal of lands, set out in said order in council, and bearing numbers
one to nine, both inclusive, or of or to any of such terms, together with all correspondence and other
papers, in any wise relating to such acceptance or consent. Also for a copy of any and all agreement
and agreements in writing, at any time made by the government, or any department thereof, with
said A. D. Davidson, and associates, or any of them, for sale of lands, based on said order in council,
approved 24th May, 1903, or on any modification thereof, together wth all correspondence and other
papers in any wise relating to such agreement or agreements. Presented 3rd May, 1906. — Mr.
Alcorn Not printed .
136. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April, 1906, for copies of (a) all plans
showing proposals of any railway or other corporation, or person, or association of persons, for and
with regard to expropriation of Whitefish Island, in St. Mary's River, Ontario, or of i)ortions thereof,
and of water or land covered by water, surrounding the same ; (6) of all correspondence between
this government and the government of the province of Ontario, or anj department thereof, and
with any other person, firm or corporation, relating thereto, and of all reports, decisions, or findings
upon such applications or proposals ; (c) of all reports of and correspondence with the International
Waterways Commission, with respect to erection, maintenance or alteration of dams, water-powers,
and other works or erections in St. Mary's River. Presented 3rd May, 1906. — Mr. Boyce.
Not printed.
137. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 1906, showing imports and exports
between United States and Canada for the last fiscal year, on the following agricultural products,
showing Canadian duty and United States duty, also showing any of the following articles, and
amount admitted free between United States and Canada : tobacco, corn, potatoes, barley, beans,
oats, haj', eggs, fowls, butter, pork, beef, vegetables, apples, wood, cattle, hogs, sheep, horses, hay,
canned vegetables, canned fruits, evaporated and dried apples, lard, hides and cheese. Presented
VI 1 1^" 3rd May, 1906. — Mr. Clements ... Not printed.
138. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 23i-d April, 1906, for a copy of all order.* in
council, reports, correspondence, documents and papers, relating to the proposed sale, grant or
disposal by the government of 'any lands in the province of Alberta, or in the province of
Saskatchewan, to a syndicate or company in which Messieurs M. A. Walsh, E. C. Walsh, E. G.
Walsh, of Clinton, Ohio ; A. W. Carrol, Charles Maher, of Iowa, and J. Brown of Neepawa, Man-
itoba, or any or either of them are interested, or which they or any or either of them, or any person
or iJersons on their behalf, are jjromoting. Presented 7th May, 1906. — Mr. McCarthy, (Calgary).
Not printed.
139. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated ISth April, 1906, for a copy of aU letters, cor-
respondence and communications between the minister of the interior pr any department of the
government and the superintendent imder the Children's Protection Act of British Columbia, re-
specting the sale and slavery in British Columbia of young girls for immoral purjxjses ; also a copy
of all reports and communications from the agents of the Indian department in British Columbia,
with respect to the matters aforesaid, and all replies or communications from the department to
such agents. Presented 7th May, 1906, — Mr. Borden ( Carleton) Not printed.
140. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated I4th March, 1906, showing : 1. The number of
allotments of land scrip and the total acreage covered therebj', made to half-breeds (a) in ]Manitoba,
and (h) in the Northwest, between 1st July, 1904, and 31st December, 1905. 2. The number of land
warrants, if any, and the acreage covered thereby, issued for military services within the same
period. 3. The number of scrip, if any, and the acreage covered thereby, issued to the Northwest
Mounted Police within the same period. 4. The number and acreage of all the above outstanding
on the 31st December, 1905. All the above information being required in order to bring the infor-
mation contained in Sessional Paper No. 67cf, brought down the 13th July, 1904, up to the end of
the last calendar yea Presented 7th May, 1906. — Mr . Roche (Marquette) Not printed.
5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14— Continued.
141. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th March, 1906, for copies of all correspon-
dence had with the department of the interior, or the minister of that department, or any member
of the government, including all statements, charges or information, made against or concerning
Philip Wagnei, at one time in the employ of the government. Presentea 8th May, 1906. — Mr.
Foster Not printed.
142. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th of April, 1906, for a copy of all correspond-
ence and papers relating to any and all applications made by or on behalf of the Great Northern
Railway Company for subsidies ; also what subsidies were granted to that railway, by whom or
through what person such subsidies were applied for, on what dates, for what portions of the rail-
way, and of what amounts, on what terms and conditions were subsidies granted, and to what
persons, firms or corporations such subsidies, or any part or parts thereof, were paid. Presented 10th
May, 1906.— il/r. Boi/ee Not printed.
143. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 5th April, 1906, for copies of all corrsspondence,
reports, telegrams, valuations and memoranda in possession of the government, or any member or
official thereof, with reference to damages for lands expropriated for railway purposes on the line
built between Montague, and Cardigan, Prince Edward Island ; also names of commissioners or
valuators, or both ; copies of all valuations made, by whom made, giving the names and the amounts
separately awarded to each ; also list of names of persons who accepted valuators' awards, and also
of persons whose valuations have not been accepted by the government ; also list of persons who
have been paid or accepted valuations. Presented 10th May, 1906.— ilfr. McLean, ('Queen's).
Not printed.
144. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906 : 1. For copies of all corre-
spondence for the last two years on immigration between the Canadian High Commissioner, in
London, England, and Mr. W. T. R. Preston, Dominion Commissioner of Immigration, at London,
England. 2. For copies of all correspondence for the last two years on immigration between the
said W. T. R. Preston and Mr. W. T. Griffith, Secretary, High Commissioner's office, London,
England. Presented 11th May, 1906. — Mr. Wilson (Lennox and Addington) Not printed.
144a. Supplementary return to No. 144. Presented 30th May, 1906 Not printed.
145. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 27th April, 1906, for a statement showing the conditions
on which the Songhees Indian Reserve in Victoria has been handed over to the government of
British Columbia— as to the purchase of a new reserve, the building of dwellings, church, and school
house, showing also the manner in which it is intended to dispose of the money in the hands of the
Dominion government to the credit of the Songhees Indians. Presented 9th May, 1906. — Hon. Mr.
Macdonuld (Victoria) Not printed.
146. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1906, for a copy of all correspondence,
papers, &c., between the superintendent of the Prince Edward Island Railway, or other official, with
other interested parties, relative to the acquiring of the Hodgson property on the St. Peters Road,
near Charlottetown, and at the entrance of the new bridge, for the purposes of straightening the road.
Presented 14th May, 1906. — Mr. Lefurgeii , Not printed.
147. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th April, 1906, for a copy of all telegrams,
petitions, orders and correspondence with reference to the removal of the post office from North Lake
to Blake Point, Prince Edward Island, and to the return of the office to its original location. Pre-
sented 15th May, 1906. — Mr. McLean, {Queen's) Not printed.
148. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 18th April, 1906, for a copy of all reports re-
garding the Riding Mountain timber reserve, since 1st January, 1900, by any officers of the govern-
ment. Presented 15th May, 1906. — Mr. Roche (Marquette) Not printed.
148a. Supplementary return to No. 148. Presented 22nd May, 1906 . Not printed.
149. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th April, 1906, for a copy of the contract with
the Chicoutimi Pulp Company regarding the building, maintenance and operation of the piers and
booms above Chicoutimi, on the Saguenaj' River ; also a copy of the reports from the officers of the
government under ivhich ii was decided to build these works, and of all correspondence relating
thereto. Presented 15th May, 1906. — Mr. Perley Not printed.
150. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing the amounts voted
and the amounts expended, under their proper heading, each j-ear since 30th June, 1896, on Port
Bruce harbour ; the date of such pajTnents, to whom the payments were made, and the amount paid
23
5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Pjipers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14— Coniinwed.
to each person ; the amount paid for actual labour performed ; the amount paid for material not
used, and when, and the amount paid for material used ; quantity and kind of material purchased,
and the price, and from whom purchased ; ihe present actual condition of the harbour ; a copy of
the estimated cost of the harbour, including dredging and breakwater ; also copies of all advertise-
ments calling for tenders, as well as all tenders and contracts and correspondence on the subject.
The names of all dredges employed since 30th June, 1896, and their owners ; also copies of all tele-
grams, letters, reports, petitions, documents, correspondence, investigations and communications of
every description in connection with said harbour works ; also a copy of the pay-roll for each year
since 30th June. 18!)6, the names of all foremen, superintendents and inspectors, with their length of
service as such, and by whom recommended, and all correspondence in connection with their ap-
' pointment, the names of all civil engineers employed on the works, and by whom recommended, and
all correspondence in connection therewith ; also the name of the person or persons who paid the re-
spective amounts at Port Bruce for material furnished and labour performed. Presented loth ISIay,
1<)06.— il/r. hvjrain. -^o^ printed.
151. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th March, 1905, showing the names of resi-
dents of the Northwest Territories, not entitled to a second homestead, for whom the sanction of the
department has been given, allowing tliem to purchase additional quarter sections, subject to ordin-
ary cultivation conditions : the dates upon which such sanctions were given, the lands which have
been purchased by such settlers in consequence of this authority, with the price agreed upon, and
the sum paid down ; also the form in which the authority to make the sale was made known to the
local agents of Dominion lands. Presented 17th May, 1906.— Afr. Lake Not 'printed.
1 52. Return to an order of the House of Commons,dated 9th May, 190G, showing the number of Indian agents
in the employ of the government ; the number of Indians in the Yukon ; the number of Indian
schools in the Yukon ; the number of officials of the Indian department in the employ of the govern-
ment in the Yukon ; the number of Indian reserves in the Yukon ; the number of Indians in British
Columbia ; the number of Indian schools in British Columbia ; the number of officials of the Indian
department in the employ of the government in British Columbia ; the numoer of medical officials
who have received remuneration of any kind out of the Indian department, and the total amovmt
thus paid by the government in each province ; the amount of the Indian reserve land disposed of
since 1896, and the price per acre received in each case ; the total amoimt expended in the year 1905
on the following reserves, respectively : Kettle Point, Stony Point, and Sarnia Reserve, and the
population on each reserve, and the number of schools and teachers ; the amount of salary paid to
the Indian agents in the Yukon and British Columbia ; the average Indian "population in the re-
serves in each province of the Dominion ; the number of reserves in the Dominion having a popula-
tion of less than each respective number given, viz. : 100, 75, 50, 30, 20, 10, 5, 3, in the year 1905 ;
the total amount paid to Indian department officials of this government in each province of the
Dominion^ Presented 17th May, 19C6. —Mr. Armstromj Not printed.
153. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th July, 1905, for copies of all correspondence,
petitions, memorials, reports of inspectors, and all papers whatsoever, relating to the closing of Lake
Manitoba from summer fishing. Presented 17th May, 1906.— Mr Crawford Not printed.
154. Return to address of the Senate, dated 14th March, 1906, for all correspondence between the pilot
commissioners, the secretary of the board of pilot commissioners, or any of the officials of that
board, at Sydney, Cape Breton, and the department of marine and fisheries, or any of the officials of
the said department, showing : 1st. The amount paid into' the pilots' retiring fund in each year, from
31st December, 1896, to 31st December, 1905, repectively. 2nd. The amount paid into the pilots'
widows' and orphans' relief fund from 31st December, 1896, to 31st December, 1905, respectively.
3rd. The disposition made of the said funds in each "year during the above-mentioned period ; the
amount on hand on 31st December, 1905, the interest it bears ; where it is deposited ; the security
for its safety for the benefit of the widows and the orphans of the pilots. -1th. The amount on hand
in these funds, respectively, on 31st December, 1896 ; also all other correspondence, if any, bearing
on this matter. Presented 17th May, 1906.— fi^o?i. Mr. McDonald (Cape Breton) Not printed.
155. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 18th of April, 1906, showing all coal lands
leased, sold or otherwise disposed of during each year from 1896 to 1905, inclusive, giving the area
dis|X)sed of, the party to whom, the consideration therefor, the assignments made, if any, and the
date thereof, and the name of the assignee in each case. Presented 22nd May, 1906.— Mr. Foster ■
Not })rinted
24
5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued.
156. Correspondence, &c., relative to the mining rights underlying the surface of the lands as may be
required for the right of way, station grounds, &e., of the Western Division of the Grand Trunk
Pacific Kail way. Presented 22nd May, 1906, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed.
157. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th April, 1906, for a copy of all correspon-
dence, letters, papers, lease or leases, relative to the leasing of the Blood Indian Reserve, in the
province of Alberta, to the McEwan Cattle Company, of Brandon, or any other person or persons.
Presented 23rd May, 1906.— Mr. Sproulc Not printed.
158. Return to an address of the House of Commoiw, dated 18th April, 1906, for a copy of an order in
council passed on or about the 27th July, '1900, re certain lands in Alberta and Arthabasca, referred
to in a question asked the government by Mr. Lefurgey on 9th April, instant, together with official
plan or map showing lands referred to, and all other correspondence and papers in reference thereto,
between the government or any person acting on ils behalf, and others, up to the present time..
Presented 23rd May, 1906.— J/r. Lefurgey Not printed.
159. Record of accidents and casualties investigated by the Board of Railway Commissioners, for the
year ending 30th June, 190.5. Presented 28th May, 1906, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed.
160. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 1906, showing the freight rates in
force last year on the Prince Edward Island Railway, and the tariff in force on 1st April, 1906, for
local traffic ; also a statement of the proportion of through freight rates on the Intercolonial Railway
carloads of grain for export from Montreal to St. John, New Brunswick, Halifax, Nova Scotia, and
Sydney, Cape Breton, giving the several distances and the through freight rates charged on grain in
carloads from Tignish, Prince Edward Island, to St. John, New Brunswick, Halifax, Nova Scotia,
and Sydney, Cape Breton, by Prince Edward Island Railway, government winter boats and Inter-
colonial Railway, showing the several distances. Presented 29th May, 1906.— M?-. Lejunicy.
Not printed.
161. Report of the commissioners appointed to hold an investigation and report upon the accident which
occurred on the .5th April, 1906, by the collapse of part of the tower on the west block extension of
the departmental buildings. Presented 29th May, 1906, by Hon. C. S. Hyman.
Printed for both distribution and sessional papers.
161((. The evidence taken before the commissioners appointed to hold an investigation and report upon
the accident which occurred on the 5th April, 1906, by the collapse of part of the tower on the west
block extension of the departmental buildings. Presented 19th June, 1906, by Hon. C. S. Hyman.
Not 2)rinted.
1616. Correspondence in relation to the west block extension and the collapse of the tower. Presented
22nd June, 1906, by Hon. C. S. Hyman Not printed.
162. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 1906, showing the total number of
land patents issued, together with the acreage covered thereby, in and for the territory included
within the limits of the present provinces of IManitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, between the 1st
of July, 1901, and the 31st of December, 1905, under each of the following forms of grant : (a) com-
mutation grants, (6) homesteads, (c) Manitoba Act grants, [d) military bounty grants, (e) Northwest
half-breed grants, (/) parish sales, (jr) quit claim special grants, (/;.) railways, [i] sales of mining,
farming, ranching, &c., (i) school land sales, (i-) special grants, (Z) and all others. Presented 29th
May, 1906.— J/r. Avies Not printed.
163. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd April, 19o6, showing what information is
in possession of the department of the interior, or any department or member of the government,
regarding alleged irregular or improper dealings, acts, charges, paynients, or accounts of any officer,
agent or other person in Great Britain or Ireland, or in Europe, in connection with immigration to
Canada ; what period is covered thereby ; also what communications, if any, upon or in relation to
such matters have been had from or with the High Commissioner for Canada, the commissioner of
immigration or others, in writing or otherwise ; also a copy of all correspondence, reports and papers,
if any, relating to such matters. Presented 29th May, 1906.— ilfr. Barker Not printed.
16-1. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 15th May, 1906, calling for a statement showing : 1st. The
amount paid for the railway known as the Canada Eastern in New Brunswick, and the name of the
person or persons to whom the purchase money was paid. 2nd. The amount of money expended on
said railway since its purchase by the government to the 1st of April, 1906, on buildings, repairs,
25
5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued.
grading, culverts, bridges, ties, rails, and all other expenditures incurred in the improvement of said
railway. 3rd. The total amount earned and received from the passengers, and for freights, separ-
ately, to the 1st of April, 1906. 4th. Tlie total expenditure for operating said road, as a branch of
the Intercolonial, from the date of purchase to the 1st of April, 1906. Presented 29th May, 1906. —
Hon. Sir Mackenzie Bowell Not printed.
165. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 8th May, 1906, for a statement showing : 1. What amount
has been paid out annually during the last five years for salaries and exjjenses of the staff chargeable
with the inspection duties of the life insurance branch of the finance department. 2. Did such staff
perform any duties other than those pertaining to inspection. 3. Names of the ofiBcers of such staff.
4. Salaries paid each such officer. 5. Amounts collected annually fr<jm all life insurance companies
doing business in Canada durmg the last five years for inspection charges or maintenance charges of
such branch, or for such other charges incident thereto. 6. On what basis have such charges been
made and collected. 7. The names of all companies and amounts | aid each year by such comf)anies.
Presented 29th May, 1906. -Hon. Mr. Lougheed Not printed.
166. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 2f)th February, 1905, showing the number of
miles of land m the Northwest Territories surveyed in block outlines, and the cost yjer mile ; the
number of miles of township outlines, and the cost per mile ; the number of acres subdivided, and
the cost per acre ; the proportion of open prairie to the whole of the land surveyed ; the contract
survey rate per mile of section line in open prairie ; the rate of pay of survej'ors employed by the
day, for the years 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1900, 1901, 1902, l!i03 ; the average for the first four j^ears,
and the average for the latter four years. Presented 13th June, 1906.— J/r. Roche (Marquette).
Not printed.
167. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 16th May, 1906, for copies of the North Sydney Harbour
Commissioners' Report for the calendar years 1897, 1899, 1901 and 1905, showing collections and dis-
bursements of the said harbour commissioners during these j^ear; ; also correspondence, if any, res-
pecting purchase of land for harbour commissioners' purposes, with plans of the said land and har-
bour. Presented 29th May, 1906. — Hon. Mr. McDonald Not printed.
168. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 8th May, 1906, for a statement relating to the Mutual
Life Insurance Company of New York, showing : I. The amount of life insurance in force in the
Dominion on 31st December, 1905. 2. The amount of security deposited with the Dom-inion govern-
ment. 3. The nature of the security. 4. If in gold, how much. 5. If in bonds, how much. 6.
Who are the issuers of the bonds. 7. Are the bonds given in security taken at par or face value, or
at the supposed market value. 8. How is the market value ascertained. 9. What means are taken
to know if the makers or issuers of bonds taken as security are solvent from year to year. 10. In tha
event of the value of bonds falling below that at which they are taken as securitj', how would the
deficiency in the security necessary to be held be made up. 11. Has the security deposited by the
Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York fallen in value at any time below that necessary to be
deposited according to law. Presented 29th May, 1906.— Ma Macdonald (Victoria). . .Not printed.
169. Papers relating to chapter 16, 4 Edward VII, intituled : 'An Act respecting an arbitration between
His Majesty and the Grand Trunk Company of Canada.' Presented 29th May, 1906, by the Hon.
R.W.Scott Not printed.
ITO. A copy of a Report of the Committee of the Honourable the Privy Council, approved by His Excel-
lency the Governor General on the 14th March, 1906, relating to the extension of the contract with
the American Bank Note Company for a further period of five years ; and correspondence relating
thereto. Presented 30th May, 1906, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed.
171. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing the amoimts voted,
and the amounts expended, under their proper headings, each year since 30th June, 1896, on Port
Stanley harbour ; the date of such payments, to whom payments were made, and the amount paid
to each persoi^; the amount paid for actual labour performed ; the amount paid for material not
used ; the quantity and kind of material purchased, with the pricfe, and from whom purchased ; the
present actual condition of the harbour. A copy of the estimated cost of the harbour, the statement
to include dredging and the breakwater ; alsocopiesof all ad\ertisements calUng for tenders, as well
as all tenders and contracts and correspondence on the subject ; the names of all dredges employed
on the work since 30th June, 1896, and their owners ; also copies of all telegrams, letters, reports,
petitions, documents, correspondence, investigations and communications of every description in
26
5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14^— Continued.
connection \vith said harbour works ; also a copy of the pay-roll for each year since 30th June, 1896;
the names of all foremen, superintendents and inspectors, their length of service as such, and by
whom recommended, giving all correspondence in connection with their appointment ; and if dis-
missed or resigned, state reason for said dismissal or resignation; the names of all civil engineers
employed on the works, and by whom recommended, and all correspondence in connection there-
with ; also the name of the person or persons who paid the respective amounts at Port Stanley for
material furnished and labour performed. Presented Slst May, 1906. — Mr. Ingram Not printed.
172. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 19r6, for a copy ot the instructions
issued; o each grade of civil engineers on the survey of the Montreal, Ottawa and Georgian Bay
Ship Canal ; also the names of each of the engineers engaged in the several grades, respectively,
including transit men, levellers, rod men, and chain men, and the salaries of each. Presented 31st
May, 1906.— il/r. Taylor Not printed.
173. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th April, 1906, for a copy of all papers,
vouchers and statements in connection with the expenditure of 81,438.54 on Miminegash harbour, as
per Auditor General's Report, 1905, giving names and amounts paid severally for labourers, names,
prices and amounts for supplies of stone, brick, poles, plank, and small payments, &c. Piesented
31st May, 1906.— J/r. Lefurgey Not printed.
174. Cop3' of an agreement of Charles M. Hatfield to increase the natural rainfall in any locality in the
Yukon Territory. Presented 31st May, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
Printed for both distribution and sessiomil papers .
175. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 26th March, 1906, for copies of all correspon-
dence pertaining to complaints received by the government protesting against quarantine from hog
plague, in Kent County, Ontario. Presented 4th June, 1906. — Mr. Clements Not printed.
176. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 25th April, 1906, for a copy of all reports,
evidence, correspondence, documents and papers relating to charges against any of the customs
officials at Emerson, in the province of Manitoba, during the past two years. Presented 4th June,
1906. — Mr. Roche (Marquette) Not printed.
177. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 18th April, 1906, for a copy of all applications
from C. r. Caldwell for himself, or by C. F. Caldwell on behalf of any clients, together with their
names, or by any other person or persons, together with copies of all correspondence or other papers
in connection with permission to purchase coal mining lands in the province of Alberta. Presented
4th June, 1906. — Mr. Reid (Grenville) Not printed.
178. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd April. 1906, for a copy of all correspon-
dence, memoranda, reports and telegrams in possession of the government or any member or official
thereof, in reference to the construction of a new steamer for the winter navigation of the Straits of
Northumberland, including Mr. Duguid's report or recommendations, and those of others co-operat-
ing with him, and the expenses connected therewith, and to whom paid. Presented 5th June, 1906.
— Mr Martin (Queen's) Not printed.
179. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd April, 1906, for a copy of the plans and
specifications of the new steamer now being constructed in England. Presented 5th June, 1906.
— Mr. McLean (Queen's) Not printed.
180. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 31st May, 1906, for a copy of the certificate obtained by
Commander Spain in the month of February, 1903. Presented 1st June, 1906. — Hon. Mr. Landry.
Not printed.
181. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th Maj-, 1906, for a statement showing the
wages paid in different departments. of the Prince Edward Island Railway, in the same manner as
published in the Auditor's General's Report with reference to the Intercolonial Railway. Presented
13th .June, 1906. — Mr. Lefurgey Not printed.
182. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th May, 1906, for a copy of the memorial re-
ceived frpm the Dominion Marine Association, calling the attention of the Government to delays
consequent upon the carrying out of the contract with M. P. Davis or the St. Lawrence Power
Company for the hauling of vessels by electrical power in and out of the locks of the Cornwall Canal.
Presented 13th June, 1906. — Mr. Ames Not printed.
27
5 Edw. VII. Li.st uf Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued.
183. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th Mai'cJi. 190(j, showing the amounts voted
and the amounts exi)ended, under their proper headings, each year since 30th June, 1896, on Port
Burwell harbour ; the date of such payments ; to whom the payments were made, and the amount
paid to each person ; the amount paid for actual labour performed ; the amount paid for material
not used, and when ; the amount paid for material used ; the quantity and kind of material pur-
chased, and the price, and from whom purchased ; the present actual condition of the harbour. A
copy of the estimated cost of the harbour, and a statement showing how much it will cost to finish
said harbour ; the above statement to include breakwater and dredging. Also copies of all adver-
tisements calling for tenders, as well as all tenders and contracts, and correspondence on the sub-
ject ; the names of all dredges employed on the works since 30th June, 1906, and their owners. And
copies of all telegrams, letters, reports, petitions, documents, correspondence and communications
of every description in connection with the said harbour works. Also a copy of the pay-roll for each
year since 30th June, 190G ; the names of all foremen, .superintendents and inspectors ; their length
of service as such, and by whom recommended ; with all correspondence in connection with their
appointment ; and if dismissed or resigned, the reason for said dismissal or resignation ; the names
of all civil engineers who are or have been emploj'ed on the works, and by whom recommended ; the
said return to include Mr. John H. Teall, resident engineer, the date of appointment, dismissal or
resignation, as the case may be, and the reason for same ; and all correspondence, petitions, tele-
grams, letters and communications connected therewith. Presented 15th June, 1906. — Mr. Ingram.
Not printed.
184. The King's regulations and orders for the militia of Canada, 1904, 190.5 and 1906. Presented 19th
June, 1906, by Sir Frederick P>orden Not printed.
184a. Regulations respecting pay, allowances, &c., to the Canadian militia. Presented 19th June, 1906,
by Sir Frederick Borden Not pointed.
185. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 1906, showing : In respect of any or
all ties purchased by the departnif^nt of railwaj's and canals during the years 1903 -4 and 1904-5,
from each of the fallowing : D. J. and J. I). Buckley, of Rogersville ; John Mahony, of Rogers-
ville ; and Jude F. Gallant, of Rogersville ; (a) the classes and quantities of ties ; (6) prices paid ; (c)
the places of delivery ; (c?) the number rejected ; (c) the name of the inspectors who represented the
government ; (/) the quantitj' and value of the ties in store at Rogersville at the time of stock taking
for the fiscal year 1904-5 ; (g) a copy of all correspondence, orders or papers of any nature in the
possession of the department of railways and canals, or any official thereof,^elating to the ordering,
purchasing, receiving, checking, inspecting, or refusing of any of said ties. Presented 19th June,
1906. — Mr. Ames Not printed.
186. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th May, 1906, showing the number of mail
contracts in Elgin County, giving location, number of miles, names of couriers, and prices paid ;
also date of commencement, date of expii-ation, and names of bondsmen ; also particulars of tenders,
if any were called for ; the name of each preceding contractor, with the name of courier, and the
price paid. Presented 19th June, 190 >.- Mr. Tngrarn ... Not printed.
187. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th May, 1906, showing : (1) What aid has
been given by the Dominion government to the government^ of the various provinces of the Do-
minion since confederation, for or towards the building of ]jrovincial railways, either bj^ original aid
or by ultimately bearing a share of the cost of such undertakings. (2) What railway subsidies or aids
originally granted or agreed to be granted, by the provinces respectively, have been ultimately paid
or borne by the Dominion in aid of such railways during such period. (3) What moneys have been
paid by the Dominion to the several provinces, respectively, during each such period for or in re-
spect of such railways or the stock or bonds thereof, i-espectively, purchased, acquired or taken over
in whole or in part by the Dominion. Presented 21st June, 1906.- J//-. Macdonell.
Printed for sessional papers.
188. Return to an order of the House of Commons, date:! 14th May, 1906, shosving what lands have been
selected by the Canadian Northern Railway Company, in accordance with the order in council of
10th August, 1903, in townships 15 to 20, both included, in ranges 9, 10, 11 and 12, west of 1st meri-
dian. Also any lands i-eserved for selection by the Canadian Northern Railway Company, in the
territory mentioned above, that may have reverted to the government bj- reason of the said company
not exercising its right of selection thereto before 31st December, 1905, in accordance with the pro-
visions of order in council of the 10th August, 1903. Presented 22nd June, 1906. — Mr. Roche
(Marquette ) .....*... Not printed.
■28
5 Edw. VIT. List of Sessional Papers. A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued.
188a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 9th May, 1906, showing all lands selected by
the Canadian Northern Railway Company from that portion of the lands reserved for selection by
the said company, in townships 15 to 20, both included, in ranges 9. 10, 11 and li?, west of 1st meri
dian. Also a return of all lands patf-nted to the nominees of the Canadian Northern Railway Com-
pany in the territory above-mentioned, and the names of the patentees, since 29th June, 1905. Pre-
sented 22nd June, 1906. — 3Ir. Roche (Marquette) Not printed.
189. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 21st Maj', 1906, for a copy of all petitions and
papers of everj' kind concerning the claims of certain retired servants of the Hudson's Bay Company,
under a deed of sale by the said company to Lord Selkirk in 1811. Presented 22nd June, 1906.—
Mr. McCraney .- \. Not printed,
189a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th July, 1905, for copies of all correspondence,
documents, and memorials between the government or any member thereof, and the Rev. James
Taylor, or any other person, on behalf of the retired servants of the Hudson's Bay Company, in
reference to their claim to a portion of the estate of the late Lord Selkirk. Presented 27th June,
1906. — Mr. Laviont Not printed .
190. Return in part to an address of the Senate, dated 27th AprO, 1906, for a statement of all accidents
that occurred on the Intercolonial Railway during the years 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 190.3
1904 and 1905, specifying each accident, whether by collision, derailing, fire or otherwise, and the
amount of damages of each such accident, mentioning the loualities where such accidents occurred.
Also the amount of losses each year, by theft or other-wise, of goods or freight, in transit, on the
Intercolonial Railway, for each year as above. Presented 22nd Jime, WOd—Hon. Mr. McDonald
(Cape Breton) Not printed.
191. Return showing : 1. Wiiat sums have been paid Messrs. Ahearn & Soper of Ottawa, in each year
since 1896. 2. For what supplies or services were these payments made. Presented 2.5th June,
1906, by Hon. C. S. Hyman Not printed.
192. Return showing the total sums that have been paid by the government to the Manitoba Free Press
and Der Nordwester Publishing Companies, for all services, for each of the financial years commenc-
ing 1st July, 1900, and ending 30th June, 1905. Presented 25th June, 1906, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
Not printed .
193. Return to an order of the House of Commc^ns, dated 9th May, 1906, for a copy of all correspondence,
inquiries with officials, engineers, solicitors, contractors and others, bearing upon the accident to the
wharf at Sorel, together with all documents in connection with the same. Presented 25th June, 1906.
— 3Ir. Blain Not printed .
194. Return to an address of the Senate, .lated 19th .Tune, 1906, calling for a statement since 1st Mai-ch,
1904, showing : 1. Which are, more particularly at (Quebec, Montreal and Ottawa, the newspapers, or
the printing companies or firms, which publish advertisements or printed documents on account of
the commissioners of the Transcontinental Railway. 2. How much has each of these newspapers
or of these concpanies or firms received, and what is the date of each payment. 3. For what kind of
services, advertisements, printing or puffs, and how much for each kind, have these newspapers or
these companies or firms been paid. Presented 25th June, 1906. — Hon. Mr. Landry. Not printed .
195. Retm-n to an order of the House of Commons, dated 23rd April, 1906, for a copy of all letters, cor-
respondence, papers, reports and accounts relating to the construction of a fish ladder at Cowie's
Dam, lower pulp mill, Milton, Queen's County, N.S, and of the accounts showing the cost of con-
struction of the said ladder, the amount paid for labour and material, and to whom paid. Presented
30th June, 1906.— Jfr Crocket Not printed.
196. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th April, 1906, showing, by townships, all
Indian lands sold or disposed of within the boundaries of the present electoral district of East and
West Algoma, during the years 1896 to 1905, both inclusive, with the names and addresses of
purchasers or lessees, and the prices paid or agreed to be paid, for such lands, by way of rental or
purchase money ; also showing, by townships, when the said purchases were completed, or when the
final paj'inents were made and the total amount paid for such lands ; also showing, by townships,
what agreements for sale are in default, and for what period the same have been in default ; also
showing what agreements for sale or lease, by townships, have been cancelled for non-payment of
purchase money or non-performance of conditions. Presented 3rd July, 1906. — Mr. Boyce.
Not printed.
29
5 Edw, VII. List of Sesional Papers. A. 190G
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14r-Contmued.
196a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th April, 190G, for a copy of all the returns
and reports made by Indian agents or other ofiieials in the « mployment of the government, having
charge of Indian lands in the territory now included wiohin the boundaries of the present electoral
districts of East and West Algoma, showing all sales, transactions and cancellations of lands in such
territory, from the 1st July, 1896, to the 1st A).ril, 1906. Presented 3rd July, 1906.— ^fr. Boi/ce.
Not printed.
197. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28lh May, 1906, for a copy all corresfwndence
between Joseph Rirm and the government in reference to the surface right for coal on the northeast
J of section 26, township 1, range 0, west of the 2nd meridian. Also a copy of all letters, papers and
telegrams, from any other party or parties in reference to the same. Presented otli July, lfM)6. — ilfr.
Roche (Marquette) Not printed.
198. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 19C6, for copies of all letters, tele-
grams, reports or other communications which, between the 1st of July, 1904, and the 3lst December,
190.5, passed between the Minister of the Interior, or any official of his departmer.t, on the one hand,
and (a) the Canadian Northern Railway Company ; (6) the Manitoba and Southeastern Railway Com-
pany ; (c) the Qu'Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railway Company, or any company to
whom any of said companies shall have transferred its land rights, in regard to the area in which
any of said coliipanies were to be permitted to select land due by way of subsidy. Presented 5th
July, 1906.— i»/r. Arnes Not jmnted.
199. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 21st March, 1906, showing : 1. The description
of all lands in Manitoba and the Northwest, formerly reserved for timber or hay purposes, to which
homestead entries have been granted since 1st January, 1905. 2. The date of decisions to open such
reservations for settlement. 3. The names of applicants, in order of application, on the books of the
various agencies and sub-agencies, for each quarter section, at the date when the entry was granted.
Presented 5th July, 1906.— ilfr. Lake Not printed.
200. Return to an order to the House of Commons, dated 21st March, 1906, showing the number of
applications for inspection received at the several land agencies in Manitoba and the Northwest for
each month of the years 1904 and 1905, from homesteaders desii'ing to secure their patents. 2. The
number of inspections made monthly from each agency. 3. The number of applications for inspec-
tion on file 1st January, 1906, at each agency. Presented 5th July, 1906. — Mr. Lake. .. Not printed.
201. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 2nd April, 1906, for copies of all correspond-
ence between the pilotage commissioners, the secretary of the Board of Pilot Commissioners, or any
of the officials of that board, at Sidney, Cape Breton, and the department of marine and fisheries,
or any of the officials of the said department, and all orders in council, regulations, memoranda,
books, documents and papers, showing ; (1) the amount paid into the pilots' retiring fund in each
year from the 31st December, 1896, to 31st December, 1905, respectively ; (2) the amount paid into
the pilots' widows' and orphans' relief fund from 31st December, 1896, to 31st December, 1905,
respectively ; (3) the disposition made of the said funds in each year during the above-mentioned
period ; the amount on hand on the 31st December, 1905 ; the interest it bears ; where it is deposit-
ed ; the security for its safety for the benefit of the widows and orphans of the pilots ; (4) the amount
on hand in these funds, respectively, on 31st December, 1896. Also all other corresjiondence, if any,
bearing on this matter. Presented 5th July, 1906. — Mr. Boyce Not printed.
202. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing [a] how many
wrecks occurred in the river and gulf of St. Lawrence during the season of 1905 ; (6) the names,
tonnage and character of the vessels so wrecked ; (c) whether such wreck resulted in a total loss of the
ship and cai-go, or either, in any and what cases ; (d) to what causes each of said wrecks were
attributable ; (e) whether any inquiry was held in any and what cases. Also for a copy of all reports,
evidence, correspondence, documents and papers, relating to or connected with the said wrecks, the
inquiries concerning the same, and the loss thereby occasioned. Presented 5th July, 1906. — Mr.
Borden (Carleton) Not printed .
202a. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 15th March, 1906, for a copy of all the instructions given,
of all the evidence heard, of the judgment rendered, and of all communications exchanged on the
subject of the wreck of the steamer Bavarian last autumn upon the Wye rocks, and of the inquiry
held thereinto, as well as of the correspondence exchanged between the department of marine and
fisheries and any person whomsoever regarding the choice of the judge holding the inquiry and of his
assessors. Presented 23rd April, 1906. — Hon. Mr. Landrii iV'o? printed
30
5 Edw. VII. List of Sessional Papers. " A. 1906
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14r— Concluded.
203. Retui-u to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th May, 1906, for copies of all correspondence
between any minister of any department ani the company of the port of Chicoiitimi or any other
company or person regarding the dredging of the Saguenay down to the present year. Presented
7th July, 1906. —Mr. Girard Not printed.
204t Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 23rd April, 1906, for a copy of all orders in
council, reports, letters, telegrams, communications, documents and papers of every kind, relating
to the establishment, acquisition, construction, enlargement and maintenance of a hospital for
trachoma patients at or near Halifax, N.S., including a statement of all sums of money expended in
connection therewith, whether for establishment, acquisition, construction, enlargement or main-
tenance ; also a statement of the person or persons to whom such moneys were paid, the amount
paid in each instance, as well as the date of payment, and generally all particulars concerning the
• said hospital from the time when it was first established. Presented 7th July, 1906. — Mr. Wilson,
(Lennox and Addington) Not printed.
205. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1906, showing in the case of every
homestead against which, during the year 1904 and 1905 a report of non-compliance mth the law,
or a demand for cancellation has been received by the Dominion land office or offices : giving (a) the
location of said quarter section range, township and meridian ; (6) the name and address of the party
by whom the original entry was made ; (c) the name and address of the partj' or parties (if there
have been several) who endeavoured to lodge cancellations ; [d] the reason alleged by complaints why
cancellation of entry should be allowed ; (e) whether warning of threatened cancellation was served
upon the alleged delinquent ; (/) the action taken by the department in each case. Presented 9th
July, 1906. — Mr. Amen Not printed.
206. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 30th April, 1906, showing in detail for each year
from 1891 to 1895, inclusive : 1. A statement of all goods supplied to Mr. Speaker's apartments, and
the amount paid therefor. 2. An inventory of all goods in the apartments taken on the vacation of
the office of Speaker, by Mr. Bain, Mr. Brodeur and Mr. Belcourt and any reports of the Clerk of the
House, the Serjeant-at-Arms, or other officer, with reference to the inventories, the goods supplied,
their condition and the care and disposition of the same. 3. A copy of, all corresjwndence had by
the Speaker, any member of the Internal Economy Commission, the Clerk of the House, the Audi-
tor General, or any of the other officers of the House of Commons, in reference to the purchase, pay-
ment, checking, distribution, replenishing, disposal or care of the same. 4. A copy of all resolutions
passed by the Internal Economy Commission in reference to the above matters. Presented 9th July,
1 906. — Mr. Lancaster Not printed.
207. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 23rd April, 1906, for copies of all correspon-
dence since 1896 between the Government of Canada, or any member thereof, and the German or
British Governments, or any person or persons officially or otherwise representing those govern-
ments ; and copies of all documents and papers in possession of the government, respecting the
tariffs of Gei-many and Canada, in relation to each other. Presented 11th July, 1906. — Mr. Arm-
stronrj Not printed.
31
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A. 1906
REPORT
OP TBffi
MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE
FOR THE
r)OM:iNio:^ of c^na.d^
FOR THE
YEAR ENDED OCTOBER 31
1905
PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT
OTTAWA
PRINTED BY.S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST
EXCELLENT MAJESTY
1906
Xo. 1.5—1906.]
5-6 EDWARD VII.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
A. 1906
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Minister's Report : —
PAGE.
I. General remarks . . . v
n. Arts and Agriculture xi
Branch of Dairy Commissioner xi
Dairy division xi
Cold Storage division xvi
Fruit division xviii
Extension of Markets division xxi
Branch of the Seed Commissioner xxv
Branch of Live Stock Commissioner xxxii
Poultry division xl
Exi)erimental Farm Branch xliii
Agricultural and Live Stock division xlv
Horticultural division xlvii
Entomological and Botanical division xlix
Chemistry division Hi
Cereal division liv
Poultry division Iv
Branch farms Ivi
General crops lix
Health of Animals Branch Ixiii
Archives Branch Ixvi
in. Patents of Invention lyi-r
IV. Copyright, Trade Marks, Industrial Designs and Timber Marks . . . Ixxiv
V. Public Health and Quarantine Ixxvi
VI. Census and Statistics Ixxviii
Miscellaneous 54
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A. 1906
REPORT
OF THE
MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE
1005
To His Excellency the Right Honourable Sir Albert Hemry George^ Earl Grey,
Viscount HowicTc, Baron Grey of HowicTc, in the County of Northumberland, in
the Peerage of the United Kingdom, and a Baronet j Knight Grand Cross of the
Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, <&c., &c.. Governor
General of Canada.
May it Please Your Excellency —
I have the honour to submit to Your Excellency the annual report of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture, for the year ended October 31, 1905.
1.— GENERAL REMARKS.
A synopsis of the operations of the department, which have been efficiently carried
out, is laid before Your Excellency.
The legislation affecting the department during the last session of Parliament
consisted of: —
Chapter 5, 4-5 Edward YIL, intituled ' An Act respecting the Census and Sta-
tistics.'
Chapter 6, 4-5 Edward VII., intituled ' An Act to amend the Census and Statistics
Act.'
Chapter 21, 4-5 Edward VII., intituled ' An Act to amend the Act respecting the
Incorporation of Live Stock Record Associations.'
Chapter 41, 4-5 Edward VII., intituled ' An Act to amend the Act respecting the
Inspection and Sale of Seeds.'
Chapter 44, 4-5 Edward VIL, intituled ' An Act to amend the Act respecting the
Packing and Sale of Staple Commodities.'
Chapter 45, 4-5 Edward VIL, intituled ' Aa Act respecting the Administration of
an Act respecting the Packing and Sale of certain Staple Commodities.'
15 — B
Ti DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Chapter 46, 4-5 Edward VII., intituled ' An Act respecting the Superintendent of
Insurance and the Director General of Public Health.'
By Order in Council of December 6, 1904, in virtue of the provisions of Section 29
of ' The Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903,' regulations relating to Hog Cholera
and Swine Plague were made and established. Vide Canada Gazette, vol. xxxviii.,
page 1421.
By Order in Council of December 23, 1904, in virtue of the provisions of Section
29 of the Act 3 Edward VII., Chapter 11, regulations relating to Actinomycosis were
made and established. Vide Canada Gazette, vol. xxxviii., page 1421.
By Order in Council of December 23, 1904, in virtue of the provisions of Section
29 of ' The Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903,' regulations respecting Tuberculosis
were made and established. Vide Canada Gazette, vol. xxxxiii., page 1422.
By Order in Council of March 25, 1905, in virtue of the provisions of Section 29
of the Act respecting infectious or contagious diseases affecting animals, the regula-
tions established by Order in Council of September 19, 1904, relating to a disease in
animals knowai as glanders, were rescinded and new regulations substituted in lieu
thereof. Vide Canada Gazette, vol. xxxviii., page 2117.
By Order in Council of March 31, 1905, in virtue of the provisions of Section 29
of the Act respecting infectious or contagious diseases affecting animals. Sections 35
to 52, inclusive (relating to Sheep Scab), of the general Order in Council of May 12,
1888, were rescinded and new regulations substituted therefor. Vide Canada Gazette,
vol. 38, page 2116.
By Order in Council of April 12, 1905, in virtue of the provisions of the Act re-
specting infectious or contagious diseases affecting animals, it was ordered : — ■
That Section 4 of the regulations relating to animals quarantine established by
the Order in Council of March 30, 1904, be amended by striking out the word ' Sidley '
in the ninth line and inserting the word ' Osoyoos ' in lieu thereof.
That the following section to be designated as section 4a be added to the regula-
tions : —
' The Minister of Agriculture is hereby empowered to cancel as quarantine and
inspection stations any of the placets above named and to select such other sites in ex-
change for or in addition to the above as he may from time to time deem expedient.'
That the words ' other than horses ' be inserted after the word ' animals ' in the
first line of section 5a. Vide Canada Gazette, vol. xxxviii., page 2241.
Canada's participation in International Exhibitions during the past few years has
been of marked benefit in attracting the attention of both agricultural and industrial
classes to the Dominion, and in this way has materially assisted immigration.
REPORT OF THE MINISTER vii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
A full report of the work done in connection with the Louisiana Purchase Exposi-
tion held in St. Louis, U.S.A., from April 30 to November 30, 1904, to which reference
was made in my report of last year, will be found as an appendix hereto attached.
The Exhibition Branch of my department' arranged for the installation of the
Experimental Farm exhibit at the Dominion Exhibition held at New Westminster,
B.C., from September 27 to October 7, 1905. The exhibit consisted of the products of
the western Experimental Farm. The leading feature of the exlaibit was the endless
variety of fruits from the Experimental Farm at Agassiz, B.C. This part of the
exhibit did much to bring to the attention of visitors to the exhibition the great pos-
sibilities of British Columbia as a fruit growing country.
Since presenting my last annual report my exhibition commissioner and his stafl
have not been idle. It having been decided that Canada should participate in the
Universal and International Exhibition which opened in Liege, Belgium, last April,
and also in the Western Pennsylvania Exhibition held in Pittsburg during the
months of August and September last, every effort was made to get together attractive
exhibits. These efforts were most successful and the various exhibits prepared re-
flected credit on those to whom the work was entrusted.
The Pittsburg Exhibition attracted visitors from Ohio, Western Virginia, Mary-
land and Pennsylvania. This territory is considered one of the best fields in the
United States for promoting immigration to Canada. Our exhibits consisted of speci-
mens of agriculture, fruits, maple sugar, honey, cheese and food products generally.
The size, prominent location and excellent arrangement of our exhibit gave it the first
place among the attractions of the exhibition, and was widely advertised by the man-
agement as one of the leading features of their exhibition.
In addition to our own staff, immigration officers from the Department of the
Interior were in attendance, and I am pleased to state that as a direct result of our
work there, we can show where many persons have already gone to the Northwest,
and that the coming spring will see a considerable influx into Canada from this ter-
ritory.
Our participation in the Liege Exhibition has been most successful. We occu-
pied a building of our own, and it is no exaggeration to state that the Canadian
Palace, as it was called, received more visitors than any other section of the entire
exhibition.
Our exhibits consisted of comprehensive collections of agriculture, horticultvire,
forestry, fish and game, mines and mining and manufactured articles. In all these
departments the greatest interest was aroused, and the advertisement which resulted
from the several displays was not confined alone to the visitors to the exhibition, but
practically to the whole continent of Europe. Never before has a knowledge of the
immense resources of Canada been disseminated among a larger number of people
in the same space of time.
15— Bi
viii DrWARTMEyT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1906
Descriptive literature about Canada was prepared in different languages and dis-
tributed judiciously among the visitors to the exposition.
A complete staff of immigration officers and assistants were constantly engaged in
giving information to those wishing to find a home in Canada.
A complete report on this exhibition is in course of preparation, and will appear in
my annual report for next year.
Until the year 1900 there was no Dominion legislation providing for the incorpora-
tion of Live Stock Record Associations. For some years previous the Holstein
Friesian Association of Canada had agitated for incorporation under Dominion Act,
and during the session of 1900 the Act respecting the Incorporation of Live Stock
Associations (Vict. 63-64, chap. 35) was assented to.
This Act provides for the incorporation of not more than one association for each
■distinct breed of horses, cattle, sheep and swine, and under its provisions the following
Record Associations have been granted Dominion incorporation : —
The Holstein Friesian Association of Canada.
The Dominion Shorthorn Breeders' Association.
The Clydesdale Horse Association of Canada.
The Canadian Hackney Horse Society.
The Shire Horse Association of Canada.
The Canadian Hereford Breeders' Association.
The Canadian Ayrshire Breeders' Association.
The Canadian Jersey Cattle Club.
The North American Galloway Association.
The Dominion Swine Breeders' Association.
Prior and subsequently to the passing of the Act, a number of lesser record asso-
ciations for the various breeders were formed in the outlying provinces. This multi-
plication of records was fast becoming a source of confusion, preventing harmony
among the breeders from the different sections of the Dominion, and creating a hind-
rance to interprovincial trade in pure bred live stock.
At the first annual convention of the Canadian National Live Stock Association,
convened at Ottawa, in March of 1904, by the Dominion Live Stock Commissioner,
under my direction, the unanimous wishes of the pure bred stock breeders of the
Dominion were voiced in the following resolutions :—
(a.) That Canadian records of pure bred stock be made national in character and
scope.
(&.) That there should not be more than one record for each breed in Canada.
(c.) That the records should be kept imder the respective breed associations, pro-
vision being made to give proportionate representation to the breeders of each province,
and that the administration of the records be conducted through the Department of
Agriculture at Ottawa.
REPORT OF TEE MINISTER ix
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
(d.) That the Dominion Minister of Agriculture be requested to assume the
administration of the National Live Stock Eecords, under the Act in that behalf.
(e.) That the Dominion Government be respectfully requested to provide for the
aflSxing of a proper seal to pedigree certificates, signifying their endorsation of regis-
tration.
(f .) That the Dominion Minister of Agriculture be urged to make provision in the
estimates for a sufficient sum to provide for the administration of the national records
of live stock, and representation at the meetings of breed societies from the outlying
provinces of Canada.
In order to meet the wishes of this representative body, the Live Stock Commis-
sioner, by my direction, negotiated with the individual breed societies at their annual
meetings in February, of 1905, with a view to having them enter the national scheme
At these several meetings it was resolved by the Canadian Ayrshire Breeders, the
Clydesdale Horse Association, the Shire Horse Association of Canada, the Canadian
Hereford Breeders, the Dominion Swine Breeders Association, the Dominion Short-
horn Breeders Association, the Canadian Hackney Horse Society, the Canadian Jersey
Cattle Club, and the Galloway Breeders, that they at once proceed to nationalize their
associations and records, and that the head offices be removed to Ottawa. Committees
were named from each of these associations with power to complete arrangements.
In April of this year (1905) a joint meeting of the committees from these various
associations was called at Ottawa, during the time of the second annual convention of
the Canadian National Live Stock Association, when an agreement between the associa-
tions and the Department of Agriculture was submitted, and approved of and signed
by the members of the committees on behalf of their respective associations.
This agreement provides that the several record associations shall continue to
manage their own affairs and records, and handle their own funds under the provisions
of the Act ; that the office of the Registrar shall be at Ottawa, and all certificates shall
be issued therefrom ; that under the direction of the Minister of Agriculture, an officer
set apart for the purpose shall inspect and approve all certificates, and shall thereupon
affix the seal supplied by the department; that the Department of Agriculture shall
supply an office heated and lighted for the use of the Registrars and other persons
similarly employed, and all official stationery and blank forms, together with the regular
postal messenger service.
At this joint meeting the committees • from the several associations were formed
into a National Record Board, with an executive Record Committee comprising one
member each to represent light horses, heavy horses, beef cattle, dairy cattle, sheep
and swine. The Record Board to be made up in future of committees chosen by each
incorporated association at the close of their annual meejing each year; said board
to deal with questions in which the societies are jointly interested. The Record Com-
mittee of this board, acting under the control of and with the approval of the National
Record Board to have the powers of a managing director.
X DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
It was further decided at this meeting to appoint an accountant or chief clerk,
whose duties would be to receive all moneys paid in connection with the records, and
deposit them in a local bank to the credit of the several associations to which they
respectively belonged; to supervise the work of the several registrars; and generally
to represent and act for the executive committee of the board at Ottawa. This appoint-
ment was subsequently made.
To give effect to the plan adopted at the meeting, it was found necessary to amend
the Act Respecting the Incorporation of Live Stock Record Associations, by passing
the Act 4-5, Edward VII., Chapter 21. Section 5 of this Act provides for ' The
exercise in conjunction with any other association or associations incorporated under
this Act, of any of its powers or functions through a common officer or officers to be
appointed by such associations,' Section 14 provides that the Minister of Agriculture
may, through an officer of his department, approve, under the hand of that officer and
the seal of his department, the certificates of registration issued by the national
associations.
Arrangements have been made with the governments of New Brunswick, Nova
Scotia, Quebec and the Northwest Territories, whereby the unincorporated records
conducted in these provinces were closed to registration on the first day of May of this
year and the'r records and books of i-egistration transfen'e<l to the Dominion Depart-
ment of Agriculture. These records have been merged with the National Records at
Ottawa, all animals eligible for registration in the corresponding nationalized book
being transferred thereto free of charge to their owners.
The several record associations named herein now conduct their business and
issue certificates of registration from Ottawa, each certificate being inspected and
approved by an officer appointed by the Minister before having the seal affixed thereto.
Arrangements are being completed whereby the French-Canadian Horse Breeders'
Association of Canada, the French-Canadian Cattle Breeders' Association of Canada,
the Canadian-Belgian Draft Horse Breeders' Association, the Canadian Guernsey
Cattle Breeders' Association, and the Canadian Aberdeen Angus Association, will be
incorporated under the Act in that behalf when the certificates of registration for each
of these breeds will be issued from a head office at Ottawa under government endorsa-
tion, as in the case of the other records.
In my endeavour to improve the Canadian tobacco industry, I came to the con-
clusion that in order to materially do so it was absolutely necessary to engage an
expert from outside the Dominion to instruct the growers in the best methods of
cultivating and marketing this product. After much inquiry the services of Mr.
Felix Charlan, an officer under the government of France, were obtained through the
kindness and assistance of that government. In order that his services might be of
benefit this year it was necessary that he should come to Canada at once so that he
might see some of the tobacco crop prior to its being harvested, and also to observe the
methods of harvesting and curing now practiced in the Dominion. Mr. Charlan has
lately arrived in Canada and his services will be utilized during the coming winter.
In my report for next year I shall be able to give a full account of the results of his
labours.
REPORT OF THE UlMsTER x'
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
II.— ARTS AND AGRICULTURE.
DAIRY COMMISSIONER'S BRANCH.
The woi-k assigned to the Dairy Commissioner is carried on under four heads oi'
divisions, viz., the ' Dairy,' ' Fruit,' ' Extension of Markets ' and the ' Cold Storr.ge '
divisions. There are ' chiefs ' at the head of the Fruit and Extension of Markets
divisions who report to the Dairy Commissioner, and the Dairy and the Cold Storage
divisions come directly under the Commissioner.
The Dairy Commissioner visited the markets of Great Britain and also some of
the dairying districts of the continent of Europe during the past summer. The in-
formation thus obtained, concerning the requirements and tendencies of the trade in
dairy produce, fruit, &c.j will be valuable to the producers of these products, as will also
be the knowledge gained concerning the manufacture of butter and cheese in those dis-
tricts which now have the reputation of setting the world's standards of quality for
these products. The cordial reception extended to Mr. Ruddick as a representative
of the Dominion Department of AgTiculture, and the prominence given to his visit by
the English press are evidences of the important place which Canadian produce occu-
pies in the old country markets.
PUBLICATIONS.
The following bulletins have been issued by the Dairy Commissioner's branch dur-
ing the year. Copies will be sent to all who apply for them :■ — -
No. 1. — List of Some British Importers of Farm Products.
No. 2. — Care of Milk for Cheese Factories.
No. 3. — Milk for Creameries.
No. 4. — A Report on Some Phases of Dairying in Denmark.
No. 5. — Improvement of Dairy Herds.
No. 6. — Chemical Investigations Relating to Dairying L'ndertaken in 1904.
No. 7. — List of Exporters of Some Canadian Products.
Further reference to the work of this branch will be clearer if made under the
four heads or divisions.
DAIRY DIVISION.
PRODUCTIOX OF CHEESE AND BUTTER.
/ The past season was one of the most successful in the history of the Canadian
dairy industry. Conditions were favourable for the production of a large quantity of
milk, and high prices prevailed all summer for both butter and cheese. The quantity
of cheese exported up to June 30, 1905, shows a slight falling oS as compared wdth the
previous twelve months, biit the decrease is accounted for by the increase in the quan-
tity of butter for the same period. The indications are that when the returns are com-
plete for the season of 1906, the production of cheese will be found to be equal to that
of 1904, while the increase in the quantity of butter manufactured will be something
like twenty per cent over last year.
xli
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
CANADIAX BUTTER AND CHEESE IN THE MARKETS OF GREAT BRITAIN.
Canadian cheese continues to hold the premier place in the markets of Great
Britain. A comparatively small quantity is received from New Zealand and the
United. States. The consumption of cheese in England is showing some increase, owing
to the better condition of Canadian cheese on arrival during the summer months.
Canadian butter has made gi-eat progress in the estimation of the British importers
and dealers during the past season, and a relatively higher price has been received for
it than ever before. The outlook for the Canadian butter trade is exceedingly bright
at present.
IMPROVED FACILITIES FOR THE HANDLING OF PERISHABLE PRODUCTS AT BRITISH PORTS.
The provision trades associations, the dock companies and other authorities at the
various ports in Great Britain are moving in the direction of providing better facili-
ties for receiving butter, cheese and other perishable products as discharged from the
cold storage and cool air compartments of the steamships. Excellent arrangements
have been carried out during the past year at the port of London, by means of which
Canadian butter, cheese and bacon are now discharged from the steamers direct into
warehouses having suitable temperatures for each product. Large sums of money have
been spent in equipping these warehouses with the very best appliances for handling
the goods in the most expeditious and careful manner. Movements are on foot at
other ports to secure similar facilities. The improvements mentioned are already
credited with having considerably increased the consumption of and improved the de-
mand for Canadian produce during the past season.
Dominion of Canada — Exports of Dairy Products — Home Production.
BUTTER.
Year.
1869
1880
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
Quantity.
Value.
Lbs.
10.649,733
18,535,362
1,951,585;
3,768. lOll
5,736.6961
7,036,0131
5,534,621 !
3,650,258;
5,889,241'
11,453,-351
11,2.53,787
20,139,195
25.2.59,737
16,.3.35,528
27,855,978
.34,128,944
24,.568,001|
31,764,-303
1,698,042
3,058,069
.340,131
602,175
1,056,058
1 296,814
1 ,095,588
697,476
1,052,089
2,089,173
2,046,686
3,700,873
5,122,156
3,295,663
5,660,-541
6,954,618
4,724,155
5,930,379
To I To
Great United To
Britain. States. France
S
-534
2,756
184
440
877
1,118
936
536
893
1,912
1.915
3,526
4,94
3,142
5,4.59
6,-554
4,400
5,568
7071
064
105,
060
4551
,614'
422|
797
053!
-3891
550
,007
,000,
353
300
014
774
,999
1,125
015,702
111,158
5,059
10,054
6,038
7.539
6,048
5,365
2,729
6,233
3,738|
3,984
5,044!
5,839
41,149
10,225
6,497 14
70,580 14,440
To Other
Ger- Foreign B. N. A.
many. Coun- Pro-
I tries, i vinces.
British
Indies.
1,4961
20.447
5,160
1,175
267
9,370
8,513
17.574
12.-384
7,210
101
13
25,644
14,870
24,710
29,342
24,021
27.207
35,042
25,560
35,028
.34,299
33,490
31,6191
41,810J
43,176;
39,675
36,109
198,381.
75,014
113.650
95,777
163,290
119,989
101.649
133,770
127,412
109,263
108,439
105.472
115,7-54
51,045
74,813
66,069
44,986
47,066
69.017
88,422,
82,387|
26,986
2,647
1,636
5,944
6,428
7,032
14,170
11, .580
7,166
12,794
27,160
41,875
53,657
62,810
71,816
112,968
127,790
80.323
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
REPORT OF THE MINISTER
CHEESE.
Year.
Quantity.
Value.
To
Great
Britain.
To
United
States.
Other
Foreign
Coun-
tries.
B. X. A.
Pro-
\'inces.
Britisli
Indies.
1S68
1880
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
190.3
1904
1905
Lbs.
6, 141. .570
40,368,678
94,260.187
106,202.140
118,270,052
133.946.365
154.977,480
146,004.6.50
164.689.123
164.220.699
196,703..323
189,827,8.39
185.984,430
195,928..397
200,946,401
229,099,925
233,980,716
215,7.33.2.59
•S
620.543
3,893.366
9,372.212
9,. 508. 800
11.652,412
13.407,470
15.488,191
14,253.002
13.9.56.571
14,676.239
17,.572,763
16,776.765
19,8.56,324
20,696,951
19,686,281
24,712,943
24.184,566
20,300,.500
.548,574
3,772,769
9,.349,731
9,481,373
11.593,690
13,360,237
15,439,198
14.220,505
13.924,672
14,645,850
17..522,681:
16,718,418
19.812,670
20,609.361
19.620.2.39
24,620.004
24,099,004^
20,174,211,
68,784
114,.507
6,425
13,485
.39, .558
23,578
9,-552
5,058
10.3.59
4.486
14,604
17,739;
4,836
37,601
12.038
7,779
5,386
14,182
891
170
2,1.54
1,9.54
2,124
2,689
3,036
5,463
4,861
5,36.5
6,8.S9
11,701
8,774
15,375
14,133
18,942
23,810
39,696
1,594
5,710
12,777
9,104
12,942
18,679
21.948
9,785
7,509
11,954
12,784
13,293
16,651
16,603
20,100
21,334
21,754
35,171
340
210
755
3,884
4,091
2,297
14,284
12,175
8,871
8,457
14,377
15,614
13,393
17,534
18,602
44,714
34,568
36,176
COOL CHEESE CURIXG ROOMS.
The cool cheese curing rooms at "Woodstock, Brockville, Cowansville and St.
Hyacinthe were again operated by the department. It was considered advisable to
continue this work for the sake of having a considerable quantity of cheese properly
cool-cured placed on the market. Cheese coming from these rooms in fairly large
quantities attract much more attention than would scattered lots from various factories.
The curing rooms have now been in operation since the season of 1902, and during
that period a total of 151,826 boxes of cheese have been cured at these establishments.
The merchants in Great Britain are beginning to appreciate the improvement in the
quality of the cool-cured cheese, and some of the largest dealers have attributed the
good demand, at higher prices, which has prevailed during the past season, to the
general tendency to employ lower temperatures in the handling of cheese during
summer months.
The following letters, addressed to Hodgson Bros., Montreal, from Messrs. Wall
& Co., Manchester, one of the largest dealers in Canadian cheese, need no comment :
' 13 GREEywooD St.,
' Manchester, October 24, 1905.
' Messrs. Hodgsox Bros.,
' Montreal.
' Dear Sirs, — On going through cheese marked " Hollybush 20/30, " with one of
our most prominent customers this morning, we were much struck with the lots marked
Ko. 23 and 26. On examining these we found that the difference between these two
lots and the others appears to arise from the fact that they have been cured in a cool
xiv DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
room. The No. 27 also have been treated in the same way, but are much riper. Alto-
gether these three lots of cheese stand out from the others such a long way that we
thought it worth while writing you about them, and if you can impress upon makers
to have all their cheese done in this way you will confer an enormous benefit on the
trade. Cheese like these are a treat to handle, and it is astonishing that the old system
should be continued in the face of such marked improvement.
' Yours faithfully,
' (Sgd.) WALL & CO. (MANCHESTER) LTD.'
13 Greenwood St.,
' Manchester, October 26, 1905.
Messers. Hodgson Bros.,
' Montreal.
* Dear Sirs, — Further to our letter of Tuesday regarding cheese cured in a govern-
ment cooling room. We have weighed these for average, and find that they gain in
weight over box weights, and we think this is as it ought to be. The customer who
buys them is delighted when he gets full weight, because in ordinary Canadian cheese
he does not, after he has made allowance for the cloths. We are so impressed with the
value and the out-turn of these cheese that we want you to do all you can to have all
cheese cured in the same way. The trade would be so much more pleasant, and we
believe the consumption of cheese would be increased by goods of this kind.
' Yours faithfully,
' (Sgd.) WALL & CO. (MANCHESTER) LTD.'
I am informed that a great many cheese factories, especially in Ontario, have
already improved their curing rooms as a result of the illustration afforded by the
operation of the government cool curing rooms.
government creameries in alberta and SASKATCHEWAN.
Creameries were operated by the Department of Agriculture, under the direct
supervision of the Dairy Commissioner, during the season of 1905, at the following
places in Alberta: Calgary, Olds, Tindastoll, Red Deer, Blackfalds, Lacombe, Wet-
askiwin, Beaver Hills, Evarts, Earlville, Clover Bar and Innisfail.
Those operated in Saskatchewan are at: Churchbridge, Tantallon, South Qu'-
Appelle and Moosomin.
The output of the ' government ' creameries in Alberta for the first five months
of this season shows an increase of 78 per cent over the output for the corresponding
months of 1904. The butter has been easily disposed of at good prices. A largely
increased quantity has been shipped this year to the Orient and to the Yukon Terri-
tory. The consumption of butter in the local, British Columbian and Northern
markets appears to be growing faster than the production, and the outlook for dairy-
ing in this part of the Dominion, as in other parts, is full of promise for the future.
REPORT OF THE UIXISTER sv
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
SHIPMENTS OF BUTTER TO THE ORIENT.
The shipments of butter from the government creameries to Japan again show
considerable increase, and there are indications that this market will provide an outlet
for a considerable quantity of Northwest butter in the future. The trade is in its
infancy, but it is growing steadily. The consumption of butter in Japan has in the
past been confined largely to European residents, but the Japanese are now cultivating
a taste for this article of diet and there is likely to be an increased demand in the
future. The Dairy Coromissioner has been instructed to foster the trade with Japan
as much as possible, with a view of providing a satisfactory outlet in the future for
the product of the creameries of the iSTorthwest and British Columbia,
NOVA SCOTU CREAMERIES.
The dairy station at Nappan has been closed. The creamery at Mabou was not in
operation last season, although the promoters of this establishment hope to have it
going again when the conditions are more favourable. The creamery at Scotsburn is
still operated by the department.
IMPROVEMENT OF DAIRY HERDS.
A further effort has been made during the year to awaken an interest in this
important matter. Individual tests of 1,352 cows in 118 herds at 7 cheese factories
located in dairying centres, were conducted for thirty-day periods durilig the past
summer. It is hoped that this preliminary work, which shows the great difference there
is in the productiveness of cows of the same breed under exactly similar treatment,
will result in suffieient interest being aroused to induce dairy farmers to organize for
the purpose of keeping yearly records of the individual cows in their herds. There
i& no line of effort in connection with the whole dairy industry that offers a better field
for increasing the profits from dairy farming. Bulletin No. 5 of the Dairy Commis-
sioner's Branch, on ' The Improvement of Dairy Herds,' deals with this question, and
if; available for distribution. It gives a number of interesting comparative records of
herds and individual cows.
OFFICIAL REFEREE OF BUTTER AND CHEESE AT MONTREAL.
Cheese and butter are freqiiently purchased in the country, subject to inspection
at Montreal. If on inspection the purchaser finds the quality is not up to grade upon
the basis of which the price was fixed, the usual course is to ' cut ' the price agreed
upon, and the assumption is that the so-called cut corresponds with the seriousness
of the defect or defects in the quality. In order to secure an independent judgment
in such cases, the official referee may be called in by either the buyer or salesman.
After examination the referee makes his report in triplicate, gives one copy to the
buyer, sends another to the salesman and retains the third for future reference.
Naturally the referee is called in to examine only those lots that are considered by
the purchaser to be under grade. The following summary of the official referee's ex-
aminations from ]\[ay 1 to November 8, 1905, shows that the referee's judgment some-
times reverses that of the buyer.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
First Grade.
Second
Grade.
Third Grade.
Total,
All Grades.
Pkgs.
Lots.
Pkgs.
Lots.
Pkgs.
Lots.
Pkgs.
Lots.
Butter
440
2 415
11
43
14,487
73,806
354
1,383
2,020
17,480
64
405
16 947
Aoa
Cheese
9.3 701 1 s*^!
'
DAIRY CLASSES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA.
A member of the Dairy Commissioner's staff visited British Columbia during the
year and conducted classes in buttermaking and allied subjects at different dairying
centres. Demonstrations in buttermaking were also given at the Dominion Exhibition
held at New Westminster.
COLD STOEAGE DIVISION.
COLD STORAGE AND COOLED AIR ON STEAMSHIPS.
No further subsidies have been paid the steamship companies for the fitting up
of steamer§ with cold storage or ' cooled air ' space. The various steamships of the
lines trading from Montreal to British ports are now provided with all of this class
of accommodation that is reqxiired,' and in placing new steamers on the various routes,
the owners have availed themselves of the latest improvements in marine refrigera-
tion. ■ The cooled air service for the carriage of cheese continues to grow in favour.
The following statement gives the number of cold storage and cooled air steamers
that sailed from Montreal for British ports during the season of 190-5, with the com-
bined space in cubic feet for each class of storage: —
Sailed to.
Cold Storage. [ Cooled Air.
Liverpool. .
London . . .
10
14
9
6
2
Cu. Ft.
208,117
216,358
144,708
265,271
16,000
Cu. Ft.
94.710
442,670
Glasgow ....
18,000
Bristol
18,291
Manchester
Total
41
39
850,454
748,709
573,671
Total in 1904
412,480
Increase
2
101,745
161,191
REPORT OF THE MIXISTEll xvii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
As thes? steamers will easily average 5 trips each during the season, the total
available space for the season amounted to at least 4,252,270 cubic feet of cold storage
and 2,868,355 cubic feet of cooled air. A number of the cold storage steamers have
no cooled air space, but the available space of both kinds is sufficient to accommodate
all the traffic.
THERMOGRAPHS.
Thermographs belonging to the Department of Agriculture were placed by the
inspectors of the Extension of ]\rarkets Division, in chambers carrying perishable
products, as follows: —
Products.
Cold Storage.
Cooled Air.
Ordinary Storage.
Butter
Cheese
Apples
Fruit (soft)
Meats
Apples and meats .
Cheese and meats .
Fruit and meat. . .
Cheese and apples
Lard
167
1
14
9
1
2
3
3
14
4
1
4
22
11
201
42
34
The total number of thermographs placed was 277, or 51 more than during any
previous season. Tlie thermograph records are removed from the injstruments by
the cargo inspectors employed by the department at the various ports in Great Bri-
tain, and at once returned to Ottawa. Photographic copies are then made, and sup-
plied on request to the interested steamship agents or shippers, and a copy of every
record is posted on the Board of Trade at Montreal.
ICED CARS FOR BUTTER.
Arrangements were again made with the various railway companies to run a
regular service of iced refrigerator cars for the carriage of butter only, from May 8 to
October 21, on 63 different routes to Montreal. The department guaranteed two-thirds
of the earnings of a minimum car (20,000 pounds) plus $4 a car for icing. When the
earnings exceeded the guarantee there was no charge against the department. If the
traffic on any route exceeded one carload, the whole service on that route was held to
be self-sustaining, and no claim could be made on the Department, even if the earnings
of the extra cars did not reach the amount of the guarantee.
xviii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Although four new routes were estabHshed and the service was begun a week
earlier and continued a week later than in previous years, the subsidies claimed under
the guarantee are smaller than in 1904, owing to the increase in the traffic.
EXPERIMENTS IN COLD STORAGE CONSTRUCTION.
A series of experiments planned to secure some positive data concerning the rela-
tive value of different materials and different combinations of the same material for
insulating purposes, was carried out during the past summer. The results are now be-
ing compiled for the Dairy Commissioner's report. The information will be valuable
for creamery owners who have cold storage chambers to build, and for cheese factory
owners desiring to provide cool curing rooms.
COLD STORAGE AT CREAIIERIES.
There is constant improvement being made in the cold storage facilities at the
creameries throughout the country. Buttermakers and creamery managers are begin-
ning to realize more fully the importance of a low temperature for the keeping of
butter. The Department of Agriculture continued the plan of paying a bonus of $100
to every creamery owner who constructed a cold storage according to plans and specifi-
cations furnished and who complied with certain other conditions regarding the tem-
perature to be maintained and the quantity of butter to be manufactured. Fifty-three
applications for the bonus have been received by the department during the past year.
FRUIT DIVISIOAL
ADMINISTRATION OF THE FRUIT MARKS ACT.
During the shipping season, from August to March, the staff of the Fruit Division
is largely engaged in the enforcement of the Fruit Marks Act. The good effect of the
work of the fruit inspectors is becoming very evident in the improvement in packing
and grading, which is the characteristic of this year's apple trade. The large dealers
have expressed their satisfaction with the working of the Act, and have come to look
upon it as one of the safeguards of the trade. The only serious criticism of the Act is
that it do^ not supply a definition for No. 2 fruit. Both dealers and growers have
expressed their desire for this legal definition, but so far they have not been able to
agree upon what would constitute No. 2 fruit.
From May till August the fruit inspectors visited the large producing and distri-
buting centres for small fruits to the very great improvement in the grading and pack-
ing of these fruits for the domestic markets.
INSPECTIONS UNDER THE FRUIT MARKS ACT.
The following statistics for the year will indicate the scope of the inspection
work : —
Total number of inspections 1,641
Total number of packages examined 10,798
Number of packages in lots inspected 212,-348
Number of packers whose fruit was examined 811
REPORT OF THE MIXISTER xix
SESSION'AL PAPER No. 15
Only 4 packers violated section 7 (over-facing) tv.ice.
Only 11 packers violated section 6 (over-grading) more than twice.
The foregoing figures show that there has been no attempt to undertake the inspec-
tion of all fruit. There is no reason why local authorities, dealers or consumers should
not prosecute in cases of violation of any of the provisions of the Act.
FRUIT MEETIXGS.
During the late winter and spring months the inspectors were engaged at orchard
meetings, discussing all branches of practical fruit growing, but paying special atten-
tion to the work that bore more particularly upon the enforcement of the Fruit Marks
Act. Ten of these meetings were held in British Columbia, seventy-five in Ontario,
forty-five in Quebec, ten in Xew Brunswick, sixteen in Nova Scotia and twenty-one
in Prince Edward Island.
^'SPECTORS' CORRESPOXDEXCE.
x\s a means of education the inspectors have carried on a very large correspondence
with fruit growers whose packing and grading was susceptible of improvement.
POWER SPRAYIXG DEilOXSTRATIOXS.
These were conducted in the Annapolis valley, Nova Scotia, and were eminently
successful. Unsprayed orchards in the neighbourhood have yielded a very large per-
centage of unmarketable apples. I am informed that every orchard sprayed by the
Fruit Division, upon which we have a report, shows a most gratifying percentage of
perfectly clean and sound fruit.
The demonstrations in Ontario were discontinued this year inasmuch as the pro-
vincial government undertook the work at three or four points in apple sections.
BULLETINS.
Bulletins are published from time to time dealing with special phases of the fruit
growing industry.
NAMING VARIETIES.
One of the evils of the apple trade is the confusing number of varieties, and the
consequent misnaming of many of them. From the fact that section 4 of the Fruit
Marks Act makes it obligatory that the proper name of the variety should be in-
delibly marked upon the package, the Fruit Division is ready to offer every facility for
naming doubtful varieties.
PACKING DEMONSTRATIONS.
Packing demonstrations were held at the Fruit, Flower and Honey Show, Toronto,
as well as at many of the principal local fairs in 1904. In addition to the regular staff
in connection with this work, Mr. B. T. Boies, an exjjert from the Coldstream ranch,
Vernon, B.C., was engaged to attend meetings during the months of September and
October, 1905, giving special attention to box packing for apples and pears, as well as
peaches and plums in districts growing these fruits. Mr. Boies visited Prince Edward
Island, Nova Scotia, Xew Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario.
XX DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
EXPERIMENTAL SHIPMENTS.
The fruit growers of St. Catharines asked the co-operation of the Fruit Division
in a series of experimental shipments of fruit to Winnipeg in iced and ventilated cars.
The fruit of each car was inspected at the shipping point by a fruit inspector, and the
condition of the fruit was reported by another inspector on the arrival of the car in
Winnipeg. To make a still more thorough investigation an inspector accompanied one
car throughout the whole journey. A most important feature of these shipments was
the records of the thermographs installed by the Markets Division.
FRUIT CROP REPORTS.
The fruit crop reports were continued this year on the same lines as last year, but
with a very largely increased number of correspondents. This added materially to
their value and rendered them a safer basis upon which all parties interested might
act. In addition to the information upon the fruit crop the Fruit Division received
a vast amount of information upon the ravages of insect and fungous pests, and was
able in almost every case to suggest a remedy.
PACKAGES.
Pursuant to the amendments to the Act ' respecting the packing and sale of cer-
tain staple commodities,' passed at the last session of parliament, sections 4 and 5 of
this Act, which define the size of apple barrels and boxes, berry boxes and fruit baskets,
were transferred to the Department of Agriculture for administration. These sections,
as amended, are herewith given for general information : —
AN ACT RESPECTING THE PACKING AND SALE OF CERTALN STAPLE COMMODITIES.
Sec. 4. All apples packed in Canada for export for sale by the barrel in closed
barrels shall be packed in good and strong barrels of seasoned wood, having dimensions
not less than the following, namely: twenty-six inches and one-fourth between the
heads, inside measure, and a head diameter of seventeen inches, and a middle diameter
of eighteen inches and one-half, representing as nearly as possible ninety-six quarts.
2. When apples, pears or quinces are sold by the barrel, as a measure of capacity,
such barrel shall not be of lesser dimensions than those specified in this section.
3. Every person who offers or exposes for sale, or who packs for exportation,
apples, pears or quinces by the barrel, otherwise than in accordance with the foregoing
provisions of this section, shall be liable, on summary conviction, to a penalty of
twenty-five cents for each barrel of apples, pears or quinces so offered or exposed for
sale or packed.
4 (a). W^ien apples are packed in Canada for export for sale by the box they shall
be packed in good and strong boxes of seasoned wood, the inside dimensions of which
shall not be less than ten inches in depth, eleven inches in width, and twenty inches in
length, representing as nearly as possible two thousand two hundred cubic inches.
2. Every person who, for export, offers or exposes for sale, or packs, apples by the
box otherwise than in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this section shall be
REPORT OF TEE MIXISTER xxi
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
liable, on summary conviction, to a penalty of twenty- five cents for each box of apples
so offered or exposed for sale or packed.
4 (b.) When apples are packed in boxes or barrek having trays or fillers wherein
it is intended to have a separate compartment for each apple, then the provisions of
sections 4 and 4 (a) shall not apply.
Sections 4 (a) and 4 (&) of this Act shall come into force on the first day of June,
one thousand nine hundred and six.
5. Every box of berries or currants offered for sale, and every berry box manu-
factured and offered for sale, in Canada shall be plainly marked on the side of the box,
in black letters at least half an inch square, with the word ' short,' unless it contains
when level-full as nearly exactly as practicable —
(a.) at least four-fifths of a quart, or
(&.) two-fifths of a quart.
2. Every basket of fruit offered for sale in Canada, unless stamped on the side
plainly in black letters at least three-quarters of an inch deep and wide, with the word
* quart ' in full, preceded with the minimum number of quarts, omitting fractions,
which the basket will hold when level-full, shall contain, when level-full, one or other
of the following quantities : —
(a.) fifteen quarts or more;
(&.) eleven quarts, and be five and three-quarter inches deep, perpendicularly,
inside measurement, as nearly exactly as practicable;
(c.) six and two-thirds quarts, and be four and five-eighths inches deep, per-
pendicularly, inside measurement, as nearly exactly as practicable; or
(d.) two and two-fifths quarts, as nearly exactly as practicable.
3. Every person who neglects to comply with any provision of this section, and
any person who sells or offers for sale any fruit or berry boxes in contravention of this
section, shall be liable, on summary conviction, to a fine of not less than twenty-five
cents for each basket or box so sold or offered for sale.
4. This section shall come into effect on the first day of February, one thousand
nine hundred and two.
THE EXTENSION OF MAEKETS DIVISION.
During the year under review the work of the Extension of Markets Division has
been continued along the lines indicated in last year's report.
HAY FOR SOUTH AFRICA.
In the month of March an order was obtained from the Imperial War OSice for
fourteen hundred tons of Canadian hay to be shipped to Durban, Natal. The hay was
forwarded, per steamers of the Canada-South Africa line, in three shipments — the first
from St. John, N.B., on April 22, and the second and third from Montreal on May 23
15 — c
xxii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
and June 1, respectively. There was joint inspection at the port of shipment by an
officer of my department and an officer representing the War Office. The three ship-
ments were landed at Durban in good condition and the quality of the hay has given
entire satisfaction.
TRADE INQUIRIES FROM EUROPE.
Owing to the participation of my department, during the past summer, in the
Universal Exposition of Liege, Belgium, numerous letters have been received by the
Extension of Markets Division from firms in Belgium, Germany and other continental
countries, who are desirous of establishing business relations with Canadian shippers
of farm and food products. In every case these inquiries have been placed before
Canadian firms concerned, and it is hoped that business satisfactory to both parties
will result.
INSPECTORS AT CANADIAN PORTS.
Four cargo inspectors were again employed, for the season of navigation, at the
port of Montreal, and they furnished detailed reports of the shipments of cheese,
butter, eggs, bacon, fruit, poultry, &c., forwarded in 322 sailings of steamers, as
follows : —
From Montreal to:
Liverpool 83 sailings.
London 8Y "
Glasgow 64 "
Bristol 27 "
Manchester - 22 "
Leith & Aberdeen 13 "
Cardiff 1
Dublin and Belfast ' 17 "
South African ports 8 "
Total 322 "
During the winter season of 1904-5 one cargo inspector was stationed at the port
of St. John, N.B. ; and from September 1 to the en,d of February an inspector was
employed at Halifax to report on the condition, loading, &c., of Nova Scotia apples
shipped from that port.
INSPECTORS AT PORTS IN GREAT BRITAIN.
As formerly, cargo inspectors, appointed by the department, were stationed
throughout the year at Liverpool, Manchester, London, Bristol and Glasgow. These
inspectors reported on every cargo of perishable produce received at the above named
ports from Canada, thus keeping my department fully advised regarding the manner
in which our cheese, butter, eggs, fruit, &c.. were handled in the unloading of the
■stealmers, the condition of these products when landed on the docks and the time
that elapsed before they were removed from the docks by the consignees.
REPORT OF THE MINISTER xsiii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
DELAY IN TAKING DELIVERY OF CANADIAN BUTTER.
Soon after the butter shipping season commenced our inspectors again reported
that, at the ports of Liverpool and Glasgow, consignments of Canadian butter were
frequently allowed to lie on the docks for periods ranging from 24 to 72 hours. The
situation was more serious at Liverpool than at Glasgow and strong representations
were therefore made to the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board (which controls the
docks at Liverpool), the Liverpool Provision Trade Association and the individual
importers. Statements were compiled showing the landing and delivery dates of each
shipment of Canadian butter discharged at Liverpool and copies furnished to the
above mentioned bodies and to the Montreal Produce Merchants Association as well.
The members of the latter association were also requested to urge upon their con-
signees the importance of having their consignmen,ts of butter placed in cold storage
with the least possible delay, once it was discharged from the steamship refrigerator
chambers.
All the Canadian butter landed at Liverpool last season was not treated in this
careless manner, the major portion of each shipment having been removed with com-
mendable despatch. But the proportion that was usuaUy allowed to remain on the
quays was sufficiently large, if damaged, to affect the general reputation of Canadian
butter in the Liverpool market.
In some instances these delayed deliveries were caused by the negligence of the
shipper in not forwarding his shipping documents soon enough, so that the papers
did not reach the consignee until after the ship carrying the butter had arrived and
discharged her perishable cargo.
During the latter part of the season the removal of our butter at Liverpool was
attended to with greater promptness, and I feel confident that the importers now
recognize the justice of our complaint and that they themselves will press for proper
cold storage accommodation on the docks, so that butter delayed there may be held
at a low temperature.
At the port of London the facilities for the handling, storage and delivery of our
hutter are well nigh perfect, as it goes directly from the ship's refrigerators into a
cold storage warehouse on the dock. Good facilities and despatch are also afforded at
Avonmouth, the port of Bristol.
INSPECTION OF REFRIGERATOR CARS.
The refrigerator car service for butter was in operation from May 8 until October
21. During that period two travelling inspectors were employed to report the con-
ditions under which butter and cheese were hauled from the factories to the railway
stations, the temperature of the butter when loaded into the cars, and the condition
of the cars as regards icing and cleanliness. During the season these inspectors re-
corded the temperatures of 1,535 pacTsages of butter.
Two inspectors were also stationed at Montreal. They examined the iced ears
containing butter and cheese as they arrived and reported on the condition and tem-
15— ci
xxiv DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 190S
perature of the contents, as well as the condition of the cars and the quantity of ice
remaining in the bunkers. The same packages of butter that had been tested at the
shipping point were again tested at Montreal, in order to ascertain if the contents,
had become warmer or cooler during the journey. If the tests showed that the tem-
perature of the butter had risen in transit it indicated that the service was inefficient
and the matter was at once brought to the attention of the proper railway official.
During the season these inspectors inspected 1,159 cars containing the following
produce: 425,737 pkgs. butter, weighing 26,968,056 lbs.; 8,658 boxes cheese, weighing
600,834 lbs. ; 428 cases eggs, weighing 29,250 lbs. ; 188 cases meats, weighing 40,770
lbs. ; 608 pkgs. lard, weighing 13,540 lbs. ; 10 brls. apples, weighing 1,685 lbs. The
inspectors also examined and tested the temperatures of 4,441 pkgs. of butter.
THERMOGRAPHS IN RAILWAY CARS.
From August 22 to October 18, two carloads of mixed fruits, such as peaches,,
plums, grapes, early apples, pears, tomatoes, &c., were forwarded each week from St.
Catharines to Winnipeg and, at the request of the shippers, I instructed the Markets
Division to arrange for the placing of one or more thermographs in each car so that
records might be obtained of the temperature in each during transit. Thermographs
were accordingly placed in eight refrigerator cars with ice, in two refrigerator cars
with no ice, but with open hatches for the purpose of ventilation and in one ventilated
produce car. As far as the thermograhps were concerned the experiment was com-
pletely successful, the chart from each instrument showing a legible record. This is
the first time that thermographs of the ordinary type have been successfully used in
railway cars during transportation.
EXPORTS OF CANADIAN FARM AND FOOD PRODUCTS.
The following comparative statement shows the value of the principal farm and
food products exported from Canada («.) to all countries, and (&.) to the United King-
dom in 1905, also the total value of imports of similar products into the United King-
dom in 1904:—
REPORT OF THE MINISTER
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
Value of some Canadian Farm
Products exported in the
yfear ended June 30,
1905. :
To
all Countries.
To
Great Britain.
Value of Products of the same sort
imported into the United Kingdom
from all countries in the year
ended December 31, 1904.
I Dollars.
Butter 5,930,379
Cheese 20,300,500
Eggs I 712,866
Poultry — dressed or undressed 108,333
Bacon i 12,194,458
Hams I 321,501
Pork ; 188,194
Wheat ! 12,386,743
Flour ' 5,877,607
Oats 862,040
Oatmeal 641,233
Pease 718,421
Barley : 514,852
Hay I 1,261,210
Cattle I 11,338,431
Sheep and lambs ! 1,400,710
Apples — green or ripe 2,627.467
Total I 77,384,945
Dollars.
5,568,999
20,174,211
660,610
71,868
12,180,817
307,155
45,841
9,474,870
2,424,116
563,866
587,964
310,.397
402,493
799,227
11,047,092
708,298
2,513,599
67,841.423
Dollars.
Butter 102,770,189
Cheese 28,439,681
Eggs 32,755,460
Poultry 5,300,505
Bacon 62,449,758
Hams 15,110,995
Pork 8,139,729
jWheat 166,763,225
1
iFlour 35,325,187
I
Oats 18,133,784
Oatmeal 2,222,085
Pease 3,733,206
Barley 34,853,120
Hay 2,130,451
Cattle 47,383,989
Sheep 2,880,989
Apples — green or ripe. . . 10,309,031
Total 578,701,384
BRANCH OF THE SEED COMMISSIONER.
Prior to January 1, 1905, the work that is now carried on under the direction of
the Seed Commissioner formed a division of the work of the larger organization that
was under the supervision of Dr. Jas. W. Robertson, late Commissioner of Agriculture
and Dairying. The operations of the seed branch have continued during the past year,
mainly along two lines, (a.) that looking to progress in field agriculture through giving
encouragement, in various ways, to the growing and selecting of seed of field crops,
and (b.) that making for permanent improvement in the quality of the various kinds
of seeds that enter into commerce.
Wlien we consider that more than twenty millions acres of land are devoted to
field crops in Canada, some idea may be formed of the enormous amount of seed re-
quired to sow this area. If, by the use of the better seed grain an increase of one
bushel per acre could be made in the average yield for all Canada, the total increase in
grain alone would amount to over twelve and a half million bushels.
xxvi DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
ENCOURAGEMENT TO SEED GROWING.
Scientific observation has shown that there are in operation practically the same
laws in plant growth and development as those which have been turned to good
account in the improvement of live stock. Probably as much can be done hy practical
methods of selection to improve cultivated crops, as has been accomplished by selection
on the part of live stock breeders. In the improvement of sugar beet, French and
German seed growers studied the individuality of the plants, and were able after some
years, to produce species which doubled the yield of sugar per acre.
Believing that an application of the same principles which proved to be effective
in improving the sugar beet, the cotton plant, Indian corn and several other crops that
are extensively grown, could also be adopted to advantage in the production of cereal
grains, a plan was undertaken five years ago by the late Commissioner of Agriculture
and Dairying in a way to demonstrate the benefits' that accrue from care in the pro-
duction and selection of seed wheat and oats. This educational policy has since been
gradually extended and is still being pursued with singular success.
With a view to render more efficient service in the matter of seed improvecient,
and especially to those farmers who make seed growing a special industry in their
farming operations, I authorized the appointment of five well trained men who are
competent to give practical instruction in the principles of growing and selecting seeds
and to inspect seeds that are offered in the trade,. With this addition to the staff of the
Seed Branch, I have been able to arrange so that one instructor may reside in and give
his whole attention to meeting the needs of farmers in each of five districts, which,.
for the convenience of this work has, in the meantime, been arranged as follows : (1)
Maritime provinces; (2) province of Quebec; (3) province of Ontario; (4) provinces
of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, and (5) provinces of Alberta and British Columbia.
As instructors in seed growing they spend the greater part of the summer months
travelling through farming districts, thus coming in direct contact with farmers, and
discussing with them the principles of growing and selecting seeds, in the fields where
the work is being carried on. In this way they are able to give the farmer a more
definite plan to follow. They thus acquire a knowledge of the difficulties of the farmer
and give him such information as may enable him to overcome them. The results thus
far have been exceedingly encouraging and would indicate that, from persistent efforts
to educate grain growers along these lines, we may reasonably hope for a very material
increase in the yield, and improvement in the quality of field crops. There is already
8 large number of farmers who make a business of growing high-class seed grain in
quantity. In order to provide so that selected seed may be recognized from ordinary
grain, and also that farmers, who give special attention to the growing and selecting of
seeds, might advance their interests by united effort, it was thought well to assist thent
to organize themselves into an association.
CANADIAN SEED GROWERS' ASSOCIATION.
With a view to secure greater uniformity in the methods of growing and selecting-
seeds and the more general recognition of the value of selected seed grain and other
REPORT OF THE MINlSTEIi xxvii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
seeds, as well as to having records kept of the history of selected seed, my department
assisted in organizing the Canadian Seed Growers' Association which was finally
accomplished in June, 1904^ The Seed Commissioner was appointed secretary and was
entrusted with the management of the work of this association during the first year.
This enabled my department to place the association on a good working basis before
the responsibility for its management was taken over by the association as an organiza-
tion quite distinct from the Seed Branch. The work of the association was finally
handed over at the time of their annual meeting which was held in Ottawa, June 27,
28 and 29 last. To enable the ofiicers of the association to carry on efficient work, I
have provided them with suitable office accommodation for their secretary, and given
them a grant sufficient to meet their needs. This arrangement provides so that the
Seed Branch may continue with the educational work and co-operate with the associa-
tion without taking part in such business of the association as may seem to be con-
ducted primarily to further the interests of its members.
GRASS AND CLOVER SEEDS.
The production of clover seed has grown to be an important industry. The census
report for 1901 shows that out of a total of 138,495 bushels of clover seed produced in
Canada, 133,744 bushels were produced in the province of Ontario. In the average of
years, perhaps one-half of the total quantity produced is exported to foreign countries,
Europe being our most important market for clover seed. The Toronto market
virtually controls the world's prices for seed of alsike clover.
The growing of clover seed is a special industry that has proved to be a profitable
one to the farmers of Ontario. The reason that clover seed is not more generally grown
in most of the other provinces may be attributed to the fact that, in order to carry on
the work successfully, a special machine is needed for threshing and hulling the seed,
and on account of the comparatively high cost of such a machine, they are not used
to any extent except in districts where a large acreage of clover is grown for seed. It
has been fully demonstrated that a very high quality of red clover and alsike seed
can be produced to advantage in all of the eastern provinces and in some of the districts
in the western provinces7~\
Considerable injury has been done to the clover seed crop in the province of
Ontario by the clover seed midge. This insect pest has been less prevalent this year,
however, than during the season of 1904. Farmers are evidently becoming better
acquainted with its habits and are adjusting their clover crops in a way to combat it
most effectively.
Of the grass seeds sown in Canada, timothy seed in particular is produced to a
considerable extent in all of the provinces. This seed is quite extensively grown in
the Georgian Bay district and in the Ottawa and St. Lawrence valleys. It is said that
the best quality of timothy seed produced in the world is obtained from these two
districts.
(One of the principal drawbacks to the seed growing industry in Canada is the
prevalence of noxious weeds which seem to have spread from farm to farm and from
xxviii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906 .
province to province with alarming rapidity during the last decade. iThis condition of
affairs has been constantly before me, and lias been many times brought to my attention
by farmers and their associations in all parts of Canada, The problem of dealing
effectively w^ith this growing evil is a most difficult one. It was felt that the trade in
agricultural seeds — particularly that of grasses and clovers — was very largely re-
sponsible for the spread of noxious weeds, and the investigation work that has been
conducted during the last four years clearly proves this contention to be correct.
Believing that the true basis for the permanent, improvement of these conditions was
in educating seed growers to the importance of growing pure seed and in demonstrat-
ing to purchasers of seed that clean seed is always the cheapest, I authorized the Seed
Commissioner to make ample provision for having this educational work carried out
in the most effective manner.
During the early spring, arrangements were made to hold four series of farmers
meetings throughout the districts where grass and clover seeds are most largely grown
in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. In carrying ovit this work the Seed Com-
missioner secured the co-operation of the Provincial Departments of Agriculture
through their Farmers' Institute systems. All of the meetings were held between
June 8 and 26, and in the fields of grasses and clovers that were being grown for seed.
Farmers were invited to bring specimens of weeds with them for identification. Each
delegation was made up of one practical farmer who had had long experience in seed
growing, one expert on weed and insect pests and, at most of the meetings seedsmen
were present and invited to address the farmers from their standpoint. On account
of the meetings being held in the fields and at the time of the year when weed growth
and insect pests were most in evidence, the information given was exceedingly prac-
tical throughout and very interesting and instructive to the farmers who attended.
I hope to have this educational work continued. The subjects discussed at the meet-
ings were taken up in the following order: —
(a) The best methods of producing pure, strong seeds of clover, timothy and
alsike, with special reference to the preparation of seed bed and quality of seed used.
(h) Some of the weeds commonly found in grass and clover fields, and the prac-
tical means of eradicating them.
(c) The marketing of pure commercial seeds.
(d) How to avoid the clover seed midge.
(e) Object of the Bill (N"o. Y) I'especting the Inspection and Sale of Seeds.
SEED FAIRS.
Assistance has been given again this year with the holding of fifteen seed fairs,
most of which were organized three years ago in the eastern provinces. They are
held during the winter and early spring months and arranged in series so that the
deputation of judges and lecturers supplied by my department may attend a nnunber
of them without unnecessary delays. The providing of a short course of demonstra-
tion lectures was an additional feature, arranged for a number of them dtiring the
past season, and proved to be of special interest to farmers. The advantages to
farmers in having these seed fairs held annually has been fully demonstrated, and
REPORT OF THE MIXISTER xxix
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
I have been pleased to have the Seed Branch render the agricultural societies, under
whose auspices they are usually held, assistance to make them useful from an edu-
■cational standpoint. In giving this assistance, however, and in organizing seed fairs
in localities where they have not been held, regulations to govern exhibits of seed
that may be competing for i>rizes are recommended so that all of the seed fairs may
l)e conducted according to iniiform regulations. In localities where they have been
held for three or four years there has been a notable improvement in the qiiality of
the seed grain and other seeds exhibited and offered for sale.
Arrangements have been made for the organization of a large number of seed
fairs in the grain growing districts of the west. The extension of this work in the
western provinces seems to be meeting with much favour. These fairs will provide
for an exhibition of seed grain after the work of harvesting the crop is completed.
The officers of western agricultural societies have, for several years, felt the need
of providing for such an exhibition at an opportune time in as much as their sum-
mer shows are held before the grain. crop is ripened and the exhibits of grain at these
shows have, as a rule, been ver^- small.
In addition to giving assistance with the cost of advertising and providing expert
judges and demonstration lecturers to attend seed fairs in the western provinces, I
have authorized the Seed Commissioner to submit a plan to the agricultural societies
according to which they may be given assistance with the awarding of prizes for
fields of standing grain to be judged directly before the crop is harvested and from
the standpoint of utility for seed purposes, I am hopeful that this plan will be
generally adopted throughout the west as a means whereby the agricultural societies
may give further encouragement to farmers who give special attention to the
growing of high class field crops of varieties possessing the greatest commercial value,
and who exercise care in preventing the introduction and spread of noxious weeds
over thair farms.
SEED LABORATORY.
The Seed Laboratory was established three years ago, primarily for the purpose of
conducting the work of investigation into the condition of the trade in agricultural
seeds. This work has been carried on with unusual vigour and the results of the work
have been given the greatest possible publicity through the agricultural press, cir-
culars to farmers' institute lecturers, and in bulletins and reports. The Seed La-
boratory has since been fitted up with the very latest improved apparatus for testing
the purity and vitality of seeds of all kinds and, perhaps because of being able to
itender prompt and efficient service, a large niimber of samples of seeds have been
received for analysis from farmers and seed merchants who desire definite information
regarding their purity and germination qualities. Many inquiries were received from
seed merchants as to privileges that might be given them in the matter of having
this work done and in April, I authorized the issue of a circular letter to seed mer-
chants in Canada stating that they might have their seed tested in the Seed Labora-
tory free of charge. A large number of seedsmen and seed vendors took advantage
of this offer. The work \va.s done for them and i-eports rendered as promptly as pos-
XXX DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
sible. An addition of two assistants was made to the staff in order to add to the
promptness and efficiency of the work. In this connection it is gratifying to note
that, as the importance and value of the work of seed testing become better known
by the people, more general use is made of the service offered. The importance of
the work was very clearly demonstrated to the farmers through the dissemination of
information as to the results of investigation work. This seemed to be a revelation
to farmers in all parts of Canada inasmuch as it was shown that the trade in grass
and clover seeds was a fruitful medium for the introduction and spread of extremely
noxious weeds.
The interest that was noted last year on the part of farmers to use a better class of
seeds is strongly in evidence again this year; seedsmen report that there has been an
increasing demand for high grade seed. There are, however, some farmers, more espe-
cially those on rented farms and those who live remote from the leading trade centres,
who have not come fully to appreciate the far-reaching evils that follow the use of
inferior seed. The samples obtained by direct purchase from seed vendors in all parts
of Canada for investigation work, show that in a few of the districts that have not,
perhaps, had the full benefit of the educational propaganda that has been carried on
during the last three years, a limited quantity of very low class seed is still in de-
mand.
During the year ending October 31, 1347 samples of seed have been tested for
purity and vitality; 730 of these were obtained and analysed for the purpose of investi-
gation. 617 samples were tested for either purity or vitality, or for both, and reported
upon to farmers and seed merchants. Compared with last year there has been a
marked improvement in the quality, especially in respect to weed seeds, of the seeds
tested for both farmers and seed merchants. In the districts where grass and clover
seeds are most largely produced a much greater interest seems to be taken in the work
of seed testing, and it is from these districts that the greatest number of samples are
received from farmers.
The work of conducting germination tests of samples of seed corn and root crop
seed shows a decided increase over the previous years. The increase in the number of
samples of these two kinds of seeds that were received from fanners for germination test
is probably due to the partial failure with corn, and root crops, which was in many in-
stances attributed to nonvital seeds. Much of the seed corn sold to farmers last spring
had been seriously injured by frost and damp and a great deal of it would not germin-
ate more than fifty per cent. With root crop seeds it is well known that in some years
considerable quantities of imported stocks are held over from year to year and there is
evidence that old and non-vital seed has occasionally been mixed with the fresh article.
On the average, however, it may correctly be said that the root crop and garden vege-
tables seeds retailed to farmers by Canadian seed merchants of good standing, show a
reasonably good per cent of vital seeds. Comparatively few samples of root crop seeds
have been found to be extremely low in vitality.
REPORT OF TEE MINISTER xxxi
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
SEED CONTROL ACT, 1905.
I wish to gratefully acknowledge the support I received in Parliament in my en-
deavour to perfect and pass an Act respecting the inspection and sale of seeds. This
Act came into force on the first of September. The main provisions of the Act demand
that seed merchants place the names of certain noxious weeds, plainly written, on a
label and attach it to the bag or bin when the seeds of such weeds are present in the
seed offered for sale.
Section 4- — Provides a standard of quality in respect to both purity and vitality
of timothy, alsike and red clover seeds that are .represented to be of first quality.
Section 6. — Provides a minimum standard of purity below which timothy, alsike,
and red clover seeds cannot be sold for seeding in Canada. This standard is based
on the proportion of seeds of weeds named in the Act to the pure seeds of the kind
sold or offered for sale.
Sellers of seeds are justly protected against negligent or evilly disposed seed pur-
chasers. In case of dispute between purchaser and seller, prosecution can be made
only when a representative sample of the seed in question has been submitted and tested
by an official seed analyst, and such sample must be taken and inclosed in a sealed
package, either in the presence of the seller, or in the presence of two non-interested
witnesses within seven days after the sale of the seeds.
The effect of this Act thus far, has been largely confined to the districts where
grass and clover seeds are grown. Earmers who have clean seed are* this year, getting
from fifty cents to one dollar per bushel more for it than are the farmers who have
allowed their fields to become polluted with pestiferous weeds. In general, farmers
have been more careful during the past season than during previous years in not
harvesting for seed purposes crops of clover from fields that are seriously polluted
with noxious weeds. It was learned, too, that considerable attention was given to
weeding the fields before the clover seed crop was cut. Seedsmen are adjusting and
making further additions to their seed cleaning machinery. It has been stated by
several of them that with the apparatus they now have, noxious weed seeds can be
practically all cleaned from the seeds produced by farmers. The chief drawback to
this work is that the process of special cleaning is necessarily slow and has, hitherto,
been considered impracticable in the larger seed houses.
REFEREXCE COLLECTIOXS OF SEED.
In order to assist seed merchants in their endeavour to carry on their work
intelligently the Seed Branch undertook to supply them, at a nominal cost, with
collections containing 100 species of weed seeds and other economic seeds. With the
use of these specimens of seeds for reference, seed vendors are able to identify the
impurities in the seeds they sell. There has been a growing demand this year for
these collections.
xxxii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
PUBLICATIONS.
, In connection with the special campaign carried on by the Seed Branch, much
information has been obtained that would indicate that farmers in most districts are
not familiar with many of the common weeds in the immediate locality where they
live. When new and seriovisly noxious weeds are introduced into their locality they
usually become well established before they are recognized as a dangerous pest. Farm-
ers have not had the means at their immediate disposal to identify them and to study
their habits of growth and methods of combatting them. It has been felt that this lack
of knowledge of the weeds themselves has, to a certain extent, hami)ered other general
educational work along similar lines, and in order to overcome this difficulty, I have
authorized the preparation of a bulletin to treat specially with weeds, and in which
fifty of the worst Canadian weeds and their seeds 'will be illustrated in their natural
colour. The text that wiU accompany these illustrations is being prepared with the
object of giving information to fanners regarding the habits of these weeds and the
best methods of combatting and exterminating them. My department has felt the
need for such a publication for several years, and although the exi)ense that will have
to be incurred in connection with the preparation and printing of coloured illustra-
tions may be too great to justify me in distributing them free of charge, I have
directed that the matter contained therein be prepared in a complete and comprehen-
sive manner.
Bulletin No. S. 1., of the Seed Branch series, contains a reprint of the Seed
Control Act, together with general explanations and instructions, and the rules and
methods for taking samples of seeds and testing them for purity and vitality. Fifty
thousand of thes« bulletins were printed and have been generally distributed among
farmers and seed merchants in all the provinces.
THE LIVE STOCK BRANCH.
An outline of the work accomplished by the Live Stock Branch during the year
ended October 31, 1905, is given by provinces, as followsi :
British Columbia.
In the spring of 1905 two members of the staff were sent to British Columbia to
assist the provincial Department of Agriculture in institute work. The districts vis-
ited were those considered most in need of help. The subjects taken up were chiefly
relative to fruit growing, road-making and animal husbandry. A large number of
meetings were held, and as a rule well attended. Keen interest was shown in the
addresses which invariably elicited lively discussions.
In these districts beef raising is the general industry with here and there a dairy
farm. Hogs and sheep are also raised on a limited scale chiefly for local consump-
tion. In the Nicola Lake district especially, the cattle raisers have made good progress
and judging from their herds they have high ideals regarding the beef type. The cattle
raised are chiefly Shorthorn grades and Hereford gi'ades, brought up to the present
REPORT OF TEE MINISTER xxxiii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
standard by the use of pure bred sires, but here, as well as in some other districts visit-
ed, there are evidences of faulty methods in breeding and feeding. Many of the
ranchers keep sires too long in their herds, resulting in much inbreeding and breeding
from immature females. Cross-breeding is also resorted to where it would have been
better to have adhered to one breed. The faulty mexhods in feeding are confined
chiefly to a lack of provision for sufficient winter supplies of fodder. The delegates
dwelt especially on the importance of remedying these evils.
The sheep as a rule are of very indifferent quality and in only a few cases are
breeders improving or increasing their stock, although many districts are admirably
adapted to the industry.
Here and there the farmers are raising improved classes of horses. The brisk
demand that exists, especially at the coast, would seem to warrant an increased atten-
tion to this branch of stock-raising.
In September, Mr. F. ^L Logan was sent to British Columbia for the purpose of
acquiring an insight into conditions affecting live stock in the province. Mr. Logan
is acting in conjunction with the provincial Department of Agricvxlture.
At the instance of this branch, Mr. Geo. H. Greig, a member of this staff resident
in Winnipeg, induced Manitoba breeders to exhibit at the Dominion exhibiton held
at New Westminster. The breeders responded by sending six carloads of their ani-
mals, which made a marked impression on the live stock exliibit at the fair.
Northwest Territories.
Acting in conjunction with the Department of Agriculture of the jSTorthwest Ter-
ritories,, a vigorous policy of agricultural education has been followed in assisting the
territorial farmers' institutes, live stock and fair associations.
Eepresentatives of the division assisted in farmers' institute work, the holding of
live stock judging classes, fat stock shows, a bull sale and spring stallion shows at
Calgary and Regina, and stock and poultry judging- at the fatirs during the summer
and fall.
The series of institute meetings during the winter and spring extended over a
wide range of country, touching the chief agricultural settlements of the Territories.
At the meetings live stock judging was a prominent feature. Live animals and poul-
try were used for demonstration purposes, and those in conjunction with score cards
distributed throughout the audiences did much to fix in the minds of hearers the desir-
able and undesirable types. A similar series of meetings was conducted by a member
of the branch in July at points not touched during the earlier campaign.
At poultry shows held at Edmonton and at Lethbridge the awards were placed by
a member of the staff who also delivered public addresses on poultry raising, fattening
and marketing.
A fat stock show was held at Regina, a fat stock show and bull sale at Calgary,
and a spring horse show at each of these places. The fat stock shows were of four
xxxiv DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
days' duration and were conducted along the same lines as the winter fairs held at
Guelph, Ont., and Amherst, N.S. All the judging was done by representatives of the
branch. At all these shows live stock judging schools were a feature.
At the Calgary sale, which was the fifth annual, 340 pure-bred animals were dis-
posed of, netting $23,557. The animals were Shorthorns, Herefords, Galloways and
Aberdeen Angus. Since the inauguration of these sales, 1,185 animals have been sold
for over $105,000. A marked improvernent in the quality of the cattle stock of the
Territories has been the result of this exchange of pvire bred sires, and the educational
work done at the gatherings.
The horse shows were decidedly successful; the quality of the exliibits indicate
that the horse stock of the Territories is of a fairly high quality. A number of the
stallions compared favourably with the best shown at any other fair in Canada. This
was particularly true in the draught section at Calgary.
Substatial assistance was given the fair association in the summer and fall ex-
hibitions by the division furnishing expert judges where requested.
Manitoba.
During the year, Mr. Geo. H. Greig, of Winnipeg, the representative of this
branch in Manitoba, conducted live stock conventions and judging schools throughout
the province.
During the winter live stock conventions were held at Winnipeg, Neepawa and
Brandon. The Winnipeg convention occupied a full week and included the annual
meetings of all live stock associations and the dairy associations of IVlanitoba. There
were also held special meetings of the Shorthorn Breeders of Manitoba and the Aber-
deen-Angus breeders of Western Canada for the purpose of assisting in the national-
ization of the live stock records.
The convention at Neepawa was held in connection with a winter fat stock show,
held under the auspices of the Northwestern Agriculture and Arts Association. At
Brandon the convention was conducted in co-operation with the Western Agricul-
tural and Arts Association. Stock judging was made a prominent feature at all of
these meetings. Representative animals of the various classes and breeds of live stock
were secured from breeders and owners for demonstration purposes.
At Winnipeg a new featvire was introduced for the first time. This consisted of a
practical demonstration in meat cutting and was conducted under the supervision of
Prof. Boss, of the Minnesota Agricultural College.
It is gratifying to know that live stock judging has become so widely appreciated
that the Department of Agriculture in Manitoba and the western provinces have dur-
ing the year introduced it very generally into their farmers' institute work. The
men available for carrying on this work are found among those who have received
their training at the stock judging schools conducted by this branch.
REPORT OF THE MINISTER XXXT
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
A provincial auction sale was organized for the distribution of surplus stock.
The sale was held at Winnipeg, May 31, in the pavilion of the Canadian Pacific rail-
way. The animals disposed of included 5 Aberdeen- Angus, which sold at an average
price of $66 per head ; 5 Herefords at an average of $74. 46 Shorthorns at aji average
of $90. In connection with this sale a competitive exhibit of the animals was held
and proved a most interesting feature.
Early in May the remount officers of the British army who were on their way
west were interviewed regarding the prospects of Manitoba supplying remounts for the
British army. The attention of the directors of the Horse Breeders' Association was
drawn to this matter and through them a number of horses were collected for inspec-
tion, but owing to the active local demand sufficient animals to make a shipment were
not available and so far no business has been done. The Dominion Exhibition being
held at New Westminster, B.C., the stock breeders of the province were induced to con-
tribute, and as a result six car loads were sent, consisting of various classes of horses.
Shorthorn, Hereford and Holstein cattle; Yorkshire, Tamworth and Berkshire hogs.
The total amount won in prize money was $1,544.
Ontario.
In the province of Ontario the system of farniei-s' institutes, the improvement of
fairs and co-operative auction sales of improved stock are so well established under
the provincial Department of Agriculture that but little assistance is required from
this branch. In Xew Ontario only was new work undertaken. At North Bay a sale
of pure-bred stock was held in April, this branch co-operating with the North Bay
Board of Trade and town council and the District of Nipissing Agricultural Society.
At this sale twenty pure-bred Shorthorns, including fourteen bulls and six heifers,
also twenty pure-bred Yorkshire swine were sold. The males were distributed chiefly
among the farmers' clubs of the district. All the animals were carefully selected by
a representative of the branch, and sold at an average piioe of $70 per head for the
cattle and $9 per head for the swine. Preparation is being made to assist in the hold-
ing of a similar sale at North Bay during the coming spring.
A corps of institute lecturers was placed at the disposal of the Ontario Super-
intendent of Institutes and assisted at the regular series of meetings.
Fair improvement work has been continued at a circuit of exhibitions in the
eastern portion of the province ; representatives of the branch attended these fairs
and conducted judging competitions in the various classes of live stock, in some cases
judging all the animals shown. Instructive addresses were delivered by our men at all
of these competitions.
The Guelph and Ottawa winter fairs were assisted as in previous years to develop
their educational features as much as possible, speakers and judges being supplied
and addresses delivered on the desirable and undesirable points of the animals under
consideration.
xxxvi DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
This year as last^ instruction by means of illustration plots has been carried on at
[Richmond and Whitby exhibitions, a representative of the branch assisting the boards
with the laying out and cultivation of same.
Queiec
During January and February, a series of fifty-eight one-day meetings was con-
ducted in the province. Each of these consisted of an afternoon and evening session.
The same organization found satisfactory during 1904 was continued, viz. : — the divi-
sion of the province into three French and one English section. The three French
sections comprised as nearly as possible all of the French speaking counties, and the
division was made according to climatic conditions; the English section covered the
districts where English communities were found. Fourteen representatives were sent
out, and these were divided into four delegations; three delegations made up of
.speakers for the purely French divisions and one delegation of two men for the
English division^. Before commencing this work the representatives met at Ottawa
to receive instruction. The attendiance at these meetings varied from 25 to 525.
Concurrent with these regular institute meetings a stock judging school was held
at five points in the province. For this pui"pose a car load of typical animals of
various breeds was taken to the meetings inclnding light and heavy horses, dairy and
beef cattle, long woolled and short woolled sheep, bacon hogs and utility poultry. At
each point a two-days' judging school was held, three sessions per day. Ste. Therese,
Cowansville, St. Hyacinthe, Three Rivers and Quebec were the points fixed upon for
this school, and a delegation of experts accompanied the car, the audiences Being ad-
dressed in both French and English. Score cards, supplied by the branch and printed
in both languages, were distributed, and the meetings conducted as regular stock
instruction classes. The keenest interest was manifested; the attendance ranged
from 150 to 700 persons.
Expert judges were sent to five points in the province in September and October,
viz. : — Sherbrooke, Waterloo, Ayers' Flats, Shawville and Brome. In judging the live
stock classes our judges followed their usual custom of delivering addresses at the
ring side giving reasons for the placing of the awards.
At the Sherbrooke and Brome exhibitions judging competitions were conducted.
At Brome dairy cattle were used for this purpose, but at the former place, beef cattle,
dairy cattle, shsep and swine were utilized, addresses being delivered on each class.
At Brome, as in 1904, instruction by means of illustration plots was carried on.
A portion of the exhibition grovmds was set apart for this purpose and was divided
into three ranges, these being again subdivided into plots 12 x 15 feet. This ground
was carefully prepared and crops suitable to the locality sown. Grasses, clovers,
corn, millets and roots were grown, some of the varieties being but little known in the
district. Placards were placed on each plot giving all necessary information as to
the crop thereon. The crops on all the plots were exceedingly good and much interest
was taken by the exhibition visitors.
REPORT OF THE MIX I ST ER xxxvii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
NEW BRUNSWICK.
At different periods representatives of the branch have been sent to New Bruns-
■wdck to assist the provincial Department of Agriculture in farmers' institute work.
During October and November of this year, three delegates have conducted a series
of one hundred and twenty meetings. The attendance at these averaged 4S, and our
men report that their audiences seemed deeply interested in the various subjects under
discussion.
In January, assistance was rendered the Farmers' and Dairymens' Association
of the province at their annual convention.
A stock judging school was conducted at five points in the province in June,
viz. : Andover, Woodstock, Lower Jemseg, Petitcodiac and Chatham. At these places
a carload of improved stock was used for demonstration purposes. The school was
well atten\ded at each point and keen interest taken in both the addresses and the
scoring of the animals.
Expert judges were furnished for the exhibitions at Fredericton and Sussex.
All the live stock classes were judged and the judges where possible, delivered ad-
dresses in the ring, giving reasons for their decisions.
NOVA SCOTIA.
In the province of Nova Scotia the work of this branch has been of a somewhat
varied character, special attention being paid to the further development of the mari-
time winter fair, while the annual auction sale of pure bred live Stock, the farmers'
institute work and the improvement of fairs by the expert judge system at the pro-
vincial exhibition have received due attention.
The annual maritime winter fair was held December 12 to 15, 1904 at Am-
herst. It was a pronounced success from every standpoint, the quality of the exhibits
being of a much higher order than in previous years. During the fair evening ses-
sions were addressed by the judges and other expert agricultvirists, the attendance at
these daily meetings averaging from twelve to fifteen hundred.
For the approaching fair in December of this year, Mr. E. B. Elderkin, tlie repre-
sentative of the branch in the maritime provinces, is carrying on a vigorous system
of preparation, and all indications point to a very successful outcome.
The second annual auction sale of pure bred live stock was held at Amherst on
February 3. At this sale 16 animals were sold, comprising 6 Shorthorn males, 7 Short-
horn females, and 3 Ayrshire males. Of these the Shorthorns averaged $60 per head,
and the Ayrshires $34 per head. The stock ranged from fair to good quality. The
offering of animals was much smaller than had been intended owing to the impassable
condition of the railways and roads; for the same reason the attendance was below
what it should have been. These conditions, coupled with an impending feed famine
in the province, are in large measure responsible for the comparatively low prices.
15— D
xxxviii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
During June and July a series of farmers' institute meetings were held through-
out the province at 53 points. For each of these meetings delegates were supplied.
In many of the districts visited, agriculture was found to be in a very backward con-
dition. While much of the land is rough and unfit for cultivation, the conditions are
favourable for sheep raising, and instruction was given relating to this industry. As
a rule the cattle and hogs raised are indifFerent to poor in quality, and the delegates
endeavoured to impart such information as would improve the various defects. In a
few cases open air meetings were held, and at these live animals were used for demon-
stration purposes. The meetings were invariably well attended, but the open air de-
monstrations were found to increase the interest very materially.
Expert judges were supplied by the branch to the provincial exhibition at Hali-
fax. As on previous occasions the judging was supplemented by addresses at the ring
side, the judges giving reasons for the placing of the awards, which met with very gen-
eral satisfaction. The interest in this educational work was sustained during the exhi-
bition by evening sessions held in a pavilion provided by the exhibition association.
'At these live stock and kindred subjects were discussed by the judges and other agri-
culturists. This is the third occasion on which the judging at Halifax has been done
by experts supplied by this branch, and the quality of the animals offered at the exhi-
bition of 1905 would tend to show that the work is bearing fruit.
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
With the co-operation of this branch the Department of Agriculture for Prince
Edward Island has been able to carry out a progressive scheme of educational work
along agricultural lines. In addition to the work undertaken in previous years, sev-
eral new features have been introduced, among these being the organization of a
regular institute staff: the institution of semi-annual farmers' conventions, the for-
mation of live stock judging schools, and the collection of live stock statistics.
During June and July a series of 'farmers' institute meetings was lield. The
province was divided into two districts, and a representative of this branch accom-
panied each delegation. Thirty one-day meetings were held, an afternoon and even-
ing session constituting the work each day.
Many of the afternoon sessions were conducted as stock judging schools, live ani-
mals being used for the purpose and score cards provided by this branch being distri-
buted among the audience.
This stock judging work has been so well received by the island people that pre-
parations are under way to hold a regular judging school at Charlottetown in Decem-
ber of this year, immediately following the maritime winter fair at Amherst.
As a result of the teachings of this series of institutes a number of farmers have
introduced a system of rotation of crops; the keeping of milk records for individual
cows; and experimental work in crop growing on the co-operative plan. Statistics as
to milk prodiiction in the province have been secured, and the figures show the yield
per cow to be much lower than it should be ; a strong effort is being made by our
REPORT OF THE MINISTER ' xxxix
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
delegates to awaken the farmers to the necessity o'f keeping these niillc records in order
that they may intelligently weed out the inferior specimens.
The attendance was very good throughout, averaging about Y5 per meeting.
Along the line of live stock improvement a better system of introducing improved
bfood had been instituted. '
In April the annual farmers' convention was held at Charlottetown. Through the
interest created by the work of the representatives of this branch, it was then decided
to make this convention semi-annual instead of annual, and in accordance a conven-
tion is being arranged for December of this year.
Expert judges were supplied to the provincial exhibition held at Charlottetown,
All the live stock classes were judged as usual, and as usual the addresses of the judges
at the ring side on the placing of the awards was made a feature. Here as at Halifax
evening sessions were held and at all these meetings much interest was shown, and
lively discussions followed each address.
CANADIAN NATIONAL LIVE STOCK RECORDS.
An important work accomplished during the year was the nationalizing of the
Canadian live stock records. Hitherto numerous records had been kept in the various
provinces, varied to some extent in standard and in their method of administration, in-
volving increasing confusion. At a national convention of live stock breeders held in
1904 a resolution was passed favouring the nationalization of all records for pure bred
stock kept in Canada, and asking the department to take the necessary steps to bring it
about. Between that time and the second annual convention, held in Ottawa in April,
1905, most of the record associations had agreed to nationalize. At this latter meeting
representatives from the different provinces and record associations were met by the
Hon. Minister and Deputy Minister of Agriculture for Canada and an agreement
made, forming a basis upon which the nationalized records shall be conducted. Agree-
ments, varying slightly to suit conditions were drafted; these were signed by the Hon.
Minister of Agriculture on the one side, and the various incorporated live stock record
associations, representatives of provinces, and parties controlling records in Canada on
the other.
These agreements provided that all nationalized records be removed to Ottawa,
where they would still be conducted independent of the Dominion Department of
Agriculture by a record association for each breed; that the record certificates before
being issued be submitted to an officer of the Department of Agriculture who shall
affix the seal of the department to each certificate found correct. At the session of
parliament for this year an Act to amend the Act Eespecting the Incorporation of
Live Stock Record Associations became law, and since that time all pedigree certific-
ates issued by the national records have been uniform in style and have borne the seal
of the Department of Agriculture. The following is a list of the breeds of stock that
have, thus far, agreed to nationalize their records: Shorthorn, Hereford, Aberdeen
Angus, Galloway, Jersey, Guernsey, French-Canadian and Ayrshire cattle; Clydesdale,
15 — Di
xl . DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906
Shire, Belgian Draft, French-Canadian and Hackney horses, and the various breeds
of sheep and swine.
EXTENSION OF TRADE IN LRE STOCK.
During the year consignments of live stock were purchased and shipped to the
Director of Agriculture for the Orange Eiver Colony, South Africa, and to the Board
of Agriculture, British Guiana, South America.
POULTEY DIVISION.
How the work is conducted. — The work of the division is carried on through
poultry illustration stations, of which there have been three classes, fatting, rearing
and breeding.
Eleven fatting stations were operated in 1904. Good thrifty cockerels were bought
from the farmers, fed in crates until fat, dressed and marketed.
At the two rearing stations eggs from good Barred Rock hens are bought. The
best of the cockerels and pullets reared are sold for breeding, the remainder fattened
and sold dressed.
The five breeding stations are operated the year round. One hundred laying hens
are kept, eggs and breeding stock are sold, and seasonable illustration work is
carried on.
Present equipment. — In January, 1905, the 11 fatting stations were discontinued;
the equipment was allowed to remain for the present in order that the manager might
carry on the work either for himself or co-operatively. Every encouragement was
given farmers in the locality to fatten their own birds. Fattening crates were loaned
them and instruction given, as well as help in marketing their produce.
Seven stations are operated by the division this year, two rearing and five breed-
ing. Two incubators are kept at the rearing stations and brooders and colony houses
tc accommodate the chickens incubated. The equipment of a breeding station consists
of a poultry house suitable to accommodate 100 breeding hens, an incubator and pluck-
ing room, a rough fatting shed where the feeding crates are situated, two to four in-
cubators, and a number of brooders and colony houses for rearing operations.
The year's worJc. — The work carried on at the stations is illustrative along com-
mercial lines. Successful experiments are carried to the farmer and he is shown how
best to apply them to his own conditions. The demand for pure-bred eggs for hatching
could not be supplied. A large number of cockerels and pullets have been sold from
the various stations and the average farm flock in the districts is thereby being im-
proved. Special attention is directed to a number of features in connection with the
year's work.
Utility fowl. — A good year-round producer might be called a utility bird — one that
will lay eggs when prices are high; and eggs that will produce chicks of a good con-
REPORT OF TEE MINISTER
xU
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
stitution. It is such a type of farmei''s fowl that the poultry clivision is endeavouring
to produce. Each year only the most promising pullets are retained for the breeding
pens, and in order to improve the laying qualities of the flock trap nests are used.
Trap nests enable breeders to keep individual records of the hens. There are a
number of effective trap nests so simple in construction that any one can make them.
A full description of the two styles used by the division is given in Bulletin No^ 7.
An instance of the interesting facts brought out by the trap nest is seen in the case
cf one pen of Barred Rock pullets at one station. The eggs for the month of January
are given in the following table : —
EGG RECORD, DOMINION POULTRY STATION, BOWMANVILLE.
Pen No. Jf. — Barred BocJes — January, 1905.
Date.
Hen Number.
1
2
3
4
5 6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
2
:::::: i i i
1
1
3
1 i 5
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
"i' "
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
6
i
1 1
1
1
1
8
1
1
9
1
1
1 1
1
10
■"i"! ■ l"
' i
1
......
1
1
1
11
1
"i"
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
1
1
1
1
13
1 1
1
14
1
1
1
1
1
1.5
1
16
i
1
17
1
IS
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
19
1
i
1
1
1
"i"
1
1
20
1
21
1
1
1
1
' "i"
22
1 1
1
1
23
1
24
1
1
1
1
25
1
1 _
26
1
...... ......|...^..
1
27
1
28 . . .
1
1
......
1
29
1
1
1
30
1
1
31
1
1
1
Totals
2 17 j 20
8 27
15
3
18
11
5
2
17
It will be seen that two of these pullets laid only two eggs each while another
laid 27 during the month. Half the birds in ib^s pen averaged about five each, the
other half, 19. Throughout the year the comparative difference of individuals was
almost as well marked. It is an important fact that birds that laid well In the winter
also did well during the summer. The pullet that laid 27 eggs in January had 25 to
xlil DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
her credit in June, and by the middle of October she had laid since January 1, 182
eggs.
A further record was kept to see how the eggs of these best-laying pullets would
hatch, and if the chicks would have sufficient vitality. They proved from 20 per cent
to 25 per cent more fertile than eggs from poor layers, and the mortality was about
40 per cent less.
Free Range for Chicks. — AX several of the stations the colony houses were so
arranged that after the chicks were a month old they were practically allowed free
range. The colony houses were placed in an orchard and the chicks had the shade
of the trees and the run of the orchard as well as of an additional pasture field. These
chicks made rapid progress at an apparently smaller cost than those which were con-
fined.
Crate-fed Chiclcens. — The greater demand and increased price for fatted chickens
is very encouraging. The demand is not being supplied; much more poultry could have
been sold from the stations than was produced. All poultry should be fattened before
it is put on the market. To show that it pays to fatten cockerels, take the case of 12
birds fed at one station in October, 1904. Before going into the crates the cockerels
weighed 41 lb. At eight cents per lb. they were worth $3.28. In 14 days they con-
sumed—
Oatmeal, 56 lbs. at li cents 84 cents.
Skim-milk, 80 lbs ^ .... 16 "
Grit, 5 lbs 5 "
$1 05
Making a total cost of $4.33. The dressed weight was 50 lb. and sold at 14
cents per lb., or $7 ; a gain of $2.67, equal to 61 per cent on the investment.
The Broiler Trade. — All poultry keepers can not produce broilers, but for those
who can the trade is very inviting. Produce men will give from 20 cents to 40 cents
per lb. live weight for plump young chickens weighing from IJ to 3 lb. per pair,
from March to the middle of May, the higher price for the earlier birds.
White Diarrhoea. — A disease known as ' white diarrhoea ' was prevalent among
incubator chicks last spring, especially throughout Ontario, to such an extent that it
became alarming, and an investigation was instituted, to find if possible a cause and
remedy. A number of the largest poultry plants in Ontario, a few in New York
State, and two in Quebec were visited. In many places the disease had made its
appearance for the first time, at several it had been noticed the previous year, and a
few cases of it had been seen for several years, though not to an alarming extent.
The chicks were attacked the first ten or twelve days after hatching; in some instances
the disease was present before the chicks left the incubator. Non-absorption of the
yolk usually accompanied the complaint. Several plants were visited where the death
rate was from 75 to 100 per cent, and 50 per cent was quite common. The investigation
REPORT OF THE MINISTER . xliil
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
is incomplete, but the bulk of the data points to lack of ventilation in the incubator
room, and high relative humidity as two of the probable factors. It was noticed that
where only a small number of incubators were used in one room, the chicks were
comparatively free. The investigation will be continued next spring. In the mean-
time it would not be amiss if those who operate incubators would see that the rooms
in which they are kept have sufficient ventilation.
Selling Poultry and Poultry Products.— To sell well, poultry must be uniform,
in good condition, and well dressed. Fatted poultry is worth from 25 per cent to
40 per cent more than that which is lean. The demand is so good this year that most
of the poultry will find a market in Canada. There is no danger of overstocking the
market if the product has the two essentials, excellence and uniformity. The egg
trade is also encouraging from the producer's standpoint; the better the condition in
which they reach the maiket, the higher the price. The best markets will pay from
2 cents to 5 cents a dozen more if the eggs are graded as to size and colour.
Bulletins. — Three bulletins have been issued : No. 7, ' Profi.table Poultry Farm-
ing,' deals with Incubation, The Brooder, The Chicken Trade, Selection of Suitable
Breed, Crate-Fattening Chickens, Preparing Chickens for Market, Marketing Chickens,
Some Station Work in 1904, The Egg Trade, The Flock, Feeds for Poultry, and Trap
Nests. No. 8, ' The Farmer's Poultry House,' describes the need of comfortable
bouses, the proper location, the essentials of a good house, and gives plans and descrip-
tions of seven houses now in use at practical poultry plants. No. 9, ' Diseases and
Parasites of Poultry,' gives description and treatment of thirteen common diseases,
lice, mites and intestinal worms. The demand for the bulletin has been much larger
than was anticipated and it has been found necessary to print a second edition. These
can be obtained on application.
Poultry exhibits made at the fairs. — An exhibit illustrating the work of the
division was made at a number of the fall exhibitions.
The exhibit showed styles of poultry houses, colony houses and brooders, typical
cockerels in feeding crates, shaping board, cases of dressed chickens, trap nests, assorted
and unassorted eggs, plans of poultry houses, samples of various poultry and chick
foods, bulletins, &c. Much interest was taken in the exhibit and many complimentary
remarks regarding its value and the work of the division were heard.
Poultry circles have accomplished wonderful results in some places ; there is room
for good work to be done by them in Canada.
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS BRANCH.
Much practical help is rendered to the farmers of Canada by the experimental
farms. The literature published by the officers of the farms consists of annual reports
of the various branches of the work in progress under the different climatic conditions
prevailing in the many settled districts of the Dominion, and of special bulletins on
important topics. These give helpful information and are of the greatest assistance
xliv DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
to all those engaged in agricultural work. The publications of the farms are sent free
to every farmer who asks for them, and about 60,000 are now regularly supplied
through the permanent mailing list at the central farm at Ottawa. The correspon-
dance of the officers of the central and branch farms with those seeking information
in every line of farming, is very large, and constantly increasing. Convincing testi-
mony as to the value of the information furnished is given by farmers in every section
of the country, many of whom attribute much of their success to the practical character
of the information thus supplied to them.
In arranging the experimental work carried on at all the farms, special attention
is paid to such aspects of farm industry as are likely to have the most practical bearing
on the profits of the farmer. The examples given in improved methods of cultivating
the soil, in the selecting of choice varieties of grain and other important farm crops
combining a high degree of productiveness with earliness and good quality, and plac-
ing samples of these at his disposal, are all very helpful. The proper rotation of crops,
sc as to lessen the exhaustion of the soil, the renewal of its fertility by the use of
natural and artificial manures, and the ploughing under of clovers and other legumin-
ous crops, are subjects to which much attention is given. The demonstrations made
with dairy and beef herds of cattle as to the most profitable methods of feeding, and
the results of tests in the management of swine and sheep, feeding different sorts of
food, looking to the economic production of pork and mutton, have also proved exceed-
ingly useful; and by thus combining example with precept a widespread stimulus to
production has been given in these important branches of farming.
THE PRODUCTION OP HARDY FRUITS FOR THE CANADIAN NORTHWEST.
Fruit is a healthful addition to the diet, and the farmer who can command a
supply for himself and his family has gained a point of great advantage. Hitherto
the success attending the efforts to grow apples in the western prairie country has been
very limited; but of late experiments made in the cross-breeding of hardier sorts have
given excellent results. The hardiness of some of the new varieties, which are quite
large enough for domestic use, and are of good quality, is being thoroughly tested at
many points at different altitudes in the Northwest, and the reports received concern-
ing them are most encouraging. There is now very little doubt that within a few
years a number of useful sorts will be available which will be quite hardy in all the
settled parts of the Northwest country.
Efforts are also being made to stimulate the growing of small fruits, especially
currants, gooseberries and raspberries, many of which are quite hardy through all the
settled districts of the prairie country.
THE BREEDING AND SELECTION OF CEREALS.
While it is important that every branch of farm work be made the subject of inves-
tigation and experiment, the production of cereals, on which so much of our national
prosperity is based, receives deservedly a large share of attention. By virging the use
of clean and pure seed, and clean cultivation, much good is being done; while by pro-
ducing earlier maturing varieties, associated with productiveness and high quality, the
REPORT OF THE MIXL^TER ^ xlv
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
area of wheat growing in Canada is being extended and the quality and quantity of
our cereal products advanced. By judicious crossing and selection of improved forms,
much fvirther progi-ess may yet be made ; indeed the possibilities in the way of im-
provement in this direction seem to be unlimited.
VISITS OF FARM OFFICERS TO DIFFERENT LOCALITIES.
Visits have been paid by the Director and some of the chief officers from time to
time to varioTis parts of the Dominion with the object of ascertaining what progress is
being made, and what branches of farming are likely to be most profitable in such
places. Information is also gained as to how farm work can be most successfully
conducted under the special conditions prevailing in the different sections visited.
This work has aided in making the efforts of farmers more generally effective.
DISTRIBUTIOX OF GRAIN FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF SEED.
Under my instruction this useful branch of the work has been continued; and the
benefits it confers have been widely appreciated. The sample bags sent out have con-
tained five pounds each in the case of wheat and barley, and four pounds in that of
oats, sufficient in each instance for the sowing of one-twentieth of an acre. The sam-
ples of pease, Indian corn and potatoes have weighed three pounds each. They are
all forwarded through the mail free. In consequence of the large demand, it has been
found necessary to limit each applicant to one sample each season. Hence, it takes
many years before the enterprising farmer can test all the varieties likely to be useful
to him, and with the great influx of new settlers into different parts of the country, it
is likely that there will be a steady increase in the deniiind for scuh material.
During the past year more than 40,000 farmers have thus been supplied with
samples of the best strains of seed of the most important crops, the seed in each case
being thoroughly cleaned and of the best quality obtainable. By the careful cultiva-
tion of these samples, any farmer can, in the course of two or three years, produce seed
sufficient for a large area of land without cost to himself beyond that of his own
labour.
AGEICULTUEE AND LIVE STOCK DIVISION.
FIELD WORK.
The work in this division during the past year has been along the lines of (a.)
methods of soil cultivation, (Z>.) values of different crops as grain or forage producers,
and (c.) the study of rotations as means of improving soils.
Soil cultivation. — The aim in the work carried on in soil cultivation is to study
the best methods of increasing the humus content of the soil and the retention of that
humus where it will be most readily available to growing crops.
Cray values, — A comparison is being made of different varieties of corn for siloing
purposes, of different varieties and kinds of roots for cattle feeding pui-poses, and of
different kinds of grasses and legumes for hay making purposes. The comparative
cost of production of these different crops is also being studied.
xlvi DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD Vil., A. 1906
Rotations. — The value of rotation in soil improvement is very generally accepted,
but comparatively little is known as to the best rotations to follow under difPerent con-
ditions. To gain some information on this point a number of different rotations are
being given a fairly thorough test as to their effects upon different soils. Some 43 lots
varying in area from 1 acre to 14 acres and making up 12 different rotations are being
studied. The different rotations each include practically all kinds of soil.
"*" ANIMAL HUSBANDRY.
Practically all classes of domestic animals are bred. The feeding and breeding
operations include hoi-ses, dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and swine.
Horses. — The breeding operations with horses are very limited, but considerable
work has been done in studying feeding problems in connection with this class of live
stock during the past few years. The chief lines of woi-k have been (1) the determina-
tion«of the values of different kinds of hay as horse forage; (2) the study of different
kinds of grain feeds for horses, and (3) an examinatioh into the economy of feeding
roots or other succulent feeds as a part of the ration for (a) working horses, (h) idle
horses.
Dairy Cattle. — Quite extensive operations in breeding and feeding dairy cattle are
carried on. Four herds of different breeds are under observation and experimentation.
They are Ayrshires, Canadians, Guernseys and Shorthorns, with a number of grades
of each breed. ,
They are being studied as to (1) comparative economy of production of (a) milk,
(fe) butter fat, (2) vigour, and length of useful period of life, and (3) comparative
values as consumers of rough forage.
A study is also being made of the comparative value of pure-bred and grade herds
(1) where value of milk and its products alone is considered, and (2) where value of
offspring, whether pure bred or grade, at average market prices for each sort is in-
cluded.
The question of the advisability of farmers keeping dual purpose cows is being
studied, but results as yet are vei-y indefinite. Where grade cattle are kept our findings
seem to point to purely dairy strains as being the more profitable, but where pure-breds
of each class are compared there does not seem to be very much difference since
generally speaking, pure-breds of the Shorthorn milking strains sell for higher prices
than pure-breds of most of the purely dairy breeds.
Experiments in feeding are being carried on continually and much valuable in-
formation as to the value of different feeds for milk production is being gained and
distributed throughout the country. Methods of feeding are also being studied and
much information gained.
«
Steers. — A considerable number of steers is fed each year. The lines of work
pursued being (1) influence of age on cost of production, (2) influence of various
rations on cost of production, (3) influence of method of feeding on cost of production.
REPORT OF THE MINISTER xlvii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
and (4) influence of rate of feeding on cost of production. Results published from
year to year have excited much interest. A new line of work is being incepted, viz. :
the study of quality of stocker fed on quality of meat produced and on profit of feed-
ing operations.
Swine. — Much work in the study of the economical production of bacon pigs is
constantly under way. A bulletin dealing with this problem has just been published.
Feeding operations during the past years have been fairly successful.
Sheep. — Two breeds are kept, Shropshires and Leicesters. They have done very
well this year. Some experimental feeding has been conducted and will be found
reported upon in the Experimental Farms Report for 1905.
HORTICULTURAL DIVISION.
The past season was a favourable one for nearly all kinds of fruits and vegetables
in the horticultural division, and good crops were obtained, the apple crop being the
largest in the history of the orchard.
Much useful information has been gained during the past eighteen years from the
testing of the different varieties. Many have been discarded which did not prove of
sufficient merit to continue growing, or were too tender to withstand the winters. Full
descriptions have been made and careful records kept of both the good and poor varie-
ties so that the history of them can be readily referred to in the future. The collection
of promising seedling apples of Canadian origin was still further increased this year.
This collection contains the best of the unnamed seedlings which are sent in for ex-
amination. A number of the seedlings raised from seed of some of the best varieties
which have fruited at the experimental farm fruited for the first time this year, and
among them are some of considerable promise.
Plums. — The European or domestic plum does not succeed in the colder parts of
Ontario and in many parts of the province of Quebec, hence special attention has been
given to the testing of the hardiest varieties of that class, and to the improvement
of the native and American species which succeed over a large area. Some very good
seedlings have fruited this year. What is desired is a plum with a thinner and tenderer
skin than most of those now on the market, and an improvement in qviality. It is
believed tliat some of the experimental farm seedlings are better than many of the
named varieties now on the market. The stones of these seedlings have been planted
in the hope of raising other seedlings which will be still better.
Grapes. — During the past eighteen years nearly 200 varieties of grapes have been
tested, and it is now possible to recommend with confidence a number of varieties
which are almost sure to ripen every year where the climate is somewhat the same as
that at Ottawa. This year, which was a moderately favourable one, 90 varieties
ripened in the open air at the Experimental Farm. Different methods of training the
vines have been tried, and the system now adopted is considered very satisfactory for
districts where the vines have to be covered with soil in winter. In this system there
xlviii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
aiie two horizontal arms springing from a crown near the ground. These arms are
renewed every year or every two years, and being easily bent are readily covered with
soil, which has been "found to be the best means of protecting the vines during the
winter.
Currants. — The currant has not received as much attention, as it deserves in
America, but at the Central ExiJerimental Fann this fruit has been given a thorough
test as it is of great value in the colder parts of Canada where the large fruits do not
succeed very well. Among the most promising of these are a number of black currant
seedlings originated by Dr. Wm. Saunders The best of these are superior to the older
varieties and as they become better known will, no doubt, supersede the older kinds.
Individuality of fruits. — The yield from each individual fruit tree is kept separate
at the experimental farm, and it has been found that some trees of the same age and
of the same variety and under apparently about the same conditions have yielded much
better than others, thus showing a marked individuality in respect to their productive-
ness. If this individuality is preserved in trees grafted from the productive trees and
from the unproductive, it will show the importance of propagating from the most pro-
ductive trees. Trees were grafted both this year and last from trees varying thus in
productiveness for the purpose of demonstrating whether this individuality is main-
tained or not.
In addition to the experiments with fruits already referred to, experiments with
other fruits, such as pears, cherries, raspberries, gooseberries and strawberries were con-
tinued this year.
Experiments in spraying have been among the most important lines of work car-
ried on by the horticultural division during the past fifteen years This year a power
sprayer was bought, the operation of which has furnished useful information in regard
to the economy of utilizing greater power than can be obtained with the ordinary hand
pump.
Potatoes. — The potato is one of the most important food crops in Canada, and for
this reason it has been given especial attention among vegetables. This year a bulletin
was published on ' The Potato and its Culture ' by the horticulturist, in which were
given the results of experiments for the past eighteen years, with recommendations for
the best methods of culture. It is hoped that this bulletin will have some influence in
improving the potato crop in Canada. The blight and rot cause more or less injury
to the potato crop every year, but during the past few years the loss has been much
greater than usual. Careful experiments conducted at the Central Experimental Farm
and elsewhere have clearly proven that the disease can be controlled by thorough spray-
ing with Bordeaux mixture, but it is difiicult to get farmers to spray. For some
years it has been noticed and recorded that certain varieties were freer from blight
than others. These are now being more carefully tested with the object of finding,
if possible, a variety which by careful selection will withstand the blight so as to avoid
the necessity of spraying.
REPORT OF THE MINISTER slix
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
Tobacco. — Experiments with tobacco were carried on again this year as usual,
especial attention having been given to the relative state of maturity of the different
kinds when harvested.
Forest Belts. — The forest belts continue to furnish useful information on the
relative rate of growth of the different kinds of timber trees.
Arloretum and Botanic Garden. — The fine collection of trees, shrubs, and her-
baceous perennials in the arboretum and botanic garden is attracting more attention
every year. This year it looked particularly well as it was a very favourable season for
growth. Each year additional information is gained on the many species and varieties
in the collection, and this is given to the public as soon as it is practicable to do so.
ENTOMOLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL DIVISION.
Farmers and fruit growers in Canada are appreciating more and more every year
the value of knowledge of injurious insects and other plant pests. The Government
entomologists at the central experimental farm have continued their investigations
of the life-histories and habits of all kinds of insects reported to them, or found to be
injuring crops. Insect enemies of household goods have also been studied and much
valuable information has been sent out from the division, by which considerable loss
has been prevented. The marked increase in the correspondence of the division of
entomology and botany shows that farmers are recognizing that they can obtain
prompt and practical assistance, and are making use of the advantages offered by this
and other divisions of the central experimental farm.
The duty of the officers of this division are to study as thoroughly as possible all
insects and plants which are likely to cause loss to farmers and others, with a view to
finding out as speedily as possible the most rational and economic way of dealing with
these. The work is carried on actively both in the field where many experiments are
tried, and in the office and museum. In the field the various insecticides and fungicides
are tested as well as the machinery nec^sary for the work. Any one wishing to examine
this machinery or to see l^ovt it is used is welcomed, and every pains taken to assist
those who wish to learn. The collections in the museum are of great interest to visitors
who frequently recognize an enemy by examining the cases, which they may have had
difficulty in describing to the officers when seeking advice. These collections have been
materially increased and improved during the past year, and very large additions have
also been made to the collections of botanical specimens in the herbarium, and of
weed seeds.
Many thousand specimens of insects and plants have been named by the en-
tomologist and botanist which have been sent in by scientific students, farmers, horti-
culturists and others. The now extensive collections of the division have been con-
siderably enriched from these correspondents, who have gladly presented to the museum
all specimens asked for.
As in the past I have been able to meet the wishes of many farmers by sending
the entomologist and botanist to deliver addresses before farmers institutes, and at
1 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD Vii.. A. 1906
other meetings, where a large number can at one time learn what is being done to
lessen losses to their crops, and where much useful information has been disseminated.
Insect Enemies. — The season of 1905, I am glad to say, has not been marked by
the occurrence of any serious outbreak by insect pests, but the entomologist reports
that there has been an exceptionally large number of inquiries about different kinds
of injurious insects, and that in all cases he has been able to give advice by which
loss might be lessened.
Cereal Crops. — The only injuries of importance which have been done by insects
during the past year were by the Hessian Fly in Prince Edward Island, Manitoba and
eastern Assiniboia. The Joint Worm appears to be increasing somewhat in Prince
Edward Island. The Wheat Midge, which did considerable harm in British Columbia
last year, extended its area somewhat in 1905. It also occurred in Prince Edward
Island and possibly in Ontario. Steps have been taken to make the best remedies
known as widely as possible. The corn crop was somewhat attacked by insects, but
nowhere to any serious degree. The cold, dry spring in central Ontario retarded ger-
mination, and some loss occurred from the ravages of the Seed-corn Maggot. The
Stem-borer did some harm in western Ontario.
Busts. — These parasitic fungi which did so much harm last year to the wheat
crops in the prairie provinces were this year hardly noticeable except in one or two
r^tricted localities, and no appreciable loss was sustained on the general crop of the
west.
ROOT CROPS AND. VEGETABLES.
Cutworms as usual did some harm in all parts of the Dominion but were easily
controlled by the poisoned bran remedy which has been so highly recommended by the
entomologist. The most striking outbreak was by the larvae of a species of noctuid
m.oth, knovpn to science as Barathra occidentata, but which has not as yet received
any popular name owing to its great rarity in collections. Caterpillai's of this moth
were injuriously abundant in many places over a wide area. Complaints and speci-
mens came from as far east as Nova Scotia and as far w_est as Nepigon, north of
Lake Superior. The injuries in gardens at Ottawa, where the species was thoroughly
studied, were considerable and a great many different kinds of plants were attacked.
This insect illustrates the advantage of studying all kinds of insects whether scarce
or not. As soon as it appeared it was recognized by the experts in the division, and
steps were taken at once to check its ravages and at the same time to fill in some
important missing links in its life history.
The Sugar-beet WehvJorm appeared in large numbers at Magrath, Alta., and
caused in some fields a loss of between 8 and 10 tons of roots to the acre.
The Turni'p Aphis was not as injurious as usual but still was the cause of con-
siderable loss to cauliflowers and turnips in almost all provinces of the Dominion.
The Red Turnip Beetle, which is sometimes the cause of minor losses on cruci-
ferous crops in the west, was this year sent in as a destructive pest for the interior
of British Columbia and from the Yukon Territory.
REPORT OF THE MINISTER li
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
FRUIT CROPS.
The San Jose Scale. — This destructive enemy of the fruit-grower still exists,
and from lack of- drastic and universal treatment by fruit-growers, has done much
harm in the infested district in Ontario. Careful orchardists have, however, shown
that the lime and sulphur wash, if properly applied, will allow them to grow paying
crops in infested orchards and maintain their trees in a vigorous condition.
The Woolly Aphis of the Apple. — This although much dreaded by fruit growers
on account of its ravages to the south of us and in other parts of the world, has not
been the cause of much loss in Canadian orchards. During the past season, however,
it has been present to a remarkable degree and there has been much inquiry con-
cerning it. The native and introduced hawthorns seem to have been much more
attacked than the apple. A similar species on the alders does not attack fruit trees
as many suppose, and there is no danger from this insect.
FOREST AKD SHADE TREES.
The White-marked Tussock-moth. — Public attention has been drawn to this in-
sect which for many years has been destroying the beauty of the shade trees in some
of our large cities. The civic authorities are now bestirring themselves and it is
hoped that before long this trouble will disappear.
The Cottony Maple Scale has been abundant and very objectionable on the shade
trees in London, Ont., and in some other western towns.
The Spruce Gall-Louse has been remarkably abundant this year and many in-
quiries have been received as to its habits.
The Larch Saw-fly, which many years ago destroyed the whole tamarack forests of
the northeastern parts of the Dominion, again this year appeared in noticeable
numbers.
The Larch Case-hearer, a European insect which has never previously been detected
in Canada, was this year found in some numbers on the European larch trees and
native tamaracks at the central experimental farm.
With regard to all of the above injuries, advice and assistance has been given
promptly. Many other insects of more or less importance have been studied and accu-
rate records kept.
There has also recently been issued from the division a bulletin in which all the
well-known insects injurious to grain and fodder crops, roots and vegetables, are
treated concisely, and the best remedies given. As this bulletin is very fully illus-
trated, I trust that it will be of considerable use to those engaged in cultivating the
soil in all parts of Canada.
lii DEPARTMEyr OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
CHEMISTRY DIVISION.
In the work of the past yeai* there has been, as formerly, much done of immediate
and direct help to the individual farmer, and also a considerable amount of research
that will be of assistance in the various specialized branches of Canadian agriculture.
As far as practicable, examination is made of soils, well waters, cattle feeds, insecti-
cides, &c., &c., that may be sent in by farmers. In the neighbourhood of 500 such
samples have been examined this year. This branch of work, in addition to the in-
formation given by correspondence in response to inquiries on farming matters, and
more particularly relating to chemistry of agriculture, has proven of great and increas-
ing value to the practical farmer. The rational treatment of soils with a view to the
economic maintenance and increase of their fertility, the use of fertilizers, the relative
values of fodders and feeding stuffs are among some of the more important matters
treated of daily by letter. It is by siich means that the farmer is educated in his
work and afforded help that he could not otherwise obtain.
Of the researches instituted or continued during the year, mention may be made
of 'several of the more important as follows : —
The Winter Care of Mamire. — This series of experiments was planned to ascer-
tain the losses of plant food that may take place from December to April, when piled
in large and small heaps respectively. It is expected that the results will be of con-
siderable help in the better care and application of this important source of fertility.
The Management of Orchard. Soils with a Vieiv to Increasing their Fertility and
the control of their Moisture Content. — This work was beg-un several years ago and
includes a study of the effect of various .leguminoits plants grown as cover crops, and
an inquiiy into the soil moisture remained and lost under different systems of cultiva-
tion. It has been shown that by keeping a dry earth mulch until the tree has made
its annual growth, say, July 1, followed by a leguminous crop to be turned under early
the following spring, the tree may be furnished with all the moisture necessary for its
growth and the filling out of the fruit, and the soil considerably enriched in humus
and nitrogen.
The Loss of Nitrogen due to Fallowing. — Analyses have been made of a number
of cultivated and virgin soils from the Northwest with a view to determine the exhaus-
tion of plant food by fallowing and the continued cropping with grain. The results
indicate a very considerable loss of organic (vegetable) matter and its concomitant,
nitrogen, when this practice extends over a period, say, of 25 years. This investigation
(which is still in progress) is one of great importance, for it points very emphatically
towards the necessity of some change in the methods of the wheat growers if the fer-
tility of the soil is to be maintained — the adoption of a rotation that will occasionally
add humus and nitrogen to the soil. The amount of nitrogen lost by fallowing
appears to be greater than that withdrawn by the crop of wheat.
Enrichment of Soils hy Clover. — This series of experiments, begun in 1902 and
continued yearly since that date, has given valuable and interesting data. The plan
REPORT OF THE JIIXIsTER liil
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
consists in growing clover in pots and plots containing soil uniform throughout and
of which the nitrogen content had been determined. At the close of each season the
clover was taken up, weighed, cut finely, and returned to its respective pot or plot, as
the case might be. In the following spring the soil is again analysed and the increase
in nitrogen content ascertained. An average of the several experiments to date shows
an enrichment in nitrogen of approximately 80 pounds per annum, per acre, in the
first 8 inches of soil.
Reclamation of Swamp or Peaty Lands. — A prelimiary series of experiments to
learn the special requirements of such soils was commenced this year. Various com-
binations of phosphoric acid, potash and lime were employed as fertilizers, and oats
the crop used to ascertain their effect. The first season's results go to show that potash
was the element that gave the largest return, though improved yields also followed the
application of basic slag — an alkaline form of phosphoric acid.
Inoculation for the Growth of Legumes, — Further trials with clover and alfalfa
have been made, using cultures kindly furnished by the Bureau of Plant Industry,
Washington, D.C., and the Bacteriological Department of the Ontario Agricidtural
College, Guelph. Increased yields were obtained from certain of the inoculated plots.
In the majority of the trials, however, the character of the soil and its drainage appeared
to be more potent factors than the ' Nitroculture.' From an examination of the roots
from the untreated and inoculated seed no material difference either in quantity or
size of the nodules was observable. This points to an abundance of the nitrogen-fixing
bacteria in the soil of the Experimental Farm, Ottawa.
Fodders and Feeding Stuffs. — The feeding value of a large number of concentrated
feeding stuffs upon the Canadian market has been determined. These include the
so-called stock foods and various milling and manufactory by-products. The relative
nutritive value of the various farm roots has also been under investigation. There is
an ever increasing demand from dairymen and stock feeders for information relating
to feeds and fodders generally, and consequently the results obtained in the Exiieri-
mental Farm Laboratory are of wide interest and value.
Investigations Relating to Dairying. — Certain important researches undertaken
in connection with the dairying industry have occupied our attention. These include
the examination of mill?; preserved by hydrogen peroxide as received from Denmark,
the analysis of a milk powder prepared from whey, an inquiry into the volatile acid
content of two-year-old cheese, and several other matters of more or less interest. The
report of these investigations is published in Bulletin No. 6, Dairy Series, May, 1905.
Grades of Wheat. — In conjunction with the Cereal Division an investigation to
determine the value of the various grades of wheat (Manitoba Inspection Division)
was undertaken in the early months of the present year. The results are presented,
together with those from the Cereal Division, in Bulletin No. 50 of the Experimental
Farms Series.
15 — E
liv DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906
CEREAL DIVISION.
Owing to the rapid influx of settlers into the great prairies of Manitoba, Saskatch-
ewan and Alberta, and the constant demand for information in regard to the various
problems connected with the cultivation of cereals in those districts, it has been
deemed advisable for the present to pay special attention in this Division to the needs
of these newer provinces, without losing sight, however, of the requirements of those
sections of Canada which have been settled for a longer time.
New Varieties of Wheat. — Much attention Ls being given to the production of new
varieties of wheat of high quality suitable to the needs of those sections of our country
where the summer is of comparatively .short duration and also to the production of
such sorts as are required to meet unusual conditions in other districts. Considerable
success has already been attained in these lines of work. Many thousand new sorts,
chiefly single plants of each, were raised at the Central Farm this j^ear, from among
which the most promising kinds were retained for further trial. About a hundred care-
fully selected strains from the best of the older varieties were also grown. Some of
these were rejected on account of weakness of straw, liability to rust, or for other de-
fects, and the remainder will be propagated for test on a larger scale. Among them
are some very promising sorts, including some new strains of Red Fife which, being
of assured purity and ripening .somewhat earlier than the parent variety, are of parti-
cular interest.
Other Cereals. — Many new cross-bred sorts of oats, barley and peas were grown at
the Central Farm, though not in such large numbei-s as in the case of wheat. Only a
small proportion of these will be retained for further trial, as it is not thought desir-
able to add to the number of varieties now in general cultivation, except when new
sorts of distinct merit are produced.
Test Plots. — The usual comparative tests were carried on for the determination of
the relative earliness, productiveness and other qualities of the leading varieties of the
different cereals. The rather heavy rain-storms which occurred during the ripening
season made the observations on the relative strength of straw particularly interesting.
Nearly all varieties gave large returns, and the grain was of good quality.
The uniform test-plots of mangels, carrots, turnips, sugar beets and fodder corn
gave very satisfactory results, the abundant rainfall throughout the growing season
being favourable to the growth of these crops.
Western Wheat. — The cerealist, in charge of this division, was directed to visit
some of the most important sections of Manitoba and Saskatchewan at harvest time
to study the effects of soil and climate on the wheat kernel, and also to a.scertain what
varieties of wheat are to be found mixed with Red Fife, and to what extent these
appear to lower the value of the wheat crop in general. Nearly a dozen easily distin-
guishable sorts were observed, and though the proportions in which some of them are
present are small, others were found in very significant amounts. Most of these vari-
eties are inferior to true Red Fife for the production of very strong flour, and their
REPORT OF THE MINISTER Iv
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
presence lowers the actual value of the grain, even though the sale price may not be
immediately lessened. Unfortunately some of these undesirable sort* have hard red
kernels which easily pass for Red Fife.
These facts, as well as the presence in many wheat fields, of wild oats and other
dangerous weeds, serve to emphasize the importance of careful methods of soil cultiva-
tion and the sowing of clean seed, true to name.
Grades of ^Yheat. — During the winter months an exhaustive study of the milling
and chemical value of the grades of wheat in the Manitoba Inspection Division was
made by the cereal and chemical divisions jointly, with a view to ascertaining how far
the relative selling prices of the different grades might be considered as an expression
of their true value. Much important information was gained by this work, and it was
clearly demonstrated that some of the lower grades of wheat which are usually re-
garded as unfit for flour making (and which sell at relatively low prices in consequence)
will produce a considerable amount of flour of good quality, from which excellent Ijread
can be made. So long, however, as the demand of the public is for flour capable of
producing extremely high, light loaves of almost white colour, it may be difficult or im-
possible for millers to grind the lower grades of wheat at a profit. The results of this
investigation were published in Bulletin No. 50 of the Experimental Farm series.
POULTRY DIVISION.
The experimental work conducted during the past year in this Division has been
of a nature calculated to be useful to the farming community at large. Among the
more important experiments made, or investigations continued may be mentioned the
following' : —
1. Continuation of inquiry, begun three or four years ago, into the cause or
causes of so many weak germs in eggs laid, in early spring, by hens which were kept
in warm houses and gently stimulated to lay during the w'inter season. From time
of going into winter qnartei-s until spring these fowls had no opportunity to run out-
side. Their life and treatment during that period were strikingly artificial.
2. Continued investigation was made into what experimental Avork had shown
to be another serious obstacle in the way of the successful hatching of chickens in
early .spring, and which is doubtle.-is the result of weak germs, viz., the reason for the
death about the eighteenth or nineteenth day, of so many fully developed chickens
apparently unable to break their way out of the shell.
So many inquiries have been received in reference to these serious drawbacks to
the farmer.* of early chickens as to lead to the conclusion that they are the cause of
much loss in time and young stock to many persons and at a period of the season when
both are more valuable than later on.
3. During the year an important line of work was begun and carried on with the
view of building up and perpetuating prolific egg laying strains of fowls. By means
15— E.ii
Ivi DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
of trap nests the best laying fowls were detected and placed, according to varieties,
in different pens to be used for breeding stoc-k. From the progeny of these fowls the
best layers will again be selected. In this way strains of prolific egg layers are likely
to be available in the course of a few years. Past experience has shown that many
fowls lay so few. eggs as to be non-profitable and it is well that such birds, which are
really living at the expense of the good layers, should be discovered and done away
with.
4. With the object of building up hardy winter egg laying strains of fowls which
will prove themselves to be prolific layers and correct market types as well, a poultry
house consisting of two divisions with scratching shed attaclunent to each of the
latter was erected and put into operation during the early part of December last. In
this house there is no artificial heat. The windows of the scratching sheds, which
face south, were opened during fine days of winter, and the fowls thus had the benefit
of sunshine, 'fresh air and exercise, the latter in scratching for the whole grain which
was thrown in the straw on the floor of the sheds.
The poultry house proper has a passage way from which the platform underneath
the roosts is cleaned, the egg's collected and the mash and cut bone fed. The nests
used are of the trap nest system. In this way it is anticipated to not only successfully
carry out the work as outlined, but to find a remedy for the weak germs in early
spring eggs. Observation so far carefully made points to fresh air and variety in
the winter rations as likely means of overcoming the latter difiiculty.
5. An important location of tuberculosis in fowls sent from British Columbia,
and black-head in turkeys in a central part of Ontario, were features of the work of
the year. In both cases post mortem examinations of diseased specimens, which had
been forwarded, were made by Dr. Higgins, of the Veterinary Laboratory.
Other useful work in the comparison of different rations in winter egg producei-s ;
effects of various foods on fowls of different ages; experiments in artificial incubation
and brooding were carried on and resulted in the obtaining of data which will be
found at length in the Departmental Eeport.
BRANCH FAEMS.
EXPERIMENTAL FARM FOR THE MARITIME PROVI.NX'ES AT NAPPAX, X.S.
Experimental work has been conducted with many different classes of agricultural
products during the past year, especially with oats, barley and wheat, to gain informa-
tion as to their relative productiveness, earliness and quality and to ascertain those
most suitable for growing in the Maritime Provinces. Similar tests have also been
made with pease, Indian com, field roots and potatoes, with like objects in view. In
this way very useful information has been obtained as to the most profitable varieties
of these several farm products to grow in the Maritime Provinces.
The field crops of hay at Xappan have been very good, much above the average
Oats, also, have given excellent returns.
REPORT OF THE MINISTER Ivii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
Further experiments have been conducted in the feeding of swine to learn which
are the cheapest foods to use there for the production of pork.
Tests have also been continued with fruits, both large and small. Many varie-
ties of apples have yielded well ; but plums, pears and cherries have given a light crop.
Most sorts of small fruits have given good results. Further information has also
been gained by the testing of vegetables, as to the varieties best suited to that part
of the Dominion.
Many examples of all these products have been brought together and displayed
at some of the principal agricultural exhibitions held in Nova Scotda, ISTew Brunswick
and Prince Edward Island, where they have been much admired.
EXPERIMEXTAL FARM FOR MANITOBA, AT BRANDON.
Further experiments have been undertaken at the Brandon Farm in the feeding
of steers, using such kinds of food as are generally available to farmers in Manitoba,
to learn which food Cau be fed to the greatest advantage and produce beef at the least
cost. Pure-bred cattle of several breeds are kept here. Male animals are also avail-
able for the improvement of stock.
A large number of varieties of cereals, Indian corn, field roots and potatoes have
been tested in uniform plots side by side, also grasses, clovers and other useful plants,
to find out which sorts are earliest, most productive and best in quality when grown
in the climate of Manitoba.
Some useful trials have also been made with poultry, looking to the economical
production of eggs as well as of fowl suitable for the table.
The orchards of cross-bred and seedlings apples are making excellent progress
and quite a number of good varieties fruited this year. The b^t of these have been
selected for propagation,, the inferior sorts being rooted up to make space for new sorts
annually produced.
The forest belts, timber plantations, avenues and hedges on this farm continue to
attract much attention, and the success attending this branch of the work has awakened
a general interest in tree planting in Manitoba.
A considerable distribution of young trees and shrubs is made yearly among the
farmers of this province, while a large quantity of tree seeds is also sent out. As a
result of this work, dwellings and farm buildings have been afforded shelter and many
homes have been made more beautiful and attractive..
Experiments are also being conducted with the native plum, by selecting the many
varieties which have been brought together and which have fruited, choosing for pro-
pagation only those which have shown superior earliness and excellence.
Iviii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICT'LTLRE
5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906
"experimental farm for the northwest territories.
The branch Experimental Farm for the Northwest Territories is located at Indian
Head, in the new province of Saskatchewan. At the outset this piece o'f land was
bare prairie and in such open localities crops are liable to injury from strong winds,
which prevail in some years. By the planting of a large number of trees and shrubs,
satisfactory shelter has been obtained and the appearance and surroundings of the
farm greatly changed for the better. The shelter afforded by the trees does much to
protect the growing crops from injury and thus demonstrates the usefulness of trees
for this purpose.
Many individual fanners also have planted considerable numbers of trees, thus
following to some extent the example of the Experimental Farm, in which they have
been aided by the annual distribution of packages of young trees and tree seeds
from the Brandoii and Indian Head Farms. From 1,000 to 1,500 pounds of seed of
native trees are annually distributed from these two western farms.
Excellent fields of grain have been grown at the Indian Head Farm during the
past year. For instance, ten acres of Preston wheat gave a yield of 460 bushels, or
46 bushels per acre. The yields of oats and barley were also very heavy.
The orchards of young fruit trees are fast coming into bearing and attract much
attention from visitors. Many varieties of cross-bred apples and plums bore well
during the past season.
Many experiments with alfalfa have been conducted during the past year. Plots
of half an acre each have been grown side by side to test the relative hardiness and
usefulness of seed obtained from different localities. Seed for some of these experi-
ments has been kindly supplied by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States De-
partment of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., some of it brought from Turkestan as
well as from several special localities in the United States, including Utah and Mon-
tana. The seed sown on some of these plots has been inoculated with the special bac-
teria intended to promote the growth of alfalfa, while that sown on other plots along-
side has not been inoculated. The results of these and many other experiments will
be found in the Annual Report of the Experimental Farms.
The usual uniform tests of all the more important cereals, Indian corn, field
roots and potatoes have been continued here and much information gained thereby.
experimental farm for BRITISH colu:mbia at agassiz.
The climate of many parts of British Columbia being well adapted for nearly all
the fruits grown in temperate climates, a considerable proportion of the land under
cultivation at the Agassiz Farm has been devoted to orchard purposes. A large collec-
tion of varieties of all the principal fruits has been brought together from many parts
of the world and these are grown side by side. As they bear fruit, their relative quality
is ascertained and only those which have superior merit are kept, the others beihg
rooted up and, as far as practicable, new sorts planted in their place. At the recent
REPORT OF THE MIMSTER lix
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
Dominion Exhibition at Xew Westminster a very tine collection of the fruit grown at
Agassiz was disx^layed. This exhibit, which contained many new sorts, was much
admired.
Recently a commercial orchard has been started, consisting of ten or twelve trees
of each of those varieties which are considered of special value, the idea being to show
the relative returns which may be had from cultivating these various sorts.
Experiments have again been conducted with varieties of all the more important
farm crops to gain information as to the relative earliuess, productiveness and quality
of each variety. Samples of those sorts of grain which these tests indicate are likely
to be most useful are sent to farmers in that province for trial.
Trials are also made from year to year, at the Agassiz Farm, with different varie-
ties of clovers, grasses and other fodder plants.
Shorthorn cattle, Dorset horned sheep and Yorkshire and Berkshire pigs are kept
on this farm, and the animals are all doing well.
The Superintendent of the Agassiz Farm attends meetings of farmers in different
parts of the province, especially in those sections of the interior districts where fruit
io extensively cultivated. His wide experience enables him to render much assistance
to those embarking on this industry, and his efforts in this direction are much
appreciated.
GENERAL CROPS.
The Dominion of Canada has again had a bountiful harvest, and in nearly all
parts of the country the returns to the farmers have been of a most encouraging
character. Successive favourable crops have induced large numbers of people to emi-
grate to this country, and the area of land under cultivation is rapidly increasing from
year to year, and, in turn, the total volume of croi^s produced is greatly expanding.
OXTARIO.
In this province the hay has been unusually heavy, and the larger part of the crop
has been well saved. In certain districts the early cut hay was injured somewhat by
rain, but the entire loss from this cause has been comparatively trifling.
Fall wheat has produced an excellent crop, one of the largest for years ; while the
injury from insect pests has been very slight and comparatively little rust has been
reported.
Spring wheat, of which the total area has decreased, has also given more than an
average yield, while the quality is good and the kernel plump.
Barley is growing in popularity on account of the excellent results obtained from
it for feeding purposes. The acreage devoteji to this grain in Ontario is yearly in-
creasing. This crop is well above the average.
Ix DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
The oat crop, which in this province is now the most important of all the cereals,
is in advance of last year, when the crop was one of the largest on record. The crop
this year is estimated at over 105,000,000 bushels. Most of this has been well saved
and is of good quality.
Cold, wet weather prevailed shortly after the corn was planted, which was dis-
couraging; but warm weather in July gave it a great stimulus and it developed
rapidly, and by the time it was ready to cut it had made more than the average growth
and turned out very satisfactorily.
In some districts, field roots have been injured by the ' turnip aphis ' and other
insects, which have materially reduced the ci'op. In other sections these roots have
done well and given good returns. The weather has been favourable for growing and
harvesting them.
Potatoes have yielded well in most localities and almost up to the time of digging
were believed to be nearly free from rot ; but about this time rot set in and prevailed
to such an extent as to reduce the value of the crop considerably. On the whole,
however, there has been less rot than usual.
Under the stimulus of favourable conditions, most pastures have been good, and
the dairy industry has flourished. High prices have stimulated production and the
exports both of cheese and butter have been large and the returns very remunerative.
Pork production has been well sustained, and the exports heavy.
The yield of apples is considerably less than last year, but as regards size and
quality they are above the average. Peaches and pears have both given good crops,
while plums and cherries have been below the average. Grapes have yielded largely
and ripened well, and all sorts of small fruits have given satisfactory returns.
QUEBEC.
In the westerly counties of the province of Quebec there has been sufficient rain-
fall, the hay has yielded well and pastures have kept green and fresh and the output
of the dairies has been heavy. The eastern counties have, however, suffered con-
siderably from draught and in those districts there has been a lessening of the output
of butter and cheese. Stock generally is reported to be in good condition.
Spring wheat has done well and in some districts exceptionally good returns have
been obtained.
Oats are generally a very good crop and are said to be fully up to the average of
past years.
Barley has succeeded well and given good returns, while the grain is also of good
qvjality.
Com in some parts has given an unusually good crop, while in other localities it
is below the average. Field roots have given very good returns, while pease have
yielded exceptionally well.
REPORT OF THE MTXISTER Ixi
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
The apple crop in Quebec has been less than usual: but the high prices obtained
have in most districts helped to compensate for the lighter crop.
THE MARITniE PROVIXCES.
In Nova Scotia, Xew Biimswick and Prince Edward Island, notwithstanding that
the season opened late and was cold and wet, thus delaying seeding, farm crops have
been generally good.
Hay yielded a crop considerably above the average and most of it has been well
saved.
Oats, also, have given excellent returns, in most localities much above the average,
and the grain is plump and good. Barley has given a fair average yield. The yield of
wheat has varied considerably in different districts ; but on the whole the returns are
satisfactory.
Indian corn, although somewhat late in starting, had, in midsummer, favourable
weather for growth and has given a weight of crop considerably above the average
Potatoes have also given a yield in excess of the average.
Field roots have given a fairly good crop, although not quite so large as was
expected. Dry, unfavourable weather prevailed during the last few weeks of their
growthj which prevented from reaching their usual size.
The apple crop has been rather light. The fruit, however, is of excellent quality
and the high prices prevailing will probably fully make up for the shortage in yield.
MANITOBA.
The results of the harvest in this province have been most gratifying. The
growth of the straw has been heavy, which has made threshing expensive; but the yield
of grain has been good, the weight of crop in many instances being mvich heavier than
was anticipated. It is expected that the average yield of all sorts of grain will be con-
siderably higher than last year. As wheat maintains a good price, the results must be
highly remunerative to those who have grown this cereal on an extensive scale.
The oat crop in many localities has been extraordinary in its weight, wdiile the
quality of the grain has been good. Barley, of which a considerable quantity is now
grown, has given very satisfactory returns. The weather has been fine for harvesting
and threshing; but the crop is so large and heavy that all the threshers available will
be kept very busy until near the end of the year.
The stock and dairy interests are making satisfactory progress.
SASKATCHEWAN.
The crops in this province have never been better. The wheat in many localities
has given from 30 to 40 bushels per acre on summer fallowed land : and, in some places,
more than this.
Ixii DEPARTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Under my instructions the director of experimental farms visited Saskatchewan
just before and during liarvest and travelled over a large area of country favourable
for wheat growing. He reported the crops as averaging remarkably well, and the re-
turns since had from the threshers show that the estimates then formed have been sub-
stantially realized. A large area of new land has been got ready for crop next season,
and with the rapid addition made to the population by the active immigration which
has gone on during the past two or three years, will soon result in a great increase
in the area of land under grain. The grain this year was practically all cut before
frost occurred. There has been some injury from smut; but this i'5 almost inexcus-
able, as the disease is so readily and cheaply prevented by treating the seed with copper
sulphate or bluestone, before sowing. Several small patches of rust were met with; but
the proportion of grain so affected was relatively so small as to be scarcely worth men-
tioning. Pease, Indian corn, field roots and potatoes all gave excellent crops.
ALBERTA.
In Southern Alberta, winter wheat has of late been grown with much success, and
in that part of the province this crop is commanding more attention than any other,
and at the present it occupies a far larger area than spring wheat. The variety
known as Turkey Red is the sort mostly gro\vn. This is a winter wheat of high
quality, and in Southern Alberta it has been very productive. The soil and climate
here seem well adapted to the growth of winter wheat, and its cultivation is rapidly
extending.
All through Northern Alberta winter wheat has also been tested, and the results
had during the past season have been quite encouraging. Spring wheat, however,
holds its own in this section, and as yet occupies much the largest area. Oats have
given remarkable yields of very plump grain. Barley, also has given very satisfac-
tory crops. At Raymond, the centre of the district, occupied by the Mormons, an ex-
tensive beet sugar industry has sprung up and large quantities of sugar are being
made. It is evident that the soil and climate here will produce sugar beets with an
unusually high percentage of sugar.
BRITISH C0LUMBL4.
The hay crop, which is one of the most important in this province, has been un-
usually large, and has been saved in good condition. All sorts of grain have done well.
Oats occupy the larger area arid have given a heavy yield of excellent grain. Barley
and pease, although less grown, have been equally sviccessful. Wheat is not much
cultivated in this province; but this year has done very well except in some sections
where the 'midge' has affected the crop and considerably reduced the yield. Indian
corn and field roots have also done well and produced large weights of fodder.
The fruit crop, which is fast becoming an important one in this province, has, on
the whole, been fairly satisfactory. The apple crop has been a medium one. Pears,
also, have done well. Plums have produced a fair crop in most localities and in some
districts the yield has been heavy. Small fruits of all sorts have given satisfactory
returns.
REPORT OF THE MINISTER Ixiii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
The growing of hops is extending, the crop this year is good and high prices are
expected.
The dairying industry is groAving; but the production of butter is not yet nearly
sufficient to provide for the needs of the home market. The production of eggs and
poultry is also steadily increasing.
HEALTH OF A^'IMALS BKANCH.
The operations of this branch of my department, which has now been almost
entirely reorganized, have during the past year been characterized by great activity.
The live stock interests of the Dominion are constantly and rapidly increasing
in importance and, especially in view of the widely varying conditions prevailing in
different parts of the country and the consequent difficulties to be overcome, the value
of effective machinery for the control and, where possible, the eradication of contagious
animal diseases cannot be over-estimated.
Arrangements have been completed for the erection of new quarantine buildings
at St. John and Halifax on the convenient sites recently secured at these places.
At Sherbrooke, P. Q., a point selected owing to its importance as a railway centre,
a site has been secured for a small quarantine station to be erected during the coming
season.
At Bridgeburg, Ontario, where owing to the large export trade in live stock at
that point, it has been found necessary to station a permanent inspector, facilities for
the examination of stock have been, at my request, fvirnished by the railway companies
interested, although it will probably be necessary, in the near future, to i^rovide facili-
ties for the detention of animals imported subject to quarantine.
A building long required for this purpose has now been completed at Windsor,
Ontario, and greatly adds to the safety and efficiency of the service there.
At Willow Creek, Saskatchewan, and at Gateway, Xelson and Midway, B.C.,
stations similar to those erected last year at other points on the boundarj' line in
Western Canada, have been constructed and are now in operation.
At Sumas and Douglas, B.C., detention corrals have been erected by the railway
companies under the sui^ervision of my officers.
Satisfactory arrangements have been made for the veterinary examination of
animals, not subject to quarantine, at the various inspection ports, although this is,
in some cases, a matter of considerable inconvenience, owing to the isolated nature of
the points at which railways cross the boundary.
Owing to a well-founded suspicion that some outbreaks of hog cholera owed their
origin to American hogs in course of transit through Western Ontario I deemed it
advisable last spring to issue new regulations for the control of this traffic, which is
Eow being conducted on a much more satisfactory basis than formerly.
Ixiv DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Owing to an 'alleged scaircity of material in Canada some of our packers began
early in the season to import from United States markets hogs for immediate slaughter.
Wliile every possible precaution has been taken to prevent the introduction of disease
through this channel, the trade is, undoubtedly, a most dangerous one, and I am
seriously considering the advisability of taking steps to prevent its continuation beyond
the present season.
I am glad to say that so far as hog cholera in Canada is concerned the efforts of
the department to bring about its eradication have met with a very gratifying measure
of success, as is evidenced by the fact that the number of outbreaks dealt with during
the past year has been only 47 as compared with 151 in 1903-04, 360 in 1902-03, and
313 in 1901-02. It is also worthy of note that the disease has been almost entirely
confined to one district, whereas it formerly threatened to seriously hamper, if not
destroy, the hog industry of the country as a whole.
By far the most serious matter dealt with during the past year by the officers of
this branch, and one which has faxed their energies to the utmost, has been the sup-
pression of glanders.
This disease, one of the most dangerous and insidious maladies affecting any of
the domestic animals, has been found to exist to a very serious extent among horses in
several widely distant parts of the Dominion. The policy now pursued in connection
with this disease, including as it does the payment of compensation to the owners of
slaughtered horses, is, however, of such a nature as to offer good grounds for the hope
that it will shortly be possible to control its ravages, and so prevent the heavy annual
loss arising from this cause.
The order for the compulsory treatment last year of the cattle in the mange in-
fected area in Alberta and Assiniboia, having given great satisfaction and proved
highly beneficial to the animals dealt with, I thought it advisable to complete the work
thus begun by again enforcing a similar measure. I am pleased to say that the results
this season have been even more satisfactory than they were in 1904, as many owners
who were at fii-st in doubt as to the advisability of subjecting their animals to the
treatment required by the regulations, were this year, after seeing the satisfactory
results on stock of others, more than willing to comply with the requirements of the
department. In order to show the extensive nature of the operations undertaken by
the department in this connection, I need only say that 547,705 head of cattle were
treated in accordance with the terms of the order.
The disease referred to in my report of last year as dourine or maladie du coit,
which made its appearance last year among the horses of Southern Alberta is, this sea-
son, receiving careful attention at the hands of my officers.
A considerable number of affected animals have been destroyed while those sus-
pected of being infected are quarantined until such time as it is possible to decide
accurately as to their condition.
In order that this disease, which is nowhere thoroughly understood, and which
appears to vary in its manifestations under different climatic conditions, may be care-
REPORT OF THE MINISTER Ixv
SESSION-AL PAPER No. 15
fully observed with a view to the ultimate adoption of the most intelligent and econo-
mical policy possible, I have established an experiment station at the point where it
was originally discovered near Lethbridge. This station is under the care of a quali-
fied comparative pathologist, who is closely watching the affected animals in his care,
and at the same time carrying on a series of experiments having for their object the
acquiring of a more definite knowledge as to its nature and characteristics than is at
present at our command.
As will be seen from the report of the veterinary director general, the investigation
into the nature and cause of Pictou cattle disease, which has been carried on during
the past two years at Antigonish, N.S., has proved beyond a doubt that this malady,
which has long been looked upon and dealt with as if it were of a contagious nature, is
in reality due to -the ingestion, under certain conditions, of the weed known as Senecio
Jacobea, or Ragwort. This conclusion, which I may say, is beyond question, will
enable the department to bring to an end the policy of slaughter and compensation
which, since 1882 has been followed in dealing with this disease. In this connection,
I may add that, with a view to ascertaining whether or not sheep or goats may be used
with impunity in eradicating the dangerous and troublesome weed above referred to, a
number of these animals are being at present maintained at the station, on which also
a further short series of experiments with cattle is being carried on.
I regret that I cannot report any satisfactory progress in the investigation at Win-
nipeg into the nature of the disease of horses locally known as swamp fever. Some
work has been done by the pathologists during the past season, but their efforts have
been seriously crippled by lack of material, the malady having largely decreastd in pre-
valence during recent years. This condition of affairs, if continued, will, I need
scarcely say be likely to prove eveij more satisfactory to those interested than the most
full and complete information as to the nature of the trouble.
The work of the biological laboratory, established in 1902 in connection with this
branch, is steadily increasing. The number of pathological specimens forwarded for
examination by our inspectors and others has, during the past year, nearly trebled.
The importance of this work cannot be overestimated, as reliable information as to the
nature of outbreaks of disease throughout the country is simply invaluable to owners
of stock. Satisfactory progress is being made in other lines, such as the preparation of
mallein, which in view of our present active policy in connection with glanders, would
otherwise have involved a very considerable expenditure. As the institution grows, it
is my intention to begin the manufacture of a number of similar preparations now
used in connection with the diagnosis or treatment of animal plagues.
Several outbreaks of anthrax have been reported during the year. All cases, how-
ever, have been promptly dealt with, with the result that the outbreaks have, in this
way, been confined, to the premises where the disease originally made its appearance.
I regret to say, however, that in two instances human lives were lost through acci-
dental inoculation before the inspectoi-s had an opportunity of warning the owners as
to the dangerous nature of the disease.
Ixvi DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Our present policy with regard to tuberculosis appears to be giving satisfaction.
It is to be hoped that the investigations now in progress in various countries will
shortly result in the development of an intelligent policy of dealing with this serious
malady. Meanwhile I do not think that anything would be gained by the adoption of
more stringent regulations than those now in force.
A somewhat serious outbreak of sheep scab, which was discovered last winter in
Ontario, was promptly dealt with by my officers with most satisfactory results. So far
as can at present be ascertained, the disease has been completely stamped out, although
as a measure of precaution, the district recently infected is being kept under close
observation.
Considerable impi'ovement has been brought about in the methods of handling live
stock in transit, although there yet remains much to be done in this direction.
The inspection of live stock for export has been carefully and systematically con-
ducted with a view to the safeguarding of this immense and constantly increasing-
trade.
In this connection it is gratifying to be able to report that, during the past season,
upwards of 50,000 head of cattle were shipped from the Canadian Northwest, this being
a marked increase over the numbers sent forward in previous years.
ARCHIVES BRANCH.
Last year I referred to the action taken by the government to centralize the records
of the Crown. Before due effect could be given to the decision of Council, it was found
to be expedient to construct a fire-proof building for the reception and preservation of
documents. A substantial edifice has been erected, and within a few months the
archives from, several departments will be removed thereto.
In the report of the archives branch for 1904, which has been distributed in both
languages, the archivist recommends the preparation of a guide to the sources of
Canadian history. Scattered throughout the Dominion there are numerous collections
of useful papers to which the attention of students and inquirers should be directed.
To transcribe these records for our archives would be the work of years, and to acquire
them would be difficult, and often impossible. I believe, however, that the public
interest would be served if the papers were examined and summarized. I have, there-
fore, authorized an investigation to be made in the different provinces, and for a report
to .be prepared, showing (1) the location and condition of records, (2) the nature of
the documents and the period they cover, (3) the terms or conditions under which they
may be examined or copied by the piiblic. When the information is complete the
matter will be arranged in a convenient form so that there will be no difficulty in
locating all the documents of a given period which are known to the archives branch.
The Rev. Father O'Leary, some time professor of history in Laval University, has
been engaged for this work in the province of Quebec, and I am pleased 'to say that his
efforts have been very successful during the past four months. His Grace the Arch-
RE ['OUT OF THE MlNltiTEll Ixvii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
bishop of Quebec has shown his appreciation of the work by issuing a circular to the
priests and custodians of records in his diocese, inviting them to give free access to
their papers for the purpose we have in hand. The investigation of the archives in the
maritime provinces has been entrusted to Dr. James Hannay, the historian, who is
particularly qualified to fulfil the task assigned to him. Work in the province of
Ontario and the west will be conducted by members of the staff. Dr. Bain, of the
Toronto Public Library, Professor Wrong, of Toronto University, and Professor
Shortt, of Queen's University have generously offered to assist in the location of docu-
ments and in the preparation of the information for publication.
It is believed that this work will give a fair idea of our resources, and in cases
where records are exposed to danger, steps may be taken to insure their safety.
The card index of the volumes already in the archives is being carried on as
rapidly as possible, and several cases of loose documents have been arranged and classi-
fied. In order to meet a demand for information concerning the development of our
constitution, a selection has been made from the more important documents from the
date of the establishment of the Sovereign Council until the Constitutional Act. The
volume will contain authentic copies of the treaties, of the articles of capitulation and
the text of the Acts of 1774 and 1791. It is hoped that the volume may be ready for
distribution towards the close of the approaching session.
As a result of the research of the late M. Richard, and of investigations since made
by the department, there is naturally an accumulation of documents in Europe ready
for transcription. The facilities for copying have been increased this year in accord-
ance with the augmentation of the vote of last session. It will be seen from the
archivist's report that suificient work has been outlined in the Public Record Office to
occupy the present staff for several years. The earlier records of the Hudson's Bay
Company at the head ofiice in Lime street, and the Canadian papers in the General
Post Oflice are being transcribed, and an examination has been made of the Selkirk
papers in Scotland. This collection, of over three thousand documents, proves to be of
unusual interest and throws new light on affairs between the years 1810 and 1840.
The work that is being done is of permanent value, and I have reason to hope that
before many years the archives will be widely recognized as an important branch of the
public service.
During the past year the department has received the following volumes.
LONDON OFFICE.
Xova Scotia —
Board of Trade, 1774-1790.
Colonial Correspondence, 1775-1801.
Dartmouth Papers, 1776.
Governors and Acting Governors, 1764-1799.
Militia and Naval Correspondence, 1794-1795.
Rolls of naval returns and maps, 1774-1790.
Ixviii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VI!., A. 1906
Maps and Plans —
Plan of Quebec.
Admiralty masters logs, 1759.
Miscellaneous papers, 1777-17S6.
Survey of lands granted to the loyal disbanded emigrants and civil list of the
navy and army, 1785.
Freeling's report from the P.M.G., 1790-1794.
Receiver General's entry book.
Observations on the report of the commissioners committee of inquiry orders,
1737-1771.-
Commission book, 1759-1784.
Treasury, 1760-1771.
Instructions to agents.
American letter book, 1773-1783.
Canadian records, loose MSS.
Hudsons Bay Co. memorial book.
Correspondence of Sir John Harvey, 1839-1840.
America and West Indies, 1782-1785.
America and West Indies, various dates.
Cape Breton colonial correspondence, 1790-1801.
Governors and Acting Governors, 1791-1798.
Board of Trade naval returns from Port Sydney, 1785-1806; from Ports Halifax
and Cumberland, 1752-1753.
PARIS.
Plan de la concession Begun.
Role des habitants refugees, 1762-1773.
Troupes compagnies detachees, 1658-1736.
Moreau St. Mery, 1697-1790.
Domains d'Occident, 1736-1748.
Concessions reglements et arrets.
He Royale, 1716-1742.
Louisbourg.
Ordonnance, 1733.
Fois et Hommage, 172S-1726.
Inventaire de I'artillerie, 1565.
Recensement Plaisance, 1671-1711.
Terreneuve, 1687-1704.
" Port St. Pierre, 1720-1728.
" Miquelon, 1776-1784.
Isle St. Jean, 1728-1758.
" Mount St. Louis, 1699-1713.
" Havre aux Sauvages, 1719-1728.
Famile emigre, 1790.
Depots des Fortifications des Colonies.
Voyage du Sr. de la Regne, 1752.
REPORT OF TEE MINISTER
Ixix
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
III.— PATENTS OF INVENTION.
The following comparative tables show the transactions of the Patent Branch of
the Department of Agriculture, from November 1, 1S95, to October 31, 1905 : —
Patents and Certificates Granted.
Years.
Applications.
for
Patents.
Patents.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901,
1902,
1903,
1904
190.5,
3,387
3,728
4,300
4,200
4,305
4,628
4,817
5,301 '
5,912 '
6,061 j
6,35.5
3,074
3,488
4,013
3,611
3,151
4,522
4,766
4,391
5,673
6,091
6,111
Certificates.
422
413
284
262
412
482
551
510
432
517
536
Total.
3,496
3,901
4,297
3,873
3,563
5,004
5,317
4,901
6,105
6,607
6,647
Caveats.
Assignments
of
Patents.
343
306
377
363
311
283
302
317
328
303
300
1,550
1,420
1,551
1,657
1,467
1,914
2,323
2,339
2,384
2,472
2,576
Detailed Statement, Patent Office Fees.
Years .
Patent
3.
Assign
ments.
Caveat
3.
Copies.
Subscrip-
tion
to
'Patent
Record.'
Notices
to
Apply
for
Patent.
Sundries
Total.
$ cts.
$ cts.
.S cts.
$ c
•ts.
$ cts.
$ cts.
.$ cts.
$ cts.
1895. .
78,223
52
3,194 00
1,854
35
761
54
245 98
1,951 30
129
79
86,358 48
1896. .
85,060
61
3,130 .56
1,790
65
898
27
420 60
2,245 79
57
04
93,532 52
1897. .
93,298
16
3,2.50 23
2,108
57
969
33
252 53
2,110 89
128
21
102,117 92
1898. .
91,176
44
3,641 90
1,935
74
706
50
266 44
1,463 10
172
73 99,361 95
1899. .
98,669
92
3,781 71
1,533
25
1,028
80
198 05
1,912 00
137
83| 107,261 56
1900. .
104,848
96
4.2.55 40
] ,405
00
932
54
.5.52 71
1,742 70
115
15
113,852 46
1901. .
1^,985
59
4,506 07
1.479
25
882
87
592 47
2,484 90
133
22
120,064 37
1902. .
119,766
43
5,079 20
1 ,565
35
1,112
59
327 95
1,883 00
162
30
129,896 82
1903. .
130,561
00
5,309 00
1,803
00
1,067
82
373 75
1,994 25
254
99
141,363 81
1904. .
1.34,676
47
5,831 10
1,660
44
1,201
08
391 75
1,827 25
308
01
145,896 10
1905. .
140,588
34
5,842 75
1,6.50
00
1 ,566
69
G68 80
1,491 50
277
37
152,085 45
15-
Ixx
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDVv^ARD VII., A. 1906
The Patent Office fees received during the year ended October 31, show a surplus
of $87,911.12 over the working expenses of the office as per subjoined table.
Receipts.
$ cts.
Expenditure.
S cts.
Cash received
152,085 45 '
2,744 33
i
Salaries
'Patent Record'
44 430 00
17,000 00
Receipts over expenditure
61,4.30 00
87 911 12
149,341 12
149.341 12
The following is a table of the countries of residence of the patentees for the
years named : —
Countries.
1895.
-
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
Canada
707
740
756
710
601
707
744
654
794
837
888
England
179
215
266
261
205
254
256
239
248
310
309
United States
1,980
2,270
2,666
2,312
2,038
3,216
3,423
3,164
4,222
4,417
4.451
39
102
21
117
24
126
26
124
36
112
40
157
50
125
45
100
57
116
65
185
62
Germany
171
Other countries ....
85
122
173
165
159
148
168
189
236
277
230
Total
3,074
3,488
4,013
3,611
3,151
4,522
4,766
4,391
5,673
6,091
6,111
The Canadian patentees were distributed among the provinces of the Dominion
as follows: —
Provinces.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903 .
1904.
1905.
451
177
430
201
464
178
383
171
310
160
396
164
407
185
373
148
438
194
477
171
509
Quebec
206
New Brunswick. . . .
13
12
20
26
7
14
26
14
18
33
26
Nova Scotia
19
32
22
27
18
21
17
26
22
35
27
Prince Edward Isl'd.
6
2
2
4
8
1
0
1
2
1
1
Manitoba and the
N.-W. Territories .
18
28
36
45
50
42
52
40
64
61
58
British Columbia . . .
23
35
34
54
48
69
57
52
56
59
61
Total
707
740
756
710
601
707
744
654
794
837
888
REPORT OF THE MINISTER
Ixxi
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
Patents issued to residents of Canada, with the ratio of population to each patent
granted : —
Pro'v'inces.
Patents.
One to every
61
2,929
509
4,289
206
8,005
58
8,050
26
12,736
27
17,022
1
103,259
888
British Columbia
Ontario
Quebec-
Manitoba and Xorth-west Territories
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Prince Edward Island
Total
Statement of the number of patents issued under the Act of the session of 1892,
55-56 Vic, chap. 24, on which the fees are paid for periods of six, twelve or eighteen
years, at the option of the patentee ; and of patents on which certificates of payments
of fees were attached after the issue of patents originally granted for periods of six
and twelve years.
Years.
Patents on which
Periods for which the Fees Certificates were
were paid on first issue. attached after
issue.
6 years.
12 years.
18 years.; 6 years. 12 years.
1895 (12 months ended October 31).
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
3,049
3.443
3,981
3,586
3,125
4,489
4,719
4,.362
5,630
6,059
6,079
5
11
8
3
3
4
8
2
2
9
4
20
34
24
22
23
29
39
27
41
23
28'
2
15
176
291
366
408
412
405
493
505
3
9
13
21
31
39
27
24
31
15— Fj
Ixxii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDVv/ARD VII., A. 1906-
The preceding tables show that there has been an increase in most of the transac-
tions of the Patent Office during the past year. The total revenue for the year ended
October 31, 1905, was $152,085.45, exceeding all previous years; resulting in an in-
crease of $6,189.35 over the preceding year, and a surplus of $87,911.12 over the ex-
penditure.
The total number of reports issued by the examiners during the year was 8,671.
Out of the total number of patents granted during the year, there were 4,451
issued to inventors resident in the United States, being nearly 73 per centum of the
whole issue.
During the year there were eight patents re-issued.
Patentees who are resident in foreign countries, continue to avail themselves of
the privilege granted under section 8 of ' The Patent Act,' by giving notice of inten-
tion to apply for patents in Canada. The number of these notices registered during
the year was 746, yielding a revenue of $1,491.50.
The ' Canadian Patent Office Record ' continues to be published monthly. It
contains a transcript, with drawings, of all claims of patents granted, dates of filing,,
dates of issue, and length of term for which fees have been paid; also names and resi-
dences of patentees, as well as containing a list of registered copyrights, trade marks
and designs. This publication is of great and increasing value to all who are inter-
ested in patents, trade marks, copyrights and designs. It affords convenient and easy
reference to the claims of all patents granted in Canada, and thus enables both in-
ventors and the public to see exactly what is patented. This publication is supplied
to foreign patent offices, and is also sent without charge to the free libraries in Canada,,
^nd in foreign countries, with the object of diffusing in the public interest the informa-
tion therein contained. The publication is also furnished to the public at $2 per
annum, or 20 cents for single monthly numbers.
This branch of my department is indebted to the British, Commonwealth of
Australia, United States, French, Mexican and Japanese Patent Offices, for their
official reports.
It cannot be too strongly urged, that patentees and their solicitors should not
delay until the last day in remitting partial fees of the six and twelve years' terms.
If these fees are received after the expiry of either term, the patents will cease and
determine, the Commissioner not being vested with the discretionary power, under
any circumstances, to revive them. A revival can only be secured by a private Act of
Parliament, the obtaining of which entails considerable expense to the patentee. It
may further be added that the Committee on Private Bills usually discourages applica-
tions of this kind, on the ground that no one should be denied the right of manufactur-
ing, using or vending an invention which has become the property of the public.
Exceptional cases may arise, however, in which the patentee or the holder of the patent
may be justly entitled to relief from parliament.
REPORT OF THE MIMSTER Ixxiii
■SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
It is in the interest of both the applicants and the oifice that great care should
be taken by applicants and their attorneys in the preparation of the papers and draw-
ings which are required by the rules and forms.
Since the Act of 1903, amending the Patent Act, came into force (August 13),
a very large number of applications have been received from patentees to have their
patents made subject to the conditions of section seven. In dealing with these applica-
tions the requirement of the law in regard to manufacture has been kept in mind. The
applications which have been granted are those relating to patents for inventions such
as the following: An art or process; improvements on a patented invention when
toth patents are not held by the same 'person ; appliances or apparatus used in con-
nection with railways, telegraph, telephone and lighting systems, and other works
usually under the control of public or large private corporations, and which appliances
or apparatus cannot be installed or constructed without the consent of such corpora-
tions; and certain inventions which are manufactured or constructed only to order,
and are not, according to custom, carried in stock.
The total number of patents placed under this section from August 13, 1903, to
October 31, 1905, is 5,102.
In dealing with applications for extensions of time to manufacture and import,
the law is applied according to its strict and literal meaning, and the applications are
granted only when the applicant has clearly established to the satisfaction of the office,
by affidavit or solemn declaration, that the failure to manufacture or import is due
to no fault of his, but to reasons beyond his control. Although these applications con-
tinue to be quite numerous, it is seldom that such a case is made out as warrants the
granting of the application.
The clerical work of this branch of my department in the matter of the transac-
tion of its correspondence, is more prompt than at any time in its recent history, and
I am further pleased to say that the condition of the Examiners' Divisions has greatly
improved.
Impressed with the justice of the plea of the inventors and manufacturers for
more prompt services in dealing with applications for patents, I have from time to
time augmented this staff by appointing graduates in the various branches of science,
with the gratifying result that applications are now considered and dealt with within
a month to three months from the date of filing, instead of, as in former years, from
six months to eighteen months.
The growth of the business of this office, and the accumulation of its records,
called for more filing space, and to this end I have had suitable steel shelving, with
drawers, substituted for the wooden cupboards in the record room, thus economizing
in space, rendering the room more fire-proof, as well as providing a more sanitary
condition than was experienced when the cumbersome cupboards, occupying much
space, were in use. The replacing of these wooden cases by steel shelving, has multi-
plied the filing space about two-thirds.
Ixxiv
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VI!.. A. 1906
IV.— COPYRIGHTS, TRADE MARKS, INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS AND
TIMBER MARKS.
Statement of fees received by the Copyright and Trade Mark Branch from November
1, 1904, to October 31, 1905.
Months.
Trade
Marks.
Copy-
rights.
Designs.
Timber
Marks.
Assign-
ments.
Copies. 1 Totals.
1904. S cts.
November 1,623 33
December 1,338 25
1905
January 1,976 90
February I 1,414 85
March I 2,002 25
I
April ! 2,134 20
Mav
1,851 50
June 1,461 40
July
August . . . .
September .
October . . ,
Total. .
1,895 40
1,740 00
1,975 25
1,523 90
$ cts.
86 00
130 00
93 10
72 00
108 50
98 50
89 50
129 50
91 50
107 50
134 50
145 00
20.937 23
1,285 60
S cts.
55 00
130 00
46 00
SO 50
88 00
97 00
74 00
60 00
50 00
43 00
92 00
60 00
$ cts. S cts.
6 00 18 44
4 00 6 00
2 00
10 00
4 00
6 00
10 00
4 00
2 00
8 00
45 00
6 00
103 00
45 00
36 00
21 00
10 00
11 00
14 00
6 00
S cts.
4 50
10 00
23 50
12 50
18 50
15 50
25 50
28 50
S cts.
1,793 27
1,618 25
2,186 5C
1,595 85
2,320 25
2,394 20
2,082 50
1,710 40
21 00 2,073 90
16 00 I 1,921 50
21 00 I 2,238 75
28 50 j 1,771 40
875 50
56 00
327 44
225 00 23,706 77
REPORT OF THE MINISTER
Ixxv
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
The following table shows a comparative statement of the business of this branch
from 1894 to October 31, 1905, inclusive : —
Year.
o
'3
a
a
CO
to
1
4)
^ CO
6
•3»
II)
o3'fc<
O
CO <u
tjPh
Industrial
Designs
Registered.
Timber Marks
Registered.
|.2
WJ<U
<
Fees
Received.
$ cts.
1894
1,882
2,720
546
216
311
39
20
77
9,463 63
1895
2,184
3,279
601
163
374
52
20
70
11,673 26
1S96
2,185
2,606
2,576
3,437
3,548
3,453
653
756
734
212
273
275
331
446
423
68
75
136
14
13
15
161
94
114
10,579 54
1897
14,101 93
1898
13,535 17
1899
2,487
2,910
702
237
430
112
5
117
14,161 28
1900
2,679
3,213
893
247
447
126
22
136
14,782 53
1901
2,605
3,211
888
249
521
146
24
183
16,823 26
1902
2,687
3,257
900
196
528
164
26
222
17,703 09
1903
2,687
3,211
900
176
557
88
23
272
18,086 25
1904
2,858
3,293
1,106
228
621
107
25
118
20,647 30
1905
3,367
3,902
1,130
189
661
139
22
154
23,706 77
The particulars of the registrations made by the Trade Mark and Coypright
Branch of the Department of Agriculture during the year ended October 31, 1905, are
as follows : —
I. Copyrights —
Full copyrights without certificates 876
Full copyrights with certificates 189
Temporary copyrights without certificates 9
Temporary copyrights with certificates 2
Interim copyrights without certificates 39
Interim copyrights with certificates 15
1,130
n. Trade marks 661
Renewals of specific trade marks 5
HP. Industrial designs 139
Renewals 6
IV. Timber marks 22
Y. Assignments 154
Total registrations 2,117
Ixxvi DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906
v.— PUBLIC HEALTH AND aUARANTINE.
In addition to the ordinary tlireatening of epidemic disease from without, this
year has been specially marked by the outbreak of Asiatic cholera in Europe, and of
yellow fever in the United States.
Strict precautionary measures, ordinary and special, have been necessary for the
sanitary protection of the country, and have proved themselves to have been successful,
disease having been again and again arrested and stamped out at my quarantines.
The effects of this work on the country, leading to the negative result of the absence
of epidemic diseases in our homes and families, is but too apt to be overlooked. People
are prone to take freedom from disease as a natural condition, and fail to realize to
how great an extent they are indebted for this to the protection work done at the coast
and frontier outposts, where disease is arrested and not allowed to enter and infect
the country. Other vastly less important services — but kept before the public eye by
positive, instead of only negative results — are often more thought of than the quiet,
steadfast, all-important protective work of the public health service.
The continued public and professional demand for governmental recognition of
the importance of preventive medicine, ind the expediency of placing this important
branch of the public service on the same footing as it stands on in nearly all pro-
gressive countries is instanced by the fact that I am again in receipt of a copy of a
report and resolution, adopted by the Canadian Medical Association at its annual
meeting, in Halifax, in August last, again pressing upon the consideration of the gov-
ernment the expediency of creating a department of public health under one of the
existing ministers.
No case of plague having been reported in San Francisco since March 1, 1904, I
felt justified in removing the special inspection of vessels from that port on account
of that disease. So that since January 1 last these special inspections have not been
carried out.
Extra coast and frontier inspections were instituted or continued by me for shorter
or longer periods, as seemed to be required, at the following places: Canso, N.S. ;
Gateway, B.C. ; North Portal, Sask, and Owen Sound, Sault Ste. Marie, Bruce Mines,
Thessalon and Fort Francis, Out.
In addition to the officers holding the above-mentioned posts. Dr. James Patterson,
of Winnipeg, has continued to act for me in the management and suppression of
small-pox in the Northwest Territories. So well has this been done that there is now
no case of that disease in the newly created provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan,
nor in the Territories.
Circulars of warning and instruction have been issued from time to time, as the
special threatenings of disease on both our coasts and on our frontier seemed to require.
REPORT OF THE MI SISTER Ixxvii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
Bubonic plague has occurred during the year in British South Africa, Arabia,
Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, Egypt, Formosa, Hawaii, India, Japan,
Mauritius, Panama, Peru, Philippine Islands, Russia, Siam, Straits Settlements,
Turkey and Zanzibar. Its ravages in India have been particularly marked. The total
number of deaths in India officially recorded from plague since 1S96 was up to the end
of December, 1904. three millions one hundred and fifty thousand. Last year the deaths
were over a million, being 1,040,429. This year they will be at least as many. These
are the official figures, and are admitted to be below the mark on account of concealment
on the part of the inhabitants. This disease has presented itself at several ports in
Great Britain this year, but with the exception of three cases in Leith, it was confined
to the initial imported cases.
Cholera has occurred in Austria, Galicia, China, Germany, India, Japan, Philip-
pine Islands, Russia, Straits Settlements and Turkey.
The sudden outbreak of this disease in Prussia at the beginning of last month,
end the presence of sixty or more cases of the disease among Russian emigrants in
Hamburg, awaiting transportation to this continent, have given cause not for popular
alarm, but for increased watchfulness on the part of my officers who safeguard the
Atlantic seaboard.
The invasion of the southern states of the Union south of us by yellow fever, for
the first time since sanitary science has established the role played by the stegomyia
mosquito in the communication and extension of this disease, has furnished an
■opportunity for combating the threatened epidemic on these new lines. The result has
proved that where early notification of new cases can be secured the disease can be
readily controlled from spreading. This confirms the knowledge already acquired from
the experience of the last few years in Havana.
Small-pox has again prevailed almost world-wide this year. Although the epidemic
■of this disease in the United States is at an end, local outbreaks in various places close
to the international border have required my placing temporary inspecting officers at
various times. And it has as usual threatened our Atlantic and Pacific seaboards.
Another international tuberculosis conference has just been held in Paris in the
■early part of this month. Like the one which was held in London in 1901, it has been
noted principally for a sensation which comes from Berlin. The views laid down by
Koch at the London conference, that bovine tuberculosis is practically free from
danger to man have not been generally sustained. And now the newspaper reports
■concerning Professor Behring's alleged cure for tuberculosis do not contain anything
definite or reliable. It seems probable that Prof. Behring reported to the conference
the results of investigations in the immunization of cattle against bovine tuberculosis,
with reference, perhaps, to the possible application of the same methods to human
tuberculosis. Professor Behring's name carries great scientific weight with it, and we
must only await further developments with patience.
Continued good effects have marked, during the year, the treatment of the lepers
now carried out at my lazaretto at Tracadie, N.B. The symptoms both general and
Ixxviii DEPARTMENT OF AGRICVLTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
local have in many cases been modified and ameliorated. In one case indeed an
apparent cure has been effected. Whether it be permanent or only temporary, time
alone can show. •
The diseases which have been brought to my maritime quarantine stations during
tlie year are : Small-pox, scarlet fever, measles, enteric fever, chicken-pox, diphtheria,
mumps and epidemic dysentery.
In not a single instance did any one of these diseases gain an entrance through
any of my organized quarantine stations. My frontier inspections were also very
efficient in protecting the public health of the country with the least possible inter-
ference with travel and traffic.
Progress is being made in the work of completing the equipment of my various
maritime stations. At Partridge Island quarantine, St. John, N.B., the additional
detention houses for suspects and the winter hospital spoken of in my last annual
report have been erected. At Lawlor's Island quarantine, Halifax, N.S., steps have
been taken for the erection of a winter hospital.
Details of the year's work at my different stations, at the Tracadie leper lazaretto,
in the Northwest Territories, and on the frontier will be found in the annexed reports
of my Director-General of Public Health and of my other officers.
VI.— CENSUS AND STATISTICS.
In the last session of Parliament a statute was enacted for organizing under the
Minister of Agriculture a permanent office to be called the census and statistics office.
It repeals the three Acts of the Eevised Statutes of Canada relating to the census and
to general and criminal statistics, and makes provision for: —
1. Taking a general census of Canada in the first year of each decade, commencing
with 1911.
2. Taking a censiis of population and agriculture for the provinces of Maiiitoba,
Saskatchewan and Alberta in every tenth year, commencing with 1906.
3. Collecting, abstracting and tabulating from time to time in the intercensal
years statistics and information relating to agriculture", commerce, crime, education,
manufactures, births, marriages and mortality and other subjects, for publication at
the discretion of the Minister of Agriculture.
4. Collecting, abstracting and tabulating statistics of crime in the Dominion, and
printing the results in an annual report to Parliament.
5. Abstracting and tabulating in concise form such information on various sub-
jects susceptible of being represented by figures as is contained in departmental or
other public reports and documents.
REPORT OF THE MINISTER Ixxix
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
6. Making special investigations under the authority and direction of the Gover-
nor in Council, and carrying out such other duties as may be assigned to the office by
the Governor in Council.
Besides employing officers and enumerators to take the census of the country at the
regular period provided in the Act, the Minister of Agriculture may also employ from
time to time such agents or persons as are necessary to collect for the office statistics and
information relating to such industries and affairs of the country as he deems useful and
in the public interest. But in case a plan exists in any province for collecting agricul-
tural, commercial, criminal, educational, manufacturing, vital and other statistics,
the Minister may arrange with the local authorities or officials for the collection and
transmission of such information as is required by schedules prepared by the census
and statistics office, under his direction and approved by the Governor in Council and
in collecting statistics in the manner here provided, the Minister may call upon public
officers to furnish copies of such papers, documents and information as lie in their
power, with or without compensation as regtilated by Order in Council.
The custodians of provincial, municipal or other public records and documents, or
of any records or documents of any corporation from which information in respect
to the objects of the Act can be obtained, are required to grant access thereto to any
officer or agent deputed for that purpose by the Minister for obtaining such informa-
tion, and a custodian who refuses or neglects to grant such access or otherwise seeks to
prevent or obstruct any person employed in the execution of the Act becomes guilty of
an indictable offence.
Every person who refuses or neglects to fill up and return a schedule when and as
required by a person employed in the execution of tlie Act, or who makes a wilfully
false answer or statement as to any matter specified in the schedule, is liable to a pen-
alty of not more than $100 and not less than $10.
Every person who refuses or neglects to answer any question requisite for obtain-
ing any information in respect to the objects of the Act is liable to a penalty of not
more than $50, and not less than $5 for every such refusal or neglect.
Every person who otherwise refuses or neglects to furnish information required of
him under the Act, or who gives false information or practises any deception, is liable
to a penalty of not more than $100 and not less than $10.
A document or paper purporting to be a form authorized for use in taking the
census, or the collection of statistics or other information, or to set forth instructions
relating thereto, which is produced by a person employed in the execution of the Act,
shall be presumed to be supplied by the proper authority to the person producing it.
But every officer or other person employed in the execution of the Act who, in the
pretended performance of his duties, obtains or seeks information which he is not
authorized to obtain, becomes guilty of an indictable offence.
In the case of an occupant of a house, a sufficient requirement to fill up and sign
a schedule having thereon a notice requiring that it be filled up and signed within a
Ixxx
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
stated time, is the leaving of such schedule by an enumerator at any house or part of a
house of which such person is an occupant.
In the case of any person or firm, or of any body corporate or politic, a sufficient
requirement to fill up and sign a schedule having thereon a notice requiring it to l^e
filled lip and signed within a stated time is the leaving of such schedule at the office
or place of business of any person or firm, or of any body corporate or politic, or his or
its agent, or the delivery of such schedule by registered letter; and, if so required in the
notice, to mail the schedule within a stated time to the census and statistics office; and
all the provisions of the Act relating to offences and penalties apply to the provisions
of this and the foregoing paragraph.
It is proposed to take a census of population and agriculture for the provinces of
Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta in June of next year, by the employment of
-enumerators in the usual way of taking a census; and an effort will also be made to
collect statistics of the manufactures of the Dominion through tlie agency of the post
office. But in the case of manufactures, as well as population and agriculture, the in-
quiries will be limited to a few principal heads.
CRIMINAL STATISTICS.
Criminal statistics have been compiled for the year ended September 30, 1904.
They show that the number of charges for indictable offences in the Dominion was
9,901, and the number of convictions 6,754. In the previous year the charges numbered
9,642 and the convictions 6,541. The increase of charges is 259 or 2 -68 per cent, and
of convictions 213 or 3 -25 per cent. The percentage of convictions to charges in the
year was 68 -21 per cent, which is higher than in any previous year of the decade, the
ratio of 1903 being 67-84; of 1902, 66-22, and of 1901, 68 per cent. The following
table gives the number of charges and convictions, together with the per cent ratio
of convictions to charges, in the years 1903 and 1904.
Provinces.
1903.
Charges.
1 Con\'ic-
Con\'ic- tions to
tions. 1 Charges.
1904.
Charges.
Convic-
tions.
Convic-
tions to
Charges.
Prince Edward Island..
Xova Scotia
Xew Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
British Columbia
Territories and Yukon
Totals
53
672
243
2,086
4,4.51
476
803
858
38
444
155
1,676
2,884
381
516
447
Per cent.
Per cent.
9,642
6,541
41
664
213
2.139
4.701
611
529
1,003
28
434
122
1,738
3,0.34
489
379
530
67-84
9,901
6,754
68-21
REPORT OF TEE MINISTER
Ixxsi
SESSIONAL PAPER No. "iS
The highest ratio of convictions to charges in 1904 was obtained in Quebec and
Manitoba, and the lowest in Ontario and the Northwest Territories and Yukon, an
evidence in the latter case, however, more probably of readiness to prosecute than of
failure of justice.
The number of convictions under the heads of indictable offences and summary-
convictions in 1904 was 54,946, being 4,543 more than in 1903, and 11,410 more than
in 1902. Under the head of indictable offences the increase was 213 over 1903 and
1,094 over 1902, while under the head of summary convictions the increase was 4,330
over 1903 and 10,316 over 1902. There were ten detentions for lunacy, being five less
than in the previous year.
Grouped by sexes, the returns show that the convictions of males for indictable
offences in 1904 numbered 6,377 or 94 -42 per cent, and of females 377 or 5 -58 per cent.
Compared with the figures of 1903 there was an increase of 242 in males and a decrease
of 29 in females. The sumraary convictions comprised 43,664 males in the total of
48,192 or 90 -60 per cent, and 4,528 females or 9 -40 per cent. In 1903 the male con-
victions were 39,511 or 90 -08 per cent in a total of 43.862, and the female 4,351 or 9 -92
per cent. The indictable and summary convictions of males increased from 45,646
in 1903, to 50,041 or 9 -63 per cent in 1904, and of females from 4,757 in 1903, to 4,905
or 3 -11 per cent in 1904. These figures are eloquent on the influence of environment.
The next table gives by sexes the number of convictions for indictable offences
in the Dominion, according to ages, for the years 1903 and 1904.
Groups of Ages.
1903.
M.
1904.
M.
Under 16 years
16 years to under 21 .
21 years to under 40 .
40 years and over . . . .
Ages not griven . .
Totalo
1,005
33
663
34
906
85
1.104
65
2,573
181
2,909
164
787
66
866
6S
864
41
835
46
6,135
406
6,377
377
Exclusive of the last group, whose number belongs in some unknown proportions
to each of the others, the ratio of convictions for indictable offences of persons under
16 years of age was 15-87 in 1903 and 10*32 in 1904, of persons 16 years to iinder 21
it was 15 '15 in 1903 aiid 17 -31 in 1904, of persons 21 years of age to under 40 it was
42 -10 in 1903 and 45 -50 in 1904, and of persons 40 years and over it was 13 -04 in 1903
and 13 -82 in 1904. The only cheerful sign in these comparisons is the lessened ratio
in the case of persons under 16 years; but the proportion of convictions of children is
still large, and computed on the total population of provinces it is considerably higher
in Ontario than elsewhere. Taking the two largest provinces of the Dominion, the
Ixxxii
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
ratio of convictions to population for indictable offences in 1904 was 0"018 in Ontario
and 0 '007 in Quebec for persons under 16 years, 0 -025 in Ontario and 0 -023 in Quebec
for persons 16 years to under 21, 0-063 in Ontario and 0-055 in Quebec for persons
21 years to under 40, 0 '021 in Ontario and 0 -016 in Quebec for persons 40 years and
over, and 0*011 in Ontario and 0-004 in Quebec for ages not given. But it may be
that the returns of convictions are not equally complete for the two provinces.
The next table gives the number of offenders under 21 years of age for Ontario
and Quebec and the whole of Canada by classes of crimes for the years 1903 and 1904.
Offences.
Ontario.
1903.
1904.
Quebec.
CANADA.
1903.
1904
1903.
1904.
Larceny
Forgery and offences against
currency
Aggravated assault
Assault and obstructing peace
officers
Assault and battery
House and shopbreaking
Burglary
Shooting, stabbing and wound-
ing
Other offences
759
8
14
11
20
82
8
16
129
647
18
12
8
24
88
26
13 I
104
385
4
5
17
9
65
28
2
49
359
1
7
33
19
40
7
2
36
1,417
19
29
30
.37
190
42
27
238
1,296
35
32
. 46
51
158
38
24
In the offences of larceny and forgery, and offences against currency, aggravated
assault, assault and battery, house and shopbreaking, shooting, stabbing and wounding,
and other offences committed by persons under 21 years, the province of Ontario is
credited with more than one-half the numbers for the Dominion, although its popula-
tion is only 40 per cent of the whole, while Quebec attains nearly to the same unenvi-
able rank for offences of burglary and assault and obstructing peace officers. The total
convictions for pei-sons of all ages in the Dominion for larceny were 3,337 in 1903, and
3,514 in 1904; for forgery and offences against currency there were 120 in 1903, and
152 in 1904; for aggravated assault there were 315 in 1903, and 258 in 1904; for assault
and obstructing peace officers there were 446 in 1903, and 427 in 1904; for assault and
battery there wei-e 365 in 1903, and 441 in 1904 ; for house and shop breaking there were
335 .in 1903, and 356 in 1904; for burglary there were 117 in 1903, and 94 in 1904; for
shooting, stabbing and wounding there were 110 in 1903, and 111 in 1904; and for all
other offences there were 1,396 in 1903, and 1,401 in 1904 ; showing increases in every
class of offence except aggravated assault and obstructing peace officers and burglary.
For indictable offences against the person there were in the Dominion 1,612 con-
victions in 1903, and 1,605 in 1904; for offences against property with violence there
REPORT OF THE MIMSTER
Ixxxiii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
were 544 in 1903, and 552 in 1904; for offences against property without violence there
were 3,751 in 1903, and 3,969 in 1904; for malicious offences against property there
were 128 in 1903, and 100 in 1904; for forgery and offences against currency there
were 120 in 1903, and 152 in 1904; and for all other offences there were 388 in 1903,
and 377 in 1904.
The following statement gives statistics of indictable offences for the years 1903
and 1904 in all cases in which conviction was obtained, being in the aggregate 6,541 for
1903, and 6,754 for 1904 :—
1904.
Convictions —
First conviction
Second conviction
Reiterated conviction ...
Sentences —
With option of fine
Under one year in jail . . .
One year and under two .
Two years and under five
Five j'ears and over
Life
Death
Reformatory
Sentence suspended, &e .
Occupations —
Agricultural
Commercial
Domestic
Industrial
Professional
Labourer
Not given
Conjugal state —
Married
Single
Widowed
Not given
Educational status —
Unable to read or write . ,
Elementary
Superior
Not given
LT.se of liquors —
Moderate
Immoderate
Not given
Residence —
Cities and towns
Rural districts
Not given
Birthplaces^
England and Wales
Ireland
Scotland
Canada
United States
Other foreign countries . .
Other British possessions
Not given
Religions —
Baptist
Roman Catholic
Church of England
Methodist
Presbyterian
Protestant
Other denominations . . . .
Not given
5,192
5,295
760
843
589
616
1,263
1,302
2,267
2,454
269
367
435
501
173
156
1
8
14
325
232
1,800
1,728
249
296
814
874
193
273
635
727
42
44
2,472
2,795
2,136
1,745
1,548
1,679
4,116
4,195
104
120
773
760
683
659
4,931
5,122
142
143
785
830
3,838
4,085
1,922
1,825
781
844
4,743
5,042
1,061 .
1,056
737
656
377
486
167
200
128
85
4,310
4,390
315
358
450
479
23
18
771
738
172
193
2,564
2,639
985
1,040
629
639
467
523
553
601
353
223
818
896
Ixxxiv
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD Vll,. A. 1906
SUMMARY CONVICTIONS.
There were 48,192 summary convictions in 1904, an increase of 4,330. These
offences consist of breaches of the peace, adulteration of food, assaults, infractions of
various statutes, such as Fishery Acts, Masters' and Servants' Acts, Railway Acts and
municipal and revenue laws, together with such other offences as vagrancy, drunken-
enss, keeping or frequenting bawdy houses, cruelty to animals, &c.
The following table gives by sexes the number of summary convictions by pro-
vinces in the years 1903 and 1904 : —
Provinces.
P. E. Island ....
Nova Scotia. . . .
New Brunswick.
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
British Columbia
The Territories .
Yukon
Totals. . .
1903.
Male. Female. Totals.
380
4,225
2,134
6,879
17,492
2,505
2,567
2.495
834
39,511
20
237
144
1,389
1,620
177
519
157
88
400
4,462
2,278
8,268
19,112
2,682
3,086
2,652
922
1904.
Male. Female. I Totals.
4,351
43,862
399
3,580
2,527
8,142
18,346
4,535
2,265
3,389
481
22
239
97
1,520
1,437
355
604
192
62
43,664
4,528
421
3,819
2,624
9,662
19,783
4,890
2,869
3,581
543
48,192
Decreases are shown for British Columbia, Nova Scotia and Yukon. For all other
provinces and territories there were increases, and the total increase of summary con-
victions was 4,330, or nearly ten per cent. In Prince Edward Island the increase was
5 -25 per cent, in New Brunswick 15 -19, in Quebec 16 -86, in Ontario 3 -51, in Manitoba
82*32, and in the territories 35*03 per cent. The decrease in Nova Scotia was 14-63
per cent, in British Columbia 7 -03, and m Yukon 41 -10 per cent. In British Colum-
bia there was a decrease of 11 '7 per cent for males, but an increase of 16 -3 per cent for
females ; in New Brunswick an increase of 18 *4 per cent for males, and a decrease of
32 *6 per cent for females, and in Ontario an increase of 4 -9 per cent for males, and a
decrease of 11 *3 per cent for females.
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A. 1906
PUBLIC HEALTH.
No. 1.
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL OE PUBLIC HEALTH.
F. MoNTizAMBERT, LS.O., M.D.Ed., F.R.C.S.E., D.C.L.
October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to suomit this iny annual report as Director-General of
Public Health to October 31, 1905.
This year the usual threatenings of epidemic disease have continued, and in addi-
tion there have been special outbreaks of Asiatic cholera in Europe, and of yellow
fever in the United States.
Strict measures, ordinary and special, have therefore been required for the sani-
tary protection of the country.
Frontier inspection for small-pox at threatened ports of the international border,
and extra inspections at some of the maritime ports, have been maintained as the con-
ditions to the south of us have seemed to require.
On the Atlantic side the outbreak of Asiatic cholera in Europe, especially in
Prussia called for special precautionary inspections.
On the Pacific side careful inspection of all arriving Asiatics has been carried on
throughout the year. This includes the testing of the temperature and the examina-
tion of the glandular regions. The special inspection of vessels from San Francisco
spoken of in my last annual report, was discontinued from January 1 last, no case of
plague having been reported in that city since the 1st of the previous March.
Circulars of warning and instruction were issued from time to time to the regu-
lar quarantine officers and to the customs officers, who are also ex-officio quarantine
officers at all the unorganized maritime and inland quarantine stations.
Dominion Department of Public Health. — The Canadian Medical Association, at
its meeting in Halifax, in August last, again expressed the voice of the medical pro-
fession of the country in favour of the creation and administration under one of the
existing ministers, of a Dominion Department of Public Health. The special com-
mittee that had been appointed at the previous annual meeting, held in Vancouver, in
1904, laid before the association its report, as follows, the report being submitted by
the convener of the committee: —
' As convener of your sub-committee in re the creation of a Department of Public
Health as a Dominion measure, I have the honour to report that practically no ad-
vance has been made since we first presented your views to the federal government on
this important question three years ago. Strong resolutions have been passed by your
association containing the views of the profession on this matter, year after year, and
they have been duly forwarded to the proper authorities at Ottawa, to say nothing of
the personal representations of your sub-committee, conveyed to the government by
way of deputation and personal interview. On the last occasion in which I waited
upon the honourable the Minister of Agriculture, he pointed out to me that he was
familiar with the views of our association, as contained in the several resolutions re-
15—1
2 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
ferred to above, and that it appeared to him to be unnecessary to call the committee
to Ottawa to reiterate what we had so clearly laid before him. He assured me that
the whole question had his entire sympathy and that he trusted to see such a scheme
as had been outlined to him brought into operation. And he further said that it was
his intention to bring the matter again to the attention of the Prime Minister, he
hoped, at a date sufficiently early to enable him to give something rather definite for
our meeting at Halifax. Your committee feel that they have done what they could to
induce the government at Ottawa to create a Department of Public Health, under
one of the existing ministers, in order to place this important branch of the public
service on the same footing as it stands in nearly all progressive countries. We re-
gret, however, to be obliged to report that so tar our efforts have been unavailing, and
as we belie\'e that a more powerful and influential committee is needed from this asso-
ciation to more seriously impress the government with the great importance of this
question, we respectfully ask to be discharged.'
In presenting this report, Dr. Powell, of Ottawa, the convener, said that in ac-
cordance with a resolution passed in London last year, the committee had interviewed
the government, and he was sorry to report that it could not give them any assurance
that the resolution in the matter could be practically considered. He said there seemed
to be a general fear lest such a department should interfere with the autonomy of the
provincial boards, but he had pointed out that there was no fear of that, as many mat-
ters would come up for consideration that could not be touched by the provincial
authorities. He instanced the medical treatment of Indians, which was under the
supervision of the Minister of the Interior, and the quarantine department, under the
control of Dr. Montizambert. There were such matters besides, as sickness on trails
and in camps, which could be dealt with by a federal department, and he did not see
that there was the least need that it should in any way interfere with the provincial
departments.
Dr. Fagan said he quite agreed with Dr. Powell's remarks, because, as a provincial
medical health officer, he had often been faced with the very same difficulties of which
he had spoken. Cases were brought to his notice that were not within the range of
the provincial department, and when he applied to Ottawa he was told that they could
not deal with them there.
Ihe following resolution was then carried unanimously: 'That the Canadian
Medical Association regrets that the Canadian government has not seen fit to carry
out the resolution of this association in favour of the creation of a federal health de-
partment, and be it further resolved, that the association continue to press this mat-
ter before the government, and that the special committee in charge of the same be
reappointed and requested to continue its efforts to this end, and that copies of this
resolution be sent to the Prime Minister, the Minister of Agriculture and the Secre-
tary of State.'
In England the demand for a Ministry of Public Health is being pushed with
vigour, and appears to be reaching the sphere of practical politics.
With regard to a health department for India, the Sanitary Record, London,
October 13, speaks as follows, under the heading of ' A Health Minister for India ' : —
What is denied to the homeland has been granted to our great dependency in the
east. The papers to hand last week contain extensive articles on the new sanitary
order which has been issued with the sanction of the Secretary of State for India. By
it an Imperial sanitary commissioner is appointed, the first to fill the office being
Major J. T. W. Leslie, transferred from the secretaryship of the Indian Medical
Service. Among the duties defined for the new officer are that he shall direct and
inspire the measures taken for the improvement and reorganization of the existing
sanitary machinery, and will also organize research work in connection with health
problems. The scheme already sanctioned by the Secretary of State provides for a
central laboratory devoted mainly to original research of a general character and to
PUBLIC HEALTH 3
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
the manufacture of certain curative sera. In each of the larger provinces there will
be a provincial laboratory, the primary functions of which will be to conduct diag-
nosis and special research connected with local conditions. All the laboratories will
be under the control of the sanitary commissioner, but the government of India dis-
claim any intention of relieving local governments of the direct control and responsi-
bility which they have hitherto exercised in sanitary matters or of weakening their
authority over provincial sanitary establishments. The sanitary commissioner will
not encroach in any respect upon the authority of the local governments over provin-
cial raattei-s, but he will be empowered to consult and confer with them informally
upon matters connected with sanitation, and will, in this respect, occupy a position
analogous to that of the Director Greneral of Education. The Governor General in
Council exiDresses the hope that by the measures now taken and the further reforms
in contemplation there will be effected improvements of the general conditions of life
in India, with the willing co-operation of the people themselves. Thus the authorities
have recognized the importance of a separate department for sanitary administration,
and we trust the time is not far distant when a similar decision will be made at home.
In Pennsylvania Governor Pennypacker has signed the bill passed by the Legis-
lature at its recent session abolishing the State board of health and establishing in
its stead a department of health whose head shall be clothed with almost unlimited
authority in safeguarding sanitary conditions in the state. The commissioner of
health contemplated by the new Act must be a physician of at least ten years' experi-
ence, and he is to receive an annual salary of $10,000. He shall be aided by an
advisory board of six members appointed by the Governor, four of whom shall be
physicians and one a civil engineer, to serve without salary; the state, however,
paying their necessary expenses. The state shall be divided into ten health districts,
each in charge of a physician of at least five years' experience, who shall receive an
annual salary of $2,500.
Deputy Minister hy Statute. — Your Director General of Public Health, who is
also by Order in Council the sanitary adviser of the Dominion government, and who
tias had the rank of a deputy minister by Order in Council for some years, was by an
Act at the last session of the Dominion parliament, given the rank of a deputy head
of a department.
Bubonic plague. — This disease has occurred during the year in Arabia, Argentina,
Australia, Brazil, Chili. Egypt, Eormosa, Great Britain, Hawaii, India, Japan, Mauri-
titus, Panama, Peru, Philippine Islands, Eussia, Siam, Straits Settlements, Turkey
and Zanzibar. ,
In his Treatise on Plague, Dr. Simpson says, 'Few thought it possible, when
plague broke out in Bombay in 1896 after an absence of 200 years, that the disease
would not be controlled, checked and stamped out in a short time. It was a rude
awakening when the deaths began to mount up to a few thousands and to find the
old scenes associated with plague epidemics reappear. The closed houses, the deserted
streets and nearly haK of the population of Bombay fleeing panic stricken from the
city, testified to the fact that plague has lost none of its old terrors, and re-
called the condition of affairs described in the old epidemics of plague. Later, when,
owing to the decline of the epidemic, confidence was restored and the people had
in consequence returned, there were congratulations as to the lightness of the
attack as compared to the mortality in the great epidemics of the past; yet the next
year, and the next, and every year since 1896, the disease has recrudesced in the city
of Bombay, and the number of deaths is fast mounting up beyond the mortality of
any epidemic of plague in any single city in the past, with the exception of those of
Constantinople and Grand Cairo. And still the disease continues. Plague has more-
over spread from Bombay to the Bombay Presidency, and from the Bombay Presi-
dency to a larger portion of India. Slow in its progress, it has steadily advanced,
15—1*
4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
and now the 30,000 deatlis from plague which occurred in India in the first year, and
which created so much alarm, has reached during the past two years over three-
quarters of a million per annum. In 1902 the number of deaths from plague in
India was 833.000, and in 1904 it was over a million, being 1,040,429. The total num-
ber of deaths in India oilicially recorded from plague since 1896 wos, up to the end of
December, 1904, three millions, one hundred and fifty thousand.
Cases of plague were brought to several of the ports of Great Britain during the
year. There was a small outbreak at Leith in May last.
On Friday, May 5, a labourer was admitted to the Leith Fever Hospital, said to
be suffering from enteric fever. On Sunday, May 7, the symptoms seemed rather to
point to typhus fever, and he was treated with abundance of fresh air. On Tuesday,
May 9, a swelling was found in the left groin. Some fluid removed from this swelling
by aspiration showed on bacteriological examination plague bacilli. This was verified
by Dr. Buchanan, of Glasgow, and other observers. On Monday, May 8, a girl of
three years of age, the daughter of the labourer above referred to, was also sent into
hospital, said to be suffering from enteric fever. This child had sickened on Satur-
day, May 6. On admission, she had a swelling in the left groin, and other marked
symptoms of bubonic plague. On Wednesday, May 10, the mother and another child,
a sou of six years of age, were admitted, obviously showing plague symptoms. The
bey had a swelling on the left side of the neck of long standing, but this swelling had
become more acute at the time of admission, and he had other signs of the disease.
No further case of plague has occurred either among the contacts or the general
community. The houses of the contacts have been thoroughly disinfected. Notwith-
standing the very extensive destruction of rats, no evidence of plague has been found
in any of those destroyed. The source of the outbreak, therefore, remains a conjec-
ture.
In South America, since the year 1903, when the bubonic pla^e first made its
appearance on the west coast of South America, it has never entirely disappeared.
During this year there seems to have been a recrudescence, particularly in the south-
ern part of Arequipa, Peru. In Lima there were one or more cases discovered daily.
Though the type of the epidemic seems to be comparatively mild and not extremely
contagious, nevertheless it continues. Should it get a footing in the interior of the
country, it would probably be more fatal than on the coast, as the hygienic habits of
the population there are worse than those of the coast. The disease has made terrible
ravages at Pisagua, Chile, and refugees from that town assert that for some time be-
fore their departure the deaths there had ranged from ten to thirty a day, and the
authorities were then unable to enforce burials. Bodies were thrown into the streets
and spread contagion. But little headway had been made in the fight on the disease,
and it seemed as though the entire population of that Chilean port might be exter-
minated by the plague. Many persons had been shot down by the soldiers on guard
while attempting to escape from the stricken city.
In Hong Kong and in British South Africa plague has been present during the
year to much the same extent as during the previous year.
In the Lancet for June 10, 1905, appears an interesting contribution by Dr. A. M.
Elliot, late Special Plague Officer, Bombay government, whose experience includes
some 8,000 cases of plague. In a short bacteriological resume of that disease, he states,
as the result of his investigations, that the bacillus is present only in small numbers
in the lungs, except, of course, in the pneumonic form. He finds, too, that the bacillus
disappears from the buboes as suppuration becomes fully established. These points
are of importance as bearing on the relative infectivity of the various types of plague,
and support Prof. Simpson's opinion that the bubonic form is but slightly infective.
In support of his view that the lymphatic system is always the seat of local reaction
from the invading bacillus, Dr. Elliott says that in over 400 necropsies he has invari-
ably found some group of glands infected.
PUBLIC HEALTH 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
Keferring to the transmission of plague to man from domestic animals, Dr. Elliot
differs from Prof. Simpson as to the susceptibility of pigeons and fowls, as he has, so
far, been unable to effect either experimentally, though his control guinea-pigs have
died of plague within the usual period. He gives two instances where he cultivated a
bacillus corresponding in every way with that of plague, from cervical buboes in cats
which were in association with human cases.
Speculating on the possibility of explaining the recrudesence of plague by a
saprophytic existence of the bacillu^. Dr. Elliot describes an experiment in which ooil
from an infected house was kept in a tin-lined box for a month, with precautions
against infection. Rats were then introduced, and their food was boiled to prevent
infection from that source, but in from three to five weeks all the four rats had died
from plague. The experimenter gives this for what it is worth, and it is of interest in
that it goes to support the view that infection may be present in the soil, and shows
that it may retain its virulence there for seven weeks.
The greater part of the article is devoted to a consideration of the channels of in-
fection, and the writer evidently believes strongly that infection through the skin is
relatively very frequent. The greater incidence of inguinal buboes among adult males
is attributed to the sitting (or rather squatting) posture of the native, whereby the
perineum and neighbouring parts are kept in a dirty state, and the skin on the inner
aspect of the thigh is maintained in a sodden condition. Dr. Elliot considers that
women and children squat less often, and that the inguinal glands are less frequently
affected on that account. Shaving of the pubes and axillae in many cases affords op-
portunity for entrance of the bacillus through cuts. The higher percentage of axillary
buboes among women is explained by the proximity of the nipple, and the habit of the
women of wiping the hands on their clothing in that region. The high proportion of
cervical buboes among children is suggested to be due to their putting everything into
the mouth and to dentition.
Dr. Elliot believes that infected food is responsible in some cases, and gives post-
mortem evidence in favour of this view in cases where the only symptom was a severe
diarrhoea. He i-egards the higher fatality of certain types and of buboes in certain
situations as due to the wider mesh of the lymphatic tissue at the point of entrance
of the infective material, whereby the bacillus more readily reaches the blood stream
and a septicsemic condition results more rapidly.
Dr. Elliot's further contribution on the modes of transmission from man to man
may be looked for with interest.
E. H. Hankin writes as follows: —
* Thus, so far from the patient's dejecta being the main source of infection, known
facts indicate that only in a small proportion of instances does the microbe in the
dejecta pass into the condition in which it produces infection of human beings in
Indian plague. Eacts are even compatible with the supposition that this practically
never occurs apart from certain pneumonic cases. The problem of the means of the
spread of plague is by no means solved by a reference to rats. Though in some cases
there can be no doubt that they play a part in the spread of the disease, other cases
that have been brought forward indicate that the plague can spread and remain at-
tached to a locality apart from this agency.
' Historical evidence teaches us that the most virulent outbreaks recorded have
occurred among populations that habitually wear boots and shoes, rather than among
populations that go barefooted. This fact militates against the idea that infection is
due to the entry of the microbe through fissures in the skin of the feet. Still less
probable is it that this is a usual mode of entry of the microbe for rats, which animals,
ixs we may well believe, but rarely cut their feet by treading on stones or thorns, and
aie by no means so liable to wounds from other causes as they somgtimes are to
plague. Laboratory experiments show that the plague microbe loses its infectious
I'ower by repeated passages through rats by subcutaneous inoculation. Should these
6 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
fjjperiments be further substantiated, they would furnish good grounds for doubting
v-jjether contagion from rat to rat, or from rat's dejecta to rat, is the usual means of
spread of the disease among these rodents,, and to a less extent from rats to men. The
ax)parently spontaneous limitation of outbreaks of pneumonic plague caused by direct
infection indicates that the plague microbe may undergo a similar diminution of its
ii;foctive power by repeated passages through human beings.
' Thus it is improbable that the true " nidus " of the plague bacillus is either dirt,
or latf, or men; though either of these agents may be concerned in the exportation of
th-; disease from one loci^lity to another, or may be responsible for a few and isolated
attacks of the disease, and must, in any event, be regarded as suspect from the practi-
cal standpoint.
' The general immunity to infection of attendants in plague hospitals makes it
improbable that bugs and mosquitoes cause human infection by biting while their pro-
boscides are still fouled with the blood of septicsemic patients. It is difficult to see
why the proboscis of the ilea should be more liable to transmit infection in this way,
whether we are dealing with fleas that normally bite human beings, or fleas liberated
from infected rats.
' Simond has suggested that fleas deposit dejecta at the moment of biting, and
that the microbe contained in such dejecta is afterwards accidentally rubbed into the
bite, and so causes infection. But if fleas can be dangerous in this way, why should
not other biting insects that are present in plague hospitals similarly infect the at-
tendants ? Further, it may be doubted whether this theory adequately explains the
prolonged incubation period in the locality and persistence of the infection so often
observed in outbreaks of plague.
' The only view of the matter that appears to me likely to lead to an explanation
of the facts is that the true " nidus " of the plague infection is some species of flea in
which the microbe causes a slowly developing infection that at length renders the in-
sect capable of transmitting the disease, and in which insect the virus can retain or
regain its virulence.
If Simond's view were true, namely, that the flea merely retains the microbe in its
intestine and passes it out with its dejecta, one would expect fleas to be most virulent
immediately after, or soon after, ingesting the blood of infected rats. The theory now
put forward is that the microbe developes in the flea, and only after a lapse of time is
in a position to reach the proboscis in the act of biting. This theory obviously presup-
poses an interval between the time of reception of the virus by the flea and the develop-
ment of its capacity to pass this virus on to other animals. As explained above, such
an interval is usually observed in outbreaks of plague.
Changes in the habits of fleas as the rat population dies off may explain cases
in which rats appear to play different parts in the spread of the disease at different
I)eriods of the outbreak.
Differences in the habits of fleas in different localities may be the cause of abnor-
mal outbreaks in which certain susceptible species of animals temporarily or perman-
ently escape. The class of facts here referred to, and which have been described in
earlier paragraphs, are impossible to explain on the theory that plague transmission
is simply a chance passage of the microbe from infected dejecta to accidental cuts
or scratches on the bodies of stisceptible animals.'
Dr. Ashburton Thomson, from his observations in the epidemic of 1902 in
Sydney, concludes that the flea must be able to communicate the virus ' many hours,
and even some days after it has received it.' The facts brought forward in this
paper suggest that in India the flea may retain the power of transmitting disease for
weeks or even months. Simond has suggested that the retention of the infection by
fleas may be the cause of recrudescences of the disease, which, as he shows, usually
occur at the interval of a year after the first appearance of the outbreak.
PUBLIC HEALTH 7
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
* As evidence that the plague microbe developes within the body of the flea, I can
only quote the following observation of my own made during the above-mentioned
plague outbreak in Agra. In April, 1901, a rat was brought to me that had been
found dead in the grain dealers' quarters in Agra shortly after the first human case of
the disease had occurred. No trace of the plague microbe could be found, either by
microscopical examination or by culture in any of the tissues of the rat. On the rat,
however, I found a living flea. This I caught and placed in a tube of sterile bouillon.
The tube was violently shaken. The flea was then taken out and placed in a second
cube of bouillon and similarly treated. The process was repeated several times, with
the object of removing as far as possible saprophytic bacteria that might be present
on the surface of the flea. After the above treatment the flea was dissected, with
strict aseptic precautions, under a dissecting microscope. The stomach was taken
out and cut in two pieces. One half was placed on agar-agar, and from it a pure cul-
ture of plague was obtained (as shown by involution forms on salt agar, &c.). The
other half of the stomach was subjected to microscopical examination. The only
microbes visible were bacilli with rounded heads identical in appearance with those of
plague. These were arranged in clusters of about a dozen individuals each, and
appeared to be embedded in the tissues of the stomach wall. No bacilli were observed
in the liquid contents of the stomach. The arrangement of the bacilli in clusters
obviously suggests that they were engaged in reproduction in situ.'
Cholera. — This disease has appeared during the year in Austria, China, Egypt,
Germany, India, Japan, Persia, Philippine Islands, Poland, Russia, Straits Settle-
ments and Turkey.
This disease suddenly appeared in Prussia in August last, amongst Russian emi-
grants in Hamburg awaiting transportation to America. Sixty or more cases marked
its first outbreak and were rapidly followed by others, rising by the 11th of this month
to 261 cases, with 89 deaths.
Epidemic cholera has been slumbering in Riissia for at least a year past, and
several cases of suspected cholera have occurred in Moscow among travellers from
Poland. It will be remembered that last April the Russian government summoned
a large number of medical men to a conference at Moscow. This conference was to
have considered the means which were to be taken to check the spread of the epidemic,
but owing to political unrest in Russia it achieved little or nothing in this direction.
Whether cholera in Russia is connected with the outbreak which occurred in
Persia last October, it would be difficult to say. The recently published report of
Major Sykes on the trade of the Kerman consular district incidentally furnishes a
graphic account of the circumstances of the cholera epidemic which broke out at
Kerman in October last. It was originated by a pilgrim from Meshed, in the north-
east of Persia, who was ill and died of cholera a few miles outside the city, to which
he was returning. His friends washed his body in the neighbouring stream, and
brought all his clothes into Kerman to be sold, a proceeding which was rapidly fol-
lowed by the appearance of the disease in epidemic form. A complete panic immedi-
ately ensued, the first to yield to it being the authorities of the city. The entire
Persian official community ran away in a body followed by every one in the place who
could get hold of a horse or conveyance to take him away into the country. As a
result the surroimding villages immediately became affected by the disease, which was
thus rapidly disseminated about the neighbourhood. In the city business was brought
to an absolute standstill, the carpet trade, for which it is famous, suffering especially.
The only bright side of the picture. Major Sykes relates, lay in the heroic labours
of the doctors of the Church Missionary Society, who stayed to fight the epidemic.
Fortunately the cold weather was at hand, and at the end of a couple of montlis the
worst was over. Major Sykes points out the crying necessity of properly trained
Persian medical men and the equal need of training the people to follow a few simple
hygienic rules.
8 DEPARTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Epidemiologists have for some time been watching this gradual advance of
cholera from the east on one of its periodical incursions into western Europe. Thfe
movement began in the latter part of 1899. Eastward the disease advanced from
India rapidly, invading China and Japan. Erom Ilong Kong it passed to the
Philippines, working havoc in Manila and the provinces despite the best efforts of the
medical officers of the Army and Marine Hospital Service. Its progress westward
through Arabia and Persia into Russia has been more gradual. Cholera appeared, in
Mecca in 1902, and thence spread throughout the Mussulman world, being heard of
in Egypt, Asia Minor and Persia, finally establishing itself firmly in Teheran. From
this point it followed the caravan routes into Anatolia, Transcaucasia and Trana-
caspia, thence reaching the banks of the Volga. Here it rested for nearly eighteen
months, being restrained by some mysterious iniluence, the nature of which students
of epidemics have never yet discovered, and only now has it resumed its march west-
ward. Why should it have remained so long in Russia and then suddenly crosseil
the frontier? Raftsmen were coming down the Vistula past Thorn and Kulm, and
emigrants were leaving Poland and western Russia for Hamburg and Bremen, sailing
thence for Kew York, but the disease remained behind. The Russian health officials
did as little to throttle the epidemic then as they are doing now, and the communica-
tion between the Volga, where the cholera hibernated, and the Vistula down which
it is now journeying into Prussia, was just as free in the summer of 19Q'4 as in that
of 1905, but the infection refused to spread. Suddenly it takes a start and Europe
awakes to the i^eril of a cholera invasion. Epidemiologists tell us that the conditions
which retard or accelerate the progress of this disease are climatic conditions, but this
is only a term to cloak ignorance. Pettenkofer's subsoil water theory is just as satis-
factory and no more intelligible. That there is some influence which affects the viru-
lence of the comma bacilliis, or which determines a greater or lesser power of resist-
ance in the human subject, must be admitted, but whether this influence is atmo-
spheric or telluric or neither, it still remains a mystery.
Absolute authority has been given to the sanitary authorities in the districts of
Kulm, Thorn, Graudenz, Marienwerder, Stuhm, and Schwetz, for the purpose of pre-
venting the introduction and spread of cholera. Two Russian raftsmen died of the
disease at Kulm, and as they were engaged in the Vistula river traffic^ the source of
the infection is assumed to be somewhere up the river in Russian territory. All bath-
ing houses along the river have been closed, and the water supplies from the riveT for
adjacent towns have been sharply shut off. The inhabitants are obliged to import water
or to use that taken from the wells.
Ihe cases at Hamburg would seem to have no direct connection with those which
have occurred in West Prussia. The first case at Hamburg was in a Russian trans-
migrant, and its nature was only recognized after post-mortem examination on August
27. Great improvements have been introduced into the water supply and sanitation
of Hamburg and Altona since the great outbreak of cholera in 1892, and there seems
good reason to hope that the precautions taken will prevent the establishment of an
epidemic in that city. Meanwhile, embarkation of Russian transmigrants has been
stopped; the United States Board of Emigration has given orders that all steerage pas-
sengers from Bremen and Hamburg will be kept under observation for six days before
embarkation, and has despatched two medical inspectors to Hamburg.
The history of the present outbreak is typical. It began in Arabia and spread
across Syria, Mesopotamia and Persia into Russia; then it went up the Volga into the
heart of that empire. Sanitation is little known among the Muscovites and the death
rate in their cities is always so high that what would be considered an epidemic in
most countries attracts little attention, particularly if the people afflicted are the
labouring classes. It was carried into East Prussia, but there it found competent
medical barriers and has since been fought intelligently. On September 1 there were
forty-three eases in Germany, all in East Prussia save one in Hamburg. The im-
PUBLIC HEALTH 9
SESSIOf^AL PAPER No. 15
perial government at once ordered all emigrants from the country to be kept under
quarantine regulations until it wap certain they were healthy, and the United States
Marine Hospital Service sent its inspector at Naples to Hamburg and ordered an-
other inspector from Philadelphia to go to his assistance. On September 2, a second
case was discovered at Hamburg and nineteen deaths were reported. On September
4 the number of cases had risen to sixty-six, and the deaths to twenty-three, and on
September 5 these figures were seventy-seven and twenty-four respectively. The disease
was brought into the country by Russian raftsmen who came down the Vistula river,
and by a party of eighty emigrants, one of whom was the first man who died in Ham-
burg. A£ soon as this fact was known, orders were issued closing all restaurants along
the Vistula, except in towns, so that the rivermsn can be kept under better super-
vision, and facilities were provided for treating cholera patients in many parts of the
empire.
Circulars of warning referring to the appearance of cholera in Grermany were
sent to all your Atlantic quarantine officers, and the customs officers at the minor
Atlantic seaports.
In Poland during the period from the 6th to the 11th of this month, forty-seven
cases of cholera, with twenty-four deaths, were reported.
In the Philippines, Dr. Heiser, chief quarantine officer, reports that while the
total number of cases of cholera for the week ending September 23 is slightly in ex-
cess of those reported for the preceding week, yet the situation is not considerad
serious, and there is every reason to believe that the disease will be stamped out very
siiortly in the city of Manila. One very disquieting feature is the continued presence
of cholera on the watershed of the Maraquina Valley, above the intake of the city
water supply. Every efiort is l>eing made to guard against pollution, three troops of
cavalry being engaged on this work. Dr. Heiser states that considerable anxiety was
felt during the early part of that week on account of a report from Nueva Caceres
that one case of cholera had made its appearance at that place. During the cholera
outbreak of 1902 the disease appeared at Nxieva Caceres almost simultaneously with
its appearance at Manila, and since travel between Manila and Nueva Caceres during
the present outbreak was practically impossible, except that which underwent the regu-
lar quarantine of five days, it was not likely that the disease could have been carried
from Manila. Should this case have been correctly diagnosed, it would appear to
afford additional evidence that the disease is endemic in the Philippines. Xo addi-
tional cases have accurred, however, and this fact will appear to throw considerable
doubt on the diagnosis. Cholera in the provinces is still confined to about the same
limits. The cases at Taytay have markedly increased until they have now reached a
total of 56 cases* with 48 deaths. The total number of cases in the city of Manila
since the outbreak has been 195, with 168 deaths. The number of cases in the pro-
vinces has been 260, with 213 dealiis.
Small-pox. — This disease has as usual prevailed extensively this year, appearing
in Africa, Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, British Guiana, •Canada, Ceylon,
Chile, China, Columbia, Cuba. Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, France, Formosa, Germany,
Gibraltar, Great Britain. Greece, Hawaii, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, ISTether lands,
Norway, Panama, Peru, Philippine Islands, Porto Ri*co, Russia, Spain, Straits Settle-
ments, Switzerland, Sweden, Turkey, Uruguay, United States. Venezuela, and the
West Indies.
Although this disease has ceased to exist as an epidemic in .the United States,
there have been during the year, from time to time;, such threatening outbreaks of the
disease close to the south of our international frontier, as to require temporary local
inspecting officers at various points. Svich officers have been on duty for such periods
as seemed to be requisite at Canso, N.S., Owen Sound, Thessalon, Bruce Mines, Sault
Ste. Marie, and Fort Francis, Ont. ; North Portal, Sask., and Gateway, B.C.
10 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Cases of this disease were brought to some of your quarantine stations, and it has
in each case been stamped out there.
Few people nowadays are unwise enough to question the protective value of vac-
cination. An additional proof of its value — if turther proof be necessary — is to be
found in the report of a small-pox hospital in one of the neighbouring states, from
which I quote as follows: 'During the past four years about 1,000 medical students,
60 physicians^, 100 nurses, and over 100 servants have been freely exposed to small-pox
in the wards of the municipal hospital, the medical students being admitted to study
the cases. Of this group, approximately, 1,250 individuals, only one contracted small-
pox. This individual, a medical student, descendant from an anti-vaccination family,
through purposeful deception, gained access to the small-pox wards, contracted the
disease, and was so seriously ill that for a time his life was in extreme jeopardy.'
Further experience seems to confirm the claim for chloroform instead of glycerine
for the purification of vaccine put forward by Dr. Alan B. Green, of the English
Government Lymph laboratories, London, Eng. The health commission of Chicago
reports : Emulsions of vaccine pulp exposed for a time to chloroform vapours after the
method devised by Dr. Alan B. Green of London have been found by Dr. J. F. Biehn,
director of the Department Laboratory of the Chicago Health Department, uniformly
free from all foreign organisms except those causing vaccin'o. This vaccine was used
by a physician five days after it was removed from the calf. One day was required
to prepare it, one day to ship it to Chicago, two days to test it bacteriologically, and
one day to send it to the clinician who made the clinical test. Ten days after its
receipt the clinician reported that tbe chloroformed vaccine had given 100 per cent
of successful primary vaccinations. The most important advantage of the chloroform
process is the rapidity with which vaccine lymph may be purified. Purifying by the
action of glycerine requires from forty to sixty days; by chloroform, four hours.
Dr. Green, who devised this method of purifying vaccine pulp as it is collected
from the calf, says, in a recent report, that since April, 1903, the date of his prelim-
inary note on this subject, a large niimber of vaccines have been treated. These
lymphs have been freed from their non-spore-bearing extraneous bacteria within a
period ranging between one and eight hours after their collection from the calf, and
have, subject to the usual tests, been issued for general vaccination purposes about
two weeks after collection. Their use, he claims, has resulted in high ' case ' and
' insertion ' success.
The rapidity with which vaccine lymph can thus be purified obviates the danger
of a vaccine famine when a small-pox outbreak creates an unusual demand for vacci-
nation.
Another advantage is that the life of the vaccine — that is, the period during
which it remains active — is materially prolonged. Glycerine is intimately mixed
with the lymph and continues its sterilizing action until the vaccine becomes inert.
The chloroform is withdrawn as soon as the lymph is purified and there is no further
sterilization.
A still further advantage of this new proc<='sg vaccine, and one which will be duly
appreciated by practical vaccinators who have to deal with large numbers, is the
rapidity with which the chloroform vaccine dries when applied.
Yellow fever. — The most notable event of the year in connection with this
disease has been its reappearance in the southern part of the United States. The
stress of the epidemic has been most felt in the State of Louisiana and in the city of
New Orleans. In that city there have been 3,383 cases and 455 deaths.
The first intimation to the health authorities of yellow fever in New Orleans
was had on the afternoon of July 12, when two phys'.cians reported orally to the
president of the State Board of Health in his office two cases of illness resembling,
in their judgment, yellow fever, one case being reported after death.
PUBLIC HEALTH 11
SESSIOriAL PAPER No. 15
The plan of campaign adopted by the Board of Health from the beginning was
based on the mosquito conveyance of disease, and the system was improved from day
to day as the men employed became more familiar with their duties.
For the first time since yellow fever appeared in New Orleans the noon bulletin
of October 28, covering the sixteen hours preceding showed that there were no new
cases and no deaths.
The yellow fever epidemic is so niearly at an end that it can safely be said that
science has won a distinct victory after one of its greatest battles. The attitude and
the effort of the community have been admirable and thoroughly helpful to the en-
lightened and vigorous course of the officers of the United States Public Health and
Marine Hospital Service. Action along the lines pointed out by the mosquito theory
of infection has proved to be absolutely effective. This is demonstrated by compari-
sons with the epidemic of 1878. The two epidemics were discovered late in July,
and they ran a very similar course up to three or four days after the beginning of the
organized fight this year. Thereafter the cases decreased in 1905 as against a great
increase in 1878. In all the south there have been in 1905 less than 9,000 cases and
not over 1,000 deaths, while in 1878 in New Orleans alone, with half its present popu-
lation, there were 4,000 deaths. In 1905 outside New Orleans it has been shown,
in town after to\vn, that the epidemic recedes xmiformly when there is thorough appli-
cation of the methods deduced from the mosquito doctrine. Wlienever the com-
munity has been reluctant to adopt measures demanded by modern knowledge, there
the epidemic has been most severe.
Under the heading of the Mosquito as a School Master, Charities says :
' One female Stegomyia, with an old oyster can in your back yard, with a little
water in it, can hatch out 200,000,000 mosquitoes in one year; clean out your cans,
your broken bottles and your tubs.'
This is a sentence from a veritable stump speech before one of the hundred meet-
ings held throughout New Orleans the past month. It shows not only the thor-
oughness of the campaign against infection, but the picturesque way in which the sub-
ject has been driven home in one of the most remarkable educational movements of
the decade. Practically an entire city has been converted to the mosquito theory of
the transmission of yellow fever. The lecturer's stereopticon has been as mighty in
the muster of arms as the bacteriologist's microscope. It has been a story of ' inspec-
tion, fumigation and widest education,' to use the words of the Picayune, and the
list of meetings announced in a single issue, sounding as they do like the marshallings
of a political campaign, gives an idea of the vigor with which this gospel of belief
and of works has been preached in churches and halls, and synagogues and markets ;
before Italians and negroes, and women's club and ward organizations.
Professional recognition will come to the Marine Hospital Service and to the
local health officers for their technical sanitary work. Charities would compliment
them further upon the spirit with which they have welcomed and engaged public co-
operation.'
The Mosquito Transmission of Yellow Fever. — At the annual meeting of the
American Public Health Association, held in Boston, Mass., during last month, a
committee consisting of Drs. John Guiteras, Frederick Montizambert, P. H. Bailhache,
James •Carroll, William Bailey, and Eduardo Liceaga, presented the following pre-
ambles and resolutions: —
' Whereas, The results obtained during the present epidemic of yellow fever in
New Orleans by the methods of mosquito extermination, and by the prevention of the
access of the mosquito to the patients, have been far in advance of the results ob-
tained by the older methods ; and
' Whereas, It has been possible by the new methods to hold in check and gradually
to reduce an epidemic that has taken a firm foothold in the midst of the largest non-
immune population that was ever exposed to yellow fever; therefore, be it
12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906 .
'Resolved, (1) That the a.ssociation sees in these results a further confirmation
of the view that yellow fever is naturally transmitted only by the bite of an infected
mosquito. (2) That the association is of opinion that an efficient plan of defence
against the propagation of yellow fever at the beginning of an epidemic can be easily
established upon the basis of this doctrine. (3) That the successful carrying-out of
such plan depends upon a thorough understanding of the mosquito doctrine by the peo-
ple, and the support that they may give to the prompt and frank reporting and to the
.proper handling of the first cases, and of all suspicious cases. (4) The association
wishes further to congratulate the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service for the
brilliant work done by Dr. Joseph H. White and his colleagues in New Orleans, and
to urge upon all concerned that the said service be called upon to take charge perman-
ently of maritime quarantine along the Gulf Coast."
These resolutions were adopted.
Scarlet fever. — ^In a recent article on this disease the Journal of the American
Medical Association says : —
The treatment of the eruptive fevers by red light is no new proceeding, as there
is some evidence that the Chinese and also some European nations employed it cen-
turies ago. That they applied the treatment in the form now suggested seems doubt-
ful, and there is evidence that they neglected to exclude ordinary light from the sick
room, and that the hanging of the room with red draperies, and sometimes wrapping
the limbs in red cloths, constituted the red light treatment of early days. Toward the
end of the last century the work of Finsen put the matter on a scientific basis, and re-
newed the interest in this form of treatment. The philosophy of the treatment is
based, on the well-known fact that the so-called chemical rays in light, the blue, violet
and ultra-violet, are capable of setting up inflammation in the healthy skin, and there-
fore are certain to aggravate the inflammation in a skin already diseased from some
other cause. Finsen suggested the use of the red light treatment in small-pox parti-
cularly, and the results reported have varied, though they have been most encouraging,
when the reporter closely followed Finsen's directions. This method of treatment has
also been followed with some success in erysipelas, especially by Krukenberg, who has
reported both improvement in the skin condition and rapid decrease in the tempera-
ture.
Quite recently Cnopf of Niirnberg has reported some results with the red light
treatment of scarlet fever, which are distinctly encouraging. The method of apply-
ing the treatment in these cases is important, as all daylight must be permanently ex-
cluded until the eruption of the disease has completely disappeared. The windows for
their lower two-thirds should be covered with some tissue completely impermeable to
light, while the upper one-third should, be covered with some ruby red silk. At night the
room should be treated as a photograpnic dark room and only lights with red shades
should be allowed. The importance of completely excluding everything but the red rays
is demonstrated by some of Cnopf's experiences. He found that even after the scarla-
tinal rash had apparently disappeared exposure to daylight for two or three minutes
sufficed to bring it back. He was compelled, therefore, to make this test in all cases
before allowing patients to be subjected to ordinary light. The effect of the red light
treatment on scarlet fever is twofold. The fever, which under ordinary treatment
usually persists until the rash fades, falls, almost by crisis, and I'eaches normal in
three or four days instead of in seven or eight days, as is the ca33 under ordinary
treatment. The skin lesion is also markedly affected, the re4 colour so characteristic
of the disease gradually fading. The complications of the disease are apparently not
affected, as in several of Cnopf's cases secondary angina or pneumonia served to caus6
an increase in the fever as usual.
The question naturally arises whether it is the red light or merely the exclusion
of all light which is responsible for the changes noted by Cnopf. The query is an old
PUBLIC HEALTH 13
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
one. Years ago it was noted that exclusion of all light from small-pox patients led
to less pitting than daylight treatment. Cnopf, however, thinks that the mere exclu-
sion of daylight is not the responsible agent, but that the red rays have an actual
curative effect. How this effect is produced he does not pretend to say. However
much we may be lacking in explanations of these observations, and however niucli we
may doubt the actual value of the treatment, the success achieved seems to indicate
that the method is worthy of more extended trial.
Considerable interest was aroused not long since by ^lallory's description of cer-
tain protozoon-like bodies which he had observed in the epithelial cells and the lymph
spaces of the skin taken from patients who had died of scarlet fever. He had been
unable to find these in the living patient. This discovery was hailed as a possible con-
tribution to the etiology of the disease, and a number of investigators have since then
busied themselves with the question along the lines indicated by Mallory, Duval
obtained similar bodies from the blisters of scarlatina cases, and now C, W. Field
(Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol, VII., ISTo. 4), has published the results of his
investigations dealing with a similar condition not only in scarlet fever, but also in
measles and other skin rashes. Eield comes to the conclusion, based on an extensive
series of observations,' that the bodies described by Mallory are part of the proto-
plasm of the epithelial cells, which has been so changed in its chemical nature that its
staining reaction differs from that of the surrounding protoplasm. The small round
extra-cellular bodies found in the living patient may arise from degenerating cells,
but this origin the author does not assert without reserve. In sections of control and
normal skin, the nuclei of the epithelial cells were often seen to be indented by the
cell protoplasm, giving them an appearance similar to those indented by Mallory's
bodies. It would seem that if these bodies were protozoa, they would have been found
in the sections from both the living and the dead skin of scarlatina and measles
patients, as they were present in the blister fluid. Their occasional absence seems
more suggestive of a degeneration than of a living organism. This view is also borne
out by the fact that in one instance they were not found immediately after death, but
were present in another specimen from the same case removed 24 hours later. An-
other circumstance of interest that apparently supports the idea that bodies foiind in
the blister fluid are the products of degeneration and cytolytic activity, is the fact
that these were found in the antitoxin rashes as well as in those of scarlatina and
measles. Field's observations demonstrate quite clearly that a great majority of these
protozoon-like bodies arise from degenerating cells and the differentiation between
one of the latter and a true protozon by the morphology and the staining reaction
alone will remain a difficult matter. Although it would seem from these facts that
the bodies described by Mallory may be what Field claims them to be, nevertheless
they may be specific accompaniments of these diseases, and even if we cannot ascribe
to them any pathogenic characters, it may be yet be possible that their demonstration
will prove of some assistance in the diagnosis of these cases,
Beriheri. — The Medical Record reports that at a recent medical meeting Dr,
Tertius Clarke read a paper on this subject, discussing the various theories concerning
its etiology. He said the arsenical theory was based on the similarity of symptoms,
and on the finding of arsenic in the hair and toenails of some patients ; but the herpes,
the pigmentation and the painful feet of arsenical neuritis were not seen in beriberi.
In addition to this the neuritis of beriberi was chiefly parenchymatous, while
that of arsenic was chiefly interstitial. The rice theory had its main support in the
almost complete immunity of Tamils from the disease in a country where beriberi
was one of the three chief causes of death. These Tamils subjected their rice before
husking to a preliminary boiling, while the other races husked their rice raw, and so
it could become contaminated by the poison which was in the husk. This was not the
only difference between the Chinese and the Tamils, for ihe former rarely took hot
things with their rice, whereas the Tamils always took a quantity of pungent things
14 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD Vli., A. 1906
containing essential oils, wliich it would be reasonable to regard as preventives. The
place theory supposed thai the virus existed in certain places or gangs, some consider-
ing that the organism, others that only the toxin produced by the organism gained
entrance to the system. Only conjectures could be made as to how the organism or
toxin entered the system. The theory of Hamilton Wright was that beriberi was ' an
acute infectious disease having a definite primary lesion ' in the stomach and small
intestine, and that the casual organisms might be ingested in any food and drink
accidentally contaminated and might ' multiply and produce a toxin both in the con-
tents and walls of the affected stomach and in the small intestine.' The chief sup-
port of this theory was the finding of gastroduodenitis in all cases in which death had
occurred in the early stages of the disease. Bearing on the rice theory, Dr. Clarke
related an experience of his own. He was in charge of a hospital and of an Asylum
for Decrepit Vagrants in Lower Perak. The hospital had been in use for several
years; the asylum, though an old building, had for some time been empty. The hos-
pital and asylum were about three hundred yards apart; the soil, air and water supply
were the same. The hospital had cement floors and very well ventilated wards; the
asylum had raised wooden floors and very badly ventilated wards. There were about
sixty Chinamen in the asylum, and about thirty in the hospital daily. The food in
the two institutions was similar in quantity and quality, and was supplied by the same
contractor. The conditions at the hospital were, on the whole, far better than they
were at the asylum, except for the one fact that the clothing, bedding and utensils at
the hospital had been in use for some time, whereas all these things at the asylum
were absolutely new. Beriberi cases were admitted into both institutions, but of thirty
cases in the hospital between the middle of November, 1903, and the end of the year,
six originated in the hospital in men admitted for other diseases, and twenty-nine of
the thirty patients died, showing an extraordinary virulence. During the same period
at the asylum no beriberi paients died and no new cases occurred among the inmates.
After very thorough disinfection of the hospital which included boiling all clothes,
perchloriding the bed-boards, floors and walls, and changing the patients around so
that the Tamils occupied the Chinese ward and the Chinese the Tamil ward, no more
cases arose. No change was made in the diet. No Tamils acquired the disease,
though their rice was the same and actually cooked in the same vessel with that
for the Chinese. It might be noted, however, that they had hot curry-stuffs and no
pork.
Dr. Clarke said it was quite the exception for dressers, or even for ward attendants,
whro might sleep every night in beriberi wards, to acquire the disease. He had known
a Chinaman who had been a ward attendant for nine years (and who must have slept
many hundred times in a ward containing thirty or forty beriberi patients) leave
in order to go tin mining, and come back into hospital in a few months with beriberi.
The late Dr. Louis Vintras contributed to The Hospital, November 26, a paper on
beriberi which possesses particular value in view of the reported ravages of the malady
in the Japanese army, which is in other respects so well guarded from the attacks of
disease. Dr. Vintras had had a long experience in observing the disease while in
Brazil and the Guianas, and his conclusions are therefore of interest. His belief was
that the malady is neither endemic or epidemic, but is primarily due to privations and
faulty nutrition, and that both white and coloured people are equally liable to it. He
states, moreover, that as Professor Achermann, the president of the Norwegian Com-
mission on the disease, has recently established, there is no essential difference between
Asiatic beriberi and ship beriberi. The difference in the symptoms on which it has
been sought to lay so much stress, is a difference due simply to the conditions under
which the patients find themselves, and not to any fundamental pathological differ-
ence. For the symptoms differ as largely among Asiatics as they do among the mem-
bers of white crews, nor can it be said that the form it assumes is more severe with
the one class of patients than with the other.
PUBLIC HEALTH 15
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
The writer pointed out an important pathological feature in connection with the
disease, which is that when the damage done to the nerve endings has reached a cer-
tain point, though the progress of the disease may be arrested, the affected parts of the
nerves do not recover and the paralysis and subsequent deformities are irremediable.
Dr. Yintras summed up as follows : ' Beriberi will appear wherever life is depen-
dent for any length of time on foods, whether animal or vegetable, whose nutritive
value has become impaired, more especially when people are at the same time sub-
jected to heavy physical strain, or to long exposure in debilitating climates. Our pres-
etn knowledge of dietetics is too imperfect for us to formulate the exact relations be-
tween the different constituents of our foods and the different tissues of the body.
Otherwise, knowing that it is nerves which are primarily affected in beriberi, we
should be able to say what is the particular impairment in food generally which is
responsible for the causation of this disease.'
Leprosy. — Leprosy existed in Egypt in prehistoric times and extended to another
land only when intercourse was established between the two countries. It reached
Greece at about 345 B.C., Italy in the first century before Christ, and from the latter
country extended to Germany, France and Spain. Crusaders returning from the
Orient also brought back the disease in later times and eventually all Europe was
infected. Leprosy is known to have existed in Great Britain in the tenth century, and
from that coimtry it was carried to Iceland and Greenland. From Germany it ex-
tended to the Scandinavian countries, and from the latter to Finland and Russia. It
also reached Eussia from the south and east, and in the south it was at one time called
the Crimean disease. The West Indies and South America probably were infected
from Spain, and through these channels the disease was carried to the southern states.
The leprosy of the western states seems to have been imported by Norwegian immi-
grants chiefly. In 1902 the United States leprosy commission found 278 cases in that
country. One hundred and eighty-six of these individuals probably contracted the
disease in that country, 120 were born in foreign countries and 145 were native born.
ihe disease also extended around the globe in the opposite direction, reaching China,
Japan and the East Indian Islands from India. The Sandwich Islands became in-
fected in the nineteenth century.
The contagiousness of the disease appears to have been recognized at a very
early period. In 636 A.D., leprosy houses were instituted in Italy and other coun-
tries, and the practice of segregating lepers soon became general. The hospitals were
called Lazarus houses in middle Europe and St. George houses in Scandinavian coun-
tries. Pipin and Charles the Great declared marriage between lepers illegal. The
rapid disappearance of leprosy in middle Europe during the sixteenth century is
ascribed largely to the segregation of the patients.
In 1872 Ilansen announced that small rods, sometimes intracellular and some-
times free, were to be found constantly in teased preparations of leprous tissue. These
rods, leprosy bacilli, are now universally recognized as the cause of the disease, and
in 1879 they were stained by I^Teiser and a year later by Hansen, The organism is
non-motile, has about the dimensions of the tubercle bacillus, the same staining reac-
tions, and frequently shows a beaded appearance (degeneration forma (?) ). It is
said to take up dyes more readily than the tubercle bacillus, but the difference is not
so great as to be distinctive. It stains by Gram's method.
Success in cultivating the bacillus has been reported a number of times, but the
researches of others have failed to confirm these successes. Up to the present time
it is probable that the organism has not been made to grow in artificial media. The
resemblance of the bacillus to other acid-fast organisms, which are not pathogenic for
animals, and the non-suseeptibilty of experiment animals to leprosy, are conditions
which render very difficult the identification of a culture as that of the leprosy
bacillus. ISTicolli is said to have produced leprous nodules in monkeys by inoculating
them with diseased tissue.
16 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
So far as known the organism has no natural existence outside the human body,
and it is disseminated only by the secretions of the diseased. It is discharged chiefly
through the secretions of the nose and the upper respiratory passages, the surfaces
of which are so commonly the seat of leprous ulcers, and also through ulcerating
lesions of the skin. Expectorations, sneezing and coughing have approximately the
same significance for the dissemination of leprosy bacilli as of tubercle bacilli. In-
fected droplets of sputum may be emitted by forcible speaking. It is stated that
the organisms found in the sputum and nasal secretions appear to be largely degen-
erated, a condition which may lessen the infectiousness of these substances.
The infectiousness of the leprosy bacillus is of a low character. ' Epidemiologic
experience teaches that infection occurs only throi;gh intimate and prolonged associa-
tion with the diseased, in which doubtless uncleanliness plays a very important role'
(Gotschlich), A leprous husband eventually infects his wife, and the children of
lepers commonly develop the disease early in life. The high percentage of leprosy
which is noted among the laundresses of infected localities indicates that the disease
may also be transmitted by indirect contact. Gotschlich throws some doubt on the
importance of dust infection since so many of the bacilli found in sputum appear to
be degenerated. Nothing is known of the resistance and. viability of the organism
outside the body.
On account of the early appearance and almost constant occuri-ence of leprous
lesions in the nasal passages Strieker believes that the latter constitute the chief infec-
tion atrium; of this Hansen is not positive. Nasal ulcers may be present in latent
or apparently healed cases. Kolle cites a case showing extensive involvement of the
spleen and liver in which the intestinal tract was considered the infection atrium.
In some instances in which disease is first noted in the feet, the organisms are sup-
posed to gain entrance with infected soil through abrasions in the skin. According
to Cornil and Babes, infection may take place throvigh. the hair follicles and' sebaceous
glands. The theory of Jonathan Hutchinson that leprosy may be contracted through
eating diseased fish, or that the latter in some way may render the individuals sus-
ceptible to infection is not generally accepted. Hereditary acquisition of the disease
is of doubtful occurrence, although the bacilli have been found in ova (Babes) and
commonly are present in enormous numbers in the testicles. Hansen states, however,
that he has never found them in the female generative organs. — The Journal.
Because of the failure to cultivate the leprosy bacillus, experimental work with
the serum and cells of men and animals, by which the conclusions as to the defen-
sive powers of the body might be drawn, cannot be carried out.
The principles of prophylaxis may be illustrated by citing the practices in Nor-
way. Originally all lepers were confined to institutions. At the present time, how-
ever, only indigent lepers and those who can not be suitably cared for at home are re-
quired to enter an asylum, where they live under the best hygienic conditions. Other
patients are allowed to remain at home, with the understanding that they sleep alone
and, if possible, have separate rooms, that their clothing, linen and eating utensils be
usied by on one else ,and that proper precautions be taken in the washing of linen.
Dressings and bandages must be burned. Leprous mothers not to nurse their off-
spring; kissing to be prohibited; under no circumstances should a leper touch food to
be eaten by others. Under these regulations the number of lepers in Norway has de-
creased from 2,870 in 1856 to 577 in 1900.
In the May number of the St. Thomas Hospital Gazette, Dr. G. Armauer
Hansen gives an interesting account of leprosy in Norway. It is not known when
the disease was introdnced into that country. Dr. Hansen thinks it probable that
some of the Vikings caught the disease on their cruises to the north of France, Eng-
land or Scotland. Nothing positive is known about leprosy in Norway before 1277,
when King Haakin V. by his will decreed that the St. Catharina Hospital in Bergen
rhould only admit lepers. Later there was a hospital in Tinsberg and one at Hamar,
nd that, says Dr. Hansen, is all that is known about the disease in Norway till 1840,
PUBLIC HEALTH 17
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
when Danielssen and Boeck began their memorable researches. Then it was that, in
the words of Virchow, leprosy entered into the nnmber of scientifically studied
diseases. By the census of the lepers in Norway, made in 1845, they found that the
total number was 1,122, and their investigations led them to the conclusion that lep-
rosy was essentially a hereditary disease, but that it might also arise sponanteously as
the result of bad living and a wet climate. In accordance with the pathological con-
cepts of the day, they thought the disease was caused, by a dyscrasia — too much albu-
men in the blood. At their suggestion refuges in which poor lepers could be cared for
and treated were established at Bergen, at Molde and at Trondjem ; ' thereby,' says
our author, ' were taken the measures which have proved so successful.' Hansen began
his studies on leprosy in 1868 under the guidance of Danielssen. In 1871 and 1872
he made researches on the etiology of the disease in rural districts, and in this way
he found that many facts as to the spread of the disease could be much better ex-
plained by contagion than by hereditary. He was thus led to search for a parasitic
agent, with the. result that he made his famous discovery. At the same time he
revised the statistics of the prevalence of the disease. He found that, whereas the
number of lepers in 1856 had been thought to be 2,079, there really were 2,833. Care-
ful inquiries satisfied him that no decrease in the number of lepers had taken place
till that time. Since then the records have been accurately kept, and they show that
the disease has steadily diminished, a result which in Hansen's opinion can be ex-
plained only by the system of isolation, partial as it was, which was adopted. ' It
would,' he says, ' be highly remarkable that the improvements in the preparation of
fish food should set in exactly at the same time as the isolation of lepers set in.' But
it is known with certainty that no such improvement in the way of dealing with fish
took place at that time. When Hansen made his researches in the country districts
in 1871 and 1872 he found that the peasants still consumed badly cured fish in. large
quantities while leprosy was already decreasing. He sums up — and he gives his con-
clusion the emphasis of italics — that the fish diet theory of leprosy does not hold good
for Norway, and prohahly not for any other locality. While the fish theory cannot
explain the decrease of leprosy in Norway, he is inclined to consider that decrease the
best argument so far available in proof of the contagiousness of the disease.
If there be still any who do not admit the contagiousness of leprosy, the case
brought forward by Professor Wolff of Strassburg at the International Congress of
Dermatology, held last year at Berlin, shouH prove convincing. The facts are as
follows : On November 2, 1903, a man suffering from undoubted leprosy attended
Dr. Wolff's skin clinic. After spending five years in Tonquin he had returned to his
native place, Urbach. At the end of two months he was admitted to the hospital
there. Thence he had been sent on to Strassburg for treatment. In the latter city he
remained in hospital till his death, which occurred on July 4, 1904. On February
2, 1902, a nephew of the foregoing presented himself at the clinic. He was a robust
young fellow of 19, and had always been quite healthy until recently, when he com-
plained of sharp pains in the back. He had never resided out of Urbach. During
the two montlis' sojourn of the leprous uncle in the house of the young man's parents
in that place the lad had often played with him and kissed him. On investigation
the lad was found to be suffering from leprosy. This instance of the disease occurring
in a leprosy-free area is on a par with the well known Irish case recorded by Dr.
Benson.
The subject of leprosy has attracted attention in the United States this year.
On Monday, May 15, there was a conference of representatives of State Boards of
Health with the Surgeon-General of the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service,
Dr. Wyman. Twenty-seven states were represented.
The first subject discussed was the control of leprosy.
It seems to be the general opinion that the danger from leprosy in that country is
increasing. Dr. Geddings, of the Marine Hospital Service, read a report showing
15—2
18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
tliat there are 278 lepers known of in the United States at the present time; 176 males
and 102 females. One hundred and forty-five are American born and 129 foreign
born. One hundred and eighty-six apparently contracted the disease in that country
and 68 abroad. But 72 of the cases are isolated, the others being at large.
The establishment of a National Lepers' Home, for the segregation of all lepers
was advocated. Dr. Wyman stated that a bill had been presented to the last Congress
for such a home, and another one providing for the study of leprosy in the Island of
Molokai, Hawaii, under the supervision of the Public Health Service of the United
States.
A bill recently passed by Congress provides that when the Territory of Hawaii
shall have ceded to the United States in perpetuity a tract of land one mile square
within the leper settlement on the Island of Molokai, a hospital station and laboratory
of the United States Public Health and Marine Hospital Service shall be established
thereon for the study of the methods of transmission, cause and treatment
of leprosy. It further authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to cause the
erection on a site selected of suitable and necessary buildings, and that the
surgeon general of the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service, through his
accredited agent, may receive patients afflicted with leprosy and committed to his care
under the legal authorization of the Territory of Hawaii. These patients are not to
exceed forty in number to be under treatment at any one time, and they shall remain
under the jurisdiction of the surgeon-general until returned to the proper health
authorities of Hawaii.
The surgeon general, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, is
authorized also to detail, or to appoint, for the purposes of these investigations, any
medical officers, acting assistant surgeons and others who may be necessary for the
purpose. The sum of $100,000 is appropriated for the erection of the buildings, and
$50,000 for the maintenance and pay of officers and employees for the fiscal year end-
ing June 30. 1906.
At the Tracadie Leper Lazaretto continiied good results follow the treatment
spoken of in my last annual report. All the patients who take this treatment — chaul-
moogra oil and strychine, with creolin outwardly — are improving under it both in
health and spirits. The appalling darkness of their former hopeless condition being
now lightened and brightened by gleams of hope. One patient, a man of 40, is so
apparently cured of all symptoms of the disease that I felt justified at my last in-
spection of the lazaretto in approving of his going home, on the condition of his
reporting himself from time to time for examination by the physician of the institu-
tion. He has been in the lazaretto for five years.
Previous to his being thus released all the ulcerations on his body and limbs
had completely healed, and repeated microscopic examinations of the mucus from his
mouth, throat and nostrils had for some time failed to reveal the presence of the
leprosy bacillus.
Whether this apiiarent cure will prove permanent or not the future, of course,
alone can show.
With regard to this question of cures it is well known that spontaneous cures do
take place sometimes in leprosy, or rather spontaneous cessations of the disease.
Thus in the history of this lazaretto Dr. Smith reports the following cases:
Judith Benoit entered in 1879, discharged in 1889. Augustin Losier, entered in 1879,
discharged 1885. Louis Manzeroll, entered in 1882, discharged in 1890. Maurice
Benoit (the man spoken of in my last annual report) entered in 1878, discharged
in 1889.
Thus the cure in the case of the man discharged this year may also be spontane-
ous and not due to the chaulmoogra oil. But there can be no question of the benefits
of this treatment in any case.
With regard to the theory of a fish diet as a cause of this disease, as held by Jona-
than Hutchinson, the experience of our lazaretto is against it. And it may be of
PUBLIC HEALTH 19
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
interest to note that all the four discharged patients here mentioned by name are
stated to have returned to an almost exclusively fish diet, and all remain free from
any return of the disease. It is of course possible, however, that the very fact of their
spontaneous cure may imply such an amount of self -immunization as may protect
them from further attack.
Tuberculosis. — The chief event during the year in connection with this disease has
been the holding of the International Tuberculosis Congress in Paris this month.
And the chief event of that congress has been the announcement of Professor Emil
Behring that he has succeeded in rendering animals immune, and can probably cure
them when the disease has been fully developed. No experiments have yet been made
by him on man. *
At the closing session of the congress von Behring announced that in the course
of the last two years he had established the existence of a curative principle entirely
different from the antitoxic principle. It is the essential element, he stated, in the
immunizing action of the vaccine with which he has been successfully combating
bovine tuberculosis. Four years of experience have demonstrated the efficacy of the
bovo-vaccine, and it is being applied now on a large scale in agricultural circles. ' The
curative principle,' he continued, depends on the impregnation of the living cells of
;he organism with a substance derived from the virus of tuberculosis, which I call
TC. When the TC has become an integral part of the cells of the organism of the
animals treated with it, and has become transformed by these cells, I designate it as
TX. In the bacillus of tuberculosis the TX, or rather the TC, pre-exist as an agent
endowed with a large number of extraordinary properties. In the bacillus this agent
has the function of a formative substance. It has also fermentative and catalytic
properties. It can fasten itself by contact on other substances — a phenomenon called
' adsorption ' — and has assimilating properties, in short, it represents the ' quasi vital
principle ' of the bacilli. In cattle, in the process of rendering them immune to tuber-
culosis, the TC is freed from accidental substances. It exerts a symbiotic action in-
side the cells of the organism, especially in the cellular elements which are derived
from the germinal centres of the lympathic tissue. The presence of the TC is the
cause of the supersensitiveness to Koch's tuberculin, on the one hand, and of the pro-
tecting reaction against tuberculosis on the other hand. This conception of a cellular
immunity is entirely different from the antitoxic humoral immunity.' The Journal
of October 17, 1903, page 994, presented Behring's announcement in regard to vaccina-
tion of cattle against tuberculosis. (See also page 620 of volume xlii.) His experi-
ence has convinced him that the technic was inapplicable to man, it being unwise to
inject live tubercle bacilli into human beings for therapeutic purposes. He continued,
in his congress address : ' The discovery of this curative principle is destined, I believe,
to protect human beings threatened with phthisis against the injurious action of
tuberculous infection. As I studied it more and more I foimd that the relations
between vaccination and immunity became plain, and that it solved one after another
of the puzzling problems in regard to the nature and mode of action of anti-diphtheria
serum. After the discovery of the curative principle my efforts were directed to pro-
duce it in vitro and thus spare the cells of the organism the arduous and sometimes
dangerous task of elaborating the TX under the influence of the TC. This I have
accomplished, substituting passive immunization for the active immunization of my
bovo-vaccine. The TC has to be freed from the substances which interfere with its
therapeutic action. There are three groups of such substances in the body of the
bacillus. The first is a substance which has a fermentative and catalytic action and is
soluble in water. The toxic elements in Koch's tuberculin are derived from this sub-
stance. It posseses all the physical, chemical and tinctorial properties of volutin, and
I call it TV. A single gram of this substance in the dry form is more powerful than
a liter of Koch's tuberculin. The second substance is soluble only in a neutral salt,
such as a 10 per cent saline solution. I call this substance TGL, as it is like globulin.
15— 2i
20 DEPANTMEyr OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
The third group includes various non-toxic substances, sohible only in ether, alchohol,
chloroform, &c. After the bacillus has been freed from these three groups of sub-
stances it still retains its shape and staining properties, but it can be modified into an
amorphous substance which is absorbed by the lympathic cells. The amorphous sub-
stance is elaborated and metamorphosed by these cells and they become oxyphile and
eosinophile. Parallel with this transformation of the cells under the influence of the
amorphous substance, the TO, the organism acquires the condition of immunity. One
of the fundamental facts is that while the TC is not capable of reproduction, it yet
has the power of inducing the formation of the tubercle. The tubercle thus created
never undergoes caseation and never softens. It corresponds exactly to ' Laennec's
tuberculous granulation.' In certain conditions the TC may also induce gray or gela-
tiniform infiltration.' In conclusion, Behring recalled that four years elapsed after
his communication in regard to anti-diphtheria serum before the profession at large
accepted it. Its acceptance was hastened by Roux's cordial backing, and he hopes that
he may be fortunate enough to obtain such a friend for this new remedy, with as much
conquering force and the same disinterestedness above all suspicion.
A despatch from Saranac Lake to the New York Herald says:
It has been known here for some time that Professor Behring has been working
for several years on a consumption cure, and it is believed that his announcement
promised to the International Congress on Tuberculosis to-morrow, will be that the
' cure ' lies in feeding patients on the milk of immunized cows.
Dr. M. P. Eavenel, of Philadelphia, who visited Professor Behring a year ago
and was shown around his farm, is on a visit to this place. Dr. Ravenel is assistant
medical director of the Henry Phipps Institute for the Study and Prevention of
Tuberculosis, in Philadelphia, and a director in the National Association for the
Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis. He was appointed to represent the United
States at the International Congress, at which Professor Behring promises to make
known his discoveries, but was prevented from going abroad. He said to a reporter
for the Herald to-night : —
' I do not know positively what Professor Behring's discovery is, but I know
along what lines he was working when I visited him last year. Cattle were being
vaccinated by an injection into their veins of living tubercle bacilli attenuated by
long growth in an artificial culture medium. The idea was that immune bodies
pass into the milk of the immunized animals, and the milk from the immunized
cows was to be used for consumptive patients.'
Professor Maragliano had previously shown that without doiibt the milk of im-
munized cows does contain immune bodies. In fact Maragliano's method is being-
tested at the Henry Phipps Institute in Philadelphiap When I visited Professor
Behring I found him being assisted in his experiments by Dr. Eoemer. I was given
some of the millv from the vaccinated cattle and asked if I could detect any preserv-
ative in it. I thought that I could, but others said they could not. Professor Behring
was using a new preservative called sofon.'
Dr. Ravenel said he wished it distinctly understood that he did not know positively
what Professor Behring's cure consisted of, but merely knew along what lines he
had been working. Possibly he has made some unannounced discovery within a
short time. It is understood here unofficially that Professor Behring contemplated
forming a company that would;, as a business enterprise, erect a large sanitarium
where the patients would be treated with the milk from immunized cows. It is also
understood in some quarters that he expended considerable of the fortune he made
with his diphtheria serum in searching for a consumption cure.
He was not the discoverer of the diphtheria bacillus. The bacillus was discov-
ered by Dr. Klebsi, father of Dr. Arnold C. Klebs, of Chicago, and Dr. Loeffler, but
Professor Behring discovered the cure.
Physicians here are not ready to admit that his cure for tuberculosis will prove
PUBLIC HEALTH 21
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
a cure in reality. So many remedies have been announced as sure cures and later
on have been proven as useless that the physicians here are sceptical. On the ques-
tion of his right to retain the profits of his discovery there is some division of senti-
ment. In Germany such a proceeding is thought to be proper, but there is a different
feeling here. However, those physicians who think he used the fortune made with
his diphtheria .serum to find a cure for tuberculosis are mclined to deal leniently
■with him.'
London medical weeklies do not take kindly to the pronouncement made by Dr.
Behring at the recent Tubercixlosis Congress in Paris in reference to the discovery of
a cure for consumption.
An article in the British Medical Journal just out, declares: 'It may be pointed
out that as far as the material which Dr. Behring has laid before us is concerned,
there is no reasonable justification to anticipate any important progress in the treat-
ment of tuberculosis. Dr. Behring failed to convince the majority of scientists in
Europe that he had done a great work when he delivered his address in Cassel, and it
is not too much to say that if it were not for his name having become great in con-
nection wath the diphtheria antitoxin, this work would not have aroused much notice.'
' It has not been accepted, and therefore one fails to see how this new research
which is to a certain extent built up on immunizing experiments, can be ever pro-
visionally accepted. Going a little further into the inquiry, w'e are given to amder-
stand that active immunization, which he believed he had previously produced, could
be substituted by a passive immunization, and by means of these anti-bodies a cura-
tive process could be achieved. This of course, applies to laboratory animals, such as
guinea pigs and rabbits, so that even if Dr. Behring can show later, and others can
confirm his work, that true passive immunity can be produced! on these animals, it
does not by any means follow that the same applies to man.'
The Lancet says: 'Dr. Behring is a pathologist of world-wide reputation, with a
splendid record of past achievements, and we may hope that his confidence in his own
work will again be justified. Isone the less, we cannot but deprecate the great publi-
city which has been given to the investigation which at the present time is very far
from complete.
' It appears to us that such congresses as that at which the announcement has
been made have a desigiiedly public character. Their role is to give opportunities
for bringing forward a finished work in relation to the treatment and prevention of
tuberculosis, among other diseases, and to educate public opinion in regard to these
matters.
' Such assemblies are certainly not intended for the presentation of an incomplete
work or the utterance of heterodox views as to the pathology of the disease.
' To bring forward such an investigation and to allow it to be published in lay
journals, with all its complex technicalities, is to invite misrepresentation, and Dr.
Behring has only himself to thank if he is made to say things which he never in-
tended.
' Another painful aspect of the publicity which has been given to his statement is
that it is calculated to raise hopes which, even at best, can only be realized in the
distant future.'
At the last session of the Dominion Parliament a resolution was moved in both
hovises to the effect: That in the opinion of this House the time has arrived when
parliament should take some active steps to lessen the widespread suffering and the
great mortality among the people of Canada, caused by the various forms of tuber-
culosis.
As a result a joint committee of both houses was formed which presented the fol-
lowing report : —
The Joint Committee of the Senate and House of Commons appointed for the
purpose of considering what further steps should be taken and what suggestions can
22 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
be made in the direction of the suppression of tuberculosis in Canada, with power to
send for persons, papei-s, and records and to report, have the honour to report as fol-
lows : —
1. The Canadian Association for the Prevention of Consumption and other forms
of tuljerculosis, and various organizations of the same character in Canada, and
prominent medical men were invited to make such suggestions as they might deem
advisable on the question which was the subject of reference to this committee, and
valuable suggestions and a large amount of information have been received, and
have been made Tise of by your committee.
2. Until quite recently tuberculosis w^as regarded as generally hereditary and in-
curable, but modern discoveries have established that it is a communicable disease,
and to a large extent curable as well as preventable.
3. There is in Canada a permanent corps of consumptive invalids, numbering at
least forty thousand persons, of Avhom eight thousand die annually. In the provinces
of Ontario and Quebec it is an ascertained fact that the deaths from tuberculosis
alone are more than twenty-five per cent greater than from diphtheria, scarlet fever,
typhoid fever, measles and whooping cough combined. Apart from the humani-
tarian considerations involved in the question, the financial loss alone entailed upon
Canada by such an annual mortality is enormous, estimated by competent authori-
ties at over $8,000,000 a year, which makes it imperative for the state to adopt the best
possible measures of prevention and cure.
4. The problem of tuberculosis involves a social movement which does not affect
one province, but all provinces; one district, but all districts; one class, but all classes
in the community, in country as well as in town. It is a movement of so wide a
character that, for it to have adequate practical results, the co-operation of the central
government is absolutely essential.
5. The principle involving the interference of the Dominion government for the
suppression of diseases of this kind was recognized immediately after confederation,
and is embodied in the statutes of 1868, 31 Victoria, chapter 63, from which the fol-
lowing is extracted :
(7) Whenever Canada, or any part thereof, appears to be threatened with any
epidemic, endemic, contagious or infectious disease, the Governor may, by proclama-
tion, make such regulations as he thinks proper and necessary to prevent the introduc-
tion of such disease from beyond the limits, or to prevent its spread within the limits
of Canada, and otherwise protect the public health, and he may, from time to time,
revoke or amend the same, or make others in their stead in like manner, or may
impose penalties, forfeitures and punishments for the breach thereof, and such regula-
tions shall be published at least twice in the Canada Gazette, and the production of
copies of the Gazette containing such proclamation, shall be evidence of the making,
date and contents of such regulations.
(9) By such regulations the Governor in Council may appoint for any specified
time, one or several ' Central Boards of Health ' and may name the members thereof,
and also such medical and other officers and servants as he may deem necessary to
assist such boards, and the powers and duties of the said boards shall be such as are
affixed to them by such regulations, and may be exercised by any number of the mem-
bers thereof mentioned in the said regulations as constituting the quorum thereof;
and the powers and duties of such boards shall cease on the revocation or at the time
of the expiration of the regulations aforesaid.
(10) When( and so long as such regulations are in force, it shall be the duty of
every municipal corporation or county sessions within Canada to organize a local board
of health for the limits of their respective jurisdictions, and such local boards or any
three members thereof, shall have power to act under the regulations aforesaid, and
the direction of any central board of health, designated in such regulations, and the
duties of such local boards of health shall be to enforce generally all sanitary measures
required, and to carry out the regulations of the Governor in Council, and such orders
PUBLIC HEALTH 23
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
as may be issued by the central boards in pursuance of the provisions of such regu-
lations.
(11) In the case of municipal corporations or county sessions neglecting or
refusing to appoint a local board of health as aforesaid, or in the absence of any such,
authority in any locality, the Governor in Council may nominate persons within the
limits of such municipal corporation, county or locality, to constitute such, local
boards of health.
6. The problem of preventing and curing the disease is exceedingly complex and
necessarily entails a very large expenditure. The work may be taken hold of by the
Dominion government or by the provincial and municipal authorities with the aid of
the Dominion government.
7. In the opinion of your committee the federal government should be prepared
to contribute yearly to each province a considerable share of the annual cost of dis-
pensaries, inspection, the erection and maintenance of sanatoria and whatever other
agencies may be found necessary to secure the desired end; the province, municipali-
ties, individuals and benevolent associations contributing the balance; the federal
government to prescribe the condition upon which the several institutions shall be
entitled to their share of the subsidy, and also to have the right of inspection of each
institution and of its books at any time, and also power to withhold its contribution in
respect of any institution not fulfilling its requirements.
8. Your committee further sviggest that unless the Dominion government feels
prepared to take hold of the matter itself, a conference should be held at as early a
date as possible between the federal and provincial authorities, for the purpose of
determining the best action which should be taken in the premises.
9. Your committee suggest that the recommendations embodied in the present
report be presented to the government by a joint delegation of both houses; and that
their attention be again called to the resolutions passed unanimously by the Senate
and by the House of Commons respectively, of which copies are hereunto annexed.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
Much educational work has been done throughout the year in connection with
tuberculosis. Sanatoria have done their part, but many many more have been reached
and benefited by dispensaries and by day-camps. The day-camp is very largely used
in Germany and also in other countries. I visited one at Boston, Mass., with great
interest. A small administration building, tents for dining, &c., and a number of easy
deck chairs or couches on a sunny knoll with shade trees nearby, made4ip practically
the whole necessary outfit. Here tuberculosis patients were brought in the morning,
were kept in the open air all day, well fed at appropriate intervals, taught the use of
the paper handkerchief or spit cup, and quietly instructed in rudimentary hygiene
as applied to their case by the attending trained nurse and visiting physicians, so as
for one thing to thus minimize the objections to their unavoidable return to their
homes for the night. In this way between 30 and 40 were being daily benefited at an
expense, I was told, not greater than that of the average cost of one bed in a sana-
torium.
Anti-typhoid inoculation. — The German commission appointed to consider the
use of anti-typhoid inoculation in the army, have presented an important report.
They agree with the conclusion come to by British committees of inquiry, that it is
impossible to doubt that inoculation can confer a certain measure of protection, but
that it is urgently desirable to seek further information based so far as possible upon
absolutely trustworthy data, with regard to the degree and duration of the protection
conferred.
Japan s best victory. — Japan's work in war sanitation has been unprecedented.
Before the Association of Military Surgeons, held at Detroit on the 28th of last
month, Major Seaman delivered an address in part as follows : —
24 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
' The success of Japan in the recent conflict with Eussia was due preeminently to
three fundamental causes: First, thorough preparation and organization for war;
second, to the simple, non-irritating and easily digested ration of the Japanese troops,
and third, to the brilliant part played by the members of the medical profession in
the application of practical sanitation, the stamping out of preventable diseases in
the army — thereby saving its units for the smashing of the enemy in the field. It
must never be forgotten that in every great campaign an army faces two enemies :
First, the armed forces of the opposing foe; second, the far greater silent foe, disease.
Of these enemies, the history of warfare for centuries has proved that the first kills
twenty per cent of the total mortality in the conflict, whilst disease kills eighty per
cent.' Major Seaman cited tables of statistics of battle records for two hundred years,
showing that there has rarely been a war in which at least four men have not perished
of disease, for one from bullets. He continued : ' But the crowning piece of imbecility
was reserved for our late war with Spain, where more than ten were needlessly sacri-
ficed to ignorance and incompetence for every one who died on the firing line or from
bullets. This, too, in the short campaign of six weeks.'
' All of these statistics were studied with the minutest care and detail by the
Japanese. Their authorities recognized that, in order to be victorious over a foe like
Eussia, this great silent enemy that slaughters 80 out of every 100 that fall, must be
overcome. And the medical men of the army did it.' The speaker then showed the
actual figures of the killed, wounded and sick in the Japanese army, from Febru-
ary, 1904, to the end of April 1905, which averaged nearly five deaths from bullets
for one of disease, or 900 per cent better than the average in history. Major Seaman
said: 'This record is unparalled and unapproached, and the medical men of the army
achieved it.'
This marvellous result was attained. Major Seaman said by the work of ten
years, beginning immediately after the war with China, when Japanese statesmen
Idealized Japan would again have to go to war to preserve her independence as a
nation. The great amount of illness likely to appear in the army was taken into con-
sideration and the steps for elimination were taken.
Every hospital throughout Japan, and every base and field hospital in Manchuria
•has its bacteriological laboratory.
'' Too much cannot be said in enthusiastic commendation of this side of the ser-
vice. No man suffers from temperature but whose blood goes under the microscope.
Malaria, is malaria, and typhoid is typhoid in the Japanese army. Diseases are but
guessed at, as they were in Cuba, the Philippines and South Africa, where often for a
full week the physicians attempted to diagnose cases by sleight of hand and trick of
eye. The limits of this paper do not admit of more than the merest reference to the
splendid system of sanitation followed in the field. SiifRce to say that during the
campaign extending over a year and a half, with from 300,000 to 600,000 soldiers
undergoing the severest hardships and privations of active service, there are in the
Japanese army thirty-six men out of every one hundred who have never reported at
sick call; thirty-six men who never saw the inside of a hospital or were sick in
quarters, a record absolutely unparalleled. The war has taught many lessons and
destroyed many ideals in matters military, as in matters surgical. In surgical tech-
nique the Japanese have taught the foreigner comparatively little, but in the field of
sanitary science and dietetics they have demonstrated, what has never been done be-
fore, that " preventable " diseases are actually preventable. They have preserved their
armies for the legitimate purposes for which armies are enlisted; the killing and con-
quering of the enemy in the field, instead of having four-fifths of its mortality victims
to the silent foe.
It is against this dreadful scourge, this needless sacrifice, that the Japanese have
made their hardest fight and won their most signal victories — victories that will
redound more to their credit than even the expulsion of the Muscovite aggressor.
PUBLIC HEALTH 25
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
' A despatch received in London on September 21 from the Tokio correspondent
of the London Standard, giving the statistics of the war to that date, reports :
"Killed, 46,180; died of wounds, 10,970; died from sickness, 15,300." This percentage
of death by sickness was barely one-fourth of the total dead, which is a record not
paralleled in the annals of war.
Surgeon-General Suzuki, of the Japanese Xavy, on the same occasion told of
two customs that were introduced into the Japanese navy during the recent war, which
were of extreme interest and likely to be far-reaching in their influence, because they
are simple and, as a rule, possible. It is no wonder that a distinguished medical
authority in the United States navy is reported to have said in comment that the
Japanese surgeon-general had made perhaps the most valuable contribution of modern
times to naval surgery. The suggestions that were carried into effect under his direc-
tions, however, are so obvious that it is rather difficult to understand how they did not
occur to martial surgeons before this. Although the suddenness of the attack would
often prevent their use in land engagements, naval combatants usually have sufficient
warning of a battle to allow at least a brief preparation. Dr. Suzuki considers that
much of the Japanese success in the treatment of wounds must be ascribed to the order
issued before each engagement, that each member of the crew should take a bath and
put on perfectly clean underclothing.
His idea is that gunshot wounds are likely to be contaminated, by portions of
clothing carried into the wounds. The bullet itself may be considered perfectly sterile
because of the high temperature to which it has been exposed, and which has con-
tinued during its course through the air, thus making it practically impossible for it
to collect any virulent germs from the atmosphere. If then the clothing be reasonably
sterile, the hope of a sterile wound resulting is greatly increased. As a matter of fact,
very few of the sailors and marines wounded during the Japanese naval battles and
sieges suffered from septic complications. Yery severe wounds, even those which
penetrated joints, healed as kindly, as a rule, as those which might be made by the
surgeon's knife, under careful asepsis in an operating room.
This, however, is not the only improvement worthy of note in the medical care
of their sailors and marines that the Japanese surgeon-general has introduced. The
vision of the men who fire the guns of the warship must necessarily be of the very
best if their shots are to count. Before every engagement the surgeons examined the
eyes of the gunners. Any of them found with slight impairment of vision were
treated, and if the impairment was too grave to yield to immediate treatment they
■wiere transferred to another station and their places filled by men whose eyes were
perfect. And, too, during engagements, every battery crew was supplied with water
in which a one per cent solution of boraeic acid had been mixed to wash out their eyes
when they become affected by powder smoke or dust.
Formaldehyde disinfection. — Dr. A. G. Young, secretary of the State Board of
Health of Maine, having noticed that, by mixing potassium permanganate and forma-
lin, formaldehyde gas was liberated, requested Dr. H. D. Evans, the chemist of the
board to ascertain if that chemical reaction could be turned to practical account for
disinfection purposes.
After a long series of experiments Dr. Evans has suggested the following method,
which is very simple : It consists in placing finely powdered permanganate in a large
earthen jar or basin and then in pouring formalin over it, the operator escaping from
the room as quickly as he can. Six and a half ounces of permanganate of potash are to
be used for every pint of formalin employed. A violent reaction immediately follows
tlhe poring of the formalin, and formaldehyde gas is liberated in great quantities.
After five minutes, over 81 per cent of the gas is liberated and spread all over the room
with great force. This first reaction having taken place, sufficient gas is liberated
'luring the following hours to comi^ensate the leakage from the rooms. After three
hours, the microbicide action of thi3 disinfectant is as much done as after 16 hours.
26 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
The advantages of this method are obvious. As the author says : ' The chemical
reaction furnishes all the heat necessary to vaporize the formalin, doing away with all
need of fire. The ordinary house can furnish all material necessary for a generator,
while the re-agents can be cheaply purchased at any drug store. The method of opera-
tion is so simple that any one can attend to it who can tell the difference between a
solid and a liquid, requiring only the the pouring of the measured amount of formalin
upon the corresponding quantity of permanganate. Absolutely no care is required
after mixing the re-agents, the reaction starting and dying out of itself.' The bacteri-
ological results of the Young and Evans method were tested on a large scale by Dr.
Eussell, the bacteriologist of the board. In a number of rooms, the capacity of which
varied from 525 to 1850 cubic feet, and under various climateric conditions, from
January to May, 1904, 1529 cultures of microbes were exposed to disinfection, and all
remained sterile but 27.
Wireless telegraphy. — Owing to the very frequent interruptions of the telegraph
communication with the St. Lawrence quarantine it is proposed to install the Marconi
wireless system in connection with this station. An item was voted for it by parlia-
ment at its last session. Almost every year the heavy running ice has crushed or
broken the cable. This has meant late telegraphic communication each summer, and
serious interference with the requirements of the incoming vessels in the spring, and
of the service generally. The wireless system will, of course, obviate all this.
Congresses and meetings. — The Canadian Medical Association held, its annual
meeting at Halifax, N'.S., in August last. Amongst other important matters a reso-
lution was passed again urging the creation of a Dominion Department of Public
Health under one of the existing ministers. This resolution I have quoted in an
earlier part of this report.
The American Public Health Association has held two meetings since my last
report, one in Havana, Cuba, in January last, and one in Boston, Mass., last month.
Many interesting and valuable papers were presented and discussed. The next meet-
ing is to be held in the city of Mexico.
Inspection duty. — On May 26 I left to inspect the Grosse Isle quarantine station.
There were during my visit there nearly 300 second cabin passengers of the ss.
Kensington in quarantine of observation for small-pox. On July 13, I had the honour
by command, of accompanying His Excellency the Governor-General in his visit to
the Grosse Isle station. Leaving Ottawa on August 3, I inspected the frontier inspec-
tion work at Owen Sound, Sault Ste. Marie, Bruce Mines, Thessalon and Fort
Frances. On August 20 I left for Halifax, attended the meeting of the Canadian
Medical Association in that city, and inspected at Halifax, Sydney, Louisbourg and
Pictou, N.S., Charlottetown, P.E.I. St. John, Chatham, and the leper lazaretto at
Tracadie, N.B. I attended as the representative of the Dominion the annual meeting
of the American Public Health Association held in Boston, Mass, September 25-29.
On the 10th of this month I left for the Pacific coast, inspected en route the frontier
inspection work at North Portal, Sask., and subsequently at Vancouver, Victoria and
William Head, B.C.
The quarantine stations, &c., Grosse Isle, Que. — At this station and at its substa-
tion of Eimouski, 380 vessels have been inspected during the quarantine year, 351
at Grosse Isle, and 29 at Eimouski ; 98,141 persons were inspected.
Twenty-five vessels arrived with infectious disease.
The admissions to the hospital were 351. They included cases of small-pox,
scarlet fever, measles, diphtheria, chicken pox and enteric fever.
The deaths in hospital were 4.
The much needed second steamer is now under construction.
PUBLIC HEALTH 27
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
The most pressing requirements of the station are the carrying out of the wharf
into deep water, and the erection of an administration building at the western end,
with in addition a few beds for non-infectious eases.
The question of the replacing of the old wooden detention sheds, which date from
1832 and 1848, by modern brick buildings, is becoming more and more deserving of
your consideration, as each year passes by.
Halifax, N.S. — Vessels inspected, 255; persons inspected, 44,458.
Nine vessels arrived with infectious disease.
Four deaths occurred at the station of Lawlor's Island, two from marasmus and
one from broncho-pneumonia after measles; and one from enteric fever.
An amount was voted at the last session for the erection of a winter hospital at
this station.
A new steamer to replace the worn out Argus, and the electric lighting of the
station are the two most urgent needs of this service.
St. John, N.B. — Vessels inspected, 179; persons inspected, 22,024.
Seven vessels arrived with infectious disease.
The admissions to hospital were 13. The diseases were scarlet fever, chicken
pox, diphtheria and measles.
One death occurred from scarlet fever.
At the request of the Board of Health of St. John, Dr. March disinfected the out-
ward going schooner Winnie Lawry from St. Martins, an outport of St. John, for
New York. A seamen came by rail and joined the schooner at St. Martins, and then
developed small-pox after they had cleared from there. There was no spread of the
disease.
The two new detention buildings and the winter hospital are approaching com-
pletion.
The completion of the water supply is the most urgently pressing want at this
station. A deep water wharf is greatly required, and larger disinfecting appliances.
Sydney, C.B. — Vessels inspected, 77. No quarantinable disease presented itself.
The extension to the wharf is nearing completion.
Artesian boring has been suggested to augment and improve the water supply at
this station.
Louisbourg, C.B. — Vessels inspected, 22. No quarantinable disease occurred.
The requirements are as last year approximately the provision of similar accom-
modation to that at Sydney.
Chatham, N.B. — Vessels inspected, 64; no cases of quarantinable disease.
Charlottetown, P.E.I. — Vessels inspected, 9. No quarantinable disease occurred.
The greater part of the roadway to the station has now been sufficiently widenfid.
William Head, B.C. — Vessels inspected, 176. The number of Asiatic steerage
passengers has fallen very much. The increased tax has checked Chinese immigra-
tion, and the war has limited that from Japan. There were 2,836 Ohiaesa steerage
passengers inspected and 5,378 Chinese members of crews; 2,484 Japanese steerage
passengers, and in crews, 1,278. Other Asiatics, 221.
Five cases of measles and one of epidemic dysentery were admitted to hospital.
Various improvements and additions were made at this station this year. New
bath rooms for first class passengers, houses for the electrician and for the guards^
A site for the guard house and a right of way outside the boundary fence were
acquired. This allows for the guards watching and patrolling outside the quarantine
boundary at the neck of the promontary on which the station is placed.
28 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906
Hence an unsuitable guard can be at once got rid of, as could not be done hereto-
fore when the guards were in contact with suspects under quarantine of observation.
And with the patrol outside the fence there is not the same opportunity to elude the
guards or attempt bribery. Kepairs were effected to the wharf. A new steamer is
being built for this station. The present small steamer, the Eai-l, will be useful as a
reserve and second steamer. By fitting her up with modern disinfecting appliances,
the disinfection of vessels at the wharf could be carried ovit without the present
encroaching upon the floor space of the wharf, and the Earl would moreover be avail-
able for disinfecting vessels in the offing, and sailing vessels in the Royal Roads.
The storage battery has been increased in its voltage; this battery is connected
with the houses and with the range lights. By its use fuel is- saved, and: the running
plant can be shut down earlier in the evenings, and save its starting up again in the
winter mornings.
A new sulphur dioxide appliance and a second new steam disinfecting cylinder
are most pressing requirements at this station.
Victoria, B.C. — Foreign coasting vessels touching at Victoria, 974. Required
inspection, 2. No quarantinable disease occurred.
Vancouver, B.C. — One vessel inspected. There were no cases of infectious
disease.
Temporary frontier and coa^t inspection. — In addition to these regular stations,
you have this year given the country the additional protection of extra inspecting
officers at the following points where, from time to time, peculiar threatenings of
disease, or the reported lack of effective health organizations to the south of them,
seemed to make the importation of small-pox most to be feared : in Nova Scotia, Canso ;
in Ontario, Owen Sound, Sault Ste. Marie, Bruce Mines, Thessalon and Fort Frances;
in Saskatchewan, North Portal; in British Columbia, Gateway.
The North-west Territories. — Thirty-two cases of small-pox occurred during the
year: 3 at Moosejaw, 1 east of Cardston, 1 at Medicine Hat, 24 at Didsbury, 1 at Wet-
askawin and 2 at Olds.
All of these were newly arrived immigrants from the United States, except one a
resident of Manitoba, who had been away on a visit.
Except for one case which occurred in Septeml>er, and came under the super-
vision of the new province of Saskatchewan, the territories have been free from small-
pox for the last five months.
Yukon Territory. — There have not been any cases of the major infectious diseases
during the year.
Leper lazaretto, Tracadie, N.B. — There are now at this institution seventeen
p^ftients on the books, ten males and seven females. Those actually in the lazaretto
are fifteen, eight males and seven females. In addition to the man mentioned in my
last annual report as out on leave of absence, I was enabled at my last visit of inspec-
ton to authorize the release of another man for the time being, at any rate who is
apparently cured of the disease.
As referred to above under the heading of leprosy the use of chaulmoogra oil
continues to give encouraging results.
There were no deaths during the year.
Two new patients, both from neighbouring districts, were admitted.
Public Worhs Health Act. — Your inspector reports that at all the many camps in
the various public works throughout the Dominion, he has found the medical super-
vision, the hospital accommodation given, the medicines provided, and the sleeping
PUBLIC HEALTH 29
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
quarters for the men when housed, together or in tents, to be equal to— if not indeed
an improvement upon — the very good conditions reported for the last two years.
I have the honour to be, sir
Your obedient servant,
F. MONTIZAMBERT, I.S.O., M.D.Ed., F.R.C.S.E., D.C.L.,
Director-General of Puhlic Health.
The Honourable
The Minister of Agriciilture,
Ottawa.
No. 2.
(G. E. Martineau, M.D.)
Grosse Isle, Quebec, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit this my annual report of the St. Lawrence
Quarantine Service to October 31, 1905.
There were 359 vessels examined at this station during the year, being an increase
of seven as compared with last year. The number of sailing vessels is decreasing each
year. This year there were only twelve.
The total number of persons inspected was 98,141, being an increase of 28,030 as
compared with last year.
They were divided among the different classes of passengers, as follows : —
First cabin 3,708
Second cabin 16,068
Steerage 49,811
Cattlemen 1,955
Crews 26,129
Stowaways 470
The number of stowaways while not quite as large as last year, still continues
very great, and this year they included a number of foreigners who, with those from
Great Britain, were very degenerate specimens of manhood, and the majority would
have been deported had they been compelled to pass the inspection of the Immigration
Department.
Infectious disease was reported or discovered on the following vessels at different
times, named in the order of their first arrival at this station with sickness on board :
ss. Mont ford, Manxman, Tunisian, Ionian, Dominion, Torr Head, Montreal, Victorian,
LaJce Champlain, Sarmatian, Bavarian, Kensington, Lake Erie, Canada, Lake Michi-
gan, Sardinian, Ottaica, Mongolian, Virginian, Buenos Ayres, Southvmrk, Lakonia,
Mount Temple, Montezuma and Athenia.
The diseases so reported or discovered were: smallpox, scarlet fever, measles, diph-
theria, chiekenpox and typhoid fever.
30 DEPARTMENT *0F AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Small-pox. — SS. Kensington, Captain Marie, sailed from Liverpool May 4 with 294
second cabin and 806 steerage passengers, 1 cattleman, 1 stowaway and 179 screw,
arrived at the station at 5 p.m.. May 15, with one case of small-pox among the second
cabin passengers.
That case was immediately removed to the small-pox hospital at quarantine.
All the second cabin passengers and 41 members of the crew that were considered
as having been exposed to the disease, were landed for quarantine and observation.
Everybody on board having been vaccinated, and that part of the steamer occu-
pied by the patient and the second cabin passengers having been thoroughly disin-
fected, the vessel was released and proceeded with the rest of the passengers and crew
on May 18.
No other cases of small-pox having developed among those detained under observa-
tion, they were released and left the station on June 1.
The patient having fully recovered was discharged from the small-pox hospital at
quarantine on June 13.
On one occasion only a passenger refused to submit to vaccination, although on
numerous other occasions parties, who had refused vaccination by the ship's surgeon,
allowed your quarantine officer to do it. Their objection was always the same, ' The
manner and methods employed on board.'
The party who refused vaccination arrived here on the ss. Kensington, June 18.
He was landed for the usual period of observation.
This year has been a very busy one at this station, especially at the hospital where
there were 351 persons admitted.
There are actually 20 persons remaining at the hospital.
The number of deaths were four, two from scarlet fever, and two from broncho-
pneumonia complication of measles.
Quarantine staff. — Dr. E. Belisle continued during the season the inspection of
the weekly mail steamers at the Eimouski sub-station.
Improvements and requirements. — The works for the erection of the building which
is to be used as quarters by the employees will be completed very soon, and I beg to
hope that it will be ready to be occupied at the reopening of the station next spring.
Although certain amounts have been voted the last session for the wharfs and for
the laundrying disinfecting apparatus at this station, these works have not been com-
pnenced yet, but I have reason to believe that they will be carried out early next
spring.
I have to note with pleasure the fact that the contract to build a suitable steamer
for this station has been awarded, and I beg to hope that she will be ready for the re-
opening of navigation next season.
The chief requirement now is a new building to be erected at the upper division,
so as to have an office surgery, a place where to vaccinate passengers, and some rooms
where to put passengers suffering from other diseases than contagious ones.
There are still some repairs, &c., absolutely necessary and in the interest of quar-
antine, the list of which is in the hands of our department.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
G. E. MARTINEAF, M.D.,
Medical Superintendent, St. Lawrence Quarantine Service.
The Honourable
The Minister of Agriculture.
PUBLIC HEALTH 31
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
No. 3.
(N. E. Mackai- M.D., M.RC.S.)
Halifax, X.S., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year erided October
31, 1905.
The quarantine work of this station was uneventful during the year just closed,
none of the graver forms of quarantinable disease entered our port and we had only
a few cases of the minor diseases to deal with.
Minor diseases were found or occurred on board the following ships : —
SS. Canada, December 2, 1904, child convalescent from measles, March 11, 1905,
3 cases of measles, sent family of seven to Infectious Disease Hospital, city.
SS. Corinthian, December 11, 1904, child sick with measles ; sent to Infectious
Disease Hospital, city.
SS. Vancouver, April 2, 3 cases of measles; sent to station.
SS. Kensington, April 10, child convelescent from measles.
SS. Virginian, April 14, 1 convalescent from measles; 1 convalescent from scarlet
fever; wired Dr. March, St. John.
SS. Carthaginian, April 24, 1 case of measles. This case was not reported by
either the captain or surgeon of, the ship. Sent patient to the station where he died
from broncho-pneumonia.
SS. PaUanga, April 29, 1 case of measles; June 20, 3 cases detained and sent to
quarantine, supposed to be suffering from measles.
SS. Laurentian, May 6, 1 case of measles sent to the station for treatment.
Brigantine Boston Marine, September 26, 1 case of typhoid fever, sent to Infec-
tious Disease Hospital where he died in three days. The patient was in a moribund
state when the vessel arrived in port.
In every instance the hospitals and rooms occupied by the sick were disinfected
with formalin.
The number of vessels inspected at this station during the year was 255. 22 more
than in the preceding year.
The total number of persons examined was 44,458, being 2,257 less than in the
past year. They were classified as follows : Cabin, 1,507 ; intermediate, 7,945 ; steerage,
25,284 ; crew, 9,348 ; cattlemen, 374.
There were 4 deaths at the station, viz. : 1 from broncho-pneumonia, secondary
to measles, 1 from typhoid fever and two from marasmus. The latter were two of the
three cases detained, supposed to be suffering from measles.
Masters of vessels reported six deaths on the voyages, form diseases other than
quarantinable as follows : ss. Tunisian, 1 from apoplexy; ss. Ionian: 1 from cerebral
hemorrhage; ss. Sarmation, 2 washed overboard; ss. Pallanga, 1 from fractured skull;
ss. TJlunda, 1 washed overboard.
Twenty-six stowaways were reported by masters of incoming vessels, and three
births.
Inspections are made as promptly as possible, but if we were provided with an in-
specting station ashore, having telephonic comunication with Camperdown the service
could be much better attended to and it would be more satisfactory to all concerned.
The citadel signalling station cannot always be depended upon to report incoming ves-
sels promptly.
32 - DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
We are trying- to get rid of night work as much as possible, and with the aid of
shipowners and agents we have been fairly successful.
This is the only port, I understand, on the Atlantic coast, at which night inspec-
tions are made to any extent in mid- winter. Night work in mid-winter — and we have
to do the most of it in mid-winter 'because of the mail boats — is not by any means a
pleasant job. "We have sometimes to board ships in the stream at night when the
vapour on the water is so dense from frost, that we cannot see fifty feet ahead of us.
With such conditions existing we find it difficult to locate ships and dangerous to ap-
proach them and board them. In our sister city, St. John, I believe night work is not
done. However, notwithstanding all this there would not be so much cause for com-
plaint if our officers were given decent salaries for their services.
We need an inspecting station ashore badly and there is no better place for it in
the city than the hmiber yard, and now that the government is about taking over this
garrison the department could do no better than to secure this place for an inspecting
station. This place commands a good view of the entrance of the harbour east and
west, and with a small outlay it could be made an ideal dock for our boat in all sorts
of weather. As it is now we are tossed about from wharf to wharf with no place
wherein to rest.
Our boat is not fit for the work of this station. She is old and out of date. Her
boiler is always leaking and needing repairs or her engines are needing fixing. Those
entrusted with her repairs either do not know how to do good work or do not want to
make a good job for us. She is a bill of expense to us. We need a new and up-to-date
boat provided wdth disinfecting apparatus^ and for winter night-work she should have
decent sleeping quarters for our men, and the crew should live and feed on board. As
it is they have no fit place in our ship whei'ein to lay their heads at night.
For three months of the year we could not send patients to the station because of
ice in the eastern passage. This fact alone proves that Lawlor's island is not a suit-
able place for a quarantine station, and that it should never have been chosen for such
a purpose. The very time we need it most it is inaccessable. For the same reason it
is not fit to be used for an inspecting station, and even although we were sure that the
channel would always be clear of ioe, there are other drawbacks to it being used in
this connection. Distance and location are against it. Fog and thick weiather, and a
narrow channel in dark nights are barriers which cannot easily be overcome. The im-
perfect signalling of incoming veseLs is another, though minor factor to be considered
in this matter. Indeed no one familiar with the whole situation would for an instant
entertain the idea of making Lawlor's island an inspecting station. With an eye into
the future the question that should receive earnest attention is whether to continue
it, even as a quarantine station.
The concrete tank is leaking through cracks in its walls. The leakage should be
stopped. The water system, other than the tank, is in good working order. The build-
ings are in fairly good condition and well suited for summer work, but they are not
well adapted for our severe winter weather. The bulk of our work is in winter.
We appreciate the action of parliament in voting money for an up-to-date hospital
and for ap electric lighting plant. We need both badly. The want of a good hospital
and matron and keeper is a great drawback to the efficient care of the sick.
Custom house officers should not be allowed to leave vessels subject to quarantine
inspection till they are granted free pratique. If this privilege is to be given to them
I see no reason why it should not be extended to every citizen of Halifax. These
officers can bring disease ashore as well as any other persons. Citizens often wonder
why these men should be permitted to treat quarantine regulations with indifference.
Sucli actions on the part of government officials, not having anything to do with
quai-antine, can only tend to bring the service into discredit. As might be expected
these officers not content with going on board themselves often bring their friends
PUBLIC HEALTH 33
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
with them. The customs service will not suffer anything, if the quarantine law is
enforced as it should be, against its officers.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
X. E. MACKAY, M.D., M.RC.S.,
Quarantine Officer.
The Honourable,
The Minister of Agriculture,
Ottawa.
No. 4.
(J. F. March, M.D.)
St. John, N.B., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ended October 31, 1905.
During this period one hundred and seventy-nine vessels and twenty-two thousand
and twenty-four persons were inspected at this station.
The latter are classified as follows : —
Cabin passengers 2,282
Steerage passengers 11,694
Cattlemen 659
Crew 7,247
Stowaways 142
22,024
Of these I vaccinated two hundred and three on arrival.
Twelve deaths occurred en route on vessels inspected by me. The causes of death
were in 4 cases pneumonia; in 2 cases marasmus; and in 6 cases diphtheria, septi-
caemia, acute meningitis, convulsions, inflammation of brain and nephritis one each.
Quarantinable diseases were found upon or reported by the steamships LaJce Michi-
gan (twice), Lahe Manitoha (twice), LaJce Erie, Mount Temple and Montrose.
Nine cases were removed to the quarantine hospital, and seventeen to quarantine
of observation.
Four cases were transferred from quarantine of observation to the hospital, bring-
ing the total admission to hospital up to thirteen.
The causes of admission to hospital were in one case scarlatina, in two cases
chicken-pox, in two cases pneumonia, in two cases diphtheria, and in six cases measles.
Twelve of the thirteen cases recovered .and were discharged. The case of scar-
latina developed septic meningitis and died. The body was buried at the station.
None of the graver quarantinable diseases came under my observation during the
year.
1.5—3
34
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
At the request of the Board of Health of St. John and with your permission, I dis-
infected the schooner Winnie Lawry, on which a case of small-pox had been discov-
ered while this vessel was in Saint Martins, an outport of St. John. The patient, who
was removed to the St. John epidemic hospital, had come by rail from one of the
northern counties of this province, and had developed small-pox soon after joining his
vessel. The vessel having cleared before the character of the disease was known, sailed
for New York without having been disinfected, and came into this port, without report-
ing, for the purpose of securing a cook. Having no authority over her, I immediately
reported her presence to the St. John Board of Health. This body promptly quaran-
tined her and while in their custody I disinfected her. There was no spread of the dis-
ease.
While on the subject of small-pox, I desire to direct your attention to the unsatis-
factory method employed in regard to vaccination by transatlantic steamship com-
panies carrying steerage passengers. Our regulations practically require that all
steerage passengers shall be immune to small-pox. A successful vaccination means
immunity. In spite of this it is the custom of the steamship companies and their re-
sponsible officers to put off the necessary vaccination of their steerage passengers until
within one or two days of their arrival here. Then it is rushed through and cards are
given to all showing that they are " vaccinated ' or ' protected.' It is impossible for
a quarantine officer to determine whether a one or two days' old vaccination is, or may
become, a sufficient protection against small-pox, and hence this practice of postponing
the vaccination of steerage passengers until the last moment before arrival, is repre-
hensible and moreover is in effect a flagrant violation of the purpose and intention of
our Canadian quarantine regulations. I am assured that you will support your officer
in a refusal to accept certificates so improperly issued.
On November 14 last the new hospital building then in course of erection was
blown from its foundations and completely wrecked. Rebuilding was begun in March,
and is now complete with the exception of the installation of the heating apparatus.
The boilers are here, but tenders have not yet been called for for their erection.
The two new detention buildings are practically finished and can be used during
the coming winter if it becomes necessary.
The outlook is that we shall have the busiest winter season in the history of the
port, and I much regret that the work of connecting the station with the city water
service has not been pushed on to completion. There is now no prospect that the water
can be turned on at the station this year.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
J. E. MARCH, M.D.,
Quarantine Oificer,
The Honourable
The Minister of Agriculture.
PUBLIC HEALTH 35
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
No. 5.
(Horace Rindress, M.D.)
North Sydney, October 31, 1905,
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ended October 31, 1905.
The total number of vessels inspected for the year just ended is 77. I am pleased
to say that no quarantinable disease was brought to this port during the year. The
caretaker's residence and the hospital buildings have been repaired and painted, and
are now in very good condition. The hospital grounds have been surrounded by a wire
fence. The new wharf, which is nearing completion, will afford very satisfactory
accommodation. The water is not good, nor is the supply sufficient for all purposes. I
would respectfully suggest the sinking of an artesian well.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
HORACE RINDRESS, KD.,
Quarantine Officer.
The Honourable
The Minister of Agriculture,
Ottawa,
No. 6.
(F, O'Neill, M,D.)
LouiSBURG, C.B., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report for this quarantine
station for the year ended October 31, 1905.
The total number of vessels examined for the year, 22, with 539 men; this is an
increase of 5 over last year.
I am pleased to report that no quarantinable disease was brought to this port for
the past year.
I would beg to leave to suggest that some provision be made for the purchase of
suitable grounds for a station and the erection of a hospital thereon in the near future.
Lack of accommodation would greatly handicap work at this station should any con-
tagious or infectious disease arrive here, especially during the winter.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
FREEMAN O'NEHL, M.D.,
Quarantine Officer.
To the Honourable
The Minister of Agriculture,
Ottawa.
15— 3J
36
DEPARTME^'T OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
No. 7.
(Peter Conroy, M.D.)
Charlottetown^ P.E.I., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ended October 31, 1905.
There was no qnarantinable disease found on board any vessel arriving at this
station during the past year.
The total number of vessels liable to inspection under existing regulations was
nine.
The increased accommodation for storing, Avashing and disinfecting recommended
in my last report is now about being provided. The roadway along the shore has also
been widened to a sufficient extent over the greater part of its course, but for a dis-
tance of about one hundred yards the road, as at present sui*veyed, runs down on the
tide-washed shore, so that passage over it is almost imposssible in stormy weather.
I would therefore recommend that the road at this point be also moved up on to the
dry bank.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Honourable
The Minister of Agriculture,
Ottawa.
PETEE CONROY, M.D.,
Quarantine Officer,
No. 8.
(J. Macdoxald, M.D.)
Chatham, N.B., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended Octo-
ber 31.
Sixty-four vessels were inspected at this station during the quarantine year. No
disease of an infectious nature was found and all were admitted to pratique after care-
ful inspection.
A small but badly needed wharf or landing was constructed on Middle island dur-
ing the past summer.
The hospital buildings are in fair condition, but might be improved by the addi-
tion of a little paint.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your most obedient servant,
J. MACDONALD, M.D.,
Quarantine Officer.
The Honourable
The Minister of Agriculture.
Ottawa, Ont.
PUBLIC HEALTH 37
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
No. 9.
(A. T. Watt, M.D,)
Victoria, B.C., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit this my report on the William Head quarantine
station for the year ended October 31, 1905.
The twelve months just ended have been without particular incident. No vessel
had to be detained in quarantine owing to the presence of small-pox or other of the
graver quarantinable diseases. Five cases of measles and one of dysentery were re-
moved from vessels and treated in hospital here until recovery.
The number of vessels passed was 176. There is a decrease shown as compared to
past few years. It is owing in large part to the exemption from inspection made of
vessels in coasting trade from San Francisco and ports north thereof. This exemption
was made effective on January 1, 1905, and was conceded on account of the improved
health conditions in San Francisco and the other ports, no case of plague having been
discovered in San Francisco since March 1, 1904, and the outbreaks of small-pox hav-
ing everywhere subsided. Other factors accounting for the decrease in the arrival of
vessels were the continuance of the war between Japan and Russia, causing the reten-
tion of the steamers of the Nippon Yusen Kaisha in the transport service, and the fact
that the Northern Pacific Steamship Company has not as yet made Victoria a regular
port of call with the new steamers which replaced the old fleet formerly coming regu-
larly.
The number of Asiatic steerage passengers has fallen very considerably. The per
capita tax of $500 on Chinese has prevented new arrivals entirely, while the war has
had the effect of keeping the Japanese from emigrating to any extent. The Chinese
now coming are those who have been home on a visit or those destined for other coun-
tries, and the same may be said of the Japanese. There were 2,836 Chinese steerage
passengers inspected and 5,378 Chinese members of crew. Japanese in steerage were
2,484, and in crew 1,278. Other Asiatics numbered 221. These were subjected to rou-
tine disinfection of person and effects at ports of departure and given special ex-
amination on arrival here. There weo-e 51 stowaways found and disinfected on
board ship.
The conditions in ports with which we are in most constant communication have
been much improved so far as the prevalence of epidemic disease is concerned, and to
that fact together with lessened chances, with fewer arrivals, of importing disease,
must be attributed the immunity from occurrence of disease enjoyed by steamers com-
ing here. Of coures, too, the precautions now taken in the way of examination, vaccina-
tion and disinfection of passengers before embarkation must be credited with a share
in bringing about this freedom from disease on board ship.
During the past year many improvements were made at the station. New bath
rooms for first-class passengers were completed. These are in a brick building finished
with hard plaster, impervious and thoroughly sanitary. A house for the electrician and
a house for the guards were also built. A site for the guard house as well as a right
of way outside of the boundary fence was acquired. This allows of the keeping of the
guards outside of quarantine, a matter of importance, as if a man be found unsuitable
or unreliable he can be at once discharged. This could not be done when the guards
had come in contact with people detained in quarantine. Then with the patrol being
outside the fence, there is not the same opportunity for anyone to elude the guard or
to attempt bribery.
38 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Extensive repairs were effected to outer end of deep water wharf. The brace piles
in fifteen of the bents were renewed and new stringers and planking laid on that por-
tion of the wharf, that is, for about 150 feet. When new stringers and planking are
laid on the rest of the wharf and the copper sheathing patched and reinforced where
necessary, the wharf will be in thorough repair. All the piling is now good. A shed to
put baggage cars under over and a waiting room were erected near the wharf. A cov-
ered wagon for conveyance of passengers and their effects from disinfecting buildings
to detention (Quarters was purchased. This is particularly required during rainy wea-
ther.
New ' two decker ' iron spring beds were put in saloon passenger building and
the steerage buildings were fitted with galvanized iron steamer berths. A number of
substantial spring cots were also procured. The sleeping accommodation for all classes
of passengers is now of the best.
A further number of cells was added to the storage battery, bringing the voltage
up to 110, so that it has been possible to have light in the houses after plant has shut
down. This has heretofore been at 11 p.m., but since storage battery has been con-
nected with houses, and the range lights as well ,it has been possible to shut down an
hour earlier. By running plant to usual time in winter, the storage battery can un-
doubtedly be relied upon to furnish what lights will be required for the mornings, and
thus save starting up the plant again at 6 a.m., as has been the practice. A consider-
able saving in fuel is thus effected and fully demonstrates the utility of the storage
battery under conditions here.
The contract has been let for a new boarding steamer for the station The new
vessel is to be of steel, 100 ft. in length, 20 ft. beam, and 12 ft. depth, moulded, and of
300 indicated horse-power. She will be built to Lloyd's rules for 100 A class, so that
she will be thoroughly seaworthy and capable of going out in any weather experienced
here.
The present quarantine steamer Earl was the means recently of saving the govern-
ment a large amount of money. The C.G.S. Quadra, of the lighthouse service, went on
the rocks about three miles from the station, and the Earl having steam up as she has
always in order to be ready for boarding, went at once to render assistance, and was
able to get the Quadra afloat. This was just before a heavy gale sprang up which
would" undoubtedly have caused the Quadra to break up had she remained in the posi-
tion she was in a couple of hours longer. It would probably have cost from $80,000 to
$100,000 to have replaced the Quadra had she been lost, so that there is something
which can be set to the credit side when the expenses of maintainins a quarantine
steamer here are considered.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient -ervant.
A. T. WATT, M.D.,
Supt. B. C. Quarantines.
The Honourable
The Minister of Agrculture,
Ottawa.
PUBLIC HEALTH 39
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
No. 10.
(W. H. K. Anderson, B.A., M.B.)
ViCTORU, B.C., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — ^I have the honour to submit the following report of the laboratory work at
William Head station during the quarantine year 1904-05.
The efficacy of several disinfectants submitted by the department has been tested.
One case (a Japanese steerage passenger) was proved by bacteriological examination to
be non-quarantinable. Various pathogenic cultures have been kept on hand and
studied as a routine practice. There has been some addition to the laboratory equip-
ment.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
HAEOLD ANDERSON,
Medical Assistant.
The Honourable
The Minister of Agriculture,
Ottawa.
No. 11.
(R. L. Eraser, M.D.)
ViCTORU, B.C., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I beg to submit my report for the year just ended.
Number of foreign coasting vessels touching Victoria, 974; number inspected, 2.
No contagious or quarantinable disease was found on any vessel inspected.
All coasting vessels touching here were exempt from inspection during the entire
year.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
E. L. FEASEE, M.D.,
Quarantine Officer.
The Honourable
The Minister of Agriculture.
Ottawa.
40
DEPARTMENT OF AOBICULTVRE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
No. 12.
(L. N. MacKechnie, M.D.)
Vaxcouver, B.C., OctobeT 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit this my report for the year just ended.
One vessel has been inspected.
No case of infectious or quarantinable disease came under my inspection dur-
ing the year.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Honourable
The Minister of Agriculture,
Ottav^a.
L. N. MACKECHNIE, M.D..
Quarantine Officer.
No. 13.
(J. Patterson, M.D.)
Winnipeg, November 1, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to report that during the past year 3 cases of small-pox
were detected at Moosejaw; 1 case east of Cardston; 1 case at Medicine Hat; 24 cases
at Didsbury; 1 case at Wetaskiwin, and 2 cases at Olds. In all 32 cases.
All of these were newly arrived immigrants from the United States, chiefly 'from
Nebraska, except one, a resident of Manitoba returning from a visit to Vancouver.
Seven of the cases were severe, the others moderate. All were strictly quarantined,
and the infection did not spread to any of the older residents of the Territories. All
recovered.
The last case occurred in May. In September one case was reported to me from
Dear Moosejaw. I referred the supervision of it to the government of the new province
of Saskatchewan. With this last exception the Territories have been absolutely free
from the disease during the last five months.
I am, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Honourable
The Minister of Agriculture,
Ottawa,
JAMES PATTERSON, M.D.
PUBLIC HEALTH 41
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
No. 14.
(A. C. Smith, M.A., M.D., CM.)
Tracadie, N.B., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit for the information, of the department my
annual report on the leper hospital at Tracadie, N.B., for the twelve months ending
to-day.
Omitting the name of the patient referred to in my last report as being out on
leave-of -absence, who remains free from any external symptoms of leprosy, and who is
about to be married, there remain to-day on the register of the institution the names
of sixteen inmates — nine males and seven females. The ages of these inmates are
respectively as follows: — Eleven, sixteen, eighteen, twenty- five (2), twenty-six, thirty,
thirty-five, thirty-seven, forty, forty-one, forty-seven, sixty-one (3), sixty- three. One.
a man aged forty, and reported last year as being in the first stage of the disease, has
recently been cured. Of those remaining, six may be classified as being in the first,
seven in the second, and two in the third, the final stage of the malady.
There were no deaths during the year. Two new cases were admitted, one from
this parish, the other from one of the surrounding districts. To one of these a child
was born in the lazaretto, and a good home immediately found for it.
In my experience with lepers, now extending oyer many years, I find that their
physical condition is good just in proportion to the amount of nourishing diet and
medical care bestowed on them. Besides suitable food lepers require warm clothing
and plenty of out-door air. During the summer months our patients live much out
doors, and, with the exception of the advanced cases, are comparatively free from
sickness and suffering. But during the winter, while much confined to the house, they
are always sick, always ailing in some way or other. At that time of year they are
very liable to enteric and pulmonary affections in addition to the intercurrent ' ail-
ments, .and aU by the complication made difficult to treat, and in need of the special
skill engendered by special experience. The inmates of the lazaretto, although isolated
from the world, enjoy all the comforts obtainable, including the unremitting kind-
ness and attention given them by the religious ladies in charge.
Since the introduction of special treatment by chaulmoogra oil, strychnia, &c.
our lepers are much encouraged by the very apparent benefits, even in the cases of
those who began the remedies late in the disease. With us marked amelioration ha'^
been obtained in every case, and in several cases a cure is, I believe, being effected.
On the 28th of last month, the patient referred to above, aged 40 years, and who was
admitted in 1900, has been permitted to return to his family on leave of absence.
The macular patches on his face and body, ulcerations, and all other symptoms have
entirely disappeared. Even when all evidences of the disease have gone it is better
to continue the treatment for some time. This man will be an out patent and will
continue the use of the remedies.
The treatment of leprosy, the world over, has at last been raised into scientific
practice. Dr. Dyer, of aSTew. Orleans, states that : ' Leprosy begins with the accept-
ance in the economy of the bacillus, and if it finds a fit soil in which resistance is
below the normal, it spreads, in degree, to one or to every organ in the body. Its
colonists are like the people of a sturdy race, finding new fields of entry, and
wherever a good location is determined, there they settle, and then next consume in
their development the tis.sues in their vicinity until the germ sui-vives and the ti.^sue
42 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
dies. Remedial measures are directed at flooding the field of infection, massing
an amount of tissue on which the bacillus cannot feed, but which acts as fuel for th3
development of normal tissue; this, aided by the natural process of nature, gradually
lays siege to the undeveloped foreign tisue until this is carried off or disseminated
through the organs of elimination of the human body. ' With added care and treat-
ment, with measures directed at increasing the resistance, this may be raised to a
point where the disease can no longer hold its place in the economy and the patient
recovers from the disease sufficiently to be free of all evidence during the rest of his
life.' These are highly important words.
In view of the fact that in the early history of leprosy in these districts there
were four times as many cases as at present, it will be seen that the lazeretto is
fulfilling the object for which it was established.
"While many precautions are now being taken to stamp out tuberculosis, I fear
that not sufficient warning is given to the public against the contagion of leprosy,
especially as there are now so very many cases of this disease in the territories belong-
ing to the neighbouring republic. From all quarters of the globe we are constantly
hearing of just such cases of contagion as the following : — In 1850, a French Canadian
left his home in the Three Rivers District,, Province of Quebec, where he could by
no possibility have acquired the disease, and removed to the United States. In 1860
he went to the Hawaiian Islands. Since 1887 his name has been on the list of in-
mates in the leper hospital on Molokai.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient serv'ant,
A. C. SMITH.
To the Honourable
The ^linister of Agriculture,
Ottawa.
No. 15 .
(Chas a. L. Fisher, J.P.)
October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit this my report as Public Works (Health)
Inspector, for the twelve months ended October 31, 1905.
During that period I have traversed the territory in the Dominion from the
Atlantic to the Pacific coasts, having personally visited and inspected all such works
covered by the Public Works (Health) Act, 1899, as have in any way been brought
to my notice, some of them having been inspected by me as often as two and three
times during the said term.
The year has again been an exceptional one, in the almost general non-appearance
of contagious and infectious diseases among the men employed on the various public
works of the Dominion coming under my inspection, there being only two outbreaks of
small-pox, in two of the railway camps, one patient in each outbreak, and on the
prairie, in the far north-west, some cases of typhoid fevor and diarrhoea, , owing to
impure water being used by some of the men contrary to the instructions of medical
officers in charge of camps.
PUBLIC HEALTH 43
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
Early last February, there was reported to be a serious outbreak of small-pox at
James McDonald's camp, near Hamlet, Ont., on the line of construction of the
James Bay Eailway, which having come to the knowledge of some reporter, had
evidently been enlarged upon, published in the newspapers, and thereby, quite a
fright was created in the surrounding villages, but on my going to the camp to
investigate, I foiind two men quarantined (because they had been sleeping together)
one of whom had been on a prolonged spree, had not partaken of a square meal for
about a month, and in addition had venereal dise;ase. This man came to the camp,
stopped using intoxicants, and gorged himself with strong victuals, three times a
day, thereby causing an outbreak or eruption on his body, and Wm. A. McLeod,
M.D., the resident medical officer at the camp (though satisfied that the eruption was
not small-pox)^ as a precautionary measure, quarantined both men, and they were
all right and at work again in about a couple of weeks.
In the beginning of March last, I received from F. Montizambert, I.&.O., M.D.,
Director General of Public Health, a copy of a very serious complaint, emanating
from the far north-west, to the effect that ' at tie and log camps in the neighbour-
hood of Erwood, Sask., N.W.T., the men employed thereon, were taxed $1 monthly
per man, for medical attendance, that such atendance was not being properly given,
that sufficient medicine and medical supplies, were not provided, that patients had
to be driven over unrepaired roads to hospital, and that such conditions and treat-
ment existed in most railway camps in the west.'
At the same time the Director General informed me, ' that you desired me to
proceed there at once, and make a most careful inquiry into the facts and conditions
as narrated above, to particularly go up and down among the men whose interest
is that we are specially desirous of protecting, find out from them what their grievan-
ces and feelings are, and make the fullest possible inquiry in the matter.'
In compliance with your wishes, I proceeded to Erwood, Sask., and the various
camps in that neighbourhood, and on my return, reported to the following effect: —
That instead of buying ties and logs from private individuals, as formerly done,
the railway construction work in the neighbourhood of, and north-west of Erwood,
had been discontinued, and that the construction camps had been turned into tie
and log camps by the contractors, but with the same medical supervision as pre-
viously set forth in my annual report of October 31, last.
I found these camps to be situated in the Northwest Territories, about sixty
miles north-west of Erwood, to be three in number, known as Keith's, MacMillaD'?=
and Dunn's, and they are looked after by Dr. Oatway, as medical supervisor, who is
well provided with medicines, has temporary hospital acommodation, makes his head-
quarters and residence at Keith's camp, and visits the other two camps several times
weekly.
In cases of serious accidents or disease, requiring long and careful attention to
make recovery, patients, after being attended to by the resident medical officer, are
sent by a construction engine and caboose, comfortably housed in the latter, to the
Swan Eiver Hospital, and the charges for their keep and attendance there, are paid
by the contractors.
In conversation with various employees of these camps, I found no complaints
about the medical fee charged, the medical supervision, or the hospital accommoda-
tion provided.
There are in the same neig"hboui-hood. other large camps known as Moore's, btit
they are private concerns, do not get out ties or logs for railway construction or con-
tractors, have a large mill, and cut lumber for buildinig purposes. They do not come
under the application of the Public Works (Health) Act, 1899, but if they did, from
conversation I had with several of their employees I met at Keith's camp, there seems
to be no complaiu^t against them.
In another direction of the Xorthwest Territories, and about fifty miles from
Erwood, there are two other contractors' camps getting out ties and logs for rail-
44 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
-\v.ay construction, which ai-e known as !MacKenzie's, and Red Deer lumber com-
pany's. Both these camps are covered by Dr. Bottomly as medical supervisor, who
makes his headquarters and residence at MacKenzie's camp, and visits the other
camp 'about daily, they being- only five miles apart.
The doctor is vs^ll supplied with medicines, and has temporary hospital accom-
modation, but patients requiring long and careful attention, are transported to Erwood
in comfortable sleighs, and from there by rail to Swan River Hospital, at the ex-
pense of the contractor.^.
In conversation with the men of these camps, I heard no complaints with regard
to the charge for medical fees or supervision.
There was, however, about five miles apart from either of the last two mentioned
camps, a large lumber camp, which had, I understand, been making a charge on the
men for medical services, without having any resident ofiicer, patients (when neces-
sary) being sent to the Swan River Hospital, at the expense of the proprietor of the
camp, which was a private concern, did not get out ties or logs for railway contrac-
tors or construction, and did not come under tlie application of tlie Public Works
(Health) Act. This camp was broken up a couple of days previous to my arrival in
the neighbourhood, the lumber limits having been sold to the Red Deer lumber com-
pany.
This was probably the camp about which the complaint in question was made,
but, as it did not come under the application of the above named Act, I would sug-
gest that any complainant in future, be asked to give the exact location of the camp or
work, the name of the contractor or company, and such infoiTnation as would leave
no doubt as to what camp or work the complaint covered, then a satisfactory investi-
gation could be made at said camp, without leaving <a. doubt about other camps or
works, as contractors who are carrying out the regulations, are not pleased at having
unjust complaints made covering their woi-ks.
Railway construction camps in Manitoba have been closed down for .some months,
but when in operation they have all had sufficient medical supervision.
Early in July last, a complaint reached me against the Atlantic Construction
Company, of Shelburne, N.S., to the following effect: That they refused to build hos-
pitals. That in the autumn of last year, their men brought an acute contagious dis-
ease with them, and the company refused to provide for them. That the whole com-
munity suffered from the plague, as a result of there being on hospitals in which sick
men could be placed. That at the end of last year an Italian lay ill in the camp with
no one to provide for him, who required operation which could not be done in the
camp. That at present {here is an old man of sixty years of age, suffering ivom a
broken hip, and has no person to look after him. That west of the Roreway river, no
contract has been made with any doctor to attend the labourers.
In compliance with the information received, to the effect that you desired me to
make an investigation into the conditions obtaining on the works of the Atlantic Con-
struction Company, with a view to ascertaining if the requirements of the Public
Works (Health) Act Regulations had been complied with, I made a special trip to
Shelburne, N.S., and the said construction works, and reported thereon, to the follow-
ing effect: —
The Atlantic Construction Company have the contract for that part of the Hali-
fax and South-western railway not yet completed, and lined out from Liverpool, N.S.,
to Barrington Passage, N.S., a distance of about seventy-nine miles.
This they have let out in seven sub-contracts, and the whole distance is covered
and supervised by eight duly qualified physicans, which would give an average of
about ten miles each.
The medical officers are, G. W. Smith, M.D., of Liverpool, N.S., Dr. Lloyd, of
Lockeport, N.S., L. O. Fuller, M.D., of Shelburne, N.S., S. W. Burns, M.D., Jas.
Morton, M.D., both of Shelburne, J. D. Dunsmore, M.D., of Port Clyde, N.S., Dr.
Wilson, of Barrington Head, N.S.. and Dr. Banks, of Barrington Passage, N.S.
PUBLIC HEALTH 45
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
The number of men employed along the whole work is S40, which would give an
average of 120 men under each sub-contractor, so that there is no large body of em-
ployees located in any one section.
The company admit that they did not build hospitals, because, owing to the work
running through a well settled country, they could, and did nearly always, obtain a
suitable building for the purpose.
The company positively deny that their men at any time brought an acute con-
tagious disease with them, and say there Avere some cases of typhoid among their
men, but that they were promptly isolated and taken care of until cured, that they
built an hospital specially therefor, which was looked after by Dr. Lloyd, who had
male nurses in attendance.
I may here say, that the company produced their books, and showed me where
they had paid out for .the erection of the hospital, also the receipted, bill therefor, and
bills for the cost of the nurses at the rat^ of $1.35 per day and board.
The company claim that the disease did not break out in the camps, but in other
quarters, and if there was any plague, they were not responsible.
As to the Italian who required operation, the Company say that the man was
sent to the Halifax hospital at their expense, and that he had all necessary care and
provision while in camp.
I may here again say that the company showed me receipted bills for this man's
care in the Halifax hospital, and also bills for other patients they sent there.
As to the old man of sixty-three years of age, suffering from a broken hip, I ob-
tained the following information : The accident occurred June 23 last, and after
work hours, not on the works or any connection therewith, but on the public road, and
was caused by the man attempting to get on a farmer's wagon, while the horses were
in motion. He was taken to the camp, made as comfortable as possible, the medical
officer sent for, and a male nurse placed in charge of the patient there, at the expense
of the company, until they had the man removed to more comfortable quarters in
Shelburne.
This information I obtained from the sub-contractor of said camp, at a personal
interview with him, and this was confirmed on my interviewing the manager of the
construction company.
I may here say, that previous to my visit, the company had made arrangements
with a Mrs. Bower, of Shelburne (who had ample quarters), to house, board and nurs3
all patients, but contagioiis disease ones, sent her by them, and there I personally
visited the old man with the broken hip, found him comfortably quartered in a room
by himself, and on questioning him, he said he had been kindly treated, was quite
satisfied, and was doing all right.
In regard to no contract having been made with any doctor to attend labourers
west of the Roreway river, I have to say, that I saw and read over the contracts made
with, and signed by the eight medical officers named above, and covering the whole
of the constrction work between Liverpool and Barrington Passage.
I drove over the line of work, visited the camps and interviewed personally all
the sub-contractors, with one exception, and they spoke very favourably of the way
the Construction Company cared for their men when sick or disabled by accident, and
assured me that they were well cared for and provided with nurses when necessary.
In conversation with some of the men employed on the various works and camps,
I questioned them as to their treatment, food and lodging, and they seemed to have
no complaints.
The medical officers of the works, whom I saw. gave me similar reports as the
sub-contractors, and the manager of the company said they were quite willing to do
what was necessary under the regulations, in order to protect their men and keep
them on the work, and this I know they have done during the past two years in con-
structing other parts of the same road.
46 DEPARTMENT OF AGPICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
The company have ordered hospital tents for each camp, and when they are up
and equipped, taking into consideration the well settled country through which the
line runs, the small body of men located in each camp, the number of medical officers
employed in covering such a short distance, the recuperating quarters at Shelburne and
other camps, and the use of the Royal Victoria Hospital at Halifax, I consider that
the regulations under the Public Works (Health) Act, 1899, are being fully carried
out as far as necessary by the said Atlantic Construction Company, on the construc-
tion work of the Halifax and Southwestern railway.
In regard to the above reported matter, I made special trips for investigation,
and am pleased to have been able to report as favourably thereon. These works were
all visited again on my annual tour of inspection, and will be found further reported
on below, under special headings.
I am pleased to again be able to report that on my regular tour of inspection of
the public works of the Dominion for the past year, I found the medical service given,
the hospital accommodation provided, and the sleeping quarters or housing of the men.
to be equal to the very good condition in this way, reported last year.
The following is a detailed report of the public works I have personally visited
and inspected during the past twelve months, as coming under the regulations of the
Public Works (Health) Act, 1899 :—
RAHiWAYS.
The number of works of this kind have been about the same as during last year,
some of the latter having been completed and new ones commenced, but the most im-
portant ones have been so rushed that a further greatly increased average has been
added to the railway mileage of the Dominion, and a more extended tract of fine
wheat-growing lands than ever opened out for settlement.
CANADL\N PACIFIC RAILWAY.
This company has had under construction in the past twelve months, fourteen
branches and extensions, in the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, the Northwest Terri-
tories and British Columbia, as against seven in the previous year.
Having visited all the said works in my official capacity, I am pleased to report
that at such visits I found good hospital accommodation provided, the men comfort-
ably housed and well fed, the camps in good sanitary condition, and a duly qualified
physician as medical supervisor over each section of camps.
With two exceptions, there has been no outbreak of contagious disease, and the
general health of the men has been good.
I give below the extent and location^ with other particulars, of these fourteen
various woits. Sudbury — Toronto branch (Sudbury. Ont., to Byng Inlet, Ont., 60
miles). The contractors for this work are Messrs. Foley Bros., Lareon and Company,
with headquarters at Wahnapitae, Ont., near Sudbury.
About 2,500 men were employed, who were distributed over from twenty-five to
thirty camps, and were Ix^arded and housed in tents and other quarters by the con-
tra ctoi'S.
There had been two outbreaks of small-pox in these camps, one patient in each
outbreak, but by prompt and effective measures, the disease was limited to the one
patient in each outbreak.
There had been the usual amount of sickness and minor accidents, but the gene-
ral health of the men had been good .
The camps were well situated and in good sanitary condition, and the buildings
commodious and comfortable.
PUBLIC HEALTH 47
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
Two very good hospitals are established by the contractors, one located at the
Wahnapitae river, four miles south of the main line connection, the other located
on the Pickerel river, forty miles from the former, and twenty miles from Byng
Inlet, and hospital tents are on hand in the various camps in case of necessity.-
F. J. Ewing, M.D., chief medical officer of the Canadian Pacific Kailway Com-
pany's construction work in Ontario, makes his headquarters on the line, and has
two assistants, Dr. Ferguson and Dr. Aineley, also nurses and cooks for the hospitals.
Sudbury— Toronto branch. (Bolton, Ont., to Parry Sound, Ont., 128 mil^.) The
contractors for this work are Messrs. G. S. Duks & Company, of Toronto, now the
Toronto Construction Company, Limited.
About 1,000 men were employed, who were distributed over a number of oamps,
and boarded and housed by the contractors.
There had been no contagious diseases, and the health of the men had been
excellent, the camps were well situated, and in a sanitary condition.
No permanent hospital has been established, as there are several public hospitals
within easy access, but the medical officers have temporary hospital accommodation.
The medical officers in charge of the various camps are A. F: Eeyner, M.D., of
Palgrave, Ont., Dr. Harvie, of Coldwater, Ont., W. H. Wright, M.D., of Tottenliamv
Ont., Jas. Campbell, M.D., of Tottenham, and Dr. Stone, of Paxrj^ Sound, Ont.
Sudbury — Toronto branch. (Coldwater to the Severn river, Ont., about 12
miles.) The contractors for this work are Messrs. Battle, Conlon and Armstrong,
of Thorold, Ont.
Only about 100 men were employed, many of them residing in the neighbourhood,
there being only one small camp where a few. men were housed and fed by the contrac-
tors, and the health of all had been good.
Lacombe and Wetaskiwin branches. (50 miles Lacombe extension and 25 miles
Wetaskiwin extension). This was the continuation of the work of last year, and
was under contract to Messrs. Foley Bros., Larson and Company.
Between 300 and 400 men were employed on these works, housed in tents and
boarded by the contractors.
There had been no contagious disease, and the health of the men had been good.
Temporary hospital accommodation was provided, and the general hospital at
Calgary was used when necessary for serious cases.
Dr. Ewing was in charge as chief medical officer of Foley Bro.'s work, and had
an assistant looking after the men, in the person of Dr. Walker,
Wetaskiwin branch. (A further extension of 25 miles.) This work was under
contract to Messi-s. Breekenridge & Lund. Only about 100 men were employed, who
were housed in tents, and boarded by the contractors.
Xo contagious disease had occurred, the health of the men was good, and they
were medically looked ofter by Dr. Walker, who had temporary hospital accommoda-
tion for them when necessary.
Wetaskiwin branch extension. (40 miles to east.) This work was started late
this season, and is under contract to J. D. Mc Arthur, of Winnipeg..
About 200 men were employed, who were housed in tents, and boarded by the
contractor.
There had been no serious illness among the men, the oamps being well located,
and kept in good sanitary condition.
Hospital tents were provided, and A. R. Cunningham, M.D., had the medical
supervision of the men.
Pheasant Hills branch. (This is a continuation of the work mentioned in my
last report, as from Newdorf to Jumping Deer creek.)
Messrs. Foley Bros., Larson & Company were the contractors for the grading,
the tracklaying being done by men under the supervision of the Canadian Pacific
Hallway Company.
48 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII,, A. 1906
About 300 men were employed in all, and distributed over the various camps
being housed in tents and boarded by the contractors and the C.P.R. Companj-.
There had been no outbreak of contagious disease, and the health of the men
generally good.
There vpas a good temporary hospital at Lipton, Assa., on the Kne, with Dr. Black
in charge, assisted by Dr. Adams. This work was just about finished.
Brookdale Branch (extension of 10 miles west) !Messrs. Foley Bros., Larson &
Co., were the contractors.
About 150 men were employed, housed in tents, and boarded by the contractors.
No outbreak of contagious disease had occured, and the health of the men was
good.
Temporary hospital accommodation was provided. Dr. Black was in charge as
medical officer, with Dr. Thompson as assistant at Brookdale.
Wolseley-Reston line (Keston, Man., to Wolseley, Assa.) This work was under
contract to J. D. McArthur, of Winnipeg, the tracklaying being done by Canadian
Pacific Eailway operating department, under Mr. J. J. Scully, superintendent, at
Brandon.
About 150 men were employed and were housed in tents and house cars, and
hoarded by the contractor and company.
There had been no contagious disease, and the general health of the men had
been good.
Temporary hospital accommodation was provided, the medical charge of the men
being under Dr. Chapman, of Reston.
Lauder extension (a short spur from Lauder). This was under contract to P.
TJ. Lamb, of Winnipeg. Only 58 men were employed, all of whom were in general
good health.
No regular medical officer was employed.
Moosejaw extension (10 miles northwest). This was under contract to Messrs.
Jackson & McMenemy. Only a small body of men were employed, who had been in
general good health.
No special medical officer was employed, not being necessary.
Saskatoon extension (30 miles west). This work was under contract to J. D.
McArthur, of Winnipeg, and had only just been started.
About 200 men were employed, who were housed in tents and boarded by the con-
tractor.
Hospital tents were provided, and the health of men good.
Drs. McKay & Willoughby were the medical officers in charge of the employees.
Teulon branch (extension of 10 miles). This was also under contract to J. D.
McArthur.
Only 50 or 60 men were employed, who were housed in tents, boarded by the con-
tractor, and were in good health.
No special medical officer was necessary.
Yahk branch (from YahJc, B.C., 8 -.1 miles). Messrs. Breckenridge & Lund were
the contractors.
About 200 men were employed, who were housed in tents, and boarded by the
contractors.
There had been no contagious disease, the health of the men being excellent.
Two local doctors in the neighbourhood were employed to attend the men .
NICOLA, KAMLOOPS AND SIMILKAMEEN RAILWAY AXD COAL COMPANY.
Nicola Valley branch (Spence's Bridge. B.C., to Nicola Mines, about 45 miles).
Messrs Loss, Macdonnell & Co., are the contractors for this work.
About SOO men are employed, who are housed in tents, and boarded by the eon-
tractors.
PUBLIC HEALTH 49
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
The health of the men has been excellent, and no outbreak of contagious disease
has developed. The cauips are well located and kept in a sanitary condition.
An excellent hospital has been established on the line of construction, about
12 miles from Spence's Bridge, in a spacious and well equipped tent, and two nurses
are regularly employed therein.
R. II. Kerr, M.D., is the chief medical officer, and he has another doctor as assist-
ant, both residing on the works, and being well supplied with medicines and other
necessaries.
CANADIAN NORTHERN RAILWAY.
This company has had under construction since m\^ last annual report thirteen
extensions to their lines in Manitoba and the Northwest Territories, as against eleven
in the previous year.
Having personally inspected the works on each of said extensions, I have to report
that I found both the company and the contractors carrying out carefully the regula-
tions under the Public Works (Health) Act, 1899, the hospital accommodation pro-
vided being up to the requirements, the men furnished with ample wholesome food
and well housed, mostly in tents, the camps keiit in a good sanitary condition, and
having thorough medical supervision by one or more duly qualified physicians, who
were under the direct charge of R. ^lackenzie, M.D., and C. A. ]\Iackenzie, ]\LD.. both
of Winnipeg, as chief medical officers of all construction work of the Canadian iSTorth-
ern Railway Company, and these gentlemen, as well as the chief employees of the
company, gave me every assistance in their power towards making the necessary in-
spections.
There were no infectious or contagious diseases at any of these works, with the
exception of a few cases of typhoid fever, and the general health of the men could
hardly be better.
The locations, with more detailed particulars of the works, will be found below.
Main line extension (between Humboldt and Edmonton, Alta.). The contractors
for the grading are Messrs. J. D. McArthur & Company, of Winnipeg, and the track
laying, which was last season in the hands of Messrs. Robinson & Company, is now
being done under the supervision of the Canadian Northern railway.
About 2,000 men in all were employed on the work, distributed throughout the
several sections and the various camps, comfortably housed in tents and house cars,
and well supplied with first-class food by those who boarded them.
There had been no contagious or infectious diseases, with the exception of a few
cases of typhoid fever, the general health of the men being excellent and no deaths
baving occurred from either disease or accident.
Very good temporary hospital quarters were supplied for each section, and hos-
pital tents were on hand for use if necessary.
Eight duly qualified physicians had medical supervision of the various sections,
viz.: P. C. Crosby, M.D., in charge of steel gang; D. B. Neeley, M.D., at Humboldt,
L. B. Wilmot. M.D., at North Battleford, W. T. Rush, M.D., and Dr. Turner, at
Vegneville, E. B. Oliver, M.D., at Lloydminster, Dr. Braithwaite, assisted by Dr.
Dunne, at Edmonton.
Prince Albert division (grading, ballasting and tracklaying from Melfort, Sask.,
to Prince Albert. Sask.) Mr. Neil Keeth was the contractor for the grading and
ballasting, and the tracklaying was being done by ^essrs. Mackenzie k Mann.
About 300 men were employed, being housed in tents and house cars, and well
supplied with good food by the contractors, and the camps and cars kept in a good
sanitary condition.
There were no contagious diseases developed, the health of the men being of the
best.
15—4
50 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Temporary hospital quarters were provided, and in case of necessity, men were
sent to the Swan River Hospital, by a construction engine and caboose, at the expense
of the contractor.
E. M. Oatway, M.D., was the medical officer resident among the camps, and as the
work extended Dr. Eeed was employed to assist on the end towards Prince Albert.
Varsoe line, Messrs. Mackenzie & Mann were constructing this work.
About 600 men were employed, who were housed in tents and boarded by con-
tractors.
No outbreaks of contagious disease had occurred, the health of the men being
generally good.. Temporary hospital quarters were provided.
W. B. Clark, M.D., was the medical supervisor.
Carman-Somerset extension (from Leary's to Somerset, Man.) This work was
under contract to Mr. Strevel.
Only about 100 men were employed, who were lodged in tents and boarded by
contractor.
No contagious disease had developed, and the men generally, were in excellent
health. Hospital tents were provided, and J. Rochon, M.D., of Somerset, was the
medical officer in charge.
Edmonton extension (from Edmonton to about 40 miles northwest). This work
was started late in the summer and about 150 men were employed.
There had been no serious disease, the general health of the men being good.
Dr. Braithwaite, of Edmonton, assisted by Dr. Dunne, were the medical officers in
charge.
Hartney branch (between Hartney and Virden). About 200 men were employed
thereon, who were housed in tents and boarded by the contractors.
No contagious or infectious diseases occurred, and the general health of the men
was excellent. Dr. Bigelow, of Hartney, assisted by Dr. Montague were the medical
supervisors.
Spring-field branch (Winnipeg to Bird's Hill). Only about 50 men were em-
ployed on this line, who were housed in tents and well looked after by the contractors.
There had been no serious illness, and Dr. Davis, of Dugald, Man., was the medical
supervisor.
Carberry branch (Carberry to Brandon). Messrs. Cowan, Mackenzie & Mann, were
the contractors for this work, but only 50 to 60 men were employed at tracklaying, and
they were under the medical charge of Dr. Montague.
Rossburn branch (Clanwilliam extension). This had been under contract to
Messrs. McDonald & McWilliam, but only about 50 men were employed at tracklaying,
who were also being looked after medically by Dr. Montague.
Hudson's Bay branch (from four miles from Winnipeg to a connection with a
completed line). Messrs. Mackenzie, Mann & Co., had this work in hand. About 100
men were employed, who were well cared for, and their medical supervision was in the
personal charge of Drs. Mackenzie and Mackenzie.
The Edmonton and Slave Lake railway (short line out of Edmonton). About
100 men were employed who were housed in tents and well cared for by the contractors.
Drs. Oliver and Braithwaite, of Edmonton, were the medical officers of the men.
JAMES BAY RAILWAY.
This work is under the control of Messrs. Mackenzie, Mann & Co., and construc-
tion is going on under the charter fr»m Parry Soimd, Ont., to Toronto, Ont., in several
divisions and under several contractors.
Parry Sound branch (from Parry Sound north six miles). Messrs. Johnson &
Beveridge had the contract for this work, which is now completed.
There had been no serious disease among the men, and they were under the
medical charge of G. N. Davis, M.D., of Parry Sound.
PUBLIC HEALTH 51
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
North half main line (from Parry Sound south to Washago, Ont., about 60
miles.)
This work is under contract to Angus Sinclair, C.E., of Parry Sound, who has
Jet it out in sections to seven sub-contractors, as under: From Parry Sound south
for seven miles, Messrs. Henderson and Scott are the sub-contractors. Their camps
are in good condition, and the health of the men excellent. S. IST. Davis, M.D., of
Parry Sound, has been medical supervisor of the men in the camps.
From the 7th to the 12th mile inclusive, Messrs. Kennedy and McDonald were
the sub-contractors. This work is now completed, but when under construction, Dr.
Davis had the medical supervision.
From the 12th to the 18th mile, J. I. Cote was the sub-contractor, with Chas. H.
Gilmour, M.D., of Toronto, as chief medical officer, assisted by Dr. Hacking, of
Staney Brae, Ont. This is now completed.
From the 18th to the 21st mile, Messrs. Montgomery and Moffat had the sub-
contract, with Dr. Hacking as medical officer in charge. This work is completed.
From the 21st to the 31st mile, Messrs. Giroux and Jamieson were the sub-
contractors. A good hospital was provided at Foote's bay, with Dr. Hacking as medi-
cal officer in charge, under Dr. Gilmour.
From the 31st to the 36th mile, Messrs. Phillips and Jacobs have the sub-contract,
with Dr. Burgess, of Bala, Ont., as medical supervisor.
From the 36th to the 48th mile, the work is under sub-contract to Guy Campbell,
and Dr. Burgess looks after the care of the men on this section.
From the 48th mile to Washago, the Orillia Construction Company are the sub-
contractors, with Wm. A. McLeod, M.D., as the resident physican looking after the
men for Dr. Gilmour.
This is the camp known as McDonald's, with headquarters at Hamlet, Ont., at
which last February there was a reported outbreak of small-pox, as previously reported
above.
There were about 1,500 men in all, employed on these works, all being in general
good health, with no outbreak of contagious disease except the one reported from
McDonald's camp.
Temporary hospital accommodation was provided for all camps, and Chas. H.
Gilmour, M.D., of Toronto, was chief medical officer.
South half of main line (from Toronto to Washago, about 65 miles). This work
is under contract to the Northern Construction Company, Limited, with headquarters
at Don Lands siding, six mil^ from Toronto.
There are about seventeen separate camps on this construction, all under the
charge of Chas. H. Gilmour,- M.D., of Toronto, who has several assistants.
From Toronto to Mount Albert, Malcolm Galbraith, M.D., is the medical assist-
ant in charge of the men.
From Mount Albert to Beaverton, W. J. Boynton, M.D., of Pefferlaw, Ont., looks
after the men.
From Beaverton to Brechin, Dr. Galloway, of Beaverton, has charge of the men.
From Brechin to Sparrow Lake, S. J. Staples, M.D., has the medical charge of
the men.
Dr. Burgess has charge of the men for four miles out of Bala.
From four miles out of Bala, to within seventeen miles of Parry Sound, Roy
Hacking, M.D., has charge of the men.
About 1,000 men in all are employed on this work, who are housed in tents or
temporary buildings, and boarded by the contractors.
No outbreak of contagious disease has occvirred, and the health of the men has
been generally good.
Very good temporary hospital quarters have been provided by Doctor Gilmour at
various points along the line of work, viz^.. At Doncaster, with Dr. Galbraith in
charge. At Pefferlaw, with Dr. W. J. Boynton in charge. At Washago, with Dr. S.
J. Staples in charge. At Foote's bay, with Dr. R. Hacking in charge.
15—41
52 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Any very serious accidents or cases, requiring long and careful attention, would
be sent to the Toronto General Hospital, at the charge of the contractors.
Halifax and South Western Railway. The proprietorship of this road is in the
hands of Messrs. Mackenzie, Mann & Co., of Toronto, and when completed, will extend
from Halifax to Yarmouth, N.S., with branch lines.
Trains are now running from Halifax to Liverpool, N.S., and from Barrington
Passage to Yarmouth.
The part now under construction is from Liverpool. N.S., to Barrington Pas-
sage, X.S., to connect the two parts now in operation, and covers a distance of about
79 miles. This work is under contract to the Atlantic 'Construction company, with
headquarters at Shelburne, N.S, and they have let out the Avork to seven sub-con-
tractors, who are pushing it to completion, under the supervision of the Atlantic
Construction company.
I have just returned from inspecting these works for the second time, during the
past season, and found that the Atlantic Constrnetion Company were fulfilling the
requirements of the Public Works (Health) Act, regulations, thereon, as far as ne-
cessary.
Having already i-eported above, on a special visit of inspection to these works,
and given all particulars, I need not i-epeat the same.
QUEBEC AND LAKE ST. JOHN RATLWATj. ^
This companj^ are constructing a branch of their road from La TuqueJunction,
to La Tuque, a distance of 42 miles.
This woilc is under contract to Mr. Joseph Paquete, who has from 300 to 400
men employed thereon.
There are about 35 camps covering the route, and the men are comfortably
housed in temporary cabins or tents, and are well boarded and looked after.
Louis V. Masse, M.D., is the medical officer in charge of the employees, and is
resident on the work.
The contractor has erected a comfortable hospital for the use of the men. but up
to tilie present, it has been little used.
There has been no contagious or infectious disease in the camps^ and the general
health of the men has been excellent. But one accident has occurred, and that not
a serious on©.
GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY OF CANADA.
This railway is now under the control of Messre. Mackenzie, Mann & Co., who
were constructing a branch from St. Jacques Junction to St. Jacques village, Que.,,
a distance of seven miles, under the supervision of Mr, A. J. Gon-ie, general super-
intendent of the railway company.
Only about 50 men were employed, and they live in the surrounding neighbour-
hood.
There had been no unusual sickness, and no complaints. There was, of course, no
regular medical officer in charge of the men employed.
OTHER PUBLIC WORKS.
Dock, ice-hreakers and dredging (city of Three Rivers).
This work was l>eing carried on by the Dominion goveninient, and is under
contract to Mr. Eandolph Macdonald.
A comparatively small body of men was employed, most of whom lived in their
own houses and the others were well cared for by the contractors.
I
MISCELLANEOUS 53
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
There is no regular medical supervisor, such not being- necessary. The health
of the men was good.
Breakwater, Depot Harbour, Ont. (rip-rap foundations and addition to wharf).
This work has been carried on by the Dominion government, and is under contract
to !Messrs. Davis, Haney & Miller.
Few men were employed thereon at the time of my inspection, the present con-
tract neari ng completion.
There had been no contagious or infectious disease, and the health of the men kept
excellent. The camps were well located, the sleeping quarters comfortable, and the
food of the best. C. Davis, M.D.. of Depot Harbour, Ont., was the medical officer in
charge of the men and camps.
In closing this my annual report for the year ended October 31, 1905, I deem
it a pleasure to be again able to draw your attention to the very apparent abatement
of contagious and infectious diseases, the excellent condition and general healthful-
ness of the men, the sanitary state of the camps on said works, and the careful atten-
tion given by the contractors and companies in trying to fulfil the requirements of thy
Public Works (Health) Act regulations.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
CHAS. A. L. FISHEE,
Public Works (Health) Inspector.
The Honourable
The Minister of Agriculture,
Ottawa.
5J . DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
KEPOET OF THE CANADIAN COMMISSION TO THE LOUISIANA
PUECHASE EXPOSITION, ST. LOUIS, U.S.A., 1904.
The Louisiana Purchase Exposition, held in the city of St. Louis, in the state of
Missouri, U.S.A., during the year 1904, was instituted to commemorate the purchase
by the United States government of the territory then known as Louisiana from Napo-
leon I, of Prance. The purchase was effected in the year 1803, and embraced all the
territory lying to the southward and west of the Mississippi river at that time under
the jurisdiction of France.
The Louisiana Purchase Exposition was conceived on a scale of such magnitude
that it was found impossible to carry the proposed scheme into effect in time to cele-
brate the centennial year of the purchase, 1903, so the time was extended to the year
following, 1904. The exposition being of a universal character held under the auspices
of the United States government, all foreign countries were invited to participate,
and the time for holding the exposition was fixed for the period between April 30 to
December 1, inclusive.
Canada being at a very important stage of her national development, and having
entered upon the highway of an unprecedented prosperity, the opportunity of bringing
her natural resources and her broad areas of fertile lands awaiting settlement more
conspicuously before the eyes of the world, was not to be lost, and the government of
the Dominion among other foreign countries, decided to participate.
The decision having been made, it wa.s determined to make the participation com-
mensurate with the magnitude of the exposition and the excellence of the opportunity.
To that end the exhibition branch was instructed to undertake the gathering of suit-
able exhibits, the selection of desirable sites in the different exhibit palaces, and a
location for the Canadian National pavilion.
Having made early application for exhibit spaces, we were able to secure choice
locations in each of the exhibit palaces where Canada was to be represented, and also
a suitable site for the Canadian pavilion. A description of the different exhibits is
given in another part of this report.
In the general plan of the exposition site, a section was set apart for the location
of foreign government buildings. This location was, in our opinion, rather remote
from the general activity of the exposition, and our object being to attract the largest
number of people possible to our building, we prevailed upon the exposition authori-
ties to allow us to occupy a piece of land in that part of the grounds known as the
agricultural section. The location secured was a part of the immense flower garden
immediately surrounding the agricultural building, and in close proximity to the
great floral clock which was one of the great features of the exposition.
The conditions imposed upon us were that we should undertake the full cost of
terracing, sodding and maintaining the landscape during the period of the exposition
on a scale equal to that carried out by the exposition authorities in the maintenance
of the flower garden above mentioned.
That the extra expenditure in thus preparing, beautifying and maintaining
the grounds comprising the plot was justified, was amply demonstrated in the crowds
of visitors that the situation naturally threw in our way. Immediately to the east of
the site was the United States Life Saving exhibit, which attracted great crowds
daily. On the west was the Philippine reservation, with the main thoroughfares lead-
ing to and from it passing on either side of our plot. Added to this, the fact that
MISCELLANEOUS 55
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
the group of foreign buildings and the forestry, fish and game building were on a
straight line to the north, and that all the traffic from these buildings to the Palace of
Agriculture had to pass by our door, a pretty clear idea may be formed of the advan-
tages of our situation. It might still further be urged in defence of the expendi-
ture in connection with our pavilion, and the plot of ground occupied, that we had
a daily average of visitors much larger than that of any of the state or foreign build-
ings which cost twice and three times as much as ours in their erection.
The pavilion itself, constructed somewhat after the fashion of a club house, had
a frontage of 100 feet x 100 in depth with broad verandahs on front and s-ides for the
accommodation of visitors to eat their luncheon or rest at their pleasure. These
verandahs and the freedom given to the visitors upon them, proved a strong factor in
gaining for the building the popularity that it enjoyed. The public conveniences,
free ice water, easy restful furniture ,and the homelike air about all the parlors, corri-
dors and reception rooms, gained for the Canada pavilion a reputation for hospitality
that was not enjoyed to the same degree, by any other official building on the fair
grounds. The furnishings of the pavilion and the worlis of art with which it was
decorated, were all Canadian, and all suggestive of Canada's natural Avealth, social,
educational and commercial progress. If proof were wanting of the popularity of the
Canadian pavilion, it was amply furnished throughout the season by the crowds of
people who daily thronged its parlors, corridors and reception rooms or crowded upon
its verandahs. Further proof was abundant in the voluntary testimony of hundreds
upon hundreds of visitors from the city and elsewhere, who said it was talked about
as the only absolutely free building on the grounds, where there was no charge for
toilet accommodations or ice water, and where visitors were not only allowed to eat
their lunches on the verandahs, but were provided with tables to add to their comfort
m doing so.
Besides offices for the use of the commission, the Canadian pavilion included a
large room in which were hung large maps showing the character of the country, its
railways systems, public lands. Immigration officers furnished by the Department of
the Interior, were in daily attendance giving information in regard to the free land
offered to settlers in the Canadian [Northwest, and distributing literature explaining
the conditions upon which it might be obtained. Other literature was distributed
from the different exhibit spaces, on all of which was printed a notice inviting visitors
to call at the Canadian pavilion for information in regard to the 160 acres of free
land offered by the Canadian government.
Adjoining the immigration room, in the rear, was an alcove furnished with a series
of illuminated paintings showing the progress of the Northwest settler from his en-
trance upon the unbroken prairies, to his tenth year, as he appeared on his well culti-
vated farm and surrounded in his home with a handsome growth of trees. This exhibit
proved very valuable, not only in showing the yearly progress of the settler in his
general improvement, but in showing the growth of trees, a feature which attracted
a great deal of attention and provoked considerable inquiry, more especially from
those who had experienced the difficulty in growing trees in some sections of the Da-
kotas and other parts of the west, south of the Canadian line. The cost of these pnint-
ings and mounting them in so conspicuous a way in connection with our immigration
work, was in my opinion, more than justified in the great attention they received and
in the thousands of questions we were called upon to answer concerning the conditions
they so strikingly presented in the life and progress of a Canadian Northwest settler.
AGRICULTURE EXHIBIT.
For the agricultural exhibit in the palace of Agriculture, a space of 12.000 square
feet was secured. This was fully occupied with a varied exhibit of grains, grasses,
tobacco, roots and other natural products, together with a great variety of food products.
56 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
natural and manufactured. The central figure was a trophy of attractive design,
standing over 60 feet high, in vphich was artistically worked over three hundred varie-
ties of grain, grasses, fodder, plants, &c., and ornamented on the outer octagonal sides
with landscajje paintings showing herds of the leading breeds of cattle raised in the
Dominion, and decorated inside with paintings of every variety of native and domestic
plants known to the Northwest.
The paintings showing the cattle herds were a conspicuous advantage to the ex-
hibit, as they proved a great attraction and were very freel,y and favourably com-
mented upon by the American press and public. They not only added beauty, said a
prominent American, but they gave in a striking way an increased commercial value
to the exhibit.
On either side of this central trophy, is a pedestal of honey and maple sugar
respectively, and farther to the rear of the space attractive pyramids of grain in glass
jars, tobacco and a great variety of food products displayed in various ways. This
exhibit for its installation and comprehensive collection was awarded the grand prize,
three special prizes, thirteen gold medals, five silver medals and three bronze medals.
And for its general character and interpretation, it received many high enconiums
from the public. Col. R. jVT. Gi*een, of California, commissioner in charge of the Saere-
mento Valley exhibit, said of it : ' It embraces so much, and shows what the country
can do in a businesslike way ; it is the most sensible 'exhibit in the building, and can
teach our people some methods of doing business in that line.' Something to this
effect has been said by several state commissioners and superintendents of exhibits
in the same building.
HORTICULTURE EXHIBIT.
In the Palace of Horticulture, 8,000 square feet was secured and an exhibit de-
signed and installed that has attracted very general attention, and especially of people
from thie south and western states.
This exhibit was opend for inspection by the public on April 30, with 94 varieties
of apples in their natural state taken from cold storage, many other varieties preserved
in glass jars with antiseptic fluids, also over 30 varieties of pears, 70 varieties of
grapes, many varieties each of plums and peaches, and an almost endless collection
of small fruits, comprising strawberries, raspberries, gooseberries, currants, cran-
berries, and many varieties of vegetables preserved and exhibited in the same way.
At the back of this exhibit was conspicuously displayed a large painting showing
an apple inspection scene on the docks at Montreal, which attracted much attention, and
provoked many inquiries regarding the Canadian Inspection Act. The arrangement
and installation of this exhibit attracted much attention and favourable comment
throughout the season, and the varied collection of fruits shown, proved a great sur-
prise to many visitors who had not supposed that Canada was capable of producing
such fruits. The exhibit has accomplished much by way of dissipating an impression
too commonly held throughout the south and west of the United States, that Canada
was a cold country, and laid quite beyond the peach belt. For its quality and number
of apples, the Canadian exliibit was not surpassed by any other display in the horticul-
tural building.
Fresh fruits, as their season came in, were sent down from widely separated dis-
tricts of the Dominion, and their quality and appearance compared favourably with
similar varieties produced in other portions of America. This may be said especially
of the smaller fruits, grapes and peaches. When the awards were made, the Canadian
exhibit came in for a full share of the prizes, taking one grand prize for the large
and comprehensive collection of fruits shown, and another grand prize for the in-
stallation and artistic make-up of the exhibit.
MISCELLAXEOUt^ 57
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
MINES AND METALLURGY.
In the palace of Mines and Metallurgy 10,000 feet of space was occupied, and
the exliibit installed there has on the whole been more suriirising to the public than
any other display that Canada made at the fair.
In arranging the exhibit great care was taken to have everything easily accessible,
the table cases being arranged so that the contents could be seen from all sides.
The collection represented seven carloads of specimens, weighing in the aggre-
gate 150 tons. Large pyramids of nickel, cobalt-nickel-silver and arsenic, asbestos,
corundum, mica, iron, graphite and coal were shown. In addition to the pyramids,
there were 70 table cases containing minerals showing general distribution. These
cases were especially made for this exhibition, and are so constructed that they can
be takea apart and packed in boxes 3 feet 8 inches x 2 feet 8 inches x 6i inches.
The most striking and original feature of the exhibit was the large vault 14 feet
X 16 feet containing gold nuggets and gold dust from the Yukon. This va\ilt was
composed of minerals from the different provinces, and attracted universal attention
and admiration.
A systematic collection of gold dust and nuggets from British Columbia and the
Yukon, arranged by Dr. Haanel, Superintendent of Mines, was favourably commented
•upon. This exhibit consisted of 93 specimens put up in trays, each containing 1 oz.
of gold, with label attached showing assay value and location of claim.
Next to the gold exhibit the collection of asbestos from the Thetford and Black
Lake mines, province of Quebec, attracted the most interest. The exhibit weighed
over 12 tons, and all the mines in the district were represented.
The mica exhibit proved to be of much interest to visitors. This was the largest
exhibit of mica ever sent from Canada, one of the crystals, 3 feet 6 inches in
diameter, weighed over 700 lbs. Another specimen exhibited was nearly 7 feet in
length and 14 inches wide.
The exhibit of cobalt-nickel-arsenic and silver from New Ontario attracted much
attention, especially among scientists. This being the first cobalt ore found in paying
quantities on this continent, many inquiries were made about the deposit.
All the specimens were labelled with neat cards bearing the Dominion coat-of-
arms.
Much information was given as to mode of occurrence, extent of deposit, and
other particulars, in answer to inquiries about the following minerals : —
Molybdenite. Manganese.
Talc. Tripolite.
Magnesite. Gra})hite.
Asbestos. Building stones.
Mica. Grindstones.
Nickel and cobalt. Marble.
Chromite. Slates.
Zinc. Barite.
Copper. Felspar.
Iron. Scheelite.
Iron pyrites. Peat.
Silver. Arsenic.
Gold. Pitchblende.
The collection was the largest shown by any exhibitor in the mines building.
Panels showing mineral statistics and other information in regard to mining were
placed in prominent positions throughout the space.
Over 30.000 pamphlets and reports on mining in the Dominion were distributed.
58 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Many complimentary remarks were made by scientists and others on the general
arrangement of the exhibit, one of which we quote. Doctor Day, Chief of the Division
of Mining and Mineral Resources of the United States Geological Survey, and
Honorary Chief of the Department of Mines and Metallurgy, Louisiana Purchase
Exhibition, said :
' This exhibit of minerals is the best that I have ever seen from Canada, and I
have attended all the large exhibitions of recent years. Your plan of showing large
masses of workable ores impresses the people interested in mining, and is to be highly
commended.'
He also stated that the Canadian exhibit was the most representative collection
of economic minerals in the mines building.
The exhibit was awarded two grand prizes, twenty-seven gold medals, twenty-
seven silver medals and fourteen bronze medals.
FORESTRY^ FISH AND GAME.
In the forestry, fish and game building a space of 8,000 feet was secured and
occupied by Canada, and our exhibit there was one of unusual attraction. The main
figure was a rustic arch or double span bridge unique in its design, and in its con-
struction was worked over 3,000 varieties of wood, all grown in the Dominion. This
information was given to the public in a large gold-lettered panel placed on the side
of the bridge. On the bridge and under it, was arranged a collection of the finest
specimens of all the game to be found in the forest, plains and waters of British
America. Conspicuous in the collection were fine specimens of the white polar and
grizzly bear; brown and black bear, buffalo, musk ox, mountain goat, moose, elk, wolf,
beaver, and every variety of water fowl and fur-bearing animal known to the fowlers
and trappers. Of this exhibit it was said by Dr. Hough, of the Smithsonian Institute,
at Washington : ' The most attractive exhibit I ever saw at a world's fair,' and by a
wealthy and cultured lady from Virginia : ' How exquisitely beautiful.'
In the same building Canada occupied a space of 400 feet containing an artificial
pool of flowing water wherein sported a family of live Canadian beaver to the delight
of many hundreds of spectators daily.
In addition to the exhibit in the forestry, fish and game building, Canada made a
special display of her forest wealth in a building constructed for the purpose in the
rear of the Canadian pavilion, covering a floor space 50 x 100 feet. In this building
an effort was made to show the immense timber and pulpwood resources of Canada,
and the effort was successful in attracting a pretty general interest and a great deal
of inquiry. A pyramid of pulpwood (the only exhibit of the kind at the fair), was
erected in the centre of this building rising to a height of 25 feet. Set into this pyra-
mid were panels showing the different stages in the manufacture of pulp, first the chips,
then the coarse pulp reduced by acids from the chips, and lastly the pulp rolled into
sheets. In the general exhibit were sections of the Douglas fir from the Pacific coast,
sections of the great oak, elms, pines, cedare, maples, birch, ash, walnut, hickory, bass-
wood and every other variety of timber grown and used for manufacturing purposes in
Canada. Besides shown in rough sections, all of these varieties of timber were exhi-
bited in squared sections, in rough lumber, and lumber with surface planed and
polished. In addition to this a great variety of worked and bent wood was shown, such
as tool handles, sash, doors, and articles in which bent wood is used.
This exhibit, like several of the others, was plentifully supplied with panels giving
information regarding the extent of the timber and pulpwood areas of Canada, tha
annual output of each article, its annual consumption, &c., and came in for a full
share of grand prizes and other awards.
MISCELLANEOUS 59
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
GENERAL REMARKS.
It might be mentioned that in the installation of the Canadian exhibits at St.
Louis, fevery advantage was taken of the facilities at Ottawa, where a workshop came
in very useful in the preparation of some of the fixtures, stands and wooden structures
that were used. This effected a considerable saving in time and money, and gave em-
ployment to Canadian skill and labour, and to that extent expended some of the ap-
propriation at home.
To fully appreciate this point, it would be necessary to know something of the
labour conditions of St. Louis. We found the regulations among the labour unions
there very arbitraiy and vexatious. Unlike the union men in Canada, in St. Louis they
religiously abstained from working on a Saturday afternoon, but would work all day
Sunday at a double day's wages, and demand the same rate for every hour over eight
hours a day on all other days. The large contractors had nearly all the skilled and
efficient workmen bonused to stay with them, and that left all the lesser contracts de-
pendent upon a class of unskilled and incapable men, who the labour demand enabled
to rush in and join the unions and demand the same rate of wages paid to the skilled
workmen. This condition of affairs greatly retarded the work of construction and in-
stallation besides adding greatly to its cost.
To this condition of affairs there was but one alternative if the work was to pro-
ceed, and that was to offer a bonus in increased wages to skilled workmen as the large
contractors were doing. To this alternative we were compelled to resort, otherwise we
could not have had our installation completed in time for the opening of the fair.
The rate of wages demanded and paid was something, as follows : — For a skilled
mechanic or carpenter, 65 cents per hour; ordinary carpenter, 60 cents per hour, just
double those rates for Sunday and extra hours on week days. Bonused mechanics got
70 cents and 75 cents per hour, doubling on Sunday and extra hours.
Attractive literature descriptive of Canada and of the different exhibits was dis-
tributed from the various spaces occupied, and also from the Canadian pavilion. Over
500,000 pieces were distributed in this way, but so great was the demand that the supply
was exhausted more tnan a month before the close of the exposition. It is worthy
to note that students and school teachers were particularly desirous of obtaining any
matter descriptive of Canada, and we have information that in more than one case
the pamphlets were used as text-books by teachers among the students in the schools.
The newspapers of the country were very liberal and flattering in their comments
about Canada and her exhibits. From clippings which we were able to gather we feel
justified in saying that Canada received more free newspaper advertising in connection
with her exhibits than any other state or country officially represented at the expo-
sition.
In conclusion I beg to acknowledge the courtesies extended by the officials of the
exposition and all those with whom we came in contact in an unofficial way during
our residence in St. Louis. I also wish to give expression of my thanks to the staff
of the Canadian Commission, all of whom performed their respective duties in a most
competent manner.
Respectfully submitted,
W^L HUTCHISON,
Commissioner, Exhibition Branch,
St. Louis, Missouri,
November 15, 1904.
INDEX TO APPENDICES.
Page.
PUBLIC HEALTH.
Xo. 1. Keport of the Director General of Public Health, F. ^loutizambert, I.S.O..
M.D. Ed., F.R.C.S.E., D.C.L.
Dominion Department of Public Health 1
Deputy Minister by Statute 3
Bubonic Plague 3
Cholera 7
Small-pox 9
Yellow Fever 10
The Mosquito Transmission of Yellow Fever 11
Scarlet Fever 12
Beri-beri 13
Leprosy 15
Tuberculosis 19
Anti-typhoid inoculation 23
Japan's best victory 23
Formaldehyde disinfection : 25
Wireless Telegraphy 26
Congresses and Meetings 26
Inspection Duty 26
The Quarantine Stations, &c., Grosse Isle, Que 26
Halifax, X.S 27
St. John, X.B 27
Sydney, CB 27
■' '' Louisburg, CB 27
Chatham, X.B 27
" "' Charlottetown, P.E.I 27
William Head, B.C 27
" " Victoria, B.C 28
" " Vancouver, B.C 28
Temporary Frontier and Coast Inspection 28
The Xorthwest Territories 28
Yukon Territory 28
Leper Lazaretto, Tracadie, X.B 28
Public Works Health Act 28
MISCELLANEOUS.
Report of the Canadian Commission to the Louisiana Pnrrhase Exposition.
St. Louis, U.S.A., 1904 54
61
5-6 EDWARD VII.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
A 1906
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
CANADA
REPORT
OF THE
VETERINARY DIRECTOR GENERAL
J. G. RUTHERFORD, V.S.
1905
PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT
OTTAWA
PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST
EXCELLENT MAJESTY
1906
[No. 15a— 1906]
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a A 1906
REPORT OF THE VETERmARY DIRECTOR GENERAL
Health of Animals Branch,
Ottawa, March 31, 1906.
Sir. — I have the honour to present my report as Veterinary Director General for
the Dominion covering the period between November 1, 1904, and March 31, 1906.
I am glad to be able to state that this period has witnessed a considerable further
advance and improvement in the work of providing for the control of contagious
disease among animals.
The task of organizing a thoroughly effective veterinary sanitary service for a
country so vast in extent and with so wide a variety of climatic and economic condi-
tions affecting animal life, is however, far from an easy one and while reasonable pro-
gress is being made, much remains to be done before our work can be considered
to be, even approximately, on a satisfactory basis.
The nature of the duties performed by the officers of this branch is very fie-
quently such as to provoke adverse criticism from those members of the general stock
owning, and especially stock dealing public who, from want of thought or of experi-
ence regarding the disastrous effects of uncontrolled animal plagues, are inclined to
look upon veterinary inspection with an unfriendly eye. It is therefore gratifying
to be able to report that it has recently been my pleasant privilege to acknowledgo
a large number of expressions of grateful appreciation of our services emanating from
some of the largest and most important live stock associations in the Dominion, as
well as from many of the individuals with whom we have had official relations. This
is one of the most encouraging features of the situation, especially when taken in con-
junction with the prompt and cheerful responses accorded by parliament to your
repeated requests for increased funds to enable you to carry on the work in an
effective manner.
These evidences of appreciation not only of the importance of the work of this
branch of your department, but of the active and energetic policy for the suppression
and control of animal diseases which, with your approval, has now been adopted, have
had their due effect in stimulating the staff to renewed exertion, and I am again pleased
to be able to report that, with few exceptions, our inspectors have responded manfully
to the extra pressure placed upon them and that most of them show, in addition, a
marked improvement in method and technique.
The importance to the Dominion of having a thoroughly organized and competent
staff of veterinary inspectors, cannot be over-estimated.
The census returns of 1901, give the following figures as to the numbers of live
stock in Canada. The value as given here is based on Ontario average prices of 1903,
which, of course, include stallions, bulls, «S:c.
Horses 1,577,493 $261,863,838 00
Cattle .5,576,411 706,419,745 48
Sheep 2,511,239 21,872,891 69
Swine 2,353,838 50,254,441 30
. 12,018,981 1,040,410,916 47
15a- II
4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
These statistics speak for themselves and, in view of the progress made during the
last five years in every branch of agriculture, including the live stock industry, there
can be do doubt that the figures then given are now largely exceeded. The unpreced-
ented influx of settlers to the western provinces and the large importations of live
stock, made by them or for their use, have greatly augmented the numbers of animals
in Canada while the brisk demand for all kinds of marketable stock and especially
those for breeding purposes has forced what, though perhaps in one sense, artificial,
may for lack of a more lucid term, be called the natural increase, far beyond the
usual rate.
\Vlien it is remembered that all this immensely valuable property is constantly
in danger of serious depreciation or even total destruction from one or other of the
various plagues to which the domesticated animals are unfortunately subject, it must
be admitted that the expenditure of this branch of your department, while for var-
ious reasons, considerably larger than formerly, is still trifling in proportion to the
interests which it exists to conserve.
An earnest endeavour has been made to keep pace with the rapid development of
the country and the large increase in its live stock interests.
A number of new inspectors have been engaged, and, to as great an extent as
possible, personally instructed in their various duties. In this connection, I would say
that great care is necessary in the selection of these men. The fact of a man being
an experienced or skilful practitioner is no guarantee of his suitability for sanitary
work. To fill the position acceptably, a veterinary inspector must have certain attri-
butes often lacking in the ordinary veterinarian, and it is no easy matter to find in-
dividuals who, while capable professionally, are also possessed of these special qualifi-
cations which include, among others, tact, suavity, integrity, and above all else, sound
common sense.
For various obvious reasons it is not desirable, except under special circumstances,
to employ as inspectors veterinarians engaged in general practice.
The men best suited for the work are recent graduates of good class, having the
various qualities mentioned above, not yet narrowed by local practice, sufficiently
well equipped as to general education, to be able to comprehend the scientific details
of modern sanitary and preventive work, and if possible without encumbrances which
may hinder their rapid transfer from place to place as outbreaks of disease or chang-
ing conditions in this vast country demand.
Such men are scarce in any country, and in Canada perhaps especially so, for
reasons on which I need not here dwell.
When once secured and properly trained, a good veterinary inspector is a valuable
asset and should be treated accordingly. He must be paid sufficiently well to induce
him to remain in the service, and to improve himself with a view to promotion, and he
must be guaranteed permanent employment. In most other countries, notably in the
United States, veterinary inspectors are required to pass a qualifying examination
before being appointed. After appointment and proof of ability to render satisfactory
service, they are permanent employees and cannot be removed except for just cause.
The adoption of some such system in Canada would be a great advantage to the
service and, through it, to the large and rapidly growing live stock interests of the
country.
As in previous years my own time has been very fully occupied, not only in develrp-
ing and systematizing the work of the branch, but in looking closely after the numer-
ous details of its actual operation and the expenditure of the comparatively large
sums which have been required in carrying out the policy of compensation adopted
in 1904.
While endeavouring to spend as much time as possible in Ottawa, I have found it
necessary to make a number of rapid trips to various parts of the Dominion where
existing conditions rendered my personal attention advisable. Among these may
be mentioned three visits to Western Canada, two of which were extended to the Paci-
HEALTH OF ANIMALS j 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
fie coast, as also a visit to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. In addition to these
lengthy journeys a number of hurried trips were made to various districts in Ontario
and Quebec, due to circumstances arising in connection with my official duties. I also
visited with your authority, the capitals of the United States and of Mexico for the
purpose of discussing with the officials of these countries, occupying positions similar
to my own, various matters of mutual interest pertaining to the regulation of inter-
national live stock trade. These latter journeys are more fully dealt with in other
sections of this report.
Among the important occurrences of the past seventeen months may be mentioned
the amendment of the regulations re glanders which by Order in Council of March
25th, 1904, were altered so as to provide for payment of compensation to owners for
horses showing clinical symptoms of that disease, when slaughtered by order of a pro-
perly authorized veterinary inspector.
A somewhat serious outbreak of sheep scab in Western Ontario, which was dis-
covered during the winter of 1904-05, rendered necessary the adoption of active
measures for the suppression of that disease and the issuing of entirely new regulations
for its control. A full account of this outbreak will be found elsewhere. Meanwhile
I am glad to be able to report that our efforts to secure its eradication appear to have
been entirely successful.
The prevalence of hog-cholera having been greatly lessened by the active policy
followed since 1902, it was decided, with your approval, to relax to some extent the
stringency of the restrictions governing the removal of fat hogs from the quarantined
area in the counties of Kent, Essex and Lambton, and a departmental order with that
object was accordingly issued on May 1. As may be seen from the special report further
on, this disease would appear to be, for the present at least, fairly well under
control, although there exists a constant risk of its re-introduction from the infected
areas in the United States. To guard as far as possible against such contingencies,
new regulations governing the transit trade in hogs, as well as their importation for
any purpose, have been brought into eflfect.
In pursuance of the policy adopted in 1904, and in compliance with the expressed
wishes of the Western Stock Growers' Association, as well as of many individual
owners, it was decided to again enforce the compulsory dipping of cattle in the area
quarantined for mange in Alberta and Southwestern Saskatchewan. An order to that
effect was, therefore, issued on July 11th, which, together with a full statement of the
work performed, will be found in the special report on this disease.
The results of the investigation into the nature and causes of Pictou cattle disease
which has, since October, 1903, been in progress at Antigonish, N.S., are of such a
nature as to show clearly that this malady is not only non-contagious, but is due to
the ingestion of the weed known as Senecio Jacobaea, Ragwort or Stinking Willy. So
clearly has this been demonstrated that I felt myself justified in recommending to you
the discontinuance of the policy of slaughter and compensation which has been followed
by the departy'T.^nt since 1882.
I have furnished a brief resume of the work done, while the full reports of Dr.
Pethick, the officer charged with the conduct of the experiments, will be found
interesting.
I regret to say that the disease of horses known as Maladie du Coit or Dourine,
is still giving me much anxiety. As previously reported, its existence in Canada was
first brought to my notice in March, 1904, when a number of animals near Lethbridge
were reported to be suffering from a peculiar form of venereal disease. Since that
time the disease has appeared in several other districts in Alberta, and although much
attention had been devoted to the work of control and eradication, and some progress
has been made, the conditions prevailing among horses on the range, are such as to
render the task of dealing with it in a satisfactory manner one of extreme difficulty.
A detailed report of our efforts in this direction is printed herewith.
6 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
At St. John, N.B., and at Halifax, N.S., work is now m progress on new. quaran-
tine stations, which, when completed, will render the importation of animals via these
ports much safer and more convenient than in the past. At other coast points and at
many ports of entry along the international boundary between Canada and the United
States, conditions as regards live stock inspection have been greatly improved, in some
cases by the erection of buildings or yards and in others by the appointment of officers,
As will be seen from the detailed account of this branch of the work, our system is
still far from perfect, although showing a considerable advance on former conditions.
Some changes have been made in the staff and a number of new inspectors have
entered the service.
Dr. George Hilton, formerly of Manitoba, has been appointed chief assistant at
Ottawa, where during my absence he has controlled the work of the branch in a very
satisfactory and efficient manner.
In Quebec the only new appointment to the salaried staff is that of Dr. Etienne,
formerly of St. Hyacinthe, now of Montreal, who has been steadily employed in en-
forcing the provisions of the Animal Contagious Diseases Act in the rural districts of
Quebec.
In Ontario, Dr. Orchard, formerly our officer at Windsor, has been appointed
travelling inspector of live stock cars and yards for the province, this work having
been divided on Mr. M. Auger's leaving the service. Dr. F. A. Jones has taken over
tlie duties of inspector at Windsor, while Messrs. T. G. Ferris and Thos Yates, have
been appointed to enforce the new regulations governing the movement of transit
stock. At Sarnia, where the duties are much less onerous, this new work is performed
by Dr. Brown, our veterinary inspector, in consideration of an increase in salary.
In Manitoba, Dr. C. D. McGilvray was appointed chief inspector when the control
of contagious diseases was transferred by the provincial authorities to this branch in
February, 1905. Owing to pressure of work Dr. J. P. Molloy was also added to the
salaried staff in September last.
In the Northwest Territories, now comprising the new provinces of Saskatchewan
and Alberta, the work of the branch is still being performed under the supervision of
the Commissioner of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, with the assistance of the
veterinary surgeons of that force now numbering eighteen, and of Drs. Hargrave, of
Medicine Hat, and Warnock, of Pincher Creek, the latter being a new appointment, as
well as of several other civilian practitioners who are employed on fees as occasion
demands. Th6 large importations of live stock, the extraordinary development of the
country coupled with its enormous extent, and the difficulties experienced in dealing
with animals under range conditions, make the task of controlling contagious disease
in the west one of extreme difficulty. In spite of the best efforts of our officers it is
impossible even with our present largely increased staff, to cover the ground in such
a way as to visit all suspicious cases reported, as promptly as is desirable. While
our present expenditure in the west is undoubtedly very large, I am convinced of the
necessity of employing a greater number of salaried inspectors than we now have.
For various and obvious reasons, I am not in favour of the appointment as inspectors
of veterinarians engaged in private practice, especially in view of the important duties
now devolving upon officers engaged in putting into effect the present policy of
slaughter and compensation followed in dealing with glanders and maladie du coit.
In British Columbia, Dr. Tolmie continues to perform in an eminently satisfac-
tory manner the duties of chief inspector for the province. Since the date of my last
report, several changes have taken place in the personnel of the staff under his controL
In May, 1905, Dr. D. Tamblyn took charge of the work at Midway and Grand
I "orks, formerly performed by Dr. C. M. Henderson, who has left the service of the
department. The largely increased international traffic at the first mentioned point,
due to the construction of the V. V. & E. railway, rendered necessary the appoint-
ment of another inspector, and in August, 1905, Dr. J. W. Franlc, was added to the
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 7
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
staff and stationed at Grand Forks. About the same time the transfer of Dr. Hadwen
to take charge of the new experiment station at Lethbridge created a vacancy at Nelson
which was filled by the appointment of Dr. E. C. Oliver formerly on the veterinary
staff of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, and our inspector at Cardston, Alberta.
To check importations via the Okanagan and Similkameen Valleys it was found neces-
sary to station an inspector at Osoyoos and in April, 1905, Dr. D. Coristine, also an
ex-veterinarian of the Mounted Police and an experienced inspector was placed there,
being at the same time appointed sub-collector of Customs.
At New Westminster, the resignation of Dr. Hart, in December, 1904, rendered
another appointment necessary, and an arrangement was effected whereby Dr. J. W.
Bland, formerly inspector for the Port of Vancouver, took charge, at an increased
salary, of the work in the New Westminster district also.
A serious outbreak of glanders in the city of Vancouver, and a somewhat similar
occiirrence in the Okanagan Valley necessitated the appointment of several additional
inspectors. These were mostly found among the veterinarians practising in the pro-
vince, the only exceptions being Dr. Jermyn, formerly in the service in this branch in
Alberta, who at the date of the outbreak was relieving Dr. Coristine, of Osoyoos,
temporarily incapacitated through illness, and Dr. Wm. Lawson, of Dundas, Ontario,
who, in December, accompanied Dr. Moore, to Vancouver,
In Yukon Territory the work of inspection is performed by two veterinarians
of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, under the supervision of the assistant com-
missioner commanding in that district. ■ To guard against the danger of introducing
disease from Alaska, authority was granted in November, 1905, to rent a stable at
Forty Mile for purposes of quarantine, the non-commissioned officer of police at that
point being placed in charge at a small remuneration.
HOG CHOLERA.
It is gratifying to be able to report a further improvement in the condition of
affairs as regards the prevalence of hog cholera in the Dominion and especially in the
eastern provinces. Strict adherence to a definite policy in dealing with this trouble-
some malady has enabled us to almost completely stamp it out, so far as outbreaks
elsewhere than in the quarantined area are concerned. In the area referred to, which
comprises a number of townships in the counties of Essex and Kent, and the Indian
reserve known as Walpole Island, in the county of Lambton, the number of outbreaks
which have occurred since the date of my last report has been so small, compared with
the records of previous years, that there is good ground for the hope that it will be
possible to remove, at the close of tne present season, even the slight restrictions still
maintained against the movement therefrom of hogs for purposes other than immediate
slaughter. As the disease has been gradually brought under control the restrictions
have, from time to time, been made correspondingly less stringent until at the present
time they interfere to a very slight extent with the general trade in hogs, although
they still bear somewhat hardly on one or two individuals who are engaged in raising
pure bred animals, the only available market for which is, as matters now stand, within
the quarantined area.
No change was made in the restrictions from the date of my last report until
May, 1905, when the following ministerial order was issued: —
Dominion of Canada,
Department of Agriculture.
Notice is hereby given that under the provisions of the Animal Contagious
Diseases Act, 1903, I do hereby declare that my order of date, March 7th, 1904, and
amendments thereto regulating the movement of hogs into or out of the quarantined
area comprising certain townships in the counties of Kent and Essex, and the island
8 DEPARTMENT OF^AORICULTVBE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
known as Walpole Island in the county of Lambton, are hereby rescinded and the
following substituted therefor.
' On and after May 15, 1905, the movement o'f live hogs from the area comprising
the townships of Camden, Howard, Harwich, Chatham, Raleigh, Dover East and
West, and Tilbury East in the county of Kent, Tilbury West, Tilbury North, Eoches-
{er and Maidstone in the covmty of Essex, and the island known as Walpole island
in the county of Lambton, is forbidden, except under the following conditions : —
' 1. All shipments of live hogs from the said district must be consigned direct
to a slaughter-house or packing-house equipped with the proper facilities for the
slaughter and detention of such hogs in a manner satisfactory to the inspectors of
this department.
* 2. Shippers must notify the nearest inspector not less than forty-eight hours
I-reviously of the exact time and place of intended shipment.
* 3. Each carload or part thereof of such shipments must be accompanied by a
certificate of inspection signed by one of the authorized inspectors of this department,
stating that the hogs comprising such carload, or part thereof, are free from disease
and in every way fit for immediate slaughter.
' 4. All cars used for the conveyance of such shipments must be cleansed and dis-
infected in a manner satisfactory to the inspectors of this department after being
unloaded and before being again used for the conveyance of animals or other articles,
and all waybills accompanying such shipments shall have written across the face
thereof a notification that the said cars are to be cleansed and disinfected in the
manner aforesaid.
' Information regarding inspectors, necessary notifications and other details may
be obtained from M. B. Perdue, veterinary inspector, Chatham.
' Owners and shippers of hogs are earnestly requested to assist the officers of this
department in the proper enforcement of this order.
' (Signed) Sydney Fisher,
Minister of Agriculture.
' Ottawa, May 1, 1905.'
At the same time authority was given to a number of veterinarians, living in prox-
imity to railway stations within the district described, to inspect and grant certifi-
cates for shipments of hogs, when fulfilling the requirements of the order.
Several isolated outbreaks have occurred in places outside of this area, and in
these it has been difficult to account for the origin of infection. It is possible, how-
ever, that the disease was conveyed by cars previously used for the carriage of Amer-
ican hogs, although every possible precaution was adopted to lessen the danger from
this source. What would, in all probability, have proved a most serious outbreak was
narrowly averted in November, 1904, when the disease made its appearance in the
Quarantine station at Point Edward among hogs returning from the St. Louis Exposi-
tion. On this occasion 4 valuable animals died while 27 had to be slaughtered in
quarantine, and while the loss was heavy, it was trifling in comparison with that which
would have probably followed had the animals in question been permitted to proceed
direct to the establishments of their owners.
While on the subject of infection from American sources, I may say that the
theory advanced last year as to the origin of outbreaks occurring in British Columbia,
viz., the infection of the Calgary stock yards by hogs unloaded there when in transit
from Minnesota to Seattle, has received striking corroboration. Through Dr. Tolmie,
our chief inspector in British Columbia, it has been ascertained that the animals in
question were found to be diseased on reaching their destination, thus completing the
chain of evidence set forth in my last report.
■ I regret to say that the disease still lingers in the Pacific province, for while it has
apparently been stamped out on Vancouver island it has repeatedly appeared on the
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 9
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
mainland near the coast. These outbreaks, while difficult to trace, are so far as I
can judge, due to importations from across the line. One outbreak was dealt with in
Yukon Territory, the affected animals having been taken from near Mission Junction,
British Columbia.
In April, 1905, a number of Canadian packing houses began the importation of
American hogs for slaughter in bond, advancing as a reason for so doing the scarcity
and consequent high price of Canadian raw material. This new departure called for
prompt action with a view to reducing the risk of introducing infection to the lowest
possible point. As most of the purchases were made in Buffalo and Detroit an in-
spector was stationed at the former place, while at the latter animals were examined
l)y our regular officer at Windsor. Hogs bought in Chicago were inspected at Port
Huron before entering Canada. The adoption of this plan obviated the necessity of
inspecting at the frontier with the consequent risk of infection through other ani-
mals using the yards and chutes on the Canadian side, while it, at the same time,
gave our officers a better chance to reject doubtful animals, or those which were or
had been in contact with diseased stock. Shipments had to be loaded in clean cars
fitted with ten-inch bottom boards, and could be consigned direct only to packing
houses and slaughter houses. Arrangements were made for the thorough cleansing
and disinfection of all such cars immediately after being unloaded at destination
points, and although this precaution involved a great deal of extra correspondence
and other work, it was apparently well worth the trouble taken to insure its thorough
■enforcement. While, as suggested above, this trade may have been responsible for
some of the few outbreaks which occurred in unusual places, it is gratifying to be
able to report that, so far as destination points are concerned, I am not aware of any
cases of hog cholera having been detected either as a result of the importations or
otherwise. That the trade was accompanied by serious risk is, however, beyond ques-
tion, and I was greatly relieved by the decision reached in December, to forbid alto-
gether the importation of American hogs for slaughter. At the same time the period
of quarantine was very properly increased from fifteen to thirty days, while further
restrictions as to certificates of health were enforced on importers.
In order to lessen the risk by infection through the heavy transit trade in hogs
from western points to Buffalo and elsewhere, it was decided early in the season to
adopt more stringent regulations for its control, and the following orders were ac-
cordingly issued: —
' REGULATIONS REGARDING TRANSPORTATION OF ANUIaLs BETWEEN CANADA AND THE
UNITED STATES.
' By Departmental Order in virtue of Order in Council March 30th, 190k-
' 1. All stock cars intended for the conveyance of animals from any point in
Canada to the United States, or for transit through United States territory to any
•other part of Canada, must be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected before such ani-
mals are placed therein.
' 2. All cars conveying animals into Canada from the United States, whether such
animals are intended for points in Canada or for transit to some other part of the
United States, must be inspected, and unless found in a clean and sanitary condition,
will be returned to the United States.
' 3. All empty stock cars, whether of Canadian origin or not, entering Canada
from the United States must, if not already showing evidence of having been so
treated, be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected to the satisfaction of the inspectors
of this department, otherwise they will be returned to the United States.
' 4. Stock cars which have conveyed animals from the United States to points in
Canada must be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected immediately after being un-
loaded, and before being returned to the country whence they came.
10 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906
"5. Animals intended for export to the United States, or for passage in bond
through that country for export to other countries, may be inspected at such points
and under such conditions as the minister may from time to time order.
' 6. After May 31, 1905, all cars conveying swine from the United States into
Canada, whether intended for transit to some other part of the United States, or to
points in Canada, must be fitted with ten-inch foot boards in a manner satisfactory to
the inspectors of this department.
' This regulation shall not apply to swine which have undergone the period of
quarantine provided for in section 45 of the order in council of March 30, 1904.
' 7. The practice of douching or drenching with water United States hogs, or ca;rs
containing United States hogs, while in transit through Canada is strictly prohibited.
' 8. United States hogs while in transit through Canada must not be unloaded
from cars containing them on any pretext whatever.
' 9. Any animal dying from any cause whatever when in transit through Canada
from one point in the United States to another point in that country, must not be
removed from the car in which it died while in Canadian territory.
' J. G. Rutherford,
' Veterinary Director General.'
'Health of Animals Branch,
'Department of Agriculture,
' Ottawa.'
To Whom it may Concern:
' Under the authority of section 67 of the Quarantine Regulations authorized by
Order in Council, 30th March, 1904, I hereby give notice that all hogs entering Can-
ada for transit and all cars conveying such hogs must be inspected by the inspectors
of this department immediately after entering Canadian Territory. Any cars contain-
ing hogs showing evidence of disease and any cars which are dirty or which do not, in
the opinion of the inspector, meet in every ;way the requirements of the regulations
of this department are to be immediately returned to the United States.
' All inspections, as provided above, must be made between the hours of 8 a.m.
and 4 p.m.
'GEO. F. O'EALLORAN,
Deputy Minister.'
' Department of Agriculture,
Ottawa, April 10th, 1905.'
As I was and am convinced that, under ordinary conditions, it is impossible to
examine at night in a satisfactory manner, cars of hogs or other stock without much
better lighting facilities than are to be found in the average railway yard, the hours
of inspection were fixed as above to avoid the necessity of changing them several
times in each year as the period of daylight increases or diminishes. The new regu-
lations evoked a good deal of hostile criticism, but as the interests involved were of
the first importance it was not deemed advisable to recede from the position taken.
An offer made by the Michigan Central Railway Company to supply special lighting
facilities was accepted on condition that the arrangement proposed was found to work
satisfactoril3^ After a thorough trial the regulations were amended so as to provide
night inspection for any company furnishing satisfactory lighting facilities. In order
to meet the requirements of the traffic under these conditions, it was necessary to
appoint a second inspector at Windsor, since which time everything appears to have
been managed without friction.
The following figures show the progress which has been made in controlling the
ravages of hog cholera. It will be noted that there have been during the last seven-
teen months very few outbreaks in Ontario. The prevalence of the disease in British
HEALTH OF ANIMALS H
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Columbia is attributed to an entirely different source of contagion, and should not,
therefore, be debited against the work of the department in the older provinces.
November 1st, 1901— October 31st, 1902—
Outbreaks.
313
Province.
Ontario. .
November 1st, 1902— October 31st, 1903—
Outbreaks.
344
■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ '' .'.'.'.'' 10
ttC^"^"^^^ • ^
British Columbia
Province.
Ontario. .
Quebec.
360
November 1st, 1903— October 31st, 1904—
Province.
Ontario
Outbreaks.
. 121
3
Quebec
British Columbia
151
November 1st, 1904— October 31st, 1905—
Province.
Ontario
Quebec
British Columbia
Yukon
Outbreaks.
. 46
1
4
1
52
November 1st, 1905— March 31st, 1906—
Province.
Ontario
British Columbia ^^
Outbreaks.
4
30
Compensation paid in fiscal year 1901-02 $15,962 97
" « 1902-03 36,029 75
u ii " 1903-04 21,352 35
" « « 1904-05 7,042 73
« 1st haH of " 1905-06 839 34
In considering the reduction in the amount of compensation paid it should not be
forgotten that since August, 1904, the rate paid has been two-thirds of the value of
the animal whether actually diseased or only in contact, while f ormer y only one-third
was paid for diseased animals, to which class the great majority of those slaughtered
belonged. Were it not for this fact the expenditure would be even less than it is.
12
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
No. of
Outbreaks.
No. of Hogs
Destroyed.
13
349
4
95
1
2
^5
28
1
40
22
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Hog cholera statistics for the 12 months ended Octoher 31, 1905 :
In Ontario 1,031 hogs, valued at $7,292.98, were destroyed, in the following coun-
ties, at a cost of $4,862.24:—
County of Kent —
Harwich Township
Howard "
Tilbury "
Chatham "
Dover "
County of Middlesex —
Caradoc Township
County of Essex —
Rochester Township. . . .
Sandwich " . . . ,
Gosfield
Maidstone " ...
Coil Chester " ...
Anderdon " ...
Caldwell
County of Wentworth —
Grimsby Township
County of Oxford —
East Zorra Township. . .
County of Lennox —
Camden Township
Pt. Edward — Quarantine.
7
109
2
48
2
81
4
107
1
2
1
16
1
30
41
10
1
27
46
1,031
In Quebec there was an outbreak (somewhat doubtful) at Port Daniel West,
Oaspe, where 2 hogs were destroyed, at a cost of $26.
In British Columbia there were 4 outbreaks, all on Vancouver Island, where 42
animals, valued at $261, were slaughtered at a cost of $174.
In the Yukon there was one outbreak at Dawson, where 35 animals, valued at
$525, were destroyed at a cost of $350.
Hog cholera statistics for the 5 months ended March 31, 1906 :
In Ontario 54 hogs, valued at $609, were destroyed in the following counties,
at a cost of $405.99 :—
Wentworth County, Aneaster To^vnship.
Wellington County, Guelph Township .
Essex County, Gosfield Township
4 54
In British Columbia there were 26 outbreaks, 2 on Vancouver Island, and 24 in
Chilliwack and Xew Westminster district, in which 322 hogs, valued at $1,954.80,
were slaughtered at a cost of $1,303.12.
The following general regulations for the control of the disease were authorized
by Order in Council, 6th December, 1904 : —
No. of
)utbreak3.
No. of Hogs
Destroyed.
1
1
2
25
2
27
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 13
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
' 1. Every owner, breeder or importer of, or dealer in, hogs shall, on perceiving
the appearance of hog cholera or swine plague amongst the hogs owned by him, or
■under his special care, give immediate notice to the Minister of Agriculture, and to
the nearest veterinary inspector of the Department of Agriculture, of the facts dis-
covered by him as aforesaid.
' 2. Every veterinary surgeon practising in Canada shall immediately, on ascer-
taining or suspecting that a hog is affected with hog cholera or swine plague, give
similar notice to the minister and to the nearest veterinary inspector.
* 3. In the Northwest Territories, the notice required to be given by the two pre-
ceding sections of these regulations shall be deemed sufficient if given to the commis-
sioner, assistant commissioner, or other officer of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police,
or to one of the veterinary staff-sergeants of the said force.
' 4. Hogs affected with hog cholera or swine plague, or which have been in con-
tact with or close proximity to hogs affected with either of the said diseases, shall, on
an order signed by a duly appointed inspector of the Department of Agriculture, be
forthwith slaughtered and the carcases disposed of as in such order prescribed.
' 5. The Minister of Agriculture is hereby authorized to order compensation to
be paid to the owners of such hogs at the rate set forth in sub-section 2 of section 12
of the " Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903 " as amended by chapter 6 of the
statutes of 1904.
' 6. Before ordering compensation to be paid to the owners of hogs slaughtered
under the provisions of these regulations, the minister shall require the production of
a satisfactory report, order for slaughter, certificate of valuation and slaughter, and
certificate of cleansing and disinfection.
' 7. No hog which has been affected with, or has been exposed to hog cholera or
swine , plague, shall be permitted to run at large, or to come in contact with any hog
which is not so affected.
' 8. Any veterinary inspector or other duly authorized person may declare to be
an infected place within the meaning of the " Animal Contagious Diseases Act,
1903," any common, field, stable, cowshed, or other place or premises where the infec-
tion of hog cholera or swine plague is known or suspected to exist.
' 9. No hog shall be removed out of a place declared to be infected on account of
hog cholera or swine plague, without a license signed by an inspector or other duly
authorized person.
' 10. Every yard, stable, hog pen or other place or premises, and every wagon,
cart, carriage, or other vehicle, and every utensil or other tning infected with hog
cholera or swine plague shall be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected by and at the
expense of the owner or occupier in a manner satisfactory to a veterinary inspector
or other duly authorized person.
* J. G. Rutherford,
' Veterinary Director General/
' Department of Agriculture, Ottawa.'
TUBERCULOSIS.
No change has so far been made in the policy of the department regarding tuber-
culosis. Cattle imported from the United States for breeding purposes or milk pro-
duction, if accompanied by a satisfactory tuberculin test chart, signed by an officer
of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, are placed in quarantine and tested.
The same rule is applied to cattle of similar classes imported from Mexico. Cattle
'of any kind coming from other countries are tested in quarantine. The animals com-
prising a few herds which are placed entirely under the control and supervision of
our officers are tested by and at the expense of the department. Our officers test cattle
exported to the United States when intended for breeding purposes or for milk pro-
14 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
duction. With these exceptions no testing with tuberculin is now undertaken officially,
although it is supplied free to qualified veterinarians when employed by owners of
cattle, on condition that the results of all tests made by them are sent in to the depart-
ment on forms supplied for that purpose.
All reacting animals are permanently ear-marked by cutting a capital T out of
the right ear.
In a considerable number of instances advantage has been taken of this offer, as
may be seen from the fact that in the seventeen months which have elapsed since the
date of my last report 7,721 doses of tuberculin have been issued from the biological
laboratory.
It may be said, and with some show of reason, that the policy at present pursued
by the department in regard to this insidious and destructive disease, is less active
than it should be. While admitting that appearances would so indicate, I would say
that my reason for counselling the policy of comparative inertia now being followed
is that so far no satisfactory intelligent method of dealing with bovine tuberculosis
has been evolved, and that I consider it better to await the results of the investiga-
tions now being conducted by scientists in different parts of the world, rather than to
inaugurate a campaign along any of the various lines hitherto adopted, none of which
have proved successful, and almost all of which have been abandoned after a more or
less severe trial of public patience and a corresponding drain on public and private
purses.
Since tuberculin was first introduced many communities have passed legislation
regarding its use, which, after being enforced for a longer or shorter period, and
causing more or less irritation and consequent agitation, has in most cases been
repealed, having entirely failed in accomplishing the object desired. It was thought
for many years, and by some men who should have known better, that if a herd of cattle
was tested, the reactors destroyed and the premises disinfected, the disease was stamped
out, the owner being left, thereafter, to follow his own courses. As I have maintained
in previous reports, such a theory is absolutely wrong and untenable. Repeated experi-
ments have shown that from 8 to 50 days may elapse after infection before it is pos-
sible to obtain from the animal a reaction to tuberculin. This being the case it goes
without saying that frequent and repeated tests are necessary before it is safe to pro-
nounce free from tuberculosis any herd which has been once infected. For example,
in a herd of 100 cattle 25 are found to react to the first test. In such a case the theory
was that the 75 which did not react were perfectly sound and safe. It must be remem-
bered, however, that these 75 cattle have been living, and that in probably very close
contact, with the 25 reactors. Under these circumstances it is almost certain that a
second test in three months will bring to light a number of cases of tuberculosis which
had not developed at the time of the first test to a sufficient extent to produce a re-
action. We will say, for the sake of illustration, that these cases are ten in number,
and that the remaining 65 still fail to react. Again, however, these 65 animals have
been in contact with the 10 now shown to be diseased, and further tests will be re-
quired before the herd can be finally declared healthy. The same thing applies in the
case of new cattle purchased to fill the places of those slaughtered, or for other rea-
sons. A test prior to purchase while to some extent a safeguard, does not by any
means constitute a guarantee of soundness. Even where the sharp practises followed
by some sellers have not been brought into play, the newly purchased animal, if coming
from an infected herd, must be looked upon with suspicion until its freedom from
tuberculosis has been proved by a second test three months after purchase. This being
the case it is necessary, in order to prevent the introduction of infection, to isolate
carefully all newly purchased cattle during the period of probation. No one is more
firmly convinced than myself of the value of tuberculin as a diagnostic agent, but it
is subject to the limitation mentioned above, as well as to several others, among which
may be mentioned the fraudulent methods adopted by many owners to prevent the
occurrence of a typical reaction.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 15
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
The old plan of injecting tuberculin a few days before the time fixed for the test,
and thus nullifying the work of the inspecting veterinarian was troublesome and in
some cases expensive. It has also now largely lost its value as an agency for cheating
through the discovery made by Professor Valle, of Alfort, that a reaction is actually
obtainable even where tuberculin has been used only a short time previous, provided
that taking of temperatures is commenced two hours after injection and continued
until the usual time. Its place has, however, been taken by the much more, cunning,
and not less disreputable, practice of administering one or other of the coal tar anti-
pyretics combined, as a rule, for safety's sake, with other drugs, to such animals as
are known to be tuberculous or which begin to show a rise in temperature when
undergoing the test. It is scarcely possible to deceive an experienced and wide-awake
inspector by this scheme, but comparatively easy to hoodwink the veterinarian who
depends largely on his thermometer and pays no attention to the clinical symptoms
which invariably accompany and accentuate a marked reaction to tuberculin.
While believing firmly in tuberculin when honestly used as a diagnostic agent and
for specific and definite purposes, I maintain that in consideration of the foregoing
facts and of the many other difficulties to be encountered, it is better to wait i:ntil we
are sure of achieving reasonable results and so making some progress in the eradi-
cation of tuberculosis, before we decide upon any policy which would involve universal
or promiscuous testing. Meanwhile, no effort should be spared to induce owners of
cattle to adopt every possible and reasonable means of combating the disease by prac-
tical common sense methods.
The Bang system which is followed by Senator Edwards and several of our other
large breeders, and which has fi'equently been fully described in previous reports, has
much to recommend it and should be more generally adopted than it is.
Within the reach of every man, however, and at the lowest possible cost, there
lies the best and most effective agent yet discovered for the eradication of tuberculosis.
Of infinitely greater value than tuberculin and much more easy of administration is
a plentiful supply of fresh air. If there is one matter to-day in which veterinarians
are behind the age it is that of failing to insist at all times, in season and out of
season, on the importance to live stock of thorough and effective stable ventilation.
Having before us the object lesson afforded by the medical profession and the marvel-
lous results which its members are achieving by open air treatment, not only helping,
but actually curing advanced cases of tuberculosis, to say nothing of checking the
disease, as is now daily done, in its early stages, it is nothing short of disgraceful
that we are yearly permitting thousands of valuable animals to become infected owing
to the unsanitary conditions under which their owners insist on keeping them. Of
the truth of this contention, which is, perhaps, at first sight, rather sweeping, there
is no lack of proof. In northern countries where cattle are generally closely housed
and where a proper system of ventilation is the exception and not the rule, we almost
invariably find bovine tuberculosis rampant. In milder climates where animals have
free access to fresh air, as for instance among the Hereford cattle in England, it is
a rare thing to find a case of that disease. On the ranges tuberculosis is unknown
except where it has been introduced by some pampered stable bred individual, and
even such a one is more likely to recover than to die, provided the malady is not too
far advanced and the first winter can be endured. To put the case plainly, stockmen
are breeding tuberculosis a great deal faster through neglect of this important subject
of ventilation than it would ever be possible to stamp it out by the promiscuous use
of tuberculin and the slaughter of diseased animals.
While holding these views, I am keeping close watch on the work of Von Behring,
IVIoFadyean. Thomassen, Marmoreck and others in Europe, and Pearson, of Penn-
sylvania, who are devoting themselves to the task of finding some new and more
effective method of dealing with the disease than has yet been made available. So
far, in spite of all reports to the contrary, nothing has been achieved by their re-
searches which would, in my opinion, warrant a change in our present attitude.
16 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Meanwhile I am, with your approval, carrying on two experiments which, though
conducted at a very trifling cost, will, I hope, be productive of results of considerable
value to the stock-owning public.
The first, which is being managed by Mr. J. H. Grisdale, Agriculturist at the
Central Experimental Farm, consists in the housing of a number of healthy cattle
under conditions which, while affording absolute protection from draughts, insure at
all times a plentiful supply of pure air. The object sought is to determine whether
or not the high temperature generally insisted on by dairymen and cattle-feeders has
the effect, with which it is usually credited, of maintaining a higher yield of milk in
cows and a more rapid laying on of flesh in fattening stock than is the case when
warmth is to some extent sacrificed in the interests of ventilation. Owing to the
exceptional mildness of the season the conditions have been less favourable to the
success of the experiment as a demonstration than would have been the case in a
normal Canadian winter. As there is practically no outlay involved in this test, T
hope that it will be possible to continue it for several successive years, as the point
at issue is one of vital importance to the dairymen and feeders of the northern zone.
The second experiment now in progress consists in the application of the prin-
ciples of the open air treatment to a number of cattle known to be affected with tuber-
culosis, although not in an advanced stage, with a view to ascertaining to what extent
it may be possible to cure the malady, or, at least, to check its progress. The op-
portunity to initiate this experiment at a slight expense was furnished by the reac-
tion to tuberculin of a considerable number of the cattle kept on the Experimental
Farm at Nappan, Nova Scotia, when tested in October last. As these animals, being
the property of a public institution, would, under ordinary circumstances, have been
destroyed, I thought the opportunity for acquiring knowledge in this way too valuable
to be neglected, and they were, therefore, at my request, and with your full approval,
transferred to this branch by the Director of Experimental Farms. All those showing
evidence of breaking down were killed, 40 head in all being retained for experimental
purposes. Of these, 28 have reacted to tuberculin, while the remaining 12 are to all
appearance free from disease. All, however, are being kept together, it being desired,
among other things, to obtain information as to the probability of infection by con-
tact under open air conditions. The animals have passed the winter in a yard at
Nappan, their only protection from wind and weather being a shed open at all times.
They do not appear to have suffered from exposure, the only death reported having
occurred within a few hours of dehorning, an operation which was considered advisable
in order to prevent the animals injuring and annoying each other.
It is my intention, as soon as I can secure suitable premises, to bring these ani-
mals to the vicinity of Ottawa, where the opportunities for close observation will be
much greater and the results generally more satisfactory.
The highest medical authorities are now-a-days advising, and with the very best
results, our modern hothouse humanity to get ' closer to nature ' in every possible
way. The advantages of adopting a similar policy in the handling and housing of
domestic animals are too apparent to admit of discussion. Nature has furnished our
animal friends with every conceivable requisite for protection against ordinary
climatic conditions, and most of the diseases and disabilities to which they are subject
^■nve been caused by, and owe their continuance to the irrational, artificial conditions
imposed upon them by well meaning, but ignorant, or rather unthinking owners and
attendants.
^uherculosis Statistics for the twelve months ended October 31 1905.
Eight hundred and ninety cattle were tested for export, 48 of which reacted, 8
were classed as suspicious, and 834 successfully withstood the test.
One hundred and sixty-seven cattle were tested, on being imported into Canada,
8 of which reacted and 159 proved healthy.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 17
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Eight hundred and twenty cattle were tested by private practitioners with tuber-
culin supplied by this department, 103 of which reacted, 17 were classed as suspicious
and 700 proved to be healthy.
Tuberculosis Statistics for the five months ended March 31, 1906.
Six hundred and twenty-two cattle were tested for export, 20 of which reacted,
fend 15 were classed as suspicious, 587 thus successfully withstanding the test.
Ten cattle were tested on being imported into Canada, of which 1 only reacted,
the other 9 proving healthy.
Four hundred and twenty cattle were tested throughout the Dominion by private
practitioners, with tuberculin supplied by the department, 38 of which reacted, 15
vere classed as suspicious, and 367 proved healthy.
With regard to this general testing, it must be borne in mind that, in many cases,
the existence of tuberculosis is suspected in a herd before tuberculin is applied for,
rmd the proportion of reactors cannot be cited as those obtained from indiscriminate
testi'ng.
All reactors were permanently ear-marked by a veterinary inspector.
GLANDERS.
I regret to report that this disease, one of the most dangerous and insidious mala-
dies affecting any of the domestic animals, still exists to a very serious extent among
horses in several widely distant parts of the Dominion.
Previous to 1902 it was not dealt with by this department, except in the North-
west Territories and in one or two isolated instances elsewhere, its control being left
to the various provinces, several of which had legislation on the subject of a more or
less effective character, while others gave it no attention whatever.
In the year named, however, on ascertaining that it was threatening to become
epizootic in some parts of Ontario and Quebec, it was resolved to bring it under the
operation of the Animal Contagious Diseases Act. This was accordingly done, an
exception being made in the case of Manitoba, where the legislation was of such a
>:ature as to permit of its being dealt with in a fairly effective manner by the provin-
cial authorities, acting through their own inspectors.
Since the discovery of mallein in 1890 a complete change, due to the information
acquired through its use, has taken place in the views held by modern veterinarians
regarding glanders. It is now definitely known that many horses are affected while,
for the time being, presenting no apparent symptoms, the disease being confined to
the internal organs of which the kings are most generally involved. This being so,
it goes without saying, that the method formerly followed in dealing with glanders
and still in vogue in some countries, namely, the slaughter of horses showing clinical
symptoms only, is entirely inadequate. Experience has shown that where one or more
clinical cases are found in a stable, it is almost a certainty that some of the animals
which have been directly or indirectly in contact with them are also affected. Of
these many, sooner or later, develop clinical symptoms, and so become active centres
of infection, while there is good ground for the belief that the disease can be com-
municated by animals showing no external evidence of its existence. It follows,
tlierefore, that any system which neglects these contact cases is defective, and certain
to result in spreading the disease, especially in view of the perhaps natural tendency
15a— 2
18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
shown by owners to dispose, as soon as possible, of any animals left in their posses-
sion after the destruction of those visibly affected.
Where no compensation is paid for horses slaughtered, the inspector dealing with
an outbreak of glanders finds himself in a very difficult position. Owners possessed
of any intelligence seldom object to the slaughter of animals evidently diseased, but
are naturally opposed to the killing of those which, while reacting to mallein, remain
in good condition and are, so far as they can see, perfectly healthy. The tendency
therefore is to refrain from testing contact horses on the theory that ' ignorance is
bliss,' 'for if tested and found to react they must be dealt with as diseased, while if
presumed to be healthy they may be left free from restrictions. The results of such
an ostrich-like policy are, however, bound to be eventually disastrous as may be seen
from the following figures taken from the returns of the Board of Agriculture which
show the number of horses slaughtered for glanders in Great Britain under this system
from 1898 to 1904 inclusive.
1898 1,385
1899 1,472
1900 1,858
1901 2,370
1902 2,073
1903 2,499
1904 2,628
The steady progress made by the disease under a similar policy as evidenced by
the experience of Manitoba and other infected districts, furnishes additional convinc-
ing proof of the folly of ignoring the constant and very real danger connected with
the contact horse even when he is absolutely free from visible symptoms of glanders.
It is known that a proportion of such horses as react to mallein when first tested,
subsequently cease to show even that evidence of disease having, to all appearance,
overcome the infection. Beginning in 1902, it was decided in default of compensa-
tion, to institute a system of carefully testing all contact horses and subsequently
retesting such as reacted with a view to releasing those ceasing to react at the second
or third test and destroying those in which the reaction persisted.
In my reports for the years 1903 and 1904, may be seen a complete record of the
work done in carrying out this policy of retesting which taxed the energies of our
officers to the utmost. The results achieved, while showing a great improvement on
the old methods, were in no degree commensurate with the risk and labour inseparable
from such a policy especially in the newer and more sparsely settled portions of the
Dominion.
After a trial extending as above indicated over two years this system was found
to be unworkable and far from satisfactory, inasmuch as it was shown to be practically
impossible to keep reacting horses under such close observation as might offer compara-
tive freedom from the risk of spreading infection. Among groups of reactors held for
further tests, one or more are likely to develop clinical symptoms, thus becoming viru-
lent centres of infection not only endangering the other reactors with which they
are in actual contact, they being in no way immune from reinfection, but through the
various indirect channels with which horsemen are familiar, threatening the health
ii other animals not actually housed with them. More recently, frequent proofs have
been furnished that many of even the so-called ceased reactors, can be by no means
looked upon as permanently cured. Several serious outbreaks can be traced directly
to such horses, and making due allowance for the possibility of reinfection from out-
side sources, I may say that I am in possession of what I consider to be indisputable
evidence in confirmation of the view that these animals are exceedingly dangerous.
The risk attending their release is greatly increased by the tendency almost invariably
shown by owners to dispose of them at the first available opportunity, when falling
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 19
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
into the hands of unsuspecting persons, they frequently introduce the disease among
their new stable companions.
The policy of retesting reactors having thus been fairly tried and found wanting
while that of slaughtering clinical cases and ignoring contact horses had proved worse
than useless, there remained the alternatives of leaving the disease alone to spread
as opportunity offered, or of applying the only practical and, at the same time the only
scientific remedy, namely the destruction of all horses giving a typical mallein reaction
whether presenting any external manifestations of glanders or not.
Having decided on the latter course, you obtained from parliament during the
session of 1904, the necessary authority by an amendment to the Animal Contagious
Diseases Act, and at the same time, secured the increased appropriation required for
purposes of compensation. This was fixed by the Act at two-thirds of the actual
value of the animal in a state of health, such value being limited in the case of ordinary
horses to $150, and in the case of pure-bred horses to $300.
On the principle that a horse showing clinical symptoms of glanders is not only
absolutely valueless, but is a constant source of danger to all other horses as well as
to its owner, his family and any other human beings who may directly or indirectly
be exposed to the contagion, it was at first decided to pay no compensation for cases
of this class. The order in council of September 19, 1904, which brought the new
policy into force therefore contained a provision to that effect. It was soon apparent,
however, that in order to secure early information as to the existence of glanders and
to enable our inspectors to carry out the law without undue and dangerous friction,
it would be necessary to amend the regulations so as to i)ermit of the pajrment of
compensation for all animals slaughtered in accordance with the Act.
This was accordingly done, and on March 25, 1905, the following regulations were
put in force : —
* REGULATIONS RELATING TO GLANDERS.
' By Order in Council dated 25th March, 1905, in virtue of " The Animal Contagious
Diseases Act, 1903."
' 1. No animal which is affected with or has been exposed to glanders shall be
permitted to run at large or to come in contact with any animal which is not so
affected.
* 2. Any veterinary inspector may declare to be an infected place within the
meaning of the ' Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903,' any steamship, or steam
or other vessel, or any place or premises where the contagion of glanders is known
or suspected to exist.
* 3. No horse, mule or ass shall be removed out of an infected place without a
license signed by an inspector.
*4. Veterinary inspectors are hereby authorized to inspect and to subject to the
mallein test any horses, mules or asses affected with glanders or suspected of being so
affected or which have been in contact with animals so affected or suspected of being
so affected, or which have been in any way whatsoever exposed to the contagion or
infection of the disease of glanders, and for the purpose of making such inspection
or test to order any such animals to be collected, detained or isolated.
*5. Horses, mules or asses affected with glanders, whether such animals show
clinical symptoms of the disease, or re-act to the mallein test without showing such
symptoms, shall, on an order signed by a duly appointed inspector of the Department
of Agriculture, be forthwith slaughtered and the carcases disposed of as in such
order prescribed, compensation to be paid to the owners of such animals if and when
the Act so provides.
' 6. In the event of the owner objecting to the slaughter of animals which re-act
to mallein, but show no clinical symptoms of glanders, the inspector may order such
animals to be kept in close quarantine and re-tested, such re-tests however in no case
15a— 2J
20
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
to exceed two in number and to be completed witbin four months of the first test,
provided, however, that owners deciding to have their animals quarantined rather than
slaughtered shall forfeit all right to compensation.
' 7. Horses, mules or asses re-acting to the third test with mallein shall be forth-
with slaughtered on an order signed by an inspector and the carcases disposed of as
ordered.
' 8. Inspectors are hereby authorized to permit owners of horses, mules or asses
which give no re-action to the third test with mallein and which have at no time
shown any clinical symptoms of glanders, to retain and use such animals subject to
the conditions contained in the license signed by the inspector.
' 9. Before an order is made for the payment of compensation in any of the cases
aforesaid, there must be produced to the Minister of Agriculture a satisfactory
report, order for slaughter, certificate of valuation and slaughter, and certificate of
cleansing and disinfection, all signed by an inspector.
' 10. The certificate of an inspector to the effect that an animal has re-acted to
the mallein test or has shown clinical symptoms of glanders, shall, for the purpose
of the said Act and of this order be prima facie evidence in all courts of justice and
elsewhere of the matter certified.
' 11. Every yard, stable, outhouse or other place or premises, and every wagon,
cart, carriage, car or other vehicle and every utensil or other thing infected with
glanders shall be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected by and at the expense of the
owner or occupier, in a manner satisfactory to a veterinary inspector.
Department of Agriculture,
' Ottawa.'
' J. G. EUTHERFORD,
' Veterinary Director General.
Since the policy of compensation was adopted many outbreaks have been reported
and dealt with by our inspectors. Some of these occurred in parts of the Dominion
where, so far as the department was concerned, the existence of the disease had not
previously been suspected.
There is no doubt that, so long as a policy of slaughter without compensation
was in force, the tendency of owners, and even of some veterinarians, was to conceal
the existence of glanders and to dispose of the suspected animals as quickly as
possible.
On the other hand, it can be readily understood that the adoption of a policy
of paying for slaughtered animals has encouraged owners and veterinarians to report
much more freely the existence of the disease. A serious outbreak in the Saguenay
district had never been reported, although the disease had been raging for a number
of years, while no one ever suspected the existence of glanders to any serious extent
in British Columbia, although, as our figures show, a considerable number of diseased
horses have been destroyed in that province during the year just past.
Again, the true state of affairs in Manitoba, as brought to light by our inspectors
in that province since the work was taken over by this department from the pro-
vincial authorities in February, 1905, came as a very great surprise. For twenty
years the Disease of Animals Act of Manitoba was indubitably the best in the Dom-
inion, and the work of dealing with glanders was supposed to have been carried on
in an intelligent and systematic manner. It was not, however, the policy of the
provincial authorities to destroy re-actors, clinical cases only being killed, while in
some cases contact horses were tested and kept under supervision, and in others they
were allowed to go without further attempt at control.
The results of pursuing such a policy are very evident, as will be seen by a refer-
ence to the figures accompanying this report.
So far as it is possible to judge at this comparatively early date after its adop-
tion, the new policy is likely to prove successful in securing the object sought, namely,
the complete eradication of glanders. In those districts where the disease has been
HEALTH OF ANIMlLS 21
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
prevalent and where people have for many years been heavy losers from its effects,
the new regulations are giving great satisfaction, and intelligent horse-owners freely
express their approval of the change.
In other parts of the country where glanders has but recently appeared, it is
sometimes claimed that there is no crying necessity for such stringent measures.
The argument is advanced that the disease has existed in Canada and in other coun-
tries for many years without becoming epizootic or causing a loss of horseflesh as
great as that resulting from the present operations of our insi)ectors. As can easily
be shown, however, this contention is not well founded. The statistics of European
countries, where these are reliable, show conclusively that glanders, under modern
conditions, when dealt with by the defective methods generally in use, is exceedingly
difficult to control. The figures already quoted from the returns of the Board of Agri-
culture of Great Britain indicate the futility of half measures. A strong effort is
now being made to induce the British authorities to introduce the policy now fol-
lowed in Canada as is evidenced by the following extract from a review of the report
of the Board of Agriculture which appeared in the London Lancet on July 5, 1905 : —
' Glanders is admittedly on the increase, and it is time that some radical measures
were taken to control the disease. In 1894 there were only 502 outbreaks reported,
but in 1904 these had increased to 1,529, and 2,658 horses were killed as glandered.
More power ought certainly to be given to the veterinary inspectors to test the in-
contact horse with mallein, as by this agent an almost infallible diagnosis can be
made within twenty-four, or at most forty-eight hours. The expense, although great
the first year, would not be excessive if allowed to spread over a period of years ; and
where a preventable disease, which also causes the deaths of numbers of human beings
each year is concerned, the cost ought certainly not to be considered too seriously as
the reason why it should not be taken thoroughly in hand.'
If it is possible for glanders to extend its ravages to such a degree in a country
like England, it is not difficult to understand why I have deemed it necessary to ad-
vise the adoption of the policy now in operation in Canada, where the geographical
and economic conditions are so much more favourable to the spread of the disease
and so much less favourable to the systematic supervision of suspected cases.
In localities where the nature of the disease has not been recognized, and where
no intelligent efforts have been directed towards its control, the results have invari-
ably been disastrous.
As an instance of this, I would again refer to the experience of the Sagueuay
Lumber Company, the secretary of which reports a loss by death in less than four
years of upwards of fifty head of valuable horses, all of which, according to him, died
of glanders. Not only did these horses die, but the whole district in which they were
kept has become infected to such an extent as to render it almost an impossibility to
stamp out the disease without destroying an overwhelming majority of the horses
therein.
There are several points in connection with the spread of glanders which must
be considered in dealing with the statements made by opponents of our present policy.
One of these, and perhaps the most important, is the great change which has taken
place of recent years in regard to the transportation of horses from place to place.
Granting that in communities, and especially farming communities where new horses,
with the exception perhaps of valuable breeding stock, are but seldom introduced,
immunity from glanders may be long enjoyed. I would remind you that the violent
fluctuations in the value of horseflesh which have characterized the last twelve years
have led to the movement of large numbers of these animals from various parts of
this continent to other places, and that, by this means the disease has obtained a foot-
hold in many districts where it was formerly unknown.
I am satisfied that never before have conditions been so favourable for the spread
of glanders as they are now, when it is possible to transport horses for thousands of
miles with comparative ease and at a small fraction of the cost formerly necessary.
22 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Among the most dangerous and persistent agents in the dissemination of glanders
and other diseases are the range horses, which during the last ten years have been
shipped from the western States in large numbers to supply the temporary shortages
arising from the unfortunate cessation of breeding which resulted from the depres-
sion of prices in the early nineties.
The mortality from the disease on the range itself is not very great, the condi-
tions being favourable to its maintaining a latent form, but it soon develops when
the infected animals are broken, stabled and put to work, as has been demonstrated
again and again; a chain of outbreaks having frequently followed exactly the route
taken by one of tae nimierous itinerant bands of bronchos imported for the purpose
of being peddled to farmers.
While inspection at the boundary is enforced, it is, in many cases, impossible
to detect the existence of glanders without the aid of mallein. Although involving
considerable inconvenience to importers, it would almost appear necessary to make
provision for the testing of all horses introduced from the other side.
In many states of the Union no serious attempt is made by the authorities to
deal in an effective way with outbreaks of glanders, and as a result a good deal of
private testing is carried on, the reactors being subsequently disposed of as soon as
possible. As such horses are sold at a sacrifice, they are as a rule quickly picked up,
and there is no doubt that some of them are brought into Canada either by persons
ignorant as to their true condition or unscrupulous enough to run the risk of having
them pass inspection at the boundary before the disease has developed sufficiently to
admit of its existence being detected by ordinary methods.
The dissemination of glanders in modern times is, beyond question, largely assisted
through the agency of these private mallein tests conducted by unscrupulous horse
owners and veterinarians.
Leading authorities in London, the great hot-bed of glanders in Britain, attri-
bute largely to this cause the rapid spread of the disease and the occurrence of out-
breaks in the most unexpected places. The practice was rapidly coming into vogue
in Canada, and is yet, I fear, practised to some extent, although reputable veterin-
arians have ceased to indulge in private testing since the ' A.C.D.' Act was amended
in 1903, requiring them to report all cases of contagious disease coming under their
observation.
The promptitude now shown by the department in sending inspectors to investi-
gate all reported outbreaks has also done much to prevent private testing and attempts
at the treatment of suspicious cases.
AVhile realizing to the full the serious nature o"f our present operations, and the
large expenditures necessary to carry them on, I cannot conscientiously, as a respon-
sible official, recommend any change in the present system. To revert to the former
condition of affairs would simply be to court disaster. It is true that the expenditure
this year has been very large, exceeding altogether, for reasons explained above, the
sum which I had considered would be sufficient, but I feel certain that the amount of
money necessary will become less yearly, and that we will finally, if the work is honestly
and faithfully carried out, be able to congratulate ourselves and the country on the
practical eradication of what is now one of the most serious causes of loss to the
Canadian owner of horse flesh.
Compared with the amounts spent by other countries in stamping out diseases of
animals, our expenditure is very moderate. Great Britain paid in compensation for
rattle slaughtered for rinderpest, between 1865 and 1868, over $5,500,000; while the
cost of eradicating pleuro-pneumonia involved an outlany in compensation alone of
nearly two million dollars. To stamp out the recent outbreak of foot and mouth di-
seases in New England, cost the United States Government, $1,500,000, and this expen-
diture though large, was doubtless true economy in view of the recent statement of the
President of the British Board of Agriculture that that disease had, since 1890, cost
the farmers of Britain over $12,000,000.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 23
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
In this connection I would refer you to the ratio of decrease in the amounts ex-
pended for compensation in connection with hog cholera, since the adoption of the
energetic policy which has been pursued by the department since 1902.
Paid in fiscal year 1901-02 $15,962 97
" " 1902-03 36,029 75
" " 1903-04 21,352 35
" " 1904-05 7,042 73
1st half of " 1905-06 839 34
These results have been achieved in spite of many complaints made by owners
and dealers in hogs, who considered our policy unnecessarily severe, while many people
also thought that the expenditure incurred was unjustifiable. The results, however,
are such as to show that we were right, and I am confident that similar benefit will
follow the consistent carrying out of the present regulations re glanders. No great
victory of any kind has ever been won by following a half hearted policy. This is
especially true of campaigns against contagious disease, whether of man or animala,
as has already been demonstrated times without number.
The following notice has been widely distributed throughout the Dominion, for
the purpose of disseminating information regarding the disease and warning farmers
and other horse owners as to the danger of infection and instructing them as to the
best methods of dealing with horses and stables in the event of an outbreak taking
place on or in proximity to their premises.
NOTICE — GLANDERS.
' In districts where the existence of glanders is suspected, and especially in
neighbourhoods where actual outbreaks have occurred, the adoption of the following
precautions by owners of horses and others interested will do much to prevent the
spread of the disease and the establishment of fresh centres of infection.
* 1. Horses or mules having a nasal discharge or other suspicious symptoms
should not be admitted to livery or feed stables or yards, blacksmith shops, church or
school sheds, railway stock yards, private stables or other places where they are likely
to come into direct or indirect contact with animals of the equine species.
' 2. All stables, yards or sheds used for the accommodation of horses or mules
should be regularly and frequently cleansed and disinfected in the manner prescribed
below.
' 3. After cleansing the premises thoroughly and burning all debris, the interior
should be well gone over with hot steam or boiling water, adding to the latter at least
one quart of crude carbolic acid to each five gallons, after which the entire surface
should be thickly coated with a hot solution of fresh lime wash, to which crude car-
bolic acid has been added in the above mentioned proportion.
* Outbuildings, fences and tying posts with which infected animals have been in
contact should also, when possible, be thoroughly treated in a similar manner.
' All ordinary harness and stable utensils, which have been in contact with in-
fected animals or infected premises, should be thoroughly soaked in a hot solution
oJ crude carbolic acid of a strength of one part to twenty.
' Materials which might be injured by the above treatment, such as valuable
harness, robes, cushions, &c., which have been in contact with infection, should be
placed in an air-tight room and fumigated with formaldehyde, after which they
sliould be thoroughly cleansed.
' 4. In stables where outbreaks have occurred or where diseased animals have
inadvertently or otherwise been stabled, even temporarily, the cleansing and disinfec-
tion should be especially thorough, and in such cases it is safest to remove and bum
feed boxes and mangers when of wood; iron articles can be rendered harmless by pass-
ing them through fire or by immersing them for some time in boiling water. All
litter from suspected animals should be burned or carefully fenced until used.
24
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
' 5. Farmers and others should, whenever possible, avoid admitting strange horses
or mules to the premises occupied by their own animals especially of the same species.
It is a good plan to reserve an isolated building for outside horses or mules, but where
this is impossible they may be accommodated in cow stables, cattle not being subject
to glanders infection. Such horses and mules should be watered from special pails,
which, together with all other stable utensils used on or about them, should be care-
fully cleansed and disinfected before being used for other animals. Stalls occupied
by strange horses or mules should be well cleansed and disinfected and. if at all pos-
sible, left unoccupied for some time.
' 6. Where new horses or mules are purchased in or from districts where glanders
exists, they should, unless carefully tested with mallein prior to purchase, be stabled
apart and closely watched for some time before being brought in contact with other
animals of the equine species.
' 7. It must be borne in mind that while nasal discharge, or ulceration, enlarged
glands, the presence of 'farcy buds, unaccountable swelling of the limbs and general
unthriftiness often characterize cases of glanders, the disease exists in many animals
without, for the time being, any external manifestation whatever, the only means of
detection in such cases being the mallein test, and that these occult or latent cases aro
in some resi)ects the most dangerous because unsuspected. Our experience shows
that it is possible for animals of this class to convey infection to others without them-
selves developing acute symptoms. It is therefore plain that great caution should be
exercised in the purchase or handling of strange horses or mules, especially in those
districts where the disease has become established.
' 8. The carcasses of animals dying from or slaughtered as being affected with
pianders should, when possible, be burned, or, failing this, buried at least six feet
]>ereath the surface.
' 9. Owners of premises where outbreaks have been dealt with should bear in
mind that inspectors cannot recommend release from quarantine unless disinfection
has been carried out in a satisfactory manner, and that compensation for animals
slaughtered cannot be paid until a certificate of cleansing and disinfection has been
received by the Minister of Agriculture.
' 10. Horse owners should have no hesitation in reporting to this department, or
to its inspectors, the existence of actual or suspected cases of glanders. The disease
has been spreading rapidly of late years, and it is a matter of public interest that
every fresh centre of infection should be discovered and dealt with as promptly as
possible.
' J. G. Rutherford,
' Veterinary/ Director General.
* Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, March, 1906.'
Glanders Statistics for the 12 months ended 31st October, 1905.
Dominion.
During the year 2,113 horses were slaughtered, as hereunder shown.
259 killed on inspection.
2,113 ^
1,583 '
1st test.
145
2nd "
71
3rd "
23 '
4th "
9 '
5th "
8
6th "
3
7th «
12 '
previous ceased reactors
Valued at $221,777.50, at a cost of
$147,851.43.
Nine hundred and thirty-two showed clinical symptoms.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS
25
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Four thousand eight hundred and ninety-nine horses were tested with mallein, of
which 1,854 reacted and were destroyed.
Of the 1,854 reactors, 673 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during,
the test.
One hundred and seventy-three horses ceased to react.
One hundred and eight horses are being held for retest.
Quebec.
319
65 killed on inspection.
220
(C
at 1st test.
16
it
2nd «
5
tl
3rd, "
8
li
4th "
3
il
5th «
2
CI
previous ceased reactors
Valued at $34,636.50, at a cost of
$23,091.06.
One hundred and eighty-seven showed clinical symptoms.
Four hundred and eleven horses were tested with mallein, of which 254 reacted
and were destroyed.
Of the 254 reactors, 122 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at, or^uring, the
test.
In Quebec there were 16 ceased reactors of which —
5 ceased at the 2nd test.
3 " 3rd " .
5 " 4th "
2 " 5th "
1 « 7th "
Sixty-one horses are still under control for retest.
Of the 319 horses slaughtered in Quebec —
''23 were in Drummond and Arthabaska.
319 S
11
it
Richmond and Wolfe.
24
(I
Pontiac.
49
li
Wright.
8
li
Vaudreuil.
15
11
Lotbiniere.
5
11
Bagot.
7
11
St. Hyacinthe.
3
11
Dorchester.
8
11
Argenteuil.
2
li
Laprairie and Napierville.
11
a
Yamaska.
11
11
Montreal City.
7
il
Richelieu.
17
11
Nicolet.
1
11
Missisquoi.
7
11
Chambly and Vercheres.
1
It
Champlain.
1
11
Sherbrooke.
1
11
Bellechasse.
5
tc
Beauce.
3
It
Megantic.
84
it
Chicoutimi and Saguenay.
5
It
Three Rivers and St. Maurice
3
li
Labelle.
26
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Ontario.
84
7 K
55
iiied
on inspection,
at 1st test.
3
u
2nd "
4
((
3rd "
5
a
4th "
1
(C
5th «
2
a
7th "
7
u
previous ceased reactors. ^
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Valued at $8,509, at a cost of
$5,672.50.
Forty showed clinical symptoms.
One hundred and eighty-one were tested with mallein, of which 77 reacted and
were destroyed.
Of the 77 reactors, 33 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at, or during, the test.
Twelve horses ceased to react in Ontario, of which
2 ceased at the 3rd test.
8 " 4th "
1 " 7th "
1 " 8th "
No horses are held for retest.
Of the 84 horses slaughtered in Ontario —
24 were in the county of Carleton.
84 J
1
6
9
1
14
2
4
2
2
4
6'
1
1
2
2
3
Halton.
Renfrew.
Russell.
Muskoka.
Wellington.
Essex.
Grey.
Toronto.
Huron.
Middlesex.
Nipissing.
Waterloo.
Oxford.
Addington.
Lennox.
Hastings.
Ilanitaiba.
C 70 killed on inspection.^ '
661 } 571 " at 1st test. K Valued at $79,165, at cost of $52,776.67.
l^ 20 " 2nd " J
Two hundred and fifty-two showed clinical symptoms.
One thousand one hundred and fourteen horses were tested with mallein, of
which 591 reacted and were destroyed.
Of the 591 reactors, 182 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at, or during, the
test.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS
27
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Of the 661 horses slaughtered in Manitoba-
147 were in the district of Marquette.
64
Brandon.
132 <
Lisgar.
101 *
Macdonald.
114 *
Provencher
82 '
Selkirk.
21 *
Winnipeg.
Eight horses ceased to react in Manitoba all at the 2nd test.
Two horses are being held for retest.
Northwest Territories.
942
113 killed on inspection.
642
((
at 1st test.
102
((
2nd "
61
((
3rd "
10
11
4th "
5
li
5th «
7
ii
6th "
2
<(
previous ceased reactors.
Valued at $88,962, at a cost of
$59,308.
Four hundred and thirty-eight showed clinical symptoms.
Two thousand seven hundred and fourteen horses were tested with mallein, of
which 829 reacted and were destroyed.
Of the 829 reactors, 325 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at, or during, the
test.
In the Northwest there were 132 ceased reactors of which —
69 ceased at the 2nd test.
40 " 3rd "
132 1 18 " 4th «
[5 " 6th "
Seventeen horses are still under control for retest.
Of the 942 horses slaughtered —
/ 633 were in the Eegina and Moosejaw districts and south and east thereof.
942
127
57
64
29
32
Prince Albert and Battleford districts.
Maple Creek and Medicine Hat districts.
Calgary district.
Macleod and Lethbridge districts.
Port Saskatchewan district.
r 3 killed on inspection
98 J 91 " at 1st test,
4 " 2nd "
British Columbia.
I Valued at $9,455, at a cost of $6,303.20.
Thirty-four showed clinical symptoms.
One hundred and sixty-four horses were tested with mallein, of which 95 reacted
and were destroyed.
Of the 95 reactors, 31 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during the test.
Of the 98 horses slaughtered —
f 46 were at the Pacific Coast.
98 <^ 5 " Eastern British Columbia.
[ 47 " in the Okanagan Valley.
Three horses ceased to react in British Columbia all at the 2nd test.
Twenty-eight horses are being held for retest.
28
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
0 <
Yukon.
1 killed on inspection.
4 " at 1st test.
1 " 3rd "
1 '•' 6th "
1 " 7th "
1 " previous ceased reactor.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
^ Valued at $1,050, at a cost of $700.
One showed clinical symptoms.
Fifteen horses were tested, of which 8 reacted and were destroyed, none showing
clinical symptoms of glanders.
Of the 9 horses killed —
q j6 were killed in and around Dawson.
J3 '' at Forty Mile, Y.T.
Two horses ceased to react at the 2nd test.
No horses are being held for retest.
Glanders Statistics for the period between November 1, 1905, and March 31, 1906.
13,807 ^
102 killed on inspection.
1,029
' at 1st test
231
2nd "
21
3rd "
1
7th «
1
9th «
2
' previous ceased reactors.
Valued at $162,070, at a cost
of $108,045.76.
Five hundred and sixty-one showed clinical symptoms of glanders.
Three thousand nine hundred and fifty-seven were tested with mallein, of which
1,285 reacted and were destroyed.
Of the 1,285 re-actors, 459 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during the
test.
Two hundred and fourteen horses are now under control for retest.
One horse ceased to react.
Quebec.
141
f 11 killed on inspection. A
I 117 " at 1st test. | Valued at $16^30, at a cost of
] 12 " 2nd " I $11,286.45.
[ 1 " 3rd " J
Forty-six showed clinical symptoms.
Three hundred and twenty-three horses were tested with mallein, of which 130
reacted and were destroyed.
Of the 130 reactors, 35 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during the test.
Five horses are being held under control for retest.
One horse ceased to react at 3rd test.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS
29
SESSIONAL
PAPER No.
15a
Of the 141 horses slaughtered in Quebec—
- 10
were in
L Nicolet.
1
u
Eichelieu.
10
il
Megantic.
33
u
Saguenay and Chicoutimi
4
ei
Labelle.
16
li
Yamaska.
15
a
Pontiac.
9
u
Montreal.
141 .
8
a
Dorchester.
4
il
Quebec.
4
li
Vaudreuil.
7
li
Montmagny.
2
11
Wright.
1
11
Three Eivers.
8
(I
Drummond.
5
11
L'Islet.
^ 4
i
Arthabasca.
ERRATUM.
Page 28 : Under heading-
Bet ween I^ovember 1,
13,807 read 1,387.
Glanders Statistics for the Period
1905, and March 31, 1906," for
23 were in Ottawa.
114 <^
1
il
Northumberland.
2
il
Toronto.
44
a
Eainy Kiver.
41
11
Perth.
3
a
Addington.
Manitoba.
210
20 killed on inspection.
187 " at 1st test.
1 " 2nd "
2 " 3rd "
V^alued at $24,415 at a cost of
$16,276.60.
One hundred and thirteen showed clinical symptoms of glanders.
28
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
0 <
Yukon.
' 1 killed on inspection.
4 " at 1st test.
1 " 3rd "
1 " 6th "
1 " Tth "
1 " previous ceased reactor.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Valued at $1,050, at a cost of $700.
One showed clinical symptoms.
Fifteen horses were tested, of which 8 reacted and were destroyed, none showing
clinical symptoms of glanders.
Of the 9 horses killed —
9
6 were killed in and around Dawson.
3
at Forty Mile, Y.T.
Two horses ceased to react at the 2nd test.
No horses are being held for retest.
Quebec
11 killed on inspection.
141
.17
11
at Ist test.
12
C(
2nd "
1
a
3rd "
Valued at $16^30, at a cost of
$11,286.45.
Forty-six showed clinical symptoms.
Three hundred and twenty-three horses were tested with mallein, of which 130
reacted and were destroyed.
Of the 130 reactors, 35 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during the test.
Five horses are being held under control for retest.
One horse ceased to react at 3rd test.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS
29
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Of the 141 horses slaughtered in Quebec —
10 were in Nieolet.
141 J
1
a
Eichelieu.
10
C(
Megantic.
33
u
Saguenay and Chicoutimi
4
a
Labelle.
16
li
Yamaska.
15
ii
Pontiac.
9
a
Montreal.
8
u
Dorchester.
4
a
Quebec.
4
a
Vaudreuil.
7
a
Montmagny.
2
a
Wright.
1
Cl
Three Rivers.
8
(I
Drummond.
5
11
L'Islet.
4
i
Arthabasca.
Ontario.
114
2 killed on inspection.
54 " at 1st test.
53 " 2nd "
3 " 3rd "
1 " 7th "
1 " -Gth "
Valued at $15,300 at a cost
Y of $10,206.64.
Forty showed clinical symptoms.
Two hundred and nine were tested with mallein, of which one hundred and
twelve reacted and were destroyed.
Of the 112 reactors, 38 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during the
test.
Four horses are being held under control for retest.
Of the 114 horses slaughtered in Ontario —
114^
23 were in Ottawa.
1 " Northumberland.
2 " Toronto,
44 " Rainy River.
41 " Perth.
3 " Addington.
Manitoba.
210^
20 killed on inspection.
187 " at 1st test.
1 " 2nd "
2 " 3rd "
Valued at $24,415 at a cost of
$16,276.60.
One hundred and thirteen showed clinical symptoms of glanders.
30
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Six hundred and thirty-three were tested with mallein, of which 190 reacted and
were destroyed.
Of the 190 reactors, 82 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during the
test.
Seven horses are being held for retest.
Of the 210 horses slaughtered in Manitoba —
''39 were in the district of Macdonald.
210.
30
20
55
7
10
19
8
3
19
Marquette.
Selkirk.
Provencher.
Lisgar.
Brandon.
Souris.
Dauphin.
Winnipeg.
Portage la Prairie.
Saskatchewan.
230
43 killed on inspection.
176 " at 1st test.
9 " 2nd "
(^ 2 " previous ceased reactors.-
I
Valued at $27,360, at a cost of
$18,239.68.
One hundred and thirteen clinical symptoms of glanders.
Seven hundred and eighty-eight horses were tested with mallein, of which 187
reacted and were destroyed.
Of the 187 reactors, 70 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during the test.
Fifty horses are being held for retest.
Of the 230 horses slaughtered in Saskatchewan —
230^
35
were
in Prince Albert district
19
Battleford "
50
Eegina "
35
Moosejaw "
28
Estevan "
40
Yorkton "
17
Wood Mountain "
6
Maple Creek "
Alberta.
ril killed on inspection. "^
68 J 48 " at 1st test. V
\Z " 2nd " J
Valued at $7,460, at a cost of
$4,973.27.
Forty-one showed clinical symptoms of glanders.
One hundred and seventy-one horses were tested with mallein, of which 51 re-
acted and were destroyed.
Of the 51 reactors, 24 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during the test.
Five horses are being held for retest.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 31
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Of the sixty-eight horses slaughtered in Alberta —
6 were in the Medicine Hat district.
24 " Macleod and Lethbridge district.
68^ 19 " Calgary district.
12 " Edmonton "
7 " Eed Deer "
British Columbia.
623
I 8 killed on inspection.
'l 447 " at 1st test.
153 " 2nd "
/ 16 " 3rd "
Valued at $70,595, at a cost of
$47,063.12.
Two hundred and eighteen showed clinical symptoms of glanders.
Eighteen hundred and thirty-three horses were tested with mallein, of which 615
reacted and were destroyed.
Of the 615 reactors, 210 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or during the
test.
One hundred and forty-three horses being held under control for retest.
Of the 623 horses slaughtered in British Columbia,
r 192 were at the Pacific coast.
623 -i 46 were in eastern British Columbia.
I 385 were in the Okanagan valley.
Yukon.
One horse killed on inspection in the Dawson district; no compensation paid.
PICTOU CATTLE DISEASE.
I am glad to be able to report that the results of the investigation into the nature
and causes of Pictou cattle disease, which was begun at Antigonish in October,
1903, have been stifficiently definite to warrant me in recommending the removal of
this malady from the list of those coming under the operation of the Animal Con-
tagious Diseases Act. For upwards of twenty years it has been the policy of the
department to order the slaughter of affected animals and to pay compensation for
them, as also to insist on the disinfection of the buildings in which they had been
kept. During the whole of this time, and in fact for many years previous, the more
intelligent residents of the district in which the disease prevails have been of the
opinion that it is not only non-contagious, but that its prevalence is due to or con-
nected in some way with the weed known as Senecio Jacobsea or ragwort, locally
known as ' Stinking Willie.' Evidence existed to show that the disease was unknown
until the weed in question was accidentally introduced with ballast brought from
Scotland to the town of Pictou some fifty years ago. Once established the plant
spread gradually through the surrounding country, extending, however, owing to the
prevailing winds, the seed being light and easily carried by their agency, to a much
further distance eastward than westward of its original starting point. Shortly
afterwards the disease made its appearance, and although some years elapsed before
any suspicion as to the weed being its cause was aroused, it was at last noted as a
peculiar coincidence that only the cattle kept in the weedy area were affected. As
32 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
time passed it was further observed that the mere presence of the plant in a district
was not apparently sufficient to produce the affection, but that it was only after it had
obtained a firm foothold in the pastures and meadows that the disease began to make
its appearance.
About the year 1882, an attempt at investigation was made and some experiments
were undertaken with a view to ascertaining whether or not there was any foundation
for the popular belief as to the connection between the weed and the disease, which
by this time, had been recognized as a i)eculiar and almost specific cirrhosis of the
liver. Unfortunately, however, these experiments were unsuccessful in throwing any
new light on the subject, with the result that Pictou cattle disease was declared to
be contagious, and the policy of slaughter and compensation above referred to brought
into force. From time to time in after years the subject was investigated by Dr.
William Osier, Dr. Adami, the late Dr. Wyatt Johnston and other skilled pathologists,
but invariably with negative results so far at least as concerned the establishment of
any definite and intelligent theory as to its true nature and causes.
During the whole of this time close observers in the affected district were becom-
ing each year more strongly convinced that ragwort and that alone was responsible.
Many of these men, although receiving little encouragement to do so, took steps to
eradicate the plant from their farms and to induce their neighbours to do likewise,
with the result that their animals remained unaffected, while those kept on weedy
farms sickened and died. These conditions were especially noticeable when, in addi-
tion to keeping the weed down in the pastures, care was taken to remove it from the
hay fed during the winter. It was also observed that in years when scarcity of hay
necessitated wintering cattle on straw, animals so treated seemed to be immune. In
the light of our recent experiments it seems almost incredible that these and similar
facts did not sooner force a full recognition of the true situation, which would have
undoubtedly been the means of inaugurating a campaign of extermination against
the weed at a time when such a task would have been much less difficult than now.
For some years Dr. Gilruth, chief veterinarian and bacteriologist to the govern-
ment of New Zealand, devoted considerable attention to a peculiar hepatic cirrhosis
known in that colony a? Winton disease, and from which, up to 1901 and these in one
locality only, horses had appeared to suffer to a greater extent than either cattle or
sheep. Dr. Gilruth initiated some experiments and finally reached the conclusion,
without doubt well justified, that the trouble was entirely due to the ingestion of rag-
wort. His experiments, while convincing, were not, owing to apparently unavoidable
circumstances, conclusive, although strengthened by corroborative evidence from Cape
Colony, where a like disease has been traced by Mr. W. H. Chase, government veteri-
narian, to the agency of another plant of the same species Senecio Burchelli.
For the above and other apparent reasons, such as the different climatic, econo-
mic and dietetic conditions and the lack of absolute proof of the identity of Pictou
cattle disease with the hepatic cirrhosis of the Antipodes, his decision could not, with
propriety, have been accepted by this department as the basis for a complete change
of policy even had it been made public before the inauguration of our own experi-
mental work at Antigonish in 1903.
The latter has been very interesting and its results are convincingly corroborative
of the views of those who have consistently held to the ragwort theory.
My last report contained a full account of what had been done during the year
preceding October 31, 1904, together with our findings up to that date, but in order
to make the case perfectly clear, I think it best to recapitulate the main points before
proceeding to deal with the intervening period.
In October, 1903, I, with your approval, leased, for experimental purposes, a farm
of 200 acres at Cloverville, county of Antigonish, Nova Scotia. This farm is, of
course, situated within the ragwort area, but is further well known as one on which
the disease in former years frequently made its appearance. Thirty-four cattle were
purchased, four of which had been raised on the premises, the remainder being secured
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 33
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
from districts in which there is no ragwort. Sixteen head, including the four natives,
were placed in an old stable on the premises, in which, at different times, thirty-six
cattle had died from hepatic cirrhosis. They were fed entirely on food imported from
Quebec. Four were given a liberal allowance of sound hay with a full grain ration,
four a liberal allowance of hay with a smaller grain ration, four a liberal allowance
of hay without grain, and four a limited allowance of hay only.
The other eighteen head were placed in an entirely new stable erected at a con-
siderable distance from the old buildings. Sixteen of these were divided into quartettes
and fed in exactly the same way as above mentioned, except that the hay given to them,
being secured in the neighbourhood, contained a considerable quantity of ragwort.
The remaining two cattle were housed together in a separate compartment of the
new stable, one being fed on chopped ragwort and the other on oat straw, a small
ration of bran being given to each.
The progress of the experiments up till October 31st, 1904, was described in my
report of that date, but in view of the remarkable results obtained, and of all the cir-
cumstances in connection with the case, I have thought it best to make the present
statement complete in itself.
Leaving out details which are fully dealt with in the exhaustive reports furnished
by Dr. Pethick, which are printed herewith, I may state that all the 16 cattle kept in
the old and supposedly infected stable, and fed on imported hay, which was, of course,
free from ragwort, remained perfectly healthy for the entire period of 23 months, dur-
ing which the experiments were in progress, although in the summer of 1905, eight of
these cattle were kept in a weed infested pasture in which 14 animals had died of
hepatic cirrhosis in the short space of five months. Several of these animals had
also been placed from time to time in close and continued contact with diseased
animals, with a view to ascertaining whether or not the disease was transmissible in
this way.
During the summer of 1905, also, ten of these animals were inoculated in various
ways, either with blood or abdominal ascitic fluid taken from an animal affected with
Pictou cattle disease, to such an extent that Dr. Higgins, our pathologist, reported
the cirrhotic lesions of the liver to be more extensive than in any of the others which
he had examined. In spite of these severe tests, the animals continued to thrive, and
when I last saw them in September, 1905, were in excellent condition, those which had
been fed grain presenting a remarkably fine appearance. Thirteen of these cattle
were slaughtered between October 10th and November 1st, under the careful inspec-
tion of Dr. Pethick, as well as of several experienced butchers, all organs being found
healthy and the flesh of superior quality. Specimens from the different organs were
also forwarded to the laboratory here, and pronounced by our pathologist to be abso-
lutely free from disease. The other three animals, being pregnant cows, were allowed
to live, and, according to latest reports, are in excellent condition, and in full flow of
milk, after having given birth to healthy calves.
Of the 16 animals which were kept in the new stable and fed upon local hay which
contained a considerable quantity of ragwort, 15 died of Pictou cattle disease between
July 19th, 1904, and August 21st, 1905. I may add that to prevent the possibility
of doubt as to the cause of death in these animals specimens from the internal organs
of each were forwarded to Dr. Higgins, who verified the diagnosis in every case. The
sixteenth animal. No. 12 of Dr. Pethick's report, was slaughtered on October 13th,
1905, and although to all external appearances healthy, the pathological examination
of the organs showed a slight affection of the liver, and the presence of several charac-
teristic ulcers on the lining of the true stomach.
Of the two other animals mentioned above, one of which was fed on chopped rag-
wort, and the other on oat straw, each receiving a small allowance of bran, the former
died of acute hepatic cirrhosis on July 22nd, 1904, while the latter remained healthy
during the entire test, and,. when slaughtered on October 24th, 1905, was found to be
absolutely free from the slightest appearance of disease.
15a— 3
34 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
A calf six months old, born on the premises, was fed twice daily upon a mixture
of one part of ragwort before flowering, and twenty parts of clean hay, reinforced by a
daily ration of two pounds of fresh oats. This experiment, which was undertaken for
the purpose of ascertaining if the weed would produce the disease at this stage of its
growth, began on December 1st, 1904. The calf died on May 26th, 1905, post mortem
and pathological examinations revealing an advanced stage of hepatic cirrhosis. The
contact and inoculation experiments which are described in full detail in Dr. Pethick's
report were absolutely without result, it being evidently practically impossible to trans-
mit the disease from one animal to another.
In view of the results of these practical experiments, which have been carried on
with the greatest possible care and exactitude, there need, I think, be no longer any
doubt as to the cause of Pictou cattle disease, and I have, therefore, already recom-
mended that it be removed at once from the list of affections dealt with under tha
Animal Contagious Diseases Act.
While subsidiary experiments conducted by Dr. Pethick show that some benefit
undoubtedly results, especially in incipient cases, from the strychnine and iron treat-
ment described by him in a previous report, measures of this kind are of little real
value. The efforts of the local authorities and the stock owners in the affected
district should at once be directed towards the eradication of the plant, which is un-
doubtedly the cause of the whole trouble.
Owing to the topographical and other conditions existing in the district, it will
be quite impossible to get rid of the weed by cultivation, although, on arable land,
much can of course be achieved by this means. There is, however, much rough and
partially wooded country, most of which is badly infested with ragwort, to eradicate
which by any ordinary methods will be practically impossible.
It has long been noted by intelligent residents that sheep seem to be able to eat
the weed with impunity, although some hold that after a considerable period injurious
effects are produced, which, if the diet is continued, eventually cause death. It is
also held that, even. where the plant does not prove fatal, the mutton is rendered un-
marketable by a yellow staining, which after a time becomes distinctly noticeable.
As to one fact there is, however, no doubt, viz., that the keeping of sheep on land
infested with ragwort is one of the most certain means of bringing about its com-
plete eradication in a short time. This being the case, and in view of all the circum-
stances, I decided to inaugurate a series of experiments for the purpose of ascer-
taining whether or not sheep could profitably be utilized for this purpose. I there-
fore, early in 1905, authorized Dr. Pethick to purchase four sheep, which were kept
during the summer on four acres of very weedy pasture, with the result as shown by
the accompanying picture, of completely destroying the ragwort which formerly grew
in profusion. So far, these animals have shown no symptoms of disease. Several
other sheep were purchased a little later for the purpose of ascertaining at what stage,
if any, the tissues began to exhibit the yellow stain to which reference has already
been made. These animals have been slaughtered at intervals, and the flesh carefully
examined, but no abnormal apppearance has been so far observed.
The lease of the premises being for three years, I determined, with your permis-
sion, upon the conclusion of the experiments with cattle, to purchase a number of
sheep, with a view to securing definite information on the points mentioned, above.
If it can be shown that sheep eat ragwort with impunity, and that no deleterious
effects are produced upon the mutton, it goes without saying that they will constitute
by far the most practical and profitable agency which can be used by the residents of
the affected district in ridding their farms of this dangerous pest. The country in
which the weed is found is one exceedingly well adapted for sheep culture, and I am
convinced that the introduction to the district of this branch of husbandry at the
present time, when both wool and mutton are increasing, and likely to increase in
price, will prove highly profitable.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 35
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
As stated above, there is much rough pasture, while the arable land has, in many
cases, been seriously impoverished by the crude methods of cultivation in vogue, and
would be at once enriched and improved by the keeping thereon of a reasonable number
of sheep. I therefore authorized the purchase, in November last, of forty sheep, which
were divided into two lots, one score being fed during the winter on weedy hay, while the
others were fed upon hay grown in the district but from which all ragwort had been
carefully removed.
Eight goats were also purchased, four being placed with each lot of sheep. These
animals have all wintered well, and it is my intention, as soon as pasture becomes
available, to subdivide them again, keeping ten sheep and two goats of each lot on
clean pasture, and a similar number on pasture badly infested with ragwort. By this
means it ought to be possible to ascertain with a reasonable degree of certainty what
are the actual effects of ragwort upon sheep, as well as to a certain extent also upon
goats.
It might perhaps be advisable to continue this experiment even longer than is
proposed, but I am in hope that by the close of the present season we will be in a posi-
tion to give definite and reliable advice as to the utilization of these animals in stamp-
ing out ragwort, and with it the long dreaded Pictou cattle disease.
Concurrently with the above an exi)eriment is being carried on with the view of
fixing even more certainly upon ragwort the responsibility of causing hepatic cirr-
hosis. Three healthy young cows have been since November 1, 1905, fed on locally
grown hay from which all weed has been removed, "while three others are fed on sim-
ilar fodder containing the ordinary quantity of ragwort usually produced in the
meadows of the neighbourhood.
In January last also a disabled mare of little value was purchased, and is being fed
twice a day on hay containing a large quantity of ragwort chopped fine and carefully
mixed. This ex]Deriment is controlled by feeding a horse kept at the station on hay
from which the weed has been entirely removed.
Pictou Cattle Disease Statistics for the 12 months ended 31st Octoher, 1905.
Ninety-four animals valued at $2,085 were slaughtered at a cost of $1,390.
Pictou Cattle Disease Statistics for the 5 months ended Slst March, 1906.
Forty-seven animals valued at $1,143 were slaughtered, at a cost of $762.
MANGE IN CATTLE.
It gives me much pleasure to be able to report a great improvement in the situa-
tion so far as concerns this troublesome malady which has existed among our range
cattle to a greater or less extent for the past sixteen years. Shortly after my acces-
sion to office in 1902, I made it a point to be present at the annual meeting of th.3
Western Stock-Growers' Association, which was that year, held at Macleod. After
a full discussion it was decided to leave the matter of treatment in the hands of the
cattle owners with the understanding that the services of our inspectors would be avail-
able in the event of it becoming necessary to deal with the animals of negligent or
obdurate individuals. It appeared for a time that this method would be productive
of good results, but the extreme prevalence of the disease during the winter 1903-04,
together with other untoward circumstances showed the necessity for some sterner
and more effective policy than had yet been inaugurated. Realizing the importanc-j
of securing the support and co-operation of the cattle owners, I held during the spring
of 1904, a series of meetings at the principal centres within the infected area. At
these meetings the whole subject was discussed in detail, with the result that it was
finally decided to introduce a policy of compulsory and systematic dipping which should
15a— 3J
36 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
extend to all cattle owned within the somewhat extensive district where the disease
was known to exist. The order thus suggested was issued on August 9, 1904, and called
for the treatment according to certain specified conditions of all cattle within a definite
area between 1st September and 31st October of that year. About the same time
a comprehensive bulletin containing much information regarding mange and its
treatment together with plans and specifications for the construction of dipping vats
was prepared and distributed. The results were very gratifying. Dipping plants
were constructed in almost every locality some being provided by individual owners
while others were started by groups of small ranchers who combined their forces for
that purpose. In four months the number of these establishments increased from two,
and these both out of repair, to 196, which, almost without exception, were found to
work smoothly as well as effectively. As a matter of fact upwards of 400,000 cattle
were subjected to treatment during the time that the order was in force. The great
majority of the owners were only too glad to comply with its provisions, although
a number failed to do so with the result that their cattle and premises were placed
under strict quarantine until the advent of Spring, when only, it became possible to
subject them to treatment. The benefits of the new policy were soon fully apparent
in the freedom from mange and generally improved condition of the cattle.
The following extract from the last annual report of the Western Stock-Growers'
Association, which was unanimously adopted at the annual meeting of that body held
at Medicine Hat on May 11th, 1905, speaks for itself:
' At the last annual meeting the principal topic of discussion was the measures
that were necessary to be taken to prevent the further spread of cattle mange. It had
come to be recognized that the existence of this contagious disease amongst the cattle
throughout a widespread area was a potent fact that could not be disregarded any
longer. Dr. Rutherford, on behalf of the Dominion Department of Agriculture, had
made a few weeks previous to our last annual meeting a tour of the range country
through which a series of meetings was held, his object being partly, no doubt, to edu-
cate those interested as to the serious nature of the conditions, and partly to obtain at
first hand the ideas of the ranchmen themselves. The consequence was that at the
annual meeting itself all were in a position to discuss the matter intelligently. The
upshot of the discussion was, as most of you are aware, that the association recom-
mended to the government that the compulsory dipping of all cattle within the affected
area should be insisted upon. In due course an Order in Council was issued provid-
ing for this. The responsibilities thus thrown upon the stock-growers were heavy.
Tanks had to be built, heating apparatus installed, sulphur purchased, extra men em-
ployed, and valuable time interfered with, while the organization necessary in connec-
tion required much consideration. Difficulties, in fact were many and delays numer-
ous, but in spite of it all dipping was fairly general. There were a few isolated in-
stances where no attempt was made to thoroughly carry out the regulations. As to
the results there can be no two answers. It was an unqualified success. Mange has
practically disappeared in those districts where the dipping was given a thorough
trial. So satisfactory did the Executive Committee consider the results, that at a
meeting held on 9th March last, the following memorial was addressed to the Dominion
Government :
' That this meeting of the Executive Committee of the Western Stock-Growers'
Association desire to put on record their satisfaction at the undoubted success resulting
from the mange dipping operations of last fall, and to heartily endorse the action of
Dr. Rutherford, who was instrumental in having the dipping regulations put in force.
This committee is of the opinion that it is highly desirable and necessary that universal
dipping should be again obligatory throughout the same district during the coming
season.
' The whole country is now well equipped with dipping tanks, there being no less
than 196 in existence, and future dipping operations should be simple compared with
last year, when everything had to be bought and tested, and when all were unfamiliar
with the proposition.' •
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 37
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a ] ' ^^
Steps were at once taken to meet the wishes of the owners, and the following
order on lines similar to that of the previous year and differing from it only in re-
gard to certain comparatively unimportant details was issued on July 10, 1905 : —
Department of Agriculture. Health of Animals Branch.
MANGE.
By Orders in Council dated July 10, 1905, and June 27, 1904.
' Whereas the disease of mange exists among cattle throughout those portions of
the territories of Assiniboia and Alberta which may be described as bounded by the
international boundary, the Koeky Mountains and a line drawn as follows : —
' A line from the Rocky Mountains along the southeastern boundary of the
Stoney Indian reserve, then along the northeastern boundary of the said reserve to
the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway, thence easterly along the said line of
railway to the line between ranges 5 and 6, west iof the 5th meridian, thence north
along that line to the line between townships 28 and 29, thence east along that line to
the line of the Calgary and Edmonton railway, thence north along the Calgary and
Edmonton railway to the line between townships 30 and 31, thence east along that line
to the line between ranges 26 and 27 west of the 4th principal meridian, thence north
along that line to the line between townships 34 and 35, thence east along that line to
the Red Deer river, thence north along the Red Deer river to the line between townships
38 and 39, thence east along that line to the 4th principal meridian, thence south along
the 4th principal meridian to the Red Deer river, thence along the Red Deer and
Saskatchewan rivers to the line between ranges 7 and 8 west of the 3rd meridian,
thence south along that line to the international boundary line.
' And whereas it is of the greatest importance to the interests of stock owners and
to the preservation of a profitable market for western cattle that the policy adopted
last year (1904) with a view to the eradication of the disease iu question should be
continued.
' That after careful inquiry and due consideration it has been decided that the
period between August 15 and October 31 is the most suitable and convenient for
treatment with the above object.
' Therefore the Governor General in Council, in virtue of the provisions of section
29, chap. 11, 3 Edward VII., intituled " An Act respecting Infectious or Contagious
Diseases affecting Animals," is pleased to order that the above described tract of land
shall be, and the same is hereby declared an infected place, and that all persons own-
ing or being in charge of cattle within the above described tract must, during the
said period, dip or otherwise treat such cattle in a manner satisfactory to the officers
of the Department of Agriculture, provision being made that where it can be clearly
shown to the satisfaction of the said officers that cattle, kept under fence in any well
defined area or district within the said tract, are not affected with, and have not been
in any way exposed to, the contagion of mange, or have been, during the present sea-
son, treated in a satisfactory manner and subsequently kept isolated from all other
cattle, the veterinary director general may, on the facts being reported to him, ex-
empt such area or district from such compulsory treatment, but this provision shall
in no case apply to cattle kept on the open range, or on unfenced land.
' Satisfactory treatment shall consist of immersion for not less than two minutes
in a solution of lime and sulphur of a strength of not less than 10 pounds of lime
and 24 pounds of sulphur to 100 gallons of water prepared according to the direc-
tions of the officers of the Department of Agriculture.
' When approved by the inspector in charge of the district in which the cattle to
be dealt with are kept, persons owning or controlling herds of not more than thirty
head may be x>ermitted to treat their animals by hand, in which case the following
preparation shall be used: —
38 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
' Sulphur 2 pounds
Oil of tar 8 ounces
Raw linseed oil 1 gallon
' In either case the fluid shall be applied at a temperature of not less than 105°
nor more than 110° Fahrenheit, and the treatment shall be repeated after an interval
of not less than ten nor more than fifteen days.
' In the event of any owner failing to treat or to make satisfactory preparation
for the treatment of his cattle on or before October 15, the provisions of the Order in
Council dated June 27, 1904, regarding compulsory treatment as quoted below, shall
be enforced.
' The Governor General in Council is further pleased to order that no cattle shall
be removed or be allowed to move out of the hereinbefore described tract unless they
are accompanied by the certificate of an inspector of the Department of Agriculture
stating that they have been examined by him and found free from contagion of
mange. Any such cattle, however, shall, if deemed advisable by the inspector, be
detained, dipped, sprayed or otherwise treated in such manner as the veterinary direc-
tor general may, from time to time, prescribe.
' No railway company shall accept or load any shipment of cattle at any point
within the said tract except for immediate slaughter as hereinafter provided unless
such shipment is accompanied by the certificate of an inspector.
' At points where cattle originating in the said district are unloaded they shall
be placed in special yards, and such yards shall be used for no other purpose, and
shall be cleansed and disinfected when so ordered by an inspector.
' All cars and other vehicles used for the carriage of such cattle shall be cleansed
and disinfected to the satisfaction of an inspector as soon as possible after being un-
loaded and before being used for any other shipment.
' All way bills and bills of lading accompanying shipments of cattle originating
within the said tract shall have plainly written or stamped across the face thereof a
notification that the said cars are to be cleansed and disinfected immediately after
being unloaded.
' Cattle affected with, or which have been exposed to the contagion of mange, may
be shippped for immediate slaughter to points within the above described tract under
the following condition: —
' (1) Unless loaded through special yards and chutes reserved exclusively for such
shipments, all yards and chutes used by them shall be declared infected places, and
shall not be again used for the shipment of healthy stock until cleansed and disin-
fected to the satisfaction of the inspector; they shall not be allowed to come in con-
tact with other animals; they shall be consigned direct only to such slaughter houses
within the hereinbefore described tract as are provided with private yards and chutes;
shall not be unloaded at any point en route and shall under no pretext whatever be
removed alive from the slaughter house or the yards and premises immediately con-
nected therewith.
' (2) Cars conveying such cattle shall be cleansed and disinfected to the satisfac-
tion of an inspector immediately after being unloaded.
' That the transit of cattle through the said tract is permitted subject to the fol-
lowing regulations: —
' (1) Cattle for transit by rail through the said tract from one part of Canada
to another shall, at points where unloading is necessary, be placed in yards reserved
for their exclusive use, and shall not be permitted to come in contact with cattle
which have originated within the said tract.
' (2) Cattle imported from the United States into the said tract destined for
points in Canada outside thereof may, under compliance with the quarantine regula-
tions, and with the provisions of the next preceding section hereof, be permitted to
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 39
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
pass without unnecessary delay through the said tract direct to their destination with-
out further restriction.
' Every veterinary inspector, and every person duly authorized by a veterinary
inspector, shall have full power to order animals affected or suspected of being affected
with mange to be collected for inspection, and, when necessary, to be detained, iso-
lated or treated in accordance with the instructions of the veterinary director general.
' The expenses of and incidental to such collection, isolation and treatment shall
be borne by the owners of the animals, and if advanced by the inspector or other
authorized person shall, until paid, be a charge upon the said animals, without preju-
dice however to the recovery of any penalty for the infringement of these regulations.
' If such expenses are not paid within twenty days of the time when they have
been incurred, the inspector or other duly authorized person may proceed to sell the
said animals by public auction after giving to the owner ten days' notice in writing
of such intention to sell, which notice may be effectually given, where the owner is
known, by delivering the same to him personally or by sending it by mail addressed
to him at his last known place of residence. Where the owner is unknown, such
notice may be effectually given by publication in one issue of a newspaper published
or circulating in the district where such animals are detained. The proceeds of such
sale shall be applied first in payment of the reasonable expenses of the collection, iso-
lation, treatment, giving of notice and conduct of sale, and the balance, if any, shall
be paid to the owner of said animals on demand. Any balance not so paid shall be
remitted to the minister, and if not claimed within twelve months from the date of
sale shall be paid to the credit of the Receiver General.
' The amount charged for the treatment of stray cattle, or of cattle whose owners
neglect or refuse to comply with the above orders, so far as they refer to treatment,
shall in no case exceed twenty-five cents per animal for each dipping or application,
provided that where it is necessary to collect such animals and to hold them for the
second dipping or application, an additional sum of one dollar per animal may be
collected.
' The department assumes no responsibility for injury or loss to cattle incurred
through compliance with the provisions of these orders as regards treatment.
' All persons engaged in breeding, exporting, dealing in, driving or shipping
cattle, and all transportation companies, are requested to co-operate with this depart-
ment in enforcing the above provisions.
' Outbreaks occurring outside of the area defined above will be dealt with under
the general order in council dated June 27, 1904.
* J. G. Rutherford,
' Health of Animals Branch, ' Veterinary Director General.
'Department of Agriculture,
' Ottawa, July 11, 1905.'
The same system was followed in its enforcement, the territory being "divided into
thirteen districts, each in charge of a qualified veterinary inspector having under his
supervision a sufiicient number of deputies to permit of the work of treatment being
closely watched and so kept up to the standards provided for by the order.
For reasons explained fully in my last report the use of a standard lime and
sulphur dip was again made compulsory, the only exception to this rule being at the
vat of Mr. John Lineham who obtained special authority to use crude petroleum from
one of the new Alberta wells. Mr. Lineham was very anxious to have an opportunity
of testing the efficacy of this oil as a cure for mange owing to the fact that certain
crude oils from the Beaumont fields in Texas are being used with good effect in the
treatment of mange as well as in the destruction of ticks. The oil dipping was in
this instance permitted on condition that the owners assumed all risk of injury or death
to the animals dipped, a very necessary precaution in view of the untoward results
following the use of some kinds of crude oil in experiments conducted by the American
40 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
authorities. As an additional precaution and with the purpose of securing reliable
information for our future guidance, a qualified veterinary inspector was detailed to
watch the dipping at Mr. Lineham's vat. His report states that, while the oil was not
in any way injurious to the cattle ,it failed to cure several out of a number of affected
animals which were subjected to this treatment. This is regrettable as the use of oil
is much less troublesome and laborious than that of the lime and sulphur preparation.
One application of the Beaumont oil above-mentioned at an ordinary temperature
ie generally efiicacious; on the other hand the lime and sulphur dip has not only to
be maintained at a high temperature, but, in order to effect a certain cure, should be
applied a second time after an interval of ten or twelve days. The latter limitation is
a very serious one as may be readily seen when the difficulty and inconvenience of
holding large herds for the second dipping are taken into consideration. While in
Texas recently, I made full inquiry as to the special oil above referred to, and am now
arranging to bring in a limited quantity for experimental pi;rposes, although I fear
that the combined burdens of freight and duty will render it too expensive for ordin-
ary use.
The order of 1905 was enforced even more thoroughly and generally than that
of 1904, and its results have been, in a corresponding degree, more satisfactory.
Five hundred and forty-seven thousand seven hundred and five cattle were sub-
mitted to treatment, 422,805 having been dipped a second time. In a country of such
extent, however, the difficulties connected with the enforcement of an order for uni-
versal and compulsory treatment are almost insuperable and therefore, with the object
of avoiding, if possible, the necessity of repeating it this year, I retained the services
of a number of experienced cattle men, who have, during the past winter, been riding
the range for the purpose of detecting any incipient cases of mange and arranging
with owners for their immediate isolation and treatment. These men furnish regular
reports which indicate that, while the disease is not yet entirely stamped out, the
results of our efforts during the past two seasons are highly satisfactory and that by
the exercise of close and careful attention it will be possible in the near future to effect
its complete eradication.
I am satisfied that with the experience which they have now gained of the benefits
resulting from intelligent and systematic methods of treatment, owners wiU never
again permit their cattle to suffer from mange as they have done in the past, especi-
ally as by the erection of dipping plants they have now at hand the means of dealing
with the disease in an economical and effective manner. Many ranchers who were at
first strongly opposed to dipping are now among its most enthusiastic advocates having
found that it adds greatly to the thrift of stock, even when free from mange, by
ridding them of lice and other injurious parasites. A remark frequently heard now-
adays in the range country is that " A good vat is better than a big hay stack,' and
numbers of cattle men have assured me personally that they will dip their stock at
least once a year whether the department orders them to do so or not.
Another great advantage resulting from the present policy is that whereas it was
formerly a matter of great difficulty to secure information as to the existence of mange
in a district or the ownership of affected cattle, it is now the business of every man
who has gone to the trouble and expense of treatment, to see that diseased animals are
properly and promptly dealt with. This very natural tendency towards self protection
is rapidly developing into a general public sentiment of the greatest value to our
officers in enabling them to get early information as to the whereabouts of infected
or suspected animals, as also in enforcing quarantine when such action is found
necessary.
I cannot leave this subject without a reference to the very unfair manner in
which the British agricultural press has attempted, during the recent controversy on
the removal of the restrictions against Canadian cattle, to create a prejudice regarding
our stock because of the existence in this one district of a simple, and under ordinary
conditions, easily treated skin affection. Psoroptic mange of cattle is well known in
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 41
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Great Britain and any one posing as an authority on live stock matters who refers to
it as a malady likely to inflict serious loss or injury on the cattle industry of that
country is deficient in ordinary intelligence or, what is more likely in this particular
instance, common honesty. It is a disease which yields readily to simple treatment,
being in fact very much more easily cured than the troublesome ringworm with which
British and especially Irish cattle are so often affected. On ordinary farms and
among domestic cattle properly handled its appearance causes to the intelligent owner
neither alarm nor loss, though it may induce in him, as in the affected animal, a slight,
temporary sensation of annoyance. If the conditions in Alberta were similar to those
in Britain or in our older provinces the existence of cattle mange would be of very
little importance either to the owners or to the authorities, but among thousands of
semi-wild cattle ranging without* restriction over hundreds of miles of open country
and depending for their sustenance during the whole year on grass alone, it is an
entirely different matter, and one which can only be dealt with by special measures.
Opponents of Canadian cattle in Britain, both in the press and on the platform, have
quoted the figures given in my last year's report of the number of cattle treated as if
they referred to animals actually affected, although the facts are so apparent that a
wayfaring man, though a fool, should be able to comprehend them. As a matter of fact
not more than five per cent of those treated were showing any evidence of disease,
the dipping being made compulsory and universal as a general preventive measure,
having in view the possibility of future infection through unrestricted contact on the
open range. Again much was made of the statement that a number of animals were
dipped a second time. Although the accompanying text of the report showed that
this also was universal, and that at the date of writing only a certain number had
undergone the second treatment, it was sought to convey the impression that these
animals were so dealt with because badly affected when in all likelihood the most
astute British protectionist would have been unable to fin.d a single acarus in the lot.
Every possible precaution is taken to prevent the shipment of any animal in the
slightest degree affected. Cattle intended for export are submitted to a rigid veter-
inary inspection on leaving the district, are again carefully examined at Winnipeg,
and finally pass through the hands of our experienced and reliable staff of export
inspectors before they are permitted to leave the Dominion.
Cattle Mange Statistics for the 12 months ended 31st October, 1905.
In the Xorthwest 99 bands of cattle were quarantined, involving the control of
16,266 cattle.
In Ontario 180 were quarantined at Prescott, several being detected as mangy.
In Quebec 1 animal was detected and 9 quarantined in consequence.
Mange Dipping, 1905.
District Xo. 1st Dip. 2nd Dip.
1 67,517 35,208
2 53,372 52,890
3 7,814 3,179
4 14,744 6,160
5 56,354 41,834
6 31,519 18,801
7 52,829 47,921
8 , 29,411 24,575
10 66,083 65,354
11 57,403 41,341
12 54,878 50,753
13 21,916 20,582
14 33,865 14,207
547,705 422,805
42 DEPARTMENT OF AORICVLTVRE
, 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Cattle Mange Statistics for the 5 months ended Slst March, 1906.
In the Northwest 53 bands of cattle were quarantined, involving the control of
21,069 cattle.
MALADIE DU COIT.
It is somewhat difficult to make a definite report with regard to this disease, as
owing to its exceedingly insidious nature and the difficulty of diagnosis in the earlier
stages, it is possible for it to exist undetected for a considerable time in districts
where its presence is altogether unsuspected.
As stated in my last report, the presence of maladie du coit in Canada was first
discovered in March, 1904, when Inspector Burnett, chief veterinary officer of the
Royal Northwest Mounted Police, reported its existence in a stallion and several
mares, the property of Mr. W. T. McCaugherty, residing near Lethbridge.
In the course of the investigation, which was immediately thereafter inaugurated,
I decided, in order to eliminate any doubt as to the nature of the disease, to ask Dr.
Salmon, then Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry at Washington, to be good
enough to instruct one of his inspectors familiar with maladie du coit to visit Leth-
bridge for the purpose of examining the suspected animals. In response to this
request. Dr. Salmon dispatched to the scene Dr. E. T. Davison, of Rushville, Ne-
braska, an experienced inspector, to whom had been entrusted the work of dealing
with maladie du coit, in South Dakota and other western states. Dr. Davison had no
hesitation in confirming my diagnosis of maladie du coit and so reported to Dr.
Salmon under date May 14, 1904.
The identity of the disease having been thus established, it remained for the de-
partment to decide upon the adoption of a definite policy, having in view its early
and effective eradication,
Maladie du coit, or dourine, is a remarkable disease, inasmuch as while it has
been the subject of research and investigation for upwards of a century, scientists
have not yet been able to agree as to its true nature or the best means of dealing with
it.
As an indigenous disease in Asia and northern Africa, it appears, in these coun-
tries, to run a definite course, which as a rule terminates fatally after the lapse of a
period of from three months to three years.
In Europe, however, and also in America, its behaviour is much more uncertain
and irregular, a feature which, while perhaps not without its advantages in indivi-
dual cases, tends to complicate and render more difficult the task of dealing with it
in a prompt and effective manner.
Owing to the fact that at the time the existence of the disease was discovered in
Alberta, there was no provision for the payment of compensation to owners whose
horses might have been slaughtered, I thought it best to establish a quarantine sta-
tion in which the suspected animals might be detained under observation, with a view
to the destruction of those which might prove to be undoubtedly affected. This was
accordingly done, and in this station were placed the diseased animals discovered in
the first instance, together with a number of others picked up during the summer of
1904 by inspectors specially engaged for that purpose. A few small lots were also
quarantined on the premises of their owners.
On making a second inspection of the suspected animals in the early fall, I was
surprised to find that the disease had not developed to any serious extent, even among
some of the cases which were most clearly marked in the previous spring. . Being
anxious to give the suspects the benefit of any possible doubt, and being also desirous
of acquiring as much information as possible as to the behaviour of the disease in
what was to it an entirely new habitat, I decided, instead of slaughtering any of these
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 43
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
cases, to keep them under observation for a further period, and arrangements were
therefore made to continue the quarantine throughout the winter.
In May, 1905, I again visited Lethbridge, accompanied on this occasion by Dr.
Burnett, chief veterinary officer of the Eoyal Northwest Mounted Police, Dr. Har-
grave, of Medicine Hat, Dr. Warnock, of Pincher Creek, Dr. Higgins, our pathologist,
as well as several other inspectors of the department.
On making an examination, it was found that in a considerable number of the
quarantined mares the disease had made marked progress, while in others but little
change from the conditions shown on previous occasions was noticeable, although the
number of those unquestionably free from disease was very small indeed. Several
cf those in which the symptoms were well marked were slaughtered, the post mortem
examination held in each case showing clearly that the animals were undoubtedly
affected with maladie du coit.
Proceeding cautiously, and making a careful autoj^y on each animal as it was
killed, some 116 head were destroyed. A considerable number, however, in which the
symptoms were not sufficiently well defined to justify me in ordering their slaughter,
were quarantined, some at the station and others on the premises of their various
owners. Three of our inspectors, namely, Burnett, Hargrave and Warnock, each of
whom had had special opportunities to familiarize himself with the disease, were
authorized, under the new regulations issued in July, a copy of which is printed here-
with, to order the slaughter of any clearly marked cases which might be brought under
their observation.
During the summer a number of outbreaks were dealt with by th^e gentlemen
in various parts of Southern Alberta.
In September I again visited the quarantine station, and after examining a
number of animals there, decided to slaughter all except a very few, which after hav-
ing been retained under observation for upwards of twelve months appeared, so far as
I could judge, to be quite healthy.
At this time also, in addition to the officers already mentioned, I authorized Dr.
Gallivan, of Lethbridge, to order the slaughter of affected animals, and to deal gen-
erally with any outbreaks of the disease which might be reported to him. At the same
time, in consideration of the fact that, as stated above, the knowledge of this disease
possessed by the veterinary profession, even among those who have had most experi-
ence with it, is very far from complete, I, with the approval of the minister, arranged
for the utilization of the existing quarantine station at Lethbridge for experimental
work. A house and stable were erected in close proximity to the corrals, and within
the fenced inclosure of 1,800 acres which had been provided the previous year, and
Dr. Hadwen, our inspector at Nelson, B.C., a gentleman who has given considerable
attention to pathological research work, was placed in charge, a number of condemned
animals being left at his disposal.
A bulletin furnishing a description of the symptoms has been widely distributed
among farmers and horse-breeders in the West and elsewhere, with the view of enabl-
ing them to more readily recognize the disease should it make its appearance among
their animals.
So far the information at present in the possession of the department would indicate
that the disease is with one exception, viz., at Rush Lake, Saskatchewan, confined to
Southern Alberta, where it unfortunately exists in several different localities. Of
the various outbreaks discovered, some are traceable without much difficulty to
animals infected while running on the range near Lethbridge, where the disease,
as already stated, was first recognized in Canada. The actual starting point of the
infection in this case has never been discovered, although there can be no reasonable
doubt that it originated among animals imported from some of the infected districts
in the North-Western United States. Of the other outbreaks, one is traceable to
horses brought from Utah, another to an importation from Oregon, while in a third
case strong suspicion attaches to a band of mares purchased in Montana.
44 DEPARTMENT OF AQRICVLTTJRE
, 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
It is only fair to say that the United States authorities as well as those of several
of the individual states, have reported after investigation, that they have been unable
to find the disease in any of the districts where the suspected animals originated.
The evidence in our possession, however, has an entirely contrary bearing on the case,
and when one remembers the remarkably insidious nature of the disease, and the fact
which is undeniable, that it has existed to a greater, or less, extent on the opsn range,
in several of the Western States for an indefinite period, the reasonable inference i.?
that the presence of maladie du coi't in Alberta is due to infected mares or stallions
imported by persons, let us hope, ignorant of the terrible scourge which they were
introducing among Canadian horses.
As already indicated, it is almost impossible for even an experienced and skilful
veterinarian to diagnose maladie du coit with any certainty during its earlier stages
and when, in addition, it is remembered that individual cases, especially mares, remain
infected for years, while showing practically no visible evidence of disease, it is not
surprising that among the many thousands of horses brought across the line since the
rush of settlement began, there should have been some bearing the germs of this
loathsome malady.
The difficulty of diagnosis remarked upon and regretted by those familiar with
maladie du coit in every country where its presence has been noted, is accentuated in
America by two peculiar and so far, unexplained circumstances. One of these is the
fact that the Trypanosoma Rougeti, or as it is sometimes styled Equiperdum, which
has been detected in the blood and other fluids of affected animals in Asia, in Africa,
and latterly, though with less regularity, in Europe, has never, so far as I am aware,
been recognized on this cojitinent. The constancy of this organism, easily demon-
strated by Lingard in India, and by Buffard and Schneider in Algeria, in both of
which countries the disease is thought to be, and probably is, indigenous, was until
last year, questioned by leading investigators in Europe, notably by Marek, Ivern
and Hutyra, in Hungary. Early in 1905, however, Buflard and Schneider were able
to demonstrate its presence in French cases, and about the same time it was also
recognized by Marek, thus corroborating the work of Nocard and Leclainche, who had
previously identified the organism.
Owing to the interest attaching to this phase of the question, I have thought it
well to publish herewith a translation of the report of Messrs. Buffard and Schneider,
which appeared in the annals of the Pasteur Institute for November, 1905. The other
peculiarity observed in this country is the apparent mildness of the infection in many
cases. In Asia and in Africa, maladie du coit or dourine, as it is there generally termed,
seems, from all accounts, to run a definite course, the symptoms throughout being fairly
well marked and the termination almost invariably fatal within a period of three years
at most.
In America, on the other hand, the infection is frequently much less virulent,
many cases, especially in mares, being so slightly marked as to attract little or no
attention, while some apparently tend towards recovery. Whether or not such cases
would eventually regain the normal condition, and especially, whether they would
become non-infective, our experience in Canada has hitherto been too short to permit
of my offering any opinion.
Available reports regarding maladie du coi't in Southern Europe indicate that tliis
tendency to mildness of attack and generally impaired malignity is also observable
there, although perhaps to a less degree than in America.
When in considering these facts we remember that the apparently specific trypano-
soma, constant and easily isolated in those tropical countries where maladie du coit
has its natural habitat, is exceedingly difficult of detection in Europe, and so far has
been found not at all in America, it surely affords some ground for the hope hinted at
in my report for 1904, that in our aSTorthern and notably healthy climate the disease
may prove to be actually less destructive than we at present fear.
HEALTH OF AXIMALS
45
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
The experiments already referred to are being conducted in the hope of obtaining
a more thorough knowledge than we at present possess regarding this and various
other matters pertaining to the disease.
A number of mares of the doubtful class mentioned above are being held under
close observation. Breeding experiments with stallions both healthy and diseased will
be systematically carried on, and the various results carefully noted. It is also my
intention to remove the ovaries from several of the experimental mares, it having been
found that stallions castrated in the early stages occasionally recover and become
useful work horses. Whether or not similar beneficial results will follow the corres-
ponding operation in the female remains to be seen.
In addition to these practical experiments. Dr. Higgins here, and Dr. Hadwen at
Lethbridge, are engaged in a close study of the pathological conditions presented by
the diseased animals.
In order to give the former an opportunity of working to advantage, I last fall
br'ovight to the biological laboratory three infected mares. Of these one succumbed
to the disease in December, but the others, although they were among those examined
and pronounced diseased by Dr. Davison two years ago, are still alive, one being ap-
parently but little the worse, although the other is evidently breaking down.
Despite all that I have said, it would, in view of the history of this scourge in
other countries, be unwise to relax in the slightest degree our efforts to effect its
eradication, especially as it is at present, so far as known, confined to a comparatively
limited area.
The task, however, is a delicate and difficult one owing to the uncertainty attend-
ing diagnosis and the loose conditions which characterize breeding operations on the
western ranges.
The expenditure to date in compensation for horses slaughtered, while undoubtedly
considerable, is a mere trifle in comparison with the appalling losses sustained in
countries where maladie du coit has been permitted to spread unchecked.
The following are the figures : —
Killed. Value. Compensation.
1904-05 292 $24,045 00 $16,029 94
1905-06 120 10,210 00 6,806 48
Total 412 $34,255 00 $22,836 ^
November 1, 1904, to October 31, 1905.
Post Office. Outbreaks. Slaughtered. Suspected.
. Seven Persons 7 8 17
Macleod 1 1
High River 3 37 4
Spring Point 2 2. 6
Little Plume 10 36 33
Medicine Hat 31 51 92
Gleichen 1 1
Irvine 1 1
Coleridge 1 1
Woolchester 3 2 4
Eagle Butte 4 1 6
Lethbridge 4 1 3
Cardston 4 34 2
Quarantine grounds, Lethbridge . . 116
72
292
207
46
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
November 1, 1905— March 31, 1906.
District. Outbreaks.
Little Plume 2
Seven Persons 2
Cardston 3
Medicine Hat 5
Taylorville 1
Brunton 1
Lethbridge 3
Rush Lake 1
Nanton 1
Calgary 1
Macleod 2
Stirling 3
Spring Point 1
Millarville 1
High River 3
Willow Creek 1
Tabor 1
Raymond 1
Peigan Creek
Okotoks
Magrath
Linebam
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Slaughtered. Suspected.
7
5
4
18
15
2
4
7
1
1
2
8
1
1
35
6
2
1
5
2
8
2
4
15
1
35
6
1
6
19
2
33
120
112
The following amended regulations were authorized by Order in Council dated
the 22nd day of July, 1905, in virtue of * The Animal Contagious Diseases Act
1903 ' :—
' 1. No animal which is affected, or suspected of being affected, with Maladie du
Colt shall be permitted to run at large or to come in contact with any animal which
is not so affected, and no such animal shall, in any case, be used for breeding pur-
poses.
' 2. Any Veterinary Inspector may declare to be an infected place within the
meaning of " The Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903," any common, field, stable
or other place or premises where animals are found which are affected or suspected of
being affected with Maladie du Coit.
' 3. No animal shall be removed out of an infected place without a license signed
by an Inspector.
' 4. The Veterinary Director General may, from time to time, order the slaughter,
castration, or other disposition of animals affected with Maladie du Coit.
* 5. Every Veterinary Inspector shall have full power to order animals affected,
or suspected of being affected with Maladie du Coit to be collected for inspection, and,
when necessary, to be detained and isolated or otherwise dealt with in accordance with
the instructions of the Veterinary Director General, and no indemnity shall be allow-
ed to the owner in case of damage arising out of or resulting from such actions, ex-
cept as hereinafter provided.
' 6. The expenses of and incidental to the collection, isolation, seizure, castration
or otherwise dealing with horses for the purposes of these Regulations shall be borne
by the owners of the animals.
' 7. No entire horse or ridgling more than one year old shall be permitted to run
at large on unfenced lands in the Province of Alberta or in that portion of the Pro-
vince of Saskatchewan lying west of the third principal Meridian.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 47
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
' 8. Any entire horse or ridgling more than one year old found running at large
within the area defined above may be seized and held on the order of any duly author-
ized Veterinary Inspector of the Department of Agriculture, who shall forthwith
whenever possible notify the owner of the said horse of such seizure, and the said
horse, if not claimed within thirty days of such seizure, may be castrated, and no
indemnity shall be allowed to the owner in case of damage arising out of or resulting
from said castration, seizure or detention.
' 9. Animals affected with Maladie du Coit may, on an order signed by a duly
appointed "Veterinary Inspector acting under special instructions from the Veterinary
Director General, be forthwith slaughtered, and the carcasses disposed of as in such
order provided, and compensation may be paid to the owners of such animals if and
when the Act so provides.
* 10. Before an order is made for the payment of compensation in any of the cases
aforesaid there must be produced to the Minister of Agriculture a satisfactory report,
order for slaughter and certificate of valuation and slaughter, all signed by an Inspec-
tor.
' J. G. RUTHERFORD,
Veterinary Director General,
* Health of Animals Branch,
' Department of Agriculture,
* Ottawa.'
THE IDENTITY OF DOLRINE.
Buffard and Schneider.
Even until recently some doubt appeared to exist regarding the presence of a
specific trypanosome in the dourine of Europe. "We have successively seen Thanhoffer,
Lidemann and Marek in Hungary, and Tchernogorow in Russia declare that they have
not been able to reveal the presence of trypanosomata in subjects infected with authen-
tic dourine. Prof. Marek was even led by his negative evidences to admit the exist-
ence'of two dourines, one due to a trypanosome being seen in Algiers, the other, of
which the causal agent was still to be determined, constituting the European affection.
A certain tendency to consider this double theory plausible has since been manifest-
ed in some scientific circles, and in some medical literature.
"We have, from the first, held firmly that the Algerian trypanosomiasis was actu-
ally the true dourine or ' mal du coit ' that which was studied by Signol, Saint Cyr,
Trasbot, Laquerriere, Blaise, Nocard, Rouget, ourselves, and, as supporting our
conclusions, Nocard, Martinet and Bremond, who carried on an experimental dourine
farm after examining some animals which served as our proofs that dourine was of
trypanosomian origin. In all that concerned the possibility of a dourine or of a
European pseudo-dourine, we maintained the greatest reser^-e, having regard to the
difficulty of the bacteriological diagnosis of dourine on the one hand, and to the small
number of inoculations or their entire absence in the apparently negative cases. The
facts have since, as it appears to us, solved the question both in France and Hungary.
In France dourine makes its appearance nearly every year upon the Spanish frontier,
in the Department of the Lower Pyrenees. The mares of the districts near the frontier
are sent during the summer into pastures common to France and Spain, where they
are served by stallions which are often affected with dourine. Many owners, however,
act as do the Arabs, that is to say, that they first have a mare served by a jackass,
then if she does not hold they send her to a stallion. The jackasses perform service on
both sides of the frontier and most frequently infect the mares, which in their turn,
infect the stallions of the national breeding studs, or those owned by private parties.
Nay more, through purchases made in Spain, mares probably infected are frequently
48 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
, 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
introduced into France ; the enzootic outbreak of 1903, was thus caused by Spanish
mares brought into France.
In 1886, 34 mares and 4 stallions died in the canton of Accous; in 1890 some
cases were observed in the valley of Aspe; in 1898 the stallion Kars of the national
stud at Pau infected 37 mares. In 1903 many mares had, in fact, already succviuibed
to mal du coit when the sanitary service was advised of the situation; it was only
possible to find two private stallions affected which succumbed shortly afterwards.
In 1904 the national stallion ' Lusignan,' was sent for observation to the veterinary
school at Toulouse on suspicion of dourine, because of symptoms which he presented,
and which consisted principally of an extensive odema of the sheath and scrotum.
Latterty he presented on the sides, on the neck and on the croup rounded protuber-
ances having the character of hematomes which appeared and disappeared at irregular
intervals. Some lameness of the hind limbs supervened accompanied by paralysis
of the crural muscles and loss of power in the hind quarters. This stallion finally
recovered. Different inoculations with fresh blood were in very large doses adminis-
tered to dogs and rabbits, but gave no result. Microscopic examination of the blood was
constantly negative. This stallion having served 37 mares, Professor Leclainche will-
ingly invited us to examine them at certain places where they were collected. Foiir
mares were declared dourine suspects. The symptoms which they presented were
vague enough, but the stallion which had served them presented such evident signs
of dourine that less could not be done than to put them under the supervision of the
sanitary service. Blood taken from the tip of the ear and from the vagina of two of
these mares showed after long and minute examination some very sparse trypanosomes.
A dog and a rabbit received respectively the first 50 c.c, the second 20 c.c, of blood
from the Jugular of another of these suspected mares. The rabbit died some days
afterwards from septicaemia. On the dog, which was carefully watched every day,
there appeared on the seventh day, at the point of inoculation, a swelling about the
size of a hazel nut in the sero-sanguinous fluid of which we found trypanosomes in
sufficient numbers which we submitted to the confirmatory examination of Messrs.
Leclainche and Laveran. To this swelling, supervening at the point of inoculation,
the symptoms of dourine in the dog were confined.
Let us add that three of the mares declared suspected by the sanitary commissioii
died after having presented the typical symptoms of dourine. A private stallion was
also castrated for dourine in the same district as that in which the affected mares lived.
We desire above all to deduct from this enzootic, interesting on more than one account,
the difficulty of bacteriological diagnosis and the positive discovery of the Trypan-
osoma Eougeti in the dourine of France.
In Hungary, after having failed for a long time in his search for the trypanosome.
Prof. Marek has finally found it in the blood of a stallion affected with dourine and
has willingly announced to the International Congress of Veterinary Medicine at
Buda Pesth, that he would withdraw the reservations which he has expressed on the
subject of a specific trypanosome in Hungarian dourine.
We will not close this note without tendering our hearty thanks to Prof. Leclainche
for the great obligation he has rendered us in facilitating our researches and in per-
mitting tis to demonstrate the single nature of dourine.
MANGE IN HOESES.
I am glad to be able to report that, in consequence of the stringent measrires
adopted for its suppression, mange in horses has entirely disappeared from many dis-
tricts where it formerly prevailed to a greater or less extent. In the eastern provinces
and in Manitoba, the work of our inspectors has of course been much simplified by
the comparative ease with which the disease can be treated among domesticated
animals. On the western ranges the dipping plants, established in conformity with the
provisions of the compulsory cattle dipping orders, have been largely instrumental
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 49
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a ' ■. " . - '.
in bringing about its eradication. The lime and sulphur mixture used in dipping cat-
tle is equally effective in curing that variety of scabies which affects horses and the
numerous conveniently situated vats were consequently utilized in its treatment with
most gratifying results. Isolated cases are still found here and there, but they are
few in number and being, as a rule, detected early and dealt with promptly, the disease
has but little opportunity to spread. The majority of owners are now much more
fully alive than formerly to the importance of keeping a close watch on their horses
with the view of detecting in the early stages this and other diseases to which they may
be exposed. They have learned that breeding or buying horses to let them die of
disease is not a paying proposition and that the old slip-shod range methods are not
conducive to money making under present conditions. In some cases the educative
process has been rather costly, but if the lesson is once thoroughly learned that on
the range, as elsewhere, it pays to treat horses well and to look after them properly
our western horse breeding industry will in future be much more prosperous and
profitable that it has been in the past.
Statistics for period between November 1, 1905, and March SI, 1906.
Outbreaks. Animals Affected.
Northwest Territories 121 423
Ontario 29 40
Quebec 170 248
Manitoba 12 47
New Brunswick 8 8
Yukon 3 16
British Columbia 1 1
344 783
SHEEP SCAB.
With the exception of one outbreak in Southern Alberta, and another in British
Columbia, both due to imported sheep, and a few isolated cases in Ontario and Quebec,
all of which had been promptly and, so far as it was possible to judge, effectively dealt
with, the Dominion had been for some years practically free from sheep scab. Most
of the outbreaks in Ontario had been brought to the notice of the department through
the agency of the veterinary inspector, who, since 1902, has been entrusted with the
supervision of the animals passing through the markets at Toronto, so that no particu-
lar surprise was felt when, in November, 1904, that ofiicer reported the existence of
the disease in a consignment of sheep from Chatsworth, Ont. The matter was at once
taken up, one of our inspectors being instructed to proceed to Chatsworth immediately
and investigate the circumstances, with a view to taking such steps as might prove
necessary to keep the disease under control. Before his report came to hand, how-
ever, a letter was received from the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry at
Washington, stating that a consignment of Canadian sheep originating in Thamesville,
Ont., and which arrived in Buffalo, N.Y., on November 26, were affected with scab.
Investigation failed to locate the origin of the disease in this instance, although the
fact that a number of the farmers from whom the sheep in question were purchased
had sold out their entire stocks was rather suspicious.
Under date of December 21st, Dr. Salmon again reported the discovery at Buffalo
of two consignments of scabby sheep among the bonded Canadian animals intended for
exportation to Europe. These shipments, which also came from western Ontario,
were very naturally objected to by the American authorities, who intimated that they
were seriously considering the necessity of requiring Canadian sheep intended for
15a— 4
50 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
, 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
immediate slaughter, or for export, to be inspected and certified to in the same manner
as sheep for breeding, grazing or feeding purposes. Realizing to the full the serious-
ness of the situation, I sent as many of our qualified inspectors as could be spared
into the districts from which the infected animals had come, with instructions to
make a thorough and careful examination of all sheep wherever found. At the same
time I asked Dr. Salmon to suspend judgment until such time as it was possible to
ascertain the actual conditions. The results of our investigation were so:cewhat dis-
couraging, showing, as they did, that sheep scab existed in a very large number of
flocks chiefly in the county of Middlesex, although outbreaks were also discovered in
the counties of Lambton, Huron, Kent, Wentworth, Lincoln, Perth, Grey, Frontenac,
Lennox, York, Haldimand and Norfolk, in Ontario, as also in the county of Berthier,
in Quebec. The majority of these outbreaks were traced to a common origin in a
herd of breeding sheep, the disease having been conveyed through the agency of in-
dividual animals sold for use in other flocks.
In every case where the existence of disease was discovered the affected animals
were placed under strict quarantine; while, after the discovery of the infective centre
above referred to, a number of flocks were placed under restrictions because of sus-
picion attaching to animals recently purchased by their owners, although showing no
actual evidence of disease.
To remove any doubt as to the powers of inspectors and for purposes of general
information, it was thought best to amend and bring up to date the regulations re-
lative to sheep scab made under the authority of the Animal Contagious Diseases Act.
This was accordingly done and the regulations in question, amended as follows, were
distributed widely throughout the country : —
REGULATIONS RELATING TO SHEEP SCAB.
'By Order in Council dated 31st March, 1905, in virtue of "The Animal Contagious
Diseases Act, 1903."
' 1. No sheep which is affected with or has been exposed to sheep scab shall bo
permitted to run at large or to come in contact with any animal which is not sn
affected.
' 2. Every person having in his possession or keeping a sheep affected with scab
shall forthwith cause such animal to be treated in a manner satisfactory to the nearest
veterinary inspector.
' 3. Any veterinary inspector may declare to be an infected place within the
meaning of " The Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903," any place or premises, or
any steamship or steam or other vessels, or any railway car or other vehicle, where the
contagion of scab is known or suspected to exist.
' 4. Every veterinary ' inspector shall have full power to order sheep affected or
suspected of being affected with scab to be collected for inspection and, when neces-
sary, to be detained, isolated or treated in accordance with the instructions of the
veterinary director general. '
' 5. The expense of and incidental to such collection, isolation and treatment shall
be borne by the owners of the sheep and, if advanced by the inspector, shall, until
paid, be 'a charge upon the said sheep, without prejudice, however, to the recovery of
any penalty for the infringement of these regulations or of " The Animal Contagious
Diseases Act.."
' 6. Inspectors are hereby authorized to order the slaughter of any sheep found to
be affected with sheep scab, or suspected of being so affected, subject to compensation if
and when the Act so provides, and to order the disposition of the carcases of such
animals.
' 7. Before an order is made for the payment of compensation in any of the cases
aforesaid, there must be produced to the Minister a satisfactory report, order for
slaughter, certificate of valuation and slaughter, and certificate of cleansing and dis-
infection, all signed by the inspector.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 51
SESSIONAL PAPER No, 15a
* 8. No sheep, or any part thereof, shall be removed out of an infected place with-
out a license signed by an inspector.
' 9. Every yard, stable, or outhouse or other place or premises, and every wagon,
cart, carriage, car or other vehicle and every vessel and every utensil or other thing
infected with scab shall be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected by and at the expense
of the owner or occupier in a manner satisfactory to a veterinary inspector.
' J. G. EUTHEEFORD,
' Veterinary Director General.
* Health of Animals Branch,
' Department of Agriculture,
' Ottawa.'
As a further precautionary measure against the spread of the disease, and with
the special object of preventing the shipment of affected sheep for exportation, the
following order was issued: —
Department of Agriculture.
Ottawa, March 23, 1905.
' NOTICE is hereby given that, under the provisions of the " Animal Contagious
Diseases Act, 1903," I do hereby declare that a contagious disease of animals, known
as sheep scab, exists in the townships of North Dorchester, London, McGillivray,
East Williams and Ekfrid, in the county of Middlesex; Warwick, Brook and Dawn,
in the county of Lambton; Zone, Camden and Chatham in the county of Kent, in
the province of Ontario, in this Dominion, and that hereafter all persons are strictly
forbidden to move any live sheep whatever out of the said townships, except as here-
inafter provided.
' The shipment of sheep from the said townships is hereby authorized under the
following conditions: —
' 1. The shipment from the said townships of live sheep intended for export from
Canada may be permitted, provided that each carload, or part thereof, is accompanied
by a certificate of inspection, signed by one of the regularly appointed inspectors of
this department, stating that the sheep comprising such carload or part thereof, are
free from disease and in every way fit for immediate slaughter. Such sheep must also
be described in the way bill accompanying them as being for immediate slaughter and
for no other purpose.
' 2. The shipment of sheep from the said townships for other purposes, to points
within the Dominion of Canada, may be permitted, provided that each shipment is
accompanied by a certificate of inspection signed by one of the regularly appointed
inspectors of this department, stating that the sheep comprising the same are free
from disease, and have not been in contact with affected animals.
' 3. Shippers must notify the nearest inspector, not less than twenty-four hours
previously, of the exact time and place of the intended shipment.
' Geo. F. O'Hallora^-,
' Deputy Minister.'
At the same time the official veterinary surgeons residing within a radius of five
miles of any township in which an authentic case of sheep scab had occurred were
notified to refrain from issuing the usual health certificates for sheep about to be
exported to the United States.
It was, of course, impossible to do much in the way of treatment until later in
the season, but with the advent of warmer weather all the affected flocks, as well as a
considerable number of those held on suspicion, were subjected to repeated and sys^
tematic dipping. The mixture used for this purpose was the standard lime and sul-
phur dip which has for the past two seasons been employed with marked success in
15a— 4i
52 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
, 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
dealing with mange, until recently, so prevalent among our western range cattle.
"With one or two somewhat notable exceptions, owners and breeders of sheep, real-
izing the extent to which their own interests were involved, worked harmoniously
with our inspectors and assisted them in every possible way, both in locating infected
animals and in enforcing the regulations.
Some little difficulty was experienced in inducing the United States authorities
to admit sheep from districts in which outbreaks of the disease had taken place,
but this was finally overcome through the issuing of special certificates for such
shipments by the regular salaried inspectors dealing with the disease.
I am very glad to be able to report that the various measures outlined above
proved eminently successful, and that the disease has apparently been mastered in
each of the various localities where its existence was brought to light. Repeated and
careful inspections of the flocks formerly infected have failed to discover the existence
of the disease, except in one isolated instance where a small flock of sheep in Kent
county was found to be still affected. These animals have been properly dealt with
and, although still kept under supervision, are, I think entirely free from disease.
Quite recently our inspector on Toronto market reported finding some sus-
picious cases among sheep sent there for sale. As a result of the investigation which
followed another small flock in the vicinity of Toronto has been placed under quaran-
tine, although in this case only on suspicion.
With these exceptions the country appears to be free from scab, a fact which,
in view of the alarming conditions existing a year ago, is certainly very gratifying.
In dealing with sheep scab, however, as with many other contagious diseases, eternal
vigilance is the price of safety, and our self-congratulation should, in this instance
especially, be very moderate, in view of the possibility, illustrated by this outbreak,
of the disease existing wide-spread throughout closely peopled communities among
sheep owned by intelligent and experienced breeders, and under the constant obser-
vation of scores of veterinary surgeons.
As already stated elsewhere, precautions have been taken to prevent the possibility
of infected sheep from Ontario reaching American markets in future, by making pro-
vision for their inspection before leaving the country.
The provisions of the following order are now strictly enforced : —
' In virtue of the authority given me by the provisions of Sections 58 and 73 of
the Order in Council of the 30th March, 1904, contai'ning regulations relating to
Animals Quarantine,, I do hereby give notice that, on and after this date, all sheep
consigned from points in the Province of Ontario to Buffalo markets, whether in-
tended for export to Europe or not, must be inspected at Bridgeburg by a regularly
appointed veterinary inspector of this department, and must not be permitted to
leave Canada unless accompanied by a certificate of the said inspector to the effect
that they are free from contagious and infectious disease, and otherwise fit for export.
' Sheep consigned from Ontario to points in the United States other than Buffalo,
must be inspected and certified in a similar manner by a regularly appointed veter-
inary inspector at the place of crossing the International boundary, except when shipped
via Montreal, in which case they shall be inspected at that place.
' This order shall not apply to sheep for breeding, grazing or feeding, which are
accompanied by a certificate signed by a Canadian official veterinarian stating that no
contagious disease affecting sheep has existed in the district in which the animals have
been kept for six months preceding the date of exportation, or to sheep which are
accompanied by a certificate signed by a regularly appointed veterinary inspector of
this department stating that they have been twice dipped in lime and sulphur dip
of a strength equal to that required by the United States regulations.'
'A. L. JAEVIS,
'Acting Deputy Minister of Agriculture.
' Ottawa, September 26, 1905.'
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 53
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Sheep Scab Statistics for the Twelve Months ended October 31, 1905.
In Ontario 446 animals were found to be affected with Sheep Scab, involving
the quarantine of 1,565 sheep on 94 premises, distributed as follows : —
County. No Affected. No. Quarautined.
Lambton 128 203
Kent 46 163
Middlesex 99 621
Frontenac 72 99
Wentworth 3 8
Toronto 8 100
Lincoln 12 12
Huron 10 10
Norfolk 20 81
Perth 3 13
Lennox 6 58
Grey 38 40
Haldimand 1 98
Simcoe '. . .. 9
Nipissing . . 50
446 1,565
Quebec.
One hundred and forty-five sheep in the vicinity of La Bale du Febvre were quar-
antined on suspicion and subsequently released.
Forty-two animals, eight of which were affected, were quarantined at St. Norbert.
Sheep Scab Statistics for the 5 months ended March SI, 1906.
In Ontario seventeen animals were found to be affected, involving the quarantine
of 255 sheep, distributed as follows: —
County. No. Affected. No. Quarantined.
Kent 4 11
Middlesex 7 43
Toronto city 6 6
North York ' . . . . 195
17 255
AXTHRAX.
Outbreaks of anthrax have occurred in several different localities. When reported
to the department or to our inspectors direct, these have been promptly dealt with
although in some cases delay has occurred through mistakes in diagnosis on the part
of owners and attending veterinarians. In several instances human beings became
infected through handling 'the carcasses of dead animals and at least two deaths oc-
curred. In this connection, I would again take occasion to impress upon all and
sundry the paramount importance of caution in dealing with the carcasses of animals
which die suddenly or from unexplained or indefinite causes. It is by no means an
tflicommon occurrence for butchers to become infected through skinning animals
which have died from anthrax, while veterinarians occasionally contract the disease
in treating affected animals or in making post-mortem examinations. In this connec-
tion I would call attention to the circular reproduced on page 67, which gives full
instructions as to forwarding specimens to the biological laboratory for examination
in cases where there is difficulty in forming an opinion as to the nature of any out-
54 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
break of disease. Owing to the suddenness of its manifestations and the rapidity with
which fatal results usually supervene, cases of anthrax are comparatively seldom seen by
our inspectors until after death has occurred. Treatment of diseased animals is sel-
dom possible and even less frequently advisable, although in some forms of the dis-
ease recovery occasionally takes place. In dealing with this disease therefore, our
officers generally confine their efforts to securing the proper and early disposal of all
carcasses and debris and the disinfection of stables and other premises which may
have become infected. Preventive inoculation is frequently effective in stopping the
spread of anthrax but, for obvious reasons, our officers do not themselves inoculate
contact animals. Owners are, however, urged to adopt this precaution and in order to
facilitate their efforts anthrax vaccine is supplied by the department at two-thirds of
the usual retail cost.
The following outbreaks were reported and dealt with between November 1, 1904,
and March 31, 1906 :—
Outbreaks. Animals died.
Ontario 4 7
Quebec 1 17
Nova Scotia 3 3
British Columbia 2 7
10 34
BLACK QUAETEE.
Black quarter has, as usual, prevailed to some extent in different parts of the
Dominion. As this disease is not dealt with under the Animal Contagious Diseases
Act, it is not possible to furnish statistics as to the number of outbreaks or of animals
affected.
The practice of preventive inoculation is being very generally adopted.
During the seventeen months ended March 31, 1905, 2,290 doses of blacklegine,
and 31 outfits for injecting same, were sent out from headquarters, and one outfit and
350 doses were sold at Medicine Hat by Dr. Hargrave.
The total sold was therefore 2,740 doses of blacklegine and 32 outfit?.
It must not be forgotten that vaccine is also sold by many druggists throughout
the Dominion, so that the figures quoted above do not by any means indicate the num-
ber of animals treated.
ACTINOMYCOSIS.
Occasional reports reach the department as to the existence of actinomycosis in
various districts of the Dominion. It does not, however, appear to prevail to any ser-
ious extent, although in some localities the herbage is evidently infested with the fun-
gus which gives rise to the disease.
It is not now dealt with by the department, except in so far as the exportation of
infected animals is forbidden.
A few animals were rejected on this account during the past season,
SWAMP FEVEE.
As will be seen from the report of Dr. Torrance, no new light has been obtained
as to the nature and causes of this disease. Fortunately, it has greatly decreased in
prevalence, this fact being, in my opinion, due to the improved drainage of the dis-
tricts in which it was formerly most common.
HEALTH OF AXIMAL8 55
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Much confusion still appears to exist among horse owners and even veterinary sur-
geons, as to the identity of this disease. Many outbreaks of influenza among horses
are credited to swamp fever with the natural consequence that it is generally believed
to prevail to a much greater extent than is actually the case. There is absolutely no
reason for confounding the two diseases, if the following three main points of differ-
ence are borne in mind: —
In genuine swamp fever the appetite continues good, even voracious, until within
a few hours of death, which generally occurs from two to four months after the
animal first becomes affected.
In typhoid influenza the appetite, as a rule, fails almost entirely after the third
day, only returning with the advent of convalescence, ten or fifteen days later. In
fatal cases death usually occurs from ten to twenty days after the first seizure, al-
though as complications often appear, no hard and fast rule can be laid down.
Swamp fever, properly so called, is, in my experience, fatal in at least ninety-
nine per cent of the cases dealt with, while under skilful veterinary care and with
favourable conditions twenty per cent would be a large mortality in typhoid influenza.
There are, of course, many other distinctions palpable to the properly trained
veterinarian, but the three mentioned above should, if carefully borne in mind, enable
any intelligent horseman to differentiate between the two diseases.
EABIES.
An outbreak of rabies was reported from North Portal, Assa., in March, 1905, the
disease having evidently been introduced from North Dakota, where it has been
known to exist for some years. As a general rule, 'it is well to accept with caution
reports as to the existence of rabies, but in the present instance there appears to be no
room for doubt that two animals were actually affected, although the nature of the
disease was not verified. The animals suspected, as well as a number of stray dogs,
were killed, while all others owned in the vicinity were ordered to be muzzled.
No further case occurred in this district until July, when an outbreak of disease
among dogs, which was supposed to be rabies, was discovered at Oxbow. In this in-
stance, one dog was killed by our inspector, and eleven others were destroyed by their
owners. A departmental order was issued, and forwarded to the commissioner of the
R.N.W.M. Police at Regina, to whose discretion the matter of putting it into force
was left. He, however, considered it unnecessary to do so.
Since that time, several reports have been received from the same neighbourhood,
and a number of premises are now in quarantine. The persistence of these peculiar
outbreaks is certainly very suspicious, and I think there can be little doubt that they
are really due to rabies. Though fortunately little harm has been done thus far, this
condition of affairs is most undesirable. Instructions have been issued to secure, and
forward for examination, pathological specimens from suspected cases, so that we may
be enabled to reach a decision as to the true nature of the affection.
Some alarm was caused in London, Ont., by the reported appearance of rabies in
June last. In this case, a small dog bit a child, but as both dog and child were im-
mediately taken to New York, the department was deprived of any opportunity of
verifying the diagnosis.
With a view to forestalling any possible outbreak, and at the same time allaying
public excitement, two of our veterinary inspectors were instructed to co-operate with
the city authorities, and the local Board of Health. A large number of dogs were ex-
amined, several of which, for one reason or another, had bitten human beings, and
were quarantined for some considerable time. No actual case of rabies was found,
which is somewhat remarkable in view of the published report that the first dog men-
tioned was pronounced at the Pasteur Institute at New York to be undoubtedly
affected with that disease.
56
DEPARTMENT OF AORICTJlfURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
The most striking feature of the investigation conducted by the officers of this
department at London was the information obtained as to the large number of human
beings bitten by dogs within a very short space of time. Many of our Canadian cities
and towns are simply over-run with useless mongrels, which as matters now stand are
an almost intolerable nuisance, and which, in case of an outbreak of rabies, would
prove a most serious menace to public health. In view of this possibility, I think
steps should be taken to impress upon municipal authorities the advisability of in-
creasing to a considerable extent the taxation on dogs.
As no regulations relating to rabies were in existence the following were estab-
lished by Order in Council dated August 10, 1905 : —
'By Order in Council dated 10th August, 1905, in virtue of
Diseases Act, 190S."
The Animal Contagious
' 1. No dog or other animal which is affected with or has been exposed to the
infection of rabies, shall be permitted to run at large, or to come in contact with
other animals.
* 2. Any veterinary inspector may declare to be an infected place within the mean-
ing of " The Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903," any place or premises where the
infection of rabies is known or suspected to exist.
' 3. Veterinary inspectors are hereby authorized to order the slaughter of any dog
or other animal affected with rabies, or susi>ected of being so affected, and to order
the disposition of the carcase of such animal.
* 4. Veterinary inspectors are hereby authorized to order dogs or other animals
which have been exposed to the infection of rabies, to be detained, isolated or muzzled.
* 5. No dog or other animal, nor any part thereof, shall be removed out of an
infected place without a license signed by an inspector.
' 6. Every yard, stable, or outhouse, or other place or premises, and every wagon,
cart, carriage, car or other vehicle, and every vessel and every utensil or other thing
infected or suspected of being infected with rabies, shall be thoroughly cleansed and
disinfected by and at the expense of the owner or occupier in a manner satisfactory
to a veterinary inspector.
' Y. On receiving the report of an inspector to the effect that rabies is known or
suspected to exist in any locality, the Minister of Agriculture may order that all dogs,
or other animals, within such an area as he may determine or describe, shall be de-
tained, isolated or muzzled during such period as he may see fit.
' Health of Animals Branch,
'Department of Agriculture,
' Ottawa.'
J. G. Eutherford,
Veterinary Director General.
BIOLOGICAL LABOEATORY.
The work performed at the Biological Laboratory has been of an eminently
satisfactory nature. The large quantities of mallein required in the active campaign
now being waged against glanders would have entailed a very considerable expendi-
ture had it been necessary to secure this preparation from outside sources. Dr.
Higgins has, however, been able to supply all demands, and I have good ground for
hope that this institution will shortly be in a position to furnish some at least of the
other preparations which we are now compelled to purchase elsewhere. Since the date
of my last report two additions have been made to the purely pathological staff of
the branch in the persons of Dr. A. Watson, who was engaged as assistant to Dr. Hig-
gins in April, 1905, and Dr. S. Hadwen, formerly inspector at Nelson, B.C., who was
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 57
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
in September last placed in charge of the experiment station established at Lethbridge
for the purpose of conducting an investigation into the disease known as maladie du
coit. A large number of pathological specimens have been examined during the
period covered by this report, with great benefit to our inspectors and others by en-
abling them to decide as to the exact nature of outbreaks of disease and to deal with
them accordingly.
Two small buildings have been erected at the laboratory for the accommodation
of experimental animals. These supply a long felt want, but I would again urge upon
you the advisability of providing a well equipped, sanitary stable iu which it would
be possible to carry on research work under safe and scientific conditions.
The report of Dr. Higgins will be found both interesting and instructive.
The following circular has been sent to all veterinary practitioners and others to
whom it is likely to be of use: —
Dominion of Canada,
Department of Agriculture,
Health of Animals Branch.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR SENDING SPECIMENS FOR MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION.
In forwarding specimens of diseased tissues or organs for diagnostic purposes the
following suggestions should be noted and carefully carried out in order to insure
their arrival at the laboratory in good condition.
Specimens for' Pathological Examination.
Unless a specimen is so remarkable and characteristic that it should be preserved
as an exhibition or museum specimen, it is unnecessary to send large portions. Small
portions about an inch cube well selected from different regions are sufficient. They
should be taken in such a manner as to exhibit the normal tissue passing into the
diseased tissue. Together with the material which shows actual lesions, portions of
an inch cube should be taken from the lung, heart, liver, spleen and kidney. In many
instances the microscopical lesions in apparently healthy organs give the clue to the
affection from which the animal suffered. These small portions should be placed in
a wide mouthed bottle or jar, with at least five times their volume of alcohol, or
better still a 4 per cent .solution of formaldehyde.
Specimens from different animals should be placed in separate containers.
Large specimens may be packed in ice or frozen.
nog Cholera.
Where this disease is suspected, in addition to the material above designated, a
portion of the intestine is necessary, consisting of the last portion of the small intes-
tine and the first portion of the large intestine, including the ileo-caecal valve.
Specimens for Bacteriological Examination.
Bacteriological specimens are easily contaminated by the many putrefactive
organisms which exist in the air and soil and, with few exceptions, must be taken
by some one thoroughly trained in bacteriological methods.
Anthrax. — A few drops of blood from an animal suspected of having died of
this disease, ^placed on a clean piece of note paper, allowed to dry in the air, folded,
placed in an envelope and forwarded to the laboratory provides sufficient material for
diagnostic purposes.
58 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
, 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
SpecimeBS for examination should be accompanied by a letter giving complete
information concerning the case in qiiestion, with its history, clinical symptoms, &c.
Specimens must be labelled in order that they may be identified. The name and
address of the owner of the animal and the name and address of the sender of the
material are necessary in order that records may be kept and reports promptly for-
warded to the proper parties.
Specimens not exceeding five pounds in weight after being securely packed, to
prevent breakage of the containers or leakage (see section 106 and section 107, page xx,
Canada Postal Guide), should be sent by mail.
Specimens exceeding five pounds in weight should be sent by express.
Specimens should be addressed, J. G. Eutherford,
Biological Laboratory, Veterinary Director General.
Ottawa, Canada.
EXPORT INSPECTIONS.
The work of inspecting cattle and sheep for export to Britain has been, as hither-
to, carefully conducted at Montreal, St. John and Halifax. During the past season
a number of cattle were shipped from Western Ontario via Buffalo, direct to United
States seaports, and these, in accordance with section 58, which was added to the
regulations two years ago, were inspected at Bridgeburg before being permitted to
cross the boundary. In order to guard against the possibility of any cattle affected
with mange in the first stages being passed by our inspectors at the time of ship-
ment from the quarantined area in Alberta and Saskatchewan, arrangements were
made for a second veterinary examination of all export cattle on arrival at Winnipeg.
This precaution, in conjunction with the final inspection before leaving Canada,
makes it almost impossible for any animal, no matter how slightly affected, to escape
detection. As a number of cattle are shipped from the range country to British
Columbia for immediate slaughter, I deemed it advisable to make arrangements for
the cleansing and disinfection, after being unloaded, of all cars used for their trans-
portation. At points where we have resident inspectors this work is supervised by
them, while at other points it is looked after by specially appointed lay officers, a
number of whom are provincial constables. It is a serious question as to whether or
not a more stringent policy should be adopted with regard to the inspection and cer-
tification of horses shipped from Southern Alberta and other places where contagious
disease is known to prevail. At the present time all horses exported from a consider-
able area in Alberta are subject to inspection for mange, and any animals showing
clinical symptoms of this and other more serious diseases are, therefore, likely to be
detected by our officers. I am not sure, however, that this inspection is a sufficient
safeguard, and am carefully considering the feasibility of making it considerably
more rigid.
Owing to the detection by United States officers on the Buffalo market of some
cases of scab among sheep shipped from Western Ontario, it was decided, after tak-
ing all possible steps to trace and stamp out the disease, to station an inspector at
Bridgeburg with the object of preventing the recurrence of incidents of this nature.
The services of Dr. Philps being no longer required in the area under restrictions for
hog-cholera, he was transferred to Bridgeburg and arrangements were made with the
railway authorities for the erection of suitable yards for the detention and exami-
nation of all Canadian sheep crossing the boundary at that point. His services are
also utilized for the inspection of export cattle there entering the United States in
bond for shipment to Europe. After his arrival in Bridgeburg, until the trade was
brought to an end he also inspected, before shipment, the hogs purchased in Buffalo
on account of Canadian packers.
Arrangements have likewise been made for the inspection of Canadian sheep
entering the United States at other points. This trade is of considerable importance
HEALTH OF ANIMALS
59
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
to Canadian sheep raisers and the slight inconvenience caused to shippers by the
inspection is of little moment in comparison with the loss which would follow exclu-
sion from the American markets.
Table showing animals inspected for export at the following ports for the twelve
months ended October 31, 1905.
/
Horses. Cattle. ' Sheep.
Swine.
Montreal to Great Britain
No. i No.
432 120.550
No.
33,064
27,873
16,304
No.
1.50
Inspected at Montreal for shipment to Great
33,542
30,627
600
St John N B to Great Britain
68
Hahfax "
18
2,049
978
105
276
16
274
St John N B to South Africa
145
67
65
20
898
13
2,345
278
27
12
14
13
Hahfax to Xewfoundland
3
23
10
24
1,261
23
«
4
10 ^
25
47,707
690
■ ■
Total
761
188,070
131,600
181
Total animals exported from above ports, 320.612.
Of the above 37 horses, 26,685 cattle and 7,627 sheep were from the United States
ai'.d Mexico.
Animals inspected for Export from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906.
Horses.
Cattle.
Sheep.
Swine.
Montreal to Great Britain
Xo.
247
No.
14,970
10,469
25,472
1,042
257
144
450
4
145
No.
920
11,137
1,811
Xo.
Inspected at Montreal for shipment to Great
Britain ^^a Boston and Portland
St. John, N.B., to Great Britain
65
Halifax "
Bridgeburg "
973
Toronto "
St. John, N.B., to South Africa
Charlottetown to West Indies
14
2
T
Charlottetown to Xewfoundland
422
6
62
189
80
HaUfax to Newfotindland
Sydney, N.S., to St. Pierre and Miquelon. . .
22
7
34
Halifax to Bermuda
Halifax to Jamaica
8
4
Halifax to France
150
Bridgeburg to United States
55,888
354
384
574
Windsor "
Montreal "
Prescott "
Total
337
53,1.32
73,100
38
Total animals exported from above ports, 126,607.
Of the above, 12,288 cattle were from the United States.
60 DEPARTMENT OF AORICULTURE
J 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
E^voRT animals rejected at following ports in twelve months ending October 31, 1905.
—
Horses.
Cattle.
Sheep.
No.
17
No.
219
21
No.
117
St John
14
Total
17
240
131
Of the above, sixty-eight cattle at Montreal and two at St. John were rejected
for actinomycosis, and forty-three at Montreal for mange.
Of the horses, eight were rejected on account of strangles, and nine for influenza.
The rest of the animals rejected were suffering from lameness, or injuries re-
ceived during transportation and showed no indication of contagious or infectious
disease.
Export animals rejected at the following ports between November 1, 1905, and March
31, 1906.
Cattle.
Sheep.
No.
38
3
No.
31
St John
"
Total
41
31
Of the above nineteen cattle at Montreal and three at St. John were rejected for
actinomycosis. The rest of the animals rejected were suffering from lameness, or
injuries received during transportation, and showed no indication of contagious or
infectious disease.
IMPORTATIONS.
From November 1, 1904, to October 31, 1905, permits were issued as follows : —
From.
Horses.
Cattle.
Sheep,
Swine.
Mexico
No.
50
No.
700
85
No.
No.
378
142
During the past five months, November 1 to March 31, permits were issued to
import the following stock : —
From Mexico, 1,000 cattle ; from Great Britain, 92 cattle, 15 sheep.
HEALTH OF A^'IMALS
61
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Import Inspections from Europe from November 1, 1904, to October 31, 1905.
Ports.
Horses. ' Cattle.
Sheep.
Swine.
Goats.
Levis Quarantine Station
No.
33
694
41
33
No.
52
No.
342
No. No.
74 17
St. John, N.B
26
Halifax
1
1
Total
801
78 342
74
17
Import Inspections from Europe from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906.
Ports.
Horses.
Cattle.
Quebec
No.
3
43
243
No.
3
Montreal . .
St. John, N.B
10
Total . .
289
13
Import Inspections from United States from November 1, 1904, to October 31, 1905.
Port.
Horses.
Cattle.
Sheep.
Swine. Goats.
Mules.
HaUfax, N.S
9
I
St. John, N.B
10
2
24
1
18
76
1
5 2
St. Johns, P.Q
Sherbrooke, P.Q
Cornwall, Ont
1
179 , 4
;
Niagara Falls, Ont
Sarnia, Ont
27
247
67
ioi'
3,526'
2,311
70
456
52
216
361
303
180
6,434
1,182
442
45
656
2,584
1,425
1,346
949
272
138
326
85
82
34
221
17
1,222
42,047
Bridgeburg, Ont
Sault Ste. Marie, Ont
9
%
2,530
1,317
Windsor, Ont
Port Arthur, Ont
21
17 1 1
44
Winnipeg, Man
Emerson, Man
98
331
Gretna, Man
Killarney, Man
299
14
227
427
214
60
6,365
241
3,333
61
10
Morden, Man
Crj'stal City, Man
Mowbrav
1
11
4
Deloraine, Man
8
Melita, Man
8
North Portal, Sask
Wood Mountain, Sask
92
48
311
1
Maple Creek, Sask
Medicine Hat, Alta
3,070
Pendant d'Oreille
9i3
3,940
995
420
1,468
190
88
375
1
12
Coutts, Alta
4,473
1,425
6
Cardston and Twin Lakes. . . .
9
Gatewav and Rvkerts, B C. . .
9
Nelson and Rossland, B C
3,907
3,024
149
2,493
25,893
24.947
327
308
8
4
31
Grand Forks and Midway
2
Osoyoos
New Westminster
8
Victoria
7 20
23,886
23,634
69,922
44,182
14 802
62
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
I 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Import Inspection from the United States from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906.
Port.
Horses.
Cattle.
Sheep.
Swine.
Mules.
Goats. Buffalo.
St. John, N.B
2
1
3
6
68
2
4
53
2
1,402
198
142
St. Johns. P.Q
1
4'
704
39
Sherbrooke, P.Q
1
""'i34'
21,745
Niagara Falls
59
68
8
Sarnia .
2
Bridgeburg
Sault Ste. Marie
Windsor
28
6,705
Rainv River
Winnipeg
2,420
780
203
10
148
172
174
55
5,587
37
265
873
1.722
400
75
295
28
21
29
228
14
18
35
io
4
6
5'
105
Emerson
Killarnej'
16
Morden
1
Crystal Citv
34
173
107
7
1.433
1
291
85
281
3
Mowbrav
Deloraine
3
M^lita
I-iOrth Portal
367
Wood ^lountain
7
Maple Creek
■
Pendant d'Oreille
Coutts
22
1
5
Twin Lakes
Gatewav and Rvkerts
171
184
37
69
1
8
106 i
Nelson, Rossland and A\ aneta . . .
694
16
28
6
6
Grand Forks
Midwav
Osoyoos
New Westminster
108
1
3
4
Vancouver
11,130
8,771
Victoria
42
White Horse, Y.T
13,744
1
4,868
21,392
28,647
562 111
1
2
Import Inspections from Mexico from November 1, 1904, to October 31, 1905.
Port.
Horses.
Cattle.
North Portal
74
632
Import Inspections from Mexico from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906.
Nil.
importations from MEXICO.
As will be noted, the importations of animals from Mexico show another well-
marked decrease from those of last year, which in turn were much smaller than in the
two preceding seasons. I do not think that this falling off is to be regretted. The im-
portation to such a country as Canada of foreign cattle for grazing purposes is in
any case somewhat of an anomaly, showing as it does that there is considerable room
for improvement in our present methods of conducting the live stock industry.
When, furthermore, as in this instance, the cattle are of markedly inferior qual-
ity and come from a country where absolutely no sanitary precautions are taken and
which must always remain the subject of grave doubt as to its freedom from one of
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 63
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
the most dangerous and contagious maladies affecting the bovine species, the cessa-
tion of the trade can hardly be considered a misfortune.
As has been stated in previous reports, tick fever prevails to a greater or less ex-
tent throughout the Republic of Mexico, with the reputed exception only of the State
of Chihuahua. Since the inception of the trade in 1902, I have never felt that it was
quite safe, as while there is absolutely no fear of tick fever becoming permanent in
this northern climate, there is always the risk of its being introduced early in the
summer when it might do tremendous damage before the advent of cold weather.
Careful inquiry into all the conditions surrounding the trade brought out the fact
that the state of Chihuahua, from which most of the earlier and all the recent smaller
shipments come, was apparently quite free from the disease. This condition, taken in
conjunction with the fact that early in 1903 the introduction of a number of tick in-
fested cattle from the state of Coahuila was narrowly averted, led me to recommend
that no stock from Mexico should be admitted to Canada except by permit to be issued
only in the case of shipments from Chihuahua. The governor of the state, Don Luis
Terrazas himself, one of the largest, if not actually the largest, cattle owner in the
world, undertook in 1903 to prevent the introduction within its boundaries of cattle
from any of the infected states with which it is surrounded on practically all sides.
Under these conditions and still further safeguarded by the United States inspection at
El Paso and a close examination by our own officers at the Canadian boundary, the trade
has been permitted to continue without so far at least, any untoward results. Know-
ing something, from previous residence in that country, of the conditions actually
existing in Mexico, I was never quite satisfied as to the efficiency of the quarantine
said to be maintained by Chihuahua against the neighbouring states. State rights,
even in Mexico, have their limitations and as the trade bids fair to persist and might
at any time assume as it did before, large proportions, I deemed it advisable to open
up communication with the federal authorities of the republic with a view to secur-
ing from them some guarantee as to the health of Chihuahua and its protection from
infection by the cattle of adjoining states. During the past winter therefore I visited
Mexico, and with your approval, discussed the whole question with Dr. Liceaga, pre-
sident of the Superior Council of Health, to whom I was finally referred by the vice-
president, Senor Eamon Corral. I found, as I had anticipated, that the republic was
practically without any veterinary sanitary service and that little or nothing was
known regarding the prevalence of animal plagues or modern methods for their con-
trol. The question of jurisdiction as between the federal and state authorities in
matters of animal health was also, so far as I could learn, quite unsettled, and I might
almost say unconsidered. Altogether the results of my inquiries were disappointing and
I left Mexico convinced that so far as importations of live stock from that country
are concerned, our safety from disease will depend at least for the present, entirely upon
the precautions which we may ourselves adopt for its exclusion. I would add, however,
that Dr. Liceaga, who was most courteous and listened with great attention to my
explanation of the situation, undertook to lay the matter before the President him-
self with the view of securing the passage of regulations preventing the introduction
to Chihuahua of cattle from the surrounding states. This would undoubtedly be a
great safeguard and one which, if properly enforced, might warrant the continuance
of the trade. If it is not secured before the beginning of next season I would advise
the exclusion of Mexican cattle altogether as the risk of infection being introduced
to Chihuahua undoubtedly exists. The powers of the state authorities to control the
movement of cattle into or out of other states being more than doubtful from a con-
stitutional point of view, I do not think it advisable for this department to rest upon
their assurance of safety.
QUARANTINE STATIONS.
Some progress has been made in improving quarantine facilities at coast points,
as well as along the International boundary line. During a visit to Halifax in
64 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
, 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
August last, I selected a suitable site on the new quarantine ground acquired in
1904. A commodious building has since been erected and is now almost ready for
occupation. This new station is conveniently situated on the Cotton Factory siding
within the city of Halifax, and possesses the great advantage over the premises pre-
viously used that animals can be conveyed to it by rail direct from the deep water
terminus without risk of infection. The number of animals imported via Halifax
is never large, and I have no doubt that the present building, if properly maintained,
will serve the uses of the department for many years.
At St. John, N.B., two stables are in course of erection, the plans being similar
to that adopted at Halifax. This station also possesses the advantage of being easily
reached by rail, and as it is much more largely used than that at Halifax, its com-
fort and convenience will be appreciated by importers to a correspondingly greater
extent.
At Charlottetown, where imported stock is seldom landed, it has not been found
necessary to establish a permanent quarantine station, although an inspector is
employed at that point.
Our most important quarantine station is undoubtedly that at Point Levis as it
is there that the majority of animals imported from Europe enter Canada during the
season of summer navigation. This station, which has been in existence since 1876,
is situated within the yard of Fort No. 3 at Point Levis, and while the buildings are
inexpensive it is well planned and has long been ably conducted by Dr. Couture and
a staff of permanent employees under his control. It furnishes accommodation for
nearly 500 cattle and about 300 sheep, and is laid out so as to permit of the absolute
isolation of the stock of each importer. Its situation is excellent and it would be
an ideal quarantine station were it not for the fact that under existing conditions
animals, after landing, must be driven for a considerable distance over the public
highway before reaching their quarters. Owing to the peculiar topographical con-
ditions it has until recently been practically impossible to remedy this state of affairs.
Latterly the constrution of the Levis Electric Railway has suggested the pos-
sibility of conveying the animals direct from the wharf to the station by means of
electric traction.
The adoption of this plan would render the establishment one of the safest and
most perfect quarantine stations in the world, and would greatly lessen the risk of
conveying infection to animals in the neighbourhood.
At Victoria, B.C., a lease has been secured of a small property at a point near
the outer wharf, on which are situated some old buildings used in former years by
the department for quarantine purposes. These are being put in repair and slightly
altered so as to furnish accommodation for any animals arriving from the United
States, which it may be found necessary to place in quarantine.
At Vancouver no station has as yet been erected owing to the uncertainty of
local railway construction and the location of new stock yards at that point. As
soon as these matters are settled it is the intention to construct at Vancouver a
station similar to those which have been erected along the International boundary line
in British Columbia and the Northwest.
A good deal of attention has been devoted to the improvement of the qi;arantine
service along the boundary between Canada and the United States.
In eastern Canada, the number of animals imported from the United States is
very small and it has not, therefore, been thought necessary or advisable to go to any
great expense in the construction of quarantine stations, which, under existing re-
gulations, are, with the single exception of that at Sarnia, used only for the accom-
modation of swine imported for breeding purposes. Range horses imported from
west of the Mississippi river, and of the eastern boundary of the state of Minnesota,
are admitted at Sarnia, while swine must enter at quarantine stations; all other
animals can enter at inspection ports east of Rainy river without being subjected to
quarantine.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 65
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
In addition to Halifax, St. John, Charlottetown and Quebec, at which, of course,
animals from the United States will be received when necessaiy, the quarantine sta-
tions in eastern Canada are Sherbrooke and St. Johns, Que., Niagara Falls, Windsor
and Sarnia, in Ontario. At Windsor and Niagara Falls small buildings have been
erected by the department. At Sherbrooke a site has been secured on which it is pro-
posed to build a small st-able; while at St. Johns the number of animals brought in
is so limited that it has scarcely been considered advisable to make permanent pro-
vision for their accommodation.
Bridgeburg is now an important point, an inspector being permanently stationed
there, and while at the present time the yards of the various railway companies are
being used for inspection purposes, I am of opinion that it will be necessary in the
near future to erect a small but complete quarantine station.
It is my intention to equip the station at Sarnia with strong corrals, squeezers,
&c., suitable for handling the western horses which occasionally enter there.
In addition to those at Emerson, Wood Mountain, Pendant d'Oreille, Coutts and
Twin Lakes, which were completed last year, quarantine stations have been erected
at Willow Creek, Sask., and at Gateway, Nelson and Midway, B.C., while inspectors
are also stationed at Grand Forks and Osoyoos. Quarantine corrals have been erected
by the railway companies at Sumas and Douglas, animals being inspected there before
crossing the boundary, it being the intention, as above stated, to provide, in the near
future, a quarantine station at Vancouver which will serve not only for animals
brought in at these points, but for such as may arrive by boat.
It will probably be necessary in the near future to construct quarantine stations
at Princeton and Grand Forks, while provision will have to be made for animals
entering at Kingsgate over the new Canadian Pacific railway line from Spokane.
CAE INSPECTION.
The very evident benefit resulting from the strict enforcement of the various re-
gulations requiring the cleansing and disinfection of railway stock cars after convey-
ing animals from infected districts, is the best possible proof that our efforts in this
direction although irksome to railway companies, and at times to shippers, are en-
tirely justifiable and in the best interests of all concerned.
At the various points to which hogs were shipped from the United States or from
the quarantined area in western Ontario, inspectors have seen that the cars convey-
ing them were, immediately on being unloaded, properly cleansed and disinfected in
accordance with the regulations. The same rule is followed in the case of cars con-
veying cattle and horses from the mange infected area in Alberta and Saskatchewan.
Special attention, as elsewhere indicated, is now paid to the cars used in the heavy
transit trade in hogs across the western peninsula of Ontario.
Under modern transportation conditions, stock cars form one of the most certain
and convenient channels for the carriage of infection from place to place and it is,
therefore, impossible to be too particvilar in seeing that those in regard to which
suspicion may reasonably be entertained are so treated as to render them innocuous.
STOCK YAEDS.
Stock yard facilities throughout the Dominion have, I am glad to say, been
greatly increased and improved since the date of my last report. The important ter-
minal yards of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company at Hochelaga which had, for
some time, been in an unsatisfactory condition, have now been rendered hiuch more
comfortable and sanitary. New and commodious yards have been erected at North
15a — 5
66 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5,6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Bay. I understand that it is the intention to furnish facilities at White River for
the feeding and watering of export cattle en route from the west. The new yards
there will take the place of those hitherto used for that purpose at Schreiber and it is
to be hoped that the company will adopt in their construction a plan similar to that
in use at Winnipeg which greatly facilitates the rapid loading and unloading of ani-
mals. At various more or less important points along this and other railways, new
yards have been erected and old ones have been repaired and cleansed in accordance
with the regulations. There is still, in some quarters, considerable room for improve-
ment, but on the whole the attitude of the transportation companies in regard to this
and other matters connected with the work of the branch leaves little to be desired.
Satisfactory progress is being made, and, this being the case, I do not think it is ad-
visable to rush the companies into expenditures, without being certain that the out-
lay is justifiable and likely to give them a reasonable return.
MEAT INSPECTION.
In my last report I suggested the advisability of taking steps to inaugurate, for the
benefit of some of our younger inspectors, a special course in meat inspection, to be car-
ried on by Dr. Higgins in connection with the Biological Library. The export trade in
dead meat, already begun on a small scale is certain to increase largely in the near
future, in which event it will be absolutely necessary for us to supply certificates satis-
factory to the authorities of importing countries. There are at present, so far as I am
aware, no trained meat inspectors in the Dominion, although the requirements of muni-
cipal and health acts in various provinces would indicate a reasonably active demand
for the services of experts of this class. A thorough training in meat inspection should
be part of the curriculum of every veterinary college, but so far the subject appears
to have been conspicuous by its absence at all Canadian institutions of that kind.
MISCELLANEOUS.
During the period which has elapsed since my last report I have attended and
addressed a number of public gatherings among others the meetings of the various
associations of breeders which were held in Winnipeg in February, 1905, the annual
meeting of the Western Stock Growers' Association which took place at Medicine Hut
in May, and several others of minor importance. In April I officiated as judge ot
horses at the Canadian Horse Show in Toronto, while in September I performed a
similar service at the Dominion Exhibition in New Westminster, B.C.
In May last I visited Washington and Oregon for the purpose of consulting with
the state veterinarians regarding the health of the animals under their care, this being
a matter of great importance to us on account of the large importations to Canada now
constantly in progress. In June a visit to Washington, D.C., was made during which
I discussed informally with Dr. Salmon, then chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry,
several official matters of material interest.
In August I had the privilege of attending the annual meeting of the American
Veterinary Medical Association which was held at Cleveland, Ohio. At this meeting,
which was largely attended, many subjects of great importance were taken up and dis-
cussed. Among excellent papers, the most noteworthy was perhaps that of Dr. Leonard
Pearson, of Pennsylvania, who gave an interesting resume of his experimental work in
connection with immunization against bovine tuberculosis.
I also attended during the year two meetings of the Ontario Veterinary Associa-
tion, one of which was held in Toronto in December, and the other at London in July.
This body has recently begun to show greatly increased vitality which is certain to
result in much benefit to its members and, through them, to the live stock interests of
the province.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 67
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
I am pleased to report that some progiiess has apparently been made in the direc-
tion of elevating the standard of veterinary education in- Canada. In June last year I
had tlie pleasure of an interview ■with Hon. Nelson Monteith, Minister of Agriculture
for Ontario, in the course of which the whole subject was freely discussed. As a result
of this interview a meeting of the Organization Committee of the Ontario Veterinary
Association was held in Toronto on November 10, when I, with the full concurrence
and approval of the other members present, was accorded the privilege of drafting
and subsequently presenting to Mr. Monteith a memorandum pointing out the im-
portance to stock owners of the maintenance of a reasonable standard of veterinary
education, and asking the government of the province to take over and conduct the
Ontario Veterinary College, as also to pass such legislation as might be necessary in
the premises. Mr. Monteith, who received the members of the committee in the most
courteous manner, promised to give the proposition his most favourable consideration.
In January I met, by request, Mr. J. W. Flavelle, chairman of the Ontario Uni-
versity Commission, Mr. Colquhoun, the secretary, and Mr. C. C. James, Deputy
Minister of Agriculture for the province, and discussed the subject with these gentle-
men in all its bearings.
Later the commission embodied in its report a recommendation that the Ontario
Veterinary College be taken over and carried on by the Ontario Department of Agri-
culture on lines similar to those on wRich the Agricultural College at Guelph is con-
ducted. It is understood that negotiations with this end in view are now in progress.
Should these be successful the future of veterinary education in Canada, which has
for some time been very doubtful will be assured.
In a country with an enormous and ever increasing live stock industry, it is of
the last importance that a high standard of veterinary education should be main-
tained.
The record of Ontario as a province in educational matters is such that if the
plan now under consideration is carried out there need be no fear as to the future of
comparative medicine in Canada,
In January also I visited the Agricultural College at Urbana, Illinois, where T
had the privilege of an interesting and instructive interview with Dr. Mcintosh, the
veterinary professor there, who is one of the highest authorities on hog cholera on
the Araerican continent.
In the following month I visited the Louisiana University where, through the
courtesy of Dr. W. H. Dalrymple, veterinary professor, and W. K. Dodson, A.B.S.B.,
botanist and bacteriologist, I absorbed much practical information on tick fever, a
matter which has for long been made a special subject of study by these gentlemen.
Subsequently, as reported elsewhere, I visited Mexico on official business.
While in El Paso on the return journey, I had the privilege of meeting Dr. Bray,
United States bureau inspector at that point, through whose capable hands Mexican
cattle en route to Canada have to pass. From Dr. Bray I received much detail in-
formation as to the conditions surrounding this somewhat risky traffic.
At Houston and Galveston I made it my business to collect data in regard to the
use of Beaumont oil for dipping purposes but, owing to pressure of work, I was un-
able to devote to this task as much time as I should have liked. I regret to have to
say that, so far as I can see at present, the expense will be too great to permit of the
use of Beaumont oil in western Canada.
Printed herewith are the reports of the various officers of this branch throughout
the Domi^ion. Among them are several of special note, such as that of Dr. Pethick
on Pictou cattle disease, that of Dr. Torrance on swamp fever, those of Dr. Mc-
Gilvray and Commissioner Perry on conditions in the west, and those of Drs. Bur-
nett, Hargrave and Warnock on maladie du coit ; as also two interesting reports from
the latter gentleman which deal respectively with poisoning by water hemlock, and
a peculiar bone disease noticed among cattle in the Porcupine Hills.
15a— 5i
68 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Owing to the change in the departmental year the reports, with the exception of
my own, deal separately with: first, the period between November 1, 1904, and
October 31, 1905, and second, that between November 1, 1905, and March 31, 1906.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
J. G. EUTHERFOED,
Veterinary Director General.
The Honourable
The Minister of Agriculture,
Ottawa.
G. HILTON, V.S.
Ottawa, October 31, 1905.
Sm, — I have the honour to submit the following report for the year ending Oc-
tober 31, 1905.
My duties with your branch of the Department of Agriculture commenced on
May 25, 1905, with headquarters at Portage la Prairie, Manitoba.
Immediately after my engagement, following your instructions, I visited the
maladie du coit infected district in Alberta for the purpose of familiarizing myself
with the outbreak and nature of the disease, also the measures you were adopting for
its control and eradication.
I then proceeded by your direction to trace two mares which had been shipped
from an infected ranch in Alberta to the province of Manitoba. This proved trouble-
some and entailed a great deal of travelling, as the animals had been resold after their
arrival in this province. They were finally located, one in the Swan River district;
the other a few miles from Grand View, and fortunately upon examination, both
mares proved to have escaped infection. Eeturning to Portage la Prairie in response
to your previous instructions, I visited the quarantine station at Emerson, and also
the inspection ports along the Manitoba boimdary. Full reports of these visits were
submitted to you upon their completion. In the month of July, I was transferred to
Ottawa, and since my arrival here, as you are aware, my work has been confined to
your ofiice with one exception, when in August you instructed me to proceed to
Merrickville to investigate a suspected outbreak of anthrax, which proved to be a dis-
ease of a non-contagious nature, and consequently no action was taken.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
GEOEGE HILTON.
To the Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
C. H. HIGGINS, D.V.S.
Ottawa, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to transmit this, my seventh annual report as an ofl&cer
of the Department of Agriculture, my fourth as its pathologist, covering the period
from November 1, 1904, to October 31, 1905.
The work of the biological laboratory during the past year has shown a marked
increase over that of any previous year and from this increase it is evident that the
services rendered by this institution are appreciated.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 69
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
The material received for examination shows a total of 264 series, there being but
93 series during the year previous. The great variety of subjects dealt with is supply-
ing the laboratory with material for investigation and demonstration purposes which
will prove of inestimable value. In addition there is the data and material obtained
by myself in Alberta from 116 autopsies on horses affected with maladie du coit.
The detailing by you of E, A. Watson, V.S., to the laboratory last April has re-
lieved me of some of the routine work, although the increase in the amount of mallein
used has made a steadily increasing demand upon my time in its preparation.
The completed laboratory building now provides certain facilities for accomplish-
ing our work not accorded at the writing of my last report. The increase, however,
in the amount of mallein which it has been necessary to prepare, and the desirability
of preparing all the tuberculin required, call for an increase in equipment that the
supply may at all times equal the demand. This increase in equipment can be made by
the construction of an incubator room and preparation room in the basement of the
building. Such a change would remove the preparation of these two products from
the other work of the laboratory and would remove some of the difficulties which at
present exist in this important work. At present the small incubator space available
prevents the manufacture of tuberculin in sufficient quantities to meet the constantly
growing demand and it does not seem to me that it would be advisable to add more
small incubators, in view of the fact that small incubators cannot be kept at the de-
sired temperature economically
The many details demanded of the routine fully occupy our time and original
work is accomplished only in spare moments, which does not allow of the careful pains-
taking effort demanded in accurate investigation. It has been impossible to under-
take extensive original investigations during the year, but I anticipate that as Dr.
Watson becomes more familiar with the routine of the laboratory it will not be neces-
sary to overlook this important field.
The construction last spring of a building for housing the small animals has
proven very serviceable and the stable now under construction which will provide ac-
commodation for four experimental horses is a valuable addition to our equipment.
Without further preliminary remarks, I will proceed to consider some of the more
important subjects dealt with during the past year.
GLANDERS.
There has been some little time spent on the subject of glanders during the past
year. This has consisted in the inoculation of small animals with material from
horses reacting to the mallein test, some of -which had ceased to present. the typical
rise in temperature or local swelling on the injection of an appropriate dose of mal-
lein. The result of this inoculation work appeared in full in your report and needs,
therefore, no further mention in this connection. The heads of the horses above
referred to were received at the laboratory, and on the septa nasi of some of these, scars,
the result of old ulcers, were found. On some of the septa no lesions visible to the
naked eye were detected. These septa are preserved and I anticipate that it will be
possible in the near future to make a minute study to determine whether there are
other lesions than the scars above referred to.
There has also been quite an amount of rol^tine work with glanders in the
preparation of mallein. This work has necessitated the inoculation of quite a large
number of animals in preparing the germ for culture purposes and in testing the fin-
ished product.
MALLEIN.
As already stated, the production of mallein has necessitated considerable work
with the bacillus mallei, the causative agent of glanders. There have been sent from
the laboratory on order from your office, 7,819 doses of mallein against 3,153 of the
year preceding. The entire amount was prepared and tested at this laboratory. The
70 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
cost of preparation was practically that of the year preceding, namely, eleven cents
per dose. In this estimate the amount now on hand, about 1,600 doses, is included.
The preparation of mallein is very interesting work from the fact that forms are found
in the old cultures from which the product is prepared that are never seen in old cul-
tures on solid media. I present herewith photographs illustrating the forms found in
fresh cultures, the appearance of the bacillus in pus, and the involution forms found
in old cultures.
A monthly statement of the mallein sent out from the laboratory is given below.
1903-04. 1904-05.
November 291 500
December 40 295
January : 135 365
February 155 432
March 203 400
April 184 500
May 412 625
June 422 1,055
July 75 580
August 560 . 861
September 305 ' 1,163
October 371 1,043
Total 3,153 7,819
\
TUBERCULOSIS.
During the past year a large number '^f specimens, consisting of tissues and
sputum have been received at the laboratory for examination to determine whether
or not evidences of tuberculosis were present. From some of this material it has been
possible to isolate cultures. These cultures are kept growing in order that material
may be at hand when it is possible to undertake investigations in this interesting
field.
TUBERCULIN.
There have been sent from the laboratory, 3,145 doses of tuberculin, against 2,649
of the year preceding, on order from your office to veterinary inspectors and others.
As was the case during the previous year, small amounts have been prepared with a
view of ultimately producing all that may be required by the department. I believe
that this can be undertaken profitably just as soon as we have sufficient incubating
space for growing the cultures.
I append hereto a detailed statement of the amount of tuberculin sent oi;t each
month during the last two years.
1903-04. 1904-05.
November 326 226
December 326 374
January 350 180
February 303 135
March 295 263
April 146 497
May 272 394
June 119 149*
July 123 126
August 1T3 351
September 70 266
October 146 184
Total 2,649 3,145
♦This includes thirty doses of Japanese tuberculin diluted at the laboratory for use.
HEALTH OF AyiilALS 71
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
PICTOU CATTLE DISEASE.
The work of the laboratory with reference to Pictou cattle disease, has as formerly
consisted in the examination of material received from Xova Scotia. All this mater-
ial during the past year has been sent by Dr. Pethick and was from experimental
animals wiih two exceptions.
In the specimens from cattle that had contracted the disease experimentally there
has been no deviation in the nature of the lesions from the classical type previously
described by those who have studied this affection. The natural resistance toward the
contraction of this disease by individual animals is noted in the nature of the lesions,
from an animal very slightly affected (steer 12) to that in which very nearly all of the
normal cells of the liver have been replaced by fibrous connective tissue (steers 3 and
19.)
From the result of my examination of the organs of cattle fed on weedy hay and
those fed on weed free hay, it is evident that the weed, Senecio Jacoboea is actively
concerned in causing this affection.
• CATTLE TICKS.
A number of cattle ticks taken from a cow in Nova Scotia were identified as Der-
macentor Variegatus. This is the tick commonly known as the " Moose tick," and as
far as I am aware has not previously been recorded as occurring on cattle.
DISINFECTANTS.
There has been received during the year just ended but one sample of disinfectant
for examination as to its germicidal value.» This sample of disinfecting material was
of proprietary origin and for the reasons stated in previous reports a detailed state-
ment is not included under this heading.
ANTHEAX.
During the past year material from nine suspected cases of anthrax have been
examined, the bacillus being found in one instance only. In this connection it must
be remembered that material taken from an animal some time after death may not
show the hacillus anthracis, the causative agent, due to the putrefactive processes de-
priving the carcass of the necessary oxygen which this bacillus must have that it may
propagate. In cases which have been dead some hours the material sent to the labora-
tory should be taken from the bloody discharge of the nasal or anal openings as the
bacillus is here to be found in the spore stage.
MALADIE DU COIT.
Acting on your instructions, it was my privilege in 'Maf last to meet and accom-
pany yourself and your inspectors to the Macleod district in Alberta. I was also
favoured with an opportunity to accompany Dr. Hargrave in his work in the Medi-
cine Hat district where many more cases were seen and autopsies performed. Later
I proceeded to Lethbridge where many cases were examined and post mortemed in
conjunction with yourself, Doctors Warnock and Burnett.
My mission was primarily in connection with the causative agent of the disease.
Buffard and Schneider, of Algeria, first described this disease as being caused by a
trjrpanosoma which they named Trypanosoma Epuiperdum. This finding was. shortly
after its announcement, confirmed by no less an authority than Nocard. Lingard,
Imperial bacteriologist to the Government of India, also substantiates this finding
72 DEPARTMENT OF AORICVLTUBE
I 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
of Buffard and Schneider in a report, on dourine issued in March, 1904, from his labora-
tory at Muktesar.
On the other hand we have Prof. Marek, of Budapest, and Prof. Ferdinand Kern,
director of State Bacteriological Institutes, also of Budapest, who have been unable to
confirm the presence of trypanosomata in cases of Beschalseuche, the term they use
for maladie du coit.
I had not up to the time of my leaving for the west seen any mention of the work
of these two last named authors and was therefore of the opinion that the trypanosoma
described by Buffard and Schneider would be very easy of demonstration, provided a
suitable case was obtained. However, in spite of this previously formed opinion, I
took considerable trouble to prepare special stains and other necessary material that
the trypanosoma, if present, might not elude my search. In justice to the observations
made and recorded by the above mentioned authors and others, I do not wish to state
that the trypanosoma equiperdum of Buffard and Schneider is not the cause of the
disease manifesting itself in Western Canada. Suffice it to .say repeated seavehes of
the blood, vaginal secretion, synovia from the coxo-femoral joint; the brain, spinal
cord and their fluids; the ovary, the mucous membrane of the uterus, &c., in fact almost
every portion of the animal which would lend itself to the preparation of a smear, was
at some time examined for the protozoan parasite in question, but these examinations
resulted in negative findings. In connection with this microscopical work, I desire
to state that all the cases from which material was obtained were of some standing
and not the ones which from choice would be selected in view of our knowledge of
diseases in animals and man caused by trypanosomata.
One case, Brucefield Prince, was given more attention than any of the others.
He was first seen by me on May 12 at the ranch of his owner, where a careful clinical
examination was made. Clinically this animal presented unmistakable symptoms, the
knuckling gait, swollen sheath, and facial paralysis involving both the upper and
lower lips and the ear. There was an opthalmitis of the right eye, the membrane nicti-
tans covering the lower third. This stallion was taken to the police barracks at Mac-
leod, that an opportunity for a thorough examination of his blood and other body fluids
might be obtained. Quantitative blood counts did not reveal a marked variation in the
number of cells from those found in horses under ordinary conditions. An attempt to
show the presence of the trypanosoma in the superficial circulation was made accord-
ing to the method of Capt. Rogers* without success. During my stay in the Medi-
cine Hat district this stallion was sent to Lethbridge, a distance of forty miles, in
the hope that the trip would cause an eruption of fresh placques, but the fatiguing
journey did not accomplish the desired object. From the time I first saw this stallion
to the time he was destroyed at the quarantine ground, covered a period of only four-
teen days, and this was hardly sufiicient, considering the maximum duration of this
disease. Previous to destroying this animal, however, a number of flasks which had
been prepared at the laboratory in Ottawa were partially fllled with blood and defi-
brinated. These flasks were hermetically sealed and brought to the laboratory with
me on my return. Dogs were inoculated with varying amounts, but none showed any
general or local disturbance during the succeeding four weeks which they were under
observance, and at autopsy did not show any lesions or variations from the normal.
The last flask of blood opened at the laboratory six weeks after being drawn was still
sterile. I merely mention this to indicate the possibility of taking blood in the field
under adverse conditions and transporting it over a great distance and still have it
uncontaminated from outside sources. From the report of Buffard and Schneider it
is not surprising that this blood failed to give results on inoculation, as it was their
experience that after forty-eight hours the blood of an affected animal would not
infect dogs.
Autopsies were held on one hundred and sixteen horses, of which two were stal-
lions and one a gelding of doubtful history said to have been castrated on account of
* ' London Lancet,' July, 1904, page 1,904.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 73
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
being affected with this disease, although the affection had not been positively diag-
nosed as such prior to the castration. This gelding was the only case which presented
any deviation from the autopsy findings on all the other horses examined, and in fact
was the only case presenting a condition of the spleen closely resembling that described
by Lingard as being characteristic of dourine in India.
The clinical manifestations of this infection comprise a feature of the disease
with which I have had but little experience, and therefore I deem it unadvisable for
me to make any observations in this connection.
With the pathological lesions I have endeavoured to make myself familiar, and
will therefore briefly indicate the conditions found at autopsy. All cases upon which
it was my privilege to hold post mortems were destroyed on account of their present-
ing evidence of being affected with the disease, and with one or two exceptions were
of long duration.
On incising the skin the subcutaneous connective tissue is seen to be of a very
yellowish tinge, there being very little fat present. The muscles are somewhat pale,
but otherwise appear normal.
On removing the hind-leg at the coxo-femoral joint considerable oedema is noted-
about the joint ligaments and the ligamentum teres. The ligamentum teres is not of
normal size in cases of some duration. The articulatory surfaces of this joint, parti-
cularly that of the acetabulum, show in the majority of cases a distinct ulceration,
usually somewhat triangular in shape and in one instance each side of this irregular
triangle was one inch in length. The synovial fluid shows no alteration either in
colour or consistency.
On opening the abdominal cavity, fluid was invariably present in which were seen
numerous nematodes, filaria papillosa, — these however, are usually met with in horses
kept under range conditions and therefore bear no special relationship to the disease
under consideration.
The connective tissue in the abdominal cavity has the same yellowish tinge noted
in connection with the subcut-aneous connective tissue. The mesentery also exhibits
this peculiar coloration. The intestines are pale and on their serous surface evidences
of a previous inflammatory condition are present.
The spleen is of a grayish colour and the surface presents many petechial
spots. In consistency the spleen is soft and flabby, pitting on pressure, the pit not
resuming its natural position on the removal of the finger. In size it is about
normal. The spleen of the gelding above referred to was about four times its normal
size and very soft and friable. The colour was that of the normal organ.
The liver appears very much shrunken in size, in some cases appearing to be but
half that of the normal organ, and is of a much darker colour than is the case in
horses not suffering from this disease. The organ is very firm with no evidence of
cirrhosis. The capsule of the liver usually presents evidence of an old inflammatory
process.
The kidneys show no marked alterations.
In the mares the vaginal mucous membrane is pale and of a leaden hue with
some scars. There is an oedematous condition of the os, but otherwise nothing
abnormal is noted. The uterus is usually of a leaden colour and the mucous mem-
brane oedematous, in some cases the oedematous folds were very pronounced, increas-
ing the size of the uterus considerably. The ovaries were invariably cystic, though I
am not prepared to assert that this was due to the infectious process under discussion.
None of the mares upon which autopsies were held had recently shown a profuse
vaginal discharge indicating that all cases examined were more or less chronic.
In the two stallions the general lesions were those described above. In addition
there was an atrophy of the testicles amounting in one instance to the almost complete
absence of testicular tissue. In one of these stallions, Brucefield Prince, there was a
diffuse oedematous swelling of the sheath. No marked changes were noted about the
penis save a slight roughness of the urethra.
74
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
I 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
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HEALTH OF ANIMALS 75
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
The lumbar portion of the cord was examined in a large number of cases and
revealed no well marked lesions.
As to the microscopic lesions found in the various specimens preserved and brought
to the laboratory, I do not feel that I can at the present time add to what has already
been written on this disease. I have, however, in the various sections stained for try-
panosomata been unable to detect any body which would lead me to believe that they
or their involution forms, as at present understood, existed in the material examined.
I append hereto a table prepared at my suggestion by Dr. J. C. Hargrave, of Medi-
cine Hat. This table gives the weights of the different organs in twenty-one cases
examined by him at autopsy. For the purpose of comparison, I append the weights
of the organs of two geldings killed on account of being affected with glanders (p. 74).
POULTRY DISEASES.
A number of fowls have been received at the laboratory during the past year,
with the request that we determine the cause of death in each instance. In many
cases the difficulty has been found to be due to a form of indigestion caused by over-
feeding with a ration too rich in starchy material accompanied by too little exercise.
In a number of instances the changing of the ration and limiting the amount of feed,
with an increase in the amount of exercise, has wholly overcome the difficulty.
Tuberculosis is still a factor contributing to the death of fowls, and is one which
poultry raisers should take every care to eliminate.
Intestinal parasites, including round worms and tapeworms, have been found, and
the elimination of these parasites from poultry yards will lead to increased profits for
the poultryman.
At your request, Mr. Elford, chief of the poultry division, Mr. Graham, poultry
expert at the Ontario Agricultural College, and Mr. L. H. Baldwin, of Deer Park,
Ont., visited the laboratory to determine whether or not we could render- any service
in the determination of the cause of ' white diarrhoea ' in chickens. A thorough dis-
cussion of the subject, coupled with the information I was able to gather concerning
the history of the affection from these gentlemen, led me to offer the opinion that the
cause of the difficulty was in a large measure due to insufficient ventilation of the
rooms in which the chickens were artificially hatched. To supply this fresh air the
system which is to be incorporated in the new stable under construction was advised
in view of the fact that a great deal of fresh air is required to supply the oxygen
necessary for the lamps used in heating the machines together with that required by
the eggs in the incubating chambers.
The opinion then given as to the cause of this affection has been substantiated
by information obtained from various breeders of poultry, and I am still of the
opinion that the ventilation of the rooms in which the artificial incubation is carried
on, and the vitality of the eggs used, are responsible for the trouble rather than to a
disease of an infectious nature. The care of the chicks after removal from the in-
cubator may assist the causes already mentioned in hastening a fatal issue.
ENTERO-HEPATITIS IN TURKEYS.
There have been received at the laboratory a number of turkeys affected with
entero-hepatitis, sometimes called black-head from the fact that the whole head of the
bird turns black during the course of the disease. The affection was first described by
Dr. Theobald Smith, in 1895, when chief of the Division of Pathology of the United
States Bureau of Animal Industry. His report, which deals with the history, spread
and cause of the affection, describes the parasite as an amoeba (amoeha meleagridis) ,
which invades the system, causing an entero-hepatitis.
This parasite alone is undoubtedly the cause of the great decrease in turkev
raising in Canada during the past few years resulting in the scarcity and high prices
76 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
i 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
at the present time. I have found the parasite in the livers and caeca on various
occasions in material which has been received at the laboratory for examination.
From the pressure of other work it has been impossible to take up this subject very
fully although it is one which should be investigated with a view to the eradication of
the affection.
Individuals interested in the raising of turkeys should, if their flocks are now
free, take such steps as will insure their freedom from this devastating affection. This
can probably best be done by introducing all new stock through the egg and not
through the medium of live birds as is usually the case. If the disease has gained d
foothold in the flock, birds which are diseased should at once be killed and the quarters
which they have frequented should be disinfected thoroughly. The range contaminated
by affected birds should be ploughed late in the fall.
THE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY.
In 1902, this laboratory made its beginning in temporary quarters at the Imperial
Building on Queen Street, in the heart of the city. Plans were prepared and opera-
tions at once conunenced in the erection of a suitable building for laboratory pur-
poses on grounds connected with the Experimental farm. This building has now been
completed and a brief description is not out of place in this connection.
That a better idea of the structure may be obtained, I present a plan of the ground
floor together with a photograph of the exterior and one of the interior of the main
laboratory.
On the ground floor are situated the office, (1), the main laboratory (3), and a
room (2), for the use of the laboratory assistants, a portion of which will later be used
for special work where a north light is not required. Reference to this floor plan
shows that the ground floor is exceptionally well lighted and especially is this the case
with the north side of the building, an essential feature where microscopic work is
required.
The basement contains rooms of the same size as those on the ground floor. One,
that directly under the office, is fitted with a sink and is used for post mortems on
small animals and the examination of material which may be sent for diagnosis. The
arrangement is such that anything for examination can be passed through the window,
the sill of which is only a few inches above the ground on the outside, to the table with-
out carrying the material through any portion of the building. The room under the
main laboratory supplies space for the gas machine and I anticipate that it will soon be
possible to remove all of the toxine work to this room after the necessary fittings are
placed. The room under (2), contains the heating apparatus for the building and a
large stove used as an incinerator in which all material of an infectious nature received
at the laboratory is destroyed.
In the attic are situated the photographic and dark rooms. The photomicrogra-
phic apparatus is located in the hall, and all appointments have been studied to re-
duce as far as possible unnecessary travelling to and from the dark room. There is
also a large room at the end of the hall in which is now stored the nucleus of a
museum. This museum will, I anticipate, be one of the features of our laboratory,
as it will contain material for demonstration purposes in connection with the more
common affections with which we have to deal. The north room in the attic is now
used as a storeroom, which purpose it serves admirably.
rhe main laboratory (3 on the ground floor) deserves perhaps a fuller descrip-
tion than any other room in the building, as it is the one in which the major portion
of the work is now carried on. The floor plan referred to and the photograph show
the arrangement of the tables and sinks. The incubators are placed on a raised stand
opposite the entrance. The tables are higher than those usually seen in laboratories
devoted to similar work, being forty inches from the floor. This height enables one
working with a microscope to stand with ease, and if the examination is a long one
HEALTH OF AXIMALS 77
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
a stool may be used. Another feature of the ground floor is the manner in which the
doors are hung. All doors are supplied with spring hinges and swing both ways. This
feature insures the closing of all doors, and avoids the drafts which otherwise are
so difficult to eliminate.
The equipment of the laboratory needs no special mention in this connection, save
the statement that it has been my constant aim to procure apparatus suited to the
various requirements of the work, at all times avoiding unnecessary expense.
In conclusion, I desire to express my appreciation of the interest which you have
constantly manifested in the work of the laboratory, and the encouragement given
me in making this institution an integral part of the health of animals service.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
f CHAS. H. HIGGINS,
Pathologisi.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
A- E. MOOEE, D.V.S.
Ottawa, October 31, 1905.
Sm, — I have the honour to submit to you this, my i.nnual report, for the year ended
October 31, 1905.
GLANDERS.
During the year I have tested with mallein, 204 horses, 38 of which reacted and
were destroyed. I also killed without testing, 8 horses showing marked clinical symp-
toms of the disease.
There were twenty -eight ceased reactors which at your request I held from last
year for further supervision. I retested them in due time, and fourteen gave i
characteristic reaction again, and were destroyed, the other fourteen did not react
and were released.
The reacting of these ceased reactors after the lapse of a year, would indicate thac
the curative effect of mallein is very unreliable. These 28 horses were completely
isolated from others during the whole time that they were under supervision, so there
was no possibility of reinfected from other sources. The temperature of horses that
become permanent ceased reactors has usually never reached an extremely high degree
at the first test. It has been my experience that if the temperature reaches over 101^°
the animal is not apt to become a permanent ceased reactor. None of these cases that
reacted at the end of the year showed the least sign of clinical symptoms at any time.
In fact none of the horses that we retested had ever shown any clinical symptoms.
I performed careful postmortems on some of these ceased reactors, and in every
case found very slight lesions of glanders, nearly all of which were confined to the
lungs. In most cases the lesions were encysted. Dr. Higgins inoculated guinea pigs
with these lesions and obtained positive results.
As most of the lesions were in an encysted form and as none of these horses ever
developed clinical symptoms, it would appear that whereas the repeated injection of
mallein is not reliable as a cure for glanders, it seems to check the disease to a certain
extent. I know of many other cases which have been ceased reactors for two years and
over and still do not show any clinical symptoms.
78 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
In co-operation with local inspectors, I have dealt with several large outbreaks of
glanders in the province of Quebec, especially in the lumbering districts. Their custom
of employing the farmers' horses for the winter months, the close stabling, and the
unsanitary conditions, all favour the spread of the disease.
From the information obtained in dealing with these outbreaks, I am positive that
glanders has existed for many years in both the provinces of Ontario and Quebec.
It is gratifying, however, to find that where we have dealt with this disease a marked
improvement is noticed. In the horses of one large firm where there are from 800
to 1,000 head employed and where glanders existed to a large extent, I have not seen
a single case for many months. In this city where glanders was very prevalent twa
years ago, only a very few cases were reported this year.
SHEEP SCAB.
Acting on instructions from you, I proceeded, in December, 1904, to the county
of Lambton to try and locate the origin of some cases of sheep scab detected among
animals shipped from that district. I visited Inwood, Watford and Thamesville, and
obtained the names of all the farmers who sold lambs in these particular shipments.
With the assistance of Drs. J. H. Tennent and M. B. Perdue, all these farms were
visited, and the exact origin of the disease located.
On January 1, at your request, I went to Buffalo to obtain all the information
possible regarding the shipment of Canadian sheep to that market. Through the
kindness of Dr. B. P. Wende, who conducted me through the stock yards, I received
much valuable information. On my return from Buffalo I visited the customs ports
at Bridgeburg and Niagara Palls for the purpose of ascertaining the facts regarding
live stock exported at these points to the United States. The important information
then secured was duly reported to you.
During our visits to the sheep owners of Lambton and Middlesex counties we
obtained information which led to our finding other centres in both these counties and
also in Kent. We traced the disease to the flocks of several prominent breeders, one
especially having spread the disease to a large extent.
In the early spring I again visited the counties of Middlesex, Lambton and Kent,
and with Dr. Tennent made a systematic inspection of all contact flocks, and any
that were reported as suspicious. We quarantined and ordered the treatment of all
contact sheep as well as of the diseased ones. From the one breeder above mentioned
we traced the disease to thirty farms, as well as being obliged to quarantine thirty-
six flocks for being in contact with his diseased sheep.
The affected flocks were quarantined during the winter and early spring when it
was too cold to dip, being kept confined to as small quarters as possible until the
weather moderated and we were ready to superintend the dipping.
You thought advisable that the dipping be done in our presence, and this I con-
sider was of the utmost importance. The lime and sulphur dip was used. Both dis-
eased and contact sheep were dipped twice at an interval of from ten to twelve days.
After the first dipping the sheep were returned to their pens, these having been in
the meantime disinfected. They were kept there until after the second dipping, when
they were immediately put in fresh pens or turned to pasture. When the weather
was warm enough they were all turned to pasture away from the infected premises,
and left there all summer. This plan was adopted to prevent reinfection from the
infected premises, which were sometimes very difficult to proi)erly disinfect.
In July I revisited all the farms and inspected closely all the sheep that we had
dipped and none showed any symptoms of scabies, their skins were in perfect condition
as the dip killed all ticks and lice as well as the acari. Many of the owners were
enthusiastic over the dipping and have constructed vats and intend doing it every year.
I then recommended a release from quarantine of all farms dealt with under my
supervision.
HEALTH CF AN I HALS
79
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
The following is a synopsis of the Sheep Scab I dealt with during the year;
Province. County.
Number
sheep
quarantined
where disease
was found.
Number
farms '
quarantined
where disease
was found. I
Number
contact
or
suspected
sheep.
Number
farms
quarantined
for contact
sheep,
or suspected.
Origin of disease.
Ontario . Middlesex
" . . iLambton. . . .
" . .|Kent
" . . iWentworth...
" . . iHuron
'■ . . IGrev
" ...Perth
" . ..Simcoe
• " ..iYork
" . .iHaldimand .
" ..iNorfolk
" . . Frontenac... .
" . . rLennox
" . . Wolfe Island.
Quebec. . Berthier
Total.
322
209
61
19
36
63
13
35
58
24
39
954
16
17
5
2
3
2
1
250
25
49
11
52
513
14
9
6
Unknown.
From Midd
9
1
98
71
5
5
esex Co.
Unknown.
From Lefinox Co.
Unknown.
From N. York'state
From Middlesex.
41
Total number sheep dipped 1,467
" " farms quarantined 95
TUBERCULOSIS.
Diti'ing the year I have tested with tuberculin the following cattle : —
No. tested. No. reacted. Healthy.
For export to South Africa 66 1 65
" Japan 21 3 and 1 sus- 17
" United States 2 pieious. 2
89
4 and 1 sus- 84
pieious.
All the reactors were ear-marked. I also ear-marked at four different farms, 17
reacting cattle that were tested by local veterinarians.
MANGE IN HORSES.
Only a few cases of mange in horses have come to my notice this year. The
outbreak in the vicinity of Vankleek Hill and Hawkesbury, Ont., where the disease
was very prevalent last year, has been about checked. There were a few scattered cases
outside the district we visited a year ago.
While I was at Chicoutimi regarding glanders, I examined several cases which
were quarantined by Dr. Thos. R. DuChene. I also examined several cases that were
quarantined by Dr. Charles McEachran at Chambly, Que.
MANGE IN CATTLE.
As a result of a report received by you from Dr. M. C. Baker, that cattle fed at
the Wiser distillery at Prescott were found affected with mange on their arrival at the
C.P.R. stock yards in Montreal, I visited Prescott, but there were no cattle left. I
80 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
■ 5-6 EDWARD VII,, A. 1906
ordered the stables that the diseased cattle occupied as also the yards and chutes used
in their shipment to be thoroughly cleansed and disinfected.
SUSPECTED MANGE IK CATTLE.
I visited a farm near Carleton Place, Ont., where cattle were reported as being
affected with mange, but found the cattle to be suffering from ring worm and lice. '
OTHER DISEASES.
Suspected glanders. — Several cases were reported which I found due to distemper,
purpura haemorrhagica, and diseased teeth.
Suspected Blach Quarter. — I investigated an outbreak at Fenelon Falls, Ont., of
a disease which somewhat resembles haemorrhagic septicaemia. Nine cattle died.
I advised isolation of the sick, and the carcasses all burned. After this was accom-
plished the disease stopped.
In April, 6 cattle died on a farm near Balmoral, Ont. At the time of my visit
no animals- were sick or recently dead, so I was unable to arrive at any definite diag-
nosis.
From time to time during the year I have co-operated with the local inspectors in
settling special cases. This work has occupied a considerable portion of my time.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
A. E. MOORE.
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
M. C. BAKER, D.V.S.
Montreal, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I beg to submit my annual report for the year ending to-day.
During the year the following animals were inspected by me and passed for export
at the Canadian Pacific Railway stock yards, Hochelaga.
CATTLE.
N. West.
Ontario.
U. S.
Mexico.
SHEEP.
Canadian.
U. S.
November, 1904. . .
November to May
1905.
May
June
July
August
September
October
Totals.
5,576
60
987
1,253
6,409
9,747
10,643
13,710
* 48,385
2,045
32
5,840
4,905
3,644
4,382
3,603
1.467
65
2,550
3,511
2.298
2,739
1,808
2,044
25,918
15.015
141
6.402
2,.5.50
499
2,460
2,507
2,532
5,304
2,212
1.078
151
123
141
24.466
1,352
Total cattle for the year .
Total sheep for the j'ear.
89.459
25.818
* 22,242 more than for year ending October 31st, 1904.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 81
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Of these, 8,664 head of cattle, 6,878 sheep, were shipped via Boston, and 1,934
head of cattle and 126 sheep via Portland, one bull and 274 sheep from Vermont,
and 104 Canadian cattle were shipped to South Africa. 978 Canadian cattle were ship-
ped to Havre, France.
During the year 154 head of cattle and 45 sheep were rejected as unfit for ship-
ment.
Thirty-one cases of actinomycosis, nearly all from the Northwest ranches. 38
mangy, all in ranch cattle and shipped from the west last year, part of these were
inspected in November, 1904, the balance were ranch cattle that had been fed in a dis-
tilery stable during the winter. These cases were reported at the time and every pre-
caution taken to prevent the spread of the disease. This season only one case with a
slight suspicion of mange, he was sent to the slaughter house. 6 cattle were totally
blind, the balance of the cattle 74, and the sheep were suffering from lameness and
injuries.
In November, 1904, I visited Megantic county and found a number of cases of
contagious abortion in cows, recommended thorough disinfection. I was sent to
Berthier county this summer to deal with an outbreak of scab in sheep, these were dip-
ped twice, the premises thoroughly disinfected. The disease was entirely cured. I
also, at the same place tested with tuberculin, 5 cows that were to be exported to Japan,
no reactions.
I was also sent to Shawinigan Falls to investigate a supposed outbreak of hog
cholera, found the disease to be due to local causes.
I am happy to be able to report, that the stock yards at Hochelaga, have been very
much improved, a solid plank floor has been put down, and when a few alterations are
made in the sheds, which the railway authorities have promised will be done, the yards
will be in first rate condition.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
M. C. BAICEE,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
CHARLES ]y:cEACHEAN, D.V.S.
Montreal, October 31, 1905.
Sir. — I beg to report that during the year commencing November 1, 1904, and end-
ing October 31, 1905, there were inspected, found free from disease, and exported
from Canada via the port of Montreal, 432 head of horses ; seventeen horses were held
back. 8 having strangles and 9 showing symptoms of influenza.
During the same twelve months via the port of Montreal, 694 horses were imported
to Canada, viz. : 404 Clydesdales, 223 ponies, 40 Hackneys, 23 Shires, 2 French Coachers.
1 Suffolk Punch, and 1 English thoroughbred. All were inspected on their arrival,
found free from disease and allowed to be landed.
From the 4th of January, 1905, until the 31st of October, I inspected at the mar-
ket places here and found free from disease, 15,338 head of cattle, 18,632 sheep, and
46.279 hogs. During the past ten months I have visited regularly and inspected the
horses in the sale stables and on cab stands in Montreal. I found three horses show-
ing the clinical symptoms of glanders and had them destroyed. Twenty horses were
tested with mallein, ten reacted to the test and were shot; the others were retested
15a— 6
82
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
within six weeks, were found to be free from the disease and set free from quarantine.
During 1905, I came across two outbreaks of mange in horses. In Chambly Canton,
7 horses were affected, and in a dealer's stable in Montreal 2 bad cases were found. In
both instances the premises were put in quarantine, the animals under my supervision
were treated, and when considered cured, the premises, utensils, &c., were thoroughly
disinfected.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
CHAELES McEACHKAN,
Inspector.
B. A. SUGDEN, D.V.S.
Montreal, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to report to you upon the inspection of live stock offered
for export at the Grand Trunk Stock Yards, Montreal, for the period extending from
November 1, 1904, to October 31, 1905.
During this time there were inspected and passed for shipment at the port of
Montreal : —
Cattle, 42,772 head, of which 2,636 were from the United States. Sheep,
14,524 head, of which 3,188 were from the United States. Hogs, 150. Buffalo,
1 buffalo bull, shipped to South Africa.
The following Canadian stock were inspected and passed for export via Portland
and Boston: —
Cattle, 22,944. Sheep, 20,868.
Erom the above were rejected 65 head of cattle of which 37 were affected with
actinomycosis and 5 with mange; the balance were suffering from sore feet or injuries
received during transportation.
There were also rejected 72 sheep on account of injuries or sore feet.
During the same period 25,147 head of United States cattle and 28,363 United
States sheep passed through the yards in bond for Portland and Boston for shipment
to British ports.
During the year I visited Abbotsf ord, Lacolle and Compton and tested with tuber-
culin, 12 head of cattle for export to the United States.
Two reacted, 1 at Abbotsford and 1 at Compton.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
B. A, SUGDEK
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa. *
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 83
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
J. H. FEINK, V.S.
St. John, N.B., October 31, 1905,
Sir, — I beg to submit my annual report, covering work i)erformed. at this station.
INSPECTION OF LIVE STOCK FOR EXPORT TO GREAT BRITAIN.
Cattle. — 30,903 cattle were inspected, 2 were condemned for actinomycosis, one
from intestinal disease, one from cerebritis; thirteen were condemned for lameness
and injuries, and two detained; 8,893 United States cattle were comprised in this
number. The usual conditions prevailed regarding inspection. The stock-yards re-
ceived marked attention from the railway authorities, and they were maintained iu
excellent condition during the winter, except the month of April, when the mild wea-
ther made it impossible to keep them to the standard, and the animals, after inspec-
tion and feeding, were allowed to proceed on board ship without detention. Consid-
erable improvement is noticed in stock cars of Canadian Pacific Railway, being much
larger than formerly, and fewer animals are placed in the cars, with the result that
cattle arrive in much better condition for shipment. Animals are not infrequently
bruised when unloading, due to defective landing platforms from the cars, and it is
noticeable that cars fitted with landing platforms, hinged to the car doors, afford the
safest means of exit. This may seem a comparatively small matter, but it can be
safely said that very great injury must ensue to shipi)ers from bruising of animals.
A record was kept concerning the places from which cattle have been shipped for ex-
port from Ontario and the Northwest, and it would appear from this that the greatest
export centres are Toronto, Woodstock, Ingersoll, Drumbo, Embro, Innerkip, Tees-
water, Ontario, and Cayley, in the Northwest. A careful examination was made of
Northwest Territories cattle for mange, but this was not discovered in any of them.
The general class of this last-named was inferior, and no doubt made worse by the
long railway haul, and nervousness under restraint. The cattle trafl&c at this port
is somewhat congested, owing to all cattle-carrying steamships having the same sail-
ing date (Saturday), and not infrequently three or four shiploads arriving on or about
the same day. The stock-yards not having sufficient capacity for such large numbers,
discretion has to be permitted in the matter of time allowance. This necessitates in-
spection work on Sunday through the whole season, and it might be very well dis-
pensed with, at least in part.
Export to South Africa. — 276 cattle were shipped to South Africa by liners run-
ning from this port. They were made up largely of milch cows, and were as a lot in-
ferior in size and condition.
Sheep Inspected for Export. — 16,304. Of these, 3,087 were United States sheep.
Fourteen sheep were condemned for injuries received in transit, and twenty-nine sheep
arriving in dying condition were ordered destroyed. As usual, opthalmia was pre-
sent to a considerable extent in Canadian sheep forwarded. It is possible this condi-
tion may arise from ammoniacal fumes arising from excreta, as sheep cars are not
infrequently unclean and manure and litter is often four or five inches deep in car
bottoms. The advisability of having these cars cleansed and cleanly bedded before
shipment, may be well considered. As animals affected with opthalmia suffer
severely and of necessity lose flesh and condition. It is the custom to feed sheep very
scantily in stock-yards here. It would be to the advantage of shippers if they received
a more generous allowance of food.
Horses for Export. — 213; 68 were shipped to Glasgow, and 145 to South Africa.
Of this latter lot, 24 were classified as mules, and 87 ponies from Mexico. All were
inspected and found free from disease.
15a— 0^
84 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
EXPORT CATTLE TO UNITED STATES.
Twenty-four milch cattle were inspected and tested for shipment to the United
States, coming from the vicinity of Sussex, N.B., one reacting animal was earmarked
permanently, and shipment of it forbidden.
INSPECTIONS IMPORT LIVE STOCK. (CATTLE.)
Twenty-six head of pure-bred cattle were imported from Great Britain, two born
in quarantine. These animals were kept in quarantine the prescribed period, tested
with tuberculin, and at the termination were discharged. Four animals reacted to
the tuberculin test and were permanently earmarked.
Of the breeds imported, nine were West Highland cattle, nine Shorthorns, three
Galloways, five Polled Angus.
Horses. — Forty-one pure-bred horses were imported from Britain, 33 Clydesdale
and Shire, 6 Hackneys, 2 Thoroughbreds. All were in good health, and with one ex-
ception were provided with the necesasry health certificates; were allowed to proceed.
IMPORTS FROM UNITED STATES.
Ten head of cattle (pure-bred) were imported from United States. One animal
from New York state without satisfactory tuberculin chart and certificate, was de-
tained in quarantine one week, tested, passed and allowed to proceed. Some 5 head
quarantined 15 days and allowed to proceed — sheep 1, goats 2.
Live Stock exported from Port of St. John, N. B., to Great Britain from November
1, 1904 to date.
Canadian cattle 21,734
'' sheep 13,217
" horses 68
United States cattle 8,893
" sheep 3,087
46,999
Total cattle shipped to Great Britain 30,627
" sheep " " 16,304
" horses " " 68
Export to South Africa —
Canadian cattle 276
" horses 108
Mexican horses 37
421
Export to United States —
Canadian cattle 23
Live stock imported from Great Britain —
Cattle 26
Horses 41
Live stock imported from United States —
Cattle 10
Swine 5
Sheep 1
Goats 2
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 86
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
CONTAGIOUS DISEASE.
Mange. — Last year quite a serious outbreak of mange in horses occurred in this
vicinity, and it was thought from all evidence, that it had been eradicated. It first
made its appearance this year in a number of horses which had returned from a lum-
ber camp in the interior. The stables had been cleansed and disinfected, and the
different animals placed under quarantine and successfully treated. The difficulty
in dealing with this disease is the concealment of a case or two, and as a result a
general infection of animals with which it may come in contact. Immediate notifi-
cation by the owner or agent of the presence of the disease to the inspector — ^in ac-
cordance with the Act — would prevent this.
Tuberculosis. — The testing of animals with tuberculin has been somewhat restrict-
ed. The only animals tested by me being those in quarantine at St. John, arriving
there from Great Britain and the United States, a carload of cattle for export to the
United States, and the testing of cattle at the experimental farm, Nappan, Nova
Scotia.
At this establishement sixty-three animals were tested, 45 were classified as
diseased, 2 suspicious.
GLANDERS.
A letter was received by me from the Provincial Commissioner of Agriculture
stating that information had reached him that an animal was suspected of glanders
in Charlotte county, New Brunswick. Investigation revealed the fact that the ani-
mal had paralysis of the pharynx, due to cerebral disease, the inability to swallow,
with the food being returned through the nostrils. This condition, with the gradual
wasting of the animal, excited fear and suspicion, which was unfounded.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
JAMES H. FEINK,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
WILLIAM JAKEMAN, D.V.S.
Halif.\x, N.S., October 31, 1905.
Sm, — I beg leave to submit the following statement of animals inspected by me
during the past twelve months.
On instruction by telegram from you, on April 5, 1905, I visited Truro, N.S., to
examine horses which arrived from Boston and said to be diseased. I did so and
leaTned that of seven horses from Boston, two had died from what I believe to be
pneumonia, the remaining five were suffering from influenza.
April 6th. On instruction by telegram from you requesting me to visit Bear
River, N.S., and investigate a disease said to exist there. On my arrival there, I
visited Joseph Warren and learned that two cows died the previous week from im-
paction of the third stomach.
86
DEPARTMENT OF AQBICULTUBE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Exports from Halifax to the following countries: —
Cattle.
Horses.
Sheep.
Swine.
600
20
65
5
10
3
7
898
67
278
13
14
23
24
13
United States .
7
27
12
4
5
10
Total
672
100
1,295
38
Importation at Halifax from the following countries: —
•
Horses.
Mules.
33
9
United States
3
42
3
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant.
WM. JAKEMAN,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
A. A. LECKIE, M.K.C.V.S.
Chablottetown, P.E.I., October 31, 1906.
Sir, — I beg to inclose the following report of work for year just ending, Novem-
ber 1, 1905.
28 horses, 1,296 cattle, 4,400 sheep, 10 swine, have been exported, distributed as
follows : —
18 cattle, 2,049 sheep, to England.
16 cattle to the West Indies.
5 horses, 1 calf, 6 sheep, to the United States.
23 horses, 1,261 cattle, 2,345 sheep, to Newfoundland.
The outside work in connection with the Dominion government has been thus : —
On June 3, 1905, 1 received word from Ottawa to proceed to O'Leary to investigate
a supposed outbreak of contagious disease among cattle. After a careful
examination of the same, I came to the conclusion that the feeding was the
cause of the trouble — a not quite sufficient amount of nutritious diet being provided.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS
87
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
their chief sustenance being from salted straw and water. The water being given some-
what irregularly, on account of the storms, caused an increased quantity to be taken,
causing acute diarrhoea, leading to dysentery. This was the condition in which I found
the sick cow, which was at pasture. The other looked in good shape.
On July 1-ith. I received word to investigate a case which had been reported, sus-
pected glanders, the animal the property of a gentleman at Middleton. On test
with mallein she was considered suspicious, but, on retest, showed no reaction. This
mare is an excellent case of neglected disease in frontal sinus. Had she been trephined
earlier, the operation might have done some good. She has been able to raise her
foal, which she certainly would not have done had she not worn a tracheotomy tube.
She showed no symptoms denoting infectious or contagious disease.
During August of this year, I was called to see a cow, at East Royalty,
supposed to have lump jaw. On examination, I diagnosed an advanced case
of tuberculosis, and advised owner to have his herd tested, which he did. His
brother also thought he would have his cattle tested at the same time. They were
tested with tuberculin, and the result of the test is known at Ottawa. I have done
my best to interest the local government of this island in this matter, but there seems
to be no wish to deal with the trouble. Our city authorities have made a move in the
matter, causing each one supplying milk to the city to show a clean bill i)er tuberculin
test for each cow in use. This is an excellent move and will, at least, help to keep the
dairymen on the watch for any sign of the disease.
So far as the tuberculin test is concerned, I wish to express an opinion with re-
gard to its use. As a diagnostic, it is valuable to show (not that animals reacting are
all affected) but a condition of constitution, which, in the presence of tubercular
bacilli, would soon succumb to the disease. The animal which does not react will, to
a certain extent be immune, at least for a time, as in vaccination for smallpox there
are individuals on whom the vaccine does not take, these would be considered im-
mune. As the tubercular test is therefore useful to show us the cows which would
be the first to succumb, it will give the dairyman an oportunity to clear out those
which show this weakness, and to build up his herd from the more highly vigorous
cattle. Should the immunizing of cattle by the Yon Behring method prove success-
ful (it being a preventative serum, prepared with live culture) one of the grandest
finds ever discovered will have fallen to the lot of the agriculturist. It seems to have
been successful so far, with calves inoculated twice in the first six months of their
lives, turned loose with tuberculosed cattle, kept in their midst for three or four
years, on being slaughtered, showed no symptoms of the disease, while others in their
midst, not vaccinated with the Von Behring vaccine, and slaughtered, were found
tuberculosed. It certainly look's bright for the discoverer, and it is to be hoped that
some one will be successful in producing some method of immunization, or way in
which to deal with this disease, more suitable and easier to manage than we have at
present.
I have the honour to be, sir
Your obedient servant,
ANDREW A. LECKIE,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
88 DEPARTMENT OF AORICULTVRE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
J. A. COUTURE, D.Y.S.
Animal Quarantine Station^
Quebec, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to transmit my annual report of the operations of the
Pointe Levis Animal Quarantine for the twelve months ending on the 30th of
October last.
The total number of animals imported through this station is 518 being: —
Cattle 52
Sheep 342
Swine 74
Goats 17
Horses 33
BREEDS OF THE ANIMALS.
The different breeds are represented as follows: —
Cattle.
Jerseys 3
Galloways 5
Ayrshires - 16
Shorthorns 28
52
Sheep.
Leicesters 5
South Downs IT
Oxford Downs 22
Cotswolds 22
Dorsets 23
Hampshires 63
Cheviots 70
Shropshires 120
342
Swine.
Yorkshires 21
Berkshires 53
74
Goats.
Breeds unknown 17
Horses.
Carriage 2
Welsh ponies 2
Ardennais 9
Clydes 20
33
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 89
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
The animals have been imported by the following parties: —
Cattle.
Mrs. F. L. Cartwright, Xapanee. Ontario, three Jerseys.
W. D. Flatt, Hamilton, Ontario, five Galloways.
E. K. Ness, Howick, Quebec, sixteen Ayrshires.
Sir William Mulock, Toronto, one Shorthorn.
Arthur Johnston, Greenwood, Ontario, two Shorthorns.
Kobert Miller, Stouffville, Ontario, seven Shorthorns.
H. J. Davis, Woodstock, eighteen Shorthorns.
Sheep.
Kobert Miller, Stouffville, Ontario, five Leicesters, eight South Downs, fourteen
Cots wolds, five Hampshires, one hundred and two Shropshires.
John Milton, Marshall, Michigan, nine South Downs, eight Cotswolds, fifty-one
Hampshires.
Henry Arkell, Arkell, Ontario, twenty-two Oxford Downs.
W. G. Appleby, Birmington, Vermont, twenty-three Dorsets.
Eobson Bros., Hall's Corner, Xew York, seven Hampshires.
Thos. Oliver, Maple Creek, Saskat-chewan, seventy Cheviots.
John Dryden & Son., Brooklin, Ontario, eighteen Shropshires.
Swine.
D. C. Flatt & Son., Millgrove, Ontario, twenty-one Yorkshires.
Eobert Miller, Stouffville, Ontario, two Berkshires.
W. H. Durham, Toronto, fifty-one Berkshires.
Goats.
Chs. Demey, Maisonneuve, Quebec, seventeen goats.
Horses.
Vesey Boswell, Quebec, one carriage horse.
M. Major, Quebec, one carriage horse.
Eobt. Miller, Stouffville, two Welsh ponies.
Baron de Lepine, Quebec, nine Ardennais.
Agricultural College, Nova Scotia, twenty Clydesdales.
Destination.
Of these animals there went to the United States : — 5 cattle and 98 sheep, and the
balance, viz.: 47 cattle, 244 sheep and all the swine, goats and horses remained in
Canada.
The province of Nova Scotia imported twenty Clydesdale horses.
The province of Quebec imported sixteen Ayshire cattle, nine Ardennais horses,
two carriage horses, seventeen goats.
The province of Ontario imported three Jersey cattle, twenty-eight Shorthorn
cattle, 174 sheep.
The province of Saskatchewan imported seventy sheep.
90 DEPARTMENT OF AORICULTVRE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
The quarantine grounds are in good order, the stables and fences are in good
condition. However, some minor repairs would have to be done next year so as to
keep everything in good condition.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
J. A. COUTURE,
Superintendent.
P.S. — I may mention that eight cattle reacted to the tubercidin test.
J. A. C.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
W. H. PETHICK, V.S.
Antigonish, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit a report of the investigations into the cause
of the Pictou cattle disease, conducted at the government experimental station, Anti-
gonish, during the year just ended. Before dealing with the experiments, which I
have had the honour of conducting under your direction, I beg liberty to offer a few
general remarks on the subject.
The early history of Pictou cattle disease, we must confess, is somewhat shrouded
in mystery, but from careful inquiry of the older inhabitants, we learn that the dis-
ease first made its appearance in the town of Pictou about fifty years ago.
Mr. Connell, of the Customs Department, remembers the first outbreak. The
older people interviewed all claim that the plant ' ragwort ' (senecio jacohea) had by
this time a footing in that town. They say that the weed was imported in ballast
from Europe and landed at Hatton's wharf, and, at an early date, was believed to be
the cause of the new cattle disease, and so firmly was this believed, that Mr. Gordon,
who was then street commissioner, imposed a fine upon those who did not destroy the
weed found growing in front of their lands.
We are told that from the town of Pictou, the weed spread to West River, thence
to Greenhill, New Glasgow, Eraser's Mountain, Merigomish and along the gulf shore
into Antigonish county as far east as Cape George. We are told that the disease
followed, and in no instance did the disease overstep the weed limit, and where there
was no weed, no disease existed.
Upon looking at the accompanying map, you will see the extent of the present
weed area. The portion shaded, shows, where it exists as a troublesome agricultural
weed, that is, in pastures and hay-fields, and as a stray plant along the roadside and
railway, it probably extends over nearly the whole of Pictou and Antigonish counties,
and is making some progress into the northern part of Guysborough county.
The spreading of the weed to a greater distance east of Pictou than to the west,
is accounted for by the fact that the prevailing winds here in winter are from the
northwest. The heavily shaded portion, indicates the territory where the cattle dis-
ease exists.
A notable feature in the spread of the disease is a tendency to remain stationary
in a locality for perhaps a year or more, and then extend somewhat rapidly taking in
a few more miles of territory, and again becoming stationary.
I have not an opportunity of obtaining very accurate statistics. Dr. William Mc-
Eachran states in his report, that up to 1881 one thousand three hundred and ninety-
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 91
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
six head of cattle had died, and during that year two hundred and three animals had
succumbed. This seems to have been the greatest mortality in any one year to that
date. Since then, if we can say that a considerable number of cases are not reported,
we might estimate the average yearly mortality at two hundred head.
When this disease visits a farm, it remains for years, or. until ' ragwort ' is
eradicated, causing the loss of from one to six or eight head annually. On some farms,
the total loss in fifteen or twenty years has exceeded sixty head; on some the entire
stock has been lost, and upon restocking, has been lost again ; on some the loss was so
heavy, that stock-keeping had to be abandoned.
Heretofore the disease was believed to be confined to portions of Pictou and An-
tigonish counties, but in August, 1903, it was discovered near Souris, P.E.I. ' Rag-
wort ' is also growing abundantly in this district, and from the evidence of farmers
who have lost cattle, it is evident that the disease has during the last seven or eight
years been accountable for the loss of sixty or seventy head in this locality.
Our suspicion that the disease also exists near Alberton, P.E.I., where ' ragwort '
has also a footing, was confirmed last summer, and we have good reasons to fear that
this troublesome malady exists undiscovered in localities, both on the island and main-
land.
Although some valuable information has been gained through the investigations
conducted at different times by Professor William Osier, Professor Adami and the
late Dr. Wyatt Johnson regarding the morbid anatomy of the disease, the cause re-
mained a mystery. The popular opinion that the disease was due to the eating of
' ragwort ' had led to some feeding experiments being conducted under the supervision
of Dr. William ^cEachran. These experiments, so far as they extend, gave negative
results, and the plant was consequently pronouneed innocent, and the old theory that
the disease was due to some unknown contagion was adhered to.
Fortunately you visited eastern Nova Scotia in 1902 and realizing the disastrous
effect of this disease upon the live stock interests of the affected counties, decided to
establish an experiment station within the disease area where the disease could be
studied, and feeding and other experiments conducted, and continued for a sufficient
length of time to make the result conclusive.
You, sir, have already a perfect knowledge of the result, and indeed, every detail
of the work at this station. But, the probability that this report may be read by many
interested people, and as it seems to me very important that the most sceptical should
be convinced that the cause of Pictou cattle disease has at last been settled beyond
a doubt, to the end that a united effort be made to exterminate the plant ' ragwort.'
which besides being accountable for cattle disease, grows at the expense of useful
fodder plants, and is an enemy of the agriculturist in every sense of the word, I beg
leave to give a detailed account of the different experiments, which I have had the
honour of conducting under your direction.
Before doing so, I would say that many different theories have been advanced,
both by the learned and unlearned, regarding the cause of Pictou cattle disease.
Some claim that the causative agent exists in the soil of certain localities, in the
form of a micro-organism. Others, that it exists in the body of the animal. It was
thought by many that infected stables were accountable, while others were of the
opinion that actual contact was necessary for its spread. A few pointed to the pos-
sibility of inoculation being accountable, but by far the greater number looked upon
• ragwort ' with suspicion, but these again were divided, some claiming that the in-
jury was done while the animal was at pasture on ' ragwort ' land ; others that the
weed was only injurious when mixed with the hay and fed during the winter months.
A few believed that the plant, if cut before flowering, was innocent. Nearly all were
of the opinion that good or poor feeding rendered animals more or less liable to the
disease, many claiming that good feeding gave complete protection.
Your wisdom in investigating the cause, with each of these theories in view is
92 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
cbvious, and those who will read this report to the end will find their opinion either
confirmed or negatived by a thorough and practical experiment.
In order that the records of the experiments may be the more complete, I have
thought well to copy in part from my report of last year's work, and have added
thereto the additional information gained, giving the results to date.
Experiment ISTo. 1.
The object of this experiment was to ascertain whether the disease was communi-
cable through the medium of infected stables, if so does feeding good or poor render
the animal moi-e or less liable to contract the disease.
In this test sixteen animals ranging from one to five years old were employed.
They were housed in an old frame stable, in which thirty-six head of cattle had prev-
iously suffered from Pictou cattle disease. The building was not disinfected, or any
precautions taken to guard against infection from that source.
These animals were fed upon hay absolutely free from ' ragwort ' imported from
Quebec.
These were subdivided into lots of fovir, and the following daily ration allowed.
A — D, full hay ration with four pounds grain mixture.
E — H, full hay ration with two pounds grain mixture.
I — L, full hay ration without grain.
M — P, restricted allowance of hay without grain.
While all these animals were during the first summer pastured on land compara-
tively free from 'ragwort' this season eight members of the herd, namely, (A), (B),
(E), (F), (I), (J), (M) and (N) were grazed, not only upon weedy pasture, but on one
in which no less than fourteen head of cattle had died of cattle disease within five
months.
All the members of this herd remained in perfect health during the entire test
which extended over twenty three months, the younger ones growing nicely and looking
slick and thrifty. "WTiile all were at the time of sale in good market condition, those
which had received a grain ration were prime butcher's cattle.
In accordance with your instructions, all these animals except (C), (E) and (F)
which were held over because of advanced pregnancy were slaughtered between October
10 and October 31 under my inspection. A careful post-mortem examination revealed
nothing abnormal. Specimens of different organs from each were forwarded to the
Biological Laboratory, Ottawa.
The pathologist's report confirms my opinion, that all were healthy.
In order to avoid the possibility of criticism or doubt on the part of any, the
animals were slaughtered in the presence of experienced butchers, who agreed that all
the organs were healthy, and the flesh of that good colour which characterizes healthy
beef.
Experiment No. 2.
To decide whether the disease is due to the ingestion of ' ragwort,' if so, does good
or poor feeding render more or less liable to disease.
The sixteen animals employed in this test were procured from well outside the
disease area, and housed in a new isolated stable built for the purpose. They have never
since been in contact with other animals, or exposed to outside contagion. It will be
noticed that while all were fed on hay containing ' ragwort ' every four received a
different ration as follows : —
1 — 4, sufficient hay containing ' ragwort ' four pounds grain mixture.
5 — 8, sufficient hay containing " ragwort ' two pounds grain mixture.
9 — 12, sufficient hay containing ' ragwort ' without grain.
13 — 16, a restricted allowance of hay containing ' ragwort.' without grain.
HEALTH OF AA'IMALS 93
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
As this experiment is most important, I beg leave to give a separate record of each
snimal during the entire test. As this must of necessity be brief, I shall only mention
conspicuous symptoms and post-mortem lesions.
Animal No. 1.
A steer two years old,* native breed, average size.
This animal fed well, and appeared in good health until May 1, 1905, when pre-
monitory symptoms of Pictou cattle disease were observed, and in the use of the term,
I beg to say that our experiment goes to show that this disease is progressive and runs
a much more chronic course than previously believed, and to the careful observer who
takes pains to become familiar with the appearance and disposition of each animal
under his care, certain premonitory symptoms may be observed in some instances
months before the more characteristic symptoms are manifest.
In this case, as indeed in nearly all others, we noticed a peculiar bleached appear-
ance of the hair, which seemed to have lost its lustre, a desire to be alone, irritation of
temper or nervousness, occasional chills, although in a moderately warm stable. This
animal would stand and shiver, while the healthy members of this herd appeared com-
fortable. The bowels are irregular, the pulse at this stage is fast although quite strong,
temperature slightly above normal.
On May 16 the more characteristic symptoms set in, visible mucous membrane
pale, eyes amaurotic, slight diarrhoea, emaciation.
June 3. — Symptoms much aggravated, very weak, staggering gait, pulse 81, tem-
perature 100.
June 11. — Unable to rise. Died on June 14, 1905, being eighteen months and
seven days from beginning of experiment, and forty-four days after first symptoms
were noticed.
Post-mortem. — Noticed muscles pale, abdominal cavity contains about three gal-
lons dropsical fluid, marked wasting of mesenteric and omental fat, which is saturated
A\ith fluid, rumen half full of food, mucous coat very dark, sub-mucous coat dropsi-
cal. The second and third stomachs are partly filled with food, the muscular coat of
?.bomasum is thin and covered with blebs of serous fluid, mucous coat saturated with
fiuid and dotted here and there with ulcers, some ulcers are recent, some few are healed
\vith scar tissue. The liver is normal in size, somewhat mottled. The capsule is very
adherent and the pulp appears cirrhotic. The gall bladder is much enlarged, and walls
thickened, all the other organs appear fairly normal. Pathological specimens were
forwarded to the Biological Laboratory.
The pathologist's report confirms my diagnosis, and to avoid repetiton, I may just
say here that specimens of liver, kidney, spleen and lymph glands, and when neces-
sary, stomach and other organs were forwarded for examination to the Biological
Laboratory, and in each instance the pathologist found lesions of Pictou cattle disease,
thus, leaving no room for doubt as to the cause of death.
Animal No. 2.
Steer, two yeai-s old. — This animal api>eared to be in good health, feeding well
until February 7, 1905, when we find the following entry: —
Not doing well, variable appetite, rather unthrifty, the hair appears as though
greased, and when nibbed the wrong way, shows miich irritability of temper. If turned
cut he will stand and shiver. The temperature as is usual at this stage is slightly
above normal.
April 1. — The animal exhibits severe nervous disturbance. When at large is al-
most constantly in motion. Temperature 103, pulse 80. For some days some im-
provement is shown, but on April 17th visible cerebral symptoms are exhibited, the
animal running madly about, the eyes are exceedingly amaurotic, blood extravasations
into the conjunctiva is noticed.
* The ages given are those of the animals at commencement of experimenit.
94 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
April 23. — Appetite gone, much muscular inco-ordination.
April 25. — Animal is now lying down and seems indifferent to surroundings. Tem-
perature has fallen to 99. Died on April 30, 1905, of Pictou cattle disease, being sev-
enteen months and six days from beginning of experiment, and eighty-two days after
first suspicious symptoms.
Post-mortem shows gross lesions, very similar to that of No. 1, but in this case
the abdomen contains only a very small quantity of ascitic fluid, very little abdominal
fat, layers of gelatinized fluid cover the visible viscera. Blebs of fluid standing out
on omentum, the true stomach shows many ulcers, mostly old, the liver is slightly large
and gray in appearance, spleen is normal in size, but darker than usual, heart and
thoracic viscera are normal.
Animal No. S.
A heifer rising two years old, average size. — This animal was a good feeder and
quite thrifty, growing nicely until April 1, 1905, when she exhibited dullness, variable
appetite, mucous membrane pale, slightly yellow, eyes prominent and bright, tempera-
ture slightly above normal, but rapidly falling when exposed to cold, pulse 50 and
strong, little change noticed, except the progressive emaciation, which I may say is an
almost constant feature of the disease, until May 13, when change for the worse takes
place rapidly. Diarrhoea sets in, temperature falls to 99, pulse quick and weak, she
gets up with difficulty, hind quarter seems paralysed.
May 18. — ^Body is covered with cold sweat, abdomen very pendulous, the sub-
maxillary tissue is dropsical.
May 23. — There is twitching of muscles, an occasional tenesmus. Died of Pictou
cattle disease May 30, 1905, being eighteen months and six days from beginning of
experiment and sixty days after first indication of disease.
Post morten. — The flesh is pale, and of slightly yellow colour. There is much
asciates. The omentum is saturated with fluid. The coats of stomach are oedematous.
considerable ulceration of true stomach, ulcers appear recent. In this case there is
fluid under the mucosa of all the intestines, liver is somewhat small, substance shows
fibrous bands, gall bladder very large, contains eighteen ounces dark green bile, kid-
neys are very pale, pericardial sack contains five ounces fluid.
Animal No. J/..
Heifer, one year old. — This was a very thrifty animal, and continued in appar-
ently perfect health until June 19, 1905, when primary symptoms of cirrhosis set in.
The more acute symptoms developed rapidly. By the 28th of June she had lost much
flesh. Diarrhoea was not constant, appetite gone.
July 6. — Temperature slightly sub-normal, pulse very intermittent. The skin
and visible mucous membranes are of a decidedly yellow tinge. The eyes though
amaurotic were not so bright as noticed in some other cases. There was swelling of
the lower eye-lids.
July 10. — Lying down, occasional tenesmus, temperature has fallen to 98.
July 15. — Died of Pictou cattle disease, being nineteen months and twenty-one
days from beginning of experiment, and twenty-six days from beginning of sickness.
Post mortem examination reveals the usual gross lesions, ascites is very marked,
and the mesenteric fat is decidedly yellow. The mucosa of abomasum hangs in loose
folds, containing many ulcers. Many of these are pigmented. The mesenteric lymph
glands are much enlarged and soft, the spleen pulp is very dark, the liver, though nor-
mal in size, is exceptionally tough and shows fibrous bands.
Animal No. 5.
Steer two years old, native breed, not a very good feeder, of a nervous temper
and did not thrive as well as some of the others. He was apparently healthy until
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 95
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
February 2, 1905, when he began to lose flesh and had the appearance of a poorly
kept animal. Other suspicious symptoms developed and by the 22nd March we were
able to diagnose the disease as cirrhosis. Except for progressive emaciation little
change was noticed until April 25, when he became decidedly worse. The symptoms
became more pronounced. On May 12 he developed violent cerebral symptoms, was
almost constantly in motion, occasionally shaking his head. Sometimes he would stop
to take a bite of grass, but appeared unable to swallow (probably due to spasm of
oesophagus). The amaurotic condition of the eye was very pronounced. Extra flex-
ion of the knee, which I may say is fairly constant symptom, was very noticeable,
the feet being raised higher from the ground than usual. The action, however, is
slow, and the animal seems to hesitate at every step.
On the 21st he seemed to have gained new strength. Cerebral sj-mptoms were ag-
gravated, the animal running madly about until completely exhausted. He died May
23, 1905, being seventeen months and twenty-nine days from beginning of experiment
and seventy days from date of first reliable symptom.
Post mortem examination revealed the usual gross lesions. There was not, how-
ever, so much ascites, nor was the gall so large as noticed in other cases, but the liver
pulp was very gray. There was also much ulceration of the mucosa of abomasum.
Animal No. 6.
Steer two years old, small. This animal appeared perfectly normal until July 9,
1905, when he exhibited first symptoms of cattle disease.
On August 1 the more acute symptoms developed. In this case which was the
quiet or dull type, which I may say is the form usually met with in weak subjects, the
animal would be found in a fence corner standing quiet or lying down, showing no
inclination to join the herd, but rather a desire for concealment.
August 5. — Diarrhoea has set in and the temperature is sub-normal QSf. The res-
piration is deep, twenty to a minute, pulse 81. The eye is not so bright as in other
cases, and there is no hemorrhage into the conjunctiva. The lower eye-lids are much
swollen and there is evidence of much ascites.
August 10. — Now lying down. The body is covered with cold sweat. Sticky saliva
escapes from the mouth at intervals.
August 11. — Semi-comatose. Died August 12, 1905, being twenty months and
nineteen days from the beginning of experiment, and thirty-four days from the date
v.'hen first symptoms were observed.
Post-mortem examination shows the usual lesions. There was much ascites (fully
six gallons). The abdominal fat was replaced with layers of jelly like lymph. The
small intestines contained a considerable quantity of sand (this we have noticed in
many cases). The stomach ulcers are much pigmented.
Animal No. 7.
Heifer one year old, average size. This animal showed no signs of illness until
April 1, 1905, when we noticed the first symptoms of cattle disease. She, however,
continued to feed well, and kept quite strong.
On June 5 the characteristic symptoms developed abruptly, which were similar
to those exhibited by animal No. 5. She died June 15, 1905, being eighteen months
and twenty-two days from beginning of experiment and seventy-six days from date
of first symptom.
Post mortem examination showed a typical case of Picton cattle disease.
Animal No 8.
Steer, one year old, average size. This animal appeared to be healthy until July 15,
1904, when I noticed the following entry : —
96 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Not feeding well, losing flesh, and on August 8 slight diarrhoea and usual symp-
toms of Pictou cattle disease.
Sept. 1. — The acute symptoms (similar to No. 1) had developed. Died on Sep-
tember 7, 1904, being nine months and fourteen days from beginning of experiment
and fifty-four days from beginning of sickness.
Post mortem examination showed a well developed case of Pictou cattle disease,
the only peculiar feature being the presence of considerable abdominal fat. This,
however, is soft and yellow. The liver was smaller than usual and apparently very
cirrhotic. •
Animal No. 9.
Steer one year old, small. This was a very good thrifty animal until May 30^
1905, when he presented the usual symptoms of cattle disease.
About June 20 he seemed to improve somewhat in appearance, but by July 21
he developed the characteristic symptoms already described. These were, however,
of the quiet type and he lingered along failing every day. He died on August 21,
1905, being twenty months and twenty-eight days from beginning of experiment and
eighty-two days from date of first symptom.
Post mortem examination showed the iisual pathological changes resembling those
noted in case No. 3.
Animal No. 10.
A heifer one j^ear old. This animal was rather thin but appeared healthy until
April 2, 1905, when first symptom was noticed. On April 12, diarrhoea and other acute
symptons set in (similar to case No: 6). Died Jvme 2, 1905, being seventeen months
and nine days from beginning of experiment and sixty-one days after first symptom
of disease.
Post mortem examination showed the usual lesions.
Animal No. 11.
Steer one year old, average size. This was a thrifty animal until April, 1904,
when the usual premonitory symptoms were noticed. On May 1 the more acute
symptoms developed. This, however, was a very chronic case. He would for a few
days appear much better, then a return of the symptoms, and he would lose more than
he had gained. He continued in this way throughout June and July.
On August 1 the symptoms became more severe, the animal becoming very weak.
On August 26 the temperature had fallen to 97. Died on September last, 1904,
being nine months and eight days from beginning of experiment and one hundred
and twenty-three days from date of diagnosis.
Post mortem examination revealed the characteristic lesions of Pictou cattle
desease, but no change was worthy of special notice, the liver to the naked eye show-
ing much fibrosis.
Animal No. 12.
Steer one year old. This was a strong, healthy animal and a good feeder. He
never gave evidence of sickness, and kept in fair flesh, however, he did not seem to
grow as well as might be expected. He was killed on October 24, 1905, being twenty-
four months from beginning of experiment. All the organs appear healthy to naked
eye. except a few ulcers on miTCOus coat of abomasum. Dr. Higgins has found upon
microscopic examination a slight deposit of connective tissue around the bile ducts
with the usual pericellular extension, as well as other characteristic changes in the
liver, and although this deposit was so slight that it would be impossible to detect its
presence except under high power. Yet the result of this examination proves con-
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 97
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
clusively that this animal, also, was affected with Pictou cattle desease although not
exhibiting any clinical symptoms.
This, I beg to say, is but another instance of the great assistance your inspectors
derive from the Biological Laboratory under such capable management.
Animal No. 13.
Steer, one year old. The animal appeared in good health until about January 3,
1905, when he began to lose flesh. By February 1 the premonitory symptoms had
developed, these becoming more pronounced until April 11 when the more acute symp-
toms were observed. Died on May 20, 1905, being seventeen months and twenty-six
days from beginning of experiment and one hundred and twenty days from first symjy-
tom of disease.
Post mortem examination showed the usual gross lesions of Pictou cattle disease.
Animal No. I4.
Heifer one year old. Appeared in good health until about April 17, 1905, when
first symptoms of cirrhosis were observed. The more characteristic symptoms deve-
loped about May 29, Appetite was very irregular, hind quarters became weak and
paralyzed. On June 17 she became semi-comatose, pulse intermittent, temperature
99. Died on June 10, 1905, being eighteen months and twenty-six days from begin-
ning of experiment and sixty-three days from date of first symptoms of disease.
Post mortem examination showed organs to be in much the same condition as
that of No. 1.
Animal No. 15.
Heifer, one year old. This animal was very thrifty. Early in June she began to
lose flesh, but fed well until June 17 when the acute symptoms (similar to No. 5)
developed. Violent cerebral symptoms were noticed.
On June 16 she broke from the enclosure, becoming dangerous. Was shot on
June 16, being nineteen months and twenty-two days from beginning of experiment
and nine days after first symptom was noticed.
Post-mortem examination revealed the usual lesions. There was not much ascites,
but the mucosa of the true stomach was much ulcerated and the liver very cirrhotic.
Animal No. 16.
Heifer one year old. This animal appeared perfectly normal until June 2, 1904,
when we observed the first symptoms of the disease. The more acute symptoms
developed abruptly. These did not vary much in character from those exhibited by
No. 3. She died July 19, 1904, being seven months and twenty-six days from beginning
of experiment and forty-seven days from date of first reliable symptom.
Post-mortem examination showed this to be a typical case of cattle disease. There
was fully five gallons of ascitic fluid in the peritoneal cavity, while the stomach and
liver gave the usual lesions.
Third Experiment.
To ascertain if the feeding of ' ragwort ' (which had been separated from the hay
with which it was growing and thoroughly cured) would produce the disease.
This test was conducted in a new stable, the subjects being two two year old steers,
quite healthy, about same size and weight. . Animal No. 17 steer two years old was fed
twice daily on chopped ' ragwort ' with a little bran, while animal No. 18 was fed twice
daily on chopped oats straw with very little bran. Although somewhat thin No, 17 was
15a— 7
98 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
bright and aparently healthy until July 14, 1904, when symptoms of cattle disease
developed abruptly, characterized by severe nervous disturbance and loss of power of
the limbs, palpitation, rapid action of the heart, sub-normal temperature and extreme
emaciation. Died on July 22, 1904, being seven months and twenty-eight days from
beginning of experiment and eight days from date of first definite symptom.
Post-mortem examination revealed a well developed case of Pictou cattle disease.
Animal No. 18.
Steer two years old. This animal continued in good health during the entire test
and was slaughtered for beef on October 24, 1905, being twenty-three months from
beginning of test. All the organs were upon careful examination found to be perfectly
normal. This was verified by the pathologist after examining the specimens for-
warded him.
Fourth Experiment.
To ascertain if ' ragwort ' if cut before flowering would produce the disease. A
quantity of ' ragwort ' was cut before flowering and mixed with twenty times its buU;
of clean-hay.
A calf six months old (No. 19) was fed twice daily upon this mixture, also receiv-
ing two pounds crushed oats. The feeding began on December 1, 1904. The animal
did not grow well but appeared fairly healthy until May 1, 1905, when diarrhoea set in.
He now failed rapidly exhibiting symptoms of nervovis disturbance, followed by notable
dejection. He died on May 26, 1905, being five months and twenty-six days from begin-
ning of experiment and twenty-six days from date of first symptom.
Post-mortem changes did not vary much in character from those already described.
Contact Experiment.
Two healthy young animals (G and N) were on April 7, 1904, placed in an isolated
stable and tied in the same stable with an animal suffering from cattle disease. All
were fed on imported hay out of the same manger and watered from the one pail.
During the summer the contact animals were kept in an inclosure with the animals
affected with the disease. Ko precaution was taken in any way to guard against infec-
tion.
The contact animals remained perfectly healthy during the entire test and were
slaughtered for beef on October 23, 1905.
Post-mortem examination showed the organs normal as was verified by the patho-
logist.
Even more striking proof of the non-contagion of the disease will be found in the
case of animal No. 18 (experiment No. 3).
This steer was stabled during two winters and pastured during two summers with
the ' ragwort ' fed cattle. Sixteen of these animals lived and died at his side. He fed
over the ground on which they had fallen, was often noticed licking the sick ones when
they were unable to rise. He was kept in an exactly similar way to the others except
that ' ragwort ' was withheld. (See experiment No. 3.) .
INOCULATION EXPERIMENT.
The blood and ascitic fluid used in this test was obtained from experiment heifer
No. 4. In his report upon the s]pecimens from this case, your pathologist states that
the cirrhotic condition of the liver was mor^ extensive than in any of the experimen-
tal cases that he had examined, thus leaving no room for doubt as to the reliability of
the material employed.
HEALTH OF AXIMALS 99
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Subcutaneous inoculation —
Cow (B) — Fifteen cubic centimetres of fresh blood.
Steer (J) — Thirty cubic centimetres of fresh blood.
Steer (K) — Fifteen cubic centimetres of ascitic fluid.
Heifer (L) — Thirty cubic centimetres of ascitic fluid.
Intravenous inoculation —
Heifer (M) — Fifteen cubic centimetres of fresh blood.
Heifer (O) — Thirty cubic centimetres of fresh blood.
Intraperitoneal inoculation —
Steer (D) — Fifteen cubic centimetres of fresh blood.
Steer (A) — Thirty cubic centimetres of fresh blood.
Steer (H) — Fifteen cubic centimetres of ascitic fluid.
Heifer (P) — Thirty cubic centimetres of ascitic fluid.
These animals were inoculated on July 15, 1905, there was no swelling at point of
inoculation or any ill effects of any nature. Temperature and pulse remained normal
throughout. The animals were slaughtered between October 10 and October 31, 1905,
Post-mortem examination gave no lesions of any description.
A similar test in which guinea pigs were employed gave negative results.
I beg to submit that the above experiments prove clearly that Pictou cattle disease
is not contagious either by means of stable, pasture, contagion or inoculation, but is
caused solely by the ingestion of ' ragwort ' or by some deleterious substance which it
imparts to the hay.
TREATMENT.
As to treatment, I have very little to say. My observations during the past year
confirm the opinion that the strychnine and iron treatment (outlined in my last sea-
son's report) will in many cases prolong the life, and in incipient cases may enable
the owner to get the animal into marketable condition, but medicine cannot repair
the morbid changes in the liver, and it is very doubtful if much practical benefit can
be derived therefrom.
PREATINTION.
Eradication of ' ragwort ' is the first essential. I believe, sir, that you are of the
opinion that sheep and perhaps goats will prove a most valuable aid in the fight that
should at once be made against this plant. I heartily concur in your opinion, and
firmly believe that if sheep were confined in sufficient number upon weedy farms and
concerted action taken to cut the weed wherever found, in a few years the land will
be free from ' ragwort ' and consequently from cattle disease.
The following experiment helps to confirm this opinion. Four sheep were con-
fined since April 1, 1905, on four acres of very weedy pasture. The field (as will be
seen from the photograph which I have the honour of sending you) is entirely free
from ' ragwort ' while it is bounded on all sides by a luxuriant growth of the plant.
More extensive experimentation, however, along this line is necessary before suffi-
ciently reliable information is gained.
^V^lile it is generally admitted that sheep will destroy ' ragwort ' the opinion pre-
vails that the plant has an injurious effect upon the sheep, first by causing sickness
and death, secondly by staining the tissues and rendering the flesh unmarketable.
All these are points of vital interest to the farmer and stock-owner, and I am
glad to learn that you have under consideration a series of experiments which I be-
lieve will be of most practical value.
In conclusion, I am glad to be able to say that no contagious disease has visited
this county during the year, although I have investigated the usual number of re-
15a— 7i
100 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
ported outbreaks. I have, however, caused to be slaughtered sixty head of cattle, these
being infected with Pictou cattle disease. Detailed accounts of each case have been
forwarded to you.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, W. H. PETHICK,
Ottawa. Inspector.
F. S. MACDONALD, V.S.
SouRis, P.E.I., October, 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith a statement showing the number of
cattle slaughtered for Pictou cattle disease and the amount of compensation paid
therefor, during the twelve months ending October 31, 1905.
In compliance with your instructions, I have investigated the reported existence
of glanders at Big Pond and East Baltic. Mallein test chart and a report on the sub-
ject have been forwarded to you.
1904. Number slaughtered. Amount paid.
November ....
December . ....
1905.
January ....
February • . . .
March • • • •
April 1 $ 20
May 3 . 56
June 9 112
July 8 138
August 5 82
September 1 20
October 3 50
Total 30 $178
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, F. S. MAODONALD,
Ottawa. Inspector.
G. TOWNSEND, D.V.S.
New Glasgow, N.S., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I beg to submit my report of work done for the Department of Agriculture
for year 1904-5.
The only work I have been called on to do has been Quarantine Inspection of
Pictou cattle disease in Pictou county.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS
101
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
There have been from November 1, 1904 to October 31, 1905, forty cases, a de-
crease from last year of forty-one in the county.
I think the following will explain to some extent the great falling off in the
number of diseased animals.
The conditions in the province for the past year and a half have been exceptional,
and the circumstances were such that practically placed the whole county in a feeding
experiment.
First. — In 1904 there was a very great shortage in feeding stuff, hay, straw, &c.
Second. — On account of this, farmers rapidly disposed of a large number of their
^•attle naturally retaining when possible the strongest and most thrifty to carry through
.the winter, and would also lessen the number of head in the districts.
Third.— Large quantities of hay was imported from Quebec, which I have no
doubt (in most cases) was better and more nutritious than that raised on the home
farm where disease is found.
Fourth. — There would certainly be no Senecio Jacobea or Stinking Willie which
I believe is an exciting, or predisposing cause, if not the direct one of the disease.
TUBERCULOSIS.
I have met a few cases that have been suspected as Pictou county disease. In
all cases where I thought advisable to have animals destroyed the owner has done so
cheerfully although with no indemnity in sight.
ANTHRAX.
This has been the one little spot in the nature of work performed by me this year
that has been out of the ordinary.
Mr. John McLean, of Greenwood, Pictou county, came to me to see a two-year
old bull that had died an hour previous, and said that he had lost a cow a week before
under similar circumstances, and suspected Pictou county disease.
The bull had been stabled the night before apparently healthy, in the morning
was dead, lying on his sternum quite natural, as if there had been no death struggle.
There was a bloody, frothy discharge from nostrils. On opening up abdomen large
quantities of serum escaped also tinged with blood, spleen very much enlarged and
full of dark clotted blood, in fact there were hemorrhages in nearly all the organs.
The cow had been lost a day, and when found was lying down on sternum. No marks
of struggling were present, with the same bloody frothy discharge from nostrils. Those
were the first two animals that have died on the farm for thirty years from any cause.
Never had black leg.
I had animal burned and buried and stable, &c., cleansed and disinfected with
carbolic solution and whitewash.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
GEORGE TOWNSEND,
Inspector.
102 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
E. C. THURSTON, D.V.S.
Sydney, C.B., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I beg the honour to report that since my appointment of inspector here last
June, no live stock has been imported through this port, nor has there been any out-
break of contagious disease in the district.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, E. C. THURSTON,
Ottawa. Inspector.
V. T. DAUBIGNY, M.V.
Terrebonne, Que., October 31, 1905.
Monsieur, — Pendant I'annee expirant le 31 octobre 1905, je n'ai fait aucune ins-
pection. Sauf une, cependant, a Montreal, pour un cas de glanders suppose.
J'ai visite a plusieurs reprises, la partie est de Montreal et n'ai decouvert rien
relativement aux maladies contagieuses.
En dehors de cela, j'ai donne des conferences dans diverces localites sur les glan-
ders, gale, charbon, etc., etc.
Get ete il ya eu des cas de charbon dans quelques endroits du nord de la province
Q€ Quebec.
Quant aux conferences, elles plaisent aux cultivateurs, qui comprennent bien
ce qu'ils doivent faire en de pareils cas et apres I'explication de la loi sur les maladies
contagieuses on ne m'a pas fait de remarques d'hostilite, ce qui est de bon augure.
J'ai bien I'honneur d'etre,
Monsieur le direct€ur,
Votre tres devoue serviteur,
Directeur Veterinaire General, V. T. DAUBIGNY,
Ottawa. Inspecteur.
J. D. WHYTE, D.V.S.
Sherbrooke, Que., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you this my annual report for the year end-
ing October 31, 1905.
GLANDERS.
Total number of horses tested during the year, 101, of which 1 was tested twice,
2 were tested three times, they becoming ceased reactors, the two previous tests being
made in the year 1904. Total number destroyed, 47.
mange.
Acting on instructions, I visited Chicoutimi, Que., to investigate the nature of
an outbreak of a skin disease affecting horses in that district, which proved to be
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 103
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
mange, which was quite prevalent in. that locality. Dr. T. K. Duchene, of Chicoutinu,
being appointed to take charge of this outbreak.
I also had three other cases, two at St. Ours, Que., and one at St. Denis, Que.,
one of the cases at St. Ours still being in quarantine.
SUSPECTED ANTHRAX.
I visited the parish of Yamaska, Que., August 31 to investigate a supposed out-
break of anthrax, fifteen cows having died suddenly in that locality, all carcasses
having been disposed of, and the symptoms described by the people were such that a
satisfactory diagnosis could not be arrived at; advised cleansing and disinfection.
I also visited La Baie du Febvre, Que., September 4, to investigate a supposed
outbreak of anthrax, fifteen animals having died suddenly. As there were not any
animals sick during my visit, and those that had died were deeply buried, I could not
fully determine the nature of the disease. I requested Dr. Lahaye, of Nicolet, if any
more died to forward specimens of the blood to the biological laboratory, Ottawa,
which he did, and the result of the investigation was negative as to anthrax. I ad-
vised cleansing and disinfection, and either burning the bodies or burying them in
lime.
TETANUS.
Acting on instructions, I visited the premises of Luther Fuller, of Bolton town-
ship, Quebec, who had two cows die in what appeared to him to be a pecuHar manner,
but upon investigation the symptoms presented were those of tetanus. Had the pre-
mises cleansed and disinfected.
SUSPECTED HiEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEAMIA.
I visited South Durham, Que., to investigate a supposed outbreak of hsemorrhagic
seplicaemia, three cows having died suddenly in a pasture in which for the three pre-
ceding years animals have died in somewhat the same manner, at a post mortem the
lesions found not being characteristic, I forwarded specimens to the biological labor-
atory, Ottawa, the results of which were negative.
TUBERCULOSIS.
I have tested, assisted by Dr. Etienne, one lot of 93 head of cattle for South
Africa, of which 3 reacted.
Have tested 9 head of pure-bred cattle for export to the United States, 5 head re-
acting.
Also have tested 4 head pure-bred cattle imported from the United States, not
any reacting.
Cattle tested not for export, 103 head, 23 head reacting, all reacting cattle being
ear-marked.
Making a total of 209 head tested.
The following is the number of animals imported from the United States at this
port : — '
Cattle 24
Sheep 1
Goats 4
Swine (for breeding purposes) 5
" (for immediate slaughter) 174
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, J. D. WBTTTE,
Ottawa. Inspector.
104 DEPARTMENT OF AQRICVLTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
A. A. ETIENNE, M.V.
October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report from December 1, 1904, to October
31, 1905.
During that time I have inspected 48 premises and tested with mallein 78 horses,
out of this number 50 responded to the test and were destroyed, 24 giving clinical
symptoms and the remaining 26 did not. The owners of 39 of these horses have
received compensation. Out of the 78 tested with mallein 20 horses did not react,
6 horses have ceased to react, 23 horses were tested the second time, and 11 were
tested the third time.
On July 12 I was requested to visit St. Canute and examine several horses in that
town, and in Ste. As^the des Monts that were reported as having mange.
I found four horses owned by one man in St. Canute and one in Ste. Agathe that
had mange. They were quarantined, treated and cured.
On the 7th of September I received orders to visit St. Jerome and make an inves-
tigation on seven farms where several cows had died, showing symptoms of anthrax;
r.o action was taken, not being able to make closer examinations, for the animals had
leen buried for several days. One person in St. Agathe was prosecuted and fined for
disposing of a quarantined horse.
I went to Shawinigan Falls and inspected premises where verminous bronchitis
in hogs had existed for some time, which caused the deaths of over one hundred hogs,
October 27 I went to St. Thomas de Pierreville and La Baie du Fevre and made
a thorough investigation as tg the existence of sheep scab. I am pleased to report
that this disease has been eradicated several years ago when all the sheep were dipped.
While in La Baie du Febvre I was called to make a post mortem examination on a
heifer that died of a very peculiar disease, on this farm 7 cows, 2 horses and 4 hogs
having died, all giving the same symptoms.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant, '
A. A. ETIENNE,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
THOS R. DUCHENE, V.S.
Chicoutimi, Que., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my report for the year erding October
31, 1905, having started to work on the 15th of May last.
MA^fOB.
An outbreak of mange in horses in the county of Chicoutimi and Lake St. John
came under my supervision, in which eighty-two farms were inspected, cne hundred
and forty-two horses were involved and placed under quarantine, of which there is only
eleven to be relieved now and all recovered after proper treatment. The disease seeins
to be under control down here in Chicoutimi, but not in the Lake St. John district.
GLANDERS.
During the year I have tested in the county of Chicoutimi twenty horses with mal-
lein, seven of which reacted and were destroyed and buried.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 105
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
In October last, I went down in the county of Saguenay upon special instructions,
and there I have tested with mallein sixteen horses, five of which reacted end were
by me marked E.K., five others were killed vpon clinical symptoms.
In the Chicoutimi county I found that the most of the outbreaks can be traced
to horses traded in the county of Saguenay and brought here by shantymen.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, THOS. E. DUCHENE,
Ottawa. Inspector.
J. D. DUCHENE, D.V.fe.
Quebec, October 31, 190.5.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my report for the year ending October
31st, 1905.
GLAKDERS.
During the year, I have tested 245 horses with mallein, 153 of which have lea.ted,
115 have been destroyed, 35 are quarantined under form No. 48, and 3 ceased reacting.
Out of these which ceased reacting, 2 ceased at the third injection and the ether at
the sixth injection.
In my inspections throughout the province of Quebec, east of Montreal, I found
some isolated cases of glanders, but on the north shore of the St. Lawrence river, I
have inspected with Doctor A. E. Moore, an outbreak of glanders existing erst of th<3
Saguenay river from Kiver Ste. Marguerite to Eiver Portneuf, on a distance of about
85 miles.
This outbreak of glanders is said to have originated some 4 years ago when gypsies
traded some infected horse with a farmer of the district.
Since that date infected horses belonging to farmers or to lumber companies
specially in lumber camps have been in direct contact with sound ones and no one
seemed to know the gravity of this malignant disease, and took no precautions what-
MANGE IN HORSES.
During the year an outbreak of mange in horses has been spread in the counties
of Beauce and Dorches'er. I have visited 33 farms and quarantined 49 horses which
have been treated, of which 44 are cured and 5 under treatmc- 1.
SHEEP SCAB.
I have visited 28 farms at»La Bale du Febvre, and examined 145 sheep. 65 were
found to be affected and were treated by the dipping process and cured.
No case of hog cholera has been reported to me during the past year.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
JOHN D. LUCHENE,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
106 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
J. 0. GUY, D.V.S.
St. Johns, Que., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my brief report from May 1 to October
31, 1905.
For import —
Cattle (Holsteins) 2
For export —
Cattle 2
Sheep 6
N.B. — Inspected at port St. Johns for export to the United States for exhibition
purposes : —
Cattle (Short-horns) 13
Sheep 21
All animals inspected at the port of entry have been free from disease.
I have notified the Department of Agriculture of the outbreak of a few cases of
glanders which have occurred : at Napierville, 5 ; St. Alexandre, 1 ; Stanbridge Sta-
tion, 1. These have been attended to by the inspector. Dr. Etienne, and reported to
the department.
The infection of glanders was brought from the United States by the exchange
of horses between gypsies and our farmers.
I have the satisfaction to state that there are no other signs of epizootic or en-
zootic diseases in my district to my knowledge.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, J. 0. GUY,
Ottawa. Inspector.
A. McCOKMICK, V.S.
Obmstown, Que., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you the following report of work done for
the year ending October 31, 1905 : —
I gave health certificates for the following animals from this district for exporta-
tion into the United States :
November 22, 1904 — One registered lamb.
September 11, 1905 — Thirty-seven head of cattle for exhibition purposes.
October 2, 1905 — One registered lamb.
October 2, 1905 — Ten head of cattle, grazers.
October 16, 1905 — Twenty head of cattle, grazers.
October 17, 1905 — Two registered Ayrshire calves.
I am glad to report that there has been no outbreak of any contagious disease,
and that the health of animals in this district has generally been good.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, AECH. McCORMICK,
Ottawa. Inspector.
HEALTH OF A:tfIMAL8 107
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
A. SMITH, F.K.C.V.S.
Toronto, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following brief report on the health of the
domestic animals in the Province of Ontario, during the past year.
HORSES.
Have been generally healthy. A few cases of glanders have been discovered
and reported to your department and promptly stamped out by the inspectors.
CATTLE.
Have been quite healthy. Tuberculosis no doubt exists to a slight extent, but
certainly not to the extent it does in Great Britain.
SHEEP.
Have ako been healthy, with exception of a few cases of scab, which has been
quickly dealt with.
SA\TKE.
Hog cholera and swine plague exists to a very limited ext-ent owing to the efficient
measures taken by the various inspectors.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, ANDREW SMITH.
Ottawa.
WM. STUBBS, V.S.
Caledox/ October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my annual report for the year ending
October 31, 1905.
During the year I have tested with tuberculin one hundred and forty-seven head
of pure bred cattle for export to the United States, twelve of which reacted.
I have tested for glanders with mallein nineteen horses owned by six different
owners, eight of which reacted to the test and were destroyed. All the buildings and
premises which I had placed under quarantine are now released.
June 27 I visited Southampton, Bruce County, where it was reported that a
number of cattle died suddenly under peculiar circumstances. After careful examina-
tion I found the disease to be of a non-contagious character, and due to improper
care and feeding.
August 30, I assisted Dr. A. E. Moore to examine all the show sheep at Toronto
Exhibition and found them free from scab and all other diseases.
During the year, in the absence of Dr. Stork from the Toronto market, I in-
variably visited that market, also the Union Stock market at Toronto Junction and
found the stock remarkably free from disease. During my presence at the markets I
looked after the cleaning and disinfecting of cars that came listed from quarantined
districts.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, WILLIAM STUBBS,
Ottawa. Inspector.
108 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
J. H. TENNENT, V.S.
London, October 31, 1905,
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you this, my annual report for the year end-
ing October 31, 1905.
TUBERCULOSIS.
During the year I have tested with tuberculin 61 head of pure bred cattle for
export.
For shipment to United States 52
For shipmnt to Japan 9
Five of the above animals were found to be diseased, and were duly reported and
ear-marked.
SHEEP SCAB.
Number of farms quarantined 71
Number of flocks affected with sheep scab 41
Number of flocks in contact with diseased sheep 30
Tlie sheep en the above "quaiantined farms have been twice dipped in lime and
sulphur dip.
I superintended the first and second dipping of the sheep on 29 farms and have
since inspected them, all of which appeared to be free from sheep scab.
It was reported to the departaent that skeep shipped from Owen Sound, and
Chatsworth, to Toronto market, also from Oil Springs, and Brigden to Buffalo, were
affected with sheep scab.
Acting on instructions I visited, and inspected the sheep on 24 farms in the
neighbourhood of Owen Sound, 30 faims in the neighbourhood of Chatsworth and
99 farms in neighbourhood of Oil Springs and Brigden, and found no sheep in the
above districts affected with sheep scab.
GLANDERS.
During the year I have made 37 tests with mallein.
Number of horses tes'ed 1st time 21
" " 2nd " 16
Five of the above horses reacted to the first test and also showed clinical symptoms
of glanders and were destroyed; the remaining 16 horses which h:.d been in contact
with the diseased five horses did not react to the second test, nor show clinical symp-
toms of glanders and were released.
Acting under instructions I visited and examined the horses that had been ex-
posed to glanders on 33 farms, none of which showed clinical symptoms of the disease,
consequently I did not submit them to the mallein test.
BABIES.
One dog showing symptoms of rabies was taken to the Pasteur Institute, New
York, for examination, and was pronounced to be suffering from rabies.
Nineteen dogs were quarantined, 12 of which were suspected of having been in con-
tact with the rabid dog; the remaining 7 had bitten persons and were quarantined on
suspicion. After being kept in quarantine the required time, and rabies not develop-
ing among them, all were released.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 109
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a ^
CLEANING AND DISINFECTING CARS.
I superintendej the cleaning and disinfecting of 77 cars which cari-ied live hogs
from the quarantined district.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, J. H. TENNEXT,
Ottawa. Inspector,
W. W. STOEK, V.S.
Toronto, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report as inspector stationed at
Toronto. During the year just past my time has been occupied inspecting stock at
the different markets in and around Toronto, supervising the cleansing and disin-
fecting of cars at different points, and investigating reported outbreaks of contagious
disease in various parts of Ontario.
I have made periodical visits to the camps of the different railway construction
companies where large numbers of mules and horses are employed in railway work,
have been present at all large horse sales in Toronto and have inspected the horses and
mules belonging to the different travelling circuses which, during the summer months,
visited Toronto.
In the month of May, in company with Dr. James, of Ottawa, I tested a con-
signment of dairy cattle for export to South Africa. Also tested, within the last
year, fifty-two pure bred cattle for export to the United States.
The following is a synopsis of the various investigations and outbreaks of con-
tagious disease dealt with by me during the period covered by this report :
ANTHRAX.
During the month of August an outbreak of anthrax occurred in the vicinity of
Collingwood, Ont., where on one farm within a few days three cows, two pigs and one
sheep died, showing symptoms strongly indicative of this disease.
The owner of these animals, while removing the hide from the first animal to suc-
cumb, unfortunately became inoculated and died in a short time.
Prompt measures in the way of quarantining and disinfecting were immediately
enforced with the result that the disease was checked without further fatalities.
GLANDERS.
During the year I have made twenty-two investigations where suspected glanders
has been reported, testing with mallein in all forty-seven horses, twenty-two of which
1 had destroyed as being diseased.
The localities in which the disease appeared, the number tested and the number
c'estroyed in each locality is as follows : —
Tested. Destroyed.
County of Addington 1 1
" Grey 5 4
" Hastings 8 4
" Huron .• 14 5
" Lennox 4 2
" Oxford 2 1
" Waterloo 1 1
" Wellington 9 2
" York (Toronto) 3 ' 2
no DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Wherever the presence of the disease was established strict enforcement of regula-
tion regarding quarantine and disinfection of premises was carried out, and where-
cver it could be established that a diseased animal had lately changed ownership, the
premises formerly occupied by the diseased animal were visited, quarantined and
disinfected, and all horses that I could trace as having been in direct contact with the
diseased animal were submitted to the mallein test.
SUSPECTED RABIES.
During the latter part of June I visited the city of London, Ontario, and in com-
pany with Dr. Tennent, of that city, spent some ten days in closely watching develop-
ments in what was currently reported to be a case of rabies.
The facts were that a child was bitten by a pet dog that had been observed acting
strangely.
The child's father, who is a medical practitioner, residing in London, immediately
took both child and dog to a New York institute and shortly after their arrival there
£> report was wired to the London Board of Health that the dog died of 'paralytic
rabies.' Close inspection of all dogs in immediate vicinity of where the suspected
animal had been at large failed to reveal anything abnormal in any of the canines,
and although a close watch was maintained for some time, the reported case was the
only one observed.
HOG CHOLERA.
During the past year there has been a marked falling off of reported cases of hog
cholera, due no doubt to the rigid enforcement of regulations regarding shipment
from suspected areas. Any investigations I have made of reported sickness in hogs
have turned out to be minor ailments due either to injudicious feeding or unsanitary
surroundings.
SHEEP SCAB.
During the year two separate consignments of sheep appeared in Toronto market
showing the disease. These animals were promptly quarantined and slaughtered
under inspection. The -pens occupied by them and the cars in which they arrived
were held in quarantine and disinfected and all precaution taken against further
s-preading of the trouble.
I visited several quarantined farms during the summer and supervised the dip-
ping of sheep, using the lime and .sulphur dip as prescribed by the department.
MANGE.
One case of mange in a horse appeared in Toronto, the animal was isolated and
successfully treated.
I have also visited Parry Sound district where disease in cattle was reported
and found upon investigation the trouble was confined to a few calves that died of
black quarter. There being no veterinarian practising in the locality, I had the
owner procure from the department some blacklegine, the remaining calves were vacci-
nated and the trouble disappeared.
During my absence from Toronto on various investigations, Dr. Orchard, of
Windsor, or Dr. Stubbs, of Caledon, have attended inspection duties at the different
markets and I might say in this connection that within the past year the duties of
inspection of these markets has become systematized, especially the supervising of
disinfection of stock cars, and should by any chance^ as occasionally happens, a car
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 111
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
be removed without being attended to, no pains are spared in having this car locate-5,
brought back and cleaned to the satisfaction of the acting inspector.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
W. W. STORK,
Inspector.
The "Veterinary Director General.
Ottawa.
M. B. PERDUE, V.S.
Chatham, Ont., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ending October
31. 1905.
HOG CHOLERA.
During the year there have been forty-five outbreaks of hog cholera, involving
the slaughter of 1,032 hogs, which have been dealt with by myself and Drs. Orchard
and Philips.
With one or two exceptions the outbreaks this year all occurred in the counties of
Essex and Kent. One exception which should, perhaps, be noted, occurred at Grimsby,
in Lincoln county. The Grand Trunk railroad tracks cross this farm and the only
way of accounting for the appearance of the disease in that locality is that it may have
been carried by shipments of foreign hogs passed through Canada and spread by
droppings from the cars. This line of railroad is a direct line from Detroit to Buffalo.
The forty-five outbreaks of hog cholera during the past year is considerably less
than one half the. number during the previous year when there were 105 outbreaks and
the number of hogs slaughtered this year, 1,032, is only a little more than one-third
the number slaughtered last year, when 3,011 hogs were killed. During the year
ending October 31, 1903, there were 207 outbreaks and 6,543 hogs killed. This is
more than four times the number of outbreaks this year and more than six times as
many hogs slaughtered. I submit that this shows a decided improvement in the situa-
tion as regards hog cholera and demonstrates, beyond question, the efficacy of the
measures adopted by the department for the stamping out of the disease. When out-
breaks have made necessary the quarantining of individual farms, I have this year
generally found a prompt and cheerful compliance with the regulations in regard to
cleansing and disinfecting, and there have rarely been second outbreaks where hogs
were again kept after the raising of the quarantine. This is one of the most important
and encouraging features of the improved conditions throughout the district. It is
this co-operation of the farmers that makes the work of the inspectors effective.
At the beginning of the fiscal year, certain townships in Essex and Kent counties
and the Island of Walpole in Lambton county were under quarantine. As conditions
improved throughout this district there were many complaints that this worked an
unnecessary hardship on both farmers and shippers and on May 15 last, the quaran-
tine was raised and new regulations substituted, providing for the inspection of all
shipments of hogs from the entire district in which hog cholera had existed.
Under these new regulations, there have been shipped from this district 671 ears,
containing 67.950 hogs, all of which have been carefully ii:ispected before entering
the cars. In all cases duplicate certificates of health are sent to inspectors at the point
112 DEPARTME-ST OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
of destination, where the cleansing and disinfection of the cars are superintended
and certified to by them.
There are more than forty shipping points in the district and as all shipments
must be reported forty-eight hours before being made, it will be apparent that not
only do the actual inspections require considerable time, but also that it involves
considerable time at headquarters receiving report from the differeiit shippers and
providing that the inspections be made without delay.
During the year I have made several trips of general inspection throughout the
district, and am pleased to report that no case of attempted concealment of disease
has come under my notice. Heretofore there has always been more or less conceal-
ment of the disease, but this year practically every case has been reported directly
from the farmer. I have also visited a number of the fall fairs in the counties of
Essex and Kent, where I have had an opportunity to meet and converse with the
farmers and to see the different classes of stock.
GLANDERS.
In the vicinity of Amherstburg in Essex county. I tested two horses with mal-
lein and found a reaction. They were afterwards again tested by Dr. Moore, who
also found a reaction and had the animals destroyed.
SHEEP SCAB.
During an investigation in the vicinity of Watford and Inwood, in company
with Doctors Mooije and Tennent, four outbreaks of sheep scab and one suspect came
under my notice during the year. These cases were afterwards dealt with by Dr.
Tennent.
TUBERCULAR TEST.
During the year I tested two head of cattle for export, neither of which showed
a reaction.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
M. B. PERDUE,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
G. W. HIGGINSON, V.S.
EocKLAND, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my report ending the year October 31,
1905.
TUBERCULOSIS.
During the year I have submitted to the tuberculin test, 390 head of cattle, 146
of which were for export, 14 of which reacted, 244 others were private tested, 16 of
which reacted.
\
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 113
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
GLAXDERS.
During the year I have tested 158 horses with mallein, 37 of which reacted and
were destroyed. Eight of these I tested three times and got a reaction at every test,
three I tested twice and got a reaction in each case. Eight I destroyed on clinical
symptoms.
MANGE.
An outbreak of mange in horses in. the county of Labelle, eighteen horses were
placed in quarantine and proper treatment recommended. An outbreak also occurred
in the county of Glengarry in the vicinity of Glen Robertson and Alexandria where
nine farms were placed under quarantine, thirteen horses in all. All of which with
the exception of two made a speedy recovery. Also had four horses under quarantine
in the county of Prescott for mange.
ANTHRAX.
Erom your instructions I visited Oka on the Eiver Ottawa to investigate into
an outbreak of disease among cattle that were grazing on a commons just outside of
the village, some twenty-one having died previous to my visit. In a great many in-
fstances there had been just a little earth thrown over the carcase, no precaution
being taken to prevent the spread of the disease. I had all the carcasses exhumed
and properly destroyed by burning them and had the grass around where they were
previously buried covered by slack lime and recommended that the rest of the cattle
grazing on the said commons be vaccinated. One man who had owned one of the
cows that had died became inoculated by some means and died within a week's time,
and the doctors diagnosed his case as anthrax.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
G. W. HIGGINSON,
Inspector.
G. W. ORCHARD, V.S.
Windsor, October 31, 1905.
Sm, — I beg leave to submit below my report for the year ending October 31, 1905.
My work was confined to the counties of Essex and Kent, during the months of
November and December, 1904, and January, 1905, and during that time I inspected
thirty-eight cars containing 3,614 live hogs, consigned from the guaranteed area, to
various packing houses for immediate slaughter. I dealt with twenty-two cases of
hog cholera involving the slaughter of 539 diseased and contact hogs, for which
$2,071.96 was allowed as compensation to the owners.
During the above-mentioned period, I visited Amherstburg and inspected 240
sheep brought by "Walter Pabst, a settler from Montana, and found them all healthy.
I also visited several farms under quarantine and on those that had been thor- ■
oughly cleansed and disinfected J recommended their release from quarantine. Dur-
ing the year I tested with mallein five horses, two reacted and were destroyed; com-
pensation allowed, $123.33.
On February 8th, I went to Toronto and relieved W. W. Stork, V.S., insi>ector of
ftock at the markets, and examined during Eebruary, 2,212 sheep and lambs. Although
15a — 8
114 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
scab in sheep, was somewhat prevalent in different sections of Ontario, I only found
one shipment affected with scab while I was there, this lot was immediately quar-
antined and the next day slaughtered, and the pens in which they were placed thor-
oughly disinfected.
After Dr. Stork's return to his work at Toronto, I visited the Niagara frontier,
and endeavoured to better conditions at Fort Erie and Bridgeburg, at which point a
great deal of stock from Ontario as well as stock in transit from the United States
enters Buffalo for market or feeding. The months of April, May and June and some
of July was spent by me principally at Buffalo, with trips along the frontier during
the spare days keeping a close watch on the transit trade going through Ontario.
While at Buffalo, I inspected for shipment to Ontario and Quebec: —
Cars 211
Number of hogs 31,787
I was relieved from the above work in July, by M. Philps, V.S., who has since
been moved to Bridgeburg, and I returned to Windsor and superintended the erection
of a quarantine barn at this port, a building which was much needed, as a great deal
of stock, generally in small lots, is brought in by way of Windsor.
On August 16, I started on a tour of inspection of stations north and west, call-
ing at North Bay, White River, Schreiber, Port Arthur and Winnipeg, and returning
by the Rainy River district, stopping off at Rainy River, Emo and Fort Frances, a
detailed report of" my trip was furnished the department at the time.
Late in the summer permission was granted to inspect transit stock at this point
at night, and I superintended the erection of proper lighting stands at the M. C. R.
and Grand Trunk Railway yards. Owing to the necessity of taking care of our large
export trade in sheep and lambs to Buffalo the department issued a regulation that
all sheep must be unloaded and certified to at Bridgeburg, which necessitated the
erection of proper sheds by the G. T. Railway for inspection purposes, these were
erected and fit for use early in September, the sheds previously erected by the M.C.R.
being used for stock coming over the M.C.R. and the Canadian Pacific Railway,
following out your instruction. I have given Mr. Philps, V.S., inspector in charge
of Bridgeburg, needed assistance at various times, and I am pleased to report that up
10 the present time there have been no sheep detained, all being free from disease.
Owing, greatly to the stringent regulations issued in April last, compelling hog cars
to be equipped with close-fitting doors and ten-inch foot boards and not allowing hogs
to be shipped in dirty cars, or to be douched while ' in transit ' through Canada, and
which regulations have been rigidly enforced by the inspector in charge at Windsor,
the tone of this trade has improved greatly, and by lessening the chances of bringing
disease into the country, will greatly facilitate the work of stamping out the con-
tagious diseases which are now troubling the department.
Especial care has been devoted to cleansing and disinfection of stock cars used
in conveying hogs from United States markets to packing factories in Canada, and
those cars used in carrying stock from infected districts to packing houses.
At the beginning of the summer a great deal of dissatisfaction was expressed by
some shippers where the different regulations were enforced, but I am pleased to state
that most of them are now well pleased to obey the regulations in every particular.
In concluding my annual report, I may state that my observations this year have
shown me the great results derived by your department from the measures used in
preventing the spread of disease. The benefits of careful guarding of the transit
trade in hogs, the rigid enforcement of the dipping regulations, and the cleansing and
disinfecting of premises, on which diseased animals were found, are now very
apparent.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, GEO. W. ORCHARD,
Ottawa. Ont. Inspector.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 115
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
AETHUR BROWN, V.S.
Sarnia, October 31, 1905.
SiR^ — ^I have the honour to submit my report of work done for the Department of
Agriculture from November 1, 1904, to October 31, 1905.
On October lY, 1904, thirty-one hogs returning from St. Louis exposition were
placed in quarantine. They consisted of two herds, thirteen and eighteen respectively.
A week later the smaller herd showed symptoms of hog cholera; on November 4, the
herd was destroyed, they having contracted the disease.
On November 22, sixteen of the other herd were slaughtered (two having died)
and a careful postmortem examination held on each hog ; ten were diseased with hog
cholera and six were apparently healthy, although in contact. I may state that the
owners of these hogs considered it a hardship and quite unnecessary to be detained
in quarantine, but you insisted and had it not been for this good judgment the coun-
try might have suffered a heavy loss as both these firms ship hogs to all parts of
Canada.
The domesticated animals in this locality are generally healthy, there being no
contagious diseases among them with the exception of a few cases of tuberculosis and
actinomycosis.
The following animals have been inspected by me during the past year: —
For Import —
Horses 247
Cattle Y6
Sheep 221
Hogs. . , 1,222
For Export — •
Sheep 2
Swine 2
Since April 1, I have examined 1,318 cars containing hogs crossing at this port
from the United States, most of them going through Ontario to Buffalo, U.S., in bond.
I found it necessary to return 35, they not being in a proper condition to proceed to
their destination.
T have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
ARTHUR BROWN,
The Veterinary Director Genera^ Inspector.
Ottawa.
M. PHILPS, M.D., V.S.
Bridgeburg, Ont., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my annual report for the year ending
October 31, 1905.
During the first eight months of the year my work was principally in the quar-
antined area in the counties of Kent and Essex, and consisted of dealing with out-
breaks of hog cholera inspections of shipments of live hogs and visiting farms already
under quarantine to see that the cleansing and disinfecting regulations had been
satisfactorily carried out.
15a— 84
116 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
From November 1, 1904, to June 27, 1905, I dealt with nine cases of hog cholera
involving the slaughter of 187 hogs, for which the department paid the sum of
$808.32. I inspected at the various shipping points in the quarantined district ninety-
seven cars containing 9,667 live hogs consigned to the packing houses mostly at Lon-
don, Hamilton and Toronto.
I visited thirty-three farms previously placed under quarantine and found that
the cleansing and disinfecting regulations had been faithfully carried out and I
accordingly forwarded recommendations for their release to the department.
On June 27, I received instructions from you to proceed to Buffalo, N.Y., to
relieve Dr. Orchard. My work in Buffalo consisted of the inspection of live hogs
imported by the different Canadian packing houses. Up to the present date I have
inspected seventy-six cars containing 10,260 live fat hogs imported by the packing
houses of Ingersoll, Toronto, Hamilton, London, Peterborough and Hull, Que. On
August 25, I was instructed to make my headquarters at Bridgeburg, Ont., where I
have inspected the sheep exported to the States. So far there have been 47,707 sheep
exported from this point, and sixty-seven horses were imported.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, M. PHILPS,
Ottawa, Ont. Inspector.
F. A. JONES, V.S.
Windsor^ Ont., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of stock inspected at the Windsor
quarantine station during the year ending October 31, 1905.
Hog cholera came under my notice on several occasions which I reported to Drs.
Orchard or Perdue, who acted promptly and there was no further spread of the
disease.
In addition to my duties as quarantine inspector, I have inspected at the M.C.R.
Stock Yards, Detroit, 4,318 hogs consigned to the Ingersoll Packing Company of
Ingersoll, Ont. They were shipped in thirty-three cars.
The following is a statement of animals received into quarantine, also stock re-
quiring inspection : —
For Expont —
Cattle 28
Sheep 1
Swine 17
For Imz>ort —
Horses 101
Mules 44
Cattle 57
Swine 17
Sheep 21
Goats 1
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, F. A. JONES,
Ottawa. Inspector.
HEALTH OF AXIMALS 117
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
J. KIME, Jr., V.S.
Chatham, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you a report of the work done by me during
the past year, from November 1, 1904 to October 31, 1905.
During the year I have inspected forty-four car-loads of hogs for shipment, the
total number of hogs being 4,064.
No hogs have been slaughtered this year by me, all reports of outbreaks being
reported to M. B. Perdue, the officer in control in this district.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
JOSEPH KIME, Jr.,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
J. E. THOENE, V.S.
Wallacebubg, Ont., October 31, 1905.
Sm, — I beg to submit my annual report for the year ended October 31, 1905, as
follows : —
It pleases me to inform you that very little contagious disease in animals has
existed in this district during the past year.
HOG cholera.
Only two cases of hog cholera have been reported to me in this district in the
past twelve months, each of these being in the Gore of Chatham in the county of
Kent.
Fifty-two shipments comprising 6,072 fat hogs have been made under my in-
spection during the past year from this district, direct to the packing houses for
immediate slaughter.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
J. E. THOENE,
Inspector,
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa, Ont.
W. B. EOWE.
Bleinheim, October 31, 1905.
Sm, — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report ending October 31,
1905.
During the past year, my work for the department has been principally inspect-
ing hogs for shipment. I have inspected seventy-nine cars containing 6,232 fat hogs
118 DEPARTMENT OF AOBICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
for immediate slaughter and consigned to various packing houses. I also visited
several farms under quarantine to see if they have been cleansed and disinfected in a
satisfactory manner.
Acting under instructions I visited a farm in South Colchester, as it was re-
ported that they had some disease amongst their hogs, but it proved to be nothing but
a form of stomach trouble, caused by improper food.
I hereby state that no other disease of a contagious nature has came under my
notice during the past year.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, W. B. EOWE,
Ottawa, Ont. Inspector.
G. H. BELAIEE, V.S.
Pembroke^ October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to present my annual report for the year ending October
31, 1905.
GLANDERS.
During that period I have made forty-six tests with mallein; the horses were all
in small lots being in sixteen different places: —
Horses tested first time 46
" second time 4
Ceased reactors 4
Eight horses showing clinical symptoms of glanders and which reacted to the
mallein test were destroyed.
Two horses showing well marked clinical symptoms were destroyed without the
application of the test.
Four horses which reacted to the mallein test, but showing no clinical symptoms
were destroyed, making in all fourteen horses destroyed.
Nine of these horses were destroyed under the new compensation clause which
came in force on March 25, 1905, the owners receiving compensation for these horses.
The present system of dealing with glanders, under the new regulations, is a
long forward step in the right direction and has proven very satisfactory to the pub-
lic in general. The compensation paid by the government is, no doubt, instrumental
in bringing out new centres of infection previously unsuspected.
MANGE IN HORSES.
Five cases of mange in horses came under my notice; they were in three different
places. I immediately quarantined them, ordered treatment of the horses and thorough
disinfection of the premises. These places were recommended for release when I
was satisfied that mange no longer existed therein and that the premises were
thoroughly cleansed and disinfected.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, GEO. H. BELAIRE,
Ottawa, Ont. Inspector.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 119
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
D. HENDERSON, V.S.
Glencoe, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my annual report for the year ending
October 31, 1905.
During the year I superintended the dipping in lime and sulphur dip of 1,488
sheep, all of which were dipped the second time at intervals of from ten to twelve
days from the first dipping. The above dip proved an excellent one, no bad results
following in any case.
I inspected 186 sheep at different stations for immediate slaughter under the de-
partmental order of March 23, 1905.
I issued thirteen health certificates for eighty-five sheep being exported to the
'United States.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
D. HENDERSON,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
A. E. JAMES, Y.S.
Ottawa, October 31, 1905.
Sm^ — I have the honour to submit herewith, my annual report for the year ending
October 31, 1905.
Glanders —
One clinical case — destroyed.
TUBERCULOSIS.
Tested with tuberculin for Gunn & Sinclair for export to South Africa, 109
head milch cows (grade.) Reactions, 3.
51 head grade for Department of Agriculture for export to South Africa.
Reactions, 0.
3 Head pure bred Ayrshire heifers for export to Japan. Reactions, 0.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
A. E. JAMES,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
J. B. HOLLTNGSWORTH, DY.S.
Ottawa, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report from the date of my appointment,
July 1, 1905 to October 30, 1905. I have tested six horses on four different farms, two
120 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
(»1 these reacted and -were destroyed. I also destroyed one horse without testing
which showed clinical symptoms of the disease. Ill addition I have inspected five
quarantined farms and found that the cleansing and disinfecting orders have been
satisfactorily carried out.
I have also inspected horses and premises where mange did exist and found
animals successfully treated and no new cases of mange.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, J. B. HOLLINGSWORTH,
Ottawa. Inspector.
W. C. McGUIRE, D.V.S.
Cornwall, October 31, 1905.
Sm, — I have the honour to submit to you my report from the date of my appoint-
ment, April 25, 1905, to October 31, 1905. During the above period I have inspected
1,320 sheep for exportation to the United States, all of which I found in a healthy
condition.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, W. C. McGUIRE,
Ottawa, Ont. Inspector.
D. McALPINE, D.V.S.
Brockville, Ont., October 31, 1905.
Sir,— I have the honour to submit to you my report of the year 1905, October 31.
During the year, I examined for export, four hundred and thirty-two sheep, and
twenty-eight head of cattle. I was called to investigate two cases of suspected
glanders, but upon two injections of mallein with no reaction they were discharged.
One case of suspected hog cholera, where twenty-one hogs had died, but on investi-
gation found death was due to injudicious feeding.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, D. McALPINE,
Ottawa, Ont, Inspector.
J. M. FAWCETT, V.S.
Palmerston, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — In the month of May, I examined eleven cars and saw that they were pro-
perly cleansed and disinfected. In June there were ten; July, one; August, two.
These were all cleansed before they were used again. This is all I have done.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, J. M. FaWCETT.
Ottawa, Ont. Inspector.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 121
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
H. J. LUNDY, V.S.
Emo, Ont., October 31, 1905.
Sm, — I beg leave to submit my annual report for the year ending Octoljer 31,
1005.
I have examined eight head of cattle during the year, all of which I found free
fi'cm disease.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
H. J. LUNDY,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa, Ont.
T. E. WATSON, V.S.
Niagara Falls South, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you the following report of animals inspected
by me at this port of entry during the year ending October 31, 1905.
Horses 27
Cattle 18
Sheep 34
Hogs 17
Three of the cattle were held and subjected to the tuberculin test, none of them
reacting.
Hog cholera which we have had more or less of for several years has not made
an appearance in this district this year.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
THOS. E. WATSON.
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa. Ont.
C. D. McGILVRAY, M.D.V.
Winnipeg, October 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my report on the diseases dealt with
by me from the time of my appointment as a veterinary inspector, on February 25,
until October 31, inclusive. This period of eight months has been taken up chiefly
in dealing with outbreaks of
GLANDERS
throughout the province of Manitoba, during which time I have submitted 747 animals
to a first mallein test. Out of these 26 were retested a second time at the expiration
122 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
of 40 days from the time of the first test, 20 out of this 26 had not reacted to a first
test, and as they again proved negative to the second test, were released, the other six
had reacted either typically or atypically to the first test, and upon being submitted
to a second test with mallein, three of them gave a typical reaction and were therefore
slaughtered, the remaining three having failed to react to the second test, were again
submitted to a third mallein inoculation at the expiration of 60 days from the time
of the second test and again they proved negative to the test.
These three latter ceased reactors, i.e., they had reacted to the first test but failed
to react to the two subsequent tests conducted at intervals of 40 and 60 days respec-
tively, have not been released but are allowed to be retained by the owner for use un-
der the following restrictions contained in a license form, viz. : that they are not to
be disposed of nor allowed to come in contact with other horses, but stabled separately
and to be fed and watered in separate utensils, they are likewise not to be stabled in
any public stable or stalls and are to be kept available for inspection at any time by
an authorized veterinary inspector. In all 287 animals have been destroyed by me for
glanders, of which 284 were destroyed as results of a typical reaction to a first mal-
lein inoculation and the other three as result of reaction of both first and second
tests.
Out of the 287 slaughtered, 101 were showing more or less clinical symptoms of
the disease, thus leaving 186 contact infected animals slaughtered as result of a typi-
cal reaction to the mallein test.
RECAPITULATION.
747 animals submitted to a first mallein test.
26 animals submitted to a first and second mallein test.
3 animals submitted to a first, second and third mallein tests.
284 animals slaughtered as result of a typical reaction to a first mallein test (101
of these were showing more or less clinical symptoms of glanders).
3 animals slaughtered as result of reaction to both first and second mallein tests.
20 animals proved negative to both first and second mallein tests, therefore were
released.
3 animals reacted to a first mallein test but failed to react to second and third
tests conducted at intervals of 40 and 60 days respectively and are therefore classed
as ceased 'reactors.
A question may arise as to why should the disease be so prevalent and widespread
in this to you new territory, to this there can only be one reply, the lack heretofore
in this province of an adequate and effective policy of dealing with outbreaks of
glanders. Previous to February, 1905, at which time this province came under the
direct control of the Dominion Contagious Diseases Act, there was no provision made
for the compensation of owners for animals destroyed for glanders except wherein
provided by the rural municipalities, hence in many outbreaks of the disease the clini-
cally affected animals were the only ones dealt with. The remaining contact animals
were not in many instances subjected to the mallein test and were either overlooked
or simply held under observation for a short period awaiting developments of clinical
symptoms. As you are aware quarantining in the case of contact infected animals is
of little use except the period were an extended one of months and years instead of
weeks, as animals affected with an occult or latent glanders (pulmonary glanders) may
he to outward appearances apparently free from the disease and remain so for a con-
siderable length of time and still in the meantime be capable of infecting and thus
transmitting the disease to other healthy animals giving rise to fresh outbreaks.
Again, where the contact infected animals were subjected to the mallein test and
did react slaughter was not in all cases enforced and could not be for want of an ade-
quate compensation policy.
Hence in some cases the owners now being placed in possession of information as
a result of the mallein test giving them a knowledge as to the condition of these con-
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 123
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
tact infected animals, an information and knowledge to which they had no moral
right to and under existing conditions never should have had, they very often at a
favourable opportunity disposed of these reacting animals to some unsuspecting pur-
chaser from a distance.
It will thus be seen that prior to that time, (February, 1905), when this province
came under your control there was prevalent what might be called a migration of con-
laet infected animals from one part of the province to another, thus constituting
new areas of infection and giving rise sooner or later to fresh outbreaks of glanders.
I am satisfied, however, that the regulations and methods of dealing with out-
breaks of glanders inaugurated by you here in February, and now in force of sub-
mitting all animals affected with or suspected of being affected with glanders to the
mallein test and destroying all reactors is the best and most effective means of dealing
with and eradicating outbreaks of the disease and that with the least material sacri-
fice. This would only be obtained by means of compensation being paid to owners
lor animals destroyed. That the owners themselves realize this fact and appreciate
this material assistance rendered, viz. : Adequate compensation being paid for animals
destroyed is sustained and borne out by the number of requests received by letter
from owners whose animals have been in contact more or less with other glanderous
animals that their animals be submitted to the mallein test by authorized veterinary
inspectors, and are willing to abide by the results of the test, consenting to have the
animals which react to the test destroyed and thus eradicate from their premises
animals to which strong suspicion must always attach even if they do not in the near
future develop clinical symptoms of the disease. Another source of infection has been
the number of contact infected horses (though to outward appearances apparently
healthy horses at the time of importation), sold by dealers in the United States to
unsuspecting purchasers, bought over here and sold to parties in Manitoba upon whose
premises they sooner or later give rise to an outbreak of glanders. The class of horses
chiefly responsible for this are the unbroken range horses brought from the States of
Dakota and Montana, conclusive evidence of which I have placed in your hands from
time to time in my reports.
GLANDERS EST MAN.
One case came under observation wherein a young man, aged 22 years, contracted
glanders from a clinically affected mare on his father's premises. The deceased
became inoculated on August 20 and died on September 8, the disease lasting a period
of 18 days.
The following symptoms and stages of the course of the disease were obtained
from information received from the parents and the attending physician. Dr. Ross,
of Selkirk.
Period of incubation. — Was of two days' duration as diseased unquestionably
became inoculated on Aiigust 20 and on August 22, or two days later, he first began
to ail and complained of feeling sick and languid.
Period of premonitory illness. — Began on August 22 'when patient first began to
ail, on the 23rd appetite became impaired and patient began to complain of pains in
region of loins and hips.
Period of pronounced Ulness. — This began on August 26, on which date patient
became suddenly worse, refused all food, complained of pains in all his joints (the
articulation and synovial membrances becoming involved). On this date a physician
was called and diagnosed the case as probable typhoid fever.
Period of eruptions or nodular stage. — On September 3, or fourteen days after
time of inoculation, the first clinical objective symption appeared as a large nodule or
pimple on the forehead which was hot and painful to the touch. Two days later,
September 5, nodules were rapidly increasing in numbers and size and appeared now
simultaneously on the chest, arms and legs, and these became extremely painful as
veil as the joints affected.
124 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Pustular period and ulcerative stage. — On September 6, the nodules had devel-
oped into pustules and became ulcerous, the attending physician became suspicious
and called in another physician in consultation who diagnosed disease as glanders,
word was sent to this branch that an inspection be made of their horses. I went and
examined horses on the premises and found one aged mare showing well marked
clinical symptoms of glanders. From this date the pustules and ulcers developed very
rapidly , the nose and eyelids became ulcerated and discharged a viscid bloody dis-
charge, patient sank veiy rapidly and succumbed to the disease on September 8,
literally covered with pustules and ulcers.
MANGE OF HORSES.
Several outbreaks of mange were reported during the past summer. I inspected
eight outbreaks and quarantined on premises affected sixty-four animals in all. Of
these, forty-two have been successfully treated by the owners and being cured and
free from the disease have been released. The remaining twenty-four are still in quar-
antine under treatment and will be kept under quarantine regulations until satisfied
that they are cured and free from the disease. Owners have very readily adopted
satisfactory treatment along the lines recommended in the mange bulletin published
by the department.
SWAMP FEVER (SO-CALLED).
Several outbreaks reported as suspected glanders, have upon inspection proved to
be the disease known here as ' swamp fever.' Under this head is included all febrile
conditions of an intermittent type characterized by periodical exacerbations sooner or
later resulting in a progressive emaciation, anaemic membranes, oedematous swellings
of limbs, sheath and under abdomen, a critical polyuria, dicrotic pulse, cardiac insuffi-
ciency associated with venous regurgitation, in spite of a well maintained appetite
emaciation reaches an advanced stage, inco-ordination of movement becomes marked
especially hind extremities, the course of the disease is usually prolonged and in-
variably terminates fatally. Treatment has been unsuccessful. This disease, how-
ever, has not been so prevalent in the province during the past summer and is appar-
ently decreasing.
MALARIAL AND TYPHO-MALARLUi FEVER.
Under this head is included acute febrile conditions ushered in by a high initial
temperature, partial or complete loss of appetite, marked dullness, injection of mucous
membranes sometimes icteric (yellowness) thoracic complications with tendency to-
wards pleuratic and pericardial exudations, cardiac complications with a tendency
towards the formation of ante-mortem clot, presence of the costal groove or (heave
line), oedema of limb and sheath, inco-ordination of movement in some cases. A
cough is seldom if ever met with as a primary affection in this disease. The disease
usually runs an acute or sub-acute course, mortality is high especially where animals
are kept at work too long, it is, however, amenable to treatment and quite a large per-
centage recover if appropriate treatment is resorted to in early stages and animals are
refrained from all work until entirely recovered.
It has been quite prevalent throughout the province this summer.
INFLUENZA ; TYPHOID-INFLUEINZA, SHIPPING FEVER, ETC.
Quite a number of reported outbreaks of suspected glanders have upon inspection
proved to be nothing more or less than one of the various ' catarrhal fevers.' Under
this head is included all infectious febrile conditions associated with an affection of
Ihe respiratory tract; ushered in by a high initial temperature, congestion and swell-
ing of the eyelids and a * weeping ' from the eyes very frequently, total inappetence
HEALTH OF AyillALS 125
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
usually, cough, quickened pulse and increased respiration pulmonary and abdominal
complications sometimes occur. These diseases are quite amenable to successful treat-
ment and were very prevalent here during early summer, in fact very few large stables
were exempt or escaped having a siege of it, but mortality was low.
BLACK-LEG OR QUARTER-ILL.
Several outbreaks amongst cattle have been reported from various parts of the
province, it is, however, chiefly indigenoiis and restricted to the lands adjacent to and
in the larger lake districts (Lakes Winnipeg and Winnepegosis).
No further action was taken in these reported outbreaks otherwise than inform-
ing owners as to the nature of the disease and its prophylaxis, advising owners to re-
resort to the protective inoculation of animals by means of the blacklegine furnished
by the department at a small initial cost, the removal of animals from infected pas-
tures and disposal of the carcases of dead animals.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
C. D. McGILVRAY,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa, Ont.
F. TORRANCE, B.A., D.V.S.
Winnipeg, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the investigation of
swamp fever of horses, carried on during the past year 'by Dr. Bell and myself. Our
first case was secured in June, a sorrel mare, aged nine, showing the usual symptoms
of the disease, anaemia, emaciation, fever, &c. A blood count showed the red corpus-
cles reduced to 2,700,000, and as it was evident that she could not live, we decided to
kill her at once, and make cultures from various fluids of the body. She was killed
by intravenous injection of strychnine, June 24, and cultures made from several organs
and fluids, especially the cerebro-spinal fluid, which we were particularly desirous of
testing in consequence of the symptoms of inco-ordination so prominent in the disease.
Our cultures, however, proved sterile.
Some time elapsed before other cases could be procured, as the disease is fortuna-
tely decreasing, and cases are not nearly as numerous, as a few years ago. At length
I was able to get two cases through the kindness of Dr. Taylor, of Portage la Prairie.
One of these, however, was so far advanced, that it became exhausted by the railway
iourney, and could not reach the stable, but had to be killed and utilized for post-
mortem examination only. The other one remained under observation for some
weeks, during which frequent examinations were made of the blood, and a special
study of the foeces was made. The object of this was to discover whether any special
organisms were present in the intestinal tract, and if so to determine their relation-
ship to the disease. Only the ordinary fauna of the intestine were found. We were
disappointed with this result, as Dr. Bell thinks the disease is probably caused by auto-
intoxication from the intestinal tract by absorption of toxins of bacterial origin.
This is a point requiring further study. Unfortunately, this case died suddenly, and
we were unable to make the post-mortem for some ten hours, so that our cultures were'
of no use. The usual gross lesions were observed, and the case was typical of the
disease.
Two other eases were under observation, and examined post-mortem, but without
throwing any light upon the pathology of the disease, as neither of them could be con-
sidered typical.
126 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD Vil., A. 1906
Of all the cases under observation this year, only one of them proved a suitable
and typical case of the disease, the others being either too advanced or complicated by
other diseases, so that we were hampered by lack of material. In one respect this is a
fortunate circumstance, for it shows that the disease, which a few years ago, was a
serious drawback to agriculture in this part of Manitoba, is much less prevalent than
it was. Whether this is due to climatic changes, or to improved drainage and sanita-
tion of stables, or other causes, we cannot at present determine.
However, we have reached a point in our investigation, where we can reasonably
exclude trypanosomata or plasmodia from the possible causes of the disease. The blood
has been examined so often, and in such a number of cases, that if either of these
parasites had been present at any time, they could hardly have escaped detection. The
marked resemblance between this disease and ' Surra,' lent a strong probability to the
theory of a blood parasite being the cause, and our work has hitherto been largely
along that line. We now turn to another field of investigation, in which we have
already done some work, the intestinal tract. Here we hope to find bacteria, secreting
toxins having a hsemolytic action on the blood, and in this way producing the anaemia
characteristic of the disease. This is a task of great difficulty, owing to the presence
in the intestine, normally, of a larger number of harmless bacteria from which the
pathogenic ones can only be separated by tedious laboratory methods.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Yours respectfully,
The Veterinary Director General, F. TOEEANCE, B.A., D.V.S.
Ottawa.
CHAS. LITTLE, V.S.
Winnipeg^ October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you this my annual report for the year
ending October 31, 1905.
The following is the number of animals imported from the United States : —
Horses 3,520
Mules 331
Cattle 2,530
Sheep 98
I have kept a strict watch on all cattle shipped from the western ranches so as to
prevent any affected with mange escaping that might have been overlooked by the
inspectors when loading er developed in transit. The number shipped through to
date is 49,748 and 9,208 shipped to Winnipeg for home consumption. I am pleased
to state that a very few with any appearance of mange arrived here, even a good deal
better showing than last year.
TUBERCULOSIS.
I have tested five head of pure bred cattle for export to the United States and
found all healthy.
GLANDERS.
Since February 25 I have made 37 tests with mallein. The total number des-
troyed was 40, twenty-four of which were destroyed on clinical symptoms alone and
sixteen after being tested.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, CHAS. LITTLE.
Ottawa. Inspector.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 127
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
J. P. MOLLOY, M.D.V.
Morris, Mak., October 31, 1905.
Sib, — ^I have the honour to report that, beginning April 19, 1905, and ending
October 31, 1905, that I have subjected to the mallein test four hundred and seventy
tour horses, destroyed two hundred and twenty-nine, ninety-three of which were
clinical and a hundred and thirty-six contact infected animals. Two hundred and
fifteen were destroyed on first test and fourteen on the second test.
I have the honour to be, sir, •
Your obedient servant,
J. P. MOLLOY,
The Veterinary Director General, Inspector.
Ottawa.
P. A. EOBINSON, V.S.
Emerson, Man., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I beg to submit my annual report of stock inspected at this port for the
twelve months ending October 31. During the year just closed, I have inspected
1,010 settlers' horses and 1,317 cattle. The number of horses imported for sale is
1,301. The inclosed statement shows the number of animals imported each month.
At the Port of Gretna I have inspected 70 horses imported for sale.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
P. A. ROBIt^SON,
The Veterinary Director General, Inspector.
Ottawa.
R. D. SCUEFIELD, M.D.V.
CiRYSTAL City, Man., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to report on the health of the animals inspected by me
ill this district. The most of our entries here are settlers from North Dakota, U.S.,
■who cross the boundary here destined principally to the North-west Territories. The
stock imported has been of an average quality, some very good cattle having been
brought in by settlers. I have inspected and submitted to the mallein test 65 horses
suspected of being affected with glanders, of which 23 were slaughtered by consent of
owners and the department. Most of these slaughtered were clinical cases. I have
had one outbreak of blackleg, in which five cases had died. I advised vaccination and
have had no further trouble since. I had a large outbreak of influenza in spring.
The type is now gradually dying out, otherwise the health of our animals is fairly
good.
I have the honour to ho, sir,
Your obedient sevan\
R. D. SCUEFIELD,
The Veterinary Director General. • Inspector.
Ottawa.
128 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
W. LITTLE, V.S.
BoisSEVAiN^ Man., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you the following report of animals inspected
])y me at the ports of Deloraine and Killarney, Man., for the year ending October 31,
1905 :—
Animals inspected at Deloraine —
Horses 303
Mules 8
Cattle 214
Sheep
Of the above, 53 horses were for sale; 250 horses, 8 mules, and 214 cattle were
settlers' effects.
Animals inspected at Killarney —
Horses •• ' 456
Mules 10
Cattle 299
Sheep 61
Of the above 63 horses were for sale; 393 horses, 10 mules, 299 cattle, and 61 sheep-
were settlers' effects.
I have had one outbreak of glanders among horses during the year, three animals
being affected. One horse showing clinical symptoms was destroyed at once and the
other two were subjected to the mallein test, and both giving a suspicious reaction,
were quarantined and retested in 30 days, both giving a high reaction, when they
were slaughtered. Two of these animals came into Manitoba from Billings, Mont ,
during the summer.
I have had one outbreak of mange in horses during the year, eight animals being
affected. They were treated by the dipping tank process. The disease was intro-
duced into this herd by western horses brought from Alberta.
I have the honoiTr to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
W. LITTLE,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
WM. LESLIE, V.S.
Melita. Max., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of stock entered at the
customs port of Melita for the year ending October 31, 1905 : —
Horses 180
Mules 8
Cattle 60
Of the above stock entered 133 horses and three cattle were for sale, the balance-
being entered as settlers' effects.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 129
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
I also saw one outbreak of glanders on a farm where eight horses were subjected
to the mallein test and having reacted were promptly valued and destroyed.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, W. LESLIE,
Ottawa. Inspector. ]
J. A. STEVENSON, V.S.
Carman, Man., October 31, 1905.
SiR^ — I have the honour to submit my annual report of inspections for the year
ending October 31, 1905.
GLANDERS.
Number tested by mallein test first time. 30; number destroyed, 3.
MANGE IN HORSES.
An outbreak was reported from the west end of this district. Visited this part
and quarantined two horses and gave owners proper instructions.
The health of animals in this district is fairly good.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, JAS. A. STEVENSON,
Ottawa. Inspector.
W. A. SHOULTS, V.S.
Gladstone^ Man.^ October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ending October 31, 1905.
GLANDERS.
Since February 1, I have applied the mallein test to one hundred horses, twenty-
nine of which reacted and were destroyed; fifteen horses exhibiting pronounced and
unmistakable clinical symptoms of glanders were also slaughtered, making a total of
forty-four horses destroyed for glanders.
MANGE.
I have also had occasion to deal with three small outbreaks of mange, which in-
volved only thirteen horses, and were controlled without difficulty.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, W. A. SHOULTS,
Ottawa. Inspector.
15 a— 9
130 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
A. McMillan, v.s.
Beandon^ Man.^ October 31, 1905.
Sm, — I have the honour to submit herewith the annual report of work performed
by me for the Department of Agriculture for the year ending November 30, 1905.
I was instructed by the Veterinary Director General to proceed to the farm of
John Alteman and investigate an outbreak of glanders, which I did on the 3rd of
March. I foiind one case of clinical glanders, which I immediately destroyed, and
tested the remaining six, four of the number reacting and were destroyed.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
A. McMillan.
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
COMMISSIONER A. B. PERRY.
Regina, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report for the year ended
October 31, 1905, on the work performed in the provinces of Alberta and Saskatche-
wan, for the Health of Animals Branch of the Department of Agriculture, by the
veterinary stafi under my directions, together with the reports of the individual
inspectors, as follows : —
General report — Inspector Burnett, Veterinary Surgeon R.N.W.M. Police.
Battleford District — Veterinary Staff-Sergt. Meakings.
Calgary District. — Veterinary Staff-Sergts. McVeigh and Busselle.
Edmonton District. — Veterinary Staff-Sergt. Sweetapple.
Lethbridge District. — Veterinary Staff-Sergts. Gallivan, Greenwood and Johnson.
Maple Creek District. — Dr. Hargrave, V.S., Veterinary Staff-Sergts. Littlehales
and Olsen.
Macleod District. — Veterinary Staff-Sergts. White, Douglas, and Veterinary
Sergt. McCreight.
Prince Albert District. — Veterinary Staff-Sergt. Mountford.
Regina District. — Veterinary Staff-Sergts. Ayre, Gray, Dennis, Mitchell and
Peorry.
The veterinary staff employed at this date is as follows : —
Permanent —
Veterinary surgeons, members of R.N.W.M Police 19
Civil practitioners, permanently employed 3
Total 22
The staff was temporarily increased during the enforcement of the compulsory
dipping order in the quarantine area, and during the stock shipping season, by seven
(7) civil practitioners, who were engaged for short periods.
In addition, civil practitioners were employed at irregular times, at Calgary and
Battleford, where the permanent staff, either through press of business, or sickness.
^^ere unable to attend to the work.
This year the work has been carried on under the supervision of Inspector Burnett,
veterinary surgeon of the R.N.W.M. Police, who has had eighteen years' experience
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 131
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
in the western country, an experience that it is absolutely necessary that a veterinary
surgeon should have, if the work of your department is to be successfully performed.
Lispector Burnett's presence at headquarters has been of great advantage.
The staff is distributed in two provinces in accordance with the requirements of
the work, the general idea ^ing to have an inspector ready at hand in every part of
the country, to deal promptly with any outbreaks. The distribution has varied, as the
press of work in one district compelled the sending of assistance from another.
The work has been heavy, and with the staff available, large though it seems, the
work has not always been kept up to date. I am able to assure you that the veterinary
i)ispectors have worked very hard, and have, especially during the winter months,
suffered a great deal of hardship in carrying out their duties. The outbreaks of
disease are often long distances from any railway, and this means that many days ace
taken in dealing with them.
Six (6) veterinary inspectors are permanently stationed at the customs ports of
entry : Twin Lakes, Coutts, Pendant d'Oreille, Willow Creek, Wood Mountain, and
^N^orth Portal. They must always be in attendance at these points, so that their ser-
vices are not available for the general work.
The inspection of stock, shipped from the quarantine area, occupies a great deal
of time, especially during the four months of the export shipping season. This is
work which cannot be delayed, and demands immediate attention.
The staff appears large, but when the * fixed charges ' on them are deducted, it
greatly reduces what I might term the fighting force. I hope that in the near future
the inspection of shipments may be suspended, when I shall be able to concentrate
our efforts on the stamping out of disease.
We have to combat three prevalent forms of disease among horses: glanders,
maladie du coit, and mange; and among cattle, mange. Other stock is healthy.
Inspector Burnett has dealt with all these in his report, and I only desire to add
a few words to emphasize the wisdom of the policy adopted by you, and which is
being persistently carried out by us.
Taking glanders first, which has caused the greatest loss of valuable stock. Wher-
ever an outbreak is discovered or reported a veterinary inspector is promptly detailed
to examine all the horses. His duty is to at once destroy all showing clinical symp-
toms; to test all which have been exposed to the contagion, and to destroy any react-
ing; to see that stables, &c., are thoroughly disinfected; and finally, to attempt to
trace the source of the disease. This often leads to the discovery of other cases,
where the same has to be again done. Frequently the source is found to be a large
band of horses, running in the open. These are usually unbroken, and the difficulty
of examining and testing, can only be understood by those accustomed to range
horses.
As an instance of this I may mention where it was reported a number of horses,
sold in Manitoba, from a ranch in the southern part of Saskatchewan, had been
slaughtered on account of glanders. On examining the band, which numbered 500
head, two very bad cases of glanders were discovered. The whole band is now under
quarantine, and these 500 unbroken horses must be tested, a tremendous task. These
horses were imported from the United States two years ago, and were inspected at the
time. As Inspector Burnett remarks, we will be exposed to the source of contagion,
as long as large unbroken bands of horses are imported from the Western States.
As I write, suspicion has been aroused that a ranch, with over 1,500 head, has
glanders. They have been rounded up and are now being inspected. Should these
suspicions be verified, our past troubles will be as nothing in comparison.
Here again the horses were imported from the Western States.
I agree with Inspector Burnett that we cannot hope to entirely stamp out this
disease for years to come, because of the large influx of settlers with stock, the im-
portation of a large number of western horses for sale, and the negligence and care-
lessness of owners.
15 a— 9i
132 DEPARTMENT OF AORICVLTVRE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
The policy of allowing compensation for horses slaughtered on account of glan-
ders, has greatly strengthened our hands, and has naturally pleased horse owners.
HORSE MANGE.
It is gratifying to be able to report that this disease, which at one time seriously
threatened the horse raising industry, is now almost eradicated. Two years ago the
disease was very prevalent in the vicinity o'f Medicine Hat. Dr. Hargrave, our
veterinary inspector at that point, deserves much credit for his success in dealing
with it.
MALADIE DU COIT.
This is a disease that was unknown in the west until two years ago, when it was
discovered in the vicinity of Lethbridge.
An examination of the mares that had been running on the same range, showed
that a number of them were diseased. As time went on, cases were found throughout
Southern Alberta, especially in the Medicine Hat district.
Energetic measures were adopted by you. A suitable area for quarantining
purpose was secured near Lethbridge, fenced, and corrals and squeezer built. A large
iiumber of animals suspected of the disease were collected at Lhe quar-aatiiie, until a
<Vfinite conclusion was arrived at as to the proper method of dealing with the disease.
Having fully satisfied yourself of the existence of the disease, you decided that there
was no other course but to slaughter all affected animals. This was done at the quaran-
tine grounds under your personal direction last May.
It was then decided to deal with new cases, the same as with other contagious dis-
eases, that is, to quarantine on the owner's place, and to destroy if found diseased.
Only four veterinary inspectors, who have had the necessary experience, were
authorized to order slaughter.
You avithorized the employment of three deputy inspectors. Medicine Hat, Leth-
bridge and Pincher Creek districts, to ride these districts and examine stallions and
mares. Many eases were discovered and dealt with.
The presence of this disease and its seriousness is now generally known by the
horse owners, who will, I hope, promptly report any cases.
I think that very energetic measures should be taken early in the spring, and I
concur with Inspector Burnett that all the stallions and mares, in the area where the
disease is known to exist, should be inspected.
Owing to the desirability of having a careful investigation of the course of the
disease under the climatic conditions of the Northwest, yoii decided to establish an
experimental station at the quarantine grounds at Lethbridge. A comfortable house,
and commodious stable were erected for the necessary staff. Dr. Hadwen, V.S., was
selected by you for this work.
CATTLE MAKGE.
Because of the marked success which resulted from last year's treatment of all
cattle for mange, it was again decided to enforce the compulsory dipping order.
The time for dipping was fixed between Aitgust 15 and October 31.
The area quarantined was slightly less than last year. Roughly speaking, it was
that portion of Alberta south of the line between Townships 38 and 39 and the south-
western corner of Saskatchewan.
This area was divided into 13 districts, with a veterinary inspector in charge of
each. A large number of deputy inspectors were employed, so that the work, being
carefully supervised, would be thoroughly done, and the treatment rendered effective.
The results have been satisfactory, although opposition was met with, and it was
principally because the opposed claim their herds were free of disease, and not, as in
many cases last year, that the treatment was dangerous, and, as even some claimed,
positively harmful.
HEALTH OF ANIMAL8 133
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
It is not to be wondered at that objections should be taken to an order that
directed that over half a million head of cattle, scattered over 50,000 square miles,
should be treated in the space of 2^ months. It affected hundreds of owners, owners of
a single animal, owners of a thousand head. Protests were made, applications came in
for exemption by the score, but by firmness and tact, these troubles were largely over-
come, and I think I am justified in reporting that the order has been satisfactorily
complied with. Some districts report absolute compliance, others that the second
dipping has not been universal, because of the bad weather in October.
The total treated to the date of this report were : —
First dipping * . . . 520,828
Second dipping 392,239
As an instance of the magnitude of the work, I may mention that one rancher
alone used 20,000 lbs. of sulphur. I am not aware that any such attempt was ever made
in any country to combat a contagious disease.
The government has spent a large amount of money in carrying out the orde^',
but no one will deny that it has been wisely and well spent. The burden on the cattle
owners has been heavy, but it is as nothing to the large losses which occurred every
winter as a result of the disease, nor to the risk which they ran of being shut out of
the English market.
Oiir facilities along the boundary line for the inspection of stock have l)een in-
creased.
At North Portal, where so many American settlers enter the west with their stock,
we have erected an examining platform, shelter sheds, squeezer, and complete dipping
plant.
At Willow Creek, south of Maple Creek, immediately on the boundary, a stand-
ard inspecting station has also been built.
There are now six fully equipped stations at the following points: North Portal,
"Wood Mountain, Willow Creek, Pendant d'Oreille, Cardston, and Coutts. All are in
excellent condition, and will require only slight repairs for years to come as they have
been very substantially constructed.
The only trouble has been with the heating apparatus. The Daisy boiler, to heat
the dip, has not proved satisfactory, as the flues clog, and cannot be cleaned readily. It
has been proved that heating by a steam boiler is the only satisfactory method, and
I recommend that those stations now equipped with the Daisy boiler, be supplied with
steam boilers of 15 h.p.
I have again to call your attention to the danger of the introduction of con-
tagious diseases by American cattle, which drift into Canada. There is no way to
effectively prevent this, except by fencing the boundary line. It seems idle to erect,
at heavy expense, inspection and dipping stations along the boundary, to adopt rigor-
ous regulations for the treatment of our own stock and then to expose our herds to
infection by contaminated American stock.
In closing this report, I cannot but refer to the great advantages which have
result-ed from your frequent visits to the west, and the close personal touch you have
maintained with the stock owners. If the important regulations dealing with the
stock interests have been carried out so successfully, and with the least possible fric-
tion, it has been for two reasons; first, the generous treatment by granting compen-
sation ; and secondly, to the fact that you have met and con.sulted the people concerned,
discussed the measures to be taken, explained the dangers threatening their interests,
and impressed them that only their good was being sought, and that the Department
of Agricvilture was a friend, and only existed for their benefit.
T have to thank you on behalf of the officers of the force charged with duties for
your department, and the veterinary staff, for the generous treatment received from
134 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
the Department of Agriculture, and for the support invariably given in carrying out
the regulations.
I have the honour to be, sir..
Your obedient servant,
A. BOWEN PEREY,
The Veterinary Director General, Commissioner.
Ottawa.
J. F. BURNETT, V.S.
Eegina, October 31, 1905.
The Commissioner,
Royal Northwest Mounted Police,
Regina.
Sm, — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report for the year ending
October 31, 1905.
On December 1, 1904, I took over general supervision of the work in the Terri-
tories under your direction, and since that time good progress has been made in get-
ting contagious and infectious diseases then prevalent under control.
The undertaking was an immense one from the very fact that prior to 1902 no
concerted action had been taken to prevent the spread of these diseases, which were
not only spreading rapidly within the Territories, but affected animals were being
brought in by settlers. (I refer here more particularly to glanders, a disease which
may be latent in the system for years before any symptom is visible.) Appeals from
ranchers and settlers asking to have their horses examined have been very frequent,
more especially since compensation has been allowed for animals presenting clinical
symptoms. In the majority of cases where inspectors were asked for disease was
found, while in a few the trouble was due to some local cause such as decaying teeth,
&c., and in a few cases there was absolutely nothing wrong.
Glanders among horses is the most serious problem we have to contend with, and
while we have not succeeded in eradicating it, we have, I think, cleaned it out of cer-
tain districts which were formerly distributing points and from which it was carried
to all parts of the country. Glanders, so far as I have been able to learn, was first
brought to the Northwest Territories in 1882 by horses that were purchased for use
on the trip made by the Marquis of Lome. To what extent the disease now found in
the country is attributable to that first outbreak I am not prepared to say, but I have
no doubt that some of the cases handled in recent years trace back to horses turned
loose on the prairie during that trip.
Perhaps the importation that proved the greatest curse to the whole of the North-
west and Manitoba included, was that of the late M. Oxerart, who located on the south
side of the Cypress Hills, where the large bands of horses brought from Montana were
ranged. About the years 1891 and 1892, when Oxerart was having his greatest yearly
turnover, glanders was prevalent in his band, and hundreds of horses were being
shipped or trailed east through Assiniboia into Manitoba to spread the disease. The
contagious diseases of animals was being looked after by the local government at that
time, so that little was done toward curtailing the spread of or stamping out the out-
break. At that time nearly every case of glanders found in the southern part of As-
siniboia was traceable to Oxerart's horses. This band of horses has been dispersed,
and although odd cases are occasionally found where they formerly ranged, the coun-
try i.s being so well looked after that there is little danger to be apprehended from
that point.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 135
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
The greatest source of danger we have to contend with now in the matter of
glanders is the horses brought from the other side of the line by incoming settlers;
this of course it is impossible to check without applying the mallein test to all horses
at ports of entry, and as an animal may be affected with glanders for a considerable
length of time before any outward symptoms are noticeable, it will be impossible to
prevent the admission of all diseased animals without the use of this test. A case
came under the notice of one of our inspectors a few months ago, of a settler who
before coming to this country purchased eight horses in Chicago from a dealer. These
horses were carefully inspected at the boundary, and were passed as they presented
absolutely no clinical symptoms. While the inspector was in the district in which
the owner of the horses lived he was informed that the horses looked suspicious, and
when examined and tested with mallein it was found that six of the number were
affected with glanders. These horses had not been in contact with ciny diseased ani-
mal after their arrival in Canada, so that they must have been affected before they
were brought here. I mention this case to show the danger confronting us.
A few diseased animals have also found their way in from points further east
in the Dominion, brought in principally by farmers from Manitoba and horse dealers
who buy in any market. I do not, however, look upon this with any degree of alarm,
as the department is putting forth every effort to stamp out this malady in all parts
of Canada as well as in the two new provinces.
Glanders and its symptoms appear to be so well known now that little if anything
new is left to discover, there are however a couple of points which I think worth men-
tioning, I have been informed that some old country practitioners claim that a loosen-
ing and falling out of hair of the tail and mane was a diagnostic symptom of glanders.
I have tried this in over two hundred head that I have tested, some of them far ad-
vanced in the disease, and have come to the conclusion that there is nothing in it.
Another point which I wish to speak of is the swelling at point of injection when
testing, where the swelling pits \ipon pressure and there is a disinclination on the
part of the animal to move its head, I look upon this as a reaction, when such swellings
occur, I have invariably found the fore leg on the side the injection was made affected,
there is more or less swelling of the whole leg; on the other hand where the swelling
is soft and inclined to ' bag ' a little at the lower side, where the head and neck is
moved freely and there is no lameness, I would hesitate about destroying such an ani-
mal on this evidence alone. There is something about an affected animal apart from
the swelling and rise in temperature that indicates the disease, i.e., when using the
mallein we are now supplied with. There are periods of marked dulness, animals will
stop feeding with a wisp of hay in their mouths if in the stable and if disturbed will
go on feeding again for a few minutes until they evidently forget what they were
doing. I look upon this more as a cerebral affection or intoxication than actual bodily
illness, this phenomenon is more marked between the hours of 9 and 11 in the morning
than at any other time during the day. The mallein supplied by the Biological labora-
tory strikes me as being of better quality than any I have ever used of other manu-
facture, the reaction obtained in affected animals is more prompt and more pronounced
and when proper antiseptic measures are taken there is seldom any swelling.
MALADIE DU COIT.
Notwithstanding the fact that the specific trypanosoma has not been discovered
in any animal on this continent, there can be no doubt as to the existence of this dis-
ease in Southern Alberta. Eepeated careful examinations made during life and care-
ful post mortem examinations prove this disease to be Maladie du Coit as they have it
in some of the European, Asiatic, and African countries. Post mortem examinations
have been made upon practically every animal which has been destroyed on account of
this disease, and these examinations have in every case proved the diagnosis made to
have been correct while the lesions found have corresponded with those recorded by
Lingard and other investigators.
136 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
The insidious nature of this disease and the difficulty of detecting it when at
certain stages, stamps it as a very serious menace to the horse breeding interests of the
county. There are periods in some cases where I think it would be absolutely im-
possible for any practitioner to say an animal was affected and yet this animal would
be capable of transmitting the disease to other animals. I am inclined to the opinion
that the climate of this country is not altogether favourable to the development of the
disease, and it is only after a considerable lapse of time that the disease appears to
manifest itself. Some of the mares which I examined in March, 1904, were found
to be affected although presenting no other symptoms than a vaginal discharge, were
last month apparently in good health apart from a barely noticeable lack of co-ordin-
ation; these animals are now at the experimental station near Lethbridge where the
course of the disease will be wat-ched with considerable interest.
Horse breeders for a long time were inclined to be sceptical about the existence
of this disease, even some who saw post mortem examination made and the changes
brought about found in different animals pointed out to them, said that they could not
see anything different to what would be seen in a healthy animal; lately, however,
they have changed their minds and are now asking for a general examination of all
mares and stallions in the Lethbridge and Medicine Hat districts, this would. I think,
be a move in the right direction as it would give a good idea as to the extent to which
the disease has spread and would also afford us the opportunity of disposing of affected
animals without waste of time and enable us to ensure control of suspects. I also
think that it would be the means of making many owners take their horses in to keep
when they are made to understand the danger they are exposed to while running out
on the open prairie. What particular part of the continent the first affected animals
came from, I have been unable to learn, but I do know that two different lots of mares
have been destroyed at the quarantine grounds presenting the usual symptoms of the
disease and in which cases the diagnoses were confirmed by post mortem examination.
All of these mares, the owners informed me, came from Oregon. I refer to the De-
Rinzy and Kimball Brothers mares. The Kimball mares I first saw at Lethbridge,
when inspecting for shipment, while the DeRinzy mares, I found under similar cir-
cumstances at the Macleod stock yards. In the list of brands furnished to Dr. Davi-
son by Benson Brothers, of Union, Oregon, there is one brand, viz. : A, which I found
on three of the Kimball Bros, mares. On two of these mares the brand had been
vented witH a bar over the brand thus : A, while none of the DeRinzy mares have
this brand. I found mares out of both bunches branded ' 3 ' this latter brand is not
mentioned in Dr. Davison's report. I doubt if there is anything to be gained by carry-
ing this investigation further, but would insist upon the strictest examination of mares
at ports of entry to be made in daylight only.
MANGE.
While occasional cases of mange among horses are reported from different parts
of the country, the really serious outbreaks (those in large bands of horses) have been
cleaned up, and I think the compulsory dipping order may be in a large measure
credited with this result, for had it not been for this order we would not have had the
vats to put the horses through, and the work of eradicating the disease from the band*
of western horses would have dragged on for years if the treatment had had to be done
by hand. Both last year and this large numbers of horses (not infected with mange)
were put through the vats on the principle that if it was good for the cattle it cer-
tainly would be good for the horses. The cases now under quarantine are principally
farm horses, which can be easily looked after and are not a serious menace to other
stock.
The compulsory dipping order regarding cattle was again enforced this year, the
results being such that there is ground for the hope this drastic measure will not have
to be resorted to again for some years at least, and that any cases that may have been
overlooked can be attended to without putting the whole country to such expense. The
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 137
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
results of last year's dipping have been most satisfactory. Last winter was one of the
severest experienced in years, yet I could not learn of one death from mange on the
range, whereas in previous' years I doubt if 5 per cent would be an overestimate of the
loss.
About 50,000 head of cattle were shipped this season for export, the consensus of
opinion being that cattle were never brought to the stock yards in better condition or
freer from mange. The work of carrying out the compulsory dipping order has been
anything but a pleasant one, but now that it is finished it is gratifying to know that
the result looked for has in a great measure been attained; not only have the cattle
been freed from the scourge, but the owners have learned the benefits to be derived
from dipping and that they have a cheap and effective remedy in the lime and sulphur
preparation.
ANTHRAX.
No cases reported.
SYMPTOMATIC ANTHRAX OR BLACK LEG.
A few cases of this disease have been brought to my notice. Cattlemen as a rule
understand the nature of this malady, and apply whatever treatment they think best,
the majority using the Pasteur vaccine.
RABIES.
During the summer no little alarm was caused by the report that rabies existed
in the southeastern part of Saskatchewan, having been introduced by a dog from
across the line. Some few were destroyed and a niimber quarantined. Up to the pre-
sent time, however, no further cases have been reported. That the trouble was rabies
has not been verified.
TUBERCULOSIS.
Sixty-two cattle were tested, there being no reactors. While there may be an
occasional milch cow brought in from the east affected with tuberculosis, I know of
no herd in which the disease exists. I never saw a range animal showing any symp-
tom of the disease, wasters being practically unknown among cattle that spend the
entire year in the open in the country. This I think would apply to white men living
in the country as well as to cattle. In the twenty years I have spent in the west I
have only known one stock man to be affected with tuberculosis. Men engaged in this
business spend practically their whole time in the open air, and I might add rarely
use milk.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
JNO. F. BUKNETT,
Inspector.
C. H. H. SWEETAPPLE, V.S.
EOYAL NOKTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE.
Fort Saskatchewan, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to forward the following annual report of services per-
formed for the Department of Agriculture for the year ending 31st October, 1905.
138
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VI i., A. 1906
All classes of stock have been remarkably free from disease and no epidemic of
any kind has made its appearance.
Malaria or swamp fever, typhoid fever and typhoid influenza, among horses which
prevailed to a considerable extent during the past few years has almost disappeared
any hoof disease or perhaps more correctly, cutaneous quittor, has been almost, if not
quite unknown.
The abatement of these diseases is, no doubt due to climatic conditions, but I am
confident that when horses receive better care and sanitary surroundings are improved,
as they no doubt will be, these diseases will be very much less prevalent under any
climatic changes that may occur.
Tuberculosis in cattle occurs only to a very limited extent and we may well hope
to escape very much from this disease as conditions are most unfavourable for its
development.
Actinomycosis, which at one time could be seen in almost every herd of cattle, is
most rare at the present time.
Black quarter in young cattle has appeared in a few localities, but the losses have
not been at all serious and with proper attention to vaccination in these localities,
any serious results will certainly be avoided.
Mange in cattle is comparatively unknown in Northern Alberta, and only a few
isolated cases in horses have appeared, and these have yielded readily to treatment.
Abortion on some farms appears quite frequently, suffciently so to indicate its
contagious nature and is confined to a very limited area.
Sheep, though kept only to a very limited extent, have been entirely free from dis-
ease.
Swine are not so fortunate, as a number of young pigs die due in almost every
case to dietetic errors in not supplying a mixed grain ration which this animal appears
to require.
Glanders which has made its appearance so frequently during the past will, I
hope very soon be almost, if not quite, exterminated, owing to the liberality with which
the Department of Agriculture is compensating owners of animals affected with this
disease and the stringent measure taken in regard to animals reacting to the mallein
test. 98 animals were subjected to the mallein test and of these 18 reacted but present-
ed no cliiiical symptoms, and were destroyed. 8 horses and 2 mules were destroyed,
presenting clinical symptoms.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
C. H. H. SWEETAPPLE,
Veterinary Staff-Sergt.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
J. J. MOUNTFORD, V.S.
Prince Albert, October 31, 1905.
Sm^ — I have the honour to forward the following report of the work done by me
in this district for the Department of Agriculture for the year ending October 31,
1905.
I have frequently visited the different parts of this district and have destroyed
sixty-eight glandered horses, and quite a number of these horses belonged to German
settlers who came from Manitoba and have settled in and around Rosthern, Hague
and Saskatoon.
UEALTH OF ANIMALS 139
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
There were thirty-three cases of mange in horses in this district during the past
year. These were all placed in quarantine and under treatment.
An outbreak of glanders was reported in horses working on the construction of the
Prince Albert branch of the Canadian Northern Railway, and on examination, I
found them all to be in good health and condition, in all there were three hundred
and fifty horses and one hundred and twenty-five mules. I watphed these horses very
closely while they remained in this district and they continued to keep in good health.
There was another outbreak of glanders reported in the Crooked Lake, Hoodoo
and Humbolt districts, and on investigation I found typhoid fever to be the cause of
death in most of the cases.
These settlers have just moved into the above districts and had freighted their
stuff from Rosthern, a distance of eighty to one hundred miles, and did not feed their
horses any oats and were watering them at the different sloughs along the road, and
making the round trip in four days. I did not find any trace of glanders, having been
in the above districts.
With the exception of the Crooked Lake, Hoodoo and Humbolt districts, I have
seen but an odd case of fever in horses in this district during the past year.
A detailed statement of the work done by me here has been forwarded to the
department each month.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, J. J. MOUNTFORD,
Veterinary Staif -Sergeant.
W. MITCHELL, V.S.
North Portal, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour, in compliance with your instructions, to forward this,
the annual quarantine report for North Portal for the year ending the 31st ulto.
And at the outset, permit me to say that in the performance of this duty, I find my-
self labouring under grave disadvantages through lack of personal knowledge relative
to the matter I am writing about. Indeed, with the exception of the last couple of
weeks in the year during which I had personal oversight of the work, for the mate-
rial necessary for this report I am dependent entirely on the meagre supply furnished
by the records, and that almost entirely of a statistical character. Under more favour-
able circumstances and with the entire scope of a year's operations to draw upon, much
doubtless, might have been written that would not have been wholly devoid of interest
but in the present instance, apart from the elaboration of merely hear-say knowledge,
that course is wholly impracticable. Suffice to say that I have carefully checked the
records over and find that the total number of United States stock brought into Canada
at this point during the year for all purposes is as follows : —
Horses 6,504
Mules ' 311
Cattle 6,997
Sheep 92
Swine 48
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, W. MITCHELL,
V eterinary Staff-Sergeant.
140
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
H. M. GKAY, M.D.V.
Regina^ October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to forward herewith my yearly report for the year end-
ing October 31, 1905.
I was stationed at Pendant D'Oreille inspecting stock crossing the line at that
port of entry, leaving that point on December 15, to relieve Staff-Sergeant Johnston at
Coutts, where I was stationed until February 1, being transferred from ' K ' division
to Depot division on June 1, 1905.
I was stationed at North Portal from June 18 until October 17, since when I
have been working from Regina testing animals for glanders.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
H. M. GRAY,
Veterinary Staff -Sergeant.
A. E. DENNIS, V.S.
Regina, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to forward the annual report on quarantine work done
in this district; since entering the service about five months ago I have been working
in this district on glanders; I have tested about 190 horses and examined quite a
number more which I did not test owing to no clinical symptoms being present and
failure to trace where they had been in contact with infected animals. But of the
animals I have tested myself the second time, I only found one that did not react
again; in nearly all of the cases where animals were infected I have traced the disease
either to a ranch or the United States. I was at Tyvan on the Areola and Regina
Railway and destroyed twenty-five horses around that town and traced the origin of
the disease to three different parts of the United States. I have found very little
mange in this district and what I did find was not very far advanced and yielded
readily to treatment.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
A. E. DENNIS,
Veterinary Staff-Sergeant.
E. A. MEAKINGS, M.D.V.
Battleford, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit this the annual quarantine report of this dis-
trict for the year ended October 31.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 141
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
GLANDERS.
Since the date of sending in last annual report till the end of February, I was
stationed in Eegina district, endeavouring with several other inspectors to stamp out
the serious outbreak of glanders prevailing there at that time. I am pleased to state
that our work is now facilitated by the owners of affected animals receiving compen-
sation for those shot.
I also found that settlers were much more willing to have their horses tested, and
in cases where horses had been exposed the owners instead of spreading the disease
would report at once not waiting until pronounced clinical symptoms appeared.
It is quite evident that the work has been greatly lessened by destroying reactors
as very few of the owners keep their animals for a retest.
MANGE.
There was only one case of mange reported to me in this district and that was
doing well at the time of leaving for Battleford.
The statistics of above work done by me in Eegina district will be shown under
that heading.
GLANDERS.
In Battleford district I found considerable contagious disease chief of which was
glanders. This disease existed at Bresaylor and a case or two north of Battleford.
At the latter place all diseased animals were destroyed, at Bresaylor some were
destroyed and others were ordered to be collected pending testing. At this time a
serioias outbreak occurred at the Canadian Northern Railway construction camps,
this matter was investigated and all animals showing clinical symptoms were destroyed
together with a number of animals which reacted to the mallein test.
Later the owners of these animals decided to quarantine those affected instead of
destroying. These quarantined animals were visited from time to time and were
found properly isolated thereby preventing the spread of the disease. All abandoned
camps were burned, and a number of carcasses of horses and mules which I suspected
of dying of said disease and which were lying along the trail unburied. Since know-
ing the nature of the disease the sui)erintendents of various camps have attended to
the burning of the camps before leaving, previous to that time the expense of burn-
ing said camp was borne by the Department of Agriculture as it was impossible to
ascertain the names of the contractors who used these camps, owing to many of them
having left the district.
Numerous settlers worked on the grade teaming during this outbreak the names
being given to me by the superintendents of construction. All these horses have been
tested with one or two exceptions, and I have great pleasure in stating that a very
small majority of these horses have reacted to the mallein test.
With the exception of horses and mules under quarantine and those in the
Bresaylor district at which place H. Ovens, V.S., is now working, I know of no other
cases in this district.
MANGE.
During the spring a few cases of mange appeared in cattle these being confined
to the Battleford town herd, those showing disease were promptly isolated, and a close
■R atch kept on the others, none of which developed the disease, and all cases, I am glad
lo say, have been successfully treated. In horses this disease is somewhat more scat-
tered, cases being found in various parts of the district; however, most of these are
now cured and the others progressing favourably. And in only one case was it
found in a band of horses and these were in pasture, all were quarantined and are
now being treated.
142 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
I have visited some of the ranches in this district as well as a number of bunches
of horses which have been in this vicinity and found no disease of any kind, the
horses being in a fine healthy condition.
I attach a chart of number of animals tested, destroyed, &c.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
E. A. MEAKINGS,
Veterinary Staff-Sergeant.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
Horses tested, reacted, destroyed and quarantined:
Tested 262
Reacted 103
Destroyed 54
Quarantined 55
J. E. LITTLEHALES, D.V.S.
Maple Creek, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report, for year ended October
31, on work performed for the Department of Agriculture since April 1, at which
time I was transferred here.
Number of miles travelled —
Train.. .. 1,624
Trail 1,275
Number of animals inspected —
Imports —
Horses 442
Cattle 3,333
Sheep 3,070
Exports and local markets —
Cattle 4,781
About twenty-five head were rejected on account of mange.
These exports were inspected at different points between Medicine Hat and Wal-
deck.
Local markets —
Horses 81
These were inspected by me at Medicine Hat, Walsh and Irvine in the absence
of Dr. Hargrave.
The above record shows an increase on imports and exports from last year.
The following exports were inspected by Dr. Jemison at Medicine Hat, Dunmore
Junction, Irvine, Walsh, Brooks, Suffield and Stair: —
Cattle : 12,187
Horses 393
Sheep 1,262
Mules 4
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 143
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Dr. Jemison was temporarily and especially engaged, from August 1, for the pur-
pose of inspecting shipments of live stock, at various points on the railway, between
Brooks and Waldeck, as there was so much other work to be done in the country, by
the inspectors stationed at Medicine Hat and Maple Creek.
GLANDERS.
I have destroyed ten horses which showed clinical symptoms, and tested forty-
five head with mallein, three of which reacted and were destroyed.
I still have a bunch of horses to retest, as soon as the owner is able to gentle
them sufficiently to be handled.
The districts in which glanders prevailed, are Herbert, among the German farm-
er's horses, and Battle Creek.
Some half-breeds, travelling from Saskatoon by trail to Swift Current were
stopped and quarantined by the police as their horses showed suspicious symptoms;
three horses I destroyed showing clinical symptoms, and after testing the balance,
eight in number, destroyed one reactor.
MANGE.
There has been very little mange showing this year, only a very few cases were
noticed in the cattle treated in this district.
The majority of the ranchers recognize the benefit they have derived from Isat.
year's treatment
Dipping- operations are practically over, nearly 60,000 head of cattle being dipped
in this district. It was found necessary to employ several more deputy inspectors
than was at first expected, at the commencement of the dipping, on account of there
being so many more vats to attend to than last year, and also so many ranchers
dipped on the same dates, as it was in two cases at second dippings, it was found
impossible to provide a deputy inspector. However, dipping operations were very
thorough, hardly an animal being missed. The cage vat does the work most thor-
oughly.
There were no cases of mange in horses reported to me in this district.
MALADIE DU COIT.
So far this disease has not extended to this district. One case was reported, as
suspicious, in a gelding at Battle Creek. I saw this animal with Dr. Hargrave, and
it proved to be free from the disease.
No disease in sheep has been reported to me during the time I have been in
Maple Creek.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
J. E. LITTLEHALES,
• Veterinary Staff-Sergeant.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
H. T. AYHE, V.S.
Eegina, October 31, 19'05.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of quarantine work per-
formed in the Eegina district by Inspector Burnett, Staff-Sergeants Ayre, Mitchell,
144
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Busselle, Greenwood, Meakings, Gray and Dennis, between November 1, 1904, and
October 31, 1905 .
cr
Tested and des-
troyed.
Destroyed with-
out test.
Tested and no
reaction.
Examined only
and not tested or
quarantined.
Tested more than once and
ceased to react.
Total.
-p.S
1
2 3
4
5
6
114
631
22
1,190
1,196
67 31
18
2
4
3,275
Horses quarantined for mange.
Cattle " '' ..
86
41
Cattle tested for tuberculosis, 69; 62 for the experimental farm, Indian Head,
and seven for Jno. Scott, Manor, no reaction.
Nine head of cattle died from Blackleg at Willow Bunch, 147 head examined.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
H. T. AYEE,
Veterinary /Staff -S erg eani.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
A. R. DOUGLAS, D.V.S.
MACLEOD, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my first annual report of services per-
formed for the Department of Agriculture.
Having been taken on as veterinary staff-sergeant in the RN.W.M. Police early
in March, 1905, I was employed for a considerable length of time investigating cases
reported as glanders among the horses in that district. On the Kirkella branch of the
C.P.R. the general condition of stock was good, although about eight horses in the
neighbourhood of Tantallon were found to be suffering from glanders and were forth-
with slaughtered. On the main line east of Regina several cases of suspected glanders
were reported, bi;t no serious outbreak occurred. On the Areola branch, eight horses
were slaughtered for glanders at Kronan and two at Frances, in both cases these were
reactors to the third test with mallein. At Bladworth, on the Prince Albert branch,
six horses out of seven on the premises of a farmer in that neighbourhood were found
to be infected with glanders and were forthwith destroyed; I also inspected the prem-
ises of several farmers residing near Davidson, where an outbreak of glanders had
occurred some time previously, the disinfection of premises and cremation of carcasses
had been carried out thoroughly, so that no fresh cases, up to that time, had been
reported. At Craik a case of mange was reported, but upon examination proved to
be a simple case of cutaneous irritation, the result of pediculi. Several other cases
of suspected glanders were reported, but the majority of these proved to be nothing
more seriovis than a severe attack of nasal catarrh or coryza, and especially was this
found to be the case among horses imported from the east, the change of climate pre-
disposing them to such nasal affections.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS
145
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
On the main line west of Eegina several cases of glanders occurred; ten miles
north of Belle Plaine two well marked cases developed and on testing with mallein
the remainder of the horses on the premises, four in number, a reaction occurred in
each case, so that the entire six were destroyed.
At Buffalo Lake, twenty miles north of Moosejaw, six cases of glanders were dis-
covered just in time to prevent a serious outbreak in that district.
In the neighbourhood of Caron a great number of suspected cases were examined
but in only two cases did the disease prove to be glanders.
At Parkbeg seven cases of glanders occurred and several cases of suspected mange
were reported, but upon investigation these cases proved to be ringworm, with which
a number of calves in that district were badly infected. North of Parkbeg, two cases
of glanders occurred ; two cases were also discovered at Eyebrow Hill, about thirty
miles north of Parkbeg. West of Parkbeg, seventy range horses were tested with mallein
owing to the fact that they had been exposed to contagion by direct contact with a
glandered horse on the same range; four of these reacted and were destroyed. About
forty miles north of Chaplin, a very serious outbreak of glanders occurred; to all ap-
pearances the disease had been spreading amongst these horses for at least a year, but
owing to the natural conditions under which these animals live being conducive to good
health, it assumed a benign form, hence the characteristic symptoms were slowly de-
veloped and in the majority of cases the animal was, to all appearances, perfectly heal-
thy until tested with mallein, when a decided reaction occurred, thus the disease would
be disseminated among the farming community should these animals be offered for sale
as the extreme change from the open range to a dark, damp or ill-ventilated stable
would suffice to render the disease manifest in a short period of time. It appears then,
that a careful examination of range horses from that particular district would be
necessary before placing them on the market. Out of about 200 head of horses tested
.with mallein on this ranch, 56 reacted and were disposed of in the usual manner. At
Waldeck I inspected six carloads of cattle for shipment, all of which passed inspection.
On the Soo line the condition of stock was found to be good, although several sus-
pected cases of glanders were reported from various points along this line no out-
break of any consequence occurred. Towards the latter part of May I inspected 632
Texas cattle and 74 horses for importation into Canada ; owing to some alterations to
the stock yards at North Portal I was obliged to proceed to Velva, North Dakota, to
examine these animals.
Early in September I was attached to this division for the purpose of taking over
the duties of inspector for No. 2 quarantine district. Compulsory dipping of cattle
for mange is stiU in progress in this district and with few exceptions the ranchers
"are not adverse to this method of treatment, in fact some claim that the cattle winter
better after having been dipped, however, it has checked the spread of mange to an
enormous extent and a thorough dipping this year will practically exterminate the dis-
ease in this district. At Cardston I inspected 22 head of horses for shipment during
the latter part of October. At present I have two mares under close quarantine for
suspected maladie du coit; until a thorough examination can be made, these mares
are in the neighbourhood of Cardston.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The "Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
A. E. DOUGLAS.
Veterinary Staff 8gi.
15a— 10
14e DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
C. H. MoVEIGH, V.S.
Calgary, October 31, 1905.
Sm, — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report of work done for
the Department of Agriculture for the year ending October 31, 1905. \
Cattle mange, which has been prevalent throughout this district, has been nearly
eradicated by the recent compulsory mang<e dipping order. This district has been sub-
divided into three districts.
District No. 12. — That portion of the Calgary district lying west of the C. and E.
railway, under the supervision of P. K. Walters, V.S.
District No. 10. — That portion of the district, west of the C. and E. railway and
north of the C.P.R., under the supervision of Veterinary Staff-Sergeant Busselle.
District No. 11. — That portion of the district east of the C. and E. railway and
south of the C.P.R., under the supervision of Veterinary Staff-Sergeant McVeigh.
I am pleased to state mange has not been nearly so noticeable this season as last,
and also to state the dipping has been much more thoroughly carried out.
I do not believe there is a single animal in these districts which will not be treated
this season. Not a single case of horse mange has come under my notice this year.
Glanders has been found to some extent throughout the district north of Calgary.
Sixty-three animals have been destroyed, only three south of Calgary.
Most of the stock inspected for shipment were inspected by Drs. Hobbs and Rid-
dell: Horses, 1,937; cattle 19,858.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
C. H. McVEIGH,
Veterinary Staff 8gi.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
J. A. MoCREIGHT, V.S.
E.N.W.M. Police,
MACLEOD, October 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to forward the following report of services performed for
the Department of Agriculture for the year ending October 31, 1905.
I was transferred from Depot division, Regina, to this post in May last. My re-
port prior to that date has been taken from records kept in the veterinary office.
Every shipment of stock during the year was inspected.
Number of cattle inspected and passed for shipment, 10,692 head.
Number of horses inspected and passed for shigiment, 2,246 head.
Number of cattle rejected for mange, 4 head.
Number of cattle rejected for actinomycosis, 1 head.
Number of horses rejected for mange, nil.
M^ADIE DU COIT.
Owing to the insidious nature of this disease and the difficulty in detecting its
symptoms by the ordinary horse owner, I was employed chiefly during the summer in
making examinations of stallions kept for service in this district, with a view to pre-
vent further spread of the disease. In every case where the disease was suspected to
HEALTH OF ANIMALS
147
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
exist, a careful examination was made of all in contact animals and everything show-
ing the slightest symptoms quarantined and isolated.
Number of stallions and mares examined, 304; number of stallions quarantined,
2; number of mares quarantined, 5.
Mange has not shown to any great extent so far in this district, nor have I seen,
with the exception of one, a bad case of actinomycosis.
Glanders. — Twelve outbreaks of this disease were investigated, and measures car-
ried out as seemed best for its eradication and control.
Number of animals destroyed for glanders, 23; number of animals tested and no
reaction, 17; number of animals quarantined, 1; total 41.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
JAMES A.
McCREIGHT,
Sergt.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
N. P. OLSEN, V.S.
Regina, October 31, 1905.
Sm, — I have the honour to submit the following report of work performed by my-
self for the Department of Agriculture from May 17 to October 31, 1905.
During the first three months of this period I was working in southeastern Assini-
boia (now Saskatchewan). I found glanders to be by far the most prevalent of conta-
gious diseases in this district. The attached table shows my work in this connection.
RABIES.
An outbreak of this occurred in Oxbow, and such measures were taken as were in
accordance with the Animals Contagious Diseases Act.
EQUIKE MANGE.
Only seven cases of this came under my notice.
CATTLE MANGE.
No cases of this disease were reported in this locality.
During September and October, I had charge of Dipping District No. 13. The
Order in Council re compulsory dipping has been complied with in a satisfactory
manner in this district.
Six dipping vats have been built since last year; there being now eleven vats in
the district. No cases of mange were seen in the northern part of the district, but in
the souttem and central portions cases were quite numerous, particularly in herds
not treated last year. No other diseases of a contagious or infectious nature came
under my notice.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
15a— lOi
N. P. OLSEN,
Veterinary Staff Sgt.
148
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 190S
GLANDERS.
Tested
and
Quaran-
tined.
Tested
and
Des-
troyed.
Des-
troyed,
without
testing.
Tested
and no
re-
action.
Examin-
ed only,
not
tested or
quaran-
tined.
Tested more than once and
ceased to re-act.
Total.
1
2
3
4
5
28
53
0
138
43
7
1
270
H. J. JOHNSTON, V.S.
CouTTS, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit this my annual report of work done for the
Department of Agriculture for the year ending October 31, 1905.
With the exception of a very few cases of mange in cattle, no disease of a conta-
gious or infectious nature, has shown itself in this district during the year.
Mange is practically eradicated in this district owing no doubt to the rigid en-
forcement of the compulsory dipping order, and every rancher seems anxious to com-
ply with it, although some of them have been rather late in doing so.
There has been a marked decrease in the amount of stock imi)orted as compared
with that of last year, owing to the fact that the unbroken range horses are not being
shipped and the dry seasons for the last two years in Southern Alberta have discourag-
ed immigration.
During the year I tested with tuberculin thirty-^nine head of cattle, none of
which reacted.
The total number of stock that came into Canada at this port is as follows : —
Horses 2,584
Mules 6
Cattle 3,940
Sheep 4,473
Swine
Total exports, cattle 409
We completed the dipping of all cattle in the vicinity of Coutts the second time
on the 25th of October. I have not received the reports of the deputy inspectors of
this district (No. 14) to date, so cannot give a complete detail of the work done.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
H. J. JOHNSTON,
Veterinary Staff Sgt.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS
149
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
S. A. K WHITE. V.S.
Cardstox, October 31st, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to forward this my annual report of work done for the
, Department of Agriculture for the year ending October 31, 1905.
I relieved S. S. Oliver at this quarantine station on July 29, 1905, since that date
there have been inspected here two hundred and fifty-four horses, and thirty-six head of
cattle. The cattle were held, and dipped.
There were one hundred and forty-two horses inspected free of duty, being entered
by settlers. And one hundred and two entered upon which inspection fees were col-
lected.
I have examined, and tested for glanders, in this district, fourteen head of horses,
one of which reacted, and was destroyed.
One case of maladie du coit came to my notice and is now held in quarantine.
Mange is practically stamped out in this district due to the active measures taken
by the Department of Agriculture, in enforcing the dipping of all cattle, which is
now declared to be very beneficial to all cattle whether affected or not.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
S. A. K WHITE,
Veterinary Staff Sgt,
E. S. GEEENWOOD, V.S.
Pendant d'Oreille, October 31, 1905.
Sir,— I have the honour to submit herewith my report of work performed for
the Department of Agriculture for the seven months ending October 31, 1905.
On engaging with the Royal Northwest Mounted Police as a venterinary staff
sergeant in April, 1905, I was stationed at Depot Division, Eegina, where I remained
until June, when I was transferred to K Division, Lethbridge, and stationed at Pen-
dant d'Oreille, a port of entry on the international boundary.
While stationed at Depot Division I was sent out to investigate an outbreak of
glanders on the Indian reserves, in the Touchwood Hills Indian agency. I found
this to be quite a serious outbreak, not confined to horses on the Indian reserves but
extending to those of several settlers in the vicinity. In all I found twenty-six cases
of glanders, fourteen of which were on the Indian reserves. All those horses wer«
dealt with according to the order. As those Indians are in the habit of spending a
great portion of their time in pursuit of game and in visiting the different reserves,
thus coming in contact with horses all over that country, I was unable to trace the
origin of the outbreak.
While inspecting horses on one of the reserves, I came across two cases of mange
in horses; these were treated according to the order. The dipping of horses for the
eradication of this disease has had a marked effect on the horses of our western
ranges.
Since coming to Pendant d'Oreille I have had one case of glanders. This horse
was destroyed according to the order, and the remainder of the herd subjected to the
mallein test.
When the compulsory dipping order of 1905 came out, I was given charge of dis-
trict No. 6. In this district we have six dipping plants, besides the government vat
160 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
at Pendant d'Oreille. All the cattle in the district, ahout 27,000, have been treated
according to the order, with the exception of those being dipped at this dipping plant.
Two of the largest cattle owners in the district have been using this plant, and having
to cover such a large tract of country in order to get their cattle, they have been un-
able to complete their dipping in the time specified by the order. They are, however,
continuing to dip, and hope to have all their cattle dipped by November 15, 1905.
The compulsory dipping order of 1904 has had an appreciable effect on the eradi-
cation of this disease, and with this season's compulsory dipping will, I think, leave
our herds entirely free from mange, and with the present regulations regarding im-
port cattle at all ports of entry, and with something done to effectually prevent the
invasion of our ranges by the American stray cattle, I think we will be free from this
troublesome disease for some time.
While visiting the different dipping plants in my district I have noticed several
cases of actinomycosis. Aside from this disease, and mange, cattle in this district are
free from any contagious diseases. Attached is a list of stock inspected at this port
of entry, and allowed to enter, from June 1, 1905, to October 31, 1905.
Import stock inspected at Pendant d'Oreille port of entry and allowed to enter: —
Horses 656
Cattle 899
Registered cattle tested with tuberculin and allowed to enter, 14.
Export cattle inspected and allowed to be removed from quarantine district,
2,627.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
E. S. GREENWOOD,
Veterinary Staff Sgt.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
M. -v. GALLTVAN, V.S.
LETHBRrocE, Alta., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit this my annual report of work done for the
Department of Agriculture for year ended October 31, 1905.
During the past twelve months I have inspected for shipment 4,332 cattle and
314 horses, and have found no contagious diseases existing among cattle, with the
exception of a few cases of mange and actinomycosis.
Mange is disappearing rapidly since the enforcement of the compulsory dipping
order.
The equine disease known as maladie du coit still exists in this district, but every
means possible is being used to eradicate it. Early in June an examination of the
mares at the quarantine station was conducted by you. Inspector Burnett, Dr.
Higgins, Dr. Warnock and myself also being present. A nvmaber of mares belonging
to different owners were destroyed, while several selected cases were retained for
experimental purposes. A considerable number were subjected to a further period of
quarantine owing to the symptoms presented not furnishing conclusive evidence of
their being affected. Since that time a number of other mares have been slaughtered
after examination by Inspector Burnett, Dr. Hadwen and myself.
Dr. Higgins made post mortem examination on carcasses of animals slaughtered
in June ; Dr. Hadwen doing likewise on animals destroyed this fall. The pathological
lesions found will be reported by them.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 151
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
About thirty-six mares are still in quarantine field, some of which are yet to be
destroyed. In the past two months I have seen three new cases, one a stallion, the
other two cases are mares picked up on the prairie; these animals have been,
quarantined on premises of owners. One outbreak of glanders has been reported in
this district, which I attended to. It occurred on a farm near Sterling, Alta., two
horses were destroyed, one a gray gelding showing clinical symptoms, the other a
brown mare that re-acted to mallein test. Since the slaughter of these animals the
disinfecting of premises has been satisfactorily carried out.
Six thousand four hundred and seventy-two cattle have been dipped in this dis-
trict under the provisions of the compulsory order.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, M. V. GALLIVAN,
Ottawa. Veterinary Staff Sgt.
J. C. HABGEAVE, D.V.S.
Medicine Hat, October 31, 1905.
SiK, — I have the honour to submit the following report for the twelve months
ending October 31, 1905.
The number and classes of animals inspected and passed for shipment are as
follows : —
Horses 1,413
t Cattle 1,948
Since July the inspection of shipments has been looked after by Dr. Jemison.
The number and classes of animals imported from the United States are here
given : —
Horses 45
During the year 350 doses blacklegine have been sold.
GLANDERS.
Number of horses destroyed for glanders during the year were forty-four (44),
and for the previous years as follows: —
1901 43 head.
1902 21 "
1903 10 "
1904 11 «
Some 230 tests were made during the year.
Horses tested once 203
" twice 21
" thrice 1
Horses tested and no re-action 163
Horses tested and destroyed 40
Horses destroyed without testing 4
Number of ceased re-actors 2
Suspicious cases examined 20
Number in quarantine at present awaiting test. . 1
152 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1906
TUBERCULOSIS.
Only two cases came to my notice, both were dairy cows, and clinically diagnosed.
MANGE.
The result of the compulsory dipping of cattle in 1904 was most gratifying. The
following may serve to illustrate the results.
E.. E. Margeson, manager of the Medicine Hat Ranch Co., during the winter of
1903-4 treated in the neighbourhood of 300 cases, and during the winter of 1904-5 did
not have a single case. Likewise the ranchers on Boxelder creek treated, during the
winter of 1903-04 about 450 cases, and last winter only 3 cases were found, and these
were thought to have escaped the dipping.
Similar reports were made from all over the district.
The dipping this year has been done most willingly and, although a few have to
make their second dip, is practically finished.
Number of vats in operation during 1905 38
Number of cattle dipped 60,000
Number of horses dipped 2,426
Mange among horses has been almost stamped out. This date a year ago there
were in quarantine 8 bunches, comprising some 2,500 head. This date I am pleased
to be able to report that only two (2) remain in quarantine, and one of th^e two herds
is free from mange, but remains in quarantine because of the maladie du coit.
At the present time to my knowledge there are only four cases of mange in the
district.
The lime and sulphur dip has been used on all these herds.
A quantity of crude oil was received for experiment. Only one test was made.
A roan gelding badly affected with sarcoptic mange received one application of this
oil, with the result that no further treatment was necessary, but considerable oedema
of the extremities resulting from the application.
MALADIE DU COIT.
In March a case of maladie du coit was detected, and several more on April 6,
since when about 2,500 mares have been examined.
Number destroyed for maladie du .coit 104
Number suspicious cases this date 86
A number of these herds have been examined two and three times. Post mortems
were held on some 75 head.
All efforts towards tracing the disease to its origin have been without results,
but from the location of the herds in which it was found and from the fact that a
large number of strays are always to be found between here and Lethbridge, it is quite
evident that it has spread from the Lethbridge district.
Respectfully submitted.
I have the honour to be, sir,
' Your obedient servant,
J. C. HARGRAVE,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 153
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
D. WARNOCK, M.R.C.V.S.
PiNCHER Creek, October 31, 1905.
Sm, — I have the honour herewith to submit my report relative to inspection work
done by me, in Southern Alberta, from January 1, 1905, to October 31, 1905.
During the past nine months my time has been largely devoted to examination
and investigation in connection with maladie du coit among horses.
In accordance with instructions received from the commissioner, K.N.W.M. Police,
during the months of March and April, I examined as many stallions as was possible,
tut found none of these affected with maladie du coit.
Early in May I met you and the commissioner of police at Lethbridge, and visited
the quarantine station at that point. Later in the month you. Inspector Burnett,
Dr. Higgins, Dr. Hargrave and others, accompanied me to the Porcupine Hills to
examine some cases of maladie du coit. While there we destroyed two typical cases of
this disease, a mare, and a stallion, quarantined by me in October, 1904, the source
of contagion being directly traceable to a mare brought in from Utah, U.S. A few days
later, I met Inspector Burnett, Dr. Higgins and Staff Sergt. Gallivan, V.S., at Leth-
bridge, and we began a systematic examination of all mares held^at the quarantine
station. On the 23rd, you joined us there, and, after examination had been completed
the work of valuing and destroying affected mares was proceeded with. On the 31st
May, I completed the work of destroying one hundred and ten (110) mares, and with
Dr. Higgins, took over twenty (20) affected mares, from Mr. T. McCaugherty, for
your department, these to be retained at the Lethbridge quarantine station for ex-
perimental purposes. At the same time a number of suspect mares were handed over
to their owners, on licenses to be held for future examination.
After consultation with you and Inspector Burnett, I was authorized to employ
range-riders for the infected districts, their duties being to see that the regulations
relating to maladie du coi't were being observed by horse owners and to take up all
stray stallions found running at large. For this purpose two men were employed, one
in the Lethbridge and Little Bow district, and one in the Porcupine Hills and Macleod
district, and much good work was done by these men. The attention of horse owners
was drawn to the regulations (many were ignorant, or professed to be ignorant regard-
ing these regulations), and many stallions running at large, were taken up and either
castrated, or kept under control, thereby minimizing the danger of disease being spread.
About the beginning of June I proceeded to High River district, to examine a
large bunch of mares and four stallions, suspected of being affected with maladie du
coi't. In this bunch I found two stallions, and a number of dry mares, showing very
suspicious symptoms, but, as many mares were heavy with foal, or had recently foaled,
I considered it necessary to examine the herd later in the season before giving a decid-
ed opinion, so, quarantined the bunch for future examination. Unfortunately, a few
days later, in the course of my inspection duties, I had the misfortune to have my
left ankle badly fractured, and knee partially dislocated from the effects of which
accident I was physically incapacitated for some months, and have not yet completely
recovered; and lost much valuable time.
On the 5th October, I investigated an outbreak of contagious disease among
livery horses at Cowley, Alberta, and found the disease to be variola equina. Finding
four horses affected, I had these isolated, the stable thoroughly cleansed, and disin-
fected, and no fresh cases developed. Two of the stable attendants became inoculated
and suffered considerable inconvenience. I then went to High River, in company
with Dr. Hadwen, of Lethbridge, and arriving there met Dr. "Walters, of Okotoks.
when we visited the ranch already referred to, and made a thorough examination of
one hundred and eighty-seven (187) mares, and three stallions — subsequent to my
previous visit in June one range stallion had been castrated. As the result of our
examination we found thirty-six (36) mares, and one stallion, undoubtedly affected
with maladie du coit, which animals I valued and destroyed. As this herd is badly
154 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
contaminated, the remaining mares and stallions are \mder surveillance, and will be
dealt with, from time to time, as the symptoms of disease develop.
Up till the 31st of October, I have valued, and destroyed one hundred and forty-
seven mares (14:7), and (3) stallions, representing the brands of thirty-one indi-
vidual owners, while a number of suspected stallions have been castrated by their
owners. Many mares, and some stallions, died before the true nature of the disease
was suspected by owners, or the existence of disease was reported.
A number of the mares destroyed have been of little value, but, on the other hand,
many have been very valuable animals, and, even when the maximum valuation allow-
able has been given, the owners suffered heavy loss.
As the effects of this disease are, in many cases, largely manifested in the nervous
system, autopsies are often unsatisfactory to owners. Although the lesions found are
convincing to the student of pathology, owners are often not impressed with the result
of post mortem examinations.
Owing to the insidious nature of maladie du coit, it is a difficult disease to con-
trol, and stamp out, even among domesticated animals, but, under range conditions
the difficulties of eradication are many times increased, and entail much painstaking
careful investigation.
In connection 'with this disease I think it is of the utmost importance that those
entrusted with the duty of dealing with it should exercise the greatest care in diag-
nosis. ]\Iares and stallions affected with other diseases sometimes exhibit symptoms
very similar to those of maladie du coit, and, in dealing with suspected cases, much
careful investigation may be required in order to differentiate. Where pathognomonic
symptoms are not present, but, the symptoms presented are sufficiently definite to justify
destruction of the animal, I think it is absolutely necessary that autopsies be made.
A careful examination after death may reveal the existence of other contagious disease
(or perhaps non-contagious disease sufficient to "account for the symptoms), to combat
the spread of which, measures altogether different from those required in maladie du
coit may be necessary. By making thorough post mortems in obscure cases, much
valuable data may be acquired of great assistance in future investigation. For ex-
ample, if a mare is exhibiting symptoms suspicious of maladie du coit, but the stallion
by which she was served, say, the previous year, is found to be in perfect health, and
all mares served by him, subsequently are healthy, I think it is important that the
true nature of the affected mare's disease should be discovered^ — after destruction, if the
symptoms are such as to warrant this. Under the conditions existing here, I think it
is less regrettable that a healthy (not affected with maladie du coit) mare should occas-
ionally be destroyed than that one affected mare should be allowed to escape.
By making postmortems the inspector dealing with the case will become possessed
of valuable information, and, if the disease does not prove to be Maladie du coiti,
owners of other animals concerned, will be left in a much less i)erturbed state of mind.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, D. WAENOCK,
Ottawa. Inspector.
SEYMOUR HADWEN, D.V.S.
Lethbridge, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my annual report for the year ending
October 31, 1905.
On August 16 I was transferred from Nelson, B.C., where I was stationed, to
Lethbridge, Alberta, to take charge of an experimental station then in course of
erection, for the purpose of investigating the disease known as maladie du coit.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 155
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
The following iists show the number of animals inspected by me at the ports of
Nelson and Rossland, also the contagious diseases dealt with, the number of animals
tested, and the fees collected during the year.
Animals imported from the United States from October 31, 1904, to May 16, 1905 :
Horses 718
Mules 14
Cattle 1,268
Sheep. . 8,084
Swine 119
Total 5,203
Number of cattle tested, 37. Found diseased and returned, 2. One mare held
on suspicion of maladie du coit, subsequently returned.
CX)NTAGIOUS DISEASES DEALT WITH ES' WEST KOOTENAY.
Tuberculosis. — Two cows were tested, one of which reacted and was destroyed.
Glanders. — In January at Pendant d'Oreille I destroyed a horse showing clinical
symptoms of glanders.
In June there was another outbreak of glanders at Pendant d'Oreille, three horses
were tested and a re-action obtained from them all; these were also destroyed.
AT LETHBRIDGE EXPERIMENTAL STATION.
Since my arrival here my time has been principally occupied in visiting the
diseased herds of animals suffering from maladie du coit, and in taking notes upon
those reserved for experimental purposes. I have not been able to conduct many
exx)eriments as yet, the stabling accommodation at the station not being completed.
I have made a considerable number of autopsies, on which I am sending you a separate
report.
In conclusion I desire to express my thanks to Drs. Burnett, Warnock and
Gallivan, who have given me all the assistance and information which it lay in their
power to do.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, SEYMOUE HADWEN,
Ottawa. Inspector.
G. W. JEMISON, V.S.
Medices"e Hat, October 31, 1905.
Sm, — I have the honour to submit the following report : —
I inspected for shipment, commencing August 8, and continuing until Novem-
ber 4.
Cattle 12,424
Sheep 1,262
Horses • 433
Mules 14
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, G. W. JEMISON,
Ottawa. Inspector.
156 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
S. F. TOLMIE, V.S.
Victoria, B.C., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I beg to submit a report for the year ending October 31, 1906.
Hog cholera was dealt with on one farm near Nanaimo in November last, this
was the fag end of the outbreak which caixsed us considerable trouble in Mountain
and adjacent districts during the summer of 1904.
The disease showed itself in Saanich district to a limited extent, but was quickly
stamped out, and has not been reported since.
It is gratifying to note that the disease has not been reported in a single district
in this province this year where it existed during the summer of 1904 and was dealt
with in accordance with the regulations.
Under your directions I had plans prepared, and superintended the erection of
corrals, dipping vats, squeezers, etc., at Gateway, Nelson and Midway, B.C., and was
ably assisted in this work by Drs. Seymour Hadwen and D. Tamblyn and Mr. J. D.
Gordon, collector of customs at Gateway. These corrals are very complete, and were
designed with a view to durability, convenience in handling, and the comfort of the
stock. The largest was built at Gateway, on the line of the Great Northern Eailway.
It has two main yards besides smaller compartments, and is equipped with chutes, a
dipping vat lined with galvanized-iron, and a capacious dripping yard. The contents
of the vat are heated with a Daisy hot water heater, a suitable boiler being conveniently
placed for the preparation of the dip. The water supply is secured from the Kootenay
river by means of a 3i horse-power gasoline engine connected with a 3,000 gallon,
water tank situated near the vat. The squeezer is of a good pattern and is built so as
to render the examination of unbroken horses safe, rapid and efficient. The corral
here is connected by a lane with a suitable unloading chute and yard provided by the
railway company, and placed some distance away, owing to the peculiar nature of the
ground.
The corrals at Nelson are situated next to the Canadian Pacific Railway stock
yards, and are connected with them. They are 90' x 30' over all, divided into two main
divisions. They are also provided with squeezers, dipping vat, dripping yard, etc.
Owing to the peculiar nature of the ground in this neighbourhood and its liability
to overflow under certain conditions, considerable filling was necessary before the
corrals were erected, and for this reason also steam heating appliances have been
substituted for the hot water system.
As quite a number of dairy cattle and stock swine are imported at this point, a
testing and quarantine stable 60 x 30 feet has been fitted up in connection with the
corrals. The water supply is secured from the city system.
The corrals at Midway are built on the same plan and are of the same dimensions
as those at Nelson, they are also situated on the Canadian Pacific Railway, and are
connected with their yards. Water is supplied from the C.P.R. pipes, and the hot
water circulating system is used for heating the contents of the dipping vat. It was
thought unnecessary to provide any stable at this point.
Suitable premises have been secured in Rossland for the purpose of testing im-
ported dairy stock, and for the isolation of small lots of swine imported from the
United States.
I am pleased to report that detention corrals have been provided by the Canadian
Pacific Railway Company on their line at Huntington, B.C., and that similar ac-
commodation for live stock has been erected by the Great Northern Railway on their
line at Douglas, B.C. The inspection and disinfection of stock cars has been carried
out at a number of points where beef cattle are received from the mange infected
districts of the Northwest.
I have had to deal with somewhat serious outbreaks of glanders at "Vancouver
and in the Okanagan Valley, at Vernon, Kelowna and Peachland. The disease has
apparently existed for some time at Vancouver and Peachland. It is impossible to
state to what extent it exists at Vernon .and Kelowna, as we are just about to com-
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 157
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
mence a proper investigation at these points. To date, 192 head of horses have been
tested with mallein, 84 of which reacted and were destroyed, 64 passed the test success-
fully and 41 were found suspicious, 14 of these suspicious horses have been retested
so far, of these two reacted and were destroyed, nine passed the test and three still
itimain suspicious and will be tested again. In nearly all reactors the history of the
cases points to direct or indirect contact with diseased animals and this no doubt
accounts for the large percentage of reactors.
Very little disease has been found among range horses so far. This is very
gratifying, as an extensive outbreak among them would be very difficult to deal with,
owing to the rough condition of the country over which they roam and to the pre-
sence of large bands of owuerless wild horses.
I have had associated with me in dealing with this outbreak, Drs. Bland and
Gibbins at Vancouver, and Dr. H. H. S. George in the Okanagan.
An isolated case of mange was located in the Crow's Nest near Michel, B.C. This
was quarantined and dealt with according to the regulations by Dr. Bell.
I examined with Dr. Hadwen, of Nelson, a mare imported from Washington,
which showed suspicious symptoms of maladie du coit. She was refused entry and
returned to the United States.
Enzootic opthalmia prevailed to a considerable extent in the dry belt districts of
the province during 1904, but has not been reported this year.
No cattle were tested for export to the United States.
The general condition of the live stock industry in British Columbia during the
year has been satisfactory, and fairly good prices have prevailed; but the importation
i>i thousands of live sheep and hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of the products
of the hogs annually from the United States for consumption in this province seem
to indicate that there is still plenty of room for the development of these branches of
the live stock industry here.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, S. F. TOLMIE.
Ottawa. Inspector.
W. S. BELL, V.S.
Cranbrook, October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my report for year ending October 31,
1905, of stock inspected at the ports of Gateway and Rykets, and am pleased to say
that the stock as a rule is of a better grade, with the exception of a few lots which
were not up to the standard, and consequently were turned back.
One outbreak of mange occurred in my district, which was easily stamped out on
account of it being in an isolated place.
I am pleased to say that this was the only case of contagious disease I had in
my district.
Following are the number of animals inspected at ports Rykerts and Gateway: —
Horses 1,346
Cattle 420
Mules 9
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, W. S. BELL,
Ottawa. Inspector.
158 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906
J. W. BLAND, V.S.
Vancouver, B.C., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I beg to submit a report of inspection made by me at ports of Vancouver
* and Westminster district and sub-ports of Huntingdon and Douglas, for year ending
October 31, 1905.
The following animals were inspected at Vancouver: Cattle 1, horses 85, sheep
25,893, all of which have passed inspection.
On August 1 I assumed the duties of veterinary inspector for New Westminster
district and sub-ports of Huntingdon and Douglas, according to your instructions.
At the above ports were inspected the following animals : Cattle 37, horses 55, mules
2, sheep 1,548, of which 36 cattle, 44 horses and 2 mules were entered as settlers'
effects. All the above animals passed inspection. Previous to July 1, I received the
inspection fees as my remuneration for my work; since that time I have been on
salary, and have returned to the department the inspection fees collected.
Corrals have been erected by the railway company at Huntingdon and Douglas.
This is a decided improvement and will facilitate the work of inspection at those
ports. Stock yards in these districts have been kept in a clean and sanitary condition
during the year.
A rather serious outbreak of glanders has occurred in Vancouver this summer;
prompt and effective measures have been taken to stamp out the disease as rapidly
as possible. All cars arriving with cattle from mange affected districts of the North-
west have been thoroughly cleansed and disinfected upon arrival at this port; this
work has been carefully carried out by the railway officials.
I desire to take this opportunity of thanking Dr. S. F. Tolmie for practical de-
monstrations and suggestions re maladie de coit.
Also to thank His Majesty's customs officers and officials of various transporta-
tion companies concerned, for their kind assistance in carrying out the regulations of
the department.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
J. W. BLAND,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
D. TAMELYN, D.V.S.
Midway, B.C., October 31, 1905.
SiR;, — I have the honour to submit my first annual report for the Department of
Agriculture from March 13, 1905, to October 31, 1905.
My duties commenced at Ottawa under your personal supervision and during the
siy weeks there consisted chiefly of car insi)ection, outbreaks of glanders and mange.
The following table will give you the location and number of animals affected : —
HEALTH OF ANIMALS
159
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Location.
Disease.
Number
tested.
Number
Des-
troyed
after 1st
test.
Number
Des-
troyed
after 4th
test.
Number
Des-
troyed
showing
clinical
symp-
toms.
Number
Sus-
picious.
Number
animals
affected.
Number
healthy.
Kemp^^;ilIe
Ottawa
Mont Cerf
Mange
2
7
10
Glanders. . . .
9
11
5
4
3"
2
2
i
2
1
20
9
3
4
1
19
3
Number of stock cars inspected, 21; all of which I had thoroughly cleansed and
disinfected.
I found in the district of Mont Cerf, P.Q., that the outbreak of glanders emanated
from the numerous lumber camps in that vicinity, and the disease spreading through
the disposal of these unfit horses to farmers for agricultural purposes.
On April 28, 1905, I received your letter transferring me to Grand Forks, B.C.,
to take over the boiindary inspection work, including the outports of Grand Forks,
Midway, Carson and Cascade, B.C.
During that period I have inspected the following stock : —
For entry. In transit.
Horses Ill 755
Mules 24
Cattle 152 324
Sheep 3003
Swine 172 ...
Total 3438 1084
Number of stock cars inspected (5) five.
On August 14, 1905, I inspected four horses in transit between the United States
nnd Midway, B.C., and discovered a clinical case of glanders which was immediately
destroyed and burnt, and the remaining three I tested with mallein, neither reacted.
The usual precautions as to cleansing and disinfecting the premises were taken.
I also tested twenty-four head of cattle intended for milk and breeding purposes
which I found healthy and in good condition.
The corrals at Midway are completed, the work being carried out in a very satis-
factory manner. I should like to suggest that a stable and office be built at Midway.
This would not only be of great service to the department, but to the public as well.
At present we have no stable, consequently our testing has to be carried on in the
open corral.
Tour order issued in August respecting animals in transit has proved very effec-
tive, and is considered by the stock owners of this district to be a very essential one.
Following your instructions I transferred my headquarters to Midway, B.C., arriv-
ing there on June 12, 1905.
On September 2, I gave over the inspection work at Grand Forks to Dr. Frank,
so that the inspections, &c., for the months of September and October for that port are
not included in my report.
The general health of stock in the ports mentioned has been good, nothing except
that contained in my report having occurred.
160 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICVLTVRE
5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906
In closing my report I desire to mention the cordial assistance afforded me by
Dr. Tolmie, on taking over the work in this district.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
D. TAMELYN,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
E. C. OUVEE, V.S.
Nelson, B.C., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report: —
Since transferred here last August I have visited the principal parts of my
district. I visited the Warreta district, where some horses had been destroyed last
June, and the four ranches were quarantined, and many other districts, and have not
found any disease. I tested for milk production at Eossland 28 cows, none re-acted.
Number of horses inspected 231
" mules inspected 17
" cattle inspected 200
" sheep inspected 823
" swine inspected 208
Total amount of inspection fees $91.70
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
E. C. OLIVEK,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
J. W. FRANK, V.S.
Grand Forks, B.C., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit a report of work performed from January 1
to October 31, inclusive.
From January 1 until July 31, my work lay in the district of Westminster, B.C.
During that i)eriod the following animals were inspected for importation: —
Horses 271
Mules 6
Cattle 238
Sheep 945
Swine 4
HEALTH OF ANIMALS
161
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Since September 1, I have been stationed at Grand Forks, B.C., and up to tlio
present time the following animals have been inspected: —
Imports —
Horses 161
Mules 2
Cattle 38
Sheep 21
Swine 136
Fees collected $19.69
Exports —
Horses 2
At the present time four swine are in quarantine, which will not terminate until
November 9.
On March 18 a very fine Red Poll bull was refused admission, as he reacted
vigorously to the tuberculin test. On July 11 a settler was refused admission for
tubercular cattle, and on several other occasions tubercular cattle were refused entry
to Canada; with these few exceptions the animals inspected were healthy.
On June 6, I tested and saw destroyed a case of glanders, in Vancouver city,
one horse only was tested, and tested but once.
On July 20, I tested and saw destroyed another horse suffering with glanders;
this case being the one which brought to notice the serious extent to which the con-
tagion had been spread in and around Vancouver city.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
J. WILLIAMSON FEANK,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
G. S. JERMYN, V.S.
OsoYOOS^ B.C., October 31, 1905.
SiR^ — I beg to submit the following report for the quarantine port of Osoyoos,
B.C.
Since being opened in April last there has been no outbreak of contagious or
infectious diseases in this district. Nor have any diseased animals been presented for
inspection for entry.
The following is the number inspected and passed from the United States into
Canada up to October 31 : —
Horses 138
Cattle 88
Sheep 149
Swine 8 [
I have the honour to be, sir.
Tour obedient servant,
G. S. JERMYN,
The Veterinary Director General, Inspector.
Ottawa.
15a— 11
162 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906
C. E. EICHARDS, V.S.
Victoria, B.C., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I submit tbe following as my annual report of the work carried on by me
at the above port during the past year.
There has been a total importation of horses, 84; cattle, 14; sheep, 24,947; goats,
7; mules, 20. Excepting two cattle returned for being tubercular and two horses for
being under valuation, all were admitted.
I was called on to inspect seven horses exported to the United States.
During the year I have tested twelve horses for glanders with four reactions,
three were held as suspicious for a retest which was applied in three weeks' time with
no reaction, making the number of tests fifteen. The four reactors and one showing
clinical symptoms, numbering five in all, were destroyed and dealt with according to
the Act.
Hog cholera in the early part of the year called for considerable attention, and
I caused to be destroyed 33 hogs as being affected. These cases were the last of the
outbreak reported of in my report for 1904.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, C. E. RICHAEDS,
Ottawa. Inspector.
J. GIBBINS, M.E.C.V.S.
Vancouver, B.C., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour herewith to submit my report.
I commenced my duties on August 28, viz.: to suppress the outbreak of glanders
we have in our midst.
My total number tested up to October 31 is 81. Eetests 7. Ceased reactors 6.
Condemned and slaughtered 20. To be retested 9.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, JOHNSON GIBBINS,
Ottawa. Inspector.
ASSISTANT COMMISSIONEE WOOD.
', Dawson, Y.T., October 31, 1905.
Sjr^ — J have the honour to submit this my annual report for the year ended
October 31, 1905, accompanied by reports from the veterinary staff-sergeants acting
as inspectors at Dawson and Whitehorse.
We have but two points at which veterinary inspectors are stationed, namely
Whitehorse, where Staff-Sergeant E. C. M. Nyblett is in charge, and Dawson, where
Staff-Sergeant G. A. Acres attends to the duties.
The work of the inspectors in the Territory is largely of a preventive nature and,
that this is necessary, is very evident from the way in which mange and more par-
ticularly glanders, makes a sporadic appearance here and there throughout the country.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 163
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Glanders during the year was confin^ altogether to the Dawson district, no case
being discovered in Whitehorse or districts tributary thereto.
Veterinary Staff-Sergeant Acres inspected some 75 head of horses, but of these
it was not considered necessary to test 50. Of the remaining 25, 12 were destroyed,
2 showing clinical symptoms and 9 as reactors to the mallein test; the balance, 12
head, were found in good health and entirely free from disease after testing.
In the Dawson district one case of purpura-haemorrhagica occurred, and as the
animal when inspected was found to be in the last stages of the disease, it was
destroyed.
Two cases of malaria also were reported both of which terminated fatally.
These two cases were the cause of some discussion, as, at the time of the death
of the animals, an epidemic of. malaria, or dysentery, was prevalent among the in-
habitants of Dawson and vicinity, and no particular cause was forthcoming as to its
origin. By some of the medical profession the catise was attributed to the contami-
nated source of our water supply and, in support of this contention, the death of the
animals referred to was brought forward. Veterinary Staff-Sergeant Acres, however,
refused to admit this and claimed that the horses contracted the disease from feeding
on low marshy ground.
Fourteen head of horses were found to be affected with mange on arrival from the
Upper Eiver; all made good recovery and the disease was confined to the original
band.
An outbreak of hog cholera also occurred on a small island in the vicinity of
Dawson. Where the animals contracted the disease, whether en route, or whether the
outbreak was entirely due to local causes, could not be ascertained. The circuiii-
Sitances in this case would seem to be peculiar as the hogs were obtained at Mission
Junction, B.C., at which place there is no history of hog cholera. In view of this fact
Staff-Sergeant Acres held a most thorough examination of the animals affected, hold-
ing post-mortems on several and carefully watching the symptoms of those, still re-
maining alive, until he was fully satisfied that the disease was what he had diagnosed
it to be — hog cholera.
In the Whitehorse district the only cases of infectious or contagious diser.se re-
ported were two of mange. One of the animals recovered and the other was des-
troyed.
During the year the following stock was imported into the territory for Dawson:
Horses, 65; cattle, 1,488; sheep, 2,916; calves, 73, and hogs 223; 422 cattle, 721 sheep,
23 horses and 150 hogs passed through destined for Alaskan points.
A considerable number of each of the above were also imported into the Wliite-
horse district, especially horses. These were brought in principally by the White
Pass and Yukon Stage route, the Bullion Hydraulic Company and the Conrad Min-
ing Company.
The cattle, sheep, calves, &c., imported into Dawson and Whitehorse were des-
tined for the markets and were slaughtered as required.
The far greater proportion of the animals imported were from Canadian points.
The duty on stock and inspection by the veterinary inspectors no doubt contributed
largely to this.
The general conditions of the territory as far as horses are concerned have much
improved and I think the owners of stock have realized that it pays better in the long
run to co-operate with the inspectors in stamping out the disease than in endeavour-
ing to conceal it.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
Z. T. WOOD,
Assistant Commissioner^
Com. R.N.WJf. Police Yukon Territory.
15a^lli
164
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
E. M. NYB:tETT, V.S.
Whitehorse, Y.T., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit this my annual report of work done for the
Department of Agriculture in this district for the year ending October 31, 1905.
During the year the following animals were inspected: —
For importation
to
Yukon Territory.
Passing through
en route to
Alaska.
Total.
Horses
140
20
6
50
16
455
821
50
190
Mules
36
Cattle
461
Sheep
821
Swine
42
92
All were found to be apparently in good health.
Two cases of mange in horses came under my notice during the year and were
quarantined; one of these recovered and was released, the other was destroyed. A
third horse I had isolated as a contact case, but it did not develop the disease and
was released. Some work horses which had been working in the bush in the north
part of the district were shipped down the river, and on arrival at Dawson were found
to be suffering from mange and were isolated there.
During the winter a number of horses suffered from a form of eczema, which at
first sight simulated mange, but this disease was not contagious.
During the summer a few of the horses, belonging to the White Pass and Yukon
Route Mail Service, suffered from influenza, and two of them died, but, the epizootic
did not spread, or last for any length of time.
With the above exceptions no cases of contagious disease occurred during the
year.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
E. M. XYBLETT,
Veterinary Staff-Sergt.
G. H. ACEES, Y.S.
Dawson, Y.T., October 31, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to forward the following annual report for the year
ending October 31, 1905, of work done for the Department of Agriculture in this dis-
trict.
The number of cases of glanders which came under my observation has been
much less than for the previous year. The following is a list of cases treated : (horses
and mules) : —
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 165
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Destroyed on clinical symptoms 2
Destroyed on reaction to the mallein test 9
Released after a second test 2
Tested and no reaction 12
Inspected but not tested 50
Total 75
Three cases of suspected glanders were reported to me, but on examination I
found one to be influenza, one chronic catarrh, one purpura haemorrhagica ; the latter
•was in the last stage of the disease upon my arrival, and I recommended the animal's
destruction at once. I found two cases of malaria or swamp fever; the animals were
running on marshy ground, both cases died. Compensation was claimed for seven
animals, which reacted and showed no clinical symptoms of glanders. The majority
of cases of glanders were found in the town of Forty Mile, which is close to the bor-
der of Alaska. I think that this outbreak was due to affected horses which at some
time or other visited Forty Mile from Alaskan points. At first great difficulty was
encountered as to the best means for protecting Canadian horses against contamina-
tion of the disease. Owing to the fact that horses are continually crossing and re-
cros.sing the line it is impossible to keep them separated. It was first suggested that
separate stables should be set aside, but this was found impracticable; I think the sug-
gestion made a short time ago that Corporal Cudlip, of the Royal Northwest Mounted
Police, be appointed assistant inspector at Forty Mile, and a stable be set aside for
quarantine purposes, so that any suspicious cases may be held until the arrival of the
inspector from Dawson, is the most practicable one. In this way, I think that the
■danger of infection would be greatly minimized.
Owing to the large amount of transient work which takes place in this district,
the Yukon Ordinance requires that all public stables be disinfected twice yearly; I
think that this helps greatly to keep down disease amongst horses and raules.
Fourteen horses which arrived from the southern part of the territory were
found to be ajBFected with mange, these were quarantined and carefully treated until
all signs of the disease disappeared. The above is the only outbreak of mange which
has occurred in this district during the past year.
An outbreak of hog cholera occurred on the premises of Mr. Marshall, residing
four miles down the river from Dawson. Fifty young hogs were imported from the
outside last June, and early in August the owner reported that they were dying off.
After careful post-mortems and examination of several suffering at the time, I found
the disease to be hog cholera. Fifteen died, the remainder were slaughtered. This
is the first attempt that young hogs have been imported into the country for the pur-
pose of raising and fattening for store purposes, and I think will be the last.
On the whole the general health of live stock in this district during the past
year has been very good, the percentage of contagious disease being very small. I
am sorry to say that the number of horses in the country- is on the decrease, very
few were imported from the outside last year, and a great number were exported to
the Tanana. I expect that many more will follow this winter.
The beef, mutton and pork imported for slaughter here was of excellent quality,
and arrived in better condition than the previous year. The beef and pork imported
was all Canadian, the larger part of the mutton being imported from the United
States.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
G. H. ACRES,
Veterinary Staff-Sergt.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
166 departmeis:t of agriculture
5-6 edward vii., a. 1906
GEOKGE HILTON, V.S.
Ottawa, Oxt., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the five months ending March
31, 1906.
During this period I have investigated a few reported cases of glanders in this
city, with negative results, otherwise my duties have been confined to your oflSce.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
GEOEGE HILTON,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
C. H. HIGGINS, B.Sc, D.V.S.
March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour, in acordance with your request under date of March
29th, to transmit this my report covering the period from November 1, 1905, to March
31, 1906.
This period of five months is the one during which a smaller number of speci-
mens for diagnosis are received than at other seasons of the year, due in a large
measure to climatic conditions, however, the material received for examination shows
a total of fifty-nine series compared with fifty-five series during a similar period of
the year preceding. Many fowls are still being forwarded to the laboratory for us
to determine the nature of the affection to which they succumbed and the advice
given in the individual reports sent through your office has been appreciated.
The greatest increase in the work of this institution is to be noted in connection
with the preparation of mallein and so great has been the demand upon our facilities,
that I found it necessary to provide greatly increased incubating space of a tem-
porary character, for use in connection with its manufacture.
The temporary stable which was completed early in November last, has enabled
•work on maladie du coit, three eases of this disease having reached here on the 20th
of that month. These cases have at no time presented active clinical symptoms
though there has been a marked variation in the differential blood counts, indicating
the gradual progression of the disease.
The increasing importance of investigations on the pathology of the blood in
'connection with human medicine, makes it necessary for us to lay more stress on
this feature in diseases of animals, and there are now interesting records in connec-
tion with some of our routine experimental work which will prove of sufficient va'ue,
when completed, to compensate for the time and labour spent in their preparation.
Tuberculin has, as formerly, been forwarded from the laboratory, and I am ii:.w
taking the necessary steps toward the manufacture of the entire amount used and
anticipate in this connection, that the saving thus made will assist in increasing the
efficiency of this institution.
The greatest necessity at this time, in connection with the equipment of the
laboratory, is increased incubator space accompanied by proper arrangements for
avoiding contaminating organisms when inoculating the large culture flasks used in
the preparation of toxines.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS
167
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
The assistance rendered by E. A. Watson, V.S., continues to relieve me of many
details in connection with the laboratory routine, thus affording more time for the
consideration of experimental work which it is necessary to take up.
It is impossible at this time to give a full report of the work of the laboratory
for the period indicated on account of the incompleteness of experimental data, and
the impossibility of completing them for incorporation in this report.
Such of the work as will interest the reader of this report is appended hereto,
that a general idea may be obtained of the work of this institution during the past
five months.
MALLEIX.
There have been shipped from the laboratory on request from your office, 6,453
doses of mallein, an amount during five months very nearly equaling the entire
amount of the preceding year. The accompanying table indicates the amount sent out
each month and enables a comparison with the amount sent out monthly during
previous years.
November .
December.
January. .
February. .
March. . . ,
April. . . .
May. . . .
June. . . .
July. . . .
August. . ,
September.
October. .
1903-4.
291
40
135
155
203
184
412
422
75
560
305
371
1904-5.
500
295
365
432
400
500
625
1,055
580
861
1,163
1,043
1905-6.
1,635
1,082
1,606
985
1,145
Total for year 3,153 7,819
Total for five months 6,453
At present there is on hand very nearly 10,000 doses which amount with the above
has been prepared at the laboratory. One difficulty experienced in connection with the
manufacture of this material has been occasioned by the limited incubator space avail-
able at the laboratory. This difficulty has been partially overcome by the fitting up of
a temporary incubating chamber, but it will be necessary to make permanent the
installation of a chamber of sufficient size to meet our immediate demands and those of
some years to come. The heating of this temporary incubator is by gas and some diffi-
culty was experienced in fitting up an automatic arrangement for maintaining the
desired temperature, due to the fact that it is impossible to turn down an acetylene
burner designed for heating purposes without having it flash back. This difficulty was
over CO re and the experience thus gained will enable the arranging of the heating device
on a permanent installation without any anxiety as to its efficiency.
Another difficulty experienced in the preparation of mallein is the contaminating
of the large culture flasks with organisms foreign to the work in hand and this feature
can be eliminated on the installation of an incubating chamber by connecting it with
the proper preparation rooms which in other institutions of a similar nature have been
found indispensable. Sufficient space is available for the increase briefly outlined
above in the basement of the building.
168
DEPARTME'ST OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
TUBERCULIN.
Sufficient tuberculin to test 1,967 head of cattle has been sent from this labora-
tory on order from your office. An increase in the amount sent out is to be noted here
as indicated in the following table : —
November
December
January .
February. .
March. . .
April. . . .
May. . . .
June. . . .
July . . . .
August. . .
September.
October. ..
1903-4.
1904-5.
1905-6.
326
226
405
326
374
437
350
180
309
303
135
438
295
263
378
146
497
272
394
119
149
123
126
173
351
70
266
146
184
Total for year
Total for five months.
2,649
3,145
1,967
The necessary steps have been taken and I anticipate that there will be no diffi-
culty in preparing all of the tuberculin required by the department during the coming
year, although the detail work in this connection has consumed, and will continue to
consume considerable time in the laboratory routine.
ANTHRAX.
Anthrax was positively diagnosed in material forwarded from La Bale du Febvre
after negative findings in several specimens received during the course of the same
outbreak.
In making mention of this instance of a positive finding after several negative
findings, it is my desire to impress upon those forwarding the material for similar
examinations, that blood, removed from the carcass twenty-four hours or longer after
death, is of little value as the putrefactive organisms kill off the anthrax germs in all
portions of the de..d animal's system and to further point out that the bloody fluid
exuding from the natural body openings together with the blood in the superficial por-
tions of the body (skin, ear in particular, also tail), are more likely to supply positive
evidence on microscopic examination than blood taken from any internal organ.
MALADIE DU COIT.
The mares affected with maladie du coit which reached the laboratory on the 20th
cf November last, have given us an opportunity of studying this disease in its chronic
form. Much experimental work has been undertaken in this connection, but at no
time has there appeared any evidence of the infective agent, Trypanosoma Equiper-
dutn. All animal inoculations have been negative. Efforts have been repeatedly made
to demonstrate this trypanosoma by the methods suggested by the various authorities
S£ well as attempts on original lines.
Some points not mentioned by other observers have been noted the most important
of which is the change in the percentage of the various varieties of leucocytes as re-
vealed by a differential blood count. In passing I may mention that within the past
few years, an increasing amount of attention has been given to the differential count
of the leucocytes of the blood in connection with certain diseases affecting the human
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 169
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
being and more recently this method of examination has claimed the attention of
comparative pathologists, notably Burnett, Moore and Mier.
The blood counts conducted by these authors have shown that certain definite
affections are indicated by certain variations in the percentages of leucocytes in the
biood. Acting upon the suggestion presented by this data it has been found that there
is a marked variation from the normal, in the percentages of certain of the leucocytes,
as shown by differential counts of the blood in the cases of Maladie du Coit at the
laboratory. This work upon the blood has given ground for the suspicion that we
may be able to determine something definite concerning the pathology of this affection
as seen in Canada, although it must be constantly borne in mind that the cases on
which we are working cannot give sufficient evidence from which to draw, reliable
conclusions. In both cases that are under observation the progression of the clinical
manifestations bears a close relationship to the changes noted in the differential b^od
counts.
Of the three mares received, one succumbed within a month of her arrival. Of
the two remaining, one is gradually breaking down, while the other is in practically
the same condition as on her arrival.
The finding of* the Trypanosoma Equiperdum by Marek in cases of dourine in
Hungary, as reported at the last International Veterinary Congress at Buda-Pesth,
establishes beyond a doubt the causal role of this parasite in the ' Beschalseuche' or
dourine of that country. Buffard and Schneider, instance in France, the recovery of
an affected stallion, but nevertheless this stallion was able to infect mares in whose
blood trypanosoma were found by them, which finding was confirmed by Leclainche.
Thus, we are face to face with the probability that the same parasite is concerned
with the disease on this continent and that its identification is largely a matter of
obtaining suitable cases, coupled with careful and systematic experiments and close
observation.
As formerly, your appreciation of the work of this institution together with the
encouragement offered to develop still further its usefulness, is a stimulus to take up
research work on problems confronting this branch, in addition to the necessary
laboratory routine, and I trust that the effort will fully meet your expectations.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
CHAS. H. HIGOmS,
Pathologist.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
A. E. MOORE, D.V.S.
Vancouver, March 31, 1906.
Sm, — I have the honour to submit to you the following addition to my annual
report of work done by me from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906.
I tested with mallein in the province of Ontario thirteen horses, out of which
three reacted and were destroyed.
Acting under your instructions, I tested a private herd of cattle, numbering 38
with tuberculin which had been placed under your supervision. Three of these re-
acted, and have been branded and isolated.
I also investigated a reported outbreak of hog cholera in the vicinity of Win-
chester Springs, where I found a few sick hogs on one farm. At the request of the
owner, a post-mortem examination was made upon one of these animals, the result of
170 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
which proved the disease not to be hog cholera but verminous bronchitis, and con-
sequently no action was taken.
GLANDERS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA.
According to your instructions I left Ottawa for British Columbia on Novem-
ber 29, 1905, to co-operate with Dr. Tolmie in dealing with glanders in the city of
Vancouver and also in the city and district of New Westminster. I have tested 389
horses, of which 80 reacted and were destroyed.
Many of these showed clinical symptoms, but in the majority of cases the disease
has been of a mild type. As has been clearly shown by our tests there is much danger
from these mild cases as they are capable of spreading infection to a large percentage
of contact horses.
As the disease is so prevalent in this district a general inspection of all the large
stables in Vancouver and New Westminster is being made.
HOG CHOLERA.
During my stay in British Columbia a report was received from Chilliwack that
pigs were dying in the Chilliwack valley.
As Dr. Tolmie was ill, he requested me to visit the valley and, on investigation,
I found hog cholera on seven farms and 118 hogs were destroyed.
I asked Dr. Wm. Lawson to accompany me and left him to finish the work of
inspecting the hogs of the neighbourhood and to superintend the disinfection of pre-
mises.
This outbreak started at the Chilliwack Landing Indian Reservation, where the
Indians have been losing hogs for some time.
As all hogs belonging to the Indians were running at large and were in contact
with the disease, we were obliged to destroy all hogs on the reservation. In all cases
where hog cholera was found the adjoining farms were inspected.
No new cases have been reported in this valley since we finished our inspection
three months ago.
On January 20, 1906, hog cholera was discovered on the premises of the provin-
cial hospital for the insane at New Westminster, where out of ninety-one hogs
thirty-four were affected.
The remaining fifty-seven were dressed for food. Dr. Bland assisted me in deal-
ing with this outbreak.
Acting on a report from the Deputy Minister of Agriculture at Victoria, and on
request of Dr. Tolmie, I visited the British Columbia Distillery Company on March
31, where I found hog cholera in its most virulent type.
All the hogs on the premises (68) were sick and a large number (36) had re-
cently died.
Extensive lesions of tuberculosis and verminous bronchitis were co-existing with
those of hog cholera. In all outbreaks of hog cholera that I have seen in British
Columbia (except in .the case of the distillery hogs) the disease has been in an ex-
tremely mild form. The proportion of deaths is usually less than in more severe
climates.
I found the most advanced typical lesions of hog cholera in hogs that were
scarcely perceptibly ill. Verminous bronchitis was associated with hog cholera in the
majority of cases where I held post-mortems.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
A. E. MOORE,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 171
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
M. C. BAKEK, D.V.S.
Montreal, Marcli 31, 1906.
Sir, — I beg to report that since October 31, 1905, there have been inspected and
passed by me for export at the Canadian Pacific stock yards, Hochelaga, Montreal.
CATTLE.
Northwest. Ontario. U.S.A.
November, 1905 8,794 1,364 1,921
November, 1905 to March 31, 1906 35
Total 8,794 1,399 1,921
SHEEP.
Canadian.
November, 1905 3,810
Total, 12,114 cattle and 3,810 sheep.
Of these 864 head of cattle and 3,008 sheep were shipped via Boston, 420 cattle
aj)d 260 sheep via Portland.
There were rejected as unfit for shipment, 17 head of cattle and 14 sheep. Of
these, 6 catties were effected with actinomycosis, the other animals were suffering
from lameness and injuries.
On November 11, 1905, I received instructions from you that all sheep from On-
tario passing through Montreal to the United States for slaughter that were not ac-
corr.panied by a certificate of inspection from an inspector of the Department of
Agriculture, must be unloaded and inspected here. Since then, there has been only
cne shipment of two carloads, 384 lambs, consigned to the New England Meat Com-
pacj. These were inspected and found free from disease.
In December in accordance with your instructions, I visited La Bale du Febvre
to investigate an outbreak of disease in cattle in that place. I found it to be anthrax,
and reported at the time.
In January I tested with tuberculin for export to South Africa 133 cows, heifers
and bulls, and got only three reactions.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
M. C. BAKEE,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
C. McEACHEAN, D.V.S.
Montreal, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to report that during the five months commencing No-
vember 1, 1905, and ending to-day, 247 horses were inspected by me, found healthy
and exported from this port to Great Britain. Forty-three Clydesdales, viz., twenty
stallions and twenty-three mares, were imported to Canada via the port of Montreal
from Scotland. All were found free from disease, and allowed to land. Three horses
were found in this city showing clinical symptoms of glanders, and were destroyed.
172 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Forty-one horses were subjected to the mallein test here, six of which reacted and
were shot. At the market places and abattoirs here 10,812 cattle, 7,364 sheep, and
19,289 hogs were inspected, and it is my pleasing duty to report that not one single
case of disease was found. All the sale stables and cab stands in Montreal, were re-
gularly inspected.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, CHARLES McEACHRAX,
Ottawa. Inspector.
B. A. SUGDEN, D.V.S.
Montreal, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to report to you as follows upon the inspection of live
stock at the Grand Trunk stock yards for the period extending from Xovember 1,
1905, to March 31, 1906.
Inspected for export to British Ports via Montreal.
Cattle 4,140
Sheep 378
For export to British Ports via Portland and Boston.
Cattle 9,185
Sheep 8,169
There were rejected twenty-one cattle, thirteen affected with antinomycosis and
five for injuries received during transportation, there were also rejected seventeen
crippled sheep.
During the same period the following United States stock passed through the
yards for shipment to British ports via Portland and Boston: —
Cattle 35,091
Sheep 7,155
At Howick, I tested two head of cattle with tuberculin and eleven head at
Athelstan, these being for export to the United States. None reacted.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, ' B. A. SUGDEK
Ottawa. Inspector.
J. H. ERINK, V.S.
St. John, KB., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I beg to report work at the station, from November 1, 1905, to March 31,
1906. The time has been largely occupied in the inspection of live stock for export
to Great Britain. The number of cattle inspected for export to Great Britain being
25,472 :—
Sheep 1,811
Horses 65
EEALTH OF ANIMALS 173
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Cattle shipped to South Africa, 450. Of the number shipped to the United King-
dom, 10,367 were United States cattle. 1,889 cattle were shipped out from the pro-
vince of Alberta, originating chiefly from Milk River, Cayley, Cambrose, Lethbridge
and Medicine Hat. Xo symptoms of mange were observed in them. All shipments
were free from contagious disease except two or three cases of actinomycosis. It
will be observed that there has been a great falling ofE in the shipment of sheep last
year being about twenty thousand and this season falling below two thousand. Cat-
tle for export have arrived in good condition, the comparative absence of snow in the
eastern sections, much facilitated transport, giving a clear rail, good time being
made from Montreal to St. John, and very few animals were detained from lameness
or injiiries in transit.
CATTLE QUARANTINE.
Xo cattle have arrived here for quarantine this winter. Ten sheep arrived here
on January 2, from Liverpool, but being unaccompanied by the official permit for
importation, were not allowed to land. This matter was after a time adjusted by
the department. Two cattle imported from Boston, Mass., were held for two days
until the tuberculin certificates were approved, the difficulty being that the names of
veterinarians were not on the official list of qualified men, connected with United
States Bureau of Annual Industry. A number of horses have been imported from
Great Britain for breeding purposes, 190 horses and 53 ponies. They were free from
infectious disease. A number of importations were unaccompanied by health certi-
ficates issued in Great Britain, and they were held here until produced, and it is
altogether probable that importers in the future will obey the regulations more
closely.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, JAMES H. FRIXK,
Ottawa. Inspector.
W. JAKEMAX, V.S.
HalifaIx, March 31, 1906.
Sir, —I beg leave to submit my report for the perioH between Xovember 1, 1905,
to March 31, 1906.
Animals inspected for export at Halifax, X.S. : —
Horses. Cattle. Sheep. Swine.
Bermuda 8 7 189 4
Jamaica .^ 80
Britain ' 1,042
Havre, France .. 150
Xewf oundland 1 . • • • 6
9 1,199 275 4
I have the honour to Ve, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, WM. JAKEMAX,
Ottawa. Inspector.
174 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
A. A. LECKIE, M.R.C.V.S.
Charlottetown, P.E.I., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I beg to report for five months as stated in your letter of March 29, ult., as
fellows : November and December, 1905, also January and February, 1906, March.
1906.
Exportation of 16 horses, 149 cattle, 422 sheep.
They vpere distributed as follows : —
Fourteen horses and four cattle to the West Indies. Two horses, 145 cattle and
422 pheep to Newfoundland.
The work in connection with contagious and infectious diseases amounted to one
trip to Freetown, and marking cattle, December 30, 1905, and one trip to Central
Bedeque, where I found cattle slaughtered. This comprises the work done in the
interest of the Dominion government. In performing this work I found sufficient
data to make me believe that tuberculosis is very much on the increase in this island,
and I am sorry to say that it is in most cases traceable to imported stock bulls or their
immediate descendants. It seems to me that if its prevalence is going to be stopped,
some system of interprovincial legislation is required. Such for instance as a test
schedule accompanying each animal sold for stock purposes from one province to
another, and that it be required in each province when a breeder or stock farm has
pure bred cattle for sale, that they be accompanied with a certificate showing a test
as free, and that no breeder be allowed to sell as stock bulls any animal which has
not been subjected to such test.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, ANDREW A. LECKIE,
Ottawa. Inspector.
J. A. COUTURE, D.V.S.
Quebec, P.Q., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to transmit my report for the period extending' from
November 1, 1905 to March 31, 1906.
There have come into this station during that period the following animals, viz.:
November 7, per ss. Pretorian, from Glasgow, Seotland, one bull and two heifers.
West Highlands, for Sir Hugh Allan, Montreal.
December 1, per Intercolonial Railway, from Delavan, 111., two standard bred
colts for Victor Chateauvert, Quebec.
December 16, per Quebec Central Railway, from Denver, Mass., one mare for
Max. Clement, Quebec.
On December 26, the last cattle left the quarantine and the station closed for
the winter season.
During the winter the men have been kept busy repairing the several buildings
and putting up the hay barn in a more convenient place. Presently they are prepar-
ing the sheds for the opening of navigation.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, J. A. COUTURE,
Ottawa. Inspector.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 175
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
W. H. PETHICK, V.S.
Antigonish, March 31, 1905.
Sir, — In accordance with instructions contained in your letter of March 29, I
have the honour to submit a brief report of the experiments conducted at this station
between November 1, 1905, and March 31, 1906.
In my annual report, which is now in your hands, I gave a detailed record of
the experiments which I had the honour of conducting under your direction during
the year ending October 31, 1905.
The cause of Pictou cattle disease having been clearly demonstrated, as a result
of the experiments above referred to, those were closed out; and although the experi-
ments now in train give promise of important results, yet these have not progressed
far enough for reliable reference. As you are thoroughly informed upon every stage
of the work at this station, I presume that a detailed account is not now required.
I therefore beg liberty to confine myself to a general outline of the experiments now
under way.
An experiment is being conducted with a view of learning if native hay from
which all ragwort plants have been carefully removed can be fed with safety. Three
healthy young cows are being fed twice daily since November 1, 1905, upon clean
native hay of the usual quality, being a mixture of clover, timothy and brown top.
In order to control this experiment, three healthy young cattle are being fed upon
hay of the same kind and quality, but in this instance no care was taken to remove the
ragwort plants growing therewith. The experiments with sheep and goats give pro-
mise of results of practical value.
Pen No. 1.
Four healthy sheep have been fed during the past two winters on native hay con-
taining much ragwort, and have been pastured during the past summer on very weedy
land, and although they have consumed large quantities of ragwort (both green and
dried) appear to be in good health.
Pen No. 2.
Pive healthy ewes, and three lambs were pastured during the past summer on rag-
wort infested land. The object being to learn if possible, when yellow staining of the
flesh supposed to be caused by feeding upon ragwort begins. Several of these animals
have now been slaughtered between July 21 and March 19. Careful post-mortem ex-
amination proved the flesh to be of normal colour. Two animals of the lot are yet
alive and will be slaughtered, with your permission, within the next two months.
Acting upon your instructions I purchased on November 1, forty healthy ewes.
They are divided into two equal lots and confined in suitable pens. One lot (pen No.
3) being kept at the old stable. The other lot (pen No. 4) at the new building. Four
goats are kept with each division. One flock (pen No. 3) receive hay containing a
large amount of ragwort, a small grain ration is allowed since March 1 to ewes with
lamb. The other flock (pen No. 4) are kept under exactly similar conditions, except
that in this case the hay is absolutely free from ragwort.
I believe that it is your wish that as soon as grass and weather permits that these
two lots of animals be subdivided (and after being carefully marked) ten sheep and
two goats of each lot to be fed on weed pasture, while the others are to be kept on land
free from ragwort.
I may just mention that, early in December, all our sheep suffered from infectious
opthahnia. They, however, made a complete recovery, and are feeding well and
appear healthy.
With your authority I purchased on January 23, a mare 8 years old, with a view
of studing ' hepatic cirrhosis ' as affecting the equine species. She is fed twice daily
176 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
6-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
on hay which contains a large proportion of ragwort, this is chopped fine and well
mixed.
A horse that has been at the station for some time is fed upon clean native hay
and will control this experiment.
Some minor experiments with guinea pigs are carefully watched, but so far give
nothing of interest.
In conclusion I may say that since my last report only five cases of cattle disease
have been brought to my notice. These animals were slaughtered and compensation
amounting to $72 recommended.
The winter has been mild and exceptionally healthy, no contagious disease (except
ophthalmia and tuberculosis) has existed in the county.
The usual number of visits for the purpose of investigating suspected outbreaks
have been made.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
W. H. PETHICK,
The Veterinary Director General, Inspector.
Ottawa.
G. TOWNSEND, D.V.S.
New Glasgow, N.S., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I beg to report work on Pictou cattle disease from November 1, 1905, to
March 31, 1906.
In November, 1905, there was one case at Maklefield from then up to the 31st
of this month there has been none, a few reported suspected, but on examination
proved not to be it.
I have the honour to be^ sir.
Your obedient servant,
GEORGE TOWNSEND,
The Veterinary Director General, Inspector.
Ottawa.
E. S. MACDONALD, V.S.
SouRis, Prince Edward Island, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to report that no diseases, of a contagious character,
have appeared in this section since my report of November 1, 1905.
It is satisfactory to note, and no doubt must be pleasing to you, that through
your efforts in determining the cause of Pictou cattle disease the farmers of Prince
Edward Island are being greatly benefited.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
F. S. MACDONALD,
The Veterinary Director General, Inspector.
Ottawa.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 177
SESSIONAL OAPER No. 15a
E. C. THURSTON, D.V.S.
Sydney, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — Herewith I have the honour to submit report of inspection of live stock
dealing with the period between November 1, 1905 and March 31, 1906 : —
Exported to St. Pierre et Miquelon —
Cattle 22
Sheep 62
Swine 34
Imported from Newfoundland —
Horses 7
Total 125
March 5. — Investigated case of suspected glanders at Bras D'Or, proved to be
post pharyngeal abscess as a result of severe attack of influenza.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
E. C. THUESTON,
The Veterinary Director General, Inspector.
Ottawa.
B. B. KILLAM, D.V.S.
Yarmouth, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I leg to submit herewith my report of inspections of live stock made by me
at this port for the five months ending March 31, 1906.
During this period several horses from the United States have entered at this port.
But as they are exempted from inspection I have not kept a tabular sheet. One pig
was held in quarantine which I have reported.
All stock within district are in a healthy condition. There have been no conta-
gious diseases within district.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
B. B. KILLAM,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
E. W. HENRY, V.S.
Fredericton, N.B., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — In reply to your letter of the 29th ult., requesting me to furnish you with a
report of the work done at the port of McAdam, N.B., from November 1, 1905, to
March 31, 1906, I would state :—
15a— 12
178 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
That since my appointment in March, 1905, until the present time, there has not
been any work done by me.
That I have not had any notification of any importation of any stock having been
made at the port of McAdam.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
E. W. HEXRY.
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
V. T. DAUBIGXY, M.V.
TERREBO^-^-E, P.Q., 31 mars 1906.
MoxsEiUR, — J'ai I'honneur de vous adresses le rapport demande par votre lettre du
29 mars, c'est-a-dire du ler novembre au 31 mars dernier.
Pendant ce laps de temps, je n'ai regu aucun avis de votre department se ratta-
chant aux maladies contagieuses des animaux domestiques, mais j'ai ete demande par
des medecins veterinaires pour connaitre mon opinion sur differentes maladies parais-
sant suspectes ; examen fait je n'ai decouvert rien de contagieux.
Durant ces cinq mois, je n'ai pas eu connaissance d'aucune autre affection conta-
gieuse sur les animaux. >
J'ai I'honneur d'etre, monsieur,
Votre tres humble serviteur,
V. T. DAUBIGXY,
Inspecteur.
Directeur Veterinaire General,
Ottawa.
J. D. WHYTE, D.V.S.
Sherbrooke, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you this, my report, for five months, from
Xovember 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906.
GLAXDERS.
During the five months I have inspected and tested with mallein 64 horses, of
which 27 reacted and were destroyed; 1 was destroyed from clinical symptoms only,
making a total of 28 destroyed, the premises being duly quarantined, having to be in-
spected later, as in most places it was impossible to obtain disinfectants to properly
disinfect the premises at the time of destroying the horses, making it necessary to
visit each premises the second time. I also visited three premises and held three
autopsies on horses that had died, being suspected of glanders, but found the deaths
were due to other diseases.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 179
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
MANGE.
I have quarantined three premises, seven horses in all, as follows : — in county of
Beauce, 2 premises, 5 horses; county of Megantic, 1 premises, 2 horses.
INFLUENZA.
I also visited the county of Megantic to investigate a supposed case of glanders,
Jbut which proved to be influenza, one horse having died previous to my visit.
INSPECTION AT PORTS OF ENTRY.
Sherbrooke — Cattle, 1; swine, 1.
Stanstead Junction — Cattle, 1.
Mansonville — Cattle, 1 (this one was also tested).
Cattle tested for export, 3.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
J. D. WHYTE,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
A. A. ETIENNE, M.V.
Montreal, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my report from November 1, 1905, to
March 31, 1906.
During the. past five months I have tested 32 horses with mallein, 20 of which
reacted and were destroyed. Two were destroyed on clinical symptoms only.
A large proportion of these horses that I have destroyed were in Yamaska and
Drummond counties, where several others had been destroyed in previous years.
I have examined three horses clinically. The suspicious symptoms were due to
distemper and pulmonary emphysema.
ANTHRAX.
Upon receiving instruction, I visited the same premises twice in the parish of La
Bale du Febvre, to investigate an outbreak amongst animals that were dying suddenly,
several head having died in a short time. The rest of the herd has been inoculated
with anthrax vaccine, and no deaths have been recorded since December 25, 1905.
December 11, 1905, I was instructed to investigate a complaint that mange existed
in St. Andre d'Argenteuil. After careful investigation I found that the complaint
was not founded on facts.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
A. A. ETIENNE,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
15a— 12i
180 DEPARTMEyT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
J. D. DUCHENE, D.V.S.
Quebec, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honovir to submit to you my report for the five months from No-
vember 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906.
I have tested with mallein 52 horses, of which 23 have been destroyed, some of
them were suffering with clinical symptoms of glanders. Out of this number (62) six
have been examined and tested as suspect cases but were either suffering with catarrh
or bronchitis .
I have also investigated five outbreaks of mange, which are presently quarantined
and undergoing treatment.
I regret to state that the territory between Ste. Marguerite, on the Saguenay river,
and Portneuf, on the St. Lawrence, is badly infected with glanders. This I think is
due to the want of knowledge of the people and bad hygiene.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant
JOHN D. DUCHENE,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
T. E. DUCHENE, V.S.
Chicoutimi, March 31, 1906.
SiR^ — I have the honour to submit to you my report for the time since November
1, 1905, to March 1, 1906.
MANGE.
During that period in the county of Chicoutimi, forty-nine horses were placed
under quarantine, suffering from mange, and twenty-eight farms found infected; ten
of these horses are now relieved. They were all placed under proper treatment.
GLANDERS.
During the same period, in the comity of Chicoutimi, I have tested with mallein
five horses, two were killed and buried, one of them upon clinical symptoms.
In the county of Saguenay, I have tested in the same manner twenty-five horses
and killed two, one upon clinical symptoms.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
THOS. R DUCHENE,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawn.
HEALTH or AXIMALS 181
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
J. O. GUY, M.V.
St. Johks, P.Q., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of stock inspected at Port St. Johns,
Quebec, from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906.
For Import —
Cattle .. 1
Sheep 1
Horse 1
I refused the entry of two pigs, property of a dramatic stock company.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
J. 0. GUY,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
A. Mccormick, d.v.s.
Ormstowx, Que., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to inform you that I have done no work re inspection of
animals in this district during the months of November, December, January, Feb-
ruary and March. There has been no outbreak of any contagious diseases in this dis-
trict since my last report.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
AECH. Mccormick,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
A. SMITH, F.R.C.V.S.
Toronto, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to report that the general health of horses, cattle, sheep
and swine has been good since October 31, and only a few cases of contagious diseases
have been reported, which have been promptly dealt with by the inspectors.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
ANDREW SMITH.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
182 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICCLTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
WM. STUBBS, V.S.
Caledon, March 31, 1906.
SiR^ — rl have the honour to submit this, the continuatiou of my annual report,
commencing on November 1, 1905, and continuing until March 31, 1906.
During this time I have tested with ' tuberculin ' twenty-one head of cattle, two
of which reacted.
I have also tested with ' mallein ' seven horses, none of which reacted.
I have also visited the bams and premises in the counties of Wellington and Grey,
v.'here horses had been destroyed for glanders during the last two years, and found the
animals on these premises to be apparently free from disease.
During this time I have visited several places, where there was reported to be
auspicious cases of glanders, and found the animals to be suffering from other causes.
In the absence of Dr. Stork, I have visited the Toronto market, inspected the
stock, and looked after the disinfecting of any cars arriving from diseased districts.
All of which was duly reported to the department.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
WILLIAM STUBBS,
The Veterinary Director General, Inspector.
Ottawa.
J. H. TENNENT, V.S.
London, March 31. 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you this, my report for the period between
November 1, 1905, and March 31, 1906.
TUBERCULOSIS.
During the time I have tested with tuberculin eighteen head of pure bred cattle
for export to the United States, one of which reacted.
SHEEP SCAB.
With Dr. D. Henderson I visited sixty-six farms in the counties of Middlesex,
Lambton and Kent, on which sheep scab existed during last year. The sheep on each
of these farms had been dipped twice with lime and sulphur dip, and with one excep-
tion the flocks were free from the disease. During the month of January as directed
by the Veterinary Director General, we visited three farms in the township of
Metcalfe, when we found each flock affected with sheep scab, all of which have since
Veen dipped in lime and sulphur dip.
CLEANING AND DISINFECTING CARS.
I have inspected the cleaning and disinfecting of fifty-five cars which carried live
hogs from the quarantined district.
GLANDERS.
With Dr. Geo. W. Orchard, I visited Strood, in the county of Perth, where an
outbreak of glanders existed. Total number of horses destroyed, forty-one, seven of
HEALTH OF AXIilALS 183
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
which were d^troyed on clinical symptoms alone, and thirty-four after being tested
with mallein. We examined a number of other horses clinically, in the neighbourhood,
in most of which cases the suspicious symptoms were due to distemper.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
J. H. TENNENT,
The Veterinary Director General, Inspector.
Ottawa.
W. W. STOEK, V.S.
Brampton, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report as inspector stationed at Toronto,
dealing with the period between Xovember 1, 1905, and March 31, 1906.
I have spent a large portion of the time in and around the city of Toronto visiting
regularly the different stock yards, inspecting stock and supervising the cleansing and
disinfecting of cars belonging to the different railway companies.
Toronto having become of late the distributing centre for large numbers of horses,,
the almost daily shipments coming to the two large sales stables, require the expendi-
ture of considerable time in order to inspect the condition of the incoming stock, and
I have to report that the general health and condition of the animals shipped to
Toronto has ben exceedingly good.
During the past months numerous Ontario horses in transit to Manitoba and the
Territories have been unloaded at Toronto railway yards for feeding and resting pur-
poses, these horses being of good quality and in a thrifty and healthy condition.
TESTING EXPORT CATTLE.
Since November 1, 1905. I have tested with tuberculin 27 head of cattle about to
be exported to the United States.
MAXGE.
The only case of mange in horses coming to my notice is at present quarantined
and being treated successfully.
GLANDERS.
During the period covered by this report I have been called upon to make several
investigations where glanders was reported to exist, but in only 3 cases did I find it
necessary to order the destruction of animals as being infected with the malady, two
of these being isolated cases in Toronto and one in the county of Northumberland.
The number of animals tested and the number condemned is as follows : —
Number tested 8
Number condemned and destroyed 3
The carcasses of those destroyed were disposed of in the regulation manner and the
premises subjected to thorough disinfection.
HOG CHOLERA.
Hogs in this district at least, have been particularly free from disease. During
the period of this report not a single case of cholera making its appearance.
184 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
SHEEP SCAB.
During the month of March a consignment of sheep and lambs was detected in
Toronto market suffering from scab, the animals were quarantined and slaughtered
under inspection, the premises cleansed and disinfected.
These animals were traced to locality from whence they came, all contact animals
quarantined and all necessary precautions taken.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, W. W. STORK.
Ottawa. Inspector.
G. W. HIGGINSON, V.S.
Rockland, March 31, 1906.
Sib, — I have the honour to submit to you a report of work done by me from No-
vember 1, 1905, till March 31, 1906.
Cattle tested with tuberculin for export, 182, 7 of which reacted.
Cattle tested with tuberculin not for export, 112, 9 of which reacted.
Ear-marked five head of cattle, which were tested by other inspectors. Three at
Williamstown, two at Hudson Heights.
GLANDERS.
Have submitted to mallein test 46 head of horses, 15 of which reacted and were
destroyed. Ten of these horses were tested the second time, four of which reacted to
second test.
MANGE m HORSES.
Have put under quarantine and ordered treatment of eight head of horses affected
with mange.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, GEORGE W. HIGGINSON.
Ottawa. Inspector.
M. B. PERDUE, V.S.
Chatham, Ont., March 31, 1906.
Sib, — In accordance with instructions contained in your letter of March 29, I
have the honour to submit following, my report for the period between November 1,
1905, and March 31, 1906 :—
HOG CHOLERA.
There have been four outbreaks involving the slaughter of 54 hogs. Two of these
-outbreaks occurred in Essex county, one in "Wentworth county, and one in the city
of Guelph.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 185
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
There have been 41,262 hogs inspected for shipment, making 428 shipments from
the quarantined district.
During this period I have tested two head of cattle for export purposes.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
M. B. PEEDUE.
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
G. W. ORCHARD, V.S.
Ottawa, March 31, 1906.
Sm, — I Mibmit below a report of work performed by me since October 31, 190.5,
to date. During that period I have tested with mallein 190 horses, of which number
sjxty-seven reacted and were destroyed. At Central Experimental Farm I tested nine
steers, none of which reacted and four cows which did not react.
At Huntingdon, Geo. W. Higginson, V.S., and myself tested 138 Hoktein Friesien
cattle for export to South Africa, three reacted and were earmarked.
I also visited Iroquois and earmarked a cow which reacted in the test conducted
by Dr. Hawarth.
I visited several farms in vicinity of Vankleek Hill, on one of which I found
mange, quarantined farm and ordered treatment, visited a farm under quarantine
for sheep scab at Cataraqui, and finding everything in good health recommended re-
lease from quarantine.
Besides this above I have made a great many examinations of horses in vicinity
of Ottawa for clinical symptoms of glanders, and also visited places in which affected
horses have been stabled and saw that the work of cleansing and disinfection had
b^en thoroughly carried out.
Have also been able to visit the ports of Windsor and Sarnia several times during
this period and beg leave to report that the work there is being carried on without the
former difficulties encountered from the railway officials.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant, .
GEO. W. ORCHARD.
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
A. BROWN", V.S.
Sarxia, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of work done for the Department
of Agriculture from November 1, 1905, until March 31, 1906.
The domestic animals in this localit'^ during the past six months have been gene-
rfilly healthy.
186 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
The following animals and cars have been inspected by me during the past five
months.
For Import —
Cattle 68
Horses 68
Sheep 704
Hogs 134
Buffaloes 2
I returned twenty-one cattle and two Buffaloes, the cattle because not tested by
a proper authority, and the buffalo because I was unable to test them with tuber-
culin. I also returned eight hogs because they were unaccompanied with proper health
certificates.
Number of cars inspected containing hogs at Gr. T. R. Station. 886
Number found in unsatisfactory condition 20
Number of cars inspected containing hogs at P. M. Station. . 412
Number found in unsatisfactory condition 14
The cars and stock coming from the United States going through Canada in
bond, have shown a marked improvement regarding loading and cleanliness during the
past six months.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, ARTHIJR BEOWN,
Ottawa. Inspector.
F. A. JONES, V.S.
"Windsor, Oxt., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of stock inspected at Windsor quar-
antine station from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906.
There have been no diseased animals in quarantine, other animals requiring
'inspection were in a healthy condition.
The following is a statement of animals received into quarantine, also stock requir-
ing inspection : —
For import —
Horses 28
Cattle 53
Hogs 6
For export —
Sheep 354
Cattle 53
Inspection at Detroit stock yards for admittance in bond for immediate
slaughter : —
Hogs 6,699
I have the honour to be, sir,
Yo\ir obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, F. A. JONES,
Ottawa. Inspector.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 187
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
M. PHILPS, V.S.
Bridgeburg, Oxt., March 31, 1906.
Sm, — I have the honour to submit herewith as requested the report of work done by
me from November 1, 1905, until March 31, 1906. The exports were as follows : —
Lambs and sheep 55,888 to East Buffalo.
" 973 to England and Scotland.
Cattle 257 to England and Scotland.
Imports were as follows : —
Hogs 21,745
Sheep 39
Cattle 2
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
M. PHILPS,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
W. LAWSOX, V.S.
DuNDAS, March 31, 1906.
SiE, — I have the honour to submit herewith report of work performed by me during
the period from my engagement on Xovember 23, 1905, to March 31, 1906. According
to your instructions I reported for duty on November 24, and received directions from
you as to my future work. I returned to Dundas on the 25th and made preparations to
leave for the Pacific coast. I arrived in company with Dr. Moore at Vancouver on
December 4, and assisted in testing horses with mallein. On December 10, I was
instructed to proceed to the Chilliwack district, where an outbreak of hog cholera had
been reported. I killed 109 affected and contact hogs and also tested 5 horses for
glanders.
On December 22, 1905, I returned to Vancouver and assisted in controlling the
outbreak of glanders there. I returned to Chilliwack again on January 11, as other
cases of hog cholera were reported. I found a small outbreak and destroyed 45 contact
hogs, returning to Vancouver on January 19, and was here engaged in the work in con-
nection with glanders until March 13 when I was called to Ottawa.
My work here has been confined to visiting quarantined premises to ascertain if
disinfection had been carried out according to regulations. I investigated a reported
outbreak of hog cholera, which proved not to be a disease of a contagious nature, but
caused by dietetic errors.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
WM. LAWSON.
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
183
DEPARTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
J. K. THOE^E, V.S.
Wallaceburg, Ont., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — In pursuance of your circular of March 29, 1906, I beg to report as follows
on the work done between the first day of November, 1905, and March 31, 1906: —
During the period above named there have been no cases of hog cholera or swine
plague; on December 26, 1905, I inspected premises in the Gore of the township of
Chatham, in the county of Kent, which had been under quarantine for hog cholera,
and, finding that the premises had been properly disinfected, I advised the raising
of the quarantine.
I have inspected twenty shipments, comprising 2,450 hogs, for immediate slaughter
at the packing houses and found them all in a healthy condition.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
J. E. THOEXE.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
Inspector.
J. KIME, Jr., V.S.
Chatham, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of inspection from November 1, 1905,
to March 31, 1906.
I have inspected twelve cars of hogs for shipment. The total number of hogs
shipped being 960.
Yours truly,
JOSEPH KIME, Jr.
Insyector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
W. B. EOWE, V.S.
Blexheim, Oxt., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of work done for the department from
November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906.
During this period I inspected at various shipping points in the quarantined dis-
trict 79 cars containing 5,T3S fat hogs for immediate slaughter and consigned to
various packing, houses.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
W. B. EOWE,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
HEALTH OF AXIMALS 189
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
D. HENDERSON, V.S.
Glencoe, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to report, that in pursuance of your directions, on or about
December 12, 1905, Dr. J. H. Tennent, veterinary inspector of London, and myself,
made a joint inspection of all the farms that were quarantined for sheep scab, in the
counties of Middlesex, Kent and Lambton. We made a thorough investigation and
found sheep scab among three flocks.
We quarantined the respective farms, and ordered the sheep to te thoroughly
treated in lime and sulphur dip.
I afterwards superintended the dipping of sheep on two occasions.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, D. HENDERSON,
Ottawa. Inspector.
T. E. WATSON, V.S.
Niagara Falls South, Ont., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you a report of animals inspected by me
during the previous five months ending March 31, 1906 : —
Horses 59
Mules 8
Cattle 6
Sheep 4
All of which were in good condition and found to be healthy.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, T. E. WATSON.
Ottawa. Inspector.
D. McALPINE, D.V.S.
Brockville, Ont., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — During the five months ending March 31, I have issued certificates for the
following animals in export : — Thirty-seven head of cattle, one sheep, one hog, and
two calves. .
On February 13, there was reported at my office, a horse suffering in the vicinity
of Algonquin, with supposed mange, which on investigation proved to be a skin
trouble of an uncontagious character, due to the filthy condition of the premises.
I have the honou^ to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, D. McALPINE,
Ottawa. Inspector.
190 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
J. B. HOLLINGSWOKTH, D.V.S.
Ottawa, Ont., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I beg to submit herewith my report from November 1, 1905, to March 31,
1906.
Instructed to go to Shawville, Que., suspected glanders, I tested horse with mal-
lein and got no reaction.
I also assisted Dr. Moore in dealing with an outbreak of glanders in Ottawa. I
nave also inspected cars which had contained live hogs for immediate slaughter
and found cars had been properly cleaned and disinfected.
I am pleased to state that diseases of a contagious nature in this vicinity are
very few.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
J. B. HOLLINGSWORTH,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
G. H. BEL AIRE, V.S.
V Pembroke, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — According to instructions, I have the honour to submit to you a report of
my work done during the period between November 1, 1905 and March 31, 1906.
On November 27, an outbreak of glanders was reported in the township of Chi-
chester, Que. Acting on instructions, I visited that place and aicer a careful ex-
amination tested three horses with mallein, none of which reacted. The cause of the
suspected glanders was a brown mare showing a slight frothy discharge from nostrils
due to heaves in the chronic form.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
GEO. H. BELAIRE.
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
WILLIAM C. McGUIRE, D.V.S.
CoRXWALL, Oxt., March, 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to sumit my annual report for the six mouths ended March
31, 1906.
I have submitted to the tuberculin test during this time, thirty-three head of cattle
of which three reacted. The health of annnals in this district has been very good.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
W. C. McGUIRE,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
HEALTH OF AXIilALS 191
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
D. McKERCHER, V.S.
Peterborough, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to make report from November 1 till March 31, as fol-
lows : —
I have made an examination of seven cars of hogs consigned to Peterborough.
I have had no contagious diseases during this period.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
D. McKERCHER.
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
J. H. GEORGE, V.S.
IXGERSOLL, OxT., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — Reporting as to the health of animals in this district, I am pleased to state
we have not suffered from an outbreak of any contagious disease for the past year.
I had two cases of cerebrospinal meningitis on a farm near Avon in Middlesex county.
In my opinion the disease was caused by grasses harvested from low lying and un-
drained lands subject to water overflows, spring and fall.
I have tested forty-eight horses • for glanders, those horses were piu*chased by
parties in Vancouver, and were subjected to the mallein test and not one showed the
slightest taint of the disease. Showing that the western buyers are alive as to pro-
tection.
In my opinion the Health of Animals Branch is doing a good work in strictly
inforcing the quarantine regulations.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
J. H. GEORGE,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
E. S. ROGERS, V.S.
Sault Ste. Marie, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the period between November 1,
1905, and March 31, 1906.
Of contagious diseases there has been none with the exception of typhoid in-
fluenza among the horses. However, it does not seem to be as prevalent as in former
years.
Importations from across the line are very light at this point, there having been
only two cattle imported at this point during the last four months.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
E. S. ROGERS
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
192 DEPARTMEST OP ACRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 19C8
H. J. LUXDY, V.S.
Emo, Ont., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — There have been two head of cattle passed into this district to both of
which applied the tuberculin test on and found them free from contagious disease.
This is all the stock which has passed through up to March 31.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
H. J. LUNDY,
' Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
C. D. McGILVRAY, M.D.V.
Winnipeg, Man., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith report on control work done in con-
nection with the contagious diseases of animals for a period of five months extending
from Xovember 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906, inclusive.
GLANDERS.
I have during the above period submitted to a first mallein test 328 animals (con-
sisting of 302 horses and 26 mules) of which it was necessary to slaughter 138 animals
(112 horses and 26 mules) on account of reacting typically to the test. Out of this
number slaughtered 61 were showing clinical symptoms of glanders, the remainder 77
were contact infected animals which reacted typically to the test. Six horses were
submitted to a second mallein test, of which one was slaughtered as result of reacting
typically to a second test, it had also developed clinical symptoms.
MANGE OF HORSES.
Xo new outbreak of mange has been dealt with by me during the above period.
However have still six horses under quarantine from last year. This disease is now
apparently well under control in Manitoba.
TUBERCULOSIS.
I have submitted to the tuberculin test three head of pure bred cattle for export
to the United States, these were healthy and did not react to the test. Seven head of
pure bred cattle imported from the United States were submitted to the tuberculin
test, four of which reacted to the test.
The health of animals in general throughout the province of Manitoba has been
good during the past winter.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
C. D. McGILVRAY.
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS . 193
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a .
J. P. MOLLOY, M.D.V.
Morris, Man., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to report that beginning I^ovember 1, 1905, and ending
March 31, 1906, that I have submitted to the mallein test 330 horses for a first time,
28 horses for a second time, 2 for a third time.
Eighty-nine horses were destroyed as a result of a first test, none were destroyed
as a result of a second test, and two were destroyed on December 11 as a result of
having reacted a third time.
Forty one of the 89 were clinical, and the remainder contact cases.
Nine of the 28 tested a second time were first tested prior to November 1, 1905,
as were also the two tested a third time.
MANGE.
Twenty-four horses inspected and quarantined for mange, the property of two
different parties, and are still in quarantine.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
J. P. MOLLOY,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa,
C. LITTLE, V.S.
Winnipeg, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you my report of animals inspected from
November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906.
Imported from the United States as follows: —
Horses 2,420
Mules 105
Cattle 1,402
Sheep 10
glanders.
I have examined thirteen horses for glanders, tested ten, one of which I des-
troyed. The three others I destroyed being clinical.
tuberculosis.
I tested two pure-bred bulls being exported to United States and found them
healthy.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
CHAS. LITTLE.
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
15a— 13
194 • DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
P. A. ROBINSON, V.S.
Emerson, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — rAs requested, I beg to report the work done for past five mouths at this
port. During that time I have inspected 465 horses. 175 cattle, four sheep and five
swine belonging to settlers. Also 315 horses, 18 cattle on which fees have been col-
lected.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, P. A. EOBINSOX,
Ottawa. Inspector.
W. LESLIE, V. S.
Melita, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — In compliance with your request, I submit my report up to and including
March 31, 1906, as follows:—
Horses and cattle passed cvistoms at the port of Melita —
Horses 55
Cattle 7
Of the above, twenty-four horses and seven cattle were settlers effects and thirty-
one horses were imported for sale.
I have had two outbreaks of glanders since my October report. Thirteen
were given the mallein test, and the reactors, seven in number, were destroyed.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, W. LESLIE,
Ottawa. Inspector.
W. LITTLE, V.S.
BoissEVAix, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of animak insijected by
me at the customs ports of Deloraine and Killarney, Man., during the months begin-
ning November 1, 1905, and ending March 31, 1906 : —
Animals insi>ected at Deloraine —
Horses, 174; mules, 3; cattle 107.
Animals inspected at Killarney —
Horses, 203; mules, 16; cattle 142; sheep, 6.
AU the above were entered as settlers' effects.
Of the above, three horses and four cattle entered for sale. Nine horses were en-
tered for breeding pur]X)ses, and 71 horses and 14 mules were entered for railroad con-
struction work. The balance of all animals were entered as settlers' effects.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, W. LITTLE,
Ottawa. Inspector.
HEALTH OF AXIMALS 195
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
J. A. STEVENSON, Y.S.
Carmax, Man., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — According to instructions received in letter dated March 29, I herewith send
report from November 1, till March 31, 1906.
Everything has been fairly quiet in my district. There have been thi'ee reports
of glanders sent in which have been dealt with from Winnipeg, the outcome I do not
know.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General JAS. A. STEVENSON,
Ottawa. Inspector.
Eegina, March 31, 1906.
Sir,— I have the honour to submit, herewith, my annual report for the five months
ended March 31, 1906, on the work performed in the provinces of Alberta and Sas-
katchewan, for the Health of Animals Branch of the Department of Agriculture, by
the veterinary staff under my directions, together with the reports of the undermen-
tioned inspectors, as follows : —
General report. Inspector Burnett, Vet. Surgeon, E.N.W.M. Police.
Battleford District. Vet. Staif-Sergt. Meakings.
Calgary District. Vet. Staff-Sergt. McVeigh. Dr. P. K. Walters, V.S.
Edmonton District, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Sweetapple.
Lethbridge District, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Gallivan, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Johnston, Vet.
Staff-Sergt. Greenwood.
Maple Creek District, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Littlehales, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Dennis, Dr.
HargTave, V.S.
Macleod District, Vet. Staff-Sergt. White, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Douglas, Dr.
Warnock. M.E.C.V.S.
Prince Albert District, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Mountford.
Eegina District, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Grey, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Pinhom, Vet. Staff-
Sergt. Mitchell, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Ayre, Vet. Staff-Sergt. Olsen,
The veterinary staff employed is as follows : —
Veterinary surgeons, members of R.N.W.M. Police 17
" " civil practitioners 3
In addition to the above, civil practitioners have been temporarily employed at
Eegina, Battleford, and Calgary, where the i^ermanent staff was unable to cope with
the work. The staff is distributed as follows : —
At ports of entry, 6, viz. : North Portal, Wood Mountain, Willow Creek, Pendant
^'Oreille, Coutts, and Twin Lakes.
Eegina District 5
Prince Albert 1
Battleford 1
Edmonton 1
Calgary 2
Macleod 1
Lethbridge 1
Maple Creek 2
15a— 13*
196 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
The area of the two provinces is so great, and the importation of stock so heavy,
that I have found it impossible to meet and deal with aU outbreaks of disease in an
effective manner. I realize that every report should be investigated without delay
and prompt action taken, but with the limited veterinary staff, this was not possible.
Every member has worked incessantly, and some I know have been despondent
because they could not cope with their work.
In my opinion the staff must be largely increased. If veterinary surgeons of the
proper stamp cannot be secured imder the present arrangements for pay, 6:c.. then
such a substantial increase of pay should be given as will secure their services.
I need not dwell on the importance of eradicating disease in the new provinces,
nor of the difficulties we encounter, as you are quite familiar with the conditions.
As in my previous report, the chief contagious and infectious diseases with which
we have had to deal are: In horses, glanders and maladie du coit; and in cattle,
mange.
GLANDERS.
Conditions have not changed with regard to this disease. We are still fighting in
every portion of the new provinces, but principally in Southeastern and Central Sas-
katchewan.
The ignorance of horse owners is lamentable. Livery stable owners have kept in
their stables horses in advanced stages of glanders, spreading the disease broadcast
throughout their districts without even a suspicion entering their heads that the dis-
ease might be glanders, although they must have known that glanders was in the
country. The owner of a large band of horses acknowledged to having the disease in
his band for years, and continued to sell his horses which were taken far and wide.
Several convictions have been secured, but more convictions and severer penalties
will have to be inflicted until the owners of horses waken up to the danger.
MALADIE DU COIT.
Our inspectors are vigorously combating this disease which is found only in
Southern Alberta, with one exception in Saskatchewan at Rush Lake.
• MANGE. '
The compulsory dipping of last season has been of great benefit.
Isolated cases of mange have been found in all the area covered by the dipping
order, but most of the cases have occurred in that portion of the Calgary district
where owners opposed dipping or dipped carelessly.
By your authority, range riders were employed during the winter months to ride
the range and locate mangy animals. The services of these riders have been valuable.
Is a compulsory dipping order to be enforced this year { This is a question which
is being asked. Opinion is divided. The benefits which have been conferred on the
cattle industry by the compulsory dipping of 1904 and 1905 are acknowledged by all.
Many say that as their herds are now clean, why then should they dip. Others say
that although conditions have much improved, still as there are isolated cases of mange
here and there, compulsory dipping is necessary to keep the disease in check and that
if dipping is neglected, in a year or two conditions will be as they were in 1903-4.
It is a question of great importance, and I trust that a correct solution will be
reached on the occasion of your next visit to the west.
I am of opinion that the stock growers recognize that you are anxious to do what
is best for their interests.
They recognize that the Department of Agriculture has spent money freely and
that the result has been most advantageous.
I have to thank the veterinary staff for their unflagging zeal in carrying on their
duties.
HEALTH OF AXniALS 197
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
I wish also to thank you for your support and encouragement given to the
veterinary staff in carrying out their very important duties.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
A. BOWEN PEERY,
Commissioner.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa,
J. F. BURXETT, V.S.
Eegina, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my report for the Department of
Agriculture for the five months ending March 31, together with those of the follow-
ing inspectors.
Sweetapple, C. H. H.. Fort Saskatchewan.
Mitchell, W., Xorth Portal.
Mountford, J. .J., Prince Albert.
Johnston, H. J., Coutts.
Whit€, S. A. K., Macleod.
Gray, F., Eegina.
McVeigh, C. H., Calgary.
Gallivan, M. V.. Lethbridge.
Littlehales, J. E.. Maple Creek.
Douglas, A. E., Twin Lakes.
Greenwood, E. S., Wild Horse.
Dennis, A. E., Willow Creek.
Pinhorn, G., Eegina.
All of the Eoyal North West Mounted Police.
Hargrave, J. C, Medicine Hat.
Warnock, D.. Pincher Creek.
Walters^ P. K., Okotoks.
Civil practitioners.
The work of the department has progressed in as satisfactory a manner as could
be expected with the limited number of inspectors employed, the great drawback be-
ing that there are not enough to permit of every case reported being promptly
attended to. This country is filling up so rapidly, that naturally the demand for the
services of veterinary inspectors is increasing. This time last year. Staff Sergeants
Mitchell, Busselle, Olsen and Dennis were working out of Eegina, while at present
there are only two, Staff-Sergeants Gray and Pinhorn. Staff-Sergeant Dennis had
ix> be called in on account of his health, and Staff-Sergeant Busselle is in hospital
with no immediate prospect of his being returned to duty.
Glanders the most wide5j»read and prevalent disease we have to contend with is
occupying the greater part of our time and attention, and while certain districts
appear to have got rid of it, there are cases being continually reported from some of
the most thickly settled parts of the country. In the country traversed by the Soo
line, inspectors have been working for months, and no sooner do we begin to think
that we have cleaned it up than a fresh outbreak is reported, this may be accounted
198 DEPARTMEyi OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 190S
for from the fact that a large number of American horses have been taken into that
country.
A very .serious outbreak of glanders occurred among the horses of ' C ' Division,
Royal Northwest Mounted Police, Battleford, all horses belonging to the division
were tested with the result that it was found necessary to destroy eleven. It is impos-
sible to say where the first animal infected contracted the disease, as the horses were sent
to that post from all parts of the country, and as many of them were used in patrol-
ing, they were put in all kinds and conditions of stables. Another outbreak occurred
among the police horses stationed in the Yorkton district, a large percentage of which
it was found necessary to destroy, and while the testing of these horses was being
carried out a number of other cases were brought to the notice of the inspector
employed, it being impossible now to say when he will be through. The outbreak
cannot be traced to its source, biit I am of the opinion that the infection was car-
ried into that district by horses used on the construction of the Canadian Northern
Railway.
MALADIE DU COIT^
Since the rendering of the last annual report a number of new cases of this
disease have been discovered by our inspectors, one lot of infected animals being in
a bunch brought from the States. This disease has temporarily injured the horse
breeding interests of the west, I say temporarily for I believe it will be the means
of doing away with a good deal of haphazard breeding. Owners will keep smaller
bunches, will keep their horses in properly fenced pastures, and when they have to
go to this expense, they will want a better class of animal. Owners of mares are
complaining that they cannot get their mares bred as the owners of stallions refuse
them unless they can furnish a certificate of health, while veterinary surgeons refuse
to give such certificates, as it is not always possible to say whether an animal is in-
fected or not, the result will be that in future the business will be carried on with
more intelligence and care,
HORSE MANGE.
This disease appears to be well in hand at present, no serious outbreak having
been reported .since last report. The cases now brought to our notice, are principally
among farmers horses where the disease is easily controlled and there is little danger
of it spreading.
CATTLE MANGE.
Since the expiration of the time in which the compulsory dipping order was
enforced, a number of cases have been reported from certain districts, while in other
parts the affection appears to have entirely disappeared. On the whole, an immense
improvement in the condition of the range is noticeable, and so far as I can learn
deaths during the winter have been practically nil.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
JXO. F. BURNETT,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
HEALTH OF AXIMALS 199
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
t
C. H. SWEETAPPLE, V.S.
Port Saskatchewan, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to forward the following annual report of services per-
formed for the Department of Agricuhure for the year ending March 31, 1906.
Of the contagious and infectious diseases which have occurred most frequently
in the past, glanders has prevailed most extensively and in almost every locality, but
I am now able to report that only two outbreaks have come to my notice, and neither
of these could be traced to localities where this disease had previously occurred.
Pifty-six mules, which were at work on the Canadian Northern Railway con-
struction, were tested for glanders in the latter part of November, 1905, and of these
two reacted and were destroyed, presenting no siispicious symptoms of glanders.
Small outbreaks of glanders also occurred at Morningside and Ponoka. These
were promptly dealt with in accordance with the regulations.
I examined about seventy-five head of horses which were supposed to have came
from locality in Montana, where maladie du coit was supposed to exist, but none of
these animals presented any symptoms of this disease.
Mange has made its appearance near Ponoka, but as it is among a small number
of cattle it will no doubt be stamped out at once.
Only one case of tuberculosis has come under my notice and the disease was in
an advanced stage so animal was destroyed by the owner on being informed of the
nature of the disease, and the condition of the animal which could not live but short
time.
Black quarter has made its appearance in almost every locality and has proved
1 very serious loss to many of the settlers.
Vaccination is becoming quite general among the more intelligent settlers, but
there are still a few who resort to the old method of mutilating their animals as a
preventive.
Influenza has been quite general in this district but losses have been slight as it
has usually been of a benign character.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, C. H. H. SWEETAPPLE,
Ottawa. Veterinary Siaff-Sergt.
W. MITCHELL, V.S.
North Portal, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour, in compliance with your instructions, to forward this re-
port of quarantine work performed at North Portal during the five months ending the
31st ulto.
And, obviously, at a boundary point like this, especially at this season of the
year, the character of the work performed has consisted almost exclusively in inspect-
ing incoming settlers' goods. Indeed to such an extent has this been the case during
the interval in question that of a total of 6,166 horses inspected, only 577 were the pro-
perty of others than actual settlers. And of these latter it might be remarked that,
with the exception of a few stragglers brought across the line by adjacent Canadian
residents for their own use, they consisted principally of aged workhorses of inferior
quality from southern points brought in in carload lots of eighteen to twenty, and,
with the exception of one lot consigned to Qu'Appelle, were consigned to Moosejaw
and intermediate points on the ' Soo ' line.
200 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 ^DWARD VII., A. 1^06
Of mules, 358 animals were inspected and with scarcely an exception, consisted
of settlers' stock.
Of cattle, a total of 1,962 animals were inspected and, with the exception of one
carload of registered Herefords imported for breeding purposes, and one Holstein bull
calf consigned by express to a Canadian purchaser, were exclusively settlers' stock.
In the case of sheep and swine, however, possibly less than a dozen each reached
the international line, and these their owners elected to dispose of in Portal, North
Dakota, at fair prices rather than incur the expenses incidental to quarantining, to-
gether with the subsequent express charges implied in forwarding them to their re-
spective owners.
In conclusion tliis following brief summary of the work performed might be in-
serted : —
Horses 6,166
Mules 358
Cattle 1,962
Sheep
Swine
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, W. MITCHELL,
Ottawa. Veterinary 8taff-Sergt.
J. J. MOUNTFOED, V.S.
Prince Albert, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of the work done by me
for the Department of Agriculture from November 1, 1905, until March 31, 1906.
I administered the mallein test to seventy-three head of horses, forty of these
stood the test, thirty-three reacted to the test and were destroyed. Twenty head of
horses were showing diagnostic symptoms of glanders, and were destroyed without be-
ing tested.
Eleven cases of mange in horses came to my notice, ten of the above have been
treated successfully and released from quarantine. One is still isolated and under
treatment.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, J. J. MOUNTFOED,
Ottawa. Veterinary Staff-Sergt.
S. A. K. WHITE, V.S.
MACLEOD, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to forward the following report of services performed for
the Department of Agriculture, from November 1. 1905, to March 31, 1906 : —
During the month of November I was stationed at Twin Lakes, examining import
stock, and looking after the carrying out of the mange dipping order. I was laid off
duty through sickness from November 30, 1905, to March 4, 1906 ; returning to"
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 201
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Macleod upon recovery. Mj time has since been fully occupied, in inv«stigating sus-
picious cases of contagious disease, and the inspection of animals for shipment, having
examined 199 horses and 72 cattle for this purpose.
I have also destroyed three horses affected with glanders, and have detected a
number of cases of mange, which were dealt with according to the regulations.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
S. A. K WHITE,
Veterinary Staff Sergt.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
A. E. DOUGLAS, D.V.S.
Twin Lakes, Alta., March 31, 1906.
SiR^ — I have the honour to forward herewith the following report of services per-
formed for the Department of Agriculture from November 1, 1905, to March 31,
1906 :—
During the month of Xovember a great part of my time was taken up in connec-
tion with compulsory dipping operations, and clerical work.
Shipments of stock were frequent, which necessitated a considerable amount of
travelling. I inspected 339 horses for shipment.
During December I tested three horses for glanders. One reacted and was de-
stroyed. I also examined twenty-five horses and a band of cattle and found them free
from disease.
I inspected 186 horses for shipment.
During January I quarantined three horses for mange, and also saw several
cattle affected with that disease. I inspected and held for further test one mare sus-
pected of being affected with glanders. I inspected 109 horses and fifty-eight cattle
for shipment.
In February I tested thirty-four horses with mallein, of which six reacted and
T.-ere destroyed. I inspected seventy-four head of horses and thirty-five cattle for ship-
ment. On February 22 I was transferred to this detachment from Macleod, since
which I have inspected 127 import horses.
In March I quarantined twelve horses as being affected with mange, and inspected
seventy-nine horses and fifty-two cattle for shipment.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
A. E. DOUGLAS,
Veterinary Staff Sergt.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
E. A. MEAKINGS, M.D.V.
Battleford, March 31, 1906.
Sm, — I have the lionour to forward report of quarantine work performed by me
from November 1, 1905, till March 31, 1906 :—
202
BEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
I am pleased to say that almost all cases of mange previously reported have been
successfully treated, but there are three fresh cases in this district at present; all are
responding to treatment readily.
An outbreak of glanders I regret to say occurred in the police stables here, this
was first noticed in the form of farcy buttons, all horses in the division were forth-
with tested and a reaction followed, in a large majority these reactors were destroyed
and stables were thoroughly disinfected. Xo other outbreaks have occurred with the
exception of Paynton at which place five were destroyed, these, however, were reactors
of long standing.
I am pleased to state that I find the settlers realize the seriousness of this disease
and most of them report at once any suspicious symptoms that may be found.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
E. A. MEAKIXGS,
Veterinary Staff Sergt.
J. E. LITTLEHALES, D.V.S.
Maple Creek, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report of work performed for the
Department of Agriculture from October 31, 1905, to March 31, 1906.
Number of miles travelled —
Train 1.090 and return
Trail 430
Stock inspected —
Horses imported 201
Cattle imported 291
Horses exported 356
Cattle 1,944
The horses and cattle exported were inspected at different points on the line, be-
tween Suffield, Alta., and Waldeck, Sask.
The above importations were inspected at Maple Creek until a veterinary inspec-
tor was stationed at Willow Creek port of entry.
GLAXDERS.
Horses tested, 12; destroyed after reacting, 3; destroyed showing clinical symp-
toms, 3.
Glanders seems to be slightly on the increase, although it has not spread to any
great extent yet, but cases turn up every now and again. Most of the cases have been
among horses in the district north of Herbert.
MANGE.
There have been very few cases of mange reported among cattle during the year,
what few that have been diseased have been promptly gathered and treated.
The Canadian Land and Ranch Company of Crane Lake had about fifteen dis-
eased animals, but these have been treated and cured. There are several ranchers in the
HEALTH OF AXIMALS 203
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Skull Creek district who have had their cattle quarantined all winter on account of not
complying properly with the dipping orders, these people have been ordered to dip their
cattle this spring. I have inspected their cattle several times during the winter, but
have found no cases of mange among them. Last year's dipping seems to have cleaned
the country of mange very thoroughly, and most of the ranchers are anxious for the
compulsory dipping again this year, in order to rid the country of the few remaining
cases. This last winter has been an exceptionally good one and all cattle are in good
health and condition. I have had no horse mange reported to me during the year.
The health of sheep in this district seems to be very satisfactory, as no disease has
been reported during the year.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, J. E. LITTLEHALES,
Ottawa. Veterinary Staff Sergt.
A. E. DENNIS, V.S.
Willow Creek. March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to forward report on quarantine work done on Soo line
and Souris line from Moosejaw round to Gainsborough from October 31, 1905, to
March 11, 1906. In that time I tested about one hundred and eighty-five horses, out
of that number, I destroyed thirty-two for glanders and quarantined quite a num-
ber of horses for mange. Especially south of the Soo line near the Hills. I only
came across two cattle with mange and one of them died and the other one is isolated.
On March 11, left the Soo line for Kegina. On March 25, left Regina for
Maple Creek en route for Willow Creek and arrived here on March 29, 1906. I have
not inspected any stock up to date, at this port of entry.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, A. E. DENNIS,
Ottawa. Veterinary Staff Sergt.
E. S. GEEENWOOD, V.S.
PexdajST d'Oreille, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my report of inspections at this port
of entry together with a brief report of other work performed for the Department of
Agricialture in the outlying district allotted to me for the five months ending March
31, 1906.
The number and classes of animals imported from the United States which have
been inspected and allowed to enter at this port of entry as follows : —
Horses "03
Cattle 87
204
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
MANGE.
That part of the district set apart for me to work was a portion of the country
coming under the compulsory dipping order of 1905. This compulsory dipping has
had a decidedly good effect, having almost completely eradicated this disease in this
district. Since the expiration of the compulsory dipping season, I have mad© numerous
visits to the different ranchers of my district trying to locate if possible, any cases
of mange, up to this time I have only found sixteen cases, the reports of which have
been forwarded to you from time to time. Ranchers here seen to be fully aware of
the seriousness of this disease, and give every assistance possible to stamp it out.
GLAXDERS.
During the last week in March while inspecting a bunch of horses belonging to
a rancher in this district, I came across seven horses showing clinical symptoms of
glanders. I have quarantined these and all contact animals, also horses on the
adjoining ranch. All those horses will be subjected to the mallein test and disposed
of according to the regulations. With the exception of this outbreak no other cases of
glanders have appeared in this district.
MALADIE DU COIT.
During the summer of 1905, this disease appeared on one of the ranches in this
district, but I am pleased to say is now thought to be completely stamped out. During
the past month I have inspected all the available mares, and have made arrangements
for a close inspection of the entire herd.
With the exception of the above, no contagious disease has appeared among stock
in the district.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
E. S. GREENWOOD,
Veterinary Staff Sergt.
H. M. GRAY, M.D.V.
Kamsack, Sask., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to herewith inclose report of work performed by me from
November 1, to March 31, 1906.
The greater part of my time I have been employed in southern and northeastern
Saskatchewan. The contagious disease most met with was glanders. A quite serious
outbreak occurred at Stony Creek the end of January, which at the present time is
well under control.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
H. M. GRAY,
Veterinary Staff Sergt.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS
205
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
H. J. JOHXSTOX, V.S.
CouTTS, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my report of work done for the
Department of Agriculture, from Xovember 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906.
I am pleased to be able to state that, in this locality we are free from all diseases
of a contagious or infectious character, not even a case of mange having been reported
to me by any of the ranchers since dipping season closed last October,
Number of animals imported: —
Horses 1,722
Mules 5
Cattle 385
Sheep 27
Swine 1
Total exports —
Horses 51
Cattle 1,308
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
H. J. JOHNSTON,
Veterinary Staff Sergt.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
M. Y. GALLIYAN, Y.S.
Lethbridge, Alta., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to forward this my report of work done for the Depart-
ment of Agriculture dealing with the period from Xovember 1, 1905, to end of our
year on March 31, 1906.
I have in that time examined for shipment 2,124 cattle, 18 mules and 549 horses.
I found it necessary to reject thirty mares on account of maladie du coit, which re-
duces the number of horses shipped to 519. I have had to exercise extra care in
examining mares on account of the prevalence of this disease. I therefore did not
think it advisable to allow any mare to be shipped that exhibited the slightest
symptom.
I have made a number of trips to different parts to attend to mares and stallions
affected with the above disease, the worst and largest number of cases were found in
and around Sterling, Alta. A grade Percheron stallion stood for service in Sterling
last year and communicated the disease to a large number of mares. The mares served
by this stallion during the season of 1904 seem to be in good health, it therefore
seems that the stallion contracted the disease during the early part of last years
breeding season. This stallion was slaughtered a few weeks ago on the premises of
owner.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
M. V. GALLITAN,
Veterinary Staff Sergt.
206 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
N. P. OLSEN, V.S.
Wood Mountaix, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on quarantine work per-
formed by me from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906 : —
During the first month of this period I was working in the Medicine Hat District,
my duties being in connection with compulsory dipping of cattle in Dipping District
'No. 13. This, owing to unavoidable delays was not completed until the latter part of
November.
About Decembepr 1, I took over the duties of veterinary staff-.sergeant at thi^ port
of entry.
BOUNDARY INSPECTION.
Records kept in thi^ office show the following animals entered here and inspected
by ex-StafP-Sergt. Perry during December, 1905: —
Horses 19 head.
Cattle 19 "
From December 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906, the following animals were inspected
by me, passed as healthy and entered here : —
Horses 25
Cattle 1
Sheep 7
GLANDERS.
I regret to report that this disease is prevalent in this locality. During the past
v^inter I have destroyed fourteen affected horses, thirteen of these were w'hen destroyed
exhibiting clinical symptoms. At present a herd of range horses, comprising about
500 head are under quarantine near Willow Bunch, they will be subjected to the
anallein test as soon as the squeezers and corrals now under construction on the quar-
antined premises are completed.
MANGE.
Dipping being optional in this district, last year no animals were treated. Mange
appeared amongst the cattle in about 'fifty per cent of the herds during the winter,
and was dealt with in accordance with the regulations relating to this disease. The
stock being as a resvilt of the excellent conditiou of the range and mild nature of the
winter, in a vigorous state of health suffered very little from the disease.
Xo other diseases of a contagious or infectious nature have come under, my ob-
servation.
I have the honour to be., sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, N". P. OLSEN,
Ottawa. Veterinary -Staff Sergt.
c. H. McVeigh, v.s.
Calgary, Alta., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my report of work done for the
Department of Agriculture for that portion of the year commencing November 1,
1905, ending March 31, 1906, «
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 207
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Cattle mange has been almost eradicated by the compulsory mange dipping order.
Scarcely any mange is reported from the district north of Calgary, but I am sorry to
state it seems prevalent to some extent through the High River district. Arrange-
ments are now being made to dip these cattle this spring. The total number of stock
inspected for shipment are as follows : —
Horses. Cattle.
November, 1905 290 733
December, 1905 211 428
January, 1906 119 532
February, 190G 177 631
March, 1906 393 1,037
Total 1,190 3,.361
Glanders is still to be found throughout this district, twenty-six horses have been
destroyed during this period at a compensation value of $1,865.99, twelve of these were
destroyed by P. K. Walters, V.S.. thirteen by C. H. McVeigh, V.S., and one bv A.
Hobbs, Y.S.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, CHAS. H. McVEIGH,
Ottawa. Veterinary Staff Sergt.
G. C. PIXHOEX, V.S.
EsTEVAN, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to report that since my arrival in the Estevan district,
the following cases have been attended to by me: —
GLANDERS.
Tested 118
Destroyed without test 3
Reacted to test and destroyed 22
Reacted to test and held for retest by owner 3
Held for retest on suspicion 3"
No reaction 53
MAXGE.
Twenty-nine cases. Twenty-six of which are on one ranch. '
There are only a few isolated cases of mange in the district, but I regret to
inform you that the disease of glanders is very prevalent. The poor sanitary con-
ditions in many of the stables visited, and the lack of knowledge of the contagious
character of the disease among some horse owners are not conducive to the stamp-
ing out of it. But by vigourous enforcement of the Contagious Diseases Act, I feel
confident that the disease can eventually be controlled.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Tour obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General. GERALD C. PIXHORX,
Ottawa. Veterinary Staff Sergt.
208 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICDLTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
J. C. HAEGEAVE, D.V.S.
Medicike Hat, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit, for your consideration, the following report
for the period extending from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906.
The number and classes of animals inspected and passed for shipment are as
lollows: —
Horses 821
Cattle • 716
I
A number of shipments from the district have been inspected by others during
my absence. The total shipments for the period are more than double the above
figures.
The number and classes of animals imported from the United States and in-
spected at Maple Creek are here given: —
Stallions 1
Mares 18
Geldings 15
Colts 4
Total 38
GLANDERS.
The number of horses destroyed during the past five (5) months are six, two pre-
sented clinical symptoms, the balance were condemned on mallein test.
Horses tested and destroyed 4
Horses destroyed without testing 2
Suspicious cases examined only 6
Number now awaiting retest 1
The latter animal is one requested to be retested by your department.
Average valuation of those destroyed, $81.66-1.
MALADIE DU COIT.
Number of horses examined, 1,660; number destroyed, mares, 47; stallions, 5;
total, 52. Average vahiation, mares, $78. 72 J; stallions, $180.
Number detained in quarantine under suspicion, mares, 39; stallions, 5; total.
44.
Of the stallions destroyed, one was a registered horse and the balance grade.
Number of -animals examined under the Animals Contagious Diseases Act, horses,
2,756.
Eespectfully submitted.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
J. C. HAEGEAVE,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa,
EEALTH OF ANIMALS 209
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a J
D. WARNOCK, M.E.C.V.S.
PixcHER Creek, llarch 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour herewith to submit my report on work performed for the
Department of Agriculture from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906.
MALADIE DU COIT.
During Xovember I dealt with some cases of maladie du coit among mares in the
Cardston and Mountain View districts. In nearly every case I found that the affect-
ed animal had come originally and within the past few years, from the United States.
Early in January a farmer in the Porcupine Hills informed me that a mare, hia
property, had died, and from the symptoms described I suspected maladie du coit.
Learning that this mare had been on the Peigan reservation, and had been served by
some Indian stallions, I reported to the officer commanding R.N.W.M. Police, Macleod,
who forwarded my report to the acting Indian agent and at the request of the latter
I examined some stallions the property of the Indian Department, and a stallion be-
longing to one of the Indians.
Finding two stallions exhibiting suspicious symptoms I quarantined these and,
later, quarantined all mares and stallions on the reservation.
The Indian agent is arranging to have all mares and stallions gathered for ex-
amination early in April.
In February I made a second examination of about 150 mares, and finding thirty-
two affected, valued and destroyed these. I also examined a number of mares the pro-
perty of farmers in the Tongiie Creek and Okotoks districts, and finding several clearly
affected, valued and destroyed these. Other suspected mares are quarantined for re-
examination.
The affected mares in these districts are principally animals purchased out of an
infected herd within the past year or two. Some of the farmers have had a convinc-
ing experience of the virulent nature of this disease, as a number of mares either died
after being broken and put to hard work, or became so weak as to be quite unfit for
"(vork purposes.
I have also examined and dealt with a number of mares in the Macleod and Por-
cupine Hills districts. Since the 1st of November I have destroyed forty-two (42)
mares affected with maladie du coit.
GLANDERS.
On December 3, I received instructions from the Veterinary Director General to
proceed to Jaffray, B.C., to co-operate with Dr. Bell in dealing with an outbreak of
glanders at that point.
After applying the mallein test we found twenty-four horses affected with glanders
and destroyed these.
Later in December I tested twelve horses at Frank, Alberta, and finding three of
these affected, destroyed them.
In November I destroyed a stallion at High River, showing clinical symptoms of
glanders.
Since the 1st of November. 1905, I have destroyed twenty-eight (28) horses
affected with glanders, of which number 24 were destroyed at Jaffray, B.C., and four
in Alberta.
From November 1, 1905. to March 31, 1906, I made twenty-seven inspections of
stock for shipment from Macleod, Pincher, Cowley and Frank stations on the Crow's
Nest branch, Canadian Pacific Railway. ,
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
The Veterinary Director General, D. WARNOCK,
Ottawa, Inspector.
15a— U
210 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A, 1905
P. K. WALTERS, V.S.
Calgary, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the Department of Agri-
culture, from November 1, 1905 to March 31, 1906.
In November, most of the ranchers in No, 12 district dipped their cattle for
mange very satisfactorily. The ranchers and farmers who did not comply vpith the
Compulsory Dipping Regulations were quarantined.
"Where no mange was found in the cattle during the winter months, the quarantine
was raised. Some cattle which were very mangy were dipped in oil with very good
results, only two breaking out during the winter months out of forty-six head of cattle
which were in a very bad state, being nearly raw all over before being dipped.
During December, numerous cattle were inspected for mange, and where mange
was found, and the cattle dipped, the quarantine was subsequently raised. Also de-
stroyed four horses for glanders in the Didsbury district.
During the month of January I quarantined two mares showing suspicious
symptoms of maladie du coit in the High River and Sheep Creek district, which were
destroyed by Drs. Warnock and Gallivan. Also inspected numerous cattle in this dis-
trict for mange, and tested two horses for glanders.
During the month of February two horses were destroyed by me for glanders.
Also took a tour of inspection of cattle between the Bow River and East Arrowhead
country, accompanied by Deputy Mange Inspector Sanders, and found quite a few
cases of mange on the open range. Also found a few cases of mange west of High
River, in district No. 12, which were taken in and treated. Also 'quarantined three
bands of cattle, and tested fourteen horses for glanders, destroying five head. Also
quarantined three mares showing well marked symptoms of maladie du coit, in the
Okotoks and Lineham districts.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
P. K. WALTERS,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
S. HADWEN, D.V.S.
Lethbridge, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you a brief report on the work done at the
Maladie du Coit Experimental station from November 1, 1905, to the end of our year
en March 31, 1906.
The stabling accommodation at the station was finished early in November, and
I began at once to carry out your instructions regarding the work to be undertaken.
The experimental animals here now number twenty-seven ; twenty-five mares and
two colts, also a number of the smaller animals for inoculations.
The object of the station being to discover the nature, causes, and general char-
acteristics of the disease known as maladie du coit, my time thus being taken up
*mainly with post-mortem work at the station and in the surrounding country, also
:n collecting information as to the value of the different symptoms exhibited by the
affected animals ; as an aid to diagnosing the affection.
The early evidences of the disease are so obscure that manifestly it is of the
utmost importance to discover some sure means of diagnosis in the primary stages.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 211
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
The details of the pathological work and experiments have been forwarded
monthly for your consideration and approval.
Whenever possible I have accompanied the various maladie du coit inspectors
on their inspection trips, and have added greatly to my knowledge of the disease and
-of the conditions under which it exists in Southern Alberta ; in this connection I may
tstate that the horse breeders of this southern portion of the province are becoming
daily more alive to the fact that strict measures are necessary in order to stamp it out,
and are anxious to co-operate with the inspectors in their work.
I believe this condition of affairs to be the natural result of ktiowledge gained by
experience of the fatal and contagious nature of maladie du coit.
The time for the breeding experiments you suggested is fast approaching, the
winter seems to be nearly over, it is to be hoped that these will be the means of
elucidating the problems which now confront the veterinarians of Canada.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
SEYMOUE HADWEX,
Assistant Pathologist.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
J. W. BLAND, V.S.
Vancouver, B.C., :M:arch 31, 1906.
SiRj — I beg to submit a report of inspections made by me at ports of Vancouver
and Xew Westminster districts and sub-ports of Huntingdon and Douglas for five
months ending March 31, 1906.
The following animals were inspected at Vancouver, B.C.: — Cow, 1; horses, 1-4;
sheep, 11,130; all of which passed inspection.
The following animals were inspected at Westminster and sub-ports of Hunting-
don and Douglas : — Horses, 228 ; mules, 4 ; cows, 88 ; also 20 pure bred Hereford ani-
mals; 88 cows and calves, 10-4 horses and 4 mules were entered as settlers' effects. All
the above animals passed inspection.
The corralls erected by the railway company at Huntingdon and Douglas are a
decided improvement and have facilitated the work of inspection at those ports. The
stock yards in these districts have been kept in a clean and sanitary condition during
the year.
A rather serious outbreak of glanders occurred in Vancouver during the past year
but prompt and effective measures have been taken to stamp out the disease as rapidly
as possible. All cars arriving with cattle from mange-affected districts of the North-
•west have been thoroughly cleansed and disinfected upon arrival at this port. This
-work has been carefully carried out by the railway officials.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
J. W. BLAND,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
15a— 14i
212
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
W. S. BELL, V.S.
Cranbrook, B.C., March 31, 1906.
SiR^ — I have the honour to submit to you my report from November 1, 1905, to
March 31, 1906.
During the month o'f November, an outbreak of glanders occurred at Jaffray, on
the premises of the East Kootenay Lumber Company, twenty in all showed clinical
symptoms, the remaining contacts reacted to test and were destroyed. A number of
horses which had been in contact or exposed were tested, eight of which reacted and
v^as destroyed and all the premises thoroughly cleansed and disinfected.
The importation during those months is very light at Port of Gateway. There
was cattle, 156 ; horses, 109; goats, 106. Kykert's; horses, 12; cattle, 10; 393 animals
passed for inspection.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
W. S. BELL,
Inspector.
D. TiaiBLYX, D.V.S.
Midway, B.C., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit to you the following report for the Depart-
ment of Agriculture from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906.
BOUNDARY INSPECTION.
For Entry.
In transit
1st Inspection.
In transit
2-6 Inspections.
Total.
Horses
Mules
21
214
2
80
337
572
•->
Cattle
69
149
Sheep
Swine
6
6
Grand total
96
296
337
729
In regard to the adequacy of the transit work here, I think the present system is
all that is called for. One inspection per month is quite sufficient to preserve the
health of our Canadian stock. I make it a rule when on the road to stop all transit
teams and inspect them, I also visit the stables in which the freighters stable their
horses, so that by doing this the majority of teams are inspected three and four times
per month.
The inspection of ' stage horses ' necessitates my making a trip once per month
to Rock Creek, this being their destination.
I think as a precautionary measure that all horses imported from the Chesaw,
Molson and Kipling districts should be subjected to the mallein test, as it is from
these districts that my glandered cases have originated.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 213
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1 5a ■
GLANDERS.
On January 3rd, 1906, I received a report that glanders existed near Greenwool,
B.C. On investigating I found no contagious disease.
On February 6, 1906, I inspected 3 horses, the property of S. Nelson Kipling,
Wash., and I found it necessary to mallein them, of which two reacted, these animals
were given over to the state veterinarian for Washington to deal with.
February 20, 1906, I reeived a telegram from Dr. Tolmie to proceed to Cran-
brook and there to work in co-operation with Dr. Bell, in making an inspection of all
lumber and milling company horses of that district, this tour of inspection kept one
occupied the best part of a month, as it was impossible to inspect more than one camp
per diem, owing to the camps being so scattered and the train service so unreliable.
Outside of one stable, nothing of a contagious nature was detected.
One or two cases of influenza, accompanied with suppurating glands were seen at
the Elk Lumber Company stables, Hormer, and as I deemed it advisable, I asked
Dr. Bell to make a second inspection within 15 to 20 days. Several reactors I had
destroyed and burnt, and the usual precautions taken as to disinfecting, &c. The
number of horses inspected during this tour numbered 289. Destroyed 3 on 2nd test,
and 1 tested for the 1st time, 4 tested for the 2nd time.
During my absence from Midway the inspection work was carried on by Dr. Frank
of Grand Forks.
BLACK QU.\RTER.
On November 24, 1905, I visited two farms near Rock Creek, B.C., to investi-
gate a disease in cattle, which I found to be black quarter. I gave both farmers full
instructions as to the precautionary measures, disinfecting and burning of carcasses.
Xumber of cattle on premises 13-4
Died 8
Remaining 126
TUBERCL'LOSIS.
I have tested 25 head of cattle for importation from the United States, all of which
I found healthy. The necessity of a stable here at Midway for this work I mentioned
in my last report.
In closing I desire to mention that Dr. Tolmie, chief inspector for B.C., has
afforded me the greatest assistance from time to time on matters of great importance
to the department.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
D. TAMBLYN,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
D. CORISTINE, V.S.
OsoYOOS, B.C., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of quarantine work done
at this point during the period between November 1, 1905, and March 31, 1906.
214 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Inspections of stock, settlers' effects, prospective settlers and stock for speculative
purposes as follows : —
Horses 29
Pigs 6
There has been no indication of disease among stock imported.
There has been no outbreak of contagious or infectious disease in the district
during the period mentioned.
I endeavour as far as possible to keep a supervision over the district from Anar-
chist mountain to Similkameen valley as far as Keremeos, and from international
boundary to around Penticton.
I have recently seen the bulk of the cattle owned by the Southern Okanagan
Land Company and F. Richter, of Keremeos, these being the only large bunches in
the district.
There is no disease among them this spring, although a good many of them are
in a rather poor condition. The past winter has not been a favourable one for stock,.
and so far the spring is cold and dry, consequently grass is making poor headway.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
D. CORISTINE,
The Veterinary Director General, Inspector.
Ottawa.
J. W. FRANK, V.S.
Grand Forks, B.C., March 31, 1906.
SiR;, — I have the honour to submit a report of work performed from November
1, 1905, to March 31, 1906, inclusive.
During the above mentioned period the following animals have been inspected : —
Horses 286
Mules 4
Cattle 37
Sheep 0
Swine 28
Of this number 28 horses, 37 cattle and 28 swine were for importation (the others
being principally animals in transit), six horses of this number were refused entry as
they reacted to the mallein test.
During the above mentioned period five horses have been destroyed with glanders
in this town, one on inspection, three on the first test, and one on being tested the
second time.
Six other horses came under the test, five of which have been tested the second
time and the sixth is at present undergoing the test for the third time. Two of the
five have already been declared healthy.
Information received as to a case of mange in horses, proved to be without foun-
dation.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
J. WILLIAMSON FRANK,
The Veterinary Director General Inspector.
Ottawa.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 215
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
G. S. JEEMYN, Y.S.
Vernon, March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I beg to submit the following report to the month of November. At Osoyoos
I inspected the following, two horses and six swine, and met with no disease.
Since starting on December 6 to work under instructions from Dr. Tolmie in
the Okanagan district, I have tested for glanders five hundred and seventy-seven
horses (577), of which two hundred and nineteen were diseased, and were destroyed in
the various places as follows : —
Vernon and vicinity, 214 horses tested, 76 destroyed.
Kelowna and vicinity, 154 horses tested, 86 destroyed.
Peachland and vicinity, 63 horses tested, 26 destroyed.
Armstrong and vicinity, 31 horses tested, 23 destroyed.
Enderby and vicinity 15 horses tested, 8 destroyed.
The disease is gradually being controlled, the worst centres of infection in the
Okanagan having been dealt with.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, G. S. JERMTN,
Ottawa. Inspector.
J. GIBBmS, M.R.C.V.S.
March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I have the honour herewith to submit my report as requested.
Since forwarding my last report I have been dealing solely with the outbreak of
glanders.
In all I have tested for some 520, retested S6, and again retested for a third time,
23. And of the above numbers 78 have been killed for glanders, not including 3 con-
demned on December 29. On the second test 12 were killed, and one on the third
test, making the total killed 78 as above stated.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
The Veterinary Director General, JOHNSON GIBBINS,
Ottawa. Inspector.
C. E. EICHARDS, M.D.V.
Victoria, B.C., March 31, 1906.
Sir, — I beg to submit the following as my report of the work carried on from
October 31, 1905, to March 31, 1906.
The importations were as follows : —
Horses 18
Mules 42
Cattle 3
Sheep 8,771
Exportations —
Horses 4
216
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
175 sheep consigned to the British Columbia Market Company, Victoria, were re-
turned to Washington, owing to being affected with scab. One Jersey bull, consigned
to Geo. Sangster, Victoria, was rejected, being tuberculous.
I have tested with mallein 27 horses, 14 were tested a second, and one a third
time, making the total number of tests 42. Nine were destroyed affected with
glanders. In all cases a thorough disinfection of the premises followed when the
disease was found.
Hog cholera was dealt with at Fiddick Junction and Xanaimo; 16 hogs were
destroyed.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
C. R. RICHARDS,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
H. H. S. GEORGE, M.R.C.V.S.
Kamloops, B.C., March 31, 1906.
SiR^ — I have the honour to submit a report of inspection made by me for tho
period dating from November 1, 1905, to March 31, 1906.
I have inspected horses in the following districts during that time for glanders,
Peachland, Golden, Palliser, Vernon, Grande Prairie and Enderby, B.C.
Out of the total number of horses tested, viz., 435, one hundred and eighty-four
(184) passed the test, one hundred and three (103) reacted to the test, and one hun-
dred and forty-eight (148) are suspects.
Below is a tabulated form of the number of horses submitted to the test in each
district, and the results of the test for that district.
The nuTibei- of suspects may seem to appear very large, but in a great number of
cases the ..-jrses, although if by themselves would have passed the test, were held, as I
thought it advisable, they being in company with those destroyed for the disease, and
during the carrying out of the test were eating out of the same manger.
District.
Peachland, R. C
Golden, B. C
Palliser, B. C
Vernon, B. C
Grande Prairie, B. C.
Enderby, B. C
Passed.
Reacted.
4.5
26
6
15
16
4
113
50
1
9
3
Suspected.
Number
Tested.
48
19
14
47
16
3
119
40
34
210
26
6
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
H. H. S. GEORGE,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
HEALTH OF AXIMALS 217
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
D. WARNOCK, M.R.C.V.S.
PixcHER Creek, November 28, 1905.
Sir, — I have tlie honour herewith to submit my report relative to disease prevail-
ing among cattle in Beaver Creek district, Porcupine hills. Alberta.
' DOGIE ' DISEASE.
This is a non-contagious disease and in my opinion, is a combination of osteo-
malacia and fragilitas ossium, perhaps also osteo-porosis.
I cannot describe it better than to say that it is an arrested development of the
bony frame, affecting more particularly the large metacarpal and metatarsal bones
(which become fragile, but not flexible) ; also the nasal and inferior maxillary bones
(which undergo a morbid hypertrophy and process of softening).
HISTORY.
I have been familar with this disease for some years, it having appeared shortly
after the late cycle of wet seasons began. I have only seen it among cattle grazing
in 'Tennessee Coul?e' and 'Jack O'Xeil Coul?e, on Beaver Creek, and on that por-
tion of the range south of the Porcupine hills, now known as ' Summerview,*
The soil in these districts is a light warm sandy loam, which dries out very
rapidly. These were always favourite ranges with cattle, and during the dry seasons
of the early winters were so heavily overstocked that grass was badly eaten or trodden
out. the result being that when the rainy season reappeared there was a rapid and
prolific growth of weeds, particularly loco-weed, the latter being, at the present time,
quite as abundant as grass.
Disease was first noticed among a few Ontario stockers the most prominent
symptoms being an unsteady gait, swelling of the nasal bones, and a dirty discharge
from the nostrils. Suspecting ' malignant catarrh ' or ' tuberculosis ' I destroyed
the animals for post-mortem purpose^, but was surprised to find the internal organs
perfectly healthy, although anaemic. Later, in the same season, I saw more advanced
cases, and associating the appearance of disease with the sodden state of the range
and. prevalence of stagnant lakes, suspected '' strongylus tetracanthus,' but on making
post-mortems, and laying open the intestines from end to end I failed to find evidence
of the presence of harmful parasites. However, noticing the imperfectly masticated
condition of the contents of the rumen, I examined the teeth, and discovered that
what, at a distance, I had taken to be an oedematous swelling was really a swelling of
the inferior maxillary bones; I examined these and found them so softened as to be
but little harder than cartilage, the teeth badly developed and loose. Observing that
every affected animal was either a Manitoba or Ontario stocker, I was much perplexed
regarding the cause, and the reason for the apparent immunity of native cattle,
grazing on the same range, was a question often put to me as a ' poser ' by the cow-
boys, when I doubted the correctness of their theory that the disease was due to some
inherent defect in the ' makeup ' of ' dogies ' in general. In reply I could only
point out that, for some years, dogies had done well, that disease had appeared sub-
sequent to the return of the wet seasons, and that, it must be due to some pernicious
plant — at that time I did not know the loco plant.
As disease appeared to be confined to dogies grazing in the localities mentioned,
I made it a practice to have these cattle kept away as much as possible, and, in that
way prevented much loss. In regard to range cattle not becoming affected, I would
say that, after a long experience and close observation, it is my belief that animals
native to certain areas of the range are able to discriminate between noxious and
innocuous plants, indigenous to that locality. I think this, rather than immunity to
effect, is the true explanation. In support of this theory I shall here mention some
cases in point. On the moist west-slope of the Porcupine hills and foot hilLs, water
218 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
hemlock and other toxic plants grow in abundance. Cattle raised there do not suffer
much, but when cattle are driven in from outside points they seem to eat anything
that is green and succulent, with, in the case of water hemlock, dire results to them-
selves. For example, in 1900 or 1901, Mr. Burton, of Willow Creek, located a ranch
on the west side of the Porcupine hills, about 12 miles north of the Upper Walrond,
and drove his cattle across the hills to his new location. "Within a few weeks Mr.
Burton lost many cattle from hemlock poisoning, and to avert heavier loss, was com-
pelled to move his cattle back to their old range. Other settlers, owning cattle native
to the hills, grazing on the location selected by Mr. Burton, did not suffer loss.
Again, about mid-sumer o'f the present year, Mr. F. W. Godsal moved about
160 cows to Mr. Powlett's ranch on Red Deer river. These cattle were shipped from
Pincher to Bassano station, I think, on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Rail-
way, unloaded there, driven slowly a few miles north until a side hill was reached on
which there was good grass, but, unfortunately, also plenty of water hemlock. There
the cattle were allowed to graze for some hours, or until the herders noticed something
amiss with some of them, when they were at once rounded up and driven off the hill-
side, too late, however, as within two or three days 37 cows died, showing all symptoms
of acute poisoning. Mr. Godsal's cattle have for some years past been kept in inclosed
pastures in which there is no hemlock, were not familiar with it, and evidently, ate
greedily of it.
Up till 1901 I did not recognize loco-weed, but about that time I met Mr. Heniy
Smith, of High River (who had had considerable experience in Wyoming), at a meet-
ing of the executive committee of the Western Stockgrowers Association, held at
Macleod, and incidentally discussed the effects of poisonous plants. Mr. Smith, on
his return to High River, very kindly sent me some specimens which enabled me to
identify the plant growing so abundantly in Tennessee Coulee and on Beaver Creek.
SYMPTOMS OF ' DOGIE ' DISEASE.
As a rule, the first noticeable symptom is an unthriftiness, the animal begins to
lose flesh, the nasal bones are swollen, and there is a discharge from the nose. Later,
the under-jaw becomes swollen (generally uniform in both rami), the senses of hearing,
sight, taste and smell are impaired. Occasionally the chin becomes so swollen as to
cause the lower jaw to become under-shot, the incisor teeth protruding from the mouth,
giving an appearance very much like the jaw of a bull dog. In other cases the first
symptom may be a rigidity of the spine, the animal walks with a ' stilty ' unsteady
gait, does not lie down, but will stand for hours at a time head down, and legs propped
apart. I have ridden up within a few feet of an affected animal standing on the range
in a semi-comatose condition, and on being startled, and attempting to move quickly
the animal has fallen flat on its side, unable to rise until rolled on to its sternum,
when it would get up without assistance, but would rise in the same way that a horse
does. I have seen such an animal stumble and break a limb below the knee. Animals
showing spinal symptoms soon become badly sway-backed, due to softening of the
vertebrae, and as a rule, do not live long.
CAUSE OF DEATH.
Some animals die from paralysis, othe]*s are killed by coyotes, but the majority
die a lingering death from starvation.
In 1904 I was consulted by Bobbins Bros., of Beaver Creek, regarding an out-
break of disease in a bunch of Manitoba dogies purchased by them two years pre-
viously. These cattle had been confined to pastures, or close-herded on Beaver Creek
since being brought in. I had heard that Bobbins Bros, had suffered considerable loss,
but on visiting their ranch I was astonished to find quite 50 per cent of their cattle
affected in the same way as the Waldron dogies. In the bunch were a number of
advanced cases, so selecting one of the most typical, a 4-years-old heifer, I had it
EEALTE OF ANIMALS 219
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
destroyed and made an autopsy in the presence of Mr. A. W. Bobbins and Mr. Jas.
Allison.
POST-MORTEM APPEARANCE OF ROBBINS' HEIFER.
On exposing the bones of the lower jaw these were found to be very much enlarged
and softened. They were harder than cartilage, but could be readily sliced with a
strong knife. Molar teeth badly developed, and some so loose in the alveoli that they
could be removed by a strong pull with the fingers. Incisor teeth irregular, and the
alveoli so soft that the teeth could be easily sliced ofi.
Superior maxillary bones normal, and teeth firm. Nasal bones swollen and soft-
ened. Bones of the skull thickened, but hard. On removing the large metacarpal
bone on the left foreleg, it outwardly showed no change, but when broken across, which
was easily done by a sharp blow with a hammer, the shaft of the bone was thin, the
medulla enlarged, the marrow detached from the walls, gelatinous (having very much
the appearance of cooked marrow) and easily shaken from the canal. The left femur
was removed, and appeared to be healthy until broken across. There was not much
thinning of the walls, but the marrow was abnormal and looked very much like coagu-
lated arterial blood. Dr. Hadwen drew my attention to a like condition existing in
the femurs of a stallion destroyed at High River, affected with maladie du coit, and
which stallion for some time prior to death, exhibited pronounced symptoms of ner-
vous affection.
The thoracic and abdominal organs were healthy, but very anaemic. The ingesta
^ery imperfectly masticated, largely mixed with seeds, and stems of loco-weed, pieces
of wood, feathers, &c. — the presence of foreign bodies is suggestive of depraved appe-
tite, but I think the impaired sense of taste and smell is responsible.
TREATMENT.
Medical treatment is of no avail as long as the animal is permitted access to loco-
infested pasture. Easily masticated and nourishing food is the remedy, and drug&
are not necessary, although, no doubt, a course of mineral and vegetable tonics would
materially hasten recovery. For some years I have advised stockmen, by whom I have
been consulted, that hand-feeding was the proper remedy, or failing that, a change of
range. If taken in time, i.e., before the jaws and teeth have become so badly affected
as to preclude prehension and mastication, or the digestive functions have become too
impaired, many animals will recover sufficiently to become fit for beef, although they
do not grow. Badly affected cattle should be destroyed rather than left to die from
starvation, or left to meet a cruel death from the attacks of coyotes. I have seen an
affected animal down on the range, with its tail eaten off, and great holes eaten into
its thighs, but still conscious.
Almost the first indication of approaching convalescence is a periostitis of the
metacarpal and metatarsal bones — nature's effort, I presume to strengthen the already
weakened bones. Bobbins Bros., acting on my advice, turned their cattle loose on
fresh pasture. In September of this year I inspected a carload of beef cattle at
Pincher for shipment to British Columbia, composed principally of survivors from
Robbins Bros, bunch. These cattle were fat, but no stockmen could have failed to
notice their under-sized stunted appearance, the knotty, thickened cannon bones, and
the heavy under jaw. Eobbins Bros, suffered heavy loss and in face of their experi-
ence with dogies, have disposed of their ranch on Beaver Creek, and are going out of
the cattle business.
It was the custom at the Waldrond ranch to put affected cattle in the work hor^e
pasture, where they lived principally on the droppings from the horses, and refuse
from the stables generally, after a time, becoming fat enough to be fit for beef — this
statement may appear somewhat imaginative, but many ex-cowboys of the company-
will say that affected animals have been known to follow the horse-herd from camp to
220 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
camp on the round-up, subsisting (and with obvious improvement) on the droppings
from the horses, and refuse thrown from the mess tent. It was from noticing this
that the above method of handling these cattle occurred to me. I do not think that
the Walrond Eanch Company has suffered so very heavily from this disease. If so,
it has been within the last two years. That company's loss has been much heavier
from hemlock poisoning, on which I am preparing a separate report.
I have seen a somewhat similar disease among sheep in Scotland, attributed to
absence of certain soil constituents and consequent poor quality of grass.
Here, however, I do not think the soil has anything to do with it, except so far
as being favourable to the growth of the loco-plant. Were the disease due to poor
quality of grass I should expect to find the native cattle affected equally with im-
ported. Recently some of the native cattle in these districts have become affected
and, I think, this is explained by the fact that month by month the grazing area is
becoming more curtailed, while year by year cattle are becoming more domesticated,
less able to take care of themselves, and now eat that which their ancestors eschewed.
Dr. Burnett, on his recent visit to Beaver Ci-eek and seeing affected cattle for the
first time, evidently had his attention attracted by the symptoms in much the same
way that these appeared to me in 1899.
I look upon this disease as being of purely dietetic origin, endemic to certain dis-
tricts, leading to alteration in bone composition, consequent to the effect of loco-weed
upon tlje nervous system, the pathological changes varying according to the structure
of the bones affected.
In my opinion it will prevail until these portions of the range have been given
time to become rehabilitated after years of over stocking.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
D. WARNOCK,
Inspector.
The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
PiNCHER Creek, November 30, 1905.
Sir, — I have the honour to herewith submit my report relative to poisoning by
water hemlock among cattle grazing in the Porcupine hills.
Water hemlock is indigenous to many districts of the range country, but, as I
pointed out in my report re loco-weed poisoning, it is especially abundant in the Por-
cupine hills, particularly on the west slope.
It is deadliest during the early spring months, or at least, that is the season at
which cattle suffer most, and is the only time of the year that cattle " native ' to that
district seem to eat it. It is most deadly during cold, late springs, when green grass
is tardy in appearing, or is of slow growth.
In the Porcupine hills sharp frosts prevail until well on in June, thereby retard-
ing vegetation, and as a rule, grass is from three weeks to one month later in appear-
ing than in the case of the flats east of the hills. Occasionally, but very rarely, grass
is earlier in the hills than on the flats, but I have only seen three exceptions during
a residence of thirteen years.
When grass begins to appear cattle become restless, they roam over the prairie
hunting for green grass, and that is the time when they suffer most. They frequent
the banks of creeks, the borders of lakes, or the sheltered sides of coulees, and many
are found dead from the effects of eating hemlock.
HEALTH OF A^UMALS 221
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
"Wlien plenty of range is available, it was my practice at the Waldrond ranch
to have all cattle driven out of the hills as soon as green grass began to appear. They
■were drifted out onto the flats where, as a rule, grass was plentiful long before there
was any in the hills. This course made the roundup later in the season, a little more
expensive, but saved the loss of many cattle, and was absolutely necessary after a few
importations of eastern stockers had been made.
Xow that less range is available, and for other reasons, cattle are held in the
valley between the Porcupine hills and the Livingstone range of the Rockies all the
year round, and, I am informed on good authority that the annual spring loss from
hemlock poisoning is extremely heavy. Careful stockmen combat this by hand-feed-
ing till late in spring, or by holding their cattle in pastures specially reserved for the
purpose, and do not ' turn loose ' until a full bite of grass is procurable.
SYMPTOMS.
When an animal has eaten water hemlock, symptoms of poisoning, as a rule, do
not appear until after rumination has been in progress for some time. Then the
animal becomes uneasy, if lying down it gets up, kicks at the abdomen, switches its
tail, may walk some distance, lie down and begin ruminating' again. After a short
time the symptoms become more violent, the animal rises, appears to suffer severely,
very often vomiting and acute diarrhoea set in, the abdomen becomes tympanitic, the
animal gallops around blindly delirious, or becomes comatose, and death rapidly
ensues, often quite as rapidly as blackleg.
REMARKS.
I am of the opinion that as long as the plant is contained in the rumen it does
not exert its toxic effects, and that it is only after maceration in the rumen and
remastication that these effects are manifested. I do not think it is necessary that
portions of the plant should pass into the intestines before the animal becomes affected,
and I am convinced that I have seen poisoning occur from absorption of the juice of
the plant during rumination. In 1900 I saw four imported Shorthorn bulls die in one
afternoon from the effects of water hemlock eat-en on the morning of the same day,
the bull-herd having been allowed to graze for a few hours on the borders of a lake.
On post-mortem I found that no portion of the plant had passed beyond the second
stomach, nor were there pronounced intestinal lesions.
TREATMENT.
This, to be effective, must be prompt, but affected animals are seldom noticed in
time for treatment to be of any avail. Medicines per the mouth are in most cases
inadmissible, and for this reason treatment by amateurs is seldom successful. If an
attempt be made to administer medicine by the mouth the affected animal generally
drops as soon as its head is raised above the level, and there is grave danger of chok-
ing. Again, if vomiting is present the medicine is ejected almost as soon as given.
As a rule, medicines can only be given subcutaneously, intravenously, or introduced
directly into the rumen through the abdominal wall.
The latter method can be successfully carried out by almost any stockman if he
possess a good cattle trocar and canula, and in this way doses of raw linseed oil and
soda bicar bonate can safely be given. Also stimulants such as aromatic spirit of
ammonia, spirit of turpentine, whiskey, brandy, &c., if the animal is comatose, where
there is violent pain or delirium, choloral hydrate, bromide of potassium or tincture
of opium are the remedies I have found most useful, but I have used these so as to
secure their most rapid effects.
Most writers on veterinary medicine recommend large doses of purgative medi-
cine in similar cases, but my experience with hemlock poisoning has been that drastic
cathartics are a mistake, a * kill or cure ' method, with heavy odds against a cure. It
222 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
is my opinion that by administering powerful cathartics we only succeed in dissemin-
ating the poison throughout the entire intestinal tract with fatal result. The patient
-will die before the most rapid purgative can eliminate the poison from its system. If
the toxic principle could be rendered unabsorbable, then purgatives would be safe.
In my absence, I have lost cases forty-eight hours after acute symptoms had sub-
sided and the animal appeared to be convalescent. Evidently some of the poison was
still retained in the rumen, and the symptoms reapi^eared when the animals com-
menced ruminating again. If vomition could be induced in cattle by the administra-
tion of emetics so as to completely empty the rumen, that would be the remedy after
acute symptoms had passed off.
From past experience if I had a valuable animal under treatment, and had been
successful in alleviating the acute symptoms, I should not consider the animal safe
xmtil rumenotomy had been performed and the rumen emptied, as far as practicable of
its deleterious contents. If this is not done the symptoms are almost sure to return.
Kumenotomy, carefully performed, gives excellent results in grain engorgement and
should be equally successful here.
Were I asked by an owner to outline appropriate treatment for a valuable animal
Ijnown to have eaten water hemlock my reply would be ' Tie a piece of fork handle in
the animal's mouth in the same manner that you would retain the bit in a horse's
mouth, to prevent rumination, then procure competent veterinary services at the ear-
Jiest possible moment, and have the contents of the " paunch " removed.'
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
D. WARNOCK,
Inspector.
'The Veterinary Director General,
Ottawa.
MALADIE DU COIT.
This disease which has long been known in the old world was introduced to this
•continent in 1882 by a Percheron stallion imported from France, and used for service
in Illinois. Unfortunately the nature of the affection was not discovered until several
years had elai)sed, during which period a considerable number of stallions and mares
had become infected. Some of these infected animals were removed from the district
before quarantine was imposed, with the result that a number of disease centres have
been established in various parts of the United States. The large influx of American
horses is undoubtedly responsible for the introduction of this loathsome malady to
western Canada, where its existence was first reported from the Lethbridge district in
March, 1904.
Since that time active measures have been adopted for its repression, but owing to
the nature of the malady and the loose conditions under which horses are handled in
the range country, it is a matter of great difficulty to deal with it effectually. A copy
of the regulations now in force is printed herewith, and the hearty co-operation of
horse owners in enforcing the same is earnestly solicited. Compensation on a most
liberal scale, when the intrinsic value of a diseased animal is considered, is paid for all
:animals slaughtered by order of an authorized inspector, except when the owner has
been guilty of an infraction of the Animal Contagious Diseases Act, or of the regula-
tions passed under the authority of the said Act.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 223
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Maladie du coit, wherever it exists, paralyses liorse-breeding operations and ruins
those engaged in the horse-breeding industry. It is, therefore, the plain duty of all
interested in horses or horse-breeding to second in every possible way the efforts of the
inspectors of this department to stamp it out wherever found. As its eradication is a
matter of public and not private interest, every breeder is urged to report immediately
any suspicious case of the existence of which he may become aware, whether among
iis own animals or those of others.
Maladie du eoi't (Dournie is a malignant, insidious, incurable disease peculiar to
the horse, supposed to be due to the entrance into the system of a micro-organism,
known as the Trypanosoma Equiperdum.
This disease, as its name implies, is essentially one of coition, being transmitted
•during the act of service, from stallion to mare, and vice versa. Some authorities
report, however, that they have succeeded in inducing it, by experimental inoculation,
in the horse and in several other animals of different species.
The symptoms, as in other contagious diseases, differ considerably according to
the susceptibility of the animal, the nature of its surroundings, and the vitality of the*
virus. Some cases, therefore, are acute, the various stages of the disease following each
other rapidly, and these generally reach a fatal termination within a very short time.
Unfortunately, however, this is rarely the case, the disease generally following a
chronic, insidious and semi-latent course, making it, in view of the constant danger of
infection, a most serious menace to the horse-breeding industry.
In reading the following description of the symptoms as presented in the three
stages of the malady, it will be well to bear in mind the great liability to variation,
such as the appearance of characteristic symptoms in one animal, and their total, or
partial, absence in another. The stages are not ushered in uniformly, neither are they
of regular duration, as in many cases almost all evidence of disease will occasionally
■disappear for a time, only to recur later and with renewed virulence.
The duration of the disease varies, and may extend from a month to several years,
the average time, however, being about eighteen months. After copulation with an
infected animal, the germ, having been transmitted during this act, commences to
multiply rapidly or tardily, according to its vitality, the susceptibility of the infected
individual and the favourable or unfavourable condition of its surroundings in the
generative organs. This constitutes the incubative period, which may last from one to
two weeks or much longer.
The primary stage is ushered in after the germs have developed sufficient activity
to produce irritation in the adjacent tissues, whether observable or not. In
the stallion the mucous membrane of the urethral canal (passage through which urine
is voided) exhibits the first sign of irritation; its external opening at the end of the
penis (Meatus Urinarius) assumes a bright red colour, accompanied by swelling,
which may cause it to bulge out prominently, followed by a discharge, at first almost
imperceptible, but increasing in quantity as the disease progresses.
The above mentioned symptoms are often very meagre, and frequently overlooked,
especially so with the imsuspicious. During this period, however, the stallion is a
positive infective agent, his desire for serving mares being greatly increased and his
ability to perform this function not seriously impaired.
The possibility of widespread infection, if such a case is not detected and im-
mediately placed under restraint, can be readily appreciated. '
As the disease advances the irritation of the generative organs increase, frequent
erections of the penis follow, this organ often attaining unusual proportions, and
occasionally swelling to such an extent as to prevent its complete return to the sheath.
Urination is performed often and incompletely, the urine being mixed with a mucous
■discharge varying in quantity, and the act is often accompanied by switching of the
tail or stamping of the feet, due to the irritable condition of the parts.
224 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Red spots may appear on the penis and adjacent parts; these may disappear
rapidly with a tendency to return, or they may increase in virulence, forming dis-
charging sores.
White spots, due to loss of pigment (colouring matter of the skin), may indicate
previous eruj)tions on the penis, sheath and surrounding tissues. This condition is
often well marked, in some cases the spots forming large patches, which may involve
the major portion of the penis, changing it to a dirty yellowish white, rough and un-
healthy looking organ, while in others, they are only slightly perceptible or altogether
absent.
A gradual swelling of the sheath becomes noticeable, and is frequently the first
symptom observed; this swelling often involves the scrotum and testicles, and may
extend to the abdomen and limbs. The character of the swelling is generally cold,
doughy and passive, and it may obstinately persist, disappear rapidly, remain absent,
or return frequently. Occasionally it is hot, tender and painful and shows a tendency
to the formation of vesicles and erosions of the tissues, accompanied by a purulent
discharge.
The penis, in many cases, becomes protruded from the sheath continually, the
animal being unable to retract it, owing to the loss of such power, or to the excessive
amount of swelling present. The appetite still remains unimpaired, and no serious
constitutional disturbances are yet observable.
In the mare the symptoms are somewhat similar, differing only in accordance with
the anatomical and physiological structures of the generative organs. The same vari-
able incubative period follows infection as in the male. The preliminary symptoms are
also of a very imperfect type, and difficult to detect, unless suspicions have been pre-
viously aroused. They are most frequently insidious, and consequently very dangerous,
necessitating, as in the stallion, every precaution, where the slightest cause for sus-
picion exists.
On close observation, however, a discharge may be notictd from the vulva (external
opening) ; the mucous membrane lining it and the vagina (canal from external opening
to the womb) gradually assume a discoloured, thickened and rough appearance, giving
evidence of increasing irritation and the consequent inflammatory results. Red spots
may make their appearance on the vaginal membrane, and when present, are especially
noticeable in the region, of the already thickened and erect clitoris (the part commonly
exposed by mares in season), a condition of this organ which to a greater or less ex-
tent, is persistently present throughout the course of the disease.
An abnormal sexual desire is intermittently present, the mare, at intervals, con-
tinually exposing the clitoris. Urine, mixed with mucous, is frequently voided in jets.
This causes increased irritation, followed by stretching, stamping the feet, and switch-
ing the tail. An extremely irritable condition has been observed accompanying these
symptoms, the animal rubbing itself violently against any object.
The discharge from the vulva becomes sticky and irritating, adhering to adjacent
parts and scalding the contact tissues. The discharge may increase or decrease in
quantity, and become more purulent as the disease advances. Local swellings appear,
as. in the stallion, at any stage of the disease, and may also, in the mare, be the first
noticeable symptom ; these frequently affecting one side of the vulva and may extend
l-j the other, or spreading rapidly, involve the mammary glands, abdomen and limbs,
or they may confine themselves persistenH'y to more limited areas, often giving the vulva
a puckered and deformed appearence.
As in the stallion, these swellings may persist, disappear suddenly, remain absent,
or recur frequently. They are generally of a doughy consistency, cold and painless,
but occasionally, appear in an acute form, with heat and pain present, accompanied by
a tendency to the formation of vesicles, followed by erosion and discharge.
As the disease advances, the lining membranes of the vulva and vagina assume a
yellowish colour, the clitoris distinctly presenting a white or yellowish, and slightly
corrugated appearance. White spots appear in the locations of previous vesicles, which
vary considerably from small indefinite ones to most decided and marked patches.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 2 2
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Constitutional symptoms may not appear for weeks, and often months, and in some
cases not until the local symptoms have been absent for some time, the animal still
maintaining a good appetite.
THE SECONDARY STAGE is the result of the migration of the micro-
organisms with their accompaning toxins, into the general system, which may occur
from one to three months after infection, but differs largely in individuals. The-
disease now commences to mark its progress in no uncertain manner, and it is at this
stage that the inexperienced realize that there 's something seriously wrong. One or
more, or all symptoms become aggravated, constitutional symptoms supervene, the
condition of the skin and hair becomes dry and harsh, the rounded form disappears
and the outlines of the ribs, haunches and spine gradually gain prominence, the eye
takes on a dull, expressionless stare, the ears lop over, the lips often hang i^endulous,
the eyelids droop, owing to jjartial paralysis of the nerves supplying the parts, and
.1 general marked unthrifty appearance presents itself.
In the stallion the appetite may be capricious, but is rarely impaired ; langour and
dullness replace his former vigour, occasional trembling may be noticed over the sur-
face of the body, especially so when other horses are approaching. Although stupid,
and apparently not interested in his surroundings, he frequently neighs persistently.
The swellings, when present, become hard and chronic, the testicles either enlarged
(this condition being due to the thickening of the membranes enveloping the organs,
and not the testicular substance proper) oi* atrophied, either hsrnging abnormally
pendulous or lying close up to the abdomen.
The infection may now show its presence along the course of the lymphatics, by
the formation of ulcers in the various glands, which may discharge a purulent fluid,
or, on the other hand, a marked swelling and thickening of the glands may exist in-
cluding the sub-maxillary under the lower jaw.
Rather peculiar, the characteristic elevations make their appearance at irregular
intervals during this stage of the disease, and have been called, very appropriately^,
' plaques.' They vary largely in dimensions and may appear rapidly, disappear as
quickly, show a tendency to persist, remain absent, or break out in other localities.
They are in the majority of cases, neither hot nor painful, biit occasionally may as-
sume an irritable aspect.
Placques may appear singly, or in groups, and are seen most frequently in the
region of the croup, abdomen, chest, shoulders and neck, and are better described as
flat elevations, raising up the skin, with defined edges, in some cases- quite prominent,
in others only perceptible by taking a position alongside, in front of, or behind the
nnimal, and viewing the outline of the body. Marked alterations in the animal's gait
soon become apparent, when standing he maintains his position imperfectly, moves his
weight from one limb to another, keeping one limb in a semi-flexed position, and often
raising it from the ground. When walking, knuckling over, or the dragging of a hind
limb are often distinctly noticeable. Upon trotting, a stilty, jerky and swaying motion
is quite apparent, the animal often falling down imexpectedly, showing a general in-
ability to control his movements. He now prefers a lying posture, and when rising,
manifests difficulty, and exhibits evidence of pain in doing so.
The stallion is unable to cover, the erections of the penis being feeble and incom-
plete, and his inability to handle himself well marked.
In the mare, the same constitutional symptoms prominently develop. The local
swellings also assume a hard and chronic form, giving the vulva a distorted appear-
ance. They may also occur on each side of, or below the vulva, which at this stage,
cften remains partially open at its lower extremity, due to the chronic thickening of
the clitoris. The mucous membrane of the vagina presents a dirty yellowish, rough
appearance, the discharge when present, acquiring a more purulent nature, and irrita-
ting the adjacent parts. Placques may make their appearance in the same manner
as in the stallion, and in the same irregular way.
15a— 15
226 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
The infection of the lympathic system also shows the same inclination as in the
male, causing enlarged glands, or suppurating sores. Marked depression and stupidity
intervene, with the same inability to control movements, the lying posture being
favoured.
THE TERTIAEY STAGE in both sexes is marked by extreme depletion of the
system, the progression of the disease having produced secondary lesions of a grave
liature in the more important organs of the body. The senses become more and
more blunted, the discharge from ulcei*s and generative organs may be profuse, in
some cases there is a catarrhal discharge from the nostrils, sometimes accompanied
•by an inflammatory condition of the eyes.
The patient, at this stage has difficulty in maintaining a standing posture, gen-
erally requiring support. When moving, it sways from side to side and stubs the toes.
The knees and pasterns finally give way, the animal falls and is unable to rise again.
General paralysis, pneumonia, or other results of septic infection intervene, and hasten
the end.
Cases have been known in which animals have reached the tertiary stage and have
then made an apparent recovery. In all such cases, however, the disease has again
manifested itself in a most severe form, ending in the death of the affected animal.
An apparent recovery, therefore, should be looked upon with grave suspicion.
CONGENITAL EXANTHEMA.
Maladie du Coit is frequently confounded with another, much more common, but,
fortunately, far less dangerous venereal disease of horses known as Coital or Con-
genital Exanthema. This affection, which is not at all uncommon in Canada, gener-
ally makes its appearance during the breeding season, attention being directed to it by
the fact of various mares served by the same horse becoming affected at once.
Such mares show the presence of vaginal irritation by frequent attempts to
urinate and by switching the tail. Examination shows the vagina inflamed and
studded with small vesicles which break leaving ulcers which, however, heal readily
leaving temporary scars. These vesicles also appear frequently on the external surface
of the vulva leaving in this situation small white spots about the size of grains of shot,
which gradually become recovered with pigment. There is, during the acute stage,
more or less muco-purulent discharge from the vagina, which, however, soon ceases as
the irritation disappears. The disease is not of a malignant nature, althojigh it is
undoubtedly contagious. It yields readily to simple treatment and, except when com-
plicated by co-existent strangles or other disease, generally runs its course in from two
to four weeks.
In the stallion the vesicles appear on the penis and sheath and present character-
istics similar to those described as occurring in the mare. Sometimes, when the horse
is kept at service by an ignorant or unscrupulous groom, the ulcers become greatly
irritated, with the result that prolonged rest and careful treatment are necessitated in
order to restore the parts to a normal condition.
Coital Exanthema is not a serious disease, its principal ill effect being the loss due
1c the non-impregnation of breeding mares at the proper season. While no great alarm
need, therefore, be felt on discovering its presence, it is strongly recommended, in
view of the existence in Canada of the greatly more serious Maladie du Coit, that
owners of mares or stallions showing any abnormal condition of the generative organs
should immediately subject them to a careful examination at the hands of a qualified
veterinary practitioner. After such examination if any doubt remains as to the nature
of the disease the matter should be at once reported to this department and to the
nearest veterinary inspector.
HEALTH OF ANIMALS 227
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
DOMINION OF CANADA.
Regulatioks Eelating to Maladie du Coit.
Authorized by Order in Council dated the 22nd day of July, 1905, in virtue of ' The
Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903.'
1. No animal which is affected, or suspected of being affected, with Maladie dii
Coit shall be permitted to run at large or to come in contact with any animal which is
not so affected, and no such animal shall, in any ease, be used for breeding purposes.
2. Any veterinary inspector may declare to be an infected place within the mean-
ing of * The Animal Contagious Disease Act, 1903,' any common, field, stable or other
place or premises where animals are found which are affected or suspected of being
affected with Maladie du Coit.
3. No animal shall be removed out of an infected place without a license signed
by an inspector.
4. The Veterinary Director General may, from time to time, order the slaughter
castration, or other disposition of animals affected with Maladie du Coit.
6. Every veterinary inspector shall have full power to order animals affected, or
suspected of being affected with Maladie du Coit to be collected for inspection, and
uhen necessary, to be detained and isolated or otherwise dealt with in accordance with
the instructions of the Veterinary Director General, and no indemnity shall be allowed
to the owner in case of damage arising out of or resulting from such actions, except as
hereinafter provided.
6. The expenses of and incidental to the collection, isolation, seizure, castration or
otherwise dealing with horses for the purposes of these regulations shall be borne by
the owners of the animals.
7. No entire horse or ridgling more than one year old shall be permitted to run at
large on unfenced lands in the province of Alberta or in that portion of the province of
Saskatchewan lying west of the third principal meridian.
8. Any entire horse or ridgling more than one year old found running at large
within the area defined above may be seized and held on the order of any duly author-
ized veterinary inspector of the Department of Agriculture, who shall forthwith when-
ever possible notify the o'UTier of the said horse of such seizure, and the said horse, if
not claimed within thirty days of such seizure, may be castrated, and no indemnity
shall be allowed to the owner in case of damages arising out of or resulting frora said
castration, seizure, or detention.
9. Animals affected with Maladie du Coit may, on an order signed by a duly
appointed veterinary inspector acting under special instructions from the Veterinary
Director General, be forthwith slaughtered, and the carcasses dispose<l of as in such
order provided, and compensation may be paid to the owners of such animals if and
when the Act so provides.
10. Before an order is made for the payment of compensation iii any of the cases
aforesaid there must be produced to the Minister of Agriculture a satisfactory report,
order for slaughter and certificate of valuation and slaughter, all signed by an in-
spector.
J. G. EUTHERFORD,
Veterinary Director General.
Health of Animals Branch,
Department of Agriculture,
Ottawa.
Maladie du Coit. —Extensive ulceration of the acetabulum, a result of the disease,
of Mare from which this joint was removed on the preceding page.
See Photo.
Fig. 1.
Bacillus Mallei from a pure Culture. (xlOOO).
Fifi.
Fig. S.
Bacillus Mallei in Pus from an Orchitis. (xlOOO). Bacillus Mallei. Involution found in an old Broth
Culture. (xlOOO).
3
i
^\
Field on whrh Cattle were kept, sho\vixg growth of Kagwokt.
f
: <?i»f.i«-'.
^f'
«si^.^in :-'^'?^
■Agfa .M*lhit,
rii^ti' ir'f '« iT III .l'--^-^^-" ^^ ■*••>.,■.„-,.;■
Adjoining field on which Sheep weke kept, showini; effect un weed.
i
*
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a A 1906
INDEX.
Report of the Veterinary Director General : —
Page.
Actinomycosis 54
Anthrax 53
Anthrax statistics 54
Biological laboratory 56
Blacklegine, amount sold 56
Black quarter .- 54
Export inspections 58
Glanders 17
Glanders, Great Britain 18
" regulations relating to 19
" statistics 24
" warning 23
Hog cholera. . 7
Hog cholera, compensation paid, 1901-06 11
" regulations relating to 13
" statistics 12
Identity of Dourine 47
Import inspections 61
Importations from Great Britain 60
" Europe 61
" Mexico 62
" United States 61
Inspection of cars 65
Inspections, export '58
" import 60
Inspection of meat 66
Interview with the Ontario University Committee 67
Interview with the Hon. Nelson Monteith 67
Mange, extract from report of Western Stock Growers' Association 36
in cattle 35
in horses 48
regulations relating to 37
dipping 40
dip 37
cattle statistics 41
horse statistics 49
Maladie du coi't ,,. 42
Maladie du coit, regulations relating to 46
" " statistics 45
Meat inspection 66
Ministerial order re movement of hogs from quarantined area 8
" " inspection of transit hogs 9
" " sheep scab 51
" " inspection export sheep 52
Miscellaneous 66
15a— 16
230 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Report of the Veterinary Director General — Continued.
» Page.
Pictou cattle disease 31
Pictou cattle disease, statistics 35
Quarantine stations 63
Rabies 55
Rabies, regulations relating to 56
Regulations relating to glanders 19
" " hog cholera 13
" " maladie du coi't 46
" " mange 37
" " movement of hogs in quarantined area 7
" " rabies 56
" " sheep scab 50
" " transportation of animals between Canada and the
" " United States 9
Sheep scab 49
Sheep scab, ministerial order 51
" regulations relating to 50
" statistics 53
Statistics, anthrax 54
Statistics of Canadian live stock 3
" glanders. Dominion 24, 28
" " Ontario 26, 29
" " Quebec 25, 28
" " Manitoba 26, 29
" " Northwest 27, 30
British Columbia 27, 31
" " Yukon 28,31
" " hog cholera 12
" " maladie du coit 45
" " mange in cattle 41
" " mange in horses 49
" " Pictou cattle disease 35
" " sheep scab 63
" " tuberculosis 16
Tuberculosis 13
Tuberculosis, statistics 16
Tuberculin 14
Tuberculin, quantity issued 14
Table showing animals inspected for export 59
" export animals rejected at ports 60
Report by G. H. Acres, V.S., Dawson, Y.T 164
Asst. Commissioner R.N.W.M.P., Dawson, Y.T 162
H. T. Ayre, V.S., Regina, Sask 143
Professor M. C. Baker, D.V.S., Montreal, Que 80,171
G. H. Belaire, V.S., Pembroke, Ont 118, 190
W. S. Bell, V.S., Cranbrook, B.C 157, 212
J. W. Bland, V.S., Vancouver, B.C 158, 211
Arthur Brown, V.S., Sarnia, Ont 115, 185
J. F. Burnett, V.S., Regina, Sask 134, 197
Commissioner of R.N.W.M. Police, Regina, Sask 130,195
D. Coristine, V.S., Osoyoos, B.C 213
J. A. Couture, D.V.S., Quebec, P.Q 88, 174
lyOHX 231
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a
Page.
Eeport by V. T. Daubigny, M.V., Terrebonne, P.Q 102, lYS
A. E. Dennis, V.S., Willow Creek, Sask 140, 203
A. E. Douglas, V.S., Macleod, Alta 144, 201
J. D. Duchene, D.V.S.. Quebec, P.Q 105, 180
Thos. K. Duchene, Y. S., Chicoutimi, P.Q 104,180
A. A. Etienne, M.V., Montreal, P.Q 104, 179
J. W. Frank, V.S., Grand Forks, B.C 160, 214
Jas. H. Frink, V.S., St. John, X.i^ 83,172
J. M. Fawcett, V.S., Palmerston, Ont 120
M. V. Gallivan, V.S., Lethbridge, Alta 150,205
J. H. George, V.S., Ingersoll, Ont 191,216
J. Gibbins, M.R.C.V.S., Vancouver. B.C 162,215
F. M. Gray, M.D.V., Regina, Sask 140, 204
E. S. Greenwood, V.S.. Pendant d'Oreille, Alta 149, 203
J. O. Guy, M.V., St. Johns, P.Q 106, 181
Seymour Hadwen, D.V.S., Lethbridge, Alta 154,210
J. C. Hargrave, D.V.S., Medicine Hat, Alta 151, 208
D. Henderson, V.S., Glencoe, Ont 119, 189
E. W. Henry, V.S., Eredericton, X.B 177
C. H. Higgins, B.S., D.V.S., Ottawa, Ont 68, 166
G. W. Higginson, V.S., Eockland, Ont 112, 184
George Hilton, V.S., Ottawa, Ont 68. 166
J. B. Hollingsworth, D.V.S., Ottawa, Ont 119, 190
A. E. James, V.S., Ottawa, Ont 119
Wm. Jakeman, V.S., Halifax, N.S 85. 173
G. W. Jemison, V.S., Prescott, Ont 155
G. S. Jermyn, V.S., Osoyoos, B.C 161. 215
H. J. Johnston, V.S., Coutts, Alta 148, 205
E. A. Jones, V.S., Windsor, Ont 116, 186
B. B. Killam, D.V.S., Yarmouth, N.S 177
Jos. Kime, jr., V.S., Chatham, Ont ". 117, 188
Wm. Lawson, V.S., Dundas, Ont 187
A. A. Leckie, M.R.C.V.S., Charlottetown, P.E.I 86, 174
W. Leslie, V.S., Melita, Man 128, 194
Chas. Little, V.S., Winnipeg, Man 126, 193
W. Little, V.S., Killarney, Man 128, 194
: . J. E. Littlehales, V.S., Maple Creek, Sask 142, 202
H. J. Lundy, V.S., Emo, Ont , 121, 192
F. S. Macdonald, V.S., Souris, P.E.I ' 100, 176
D. McAlpine, V.S., Brockville, Ont 120, 189
A. McCormick, V.S., Ormstown, Que 106, 181
J. A. McCreight, V.S., Macleod, Alta 146
W. C. McGuire, D.V.S.. Cornwall, Ont 120, 190
C. McEachran, D.V.S., Montreal, Que 81, 171
• C. D. McGilvray, D.V.S., Winnipeg, Man 121, 192
D. McKercher, V.S., Peterborough, Ont 191
A. McMillan, V.S., Brandon, Man 130
C. H. McVeigh, V.S., Calgary, Alta 146,206
J. P. Molloy, M.D.V., Morris, Man 127, 193
A. E. Moore, D.V.S., Ottawa, Ont 77, 169
J. J. Mountford, V.S., Prince Albert, Sask 138,200
W. Mitchell, V.S., North Portal, Sask 139, 199
E. A. Meakings, M.D.V., Battleford, Sask 140, 201
232 DEPARTMElsT OF AGRICULTURE
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Page.
Report by R. M. Nyblett, V.S., Wliite Horse, Yukon 164
E. C. Oliver, V.S., Nelson, B.C 160
N. P. Olsen, V.S., Wood Mountain, Sask 147, 206
G. W. Orchard, V.S., Ottawa, Ont 113, 185
M. B. Perdue, V.S., Chatham, Ont Ill, 184
W. H. Pethick, V.S., Antigonish, X.S 90, 175
M. Philps, Bridgeburg, Ont 115, 187
G. C. Pinliorn, V.S., Regina, Sask 207
C. R. Richards, V.S., Victoria, B.C 162,215
P. A. Robinson, V.S., Emerson, Man ■ 127, 194
E. S. Rogers, V.S., Sault Ste. Marie, Ont 191
W. B. Rowe, V.S., Blenheim, Ont 117, 188
R. D. Scurfield, M.D.V.. Crystal City, Man 127
W. A. Shoults, V.S., Gladstone, Man 129
Prof. A. Smith, F.R.C.V.S., V.S.. Toronto, Ont 107,181
J. A. Stevenson, V.S., Carman, Man 129, 195
W. W. Stork, V.S., Brampton, Ont 109, 183
Wm. Stubbs, V.S., Caledon, Ont 107, 182
B. A. Sugden, D.V.S., Montreal, Que 82, 172
C. H. Sweetapple, V.S., Fort Saskatchewan, Alta 137,199
D. S. Tamblyn, D.V.S., Midway, B.C 158,212
J. H. Tennant, V.S., London, Ont 108, 182
J. R. Thorne, V.S., Wallaceburg. Ont 117, 188
E. C. Thurston, D.V.S., Sydney, X.S 177
S. F. Tolmie, V.S., Victoria, B.C 156
F. Torrance, B.A., D.V.S., Winnipeg, Man 125
G. Townsend, V.S., New Glasgow, N.S 100, 176
P. K. Walters, V.S., Calgary, Alta 210
D. Warnock, M.R.C.V.S., Pincher Creek, Alta 153,209
T. E. Watson, V.S., Niagara Falls South, Ont 121, 189
S. A. K. White, V.S., Cardston, Alta 149,201
J. D. Whyte, D.V.S., Sherbrooke, Que 102, 178
Hemlock Poisoning, by D. Warnock, M.R.C.V.S 220
Osteo Malacia, by D. Warnock, M.R.C.V.S 217
Maladie du coi't, by J. G. Rutherford, Veterinary Director General 222
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906
APPENDIX TO THE REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
REPORTS
OP THR
DIRECTOR ___---_ Wir. SAUNDERS, C.M.G., LL.D.
AGRICULTURIST ------ J. H. GRISDALE, B. Agr.
HORTICULTURIST - - - - - - W. T. MACOUN
CHEMIST ------- F. T. SHUTT, M.A.
ENTOMOLOGIST and BOTANIST - - - - JAS. FLETCHER, LL.D.
CEREALIST ------- Q. E. SAUNDERS, Ph.D.
POULTRY MANAGER - - - - - - A. G. GILBERT
SUPT. EXPERIMENTAL FARM, Nappan, N.S. - R. ROBERTSON
HORTICULTURIST ,. „ „ _ - w. S. BLAIR
SUPT. EXPERIMENTAL FARM, Brandon, Man. - S. A. BEDFORD
n n !• Indian Head, Sask. - ANGUS MACKAY
• H 11 Agassiz, B.C. - THOS. A. SHARPE
FOR
1905
PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT
OTTAWA
PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST
EXCELLENT MAJESTY
1906
[No. 16—1906.]
I
I
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1« A. 1906
APPEI^DIX
TO THE
REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE
02T
EXPERIMENTAL EARMS
Ottawa, December 1, 1905.
Sir, — I beg to submit for your approval the nineteenth annual report of the work
done, and in progress, at the several experimental farms.
In addition to my report, you will find appended reports from the following ofiicers
of the Central Experimental Farm: — From the Agriculturist, Mr. J. H. Grisdale;
from the Horticulturist, Mr. W. T. Macoun; from the Chemist, Mr. Frank T. Shutt;
from the Entomologist and Botanist, Dr. James Fletcher; from the Cerealist, Dr.
C. E. Saunders, and from the Poultry Manager, Mr. A. G. Gilbert.
From the Branch Experimental Farms there are reports from Mr. R. Robertson,
Superintendent, and from Mr. W. S. Blair, Horticulturist of the Experimental Fai-m
for the Maritime. Provinces, at ISTappan, Nova Scotia; from Mr. S. A. Bedford, Super-
intendent of the Experimental Farm for Manitoba at Brandon; from Mr. Angus
Mackay, Superintendent of the Experimental Farm for the North-west Territories,
at Indian Head, and from Mr. Thomas A. Sharpe, Superintendent of the Experimental
Farm for British Columbia, at Agassiz.
In these reports there will be found the results of many important and carefully
conducted experiments in agriculture, horticulture and arboriculture, the outcome of
practical and scientific work in the fields, barns, dairy and ix)ultry buildings, orchards
and plantations at the several experimental farms ; also of scientific research in con-
nection with the breeding of cereals and in determining their relative value; also of
research work in the chemical laboratories bearing on many branches of agricultural
and horticultural employment and of information gained from the careful study of
the life histories and habits of injurious insects and the methods by which noxious
weeds are propagated and spread, together with the most practical and economical
1&— IJ
4 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
measures for their destruction. In the report of the Entomologist and Botanist will
also be found particulars of the experiments and observations which have been made
during the past year in connection with the Apiary.
The large and constantly increasing demand by the farmers of the Dominion for
the publications issued from the experimental farms, the rapidly extending corres-
pondence and the readiness shown by farmers everywhere to co-operate with the work
of the farms in the testing of new and promising varieties of cereals furnish gratifj'-
ing evidence of the desire for information and improvement among this class of the
community, also of the high esteem in which the work of the farms is held. It is
hoped that the facts brought together in the present issue will be found of much prac-
tical value to the Canadian farmer and fruit-grower, and that they may assist in ad-
vancing agriculture and horticulture in this country.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
WM. SAUNDERS,
Director of Experimental Farms.
To the Honourable,
The Minister of Agriculture,
Ottawa.
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR
(WM. SAUNDERS, C.M.G., LL.D., F.R.S.C., F.L.S.)
1905
Canadian farmers have been blessed wath. another bountiful harvest, and the crops
gathered have been very satisfactory over almost the whole of the settled parts of the
Dominion.
On the Pacific coast the hay crop, which is one of great importance in the coast
climate of British Columbia, has been unusually large, and has been saved in good
condition. Oats, probably the next largest crop in that province, have given a heavy
yield of excellent grain. Barley, pease, Indian com, and field roots have all done well.
Wheat, which, however, occupies but a small area there has given a crop below the
average, owing to the prevalence of the wheat midge Diplosis tritici.
The fruit crop, which is fast becoming an important one in that province, has on
the whole been satisfactory. Apples, pears and plums have produced in most localities
a medium crop, and in some districts the yield has been a heavy one. Small fruits of
all sorts have done well.
The production of butter, also of poultry and eggs is increasing, and hop growing
is being extended with profitable results.
In Alberta there is a large and rapidly increasing area devoted to spring wheat
and oats. The cultivation of winter wheat is also being greatly extended, while barley
and other useful crops occupy smaller areas. All these have given very satisfactory
returns during the season of 19Q5. The beet sugar factory at Raymond, in Southern
Alberta, has had a good season, and a large quantity of sugar beets of excellent quality
has been worked. The dairy interests in Northern Alberta are also advancing, and a
large quantity of butter has been exported during the past year. New settlers are
flocking in to all those parts which are being oi)ened up by railways, and this accession
of population will soon result in a very large increase in the area of land under
cultivation.
The crops in Saskatchewan have never been better. Many new districts have been
opened up, and large crops of wheat grown in localities where a few years ago the land
was passed over by settlers as unpromising for wheat growing. Throughout these
western provinces grain this year of all sorts was excellent in yield and quality, and
was practically all cut before frost occurred.
In Manitoba also a large harvest has been gathered of grain of high quality, which
has given an enduring stimulus to business of all sorts, and placed farmers generally
in a comfortable position. The larger part of the wheat harvested has graded No. 1
Northern, while oats and barley have given crops of unusual weight and quality. The
stock and dairy interests are also making satisfactory progress.
6 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906
In Ontario tlie liay has been an unusually heavy crop, well above the average.
The same may be said of fall and spring wheat, oats and barley, all of which are now
important crops in this province. Field roots and Indian corn have given about an
average return.
Pastures have made fair to good growth during the summer and fall, and all
classes of live stock are in good condition. Apples have been a medium crop and have
conunanded good prices, while pears, plums, peaches and grapes have yielded well.
In the western counties of Quebec, where the rainfall has been sufficient, hay has
yielded abundantly, and owing to the rich pasturage the dairy industry has flourished,
and field crops of all sorts have given satisfactory returns. The eastern counties have
suffered somewhat from drought, and there the crops have been lighter and the dairy
output has been lessened owing to inferior pastures.
In the Maritime Provinces the hay crop as a whole is said to have been above the
average, while oats have given a fair average return; wheat and barley also have done
well. The early part of the season was cold and wet, and seeding was delayed. Later
the weather was very favourable and crops matured rapidly. In September dry weather
set in, which prevented the usual growth in field roots and the drought brought many
CTops which promised to be heavy down to an average or less than an average yield.
In the fruit producing districts the apple crop was a very fair one, the fruit was
large and of excellent quality and has realized good prices.
Upon the progress of farming in all sections of Canada the experimental farms
continue to exercise a weighty influence. The results of nineteen years of ceaseless
inquiry into the needs of farmers in all parts of the country has resulted in the ac-
cumulation of volumes of information and experience which are placed within reach
of aU who need them. Instruction and information have been given out on every
hand covering every branch of agriculture and horticulture. Reports and bulletins
have been sent in thousands and tens of thousands, in response to inquiries from
earnest seekers after information from all parts of the country. The knowledge ac-
quired by long experience, close observation and careful study has been spread over the
whole Dominion, and none need dwell in ignorance as to the best methods to adopt to
Tender their work successful. Correspondence with farmers has been encouraged and
many thousands of letters have been written by the officers of the farms in response to
inquiries on special subjects. Many meetings of farmers held in the different pro-
vinces of the Dominion have been attended by farm officers, and opportunities afforded
of bringing under the direct notice of many farmers some of the more important
aspects of the work carried on at the several experimental farms.
Thus, Canadian farmers are growing in intelligence and becoming more resource-
ful and successful in their work, while the stranger coming among us is helped in
many directions with information as to the best way of overcoming difficulties and of
directing his energies along profitable lines.
THE GROWING OP WINTER WHEAT IN ALBERTA.
The recent remarkable increase in the quantity of winter wheat grown in the
province of Alberta is a subject of much interest and is claiming the attention of grain
growers and millers in all parts of the western country. In the Annual Report of the
Experimental Farms for 1901, when giving an account of a vi-sit paid during August
of that year to the district lying between Cardston and Pincher in Southern Alberta,
I said, ' Notwithstanding its high elevation of SfiOO to 3,500 feet the climate is such
that winter wheat is grown in many localities quite successfully. This now forms an
important crop both at Cardston and Pincher, many of the farmers reaping from 30
to 40 bushels per acre. The variety chiefly grown at Cardston is a beardless red-chaff
wheat known as Odessa, that most grown at Pincher is a bearded wheat the name of
which has been lost.'
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 7
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
At that time no very large area was occupied by this crop, and with many farmers
spring wheat was preferred and the cultivation of wint<?r wheat had scarcely passed
the experimental stage. Since then the acreage under this crop has much increased,
and the growing of winter wheat become much more general, especially in the Leth-
bridge, Macleod and Pincher districts.
A statement as to the area under winter wheat and the yield of grain per acre
appeared for the first time in the Annual Crop Report for the North-west Territories
for 1903, in which it was stated that this crop occupied 3,440 acres and had given a total
yield of 82,418 bushels. In 1904 the acreage was increased to 8,296 and the total crop
to 152,125 bushels. The returns for 1905 are not yet available, but there is no doubt
that they will show a much larger proportionate increase. While the total crop of
winter wheat in Alberta in 1904 is far exceeded by spring wheat, it must be borne in
mind that in some of the districts of Southern Alberta, where only a limited area of
land is under cultivation, winter wheat formed that year more than one-third of the
entire wheat crop, and there is little doubt that the returns for 1905 will show a much
larger proportion of winter wheat.
raTRODUCTIOX OF SEED OF SUPERIOR QUALITY.
During the past two or three years, a variety of wheat known as Turkey Red has
been introduced and is fast coming into general cultivation in Alberta. Much of the
seed sown last year was brought from Kansas, where it is commonly grown. It was
brought in by the Canadian Pacific Railway and supplied to the farmers at cost.
Turkey Red is a wheat of high quality, probably the best in this respect of all the
winter wheats. It is a bearded variety with rather a short head, and does not look as
if it would be very productive, and in Ontario it has the reputation of being a light
yielder. In Alberta this variety stools very freely, often producing from five to seven
heads from a single kernel, and its general productiveness has been a matter of sur-
prise to many. Samples we have had, brought from Kansas, have shown the kernel to
be small and thin, with a weight per bushel of 60 to 61 lbs., while in samples grown in
Alberta, the kernels have been much more plump and brighter in colour, with a weight
per bushel of 64 lb. and over. This wheat is a favourite with millers in Kansas, and
there is no doubt it will make excellent flour.
A TOUR OF INVESTIGATION.
With the object of inquiring more fully into the agricultural conditions and
possibilities of the western part of southern and northern Alberta, having especially in
view the production of winter wheat, a visit was paid during the past season to differ-
ent parts of that province in company with Mr. A. Mackay, Superintendent of the
Experimental farm at Indian Head, Sask.
We arrived at Calgary August 27, when we called on Mr. J. S. Dennis, Superin-
tendent of Irrigation for the Canadian Pacific Railway, from whom we obtained much
valuable information, especially with regard to the progress of irrigation in Alberta.
Through the courtesy of Mr. Dennis we were shown over the irrigation works of the
Canadian Pacific Railway, within ten or twelve miles of Calgary, and had the oppor-
tunity of seeing the great progress which has been made there. It is expected that
when this gigantic undertaking is completed, that the irrigation ditches will distribute
water sufficient to irrigate about one million acres of land. It is difficult to realize the
wonderful change this will bring about over a large part of the area lying between
Calgary and Medicine Hat and when the irrigated land becomes saturated with suffi-
cient water this will no doubt bring about more favourable conditions of moisture for
the growing of crops on adjoining lands too high to be reached by the flowing streams.
8 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD Vli., A. 1906
■JOURNEY THROUGH SOUTHERN ALBERTA.
On August 29 we left Calgary and proceeded southward. North of DeWinton a
few fields of wheat were seen from the railway and from Okotoks to High river, a
large number of fields were in view. High river was our first stopping place, and
here we drove about 50 miles over the country and visited several farms.
HIGH RrV'ER AND VICINITY.
Mr. R. H. Robertson, High River P.O., had 47 acres of Turkey Red wheat which
at this date, August 30, was all cut and threshed. The sample was an excellent one,
plump and heavy, and the crop w.as estimated at from 40 to 44 bushels per acre. Mr.
Robertson cut his Turkey Red wheat August 15. He also had a fine field of spring
wheat. White Fife, which was cut September 1.
The estimates of crops given throughout this narrative are those of the growers,
the correctness of which we had no means of accurately testing, but from what we
saw of the wheat under different conditions, while still standing, of the appearance
and bulk of the grain when threshed, and of the character of the stubble we regarded
the estimates given of the crops on the fields we visited as approximately correct.
Mr. Wm. Thompson, High River, P. 0., had 27 acres Turkey Red, estimated yield
35 to 40 bushels per acre. Sowed only one bushel of seed per acre, sown August 15,
1904; cut August 20, 1905. He was threshing at the time of our visit and the grain
was a fine sample. He also had a large oat crop which he expected would give from
80 to 90 bushels per acre.
Mr. R. D. Brown, High River, P. O., had 60 acres Turkey Red. He sowed I5
bushels per acre on August 15, 1904, and it was cut August 15, 1905. Threshing was
in progress August 30. Estimated crop, 40 bushels per acre.
Mr. Oilman, Okotoks, P.O., had 20 acres of winter Wheat, Dawson's Golden Chaff
mixed with some Tenessee Giant. This was sown July 26, 1904, and harvested August
10, 1905. The grain was not then threshed, but he expected to get 30 bushels per acre.
Mr. A. Clayton, High River, had 30 acres of winter wheat from which he was
expecting 35 bushels per acre.
South of High River, especially from Stavely to Claresholm, many good sized
fields were seen under crop and considerable quantities of land were ploughed and ready
for seeding.
CLARESHOLM TO MACLEOD.
Claresholm was our next stopping place, where we had another long drive of 50
miles or more before reaching Macleod.
Mr. Robert Pearson, Claresholm, had a large field of winter wheat, which prom-
ised well. He was cutting this at the time of our visit and expected it to average over
80 bushels per acre.
Mr. George Hartman, near Claresholm, had 200 acres of winter wheat which was
all cut and stacked, but none of it had then been threshed.
From Claresholm to Leavings there were many large fields of winter wheat, and
still larger areas sown or ready for sowing, and similar conditions prevailed from
Leavings to near Macleod. In this district many large fields of winter wheat were
seen, mostly in stook.
Mr. Fred. Garrow, of Cutbanks, had 33 acres of winter wheat which were said to
Lave given him 1,350 bushels in all.
Mr. Grady, 18 miles west of Macleod, had 80 acres of winter wheat which was
80wn in October, 1904, and cut in the middle of August, 1905. This farm is at an
elevation of about 4,000 feet above sea level. The crop was excellent and the grain
matured welL
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 9
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Taylor Bros., 7 miles north of Macleod, had a large field of winter wheat which
was all cut and in stook by August 15. He started cutting August 4.
Mr. J. McNaught, 12 miles from Macleod, had 250 acres of wheat, some of which
was winter, but most of it was spring wheat.
Mr. Miller, of this district had 50 acres of winter wheat estimated to give 30
bushels per acre.
In the "Willow Creek district. 10 miles north of Macleod, Thompson Bros, had over
400 acres of spring wheat. Red Fife, which was then being threshed and was expected
to give 25 bushels per acre.
Mr. I>ee Evans, 3 miles east of Macleod, had 140 acres under winter wheat, mostly
Turkey Bed, with some Golden Chaff, which was cut during the first week in August,
and was exi)ected to give 25 bushels to the acre.
Mr. Peter Eohlig, Macleod, had 6 acres of winter wheat, Turkey Bed, said to have
yielded him 56 bushels per acre.
Mr. J. Bobert, Macleod, is said to have threshed 500 bushels of good winter wheat,
from 10 acres.
Mr. Hayter, of this district, had 200 acres of winter wheat, which is said to have
given him an average of 33 bushels per acre.
Mr. Peter Boberts, 9 miles south of Macleod, had six acres of Turkey Bed, which
gave him 300 bushels of fine wheat.
LETHBRIDGE TO CARDSTON.
From Macleod we went to Lethbridge and visited some farms in that neighbour-
hood.
Bichard G. Watkin had 40 acres of spring wheat, Bed Fife, which was just about
ready for cutting and looked very promising, this would probably give him from 30
to 35 bushels per acre.
Seven miles from Lethbridge Mr. C. Magrath had 100 acres of Turkey Bed. This
was sown in August, 1904, and at the time of our visit had been threshed and sold.
The yield was 17 bushels per acre. A sample of this wheat was procured, it was very
fine and plump and weighed 64 pounds per bushel. This field was on high land, and
in this locality the weather was unusually dry and the crop had suffered from drought,
which had reduced the yield.
Nine miles from Lethbridge, also on high land, was a very large field said to con-
tain two thousand acres, which seemed to be well prepared. This belonged to Silver
and Carman, and at that time was nearly all sown, one seeder only was working at
one end of the field to finish it. The ploughing in this case was done in the ordinary
way.
Nearly adjoining this was another large field said to contain 500 acres also pre-
pared for winter wheat. This had been broken by a steam plough and seemed to be
worked up very evenly.
In travelling over the country from Lethbridge to Cardston by rail many fields
of winter wheat were seen, but there was not much opportunity of visiting individual
farms.
Mr. T. J. Smellie, of Baymond, came from Idaho one and a half years ago. He had
this year 1,300 acres of winter wheat, all Turkey Bed, which averaged about 15 bushels
per acre. He had expected a larger yield but the very dry weather which preceded
harvest there had cut the crop short. He expected to finish seeding 1,000 acres during
September. Mr. Smellie grows principally winter wheat, and inclines to tlie opinion
that the Odessa is more profitable than the Turkey Bed.
Mr. W. L. Thompson had about 1,700 acres in the Spring Coiilee district, chipfly
Turkey Bed, with some Odessa. Mr. Thompson's wheat was cut and threshed and is
said to have averaged from 15 to 20 bushels per acre. We were informed that there
10 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
were in all about 20,000 acres of wheat in this district, chiefly winter sorts. One
elevator was built at Spring Coulee, and a second one nearly built which would be
ready in time to receive the crop. Seven elevators in all have been built along this
line.
ABOUT PINCnER AND COWLEY.
The next part visited was the district about Pincher and Cowley along the line
of the Canadian Pacific Eailway towards the Crow's Nest Pass.
At Pincher we saw the wheat fields of Mr. Wm. R. Dobble. He has 1,170 acres of
winter wheat, about 550 of Turkey Red, 20O of Odessa, and the remainder mixed bald
and bearded wheats. One field of Turkey Red examined we estimated at 30 to 35
bushels per acre. One part of his crop which had been sown late was lighter and would
not probably give more than 15 to 20 bushels per acre.
Mr. G. W. Buchanan, of Pincher, had 300 acres of winter wheat, and many other
farmers in the district from 50 to 100 acres or more. Most of the land in this part of
the country has been fenced in, and nearly all the homesteads have been taken within
reasonable distance of railways, and much additional land held for sale has been pur-
chased by incoming settlers. In driving about this neighbourhood, and from Pincher
to Cowley, large quantities of winter wheat were seen in stook covering many hundreds
of acres, also many fields of recently sown grain.
At Cowley Mr. Bryce Miller had 110 acres Odessa and Turkey Red. His wheat
was cut on August 15.
Mr. J. E. Davison had 50 acres of winter wheat near the station, and many other
fields large and small could be seen in the distance.
BEST TIME FOR SOWING, &C.
Much difference of opinion was expressed by the farmers we visited as to the best
time to sow winter wheat in Southern Alberta, but judging from the results seen it
would appear safer as a rule to sow on well prepared land from the last week in
August to the middle of September.
We did not hear of any injurious insects affecting the winter wheat crop, but
there was a good deal of smut in the grain in some localities. Where this occurs the
grain is considerably lessened in value, and as this disease is so easily prevented by
treating the seed with copper sulphate, bluestone, (one pound dissolved in three gallons
of water and sprinkled on 10 bushels of grain a few hours before sowing) no farmer
should neglect to take this precaution.
With regard to the time of ripening, the winter wheat in Southern Alberta ma-
tures on an average about ten days earlier than the spring varieties. Most of the wheat
thus far referred to was grown on land which five years ago was considered fit only
for grazing and with one or two slight exceptions was all grown without irrigation.
MSIT TO NORTHERN ALBERTA.
In pursuance of this investigation we visited also the northern part of the pro-
vince from Calgary to Edmonton and found more or less winter wheat being grown
at many different points, although the total area under this crop in Northern All:)erta
is as yet relatively small.
In the suburbs of Calgary Mr. Wm. Pearce had a few acres of winter wheat sown
this season which had made strong growth and looked promising.
Fields of winter wheat varying in size were seen from the train in many different
places. Some were in stook, others but recently sown and well up. Fields of this crop
were most numerous from Crossfield to Olds. In a drive taken through the district
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 11
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
surrounding Innisfail, considerable quantities of wheat were seen, some of it winter
corts. In a similar drive about Red Deer several fields of winter wheat we^e noticed.
Mr. Joseph W. Smith, Eed Deer, P.O., had 18 acres of winter wheat which gave
him 51 bushels per acre. We saw this wheat, which was very good and plump.
Another farmer a short distance from Ked Deer sowed three bu5he]s of Turkey
Ivcd wheat on a little less than three acres of land and threshed 151 bushels. Ihis was
the first experiment with Turkey Red in that locality.
In travelling from Blackfalds to Lacombe, one large field of winter wheat was
seen recently sown and well up, and another large field in stook near Ln combe. Dur-
ing a drive in that neighbourhood other fields were seen.
While in Edmonton two days were occupied in driving about the country, but not
much winter wheat was seen there. Had time permitteckus to visit a larger number
cf farmers in Northern Alberta we should no doubt have seen many more fields of
this grain.
In the annual report of the Department of Agriculture for the North-west Terri-
lories for 1904, the total area of winter wheat grown that year in the several districts
included in that part of the province we visited is given as follows : —
District No. 12 — Edmonton, Strathcona and Wetaskiwin: Winter wheat 47 acres;
average crop, 13 :23 bushels per acre.
District No. 13 — Red Deer, Lacombe and Ponoka: Winter wheat, 344 acres; arer-
ege crop, 30 "24 bushels per acre.
District No. 14 — Inni?fail, Olds and Didsbury, including the country adjacent to
+he Calgary and Edmonton railway from Carstairs to Penhold: Winter wheat, 915
acres ; average crop, 21 r95 bushels per acre.
From these figures it will be seen that winter wheat is being tested over a large
area in Northern Alberta, but it does not yet occupy that prominent position as a crop
which it does in the southern parts of the province.
The results of the experiments which have been tried seem to show that the cli-
matic conditions prevailing in Northern Alberta are favourable for the growth of
winter wheat; and if further experiments confirm the idea now prevailing that there is
a gain of ten days in the time of ripening and a heavier average yield, these potent
factors may lead to the cultivation of this grain in the north in much larger quantities.
Spring wheat is of course grown successfully over the greater part of the settled
country, and the acreage under this crop is rapidly increasing.
Wlien considering the advantages attending the growing of winter wheat in
x\lberta it should be borne in mind that the land cannot be used so advantageously as
in the case of spring wheat. Only one crop of winter wheat can be had in two years,
unless an early spring crop be grown, such as oats or mixed grain cut green for feed
early enough to admit of the land being ploughed in time for the sowing of winter
wheat. Spring grain might of course follow winter wheat, to be succeeded by summer
fallow, which would give two grain crops in three years.
In carrying out this investigation a large area of country has been covered, in-
volving over 800 miles of railway travel and over 300 miles by vehicle.
EXPERD.IENTS IN GROWING FARM CROPS IN THE YUKON.
With the object of gaining some information as to the agricultural possibilities of
some parts of the Yukon Territory, a course of experiments was planned in consulta-
tion with the Comptroller of the Royal North-west Mounted Police, who has very
kindly co-operated with me in this matter. He has given directions for the proper
distribution of the material sent, and both the officers and men of the police force
deserve many thanks for the kindly interest they have taken in this work.
The packages of grain, grass seeds and potatoes were forwarded from Ottawa on
April 18, 1905, but owing to the lack of mail facilities for carrying packages in that
distant region during the winter months they did not reach Dawson until early in
June which was too late for uniform success in that climate.
12 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
A part of the material forwarded for test was left at White Horse in charge of
the commanding officer. Sup. A. E. Snyder, who received the samples there about the
middle of May.
LIST OF THE SAMPLES FORWARDED.
8 — 1-lb. hags Brome Grass Seed.
8 — 1-lb. bags Western Rye Grass.
8— 1-lb. bags Timothy.
8 — 1-lb. bags Hungarian Grass.
8 — 5-lb. bags wheat (two each Early Riga, Ladoga, Preston and Stanley).
8 — 41b. bags oats (four of Improved Ligowo and two each of Welcome and Tartar
King).
8 — 5-lb. bags barley (four of Mensury and two each of Odessa and Champion).
10 — 3-lb. bags potatoes (five each of Rochester Rose and Vick's Extra Early).
The following explanations and instructions were sent with the samples : —
* In sending the samples above enumerated provision has been made for testing
them at eight or ten different points. The Brome and Western Rye grasses are both
very hardy perennial sorts. The Timothy is not so hardy but is also a perennial and
will be iiseful for a comparative test. The Hungarian grass is a variety of Millet, it
is an annual which matures very early, and it will I hope be found useful as a forage
crop.'
' The grasses should be sown as early as practicable. They may be sown broadcast
and covered by hand raking or in rows seven or eight inches apart. If convenient it
may be well to try both methods. Where weeds are prevalent, the plots can be more
easily kept clean where grass seed is sown in rows. Where plots are allowed to become
overgrown with weeds the crops are much injured thereby, and the yields are usually
small.
' All the varieties of grain sent are early ripening sorts, and, hence, among the
most promising for testing in the Yukon country. They should be sown as early as
the land is in condition to be worked, and may be sown broadcast or in drills. If
sown broadcast the land should be subsequently raked until the seed is well covered;
if in rows the seed should be buried to a depth of two inches. Each sample of grain
Bent is sufficient to sow one-twentieth of an acre, a plot 33 by 66 feet. The quantity of
grass seed in each bag will sow a similar sized plot.
' The varieties of potatoes sent are both extra early sorts. They are also productive
and of excellent quality. In preparing them for planting they should be cut so as to
have from two to three eyes in each piece, or set, and planted in rows 2^ feet apart,
and the sets placed about a foot apart in the rows and covered with about four inches
of soil.'
Reports of the results obtained from the planting of these samples were received
from the Assistant Commissioner at Dawson, T. G. Moore, commanding officer for the
Yukon Territory, also from Supt. A. E. Snyder, commander at White Horse, as
follows : —
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR
13
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
REPORT ON SEEDS SUPPLIED BY THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM, DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE, SOWN IN YUKON TERRITORY DURING SEASON OF 1905.
Tested by.
Wm. Horkan. .
Name of Seed.
Mensury barley . . .
tt It
(Seed received 1904.)
Odessa barley.
Timothy grass
P. Reitama..
Brome grass
Hungarian grass . . .
Western Rye grass .
Welcome oats
Date of
Planting.
Date of
Report.
Impr'd Ligowo oats
Stanley wheat
Preston wheat
Rochester Rose pota-
toes.
Vick'a Extra Early
potatoes.
Timothy grass. . . .
Western Rye grass .
13-6-1905
23-5-1905
15-6-1905
12-6-1905
12-6-1905
12-6-1905
12-6-1905
13-6-1905
15-6-1905
15-6-1905
15-6-1905
15-6-1905
12-6-1905
12-6-1905
8-6-1905
8-6-1905
Report of Grower.
18-8-1905 Sown in new ground, well worked, and is
doing well, but was planted too late for
perfect maturity this season.
I planted the same seed in the Government
House garden and it ripened well and will
be ready for harvest in one week more, or
about 13 weeks from seed to sickle. Excel-
lent for the Yukon either for hay or grain,
but should be planted early.
Notwithstanding late sowing and continued
dry weather in June and July it has grown
vigorously but can hardly npen perfectly
this season. If sown in May or early in
June I believe this would be a useful and
profitable variety for this climate.
Sown in Administration lawn separately and
mixed — has done remarkably well, was cut
four times and is now refreshing to look at.
Well adapted for lawn, pasture and meadow
in the Yukon.
Sown in Government House lawn separately
and mixed with other grasses and in all
cases has provcsd a vigorous grower. A
good hay and field grass for this climate.
Sown in Government House grounds, has
done well, was cut three times and is now
growing vigorously. A useful grass for
thii climate.
Sown on Government House lawn in partial
shade. Growth vigorous and very satis-
factory.
Sown in Administration grounds separately
and mixed with other grasses and in each
case has done well and is now verdantly
and vigorously growing. Well adapted for
this climate.
Good vigorous grower, but sown too late for
this season's harvest. It is now doing well
and will be an excellent crop for the Yukon
if sown early as frost will permit.
Growing well and promising good returns,
but too late for this season's harvest. A
good hardy oat that should be planted
early.
Sown in new ground, well worked. Is grow-
ing nicely and looking well, but too late
for practical results this year. I have re-
served some of the seed for early planting
next season.
Growing vigorously and full of promise, but
too late to mature before frost. I have re-
served some of the seed for next season's
early sowing.
A good strong vigorous grower ; stalks stout
and well shaped ; tubers of good size and
maturing well considering the very late
sowing. I think it will be an excellent
variety for early planting.
Stalk growth slender and small, tubers
equally backward. Not so good, so far, as
the Rochester Rose, sown in the same soil
and under equal conditions. Seed received
too late for satisfactory test.
Growth fairly good.
Growth very poor.
18-8-1905
18-8-1905
18-8-1905
18-8-1905
18 8-1905
18-8-1905
18-8-1905
18-8-1905
18-8-1905
18-8-1905
18-8-1905
18-8-1905
18-8-1905
9-9-1905
9-9-1905
u
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
REPORT ON SEEDS SUPPLIED BY THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM, &o.— Continued.
Tested by.
P. Reitsma
Supt. Cuthbert. .
W. n. Dailey. '. '.
N, F. Hagel...'.'
Name of Seed.
Tartar King oat3
Mensury barley
Vick's Extra Early
potatoes.
Western Rye grass . .
Brome grass . . .
Timothy grass.
W. R. DubeU.
Oats
Wheat
Vick's Extra Early
potatoes.
Rochester Rose pota-
toes.
Date of
Planting.
9-6-1905
9-6-1905
7-6-1905
7-6-1905
24-5-1905
24-5-1905
24-5-1905
J. P.Whitehouse Vick's Extra Early
potatoes.
„ . . Rochester Rose pota-
toes.
„ , . Early Riga wheat . . .
4-6-190r
4-6-1905
5-6-1905
Date of
Report.
Rc^jort of Grower.
9-9-1905
9-9-1905
9-9-1905
5-9-1905
5-9-1905
13-9-1905
15-9-1905
13-9-1905
14-8-1905
14-8-1905
Growth splendid, will, I believe, mature if
put in very early in spring.
Splendid growth until the heavy rain set in,
would undoubtedly mature here if put in
about the middle of ilay.
Good growth, a heavy yielder. Did not
mature on account of heavy frost in August.
N.B — Above named seeds were planted in
rich sand and loamy soil, well manured in
previous years. By planting a month
earlier we can raise fairly good crops around
Dawson.
Both seeds were late in sowing, but have
shown good growth and are suitable for
this country.
Cut on August 20th ; in flower for over two
weeks before cutting.
Cut grain on August 29th.
Killed by high water.
The plants are at this date looking exceed-
ingly well and have been in bloom for about
three weeks. I think they will mature and
have no doubt of it had they been planted
earlier.
As to results obtained from seeds furnished
by the police department, I would like to
state that after receiving the seeds and
thinking over the m.atter, I came to the
conclusion that neither the soil, conditions
or sea.=on on which the seeds were received
were suitable for a proper test of the same.
As I am one of the pioneer farmers of the
Yukon Territory, I am very much interest-
ed in this matter and I thought best to hold
the seeds over for another year in order
that I may be able to make what I consider
a fair test for the same on an average piece
of ground and sown at the proper time for
seeding. I will hold the seeds over until
the coming spring and will be pleased to
furnish the department with specimens and
details concerning their culture and growth.
I would suggest that all experimental seeds
be sent to Dawson during the fall or winter
months as a short period of even ten days
very often deteimines the success or failure
of any crop of cereals or vegetables in this
vicinity. From my experience I consider
that any seeds planted after the date on
which I received these packages for experi-.
ment (latter part of May) would be practi-
cally thrown away and in order to give
them a fair test should be planted almost
before the frost has left the ground. I shall
be pleased to furnish the department with
any information I can give, at all times.
12 8-1905 Good robust growth ; at present in blossom.
12-8-1905 Not quite aa good a grower as Vick's but
appears to make a better setting of tubers.
12-8-1905 Made fairly good growth considering the
time of sowing ; well headed out but quite
green at present.
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR
15
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
REPORT ON SEEDS SUPPLIED BY THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM, kc— Concluded.
Tested by.
Name of Seed.
Date of
Planting-
J. P. Whitehouse
iMensury barley
Ligowo oats
Timothy grass . ...
Hungarian grass
Brome and Western
Rye grass.
5-6-1905
5-6-1905
5-6-1905
5-6-1905
5-6-1905
Date of
Report.
12-8-1905
12-8-1905
12-8-1905
12-8-1905
12-8-1905
Rejxirt of Grower.
Made a good start, but frost on nigbt of June
12th cut it down. At present just heading
out.
Made very good growth ; stooled heavily and
headed well ; straw about 3^ feet in length,
quite green at this time.
Some of this I seeded with the oats which
has made a fairly good catch. The
balance did not do so well seeded alone,
owing to dry weather, is just showing up
well now.
Owing to drought did not start until late.
Will not make any growth to speak of.
The dry weather held these seeds back for a
long time. Not a good catch and I don't
think they will stand the winter.
N.B. — All these seeds could have been
planted by May 10th. At that time the
soil was in better condition and the weather
more favourable. The Timothy I think
will stand the winter. Will report on
yield of potatoes and on seeds next
spring, if required.
Z. G. Wood,
Assistant Commissioner Comd'g E.NAVM. Police, YuJcon Territory.
REPORT FROM WHITE HORSE.
I have the honour, to submit the following report, giving results of the seeds, ob-
tained from the Experimental i'arm, Ottawa, and planted at several places in this
district this sirring: —
GRASS.
Brome — This was planted at White Horse and Ten Mile Point. That at Ten Mile
Point only attained a growth of three inches, being planted in new ground, and having
ro rainfall. That at Wliite Horse, where we had more' rain turned out better.
Western Rye — This was planted at White Horse, Ten Mile Point and Big Bend,
on the Kluahne trail about 80 miles from White Horse. At White Horse and Big
Bend, it was a surprise in growth and would yield aboiit three tons, or so, to the acre,
while at Ten Mile Point it only attained a growth of three inches.
Hungarian — This was planted at White Horse and was a failure, the season being
loo dry. Timothy — This was planted by two different parties at White Horse, with
one it turned out a failure while with the other, although planted on poorer ground,
made a most luxuriant growth and in the opinion of the man who planted it is
admirably suited to the conditions existing in this portion of the Yukon Territory.
At Big Bend the timothy was a failure, the man who planted it claiming that it
required more water and better preparation of soil than the rye grass.
16 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903
OATS.
The Improved Ligowo was planted at White Horse and Big Bend, that at "Whit.6
Horse was planted on high and low ground, both ripening and turning out an excel-
lent quality of oats, while that at Big Bend was a failure, the person planting it claim-
ing that the season there was too dry.
Welcome— Some of this seed was planted at Ten Mile Point, put in on new land
with no rainfall, it only grew three inches high and was a failure.
WHEAT.
Preston — This was the only variety planted. From one package planted by Mr.
J. C. Shermer, Ten Mile Point, he obtained 20 pounds, which grew to a height of 23
inches.
BARLEY.
Champion — This was planted at Wliite Horse and produced an extra good crop,
which was of special quality.
Odessa — This seed was planted on very high ground about seven miles from White
Horse and grew to a height of thirty inches.
POTATOES.
Eochester Rose — This seed was planted at Ten Mile Point, and 57 pounds raised
from a 3-pound package of potatoes. Another 3-pound package of this variety was
planted on high land near White Horse, which, however, only produced 12 pounds, but
in every other respect were very satisfactory. In the barrack garden at .Vhite Horse
a 3-pound package of this seed was planted and produced 98^ pounds, nine potatoes
weighing 4| pounds, those potatoes took first prize at the White Horse fair, and it
would appear that this variety is particularly suitable for this soil and climate.
Vicks' Extra Early — This variety was planted in White Horse and turned out
fairly good.
All the seeds received were distributed amongst ten different parties; seven at
White Horse and neighbourhood, one at Ten Mile Pointy one at Big Bend on the
Kluahne trail, and one at Big Salmon. The party to whom I distributed seeds at
Big Salmon, I was unfortunately unable to get any return from, the seeds after being
delivered to him having been burnt in the fire which occurred here on the 22nd of May
last.
The seeds were distributed between the 12th and 22nd May, and in some instances
were not planted imtil the end of May, which this year was a little late in the season.
In conclusion, I might say that of five seasons, this was the most favourable for
glowing vegetables and grains in this district, and then we did not have any rainfall
till the middle of June. It rained two days during June, the 13th and 26th, the total
lainfall of the month being -93 inches.
A. E. Snyder,
Supt. Commanding ' H' Division.
The success attending these experiments is quite encouraging considering that
the seeds arrived so late, and, it was decided to send out another and larger lot of
samples similar to those which had done so well in 1905. To save time a part of these
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR
17
100 lbs.
100
100
100
100
50
50
25
25
100 lbs
200
100
200
25
25
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
were forwarded from Brandon, Man., and a second lot from Ottawa. All of these were
sent to Dawson addressed to Supt. A. R. Cutbbert.
The samples forwarded from Brandon were sent September 23, and consisted of
the following: —
Preston wheat in 5 lb. bags.
Stanley wheat in 5
Odessa barley in 2i
Rochester Rose potatoes in 2^
Vick's Extra Early potatoes in 2^
Early Rose potatoes in 2J
Vermont Gold Coin potatoes in 2i
Brome grass in 1
Western Rye grass in 1
Subsequently, on October 2, the following were forwarded to the same address,
from the Central Experimental Earm, Ottawa: —
Welcome oats in 2^ lb. bags.
Improved Ligowo oats in 2^
Odessa barley in 2J
Mensury barley in 2^
Timothy seed in 2^
Hungarian grass in 1
A letter was received from Supt. Cuthbert, under date of October 12, acknowledg-
ing the receipt of all the samples, which he says arrived in good order.
A further consignment was sent later to White Horse. These samples were sent
from the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, on November 20, and consisted of the
following : —
20 lbs. Preston wheat in 5 lb.
16 " Improved Ligowo oats in 4
16 " Odessa barley in 4
30 " Rochester Rose potatoes in 3
4 " Brome grass in 1
4 " Western Rye grass in 1
4 " Timothy in 1
4 " Hungarian grass in 1
As these samples have already reached their destination there will be ample time
and opportunity for distributing them to the best advantage and so as to admit of
their being sown in the coming spring at the earliest opportunity.
Recently samples of two varieties of very early ripening wheats have been for-
warded to Dawson. These are new sorts recently introduced by the Cerealist of the
experimental farms. One named Aurora, got by selection from an early wheat obtained
from a high altitude in the Himalaya mountains in India, the other is an improved
and early strain of a cross-bred variety known as Bishop. Aurora is the earliest ripen-
ing variety we have yet produced, it ripens more than two weeks earlier than the Red
Fife. Bishop is also very early, maturing in about ten days less time than Red Fife.
Both are wheats of good quality, but their relative productiveness has not yet been
fully ascertained. One pound of the Aurora has been sent in half-pound packages,
and two pounds of Bishop also in half-pound packages. The results of these tests
will be watched with much interest.
16—2
18 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
THE INSPECTION AND GRADING OF WHEAT IN THE MANITOBA
GRAIN INSPECTION DIVISION.
The methods employed in the inspection of wheat and their fairness to the farmer
R'i well as to the miller or export purchaser have of late attracted some attention,
l^armers in some instances have been of opinion that they have not received from the
millers the full value, especially of their lower grades of wheat.
This subject has been carefully investigated at the Central Experimental Farm by
the Cereal and Chemical Divisions, and a bulletin has been published giving the results
cf this inquiry. Authentic and representative samples of the different grades of wheat
have been obtained from Mr. David Horn, chief inspector of the Manitoba Grain Ins-
pection Division. By the use of a small roller mill flour has been produced from these
samples, and the flour made into bread and baked. The results of the bakings several
times repeated have been carefully compared as to texture, quality, &c., and the infor-
mation compiled. In the Chemical Division the samples both of whole wheat and flour
have been analysed, and the proportions of their several constituents determined. A
comparison of the conclusions reached independently by the Cerealist and Chemifit
show conclusively that considering the difficulties surrounding this subject, the present
system of grading, which is faithfully administered and well carried out works on the
whole fairly well. This bulletin has been widely distributed and copies may still be
had by any one desiring them by applying to the Director of Experimental Farms.
GRADES OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE MANITOBA GRAIN INSPECTION OmSION.
The Grain Inspection Act (provides that the spring wheat grown in Manitoba
and the North-west Territories shall be graded as follows : —
Extra Manitoba hard wheat shall weigh not less than 62 pounds per bushel, shall
bo plump, sound and well cleaned and shall contain not less than eighty-five per cent
of hard red Fife wheat.
No. 1 Manitoba hard wheat shall be plump, sound and well cleaned, weighing not
less than 60 lbs. to the bushel, and shall be composed of at least seventy-five per cent
of hard red Fife wheat.
No. 1 hard white Fife wheat shall be sound and well cleaned, weighing not less
than 60 lbs. to the bushel and shall be comx>osed of not less than sixty per cent of hard
white Fife wheat, and shall not contain more than twenty-five per cent of soft wheat.
No. 1 Manitoba northern wheat shall be sound and well cleaned, weighing not less
than 60 lbs. to the bushel and shall be composed of at least sixty per cent of hard red
Fife wheat.
No. 2 Manitoba northern wheat shall be sound and reasonably clean, of good mill-
ing qualities and fit for warehousing, weighing not less than 58 pounds to the bushel,
and shall be composed of at least forty-five per cent of hard red Fife wheat.
Any wheat not good enough to be graded No. 2 Manitoba northern shall be graded
No. 3 Manitoba northern, in the discretion of th-e inspector.
These grades form the bulk of the wheat marketed every season. In a good year
the larger part of the grain will be No. 1 Hard and No. 1 Northern, while in a poor
year the proportions of No. 2 and No. 3 Northern will be larger.
Every year a considerable number of cars containing wheat of too low a quality
to be graded as No. 3 Northern, find their way into the market, and special standards
fire prepared for these low class products, such as No. 4 Extra, No. 4, No. 5, Feed and
No. 2 Feed. Any good wheat that is damp and which cannot be safely warehoused, is
classed as No Grade. All good wheat that contains a large admixture of other kinds
cf grain is also classed as No Grade. All grain brought to the market in a heating
condition or mixed with heated grain, is entered on the inspector'^ books as con-
demned.
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 19
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Portions of the crop of 1904 were damaged by rust. Some of this when threshed
was of so little value and weight that it confpared only with elevator cleanings; such
grain is graded as ' screenings.'
Any wheat that is injured by smut is classed as ' No. 1 rejected.' If very smutty,
ns ' No. 2 rejected.'
"Where wheat contains a large proportion of weed seeds such as wild oats, the seeds
of rag-weed, &c., it is classed as ' rejected,' without using any number.
Such low grades of wheat as cannot be used profitably for flour are ground and
sold as feed for stock. Wheat rejected on account of smut or weeds is usually sent to
Fort William to an elevator provided with special cleaning apparatus, and after it is
cleaned and dried it may be given a grade, and can then be marketed in the usual way.
VISIT TO THE INSPECTOR S OFFICE AND RAILWAY YARDS.
Being desirous of seeing the actual working of the methods adopted for the in-
spection and grading of wheat, I called on Mr. David Horn, Chief Inspector at Winni-
peg, on the morning of September 23, 1905, who showed me much courtesy. I was
first taken through his own ofiice where the work of inspection and grading was in
progress. Then provided with a note to one of his deputies, I visited the railway yard
where some 200 cars of wheat which had just arrived were being inspected and graded.
As the train comes into the yard the conductor goes to the railway office with his
bills to report his train. The inspector makes a list of the grain cars on these bills
from which he learns where each car is from, where it is going, the name of the
shipper and of the party to whom it is consigned. With this information he goes with
his men at once to the train. The inspector has usually three men with him.
One man opens the doors of each car and closes them again after the inspection
is over. When the doors are opened the other two men enter the car. A car laden with
wheat is usually filled to a depth of about 5 feet. This leaves room between the wheat
and the roof of the car for these men to work. One man carries with him a cotton
sheet about a yard long and three-quarters of a yard wide, which he spreads on top of
the wheat. The other carries what is known as a ' stabber,' a cylindrical brass in-
strument, reminding one of a large syringe. This is about 6 feet long and 2-i inches
in diameter and pointed at the lower end. The instrument is hollow and consists of
an interior and exterior tube which by a turn of the handle at the end can be made to
slide one on the other. Each tube has openings at intervals, about 5 inches long and
an inch wide which are alike in each tube. By turning the outer tube these openings
are closed. The stabber is then thrust through the grain in a somewhat slanting direc-
tion until the pointed end reaches the floor, then, with a turn of the handle the openings
in the tube are brought opposite each other, when the grain immediately flows into and
fills the instrument. By reversing the handle the holes are closed so that the gi'ain
cannot fall out, and when the ' stabber ' is brought up it brings with it a complete
section of the wheat which that part of the car contains. The grain is let out of the
instrument at the top and placed on the sheet in the form of an irregular band from
4 to 6 inches wide, 2^ feet long, and about half an inch deep, showing the character of
the wheat from the top to the bottom of the car. This is done from seven to ten or
twelve times in different parts of the car, and spread each time on the sheet as de-
scribed. When the car has been ' stabbed ' a sufficient number of times and the grain
jiroperly spread on the sheet, the inspector has before him a complete display of the
character and quality of the contents of the car from the bottom to the top. He then
examines this and writes on a card the number of the car, the date of inspection, and
his opinion of the grade. He also puts about two pounds of the mixed grain on the
sheet into a cotton bag which closes by a draw-string, the card is placed inside the bag
and the bag hung on a point of the car outside, to be taken from, thence to the in-
spector's office.
16— 2i
20 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1903
Occasionally a car Is found to be ' plugged,' that is fraudulently loaded by putting
inferior wheat in parts of the car where the shipper imagines it will not be detected.
Where any indication of this is noticed the car is ' stabbed ' in many places, and all
parts of it closely examined. If the inspector has reason to believe that plugging was
intended the law requires that the whole car shall be graded at the same value as the
poorest grade found in the car. This penalty is a severe one, and hence ' plugging ' is
not a common practice.
With sufficient and competent help the grading of grain is very rapidly done, and
a whole train load of wheat can be examined and graded in the course of an hour or
two. The sample bags from the cars are carried to the inspector's office near the rail-
way yard, where they are successively spread out on a large table, carefully examined,
and their grade finally determined by the deputy inspectors. The grain is then put
back in the bags with the cards, when they are filed away for reference.
A complete report on each car is made, one copy of which is sent to Fort Wil-
liam and another to the office of the chief inspector, Mr. David Horn. Certificates for
each car are also sont to the parties interested. Every day the entire record for all
the cars arriving during the previous 24 hours is completed and disposed of. From
20 to 30 men are employed at this work during the busy period. The fee fixed by law
for the inspection is 40 cents per car; the cars will average about 1,000 bushels each.
HOW FARMERS DISPOSE OF THEIR CROPS.
Some farmers sell their grain at the elevators, while others prefer to load and ship
their own grain. These latter usually consign their wheat to an independent broker,
one not connected in any way with elevator or railway companies. He charges one
cent per bushel for looking after the business of marketing the wheat, and remitting
the money received for it. If the farmer sells to an elevator company, his wheat is
then graded by the man in charge, but only temporarily and for the purpose of giving
the farmer cash. If the farmer objects to the local grading a sample of the wheat is
Bent to the chief inspector at Winnipeg, and if he grades it higher than the man at the
elevator did, then the elevator company must pay the farmer the difference in market
price between the grades on the day of sale.j
HOW THE CROPS OF 1904 AND 1905 HAVE GRADED.
In the following table the first colunm shows tlie total returns for the inspection
cf the crop of 1904. In the second column the total number of cars of wheat of the
crop of 1905, inspected to December 1, 1905 : —
Crop of 100k. Crop of 1905 Inspected to Dec. 1, 1905.
Cars. Cars.
No. 1 Hard 176 No. 1 Hard 532
No 1 Northern 3,788 No. 1 Northern 17,833
No. 2 " " . . . . 11,585 No. 2 " 6,858
No. 3 " 9,293 No. 3 " 996
No. 4 Extra 2,214 No. 4 Extra 5
No 4 3,036 No. 4 58
No. 5 2,247 No. 5 1
Peed 1,098 Feed None.
Feed No. 2 233 Feed No. 2 None.
Eejected (for weed seeds) .... 603 llejected (for weed seeds) .... 1,535
No. 1 Eejected (for smut) 631 No. 1 Rejected (for smut) . . . 1,227
No. 2 " " .... 591 No. 2 " " ... 1,234
Screenings 40 Screenings 9
Condemned VS Condemned 10
No Grade 2,279 No Grade 155
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 21
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
INCREASE IN PROPORTION OF WEEDY AND SMUTTY WHEAT.
A study of these figures shows that the character of the season is a most im-
portant factor in determining the value of the wheat crop. The year 1904 was com-
paratively unfavourable, while the present year has been favourable. That portion of
the crop (probably about two-thirds of the whole) marketed before December 1, 1905,
ie largely No. 1 Northern. It is also worthy of comment that the number of cars of
wheat graded rejected this year on account of weed seeds is more than double that of_
1904. The total number classed as ' rejected ' for smut has also more than doubled^
While the bulk of this wheat classed as rejected is ultimately recovered, the cost and
loss of weight entailed by the scouring and cleansing required to bring the sample into
a marketable condition are very considerable and materially lessen the returns re-
ceived by those farmers who send their wheat to market in a condition so dirty and
discreditable as to justify the inspectors in marking it ' rejected.' A more vigorous
campaign is evidently needed against weeds and smut, to stir up these careless farmers
now to a sense of their duty.
HOW THE UNIFORMITY OF THE GRADES IS MAINTAINED.
Objection has sometimes been made to the method of grading wheat on the ground
that the grades are lacking in uniformity from year to year. Prior to 1899 tlie grades
were fixed from season to season by a board of experts, on samples of the current year's
growth brought from different localities and compared. Under that arrangement it
is quite likely that the grades varied more or less from year to year. Under the pre-
sent system a handful is taken from eacii carload, graded and thrown into a vessel or
bin provided for that grade, and this grain thus mixed is used as a basis for the same
grade the following season. Samples are given to the inspectors and others requiring
them, and in this way the grades are maintained of a uniform character.
The system of grading as carried on by the Manitoba Grain Inspection Division,
nndpT direction of the Chief Inspector, Mr. David Horn, seems to be very thorough and
satisfactory and to command the confidence both of the farmers and buyers in a
m.arked degree.
CO-OPERATIVE EXPERIMENTS BY CANADIAN FARMERS.
The assistance rendered to Canadian farmers by the distribution of samples of
seed of high quality for the improvement of crops has been continued with gratifying
results. Farmers everywhere have gladly undertaken to co-operate with the exjDeri-
mental farms in the endeavour to ascertain the relative merits in earliness, productive-
ness and quality of the different sorts under trial when grown under the different
climatic conditions which prevail in the several provinces of the Dominion.
During the present year 41,548 farmers have joined in these co-operative tests. A
large number of reports have been received expressing appreciation of the great value
of this work. The samples of wheat and barley sent out have weighed five pounds
each, and those of oats four pounds, sufficient in each case to sow one-twentieth of an
acre. The samples of Indian corn, pease and potatoes have weighed three pounds each.
The samples sent from the Central Experimental Farm during the distribution
period for the past year have been distributed as follows : —
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
DISTRIBUTION BY PROVINCES.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
^
i
a
Name of Grain.
C3
.2
o
o
>
i
1
.2
'i-i
c3
1
"S
-u> o
II
1
3o
O
d)
3
a
i5
O
Ph
^
^
O"
O
^
^
pq
Oats
836
114
1,513
433
1,664
217
4,735
1,473
1,713
650
551
176
1,517
579
86
Barley
Wheat
41
250
718
836
2,874
757
1,496
2,499
04
10
26
102
148
131
116
406
511
102
450
39
78
79
117
7
Indian Com
33
157
859
1,053
2,075
2,356
905
1,958
43(i
Total
1,393
3,773
4,017
12,074
6,028
3,245
6,749
607
Total number of samples distributed, 37,946.
Number of applicants supplied, 37,865.
Total number of packages of each sort distributed : —
Oats 12,615
Barley 3,683
Wheat 9,494
Pease 876
Indian Corn 1,479
Potatoes 9,799
Total 37,946
The following list shows the number of packages which have been sent of the
different varieties : —
Name of Variety.
Banner
Improved Ligowo.
Waverley
Wiile Awake.. ..
Thousand Dollar.
Abundance
Tartar King.. ..
Goldfinder
Black Beauty . . .
Number
of
Packages.
Total
BARLEY (Six-rowed).
Mensury
Odessa
Clauide
Mansfield
(Two-rowed.)
Invincible
Standwell
Sidn-ey
Canadian Thorpe
Total.
3,027
1,633
1,514
1,503
1,448
1,354
1,083
749
299
12,615
928
611
605
465
S69
282
252
171
3,683
Name of Variety.
SPRING WHEAT.
Laurel
Preston
Red Fife
Stanley
Wellman's Fife
White Fife
Percy
Huron
Monarch
White Russian
Common Emmer
Early Riga
Total
PBASa.
Arthur
White W<xnder ..
Total.. ..
Number
of
Packages.
1,950
1,694
1,262
1,029
961
S3G
804
591
271
46
32
18
9,494
585
291
876
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR
23
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Name of Variety
Number
of
Packages.
Name of Variety.
Number
of
Packages
INDIAN CORN.
477
376
335
140
112
39
POTATOES.
Early White Prize
Carman No. 1
Uncle Sajn
1.515
1 206
Longfellow
1 084
American Wonder
Canadian Beauty
Rochester Rose
Dr. Maerker
1 071
822
742
Sanford
581
499
Total
1,479
Bumaby Mammoth
Bovee
452
431
Country Gentleman
Money Maker
Everett
Swiss Snow Flake
Late Puritan
420
340
285
196
139
Dreer's Standard
Total
16
9,799
)
DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLES FROII THE BRANCH EXPERIMENTAL
FARMS.
Samples were also distributed from the Branch Experimental Farms, as follows : — ■
Experimental Farm, Nappan, N.S.
No. of
Sample
Bags.
Spring wheat 69
Oats 167
Barley 89
Pease 41
Potatoes 280
Buckwheat 23
TotaL
669
Experimental Farm, Indian Head, Sask.
Sprin-g wheat 546
Oats 405
Barley.. 197
Pease 87
Flax, Rye and Spelt 25
Potatoes 618
Total 1.879
Experimental Farm, Brandon, Man.
No. of
Sample
Bags.
Spring wheat 131
Oats 100
Barley 40
Pease 72
Potatoes 206
Total 549
Experimental Farm, Agassiz, B.C.
Spring wheat 56
Oats 173
Barley 74
Pease 161
Potatoes 203
Total.
667
By adding the number of farmers supplied by the Branch Farms to those supplied
by the Central Farm we have a total of 41,548. It is ratifying to find among the
farmers of Canada so large a number of volunteers in this co-operative work. The
average number of samples distributed each year for the past ten years has been .37,521.
In growing and preparing this large quantity of seed grain for distribution great
care is taken to bave it clean and true to name. Most of it is grown on the Experi-
mental Farms at Indian Head and Brandon, where the crops average larger yields
and a heavier weight per bushel than they do at Ottawa.
To provide the large quantity of seed required for this work arrangements are
made for growing the varieties needed the previous year. While maturing in the fields
most of the grain is carefully examined and any plants found of other varieties are
pulled up. After the grain is threshed it is passed through suitable cleaning machinery
and then thoroughly examined, and if there are any foreign seeds present which the
cleaners will not remove the grain is hand-picked before it is sent out. These samples
are sent free of charge to the nearest jwst office. They are sent only in response to
personal application, and only one variety is obtainable by one applicant each year.
Those farmers who take good care of the sample received usually have at the end of
24 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD Vil., A. 1933
the second year sufficient seed for a considerable area, and after that have all they
require for their own use, and some surplus to sell to their neighbours.
It is remarkable how rapidly a supply of grain may be built up from a single
four or five-pound sample. Take for instance, a sample of oats. The four pounds
received will, if well cared for, usually produce from three to four bushels. This sown
on two acres of land will at a very moderate estimate give one hundred bushels, and
some times much more, but taking the lower figure as the basis for this calculation, the
crop at the end of the second year would be sufficient to sow. fifty acres, which at the
same moderate computation would furnish 2,500 bushels, available for seed or sale at
the end of the third year.
The critical point in these tests is the threshing of the grain at the end of the
first season, and it is here that some farmers fail to get the full advantage of the ex-
periment. The product of the one-twentieth acre plot is sometimes threshed in a large
machine, which it is difficult to thoroughly clean, and in this way the grain becomes
mixed with other varieties and practically ruined. At the Central Experimental Farm
we thresh the produce of many of the small plots of grain by cutting off the heads,
placing them in sacks and beating them with a stick, and winnowing until most of the
chaff is got rid of, and the grain made clean enough for sowing.
"Where the farmer is to use this seed for his own sowing it is not necessary th-at
the sample be entirely free from chaff. It is, however, most essential if he is to get the
full benefit of his experiment, that the grain be quite free from all admixture with
other sorts. Farmfers are expected to harvest the product of their experimental plot
separately, and store it away carefully, threshing it by hand either with a flail or in
such other manner as they may prefer. The results to be gained will abundantly repay
the careful handling of the grain in this way.
Occasional complaints are made that the samples are too small and that not less
than two bushels of grain should be sent to each applicant. If such quantities were
sent the distribution must necessarily be limited to comparatively few individuals,
which would be very unfair. The experimental farm officers have also been criticised
for not arranging to sell any surplus seed grain to farmers in quantities of tAvo bushels
and upwards. As a matter of fact this has been the practice at the western farms for
many years past. Every season after the regular distribution of smaller samples has
been provided for the surplus grain not needed for seed has been sold to farmers in
quantities of two to ten bushels or more each.
At the Indian Head Experimental Farm the following number of farmers have
been supplied in this way :
In 1904—
24 farmers purchased from 2 to 5 bushels each of seed wheat.
7 two to five bushels of seed oats.
9 two to five bushels of seed barley.
40 in all.
In 1905—
107 farmers bought from 2 to 10 bushels each of seed wheat.
74 two to ten bushels or more of seed oats, and
24 bought 2 to 10 bushels or more of seed barley.
205 in all
At the Brandon experimental farm in 1904 —
10 farmers bought from 2 to 10 bushels each of seed wheat,
112 two to ten bushels or more of seed oats, and
21 from 2 to 10 bushels, or more of seed barley.
143 in aU.
REPORT OF TEE DIRECTOR 25
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
In 1905—
32 farmers bought from 1 to 5 busliels each of seed wheat.
6 from 2 to ten bushels, or more of seed oats, and
30 from 2 to ten bushels, or more of seed barley.
68 in all.
It will thus be seen that within the past two years 245 farmers have been supplied
with these larger lots from the experimental farm at Indian Head and 211 from the
experimental farm at Brandon, a total of 456. The following note from one of those
who bought seed wheat at Brandon will serve as an example ^of the way these larger
lots are appreciated: —
Gladstone, Max., December 29,*1905.
S. A. Bedford, Esq.,
Dear Sir, — Just a few lines in report on the four bushels of Bed Fife wheat that
James Huddleston and myself received from you last spring. "We sowed it on April
24 and harvested it on August 26. There was about three acres and the total yield
was 133 bushels, about 45 bushels per acre, which was about twice the yield of the
rest of our crop. I must say we are well satisfied and would recommend any farmer
to get a few bushels of wheat from you when possible.
Yours respectfully,
A. II. Huddleston.
COREESPOXDENCE.
The correspondence carried on during 1905 between the farmers of Canada and
the officers of the Experimental Farms has been very large.
CENTRAL EXPERIilENTAL FARM.
The following is a summary of the letters received and sent out at the Central
Experimental Farm from December 1, 1901 to November 30, 1905; also the number of
reports, bulletins and circulars forwarded by mail during the same period : —
Letters received. Letters sent.
Director 51,908 19,074
Agriculturist 2,090 ' 3,208
Horticulturist 1,634 1,626
Chemist 1,531 1.441
Entomologist and Botanist 3,406 3,291
Cerealist 289 208
Poultry Manager 2,993 3,043
Accountant 988 1,401
Totals 64,839 33,290
A large number of the letters received by the Director are applications for samples
of grain, or for the publications of the farms, a considerable proportion of which are
answered by sending the correspondents the material asked for, accompanied by circu-
lar letters. This explains why the number of letters received so much exceeds the
number sent out.
Circular letters, including circulars sent with samples of
seed grain 39,105
Eeports and bulletins mailed 351,374
Total 390,479
26
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
ERANCII EXPERIMENTAL FARMS.
The correspondence with the Superintendents of the branch experimental farms is
shown by the following figures : —
Letters received. Letters sent.
Experimental Farm, Nappan, N.S 2,080 1,812
Brandon, Man 4,783 3,140
Indian Head, Sask. . . . 7,820 7,874
Agassiz, B. C 3,187 2,953
Totals 17,870 15,779
Much additional information has also been sent out from the branch farms in
printed circulars. By adding the correspondance conducted at the branch farms to
that of the central farm, it will be seen that 82,709 letters in all were received, and
49,069 sent out during the year..
TESTS OF THE VITALITY OF SEED GKAIN AND OTHER SEEDS.
The number of samples of seeds tested during the season of 1904-05 to find the
proportion which would germinate and to determine the percentage of plants of strong
and weak growth, was 1,949.
This useful work has been carried on at the Central Experimental Farm every
year since its establislnnent in 1887, and the total number of samples tested from that
time to the present is 33,685. By instruction of the Hon. Minister of Agriculture this
work will in future be done by the seed division, hence any farmer or seedsman de-
siring to have samples tested should address them to the Seed Commissioner, Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Ottawa.
RESULTS OF TESTS OF SEEDS FOR VITALITY 1904-05.
Kind of Seed.
Number
of
Tests.
Highest
Per-
centage.
Lowest;
Per-
centage.
Per-
centage of
Strong
Growth.
Per-
centage of
Weak
Growth
Average
Vitality.
Wheat
660
328
498
7
136
63
112
]7
34
2
10
8
9
11
7
8
2
4
4
4
3
3
6
2
2
2
7
100 0
100 0
100 0
940
100-0
980
970
78-0
100 0
920
88-0
830
88 0
790
220
720
560
860
700
760
63 0
390
54-0
100 0
870
120
79-0
00
30
20
800
2-0
1-0
26- 0
560
26 0
150
00
20
10
190
00
40
440
100
40 0
32-0
40
0.0
10 0
860
7-0
00
00
81 1
855
78-6
81-8
4-8
6-2
6-3
41
85-9
91-8
Oats •
Rve
84-9
860
734
Grass.
Clover •
Flax
Corn - . .
Tares
74 1
78-8
67 '4
740
53-5
Carrots
Onions
30-9
59 7
59-4
Radish
44-6
Squash
Musk melon
42
37-5
500
Lettuce
Parsnip
Beet
Tomato
Celery
Tobacco
31-5
602
54 0
36-6
13-6
348
930
Cress
47 0
60
Miscellaneous seed
1
361
Total number of samples tested,
1,949
100 0
00
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR
27
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
TABLE SHOWING RESULTS OF GRAIN TESTS FOR EACH PROVINCE.
Ontario.
Kind of Seed.
Number
of
Tests.
Highest
Per-
centage.
Lowest
Per-
centage.
Per-
centage of
Strong
Growth.
Per-
centage of
Weak
Growth.
Average
Vitality.
Whf^at
228
100 0
0 0
69-5
71
76-7
Barley
122
lOOO
30
70-8
8-8
88-7
Oats
121
100 0
2-0
82-4
8-2
90-6
Quebec.
Wheat
33
15
21
990
990
100 0
63 0
33 0
860
87-1
84-4
91.4
3.1
50
2-9
903
Barley
Oats
89-4
94-4
Manitoba.
Wheat
Barley
149
54
114
100 0
100 0
100 0
360
650
16-0
87-3
900
74-5
4-2
40
7-2
91-6
940
Oats
817
North-west Territories.
Wheat
Barley
118
68
160
100 0
100-0
990
390
130
40
83-8
86-9
70.5
4-1
41
6-4
87-9
911
Oats
76-9
Nova Scotia.
Wheat
56
47
47
100 0
100 0
100 0
820
780
20 0
90-7
91-9
93-4
30
61
1-9
938
93 0
Oats
95-3
New Brunswick.
Wheat
32
8
14
100 0
100 0
100 0
500
380
76 0
92-8
81-2
90-5
1-7
60
3-6
94 -5
l^.arlej'
Oats
87-2
941
Prince Edward Island.
Wheat
15
13
15
100 0
100 0
100 0
740
800
790
95-2
93-6
920
11
3-2
3-8
96-3
Barley
Oats
96-9
95-9
British Columbia.
Wheat
29
1
6
100 0
100 0
940
500
100 0
57 0
83-4
98 0
73-8
2 9
20
7.8
864
100-0
Oats
81-6
Signed, WILLIAM T. ELLIS.
28
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Meteorological Observations.
Table of Meteorological Observations taken at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa,
■ 1905; maximum, minimum, and mean temperature for eacli month, -with date
of occurrence, also rainfall, snowfall, and total precipitation.
Month,
January . .
February .
March
April
May
June
July
August. . .
September
October . . .
November.
December.
-3-69
-2-16
11-45
29-74
42-47
52-80
5S-62
53-731
43-00
35-08
22-86
11-57
6239-3 1st
11 j 32 -0 10th & 20th
24! 50-0
14175-0
14178 -8
30'86-5|
14 91-4
37|8G-6
72180-21
36 76 0
5153-2
08,41-5
30th
28th
25th
20th
18th
10th
10th
1st
25th
8th
-20
—18
-16
20
29
39
48
45
32
16
3-2
—13 1
14th
16th
14th
2nd
l8t&2nd
1st & 8th
2l8t
14th
26th
30th
30th
16th
34-00
23 00
400
100
ei O
0-50
8-25
16-50
23-71 87-25
32-42
Rain or snow fell on 170 days during the 12 months.
Heaviest rainfall in 24 hours, 1.94 inches on June 13th.
Heaviest sno-wfall in 24 hours, 14-00 inches on January 7th.
The highest temperature during the 12 months -was 91 •°4 on July 18th.
The lowest temperature during the 12 montlis was 20 -"0 on January 14th.
During the growing season rain fell on 10 days in April, 13 days in May, 11 days in June, 19
days in July, 15 days in August, and 14 days in September.
March and April show the lowest number of days with precipitation, viz., on 10 days during
each month. -x,. o^ „„ . ■. , .
Total precipitation during the 12 montlis, 32-42 inches, as compared with o6-79 inches during
1904.
Eainfall, Snowfall and Total Precipitation from 1890 to 1905; also the average
annual amount that has fallen.
Year.
RainfalL
Snq.wfall.
Total
Precipita-
tion.
1390 .
24-73
30-19
23-78
31-79
23 05
27 -01
2153
24-18
24 75
33-86
29-48
29-21
25-94
26-43
25-95
23-71
64-85
73-50
105-00
72-50
71-50
87-50
99-75
89-00
112-25
77-25
108 -00
97-25
101-75
85 00
108-75
87-25
31 22
IgOl
37-54
1892
1893
1894
Igfjy ....
34-28
39-04
30 20
35-76
189(5
31-60
1 Q07
33 -08
1398
35-97
Igijf)
41-63
1900
40-27
1901
1902
38-91
36 10
1903
34-92
1904
36-79
1 oor,
32-42
425-59
1,411-10
569-63
26-56
90 06
35-60
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR
29
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Record of Sunsliine at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, for the year 1905.
M0NTH3.
January . .
February
March
April
May .
June
July
August. . .
September
October . . .
November,
December.
1905.
Number of
days with
Sunshine.
23
21
29
26
29
28
28
30
27
27
21
20
Number of
days without
Sunshine.
7
2
4
2
2
3
1
3
4
9
11
Total
hours
Sunshine.
79
120
1C9
175
219
195
205
260
155
163
89
68
Average
Sansh 1 n e
per day.
■56
•31
•45
•86
•08
•50
•61
•40
19
•96
•98
21
(Signed,)
WILLIAM T. ELLIS,
Observer.
SPECIAL EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS.
In the Annual Report of the Experimental Farms for 1893, details -were given on
pages 8 to 24 of the results of a series of 'tests •which had then been carried on for some
years ■wdth the object of gaining information regarding the effects -which follo'w the
application of certain fertilizers and combinations of fertilizers on the more important
farm crops.
These experiments have been continued, and a summary of the results obtained
has been given each year, taking the average yield of crops from the beginning, adding
the results for the current year, and then giving the average yield for the full time.
These tests -were undertaken on virgin soil, on a piece of land which was cleared for
the purpose. For particulars regarding the clearing and preparing of the land for
crop in 1887-88 and its subsequent treatment, the reader is referred to the earlier issues
of this report.
VALUABLE INFORMATION GAINED.
From this long conducted series of tests some useful information has been gained.
These trials have sho-wn that barn-yard manure can be most economically \ised in
the fresh or unrotted condition; that fresh manure is equal, ton for ton, in crop-pro-
ducing power to rotted manure, -which, other experiments have sho-wn, loses during the
process of rotting about 60 per cent of its -weight. In view of the vast importance of
roaking the best possible use of barn-yard manure, it is difficult to estimate the value
of this one item of information.
When these experiments were planned, the opinion was very generally held that
untreated mineral phosphate, if very finely ground, was a valuable fertilizer, which
gi-adually gave up its phosphoric acid for the promotion of plant gro-wth. Ten years'
experience has sho-wn that mineral phosphate, untreated, is of no value as a fertilizer.
The use of sulphate of iron, which at the time these tests were begun, was highly
recomjnended, as a means of producing increased crops, has also been proven to be of
very little value for this purpose.
30 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Common salt, which has long had a reputation with many farmers for its value as
a fertilizer for barley, while others disbelieved in its efficacy, has been shown to be a
valuable agent for producing an increased crop of that grain, while it is of much
less use when applied to crops of spring wheat or oats. Land plaster or gypsum has
also proven to be of some value as a fertilizer for barley, while of very little service for
wheat or oats. Some light has also been thrown on the relative usefulness of single
and combined fertilizers.
CHANGES MADE IX THE EXPERIMENTS.
After ten years' experience had demonstrated that finely-ground, untreated mineral
phosphate was of no value as a fertilizer, its use was discontinued in 1898. Prior to
this it had been used in each set of plots in Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, in all the different
series of plots, excepting roots. In 1898 and 1899, similar weights of the Thomas'
phosphate were used in place of the mineral phosphate, excepting in plot 6 in each
series. In this plot the Thomas' phosphate was used in 1898 only.
After constant cropping for ten or eleven years, it was found that the soil on those
plots to which no barn-yard manure had been applied was much depleted of humus,
and hence its power of holding moisture had been lessened, and the conditions for plant
growth, apart from the question of plant food, had on this account become less favour-
able. In 1899 the experiments were modified and an effort made to restore some pro-
portion of the humus and at the same time gain further information as to the value
of clover as a collector of plant food. In the spring of that year ten pounds of red
clover seed per acre was sown with the grain on all the plots of wheat, barley and oats.
The young clover plants made rapid growth, and by the middle of October there was
a thick mat of foliage varying in height and density on the different plots, which was
ploughed under. No barn-yard manure was applied on plots 1 and 2 in each series
since 1898.
In 1900 all the fertilizers on all the plots were discontinued, and since then to 1905
the same crops have been grown on all th^e plots from year to year without fertilizers,
sowing clover with the grain each season. In this way some information has been
gained as to the value of clover as a collector of plant food, and also as to the unex-
hausted values of the different fertilizers which have been used on these plots since
the experiments were begun. In 1905 all the fertilizers were again used as at the
beginning.
SPECIAL TREATMENT OF PLOTS OF INDIAN CORN AND ROOTS.
As it was not practicable to sow clover with the Indian corn and root crops, the
sowing of these latter crops was discontinued in the spring of 1900 and clover sown
in their place in the proportion of 12 pounds per acre. The clover on these plots made
strong growth, so strong as to necessitate twice cutting during the season, the cut
clover being left on the ground in each case to decay and add to the fertility of the soil.
The clover was left over for further growth in the spring of 1901, and ploughed under
for the roots about May 10, and for corn about the middle of that month. Then roots
and Indian cowi were again sown. In 1902 crops of Indian corn and roots were grown
on these plots, in 1903 the land was again devoted to clover and was in Indian corn
and roots again in 1904 and in 1905.
WHEAT PLOTS.
The seed sown on each of these plots from the beginning has been in the propor-
tion of li bushels per acre, excepting in 1894 ; and the varieties used were as follows : —
In 1888 to 1891, Wlnte Kussian, and in 1892-3, Campbell's White Cliaff. In 1894, Rio
Grande was used, and from 1895 to 1905, inclusive, Ked Pife. In 1905 the Red Fife
was sown May 4, and was ripe August 12.
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR
31
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
TABLE L
EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF WHEAT.
AvEBAOB Yield
FOR
Sevknteek Yeabs.
Fertilizers applied each year from 1888 to
1S98 or 1899. No fertilizers used from
that time to 1905. Clover sown in 1899
and each year since with the grain and
ploughed under in the autumn. In 1905
fertilizers again applied as at first, clover
discontinued .
Barn-yard manure (mixed horse and cow
manure) well rotted 12 tons per acre in
1888 ; 15 tons per acre each year after to
1898 inclusive. No manure used from
189S to 1905. In 1905 15 tons per acre
again used
Barn-yard manure (mixed horse and cow
manure) fresh, 12 tons per acre in 1888 :
15 tons per acre each year after to 1898
inclusive. No manure used from 1899 to
1905. In 1905 15 tons per acre again used.
Unmanured from the beginning
Mineral phosphate, untreated .finely ground,
500 lbs. per acre, used each year from 1888
to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899 a
similar weight of the Thomas' phosphate
was used. No fertilizer used from 1900
to 1905. In 1905 Thomas' phosphate again
used as in 1899
Mineral phosph ate, un treated , finel y ground ,
500 lbs., nitrate of soda, 200 lbs., per acre
used each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive.
In 1898 and 1899, 500 lbs. of the Thomas'
phosphate was used in place of the mineral
phosphate. No fertilizers used from 1900
to 1905. In 1905 fertilizers again used as
in 1899
Barn-yard manure, partly rotted and ac-
tively fermenting, six tons per acre ;
mineral phosphate, untreated, finely
ground, 500 lbs. per acre, composted
together, intimately mixed and allowed
to heat for several days before using,
applied each year from 1888 to 1897 in-
clusive. In 1898, 500 lbs. of Thomas'
phosphate was used in place of the mineral
phosphate. No fertilizers used from 1899
to 1905. In 1905 fertilizers again used as
in 1898
Mineral phosphate, untreated , fi nely ground,
500 lbs. ; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. ; wood
ashes, unleached, 1,000 lbs. per acre, used
each vear from 1S88 to 1897 inclusive. In
1898 "and 1899, 500 lbs. of the Thomas'
phosphate wasused in place of the mineral
phosphate. No fertilizers used from 1900
to 1905. In 1905 fertilizers again used as
in 1899
Mineral phosphate, imtreated, finely
ground, 590 lbs.; wood ashes, unleached,
1,500 lbs. per aore, used each year from
1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899,
500 lbs. of the Thomas' phosphate was
used in place of the mineral phosphate.
No fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In
1905 fertilizers again used as in 1899
Yield
of
Grain.
Per acre. Per acre
Bush. lbs.
22 371?
22
11
50^
42 '
12 23if
13 19^1
19 28U
13 B2fV
11 50
Yield
of
Straw.
Lbs.
3947
3985
1937
2056
2680
3270
2590
2226
18th Season 1905.
Vaeiett
Red Fife.
Yield
of
Grain.
Per acre. Per acre
Bush. lbs.
20 50
21 30
13 10
16 40
16 10
17
15 50
15 30
Yield
of
Straw.
Lbs.
3610
3690
1460
1680
2190
3450
3160
2330
Average Yield
FOB
Eighteen Yeabs.
Yield
of
Grain.
Per acre.
Yield
of
Straw.
Per acre
Bush. lbs.
22 31H
22 46
11 i7U
12 SSjJg
13 29^
19 20^
13 58H
12 2iV
Lbs
3928
3969
1910
2035
2653
3280
2G23
2232
32
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
TABLE I.— EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF WHEAT-Concluded.
Fertilizers applied each year from 188S to
1898 or 1899. No fertilizers used from
that time to 1905. Clover sown in 1899
and each year since with the grain and
ploughed under in the autumn. In 1905
fertilizers again applied as in 1898, clover
discontinued.
Average Yield
FOR
Seventeen Years.
9 Mineral superphosphate. No. 1, 500 lbs. per
acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 in
elusive. No fertilizer used from 1900 to
1905. In 1905 fertilizer again used as in
1899
10 Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, 350 lbs . ;
nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used
each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No
fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizers again used as in 1899 ,
11 Mineral superphosphate. No. 1, 350 lbs.;
nitrate of soda, 200 lbs.; wood ashes, un
leached, 1,500 lbs. per acre, used each year
from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizers
used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertiliz-
ers again used as in 1899
12 Unman ured from the beginning
13 Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre, used
each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive.
No fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In
1905 bone again used as at first
14 Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs.; wood ashes
unleached, 1,500 lbs. per acre ; u.sed each
year from 1888 to 18'.)9 inclusive. No
fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizers again used a.s at first
15 Nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each
year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No
fertilizer used from 1900 to 1995. In 1905
fertilizer again used as at first
16 Muriate of potash, 150 lbs. per acre, used
each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No
fertilizer used from 1900 to 1 905. In 1905
fertilizer again used as at first
17 Sulphate of ammonia, 300 lbs. per acre, used
each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No
fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizer again used as at first
18 Sulphate of iron, 60 lbs. per acre, used each
year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No
fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizer again used as at first
19 Common salt (Sodium chloride), 300 lbs. per
acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 in-
clusive. No fertilizer used from 1900 to
1905. In 1905 fertilizer again used as at
first
20 Land plaster or gypsum (Calcium sulphate),
300 lbs. per acre, used each year from
18S8 to 1899 inclusive. No fertilizer used
from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizer again
used as at first
21 Mineral superphosphate, No. 2, 500 lbs. per
acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 in-
clusive. No fertilizer used from 1900 to
1905. In 1905 fertilizer again used as at
first
Yield
of
Gr.-in.
Per acre.
Bush. lbs.
12 33 iV
13 28
14 23Vf
10 41,V
12 471f
15 32jV
14 21A
15 39}^
13 3Jf
12 b3j\
13 54^V
12 53if
13 13if
Yield
of
Straw.
Per acre
Lbs.
2002
2935
2863
1911
2083
2C32
2472
2282
2475
2020
1655
1966
1960
18th Season, 1905,
Variety,
Red Fife.
Yield
of
Grain.
Per acre.
Yield
of
Straw.
Per acre
Bush
. lbs.
14
40
15
10
13
10
40
40
14
10
15
40
15
10
13
40
13
10
13
13
30
13
50
14
10
Lbs.
2110
2810
2780
1240
2490
3100
2570
2820
2450
2100
2030
1830
Average Yield
FOR
Eighteen Years.
Yield
of
Grain.
Per acre.
Bush. lbs.
12 40t\
13 3311
14 21^^^
10 41A
12 52^
15 321#
14 23 J 6
15 32i|
13 4i\
12 531 J
13 52} I
12 56i|
1850 13 16} g 1954
f»
I
t^^
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR
33
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
BAELEY PLOTS.
The quantity of seed sow.n per acre on the barley plots was 2 bushels in. 1889 to
1891, li bushels in 1892 and 1893, and 2 bushels from 189-4 to 1905 inclusive. Two-
rowed barley was used for seed throughout until 1902, when Mensury, a six-rowed sort,
was tried. The varieties used were as follows: 1889 to 1891, Saale; 1892, Goldthorpe;
1893, Duck-bill; and in 1894 to 1901, Canadian Thorpe, a selected form of the Duck-
bill Since 1902 Mensury has been sown. In 1905 it was sown Hay 4, and was har-
vested on July 30.
TABLE IL
EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS OX PLOTS OF BARLEY.
Fertilizers applied each year from 1889 to
1898 or 1899. No fertilizers used from
that time to 1905. Clover sown in 1899
and each year since with the grain and
ploughed under in the autumn. In 1905
fertilizers again applied as in 1898. Clover
discontinued.
Barn-yard manure, well rotted, 15 tons per
acre each year to 1898, inclusive. No
manure used from 1S99 to 1905. In 190:
15 tons per acre again used
Bam-j'ard manure, frash, 15 tons per acre
each year to 1898, inclusive. No manure
used from 1899 to 1905. In 1905 15 tout
per acre again used
Unmanured from the beginning
Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground.
500 lbs, per acre, used each year fron
1888 to 1897, inclusive. In 1898 and 189!
a similar weight of the Thomas' phosphate
was used. No fertilizer u.^ed from 190(
to 19C5. In 1905 fertilizer again used a^
in 1899
Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground
500 lbs., nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre,
used each year from 1888 to 1897, in
elusive. In 1898 and 1899 500 lbs. of th<
Thomas' phosphate was used in place o'.
the mineral phosphate. No fertilizer.-
used from 1900 t ) 1905. In 1905 fertilizers
again used as in 1899
Barn-yard maniire, partly rotted and ac-
tively fermenting, 6 tons per acre :
mineral phosphate, untreated, finely
ground, 500 lbs. per acre composted toge-
ther, intimately mixed and allowed to
heat for several days before using, applied
each year from 1888 to 1897, inclusive.
In 1898 500 lbs. of the Thomas' pliosphate
was used in place of the mineral phos-
phate. No fertilizers used from 1899 to
1905. In 1905 fertilizers again used as in
1898
Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground,
500 lbs. nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. ; wood
a«hes, unleached, 1,000 lbs. per acre, used
each year from 1888 to 1897, inclusive.
In 1898 and 1899, 500 lbs, of the Thomas'
phosphate was used in place of the min-
eral phosphate. No fertilizers used from
1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizers again
used as in 1899
16—3
AvKEAGE Yield
FOR
Sixteen Yeaes.
Yield
of
Grain.
Per acre.
Bush. lbs. Lbs,
Yield
of
Straw.
Per acre
35 45-A
35 32ft
14 35H
16 2r8i
21 13i%
29 Z\l
3047
3198
1530
1519
17th Season, 1905.
Variety,
Mensuet.
Yield
of
Grain.
Per acre.
2193
2416
Bush, lbs
56 2
59 38
22 34
31 22
Yield
of
Straw.
Average Yield
FOR
Seventeen Years.
Per acre
37 4
54 8
26 39fi 2401 47 34 3170 I 28 2\l
Lbs.
2960
3010
1790
2870
Yield
of
Grain.
Per acre.
Bush. lbs.
37 5if
4iV
lOA
Yield
of
Straw.
3070
3220
16 46
22 10
30 26J3
Per acre
Lbs.
3042
3187
1*^5
1598
2245
24(i3
2446
34
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
TABLE II.— EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF JiAnTjEY— Concluded.
Fertilizers applied each year from 1889 to
1898 or 1899. No fertilizers used from
that time to 1905. Clover sown in 1899
and each year since with the grain and
ploughed under in the autumn. In 1905
fertilizers again applied as in 1898 clover
discontinued.
10
11
14
15
16
17
]8
19
20
21
Average Yield
FOR
Sixteen Years.
Yield
of
Grain.
Per acre.
8 Mineral phosphate,untreated,f]nely ground
500 lbs., wood ashes, unleached, l,.5O0 lbs
per acre, used each year from 1888 to 1897.
inclusive. In 1898 and 1899, 500 lbs. of
the Thomas' phosphate was used in place
of the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers
used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 ferti
lizers again used as in 1899
Mineral superphosphate No. 1, 500 lbs. per
acre used each year from 1888 to 1899,
inclusive. No fertilizer used 1900 to 1905.
In 1905 fertilizer again used as in 1899. . .
Mineral superphosphate. No. 1, 350 lbs.;
nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used
each year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive.
No fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In
1905 fertilizers again used as in 1899
Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, 350 lbs.;
nitrate of soda, 200 lbs.; wood ashes,
unleached, 1,. 500 lbs. per acre, used each
year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No
fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizers again used as_ in 1899
Unmanured from the beginning
Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acie, used
each year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No
fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
bone again used as at first
Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs.; wood ashes,
unleached, 1,. 500 lbs. per acre, used each
year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No
fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizers again used as at first
Nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each
year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No
fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizer again used as at first
Muriate of potash, 150 lbs. per acre, used
each year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No
fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizer again used as at first
Sulphate of ammonia, 300 lbs. per acre, used
each year from 1888 tol899, inclusive. No
fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizer again used as at first
Sulphate of iron, 00 lbs. per acre, used each
year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No
fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizer again used as at first
Common salt (Sodium chloride) 300 lbs. per
acre used each year from 1888 to 1809, in-
clusive. No fertilizer used from 1900 to 1 905.
In 1905 fertilizer again used as at first. . .
Land plaster or gypsum (Calcium sulphi^te),
300 lbs. per acre, used each year from
1888 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizer used
from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizer again
used as at first
Mineral superphosphate, No. 2, 500 lbs. per
acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899,
inclusive. No fertilizer used from 1900 to
1905. In 1905 fertilizer again used as at
first
Bush. lbs.
22 SOjS
27
14
Yield
of
Straw.
Per acre
27 45i%
17,'*
22f,
15 33i^j
24 12/,^
21 46H
22
19
18
27
20
21
17Tn Season, 1905.
Variety,
Men-sury.
Yield
of
Grain.
Per acre.
Per;
Lbs. Bush. lbs.
1850
1701
2322
2462
1240
1-130
2123
2224
43H
1832
17il
1903
4711
1533
7t\
1868
30H
1603
19A
1758
40 ..
38 26
43 36
45 39
24 28
S5 20
45 40
28 6
31 2
32 44
34 8
43 46
31 2
37 14
Yield
of
Straw.
Average Yield
FOR
Seventeen Years.
Yield
of
Grain.
Per acre.
Lbs. Bush. lbs.
2720
3040
3350
3180
1880
1530
2G00
2000
2090
1930
1590
1890
1780
1970
23 31^
22 47tV
28 41 i?
Yield
of
Straw.
Perac
Lbs.
28 20] S 2504
15 2H 1278
1901
1780
2382
16 41i\
25 25/v
22 15^V
1436
2151
2211
23 18H 1847
20 8,
19 42n
28 6}5
21 12
22 16
1905
1630
1869
1613
1770
REPORT OF TEE DIRECTOR
35
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
OAT PLOTS.
The quantity of seed sown per acre on the oat plots was 2 bushels in 1889 and
1890; li bushels in 1891 to 1893, and 2 bushels from 1894 to 1905, inclusive. The varie-
ties used were as follows: In 1889, Early English; in 1890 to 1893, Prize Cluster; and
from 1894 to 1905, inclusive, the Banner. In 1905 Banner was sown May 4 and the
plots were harvested August 10.
TABLE III.
EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF OATJ.
Fertilizers applied each year from 1889 to
1898 or 1899. No fertilizers used from that
time to 1905. Clover sown in 1899 and
each j-ear since with the grain and plough-
ed under in the autumn. In 1905 fertiliz-
ers again applied as in 1898. Clover dis-
continued .
AVEBAGK YlKLD
FOR
Sixteen Ykaes.
Yield
of
Grain.
Per acre.
Bush. lbs.
24A
23U
28?6
Barn-yard manure, well rotted, 15 tons per
acre each year to 1898, inclusive. No
manure used from 18S9 to 1905. In 1905
15 tons per acre were again used | 51
Barn-yard manure, fresh, 15 tons per acre
each year to 1898, inclusive. No manure
used from 1899 to 1905. In 1905 15 tons
per acre were again used.
Unmanured from the beginning 34
Mineral ])hosphate, untreated, finely
ground, 500 lbs. per acre, used each year
from 1888 to 1897, inclusive. In 1898 and
1899 a similar weight of the Thomas' phos-
phate was used. No fertilizer used from
1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizer again
used as in 1899 35 27^ J
Mineral phosphate.untreated, finely ground,
500 lbs. nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre,
used each year from 1888 to 1897, in-
clusive. In 1898 and 1899, 500 lbs. of the
Thomas' phosphate was used in place of
the mineral phosphate. No fertilizers
used from 1900 to 1905. lu 1905 fertiliz-
ers again used as in 1899 49 12J|
Earn -yard manure, partly rotted and ac-
tively fermenting, 6 tons per acre ; min-
eral phosphate, untreated, finely ground,
500 lbs. per acre, composted together, in-
timately mixed and allowed to heat for
several days before using, applied each
year from 1888 to 1897, inclusive. In 1898
500 lbs. of Thomas' phosphate was used
in place of the mineral phosphate. No
fertilizers used from 1899 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizers again used as in 1898 48 32t?
Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground,
500 lbs. ; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs.; wood
ashes, unleached, 1,000 lbs. per acre, used
ea«h year from 1888 to 1897, inclusive. In
1893 and 1899, 500 lbs. of the Thomas'
phosphate was used in place of the min-
eral phosphate. No fertilizers used from
1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizers again
used as in 1899 49 13^^
Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground,
500 lbs.; wood ashes, unleached, 1,500
lbs. per acre used each year from 1888 to
1897, inclusive. In 1S98 and 1899, 500
lbs. of Thomas' phosfjhate was used in
place of the niineral p.Kosphate. No fer-
tilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
ffrtilizers again used as in 1899 ' 44 19}f
Mineral superphosphate. No. 1, 500 lbs. per
acre, used each year from 18S8 to 1899,
inclusive. No fertilizer used from 1900
to 190.5. In 1905 fertilizer again used as
in 1899 38 31^
16— 3i
Yield
of
Straw.
Per acre
Lbs.
3214
3352
1774
1892
2G48
745
3121
17tk Season, 1905.
Variety,
Banner.
Yield
of
Grain.
Per acre.
Yield
of
Stiaw.
Bush, lbs
64 4
62 22
43 18
52 22
49 14
CO 20
57 32
2523
1999
52 22
50 —
Per acre
Lbs.
3470
3650
1750
2450
3240
3640
33C0
Average Yield
FOR
Seventeen Years.
Yield
of
Grain.
Per acre.
Bush. lbs.
52 15^
56 3}1
35 11/:.
36 27^
49 121*
49 21 if
Yield
of
Straw.
Per acre
Lb3.
3229
3370
1773
1925
2673
2798
49 301 f 3132
3560
2080
45 2j\
39 19i?
2584
2004
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF OXTS-Condndcd.
P^
Fertilizers applied each year, from 1889 to
1898 or 1899. No fertilizers used from
that time to 1905. Clover sown in 1899
and each year since with the grain and
ploughed under in the autumn. In 1905
fertilizers again ajjplied as in 1898.
Clover discontinued.
Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, 350 lbs.;
nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used
each year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive.
No fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In
1905 fertilizers again used as in 1899. .
Mineral superphosphate. No. 1, 350 lbs.;
nitrate of soda, 200 lbs . ; wood ashes un-
leached, 1,500 lbs. per acre, used each year
from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No fertil-
izers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizers again used as in 1899
Unmanured from the beginning
Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre,
used each year from 1888 to 1S99 inclu-
sive. No fertilizer used from 1900 to
1905. In 1905 bone again used as at
first • • • • •
Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. ; wood ashes,
unleached, 1.500 lbs. per acre, used each
year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No
fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In
1905 fertilizers used again as at first. .
Nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each
year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No
fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In
1905 fertilizer used again as at first. .
Muriate of pota.-.h, 150 lbs. per aero, used
each year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive.
No fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In
1905 fertilizer again used as at first.
Sulphate of ammonia, 300 lbs. per acre, used
each year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive.
No fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905, In
1905 fertilizer again used as at first
18 Sulphate of iron, CO lbs. per acre, used each
year from 1888 to 1899, inclusive. No
fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In
1905 fertilizer again used as at first . .
19 Common salt (Sodium chloride), 300 lbs. per
acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899,
inclusive. No fertilizer used from 1900
to 1905. In 1905 fertilizer used again as
at first • • •
20 Land plaster or gypsum (Calcmm sulphate),
300 lbs. per acre, used each year from
1888 to 1899, inclusive. No fertilizer
used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizer
again used as at first
21 Mineral superphosphate. No. 2, 500 lbs.
per acre, used each year from 1889 to 1899,
inclusive. No fertilizer used from 1900 to
1905. In 1905 fertilizer again used as at
first
10
11
14
15
16
17
Average Yield
FOR
Sixteen Yeak.s.
17th Season, 1905.
Variety, Banner.
Average Yield
FOR
Seventeen Years.
Yield
of
Grain.
Per acre.
Bush. lbs.
Yield.
ot
Straw.
Per acre
47 14i«J
38 31}t
23 3011
35 19H
41 3H
46 32^
40 4H
45 32iV
39 13H
39 Uii
35 23»i^
36 17^
Yield
of
Grain,
Per acre.
Lbs.
2645
2441
1433
2005
2300
2729
2717
2766
2025
1976
2060
1904
Bush. lbs.
57 22
49 4
36 6
48 28
53 18
55 ..
56 26
59 4
48 18
49 24
51 6
62 22
Yield
of
Straw .
Per acre
Lbs.
Per acre. Per acre
1650
2190
1580
2170
Yield
of
Grain.
Yield
of
Straw.
Bush. lbs.
48 -i:
39 18^",
24 21xV
36 12A
2980 41 28if
3010
2620
2520
2690
47 14}f 2746
2170
2040
41
3H
46
24iV
39
31}ft
40
-T^7
36
20^
37
151^
REPORT OF TEE DIRECTOR
37
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
The one-tenth acre plots of wheat, barley and oats had by the end of 1903 become
infested with several troublesome perennial weeds, hence it was thong-ht best to sow
only one-half of each plot with grain in 1904, devoting the other half to a hoed crop
to clean the land. On this account no clover was sown on any of the cereal plots in
1904, and one-half of the wheat plots was sown with mangels, one-half of the barley
plots with potatoes, and one-half of the oat plots with carrots, computing the yields
of grain from a one-twentieth acre plot in each case.
INDIAN COEN PLOTS.
The experiments with the plots of Indian corn have been conducted with the object
of obtaining the largest weight of well matured green fodder for the silo, and to have
the com so far advanced when cut, that the ears shall be as far as is practicable in
the late milk or glazed condition. Each plot has been divided from the outset into two
equal parts, on one of which — known as No. 1 — one of the stronger growing and some-
what later ripening sorts has been tried, and on the other, marked No. 2, one of the
earlier maturing varieties. During the first four years one of the Dent varieties was
tested under No. 1. On the other haK of the plot (No. 2) one of the Flint varieties
was grown. For the firet four years the No. 1 series was planted in drills 3 feet apart,
using about 24 pounds of seed to the acre and thinning the plants, when up, to 6 or 8
inches, and the No. 2 in hills 3 feet apart each way with 4 or 5 kernels in a hill.
During the past eight years both sorts have been grown in hills.
In 1900 no crop of Indian corn was grown on these plots, but clover was sown in
its place on May 5, in the proportion of 12 pounds per acre. This made a strong growth,
was cut twice during the season and left on the ground to decay, so that when ploughed
under, the land might get the full benefit of the clover crop. The clover was allowed
to remain growing until May 20, 1901. ^It was then ploughed under about 6 inches
deep, and harrowed well before the corn was planted. Clover was sown again in 1903,
and ploughed under in May, 1904. The com was planted in 1905, on May 16, and cut
for ensilage September 14.
EXPERIMENTS WITH FEUTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF INDIAN CORN, CUT GREEN
FOR ENSILAGE.
Fertilizers applied each year from 1888 to
1898 or 1899. No fertilizers used from
that time to 1905. Clover sown in 1900
in place of the corn and ploughed under
in May, 1 901, before the corn was planted.
In 1903 clover was again sown and
plousrhed under in May, 1904. In 1905
fertilizers again applied as in 1898, clover
discontinued.
Average Yield
FOR
Thirteen Years.
Per acre.
Bam yard manure (mixed horse and cow
manure (well rotted, 12 tons per acre,
each year from 1888 to 1898 inclusive.
No manure used from 1899 to 1905. In
1905 manure was again used as at first. . .
Barn-yard manure (mixed horse and cow
manure) fresh, 12 tons per acre each year
from 1S88 to 1898 inclusive. No manure
used from 1899 to 1905. In 1905 manure
was asrain used as at first
Tons. lbs.
16
16
Unrnanured from the beginning I 7
804
594
399
u
03
Per acre
IGth Season, 1905.
I 13 ■'^ a
o
J3
O O^
r4N
Per acre.
Ton.« lbs Tons. lbs.
13 332
18 1160
11 llGl 18
5 8261 6
30
140
o tC-C a;
Per acre
Tons lbs
15 1170
7G0
836.
Average Yield
for
Fourteen Years.
Per
Tons. lbs.
16 1076
809
258
^2
Per acre
Tons lbs
13 634
11 1636
5 1077
38
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF INDIAN CORN.
Fertilizers applied each year, from 1888 to
18'J8 or 1899. No fertilizers used from
that time to 1905. Clover sown in 1900
in place of the corn and ploughed under
in May, 1901, before the corn was planted.
In 1903 clover was again sown and
ploughed under in May, 1904. In 1905
fertilizers again applied as in 1898. Clover
discontinued.
16
4(Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely ground,
800 IId". per acre, used each year from
1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 1893 and 1899
a similar weight of the Thomas' phos
phate was used. No fertilizer used from
IVtOO to 1905. In 1905 fertilizer again
used as in 1899 • •
Mineral phosphate,untreated, finely ground,
800 lbs., nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre,
used each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive.
In 1898 and 1899, 800 lbs. of the Thomas'
phosphate was used in place of the mineral
phosphate. No fertilizers used from 1900
to 1905". In 1905 fertilizers again used as
in 1899 • ; ■ • • j- ■ •
Barn-yard manure, partly rotted and ac
tively fermenting, 6 tons per acre ; mineral
phosphate, untreated, finely ground, 500
Ibo. per acre, composted together, intim-
ately mixed and allowed to heat for
several days before using, applied each
year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. In 1898
500 lbs. of Thomas' phosphate was used
in place of the mineral phosphate. No
fertilizers used from 1899 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizers again used as in 1898
Mineral phosphate,untreated,finely ground,
500 lbs. ; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. ; wood
ashes, unleached, 1,000 lbs. per acre, used
each year from 1888 to 1897 inclusive. In
1898 and 1899, 500 lbs. of the Thomas'
phosphate was used in place of the
mineral phosphate. No fertilizers used
from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizers
again usnd as in 1899 . . |15
Mineral phosphate.untreated, finely ground,
500 lbs., wood ashes, unleached, 1,500 lbs.,
per acre, used each year from 1 888 to 1897
inclusive. In 189:^ and 1899 500 lbs. of
the Thomas' phosphate was used in
pi ice of the mineral phosphate. No fer-
tilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizers again used as in 1899
Mineral superphosphate. No. 1, 500 lbs. per
acre, used each year from 1888 to 1899 in-
clusive. No fertilizer used from 19CK) to
1905. In 1905 fertihzer again used as in I
1899 11
Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, 350 lbs. ;,
nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each
year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No
fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In|
1905 fertilizers again used as in 1899. ....
Mineral superphosphate. No. 1, 350 lbs. ;
nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. ; wood ashes,
unleached, 1,500 lbs. per acre, used each
year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No
fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In
1905 fertilizers again used as m 1899 116
Tona. lbs.
AvEBAGB Yield
FOB
Thirteen Ykabs.
10
11
12
468
11 1311
16th Season, 1905.
AVERAtJE YlKLD
FOR
Fourteen Years.
Tons.lbs Tons. lbs. Tons.lbsiTons. Ibs.JTons.lbs
5 924
9 578
473
10 1300
14 1870
10 1210
8 770
12 157011 1721
12 28815 25013 42016 334
449
11 660,14 840
584
75'
9 1292
8 1651
13 1060! 10 1234
5 1567
9 1014
12 421
12 132015 34811 826
14 181013 24012 892
13 1410 10 1250ill 1048
13 1950'10 166013 1116
532 12 100716 74013 97016 545 12 1130
9 1726
8 1876
10 1261
REPORT OF TEE DIRECTOR
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS OX PLOTS OF INDIAN CO^"^— Concluded.
14
15
Fertilizers applied each year from 1888 to
1898 or 1S99. No fertilizers used from
that time to 1905. Clover sown in 1900
in place of the corn and ploughed under
in May, 1901, before the corn was planted.
In 1903 clover was again sown and
ploughed under in May, 1901. In 1905
fertilizers again applied as in 1898. Clover
discontinued.
Average Yield
FOB
Thirteen Years.
^ > o
Per acre.
Unmanured from the beginning
Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. per acre, used
each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No
fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In
1905 bone again used as at first
Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. ; wood ashes,
unleached, 1,500 lbs. per acre, used each
year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive. No
fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizei-s again used as at first
Nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre, used each
year from 188S to 1899 inclusive. No
fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In
1905 fertilizer again used as at first
Ig' Sulphate of ammonia, 300 lbs. per acre,
I used each year from 1888 to 1899 inclusive.
I No fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In
' 1905 fertilizer again used as at first . - - -
Tons.
11
12
12
12
13
17
18
19
20
21
Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, 600 lbs. ;
muriate of potash 200 lbs. ; sulphate of
ammonia, 150 lbs. per acre, used each
year from 1889 to 1399 inclusive. No
fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizer again used as at first
Muriate of potash, 300 lbs. per acre, used
each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No
fertilizer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizer again used as at first
Double sulphate of potash and magnesia
300 lbs. per acre in 1889 and '90 : (muriate
of potash 200 lbs., substituted, each year
since); dried blood, 300 lbs.; mineral super-
phosphate. No. 1, 500 lbs. per acre, used
each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No
fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizers again used as at first
Wood ashes, unleached, 1,900 lbs. per acre,
used each year from 1889 to 1899 inclusive.
No fertilizer used from 1900 to 190.5. In
1905 fertilizer again used as at first
Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. ; sulphate of
ammonia, 200 lbs. ; muriate of potash, 200
lbs. per acre, used each year from 1889 to
1899 inclusive. No fertilizers used from
1900. to 1905. In 1905 fertilizers ag;
used as at first
10
12
11
lbs.
116
538
1921
1099
16th Season, 1905.
Per acre
I (D e 0)
I TJ O
2:; "^
Per acre.
Tons lbs Tons. lbs.
9 342 10 1640
9 1206 13 1490
10 210 15 600
9 1481
12 710
212 10 254 12 1130
13 1149
2.55
765
251
12 1387
10 306
7 960
9 297
Per acre
Average Yield
for
Fourteen Years.
Ou-,
O bcra
Per;
Tons lbs Tons. lbs.
10 32011 86
12 860 12 722
!^5 .
Per acre
Tons lbs
9 4G6
9 1.559
13 120013 213 10 647
10 1910
12 1075
11 1260,13 144 10 442
9 1633
14 78012 lt>40
13 1251
14 71013 7701 10 783
15 1770
8 1119 15 940
7 1797 14 610
13 540
13 1430
12 1800
12 1203
10 639
7 1698
9 812
11 800 8 1763
12 1588
8 422
PLOTS OF MANGELS AND TUKNIPS.
In conducting these experiments, the roots only have been taken from the land,
the tops have always been cut oS and left on the ground to be ploughed under, so that
the plant food they have taken from the soil may be returned to it. One half of each
one-tenth acre plot in the series has been devoted to the growth of mangels, and the
other half to turnips, and these crops have been alternated from year to year. The
preparation of the land has been the same for both these roots. Until 1900 it was
40
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1936
ploughed in the autumn after the crop was gathered, gang-ploughed deeply in the
spring after the barn-yard manure had been spread on plots 1, 2 and 6, and after gang-
ploughing, the other fertilizers were spread by scattering them evenly over the surface,
after which it was all harrowed with the smoothing harrow, then made in ridges 2 feet)
apart, rolled and sown.
The variety of mangel principally grown was the Mammoth Long Eed, and four
pounds of seed were sown per acre each year.
The variety of turnip chiefly sown was the Prize Purple Top Swede. The land
used for the turnips, which are usually sown later than the mangels, was prepared in
the same manner as for the mangels. It was then allowed to stand until the day before
sowing, when it was gang-ploughed shallow or cultivated to kill weeds and loosen the
soil, ridged, rolled and sown. About 3 pounds of seed were sown per acre.
In 1900 and 1903, no crops of mangels or turnips were grown, but clover was sown
in their place in May in the proportion of 12 pounds per acre. This made a strong
growth and was cut twice each year during the season, and left on the ground to decay,
so that when ploughed under, the land might get the full benefit of the clover crop.
The clover was allowed to remain growing until near the middle of May, the second
year following, by which time it had made a very heavy growth. It was then ploughed
under about 6 inches deep and harrowed well, then made into ridges 2 feet apart.
These were rolled with a hand roller, which flattened the ridges considerably and made
a firm, even seed bed. The crops of clover and roots were alternated in this way, for
the purpose of supplying humus and also of gaining information as to the fertilizing
effect of green clover ploughed under on land to be used for growing roots.
In 1905, the mangels were sown on May 6, and pulled on October 17; the turnips
were sown May 10, and pulled October 8. The yield per acre has been calculated in
each case frm the weight of roots gathered from the whole plot.
EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF MANCxELS AND TURNIPS.
Fertilizers applied each year from
18S9 to 1898 or 1899. No fertilizers
used from that time to 1905. Clover
sown in 1900 in place of the roots
and ploughed under in May, 1901,
before the roots were sown. In
1903 clover was again sown and
ploughed under in May, 1904. In
190.5 fertilizers again applied as in
1899, clover discontinued.
AvEK.^GE Yield
FOR
Thirteen Years.
16th Season, 1905.
Varieties.
East Half West Half
Plot. Plot
Mangels,
Weight
of roots.
Per Acre.
Barn-yard manure (mixed horse and
cow manure) well rotted, 20 tons
per acre each year from 1889 to
1898 inclusive. No maimre used
from 1899 to 1905. In 1905 manure
was again used as at first
2iBarn-yard manure (mixed horse and
cow manure) fresh, 20 tons per acre
each year from 1889 to 1898 in-
clusive. No manure used from 1899
to 1905. In 1905 manure was again
used as at first.
Unmanured from the beginning
Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely
ground, 1,000 lbs. per acre, used
each year from 1889 to 1897, in-
clusive. In 1898 and 1899 a similar
weight of the Thomas' phosphate
was used. No fertilizer used from
1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizer
again used as in 1899
Tons. lbs.
21 1879
20 1535
9 58
Turnips,
Weight
of roots.
Per Acre.
Tons. lbs.
16 475
16 570
7 1669
8 1739 8 1307
Turnips
Purple
Top
Swede.
Weight
of roots.
Per Acre.
Tons. lbs.
8 300
8 30
2 1610
Mangels
Mammoth
Long Red,
Weight
of roots.
Per Acre.
Tons. lbs.
Average Yield
FOR
Fourteen Years.
Mangels,
Weight
of roots.
Per Acre.
Tons. lbs.
25 1060 22 358
Turnips,
Weight
of roots.
Per Acre.
Tons. lbs.
15 1397
27 850! 21 423" 15 1467
8 420 8 1949 7 998
3 1430| 10 490 8 1922 8 049
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR
a
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OK MANGELS AND T\]KK1V^~ Continued.
Fertilizers applied each j-ear from
1889 to 1898 or 1899. No fertilizers
used from that time to 1905. Clover
sown in 1900 in place of the root:
and ploughed under in May, 1901
before the roots were sown. In 1903
clover was again sown and plough-
ed- under in May, 1904. In 1905
fertilizers again applied as in 1899.
Clover discontinued.
10
11
Mineral phosphate, untreated, finely
ground, 1,000 lbs., nitrate of soda,
250 lbs., wood ashes, uuleached,
1,000 lbs. psr acre, used each year
from 1889 to 1897 inclusive. In
1898 and 1899 500 lbs. of the Tho
mas' phosphate was used in place
of the mineral phosphate. No ferti
lizers used from 1900 to 1905. In
1905 fertilizers again used as in 1899.
Barn-yard manure, partly rotted and
actively fermenting, 6 tons per
acre ; mineral phosphate, untreated,
finely ground, 1,000 lbs. per acre,
composted together, intimately
mixed and allowed to heat for
several days before using, applied
each year from 1889 to 1897 inclu-
sive. In 1898 1,000 lbs. of Thomas
pho.sphate was used in place of
the mineral pho.sphate. No fertili-
zers used from 1899 to 1905. In
1905 fertilizers again used as in
1898
Mineral phosphate, untreated, finelj'
ground, 1,000 lbs. : sulphate of
potash, 200 lbs. in 1889 and 1890
(substituted by muriate of potash,
250 lbs. in 1891 and subsequent
years); nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per
acre, used each year from 1889 to
1897 inclusive. In 1898 and 1899
1,000 lbs. of the Thomas' phosphate
was used in place of the mineral
phosphate. No fertilizers used
from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertdi-
zers again used as in 1899
Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, 500
lbs. ; suluhate of potash, 200 lbs. in
1889 and 1890 (substituted by mur-
iate of potash, 250 lbs. in 1891 and
subsequent years) ; nitrate of soda,
200 lbs. per acre, used each year
from 1889 to 1899 inclusive. No
fertilizers used from 1900 to 1905.
In 1905 fertilizers again used as in
1899
Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, 500|
lbs. per acre, used each year from
1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertili-
zer used from 1900 to 1905. In
1905 fertilizer again used afe in 1890
Nitrate of soda, 300 lbs. per acre,!
used each year from 1889 to 1899,
inclusive. No fertilizer use from!
1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertilizer used
again as in 1899.
Sulphate of ammonia, 300 lbs. per
acre, used each year from 1889 to
1899 inclusive. No fertilizer used
from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertili-
zer used again as in 1899
Average Yield
FOR
Thirteen Years.
IGth Season, 1905,
Varieties.
East Half West half
Plot. Plot.
jNIangels.
Weight'
of Roots.
Per Acre. Per Acre
Turnips,
Weight
of Roots.
Tons. lbs. Tons. lbs.
14
14
12
96:
17 1318
10 1099
13
11 1162
1690
1444
294
755
Turnips,
Purple
Top Swede
Weight
of Roots.
Per Acre.
Tons, lbs
Mangels,
Mammoth
Long Red,
Weight
of Roots.
Per Acre.
Tons. lbs.
5 1600 20 1880
Average Yield
for
Fourteen Years.
Mangels,
Weight
of Roots.
Per Acre.
Turnips,
Weight
of Roots.
Per Acre.
Tons. Ibs.iTons. lbs.
1820
1695
11 1990
22 560
140 19 1370
1770
17 1970
1701 4 1050,16
529|11
16371 4
158
460
160
17
480
950
13 1740
14 1824
10 470
17 1934 12 1893
12
243 9 1191
14
10
14
12
242
313
738
11 1175
9 991
9 892
743; 10 1358
42
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD Vll^ A. 1906
EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS ON PLOTS OF MANGELS AND TUHl^IFS— Concluded.
Fertilizers applied each year from
1889 to 1898 or 1899. No fertilizers
used from that time to 1905. Clover
sown in 1900 in place of the roots
and ploughed under in May, 1901,
before the roots were sown. In 1903
clover was again sown and plough-
ed under in May, 1904. In 1905
fertilizers again applied as in 1899.
Clover discontinued.
Average Yield
FOR
Thirteen Years.
East Half West Half
Plot. Plot,
Mangels,
Weight
of Roots.
Per Acre .
Tons.
7
12lUnmamired from the beginning
13 Bone, finely ground, 500 lbs. ; wood
ashes, unleached, 1,000 lbs. per
acre, used each year from 1889 to
1899 inclusive. No fertilizers used
from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertili-
zers again used as at first 12
14 Wood ashes, unleached, 2,000 lbs. per
acre, used each year from 1889 to
1899, inclusive. No fertilizer used
from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertili-
zer again used as at first 11
15 Common salt (Sodium chloride), 400
lbs. per acre, used each year from
1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertili-
zer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizer again used as at first ....
IC Mineral su}>erphosphate. No. 1, 500
lbs.; nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per
acre, used each year from 1889 to
1899 inclusive. No fertilizers used
from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertili-
zers again used as at jirst ^ .
17 Mineral superphosphate, No. 1, 350
lbs.; wood ashes, unleached, 1,500
lbs. per acre, used each year from
1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertili-
zers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizers again used as at first
18 Mineral superphosphate. No. 1, 500
lbs., muriate of potash, 200 lbs. per
acre, used each year from 1889 to
1899 inclusive. No fertilizers used
from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 fertili-
zers again used as at first
19 Double sulphate of potash and mag-
nesia, 300 lbs. per acre in 1889 and
1890 (muriate of potash, 200 lbs.,
substituted each year since) ; dried
blood, 250 lbs.; mineral superphos-'
phate. No. 1, .500 lbs. per acre, used
each year from 1889 to 1899 inclu-
sive. No fertilizers used from 1900
to 1995. In 1905 fertilizers again
used as at first
20 Wood, ashes, unleached, 1,500 lbs.;
common salt (sodium chloride), .300
lbs. per acre, used each year from
1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertili-
zers used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizers again used as at first.
21 Mineral superphosphate, No. 2, 500
lbs. per acre, used each year from
1889 to 1899 inclusive. No fertili-
zer used from 1900 to 1905. In 1905
fertilizer again used as at first
12
13
14
14
lbs.
966
356
266
1814
Turnips,
Weight
of Roots.
Turnips,
Purple
Top Swede
Weight
of Roots.
Per Acre .
Tons. lbs.
7 1407
9 628
8 1523
89G
16th Season, 1905,
Varieties.
Per Acre.
Tons. lbs.
2 430
4 1040
Mangels,
Mammoth
Long Red,
Weight
of Roots.
Per Acre .
Tons, lbs,
7 250
AvERAGK Yield
FOR
Fourteen Years.
Mangels,
Weight
of Roots.
Per Acre . Per Acre
Turnips,
Weight
of Roots.
Tons, lbs.! Tons. lbs.
7 918 7 675
13 1580 12 571
5 84012 60011 422
3 1590
1801 11 837 4 540
735' 11 301
12 1762 11 1465
458
1922
12 1395
11 881
3 1570
13 45010 256
14 530
12 1983
8 1989
8 1077
8 276
10 1884
16 115013 116310 1319
4 14015 1580
13 150 11 443
4 960
ll4 1725 11 1544
16 1590
14 800
12 299
3 81017 30015 21410 1810
3 110
16 1500 14 1977
11 382
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 43
SESSIONAL PAPER H>\ 16
BULLETINS ISSUED DURING 1905.
Five bulletins have been issued during the year : No. 48 on the ' results obtained
jn 190-4 from trial plots of grain, fodder com, field roots and potatoes.' This bulletin
is the tenth of the series of crop bulletins issued from the Experimental Farm, and
was prepared jointly by Dr. C. E. Saunders, Cerealist, and the Director. In this bul-
letin there are presented the results of a large number of experiments which were con-
ducted at all the Experimental Farms during the season of 1904, with oats, barley,
spring wheat, pease, Indian corn, turnips, mangels, carrots, sugar beets and potatoes,
in plots of uniform size, and the crops grown under uniform conditions. Both the
relative earliness and productiveness of the varieties are recorded. The average re-
sults are also given of these tests for the past five years, the varieties being arranged
in order of their productiveness, for this period.
No. 49, ' the Potato and its Culture, with tests of Varieties found most useful.'
This bulletin has been prepared by the Horticulturist of the Central Experimental
Farm, Mr. W. T. Macoun. The potato crop is everywhere one of great importance to
the community. In bulletin 49 there is presented in convenient form the results
gained through a long course of experiments regarding the productiveness, quality
and general usefulness of the best sorts of potatoes which have been imder trial at the
Experimental Farm during the past eighteen years. The number of named varieties
tested during this period is over SOO, besides several hundred seedlings. The relative
merits of all these different sorts have been compared, especially as to their productive-
ness, quality and earliness in maturing. The best methods of preparing the land for
■fliis crop and of planting and cultivating are fully explained; particulars are also
given as to the most successful remedies which have been adopted for the destruction
of the injurious insects which attack this plant, and for the diseases which affect the
vines and tubers. Select lists are also given of those varieties which have proved most
useful and profitable.
No. 50 on ' The Milling and Chemical YaliTe of the Grades of Wlieat in the Mani-
toba Inspection Division, Crop of 1904.' This bulletin consists of two parts. Part
I. on the Milling Value of the Grades of Wheat, has been prepared by Dr. C. E.
Saunders, Cerealist, and Part II. on A Chemical Study of the Grain and Flour, by
Mr. Frank T. Shutt, Chemist of the Dominion Experimental Farms.
The investigations reix>rted on in this bulletin were imdertaken in response to a
request received from the Manitoba Grain Growers Associa.tion, asking that the ex-
perimental farm staff should determine as accurately as possible the value of each
grade of wheat in the Manitoba Inspection Division, for milling purposes, also from,
the standpoint of chemical composition.
This subject is one of deep interest to the farmers of the Canadian North-west,
and every effort has been made to make the investigation thorough and complete. The
uniformity of the results obtained by these independent workers gives evidence of the
care and accuracy with which the work has been conducted, and will doubtless inspire
confidence in the reliability of the conclusions reached.
No. 51, on ' Bacon and Pigs in Canada, Notes on Breeding, Feeding and Managing
Swine, with Eeports of some Experiments.' This bulletin was prepared by Mr. J. H.
Grisdale, Agriculturist of the Central Experimental Farm, and presents a summary of
the experiments which have been conducted in reference to pork production since the
beginning of this work at the experimental farm. Much information is also given
regarding the selection of the best types of animals for carrying on this work, and of
the different methods of management as to housing, pasturing, &c. Many facts are
also presented in reference to the care and treatment of swine of different ages, and
the most profitable methods of feeding them in the several stages of their growth. The
swine industry has developed very rapidly in Canada during the past few years, and
the facilities the country affords for the extension of this profitable branch of farming
are practically unlimited. The useful information given in bulletin 51 will doubtless
prove helpful to a large number of those engaged in this branch of farm work.
44 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1908
No. 52, on ' Insects Injurious to Grain and Fodder Crops, Root Crops and Vege-
tables,' prepared by Dr. James Fletcher, Entomologist and Botanist of the Dominion
Experimental Farms.' The injuries annually caused by insects to farm crops, seriously
reduce the profits arising from the labour of the farmer. Much of this loss is pre-
ventable, and the object of this bulletin is to supply that practical information which
will enable the reader to deal with these several pests in the most effective manner and
at the least cost. The concise accounts given of the life history and habits of the
injurious species treated of, together with the illustrations, will provide the means
whereby they may be readily distinguished. The remedies suggested for the destruc-
tion of these pests are, as a rule, of easy application and at the same time are very
effective.
ANNUAL VISITS TO THE BRANCH EXPERIMENTAL FARMS.
The usual annual visits of inspection were made.
Agassiz was visited dtiring the latter part of August. The weather was dry prior
to and at the time of my visit and all the standing crops were in need of rain. The
grain was all harvested and threshing was in progress. All the grain crops excepting
wheat had been good, that had been injured by weevil. Hay had given very heavy re-
turns, the field roots and corn were growing rapidly and promised to be well up to the
average.
The apple crop was about medium, the yield of pears was light, plums variable,
some of the more prolific varieties were fruiting well, while others gave only light
returns. In the nut orchard the Japanese walnuts and chestnuts were yielding well,
English walnuts and Spanish chestnuts both gave light crops, filberts gave more than
an average yield.
Indian Head was twice visited, once on the way out to the coast about the middle
of August, and the second time on September 11. The first visit was just before har-
vest began at the return visit in September. I found the grain practically all cut and
no frost had occurred up to that time. The wheat in stook looked very heavy and the
oats and barley equally good. Field peas were an excellent crop, and roots were grow-
ing rapidly and promised well. Potatoes also were giving excellent returns. This sea-
son carrots were sown earlier than usual and they were the best crop ever grown at this
farm. Clover and Alfalfa were doing well, and Brome Grass and Western Rye Grass
liad both given excellent crops of hay; orchard grass and timothy had also done well.
Corn was being cut on the day I arrived, September 11, and gave good returns. The
next day, September 12, there was a light frost, the thermometer registering 31° F. at
Indian Head. Most of the tender plants were cut, but no serious injury was done to
any of the crops. Fruit, forest trees and ornamental trees and shrubs had all made
excellent growth.
Brandon also was visited twice. At the time of the first visit early in August
niost of the grain was ripening and several of the earliest sorts of barley had been cut.
All varieties of grain promised well, oats were unusually heavy. On my return visit
the grain had been harvested and the results had been most gratifying. Oats on the
experimental plots had given yields varying with the different varieties from 137
bushels to 93 bushels per acre; the 39 different sorts under test averaged 111 bushels,
23 pounds per acre. Corn had given an excellent crop, and potatoes the largest crops
ever grown on the farm. The weather had been very favourable for harvesting, and
threshing was proceeding in every direction. Many of the cross-bred apples planted
in the experimental orchards, both here and at Indian Head, were fruiting well and
were attracting much attention from visiting farmers. Both of these farms were in
excellent condition.
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 45
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
NappaNj Nova Scotia, was visited early in October. The crops of cereals which
were all harvested had given yields well above the average; some of the oats gave
from 80 to 90 bushels per acre, spring wheat from 20 to 35 bushels and barley from 35
to 49 bushels. Seeding was late in 1905, owing to a cold and wet spring, but favour-
able weather later on brought the grain crops on rapidly. Hay has given very good
crops, much above the average. Field roots and Indian corn produced returns also
above the average. The fruit orchards on this farm are doing well, most of the apples
gave heavy crops; the other sorts of large fruits gave light returns; small fruits, how-
ever, did well.
ACKNOWLEDGIEENTS.
I beg to tender grateful acknowledgments to those who have rendered me special
service during the year. To the Department of Agriculture, St. Petersburg, Russia, for
samples of early maturing varieties of barley brought from the northern grain grow-
ing sections of the Empire. To the United States Department of Agriculture for seed
of AKalf a from different countries for test at the experimental farms. To the Director
et the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plains, ^lass., for seeds of shrubs and trees, also to
the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, England, for many sorts of seeds of trees,
shrubs and flowers.
I thank the officers of the Central and Branch Experimental Earms, for their
earnest co-operation in carrying on the different divisions of the work. My acknowl-
edgments are also due to those members of tlie staff who have assisted me in those
branches of the work of which I have retained personal charge. To the farm foreman,
Mr. John Fixter, who has carefully supervised the special tests of fertilizers and re-
corded the results. To Mr. George Fixter, to whom I am indebted for his watchful
care over the distribution of samples of seed grain. To Mr. James Taggart for the
care and industry he has displayed as foreman of the ornamental grounds, and to Mr.
Wm. Ellis for his careful management of the plants and shrubs in the green houses,
and the propagation and raising of plants for outside decoration; also for the useful
Ben-ice he has rendered in testing the vitality of seeds and in the taking of meteoro-
logical records.
I take pleasure also in bearing testimony to the faithful sen-ices of my secretary,
Mr. Malcolm 0. O'Hanly. The employees also of all the farms have my thanks for the
interest they have taken in their work and the care with which they have discharged
their respective duties.
WM. SAHNTDERS,
Director of Dominion Experimental Farms.
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906
REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST
(J. H. Grisdale, B. Agr.)
Dr. Wm. Sauxders,
Director Dominion Experimental Farms,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith reports upon the horses, cattle, sheep,
swine and farming operations under my supervision during the past year.
I have to report a fairly successful year in the different branches of my division
and in this connection I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness for assistance and in-
terested co-operation in their various positions of the farm foreman, Mr. John Fixter,
of the herdsman, Mr. C. T. Brettell, and of the dairyman, Mr. J. Meilleur.
During the year I have attended a number of meetings in various parts of Can-
ada, and have conducted a number of student- judging contests, in addition to my
regular work of supervising and directing the experimental feeding and farming
operations at the Central Experimental Farm.
From Decmber 1, 1904, to November 30, 1905, 2,090 letters were received, and
3,20G despatched by the agricultural division.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
J. H. GRISDALE,
Agriculturist.
LIVE STOCK.
The live stock now (December 1, 1905) occupying the different stables and pens
r.nder my charge include horses, cattle, sheep and swine.
horses.
The horses are kept for labour exclusively, although some experimental feeding
is usually under way to gain some information as to the most economical methods of
feeding draught horses, as well as experiments to determine the comparative values of
(^ifierent foods as forage for the same.
The horses are usually 19 in number, made up of : —
Thirteen heavy draught horses of Clydesdale and Percheron blood.
Five heavy driving horses.
One light driver.
CATTLE.
There are representatives of four breeds of cattle, viz.: —
Shorthorn, Ayrshire, Guernsey and Canadian. There are besides, a number of
grade cattle and steers. These cattle are kept for breeding and feeding operations,
mostly of an experimental character. Pure bred feeding animals are usually on sale,
however, and a considerable number are sold in the course of the year.
47
48 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
PURE BRED BREEDING CATTLE.
The pure bred cattle in the barn at present are as follows: —
19 Shorthorns, including 5 bulls and 14 females.
20 Ayrshire, including 3 bulls and 17 females.
12 Guernseys, including 3 bulls and 9 females.
12 Canadians, including 1 bull and 11 females.
GRADE CATTLE.
At present the grades number 18 head, made up of 3 Shorthorn grades, 5 Ayr-
shire grades, 6 Guernsey grades, and 4 Canadian grades.
Steers.
Forty-seven steers are under feed at present. They are of difierent ages and
breeding, and the number is made up of :
29 two-year-olds. 8 yearlings. 10 calves.
SHEEP.
Sheep are not kept in large numbers, only 42 being now in the pens. Two breeds
are kept, namely : Shropshires and Leioe&ters.
There are 27 Shropshires, as follows : — 2 Shearling rams, 5 ram lambs, 11 aged
ewes, 6 shearling ewes and 3 ewe lambs.
There are 15 Leicesters, as follows : — 10 ewes, 1 ewe lamb, and 4 ram lambs.
SWINE.
Ninety swine of all classes are now in the pens being fed experimentally or being
kept for breeding purposes. The breeds kept are Berkshires, Tamworths and Yorkshires.
The Yorkshires are 39 in number, including: 2 stock boars; 24 breeding sows;
13 feeders.
The Berkshires are 12 in number, including: 1 stock boar. 8 breeding sows.
3 feeders.
The Tamworths are 15 in number, including: 1 stock boar; 8 breeding sows;
4 feeders; 2 young boars.
Crossbreds, 24 feeders.
HORSES.
There are 19 horses in the stables. These horses are expected to do the work in
the various departments during the year. The work on the ' 200-acre farm ' is but a
part of their duties. They work in addition for the horticultural and cereal depart-
ments, as well as upon the lawns and in the Arboretum. In addition a large amount of
hauling in connection with the different departments, as well as road making and
messenger service, takes up much of their time.
HORSE LABOUR.
During the year from July 1, 1904, to June 30, 1905, the work done by the 19
horses kept in the stables here was equivalent to 5,763-9 days' work, distributed as
follows: — Live stock, hauling feed, marketing stock, &c., 159*1 days; farm work (200-
acre farm) 723 -1 days ; draining and care of roads, including removing snow and
breaking roads in winter, 286 -2 days ; manure on 200-acre farm, 252-8 days;
cleaning land, gathering stones, &c., 10 days ; Arboretum, 130*5 days ; hor-
ticultural division, 664 days; lawns, &c., 175 days; cereal division, 696-6
days ; bulletins and reports to and from farm office, 103 -6 days ; poultry, 33 -8
days; mail, including milk delivery, 176*3 days; omnibus service, including 3 horses
REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST
49
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
for omnibus, 2 horses for general driving and 1 horse for supervision of work, 2,345
days ; work about greenhouse, outbuildings, sidewalks, exhibitions, &c., 169 '9 days.
In estimating the cost of farming operations further on in this report, $3 per day
is charged for team and driver. To feed and care for the horses costs 32J cents per
horse per working day, and the driver receives $1.72^ per 10-hour day. It is evident,
therefore, that the team and driver cost $2,374 per day, leaving a margin of 62| cents,
or 31^ cents, nearly, per horse per day for wear and tear.
FEEDING HEAVY HORSES.
The horses have been fed during the year along the lines indicated by recent ex-
perimental feeding as reported upon in 1904. The extensive use of bran in the place
of oats has resulted in a very considerable saving in the cost of feeding during the
year.
An experiment to gain more information as to the value of bran as a horse feed
has been conducted this year and may be reported upon as follows ; —
The horses, 10 in number, were divided into 5 groups of 2 each; the roughage
ration in each case being mixed hay.
During the second period group 1 received a meal mixture of pure oats; group 2,
1 part bran to 1 part oats; group 3, 2 parts bran to 1 part oats; group 4, 2 parts oats,
1 part bran ; group 5, oats 1 part, bran 3 parts. The oats were whole in every case.
The meal was fed in three nearly equal portions morning, noon and night, while
only one-fifth of the hay was fed in the morning, as much at noon, and the balance
or three-fifths at night.
To illustrate, one of the horses in grouiD 1 received his rations as follows : — -
Morning, hay 3 lbs.; meal mixture, 6 lbs.
ISToon, hay 3 lbs. ; meal mixture, 6 lbs.
Evening, hay 8 lbs. ; meal mixture, 5 lbs.
FIRST PERIOD OF 21 DAYS.
BKAN FEEDING EXPEEIUENT.
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1,542 Oats . .
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441
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1,530
12—
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Oats . .
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441
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1,556
21 +
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M .
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15—
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1,448
5 +
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104 02
10 95
16—4
50
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD Vil., A. 1906
SECOND PERIOD OF 21 DAYS.
BRAN FEEniXG EXPERIMENT.
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1
1,530
Pure Oats.
Timothy
441
420
21
20
1,551
21 4-
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6 30
109 50
100 50
2
1,55G
Bran . .
Oats . .
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441
357
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1,518
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5 44
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104 82
10 29
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1,556
Bran . .
Oats . .
.2
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441
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21
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1,556
25-8
5 42
94 17
109 50
15 .33
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1,587
Bran . .
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441
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1,576
10—
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5 86
101 83
109 50
7 67
5
1,448
Bran ..
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441
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21
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23 +
23-6
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1
103 36
17 22
The horses on these different rations were employed at various kinds of farm
work. During the first three week's period most of the time was spent hauling corn to
the silo (very heavy work) but during the last three weeks' period the work was more
general in character, such as ploughing, cultivating, hauling roots, &c.
Group 1. — This group consisted of young horses in fair flesh. They were fed
during the first period on hay and a concentrate ration of oats 14 lbs., bran 1 lbs.
They may be said to have held their own in the three weeks, since they changed only
12 lbs. in weight, a slight loss. During the second period they received the same hay
ration and a concentrate ration of pure oats. They did somewhat better during this
time, possibly due to lighter work.
Group 2. — Strong mature horses in their prime, were fed during the first period
on hay and a concentrate ration of bran and oats, 3 parts bran and 1 part oats. Dur-
ing the 3 weeks they fell off 50 lbs. each, but when changed to a ration of equal parts
bran and oats, and given lighter work, they continued to lose weight, though not so
rapidly since they lost only 8 lbs. in the 3 weeks.
Group 3. — Strong young horses 5 and 6 years old in good shape. This group were
fed during the first period on a concentrate ration of 3 parts oats and 1 part bran.
They made a slight gain, about 1 lb. per day, while on this ration, and when changed
to a ration of 2 parts bran and 1 part oats during the second period neither gained nor
lost during the 21 days.
Group 4. — Large geldings aged 9 and 10 years. They were fed hay and pure oats
during the first period, during which 21 days they lost 15 lbs. per head. The ration
was changed to bran 1, oats 2, when they still lost, though not quite so heavily, dropping
only 10 lbs. in the 21 days.
Group 5. — Somewhat lighter horses, but in their prime were fed during the first
period on hay and a concentrate ration made up of equal parts bran and oats. On this
REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 51
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
ration they made a gain of 5 lbs. each in the 21 days. They were changed to a ration
3 parts oats and 1 part bran during the second period, on which ration they gained 23
lbs. each in the 21 days.
Taking the different rations in turn and examining them we find that : —
On pure oats there was in 1 group a loss of 15 lbs. per period and a gain of 21
lbs. per i^eriod in the other group, a net gain of 6 lbs. in 6 weeks.
On oats 2, bran 1 there was during first period a loss of 12 lbs. per horse and a
further loss of 10 lbs. per horse during the second period, a total loss of 22 lbs. per
horse in 6 weeks.
On oats 1, bran 1 there was du^ring first period a gain of 5 lbs. per horse and a loss
of 8 lbs. during the second period, or a net loss of 3 lbs. per horse in the 6 weeks.
On oats 1, bran 3 there was during the first period a loss of 50 lbs. per horse, but a
gain of 23 lbs. during the second period, showing a total loss of 27 lbs. per horse in the
6 weeks.
On oats 1, bran 2 there was no change in 3 weeks.
On oats 3, bran 1 there was a gain of 21 lbs. in 3 weeks.
In conclusion, o\Tr experiments during 1905 go to corroborate our findings in 1904,
v.-hen we concluded that bran might very safely and very profitably constitute a very
large percentage of the meal ration of working horses. Probably equal parts bran and
oats might be taken as a fair proportion in which to mix the two feeds. Where the
mixture is being fed to horses with sound teeth there does not seem to be any particular
advantage in grinding the oats.
DAIRY CATTLE.
The herd of dairy cattle during the year 1901 consisted of 35 females all told.
They were: —
Ayrshires .' 8
Guernseys 5
Canadians 5
Shorthorns 6
Shorthorn grades 2
Ayrshire grades 4
Guernsey grades 4
Canadian grades 1
FEEDING THE DAIRY CATTLE.
Winter Feeding.
The roughage ration for the winter months was made up of straw, roots, ensilage
and clover hay. The straw was cut, the roots were pulped and a mixture in the pro-
portions of 400 lbs. ensilage, 200 lbs. roots and 30 lbs. cut straw prepared every second
day. This mixture being put in a solid pile fermented more or less in a few hours,
and the whole mass became quite juicy and apparently very palatable to the cows by
the time it was being fed. It was fed at the rate of about 40 lbs. -per 1,000 lbs. live
weight of cows fed.
The meal mixture this year was made up of bran 50 parts, ground oats 25 parts,
oil meal 25 parts. This mixture was fed at the same time as the roughage. Each
cow received meal in proportion to the amount of milk she was producing. The amount
fed varied from 2 lbs. per day wp to 13 lbs. per day. The meal portion was thrown on
top of the roughage the cow had just received and the whole mass given a slight stir
so as to mix the meal with the roughage, thus ensuring the two being eaten together.
After succulent roughage and meal had been consumed clover hay was fed at the rate
16— 4J
52 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
of about 2 lbs. per cow. The cows were fed in this way at 5.30 in the morning and 4
o'clock in the afternoon.
SUMMER FEEDING.
The cows were pastured as usual during the greater part of the summer months.
They occupied one field of the three year rotation marked ' E ' on page 82, and re-
ferred to there, as being under pasture in 1905. This field was able to carry about
forty head of cattle for over two months and over thirty head for the next two months.
When the pasture began to get bare it was supplemented by soiling crops cut and fed
in the stables. A somewhat heavier grain ration was fed this year than during any
previous year save 1904:, on account of the greater extent to which soiling was carried
on. The meal ration in summer consisted of oats and bran about equal parts. It was
fed in amounts varying with the milk yield of the cows being fed, save in the case of
beifers with their first calves, which usually received more than their records seemed
to call for as it was desired to encourage and to cultivate in them the habit of main-
taining a heavy and uniform flow of milk during the whole lactation period.
COST OF FEEDING.
In estimating the cost of feeding, the following prices were charged for feed
stuffs, being the average local market rates for the same during the season of 1905
save in the case of ensilage and roots, which are charged for at the rate usually affixed
in experimental feeding in all parts of America.
Pasture (per month) $ 1 00 per cow.
Bran 16 00 per ton.
Gluten meal and oil meal 25 00 "
Oats and barley 21 00 "
Clover hay 7 00
Chaff , 4 00
Roots and ensilage 2 00 "
In estimating the value of the product, 20 cents per pound is allowed for the but-
ter and 15 cents per hundred pounds for skim milk and butter milk. The butter is
manufactured on the farm and sells on the market at from 22 to 30 cents per pound,
an average of about 25 cents per pound during the last year. This leaves about 5
cents per pound for cost of manufacture.
The following tables give in detail the particulars concerning each cow, herd
statements for each of the pure bred herds, and monthly statements for all the herds
combined.
The monthly statements for the whole milking, herd show the total yield of milk
for each month, its butterfat content, the amount of butter produced, the number of
pounds of milk required for a pound of butter, and the average yield of milk per cow
per diem. The highest average per cent fat was recorded in November and the lowest
in February.
DAIRY CATTLE REPORTS.
During the year 35 different cows were miU\:ed for shorter or longer periods, as
Indicated on the first page of my report on dairy cattle, whereas in the subjoined ' herd
reports ' only 3 animals are reported upon in each breed.
In almost any dairy herd of any size some cows will be found that for some
reason have given milk during only a small part of any given year. Where a large
number of cows are being considered, one or two such cases introduced in estimating
the average does not materially affect the same, but where the herds to be compared
REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST
53
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
are small the consideration of one or two such cases in one herd and no such cases in
another makes an unjust difference in favour of the latter herd. To overcome this
difficulty as far as possible, the records of three of the best cows in each herd, and of
cows that had been in milk for the greater part of the year, have been taken and the
average estimated from these records, rather than from the records of all cows of that
particular breed that happened to calve during the year.
Eeport 1 is a summary of the more important points in connection with the year's
work with the dairy herd.
Eeport 2 contains the individual records of all cows that gave milk during the
year.
Eeport 3. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 give the herd records of the several pure bred and
grade herds under test.
REPonr I.
General Summaey.
No. of cows
givingmilk
for month .
Lbs. of milk
in m.oiitb . .
Average for
1 day. . .
Daily aver-
age per
cow
Per cent
fat
Lbs. butter
fat
Lbs. butter.
Lbs milk
for 1 lb.
b .tter
25
20,481
660-6
26-42
4-11
842-37
991-02
20 -6C
24
17,226
555-6
23 12
4-34
749 18
881-38
19 54
23
15,714
523-8
22-77
4-08
642 12
755-43
20-80
27
16,605
535-6
19-83
4-39
730-47
859-29
19-32
24
13,193
439-7
18-32
4-49
592 70
>,
u
eS
3
u
a
X!
ci
(0
>-5
fe
26
14,333
462-3
17-78
404
579 10
697-29 681-29
18-92
21 0^
20
19
13,060
11,705
421-2
418-8
21 06
22-04
3-99
3 64
522-35
426-68
610-45
501-97
21-41
23 11
23
18,791
606 1
26-34
4-02
756 01
889-42
m
21,813
727-1
27-96
4-01
874.81
1029-30
2112 21-19
29
23,850
769 3
26-52
3-82
910-49
1071 05
22-26
27
22,166
738-8
27-36
3-96
879-45
1034-65
21-43
24-7
17-411
571-5
23-29
407
708-81
8S3-50
21-73
54
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
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56 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
FEEDING DAIRY CATTLE.
For the Canadian dairy farmer the chief aim in his feeding operations for milk
production must ever be to produce the milk at as low a cost as possible. A not un-
common error, however, if one may judge by the average returns from Canadian dairy
herds, is to atterapt to lower cost by so decreasing the amount of food fed or by supply-
ing food of such poor quality as to make heavy milk yields impossible. Profitable milk
yields and very light rations do not go together. An abundance of food low in nutri-
tive value is equally certain to prove unsatisfactory. To illustrate, a cow with the ca-
pacity to consume 25 lbs. of dry matter per day will not be profitable if fed only 20 lbs.
per day. Neither will she be likely to prove more profitable even though she receive the
25 lbs. of dry matter per day if that dry matter be made up chiefly of such coarse
forage as straw and chaff. It must be borne in mind, however, that it is quite possible
to feed too heavy a ration and also that one may easily feed a ration too rich in nutri-
tive elements as for instance by feeding too large a proportion of meal in the ration.
Our experiments and experience go to show that certain qualities should charac-
terize rations for dairy cows if they are to prove satisfactory. In tlie first place the food
should be so abundant as to quite satisfy the cow without encouraging her to leave any-
thing over. In the second place it should be so palat^able as to induce her to eat all she
can get. Lastly it should be so high in food value as to insure a sufiicient amount of
material for milk production being left after life has been maintained. The best and
most available aids to palatability at the command of the farmer are succulent feeds,
such as roots and ensilage; while clover hay and bran are usually the most economical
sources of such nutritive elements as are most essential for milk production.
Of succulent feeds there is usually a sufficiency in summer, but even the summer
supply frequently falls short in such districts as are heavily stocked. Of the two sea-
sons it is quite certain that an abundance of gTeen feed in summer is even more im-
portant than in winter, hence the necessity of every dairy farmer making provision
by means of soiling crops of (1) pease and oats, (2) oats and vetches, (3) pease, oats
and vetches, (4) clover, (5) alfalfa, (6) green corn or (7) white turnips, or possibly
better still by means of (8) the summer silo filled with corn or clover ensilage.
In winter, in addition to corn, clover or other ensilage, sugar beets, mangels and
turnips may be provided and are certain to prove profitable additions to the dry ration
usually fed.
The value of a small amount of such succulent food in winter can scarcely be over-
estimated. Where it is desired to feed stock very cheaply, yet in such a way as to insure
good i-eturns during the winter and good preparation for the next summer's work, en-
silage or roots are certainly the most economical foods that can be used.
The amount of such foods to use will depend chiefly upon the supply, since the
ration might quite easily include as much as 50 lbs. roots or 40 lbs. ensilage per average
iiized adult animal. Hence if all of such food as could be fed were to be fed, a supply
of from 5 to 8 tons should be provided for each full grown cow. This would of course
provide for summer as well as for winter feeding.
In feeding succulent foods probably the best preparation is to mix chaff, cut straw
or cut hay in the proportion of 5 lbs. of one of them or a mixture of all three to 100
ensilage, or pulped roots or a mixture of the two. Probably the best roughage ration
possible of preparation would be cut clover 5 lbs., puli>ed sugar beets 40 lbs., ensilage
60 lbs., mixed every second day in quantities suflacient for 48 hours feed and mixed, if
passible, 6 hours before the first feed is to be fed therefrcton. Mangels are exceedingly
valuable as feed for cows but not equal to sugar beets. Sugar beets it must be remem-
bered, however, cost more per ton to produce. Turnips are not to be recommended for
cows whose milk is to be manufactured into butter or cheese nor for herds from which
cream is to be sold. Corn ensilage is probably about the best that could be provided.
A mixture of good corn and second growth clover is, however, even more to be desired
than pure corn ensilage. Clover ensilage if well made is of very high feeding value
but is generally more difficult to procure of good quality iJiaii the com ensilage where
REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST
57
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
com will grow to a fair state of maturity. Pease and oats cut in tlie milk stage of the
oats will make fair ensilage as will almost any other cereal and legume mixture cut at
the same stage, but such mixtures seem to be rather unsatisfactory and are not com-
monly used.
For concentrates or meal feeds the common farm grains, oats, barley and pease do
very well, particularly for summer feeding. In winter the addition of bran, shorts, oil
meal, gluten, or cottonseed meal has been found to give excellent returns.
The amount to feed should depend upon the possibilities of the cow as a milk pro-
ducer and upon the stage she has reached in the lactation period. Very heavy meal
rations are not as a rule as profitable as those of medium character.
The meal had better be fed along with the roughage.
KEEPING RECORDS.
The effort to interest dairymen in the returns from their individual cows has
been continued, and many farmers seem to be awakening to a knowledge of the fact
that the improvement of the whole herd demands the study of the unit; that is, a close
acquaintance with the expenditure upon the individual cow and the returns from the
Bame.
This can be determined in no other way than by keeping an exact record of the
daily milk yield. A record of the daily food consumption would also be of great use
if it could be kept.
Many farmers who have been keeping such records for some time report very
strongly in favour of this line of work.
As soon as the farmer sets to work to know what his cows are doing by keeping
a record he finds himself much more closely in touch with his business. He sees at
once the effect of better care and better feeding. He notes the great difference in
leturns between the best and the worst cows in his herd and cannot help but determine
to get rid of the poor ones and replace them with good ones. Even the poor cows are
improved because better feeding is almost certain to be tried and quite certainly poor
feeding is responsible for many of our unprofitable dairy cows and even for many un-
profitable dairy herds.
To facilitate the keeping of such records and to help in the building up of dairy-
ing interests in Canada forms similar to the following are supplied on application : —
DAIRY RHLK RECORD.
Herd belonging to . _ (This form supplied free by Live Stock
Post Office Division, Central Experimental
Record for week ending Farm, Ottawa, Ont.)
COWS.
Day.
Time.
Total
for Day.
Sunday
Mornin:^
Evening . . . .
Monday
Morning. . .
Tuesday
Morning . . .
Evening
Wednesday
Morning
Evening
Thursday
Morning
Evening
Friday
Morning
Evening
Saturday
Morning
Evening
Week
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Total
58 EXPERIMEtiTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1906
(Reverse)
Central Experimental Farm.
Wm. Saunders, Director. J. H. Grisdale, Live Stock and Agriculture.
MILK RECORDS.
1. The profitable dairy cow must give over 5,000 pounds of milk each year. To
l<now the value of a cow, her total annual yield of milk must be known. The only
way to know this is to keep a record of her daily milk yield.
2. The form on the other side of this sheet is intended to help progressive dairy
farmers By supplying them with a simple and convenient sheet for the keeping of the
milk records of their individual cows. A study of such records will soon indicate
which cows should go to the butcher. We would be pleased to receive a summary of
your record. If you have no summary forms write us.
3. Such records are being kept by hundreds of successful dairymen to-day. Many
of these men attribute their success to the keeping of such records. Why not give the
thing a trial if you are a dairyman? It will increase your milk product. It will
lighten your labour since your interest will be increased in your work, and ' interest
lightens labour.' It will show you the unprofitable cow the ' boarder.' You cannot get
rid of her too quickly.
4. For weighing the milk a simple spring balance may be secured for from one
to tliree dollars. If your local dealer ciinnot supply you, write the undersigned for par-
ticulars. A small platform scale is fairly convenient, but we find the spring balance
preferable.
5. Many farmers keep records of the amount of food fed to individual cows. If
you would like to do so, sample forms would be sent free on writing J. H. Grisdale,
Agriculturist, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ont.
values of foods for milk froduction.
During the year a number of different bye-products recommended by the manu-
facturers who put them on the market as particularly valuable for milk production.
Lave been given a trial.
Those tried this year upon which we think it advisable to report are : ' Spirit
Grains,' a bye-product from distilleries; 'Meal Seeds,' small grain and more or less
refuse and weed seeds ground together a bye-product from cereal foods factories ; and
' Pea Dust.' another bye-product from cereal foods factories, being the small peas
broken parts, &c., of peas not suitable for sale as prepared peas of some description.
MEAL SEEDS.
Four Shorthorn cows were taken and a record of their work for 11 days previously
is shown. They were fed the same roughage as usual for 17 days longer but in the
place of the usual meal ration of bran 600 lbs., oats 300 lbs., and oil meal 300*lbs. at
the rate of about 8 lbs. per day, they were given an equal amount of ' Meal Seeds.'
The cattle did not like the meal seeds quite so well as the regular meal ration.
The data given below show the estimation in which this bye-product may be held as
a feed for cows in milk. The reader will remember that under even the best con-
ditions cows in milk are likely to fall ofi about 5 per cent in the time occupied by
the experiment.
REPORT OF THE AGRICVLTURIHT 69
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Number of cows under test 4
Average meal ration (bran, oats, oil meal before test) .... 8 lbs.
Average hay ration before test 5 "
Average ensilage and roots ration before test TO "
Average yield of milk per day during 11 days while on
regular meal ration 88%i "
Milk produced by group first day of 11-day period 90 "
Milk produced by group average of last 7 days before feed-
ing ' Meal Seeds '. . . .' 88 "
Average yield of milk per day for 17 days while being fed
' meal seeds ' SOJ "
Average yield of milk per day during first week on ' meal
seeds' 83% "
Average yield of milk per day during last three days on
' meal seeds ' 78i "
Rate of decrease 10%
Normal rate of decrease for period 5%
The above data show a tendency on the part of cows to decrease considerably more
rapidly than they should be doing, due no doubt to their being on a meal ration of
' meal seeds.' We may fairly safely conclude, therefore, that as a sole meal feed for
cows in milk they are not to be very highly recommended. They might, of course, be
fed to som.e profit if mixed with other concentrates so that they made up only a part
of the meal ration.
SPIRIT GRAINS.
Four cows of different breeding were taken and a record of their work for 11 days
previously is shown. They were then fed the same roughage as usual for 17 days, but
in the place of the usual meal ration of bran 600 lbs., oats 300 lbs., and oil meal 300
lbs. at the rate of about 8 lbs. per day, they were given an equal amount of ' spirit
grains.' The cattle liked the ' spirit grains ' quite well, and the results speak for
themselves, it being remembered, of course, that milking cows were likely to fall off
about 5 per cent in time covered by the experiment.
Number of cows under test 4
Average meal ration (bran, oats, oil meal before test) .... 8 lbs.
Average hay ration before test 5 "
Average ensilage and roots before test 60 "
Average yield of milk i>er day for 11 days before feeding
of ' spirit grains ' began 80^ "
Milk yielded by group first day of 11-day period 81^ "
Milk yielded by group average of last 7 days before feed-
ing ' spirit grains ' 79% "
Average yield of milk per day for 17 days while being fed
' spirit grains ' 79| "
Average yield of milk per day during first week on * spirit
grains ' 75% "
Average yield of milk for last 3 days on ' spirit grains ' . . 83 "
Rate of decrease ^%
Normal rate of decrease for period 5%
The above data appear to show a tendency on the part of the cattle to increase in
milk flow while being fed ' spirit grains ' once the effects of the change of feed was
passed. Such a tendency on the part of cows being fed a certain ration is exactly
what indicates a good sort of food being fed. Since the only change made in the
60 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1906
ration was in the substitution of ' spirit grains ' for meal, ' spirit grains was evidently
a. good food.
PEA DUST.
Four cows of different breeding were used in tlie trial. To make a comparison of
* pea dust ' with the regular ration made up of bran G parts, oats 3 parts and oil meal
3 parts possible a record is given of the feed and milk for 11 days immediately pre-
vious to the 17 days during which the regular meal ration was replaced by ' pea dust.'
The ' pea dust ' was not very well liked by the animals and some little difficulty
was experienced in getting them to eat as great a weight of it as they had been eating
of the regular meal mixture. The data given below show the estimation in which this
bye-product may be held as a feed for cows in milk. It will, of course, be remembered
that under favourable conditions cows might be expected to fall ofi about 5 per cent
in the time covered by the experiment.
Number of cows under test 4
Average meal ration (bran, oats, oil meal before test) .... 8 lbs.
Average hay ration before test 5 "
Average ensilage and roots ration before test 60 "
Average yield of milk per day during 11 days while on
regular meal ration 88fii "
Milk produced by group first day of 11-day period 89 J "
Milk produced by group average of last Y days before being
fed ' pea dust ' 87^/7 "
Average yield of milk per day for 17 days while being fed
'pea dust' 84J "
Average yield of milk per day for fii'st week while being fed
'pea dust' 85f^ "
Average yield of milk per day for last 3 days while being
fed ' pea dust ' 85^ "
Rate of decrease 4J%
Normal rate of decrease for period 5%
The above data show that ' pea dust,' in spite of being somewhat unpalatable to
cows is a most excellent ration for milk production. The cows, though not eating
qiiite as much of the ' pea dust ' as of the regular meal, did quite as well when fed on
' pea dust ' as when on the regular meal mixture.
FEEDING REFUSE APPLES TO DAIRY COWS.
Another test has been made of the value of apples as a food for milk production.
Apples were fed at the rate of 22 lbs. per day during 4 weeks, with the result that there
was a slight increase in the rate of milk production as compared with a considerable
decrease when apples were not fed. The following table gives all data of the ex-
periment : —
REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST
61
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
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62 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
BEEF PEODTJCTION.
EXPERIMENTS EN 1903-4.
The lines of experiment followed in the winter of 1903-4 were: — Influence of age
on cost of beef; influence of manner of housing, i.e., feeding loose vs. feeding tied;
baby beef; values of feeds.
The steer feeding operations may be considered successful from a financial point
of view since the selling price covered the cost of the steers, the cost of the feed at
market prices, and left a good margin for profit. Eull particulars are given in the
group reports.
Of course it must always be remembered in reading the reports that the cost of
caring for and feeding the steers is not included in the estimate of the cost of produc-
tion. There is not the least doubt but that where feeding OT>erations are conducted in
such a manner as to require a reasonable amount of labour for the number of animals
fed the manure is of a value quite equal to the cost of the labour.
In our beef feeding operations here high values are put on hay, straw ensilage and
roots, while the market prices are charged for meal of all kinds. If only cost of pro-
duction were charged for the straw, hay, roots, ensilage and such meal as is produced
on the farm a very much higher margin of profit could be shown and there would still
be saved the cost of marketing, a no small item for roots, hay and straw>, to say noth-
ing of ensilage. Further, by beef feeding operations where it is not convenient or not
desired to keep dairy cattle on the farm much valuable fertilizing material is kept on
the farm that would otherwise have been lost, hence the feeder should be satisfied with
somewhat smaller returns than might be expected from the sale of the raw material.
SHORT FEED \'S. LONG FEED.
ISTot infrequently the feeder when starting his operations in the fall is uncertain
as to whether he should try to fit for an early or a late market. Generally speaking it
may be said that steers rushed for an early market put on gains considerably more
cheaply than those fed for a longer time. Further, steers fed for a short period are
likely to consume relatively more roughage in comparison with the necessary meal than
are those fed for a long period. To illustrate the two points made, lot A (discussed
below) fed for 127 days cost $6.76 to lay on 100 lbs. of increase in live weight and
consumed only 4,937 lbs. of meal along with 68,328 lbs. roots and ensilage about 1 of
meal to 14 of roots and ensilage, while lot B, fed for 202 days consumed 10,35SJ lbs.
meal along with only 91,558 lbs. ensilage and roots or about 1 of meal to 9 of roots and
ensilage. The rates of gain as will be seen below were practically the same.
Lot 'A ' — Short Feed Steers.
Number of steers in lot 9
First weight, gross, Nov. 12, 1904 . 10,880 lbs.
First weight, average 1,209 "
Finished weight, gross, Mar. 21, 1905 12,995 "
Finished weight, average 1,444 "
Total gain in 127 days 2,115 "
Average gain per steer 235 "
Daily gain for lot, 9 steers 10-65 "
Daily gain per steer 1 -85 "
Gross cost of feed •$ 143 J 5
Cost of 100 lbs. gain 6 76
Cost of steers, 10,880 lbs. at $4 per 100 lbs 435 20
Total cost to produce beef 578 35
Sold, 12,995 lbs. at $5 per 100 lbs., less 4 per cent. ... 623 80
Profit on lot 45 45
REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST
63
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Net profit per steer $ 5 05
Average buying price per steer 48 35
Average selling price per steer 69 30
Average increase in value 20 95
Average cost of feed for steer 15 90
Amount of meal eaten by lot of 9 steers 4,937 lbs.
Amount of ensilage and roots 68,328
Amount of hay 7,092
Amount of straw eaten 252
Lot ' B ' — Long Feed Steers.
Number of steers in lot 9
First weight, gross, Nov. 12, 1904. . . 9,380 lbs.
First weight, average 1,042
Finished weight, gross 12,720
Finished weight, average, June 2, 1905 1,413
Total gain in 202 days 3,340
Average gain per steer 371
Daily gain per steer 1-83
Daily gain for lot, 9 steers 16-53
Gross cost of feed $ 246 74
Cost of 100 lbs. gain 7 38
Cost of steers, 9,380 lbs. at $4 per 100 lbs 375 20
Total cost to produce beef 621 *94
Sold, 12,720 lbs. at $6 per 100 lbs., less 4 per cent. . . . 732 72
Profit on lot 110 78
Net profit per steer 12 31
Average buying price per steer 41 69
Average selling price per steer 81 49
Average increase in value 39 80
Average cost of feed for steer 27 41
Amount of meal eaten by lot of 9 steers 10,356^ lbs.
Amnnnt of ensilage and roots 91,558 "
Amount of hay 14,656 "
Amount of straw eaten 126 "
INFLUENCE OF AGE ON COST OF BEEF.
Cost of producing beef with three-year olds, two-year olds, yearlings and calves.
Since in connection with other work in steer feeding an opportunity occurred to
give the influence of age on cost of bsef production another trial, it was done, and
reported on below in detail.
A study shows the following peculiarities revealed : —
Ages.
Daily Gain.
Cost 100 lbs.
Gain.
Three-year-olds
Two-year-olds
Yearlings
Skim milk calves, new born under 8 months .
Lbs.
S cts
1-65
6 52
2-16
5 99
200
4 30
1-54
3 40
61 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Lot ' C '—(Three-year Olds).
Number of steers in lot 9
First weight, gross 10,875 lbs.
First weight, average 1,208 "
Finished weight, gross 12,760 "
Finished weight, average 1,418 "
Total gain in 127 days 1,895 "
Average gain per steer 210 "
Daily gain for lot, 9 steers 14.88 "
Daily gain per steer 1.65 "
Gross cost of feed $123 61
Cost of 100 lbs. gain 6 52
Cost of steers, 10,875 lbs. at 4c. per 100 lbs 434 00
Total cost to produce beef 557 61
Sold, 13,035 lbs. at $5 per 100 lbs., less 4 per cent 625 70
Profit on lot 68 09
Net profit per steer 7 55
Average buying price per steer 48 22
Average selling price per steer 69 52
Average increase in value 21 30
Average cost of feed for steer 13 73
Amount of meal eaten by lot of 9 steers 3,318 lbs.
Amount of ensilage and roots 67,536 "
Amount of hay 6,930 "
Amount of straw eaten 252 "
Lot ' D ' — Two-year-olds.
Number of steers in lot 7
First weight, gross 7,490 lbs.
First weight, average 1,070 "
Finished weight, gross 9,415 "
Finished weight, average 1,345 "
Total gain in 127 days 1,925 "
Average gain per steer 275 "
Daily gain for lot, 7 steers 15 -15 "
Daily gain per steer 2 '16 "
Gross cost of feed $ 109 51
Cost of 100 lbs. gain 5 99
Cost of steers, 7,490 lbs. at $4 per 100 lbs 299 60
Total cost to produce beef 409 11
Sold, 9,415 lbs. at $5 per 100 lbs., less 4 per cent 451 95
Profit on lot 42 84
Net profit per steer 6 12
Average buying price per steer 42 80
Average selling price per steer ' 64 76
Average increase in value 21 96
Average cost of feed for steer 15 64
Amount of meal eaten by lot of 7 steers 2,635 lbs.
Amount of ensilage and roots 50,116 "
Amount of hay 9,443 "
Lot ' E' — Steers over 8 Months Old.
Number of steers in lot 6
First weight, gross 2,900 lbs.
REPORT OF TEE AGRICULTURIST m
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
First weight, average 483 lbs.
Finished weight, gross 5,220 "
Finished weight, average 870 "
Total gain in 193 days 2,320 "
Average gain per steer • 387 "
Daily gain for lot, 6 steers 12 "
Daily gain per steer 2 "
Gross cost of feed. Dec. 1, 1904, to June 12, 1905. ... $ 99 76
Cost of 100 lbs. gain, Dec. 1, 1904, to June 12, 1905 4 30
Average cost of feed for steer, Dec. 1, 1904, to June 12,
1005 f 16 63
Amount of meal eaten by lot of 6 steers 4,682 lbs.
Amount of ensilage and roots .'. . . 33,910 "
Amount of hay 5,388 "
Meal consumed consisted of: Oats, 1,509 lbs.; oil meal, 984 lbs.; bran, 1,785 lbs.;
corn, 276 lbs.; shorts, 138 lbs.
Lot ' F' — Steers under 8 Months Old.
Number of steers in lot 5
First weight, gross. May 12, 1905 795 lbs.
First weight, average 159 "
Finished weight, gross, Dec. 1, 1905 2,345 "
■Finished weight, average 469 •'
Total gain in 201 days 1,550 "
Average gain per steer 310 "
Daily gain for lot, 5 steers 7 '71 "
Daily gain per steer 1"54 "
Gross cost of feed $ 52 70
Cost of 100 lbs. gain 3 40
Average cost of feed for steer 10 54
Amount of meal eaten by lot of 5 steers 2,210 lbs.
Amount of ensilage and roots 6,790 "
Amount of hay 2,055 "
Amount of skim milk 11,350 "
EXPEEIMENTS WITH BABY BEEF.
The > experiments to determine the cost of producing beef at an early age have
been continued and are reported upon below.
BEEF FROM STEERS AT 2 YEARS OLD.
The first reports submitted in this line are those that have to do with calves
dropped in April, 1903. These reports speak for themselves.
Lot ' G ' — Limited Growing Ration Steers, Dropped in 1903.
Number of steers in lot 5
First weight, gross, Dec. 1, 1904 3,690 lbs.
First weight, average 738 "
Finished weight, gross, June 20, 1905 5,200 "
16—5
:66 EXPERIMENTAL FAEM8
5-6 EDWARD VI!., A. 1906
Finished weight, average 1,040 lbs.
Total gain in 207 days 1,510 "
Average gain per steer 302
Daily gain for lot, 5 steers 7-20 "
Daily gain per steer 1 -iG "
Gross cost of feed $ 94 S9
Cost of 100 lbs. gain 6 28
Average cost of feed per steer for 207 days 18 98
Amount of meal eaten by lot of 5 steers 2,782 lbs.
Amount of ensilage and roots 45,139 "
' Amount of hay 5,354 "
Amount of straw eaten 1,181 "
Meal consumed consisted of: Oats, 262 lbs.; corn, 840 lbs.; oil meal, 560 lbs.;
bran, 350 lbs. ; shorts, 455 lbs. ; mixed crop, 315 lbs.
Lot 'U' — Full Faitening Ration, Dropped April, 1903.
Number of steers in lot 5
First weight, gross, Dec. 1, 1904 4,950 lbs.
First weight, average 990 "
Finished weight, gross, Mar. 20, 1905 5,865 "
Finished weight, average 1,173 "
Total gain in 110 days 915 "
Average gain per steer 183 "
Daily gain for lot, 5 steers 8-30 "
Daily gain per steer 1 '66 "
Gross cost of feed, Dec. 1, 1904 to Mar. 20, 1905 $ 66 64
Cost of 100 lbs. gain 7 28
Average cost of feed for steer 19 73
Amount of meal eaten by lot of 5 steers 5,444 lbs.
Amount of ensilage and roots 36,973 "
Amount of hay 5,130 "
Amount of straw eaten 481 "
Meal consumed consisted of : Oats, 272 lbs. ; oil meal, 1,648 lbs. ; bran, 2,029 lbs. ;
shorts, 522 lbs. ; mixed meal, 514 lbs. ; corn, 459 lbs.
Lot 'I' — Full Fattening Ration, Dropped April, 1903.
Number of steers in lot 5
First weight, gross. May 1, 1903. . .• 565 lbs.
First weight, average 113 "
Finished weight, gross . . . . 7 6,480 "
Finished weight, average 1,296 "
Total gain in 766 days 5,915 "
Average gain per steer 1,083 "
Daily gain for lot, 5 steers 7-72 "
Daily gain per steer 1-54 "
Gross cost of feed $ 285 91
° Cost of TOO lbs. gain 4 83
Cost of steers 25 00
Total cost to produce beef $25 + $285.91 310 91
Sold, 6,480 lbs. at $6 per 100 lbs., less 4 per cent. ... 373 26
Profit on lot 62 35
REPORT OF TEE AGRICULTVRIST 67
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
Net profit per steer $12 47
Average buying price per steer 5 90
Average selling price per steer 74 65
Average increase in value 69 65
Average cost of feed for steer 57 18
Amount of meal eaten by lot of 5 steers 11,585 lbs.
Amount of ensilage and roots 81,805 "
Amount of hay 8,800 "
Amount of straw eaten 2,021 "
Amount of siigar beet pulp (dried) 378 "
Green feed (soiling crops) 9,408 '"
Amount of skim milk 6,775 "
On pasture (lot) 1 Mo.
Meal consumed consisted of : Oats, 3,033 lbs. ; bran, 3,416 lbs. ; oil meal, 2,875
lbs.; shorts, 635 lbs.; gluten, 644 lbs.; corn, 459 lbs.; mixed meal (oats, pease, barley
and wheat), 514 lbs.
Lot 'J' — Limited Growing Ration Steers, Dropped in 1903.
Number of steers in lot 5
First weight, gross 500 lbs.
First weight, average 100 "
Finished weight, gross 5,200 "
Finished weight, average 1,040 ''
Total gain in 786 days 4,700 "
Average gain per steer 940 "
Daily gain for lot, 5 steers 5*95 "
Daily gain per steer 1-19 "
Gross cost of feed $ 205 17
Cost of 100 lbs. gain 4 37
Cost of steers 25 00
Total cost to produce beef, $187.17 + $25 230 17
Sold, 5,200 lbs. at $5.50 per 100 lbs., less 4 per cent 274 58
Profit on lot 44 39
Net profit per steer 8 89
Average buying price per steer 5 00
Average selling price per steer 54 91
Average increase in value 49 91
Average cost of feed for steer 37 43
Amoimt of meal eaten by lot of 5 steers 5,122 lbs.
Amount of ensilage and roots 90,285 "
Amount of hay 8,931 "
Amount of straw eaten 2,371
Pasture (50 cents per month) 30 Mos.
Soiling crop 15,430 lbs.
BEEF FROM STEERS AT 13i MONTHS. STEERS DROPPED APRIL, 1904.
The heavily fed lot of the 2 lots put on experiment May 1, 1904, were in such good
shape in June, 19C5. that it was decided to sell them, as $5.50 per 100 lbs. live weight
was offered. Reports follow.. The beef from these steers was exceedingly tender, very
fat, and of excellent flavour,
r 16— 5J
68 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Lot ' K' — {Limited Growing Ration Steers; Dropped April, lOOIi).
Number of steers in lot G
First weight, gross 2,530 lbs.
First weight, average 422 "
Weight on going to grass. May 18, 1905 4,020 "
Average weight, May 18, 1905 670 "
Total gain in 169 days 1,490 ''
Average gain per steer 248 "
Daily gain for lot, 6 steers 8 . 82 "
Daily gain per steer 1.47 '"
Grcss cost of feed, Dec. 1, 1904, to May 18, 1905 $58 66
Cost of 100 lbs. gain 3 95
Average cost of feed for steer 9 77
Amount of meal eaten by lot of 6 steers 1,478 lbs.
Amount of ensilage and roots 32,040 ''
Amount of hay 2,574 "
Amount of straw eaten 1,684 '•
Meal consumed consisted of: Oats, 467 lbs.; oil meal, 408 lbs.; bran, 603 lbs.
Lot 'L! — Full Fattening Ration Steers, Dropped April, WOJf..
Number of steers in lot 6
First weight, gross, Dec, 1904 2,900 lbs.
First weight, average 483
Finished weight, gross 5,220
Finished weight, average 870
Total gain in 193 days 2,320
Average gain per steer 387
Daily gain for lot, 6 steers 12
Daily gain per steer 2
Gross cost of feed, Dec. 1, 1904, to June 12, 1905. ... $99 76
Cost of 100 lbs. gain, Dec. 1, 1904, to June 12, 1905. . 4 30
Average cost of feed for steer, Dec. 1, 1904, to June 12,
1905 16 63
Amount of meal eaten by lot of 6 steers 4,682 lbs.
Amount of ensilage and roets 33,910
Amount of hay 5,388
Amount of meal consumed consisted of : Oats, 1,509 lbs. ; oil meal, 974 lbs. ; bran,
1,785 lbs.; corn, 276 lbs.; shorts, 138 lbs.
Lot ' J/ ' — Full Fattening Ration Steers, Dropped April, IQOIf.
Number of steers in lot 6
First weight, gross, May 1, 1904 740 lbs.
First weight, average 123
Finished weight, gross 5,220
Finished weight, average 870
Total gain in 407 days 4,480 "
Average gain per steer 746
Daily gain for lot, 6 steers 11-00
Daily gain per steer 1 "83
Gross cost of feed, Dec. 1, 1904, to June 12, 1905. ... $ 99 76
REPORT OF TEE AGRICULTURIST 69
SESSIONAL PAPER IMc. 16
Cost of 100 lbs. gain, Dec. 1, 190i, to June 12, 1905. ... $4 30
Cost of steers up to Dec 1, lOO^^Feed, $59.83; buying
price, $30 89 83
Cost of lOO lbs. gain— May 1, 1901, to Nov. 30, 1904 2 77
Total cost of steers at 407 days or 13J months old. . 189 59
Sold, 5,220 lbs. at $5.50 per 100 lbs., less 4 per cent 275 66
Profit on lot 86 07
Xet profit per steer 14 34
Average value of steer at birth. . * 5 00
Average selling price per steer 45 94
Average increase in value, allowing $5 as value of calf
when dropped 40 94
Average cost of feed for steer 26 59
Amount of meal eaten by lot of 6 steers in 407 days. . 6,707 lbs.
Amount of ensilage and roots 43,150 "
Amout of hay 6,900 "
Amount of green feed, clover, mixed crop cut green,
rape, &e 9,408 "
Meal consumed consisted of: Oats, 2,289 lbs.; oil meal, 1,145 lbs.; bran, 2,523
lbs.; corn, 276 lbs.; shorts, 138 lbs.; barley meal, 336 lbs.
Lot ' N' — Limited Growing Ration Steers, Dropped April, 190Jf.
Number of steers in lot 6
First weight, gross 490 lbs.
First weight, average 81 "
Total weight May 18, 1905. 4,020 •'
Average weight. May 18, 1905 670 "
Total gain in 3S3 days 3,530 "
Average gain per steer 588 "
Daily gain for lot, 6 steers 9 '18 "
Daily gain per steer 1 -53 "
Gross cost of feed, Dec. 1, 1904, to May 18, 1905. ... $ 58 66
Cost of 100 lbs! gain, Dec. 1, 1904, to May 18, 1905. ... 3 95
Cost of steers up to Dec. 1, 1904 — Feed, $57.90; buying ,
price, $30 87 90'
Cost of 100 lbs. gain. May 1, 1904, to Nov. 30, 1904. ... 2 83
Total cost of steers at 383 days or 12| mos. old 146 56
Value of steers May 18, 1905, going on grass 4,020 lbs.
at 3i 140 70
Loss on lot 5 86
Net loss per steer 0 97
Average buying price per steer 5 00
Average value of steer at 12§ mos. old 23 45
Average increase in value, allowing f5 value of calf
when dropped IS 45
Average cost of feed for steer 19 43
Amount of meal eaten by lot of 6 steers 3,350 lbs.
Amount of ensilage and roots 42,882 "
Amount of hay 4,173 "
Amount of straw eaten 1,684 "
Amount of green feed, clover, mixed crop cut green,
rape, &c 7,266 "
Meal consumed consisted of: Oats, 1,247 lbs.; oil meal, 504 lbs.; barley, 273 lbs.;
bran, 1,332 lbs.
70 EXPERIMENTAL i ARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
CALVES DROPPED APRIL, 1905.
These lots have not done quite so well as those dropped in 1904, but will, it is
evident make excellent animals when 6 months older.
Lot ' 0 ' — Limited Growing Ration, Dropped 1905.
Number of steers in lot 5
First weight, gross, May 12, 1905. . *. 490 lbs.
First weight, average 98 "
Finished weight, gross, Dec. 1, 1905 1,800 "
Finished weight, average 360 "
Total gain in 201 days 1,310 "
Average gain per steer 262 "
Daily gain for lot, 5 steers 6-53 "
Daily gain per steer 1 '30 "
Gross cost of feed $ 46 97
Ccst of 100 lbs. gain 3 58
Average cost of feed for stc^r 9 39
Amount of meal eaten by lot of 5 steers 2,050 lbs.
Amount of ensilage and roots 5,720 "
Amount of hay 1,582 "
Amount of skim milk 10,825 "
Meal consumed consisted of: Oats, 733 lbs.; bran, 907 lbs.; barley, 228 lbs.; Gluten,
182 lbs.
Lot ' P' — Full Fattening Ration, Dropped 1905,
Number of .steers in lot 5
First weight, gross. May 12, 1905 795 lbs.
First weight, average 159 "
Finished weight, gross, Dec. 1, 1905 2,345 "
Finished weight, average 469 "
-Total gain in 201 days 1,550 "
Average gain per steer 310 "
Daily gain for lot, 5 steers 7-71 "
Daily gain per steer 1 "54 "
Gross cost of feed $ 52 70
Cost of 100 lbs. gain 3 40
Average cost of feed for steer 10 54
Amount of meal eaten by lot of 5 steers 2,210 "
Amount of ensilage and roots 6.790 "
Amount of hay 2,055 "
Amount of skim milk 11,350 "
Meal consumed consistetl of : Oats, 840| lbs. ; bran, 960 lbs. ; and barley, 175 lbs.
SWINE FEEDING.
I have to report a rather unsuccessful year with swine. The rather poor showing
made is due to various causes chief among them being the frequent change of men.
The regular feeder was called away several times for considerable periods and it was not
REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 71
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
always possible to replace him wi-th a man who could do the work satisfactorily, and
very considerable losses were suffered.
The experiment with the small pig farm is being continued and will be reported
upon more fully at a later date. A report of the crops grown on this area will be found
on page 84.
EXPERIMENTS,
A number of swine are constantly being fed in an experimental way. The work
done this year was along the lines of (1) economy of production, (2) type of pig as
influenced by feed and environment or conditions tmder which they were fed.
Five lots of 5 pigs each were fed as follows : —
Lot 1. Meal, Alfalfa pasture.
Lot 2. Meal, clover pasture.
Lot 3. Meal, root pasture.
Lot .4. Meal no supplementary food in pens.
Lot 5. Meal, roots fed in pens.
Eeports of the different lots follow. All pigs were fed on the same meal mixture
shorts, 500 lbs. ; oil meal, 30 lbs. ; gluten, 10 lbs.
Lot 1 — Alfalfa Pasture.
No. of pigs in lot 5
Weight to start Sept. 10, 1005 529 lbs.
Average weight to start 106
Weight to finish Oct. 15, 1905 T75 "
Average weight to finish 155
Total gain in 35 days 246 "
Average gain per pig in period of 35 days 49
Daily rate of gain 1-4
Food consumed in addition to pasture, meal 1,002 "
Cost of food $ 9 02
Cost of 100 lbs. gain 3 67
The pigs had about i acre of alfalfa.
Good effect on form and health of animals.
Lot 2 — Red Clover Pasture.
No. of pigs in lot 5
Weight to start, Sept. 10, 1905 455 lbs.
Average weight to start 91 "
Weight to finish Oct. 15, 1905 716 "
Average weight to finish 143 "
Average gain per pig in 35 days 32 "
Total gain in 35 days 259 "
Daily rate of gain 1 '5 "
Food consumed in addition to pasture, meal 1,012 "
Value of food apart from pasture $9 10
Cost of 100 lbs. gain, pasture neglected 3 52
The pigs had about ^ acre of clover.
Good effect on form and health of animals.
72 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. i90f
Lot 3 — Hoot Pasture.
Mangels, Bngar mangels, sugar beets, carrots and turnii^s.
No. of pigs in lot -. 5
Weio-ht to start Sept. 10, 1905 509 lbs.
Average weight to start 102 ''
Weight to finish Oct. 15, 1905 745 "
Average weight to finish 149 "
Total gain in 35 days 230 "
Average gain per pig in 35 days 47 "
Daily rate of gain 1.31 "
Food consumed in addition to pasture ^. . . 1,002 "
Value of food apart from pasture $9 02
Cost of 100 lbs. gain, pasture neglected 3 82
Pigs ate roots of all kinds but turnips quite greedily, following them down quite
deep into the ground in the case of sugar beets and carrots. In the 35 days they ate
the roots off an area of Y7 feet long and 40 feet wide. This system of feeding has a
tendency to develop the paunch and must be used with caution.
Lot J{. — No Faslure — {Fed in Fens).
No. of pigs in lot 5
Weight to start Sept. 10, 1905 248 lbs.
Average weight to start 50 "
Weight to finish Oct. 15, 1905 501 "
Average weight to finish 100 "
Total gain in 35 days 253 "
Average gain per pig 50?- "
Daily rate of gain 1.45 "
Food consumed, meal 1,202 "
Value of food $10 81
Cost of 100 lbs. gain 4 23
This method of feeding seemed to have a tendency to make rather short flabby
pigs.
Lot 5 — Boots and Meal (Fed inside).
No. of pigs in lot 5
Weight to start Sept. 10, 1905 262 lbs.
Average weight to start. 52 "
Weight to finish Oct. 15, 1905 570 "
Average weight to finish 114 "
Total gain in 35 days 308 "
Average gain per pig 611 "
Daily rate of gain 1 "77 "
Amount of meal consumed 1,002 "
Value of meal $ 9 02
Cost of 100 lbs. gain meal alone 2 93
Root^ consumed 483 lbs.
Value of roots 0-49
Total cost to produce pork $ 10 51
Cost 100 lbs. gain meal and roots 3 09
This method of feeding had a good effect on the form of the animals making them
come as near the ideal bacon type as could be desired.
PASTURING PIGS ON RIPE PEAS.
An acre of peas on the hog rotation were allowed to ripen and pigs turned out to
pasture on them. The returns in pork were not satisfactory but the effect of the exer-
EFFORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST
73
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
cise and the pease together was wonderfully beneficial so far as form of pigs was con-
cerned and so far as fitting them for finishing off for the packer when brought into the
pens.
UTILIZATION OF FEED.
An examination into the supply of feed produced on the ' 200 acre Farm/ the ex-
perimental plots of roots and corn, and the meal or grain piirchased for use in the
bams, together with a detailed statement of the disposal thereof, and a statement of
the kinds of grain and meal consumed from July 1, 1904 to June 30, 19C5, f ollovrs : —
Summary of Feed of all kinds used for Stock on 200 acre Farm from July 1, 1904 to
June 30, 1905.
Grown on 200 acre farm, crop of 190-1
Received from Cereal Division .
Received from Distribution Division (small grain)
Purchased ,
Total supplied during year
Consumed during year
On hand Jime 30, 1905. . .
Straw.
lbs.
1()8.G.35
10,000
130^055
309.290
294,511
4,000
Grain or
Meal.
lbs.
92,197
9,519
8,671
383,709
494,090
435,559
58,537
Roots and
Ensilage.
lbs.
1,364,030
307,384
1,07!,414
1,116,123
100,000
Hay.
lbs.
376,387
22,330
398,717
342,471
5,000
Disposition of Feed harvested on, and bought for use of Live Stock on 200 Acre Farm.
19 Horses
73 Steers
44 Milch cows
48 Young stock and bulls
70 Sheep
200 Swine
Supplied to Poiiltrjr division
II II Veterinary laboratory ,
Loss by experimental curing ,
Total accounted for .
Amount harvested and received
On hand June 30, 1905.
Shrinkage or loss . . . .
Hay.
lbs.
138,
79,
46,
37,
19,
700
721
755
702
458
,5.35
600
342,471
308,717
5,000
51,246
Grain and
Meal.
lbs.
126,«41
59,185
66,343
36,554
9,458
129,135
24,792
3,551
435,559
494,096
58,537
Corn and
Roots.
lbs.
20,500
358,356
375,884
298,981
12,000
15,905
5,827
3,070
25,000
1,116,123
1,671,414
100,C.OO
455,291
Straw.
lbs.
36,500
95,743
46,153
5(»,921
11,6.50
40,500
13,044
294,511
309,290
4,000
10,779
The meal consumed consisted of: — Lbs.
Oats 171,936
Barley 19,303
Bran 96,600
Shorts 65,000
Oil meal 35,100
Various feeds •• 47,5G0
Total 435,559
74
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
LIVE STOCK INVENTORIES.
Horses
Shorlha-cns —
Vme breds (17) and grades (4).
Guernseys —
Pure breds (15) and grades (6).
Ayrshires —
Pure breds (20) and grades (5).
Canadians^
Pure breds (10) and grades (4).
Steers
Sheep -
Swine
July 1, 1904.
Number
on
hand.
Value.
S cts.
JcxE 30, 1905.
Number
handled
during
year.
3,495 COi
2,040 Ooi
28 2,5G0 00
10[ 1,075 00
22; 440 00
60 1,020 00
2,090 00
Total
25
23
29
15
73
70
200
12,720 00
454
Number
on
hand.
19
21
21
25
14
IC
Value.
S cts.
4,510 00
2,5.30 00
2,800 00
1,6.50 00
300 00
Returns
of all
descrip-
tions.
49: 1,170 00
117 2,255 CO! 1,316 07
S cts.
3,458 40
95G 43
898 67
918 66
445 09
1,787 90
115 08
Gross Re-
turns, made
up of
increase in
value, value
of pioducts
and value of
animals
sold.
8 cts.
3,458 40
1,971 43
1,388 67
1,158 66
1,020 09
1,647 90
265 08
1,481 07
282- 15,215 col 9,896 30
12,391 30
SUMMAEY OF LIVE STOCK OPERATIONS.
RETURNS.
Gross returns from animals of all classes, including
value of products, values of services and increase
in value of young stock $12,391 30
Manure, 1,200 tons 1,200 00
Total $13^5917^0
F.XPEXDITURE.
Value of Food Consumed.
Meal $4,355 59
Hay 1,198 86
Roots and ensilage 1,116 12
Whole milk, 18,000 lbs ISO 00
Skim-millv, 200,000 lbs 300 00
Straw, 147 tons at $4 per ton 588 00
Cost of labour in connection with care of horses,
cattle, sheep and swine : —
Herdsman $ 700 00
Two men at $450 1,080 00
Three men at $504 1,512 00
Extra help, teaming, (fce 415 02
~$3,707 02
3,707 02^
$11,445 59
Balance 2,145 71
SUMMARY OF FARMING AND LIVE. STOCK OPERATIONS ON ' 200-ACRE
FARM,' 1905.
RETURNS.
Total value of return from fields $ 5,590 08
Total value of returns from live stock 13.591 30
Total returns ."$197l81 38
$19,181 38
REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 75
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
EXPEXDITURE.
Total cost of field operations (see page 90).$ 3,858 18
Total cost of live stock operations (see page
74) 11,445 59
Total expenditure $15,303 77
■ $15,303 77
Balance 3,877 Gl
CROPS.
I liave to report a fairly successful year for all kinds of crops grown. The season
was peculiarly favourable for hay and pasture. It was, however, rather difficult to
cure the hay properly hence the quality is not quite so good as might be desired. The
kinds of hay grown this year were timothy, mixed timothy and red clover, red clover
and alfalfa, red clover and orchard grass. The red clover fields and the field of
alfalfa and orchard grass were cut twice. Some of the fields of red clover gave about
5^ tons per acre of cured hay in two cuttings. The pasture, a field of 14 acres, was
able to carry an equivalent of 30 cows for five months. During about half that period
they were being fed some green feed or ensilage as well as a small meal ration, in
addition to the pasture.
The only cereal sown was oats. The variety grown was the Banner. Where soil
conditions were favourable the returns were fairly good, some fields going as high as
GQ^ bushels per acre. The quality was for the most part very good. The crop of
straw was rather heavy in comparison with the grain, due to the rather damp season.
On the black muck areas weeds came so thickly as to necessitate cutting certain
parts while yet green. The mixture of grass, oats and weeds so cut was fed to the
cattle. This of course had the effect of lowering average yield per acre as the crop-
less areas had to be counted in when estimating average yields per acre.
The grass, clover and alfalfa seeds sown on the different fields came up well, and
did exceedingly well all summer and till late in the fall, making a fine promise for
good crops of hay next year.
Corn was a very heavy crop this year. Some fields yielded an average of over
20 tons per acre, although about 20 per cent of the crop was a small growing variety,
Longfellow.
The varieties grown were Longfellow, Selected Leaming, and Early Mastodon.
Longfellow was almost ripe when cut about September 20, Selected Leaming was
glazing or in the dough stage, and the Early Mastodon was in about the same condi-
tion. The average yield from 40 acres was about 18 tons per acre, large and small
varieties all taken together. The quality of the ensilage produced is very excellent,
showing a very high percentage of dry matter. One sample taken from silage made
from Early Mastodon was found by Mr. Shutt, our chemist, to contain about 26 per
cent of dry matter. The silage from the Selected Leaming and Longfellow is no
doubt even richer in food content.
As will be seen by a glance at the reports below the cost to produce the crops was
very high per acre. On account of the high yield, however, the cost per ton in the
silo is comparatively low.
Mangels, sugar mangels, sugar beets, carrots, swedes, white turnips, yellow Aber-
deens, kohl rabi, cabbage, 1,000 headed kale and rape were all grown in greater 'or
lesser quantities.
On account of the wet season the cost to grow an acre of roots was very great.
The yield was high, however, so the cost of roots per ton was not unusually high.
Mange"'s are found to be the most satisfactory root to grow on this land. Sugar
mangels, while not yielding as good a crop per acre, supply a peculiarly good feed for
cattle and are grown in moderate quantities for that reason. Sugar beets yielded
very well this year. They are particularly valuable as feed for swine. Kohl rabi are
very welcome to sheep. The 1,000 headed kale is also relished by sheep, and is prob-
ably superior to rape as a fall feed. Cabbages were fed to sheep.
76
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 190:
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REPORT OF TEE AGRICULTURIST 77
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
The variety of crops g-owu and the varying areas under each crop each year
make it quite difficult to make a comparison of the returns of the different years, so
to simplify matters I would suggest that a fixed valuation be put upon the products,
and the returns of each year valued accordingly.
Fixing prices as follows: Grain, $1 per hundred lbs.; roots and ensilage $2 per
ton; hay $7 per ton; summ.ering cattle, $3 per season; and an area used as pasture
for pigs, $15 per acre ; the returns from the ' 200-acre farm ' for the years mentioned
may be said to have been worth $2,776.66 in 1899; $4,110.21 in 1900; $4,434.72 in
1901; $4,787.14 in 1902; $4,148.19 in 1903; $4,741.09 in 1904; $5,714.32 in 1905.
EOTATION EXPERIMENT.
The experiment to determine the efi^ects of different rotations is being followed
np and over tlie detailed report of the labour on each plot, and the returns therefrom
will be found some brief notes on each field and on the rotation as a whole.
The rotations are as follows : —
Rotation A. — Five years, clover hay, Timothy hay, grain, corn, grain.
Rotation B. — Five years, clover hay, grain, clover hay, corn, grain.
Rotation E. — Three years, pastaire, corn, grain.
Rotation Z. — Three years, clover hay, corn, grain.
Rotation S. — Four years, shallow ploughing, clover hay, timothy hay, roots,
grain.
Rotation D. — Four years, deep ploughing, clover hay, tim.othy hay, roots, grain.
Rotation H. — Thre? years, hog pasture, roots, grain or soiling crop.
Rotation T. — Four years, sheep pasture, roots and soiling crop, gi-ain, clover hay.
Rotation II. — Six years, grain, grain, clover hay, timothy hay for three years.
Rotation N. — Six years, grain, grain, timothy hay for four years.
Rotation O. — Three years, grain, timothy hay, timothy hay.
Rotation P. — Three years, grain, clover hay, tim.othy hay.
In the descriptions of the rotations and fields that follow, an effort is made to
■give as concisely as possible the location, of each field, its size, tlie character of its
soil, its drainage and its general crop history.
In the tables will be found all items of expenditure. The manure is applied in the-
same ratio to each field in each rotation. To illustrate : if to the corn land in rotation
* Z,' 15 tons of manure per acre are applied ; this equivalent to 5 tons per acre per
annum, as Z, is a three-year rotation. 'Fhen in applying manure to M, 30 tons per
£!cre would be applied, as M is a six-year rotation. Since the manure must vary
plio-htly in quantity each year, $3 per annum per acre is charged in each rotation.
COMPARATIVE VALUES OF ROTATION ON STOCK FARMS.
Supposing the average animal of the bovine species to consume 2,000 lbs. hjiy,
1,500 lbs. meal, 16,000 lbs. roots and ensilage and S,000 libs, of straw per annum, which
valued at prices given above would amount to $37, a rough idea of the relative value
of the different rotations for stockmen may be arrived at.
78
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A, 1905
ROTATION
Location.
Description f soil.
0
<
'i
<
Crop.
Crop.
Lot.
02
0
>-.
1
o
1-3
>^
>>
O
'0
0
CS
s
>
>-5
B
ci
CI,
cS
s
(2
CO
5
.£ *■'
0
Al
W.S. 3
L.S. 1
A.S. 14 ...
WP.G.S. 1
F.S. 1
F.S. 3
P.C.
so
30
10
p. c.
45
65
15
20
35
p. c.
P.O.
p. c.
25
'i5
15
p C.
p. c.
Ac.
9-96
8-90
10-20
915
9-63
1004.
Hay
Oats
1905.
Oats
Hay
Corn
Hay
Oats
S cts.
59 76
53 40
61 20
54 90
57 78
$ cts
16 8fi
A2
A3 .
5
20
10
30
"26
10
10
"26
11 57
16 87
- {
A5 ... .
Com
11 89
15 76
Aggregate
47-84
287 04
72 98
5
1
6 00
1 52
ROTATION
B 1
W.S. 4....
L.S. 2
A.S. 15 ....
W.P.G.S. 2
F.S. 2
5
20
20
20
35
70
60
60
30
5
""5
15
30
50
5
"46
5
5
15
5
10 00
8 82
10 20
9 15
9 93
48 10
Oats
Hay'.'.'.'!!
Corn
60 00
52 92
61 20
54 90
59 58
16 90
B 2,
B 3
Hay
Oats
Hay'.'.'.'.' '.'.'..'.
14 97
13 26
B 4
B 5
11 89
14 73
Aggregat
e
288 60
71 75
Averao'e ner .anre in 100
5 . . .
1
6 00
1 49
ROTATION ' A.'
This rotation of 5 years duration includes grain, hay (2 years) grain and corn
or roots in the order named. The grain crop mentioned first comes after corn. With
the first crop of grain is sown 10 lbs. red clover, 1 lb. alsike and 10 lbs. timothy per
acre. The field is left in hay for 2 years, then in August of the second year it is
ploughed and cultivated at intervals till October, when it is ridged up and left till
the next spring. Oats are sown on this field, and with them red clover seed at the rate
of 10 lbs. per acre. This clover is allowed to grow for something over a year or until
corn seeding time the following spring, when it is turned -under with a shallow furrow
along with the manure that will have been applied during the winter. After the corn
has been harvested the land is ploughed shallow and left till the next spring.
The crops on this rotation this year have been fairly satisfactory. On Al the
ploughing in the fall was delayed, hence a light crop of gi-ain. On A2 two crops of
Alfalfa hay were harvested in time to permit of August ploughing. A3 gave an ex-
cellent crop of com, and A4 a very good crop of hay. On A5 the black muck portion
was injuriously affected by the weather, and no crop was harvested therefrom.
REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
'A.'
79
Items of Expense iu Raising Crop of 1905.
Particulars
Df Crop of 1905.
6
t4
^Manual
Labour.
Horse Labour.
^
c3
s
^
0
m
u
0
3
>
> ^.
^
0,
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Hrs.
8 cts.
Hrs
Hrs
S cts.
•S cts.
S cts.
S cts.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
S cts.
Sets.
Sets.
44
6 60 166|
23 70 j 52
'49'
50 02
25 40
7 29
140 56
114 07
14 11
12 81
12,155
25,181
171 51
250 60
17 22
28 16
3 11
1.58
62,650
15 35
605
90 75 339
27 00 72
38
101 70
29 20
270 52
122 99
26 52
13 44
390,915
399 91
247 20
39 20
27 02
12 68
180
70,628
13 58
87
13 05144
10
45 20
131 79
14 74
16,969
23,281
216 25
1,285 47
22 45
7 71
1,074
161 10l773| 97
251 52
7 29 77!) 93
16 30
29,124
48,462
133,278
399,915
8,359
26 86
10 56
22-44
3 36 16-17 2 02
) 1
5 25
0 15 16 30
16 30
608
971
2,785
26 86
26 86
10 56
B.'
78
82
11 70
12 30
46 50
34 05
114 00
161
140
100
80
359
5
6
42
3S
49 30
43 20
38 40
31 60
107 70
6 44
8 42
144 34
131 81
159 36
132 44
296 01
14 43
14 94
15 62
14 47
29 81
1
10,725 32,125
14,040 19,910
20,000
191 50
180 22
322 84
327 88
411 85
19 15
20 43
31 65
35 83
41 47
4 72
5 49
310
227
760
92,240
93,682
' 4ii;856
16 03
21 36
11 66
1,457 218 55
840
91
270 20
14 86
863 96
17 96
24,765 52,035
185,922
431,850
1,434 29
29 81
11 85
30-29
4 54
17-46
1-89
5 63
■30
17 96
17 96
515 1,081
3,865
8,978
29 81
29 81
11 85
ROTATION 'b.'
This rotation of 5 years duration includes grain, hay, corn or roots in the order
named, the first crop of grain following a crop of corn or roots. Red clover 10 lbs.
alsike 1 lb. and timothy 5 lbs. is sown with the grain each time grain is sown. When
grain follows hay the land is ploughed in the early fall. When com follows hay the
land is ploughed in the spring, the spring growth of grass and clover being ploughed
in along with the manure which will have been applied during the preceding winter.
The crops ozi this rotation were very fair. The crop on Bl however was very short
on account of the black muck soil being very weedy. It was necessary to cut part of
this field while still green so that the average was very materially lowered. B2 waa
similarly affected in a less degree. The corn on B5 was a remarkable crop.
80
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 190S
ROTATION
Four year rotation, with Deep
Description of Soil.
o
r3
Lot,
Location.
Crop.
Crop.
C
i
p
o
S
T3
'~*
H
c5
C
g'S
>,
>5
a
es
^--o
■X}
1=
p. C.
w
p. C.
01 g
P.O.
p. c.
P.O.
p. 0.
p. c.
Ac.
1904.
1905.
$ cts.
S cts.
D 1
E. G. P. S. 2
E. G. P. S. 4
E. G. P. S. 6
E. G.P.S.8
20
20
30
CO
80
80
70
40
2
2
2
2
Oats. . . .
Hay,. ...
Roots . . .
Oats
12 00 1 CO
D 2
Oat hay
Roots
12 00 1 CO
D 3
12 00 2 GO
D 4
12 00
3 38
AsTErreerate ...
8
48 00
9 18
Average ner anrft in 19
05
1
C 00 1 14
ROTATON
Four year rotation, with Shallow
S 1
E. G. P. S. 1
E. G. P. S. 3
E. G. P. S. 5
E. G. P. S. 7
20 80
20 : 80
so; 70
CO 40
2
2
2
2
Oats
Hay
Roots
Oats
12 00
12 00
12 00
12 00
1 GO
S 2
S 3
'
Oat hay
Roots
1 CO
2 00
S 4
3 38
Aggregate
Average ner acre in 19
8
48 00
9 ll^
05
1
G 00
1 15
ROTATION ' D.'
Dee'p Ploughing.
This rotation is of 4 years duration and includes grain 2 years, hay and roots.
The grain crop follows roots, the root land being ploughed to a depth of about
7 inches after the roots are harvested in the fall. With the grain is sown 10 lbs. red
clover, 1 lb. alsike and 10 lbs. timothy seed per acre. The clover hay is cut twice in
the season and the second aftermath left on the field, that is it is not pastured off as
is usually done. In the second hay year two crops are cut if possible, and the land
ploughed in August with a deep Y-inch furrow.
Dl and D2. These two plots were under hay this year. Since they had not been
treated differently from Si and S2 before being seeded down they were not cut
separately.
D3. This plot, like its fellow S3, was under roots. The seed came up badly and it
was necessary to resow with turnips. The cut worm then attacked the plots so that it
was not considered advisable to give the actual crops in the report found below. The
figures given are the average of the crops grown on both D3 and S3.
D4. This plot w.as under oats. The crops in this case were kept separate although
there had been no difference in methods of cultivation previous to seeding to oats.
REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
D.'
81
late Fall Plowing Area 8 acres.
Items of Expense in raising Crop of 1905.
Particulars of Crop of 1905.
Mannal
Horse
Labour.
Labour.
01
6
t
_ „ ,
'rt
1^
"^
^
C3
u
a
S
^
p ,
o
P4
c3
CO
M M
h
C
&
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S
t5
3 O
0
si
a;
6
R
c3
O
O ^'
o
o .
£-1
fcc
P
0
0
0
o
:l
C X
2
J3
0
m
it
0
0
0
1
^
O
'^
'^
>
H
H
0
0
m
H
H
;>
Ph
$ cts.
$ Ctb.
$ cts.
$ ets.
$ Cts.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
§ cts.
§ cts.
$ cts.
50 7 50; 16i
lOi
7 05
28 15
14 08(
19,001
68 60
34 30
20 22
50
7 50 16|
63 75! 50|
2 85 24i
101
7 05
28 15
14 07
19,601
68 60
34 30
20 22
425
28-
20 67
7 35
"222
99 02
27 80
49 51
13 90
109,086
109 09
48 82
295 11
54 50
24 41
147 55
5 04
19
3,705
5,885
10 51
109,086
544
81 60|107f
49
42 12
2 22
183 12
91 56
3,705
5,885
39,202
55 99
68
10 20
m
6^! 5 26
0 28
22 89
22 89
463
735
4,900
13,636
36 89
36 89
14 00
'S.'
early Fall Plowing Area 8 acres.
50
50
7 50
7 50
63 75
2 85
16i
16i
50^
241
lOi
10^
28
....
7 05
7 05
20 67
7 35
"2ii
28 15
28 15
99 02
27 69
14 08
14 07
49 51
13 84
19,601
19,001
' 109^086
68 60
68 60
109 09
47 64
34 30
34 30
54 54
23 82
20 22
20 22
425
5 03
19
3,510
6,270
10 02
109,086
544
81 60
1071
49
42 12
2 11
183 01
91 50
3,510
6,270
39,202
293 93
146 98
55 49
G8J 10 20
13J
6*
5 26
0 26
22 88
22 88
439
784
4,900
13,635
36 74
36 74
13 86
ROTATIOX ' S.
Shallow Ploughing.
This rotation is of 4 years duration and includes grain, 2 years hay and roots.
The grain crop follows roots, the root land being ploughed (or cultivated) to a
depth of about 4 inches after the roots are harvested in the fall. With the grain is
sown 10 lbs. red clover, 1 lb. alsike and 10 lbs. timothy seed per acre. The clover hay
is cut twice in the season and the second aftermath left on the field, that is, it is not
pastured ofp as is usually done. In the second hay year two crops are cut if possible
and the land ploughed in August with a shallow 4-inch furrow. If manure is applied
before ploughing a sub-soiler should be attached to the plough to loosen up the sub-
soil to a depth of 8 or 9 inches. If manure is not applied this end is attained by means
of a strong deep-cutting cultivator after the sod has rotted in the fall, or next spring,
SI and S2. These two plots were under hay this year. Since they had not been
treated differently from Dl and D2 before being seeded down they were not cut
separately.
53. This plot, like its fellow D3, was under roots. The seed came up badly, and
it was necessary to resow with turnips. The cut worm then attacked the plots so that
it was not considered advisable to give the actual crops in the report found below. The
figures given are the average of the crops grown on both S3 and D3.
54. This plot was under oats. The crops in this case were kept separate, although
there had been no difference in methods of cultivation previous to seeding to oats.
16—6
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A, 1906
ROTATION
Location.
Description of Soil.
a-
o
<1
Crop.
Crop.
Lot.
o
>>
s
(3
02
1
o
o
S
es
3
o
u
a
a
rt
S
i::
a
"o
9
P
c
.5 t
"3
CO
El
W.S.I
L.S. 4
Morn
P.O.
40
10
p. C.
40
60
r>n
P.O.
p.c.
p.c.
15
20
5
p.c.
5
p.c.
Ac.
14 00
13-75
14-00
1904.
1905.
.? cts.
84 00
$ cts.
23 66
E2
10
n
82 -501 20-51
E3
84-00 25-57
Aggrega
te
41-75
250 5o! 69 74
Average ner acre in 1 9(
)5
1-00
600
167
ROTATION
Z 1
W.S. 2
L.S. 3
Obs. S
40
10
10
40
60
60
15
20
5
fi-OO
5-81
5-50
3600
34-86
40-00
1011
Z 2 . . ..
10
90
io"
8 -73
Z 3
715
Aggrega
te
17-31
110-86
26-02
Average cer acre in 1905. . .
100
6-00
150
ROTATION ■ E.'
This rotation of three years' duration includes grain, pasture and com.
The grain con:!es after the corn, the stubble of -which is treated as described under
rotation ' A.' With the grain in the spring is sown 10 lbs. red clover, 1 lb. alsike
clover, 5 lbs. alfalfa and 5 lbs. timothy seed per acre. If -weather permits the field is
pastured slightly in the fall.
After the grain crop the land is pastured, the grass seeding having been done
with this object in view. In estimating the value of the returns from this field, pas-
ture is charged at $1 per month per cow. At this rate the returns fall very far short
of what would have been the returns if a hay crop had been harvested, if we may
judge by the returns from ' Z 2.' This rotation and rotation Z were introduced into
the list in order to gain some idea as to the difference in returns probable from land
pastured and land from which all the crops are harvested. Of course the corn crop
after the pasture has in a measure made up for the difference in favour of the no
l)asture rotation ' Z,' but the returns are on the whole still considerably short of those
from ' Z:
Corn follows the pasture. Manure is applied during the fall and winter and
turned under with the growth of clover grass in the spring.
REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
83
Items of Expenses in Raising Crop in 1905.
Particulars of Crop in 1905.
Mannal
Labour.
Horse Labour.
to
"3
i
o
i-i
u
<s
1
Q
1
o
6
Is
>
3
o
H
2
K
2
o
o
©
o
i
s
s
O
1
o
o S
. ^
c *^
b o
oo
t-l
O
.5
1-
o
c
Hrs. S cts.
135 20 25
843 126 45
Hrs.
200
452
Hrs
12
20
S cts.
62 40
139 60
$ cts.
18 96
$ cts.
209 27
369 06
109 57
§ cts.
14 94
26 84
7 83
Lbs.
31,580
Lbs.
36,770
Lbs.
Lbs.
' 5'30,346
$ cts.
399 34
530 34
162 00
§ cts.
28 52
38 57
11 57
$ cts.
13 58
11 73
*162m.
3 74
978 146 70
652
32 202 00
18 90 087 90
31,580
756
36,770
102
530,340
1,091 68
23 42 3 51
15-61
76 4 83
0 45 16 47 16 47
880
3-88
12,678
26 14
26 14
9 07
Z.'
60
9 00
48 75
14 40
71
181
55
4
15
36
22 10
57 30
23 70
5 07
82 31
19. n.H
8,450
14,930
115 36
195 85
207 41
19 23
33 71
37 U
7 IS
325
9o
149 64 25 75
85 25 15 50
59,260
195,850
7 'JO
24 63
481
72 15
307
55
103 10
5 07
317 10
18 31
8,450
14,93(
862-5*
59,260
195,850
518 62
29 96
27.78 4 17
17-73
3 17
5 95
0 29
18 31
18 31
4&S15
423 14
11314-21
29 96
29 96
11 65
ROTATION Z.
This rotation of three years' duration includes corn, grain and clover hay, in the
order named.
Corn comes after the clover hay. The manure is applied in the fall or during the
■winter and spring, and the clover allowed to grow up through it, so facilitating the
turning under of the whole mass of manure and spring growth and late fall growth of
clover a few days before the com is to be sown. The furrow turned is quite shallow,
about 5 inches deep, and the land is then thoroughly disc-harrowed and the corn sown
iii rows 42 inches apart. It receives later the usual cultivation and care.
Grain follows corn, the land having been ploughed in the fall. With the grain
there is so-wn 10 lbs. red clover, 1 lbs. alsike and 5 lbs. timothy seed. The hay is cut
twice and the last aftermath allowed to grow up to be turned under the next spring
for corn. Such a rotation would be particularly valuable to a farmer having sufficient
rough land for pasture or for one desirous of keeping as many cattle as possible on
the land at his disposal, supposing him willing to grow roots and corn.
16— 6i
81
EXPERIMENTAL FAliilS
5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1906
ROTATION"
Description of Soil.
Lot.
Location.
Crop.
Crop.
o
S
i
§
O
-3
>
O
<
Xfj.
p.c.
p.e.
p.c.
p.c.
p.c.
p.c.
p.c.
Ac.
1004.
1D05.
.$ cts.
% cts.
H 1
U.S. 1
30
40 20
loL..
3 35 Pasture
Roots
20 10
5 50
H 2
H.S. 2
H.S. 3
25
10
45 20
20 .^0
10
90
3-15 Rocts .
2'85Pai^tnre and
Grain
Pasture and
soiling crop
18 90
17 10
5 G4
H 3
2 GO
soiling crop
Aggiegat
9-35
56 10 13 74
1
6 00
1 47
ROTATION
T 1
S.S.I
S.S.2 ...
S.S.3
S.S.4
10
15
"i.n
90 ...
I'SllRoots
2-44 Rape
3-27 Soiling
3 50 Pasture ....
1
Grain
Roots ....
Pasture
Pasture
9 06
14 64
19 02
2L 00
2 45
T 2
85 ...
2 73
T .S
100 ....
2 48
T 4
85 ...
Aggregate
1072
04 32
7 60
i
Average ner acre in 19C
5
6 0(.
0 71
ROTATION H.
Hog Farm.
This rotation is of three years' duration and includes roots, soiling crop and
pasture in the order named. The land is ploughed late in the fall after it has been
manured. It is disked the next spring and the roots sown on ridges. The roots re-
ceive the usual cultivation and are of a varied character, including mangels, sugar
mangels, sugar beets and turnips devoted to pork production for the most part, the
surplus being sold to cattle and the returns invested in meal for pig feeding.
The soiling crop field is sown with various crops suitable for feeding to pigs.
What is over and above the amount possible of consum.ption by pigs is sold to cattle
at $2 per ton and the returns used to purchase meal for pork production.
The pasture area is divided into several parts, the seed being sown as far as pos-
sible at the same time as the soiling crops the previous year, and not allowed to be
eaten too close the first fall, although any good growth is not wasted.
H. 1. This field was this year under roots, turnips, carrots, mangels, sugar beets
and sugar mangels. Part of the plot is pastured off with pigs. They had access to all
the above sorts of roots, but seemed to prefer mangels and sugar beets,
II. 2. This plot was in grain soiling crop and peas for pasturing off when ripe.
II. 3. This plot was used for pasture after cutting crops of alfalfa and peas and
oats for soiling cows.
nEPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
'H.'
85
Items of Expense in Raising Crop of 1905.
Particulars of Crop of 1905.
Manual
Labour.
Horse Labour.
d
<
»rf
1
43 ;j5 1
s>
u
1-1
■t2 1
2
§
"3
Sd
3
O
>
s o
3
o
hi
c
1
<
S
0
g
0
1
^~'
^ °
U-- ^
0
0
ci
t>
0
&
° J2 o a
0 be
c«
>
<D
-« 5S
c
S :3
cS
>>
CS
c3
tC
6
5uq
-H
d'3
"i-^
2
0
0
u
t^
8
"0
ci
0
^
O
«5
Hrs
',4
>
H
H
0
0
ai
w
P^
H
>
Ph
Hrs.
i cts.
Hrs
$ Cts.
S cts.
S cts.
S cts.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
$ cts.
8 cts.
S cts.
891
133 65
3 60
0 90
83
63
23i
63
1
37 50
19 10
7 05
'207
1 00
196 75
49 31
28 cr
58 73
15 65
10 05
186,532
249 36
79 64
33 02
74 43
25 28
11 58
15 70
24
3.448
794
6,332
9 03
6
2,000
12,085
1 53
921
138 15
LC94
64
63 65
3 07
274 71
4,242
8,332
198,617
362 02
38 70
9 32
9S^ 14 78
181
6-8
6 81
0 33
29 38
29 38
454
891
212-42
38 70
38 70
9 32
8
335
1 20
57 75
0 45
0 30
19
64
13
9
1
29
3
1
5 90
25 00
18 61
100 12
12 25
41 03
8 27
6 90
9,000
10,300
139,245
22 20
139 25
47 41
24 20
14 70
57 07
14 50
6 90
1 75
16 04
3
2
4 50, 27 05
2 90 24 20
4,000
6 23
1
398
59 70
105
34
38 30
169 98
1
13,000
149,545
233 00
21 74
5 89
37i
5 58
n
3^
3 57
15 85
15 85
1,212
13,950
21 74
21 74
5 89
ROTATION T.
Sheep Farm.
This rotation of four years duration includes roots, grain, hay and pasture.
The area devoted to sheep farming is rather limited, ahout 10 -72 acres. This area
is not included in the ' 200-acre farm.' The whole field had been for several years de-
voted to pasturing sheep, but it has been divided into four rather unequal fields sus-
ceptible of further subdivision and devoted to a rotation considered suitable for sheep.
The root field is devoted to white turnips, Swedes, cabbage. Kohl Eabi, thousand
headed kale, rape, &c. It comes after the pasture, the land being manured and ploughed
in the fall.
Grain follows the root land, and with the grain various clovers and grass seeds
are sown to prepare for the ensuing two years. The grain may be harvested or used
as soiling crcp for sheep. The hay field is expected to give one crop of hay and then be
devoted to pasture for lambs as soon as they are weaned.
The pasture field is the field that has been hay the previous year. Alfalfa, red
clover, alsike clover, Bromus inermis and timothy are the clovers and grasses used.
The crops on this rotation were fairly satisfactory this year.
86
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
ROTATION
This rotation of six years' duration
Lot.
M 1
M 2
M 3
Location.
A.S. 2.,
A.S. 4.,
A.S. 6..
Description of Soil.
p.c.
p.c.
15
15
15
o
p.c.
p.c.
Ag^egate
Average per acre in 1905.
Ac.
]
1
1
Crop.
1904.
Oats
Oat hay
Crop.
1905.
Oats
Clover bay .
•S cts.
6 00
6 00
6 00
18 00
■5 cts.
2 60
0 80
0 80
6 00
4 20
1 40
ROTATION
This rotation of six years' duration includes no clover in the hay save
Nl
ASS
SO
30
30
15
15
15
....
45
45
45
10
10
10
1
1
1
Oats
Oat hay..
Oats
6 00
6 00
6 00
1 GO
N 2
A.S. 5
Timothy hay. .
0 45
N3
A.S. 7 ...
0 45
Aggrega
te
3
18 00
2 50
1
6 00
0 89
ROTATION ' M.'
This rotation of six years duration includes in its crops grain, grain, clover hay
and then timothy hay or mixed hay for three years. First year grain is sown on sod
ploughed late in the fall. In the spring the land is disked, harrowed and so^vn with
lO-p.^und of red clover seed per acre at the same time as the grain is sown. After
the grain is harvested the clover is allowed to grow as late as possible and the laud
ploughed the last thing in the fall. The next spring 8 pounds of red clover and 10
pounds timothy seed is sown with the grain and the land put in as good shape as
])0ssible.
Clover hay follows the second year grain. It is cut twice in the year and the last
aftermath not pastured.
Timothy hay or mixed hay then occupies the land for three consecutive years.
Manure is applied in the fall of the second year that the field is under hay.
M 1. This field was sown to oats May 1 and cut August 11. It includes a very
considerable area of black mucky soil which on account of tlie season became infested
with weeds and the crop had to be cut and fed green to cattle. In giving the returns
for this field this fact was borne in mind and allowance made.
M. 2. This field was under clover hay.
M. 3. This field was the one in the rotation that received manure in the fall of
1904.
REPORT OF TEE AGRICULTURIST 87
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
'M.'
includes clover in the hay. Area 3 acres.
Items of Expense in Raising Crop of 1905.
Particulars of Crop of 1905.
Manual
Horse
■
Labour.
Labour.
S
f ^
j= j= 1 «r
o
3
d
o
o
O
;*
^
fc
c
^
u
o
o
"m
a.
p
p
3
t
o
c
o
o
O
o
rt
to
ci
o
tA
X
to
jj)
ID
p
u
X
6
g
G
1
d -2
0^
s
"3
0)
S
o
o
a.
'I
>.
rt
cS
o
o
o
Is
o
'/U
o
;^ j^
>
H
H
o
e
in
"X^
P^
H
;>
PL
llrs.
•S cts.
Hrs' Hrs
$ cts.
$ cts.
§ cts.
% cts.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
S cts.
§ cts.
$ cts.
6
0 90
2 77
161 - - .
5 02
4 10
1 10
15 62
13 07
15 62
13 67
18 20
36 10
25 42
30 84
25 42
30 84
9 80
ISi
11
4
8,8.30
17 17
184
2 77
11
4
4 10
13 07
13 67
10,950
38 32
38 32
24 65
43 6 44
38i
8
13 22
1 10
42 96
42 96
18 20
36 10
19,780
94 58
94 58
51 62
14
2 15
13
3
4 41
0 37 14 32
14 32
6 07
12 03
6,593
31 53
31 53
17 21
such as may happen to get in from unknown sources. Area 3 acres.
c
0 90
1 50
1 50
161
6
5i
2*
2
5 12
2 20
2 05
0 95
13 57
10 15
10 00
13 57
10 L5
10 00
Ij 60
31 90
21 98
19 32
24 40
21 98
19 32
24 40
8 41
TO
4,830
6,200
9 17
10
14 40
20
3 90
28^
4i
9 37
0 95
33 72
33 72
15 60
31 90
11,030
05 70
65 70
31 98
9
1 30
9i
3 12
0 32
11 24
11 24
5 20
10 63
3,370
21 90
21 90
10 06
ROTATION N.
This rotation of six years' duration includes in its crop grain, grain and timothy
hay for four years.
The first year's grain is sown on land that had been ploughed six inches deep the
fall previous. JSTo grass or clover seed of any kind is sown with it. The stubble is
ploughed in the fall and with the grain of the second year timothy seed is sown at the
rate of 12 pounds per acre. Every care is taken to insure a good catch and the land
put in as good shape as possible to remain in meadow four years.
Timothy hay is then the crop for four years, manure being applied in the fall of
the second year of hay.
N 1. This field was sown to oats May 1 and cut Aug. 11. It includes a very con-
siderable area of black mucky soil which on account of the season became infested
with weeds, and the crop had to be cut and feed green to cattle. In giving the returns
for this field below this fact was borne in mind and allowance made.
N. 2. This field was under timothy hay.
N. 3. This field was the one in the rotation that received manure in the fall of
1904.
88
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
ROTATION
This xotation of three years duration has no
Descriiition of Soil.
"o
o
p
Lot.
Location.
s
S
?
Crop.
Crop.
0
a
a
g
r3
o
•r" o
o
^
cS
■"C
5
C/3
g
o
3
C4
c
o
s s
p. c.
p. c.
p. c.
p. c.
p. C.
p. c.
p. c.
Ac.
1901.
1905.
$ cts.
S cts.
01
A. S. 8
30
15
45
10
1
Oat hay
Hay
6 00
0 GO
0 2
A. S. 10....
30
15
15
45
45
10
10
1
1
Oats
Oats
Hay
6 00 2 30
0 3
A. S. 12..
6 00 1 30
Aggregate
3
18 Ol>i 4 20
)5
1
6 00 1 40
ROTATION
This rotation of three years duration
PI
P 2
A. S. 9
A. S. 11
30
30
30
15
15
15
45 ... .
45 ...
45 ... .
10
10
10
1
1
1
Oat hay
Oats
Hav
0,its
Hay
6 00
6 00
6 00
1 30
1 30
P 3
A. S. 13..
0 60
Aggrega
te
3
18 CO
3 20
Average npr acrp in 19f
5. .
1
6 00
1 07
ROTATION O.
This rotation is three years' duration and includes grain, timothy hay, timothy
hay.
The field intended for grain is ploughed early in the fall and cultivated at inter-
vals to insure the sod rotting. It is ploughed again late in the fall and with the
grain, the next spring, timothy seed is sown at the rate of 12 lbs. to the acre.
Timothy hay is cut for two years and the land again ploughed early in the fall.
Manure is applied in the fall of the first year under hay.
O 1. This field was under timothy hay.
O 2. This field was sown to oats May 1, cut August 11. It includes a very con-
siderable proportion of black mucky soil which, on account of the season, became in-
fested with weeds and the crop on that part had to be cut and fed green to cattle. In
giving the returns for this field below this fact was borne in mind and allowance
made.
O 3. This field was under timothy hay and was the field to receive manure in the
fall of 1904.
REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURIST 89
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
'O.'
clover included in its crops. Area 3 acres.
Items of Expense in raising C
rop of 1905.
Particulars c
f Crop 0
1905.
IM.i
La'.
lual
our.
Horse Labour.
<D
lO
g
r- , ^
03
s
2
gi
O
43
03
.1
d
2
o
0
o
to
8
Is
o
_d
>>
to
O
_3
>
O
O^^
n^
JS
o
o
^
o
o
"A
Q
15 ^
!>
H
H
O
O
m
a
P4
H
>^
Ph
His.
Sets.
Hrs
Hrs
Sets.
S cts.
§ cts.
$ cts.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
$ cts.
Sets.
S cts.
10
1 50
5i
2
2 05
10 ]5
10 15
4,290
IG 58
IG 58
6 43
(5
0 90
16^
5i
i
5 05
1 02
15 27
15 27
1,090
3,280
23 46
23 46
8 19
10
1 50
2'
2 05
10 85
10 85
5,000
20 00
20 00
9 35
26
3 90
27i
4^
9 15
1 02
0 34
30 27
36 27
1,690
3,280
9,290
GO 04
20 01
GO 04
23 77
n
1 30
9i
n
3 05
12 09
12 09
503
1,093
3,097
20 01
7 92
includes clover. Area 3 acres.
18i
6
2 77i
0 90
2 77^
lOi
IGi
lOi
4
■2
4
3 95
5 05
3 95
"odi)
14 02
14 15
13 33
14 02
14 15
13 32
" 1^494
3^250
8,210
28 73
21 45
38 40
28 73
21 45
38 46
14 71
7 30
ISi
10,990
25 14
43
G 45
374
8i
12 95
0 90
41 50
13 83
1,494
3,256
19,200
88 G4
88 64
15 72
14^
2 15
12i
2f
4 32
0 30
13 83
13 S3
498
1,085
6,400
29 55
29 55
15 72
ROTATION ' P/
This rotation is of three year's duration and includes grain, clover hay, and timothy
hay or mixed hay.
The field intended for grain is ploughed early the previous fall and cultivated at
intervals to insure the sod rotting. It is again ploughed late in the fall and left till
seed time next spring. With the grain is sown ten pounds clover and ten pounds timo-
thy.
^fanure is applied in the fall of the first year of hay.
P 1. This field was under clover hay.
P 2. This field was sown to oats May 1, cut August 11.
It includes a very considerahle proportion of black mucky soil which on account
of the peculiar weather became infested with weeds, and the crop on that part had to
be cut and fed gTeen to cattle.
In giving the returns for this field below this fact was borne in mind and allow-
ance made.
P 3. This field was under clover hay and was the field to receive manure in tlie
fall of 1904.
90
EXPEIilMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 190S
SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS ON ' 200 ACRE FARM.'
Returns as per statements, pages 73 to 89 inculsive $ 5,590 08
EXPENDITURES.
Rent, labour and manure as per statements on
pages 73 to 89 inclusive $ 3,444 18
Extra manure (not included in statements men-
tioned above but produced by live stock
on experimental farm and applied to ' 200
Acre Farm ') 414 00
Total expenditure $ 3,858 18
$ 3,858 18
Balance $ 1.''31 90
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906
REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST
(W. T. Macoun.)
December 1, 1905.
Dr. Wm. Saunders, C.M.G.,
Director, Dominion Experimental Farms,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith the nineteenth annual report of this
division. The results of some of the most important experiments conducted during
the year and infonnation regarding other work of the horticultural division will be
found in this report.
CHARACTER OF SEASON.
The winter of 1904-5 while not a very severe one, was marked by long spells of
cold weather, but as there was a good depth of snow no special injury was done. Winter
set in on November 24, 1904, with snow and frost. The snow gradually increased in
depth, but was reduced a little on December 31, when the temperature rose to 35 -T^F.
This, however, was the only day in December when the temperature rose above freezing,
it being a cold month. The coldest day of the month and the coldest of the winter
was Christmas day, when the temperature went down to 20-6°F. below zero. January
was a moderately cold month. While the temperature rose above freezing it was only
for a few hours, and there was no real thaw during the month. The lowest tempera-
ture was 20°F. below zero on January 14. The heaviest snowstorm in many years
occurred on January 6 and 7, the high wind causing the snow to drift badly. This
was followed by another heavy storm on the 10th. By the middle of the month there
were about three feet on the level, affording excellent protection for the roots of trees
and for low growing plants. February was a cold month, the temperature not once
rising above freezing. The lowest temperature was 18-7^F. below zero on the IGlh.
The weather continued cold up to March 18, the temperature falling to 16°F. below
.lero on the 14th, a low temperature for March. On the 18th there was heavy rain and
the snow may be said to have begun to go on that date. There were about three feet
on the level when it began to melt, but there was an almost continuous thaw until
April, and by April 1, while there were still patches of snow on the ground, about half
the surface of the soil was bare. Owing to the snow coming in November and re-
maining, there was very little frost in the ground during the winter, hence the soil
could be worked soon after the snow disappeared. The first ploughing was done in
the orchard on April 15, but spades were used on the 13th. There was very little
rain in April and owing to the comparatively cool weather through most of the month
it was very favourable for planting. The highest temperature was on the 2Sth, when
it rose to 75°F. The last spring frost recorded was on May 2, when the temperature
was 29 ■5°F., although light local frosts were noticed in this locality later in the month.
The weather in May was alternately warm and cool. The highest temperature during
the month was 78-8°F. on the 25th. At the end of May the vegetation was from a
week to ten days later than the average. Vegetation was showing the need of rain
badly at the beginning of June, but on the 2nd there was a fine rain. There was a
light frost in low places on June 3. On June 10 the season was considered still ten
91
92 EXPERIilEXTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
days later than the average. From June 12 until July 19, the weather was almost
constantly warm. For ten days in June and for sixteen days in July the temperature
was 80°F. and ahove. The highest recorded in June being 86*5°F. on the 20th, and
the highest in July 91*4°F. on the 18th. While the weather became a little cooler on
July 20, it continued warm until August 12. As there was plenty of rain during this
long spell of warm weather growth was rapid. The latter part of August was mod-
erately warm and bright. The highest temperature was 86-6°F. on the 10th. Sep-
tember was moderately warm and with occasional showers up to the 23rd, when it
became cool and remained so to near the end of the month. The highest temperature
was 80-2°F. on the 10th, and the nearest approach to frost recorded was on September
26, when it fell to 32 •2°F. There was, however, a light frost on September 13th, not
lecorded by the thermometer, which killed cucumbers and melons and in places
touched tobacco, although the injury to the latter was not great. On September 2G,
tomatoes and other tender things were killed. October was a fine month. The first
ten days were moderately warm, the temperature rising to TG^F. on the 1st, and the
Test of the month varied from cool to moderately warm. The night temperatures
were rather low, both in September and October, though no frost was recorded until
October 7, when the temperature fell to 29 •5'^'F. The first severe frost was on the 22nd,
when the temperature was 22 •S°F., and after that date there were several frosts, the
lowest occurring on the 30th, when it was 16 •5°F. Xovember was cool asd frosty.
On the 6th there was a fall of 2J inches of snow, and on the 8th, 2 inches more. This
melted slowly, and was practically gone on November 13, when the temperature
dropped to 16-8°F., and to 10°F. on the 14th, stopping ploughing. The ground re-
mained frozen, preventing ploughing, until November 24, when there was little frost
left in the ground. There was heavy rain on November 26, and on the 27th the ground
froze again and winter may be said to have set in on that date.
FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CROPS.
There was a good supply of fruit and vegetables in the provinces of Ontario and
Quebec this year, although the apple crop was below the average in most sections of
Ontario, and hence there was not as much fruit exported as last year. The light crop
of apples this year was no doubt in a raeasure due to the severe winter of 1903-4,
■v^hich weakened many trees. This was followed by a bountiful harvest in 1904, which
probably further weakened the trees, which were not able to support another good crop
this year. In the Ottawa Valley, where the crop was very good, bearing trees were for
the most part of hardy varieties, which were uninjured by the winter of 1903-4, the
tenderer kinds having been killed outright. Summ.er and autumn varieties sold at
low prices, but winter fruit, for which there was a strong demand, brought very re-
munerative returns.
The peach, pear, plum, and cherry crops were all good. The cherry rot and ripe
lot on the plums, however, caused considerable loss. The grape crop was good and the
black rot not nearly so bad as last year. The crops of all bush and small fruits were
good. Tomatoes were not so plentiful as last year, owing to the cool spring, but prices
were better. Other vegetables were abundant, with the exception of potatoes, which
were much injured by blight and rot in most sections, except where sprayed with
Bordeaux mixture.
At the Central Experimental Farm the apple crop was good and the fruit prac-
tically uninjured by either codling moth or black spot. There was a light crop of
"Russian pears and cherries, but the crop of Americana and Nigra plums was good;
some of the Domestica varieties also fruited this year. The grape crop was very good,
but owing to the comparatively cool autumn the fruit did not ripen as thoroughly as
in some years, altliougu 90 varieties matured sufficiently to be called ripe. The crops
cf raspberries, currants and gooseberries were all good. Strawberries bore a medium
REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST 93
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
crop. ]Most vegetables did well, but tlie season was too cool and showery for melons,
vv'hich were practically a failure, and tomatoes did not yield as mucli ripe fruit as in
drier and warmer seasons. Leaf blight affected the cabbage and cauliflower to a con-
siderable extent, preventing them from developing as well as usual. The potato crop
was good where the vines were well sprayed with Bordeaux mixture, but unsprayed
plots suffered badly from blight and the crop was much reduced.
IIEETIXGS ATTEXDED AND PLACES \aSITED.
During the year the following meetings were attended and addresses given where
intimated: —
Quebec Pomological Society, Ayer's Cliff, P.Q., December 14 and 15, 1901:
' Potato Culture.'
Prince Edward Island Fruit Growers' Association, Charlottetown, P.E.I., De-
cember 20, 21, 1904 : ' Guides to Success in Fruit Culture,' ' Strawberry Culture.'
Society for Horticultural Science, Philadelphia, December 27-28 : ' The Horse
Bean as a Cover Crop.'
Vermont State Fruit Growers' Association, Yergennes, Vt., February 9-10, 1905.
' The Cherry.' ' The Strawberry.'
Niagara Fruit Growers' Association, meetings at Jordan Station, Queenston and
•St. Catharines, March 16, IT, 18, 1905. ' Diseases of the Grape ' and ' Strawberries.'
Ontario Agricultural Department, Demonstrations in Spraying, St. Catharines
and Virgil, April 18-19, 1905.
* Demonstration of Making Kerosene Emulsion with Flour.'
Quebec Pomological Society, St. Hilaire, P.Q., August 23-24, 1905. ' Eeport on
Fruit Exhibits.'
Toronto Exhibition, September 12, 1905. Examination of Fruit Exhibits.
Ontario Fruit Growers' Association.
Ontario Vegetable Growers' Association.
Ontario Horticultural Association, Toronto, November 14, 15, 16, lY, 18, 1905.
* Report on New Fruits,' ' Fruit Growing in Great Britain and Ireland,' * The Botanic
Garden of the Central Experimental Farm,' ' The Best Varieties of Vegetables.'
While in Great Britain and Ireland during the summer of 1905, 1 visited many
places of interest and the information obtained should prove of considerable value in
connection with the horticultural work here. Among the places visited may be men-
tioned the Department of Agriculture, Dublin, Ireland, and the Government Farm and
.Botanic Gardens at Glasnevin, Ireland; the Daisy Hill Nurseries, Newry, Ireland; the
Fruit Districts of Armagh county, Loughgall and Anaghmore, Ireland, being others
of principal jpoints visited. Dickson's Nurseries at Belfast were also examined. While
in England a visit was paid to the Royal Gardens, Kew ; the Horticultural College,
Swanley, Kent; the Horticultural College, Reading; Sutton's Trial Grounds, Reading,
and the Woburn Fruit Experiment Station, Ridgemont, at all of which places many
interesting things were seen.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
It is again a pleasure to acknowledge the services of Mr. J. F. Watson and Mr. H.
Holz, who in the performance of their various duties have done much to make the work
of the division successful. The faithful work of Mr. F. Horn, foreman in the Arbore-
tum and Botanic Garden, is acknowledged.
The information furnished by many fruit growers in Canada and the United
States has been much apreciated, as in order to make the experimental work here of the
greatest value it should be supplemented by the experience of others.
91
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
DONATIONS.
Each year there are many valuable donations of plants, scions, seeds, etc., and in
the following list will be found an acknowledgment of those that were received during
the past year.
Donations.
Semdier.
New Jersey Experimient Station, New Bruns- Seeds of oorn, tomatoes, peppers, and egg
wick, N.J., U.S i ipLants.
James Miller, L»yn, Ont One Miller Hand marker.
J. F. Wagner, Bennett, Iowa, U.S S-cions of 194, 197 and 199 Seedling plums.
Wm. A. Anderson, West Union, Iowa, U.S.. . | Scions of Anderson plum.
Ohio Experim'emt Station, Wooster, Ohio, U.S ! Apple scions — 15 varieties.
L. Cameron, Iroquois, Ont , Scions oif Seedle&s apple, Mcintosh Sweet and
Fall Greening.
Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ont.
P. Carsteseo, Billiings' Bridge, Ont
C. L. Stephens, Oriilia, Ont
Trappist Fathers, Oka, Que
Botanic Garden, Upsala, Sweden ,
T. R'Owan, Macgregor, Man
John MoCarty, Semiwagan Ridge, N.B.
Pearl of Savoy, Empire State and American
Wonder potatoes.
Scions of early native plum.
Scions of Northern Spy and King apples.
Scions of American Golden Russet apple.
OoMection of seeds.
Wee Macgregor potato.
Scions of No. 1 and No. 2 and Esson seedling
apples.
Dr. A. Harkness, Lanoaster, Ont Apple scions.
J. P. Gockburn, Gravenhurst, Ont Scions of Rakestrow apple amd Gopon plum.
W. H. Dem'psey, Trenton, Ont ! Apple scions.
E. Kenny, St. Vincent de Paul, Que ! Scions of seedling apiple.
D. E. Bloomfield, Seotland, -Ont | Scions of unknown apple.
W. L. Rowell, Ayers' Oliff, Que Scions of Lincoln apple.
C. R. Dickie, Muddy Greek, P.E.I Velvet beians.
Miss P. L. Baker, Oakville, Ont Scions of seedling apple.
The Templin Co., Calla, Ohio, U.S 3 plants Cardinal strawberry.
Amherst Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass.,
U.S ; Scions of Palmer Greening apple.
A. C. Sharpley. Arizona, Man j Northern Star, Sir John Llewellyn and Duke
of York potatoes.
Scott, Ottawa, Ont Scions .of unknown apple.
Snider Best Early potato
W. L
Thos. Bousfield, Carlisle. Ont
W. A. Smitih, Roblin, Man
Vermont Experiment Station, Burlington, Vt
U.S
Henry E. Wright, Summerside, P.E.I
H. G. Schmidt, Cross Lake, Ont
J. F. Litooy, Everett, Wash., U.S
A. M. Smith, St. Catharines, Ont
C. Draffin, Merivale, Ont
Chas. H. Smith, Sand Beach, Yarmouth, N.S.
Thos. C. Paidon, Toronto, Ont
Dr. Mackay, Halifax, N.S
Hon. F. R. Latchford, Ottawa, Ont
W. J. Ma.lden, Surbiton, Engiand
L. A. Sovereign, Round Plains, Man
Tchn Scott, -
Oshawa, Ont.
Isaac Lindsay, Sawyerville, Que
Charles Scott, Melville Cross, Ont
J. M. Maccun, Ottawa, Ont
J. W. Johnston, Oampbellford, Ont
Miss Maggie McLaurin, Dalkeith, Ont.
Sutton's S:on House potato.
Rust-proof, June and Sutton's Discovery
potatoes.
2 trees Abegweit plum.
Four varieties of beans.
Plants of Mammoth and Himalaya Blackberries
and Phenomenal rasipberry.
Plants of two seedUing strawberries.
Fantail Rose and Early Pride potatoes.
Plants of seedling strawberry.
Scions of seedling plum.
"iants of Heather.
Buds of Latchford plum.
Maiden's Recorder potato.
Potatoes.
Recorder, Duches of Cornwall, and Eldorado
potatoes.
Hard to Beat potato,
""anadian Red potato.
Mas:T.'ar potato.
Seeds of Liliiim Philadelphieum from wet ground.
Scions of seedling plum.
cicus of Craignaivie apple.
REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST 95
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
THE TESTEsG A^'D THE ORIGIXATION OF KEW FRUITS AT THE CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM.
There is a large collection of promising new fruits at the Central Experimental
Farm, the result of eighteen years' work in gathering together the varieties advertised
by nurserymen and the best seedlings not yet offered for sale. Many seedlings have
also been raised from the best varieties which have fruited at Ottawa, and many others
from seed imported from Russia, Work in cross-breeding has also been carried on,
and varieties originated in this way are now beginning to fruit. If a man sends a
seedling fruit for examination and it is considered promising, scions are asked for
and if received are propagated and later on the young trees are planted in the orchard.
At the present time there are over 100 such promising seedlings of apples alone which
ore being tested in this way. The results of these experiments take time, and it has
always been the policy of the Horticulturist to thoroughly test a variety before re-
commending it for general planting. For this reason, there have been comparatively
few additional kinds added in recent years to the list of those recommended. When
we are convinced, however, that a variety is a decided acquisition, the planting of it
is strongly recommended. The Mcintosh Red apple is an example of this. The in-
formation furnished regarding this fine variety has undoubtedly done much to ex-
lend the planting of it during recent years.
Nearly 2 000 seedlings of Mcintosh Red, Fameuse, Swayzie Pomme Grise, Lawver,
Northern Spy, Winter St. Lawrence, Wealthy, Salome and other varieties are iinder
test. This year 37 of these fruited. Few of them were promising, but the majority
of them were apples of good size and fair quality. An orchard of 3,000 trees of seed-
ling apples from seed imported from Russia has, after testing the fruit, been reduced
to 75 trees, which have borne the best fruit, the rest having been destroyed. Wliile
but few of these will prove of value in the warmer parts of Ontario and Quebec, a
greater number may be found valuable for the North. In a few years the crosses
mado with Mcintosh Red, Lawver, Northern Spy, Milwaukee and North Western
Greening will begin to fruit and from these something good should be obtained. There
nre also seedlipT plums, currants, raspberries, grapes and strawberries in the Horti-
cultural Department, of which there are some that we are confident will yet find a
place among commercial varieties. Descriptions of the most promising varieties
originated and tested at the Central Experimental Farm have appeared from time to
time in the annual reports.
SEEDLING FRUITS RECEH'ED FOR EXAMINATION — 1905.
The following seedling varieties were received for examination this year. Full
descriptions are published of those considered promising, and only a partial descrip-
tion of these of less merit. These descriptions are valuable because they constitute a
record of all the promising seedling fruits which come under our notice. If any of
these varieties should in future years be grown in the commercial nurseries of Canada
their history can be traced and the description given by the nurseryman compared
with the original description published in these reports. These descriptions not only
serve as a record, but they bring these varieties and their characteristics under the
notice of many fruit growers who, if they desire, can test the more promising ones
themselves, providing of course, that scions can be obtained.
Fruit growers are asked to continue to send in specimens of promising varieties,
as in this way those of exceptional merit will find recognition.
96
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD Vil., A. 1f06
Province.
Nova Scotia,
Quebec
Ontario
1
/ "
Name and Address of
Sender.
E. Zwickers, Oakland . . .
R. Hamilton, Grenville.,
Description of Fruit.
A. J. Langlois, St. Malo.
Samuel Greenfield
Ottawa East.
Ed. Hall, Ottawa.
■John McKaj', Creemore.
C. L. Stephens, Orillia..
Thos. A. Harsant, Glen
Orchard.
W m . Pratt, Penetau-
guishene.
W m . Pratt. Penetan-
guiishene.
J. J. McGovern, Ottawa.
R. Couglan, M.D., Hast-
ings.
R. A. Marrison, Catar-
aqui.
E. Lafontaine, Ottawa
Louis Charron, Ottawa. .
Sam. Greenfield, Ottawa
East.
Sam. Greenfield, Ottawa
East.
W. L. Scott, Ottawa.
Medium size, yellow with a red blush on sunny side : Medium
to above medium quality ; season autumn ; not good enough
in quality.
' Large Fameuse Seedling D.' (See full description.)
' No. 10.' — Medium size ; pale yellow, well washed with bright
crimson ; quality good ; season October to November. A
handsome apple but not suthciently promising.
'No. 20.'— Below medium size ; yellow well splashed and wash-
ed with dull crimson; quality good to very good; season
November. Too small.
'No. 30.' — Best keeping good apple; medium size; pale
yellow splashed with crimson ; quality medium ; season
early to midwinter. Not specially promising.
'No. 4. — Keeper, light green, striped.' (See full des-
cription. )
'X, — Resembles Salome.' Medium size; greenish yellow,
faintly splashed with pink on sunny side ; quality above
medium ; season early to mid or late winter ; not good
enough in quality.
Medium size ; pale yellow splashed and washed on sunny side
with crimson ; quality good ; season mid to late September ;
not sufficiently promising.
Greenfield Seedling.' — Medium to above medium in size ; pale
greenish yellow splashed and washed with crimson ; quality
above medium ; season early to mid August ; not equal to
Lowland Raspberry.
Medium size ; greenish yellow, splashed and washed with
crimson ; quality medium to above medium ; season evidently
September to October. A handsome apple but not good
enough in quality.
Medium size ; yellow well washed with dark crimson ; medium
quality ; season mid to late September ; not sufficienth' pro-
mising.
Below medium size ; yellow with a faint pink blush ; quality
good ; season evidently mid to late September ; too small
and not sufficiently attractive.
TvvO .small apples of inferior quality ; one pale yellow with a
few crimson splashes ; the other, pale yellow with a pink
blush.
Medium size ; yellow well splashed and washed with crimson ;
quality above medium ; season evidently October. Hand-
some but not as good as Wealthy, which is of the same
season.
See full description.
Large ; pale yellowish g'-een splashed and streaked with dull
purplish red ; quality medium ; season evidently October.
See full description.
See full description.
Size above medium ; greenish j'ellow splashed and washed with
crimson ; quality above medium ; season October ; not
sufficiently promising.
Large; pale green with a crimson blush on sunny side; quality
above medium ; season probably October to November ; not
sufficiently promising.
' Greenfield No. 0.' — Above medium size ; pale green splashed
and streaked with dull red on sunny side ; quality good ;
season late autumn to early winter ; not attractive in appear-
ance. Not as good as Mcintosh which is of the same season.
'Greenfield No. 5.' — Above medi>im to large: yellow well
washed with rather bright crimson ; quality above medium ;
season evidently October to November; not juicy enougii
for a good sweet apple.
See full description.
Phutii. hy F. T. Shidi.
English Hokse Beans, used for Snow and Wind-break. April 26th, 1905.
Wealthy apples Packed for Shipment to Glasgow.
Fhoto. by F. T. Shtilt.
REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
97
1
Province.
Name and Address of
Sender.
Description of Fruit. ^
310
341
342
343
344
345
Manitoba . .
Ontario . . .
Quebec
A. H. Rogers, Gladstone.
W. C. Wilson. Hawk-
stone.
Maggie McLaurin, Dal-
keith.
W. L. Rowell, Ayer's
Cliff.
Seedling No. 1. — Small, li by 1| inch.; greenish yellow ; qual-
ity above medium ; season evidently October.
Seedling No. 2.— Small, 1^ by Ih inch.; yellow, with a bronze
blush on sunny side ; quality medium to below ; season
evidently October ; noc very promising.
Seedling No. 3. — Quite small; green well washed with deep
crimson ; too small.
Medium size ; yellow, washed and splashed with orange red ;
mildly subacid ; season late winter ; not sufficiently pro-
mising.
See full description of ' Craignaivie.'
See full description of ' Lincoln.'
APPLEC.
No. 317. From K. Hamilton, Grenville, Que. — Large Fameuse Seedling, D. — Fruit
above medium size; form oblate; cavity medium depth and width; russeted at base;
stem short, moderately stout ; basin open, medium depth, nearly smooth ; calyx open ;
colour pale yellow or whitish well washed and splashed with crimson ; dots obsecure ;
skin moderately thick, rather tough; flesh white, slightly tinged with red, tender, juicy;
core medium ; subacid, pleasant, Fameuse-like flavour ; quality good to \-ery good ; sea-
son probably October to mid November.
A good dessert apple, much like Fameuse in quality but coarser in flesh.
No. 321. From R. Hamilton, Grenville, Que., ' Keeper, light green, striped with
red, well coloured on top of tree. No. 4.' — Fruit medium size ; form roundish to oblate ;
cavity open, deep; stem short, moderately stout; basin medium depth and width,
wrinkled; calyx closed; colour pale greenish yellow washed with red on sunny side; dots
indistinct; skin moderately thick, tender; flesh white, tender, juicy; core small; mildly
subacid, pleasant flavour; quality good to very good; season probably early to mid
winter.
A good deal like Princess Louise both in appearance and quality. May be pro-
No. 331. From Wm. Pratt, Penetanguishene, Ont., Seedling No. 2. — Fruit medium
size; form roundish; cavity narrow, medium depth; stem medium length, moderately
stout; basin medium depth and width, wrinkled; calyx partly open or closed; colour
yellow well washed and splashed with rich crimson; dots numerous, yellow, distinct;
skin moderately thick, rather tough; flesh dull white, firm, juicy; core small; subacid,
r.leasant flavour, not high; quality above medium; almost good; season probably early
winter to mid winter. Supposed to be a seedling of Wealthy. Grown on an adjoining
farm to Wm. Pratt. A handsome apple.
No. 333. From E. Couglan, (M.D.), Hastings, Ont. — Fruit medium size; form
oblate to roundish; cavity deep, medium width, russeted; stem short, slender; basin
medium depth and width, smooth; calyx partly open; colour yellow, almost entirely
covered with bright crimson ; dots moderately numerous, yellow, distinct ; skin moder-
ately thick, tender; flesh white, tinged with red, tender, juicy ; core small; briskly
subacid, little decided flavour, quality above rifiedium; season prooably mid September.
A seedling growing in a remote part of farm near Hastings village.
16—7
98 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
A very handsome apple with an aroma. Of good shape. May prove a useful apple
at this season of the year.
No. 334. From R. A, Marrison, Cataraqui, Ont., Seedling Crab Apple. — Fruit
large for a crab; 2 by 2| inches; form roundish, slightly angular; cavity medium depth
and width; stem long, slender; basin open, medium depth, much wrinkled; calj'x closed ;
colour yellow well washed with deep crimson and splashed with dark crimson ; dots few,
yellow, distince; skin moderately thick, moderately tough; flesh yellow, tender, juicy;
core medium; briskly subacid, pleasant flavour, very little astringency; quality good
for a crab; season probably early to mid October.
A handsome crab of the largest size. May prove desirable as a late variety.
No. 344. Craig-naivie — Seedling from Maggie McLaurin, Dalkeith, Ont. — Fruit
large; form roundish to oblate, conic; cavity deep, medium width; stem medium length,
moderately stout; basin medium depth and width, wi'inkled; calyx closed; colour pale
vellow, well washed on sunny side with bright red ; dots obscure ; skin rather thin,
tender; flesh white, tender, melting, juicy; core medium, mildly subacid; quality good
to very good; season probably mid winter to late winter.
A handsome apple of good quality, and if hardy may be useful. * A graft from a
seedling planted by my father long years ago. Very good cookers and bakers.'
No. 345. Lincoln — Seedling from W. L. Rowell, Ayer's Cliff, P.Q. — Fruit above
medium size; form roundish conical; cavity narrow, shallow; stem short, slender;
basin shallow, narrow; calyx closed; colour pale yellowish green splashed and washed
with dull dark purplish red; dots obscure, skin thick, tough; flesh white, tender, juicy;
core medium; mildly subacid, pleasant flavour; quality good; season probably mid
to late winter. Resembles Winter St. Lawrence very much in outward appearance. A
good dessert apple.
APPLES.
After the severe winter of 1903-04, which killed so many varieties of apples in
Ihe orchard at the Experimental Farm, a number of trees not killed outright were left
in a weakened condition. Most of these either died since or have been removed, so
that quite a number of vacancies occurred in the orchard this year. These were prac-
tically all filled by other kinds or by more trees of the varieties which withstood^ the
winter of 1903-4. The winter of 1904-5 was a favourable one and few additional
jvinds were injured. There are still in the apple orchards 4-35 varieties exclusive of
the seedlings originated at the Central Experimental Farm. Owing to the favourable
season, the trees made fine growth this year. The crop was good and the fruit clean,
being practically free of both spot and codling moth. The early varieties were sprayed
three times with Bordeaux mixture, and the later ones four times. There were 193
varieties which fruited.
Three different cover crops consisting of hairy vetch, rape and buckwheat were
used this year to aid in protecting the roots of trees this winter in the standard or-
chard. The Russian 'orchard was in sod this year, but this will be broken up in the
spring.
VARIETIES OF APPLES KEW OR XOT WELL KXOWX IX OXTARIO AND QUEBEC.
Many descriptions of apples have been made at the Central Experimental Farm
during the past eighteen years, and a large number have been published from time
to time in the annual reports, but as there are many others which have not been, it is
considered advisable to continue publishing descriptions of the newer and not well
known sorts. The following descriptions were all made from fruit grown at the Cen-
tral Experimental Farm, with a few exceptions, from outside sources, which are men-
tioned.
REPORT OF TBE HORTICULTURIST 99
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Allen Choice. — Originated in Pennsylvania: — Fruit belbw medium size; form
cblate; cavity medium depth and width; stem short to medium, moderately stout;
lasin shallow, open, wrinkled; calyx open; colour pale yellow splashed and washed
with deep red; dots moderately numerous, grey, distinct; skin moderately thick, tender;
flesh yellowish, crisp, juicy; core small; subacid, pleasant flavour, sprightly; quality
good; season mid winter to late winter.
A pretty apple of good quality. A little under sized, but evidently a good keeper.
Not sufficiently hardy at Ottawa.
Arthur. — Originated in jSTorthern Iowa : — Fruit roundish to oblong ; size medium ;
cavity deep, narrow, slightly russeted near base; stem long, slender; basin deep,
medium width, smooth; calyx open or closed; colour yellow splashed and streaked
with purplish red, mostly on sunny side; dots moderately numerous, grey, distinct;
skin thick, rather tough; flesh yellow, rather coarse, moderately juicy, subacid; core
finall to medium; quality medium; season early to mid winter. Tree hardy, vigorous
and productive, but not desirable here.
Bessie. — Originated in Wisconsin: — Fruit roundish, angular; size large to very
large; cavity deep, medium width, russeted; stem short, stout; basin deep, medium
width, almost smooth; calyx open; colour pale yellow well splashed and streaked with
bright red; dots few, pale, indistinct; skin moderately thick, tender; flesh white,
crisp, rather coarse, juicy, subacid; core small; quality above medium; season late
September, October. Tree hardy, vigorous and a moderate bearer. A large, handsome
apple, but too coarse for dessert.
Bismarck. — Originated in New Zealand: — Fruit roundish, conical; size large;
cavity deep, medium width, russeted; stem short, slender; basin deep, open, wrinkled;
calyx open; colour greenish yellow, well washed and splashed with rich crimson; dots
obscure; skin moderately thick, moderately tough; flesh dull white, coarse, juicy sub-
acid; core small; quality medium; season November, December. Tree a poor grower,
but an early and abundant bearer. Quality not good enough. Of doubtful hardiness.
Fruit received from W. H. Dempsy, Trenton, Ont.
Black Annette. — Originated in Ohio: — Fruit roundish; size small; cavity med-
ium depth and width, russeted; stem medium length, slender; basin open, shallow,
wrinkled; calyx open; colour yellowish green washed with deep, dull purplish red; dots
Tivimerous, small, pale distinct; skin rather thick, t-ough; flesh greenish yellow, mod-
erately juicy, tender; core medium; briskly subacid, somewhat like R. I. Greening in
flavour; quality above medium; season late winter. Tree an early bearer. Hardy
until winter of 1903-4.
Brockville Beauty. — Originated in Eastern Ontario: — Fruit roundish, conical;
size medium to above medium; cavity open, medium depth; stem short, stout; basin
medium depth and width, slightly wrinkled; calyx open; colour pale yellow well
washed and splashed with orange red; dots obscured; bloom none; skin rather thick,
tender; flesh yellow, firm, coarse, moderately juicy, brickly subacid; core mediimi;
quality above medium ; season early September. Tree vigorous and productive, but
fruit drops badly. A pretty apple.
Cellini. — Originated in England : — Fruit roundish, obtusely conical ; size large
to very large; cavity medium depth and width or rather open, russeted; stem medium
length, stout; basin deep, very open, slightly wrinkled; calyx open; colour greenish
yellow well washed and splashed with deep red ; dots obscure ; skin rather thick, tender ;
flesh white, tinged with yellow; tender, melting, moderately juicy; core small, briskly
subacid with a high flavour; quality good to very good; season late October to No-
vember. Quite hardy at Ottawa. Tree vigorous and productive.
16— 7i
100 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 906
Clayton. — Originated in Indiana: — Emit above medium size; form oblate, conic,
angular; basin medium depth and width, slightly wrinlvled; cavity medium depth, open,
f tern short to medium, stout ; calyx partly open ; colour pale green washed and splashed
with dull red; dots few, pale, indistinct; skin thick, tough; flesh, firm, cr.'sp, greenish
yellow, juicy; core rather small; subacid not high flavour; quality above medium; sea-
son late winter. A good keeper. Xot quite hardy enough at Ottawa.
Coo's River Beauty : — Fruit, medium to large size ; form oblate ; cavity deep, open,
lightly russeted; stem very short, slender; basin deep, medium width almost smooth,
calyx open; colour pale yellow well washed with bright crimson; dots few, yellow, dis-
tinct; skin moderately thick, tough; flesh white, crisp, tender, juicy; core mediiim;
subacid, sprightly, pleasant flavour; quality good to very good; season early to mid
winter.
A handsome apple. A promising Tariety for the best apple districts. Fruit received
from W. H. Dempsey, Trenton, Ont.
Dyer (Pomme Royale). — Originated in France: — Fruit roundish; size medium;
cavity medium depth and width; stem medium length, moderately stout; basin medium
depth and width, wrinkled ; calyx closed ; colour pale yellow ; dots obscure ; skin moder-
ately thick, tender ; flesh white, very tender, breaking, very juicy, i>ear-like; core
medium size, open; mildly subacid, with a sprightly, delicious, pear-like flavour; qual-
ity best; season October. Hardy in garden of Maurice Bennett, Ottawa, from which
fruit was obtained and described.
Duke of Connaught: — Fruit oblong, conical; size large to above medium; cavity
deep, narrow, sometimes slightly russeted; stem short, moderately stout; basin mediuw
width, medium depth, wrinkled ; calyx rather small, closed ; colour golden yellow,
sparingly splashed with pink on sunny side ; dots numerous, grey, distinct but not
conspicuous ; bloom none ; skin slightly oily, moderately thick, rather tough ; flesh
yellow, firm, fairly juicy; core large, open; subacid, pleasant flavour; quality above
medium; season early to mid winter. Tree hardy and vigorous but not productive
enough.
Excelsior Crab. — Originateel in Minnesota. — Fruit roundish, angular; size very
large for a crab, about the size of a medium apple, ca^vity narrow, shallow to medium
in depth; stem long to medium, moderately stout; basin shallow to medium in depth,
narrow, slightly \\Tinkled; calyx closed or partly open; colour pale yellow, well washed
on sunny side with bright red; and extending nearly around the apple in some cases;
dots few, yellow, distinct but not prominent ; bloom slight ; skin moderately thick,
tender; flesh yellowish, tender melting, juicy ; core large, open ; subacid, pleasant
flavour ; quality good as a crab, above medium to good as an apple ; season early to mid
September. Tree vigorous and very productive. A handsome fruit, more like an apple
than a crab, but flesh has some crab characteristics.
Eameuse Noire. — Originated in the province of Quebec: — Fruit roundish conical;
size medium; cavity narrow, medium depth, slightly russeted near base; stem medium
leng-th, slender; basin narrow, medium depth, slightly wrinkled; calyx open; colour
greenish yellow well splashed and washed with dark red over most of surface ; dots few,
small, yellow, distinct; skin moderately thick, tough; flesh white, tender, crisp, juicy,
a slight tinge of red in spots; core small to below medium; mildly subacid, Fameuse-
like flavour, but not as good; quality good; season mid October to mid November. Tree
productive but lacks vigour. Not as good an apple as Fameuse.
Forest — Originated in Wisconsin: — Fruit iibove medium size; form oblong to
roundish conical; cavity medium depth and width, sometimes lipped, russeted; stem
short, stout; basin medium depth and width, wrinkled; calyx open; colour gi'eenish
REPORT OF TUE HORTICULTURIST 101
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
yellow washed with deep rather dull red, mostly on sunny side; dots few, grey, dis-
tinct; skin thick, rather tough; flesh yellow, crisp, juicy; core small; subacid, good,
pleasant flavour; quality good to very good; season mid to late winter. Tree hardy.
Would be very promising if fruit was a little more attractive. Scions received from
the late J. L. BudJ, Ames, la.
Frazer's Eusset. — Fruit about medium size; form roundish to oblate, obtusely
conical; cavity medium depth, open, russeted; stem medium length, moderately stout;
basin medium width and depth slightly wrinkled; calyx small, partly open; colour
greenish yellow, sparingly splashed with purplish red on sumiy side; dots obscure;
pliin moderately thick, tender; flesh dull white, crisp, somewhat coarse, moderately
juicy; core small; mildly subacid, pleasant flavour; quality above medium to good;
mid winter to late winter. Tree hardy.
Owing to hardiness of tree, this may prove a useful apple.
Hoadjy. — Originated in Wisconsin : — Fruit oblate ; size above medium ; cavity
deep, moderately open, slightly russeted; stem short, slender; basin medium depth and
width, almost smooth to slightly wrinkled; calyx open, colour yellow splashed and
streaked with carmine ; dots few, yellow, indistinct ; " skin thick, moderately tender ;
flesh yellowish with traces of red, juicy, rather tender, briskly subacid; pleasant flav-
our; core medium; quality above medium; season October. Tree an upright grov/er,
hardy ar.d prcductive. Scions obtained from the late J. L. Budd, Ames, Iowa,
Langford Beauty (Russell).— Originated in Russell County, Ontario: — Fruit
medium to above medium in size; roundish to oblate; skin pale yellow, almost or com-
pletely covered with deep red; dots few, grey, not prominent; cavity shallow, open;
stem long, slender; basin shallow, open, slightly wrinkled; calyx closed; flesh white,,
tender, melting, juicy, subacid, with a pleasant flavour, having a suggestion of Fam-
euse about it, slightly astringent; core large; quality good; season middla of August
to middle of September. Tree vigorous. Top grafted on Wealthy at the Central Ex-
perimental Farm; it has produced good crops every other year. It ripens unevenly
end drops badly, making it more desirable for home use than for commercial purposes.
The apple described under the name of Russell in Bulletin No. 37, Experimental
Farms Series, has been found to be the same as this variety.
Lord. — A seedling of Wealthy, originated in Minnesota: — Fruit roundish conical;
size medium; cavity deep, medium width; stem medium length, moderately stout;
basin deep, narrow to medium, slightly wrinlded; calyx partly open; colour pale yel-
low almost covered with crimson; dots obscure; skin thick, rather tough; flesh white
tinged with red near skin, moderately juicy, tender; core small, briskly subacid, pleas-
ant flavour; quality above medium to good; season November.
A handsome apple, but not specially promising. Not juicy enough.
Newell (Orange Winter). — Originated in Wisconsin: — Fruit oblate conic; size
large; cavity deep, open; stem short, moderately stout; basin narrow, medium depth,
wrinlvled ; calyx open ; colour yellow, slightly washed with pink ; dots fairly numerous,
£rey, distinct; skin moderately thick, tender; flesh yellow, crisp, moderately juicy;
core medium size; subacid, spicy, good flavour; quality very good. Season, mid to
lute winter. Tree moderately productive, but not as hardy, as some others.
A pleasant dessert apple, but fruit is not attractive. May be useful.
Newtown Spitzenburg (Flushing Spitzenburg) — Originated on Long Island, N.Y. :
— Fruit oblate to roundish, conical; above medium to large; cavity deep, narrow
slightly russeted; stem short, moderately stout to slender; basin narrow, shallow,
smooth, calyx open; colour yellow, well splashed and washed with deep orange red;
dots fairly num-erous, large, grey or yellow, distinct; skin moderately thick, tough;
102 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
flesh yellow, very tender, juicy; core medium, open; mildly subacid, pleasant flavour;
quality good; season early winter.
October. — Originated in Minnesota: — Fruit roundish, angular; size medium to
below; cavity deep, medium width, slightly russeted; stem medium length, moderately
stout; basin shallow, medium width, considerably wrinkled; calyx closed or partly open;
colour yellow, splashed and washed with deep red; dots few, yellow, indistinct; skin
rather thick, tender; flesh yellowish, rather coarse, crisp, tender, moderately juicy,
briskly subacid; core medium; quality almost good; season late September and early
October. Tree vigorous and productive but fruit is very subject to dry rot making this
variety quite undesirable.
Kenaud ( Argenteuil) — Originated in Argenteuil Co., Que. : — Fruit medium size,
form oblate, irregular, angular ; cavity narrow, medium depth ; stem short, slender ;
basin medium depth and width, wrinkled; calyx closed; colour greenish yellow splash-
ed and streaked with dull purplish red; dots obscure; skin moderately thick, tough;
flesh yellowish, juicy, tender; core medium; briskly subacid, pleasant but not high
flavour ; quality above medium ; season late winter.
May be useful but is not attractive.
Springdale. — Originated in Arkansas : — Fruit roundish ; size medium ; cavity
narrow, medium depth; stem clubbed, short, stout; basin medium depth and width,
smootlh ; calyx open ; colour greenish yellow, well washed with dark red ; dots few,
yellow, distinct; skin rather thick, tough; flesh white, firm, moderately juicy subacid;
core small ; quality above medium ; season late winter. Not a very handsome apple, but
is a good keeper.
Titovka (Gipsy Girl). — Originated in Russia: — Fruit roundish conical, angular;
size large to very large; cavity deep, medium in width, slightly russeted ; stem short,
stout; basin deep, medium width, wrinkled, calyx closed or open; colour pale yellow
well splashed or almost covered with bright red ; dots obscure ; bloom none; skin
moderately thick, tender; flesh, yellow, firm, rather coarse, juicy; core small, closed;
subacid, not high flavoured ; quality medium to above medium ; season early September
to mid September. Tree hardy, vigorous and productive. A handsome apple.
Walworth Pippin. — Originated in New Jersey : — Fruit roundish, obtusely conical,
angular; size medium ; cavity medium depth and width ; stem short, slender ; basin
narrow, medium depth, wrinkled; calyx closed; colour green with a faint blush; dots
fairly numerous, large, white, distinct; skin moderately thick, tender; flesh greenish
yellow, firm, juicy; core medium size; subacid, no decided flavour; quality medium;
season late winter. Tree vigorous. Fruit does' not mature well at Ottawa.
Stone. — Originated in Vermont: — Fruit large to very large; form roundish, irre-
gular, angular; cavity narrow sometimes closed, shallow; stem short, slender; basin
narrow, shallow, slightly wrinkled; calyx partly open; colour yellowish green, splashed
and washed with dull, deep, purplish red; dots moderately numerous, grey, distinct;
pkin thick, tough; flesh yerowi-^h, crisp, tender, juicy; core small; mildly subacid, spicy,
good flavour; quality good; season mid winter to late winter.
Appearance is rather against this apple, as it is not attractive, but it is a fair
dessert apple. Tree apparently very hardy.
"Winter Rose. — Originated in Dundas county, Ontario : — Fruit oblate ; size above
medium ; cavity medium depth, narrow, lipped towards base of stem; stem short,
moderately stout; basin narrow, shallow to medium, slightly wrinkled; calyx partly
open or open; colour yellowish green well washed with dull red; dots obscure ; skin
rather thick, tough; flesh white, tender, moderately juicy subacid; core small; quality
REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST 103
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
above medium; season early to mid winter. Tree hardy, vigorous and an early bearer.
May be useful in the north.
A CLOSELY PLANTED WEALTHY APPLE ORCHARD.
Considerable interest has been shown in the results obtained from a small, closely
planted Wealthy apple orchard at the Central Experimental Farm. There are 129
u-ees now living in this orchard, occupying about oi:ve-third of an acre. The trees were
originally 10 x 10 feet apart, but a few have died. The trees were planted in the
spring of 1896. Full details regarding the returns from this orchard were published
in the annual report for 1904. In that report it was shown that the average net profit
per acre from the time of planting was $54.13, and from the time of fruiting, $106.19.
There was a heavy crop in the orchard in 1904, and the crop this year was medium.
The total crop produced was 1,247 gallons, of which 631 was picked fruit and 616
windfalls. Part of the windfalls was sold in baskets as they were good apples, and they
brought fair prices.
The following sal^ were made: —
SALE OF FRUIT FROM CLOSELY PLAN'TED WEALTHY ORCHARD, 1905.
Esti7nated
Sold, 203 baskets at I7i
" 22 baskets at 20c
" 2 bags at 25c
" 42 boxes (Glasgow) at $1.46 ....
Expenses, 1905.
225 baskets and covers at $5.25 per 100 *$ 11 81 $ 35 73
42 boxes at 14 J c 6 09 18 42
Freight on boxes 14 94 45 19
Commission on sales 6 92 20 93
Eent on land 0 99 3 00
Spraying 2 49 7 53
Picking fruit 9 00 27 22
Grading and packing fruit 8 41 25 44
Barnyard manure (8 tons at 50c) 4 00 12 10
Pruning ' 3 00 9 07
$87 65 $201 63
Net profit, 1905 34 09 103 13
Average net profit per acre per year, 1896-1905 59 03
" •' 1899-1905 105 75
These receipts and expenditures are estimated from about one-third of an acre
( * "^ ) and the estimated figures per acre are given on the assumption that the per-
centage of sales in boxes and baskets would be the same from a full acre, A record
is kept of the time actually spent in caring for this orchard and the other expenses
incurred. Labour is valued at 15 cents an hour. There was no expense for cultivating
since 1902, as the trees being close, cultivation is impossible. The grass that grows is
left to die down and rot. As the trees were beginning to interlace, about half of them
$ 35 52
4 40
0 50
61 32
per acre.
$107 45
13 31
1 51
185 49
,$101 74
$307 76
104 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
wore severely headed back in the spring of 1905, and the remainder will be thus
treated next spring. The apples on the trees headed back were much larger than on
the others, and while the crop was reduced somewhat the greater percentage of markct-
sble fruit compensated to a considerable extent for the loss of crop. The orchard re-
ceived a heavy application of barnyard manure in December, 1904.
EXPERIMENTAL APPLE SHIPMENT TO GLASGOW, 1905.
This year a small shipment of 80 boxes of apples was made to Glasgow by the
steamer ' Lakonia,' which sailed from Montreal on October 5.
One object of the shipment was to market the fruit raised at the Experimental
Farm to the best advantage, and another was to compare the results from dift'erent
methods of packing. Two styles of boxes were also compared. All the fruit was
shipped in boxes 10 by 11 by 20 inches, and consigned to Thos. Russell, Fruit Bazaar,
Glasgow, Scotland.
32 boxes XXX Wealthy, without any packing material in boxes, sold at 6 shillings
per box.
26 boxes XXX Wealthy, with thin layer of Excelsior and a sheet of cardboard at
top and bottom, sold at 6 shilling^ per box.
11 boxes Winter St. Lawrence, without any packing material in boxes, sold at 5
shillings per box.
11 boxes Patten's Duchess (Myers folding boxes), without any packing material
in boxes, sold at 4 shillings per box.
Total receipts for 80 boxes $ 109 09
Freight on goods : River and Harbour Duties, &c.. Marine
Insurance: Commission and guarantee 33 91
Cost of boxes 11 65
Sorting and packing 14 40
Total expenses $ 59 96
Net profit $ 49 13
While the profit on this shipment is not large, it is very fair for autumn apples.
In a small shipment of this kind the price of boxes and the cost of sorting and packing
are greater than they would be if large quantities were handled.
The following correspondence was received regarding this shipment : —
' Glasgow, October- 28, 1905.
* We beg to send you herewith account sales for your consignment of 80 boxes of
apples ex S. S. ' Lakonia ' and draft for L 15-8-9 sterling in payment of net proceeds,
which please acknowledge. I trust the result of this experimental consignment will be
satisfactory to you, and have to report that the fruit arrived here in good condition,
and we could see no difference in quality or landing condition of the Wealthy packed
witli Excelsior and the difference in boxes did not seem to make any difference in the
carrying of the fruit, for although the Patten's Duchess packed in the new style of
box (Myer's folding box) made only 4 — as compared with 6 — for the Wealthy, still this
is accounted for by the fact that Wealthy are a much more popular apple here.'
(Signed) THOMAS RUSSELL.
Apple shipment to Winnipeg: — Fifty boxes of apples, consisting of Antonovka,
Golden White and Anis were shipped to Winnipeg on September 21, 1905. After de-
ducting freight and commission the net return from this shipment was $35.10, or about
70c. per box.
REPORT OF TEE HORTICULTURIST
105
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Final statement of shipments made in 1904: — In the Annual Report for 1004 a
statement was made regarding six trial shipments of apples to Ireland and Scotland.
The prices obtained for the fruit and other details were given in the report, but as the
charges on four of the shipments had not been received when the report was published
it was not possible to give the profit or loss. As the markets were glutted with fruit
when the apples were sold, and hence the prices obtained small, there was a small loss
on these four shipments, although the other two gave fair profits. The net returns from
the 350 boxes in question were $78.87, or 22.53 cents per box. The boxes cost 14ic. each
and deducting this from 22 -SSc. there are left but 8c. for sorting and packing, which
docs' not cover the cost of this work.
IKDIVIDUALITY OF FRUITS.
In the annual report for 1903 attention was drawn to the marked difference in
yields of trees of the same variety of apple planted at the same time and under ap-
parently very similar conditions. A table was published giving the yields of some
trees from the time, the first records were taken until 1903. Following will be found
the same table with the addition of -the yields for 1904 and 1905. It will be noticed
that Wealthy, Tree 4; McMahan White, Tree 1; Mcintosh Red, Tree 1; and Patten's
Greening, Tree 1, which had yielded the most up to 1903, still prove the most produc-
tive, though some of the other trees have gained on them. It is of interest to note
the variation in yield of the different trees from year to year. Trees are being propa-
gated from the most productive and from the least productive trees in order to find
if these characteristics are retained in other trees. Top grafts have also been made
for the same purpose.
APPLES — WEALTHY.
(Planted, 1S9G)— Yielded in Gallons.
G.
7.
S.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
1.5.
16.
17.
Tree.
1899.
10
20
1-75
90
7-5
3-2.")
10
1-23
425
2 5
30
1900.
1901.
25
2 75
5
2 5
0
2-25
25
15-5
0
7-75
5
3o
0
100
n
'5
25
•25
25
25
0
25
4-5
5
•5
25
3-5
25
4 0
0
10
1902.
24 0
19 0
21-5
1903.
270
7-5
1(30
4 5
1C04.
1905.
1
0
8
0
1
0
28
0
13
0
5
0
19
0
5
0
20
0
8
0
10
0
13
5
19
0
8
0
10
0
23-5 1
16-
(1
Total
Yielf]
1899-1905
39 0
39 0
37-5
103 25
88-25
59-75
72-5
45 5
80 0
68-75
750
55-0
750
67-5
83 25
7G-25
50 0
106
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
APPLES — JICMAIIAN WHITE.
(Planted, 1888)— Yielded in Gallons.
Total
Tree.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1005.
YieM
1H!19-1905
1
62- 0
830
20
147 0
1-5
141 0
400
47G:)
2
420
10
6
0
12
5
980
23
0
IIGO
30
0
32;S 5
3
320
35 0
290
49
3t
0
5
IS
4
0
0
550
03 0
03
34
5
0
5(1 0
07 0
lOS
GO
0
0
410-5
30G-5
5
37-5
4-5
55
4G
0
0
49
0
5
"hiih"
C.l
43
0
0
"72"6'"
98
90
0
0
300-5
()
29 0
360-5
7
•5
70
9-5
9-0
19
27
5
0
4
9
0
0
190
530
39
15
5
5
140
540
3;
35
0
5
143 0
8
210 0
APPLES — MCINTOSH RED.
(Planted, 1890)— Yielded in Gallons.
Tree.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
Total
YieM
1899-1905
1
17-5
10
260
9-5
370
10-5
6-5
1-0
71-5
37-5
94-0
310
12-0
CO
109-0
72-0
373-5
2
168-5
APPLES — patten's GREENING.
(Planted, 1892)— Yielded in Gallons.
Tree.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902,
1903.
1904.
1905.
Total
Yield
1899-1905.
1
2
3
27 0
20
20
13-0
1-0
20
GO
310
35-0
14-0
1-5
6-5
190
1-5
190
40-5
5
710
24-0
220
120
17-5
15-0
55-5
67-0
15-0
21-0
84-0
7-5
260
45-0
54-0
34-0
06-0
G9-0
45-0
75-0
269-5
194-0
259-0
4
136-5
5
188 0
PLUMS.
There was a good crop of plums this year, but most of the fruit consisted of
Americana and Nigra varieties. A few European or Domestica plums had a light to
medium crop. The largest crop of Domestica plums was from the Mount Royal, one
of the Montreal seedlings. The Mount Eoyal and Eaynes are two of the hardiest of
those seedlings and are very desirable plums. The Americana plums sold well. There
were 457 baskets sold, for which $138.25 was received. The highest price received was
4Ti cents per basket, and the lowest, 22J cents. The average price was 29* cents.
One new Experimental Earm Americana seedling of merit was named this year,
a description of which follows: —
REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIIST 107
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Kilmore (Yosemite Purple Seedling): — Size large; form roundish, slightly flat-
tened; cavity medium depth and width; suture a distinct line; colour bright purplish
red; dots moderately numerous, yellow, distinct; bloom moderate; skin moderately
thick, moderately tough; flesh deep yellow, juicy; stone above medium, oval, consid-
erably flattened, almost free; sweet, rich, good flavour; quality good. Promising.
Season medium late.
CHERRIES.
As a rule the fruit buds of practically all varieties of cherries are winter-killed at
the Central Exijerimental Earm. When, however, there are no very low temperatures
there is a fair crop on a few varieties. Last winter the lowest temperature was only
20*6° F. below zero and there were no long spells of very cold weather, hence it was a
little more favourable for cherries. As a result a few varieties produced fair crops.
These were Orel 25, Vladimir, Minnesota Ostheim, Cerise d'Ostheim, Lithaur Weiclisel,
Heart-shaped Weichsel, Griotte du JSTord, and Orel 24. The best crops were on trees of
the first four varieties, which have in the past shown themselves to be of greater hardi-
ness in fruit bud than others. The Orel 25 is probably the hardiest of all.
PEARS.
Pears are not a success at Ottawa, none of the better varieties having survived.
The Flemish Beauty has proven the hardiest good pear, but the tree blights and it does
not live long. At Oka, lower down the Ottawa river, this variety succeeds well. The
Goliva Kurskaya, Dvinnoe Solovieff, and Zuckerbirn, which are among the hardiest and
freest from blight, fruited this year, but they are all of inferior quality. Some seedling
pears are being grown in the hope of getting some better hardy sorts.
GRAPES.
This was only a moderately favourable season for grapes. The crop was probably
the largest that the vines have borne and the bunches were well filled and the fruit of
good size and little affected by disease, but owing to the comparatively cool autumn and
the cool nights the grapes did not become as sweet as they sometimes do. Robins were
very troublesome and at the beginning of the season destroyed a large quantity of
grapes, a flock of these birds apparently making their headquarters near the vineyard.
The birds did not wait until the fruit was ripe the acidity of some of the varieties
apparently suiting their taste. The varieties chosen were with thin skins, such as
Canada, Brant, Peabody, Poughkeepsie and Delaware.
There were 90 varieties which ripened. As this was an unfavourable season for
early ripening, it will be useful to record the names of those which ripened first, as
these may be relied on to ripen almost every year.
Grapes ivhicli ripened earliest, 1905: — Florence, September 16, Champion, Manito,
Early Daisy, September 18; Moore's Early, Early Ohio, September 20; Moyer, Golden
Drop, Bonne Madame, Pattison, Campbell's Early, September 23 ; Janesville, Telegraph,
Marion, Jewel, Canada, September 30. Brant and Peabody were nearly all eaten by
birds, but they usually ripen about the same time as Canada.
The Lincoln (Read's hybrid) grape, which ripened early last year, did not ripen
this year until after the above named varieties, but the vines are in a low part of the
vineyard and the nights being cool ripening was delayed. This is a very promising
sort, being a heavy bearer with uniform bunches and fruit of rather good quality.
108 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Of grapes not yet described in this report the following is a rather promising va-
riety for home use, being among the earliest : —
Early Daisy : — This variety was originated by John Kready, Mount Joy, Pa.
It was first planted at the Central Experimental Earm in the spring of 1901, has
fruited for the past two seasons and has been one of the very earliest to ripen. Vine
a medium grower and up to the present time rather a light bearer. Bunch small,
moderately compact; fruit below medium size, round, black with a blue bloom; skin
thick, tough; pulp firm; stones large; sweet but not high flavoured. Quality above
medium. As early as Champion or earlier and much superior to it in quality. On ac-
count of its extreme earliness it should prove valuable for home use.
NEW BLACK CUEKANTS.
In 1S8Y, when Dr. "Wm. Saunders, Director of the Dominion Experimental Farms,
moved to Ottawa from London, Ont., he brought with him from his garden in London
about 150 seedling black currants. These had been raised by Dr. Saunders from an
extra fine seedling of a Black Naples seedling obtained by him from a former lot of
seedlings grown in 1879. There are still growing at the Central Experimental Farm
28 of the best of those brought from London, and a few others originated at Ottawa.
This number will be still further reduced in the next plantation. After eighteen
years' experience with these currants, it is possible to form a good estimate of their
relative value with other kinds now on the market. The following twelve varieties,
which are given in order of productiveness, are practically all considered eeiual to any
other named variety yet tested at Ottawa, and most of them are superior: —
Ogden : — Bush a medium to strong grower and the most productive black currant
tested. Bunches medium to small. Fruit uneven in size, below to above medium;
skin moderately thick, fairly tender; briskly subacid; quality medium; ripens un-
evenly. Season medium to late. Where great productiveness is desired and where
Eize or quality is not important, this variety is recommended.
Saunders : — Bush a strong grower and very proeluctive. Bunches medium size.
Fruit above medium to large; skin thick; briskly subaciel; quality medium. Season
medium. One of the most promising commercial varieties. This is already offered
for sale in Canada.
Kerry: — Bush a strong grower and very productive. Bunches medium to large.
Fruit above medium to large; skin thick but tender; briskly subacid; quality above
medium to good. Season medium to late. One of the most promising for commercial
purposes on account of its great productiveness and good size of fruit.
Ontario: — Bush a strong grower and very productive. Bunches medium size.
I'ruit medium to above medium in size; skin moderately thick, tender; briskly sub-
acid; quality medium to good. Kipens evenly. Season medium. Promising on ac-
count of productiveness.
Eclipse: — Bush a medium to strong grower and productive. Bunches large. Fruit
medium to large; skin moderately thick, fairly tender; subacid; quality good; ripens
evenly. Season early. Promising on account of productiveness, size and quality.
Magnus: — Bush a strong grower and very productive. Clusters medium in size.
Fruit large; skin rather thick; subacid, good flavour; quality good. Season medium.
Promising on account of productiveness, size of fruit and quality.
REPORT OF TEE HORTICULTURIST 109
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Ethel: — ^Busli a strong grower and productive. Bunches large. Fruit above
medium size; skin rather thick; briskly subacid. Quality above medium. Fruit
ripens evenly. Season medium. Promising on account of productiveness and size of
fruit.
Climax: — ^Bush a strong grower and productive. Bunches large. Fruit above
medium to large. Skin moderately thick, fairly tender, briskly subacid, good flavour;
quality good. Season medium late. One of the most promising.
Success: — Bush a medium grower, but productive. Bunches medium size. Fruit
large; skin moderately thick, tender, subacid, good flavour; quality good to very good.
Ripens evenly. Season very eai'ly. Promising on account of earliness, size of fruit
and quality.
Clipper: — ^Bush a strong grower and productive. Bunches large. Fruit medium
to large; skin moderately thick, tender; briskly subacid, good flavour. Quality good.
Fruit ripens somewhat unevenly. Season medium late. Promising.
Winona : — Busli a medium grower, productive. Bunches small to medium. Fruit
above medium to large; subacid; quality good. Bipens evenly. Season early.
Topsy: — Bush a strong grower, moderately productive. Bunches large. Fruit
above medium to large; clings well. Skin rather thick; briskly subacid; good flavour;
quality good to very good. Season medium. This originated as a hybrid between
Dempsey's Black Currant and a cross-bred gooseberry (Houghton X. Broom Girl).
From this cross five plants grew. Of these, four had gooseberry foliage and one, the
Topsy, black currant foliage and fruit.
EASPBERRIES.
The raspberry canes were bent down in the autumn of 1004 for protection as usual
and came through the winter, in most cases, in fine condition. The crop of fruit was
good this year.
Of all the varieties under test, the Herbert, a seedling originated by Mr. R. B.
Whyte, Ottawa, Ont., is decidedly the best for this district. This variety has already
been referred to and described in the previous reports, but a few more words may b<?
said of it here. It is hardy, vigorous and very productive. The fruit is of the largest
size and of good coleur, and good quality. It is not quite as firm as Cuthbert, but in
every other respect is superior to that variety at Ottawa. The Herbert is now for sale
in Canada and the United States.
STRAWBERRIES.
There were 203 named varieties of strawberries under test this year. The crop, on
the whole, was a medium one, but not so large as in some seasons, the plants of most
varieties not having made many runners in 1904, when the plantation was made, and
there being some injury from winter. In the variety tests a plantation is usually left
to fruit for two seasons, as when the plants are not set very early in the spring the
crop, the first year after planting, is not so large as the second. For commercial plant-
ing, however, it usually pays best to set the plants as early in the spring as possible,
leaving a long season for making runners and taking only one crop from a plantation,
as w'lien many runners are made the plants become crowded the second year and the
fruit is often small.
no
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903
In the following table will be found a list of the fifty varieties which have given
the best average yield in a test of from two to five years. Of these the Sample, Bus-
ter, Bisel, Glen Mary, Greenville, Beder Wood, Marie, Warfield, Enhance Barton's
Eclipse, Thompson's Late, Dora, Daisy, Howard's 41, and Splendid, are among
the most satisfactory, taking into consideration other qualities as well as yield. In
addition to the above, Bubach and Lovett are two excellent varieties for home use, and
Williams is one of the best for long distance shipment, although the Pocomoke, a firm
newer variety, has yielded better and may take its place. The Early Beauty is a
promising new early variety. The Afton, Daniel Boone and Stevens' Early, whch
have averaged a little better than Warfield in yield, are almost, if not quite, identical
with the latter variety.
O in
;- to!
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1!)
20
21
22
2o
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
3:<
31
35
36
37
.38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
P^
Name.
1 Pocomoke
15 Saixiple
42 Bisel
73 Buster
I'JO Mele
34 Glen Mary
1'.) Greenville
18 Daniel Boone
65 Stevens' Early
161 Afton
14 Splendid
121 Daisy
9|Mag^e
16 Dora .-
2aCarleton
123| Ho ward's 41
182 Enhance
3 Carrie
14GAVar field, No. 2 ...
7:^ Thom])son'.s Late. . .
129, Beder Wood
17! Early Beauty
88| Cole's Seedling. ..
5S|Lyon .
183' Barton's Eclipse.. .
101 Swindle
67|.Tohn Little
70|Wonderful
93 No Name
115|Biibach
48'Parker Earle
81j Williams
107 Marie
86 Clyde
28jTennessee Prolific, .
98 Arkansas Traveller.
155 Crescent
87 ;G. H. Caughell ....
5 Big Bobs
137JBoniba.
6 Mrs. Cleveland
4!Kansas
179 1 World's Champion.,
24 Success ■ .
133 Dr. Arp
23 1 Morgan's Favorite.
22lPrincess
47
108
95
Boynton
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REPORT OF TEE HORTICULTURltiT 111
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
COVER CROPS.
In recent years the English horse bean has proven valuable as a cover crop for
liolding the snow in winter as it is tall and does not break down much, but as no seed
could be obtained it was not used this year. It was planned to grow horse beans and
rape together this year as a cover crop, the former principally to hold the snow, and
the latter for a bottom cover. As horse beans could not be obtained, rape was sown
broadcast alone in part of the orchard on July 2S, at the rate of 8 lbs. per acre, and
when -n-inter set in averaged 17 inches in height. It formed a dense cover, killing
out practically all the weeds. Owing to the height to which it grew it should hold the
v^now well, and as leguminous crops have been used for the past nine years there
should be sufficient nitrogen in the soil for some time. In another part of the orchard
Hairy vetch, which had proven a very good cover crop, was sown in drills 28 inches
apart on July 15. By winter it had made a perfect mat in most places, but had not
made a strong enough gro^vth to hold the snow well. The most satisfactory results
are obtained from Hairy Vetch sown in drills when the seed is sown about the middle
of June.
Work in determining the amount of moisture which different cover crops take
from the soil was continued in the orchard this year by Mr. Erank T. Shutt, Chemist.
EmTGOUS DISEASES.
The Apple Spot fungus was not as bad as usual this year in most districts, but
here and there it was very bad. In the orchards of the Experimental Earm, where
spraying with Bordeaux mixture has been carried on regularly for the past thirteen
or fourteen years, there is never any trouble with this disease, it being a rare sight to
see any fruit spotted except among seedling trees which are not sprayed regularly;
while there is good evidence to show that if the orchard trees were not sprayed the
disease would soon spread.
Ripe Rot, Bro"n"n Rot, of the Plum : — This is one of the most difficult diseases to
control. At the Central Experimental Farm it did considerable injury to Americana
plums this year, notwithstanding thorough spraying. As this disease spreads by
means of spores which germinate early in the spring and penetrate the twigs from the
leaves and flower buds on which they alight, all the diseased plums which harbour
myriads of these spores should be destroyed in the fall if practicable, but as this often
cannot be done it will be seen how important it is to thoroughly spray the trees early
in the spring before the spores, which are carried from this diseased fruit, germinate.
The first spraying should be made shortly before the buds break with poisoned Bor-
deaux mixture or a sulphate of copper solution in the proportion of 1 lb. sulphate of
copper to 25 gallons of water, A second spraying should be made with poisoned
Bordeaux just before the blossoms open. These are two of the most important spray-
ings. The trees should be thoroughly sprayed again after blooming with poisoned
Bordeaux, and again about two weeks before the fruit begins to colour. When the
fruit begins to ripen they may be sprayed with the ammoniacal copper carbonate, which
will not discolour the fruit, and which should destroy many of the spores which appear
in great numbers on the mature fruit. As the disease spreads much more rapidly
from fruit to fruit when they are touching each other, thinning is a good practice if
for no other reason than to reduce this disease. Thorough spraying and thinnino- will
/essen the injury from this disease very much.
Black Rot of the Grape : — "Wliile the black rot of the grape was not nearly so
destructive this year as in 1904, and hence the results of spraying not so apparent,
fruit growers should not neglect to spray their vineyards next year, as the disease
1^2 UXPERIMEHfTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
may cause even greater loss than it did in 1904. The first spraying should be made
with Bordeaux mixture just before blossoming; the second just after the fruit hu3
set, and the third and fourth at intervals of about a week. There should then be three
sprayings with ammoniacal copper carbonate.
SPEAYING AND SPEAYING MIXTUEES.
The practice of spraying crops for the prevention of fungous diseases and insect
pests is not growing in popularity as rapidly as the good results obtained would warrant,
and notwithstanding the fact that year after year the advantages of spraying are im-
pressed upon Canadian fruit growers from many sources. Spraying at the best, how-
ever, is an unpleasant operation and when the results are not always so apparent as
killing potato beetles with Paris green, fruit growers are liable to get discouraged and
decide to let spraying alone and take their chances. No greater mistake could be made.
The good results from spraying to prevent injury from fungous diseases and injurious
insects have been so frequently proven that spraying should be carried on by every
fruit grower, just as he cultivates his field, in faith that good will result. Some years
the results are not so pronounced as in others, but spraying is an insurance and the
average results will well compensate for all the trouble and expense incurred. Thorough-
ness in spraying is, however, essential. A spraying calendar was published at the Cen-
tral Experimental Farm this year which will be sent free to any one applying for it.
This calendar gives information as to the time of spraying for the various diseases and
insect pests affecting orchard and garden crops, and the formulas for preparing the
different fungicides and insecticides recommended, and this will be found most useful
for reference.
SODA BORDEAUX (BURGUNDY MIXTURE).
The Soda Bordeaux, or Burgundy Mixture as it is known in Great Britain, is made
with carbonate of soda or washing soda instead of lime for neutralizing; the sulphate
of copper. Owing to the difiiculty of getting lime in many places in the country, and
because of the occasional clogging of nozzles by the lime when it has not been properly
slacked or strained, considerable attention has been given in Canada of late to the Soda
Bordeaux. Moreover, the experience of those who have used it in lai-ge quantities in
the old country for several years for spraying potatoes is that if it is applied when
freshly made it will adhere better than ordinary Bordeaux. At least one, and perhaps
several Ontario fruit growers have been using the Soda Bordeaux successfully for
several years in spraying apple trees for the prevention of Apple Spot fung-us. It does
not discolour the fruit as much as ordinary Bordeaux and is liked on this account.
It is not, however, recommended instead of Bordeaux mixture for spraying fruit
trees, as sufficient evidence has not yet been obtained of its relative value.
During the past season several Canadian fruit growers used the Soda Bordeaux for
the first time and with it Paris Green. Considerable injury to foliage resulted. The
cause of this injury is explained by Mr. F. T. Shutt, Chemist, Experimental Farms, in
the August number of the Canadian Horticulturist, where he writes : — ' "When Paris
green is mixed with ordinary Bordeaux it is not dissolved, but remains in suspension
and experience has shown that no injury results from the use of such a spray. When,
however, Paris green is added to Burgundy mixture it is partly dissolved by the excess
of washing soda used in the preparation of the spray and a soluble arsenical compound
formed which is more or less corrosive to foliage. It has long been known that soluble
arsenical compounds have this injurious effect upon foliage, and consequently cannot
be used in insecticidal mixtures.' In some experiments conducted by Mr. Shutt at the
Central Experimental Farm, the details of which will be found in his annual report
for this year, it was shown that injury to foliage resulted when arsenical poisons were
REPORT OF THE HORTICULTUniST 113
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
used with the Burgundy mixture. It ■will, therefore, be readily seen that no arsenical
poison should be used with Burgundy mixture for fruit trees.
In some potato experiments conducted during the past year we have not noticed
any injury to the vines from the use of Paris green with the Burgundy mixture,
although slight injury not detected, may have occurred. The formula for Soda
Bordeaux mixture was published in the report of the Horticulturist for 1902. The
following formula has been used with success for spraying potatoes for the prevention
of blight and rot, although the results were not quite as good as with ordinary Bor-
deaux. The details of the results will be found among the potato experiments in this
report.
SODA BORDEAUX (BURGUNDY MIXTURE) FOR POTATO BLLIGHT AND ROT.
Copper sulphate (bluestone) 6 lbs.
Washing soda (carbonate of soda) 7^ lbs.
"Water (1 barrel) 40 gallons. •
Dissolve copper sulphate as for Bordeaux mixture. Dissolve washing soda in
about 4 gallons of water. Pour the copper sulphate solution into a barrel, half fill the
barrel with water, then stir in the solution of washing soda, and finally fill the barrel
with water. It is now ready for use. The Soda Bordeaux adheres better to the foliage
when freshly made than the ordinary Bordeaux mixture, but it deteriorates rapidly in
this respect and must be used as soon as made. If left to stand for twenty-four hours
it will have lost nearly all its adhesiveness. The Soda Bordeaux is not recommended
in preference to the ordinary Bordeaux mixture, but where lime cannot be obtained it
may be used with good results. Furthermore, on account of its freedom from gritty
matter, there is less lUvclihood of the nozzles becoming clogged when it is used. As
washing soda is considerably more expensive than lime, this mixture costs more than
the ordinary Bordeaux mixture. If Soda Bordeaux is used for fruit trees it should
be made in the proportion of copper sulphate, 4 lbs.; washing soda, 5 lbs., water (1
barrel), 40 gallons, but no arsenical poisoti should be used with it.
NEW FOEMULAS FOR KEROSENE EMULSION.
Kerosene emulsion has for a number of years been one of the best remedies for
sucking insects, but as it is somewhat troublesome to make, efforts have been made
from time to time to find some other way in which kerosene could be safely used as
•an insecticide. As kerosene does not mix with water it is necessary to apply it in the
form of an emulsion in order that it may be well distributed, and thus not cause in-
jury to the tree.
In 1904 Prof. Close, of the Delaware Experiment Station, discovered that lime
could be used instead of soap as an emulsifying agent. By mixing 1 lb. of limoid, or
slaked lime, with 1 quart of kerosene and then diluting with water to tlie percentage
desired and churning for five minutes by means of the liquid pumped through a
coarse nozzle, an emulsion was formed which kept the kerosene in suspension for
several weeks. He called this mixture the K-L Mixture, from the initial letters .of
kerosene and limoid. Limoid is a very fine preparation of lime manufactured in the
United States and not obtainable in Canada. In order to learn if good lime, well
slaked would not answer the same purpose, several experiments were planned and car-
ried out in the chemical laboratory at the Central Experimental Farm in conjunction
with Mr. F. T. Shutt. Chemist. The following results were obtained: —
1. Freshly slaked lime makes a smoother emulsion and one that stays in suspension
longer than one made with ordinary air slaked lime; the latter, however, furnishes a
satisfactory emulsion if it is not too much carbonated by long exposure to the air.
16—8
114 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
2. By using lime slaked immediately before mixing the quantity may be materially
reduced, A perfect emulsion can be made by slaking ^ lb. of good quick lime and emul-
sifying with 1 quart of kerosene and 2 gallonis of water.
A further advantage in using freshly slaked lime for orchard purposes lies in the
fact that it more thoroughly whitens the trees than the emulsion made with the air-
slaked lime. This enables the operator the easier to observe the degree of thoroughness
with which the spraying is done.
3. By the use of freshly slaked lime less time is needed for the churning in order
to bring the mass to a perfect emulsion. From three to five minutes will be found suffi-
cient to make the emulsion.
4. It is not apparently a matter of much moment that the lime be dry and powdery
when mixed with the kerosene. Excellent emulsions have been made both from the air-
slaked and freshly slaked lime when they have been quite moist or even made into a
♦hin cream with water before adding the kerosene.
FLOUR EMULSION.
Wliile conducting the experiments already referred to, it was discovered by ^Ir.
Shutt that flour could be successfully substituted for lime. It was found by experiment
that 8 ounces of flour was sufficient to hold in suspension 1 quart of kerosene, and even
2 ounces would make a temporary emulsion for immediate use. If the flour were
scalded before adding the kerosene 2 ounces were found sufficient to make an emul-
sion which would stay up for more than a week. The operation of making kerosene
emulsion with flour is very simple. The kerosene is first poured into a dry pail or
barrel, the flour is then added and the two stirred together. Water is now added to
make the desired percentage and the emulsion is then made by churning vigorously
for about four or five minutes. If made in the proportion of 1 quart kerosene to 2
gallons of water the emulsion will contain about 11 per cent of kerosene, which is a
safe amount to use for most plants in summer. The flour emulsion is smooth, readily
and easily atomized, and does not clog the nozzle. Although no free kerosene will
appear for several days at least, any separation into layers may be readily overcome or
remedied by simply stirring the mixture.
When the flour em.ulsion is used there is no noticeable whitening of the tree or
foliage, which is an advantage where ornamental shrubs are to be treated and where
the whitening of the foliage is objectionable, but this is a disadvantage, however, in
spraying fri;it trees where the thoroughness of the work is of prime importance, as
when the flour emulsion is used one cannot so readily see if the work has been well
done. The chief advantages of the flour emulsion are that it is easily made, and also
can be used when good lime cannot be obtained. This flour emulsion may be added to
Bordeaux mixture, and Bordeaux mixture and Paris green if desired.
Experiments conducted at the Central Experimental Farm this year to test the
eSect of the lime and flour kerosene emulsions were not conclusive, but the indications
are that these emulsions are not so effective as the ordinary kerosene emulsion made
with soap, the soap evidently playing an important part in the destruction of sucking
insects.
In reply to a letter addressed to Mr. E. D. Smith, M.P., who had used the Kero-
sene Emulsion made with flour in fighting aphis on his nursery stock in 1905, the fol-
lowing letter was received: —
Dear Sm, — ^Yours to hand in regard to the kerosene emulsion with flour. It
worked very well. We had no trouble when it was thoroughly agitated. We had no
damage from tlie use of it, as we have had in previous years when made in the old
v;ay.
Yours truly,
E. D. SMITH.
REPORT OF THE HORTICVLTVRIST 115
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
VEGETABLES.
farmers' list of best vegetables.
The results of variety tests of vegetables for the past eighteen years are sum-
marized in the following table, where a list is given of the varieties of each kind of
vegetable which are considered the best to plant:
Asparagus. — Conover's Colossal is the best all round variety, but this is more
"ubject to rust than Palmett-o or Argenteuil.
Beans. — Keeney's Rustless Golden Wax or Wardwell's Kidney Wax, for early
crop; Early Refugee, for medium; and Refugee or 1,000 to 1, for late crop, are the
most satisfactory dwarf varieties. Asparagus, Lazy Wife and Old Homestead are
three of the best pole varieties.
Beets. — Egyptian Turnip, Meteor and Eclipse are three of the best.
Borecole or Kale. — Dwarf Green Curled Scotch is the best.
Broccoli. — ^White Cape.
Brussels Sprouts. — Improved Dwarf is the most satisfactory.
Cahhage. — Early Jersey Wakefield (early), Succession (medium), Late Flat
Dutch. Houser, Drumhead Savoy (late), Red Dutch (red), is a select list of the best
varieties of cabbage. For extra early use, Paris Market is desirable, being a week
earlier than Early Jersey Wakefield.
Cauliflowers. — Early Dwarf Erfurt and Early Snowball.
Carrots. — 'Chantenay is one of the best, but if a good extra early sort is required
the Early Scarlet Horn can be planted with advantage. It is a small variety.
Celery. — Golden Self -Blanching (Paris Golden Yellow), Improved White Plume
(early). Perfection Heart-well, White Triumph, London Red (late) are among the
best.
Corn, — Early Fordhook, Early Cory (early), Crosby's Early, Golden Bantam,
Henderson's Metropolitan (second early). Perry's Hybrid, Stabler's Early, Early
Evergreen, and Black Mexican (medium), Stowel's Evergreen, Countiy Gentleman
(late). In planting, the Country Gentleman should not be omitted, as it lengthens
the season very considerably and is of fine quality.
Cncumhers. — ^Peerless White Spine or White Spine, Cool and Crisp, and Giant
Pera are three of the most satisfactory slicing varieties. Boston Pickling is a good
pickling sort.
Egg Plant. — New York improved and Long Purple succeed best.
Lettuce. — Black Seeded Simpson, The Morse, (early curled) ; New York, Giant
Crystal Head, Crisp as Ice, and Improved Hanson (curled cabbage) ; Improved Sala-
mandar. Tennis Ball (cabbage); Trianon and Paris (Cos lettuce).
Melons, Mush. — Long Island Beauty, Hackensack and Montreal Market, of the
Nutmeg type ; Surprise, Christiana and Emerald Gem, of the yellow fleshed types, are
all good.
Melons, \Yater. — Cole's Early, Salzer's Earliest, Ice Cream, Phinney's Early are
good early water melons.
Onions. — Yellow Globe Danvers and Large Red Wethersfield are two of the best
onions in cultivation.
Parsnips. — Hollow Crown and Dobbie's Selected are both good sorts.
Parsley. — Doubled Curled is as good as any.
Peppers. — Cayenne, Chili and Cardinal, are three of the best.
16— 8i
116 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Pease. — Gregory's Surprise, Thos. Laxton, Gradus, American Wonder, Premium
Gem (early); McLean's Advancer, Nott's New Perfection, Heroine (medium). JSTone
of these are tall growing- varieties. Stratagem, Juno (dwarf). Telephone (late). Ex-
celsior is a promising second early sort.
Potatoes. — Extra early; Rochester Rose, Early Ohio, Early Andes (pink), Bovee,
Burpee's Extra Early (pink and white), Snowball and Eureka Extra Early, (white) ;
early; Early White Prize (white), Vick's Extra Early (pink and white). Main crop;
Carman No. 1 (white). Money Maker (white), Burnaby Mammoth (pink and white),
Late Puritan (white), Dreer's Standard (white).
Radishes. — Early; Scarlet White-tipped Turnip, Rosy Gem, French Breakfast,
Red Rocket (red) ; Icicle (white) ; late: White Strasburg, Long White Vienna; winter:
Long Black Spanish, Chinese Rose-coloured.
Bhuha}-h. — Linnaeus, Victoria.
Salsify. — Long White, Sandwich Island.
Spinach.- — Victoria, Thickleaved.
Squash. — Early: White Bush Scalloped, Summer Crook Neck; late: Hubbard.
Tomatoes. — Early; Sparks' Earliana, Chalk's Early Jewel; Main crop: Brinton's
Best, Trophy, Matchless (scarlet), Burpee's Climax, Autocrat (purplish pink).
There are many varieties of tomatoes which are almost equal in excellence and
productiveness.
Turnips. — Early; Extra Early Milan, Red Top Strap Leaf.
Swedes. — Champion Purple Top, Skirving's Improved.
POTATOES.
Although the potato crop in some parts of the provinces of Ontario and Quebec
was much reduced this year owing to Blight and Rot, the yields in the experimental
plots were good, and there was little rot there. The thorough spraying with Boi\leaux
mixture which the vines received was undoubtedly the cause of such good results in
an unfavourable season. In the uniform test plots the highest yield was obtained
from the Dalmeny Beauty, a variety obtained from Scotland in 190i, which yielded
at the rate of 475 bushels 12 lbs. per acre this year. This is an exception to most
varieties from Great Britain, which usually gi\'e comparatively poor results here.
The potatoes were planted in good sandy loam soil on May 22. The previous crop
was tobacco, which had been well manured. The soil was ploughed in the autumn
f ud again in the spring after which it was disc harrowed twice, and harrowed once
with the smoothing harrow. The drills were made 30 inches apart and about 4 inches
riecp with the double mould board plough. The sets, which had at least three good
eyes, were dropped one foot apart in the drills. Sixty-six sets of each kind were
planted aud covered with the hoe. The land was harrowed before the potatoes ap-
peared above ground in order to kill weeds, and then kept thoroughly cultivated as
long as possible. Practically, level cultivation was practiced, although the soil was
drawn slightly towards the plants. The vines were sprayed with Bordeaux mixture
five times and with Paris green when necessary. The potatoes were dug on October
5. Last year new seed of the Carman No. 1 and Carman No. 3 potatoes were ob-
tained from the introducers, J. M. Thorburn & Co., Philadelphia, to compare the
yield with those from seed which had been grown at the Central Experimental Farm
for the past nine seasons. The difference in yield last year in favour of the new seed
of Carman No. 1, was at the rate of 66 bushels 36 lbs. per acre, and of Carman No. 3,
171 bushels 36 lbs. The crop from these strains was kept separate and planted again
this year with somewhat similar results, the new seed of Carman No. 1 yielding at
the rate of 92 bushels 2i lbs. more, and of Carman No. 3 at ttc ra<:e of 66 bushels
more per acre than the Experimental Earm seed. These results are very marked and
indicate the benefits which are at least sometimes derived from a change of seed.
REPORT OF TEE nORTICULTURIST
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Potatoes — Test of Varieties.
117
Name of Variety.
Medium and Late Varieties.
Dalmen y Beauty . .
Rural Blush
Ashleaf Kidney
Manistee .
Norcro.ss
Carman No. 1 (New Se d, I'JOl) . .
Sabean's Elephant
Canadian Beauty
I. X. L
Pearce
Ionia
Ciay Rose
Morgan's Seedling
Empire State
American Wonder
fjeedling No. 7
Morgan's White
Holborn Abundance
Dooley ...
Delaware
Vermont Gold Coin
Carman No. 3 (^ew Seed, ly04) . . .
Enormous
Dreer's Standard
Late Puritan
Uncle Sam
Carman No. 1
State of Maine
Buruaby INIammoth
Empress Queen
Money Maker
Rose No. 9
Swiss Snowflake
American Giant . .
Doherty's Seedling
Carman No. 3
Vick'sNo. 9
White Albino
Charles Fidler
Mammoth Pearl
Dr. Maerker
Cambridge Russet
Evergood
Xortheru Star , .
•Tubilee
Hibernia
Maiden's Recorder
Quality.
Good.
Med. to g.
Good
Medium.
Good
Med. to p.
Medium. .
Good
Good . . . .
Mediiun .
Good....
Good.
Total
Yield per
Acre.
Bush. Lbs.
Medium .
Good. ..
Good.
475
462
435
422
418
413
404
396
396
391
382
378
374
369
369
365
365
360
356
356
.347
343
343
334
330
321
321
316
316
30,S
299
294
286
281
277
277
277
277
272
204
255
228
228
224
198
193
17
12
36
24
36
48
36
48
24
36
36
12
12
48
24
24
3(5
12
12
24
12
12
48
48
12
48
36
12
12
12
12
48
12
48
48
24
36
36
Yield per
Acre,
Maiketable
Bush. Lbs.
426
431
396
374
391
369
360
374
3 5
347
347
334
343
338
330
33 1
308
316
325
316
308
325
303
308
308
290
286
2.«1
272
228
228
272
250
242
264
255
242
224
246
250
154
206
102
154
171
110
48
12
36
36
48
12
36
36
24
12
48
24
48
36
48
36
36
24
30
48
48
48
48
48
12
24
24
48
48
48
36
Yield per
Acre,
Unmarket-
able.
Bush. Lbs.
30
39
48
26
44
44
22
30
44
35
44
30
30
39
30
57
44
30
39
39
17
39
26
22
30
35
35
44
79
70
22
35
39
13
22
35
52
26
13
101
22
00
70
26
83
17
24
48
36
24
24
48
i2
48
48
36
48
12
48
36
36
36
o6
24
■is
12
12
i2
24
12
36
12
12
48
24
12
12
24
24
36
36
Colour.
White.
Pink.
White.
Bright pink.
White.
Pink and white
White.
Pink.
Pink and white.
White.
Bright pink.
White.
Pink and white.
White.
Pink.
White.
Pink and white.
Deep pink.
White
118
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Potatoes — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
(Quality.
Early Varieties.
Good.
Good. ,
Maule's Thoroughbred
Country Gentleman
Crine's Lightning
Rochester Rose
Reeve's Rose -
Viek's Extra Early
Early Carter
Early Rose
Clarke's Pride
Everett
Irish Cobbler
Daybreak
Quick Crop
Rawdon Rose |
Penn Manor Good.
Early White Prize n .
Peck's Early ,■
Pingree
Early Sunlight . I
Northern Beauty ... . . I
Early Johnston
Bovee Good.
Early Elkinah
Early Ohio
Early Andes
Eureka Extra Early
Snowball
p]arly Superior
Early St. George Good.
Burpee's Extra Early
Early Envoy
Van Orman's Earliest ...
Total
Yield per
Acre.
Bush. Lbs.
396
382
374
352
343
338
321
294
290
290
290
290
286
281
281
272
268
268
2C8
264
259
250
246
246
246
242
224
211
198
176
162
114
48
12
48
12
48
24
24
24
24
36
36
48
24
24
24
36
48
24
24
24
24
12
48
24
Yield per
Acre,
Marketable.
Bush. Lbs.
360
347
347
303
308
312
290
259
242
242
242
233
250
255
250
242
242
220
215
228
224
176
224
220
220
176
198
162
162
132
132
83
48
36
36
36
24
24
36
12
48
12
48
36
48
24
24
48
48
Yield per
Acre,
Unmarket-
able.
Bush. Lbs.
35
35
26
48
35
26
30
35
48
48
48
57
35
26
30
30
26
48
52
35
35
74
22
26
26
66
26
48
35
44
30
30
12
12
24
24
12
24
48
12
24
24
24
12
12
24
48
48
24
24
48
12
12
48
24
24
24
24
12
48
Colour.
Pink.
1 and white.
Red.
Pink.
I and white.
White.
Pink.
White.
Pink.
White.
Pink.
ti and white.
Pink.
White.
Pink.
Pale pink.
Pink and white.
Pink.
White.
Pink.
11 and white.
Bright pink.
Twelve best Yielding Potatoes — A^t:rage of Five Years, 1901-05.
Name of Variety.
Number
of Years
under
Test.
Season.
Dr. Maerker
Late Puritan
i Carman No. 1
Money Maker
Rural Blush
Dreer's Standard
*Burnaby Mammoth.
I Pearce
I. X. L
10 Canadian Beauty
11 Clay Rose
12 Sabean's Elephant. . .
7
12
11
11
17
12
13
6
13
8
11
11
Very late . .
Late
Medium late
Medium ....
Late , .
Medium .
Late
Colour.
White.
Pink and reddish.
White
Pink and white.. .
Quality.
Medium to
Good
Deep pink. ...... ^Medium.
White iGood . . . .
Average Yield
per Acre,
19U1 to 1905.
Bush. Lbs.
456
452
447
439
438
434
427
425
422
422
420
418
43
46
55
7
11
17
41
2
50
24
38
* This variety was first grown under the name of Burnaby Seedling, and then procured under the nam^
of Burnaby Mammoth. The average yield given is from the new strain for two years, and the old one for
three years.
Smaller plots of potatoes. — This year a much larger number of varieties than
usual was tested for the first time. A number of these was imported from Great
Britain, but in most cases those from this source did not yield nearly as well as those
REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST 119
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 •
from Canada or the United States. Our season is apparently too short for most of
the varieties from Great Britain. Some of the new varieties were tested in the uni-
form test plots, but the following 44 sorts were grown in smaller plots. Of these, three
were new strains of old varieties obtained from the Ontario Agricultural College,
Guelph.
Potatoes — ^Yields from S:maller Plots.
Name of Variety.
Harris Snowball
Snider Best Early .
L. A.. Sovereign, Round Plains, Man.
Merrill . .
Early Pride
Hard to Beat
Potentate
Enrly May
Woltman
Star ot the East
Fan tail Rose
Pearl of Savoy (0. A, C.)
Empire State (O. A. C.)
Wee MacC^regor
Wiiite Mammoth . .
Early Trumbull
Early Bird
Uncle Gideon's Quick Lunch
NauEfht Six .
Early Excelsior
Washington
Noroton Beauty
Million Dollar
American Wonder (O . A . C . )
New Reliance
Standard
Burpee's Extra Early (Burpee). ......
Babbit.
New Climax .
Canadian Red
Sutton's Sion House
Dewey
The Scot
Duke of York ,
Early Hero
Vicktor
Peacemaker
Kightyfold
Ninetyfold
vSnowdrop
Pride of Tonbridge
Sir John Llewellyn
Sharpe's Victor
Myatt's Ashleaf
Number
of Sets
Planted .
8
4
8
33
16
16
16
33
8
33
16
16
33
16
16
8
8
16
16
16
8
16
16
16
16
33
8
16
16
16
16
12
16
16
16
16
33
16
33
33
33
33
33
Total Yield
per Acre.
Bush. Lbs,
oC2
544
508
526
475
471
453
435
431
417
413
381
381
378
363
363
363
363
363
353
353
326
326
326
317
299
295
290
272
271
254
245
242
199
181
163
163
136
136
114
105
88
70
39
30
12
21
12
53
45
36
12
27
36
9
8
24
55
55
42
41
32
37
28
12
24
14
45
6
1
39
30
21
21
24
24
36
24
4S
Yield
per Acre
Marketable
Bush . Lbs .
544
490
471
508
378
381
381
363
352
399
343
344
299
343
308
326
326
290
272
335
317
290
317
299
254
245
246
217
190
235
199
217
193
145
145
145
127
114
90
70
79
61
30
3
54
12
24
9
9
18
12
51
28
12
33
42
42
24
15
46
37
24
37
19
6
1
24
48
34
27
39
48
36
12
12
12
3
24
45
24
12
36
Yield
per Acre
Un-
marketable.
Bush . Lbs .
18
54
36
18
96
90
72
72
79
18
70
36
81
35
54
36
36
72
90
18
36
36
9
27
63
54
52
72
81
36
54
27
48
54
36
18
36
22
45
44
26
26
70
52
9
27
18
9
48
45
36
36
12
9
24
18
48
12
27
18
18
36
45
9
18
18
4
13
31
27
48
36
40
18
27
13
24
27
18
9
12
21
24
24
48
POTATOES— TEST OF EESISTANCE TO BLIGHT.
An experiment was conducted this year to determine whicli varieties of potatoes
were freest from Might, and which of those freest from blight would prove most pro-
ductive. The potatoes were planted side by side on May 27 in sandy loam soil, 33 sets
of each kind being used. The plants were sprayed with Paris green to protect them
from the potato beetle, but no Bordeaux mixture was used. Level cultivation was
adopted. The kinds planted were those which in previous years had shown themselves
freest from blight, but a few less resistant varieties were used with the object of giving
the disease a foothold. Thirty-two varieties were planted. The Ilolborn Abundance,
120
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
which has been ^own at the Central Experimental Farm for the past seventeen years,
proved to be the most blight resistant as well as one of the most productive. It yielded
at the rate of 816 bushels 48 lbs. per acre. About equally as resistant to blight but
much lower in yield were: June, 189 bushels 12 lbs. per acre; Bust Proof, 118 bushels
48 lbs. per acre; Sutton's Discovery, G6 bushels per acre. Almost equally resistant
were Clay Eose, 215 bushels 36 lbs. per acre ; Rural Blush, 206 bushels 48 lbs. per acre,
and Dx. Maerker, 158 bushels 24 lbs. per acre, and State of Maine, 149 bushels 36 lbs.
per acre. The dates when the tops showed the first signs of disease; when the leaves
were dead; and when the stems were dead, were all noted and the yield per acre rc-
dorded of atl the varieties tested.
The disease did eventually attack the foliage of those most resistant and as these
are all late varieties some of them did not yield as much as other earlier kinds a little
less resistant. The disease developed early this year, which accounts, no doubt, for the
fact that the yields from some of the most blight resistant but latest varieties were
comparatively small. It is evident that a variety can be so late in season that it will
not resist blight long enough for a crop to be developed which will equal a variety a
little earlier in season though apparently not so resistant. The potatoes from the best
hills of the most blight resistant varieties were saved for the purpose of continuing this
test in the hope that by careful selection more productive and more blight resistant
strains will be developed.
Spraying Potatoes to Prevent Blight and Rot. — The prevalence of blight and rot
in the provinces of OntaTio and Quebec this year will, it is hoped, draw the attention
of farmers more than it has done in the past to the value of Bordeaux mixture in pre-
venting this disease. During the past fourteen years experiments have been conducted
at the Central Experimental Earm with the object of testing different remedies, but up
to the present time nothing has proven as satisfactory as Bordeaux mixture. An esti-
mate of the cost of applying Bordeaux mixture has been given in previous reports and
♦iiis,a bulletin on potato culture published this year. Briefly stated, it may be said that
the cost of four applications per acre was estimated at $5.52. As this estimate was
based on comparatively small plots it would be somewhat reduced on large areas. As
the disease may make its appearance any time during the latter part of July, it has
been found to be the best practice to spray about the middle of July, or even before, if
one has to spray for the potato beetle about that time. The formula recommended ia :
6 lbs. bluestone, 4 lbs. lime, 40 gallons water.
Following are the results obtained from the use of Bordeaux mixture, including
this year. It will be seen that the average increase from spraying for four years is at
the rate of 92 bushels 31 lbs. per acre. At 40c. a bushel this would mean an average
net profit per acre from the use of Bordeaux mixture of about $30, deducting the cost
of application.
1901.
1902.
1904.
190.5.
1901 2-4-5.
tj ' 1 D '
■ ■Mil
o -jT? 3 a
0 § > fl
Ct g 1 > C
S -g OJ ' G
&^ £ O P
a J w S 3
^^^^^
•^^ CM-
e yield
Lif Mar
Potato
ayed
and
ed.
e yield
of Mar
Potato
ly ed
and
ed.
0 yield
of Mar
Potato
ay ed
and
ed.
e yield
of Mai
Potato
lyed
and
ed.
be Z V >>
SC tl 5R >>
to il S >»--
tc t! ? ■^■
aj 0.5 .7.- a.
ver
acr
abl
Sp
tun
spr
> c3 c3 C»i -U M
> C3 ciCcO «
<
<
<
<;
<
rfi
j=
^
rC
^
P ^
s ^
3 .fi
3 .^
3 p^
pa 1-3
P hJ
ea 1-3
P2 1-5
M hJ
Sprayed
333 43
310 12
3G9 21
228 4
310 20
Unsprayed
233 11
189 51
30G 39
141 32
217 49
Average increase in yield per acre of
Marketable Potatoes from spraying
with Bordeaux mixture
100 32
120 18
62 42
80 32
92 31
REPOltr OF THE nORTICULTURIST 121
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
POTATO SPRAYING EXPERIMENTS, 1905.
This year five comparative experiments were made, there being eighteen varieties
in each test. The potatoes were planted on May 2G, 33 sets of each variety being used.
Level cultivation was adopted. The figures given are the averages of the eighteen
kinds tested. This experiment was practically the same as was conducted in 190-i,
and in the report for that year fuller details are given regarding the different for-
mulas and the relative cost of application. The Bordeaux mixture, Soda Bordeaux,
and Bordeaux mixture and Bug Death were each applied five times. With the two
first, Paris green was added when necessary. Where Bug Death alone was used it was
applied twice dry and four times with water.
Average Yield per Acre MarJcetahle Potatoes, 1005 (IS varieties).
Bush. Lhs.
Bordeaux mixture and Paris green 228 4
Soda Bordeaux and Paris green 211 27
Bordeaux mixture and Bug Death 182 7
Paris green only 141 32
Bug Death 107 33
TOMATOES— TEST OF VAEIETIES.
The tomato is such a popular vegetable that it has received much attention in
the horticultural department. Practically all the varieties which have been offered
for sale have been tested during recent years, the greater part of which have now been
discarded, although 54 sorts were tested this year.
The Bright and Early, which heads the list for productiveness this year, has nearly
always been one of the most productive. It is, however, too small for commercial
purposes, but where weight of crop is the chief consideration this should prove a very
valuable variety. It is smooth, regular in shape and of an attractive scarlet colour,
but is below medium to small in size. The main crop varieties, which have averaged
best in productiveness in the past and which are of good shape, are: Brinton's Best,
Trophy, and Matchless (scarlet); and Burpee's Climax and Autocrat (pui-plish pink).
The Marvel, one of the newer scarlet main crop varieties, is a very fine sort.
Among early varieties. Sparks' Earliana continues to take first place. It is the
earliest smooth scarlet tomato which has been tested. In the table containing the
list of earliest varieties for 1905, it will be noticed that Sparks' Earliana (C.E.F.)
gave by far the largest weight of early ripe fruit. This was from seed selected for
the two previous years from the earliest ripening fruits of this variety at the Central
Experimental Farm, and shows the importance of selecting and saving one's own
seed when possible. In this instance the plants from the C. E. F. seed produced
more than twice as much early fruit as that from imported seed. In addition to the
six earliest tomatoes for 1905, the Dominion Day, Frogmore Selected, and Chalk's
Early Jewel are three early varieties which produced more fruit up to August 10 than
those in the table of earliest. The reason they were not included is that they did not
produce as much ripe fruit before August 10 as some of the others, and hence could
cot be considered quite as early. The Dominion Day and ChaUc's Early Jewel were,
however, among the earliest six in 1904.
Owing to the cloudy, showery and comparatively cool summer the yields are not
as large as they have been in more favourable seasons. The seed was sown in hot-
beds on March 29, and the plants pricked out into strawberry boxes on April 25, and
kept in a cold frame until June 7, when they were planted in the open air. They were
122
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
planted four feet apart eacli way and five plants of each variety were used. The soil
was a light sandy loam. The soil was kept cultivated until the plants covered the
ground. The plants were not pruned or trained in any way in the test of varieties.
Tomatoes — Twelve Best Yieldin-g Varieties, 1905.
Name of Variety.
Q
-■5
O
C5
abb
i-
c
Yield of Ripe
Fruit per acre
to Aug. 10,
1905.
IS '5
Eh
Remarks.
Bright aad Early
July
Aug.
July
Aug.
July
Aug.
July
Aug.
July
27
2
2G
7
25
5
24
1
2
7
2G
28
24
J
1-3
4
5
10
2
G
'■A
13
8
2
3
2
8
18
N
o
12
12
12
4
12
8
12
8
a o
2,586
2,722
5,853
1,089
3,G75
1,G33
7,214
4,350
1,407
1,G,33
1,3G1
4,764
10,073
6
8
6
G
8
10
G
8
4
G
4
3
64
57
55
53
51
50
50
50
49
«
47
44
43
o
12
4
4
12
8
8
4
8
8
3
IJ
12
U
11
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
8
8
N
o
15
1
12
5
2
1
13
8
Below medium size, regular,
smooth, scarlet.
Below medium size, pear shaped.
Nolte's EarUest (C.E.F.)
Thorburn's Earliest
Nolte's Earliest
Bond's Early Minnesota.
scarlet.
Medium size, wrinkled, scarlet.
Medium size, almost smooth,
scarlet.
Medium size, wrinkled, scarlet.
Below medium size, smooth,
regular, purplish pink.
Medium size, wrinkled, scarlet.
Chalk's Early Jewel
The Marvel
Medium size, smooth, regular,
scarlet.
Medium size, smooth, very regu-
lar, scarlet, handsome.
Above medium size, smooth.
Freedom
Frogmore Selected
*Pparks' Earliana(C.E.F)
1 purplish pink.
8 Below medium to medium size,
regular, smooth, scarlet.
13 Below medium size, smooth,
scarlet.
10 Medium size, smooth, scarlet.
Tomatoes — Siz Earliest Varieties, 1905.
Sparks' Earliana (C.E.F)
Maule's Earliest . .
Money Maker . . ,
Sparks' Earliana . .
Early Ruby. . . .
Quicksure
Conqueror
July 24
18
8
M 2G
10
8
u 25
7
„ 27
7
„ 24
6
12
,- 18
5
7
„ 26
4
8 10,073 4 43
5,717 4
3,811 8
3,811 8 39 . ,
3,675 6-23 12
I
2,960 11 37
15
2,178
26
10 Medium size, smooth, scarlet,
11
Medium size,smooth to wrinkled,
scarlet.
Medium size, wrinkled, scarlet.
7
6 7
7 i3|Medium size, smooth, scarlet
12 Medium size, smooth to wrinkled,
j scarlet.
9|Medium size, wrinkled, scarlet.
5 Medium size, almost smooth
I scarlet.
* Note. — Imported seed of Sparks' Earliana yielded 39 lbs. ripe fruit of which only 7 lbs. matured, by
Aug. 10.
TOMATOES— EXPERIMENTS IN PRUNING.
In the annual report for 1904, the results of an experiment in a certain method of
pruning tomato plants were published. The exi)eriment was continued during the past
season. The seed was sown on March 10, and the plants pricked out on March 30 ; and
transplanted again into strawberry boxes on April 19. As soon r^ the plauts in the hot-
REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST
123
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
beds had six strong leaves ou them, which was on May 2 in 1905, the tops were nipped
off and the plants given more room, being placed 5J inches apart. The object of
pinching off the tops of the plant was to cause new shoots to develop at the axils of the
leaves iii order to have six branches bearing tomatoes instead of the one cluster usually
found at the top of the plant. These were planted out on June T alongside other plants
unipruned. On July 4 half of the pruned plants were again pruned, all laterals being
taken out, and the six main branches only being left. This left 20 plants for each
system. The further*advanced the axillary shoots are when the plants are set out the
larger the early crop is likely to be. In the following table will be found the results
of the experiment with Sparks' Earliana for the years 1904 and 1905, and of Chalk's
Early Jewel for 1905. It will be seen that there is considerable advantage in pruning
by this method.
Name of Variety.
Date of
First Ripe
Fruit,
11)04.
Date of
First Ripe
Fruit,
1905.
July 23
Sparks' Earliana :
Unpruned
Priined once 1-^ug. 13.
Pruned twice '-^ug. 12.
Chalk's Early .Jewel : j
Unpruned
Pruned once
Pruned twice I . .
July
July
July
July
July
July
18....
25....
25 . . .
Ripe Fi-uit I Ripe Fruit
First ThreelFirst Three
Pickings, Pickings
1904. 1905.
Lbs. Ozs.
9
6
18
Lbs. Ozs.
5 4
11
16 8
3
12
Total Yield
of
Ripe Fniit,
1904.
Lbs. Ozs.
84
137
132
10
13
Total Yield
of
Ripe Fruit,
1905.
Lbs. Ozs.
182 4
212
134 8
240 ii
256
173 12
Wliile the unpruned plants produced the earliest fruit, in the case of the Sparks'
Earliana, the yield from the pruned plants for the first three pickings in 1904 was, from
the plants pruned twice, double the crop from those not pruned ; and in 1905 more than
three times from those pruned once (merely nipped off at top) than from those not
pruned. The Chalk's Early Jewel, which is not quite so early, did not show such an
advantage. The first three pickings represented the crop up to August 4. On August
]0 the crop of ripe fruit up to that date from the unpruned Sparks' Earliana was 17
lbs. 4 ounces; from plants pruned once, 56 lbs., and from plants pruned twice, 64 lbs.
8 ounces, showing nearly four times as great a yield from the pruned as from the un-
pruned. The difference in the Chalk's Early Jewel was even greater. On August 10
the crop of ripe fruit from the unpruned up to that date was 13 lbs. 3 ounces; from
plants pruned once, or simply headed back, 41 lbs., from plants pruned twice, 58 lbs.
4 ounces. This year the price of tomatoes was still high on August 10, and hence good
returns would have been had from pruning. From the experience of 1904 and 1905 it
would appear that the most early fruit is obtained when the plants are headed back
before planting out and pruned once after planting.
TOBACCO.
The variety test of tobacco was continued this year and 49 varieties were grown.
A few of the kinds which had done well in previous years were grown in larger areas,
and following will be found a table giving the names of the varieties and the yields
obtained from each. The tobacco seed was sown in a hotbed on April 8, the young
plants transplanted to a cold frame on May 18, and set out in the open 3 by 3i feet
apart on June 8. The soil was sandy loam which had been well manured with rotted
barnyard manure. There was a hailstorm during the growing season which did much
injury to the leaves and lessened the quantity of first grade tobacco. The plants were
cut on September 14 and taken to the curing house. The tobacco was stripped during
124
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1906
the latter part of November and early in December, and experiments in fermentation
fiave been planned.
Name of Variety.
Nvimber
of
Plants.
Weigh
of
1st Grac
t Weight
of
le. 2nd Grade.
Weight
of
3rd Grade.
Total Yield
per Acre
all Grades.
Condition
when cut,
Sept. 15.
2G5
32(i
41G
383
250
585
280
Lbs. (
53
44
19
75
34
109
55
)z. Lbs. Oz.
. ...^. .....
8
24 8
2
52
4
Lbs. Oz.
12
11
19
37
7
42
10
Lbs. Oz.
1017 9
7:i5 G
458 12
1478 9
713 9
14.39 9
1022 5
Near ripe.
Little Oionoka
Ripe.
Connecticut Seed Leaf
Improved White Burley. . .
Near ripe.
Lacks
Ripe.
ARBOKETUM AND BOTANIC GARDEN.
The winter of 190i-5 was a favourable one for trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants,
as there were no very low temperatures and there was a good covering of snow, hence
there was no special injury to plants this year, although there was the usual killing-
back of the half hardy and tender species. The summer season was a favourable one
for growth and most of the specimens did well this year. There were 263 species and
varieties of trees and shrubs planted in the spring of 1905, and when the records were
completed in the autumn it was found that there was a total of 3,229 species and
varieties of trees and shrubs living in the Arboretum represented by 5,010 si)ecimens.
Among the interesting tilings planted this year may be mentioned a fine collection of
Crattegus donated by the Arnold Arboretum.
The herbaceous borders looked well this year, and additions were made to the col-
lection there, making a total of 2,041 species and varieties of herbaceous perennials
living in the autumn of 1905. There are, without doubt, some synonyms among the
trees and shrubs, as well as the perennials, not yet identified, but the num.ber of these
is not large.
Following is a record of the information which has been published in previous
reports regarding plants in the Arboretum and Botanic garden : — ■
In 1899 a catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the Arboretum which had been
tested up to that time was published conjointly by Dr. Wm. Saunders and the writer.
In this catalogue the scientific names of the trees and shrubs are arranged alpha-
betically, and when a species or variety has a common name this is also given. The
countries are named of which the trees and shrubs are native, also the year in which
they are planted. Notes on the hardiness of the specimens were published in this
bulletin.
In the annual report of the writer for 1897 a descriptive list was published of
what was considered ' the best one hundred hardy ornamental trees and shrubs,' and
' the best one hundred herbaceous perennials.' This list has proven very useful to
many persons. In the writer's report for 1898 a short ' Additional list of Herbaceous
Perennials' is given. In the report for 1899 another short descriptive 'List of Additional
Good Perennials,' and a descriptive list of ' The Best Low Growing Flowering Shrubs.'
The report for 1900 contains ' Descriptive Lists of the Best Woody and Annual
Climbers,' and that for 1901 ' A Descriptive List of the Different Species and Best
Varieties of Lilacs.' In 1902 was published ' A List of Best Spring Flowering Peren-
nials,' in 1903 a list of ' Deciduous Trees, Shrubs and Climbers with Attractive Fol-
iage, Bark and Fruit,' in 1904 ' A List of the Genera in the Arboretum with the Num-
ber of Species of each Genus.*
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906
REPORT OF THE CHEMIST.
(Fr-ink T. Shutt, M.A., FJ.C, F.C.S., F.R.S.C.)
Ottawa, December 1, 1905.
Dr. Wu. Saunders, C.M.G.,
Director, Dominion Experimental Farms,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith the nineteenth annual report of the
Chemical Division of the Experimental Farms.
Investigations have been carried on during the past year in all the more important
branches of agriculture, and many problems in connection with dairying, fruit grow-
ing, grain growing, cattle feeding, &c., have received our attentioru
Soils. — We are able to present data of an important character regarding the
accumulation of nitrogen in the soil through the growth and turning under of clover.
The results were obtained by the analysis of certain soils before and after the growth
of clover, the period of the experiment extending over two seasons. In former years
we have determined the fertilizing influence of the legumes by estimating the nitrogen
they contained and by the increase of yield in the crop succeeding them. The method
employed in the work now reported on is more direct and attacks the problem from
another standpoint. It is a matter of interest to note that the results from all three
methods practically agree, thus furnishing evidence of a most complete and satisfactory
nature respecting this economic means of soil improvement.
The study of the various factors by which the soil's moisture may be controlled
has been continued, the exi)eriments being conducted, as during 1904, on the Experi-
mental Farm at Ottawa, Ont., and Nappan, N.S. The object of the investigation has
been to obtain information that would be of assistance in the rational management of
orchard soils. Though the results here, owing to a somewhat hea-s^y rainfall, do
not show the necessity of ciiltivation, the experiments at Nappan clearly demonstrate
the injurious effect of a grain crop in the orchard and also indicate the benefit to be
derived from the dry earth mulch, in localities in which a limited precipitation prevails.
Closely associated with the growth of the legumes for soil enrichment is the ques-
tion of inoculation : Is it necessary to inoculate the soil or the seed in order to
obtain the best results with clover and Alfalfa? We discussed this subject at length
in last year's report, stating our position regarding the practical value of cultures.
This season we continued the research, using cultures kindly supplied by the Bureau
of Plant Industry, Washington, D.C., and the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph,
Ont. Though on the whole the results are more favourable than those obtained in
1904, I doubt very much if they should be construed as indicating that any general
benefit would be derived from cultures in districts in which clover and Alfalfa have
already flourished.
Chemistry of Insecticides and Fungicides. — Under this heading will be found
chapters on several interesting investigations relating to sprays and mixtures used in
the destruction of insect and fungus pests, as follows: —
(a) An account of Soda-Bordeaux and the injury to fruit trees that may result
from the addition thereto of Paris green.
(h) A discussion of some new forms of Kerosene Emulsion, including a review
of the so-called lime emulsions, and a description of certain emulsions in which flour
125
126
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
was substituted for lime. The lime emulsions were first proposed and made by Pro-
fessor Close, of the Delaware Experiment Station, and we found them fairly stable,
homogeneous, easy to spray and not clogging the nozzle. The flour emulsions, sug-
gested by the writer, were also shown to answer equally well, if required for immediate
use.
(c) The action of solutions of Formalin on the vitality of wheat has been ascer-
tained and the strength of certain brands of Formalin has also been determined. The
hirge quantity of this chemical now used in the ISTorth-west in the treatment of grain
for the prevention of smut makes the information now given timely and valuable.
(d) The relative efficiency of certain cyanides, used in the production of hydro-
cyanic acid for the fumigation of trees and shrubs for the destruction of the San Jose
scale is given.
Fodders and Feeding Stuffs. — In addition to the tabulation and discussion of a
number of analyses of concentrated feeding stuffs and condimental foods made during
the past year, we present the results of the examination of the chief field roots, and show
that marked differences in feeding value may occur. The influence of heredity or
' breed ' is also shown by examples of two well known varieties of mangels.
Sugar Beets. — Three varieties usually grown for factory purposes, Vilmorin's Im-
proved, Klein Wanzleben, and Tres Riche, as growm on the Dominion Experimental
Farms during the past season have been analysed as to their sugar content.
Well Waters. — One hundred and sixteen samples of water from farm homesteads
have been received. The tabulated results from 83 of these are given, together with a
short report on their quality from the sanitary standpoint.
Samples Received from Farmers. — The number of these continues to increase. A
large proportion of them have been examined and reported upon. This very useful
branch of our work, though affording very little material for the annual report, is one,
I believe, of immr.nse value to the farming community. It certainly entails a large
amount of labour, but as it is distinctly educative and helpful in character, it must re-
ceive attention, though at times, it undoubtedly interferes with the research work in
progress. If, however, all branches of the work of the Chemical Division are to be
maintained, further laboratory assistance will be necessary.
The following table states the number of samples received, their nature, the pro-
Tince from which they come, and those still awaiting examination.
Samples Eecebed for Examination and Report No\'ember 30, 1904, to
December 1, 1905.
REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 127
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Investigations Relating to Dairying. — These include tlie examination of milk pre-
served by hydrogen peroxide as received from Denmark (the Budde method), the ana-
lysis of a milk powder prepared from "whey, an inquiry into the volatile acid content of
two-year-old cheese, and several other matters of more or less interest. The reports of
these investigations are published in Bulletin Xo. 8, Dairy Series, May, 1905.
Grades of Wheat. — In conjunction with the Cereal Division, an investigation to
determine the value of the various grades of wheat (Manitoba Inspection Division) was
undertaken in the early months of the present year. The results are presented, to-
gether with those from the Cereal Divisi'^Ti. in Bulletin No. 50 of the Experimental
Farms Series.
The Winter Care of Manure. — This series of experiments was planned to ascertaiia
the losses of plant food that may take place from December to April when manure is
piled in large and small heaps, respectively. We are not reporting on the results this
year, as it seems desirable to confirm the data by further trials.
Correspondence. — From November 30, 190i, to December 1, 1905, the letters di-
rected to this division, in addition to those referred to us by the other departments of
the farms, numbered 1,531 ; those sent out, 1,441.
Acknowledgments. — The investigations and analyses undertaken by the Division
have satisfactorily progressed, due chiefly to the painstaking and excellent work of the
Assistant Chemists, Mr. A. T. Charron, M.A., and Mr. H. W. Charlton, B.A.Sc. My
thanks are due to them for most valuable aid in carrying out the various researches
here reported on.
Mr. Charron, in addition to his duties here, has delivered a number of lectures en
agricultural topics at Farmers' Institute Meetings, spending a month in the province
of Quebec, and another month in New Brunswick. In all, more than 60 addresses were
given.
Mr. J. F. Watson has continued to discharge his duties in connection with the
secretarial work of the division and has earned my thanl^s for the thorough and careful
manner in which everything entrusted to him has been done.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
FHANK T. SHUTT,
Chemist, Dominion Experimental Farms.
THE NITEOGEN-ENKICHMENT OF SOILS THKOUGH THE GEOWTH OF
LEGUMES.
Many analyses of exhausted or, more correctly speaking, partially exhausted soils
from cultivated areas have shown unmistakably that in the majority of cases the
soil's constituents that have more particularly been dissipated through successive crop-
ping and poor farming are organic matter (humus) and its concomitant, nitrogen.
Again, it has almost invariably been found that our virgin soils of great productive-
ness are well supplied with these constituents and that accompanying them there is a
goodly proportion of the mineral elements of plant food in readily assimilable forms.
As an illustration of the effect of continuous cropping and cultivation, without
manure of any kind, on the soil's nitrogen-content, the following cases may be cited:
During the past season samples of soils — virgin and cultivated, and from closely ad-
jacent areas — were collected in the North-west Territories and analysed. The re-
128 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
suits show a marked decrease in the percentage of nitrogen in the cultivated lands.
One series may suffice. Regarding the cultivated soil, we possess a complete and au-
thenticated record of the cropping and fallowing since the prairie was first broken,
22 years ago. It had borne six crops of wheat, 4 of barley, and 3 of oats, with fallows
(9 in all) between each crop since 1887. No manure had ever been applied. The
Fample of virgin soil for comparison was taken from an adjacent area that had never
been cultivated, the point of collection being about 120 feet distant from where the
cultivated soil sample was taken. Both samples were of a composite character and
every precaution taken to have them thoroughly representative. It may, further, be
a.dded that there is every reason to suppose that the soil over the whole area examined
was originally of an extremely uniform nature; in other words, that at the outset the
nitrogen content was practically the same for the soils now designated as virgin and
cultivated respectively. The results of the investigation are given in the following
table : —
Nitrogen.
~~ Per cent. Lhs. per acre.
Virgin soil to a depth of 4 inches -409 3,824
Cultivated soil to a depth of 4 inches -257 2,402
Diflference, or loss due to cropping and cul-
tural operations -152 1,422
Virgin soil, to a depth of 8 inches -371 6,936
Cultivated soil to a depth of 8 inches -253 4,730
Difference, or loss due to cropping and cul-
tural operations -118 2,206
Though in all probability the virgin soil has gained somewhat in nitrogen during
the period of 22 years, for that is the tendency with soils in sod, the increase could
not have been such as to materially affect the deduction that a very considerable de-
pletion of soil nitrogen has followed the practice of continued cropping with grain
and fallowing. The results show that the cultivated soil is to-day still very rich, yet
compared with the untouched prairie it is seen to have lost one-third, practically, of
its nitrogen. This is highly significant. Humus and nitrogen must be returned, either
as manure or by the occasional growth of certain enriching crops, or fertility will
inevitably decline. The productiveness of many of our soils is due largely to the
accumulation of centuries, but these stores of plant food may be and are in many places
being unduly dissipated through irrational methods and with even our best soils it
cannot be many decades before decreased yields will show the necessity of occasionally
replenishing the soil's humus and nitrogen.
The work of the experimental farms during the past fifteen years has shown that
wherever climatic conditions allow, this replenishing of humus and nitrogen, this
maintenance, and indeed increase, of fertility may be most readily and economically
accomplished through the growth of one or otlier of the legumes — a family of plants
possessing the unique and valuable property of appropriating the free nitrogen of the
atmosphere. In establishing the manurial value of the legumes, the nitrogen-content
of a number of those more commonly advised from the standpoint of soil enrichers
has been determined. The results of these analyses are to be found in several of the
past reports of this Division. Evidence has also been brought forward by determining
the yields of various farm crops following the growth of clover or other legume. The
data that we have accumulated on this important subject are volum.inous, but they all
point in the same direction — the increase of productiveness following the growth of
the legume.
M P
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REPORT OF THE CHEMIST
129
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
The experiments now to be described bad for their object the estimation of the
amount of nitrogen that became part and parcel of the soil nitrogen through the growth
of clover. By the analysis of the soil before sowing and after the decomposition of the
legume it was thought that data of a valuable character would be obtained. The work
was carried on in experimental pots and on a small plot simultaneously, soil poor in
nitrogen being purposely selected for the investigation. The plan was to determine
as accurately as possible its nitrogen content at the outlet, to sow it with clover, to
return the crop to the soil and after its decay to again determine the soil's nitrogen.
The experiments were continued over a period of two seasons.
Pot Experiments. — Twenty-one pots, each having a diameter of 8 inches and a
depth of 12 inches, were filled to a height of 9 inches with soil containing 0-0392 per
cent nitrogen. These were sown with Mammoth Red clover on May 13, 1902. The
pots were then sunk in the soil, level with the surface, so that moisture and temperature
conditions for the clover might be as nearly normal as possible. On October 13 of the
same year (1902) the crop (including the roots) was taken up, cut very fijie and re-
turned to the soil — the cut clover and the soil being thoroughly mixed. Throughout
the following winter the pots were kept in the laboratory building and the soil main-
tained in a moist condition, so that the decay of the clover might be as complete as
possible.
On June 13, 1903, the pots were again sown with Mammoth Red clover, and the
growth returned to the soil in the autumn as in the previous year. In the spring of
1904 (May 14) the soils were again thoroughly mixed and sampled, the undecomposed
fibre being carefully separated, and analysed. The result was 0 0457 per cent nitrogen.
Plot Experiment. — The plot used was %90 of an acre. Its soil to a depth of 8 inches
was removed and replaced with soil thoroughly uniform throughout and containing
0 -0437 per cent nitrogen. The plot was sown with Mammoth Red clover on May 13,
1902. During the season's growth the clover was cut twice and allowed to decay on
the soil. At the close of the season (October 17) the crop was turned under, the soil
being stirred to a depth of 4 inches. In the following spring (1903) the plot was again
sown with clover which made a very fair growth. This was cut twice and finally
turned under as during the previous year. On May 14, 1904, the soil of the plot was
sampled to a depth of 4 inches and its nitrogen-content determined. This was now
0 -0580 per cent. The following tabulated statement permits of a ready review of the
results obtained: —
ISTiTROGEX — Content of Soil before and after the Growth of Clover.
Pot Experiment.
Nitrogen.
Percentage
(in water-free
soil).
Pounds per
Acre to a depth
of 9 inches.
Before experiment
After experiment .
Gain due to two years' growth of clover
Plot Experiment.
•0392
•0457
•0065
1,076
1,255
179
Before experiment
After experiment .
•0437
•05S0
Gain due to two years' growth of clover
•0043
To a depth of
4 inches.
533
708
175
16— £
130 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD V!l., A. 1905
The data furxiisli further evidence of a very satisfactory character concerning the
manurial value of clover. In one set of trials, two seasons of clover had enriched the
soil with nitrogen to the amount of 179 Ihs. per acre, calculated to a depth of 9 inches ;
in the other, calculated to a depth of 4 inches, the increase was 175 lbs. per acre. This
nitrogen, although not present in an immediately available condition, is associated
with readily decomposable organic matter and would be set free for the use of succeed-
ing crops.*
INOCULATION FOR THE GROWTH OF LEGUMES.
A statement regarding the results of work carried on in this investigation since
1896, by the Experimental Earms, was given in the report of this Division for last year
(1904). After briefly recounting the results we had obtained from the use of German
and American cultures, the opinion was expressed that the necessity for inoculation was
by no means so great as was supposed by many; in other words, that the soil bacteria
that serve to fix the nitrogen in the legumes had been found to be widely distributed
over the Dominion. Our experience this year confirms this view. During the past sea-
son, clover plants have been received from several districts in Manitoba, all bearing
nodules on their roots. Observation has gone to show that in the majority of cases in
which there has been failure to obtain a good catch of clover that one or more of the
following causes have been to blame rather than the absence of the necessary bacteria :
Deficiency of moisture ; unsuitable mechanical condition of the soil, due to lack of
humus, inadequate drainage, or improper working of the soil; acidity or sourness of
the soil ; poor seed ; or, if the crop failed the second season, the severity of the winter.
Last season (1904) we experimented with the new cultures for clover and alfalfa
supplied by the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D.C. The results were, on the
whole, unsatisfactory, and we were consequently not in a position to report very favour-
ably. This season we have continued the investigation with the Washington cultures,
and also have experimented with those supplied by the Ontario Agricultural College,
Guelph, the latter being kindly furnished by Prof. Harrison, BacteriologLst. The trials
were conducted in pots and plots.
POT EXPERIMENTS.
These were made in clean, new flowers pots, with a diameter at the top of 11 inches
and a depth of 13 inches. The soil was a light sandy loam of poor quality. After sow-
ing, the pots were plunged, the rim (2 inches) only being above the surface of the soil.
This was done in order to avoid as far as possible sudden changes in temperature and
moisture content.
The inoculating fluids were prepared in accordance with instructions received with
the cultures. In the case of the ' seed inoculated,' the seed was imm-ersed in the cul-
tural preparation for a few minutes and then allowed to dry by exposure to the air;
with the ' soil inoculated ' the inoculating fluid was used to moisten the soil to a depth,
approximately, of one inch. The same number of seeds were sown in each pot.
j^oto, — The relatively larger increase in nitrogen obtained in the plot experiment may
be accounted for by the fact, often observed, that the greater part of the root system of the
clover lies in the first or upper six inches of soil. It is also possible that there had been
a more complete decomposition of the clover in the plot than in the pots.
REPORT OF TEE CHEMIST
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Clo\'er: Weight of Fresh Material, in Grams.
131
Date of Cutting.
0. A. C. CtJLTUEE, Sown
6th Mat, 1905.
Washington Culture, Sown
13th Mat, 1905.
Un-
treated.
Seed In-
oculated.
Soil In-
oculated.
Un-
treated.
Seed In-
oculated.
Soil In-
oculated.
July 17
August 12 .
125-7
125-8
123-2
124-2
183-3
143-2
128 6
175-3
140-5
109-7
113-7
143-5
91-9
146-4
149-4
110 0
141-3
September 30
161-9
Tot.als
374-7
450-7
444-4
3G6 9
387-7
413-2
On the date of the first cutting, July 17, no difference in vigour of gro-wth could
be observed between the O. A. C. culture pots, and the -waights of the crops then taken
sho-w- that the growth was practically the same in the treated and untreated pots. With
regard to the Washington culture pots, the same might also be said, though the crop
from the ' seed inoculated ' fell somewhat behind that of the other two pots.
The data of the second and third cutting, however, show in nearly every instance
a marked increase of growth from the treated clovers, so that the total weights of
foliage produced in the season from them exceeded those of the untreated and check
pots. Larger returns were obtained from the 0. A. C. than from the Washington
cultures ; the results, however, do not make clear whether seed or soil inoculation was
the more effective.
We may now similarly consider the dtita from the Alfalfa.
Alfalfa: Weight of Fresh Material, in Grams.
Date of Cutting.
0. A. C. Culture, Sown
6th May, 1905.
Washington Culture, Sown
9th Mat, 1905.
Un-
treated .
Seed In-
oculated .
Soil In-
oculated .
Un-
treated.
Seed In-
oculated .
Soil In-
oculated .
July 17
August 8
September 19
58-1
71-5
74-9
47 3
711
98-9
55-5
83-1
110-5
69-0
78-8
96-7
63-6
72-6
104-8
51-3
99 6
141-4
Totals
204-5
217-3 249-1
244-5
241-0
292 -3
It will be noticed that as in the case of the clover, the first cuttings of Alfalfa
showed no increase from the inoculated pots, indeed, the untreated seed in each case
gave slightly higher yields. At the time of the second cutting, the ' soil inoculated '
alone showed an advantage. An increase, however, was observed when the third cutting
was made in treated AKalfas, more especially in the ' soil inoculated ' pots. Consider-
ing the total yields, it will be seen that it is only in the latter that any benefit has
Veen derived from the cultures. The differences throughout are not large and, there-
fore, can scarcely be used as an argument to prove the practical value of the Alfalfa
cultures.
These pots, both clover and Alfalfa, are being kept over the winter in the hope
that their respective yields may be obtained next season.
16— 9J
132
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
PLOT EXPERIMENTS.
Clover, 0. A. C. Culture. — Adjoining areas of fairly uniform soil, each 33 by 32
■•"eet, were sown with inoculated and untreated seed. The date of sowing was May 9.
Owing to the appearance of weeds, the first cutting was raked off and not weighed.
The yields of subsequent cuttings were weighed as hay.
Cutting, August 9
Sept. 27
Total
From
Untreated
Seed.
Lbs.
Ozs.
15
30
13
14
46
11
From
Inoculated
Seed.
Lbs. Ozs.
20
39
59
12
1
13
Clover, Wasliington Culture. — These plots were also contiguous, each measuring
SO by 12 feet. The date of sowing was April 25. The first cutting was raked off and
not weighed, owing to weeds.
From
Inoculated
Seed.
Cutting, August 9
Sept. 27
Total
From the inoculated seed, in both instances, larger yields of hay were obtaine-d.
Alfalfa. — Owing to insiifficient drainage on one of the plots used in the experiment
with Washington culture the results were vitiated, and accordingly are not given.
With the O.A.C. culture, the plots were 33 by 22 feet, and adjoining; the soil, as far
as could be judged, was fairly uniform throughout.
Culture— Ontario Agriculture College.
From
Inoi'ulated
Seed.
Cutting, July 11
" Aug. 9
Sept. 27
Total
We could not say that inoculation had decreased the yield, the falling off is most
possibly due to other causes, but the fact remains that a heavier crop of Alfalfa hay
was obtained from untreated seed in all three cuttings.
It is to be hoped that the plants on all these plots will survive the winter, so that
the effect of the cultures during the second season of growth may be determined.
At the close of the season a number of roots, both of Clover and Alfalfa, from all
the plots were carefully examined, but no difference in either the size, number or dis-
tribution of the nodules was to be observed, indicating that the soil of the experimental
farm is well supplied with the nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
REPORT OF THE CHEMIST
133
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
THE CONTEOL OF SOIL MOISTUEE IN ORCHAKD SOILS.
EXPERIMENTS AT THE EXrERIMEXTAL FARil, OTTAWA, OXT.
Various phases of the ' cover ' croiD system have been under examination for a
number of years past in the orchards of the Experimental Farms at Ottawa, Ont., and
Nappan, IST.S., the two chief points receiving attention from the Chemical Division
being the control of the soil's moisture throughout the spring, summer, and autumn
seasons, and the increase of the soil's fertility.
These investigations have received discussion from year to year in the annual
report, so that it merely remains to state the nature of the work of 1905 and to con-
sider the results obtained.
Two series of experiments, each comprising 3 plots, were instituted. In the first
series we sought to ascertain the moisture-content of soil under a thick mulch of straw
as compared with that of a soil constantly cultivated, and consequently covered with
a dry earth mulch. A plot in which the soil was left undisturbed was also included,
with the exxjectation that its moisture-content would be found to be less than that of
either of the mulched soils.
The object of the second series was to learn the relative moisture-content of soil
carrying (a) a crop of Hairy Vetch, (h)a crop of tares, with that of a soil kept con-
stantly cultivated.
This work has been, as heretofore, carried on with the advice and co-operation of
Mr. W. T. ilacoun. Horticulturist, to whom my thanks are due for much valuable aid.
The past summer, as regards rainfall, was characterized by an ample and well
distributed precipitation, and consequently the results do not show, as they do in so
many of our previous trials, any marked advantage accruing from cultivation.
Series I., Plots A, B, and C. — The first collection of samples was made on June
5, when plot C was heavily mulched with straw. The dates of cultivation for plot A
were June 5, 15, 24, and 28 ; July 7, 22 ; August 4, 17 and 25 ; September 1, 13 and 25.
riot B was left undisturbed, but as a crop of weeds appeared it was mown July 22, to
prevent them from going to seed.
St-ries L— Conservation of Soil moisture, C. E. F., Ottawa, Ont., 1905.
Date of Collection.
June 5.
M 2G.
July 10.
M 24.
Aug. 8 .
„ 21
Sept. 5 .
„ 18
Oct. 2.
„ IG.
Rainfall.
Inches.
*2-29
3 22
1-60
212
2 54
2-45
1%
•04
1-30
1 40
Plot A.
Cultivated.
Water.
Per cent.
15 87
20-62
23-60
18-25
18-84
17-71
15 07
15-21
17-81
19-43
Per acre.
Tons. Lbs.
360
496'
655
426
443
410
339
342
414
4G0
1,012
874
1,578
1,280
1,269
1,383
217
1,648
250
1,756
Plot B.
Undisturbed.
Water.
Per cent.
-07
■21
-95
■92
■77
60
■99
-52
•14
•31
Per acre.
Tons. Lbs.
421
484
506
445
470
408
391
405
423
457
1,132
131
975
1,916
1,860
398
311
1,887
997
709
Plot C.
Mulched with Straw,
10 in. to 12 in.
Water.
Per cent.
■0/
•01
•31
•17
•63
■29
•52
■67
•95
•48
Per acre.
Tons. Lbs.
379
448
530
424
409
486
493
525
476
554
1,131
1,151
510
709
330
939
815
1,198
572
40G
* May 1 to June 5.
All three plots show a remarkable uniformity in moisture-content, due no doubt
to the high rainfall before referred to. The effect of the straw mulch in conserving
moisture is, however, observable after August 21, for from that date on to the end of
the season the soil of plot C contained from 2 per cent to 5 per cent more moisture
than that of either of the other plots. On one or two dates it appears that the undis-
134
EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS
5-6 EDV/ARD VI!., A. 1905
turbed plot contained slightly higher percentages of moisture than the cultivated plot,
but the differences are very small and we may conclude that both soils were very nearly
at the point of saturation throughout the season.
Series II. — Plots D. E. and F. : — Plots E. and F. were sown in rows 8 inches apart,
respectively with Hairy Vetch and tares on June 30. Plot D. was cultivated June 16,
24 and 28, July 12, 22, August 4, lY and 25, September 1, 13 and 25. The first collection
of soils was made on June 16.
Series II. — Conservation of Soil Moisture, C. E. F., Ottawa, Ont., 1905.
Plot D.
Cultivated.
Plot E.
Hairy Vetch.
Plot F.
Tares.
Date of Collection.
Riinfall.
Water.
Water.
Water.
Per cent.
Per acre.
Per cent.
Per acre.
Per cent.
Per acre.
June 16
*5
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
37
16
25
85
14
45
01
61
74
52
13
12
13
11
10
8
10
14
12
16
16
81
24
79
44
56
08
76
79
08
Tons. Lbs.
306 1,539
297 823
308 1,837
270 1,130
2.35 1,934
185 1,003
226 1,847
350 1,049
296 1,759
;S87 1,770
11
10
10
8
8
8
10
12
9
17
62
78
60
31
38
91
66
49
36
35
Tons. Lbs.
266 188
244 1,173
240 36
183 931
185 305
198 16
241 1,077
288 1,844
209 1,185
424 1,889
12
10
11
10
9
9
9
12
10
15
16
48
48
22
75
21
83
53
82
52
Tons. Lis.
280 463
„ 30
2.36 1,966
July 14
„ 28
202 1,057
230 868
Aug. 11
„ 25
218 1,384
205 702
Sept. 8
220 1,364
„ 22
232 1,6.34
Oct. 6
M 20
245 1,208
371 1,778
'^May 1 to June 16
Compared with plot D., cultivated, the soil of plot E., bearing Hairy Vetch, showed
a slight falling off in moisture in the early part of the season. After the middle of
August, however, save on one or two dates, it would not appear that the soil with the
crop had at all suffered any moisture exhaustion, so ample was the rainfall and effective
the protection offered by the heavy growth that was made.
The draft on the soil moisture through the growth of Tares was very similar to
that noticed in the case of the Hairy Vetch; it was not sufficient to cause any very
marked effect. This we attribute to the causes just mentioned. The Tares, as did the
Vetch, grew luxuriantly, completely covering the ground.
The results this season at Ottawa have not emphasized the necessity of cultivation
for conserving soil moisture, but this is easily explained by reference to the rainfall,
which it will be seen was both ample and well distributed throughout the season. They
must not be considered as throwing any doubt upon the useful function of cultivation
in districts where the rainfall is deficient, for that has been amply proven by our expe-
ments in past seasons, confirmatory evidence also being given in the chapters following,
stating the results obtained this year at Nappan, N.S.
EXPERIMENTS AT THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM, NAPPAN^ N.S.
In the experiments conducted on the Experimental Farm, ISTappan, N.S., six plots
were employed. In this series we are able to contrast throughout the season the
moisture content of soil (1) bearing an oat crop, (2) carrying a second season's growth
of clover (with Timothy) and harvested, (3) similar to (2) but with the growth cut
from time to time and used as a mulch, (4) cultivated till June 15, then sown with
Crimson clover, (5) cultivated till July 20, then sown with Crimson clover, (6) cul-
tivated until July 20 then left undisturbed.
REPORT OF THE CHEMIST
135
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
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136 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Rainfall during the season. — April was characterized by a very small rainfall
(1 .-24 inches) not half that which fell in April of the two preceding years. May and
June had very fair and well distributed precipitations; the totals were 3-02 and
3 -30 inches, respectively. July and August were very dry, the total being only 1 -56
and 1 '53 inches, many of these rains being so slight that the moisture was evaporated
before it could penetrate the soil. September had a fair rainfall, 3 '38 inches, while
October was comparatively dry, with only 1*29 inches.
Plot 1. — The crop of oats, which had made good growth, though the seed had not
filled out well, was harvested on September 3. The results show that the moisture
content of this plot was greatly and steadily reduced from the end of June till Sep-
tember 1, and again slightly reduced during October. From the middle of July to
the end of August the soil was exceedingly dry (in tlie neighbourhood of 5 per cent
moisture). The oats suffered much from drought during this period and there can
be no doubt that the moisture available for the orchard trees was altogether insuffi-
cient for their needs. Confirmatory evidence of a most emphatic nature is furnished
by the data from this plot of the great exhaustion of soil moisture by a grain crop.
Plot 2. — This carried a crop of clover and timothy, having been seeded (with
cats) in the spring of 1904. It was cut on July 20, having made excellent growth, and
yielded about 2J tons of hay to tlie acre. The moisture content data are very similar
to those of Plot 1, indicating a very large draught on the store of soil moisture by the
growth of clover. During the first two weeks of July the moisture was reduced from
19 '06 per cent to 8*03 par cent and continued to fall until the end of August, when
the soil contained only 4 •11 per cent.
Plot S. — This, like Plot 2, bore a crop of clover and timothy, but the growth was
cut from time to time and used as a mulch. The fi^rst cutting was on June 16, when
the crop was about 12 inches high; the second on July 8, with about the same amount
of growth. No further cutting was possible, as owing to the very dry period in July
and August no material growth was subsequently made. Mr. Blair reports that the
mulches rapidly dried out and quickly became valueless in conserving moisture. The
analytical data are very much the same as those for Plot 2, and, therefore, confirm the
conclusions regarding the great draught on the soil's moisture. They require no
special comment further than to say that the mulch seems to have been effective in
checking to a certain degree the loss of soil moisture during the first two weeks of
July — an important matter. After the middle of July the mulch evidently exercised
very little beneficial influence so far as soil moisture is concerned.
Plot If. — The soil of this plot was cultivated until June 15, and then sown with
Crimson clover. The effect of this cultivation is very apparent; it postponed at least
two weeks the severe drying out so noticeable on the plots already discussed. On
August 2, this soil contained considerably more moisture than those of Plots 2 and 3,
and nearly twice as much as that on Plot 1.
Plot 5 and Plot 6. — Were cultivated until July 20, the former at that date being
sown with Crimson clover. Plot 5 maintained, practically, its initial moisture con-
tent all through the period of drought, the first decline— and that a slight one — being
recorded by the determination made on August 30. After the middle of September
M further, but not very large, falling off is observable, due to the growth of clover.
Plot 6, though showing some fluctuations, practically held its moisture content through-
out the growing season.
* In this investigation the scheme was planned by Mr. W. S. Blair, Horticulturist,
Experimental Farm, Nappan, N.S., and myself. Mr. Blair undertook all the work in connec-
tion with the plots and also collected the fortnightly soil samples. In his report, full cul-
tural notes, made during the season, are to be found.
REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 137
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
The value of cultivation lias been by this series well brought out. The severe
drought during July and August specially accentuated this year the importance of
the dry earth mulch in conserving the moisture so necessary for the growth and thrift
of orchard trees, but the results may well serve as a guide for the management of
orchard soils in all districts where an insviificient rainfall is likely to occur.
NATURALLY-OCGURRING FERTILIZERS AIs^D WASTE PRODUCTS.
MARSH MUD.
This was collected at Flannery's Point, near Bathurst, N.B., and forwarded by
T. M. Burns, M.P.P., through !MJr. T. A. Peters, Deputy Minister of Agriculture,
Fredericton, N.B.
The sample as received was of a light-grey colour, having all the appearances of
clay. It was practically free from stones, sticks, or other foreign matter. On exposure
to the air it dried into lumps or masses, which were, comi^aratively speaking, easily
crushed and reduced to powder.
Analysis of (Air-dried) Mud.
Per Cent.
Moisture 3-83
Loss on ignition-organic matter 15 "TT
Clay and sand 66-69
Oxide of iron and alumina 8-33
Lime '65
Magnesia 1-57
Potash -65
Phosphoric acid -15
Undetermined, including salt 2*36
100 -00
Nitrogen, in organic matter -oSS
It will be obvious from the above data that although this 'mud ' is not destitute
of plant food it cannot be considered in any way comparable to farm manures or com-
mercial fertilizers. However, if its application does not injuriously affect the tilth or
mechanical condition of the soil, I think it might be found a useful amendment.
Its chief fertilizing constituent is nitrogen, of which it contains about as much as
is found in our best soils, and, therefore, it is possible that a tolerably heavy applica-
tion on soils poor in organic matter and nitrogen might prove of considerable benefit.
My advice would be to try it at first on a small area and to note the result, both
on the condition of the soil and the crop yield. The character of the soil will no doubt
have much to do with its efficiency, and careful notes should be taken as to the nature
of the soil to which it is applied and the number of loads spread per acre.
In conclusion, it may be stated that its composition does not, I think, warrant any
great expenditure in its application, and this furnishes another reason for ascertain-
ing its effect on a small area before extensively applying it.
SEMI-DECAYED SEAWEED.
This material was forwarded by Mr. Donaldson, of Port Williams, N.S., who
furnished the following information regarding its occurrence:
*It is from Westport on Briar Island, the extreme western part of Nova Scotia,
where it is quite plentiful all along the shores of the island. It is there used as a
fertilizer, chiefly for grain and grass, I think. Several barrels were sent to our county
last spring and orchardists in this vicinity would be glad to know its value.'
138 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD Vll.^ A. 1906
As received, it -was a pasty mass, decomposition apparently having proceeded to a
considerable degree.
Analysis of Semi-decayed Seaweed,
Per Cent.
Water 61-03
Organic matter 28-92
Ash or mineral matter 10-05
100 -00
Nitrogen 1 -20
Phosphoric acid '19
Potash -90
Some years ago a sample of fresh sea-weed (Fucus furcatus) -was analysed, the
data of -which may here be given for the purpose of comparison.
Analysis of Fresh Sea-weed.
Water 63-49
Organic matter 27 -93
Ash or mineral matter 8-58
100 -00
Nitrogen -468
Phosphoric acid -108
Potash 2 -025
The general result of the decomposition, it will be seen, has been to increase the
nitrogen-content and to decrease the percentage of potash, so that -while the fresh sea-
-weed is essentially a potassic manure, the semi-decayed -weed is more particularly nitro-
genous.
The value of sea--weed as a manure is undoubtedly enhanced by the readiness with
which this naturally-occurring fertilizer decomposes in the soil, quickly liberating its
constituents in forms available to crops.
GYPSUM OR LAND PLASTER.
The agricultural uses and value of gypsum or land plaster have been discussed in
previous publications (see pages 163-4 An. Rep. Exp. Farms 1900). It may, therefore,
suffice here to give the results of the analyses of certain samples examined this year.
From correspondence we judge that the use of finely ground g-yi^sum in barns and sta-
bles is increasing, and we are of the opinion, from all points of view that this in general
is the most advantageous method of employing it.
Analyses
of Gypsum.
No. 1.
No. 2.
No. 3.
No. 4.
No. 5.
94-53
-78
4-69
100-00
91-58
2-00
6-42
73-15
7-45
19-40
68-98
15-75
15-27
74-25
11-95
13-80
100-00
100 00
100-00
100 -CO
' REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 139
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Nos. 1 and 2, labelled * white ' and ' grey,' respectively, and forwarded by General
Laurie, Oakfield, N.S. Quarried at Dutch Settlement, Halifax county, ISl.S.
Both are excellent Mmples, but the ' white " (No. 1) is somewhat the better of the
two. No. 1 has also superior value by reason of its greater fineness.
No. 3. White or grey coloured, manufactured by the Alabastine Co., Ltd., Paris,
Ont., submitted by K. McDonald, Ottawa, Ont.
No. 4. Bro\vn or chocolate coloured,. supplied by Mr. Manly H. Craig, Perth, N.B.,
submitted by Kenneth McDonald, Ottawa, Ont.
Sample No. 3 is distinctly superior to No. 4, Jhough neither is equal to the first
two samples considered.
No. 5. From ' Plaster Eock,' Tobique Eiver, N.B., furnished by M. H. Craig,
Perth, N.B. It is of distinctly better quality than No. 4, though apparently from the
same quarry.
FERTILIZIXG VALUE OF COTTON WASTE.
This refuse material was from the cotton mills at Montmorency Falls, Que. As
received, it formed a black, pasty mass and was neutral to test paper. It dried readily
on exposure and was then easily reduced to a powder by crushing and grinding.
Analysis of Waste (as received).
Per Cent.
Water 58-66
Organic matter 15 *41
Mineral matter (containing sand, &c., 20 '04) 25-93
100 -00
Nitrogen -72
Phosphoric acid -27
Potash -95
We doubt if this waste could be economically manufactured into a fertilizer. The
greater part of the water would have to be got rid of — a more or less expensive matter
when undertaken on a large scale. Secondly, this accomplished, the percentages of
plant food would not then equal those in most brands of commercial fertilizers. And,
thirdly, the condition or combination of the plant food in this ' waste ' is not the
most valuable from the agricultural standpoint : in other words, without treatment,
the waste would not readily furnish available nourishment for crops.
If obtained for little cost, however, it might be converted by the farmer into a
useful manure by composting, say, with lime or wood ashes.
FLUE ASHEiS.
These ashes are from the flues or dust chambers of the blast furnaces at the
Londonderry, N.S., iron mines. The sample was forwarded by Mr. G. R. Fleming,
Folly Mountain, N.S., who thought they might possess some fertilizing value.
Analysis of fine ashes.
Per Cent.
Lime 12-16
Oxide of iron 31*79
Phosphoric acid -26
Potash -17
Nitrogen :23
140 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
Ccnsidering tlie nature of the material, the percentage of nitrogen is quite notable.
Presumably the nitrogen is present as ammonium salts.
The percentages of phosphoric acid and potash are very TOiall and though there
is a notable amount of lime, we are unable to speak definitely as to its availability.
My opir.ion, therefore, is that the fertilizing value of these ashes is negligable. On
heavy clay soils, however, they might be of some benefit in improving the texture.
rODDEES AXD FEEDIXG STUFFS.
Though we have never attempted any systematic or comprehensive examination of
the feeding stuffs sold in Canada, we have every year analysed many of them regarding
which information and advice have been sought. The use of concentrated feed stuffs
to supplement the protein and fat of the home grown fodders, and thus balance the
ration, is constantly on the increase. Only a few years ago the feeds employed by
farmers and dairymen were very limited in number and comparatively simple in cha-
racter— bran, shorts, provender and ground Indian corn ; these, with the addition of oil
cake and one or two meals, comprised the list of those upon the market. But the case
is very different now. The by-products of the starch factories, of the rice mills, of the
manufactories of breakfast foods, etc., etc., now find a ready sale. These various feeds
differ widely in their composition, and hence in their nutritive value, and the farmer
cannot intelligently or profitably use them unless he knows their composition, more
especially as to the percentages of protein and fat they contain. The protein and fat
are the most important and the most costly nutriments in a food. There are, of course,
other constituents of feeding value in these ' concentrates,' but in estimating the value
of these feeds it is the proportion of protein and fat that must be principally consid-
ered, as it is for them practically alone that they are purchased, for the reason already
stated.
For a number of years the writer has claimed that an annual inspection and ana-
lysis of the feeds upon the Canadian market should be made; in other words, tha1> flip
there is an ofiicial examination of fertilizers (plant foods), so there should be an equal
protection to the farmer by the ofiicial examination of these feeds (cattle foods), for in
many instances it is quite impossible to arrive at a correct opinion as to the value of
these by-products without an analysis. This matter has also been recently urged by
the authorities of the Ontario Agricultural College and the Experimental Union — a
society of co-operative workers in connection with that institution.
It is, therefore, with much pleasure that I can announce as a result of these re-
presentations that the Department of Inland Eevenue, the branch of the Government
Service which annually analyses the commercial fertilizers, has taken initiatory steps
towards this end. A collection is now being made by the officers of that department in
various parts of Canada of these feeding stuffs and the analyses will be made in due
course. I am, further, authorized to say that the results of this examination will be
published early in the coming year in bulletin form, and thus will be available for the
guidance of purchasers.
During the past year a number of such feeding stuffs have been submitted to us.
As far as time permitted, these have been analysed. The results appear in the sub-
joined table, but since in previous reports the sources and character of the greater
number of them have received discussion, it will only be necessary now to add briefly
remarks upon their comparative values as deduced from the analytical data. They
comprise ' mixed ' feeds of various character, the products of the starch factories
(gluten meal, gluten feed, and corn bran), oil cake and meals, cotton seed meals and
a few other miscellaneous feeds. Much of the profit in dairying and stock feeding lies
in the judicious balancing of the ration, and we feel assured that great assistance
towards that end may be obtained by a consultation of the data here presented.
REPORT OF THE CHEMIST
141
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Analysis of Feeding Stuffs, 1905,
a
Nam
e.
Particulars.
6
u
"3
a
■J
1
■5
St
0
J3
<
1
2
3
4
5
C
7
8
" Cattle Teed "
Victor Com an
Banner Cattle
Ground 0^ Hi
"Mixed Feed'
"Oat Feed"..
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
d Oat Feed.
Food
ills
1 Insp. of Live Stock Shipments, J
1 Alontreal. j
American Cereal Co., Peterboro'. . .
Quoted bj'' J, N. Tilton, St. John,
at §30 per ton.
Ogilvy Milling Co., Lt
Edwardsburg Starch Co., Lt., Car-
dinal.
11-22
9-38
12-82
10-90
8-29
8-38
5-23
10-74
971
8-31
7-89
8-15
8-72
6-62
8-72
"8-19
7-37
9
8
8
10
7
7
2
9
7
32
25
22
9
36
22
10
22
12
21
29
32
27
31
37
19
39
41
29
12
8
0
06
06
94
00
75
75
81
63
75
31
3'<
25
12
69
9d
43
75
44
06
56
12
06
62
94
94
88
25
06
50
44
SI
4
4
3
4
3
4
1
3
2
2
2
15
3
3
3
3
2
7
6
10
6
13
9
29
06
71
57
29
46
52
59
25
44
17
69
23
36
50
22
03
92
20
84
41
75
98
67
69
67
66
66
68
53
47
11
24
00
55
55
40
5
7
5
6
12
8
32
73 2 -23
19|2-20
062-23
182-35
11301
56 2-30
48 4-56
9
60
54
58
43
67
75
27
31
51
05
14
5
8
12
86 3-65
10
Gluten Meal
74
30
90
05
-.^3
n
Gluten Feed
•53
12
13
Corn Oil CaVe
Corn Bran
1
1-78
-40
14
Gluten Meal .
Gluten Feed . .
15
Ifi
17
Gluten Feed
18
" Gluten Meal
Gluten Feed . .
>">
Brantford Starch Co., Brantford. . .
Imperial Starch Co
64
58
29
27
6
^^
•65
19
6-42
-68
W
Linseed or oil c
Oil Cake Meal
Cotton- seed M(
II 1
II 1
Spirit Grains .
Goose Wheat .
FainVheat...
Soda Biscuits .
Rice Meal
ake
Dom. Lii
Can. Lm
Dom. Lir
Can. Lin
" Prime
iseed Oil Co. , Lt
^1
seed Oil MiUs, Lt
m
iseed Oil Co. , Lt
?3
seed OU Mills, Lt
?4
■al . .. .
Hritrht." Broker C. A.
9u
Smith, St. John.
"Second Bright," Broker C. A.
Smith, St John.
No. 1 Broker. Frank Oliver. Toronto
W
8
7
6
i
1
13
97
80
32
90
84
68
97
No. 2 An
G. & W.,
A. W. M
Factory a
B. C. Ric
1. Cotton Oil Co
?8
Toronto
line, Markham
4 05
11-25
12-47
5-35
9-06
48
70
73
69
54
78
46
10-76
1-81
2-00
•08
1-?7
?!9
1-76
30
e
1 -79
31
t London, Ont
1-97
32
e Mills
12
25
15
73
50
01
5-83
7-12
MIXED FEEDS.
Xos. 1, 2, 3 and 4. — These were forwarded by the Inspector of Live Stock Ship-
ments, Montreal (Department of Marine and Fisheries) with a request for an analysis
and report on their relative values. These feeds were intended for the use of cattle
en route to England. They were found to consist essentially of crushed corn and oats.
There is a general similarity between them, and the differences in nutritive values are
not great, but a careful scrutiny of the data allows us to arrange the feeds in the
following order of merit : First, No. 4, by reason of its higher protein and fat content ;
second, No. 1, and No. 3, which are practically equal, with a protein content essen-
tially 1 per cent lower than that of No. 4 ; third. No. 2, which contains 2 per cent less
protein tha-n No. 4 and 1 per cent less than Nos. 1 and 3, and is the highest of the
peries in fibre.
Nos. 5, 6 and 7. — Products of the American Cereal Company, Peterboro, Ont. In
the most important constituent, protein, the Victor Com and Oat Feed and the Ban-
ner Cattle Food are identical. The latter, however, is somewhat the richer in fat and
poorer in fibre, and conseqviently is the better feed, though the difference between the
two in nutritive value would not be large. Though wholesome feeding stufe, their
142 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD V!l., A. 1908
comparatively speaking lo^\' protein content precludes ihcm from the list of higli class
' concentrates.'
-^Q^ 7 — O'^t Hulls. — The analysis shows very well the practically worthless charac-
ter of ' oat hulls,' when considered as a feed. It is difficult to understand how such
a material can obtain purchasers, but the writer is informed that large quantities of
this ground hulls and other waste from oatmeal and cereal mills find a ready sale
among farmers and dairymen in various parts of the country at fairly good prices.
There are, of course, different grades or qualities of such feeds^ but in general they
will be found very low in protein and high in fibre. They consequently occupy a posi-
tion at the very bottom of the list of purchased feeds, and great judgment and know-
ledge of the comparative prices and feeding values are necessary in order to use them
with profit. The ' mixed ' feeds, of which there are now so many sold, give^the miller
an opportunity of disposing of hulls, sweepings, and other almost worthless material
■s.t prices far in excess of the feeding values.
]^o. 8. — ' Mixed Feed,' sent by F. W. Davidson, Sussex, N.B., and quoted by I. K .
Tilton, broker, St. John, at $30 per ton. It consists largely of cracked com, bran and
oat by-products, there being quite a large proportion of oat hulls. It is not a food of
high quality and certainly is not worth the price quoted,
]Sfo. 9. — ' Oat Feed,' sent by G. S. Kinnear, Sussex, N. B., and stated to be manu-
factured by the Ogilvy Milling Company. Its composition is said to be made up of
ground oats arid feed flour in equal proportions. A mechanical examination showed
it to contain, approximately, 72 per cent fine meal and 28 per cent oat hulls. The
enalysis does not give it a high rating.
CORN BY-PRODUCTS GLUTEN MEAL^ ETC.
Nos. 10, 11, 12 and 13. — These are the by-products of the Edwardsburg Starch
Company, Cardinal, Ont. The samples were sent by the company in January as re-
presentative of their various brands of fee-d. Their comparative feeding values may
be easily arrived at by a consideration of the data for protein and fat. Gluten Feed
is a mixed product, Gluten Meal and Corn Bran being the components.
Nos. 14, 15, and 16. — These are further samples of Gluten Feed and Corn Bran
sent by the Edwardsburg Starch Company, in November, 1905.
No. 17. — Is a sample of Gluten Feed forwarded by P. G. Mills, Sussex, N.B., and
stated to be manufactured by the Edwardsburg Starch Company.
]Sfo. 18.—' Gluten Meal,' forwarded by P. G. Mills, Sussex, N.B., and stated to be
from the Brantford Starch Company. It is not gluten meal; indeed, it contains but
little more than one-half the protein found in most gluten feeds.
No. 19. — Gluten Feed, submitted by Dwyer & Co., Ottawa, and stated to be a pro-
duct of the Imperial Starch Company, Prescott, Ont. While having a slightly higher
fat content than the Edwardsburg Gluten Feed, it is not quite so rich in protein.
LINSEED OR OIL CAKE AND MEAL.
Nos. 20, 21, 22, and 23. — These are linseed oil califs and meals from the Domin-
ion Linseed Oil Company, and the Canada Linseed Oil IMills, as stated in the table.
They are all genuine and of good quality, though differing somewhat in their com-
position. The data of the protein and fat will allow the feeder to judge of their re-
lative merits and greatly assist when considering their prices.
REPORT OF TEE CHEMIST 143
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
COTTOX SEED MEAL.
Nos. 24, 25, 26, and 27. — Are Cotton seed meals. Nos. 24 and 25 were sent by
F. W. Davidson, Sussex, N.B., who reported their prices at $30 and $27.25 per ton,
rpspectively. The analyses show a much greater difference in feeding value than is
indicated by $25 per ton. Nos. 26 and 27, also sent by F. W. Davidson, are of much
Letter quality. They are quoted at $32.25 and $32.50 per ton, respectively.
SPIRIT GRAIN'S.
'Ro. 28, ' Spirit Grains.' — A by-product from the distillery of Gooderham &
"Worts, Toronto. This is a feed of high value, being rich in both protein and fat. It
ranks with oil cake, gluten meal and other concentrates in this respect.
GOOSE AND FALL WHEAT.
Nos. 29 and 30 — Goose and Fall Wlieats. — These were submitted by A. "Ward
]\[ilne, llarkham, with a view of obtaining data regarding their relative values for feed-
ing purposes. The high protein content of the Goose "Wheat makes it much the more
Valuable from this standpoint.
SODA BISCUITS.
No. 31 — Broken Soda Biscuits. — These can frequently be obtained from biscuit
factories at prices that permit of their being used as a feed for pigs, &c. The analysis
shows a high fat content and a very fair percentage of protein. At the price quoted,
.$20 per t^n, they are very good value.
RICE MEAL.
No. 32. — Eice Meal, sent by Chas. B. Jones, Colquitz, B.C., and said to be from
the British Columbia Rice Mills. Price quoted $16 per ton. This is an excellent feed,
particularly rich in fat and with a protein content equal to that of hard wheat.
COXDIMEXTAL AND SO CALLED STOCK FOODS.
Inquiries are being constantly received as to the feeding value of these prepara-
tions, of which there are now a number upon the market. The claims made for these,
it is only right to state, are not based simply upon the percentages of protein and fat
present. It is urged that in addition to their food value they are appetizers, tonics,
and assist in the digestion and assimilation of the rest of the ration; that they are in
fact both food and medicine. It is for this reason that the analyses of those we have
examined this year are not incorporated with those of the feeds already considered.
A few notes made from their chemical and microscopical examination may be
added, though it is not claimed that all the herbs, roots and drugs present have been
detected.
114
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Analysis of Condimental Foods.
Moisture
Protein
Fat
Carbohydrates
Fibre
Ash
Sulphur (free) .
Herbagium.
p. c,
6
22
6
40
7
14
Interna-
tional
Stock Food,
p. c.
8
13
4
45
11
16
Anglo-
Saxon
Stock Food.
Sugar and
Flax.
3. C.
, P.c.
911
9-
17-66
24-
3-57
9-
40-48
43-
10-80
6-
12-83
5-
5-55
Herhageum. — This consists essentially of linseed and -o-lieat bran or some -wheat
refuse. Fen-ugreek, sugar, charcoal and salt are also present.
International Stock Food. — Its principal ingredient is a -wheat feed. Salt, char-
coal, and fenugreek -were also detected and some bitter drug, probably gentian, also
noted. •
Anglo-Saxon Stock Food. — Largely linseed meal,
phur, fenugreek and probably gentian.
It contains charcoal, salt, sul-
Sugar and Flax. — Its chief component is linseed meal. Fenugreek, charcoal and
salt -were also detected. Sugar is not present.
Oux position with regard to these preparations is that all the ingredients are of a
cheap character and the prices asked are altogetner extravagant, whether they are to be
regarded as foods or medicine, or both. Thus, the price of herbageum is $12 per hun-
dred -weight, and as a food its value cannot be equal to that of oil cake meal. We do
not deny that such condimental foods may at times be useful, but -we do not think
their continued or general employment is either necessary or economical. It has been
sho-wn by careful experiment that animals in good health do not thrive any better from
the addition of such ' tonics ' to their food, and it seems only reasonable that it -would be
far cheaper and more rational to treat stock out of condition as their aihnents require.
THE RELATIVE YALIJE OF ROOTS.
In continuing the examination of field roots to learn their relative food value and
the effect of seasonal conditions upon their composition, -we have analysed this year 17
varieties of mangels, 20 varieties of turnips, and 11 varieties of carrots, all grown on
-the Central Experimental Farm.
Mangels. — The percentages of dry matter and sugar are, on the -whole, considerably
belo-w those usually obtained here. This, -we believe, is due to the some-^-hat abnormal
character of the season, vhich was marked by high rainfall and high daily temperatures.
Under these conditions the roots did not thoroughly mature and the storing up of sugar
during September and October to a certain extent -was interfered -with. For the best
results it is generally conceded that an ample though not excessive precipitation during
the first three months of summer, -with comparatively lo-w temperatures, followed by a
moderately dry, -warm, but not too hot, ripening season (September and October) are
the best conditions for the production of sugar in roots. The averages for 10 varieties
analysed in 1904 -were: dry matter, 11-69 per cent, sugar in juice, 6-62 per cent. This
season, for 20 varieties -we obtained : dry matter, 10 'O-i per cent, sugar in juice, 4 -Gl
per cent.
REPORT OF THE CHEMIST
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
A^^lLYSIS OF Mangels, C.E.F., Ottawa, Ont., 1905.
145
Variety.
Water.
Dry
Matter.
Sugar in
Juice.
Average
weight of
one
Root.
SeJected Mammoth Long Red
p. c
87
87
87
88
88
88
89
89
90
90
90
90
91
91
91
92
92
18
85
93
45
94
95
63
87
06
09
20
82
36
47
S3
19
48
p. c
12
12
12
11
11
11
10
10
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
7
7
82
15
07
55
06
05
37
13
94
91
80
IS
64
53
17
81
n9
p. c.
6-95
6-36
6-83
5-88
4-65
515
5 07
4-86
5-56
3-88
5-07
3-44
3-55
4 07
3-45
]-93
214
Lbs. Oz.
3 9
Yellow Intermediate
3 4
Gate Post
Leviathan Long Red
2 13
4 3
TTfllf T.ong SiTcrfj.r AVhit<^. .
4 0
Giant Sujfar
4 5
Half Long Sugar Rosy
Triumph Yellow Globe
2 15
4 10
Prize Mammoth Long Red
Giant Yellow Interm.ediate
3 14
4 2
Ideal
3 4
Mammoth Long Red
2 3
Giant Yellow Globe
Selected Yellow Globe ...
3 12
3 7
Mammoth Yellow Intermediate
Lion Yellow Intermediate
4 3
3 9
Prize Winner Yellow Globe
3 14
Average of 17 varieties
89 -nfi
10 04
467
3 9
The varieties have been arranged in this table in the order of their ' dry matter '
and sugar, beginning with the highest, and it will be noticed that between the first and
last of the series vast differences occur. We do not think that the value of roots as
part of the ration depends entirely on the percentages of dry matter and its sugar
content, but we have no hesitation in saying that of two roots, the one containing
12-82 per cent dry matter with a sugar content of 6-95 per cent, the other with but
Y -52 per cent dry matter and 2 -14 per cent sugar, the former must be much the more
valuable feed. This important matter has been called attention to in former reports
and is again emphasized that farmers in choosing their varieties of mangels may con-
sider not only yield per acre, but also the composition of the roots. It is not at all
probable that the same order as here given will be preserved for any two successive
seaso'ns, but the data presented bear an added importance when it is remembered that
all these mangels were grown under the same climatic and cultural conditions. The
* breed ' factor has been investigated for a number of years past by us, using two
varieties of mangels (see the following chapter) and the results clearly show that de-
spite changes due to season, &c., each variety has held its own relative position for six
seasons.
Turnips. — The differences in composition are not so great as with mangels, and
this fact serves to bring the averages of the dry matter of these two classes of field
roots very close together. In sugar content, however, the turnip is distinctly inferior
to mangels. This season, as with all classes of roots grown here, the percentage of
sugar is below the average.
16—10
146
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903
Analysis of Turnips, C.E.F., Ottawa, Ont., 1S05.
Variety.
Water.
Dry
Matter.
Sugar in
Juice.
Average
weight of
one
Root.
Mammoth Clyde
Sutton's Champion
Hartley's Bronze
New Century
Selected Purple Top.. . .
Imperial Swede
Kangaroo..
East Lithian
Elephant's Master
Skirvings
Bangholm Selected
Halewood's Bronze Top.
Magnum Bonum
Perfection Swede
Drummond Purple Top.
Good Luck
Carter's Elephant
Jumbo
Emperor Swede
Hall's Westbury
p. c,
A verage of 20 varieties
S9-91
p. c
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
10 09
p. c,
Lbs. Oz.
11
13
9
14
8
14
1
0
9
5
11
13
9
2
6
9
3
110
13
"With this greater uniformity in composition there is not the same necessity in
selecting turnips as with mangels, and yield per acre and keeping qualities become
the chief factors to consider.
Carrots. — On the whole, carrots are slightly higher in dry matter than turnips,
and in regard to sugar content occupy a middle place between mangels and turnips.
The differences between the varieties while not so great as with the mangels, are
larger than those noticed in the varieties of turnips.
Analysis of Carrots, C.E.F., Ottawa, Ont., 1903.
Variety.
White Belgian
Half Long Chantenay
Kos Kirches
Carter's Orange Giant
Improved Short White
Ontario Champion
Mammoth White Intermediate
Early Gem
Long Yellow Stump-rooted
Giant White Vosges
New White Intermediate
Average of 11 \ arieties
Average
Water.
Dry
Matter.
Sugar in
J uice.
Weight of
one
Hoot.
p. c.
p. c.
p. c.
Lbs. Oz.
87-46
12-54
303
1 1
88
53
11
47
3-64
0 14
89
21
10
79
3-44
1 2
89
43
10
57
2 02
1 3
89
05
10
35
214
1 7
89
82
10
18
2 53
1 1
89
85
10
15
2 95
1 4
90
39
9
m
192
0 14
90
63
9
37
2-44
1 10
90
96
9
04
1-52
1 3
91-35
8-65
1 53
1 4
80
75
10
25
2 52
1 3
REPORT OF TEE CEEMIST
147
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
IXFLUEN'CE OF IXHERITED QUALITIES.
The composition of roots is influenced by various factors, chief among -n-hich are
the character of the season as regards rainfall and temperature, and the relative rich-
ness of the soil. Quality in roots, however, as evidenced by the percentage of ' dry
matter ' and sugar is in part inherited. For the past six years we have analysed two
varieties, the Gate Post and Giant Yellow Globe grown side by side, on land of the
same character and, necessarily, under the same climatic conditions, and the results
indicate that ' breed ' in mangels is a factor of considerable importance.
DuY Matter and Sugar in Gate Post and Yellow Globe Mangels.
Season of Growth.
Gate
Post.
Giant Yellow Globe.
Dry
Matter.
Sugar in
Juice.
Dry
Matter.
Sugar in
Juice.
1900 \
P.O.
11 14
9-41
13-90
12-93
12-64
12-07
p. 0.
G-15
415
9-39
7-38
7-62
6-83
p. c.
8-19
910
10-24
10-89
9-24
8-64
p. c.
2-64
1901
1902.
4-08
5-24
1903
6-17
1904
1905
5-26
3 55
Average of 6 years lOOU-Uo
12-01
6-92
9-38 4-49
Though the data for neither of these roots show great regularity or uniformity,
due chiefly, I believe, to varying seasonal conditions, a well marked and always pre-
£ent difference is to be observed between these mangels as regards their percentages of
dry matter and sugar. We have already observed that the past season at Ottawa was
not one favourable to sugar production, and this, I think, may account for the fact
that both varieties have given low returns this year. However, this does not affect in
any way the general results or the conclusions drawn from pre-vious years' work in
this matter, viz., that the Gate Post is the richer of the two, both as to dry matter and
sugar. The difference between these varieties, as far as it can be ' ascertained by
chemical analysis, shows that weight for weight the Gate Post should be worth be-
tween one-third and one-fourth more than the Giant Yellow Globe for feeding pur-
poses.
SIJGAE BEETS, FOP FACTORY PUEPOSES.
The three varieties of sugar beets principally used for sugar extraction, Vilmorin's
Improved, Klein Wanzleben and Tres Piche (French ' Yery Rich ') as grown on the
Dominion Experimental Farm.s during the past season have been analysed. By re-
ference to the reports of this Division it will be seen that this investigation has been
carried on, practically, since the establishment of the Farms, so that now we have on
record considerable evidence as to the richness and purity of sugar beets as gro-wn in
Canada under varying climatic or seasonal conditions.
16— lOi
143
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Sugar Beets Grown on the Dominion Experimental Farms, 1905.
Variety.
Vilmorin's Improved
Klein Wanzleben
Tres Riehe (French ' Verv
Eich') '
Locality.
Nappan, N.S
Ottawa, Ont
Brandon, Man
Indian Head, Sask
Agassiz, B. C
Nappan, N.S
Ottawa, Ont
Brandon, Man
Indian Head, Sask
Agassiz, B.C
Nappan, N.S
Ottawa, Ont.. ....
Brandon, Man ....
Indian Head, Sask.
Agassiz, B.C
Percentage
of
Sugar in
J nice.
17-56
Percentage
of
Solids in
Juice.
Co-effici
ent
of
Purity.
82-0 1
78
1
74
2
84
7
81
3
86
5
95
6
70
3
84
8
86
5
82
3
83
3
75
7
77
2
86
9
Average
Weight of
one
Root.
Lbs. Oz.
14
0
15
14
2
13
14
12
14
1
13
4
12
15
3
The best results have been obtained on the Experimental Farm at Agassiz, B. C,
and at Nappan, N.S., closely followed by those at Indian Head. In all tbree instances
the data indicate a good quality of factory beets from which sugar could be profitably
extracted.
At Ottawa the percentage of sugar and co-efficient of purity are considerably
lower than those usually obtained.
This I believe is due, if not entirely, certainly in a very large measure, to the
abnormal climatic conditions that obtained here during the past season. In the first
place, the rainfall (13 "45 inches) during June, July, and August was somewhat
greater than the average. This was followed by a precipitation of 5 '31 inches during
September and October, an amount not less than usual for these months. In con-
junction with this ample supply of moisture we find certain and notable peculiarities
of temperature, as follows : Exceptionally high maximum temperatures, and unusually
low minimum temperature for the summer months, May, June, July, August, Sep-
tember, and October. This naturally means sudden and great changes in temperature,
or in other words, speaking generally, hot days and cool nights. Bearing these facts
in mind and remembering that ideal climatic conditions for sugar-production include
a moderate and well distributed rainfall during May, June, July, and August, with
fairly dry weather in September and October, when the beets are maturing; and, fur-
ther, that a low mean summer temperature, say 60°F., with few sudden or great
changes in the latter part of the season, are specially conducive to a high sugar con-
tent, the explanation of the poor results obtained this year is not difficult to find.
At Brandon, IMan., the beets are the poorest of the series. This may in part be
due to unfavourable weather for sugar accumulation during the ripening of the roots,
but the large size to which the beets have grown, considerably over 2 lbs. each in
weight, is certainly against a high sugar content.
REPORT OF TUB CHEMIST 149
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
CHEinSTEY OF INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES.
SODA-BOEDEAUX OR BURGUNDY MIXTURE.
During June and July of the present year a number of reports were received, botli
from Ontario and Quebec, stating that serious injury had resulted from the use of Soda
Bordeaux on apples, plums, cherries and peaches — in some instances the trees being en-
tirely defoliated. These communications were accompanied by requests for informa-
tion regarding this newly introduced mixture, in which washing soda is substituted
for lime.
Soda-Bordeaux, which has been used successfully on potatoes fur blight and rot,
may be prepared according to one or other of the following formulae: —
A. B.
Copper sulphate (Blue stone) 6 lbs. 4 lbs.
v?:^vbonate of soda (washing soda) 7J " 5 "
Water 40 gals. 40 gals.
The proportion of bluestone to washing soda is the same in each, but ' A ' is na-
turally the stronger spray.
Though, as far as the writer can learn, Soda-Bordeaux mixture had not been sug-
gested for fruit trees, its use being mainly for potatoes, there appeared no reason
why it should prove injurious for orchard work. The explanation was furnished, when
upon further inquiry it was learnt that in every authenticated case in which injury
had been reported, Paris green, white arsenic or some other arsenical compound had been
added to the mixture. When Paris green is added to ordinary (lime) Bordeaux it is
not dissolved, but remains in suspension, and experience has shown that no injury to
foliage or fruit results from the use of such a spray. When, however, Paris green is
added to Burgundy mixture it is partly dissolved (owing to the excess of washing soda
present) and becomes an active arsenical compound more or less corrosive to foliage.
It has long been known that soluble arsenical compounds have this injurious effect and
that consequently they cannot be used in insecticidal mixtures. Paris green, arsenide
of soda, and white arsenic were all reported as having been added to the Burgundy
mixture; all of these would render the spray extremely injurious.
As it seemed desirable to furnish e:s[p€rimental proof on this subject and since cer-
tain correspondents claimed that Burgundy mixture containing Paris green had been
used with impunity on fruit trees, a series of trials were made in the orchards of the
Experimental Farm, Ottawa, on apples, cherries and plums. In the absence of the
Horticulturist, these experiments were planned and carried through by myself. The
spraying mixtures were as follows : —
' A ' — SODA-BORDEAUX.
Copper sulphate (bluestone) 4 lbs.
Carbonate of soda (washing soda) 5 lbs.
Water 40 gals.
The bluestone and washing soda were dissolved separately in haK the total volume
of water and the resultant solutions mixed. This mixture, it will be observed, contains
no Paris green or arsenic in any form.
' B.' — Soda-Bordeaux, as above, but to which 4 ounces of Paris green had been
added.
' C — Soda-Bordeaux, as above, but to which a solution of arsenite of soda (formed
by boiling 8 ounces white arsenic and 2 lbs. washing soda with 1 gallon of water) had
been added.
150 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6. EDWARD VII., A. 1906
RESULTS AND COXCLUSIONS.
Soda-Bordeaux. — (Spray ' A ') : — After two sprayings there was no ar^jparent in-
jury to the foliage of apples, plums and cherries.
Soda-Boraeaux with Paris green. — (Spray ' B ') : — Leaves of apple slightly
scorched at edges. Varieties were found to differ in their resisting power to the cor-
rosive action of this spray, but the results indicate that its use would be attended with
a considerable degree of danger in the apple orchard.
The foliage of plums was decidedly scorched, though the injury was not very
serious.
The cherries used in the experiment had their foliage slightly scorched. It was
evident that this spray could not be used on the cherry with safety.
Soda-Bordeaux with Arsenite of Soda (Spray 'C')- — This mixture caused ex-
cessive injury on apples, plums, and cherries. The foliage in every instance was
scorched, subsequently becoming crisp and falling off. The damage was such as to
show conclusively that this spray is dangerous in the highest degree for all classes of
fruit trees.
In a word. Burgundy mixture, pure and simple, has shown itself as far as our
experiments have gone, to be non-injurious to foliage. The addition of Paris green or
other arsenite, however, renders the spray corrosive and therefore dangerous for
orchard use.
Wlien it is desired to use Paris green as an insecticide in the spray only Bordeaux
mixture made with lime should be employed.
NEW FORMS OF KEROSENE EMULSION.*
The desirability of obtaining emulsifying materials other than the solution of
whale oil or soft soap, materials that would not only lessen the expense of the spray, but
at the same time obviate the necessity of the application of heat, led Professor Close, of
the Delaware Experiment Station, to exi>eriment with lime as an agent to hold .the
kerosene in suspension. This Lime-kerosene emulsion, prepared according to direc-
tions, is very fairly stable, homogeneous, one easy to spray and one which does not
clog the nozzle. Briefly described. Prof. Close's directions are as follows: Mix into
a ' thin,' sloppy mass 1 lb. of Limoid (an American preparation for the purpose) or
the same quantity of good, freshly slaked lime with 1 quart of kerosene. Por an
approximately ten per cent emulsion, two gallons of water (Imperial measure) are
then added and the whole emulsified by churning, say, for 5 minutes, best effected by
moans of a pump and a coarse nozzle. No free kerosene, he states, will appear for
several weeks, and though there may be a separation on standing into limey layers,
these will readily, if stirred, again produce the emulsion without deterioration.
Lime Emidsion. — Since ' Limoid ' was specially recommended and was not obtain-
able in Canada, and numerous inquiries were being received as to the value of lime for
this purpose, a number of experiments were made in the farm laboratories from thie
results of which the following im.portant conclusions were drawn.
1. Preshly slaked lime makes a smoother and more lasting emulsion than ordinary
air-slaked lime — the latter, however, will make a satisfactory emulsion if it is not too
much carbonated by long exposure to the air.
2. By employing lime slaked immediately before using, the quantity may be
materially reduced. A perfect emulsion can be made by slaking ^ lb. of good quick
lime and emulsifying with 1 quart of kerosene and 2 gallons of water. This makes
an approximately 11 per cent emulsion, suitable for Aphis.
♦This investigation was made at the suggestion and with the co-operation of Mr. W. T.
Macoun, the Horticulturist, to whom my thanks are due for much valuable advice and assist-
ance.
REPORT OF TEE CHEMIST 151
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
3. By the use of freshly slaked lime less time is needed for the churning in order
to bring the mass to a perfect emulsion. Two to three minutes of vigorous, continuous
pumping were found sufficient.
4. It is not apparently a matter of much moment that the lime be dry when mixed
with the kerosene. Excellent emulsions have been made when the slaked lime has been
quite moist or even made into a thick cream with water before adding the kerosene.
Flour Emulsion. — It occurred to the writer that as good quicklime was not always
obtainable at a moment's notice, it would be well to ascertain if flour — to be had every-
where— would not answer equally well. Our experiments showed that flour could be
successfully substituted for lime in making the emulsion when desired for immediate
use. One pound to 1 quart of kerosene makes a perfect emulsion, as in the case of
Ihe lime, but S ounces were subsequently found sufficient to hold in perfect suspension
the quart of kerosene.
The preparation with flour is very simple. The requisite amount of kerosene is
placed in the vessel (pail or barrel), which is preferably dry, and flour added in the
proportion stated, viz. : 8 ounces to 1 quart, the mass thoroughly stirred and the water
added — 2 gallons for every quart of kerosene. This is then vigorously churned, as
already described, say, for 5 minutes, and the emulsion is ready for use.
It was further found that by scalding the flour a less weight is required. An
excellent emulsion which did not show the slightest separation of kerosene after one
week was prepared by scalding 2 ozs. of flour, mixing the resulting thin paste with 1
quart of .kerosene and emulsifying with 2 gallons of water.
The flour emulsion is smooth, easily atomized, and does not clog the nozzle. Any
separation into layers may be easily remedied By simply stirring or shaking the mix-
ture. It is equally effective, we believe, as an insecticide with the lime-formed emul-
sion, and amongst other advantages that may be claimed for it is the fact that there
ib no perceptible whitening of the foliage, and, further, that in some places it will be
found cheaper and easier to make than the lime emulsion. Its use is suggested as an
alternative when good lime is unobtainable — when the emulsion is for immediate use
and when intended for ornamental trees and shrubs, upon which the whitening of the
foliage is objectionable.
FORMALIN — FORMALDEHYDE 40 PER CENT.
The amount of Formalin used in the treatment of grain, especially wheat and
cats, for the prevention of smut, increases yearly and very rapidly. In Manitoba and
the North-west generally it has already very largely replaced bluestone, due no doubt
in a measure to the ease with which the solution may be prepared— simple dilution
leing all that is necessary. The results of the Formalin treatment have been highly
satisfactory, and there is ample proof that Formalin is a most efficient smut destroyer.
It has been used in two strengths: 3 ozs. to 10 gallons (2 parts in 1,000), and 4^ ozs.
to 10 gallons (3 parts to 1,000). The seed grain is either thoroughly sprinkled or im-
mersed for 5 minutes. In the majority of cases, and save perhaps with very badly
affected grain, the weaker solution has proved as effective as the stronger, and thorough
sprinkling equally satisfactory with immersion. In addition to ascertaining tlie
strength of several brands of fonnalin on the market, we have endeavoured this year
to learn if formalin, which had become milky through age, had lost its efficiency,
wholly or in part, and if such altered (polymerized) formalin injuriously affected the
germ of the grain. The^e were questions asked by several correspondents in the North-
v;est last spring. A further enquiry was as to the effect of the formalin treatment on
the vitality of wheat as compared with that of bluestone.
152 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
ANALYSIS OF FORMALDEHYDES.
Percentage
of Formaldehyde
by weight.
No. 1. From Tulford-Leonard Drug Co., Brandon, Man. (clear). 38-0
No. 2. From Halpins Drug Store, Brandon, Man. (clear) . . . . 38-9
No. 3. From Clement Drug Store, Brandon, Man. (milky
through polymerization) 38 •?
No. 4. From Fleming's Drug Store, Brandon, Man. (milky
through polymerization) 38 -9
No. 5. From Cereal Division, C.E.F &5-1S
No. 6. From The Chemists and Surgeons Supply Co., Montreal. 37 "9
No. 7. Scherings Formalin, very old and badly polymerized sam-
ple 4G-4:
No. 8. Scherings Formalin, very old and badly polymerized sam-
ple 34-4
These results, generally, are slightly higher than those obtained in 1903. Though
it is not advisable to draw hard and fast conclusions from a few samples, the data in-
dicate that there is considerable unifonnity in strength among the brands found upon
the market. Samples No. 7 and 8 were taken from the same bottle, which had been in
the Farm Laboratory for more than 5 years; the formalin had become quite pasty
through polymerization. The thinner portion gave 34*4 per cent; the thicker 46*4 per
cent formaldehyde.
Slight polymerization, as in samples 3 and 4, does not apparently affect the analy-
tical determination; excessive polymerization evidently interferes with the estimation.
So far our analyses have not detected any wilful adulteration or material falling
off in strength.
ACTION OF FORMALIN ON THE VITALITY OF WHEAT.
For this purpose we used two samples of Eed Fife wheat kindly furnished by Mr.
Bedford, Superintendent of the Experimental Farm, Brandon, Man. He writes : —
' The 1904 sample is very smutty and is also badly rusted. Some think that rusted
grain is so weak in germination that formalin or bluestone will kill the germ and for
that reason do not treat it for smut. Information as to this will be gratefully received
by western farmers. The 1902 wheat has not so much smut and is not runted.' In
the following table the treatment of these wheats is detailed, together with the results
of the vitality test.
Percentage of VitalUy.
1902. 1904.
Wheat. Wheat.
Untreated ;■ 91 98
Formalin, fresh, 4i ozs. to 10 gals 66 86
" polmerized, 4J ozs. to 10 gals 71 £2
" fresh, 9 ozs. to 10 gals 69 72
Bluestone, 1 lb. to 2\ gals 63
(The treated wheats were immersed for 5 minutes, dried by exposure to the air,
end tested at once as to vitality).
The results, it must be admitted, are not altogether satisfactory; the work must
be repeated before any final conclusion can be reached and any definite statement
made on several of the points under discussion. There are one or two deductions,
Lowever, that I think may safely be made, as follows: —
REPORT OF THE CHEMIST 153
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
The formalin tr.?atment lowers the percentage of vitality; the effect being more
noticeable on the older (1902) wheat. In one instance the stronger solution (9| ozs.
to 10 gals.) reduced the vitality to a greater degree than the weaker solution; further
work will probably confirm this result. Investigations carried on in the Farm labora-
tory in 1890-93 showed tliat bluestone similarly affected the vitality of the wheat; the
stronger the solution, the more injury to the grain germ.
Milky or slightly polymerized formaldehyde is apparently less injurious to the
germ than the fresh material, but it is only with the 1904 wheat that the difference is
well marked.
Some years ago, the writer showed that bluestone continues to act injuriously
upon the germ of the wheat, and therefore, that it was highly desirable that the grain
should be sown as soon as possible after treatment. The same is no doubt true in the
case of the formalin treatment. In this connection. Dr. Chas. E. Saunders, Cerealist,
C.E.F., has furnished me with some valuable data that he recently obtained. He
states that in the case of wheat, oats, and barley, the seed being treated with formalin
solution 9 ozs. to 10 gallons, the vitality of the treated grains was after 11 months
found to have been entirely destroyed. To study further this "after effect' of for-
malin, samples of the treated wheats have been preserved and will be examined from
time to time as to vitality.
It is of interest to note that the formalin treatment was not so severe on the life
of the germ as the bluestone solution. It is quite possible, of course, that a more
dilute solution of bluestone, say, 1 lb. to 5 gallons, would have been equally efficacious
in destroying smut and less injurious to the wheat.
It does not appear that the vitality of the wheat (1901) had been impaired or
weakened by the rust. It is not, therefore, advisable to neglect the treatment of grain
simply on the count that it is rusted.
MILKY (polymerized) FORMALDEHYDE AS A SMUT PREVEXTH'E.
In order to ascertain the relative values of the various treatments in smut pre-
vention, samples of these treated grains (with the exception of those from the solu-
tion 9 OZS'. to 10 gallons) were sent to the Experimental Farm at Brandon, Man., to
be sown. They were sown in rows 6 inches apart and 30 inches long. Under date of
August 28 Mr. Bedford writes : ' I have carefully gone over all the grain you sent mo
for smut test and I find that there are 159 smutty heads in the lot marked ' 1904, un-
treated,' but not a solitary smutty head in any of the others."
From this it might be concluded that all the treatments had been equally efficaci-
ous. There is this unsatisfactory feature, however, about the results, that the un-
treated 1902 sample, which contained a slight amount of smut, gave no sign of smut
in the plot.
Slight polymerization of the formalin, as indicated by milkiness, does not ap-
parently materially affect the virtue of the material for the destruction of smut, but
it will be necessary to repeat this work another season before making any definite
statement on this point.
CYANIDE FOR FUMIGATION PURPOSES.
It is a matter of considerable importance that the quality or strength of the
cyanide used in the fumigation of plants and shrubs for the destruction of the San
Jose scale should not fall below that called for. The value of this chemical so used
is entirely dependent upon the amount of hydrocyanic acid gas evolved on the addition
of acid.
The examination of a number of samples of ' potassium cyanide ' in 1902, showed
that at that time considerable differences in strength, i.e., hydrocyanic acid content.
154 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
existed between tlie various brands upon the market. It was, further, made clear that
much of the so-called potassic cyanide was sodic cyanide. From the standpoint of an
insecticide, however, this latter fact has no significance, the percentage of hydrocyanic
acid alone, as has been stated, determining the value of any particular sample.*
Last March two samples, submitted by the Entomological Division, were examined,
the analysis furnishing the following data:
Hydrocyanic acid.
Per cent.
* A.' ' Pot cyanide 98-100 per cent,' as supplied to St. John
N.B: Fumigation Station, 1904: 36-41
'B.' ' Cyanide of potash, C.P.', Henderson Bros., Lt 42-71
Analysis showed ' A ' to be practically potassium cyanide : sample ' B ' contains
no potassium and is exclusively sodium cyanide. The values of these samples are
indicated by the i>ercentages of hydrocyanic acid stated; in other words, 100 ounces
of * B ' are equivalent to 117 ounces of * A ' in gas producing power.
WELL WATEKS EEOM FAEM HOMESTEADS.
The examination of well waters from farmers has proved one of the most popular
and directly useful features of our work. The danger that exists when the water
supply is polluted is now widely known and every year finds a larger proportion of our
rural population impressed with the fact that there is a very real and intimate rela-
tionship between good water and good health.
As we have shown again and again, the barnyard and back door wells are the
sources above all others to be feared. Such are a dangerous convenience and not in-
frequently the cause of much ill health in the farmer's family. Every phase of the
pure water question has, however, been discussed fully in past reports, and it only
seems necessary to add now that assistance will continue to be given in this matter
of water analysis to farmers and dairymen desiring it. We cannot, however, undertake
water analyses for municipalities, villages, and towns. Requests for such work should
be referred by the local health authorities to the Provincial Board of Health.
Instructions for the collection and shipment of water samples are forwarded on
application.
Of the 118 samples of water received during 1905, 83 were submitted to analysis,
the remainder being rejected by reason of insufficient quantity, dirty containing
vessels or corks. By grouping the results of those examined, we find that 22 were
leported as safe and wholesome, 38 seriously polluted, 12 suspicious and probably
unsafe for drinking purposes, and 11 saline in character.
See page 151 et seq. Report of the Chemist o£ the Experimental Farms for 1902.
REPORT OF TEE CUEillST
155
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
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156
ejperime:ntal farms
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
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5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906
HEPORT
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST
(James Fletcher, LL.D., F.L.S., F.R.S.C.)
19 0 5.
Ottawa^ December 1, 1905.
Dr. Willum Saunders, C.M.G.,
Director of Dominion Experimental Farms,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to hand you herewith a report on some of the most im-
portant subjects which have been brought officially under my notice during the past
season.
There is a satisfactory and ever increasing evidence of the appreciation of the
value of the investigations carried on by the officers of the Division. This is indicated
by the large number of letters received from farmers, fruit growers and others in all
parts of Canada and by the constant demand for the services of the officers at various
meetings.
The work of the Division has been during the past year of the same nature as that
of previous years. Investigations have been continued of the life-histories of various
insect pests, together with practical tests of the most effective remedies. In the bo-
tanical branch, the experiments with fodder plants of all kinds have been carried on
as heretofore and have proved of great interest to visitors. The past season in the
Ottawa district was particularly propitious for the development of grasses, clovers and
other fodder plants. As some of the old plots had gradually become unjiroductive, it
was thought well to plough up one-third of the e>3perimental grass garden and clean it
by sowing to rape. This was done early in July, and at four successive dates portions
were sown and notes kept upon the crops. Xext year another third of the grass garden
will be treated in the same way and that part cleaned this year will be again used for
grass plots. The following year the remainder will be treated.
Correspondence. — The correspondence of the Division has again during 1905 shown
a considerable increase in the number of letters both received and despatched. From
December 1, 1901, to iSroveml>er 30, 1905, the number of letters, exclusive of circulars,
registered as received was 3,406 and the number despatched 3,291.
Meetings attended. — ^Meetings of farmers' institutes and agricultural associations
of various kinds have been attended whenever other official duties would allow of ab-
sence from Ottawa.
159
160 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
December Y to 9, 1904: Windsor, N.S. — The Fruit Growers' Association of Kova
Scotia: 'Insects Injurious to Fruits in Nova Scotia.'
December 12: Amherst, N.S. — Maritime Winter Fair: 'Insects Injurious to Live
Stock.'
Decem'ber 29 : Philadelphia. — Association of Economic Entomologists and Society
for the Promotion of Agricultural Science, Annual meetings : ' Injurious Insects of
190-1 in Canada ' ; ' A destructive Ptinid new to North America.'
February 3, 1905 : Guelph. — Address before the students of the Agricultural Col-
lege on ' Methods in Nature Study.'
February 4: Toronto. — Address on Nature Study and Natural History before
Toronto University (Saturday afternoon Popular Lecture).
May 26 : Ottawa. — Union Teachers' Convention : ' The Use of Insects in Naturo
Study.'
May: Ottawa. — Two addresses before the Normal Scho'ol; 'Nature Study — Birds.'
June 6 : Toronto. — Address before Toronto Horticultural Society on ' Insect Pests
and How to Exterminate them.'
June 7: Hamilton, Ont. — Hamilton Horticultural Society: 'The Gardeners' In-
sect Enemies in June.'
June 8 : Guelph. — Ontario Agricultural College : ' What the Experimental Farms
are doing for Canada.'
June 8 : Guelph. — Macdonald Institute : ' The Time Place of Nature Study in Edu-
cation.'
June 30: Ottawa. — Dominion Seed Growers' Association: 'Co-operation between
Seel Grower and Entomologist.'
June 27: Ottawa. — Ottawa Horticultural Society: 'What Plants do.'
July 5 and 10 : Ottawa. — Two addresses on Birds before Ottawa Normal School,
Summer School of Science.
July 13 and 14: Ottawa. — Two addresses on Insects before Summer School of
Science, Ottawa,
August 21 to Sept. 23. — ^Manitoba, North-west Territories and British Columbia :
Holding meetings, making investigations and inspecting Fumigation Stations.
October 18 and 19 : Guelph. — Attending Annual Meeting of the Entomological
Society of Ontario: 'Injurious Insects of Ontario, 1905'; 'Entomological Record,
1905.' At this meeting a paper was also read by Mr. Arthur Gibson upon ' Injurious
Insects of the Flower Garden.'
Mr. Gibson also attended the County of Carleton Annual Exhibition at Rich-
mond on September 26, and judged the Natural History exhibits made by the school
children of the county. These exhibits were on the whole satisfactory and showed
careful work, particularly on the part of the teachers.
Collections. — The collections of insects and plants in the Division have been
largely increased during the past year. Mr. Gibson, who has charge of the insect
cabinets, has mounted and placed a large number of specimens. The collection of
lepidoptera is now in excellent working order. Efforts will be made to build up the
reference collections of the other classes of insects as quickly as possible, as informa-
tion is being constantly sought for from the Division by the large number of students
in all parts of the Dominion who are giving so much attention to Nature Study. Mr.
Guignard has also added several hundred sheets of mounted plants to the herbarium
and a large number of defective specimens have been replaced by better. Several
valuable donations have been received from correspondents, of which the following
are worthy of special mention:
Anderson, J. R., Victoria, B.C. — Many specimens of rare British Columbian
plants.
Bilodeau, Arthur, Ottawa University. — ^Botanical specimen of Hiemcium mu-
romm.
REPORT OF THE EXTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTAMST 161
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Bush, A. H., Vancouver, B.C. — Some rare and mucli desired Bi'itisli Columbian
lepidoptera.
Cockle, J. W., Kaslo, B.C. — Eggs and larvae of interesting mountain lepidoptera.
Criddle, Norman, Aweme, Man. — Several rare western plants and moths; also
seeds of weeds.
Denny, Edward, ITontreal. — A beautiful series of Apantesis vittata, and living
larva?.
Dod, F. H. Wolley, Hillarville, Alta. — Eggs of rare western lepidoptera.
Dupret, Eev. Father H., Montreal. — Botanical specimens of the rare orchid
Epipactis viridiflora, found at Montreal; and of Sibhaldia procumhe'ns, from Mount
St. Hilaire, Que.
Eraser, George, Ucluelet, B.C. — Several living plants of western ferns and other
rare species of British Columbian plants, including Apargidium horeale, first found
in Canada by Mr. Eraser.
Erceborn, J. J., Dundas, Ont.— Several samples of interesting seeds.
Grellatly, D., Gellatly, B.C. — Seeds of cut-leaved variety of Sambucus melano-
carpa and Bihes viscosissimum, and specimens of the fungi which are stored by the
mountain squirrels as food in winter.
Harrington, "W. H., Ottawa. — Several specimens of rare Ottawa plants, some of
them new to the Ottawa list.
Harvey, E. V., Vancouver, B.C. — Two specimens of Thecla johnsoni, a new
species recently described from British Columbia ; also named specimens of rare flies
and other insects.
Keen, Rev. J. H., Metlakatia, B.C. — Specimens of unmounted lepidoptera.
Marmont, L. E., Rounthwaite, Man. — ^Larvte of Apantesis incorrupta and speci-
mens of several species of moths.
Miller, H. H., Guelph, Ont. — A beautiful collection of mounted specimens of the
principal weeds with their seeds, prepared specially for seedsmen and showing all
Fpecies mentioned in the Seed Control Act, 1905.
Petrin, Jos., MacNab's Island, Halifax, N.S. — A series of local forms of Saiyrus
alope and a pair of Argynnis aphrodite.
Stoker, Mrs., Cowichan Lake, B.C. — A collection of seeds of 130 species of British
Columbian wild plants.
Venables, E. P., Vernon, B.C. — Noctuid moths. from the Okanagan valley.
"Willing, T. N., Regina, N.W.T. — Specimens of western moths and botanical
specimens from various localities in the North-west Territories.
Young, C. H., Hurdman's Bridge, Ont. — A collection of specimens of beautifully
mounted microlepidoptera, all taken at Ottawa.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
JAMES FLETCHER,
Entomologist and Botanist.
16—11
162 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY.
CEREALS.
Cereal crops in all parts of the Dominion have been heavy and of excellent quality
in 1905. The unprecedented crop of about 85 millions of bushels of wheat in
Manitoba and the North-west has bountifully confirmed the sanguine anticipations of
those who justly have such confidence in the Great West. Oats, barley and other grains
have been equally satisfactory with the staple crop, wheat. There has been an enormous
increase over 1904 in the amount of fall wheat harvested in the rich lands of south-
•n.estern Alberta. Weather conditions, although such as to cause considerable anxiety
at times, from cool weather during growth, with frequent rains, proved to be most
propitious for the production of high quality grain. The long open autumn allowed
the enormous crop -to be safely garnered.
There were few adverse influences. Rust, although locally present, had little effect
on the main crop. Two weeks of hot weather just before harvest caused the grain to
ripen up all at once and rather prerftaturely ; but Mr. Willing writes at the end of the
season : ' Weeds were too abundant in many places, but I have heard of no serious
damage to grain crops by pests except in the early part of the season, by cutworms in
Alberta and parts of Assiniboia.' In Ontario, ' while a majority of correspondents
describe fall wheat as of good quality, some speak of the grain as being rather shrunken
and light in weight.' * Very little harm to the crop was reported from Hessian Fly or
other insects.' (Ontario Crop Report No. 90, for Nov. 1905). In Quebec, crops were
well up to the average. In New Brunswick a protracted summer drought. in some
parts reduced crops of all kinds, but early sown wheat threshed out a good yield.
In Nova Scotia the Secretary of Agriculture writes : ' On the whole, I think
the province may be congratulated upon having received a bountiful harvest. Hay,
oats, wheat and potatoes are the most important crops and have reached a high average.'
In Prince Edward Island Rev. A. E. Burke reports : ' No rust of any account on grain.
Wheat, oats and other grains, a bumper crop. In a very restricted circle Hessian Fly
and Joint Worm attacked the wheat.' Prof. Readey writes in the August Crop Report :
' The wheat crop is above the average. In the vicinities of New London, Stanley Bridge
and Cavendish, the wheat Joint Worm is reported as doing considerable damage.'
The Hessun Fly (Cecidomyia destructor. Say). — There is little mention of injury
by the Hessian Fly in Ontario during 1905, although in Prof. James's November Crop
Report it is stated that a few complaints were sent to his Department; but in no caM
was there serious damage. Slight attack was also noticed in Prince Edward Island.
A rather more considerable injury to the spring wheat crop occurred in Manitoba.
Several correspondents estimate the loss at about 5 per cent. All evidence so far at
hand indicates that the Hessian Fly in Manitoba is single-brooded, a fortunate fact
in this country, where such a large area is devoted to wheat. In Alberta there has
recently been an enormous increase in the acreage devoted to fall wheat; and, fortun-
ately, up to the present time, no trace of the Hessian Fly has been found in that pro-
vince. It will be well, however, for the fall wheat growers in the country to the south
of Calgary to be on the look out for this insect and be prepared to adopt the methods
of controlling it which have been so successful in the older provinces. Reports of the
presence of Hessian Fly began to come in at the end of August, and through the
courtesy of Mr. Geo. Batho, of the Nor-west Farmer, Winnipeg, I have been allowed to
REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 163
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
consult tlie correspondence which was sent in to his paper on the subject. The district
over which the Hessian Fly injured wheat crops to some extent, was the whole south
of the province, west of the Red River, and a short way into the North-west Territories.
Mr. Batho, writing on October 9, says: —
* There was some loss due to the Hessian Fly over a large area in the southern part
of the province; some fields about Morden, Roland and Carman were badly struck;
but the attack was not general in all fields in any other part of the country. From
most of our reports it would appear that the heavy crops escaped, but the light ones
were always likely to be attacked. It seems to me that this can be explained by the
heavy crops occurring on land which had been summer-fallowed, and where con-
sequently no flies had wintered over, while the light crops were on stubble land that had
been cropped last year and which might have been affected to some extent, although the
injury was not noticed.'
' Xov. 22. — I have found out since I last wrote, that the loss from the Hessian
Fly is probably greater than one might suppose from any reports that have been pub-
lished. A farmer at Griswold told me the other day that there was considerable loss
in that district At Portage la Prairie there was heavy loss, and one farmer stated his
belief that there was a small amount of loss every year and had been for several sea-
sons past.' — Geo. Batiio.
There is little doubt that loss from the Hessian Fly was larger than was generally
recognized; but, owing to the heavy crop of wheat all through the country, little atten-
tion was paid to this matter. Unfortunately, many of the farmers of the West take
the mistaken view of the subject that is expressed in a letter upon this outbreak,
published in the Nor-west Farmer of September 5 last, where the writer says : ' I
think the estimate of 5 per cent not too high for the loss. Where I am cutting, I
expect 35 or 40 bushels per acre, so I do not kick about a little loss.' The writer evi-
dently does not appreciate that the little loss of this year may multiply, under favoiir-
able circumstances, into an enormous one next year. The article referred to in the
Nor-west Farmer was very timely, and stated the facts of the case plainly and well,
giving the life history of the insect, the best remedies, and concluding with the follow-
ing wise statement: —
' The principal reason why care should be taken to destroy the pupse of the Hessian
Fly this fall, is of course to prevent the possibility of a much more serious attack next
year.'
The following extracts from correspondence show how widespread the attack was
in Manitoba, and the probable loss : —
' Aug. 28, Virden, Man. — Crops are apparently good ; but, when the binder goes
into th^ field, they do not show up so well. We are able, by lowering the binder, to
pick up most of the grain; but the sample is not as good as the rest of the field.' —
A. P. Power.
' Aug. 29, Pilot Mound, Man. — It seems to be all through the crop of wheat this
year.' — J. S. Moffatt.
' Sept. 2, Wellwyn, Sask. — The insects are located between the sheath and the
straw itself. The damage will amount to from two to three bushels to the acre, as it
is impossible to pick up all heads with the binder.' — F. J. Collyer.
' Sept. 7, Reston, Man. — I first noticed the Hessian Fly at Roland. Most farmers
showed no interest in the matter, saying that the trouble occurred to the same extent
every year. One old Ontario farmer, however, who knew the tiessian Fly, deplored its
appearance, remembering the harm that it had done in Ontario. At Miami I found a
few flax seeds in a late crop and a few at Belmont and Reston. The field at Roland
would average 5 per cent injury all over; but in some patches it would be more than
double that.' — John McBeax.
* Sept. Y, Portage la Prairie, Man. — I noticed damage from Hessian Fly seemed
to be much worse after two days of heavy wind towards the last of cutting. Crops on
16—11*
161 EXPEnniENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
some of the older land were injured to the extent of 5 per cent or more These summer-
fallows on new land did not seem to be so bad.' — ^D. W. McKirdy.
' Oct. 31, Cartwright, Man. — We have a little Hessian Fly here, but some miles
away further south it was very bad. I put a letter in the local paper, advising farmers
to burn straw even more liberally than they have been in the habit of doing.' — E. F.
Heath.
' Sept. 7, "Wellwyn, Sask. — Hessian Fly has done great harm to the wheat crop here
this year.' — John Hislop,
There seems to have been no uniformity of opinion as to the crop conditions which
attracted the females when they were laying eggs, some farmers stating that the heavy
crops on summer-fallowed land were worst attacked, while others claimed that exactly
the opijosite was the case. The following letter from Mr. L. E. Marmont, who has
made a study of insects and their habits is of interest : —
' ISTov. 28, Eounthwaite, Man. — I regret to say that the damage in this neighbour-
hood from Hessian Fly during the past summer was the worst since 1902. On summer-
fallows, where the wheat was heaviest, there were so many broken down straws that it
interfered with the proper working of the binder. Cutting had to be done so low down
to get the bent over stuff, that it resulted in long ragged sheaves and an amount of
straw which made an appreciiible difference in the time taken in threshing. I examined
straws in many fields and found from three to five fiax-seeds at a joint. Many of these,
I found, were very light and apparently dead. We had some extremely warm days dur-
ing harvest, and this may have affected some of them. The wheat itself in injured
stems was almost as plump as the unaffected; so, we cut as low as possible so as to get
it. I have urged all my neighbours to try and bum their stubble, if possible; but the
fall has not been very favourable in this way, still a good deal has been burned over,
and, if the spring is dry, more will be done then. Threshing was so slow and the ground
was frozen up so early that the area of fall ploughing is the smallest ever known ; con-
sequently, little has been done in this way against the fly, and I fear we shall have a
repetition of the spring damage to the young wheat, such as we had in the spring of
1903, unless the stubble is burnt over or turned down early. I think that from three
to five bushels per acre would be a conservative estimate of the damage round here.'
'Dec. 8. — My son and I think that in Blyth and the surrounding district, the
damage to wheat from the Hessian Fly would be about five per cent. The early sown
grain would be less and the late a little more.' — G. S. Charleson.
The Location of the Injury. — The larvae of the Hessian Fly attack the stems of
wiheat, barley and rye, either in the root shoots of fall-sown grain, in autumn as well
as in spring, before the stems are formed or of spring grain in the root shoots or at
the second joint above the root. The minute red eggs are laid on the leaves by very
small gnats half the size of an ordinary mosquito, during June or soon after the young
plants appear above the ground. The appearance of the flies and the hatching of the
eggs are, however, very much influenced by weather conditions. Both of these may be
accelerated by warm damp weather, or the emergence may be delayed by diy cold
weather. After emerging, the mature flies pair at once, lay their eggs, and in a very
few days disappear. It is claimed that the Hessian Fly does not travel very far from
the field where it develops from the puparia or flax-seeds. This is an important point,
indicating the necessity of treating fields which are known to have been infested to a
certain extent. As soon as the little maggots hatch from the eggs, they work their way
down to the base of the leaf sheaths and attack the young stem at its junction with the
leaf. Frequently the stem is r-evented from forming and the shoot is destroyed; but
a very few days' delay in the time of the laying of the eggs or of the hatching of the
larvse, enables the stem to begin to shoot up; and, when this takes place, they nearly
always develop and form an ear. In this latter case, the injury is of course much less
than when the shoot is destroyed. The larvse lie at the base of the leaf and attack the
succulent tei;der straw just above the joint, sucking the sap and gradually forming a
RErORT OF THE EXTOMOLOGIST AXD DOTAyiST 165
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
more or less noticeable dejDression in the soft stem inside which they lie. When only
one or two maggots occur on a straw the injury is not very severe and attacked stems
when not knocked down by high wind at harvest time may produce fairly heavy grain.
Sometimes, however, the maggots suck the sap to such an extent that the stem is killed
at the point of injury and the tissues separate, when the stem falls over, displacing the
flax-seeds and mriking them appear as if they had formed inside the stem. This was the
case last season in Manitoba and caused uncertainty on the part of some observant far-
mers as to the identity of the insect which had done the injury. I am obliged to rhy
correspondent, Mr. Sanford Manson, for calling my attention to this matter; for it
should certainly be mentioned when describing the nature of the attack of the Hessian
Fly. Ho writes :—
' Xov. 23, Sperling, Man. — I send a few wheat stems that have suffered from insect
attack this summer. I have just received a very welcome bulletin (No. 52) which
treats of insects; but I cannot find anything which resembles it nearer than the Hes-
sian Fly ; only the description of that insect states that it is found on the outside of the
stem beneath the sheath of the leaf. You will notice that this pupa is inside the stem.
I spoke to a number of farmers about the matter, and they all agreed that the pupa
was inside the stem. It did not seem to affect the wheat very much, as the broken down
heads were as well filled as the standing ones; but in some fields the loss from breaking
down so low was that the binders could not pick it up. This made considerable loss,
variously estimated at from two to five bushels per acre. It seems to have been general
in this diistrict. About the last of September it was found that the pupa had developed
and the grub had eaten its way out. Therefore, it is only the deserted shell, which I
•am sending you. Both early and late sown wheat suffered.'
The material sent showed that some of the flax-seeds were as stated inside the
straw; but in these cases the injured straw was blackened from decay, and shreaded
and broken up by the twisting of the straw at the time it bent and fell over. By
softening the stems in water and examining them carefully, the cavity in which the
larvte had lain while active could always be traced; and, although this depression was
deeply dented into the stem, it was actually on the outside of it, beneath the base of
the leaf sheath. Mr. Manson and some other correspondents have referred to empty
flax-seeds being found on the stems in autumn. This is an important matter as it in-
dicates the probability that parasites or other natural enemies have been at work, and
H is therefore a very hopeful sign for the future.
There are several' parasites which prey upon the Hessian Fly, and their good
offices in the past have been the chief cause of the sudden disappearance from infested
districts of this serious enemy of the farmer. When emerging naturally, the pupa of
the Hessian Fly works its way out of the brown flax-seed-like puparium and the gauzy,
empty, pupa-case is left, protruding conspicuously from the end. A parasite on leaving
the puparium gnaws a ragged hole which may be in any part of the puparium. In
Manitoba there is only one brood of the Hessian Fly. The puparia are found in the
late summer. By harvest time all the larvae have turned to the flax-seed stage, and
Ihe flies do not emerge until the following June. A knowledge of the habits of the
insect in Manitoba suggests the best remedial measures. The puparia of all the mag-
gots which attack the root shoots in early summer, and most of those on the straw
are left in the stubble fields after the wheat is cut. An effective way of disposing of
these is, when it is conveniently possible, to bum over the stubbles before the follow-
ing year and to plough down the land deeply before the next crop is sown. The burn-
ing will destroy a great many of the insects, and the ploughing will put them so deep
down that the delicate flies, when they emerge, cannot reach the surface. In years of
bad infestation a great effort should be made to get as much fall ploughing done as
possible, so as to reduce the danger of infested stubble fields being left for summer -
fallowing, owing to the pressure of spring work. As it is necessary to cut low to pick
up fallen ^rain, many of the flax-seeds will be carried with the straw. At threshiu''
168 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD Vli., A. 1906
time most of these will fall with the rubbish beneath the machine, or will be left in
■<he straw. All dust and screenings, therefore, should be destroyed, and all straw and
pmall seeds should either be used up during the winter or burnt before spring. In
Ontario and the eastern provinces there are two annual broods of the Hessian Fly.
The flies of the first brood appear in June and lay their eggs on spring and fall wheat
and on rye and barley. Of the second brood the flies appear in September and lay their
eggs on fall wheat and fall rye. Wheat, barley and rye are the only known food plants
of the Hessian Fly in America, and neither oats nor the grasses are attacked.
The remedies which have given the best results against the autumn brood are
late sowing and careful preparation of the land, so as to induce a vigorous growth.
The Western Wheat-stem Sawfly (Cephvs occidentalis, Riley & Marlatt). —
For several years the larva of a wheat-stem sawfly has done some injury to growing
wheat at different places in Manitoba and the North-west Territories. It was at first
supposed, from the similarity of the attack and from a few reared specimens, that the
insect was the European species, Cephus pygmceus, L., which had appeared suddenly
in injurious numbers at Ithaca, N.Y., in 1889. This attack was treated of at length
by Prof. Comst^ck in Cornell Agricultural College Bulletin No. 11, 1889. The fol-
lowing year the insect disappeared entirely, and nothing has been seen of its work
from that time. In previous reports I have referred to this western sawfly as 0.
pygmceus, but recently specimens of our North-western insect have been submitted to
Prof. A. D. MacGillivray, of Cornell University, who has identified them as Cephus
occidentalis, Eiley and Marlatt. The insect has been studied by Mr. Norman Criddle,
of Aweme, Man., and he has added very materially to our knowledge of the species
and its work. He has discovered its native food plants and also that these are far
more attractive to it than the wheat plant, which it occasionally infests.
' July 10, Aweme, Man. — I collected several specimens of the Cephus yesterday.
They were all resting on Agropyrum caninurro. So far, I have been unable to find
them elsewhere ; and, though they are always found rather plentifully around the edges
nf wheat or indeed anywhere, infesting the above grass, I have very seldom been able
to find wheat plants attacked by them. I have not yet been able to get hold of the
species which breeds in Ammophila longifolia; but I am confident that it will prove
to be a distinct species, as the larva is very different, being quite yellow in colour,
while that of the Agropyrum species, C. occidentalis, is white,'
' July 30. — I found to-day two stalks of wheat infested by Cephus and several
stems of Agropyrum were found also attacked within a few feet of them. I after-
wards hunted over a large area of wheat, but was unable to find another wheat plant
which was infested, though any amoiant of Agropynim caninum was found which had
been attacked. In several cases the grass was in the wheat fields. I think, therefore,
that the wheat being attacked must be considered an accidental occurrence. At the
same time, if the grass failed for any reason to form heads, these insects might pos-
sibly develop into a i)est of some magnitude.'
' Aug. 4. — Two more stalks of wheat have been found attacked by the Agropyrum
Cephus in a place where that plant was rare. I also found it quite numerously yester-
day infesting our native quack grass, Agropyrum glaucum, R. & S., var. occidentale,
V. & S.'
' Aug. G. — Cephus occidentalis has now been found here, feeding in the following
grasses: Agropyrum caninum, A. glaucum, var. occidentale, and A. tenerum, and also
in rye and wheat, the first named and possibly the second being the native food plants,
the others being only occasionally attacked.' — Normax Criddle.
From the above it is evident that several native grasses are more attractive to the
Western Wheat-stem Sawfly than is wheat. Some of the above species of grasses are
common in almost all parts of the West, and their occurrence may be hoped to protect
wheat from serious attack under ordinary circumstances. Should the larvae, however,
REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 167
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
at any time occur in noticeable numbers in a growing crop of wheat, it may be re-
membered that they pass the winter on the fields in the bases of straws, which they have
cut off before spinning the siUien cocoons in which they winter over, close to the sur-
face of the ground. The stubbles in fields which have been infested, should, therefore,
be burnt over in autumn or spring, or should be ploughed dow.n deeply before the
middle of June, so_ as to make it impossible for the flies to work their way up to the
surface. Stubble fields left for summer-fallowing should be turned down early in
June; and, should the insect at any time become more destructive than it has in the
past, early summer-fallowing should be practised every other year.
The Joixt Worm (Isosoma tritici. Fitch). — Injuries to grain crops in Canada by
Joint Worms are seldom complained of; but during the past summer there have been
a few outbreaks which have been serious, although restricted as to area. These were
in western Ontario and in Prince Edward Island. Mr. T. D. Jarvis, of the Agricul-
tural College, at Guelph, reports that the Joint Worm was abundant and destructive at
Guelph. Mr. D. C. Dewhurst also reported it from Cottam in Essex county, and Mr.
E. J. Doake from Millbrook, Durham county. Notwithstanding these local occurrences
there were few references to Joint Worms in correspondence. In Prince Edward Island
the loss from Joint Worms seems to have been more severe. Through the kindness of
the Rev. Father Burke I learnt of the occurrence and obtained particulars. The Joint
Worm was frequently found in the same fields with the Hessian Ely and the Wheat
Midge. The two last, however, were in much smaller numbers than the first.
' Aug. 22, Bayview, P.E.I. — Find inclosed sections of wheat straw with diseased
joints. There is considerable damage to wheat in this locality. The disease is always
in the top joint. If this increases here, I fear very much for our wheat crop another
year.' — Walter Simpson.
' Sep. 17, Darnley, P.E.I. — Herewith I send samples of injured wheat straw. What
is the cause of the swollen and bent stem ? Many fields are affected with these distorted
joints and short straw. Some fields are half gone.' — William Bassett.
' Aug. 22, Park Corners, P.E.I. — I send sample of my wheat. The whole crop was
destroyed by some kind of vermin which has also destroyed all wheat about here.' —
Alex. Campbell.
' Nov. 17, Kensington, P.E.I. — I learn by inquiry that the Joint Worm has been
troublesome in lots 18 and 19 in Prince county, and on lot 20 in Queen's. There are
also a few other places. Wliere the crop was light, the damage was almost complete.
In strong growing grain there w-as only slight loss.' — John Anderson.
' Aug. 14, Malpeque, P.E.I. — I send you samples of wheat which have been affected
while growing, by two different enemies. You will notice that some stalks have a
swollen joint just below the head, which has turned it at about a right angle to the
stalk. I have opened some of these and find small maggots. Another trouble seems to
be that the stalk is eaten almost off very near to the base, so that it dies. These two
troubles are causing great damage in this vicinity. Some of our wheat fields in this
vicinity, especially in Long River and French River, are much injured, so that some
farmers are cutting dowm their grain for feed.' — Rev, E. J. Rattee.
Upon examining these samples, it was found that they were badly attacked by th<3
Joint Worm and also by the Hessian Fly. There were also a few specimens of the
red larvae of the Wheat Midge clustered round the kernels of the wheat in the ear.
Mr. Rattee was informed what the insects were, and it was suggested that the
stubble should be ploughed down deeply directly the crop was cut. In his reply, he
points out that there would be diificulty in getting farmers to do this because of the
prevailing practice of seeding down with a wheat crop, for hay the following year.
This, of course, would be a difficiilty everywhere; but, as the Joint Worm distorts the
steins so that a large number of the hardened joints occur so close to the ground that
they are left on the fields with the stubble, it will be found a paying practice even to
plough down these new meadows after a single year's growth, rather than to leave them
168 EXPERniENTAL FARM13
5-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
for hay while there is any risk of aliowing the Joint Worm to increase. Moreover, if
a few pounds of clover seed are mixed with the grass seed at the time of sowing, the
growth of clover will much more than pay for the seed used by the extra fertility thus
added to the soil. Mr. Rattee states that the areas specially infested in his district were
the western portion of Queen's county and the eastern part of Prince county.
The standard remedies for Joint Worms are deep ploughing or the burning over of
stubble before the insects emerge in spring, the destruction of straw and screenings,
and a short rotation of crops, with high farming to keep up the fertility of the soil.
Prof. F. M. Webster, who has made a special study of the insect enemies of small
grains, writes on this subject in Circular No. 66, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, as
follows : ' There are no known remedies for Joint Worms ; but there are several pre-
ventive measures that are not -impracticable and are reasonably efficient. The Joint
Worm Convention which was held many years ago at Warrenton in Virginia, recom-
mended officially that a better system of farming be adopted, with the use of guano
and other fertilizers, to promote a rapid growth and early ripening of the grain, and
also the burning of stubble, all of which are as advisable to-day as they were at that
time. The most serious ravages are observed on thin or impoverished soils, especially
along the margins of the fields infested. Anything, then, that tends to add vigour to
the young growing grain, will constitute a preventive measure. Burning the stubble
where this is practicable, is, of course, most efficacious ; but, over the larger portion of
the territory ravaged by this pest, it is customary to seed for grass after wheat, and
under this condition burning over the stubble fields is impossible. Such fields should
be raked over with an ordinary hay rake and the loosened stubble removed and burned
before the adults emerge in spring.'
If the straw can be cut low enoiigh to carry the larva-bearing joints from the field
with the crop, the using up of this straw before spring would dispose of the insects in
a satisfactory manner. It must not be forgotten that at threshing time many of the
broken off hardened pieces of straw become separated and are carried through with
the grain or with the rubbish. These, therefore, must be attended to in some way
which will destroy the larvae or prevent them from hatching in the spring. All screen-
ings are far better for feed when crushed, and the larvas in the refuse might be de-
stroyed by placing this in a cattle yard, where it would be trodden into the sodden
earth, or into a fresh manure pile, where the insects would be destroyed by the heat of
fermentation or by being saturated with the ammoniacal liquids.
The Wheat Midge (Diplosis tritici, Kirby). — ^In my last year's report I referred
to an outbreak of this old enemy of the wheat grower, in the Chilliwack valley of
British Columbia. As it was thought possible that the injury might recur this year,
a full account of the life history was then given, with a list of the best remedies.
During the past summer the Wheat Midge again appeared and w.as the cause of much
loss. Mr. Thomas A. Sharpe, the Superintendent of the Experimental Farm for British
Columbia, reports as follows: —
' Agassiz, July 19. — Our spring wheat is badly infested with weevil ( ^= Wheat
Midge). Last year it took a large share of Chilliwack spring wheat and some late
patches on this side. This year it is taking every one's crop so far as I can hear.'
In 190-i the British Columbia outbreak was the only one reported; but during
the season of 1905 I have received reports that the Wheat Midge has been detected at
one or two localities in Ontario and in Prince Edward Island. Undoubted specimens
were received from the Rev. E. J. Rattee, of Malpeque, P.E.I., and Dr. Charles E.
Saunders handed me a specimen found at Ottawa in wheat grown on the Experimental
Farm. He further tolls me that he found a few of the larvae last year, when examining
hybrid wheats produced in the experimental plots. He also gave me grains of wheat
showing the characteristic injury of this insect. In the Ontario Crop Report for
August last it is stated that, although all correspondents are silent as to the presence
of Hessian Fly, three or four mention injury from either Midge or Joint Worm.
REPOW OF THE EXTOMOLOGIST AXD EOT AX I ST 169
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
As this minute insect is capable of causing enormous losses in the wlieat crop,
should it increase in numbers, it seems well to repeat the remedies which have given
the best results.
Remedies. — The remedies for the Wheat Midge depend largely upon the way it
passes the winter. The methods which have given the best results are as follows : —
(1) Deep ploughing directly the crop is carried, so as to bury the larvae so deep
that the flies cannot work their way out through the soil.
(2) The burning of all chafi:', dust or rubbish know.n as 'screenings' or 'tail-
ings ' from beneath the threshing machines, as these contain many of the larvae which
are carried with the crop. If fed to chickens or domestic animals, this should be done
in a place where none of the puparia can escape destruction.
(3) Clean farming, including the cutting of all grasses along the edges of
fields and the ploughing down of all volunteer crops found in wheat fields before winter
sets in, so as to destroy an autumn brood where one exists.
(4) The cultivation of such varieties of wheat as experience has shown are least
afiected by this insect.
Cutworms in graix. — There have been rather extensive injuries by cutworms in
grain fields in some parts of Manitoba and the North-west Territories during 1905.
The worst of these were in the Edmonton district and other points in ISTorthern
Alberta, and in Northern Manitoba. Very few specimens were sent with these com-
plaints of injury, farmers for the most part failing to see the importance of forward-
ing samples of what they consider such a well known x)est. This, however, is far from
being the case, and it would help most materially in many instances toward getting
prompt and useful advice if specimens were sent. There are a great many kinds of
cutworms, all of which vary somewhat in their habits. The points of value to a
specialist when advising farmers how to avoid loss, are the exact identity of the species
at work, because the habits, the ordinary food plant, usual time of attaining full
growth, when power to do injuiy to crop ceases, and many other points which bear on
the choice of the most practical remedy to be recommended, are already known for
many species of cutworms. A glance at specimens of the insects is of far more use
than the longest descriptions of the cutworms by those who are not used to describing
insects. From such specimens as were sent, it is evident that the greater part of the
loss in many different kinds of crops was due to the Red-backed Cutworm (Paragrotis
ochre gaster, Gn.). This is a very wide-spread species, occurring from Nova Scotia to
British Columbia. The caterpillar, when full grown, is nearly two inches long; it is
very voracious, and will attack almost all succulent vegetation. It is the species which
has leen the cause of by far the greater part of the loss in grain fields of the West
during recent years.
The following letters, chosen from many received, indicate the nature of the in-
festation : —
' June 10, Eegina. — Cutworms, mostly P. ochrogaster, are making havoc in
wheat and oat crops up the Edmonton line.' — T. N. Willixg.
' June 12, Edmonton. — I send specimens of worms that have been destroying the
grain about a mouth. They seem to be most destructive on summer-fallow, although
they are now working on spring ploughing and new breaking. Thej^ have completely
destroyed about ten acres of oats and barley for me, and partly destroyed some wheat.
They have destroyed grain over a large part of this country, some having lost from
one-third to one-half of their crop. They are now crawling over the ground by the
thousand and are working on grain that is ten inches high.' — John N. Kerr.
' June 12, Winnipeg, Man. — I have just returned from a week's farmers' insitute
work in the Swan River and Dauphin districts in Northern Manitoba. At Dauphin
a number of the farmers were complaining that considerable damage had been done
170 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS »
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 190S
io the crops by cutworms. One farmer, Alex. Birrs, of Dauphin, had had about ten
acres of his oat field entirely cleaned out by this pest.' — Geo. Batho.
'June 20, Dauphin, Man. — I have sent by this mail a pill-box containing about
ten cutworms gathered from my barley field, together with a few of the stems cut off
by them, including a sunflower stem, which was not cut through entirely, but so
nearly so that the plant had fallen to the ground. When I last wrote, the cutworms
were working in my neighbour's wheat; but on Friday last they appeared in my barley,
although half a mile intervenes, which is sown to wheat. These pests are very pre-
valent in the Dauphin district. I had an idea that their spreading arose from allow-
ing fallows to grow up in weeds. Their appearance in my barley confirms this idea,
as my barley field was not ploughed until spring. A part which was fall-ploughed is
free of cutworms. I will be glad of your opinion of this matter.' — Thomas C. Robson.
' November 21, Winnipeg, Man. — Cutworms have been noticeable in some dis-
tricts during the past season. Reports in a few cases indicated that crops of oats and
wheat had to be ploughed up; but the extent of the damage from this post could not
be considered in general to be alarming. It is sufiicient, however, to show that in
future this iiisect will have to be considered by the agriculturists of Manitoba, and
perhaps, in some districts, a system of cultivation, adopted that will tend to retard
its reproduction.' — W. J. Black.
The poisoned bran remedy for cutworms is so remarkably effective that I cannot
understand how it is farmers who suffer year after year from these enemies, do not
remember about it and save their crops. On the whole, I know of no remedy for any
injurious insect which has given better results. I can only suppose that the reason
why it is not more used, is that, owing to the large size of grain fields, added to the fact
that the cutworms do their injury at night, farmers do not at first notice them and
then give up in despair, thinking that nothing can be done. A noticeable feature in
nearly all the letters received was that these outbreaks occurred on land where vegeta-
tion had been left standing the autumn before, either in stubble fields or upon, so-called
summer-fallows which had been allowed to grow up to weeds late in autumn, because
it was thought that, as the weeds could not ripen seeds after the last harrowing, they
could do no harm. The presence of vegetation on land in autumn, however, attracts the
female moths which lay the eggs from which cutworms are produced. Therefore, all
summer-fallows should be kept thoroughly clean right up to cold weather in autumn.
Another noticeable fact with regard to the habits of the Bed-backed Cutworm is its
tendency, when occurring in large numbers, to take the habit of the true Army Worm
and march from field to field in search of food. This enables farmers who are alert to
head off their advance by placing poisoned bait in their way, which they will eat as soon
as they reach it and will be killed in large numbers. If bran cannot be conveniently
obtained, any kind of coarse vegetation may be used, — lamb's-quarters, grass, or weeds
tied in loose bundles — taking as much as can be grasped in the hand at one time for
each bundle, and then dipping these into water containing about an ounce of Paris
green to 5 gallons of water. These bundles should be placed about six or eight feet
apart, in advance of the army of caterpillars. If bran can be obtained, the mixture
should be made dry enough to be broadcasted lightly through the grain or in such places
where the cutworms are most abundant. The food habits of the Eed-backed Cutworm
are remarkable and differ in this respect from almost any other insect known to me.
Sometimes a horde of these caterpillars will attack by preference some particular kind
of plant and leave other things untouched. They have been found to occur in weedy
wheat fields and confine their attention entirely to the lamb's-quarters and other weeds.
In other places they will attack oats and leave everything else untouched, and, even
when an oat field joins a wheat field, they will sjtop when they reach the wheat and
wander on long distances in search of other food. At other places it will be the wheat
that is destroyed and oats will escape. From the above, it is plain that some little obser-
vation and thought will be of advantage when an attack is noticed, and it may even
REPORT OF TEE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST ^ 171
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
be found wise on special occasions to leave a horde of cutworms alone all the time tliey
are confining themselves to weeds, but to watch them carefully and have everything
ready to apply the poisoned baits, should they change their taste and turn to the far-
mer's crops. What I 'wish to point out to farmers now, is that in outbreaks of cut-
worms, both in gardens and also in field crops, the poisoned bran is a practical remedy
which they will do well to try, over a small space, at any rate, whether they believe in
its efiicacy or not. I have occasionally met people at farmers' institute meetings who
jeered at this remedy and declared that it was of no use. In every instance, however,
I have found, upon pressing the matter, that it had never been tried by those 'w'ho con-
demned it. In field practice, then, it is plain we have two good remedies for cutworms,
first the keeping down of all weedg in the autumn, so that the egg laying female moths
may not be attracted to the fields, and the poisoned bran or poisoned bait in spring,
when the cutworms are found at work.
Grasshoppers or Locusts, — The same satisfactory report which was made last
year with regard to the injurious occurrence of locusts in Manitoba can be repeated
for 1905, The only injuries by these insects which were brought to my notice in
1905, were in Manitoba, and were of a trifling nature. This was probably largely due
to the nature of the season in those districts, where in the past they have done so
much harm, Mr. W. J. Black, the Deputy Minister of Agriculture for Manitoba,
writing on this subject, says : ' That celebrated Manitoba intruder, the grasshopper,
was not in evidence during the past year to- the same extent as previously. A few
farmers in the municipality of South Cypress found it necessary to use Paris green
to destroy the insects during the early summer; but, owing no doubt to an abundant
rainfall in the season when crops were growing, no serious damage has resulted.
Mr. Norman Griddle, of Aweme, Man., says: — 'Locusts are no longer trouble-
some here. In the Stockton district a strip of wheat on light soil was noticed which
had b^en eaten into for about fifteen feet. This was the only place that I have heard
of where any damage was done, and, so far as I could see, no effort had been made to
stop their depredations.
The Pea Moth (Semasia nigricana, Steph.). — The caterpillars of the Pea Moth
were abundant in ISTova Scotia and New Brunswick, and also in some parts of Que-
bec province and in northern Ontario, In the past there is no doubt that injury by
this insect has been confused with that of the Pea Weevil, This is "largely due to the
foolish and widespread use of the word ' bug,' for every kind of insect ; but in this
case I find that it has been the cause of the useless expense and trouble in treating
a large number of seed peas for an insect which was nowhere near the seed but was
passing the winter safely in the fields where it had destroyed a crop the previous year.
The Pea Moth has come much more into prominence during the past two seasons,
owing to the almost total absence from our Canadian pea fields of the Pea Weevil
{Bruclins pisorum, L,). The presence of the Pea Moth in Canada as an enemy of cul-
tivated crops may be said to be a regular occurrence in all the eastern provinces, from
Ihe Atlantic seaboard as far as the eastern counties of Ontario. In the province of
Ontario, although sometimes widespread and serious outbreaks occur, they are of a
very intermittent nature and for many years no injury can be detected in cultivated
peas. There is, however, in wild leguminous plants a native insect with a very similar
caterpillar, which is widely distributed through most parts of Canada. Although the
work of this insect has been detected many times, up to the present the moths have
not been reared.
Owing to the importance of the injury by the Pea Moth, I have, when occasion
arose, tried experiments to see whether spraying the peas immediately after the pods
were formed with a poisoned soap mixture might not be effective in the same way
that a similar treatment is for the Codling Moth. The insect occurs so seldom at
Ottawa that it is difficult to arrange experiments. Some years ago Mr, J, E, Wetmore,
172 EXPERIMIJXTAL FARMS
5-C EDWARD VII., A. 1906
of Clifton, N.B., kindly carried out for me some experiments which, seemed to inJicato
that this might be a useful remedy; but I regret to say that some careful investigations
recently made by Mr. Saxby Blair, at the Experimental Farm at Nappaii, Xiova
Scotia, have not confirmed these good results. The exact history of our American
Pea Moth has never yet bean traced; but it is to be presumed that the eggs are laid
on the young pods as soon as these are formed, and that the caterpillars eat their way
into them and attack the forming seeds. It was hoped that, by distributing a thin
film of poison over the plants and pods, the young caterpillars would be poisoned
when eating their way in. On account of the waxy covering on the surface of all
parts of the pea plant, whale-oil soap was added to the poison mixture to make it ad-
here. For early peas the application was Paris green I lb., whale-oil soap 1 lb., water
40 gallons. The plots were sprayed just after the pods were formed, and one applica-
tion only was made. The early varieties of peas used were the Alaska, Gradus and
American Wonder. The pods were gathered about 10 days after the spraying, and,
when the treated and untreated lots of 500 pods each were examined, it was found
that there was practically no difference in the amount of infestation, which ranged
from 3 to 11 per cent. For late peas, the amount of Paris green was doubled for a
second application, that is, these peas received two sprayings, the first on July 20,
with the J lb. mixture of Paris green, and the second on July 29, with half a pound.
The pods were not gathered until August 17, and the results were no better than in the
other experiments. Where the poison was used, 22 per cent of the pods were wormy;
end where none was used, there were a few more, i.e., 27 per cent. It is possible that
a knowledge of the full life histoiy of this insect may give a suggestion as to a prac-
tical remedy, and efforts will be made to obtain these data as soon as possible.
The remedies which have given the best results, are the planting of peas as earlj'
as possible and sowing the earliest ri]>ening varieties. For table use any variety which
can be grown ready for the table by the first week in July, will be free from attack.
As this insect passes the winter as a caterpillar inside a silken cocoon spun in the
ground beneath the plant upon the seeds of which it had fed, it is of course advisable
to adopt the common sense practise to use land for the new crop as far as possible
removed from fields which have been used previously for the cultivation of seed pease.
As soon as the crop is picked, all pea vines should at once be burnt so as to destroy
bmall and imperfect pods which frequently contain the larvse of the moth.
The perfect insect which lays the eggs from which the ' pea worms ' hatch is a
small gray moth three-eighths of an inch in length when the wings are closed, which
is able to fly a considerable distance. A correspondent was good enough to give me the
following information which may be of use in working out the complete life history
of this insect. Mr. W. E. Taylor, writing from Beaverton, Ont., on Nov. 25, says :
* I wish to ask you about the statement in Bulletin 52, where you recommend
to sow pease as far as possible from the previous year's pea field. I sowed my pease
this year more than a mile from any other pea field and pease have not been grown near
here for three years. The crop was wormy. We have no ' Bug ' or true Pea Weevil
here, so they were the caterpillars of the Pea moth. The seed was sown about May 20,
and it was an early kind, the June or Dan O'Rourke. How did the pest get here ? Da
the moths lay eggs on the dry pease and gum them over ? '
In the above instance the moths must have flown from a distance to lay their eggs.
These, as stated above, are laid outside the pea pods, while these latter are green and
Boft.
FODDER CROPS.
Fodder crops were, on the whole, very satisfactory. Large crops of hay were
secured in the west, and the prairies provided good pasture all through the summer.
Brcme grass and Western Eye grass are being m.ore grown every year. * Pastures (in
REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 173
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Ontario) were in from fair to good condition during the summer and fall, and this
favoured all classes of live stock. Cold, wet weather at time of planting gave corn a
set back; but midsummer conditions were so favourable that corn picked up in a
wonderful way. Most returns show an average yield.' — C. C. James, Nov. Crop Bull.
The same conditions and results as prevailed in Ontario, were also found in
Quebec and parts of New Brunswick. For the last named province, generally speaking,
the crop of hay was good; some counties cut more than ever before, but a cold, wet
spring followed by a long drought was severely felt in some places. The returns from
Nova Scotia in all but two or three counties show fodder crops were well above the
average. ' We have had a better season for the growth of crops than for several years,
that is, if we except apples.' (B. W. Chipman.) In Prince Edward Island ' Hay crops
were almost up to the average. Clover and timothy were somewhat light owing to the
drought of last year. Hay was saved in good condition. In very few places is corn
reported below the average.' (J. C. Eeadey.) There was no serious loss in fodder
crops from insects. Cutworms, as is the case every year, were troublesome in some
places early in the season, but the season allowed of gaps being filled by resowing.
Near ITontreal the Com Root Maggot was reported in corn fields where germination
of the seed had been delayed by cool, dry weather. Clover, although very much attacked
by the Clover-seed Midge in Ontario, gave very heavy crops of hay in all the eastern
provinces of the Dominion. The Clover Leaf Weevil and the Green Clover Weevil
were reported from the Ottawa district, the former for the first time, and the Eed-
iieaded Flea-beetle {Systena frontalis, Fab.) from Ottawa and Guelph; but no ap-
preciable injury was wrought. Clover Dodder was frequently inquired about from the
abundance of the seed in clover seed sold. In one instance a crop of alfalfa at St. .
Mary's, Ont., was much injured.
The Rose Chafer {Macrodactylus subspinosus. Fab.). — This well known enemy
of the fruit grower and flower gardener has this year appeared in a new role. Towards
the end of June last the Steele, Briggs Seed Co., of Toronto, sent me several specimens
of the Rose Chafer beetles, with the surprising statment that they had been taken
from a 20-acre field of fodder corn, growing near Priceville, Ont., which they had been
attacking for two days. The corn at the time was about eight inches high, and grow-
ing very thriftily. There was no appearance whatever of any trouble four days before
the letter was written; but the beetles appeared in vast numbers on June 26, and
covered about two-thirds of the field, averaging about twenty insects to a plant, and
began to devour the leaves. Naturally a remedy was asked for as soon as possible, as
it was claimed that no one there knew the insect or had ever seen anything like it
before on com. It was suggested to the owners, Messrs. S. Price & Sons, of Toronto,
to spray the fields at once with a whale-oil soap solution of one pound of soap in five
gallons of water, this application having been found very effective against the Rose
Chafer by Prof. Webster, in Indiana, the spray killing every beetle it fell upon. It
was also suggested to dust the crop with a mixture of one pound of Paris green in 20
pounds of freshly slaked lime. Fortunately, the visitation was of very short duration,
and the crop subsequently outgrew all traces of the injury. Messrs. Price & Sons wrote
with regard to this outbreak on July 19, as follows : ' We are glad to say that the Rose
Chafers which were injuring our corn field a few weeks ago, have all gone. They all
went inside of 24 hours after we had written to you. They stayed with us for three
days and did considerable injury; but the corn now seems to have outgrown it, and to
be all right. They all flew away before we had a chance to spray them.'
ROOTS AND VEGETABLES.
Root crops in most parts of the Dominion gave heavy returns. Potatoes in Ontario
and in parts of Manitoba vvere materially reduced by the Potato Rot. Turnips wore.
174 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
generally speaking, poor and far less satisfactory than mangels. The Turnip Aphis
was reported as in greater numbers in western Ontario than for many years. In the
eastern counties of the province the reverse of this was the case. Cutworms did some
harm and the Turnip Flea-beetle was stated to be very destructive in Pictou county,
N.S. The Colorado Potato Beetle was less destructive than usual in the Maritime Pro-
vinces, but was mentioned as unusually abundant in Manitoba. Mr. W. J. Black, of
Winnipeg, writes : — * The Potato Beetle has this year been much more in evidence than
ever before; and, in many cases, those "who have not been previously familiar with this
insect and its method of destroying the potato plant, have had their crops literally con-
sumed before they were aware of what was taking place. The greatest damage from
this pest has been in the Red River valley; but it would appear that it is gradually
working its way westward. It was noticeable as far west as Portage la Prairie; but at
Brandon it has not yet become destructive. Cutworms, chiefly the Red-backed Cutworm,
did much injury at several places, in gardens as well as in fields. Where attended to
promptly with the poisoned bran remedy satisfactory results were invariably secured.
Two newi pests of cultivated plants were reported from Manitoba by Mr. Norman
Criddle. The Knot-weed Beetle (Gastroidea polygoni, L.) did considerable harm to
rhubarb by eating holes in the leaves, and Galeruca externa, Say, a chrysomelid which
feeds naturally on Lepidium apetalum, an indigenous member of the cress family,
turned its attention to cabbages and turnips.
The Stalk Borer (Papaipema nitela, Gn.). — In the past all references to injury
by stalk borers in potatoes, com and other crops in Canada have been for the most part
attributed to the caterpillars of the Stalk Borer {Papaipema nitela, Gn.), sometimes
referred to as the Potato Stalk Borer. At Ottawa many years ago I found that nearly
all injuries by stalk borers to plants in vegetable and flower gardens were by the Bur-
dock Borer (Papaipema cataphracta, Grt), and I could find no specimens of P. nitela
in collections, which had been reared from cultivated plants in Canada. During the
past summer, however, P. nitela was very abundant and destructive in the western
counties of Ontario and in the State of Michigan. Through the kindness of Professor
Lochhead, I leamt of localities where I could obtain specimens for study. Mr. G. W.
Riseborough, of Pargo, Ont., helped me very much in this investigation and kindly
sent me several consignments of the caterpillars and the plants they were attacking,
as well as some parasites which he had found with the larvae. Although, on the whole,
this abundant occurrence of the Stalk Borer in Ontario had little effect on the crops
attacked, it was very interesting and worthy of record.
' Fargo, Ont., July 3. — I was examining to-day some of my corn fields and find
that the borer has left them very thin in some places. The injury is more noticeable in
corn than in other plants, because the top fades quickly. I have found several other
fields besides my own affected by this insect. The good corn weather which we have
had recently, has pushed the plants on so fast that the effects of the borer are not nearly
so apparent now as they were, and, apart from one or two pieces, the damage does not
seem to be very great. Many other plants were affected in this neighbourhood besides
the com. I have found the caterpillars in potatoes, tomatoes, Canada Thistle, elder,
lamb's-quarters, garden beans, ragweed and a few kinds of garden flowers.'
' July 7. — I was looking at 30 large tomato plants to-day which are just beginning
to blossom, and I find 8 of them with borers in them.'
' July 13. — I found a worm yesterday just beginning to bore into a pigweed stem.
When discovered, only his head was buried. In fifteen minutes he had buried in his
whole length, I was surprised, too, to find a plant of sweet clover which as you loiow
has a very tough stem, with three holes in it and two worms. They cleaned out the
centre of the stem for about two feet. The early potatoes, tomatoes and most flowers
and weeds do not show the effect of the borers so quickly as the corn does, because they
do not fade so easily. The corn in this section never grew more quickly than during
REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 175
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
the last two weeks. The effects of the worm are not so noticeable as they were a little
while ago.' — G. W. Eiseborough.
* Mount Brydges, Ont., June 30. — I send you specimens of a grub which is playing
havoc with the potato and the tomato crop. They bore into the stalk and eat the heart
out. I have taken dozens of them out of potato and tomato plants and of course the
plant is done when the trouble is noticed.' — W. B. Dunn.
It is very seldom that a remedy is required for stalk borers in Canada. The num-
ber of specimens which occur in any one locality is, as a rule, small, and no remedies
need to be applied. Whenever an injured plant is noticed, the borer should be sought
for and destroyed; but I know of no treatment by which their outbreaks could be pre-
vented. The presence of the larvae in many kinds of weeds points to the advantage of
keeping down all such useless and unnecessary vegetation.
The Corn Worm (Heliothis ohscura. Fab., ^H. armiger, Hbn.). — This insect
\rhich always occurs in Canada in an irregular manner did no harm in the eastern
provinces and in Ontario, but for the first time was complained of from Manitoba.
The species was known to occur in the prairie provinces from moths which had been
collected, but up to the present so little sweet com has been grown for table use that
no one had noticed its injury before this year. The first mention came to me throiigh
the Nor-ivest Farmer, early in September. The samples sent were grown by Mr. Neil
Bayne, at Pipestone, Man., who sent several ears injured in the ordinary way, and
also some of the caterpillars at work in them. Both the green and the brown
colour varieties were represented. The brown were stated to have been much more
abundant in the early ears of com, to which they had done a great deal of damage. The
attack came to an end about September 20.
Under date September 11. Mr. W. C. Hall, wrote from Headingly, Man. : — ' I
send an ear of sweet corn (Cory) and shall be obliged if you can let me know what
grub this is, which is infesting a great part of the com this year for the first time.
Many ears are destroyed, the injury begins at the top.'
The most westerly occurrence was at Fairy Hill, Sask., from which place Mr.
Robert Mollard writes : ' Sept. 4. — Inclosed you will find a cob of corn eaten by a grub,
which is also in its place in the cob. This is the first year I ever saw com affected in
this way, and most of the cobs are similarly affected.'
It is only recently that the farmers on our prairies have discovered that they can
grow excellent sweet com for table use, and it will be most unfortunate if this trouble-
some pest should develop in such numbers as to induce growers to give up the culture
of such a popular and wholesome vegetable.
The remedies which have been recommended, are the hand-picking and destruction
of the caterpillars as soon as their presence is detected by the premature discoloration
of the silk. It is also claimed that many moths may be taken at night in lantern traps
consisting of a lighted lantern placed in an open pan containing water with a little
coal oil on the top of it. When a crop is known to have been attacked by the Corn
Worm, the old stems should be removed from the field as soon as the crop is gathered,
and the land ploughed deeply in autumn so as to break up the cocoons and expose the
pupae to the weather and their various enemies among the small birds and mammals.
TiiE Variegated Cutworm (Peridroma saucia, Hbn.). — In 1900 this large and late
occurring species of cutworm did a great deal of harm to all kinds of vegetation on the
Pacific coast, extending from Northern British Columbia as far south as Oregon.
Very little injury has been recorded against it since that time; but during the past
summer the caterpillars were found in noticeable numbers at several places in Brit'"=h
Columbia, reports having been received from Mr. J. W. Cockle, of Kaslo, Mr. W. A.
Dashwood-Jones, of New Westminster, Mr. IL V. Harvey, of Vancouver, and from Mr.
J. R. Anderson, the Deputy Minister of Agriculture of British Columbia, who writes
under date July 26: — 'I regret to say that Peridroma saucia is again bad this year,
176 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1936
not as numerous as in 1900, nor, as far as I can make out, so widely distributed. It is
sufficiently bad, however, to induce me to send out the emergency bulletin, of which I
send you a copy. It is remarkable how soon people forget what has been told them,
and I have constant applications for information as to the best remedy. I am again
recommending the Paris green and bran which did such excellent work in the last
outbreak.'
Mr. T. N. Willing, of Reglna, N.W.T., in reporting on the injurious insects of the
year, states that the larvae of this moth were very abundant during August at Regina,
and he sent several of the moths, which he had reared from caterpillars in gardens at
Regina.
The comparative abundance of the species in British Columbia should be turned
to advantage by gardeners in that province to prepare themselves before next season
with materials for poisoning the caterpillars, should they appear again in numbers
next smnmer. If this is done there should be no great loss.
The Turnip and Cabbage Appiis (Aphis Irassicoe, L.). — Reports relating to the
Turnip Aphis from our own correspondents during the past summer were very few;
but it is stated by Prof. James in his November Crop Bulletin as follows : — ' The
aphis popularly known as the turnip louse appeared in greater force (in Ontario)
than for years and hindered the development of the bulbs, which several correspondents
describe as being ratlier small and rooty. The cabbage worm or an insect resembling
it also attacks the plant in different parts of the province. Favourable reports regard-
ing the crop were rare.'
' Manilla, Ont., Dec. 1. — I started on an institute trip at Shelburne, Grey county,
Ont., and came south and east. We heard great complaints about the Turnip Aphis
destroying the turnip crop west of Toronto, but not much damage appeared to have
been done east of that city. The early sown fields suffered most, and, so far as I could
learn, those fields that were sown after June 20 appeared to be almost free from aphis.
I have made it a point to sow my turnips for many years past from June 20 to 22, and
we have never had any serious trouble with the aphis. Sometimes we could find a few
plants in a place with some on, but not enough to injure even those to any gTeat
extent.' — Hy. Glendinning.
There were also restricted but very serious outbreaks in some parts of British
Columbia.
' St. Mary's Creek, Gang Ranch, B.C., June 12. — Kindly give me a cure for the
lice that settle on cabbages and turnips, completely destroying them. They accumulate
by millions. Last season was our first experience. They completely destroyed our
whole cabbage plot. I have been in this country 47 years but I never saw them before.'
— W. W. Wycott.
' Monte Creek, B.C., Aug. 16. — I send you a few leaves of Swede turnips covered
with a pest which has spread terribly quickly and is now going from the turnips to
the cabbages. Last year we had some of these, but they were not nearly as bad. It
would seem as if the very hot weather and scarcity of water for irrigating is favourable
to their increase.' — Hewitt Bostock.
' Cash Creek, B.C., Sept. 23. — I send specimens of a pest which destroyed my
turnip crop last year and threatens them again this. Kindly give me the name and
some remedy if you know one. If there is none, we must give up trying to grow
turnips.' — C. A. Semlin.
Reports of injury by this insect to rape came from Mr. George Wright, of Elora,
Ont., and from Ottawa. Dr. Hamilton, of Mahone Bay, N.S., writes of its injuries
in his locality as follows : —
* The turnip aphis was abnormally abundant this year, specially on cabbage. I
heard of patches in which nearly every plant was affected. We have these insects in
some numbers every year, but it is only at intervals and in special localities that the
damage is very severe. Perhaps to this is due the fact that hardly anybody here seem 3
REPORT OF TEE ENTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTANIST 111
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
to know of or apply the proper aphis-destroying mixtures which answer well for this
as for other species.'
The Turnip Aphis and Cabbage Aphis are the same species. It was probably im-
ported from Europe many years ago and is now a pest right across the continent. In
British Columbia it is as a rule much more destructive to early cabbages and cauli-
flowers in gardens than is the case in the East, where its chief depredations are in
turnip fields.
The remedies which have given the best results are the prompt spraying of the
iirst colonies of the season as soon as they appear, with kerosene emulsion or whale-
oil soap solution. Of great importance as a means of destroying large numbers of the
eggs or of the plant-lice which may possibly winter over as such in Canada (they cer-
tainly do 30 in some parts in the egg condition) is the ploughing down deeply, the feed-
ing off, or the removal from the fields of all leaves of turnips and cabbages as well as
remnants of those crops.
The Ked Turnip Beetle {Entomoscelis adonidis. Fab.). — The usual accounts of
slight injury to cabbages and turnips have come in from points in the North-west
Territories and llanitoba. Mr. Norman Criddle reports the beetles as rather common
at Aweme, Man., on radishes in gardens and on a native food plant. Erysimum parvi-
florum, on the open prairie. For the first time, however, injury by these insects has
been reported from British Columbia, from Mr. H. E. Church, of Hanceville, and Mr.
C. H. Norris, of Hazleton. The latter writes that it had given great trouble attacking
turnips, cabbages, &c., and was worst on young turnips of which it stripped the leaves
clean, leaving only the ribs. Specimens were even sent from Dawson, Yukon Terri-
tory, by Mr. W. J. Reynolds, who said that they had destroyed cabbages entirely, eat-
ing them right down to the stump, and were at the time of writing, July 26, eating
the turnips to rags.
Any of the ordinary arsenical poisons for leaf -eating beetles have proved effective
against the Bed Turnip Beetle. It has been found that dry mixtures are more con-
venient for use on cabbages and smooth-leaved turnips, owing to their waxy cover-
ing. Should it be more convenient to use liquid mixtures, these can be made to re-
main on the surface of the leaves by adding about a pound of soap to every ten or
fifteen gallons of wash.
The Carrot Rust-Fly {Psila rosoe. Fab.). — It is some years since we have had a
severe attack of Carrot Rust-fly as far east as Ottawa; but early last summer several
occurrences were brought to my notice around Ottawa. Some of these were only
slight attaclis, but in other cases whole crops were destroyed. Strange to say, al-
though so severe in early carrots, there was no appearance of injury when the roots
were dug in the a,utumn. In Nova Scotia and New Brunswick this is a much more
troublesome pest of the market gardener than it is further to the west ; but even there
it is intermittent in its attacks. Dr. C. A. Hamilton writes that in 1902 and 1903 one-
half to three-quarters of his carrots at Mahone Bay, N.S., were destroyed by it. In
1904 and 1905 he did not see a single damaged root, although the carrots were sown in
the same garden. Notwithstanding this immunity in his garden in 1904, several of
his neighbours suffered severely. During 1905 there was practically no injury.
The treatment which has given good results in preventing injury by the Carrot
Rust-fly, is to sow as late as possible and when thinning out carrots, to do this late in
the day and then spray the rows at once with a deterrent wash such as kerosene emul-
sion or a carbolic wash. The time when most injury is done is in June and July,
so that two or three sprayings, a week apart, will generally protect the crop from in-
jury in ordinary years. Should maggots be found in stored carrots, the sand in which
•♦hese roots have been kept for the winter should in spring be treated in some way
that will insure the destruction of the puparia or will at any rate prevent the emerg-
fince of the flies. This may be done either by burying it in a deep hole or by throwing
it into a pond or into a barnyard, where it will be thoroughly trampled by stock.
IG— 12
178 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
The Diamond-Back Moth (PUdella macuUpennis, Curtis). — The small active
caterpillars of this moth were abundant and destructive in many places during 1905.
They did considerable harm in rape fields and on Swede turnips and cabbages, and
occurred at various places from Nova Scotia to British Columbia. I have no record
of widespread or very serious damage in the East, but there is every indication that,
if the summer had been a hot and dry one, the loss would have been very great. As
it was, the frequent and copious rains in those places where the outbreaks occurred,
enabled the plants to make such vigorous growth that the attacks of the caterpillars
were of small moment. It is well known that moisture and continued damp weather
fire detrimental to this insect. Dr. C. A. Hamilton found the species very abundant
for several miles round Mahone Bay, N.S. It also occurred in Prince Edward Island,
at Youghall, near Bathurst, N.B., at Ottawa, and at several places in Manitoba, the
North-west Territories and British Columbia.
The remedies for this insect are dusting the plants infested with a dry Paris green
mixture consisting of one pound of Paris green in twenty-five of lime or wood ashes,
or spraying them with kerosene emulsion or a whale-oil soap solution. To allow
of the mixture being thrown well up under the leaves such a convenient implement
as has been given to me by Mr. Geo. E. Eisher, of Ereeman, Ont., should be used.
Tiiis consists simply of a short length of metal pipe bent in the middle to the required
angle and having the nozzle attached to one end. As a supplementary treatment
inducing a vigorous growth, light dressings of some quick acting fertilizer such as
nitrate of soda, hoed in round the roots of the plant, are of great advantage.
The Cucumber and Potato Elea-Beetle (Epitrix cucumeris, Harr.). — A serious
enemy to potatoes, but one which is frequently overlooked, is the so-called Cucumber
Elea-beetle. This minute dusky-black hopping beetle, about one-twelfth of an inch in
length, appears early in spring and again about the beginning of August, and some-
times in such numbers that it becomes a serious check to potatoes, tomatoes and all
kinds of cucurbits or members of the Gourd family. A remarkable outbreak of this
beetle occurred in Nova Scotia last August.
' Mahone Bay, N.S., August 14. — We have the Cucumber Flea-beetle here on pota
toes more or less plentifully every year especially in June; this spring, however, I
thought they were not as abundant as usual. On August 3 1 looked over my potatoes
for the Colorado Potato Beetle and do^not remember seeing sny flea-beetles at all. On
August 5 one side of the patch was simply alive with them, and by the next day they
had spread over the whole patch. I partly counted and partly calculated the number
and found them to average about 800 to each plant. By the 9th they had destroyed
between a quarter and a half of the leaf surface of the side of the patch first attacked.
That afternoon I gave them a dose of poisoned Bordeaux mixture. On the 11th they
had practically disappeared. A neighbour's potatoes about 150 yards away were nearly
as badly infested as my own. I have an idea that the poisoned Bordeaux mixture may
act rather by driving the beetles to adjacent vegetation than by killing them. After
they left the potatoes they turned their attention to cucumbers, beans, pumpkins,
squashes and tomatoes which were badly eaten. On account of this troublesome pest
it is almost impossible, without the most careful attention, to raise tomatoes here from
seed sown in the open, because they sweep away the young plants as soon as they appear
above the ground.' — C. A. Hamilton.
The efficacy of the poisoned Bordeaux mixture for this insect was discovered by
Prof. L. R. Jones, of Vermont, in his very thorough experiments with Bordeaux mix-
ture against the Potato Pot. It is probable that the copper sulphate in this composi-
tion does have much effect in rendering the foliage distasteful to the beetles ; but there
is also little doubt that great numbers of the beetles eat the foliage and are poisoned.
This useful remedy is suitable for application to all of the plants mentioned above and
is also useful upon them in preventing fungous diseases which regularly attack them.
REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 179
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
The Sugar Beet Webworm (Loxostege sticticalis, L.)- — In my report for 1903 I
referred to an outbreak of the Sugar Beet Webworm. in the West and treated it at some
length, so that in case of a future outbreak those who are now turning so much atten-
tion to the cultivation of the sugar beet in the Cardston district of Alberta, might be
prepai-ed. During the past autumn I received an account of a local occurrence in that
district. Mr. J. B. Merrill, who is a most progressive farmer and fruit grower at
Magrath, Alta., writes on August 25 : — ' I isend you by this mail specimens of worms
which are destroying our beet crops here at an alarming rate. I take them to be the
Sugar Beet Webworin of your 1903 report. Wliat had we better do to control them?
We are spraying them with Paris green now, but the beets are stripped of their leaves.
Do you think that they will survive the attack and be of any use ? '
Mr. Merrill was written that he had applied the right remedy and that the plants
would certainly revive, but would be injured to the extent that the leaves had been des-
troyed, and that, although the roots would be reduced in size, they would probably still
give a paying crop. That this proved to be the case is shown by a later letter from Mr.
Merrill : —
* Magrath, Alta., Xov. 3. — I have to day delivered the last load of my beets on the
ears, so am now in a position to answer your questions. I had a very good stand of
beets on my 17 acres. Towards the end of August, after a three days' absence, I was
surprised to find the plants covered with worms. Part of the field had been irrigated.
Here the plants were not as badly affected as where they had no water. These latter
were swept clean, but they afterwards started a new growth of leaves, and from this
part of the field I harvested only four tons to the acre; but the watered beets yielded
13 tons to the acre. Wlien ploughing up the beets, we found enormous numbers of the
worms about two inches under the surface of the soil. These we hope to destroy by
winter cultivation. I think that the moths must have come from an adjoining lucerne
patch.'
The Spixed Eustic (Barathra occideniaia, Grt.). — During the month of July a
great many different kinds of plants in gardens were attacked at Ottawa by large,
smooth, cutworm-like caterpillars, which were at first greenish in colour, having the
body divided into two equal areas above and below the spiracles. The upper of these
areas, or the back of the caterpillar, was darker by reason of some black patches, and
the under side of the body was of a yellowish hue. These rather inconspicuously marked
caterpillars were largely nocturnal in habit, coming out at night and feeding singly
en nearly all kinds of vegetation, but being particularly destructive to the seed pods
of larkspurs and to the foliage of the bleeding-heart (Dielytra spectabilis). Li the
vegetable garden, spinach and cabbages were most attacked. After the last moult,
about the middle of July, these caterpillars were much more conspicuously marked,
presenting a handsome Mamestra-like appearance, with three lines down the back and
with each segment ornamented with large velvety black patches; the head is honey-
coloured and mottled. When full grown these caterpillars are very voracious. They
are about two inches in length, cylindrical in shape like cutworms and attain a diameter
of nearly \ of an inch. There is great variation in their colours, some specimens
appearing to be almost black while others have a dark olive green aspect; but all speci-
mens show a distinct band along the sides below the spiracles, which is clear yellow in
colour, marked centrally with red. These caterpillars were the progeny of a noctuid
moth which up to the present time has been a very rare species in all collections of
insects. It has been identified for me by Dr. J. B. Smith, as Barathra occidentata,
Grt., an insect which is so rare that the only two specimens I had ever seen were two
reared by Mr. Guignard from larvae which he had found upon larkspurs in his garden
in 1898. Mr. C. H. Young, of Ottawa, an energetic collector of moths, also took a
single specimen on June 6 of the same year, and another one the following year on
16—12^
180 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
June 19. During last summer, while collecting moths at Ottawa, we found that this
species was well represented among captures which we made during the month of June
around electric lights; and several more specimens were collected hiding away in dark
corners of offices and out-buildings. A few vreeks later than this, caterpillars were
found in great abundance out of doors on various kinds of plants. These we were able
to identify by comparing them with specimens which we had reared from eggs laid by
captured females. We were fortunate enough to work out the whole life history of the
species. There is only one brood in the year, the eggs being laid in June and July
and the caterpillars feeding through July and into August. When full grown they
bury a few inches beneath the surface of the ground and change to shining brown
chrysalids, from which the moths do not emerge until the following June. The moth
is a handsome insect, expanding over an inch and a half when the wings are open. The
upper wings are a dark silvery gray, so thickly checkered and marked with waved
blackish lines as almost to hide the ground colour ; hind wings silvery gray clouded with
fuscous on the outer half. 'K^r the end of the upper wings is a waved white line. The
outer or kidney-shaped of the two marks which are characteristic of noctuid moths,
is margined with black and is boldly marked with white; but the other, the orbicular,
is hardly perceptible from the other marks of the wings. On each of the upper wings
are three rather large suffused pale, bronzy areas, one close to the base, and the other
two towards the upper and lower angles. The upper of these lies beyond the kidney-
shaped mark and just inside the waved white line which runs down inside the outer
margin. The thorax and abdomen are crested and of the same colour as the general
tone of the wings. The genus Barathra to which this moth belongs, is easily dis-
tinguished from its near relatives by the presence of a long curved claw on the outer
side of the tibiae of the front pair of legs.
Not only did this insect occur in abundance at Ottawa, but specimens were sent
from Mahone Bay, K.S., where my energetic correspondent. Dr. C. A. Hamilton, makes
many very valuable observations for me. Dr. Hamilton found the caterpillars when
they were quite small, upon cabbages, turnips, cauliflowers, corn and sweet pease.
They were, at the time he first wrote, July 23, quite small, and were of the green colour
which characterizes the first stages. Like the larvae of many other noctuids, while
very young, they resemble in shape and manner of moving those of the geometer moths.
Dr. Hamilton writes : — ' Aug. 11. — I am sending you some more of the caterpillars
which I find on my cabbages and cauliflowers. I have also found them on sweet peas
and on one small patch of Kohlrabi. T also send a few. from corn. I have examined
nearly all the patches of these vegetables about this village and from one to six miles
out in various directions, and have found them present in all but a few cases. The
damage, on the whole, is not very great, the worst perhaps being in a small patch of
cabbage in which I counted 14 out of 70 plants, so badly eaten as to be worthless. A
few other patches were nearly as badly injured, but most had only from one to five
per cent noticeably afiected. Turnips were infested to about the same extent. Cauli-
flowers are not much grown here, but I saw many plants almost ruined. The attacks
were confined almost entirely to the cultivated Cruciferse. Eresh batches of young were
being hatched from the egg until up to about August 1.'
Moths of this species were taken at Levis, Que., by the Eev. Dr. Fyles, and I
found the caterpillars in great numbers stripping a patch of cabbages in the garden of
Mr. W. McKirdy, at Nepigon, Ont., on August 21. These were very much later than
at Ottawa, where most of the larvse had attained full growth two or three weeks sooner.
As a remedy for this insect, almost any of the ordinary applications for leaf-eat-
ing insects would answer; but I found them less susceptible than I supposed would be
the case, to an application of pyrethrum insect powder. There is, of course, the pos-
sibility that the powder may not have been good ; but it did not kill the caterpillars as
quickly as is the case of most other similar caterpillars upon which I have tried it.
The poisoned bran mash answered well at Ottawa.
REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 181
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
FRUIT CROPS.
The fruit crops from one cause or another were somewhat irregular, except in
British Columbia, where they were well up to the average and of high quality.
In Ontario, although a good crop of apples was marketed, there were districts
where they were poor. This was thought to be largely due to the severe winter of
1903-4, followed by the very heavy crop of last year, followed again by the hard
winter of 1904-5. Apples in the Ottawa district, where the orchards had been sprayed,
were of high quality and abundant. Heavy wind storms in October reduced the yields
of first-cL:s5 fruit to some extent.
The St. Lawrence and Ottawa valleys and the Eastern Townships of Quebec gave
good crops of autumn and early winter apples, but very light crops of winter varieties.
Mr. A. McXeill, Chief of the Fruit Division of the Department of Agriculture,
in summing up the apple crop for the year says : — ' The Dominion, as a whole, will
produce about one-third as many apples as last year. The fruit will be freer from
?cab, but somewhat more injured by Codling Moth. The favourable weather of autumn
allowed the numerically small crop of apples on the trees to fill up better than usual;
and, although the apples are on the whole rather small, they are clean and of good
quality, and probably the final result will give average paying returns to the growers.'
The apple crop in Nova Scotia is reported as being below the average on account
of a heavy frost in June, which injured the blossoms ; nevertheless, it is estimated that
there were probably four hundred thousand barrels for export and the local market,
worth at current prices close to one million dollars.
Mr. S. C. Parker, Secretary of the Fruit Growers' Association of Nova Scotia,
reports on the crops of the celebrated Annapolis Valley, N.S. — 'Apples: crop fair,
probably 75 per cent of average, quality varying from good to very poor; fungi quite
bad although thorough spraying gave some clean orchards. The pear crop was large,
but of rather poor quality. Plums and small fruits gave good crops. A severe frost on
Jiine 6 did much injury to blossoms, and perhaps easterly winds and dull weather
during the blossoming period did more. Early fall frosts injured the cranberry crop
somewhat. A sharp freeze on October 2G ruined many hundred barrels of unpicked
apples. Season was very favourable except for one or two frosts.'
Losses from the attacks of injurious insects were less than usual in all parts of
the Dominion, owing to the much greater attention which is now being given by fruit-
growers to spraying and other advanced methods of orchard management. Peaches
in the Niagara district and in British Columbia, where grown, were a heavy crop.
Much the same may be said of pears and plums. Plum rot and curculio are mentioned
in Northern Ontario reports. The grape crop of Ontario was heavy, and as there were
no killing frosts till very late, the fruit ripened well.
Small fruits almost everywhere gave fairly good crops. The insects which were
oftenest mentioned as injuring fruit crops were the San Jose Scale, the Codling Moth,
the Apple Woolly Aphis, which has been more abundant than for many years, the
Apple Aphis, the Oyster-sheD Scale, and the Cherry Slug. The Apple Maggot men-
t'oned in my last report as present at Como, Que., was this year much more prevalent
in that locality, and a special effort was made to apprise the fruit growers of the best
remedial measures and the danger of neglecting to attend to the matter at once.
Notwithstanding the magnificent crop of fruit gathered in British Columbia,
there was considerable injury done by regularly occurring insect pests. The Woolly
Apple Aphis and the Green Apple Aphis were very abundant in some places and did
noticeable injury. . According to Mr. K. M. Palmer, who has excellent opportunities
for examining the crops throughout the province, the Eye-spotted Bud-moth has been
worse than for many years in the Victoria district. The injury of this caterpillar
was also much augmented by a late frost in May. Mr. Thos. Cunningham, the In-
182 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VI!., A. 1905
spector of Fruit Pests, reports the Lesser Apple Worm as abundant and destructive
at Kamloops and Trail.
The San Jose Scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus, Corostock). — Much has been written
recently in newspapers and magazines on the San Jose Scale injury in Ontario, but
there is, as a matter of fact, little change in the condition of our orchards in Ontario
since last year. This in itself is not satisfactory, because, where careful commercial
growers have attended to their orchards properly, and have used the recommended re-
medy, good clean crops have- been harvested. There are, however, a great many small
growers and private individuals who do nothing at all against the scale, and conse-
quently it holds its own. The Federal Government still maintains at considerable ex-
penditure fumigation stations, by which any danger of the introduction of infested
stock is prevented. The Provincial Government of Ontario and the leading nursery-
m.en are making every effort to avoid the distribution of infested nursery stock, and, if
a greater effort were put forth by all concerned, this dire enemy of the fruit grower
could certainly be reduced very much in numbers.
I regret to have to state that I have this year received specimens of the San Jose
Scale from two localities in British Columbia. The attention of the Provincial Gov-
ernment has been drawn to the matter, and the few trees which are infested in both
cases will be destroyed before another season opens. The first of these was discovered
by Mr. J. W. Cockle, of Kaslo, B.C., a keen entomologist and one therefore well able
to detect the enemy and give advice to tha owner of the trees. It is satisfactory to find
that in both of these cases the trees have been planted for a long time and date back
previous to the enforcement of the San Jose Scale Act and the establishment of the
fumigating stations.
For the San Jose Scale more careful treatment and persistent effort is necessary
than for many other insects the fruit growei< has to deal with. The standard remedy is
the lime and sulphur wash which has so often been mentioned in these reports and for
the making of which and instructions in its application, necessary information will be
given to any one who applies for them. Prof. J. B. Smith of New Jersey recommends
very highly two recently sent out proprietary mixtures : Kil-o-scale and Scalecide,
which have given good results with him. They are petroleum preparations which have
been prepared largely under Dr. Smith's supervision.
The Codling Moth (Carpocapsa pomonella, L.). — The Codling Moth, which on the
whole, perhaps, is the worst enemy of the fruit grower, has levied a heavy toll as usual
in unsprayed orchards; but, wherever thorough work has been done in spraying re-
gularly with the poisoned Bordeaux mixture, good results have almost inva.riably
followed. In every part of eastern Canada where apples are grown, reports speak of
injury by this insect and, as is pointed out by the Rev. Father Burke, possibly the com-
parative scarcity of fruit this season makes the injury by the Codling Moth seem more
apparent. There is now not the slightest doubt that in all parts of Canada east of
Toronto spraying orchardis regularly Vith poisoned Bordeaux mixture, three or four
times in spring, the first application to be made within a day or two after the blossoms
fall and the subsequent sprayings, each ten days apart, is a satisfactory and well paying
remedy for the Codling Moth. A striking ini5tance of th^ value of regular spraying,
year after year, was this year to be seen in the orchard of the Central Experimental
Farm at Ottawa, where not an apple injured by the Codling Moth was to be found,
whereas, on the other hand, in orchards just close by, where no spraying had been done,
more than half the crop of apples was destroyed, also in the Botanic Garden, which
lies about half a mile on the opposite side of the orchard, in the collection of wild apples
and crabs, the fruit was severely infested. These it had not been considered worth
while to spray, as the trees are merely grown for ornament.
The Codling Moth is normally single brooded at Ottawa and the double brooded
habit of the species is not general east of Toronto. In 1905 I had an opportunity of
REPORT OF TEE EXTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTANIST 183
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15
rearing a considerable number of the larvss and was much surprised to find that some
of these after spinning their cocoons changed at once to pupae and gave forth the moths
soon afterwards. These, however, formed only a small percentage of the whole, for by far
the larger number remained in the larval state and will not pupate until next spring.
The above larvae were full grown and began to spin up July 25, and I am of the opinion
that not only at Ottawa, but at some other places in eastern Canada where a partial
second brood was this year noticed, this premature development of the moths was due
to about a fortnight of excessively and exceptionally hot weather in July as they were
nearing full gTowth.
West of Toronto, in addition to regular spraying, banding the trees with burlap
bands to catch the larvai of the first brood when they spin up is necessary.
It has long been a matter of wonder that the Codling Moth, which is so abundant
in the States of Oregon and Washington, should not have established itseK as an in-
jurious fruit pest in British Columbian orchards. Although carefully sought for, no
instance of apples infested by this insect have been detected until the present season.
An insect which causes a somewhat similar injury, the Lesser Apple Worm \_Enarmonia
(Grapholitha) pninivora, Walsh] has frequently in the past been mistaken for the
Codling Moth in British Columbia; but, with' the exception of a single specimen of the
moth sent to me by the Eev. J. H. Keen, from Metlakatla, B.C., where no apples are
grown, and which he had found in his house, I have never been able to learn of the
occurrence of this insect in British Columbia until Mr. J. W. Cockle, of Kaslo, B.C.,
sent me this autumn an undoubted specimen of tho Codling Moth, which he had reared
from infested apples growing in an orchard at Kaslo. It is deeply to be regretted that
this insect has found a foothold in British Columbia, although this at some time waa
almost inevitable, from its abundance in orchards to the south. It is well for the pro-
vince that Mr. Cockle, being a trained entomologist, should have been able to detect
both this insect and the San Jose Scale before they had spread further. The matter
has been brought to the attention of the Provincial Government and it is their inten-
tion to deal with both of these occurrences before another season oi)ens.
The Woolly Aphis of the Apple (Schizoneura lanigera, Hausmann). — An insect
which has been strikingly more abundant during 1905 than it has been for many years,
is the Woolly Aphis of the Apple. This has been noticed all through Ontario and
Quebec, and Mr. R. M. Palmer tells me that it has been more destructive in British
Columbia than for many years. The injury by the Woolly Aphis is sometimes very
severe in the United States, particularly by the root-inhabiting form of the species;
but it has never been a very serious pest in Canada; even in British Columbia, where
it is regularly much more abundant than in the East, it is less destructive than the
Apple Aphis and some other well known enemies of the fruit grower. The eradication
of this pest when it has established itself upon the roots of apple trees in an orchard,
is a diflflcult matter. The methods which are usually adopted, are the uncovering of
the roots and pouring in hot water almost at the boiling point, or the injection into
the soil of bisulphide of carbon. Another method which has been highly praised, is
digging in tobacco dust around the roots. This material can be purchased, it is claimed,
from cigar factories at a reasonable amount, and, wlien this does not exceed one cent
per pound, the tobacco is worth fully that price as a fertilizer. The form which occurs
in Canada most widely, is that which may be seen during the summer and autumn
gathered together in white woolly clusters on the shoots from the base of the trunks
of neglected trees and iipon the branches, where they cause swellings in the bark by
BiTcking the sap and at the same time poisoning the tissues. In the vicinity of Ottawa
the wild hawthorns were even more seriously attacked than apple trees in orchards,
although some of these latter were so infested that one correspondent spoke of them
as presenting the appearance of having been whitewashed.
The remedies for the form which occurs on the branches, are the same as are used
for ordinary plant-lice; but, as these are protected by a waxy covering, it is well to
idi EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A 1906
apply the liquid with considerable force and also to have it mixoi with hot water
which gives it greater penetrating power. A kerosene emulsion may be made for this
purpose, of the standard Eiley-Hubbard emulsion diluted with six, instead of nine
parts of Wiater. Whale-oil soap solution should be applied hot and one pound in five
gallons of water.
The Apple Maggot [Bhagoletes (Trypeta) pomonella, Walsh]. — In the autumn
of 1904 an outbreak of the Apple Maggot, known also in the ISTew England States as
' the railroad worm,' was detected in some of the apple orchards at Como, Que. During
the past season it has been found that the insect has established itself in many other
orchards surrounding the first point of injury.
As there are several large and valuable orchards in this locality, much anxiety
was felt by the owners of these, that the habits of the insect and the best remedial
treatment should be made known to all apple growers of the district, so that by con-
certed action the outbreak should be controlled before more loss accrued. With this
object in view, I visited Como early in October, and examined several of the orchards
under the guidance of Mr. E,. W. Shepherd, who kindly put himself at my disposal
end accompanied me, and also helped me in many other ways to get into touch with
the owners of several orchards.
One of Mr. Shepherd's own orchards had been affected last year, and this summer
he had faithfully carried out suggestions of control based on the experience of those
who had suffered from the Apple Maggot in other places.
All windfalls had been fed to cattle, and a herd of pigs had been kept in the
orchard throughout the summer. It may be well, however, to point out, as the ex-
periment will be anxiously watched by his neighbours, that some badly affected crab
apple trees were in a sense overlooked, the fruit of which was thoroughly infested at
the time of my visit. It would appear that the fruit of this class of apples does not
fall from the trees when attacked, to the same extent as the larger apples. At that
time, howevei", Mr. Shepherd at once had the fruit of these trees threshed from the
boughs and destroyed. A circular letter giving the nature of the pest and advice as to
the best treatment of infested orchards was at once prepared and a copy sent to every
apple grower in the district. K^otwithstanding the severity of the outbreak, the ex-
perience of others who have suffered loss from the Apple Maggot, would seem to give
reasonable ground for hope that much may be done to reduce loss. The following
letters from the State Entomologists of Maine and New Hampshire respectively, show
that good results have followed the adoption of the best, so far, recognized method of
prevention. The insect has been present in these States for some years.
' Agi'icultural Exi^eriment Station, Orono, Me. — Your letter concerning the Apple
Maggot is received. There seems to be no marked change from year to year in the
occurrence of this pest here. We have in the State numerous orchards in which the
trees have not been pruned for a generation at least and in which the windfalls lie
ungathered. The owners of such orchards frequently complain that the trees might
as well be cut down, for the " Railroad Worm " gets all the apples. On the other hand,
none of the leading orchardisis seem to feel that the case is hopeless. They recognize
the Apple Maggot as a pest to guard against and believe that care in piitting the wind-
falls out of the way is the only practical method of doing it. Thus, it is no uncommon
situation to have well cared for orchards where infestation by B. pomonella is almost
unknown, while within a few miles the owners of neglected trees say that for years
they have not gathered a crop. There is one notable case of this sort in the southern
part of the State, where in the midst of an infested area a very large orchard ships
perfect apples every fall and no loss is caused by the maggot.
' A few successful orchardists think it pays to keep a few sweet apple trees
scattered about as traps, as the flies seem always to deposit in these by preference ; and
the whole situation is sometimes handled by sacrificing some sweet fruit and sub-
sequently destroying this infested lot. I trust that the outbreak near ^Montreal will
not prove so serious as it seems at present.' — Edith M. Patch.
REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 185
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
* New Hampshire College of Agriculture and tlie Mechanic Arts, Durham, l^.H. —
1 have not heard of any serious trouble from the Apple Maggot this year, although it
is quite common in our summer apples. I think it is somewhat worse this year than
last year; but it has not caused any very serious injury, so far as I have heard. It
becomes seriously injurious periodically.' — E. D. SA^^DERSO^^
The Buffalo Tree-Hopper (Ceresa hubalus. Fab.). — A great many specimens of
rough and gnarled twigs of apple trees have been sent in from time to time, "but more
frequently during the last year or two, which were due to the injuries caused by small
grassy-green homopterous insects that bear on the thorax two horns which are sup-
posed to give it a resemblance to the buffalo. The only harm done by this little insect
to orchard trees is by the egg-laying females, which cut two semi-cixcular gashes
right through the bark deeply into the wood, and into each of which they insert from
five to ten eggs. Each female lays between one and two hundred eggs, and consequently
makes several of these gashes before she has deposited her whole supply. The eggs
remain in the wood and do not hatch until the following June; each egg is about one-
sixteenth of an inch long, slightly curved and yellowish white in colour. When the
yaung hatch, they crawl out of the egg-shell which remains in the wood and prevents
the wound from healing up for a long time. Young twigs of two or three years old
are frequently selected by the females for ovipositing, and, if there are only a few
of the scars, little injury is done; but it seems to be a habit of this insect to work
somewhat in company, and frequently a single tree may be found with a great many
egg-deposits in the wood, while others close by are untouched. The two slits almost
meet each other but do not quite touch at the top and bottom, but the small piece of
wood and bark between them dies and, together wdth the empty egg-shells, prevents the
healing of the wound, so that, where there are many deposits on the same tree, the
injury is serious and a check is sometimes given to young trees, which they do not
get over.
The Buffalo Tree-Hopper while young lives chiefly upon the sap of weeds and
other coarse vegetation, and very little of its food is derived from the apple trees
where the young larvae are first hatched. For a few days, at any rate, after they have
first hatched, they may be seen on the trees running quickly round the branches and
hiding whenever looked at. At this time, which, however, does not last for many days,
good work may be done by spraying the infested trees with kerosene emulsion or
whale-oil soap. It is very difficult to reach the eggs by any winter treatment, but
I)rohably spraying with crude petroleum or an emulsion of that oil might be applied
without injury to the trees. The remedy recommended by Mr. C. L. Marlatt, the
First Assistant United States Entomologist, is the limiting of the amount of foreign
vegetation about and in orchards and nurseries. He thinks that little damage may be
anticipated where the ground between the trees is kept clean and constantly culti-
vated. Vigorous pruning in winter, by which as many as possible of the egg clusters
are removed, is also advised. The mature insects seem to be attracted by beans and
some other low-growing vegetables. These then might be planted in orchards between
the trees as trap plants to be afterwards sprayed with strong mixtures of kerosene
emulsion or whale-oil soap, when the larvae, nymphs or adults are seen to be numerous
enough upon them to make it worth while. The time recommended by Mr. Marlatt
is about July 1.
The Western HARMi:ST-FLY {^Cicada (Platypedia) piUnami, Uhler]. — An ex-
tremely cjmmon insect in most parts of British Columbia, is a species of Cicada of
about the same size as the well known Cicada septendecim, L., of the United States.
This latter is known under the erroneous name of Seventeen-year Locust, but, so far
as I can learn, has been never or very seldom taken in Canada. The Western Cicada
is enormously abundant nearly every year in Vancouver Island in June; and I have
found it in like numbers in the Kootenays, particularly at Nelson, where in the begin-
186 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VI!., A. 1906
ning of July in 1896 the shrilling of the males among the aspen poplars and willows
on the mountain side above the town was almost deafening. The species occurs right
across the mountains, as I have specimens from Banff, and last year Mr. Dalton
Tipping sent me a specimen which he had taken at Blackfalds, in Alberta.
Up to the present season no injury to cultivated trees had been complained of in
British Columbia, but on July 3 last, Mr. E. Hulme, of Rock Creek, in the Boundary
District, B.C., sent me samples of apple branches which had been punctured by the
egg-laying females. As in the case of the other species of the genus, C. putnami lays
its eggs in deep slits made into the wood of various trees; but the young do not feed
on the wood or foliage of the trees where the eggs pass the winter ; on emerging, they
fall to the ground and burrow into the earth, where they attack the roots. Mr. Hulme
stated that his young apple trees had been planted four years, and he had not previ-
ously noticed any injury; but this year some of the branches had been cut in four
or five places.
It is hoped that this may be only an accidental injury to apple trees; but British
Columbia is now becoming such an important fruit producing country and such large
areas are yearly being cleared and planted to orchards, that any insect which is likely
to develop into an enemy of the fruit gi'ower is worthy of attention.
The Sleepy Weevil (Otiorhynchus ovatus, L.). — In my last report reference was
made to the attacks of the larva3 of this weevil on the roots of strawberries. The in-
sect occurs right across the continent and is frequently sent to the Division for infor-
mation concerning its habits; but tliis is usually on accoimt of the frequency with
which it is fovind crawling about inside houses. Complaints of injury to vegetation
are seldom made; but occasionally the damage done by the larvae is considerable. Mr.
E. McTaggart, of Hatzic, B.C., wrote as follows last spring : — ' May 3. — I am sending
a box containing a number of small white grubs. This insect has been working for
the past three or four years in our strawberries, feeding on the small white root feed-
ers. They bid fair to put us out of the strawberry business, unless we can find some
way to control them. This will be a serious loss ; for strawberries are our most impor-
tant crop.'
Specimens sent from British Columbia previously, showed iJiat the larvas of the
Sleepy Weevil have also the habit of boring cavities into the caudex or short under-
ground stem of old strawberry plants, in the same way as, and frequently in company
with, the larger larvae of the Black Vine Weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus. Fab.). ]\Ir.
McTaggart was advised to adopt the ' one-crop method '' of growing his strawberries,
by which iiner berries are produced and the beetles are prevented from incr^easing. I
find also that large numbers of the mature beetles may be trapped by putting shelters,
such as small flower-pots with a little hay in them, inverted and raised from the ground
on short pegs, about the beds. The beetles are largely nocturnal in habit and will
make use of these shelters for hiding in by day. They can be easily cleared out by
taking each i)ot ofE the peg and shaking the hay over a pan or pail with a little water
and coal oil in it. They are remarkably sluggish insects and make no effort to crawl
away by day.
Father Burke sent specimens from Alberton, Prince Edward Island, which he had
found eating cavities into low growing apples; many fruits trailing on the gTound
were damaged. Jle had also found the beetles in the blooms of dahlias and eating the
leaves of the wild buckwheat.
Mrs. Thomas Sharpe, writing from the Experimental Farm at Agassiz, B.C., on
August 9, sent specimens of the Black Vine Weevil which had been found very plenti-
fully on the raspberry bushes, and also several Sleepy Weevils which she said ' we
find all over the house. Do we carry them in on our clothes from the garden or are
they some destructive house insect ? We are quite alarmed at the numbers of them
which we find about the floors.'
It is probahle that some of these may have been carried into the house from the
garden; but these insects have a well marked penchant for crawling into houses and
REPORT OF THE EXTO.UOLOGIST AXD BOTAXIST 187
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
other places where they are decidedly objected to by housekeepers. Neither the Black
Vine Weevil nor the Sleepy Weevil have wingg; so they cannot fly like most other
beetles and can only move from place to place by crawling.
TiTE Strawberry Weevil (Anthonomus signatus. Say). — It is some years since
a bad outbreak of the Strawberry Weevil has occurred in Canada; but in June last I
learnt from Mr. Sydney H. Preston, of Clarkson, Ont., which is a few miles west of
Toronto and an important strawberry producing district, that a great deal of damage
was being done in the extensive strawberry plantations of that locality. Mr. Preston
writes :—
* Clarkson, June 9. — I inclose some strawberry blossoms cut by the insects which
are sent with them in the box. They are doing a great deal of damage in this locality.'
* June 17. — I grow only a few strawberries for my own use and have not seen the
weevils on my own place, though I find many buds and blossoms 'and small berries cut
through the stem, as in the inclosed s'ample; but my neighbours are all large growers
and the complaint of damage is general. The cutting of the fruit stems is also attri-
buted to this insect, but possibly that may be a mistake. Last season was the first in
this locality that the injury was noticeable, and many growers then feared that theilr
crops would be ruined. However, there seemed to be an abundance of fruit in spite
of this.'
The habits of the Strawberry Weevil are interesting. It passes the winter in the
mature beetle form, and, just before the flowers of the strawberry unfold, the insects
fly to the strawberry beds and may be found in large numbers upon the flowering
stems. When the female lays her eggs, she punctures a closed bud, for which purpose
she generally chooses the earliest and largest. This is done with her sharp and slender
beak, and the hole penetrates to the centre of the bud. She then dei>osits a single
egg, pushing it down into the hole. Having done this, she crawls to the stem of the
flower and gnaws it nearly through, so that the bud hangs down and eventually drops
to the ground. Inside the cut oft' bud the young gTub hatches and passes through all
of its stages, the dead flower remaining closed around it as a protection. When the
grub is full-grown, it forms a brittle cocoon of tlie debris, and in about a month from
the time the egg is laid, the perfect beetle eats its way out. The new generation of
beetles may frequently be found at Ottawa in the latter half of July and early in
August. There is only one brood of this beetle, as far as known, and, as all the beetles
disappear suddenly in the beginning of August, it is supposed that they go into hiber-
nation at that time, hiding away beneath moss or among bushes and perhaps in woods,
where they remain in a lethargic condition until the following spring. The varieties
of strawberries chosen by the females for egg-laying are always those which produce
pollen in considerable quantities, and it is chiefly upon the pollen that the larvae feed.
Varieties of strawberries with entirely pistillate flowers are not attacked ; consequently,
when the Srawberry Weevil is abundant, growers will do well to plant pistillate varie-
ties as much as possible, and only enough plants of varieties which produce perfect
flowers (which have both stamens and pistils) as will ensure the proper fertilization
of the fruit. The number will to a large measure depend upon the variety grow.n and
the number of flowers produced. Among the standard varieties of strawberries most
highly recommended by Mr. W. T. Macoun, the Horticulturist of the Central Experi-
mental Farm, the following may be mentioned as having proved the most satisfactory
for general purposes, after being tested for several years : —
Pistillate. Perfect.
Sample. Glen Mary.
Buster. Beder Wood.
Bisel. Enhance.
Greenville. William's.
Marie. Lovett.
Warfield. Pocomoke.
188 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
A reference to the good qualities of each of these varieties is made in the Report
of the Horticulturist for 1904 at page 121.
Many experiments have been made to discover a practical remedy for this trouble-
some insect, which at different times has done a great deal of harm in Canada. Many
J ears ago I suggested covering the plants just at the time the beetles appear, vpith
gauze, cheese cloth, or even paper; but these methods all have the very great disad-
vantage of excluding the swarms of flies, bees and other insects which frequent the
flowers and aid in the fertilization. Trapping the mature beetles when they fly to the
pknts, it is claimed, has produced good results. For this purpose the pollen-bearing
plants should be planted in rows so that they may be sprayed when found to be cov-
ered with the beetles, either with a whale-oil soap solution or a kerosene emulsion. As
has been pointed out by Mr. F. H. Chittenden, in an excellent bulletin on this sub-
ject (U. S. Div. of Ent. Circular 21, 2nd series, 1897), ' for the complete success of
this method, it is essential that tho non-fertilizing plants (the main crop) should bo
perfectly pistillate and bear no pollen at all.'
The Currant Maggot (Epochra canadensis, Loew.). — Injury to currants both
black and red by the larvae of the Currant Fly are somewhat frequent in the West,
and, unfortunately, up to the present time no very satisfactory remedy has been de-
vised. The only treatment which has given any results, is the laborious one of re-
moving about three inches of the soil from beneath bushes which had been infested,
replacing this with fresh soil, and then treating the infested soil containing the pu-
paria, in such a way that when the flies mature they cannort emerge. The following
letters were received during the past summer:—
' Rock Creek, B.C., June 27.— I send to-day samples of gooseberries and currants
which are affected with white maggots. I should like very much to know what we can
do to avoid this pest. Last year we tried spraying with quassia chips and whale-oil
soap solution, from the time the blossoms opened out; but it did no good whatever.
The fly seems to lay her eggs when the berry is almost full grown. We have over
too bushes and all are a complete loss. We have tried putting unslaked lime under
the bushes, and we keep them well trimmed up ; in fact, some of our currant trees are
two and a-half feet high, but all are affected in the same way.'— Mrs. Bart Ingiiram.
^ Indian Head, IST.W.T., July 3. — I send you a few currants to show you how
badly affected they are. At least half the crop was stung early in the season and fell
off. Those that remain on the bushes, are in the condition of these I send you. In a
recent trip through Kinlstino, Melfort and the other districts around Prince Albert,
through which we travelled together five years ago, I noticed that the currants were
all affected in the same way. It would be of advantage, I think, if you could advise
farmers what to do to save their fruit.' — Angus Mackay.
'McLean, Assa., July 3. — I am sending a few currants which are infested with
some insect. They are beginning to fall off now. This is the third year they have
been infested ; but I can't find out what kind of insect it is, although I often hunt for
it.' — W. J. Fanning.
The maggots are very hard to recognize when at work in the currants, and many
correspondents, like Mr. Fanning, have had difficulty in detecting them. They were
however, present in the specimens which he forwarded. In addition to the measure
sufytrested above, of removing the earth from beneath infested bushes, it is claimed
that much good has been done by allowing poultry to run in a plantation where the
Currant Maggot is known to be infesting fruit. The birds scratch beneath the bushes
and destroy large numhers of the puparia. It is probable that the eggs are laid by
the female flies when the currants are quite small, as freshly emerged flies were sent
to me from Vancouver Island under the date May 20.
REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 189
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
FOREST AND SHADE TREES.
!N"o extensive injury to forest or shade trees by insects lias come under my notice
during 1905, but there have been local outbreaks of some importance. In Alberta the
Forest Tent Caterpillar has again stripped aspen poplars, and mention has been made
of its work on maples and in orchards in Nova Scotia. There are also indications that
Tent Caterpillars are again on the increase in Ontario and Quebec. The Larch Sawfly
(Neniatus erichsonii, Hartig), which appeared in a few places last year upon the native
tamaracks, and imported European larches, was this year much more abundant, and for
some hundreds of miles along the Canadian Pacific Railway between Ottawa and Lake
Superior had stripped the young tamaracks growing in the swamps along the railway.
Occasional mention was also made by correspondents of the work of this insect in the
Maritime Provinces. An insect which has not previously been recorded as doing harm
in Canada, the Larch Case-bearer, has this year been found in considerable numbers
at Ottawa on the European larch. The IsTegundo Plant-louse which has occasionally
been so numerous upon the cultivated and wild Ash-leaved Maples in Manitoba and
the North-west Territories, was again extremely abundant in some places this year.
The Cottony Maple Scale (Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rath von), which for several
years has been abimdant on the shade trees in some of the cities of western Ontario,
was during 1905 even more so than in previous years. The outbreaks of the White-
marked Tussock-moth, which in previous reports have been referred to in some On-
tario cities, and in Montreal, have attracted much public attention, and at last efforts
are being put forth by the municipal authorities in various cities to control these
destroyers of the public shade trees. In Vancouver Island, the oak-looper Therina
somniaria, Hulst, which was complained of as being abundant last year, during 1905
swarmed in countless numbers over the oak trees in the vicinity of Victoria, B.C.,
and stripped them of their leaves. The Spruce Gall-louse was exceptionally abundant
in 1905, and requests for information as to its life habits and the possibility of its
becoming a destructive enemy of Canadian spruces, came in from many correspondents
in all parts of the country. The ornamental cedars on the Central Experimental Farm
were very much disfigured by the mining larvae of a very small moth belonging to the
genus Argyresthia. The moths appeared at the end of June and were found flying in
clouds around all varieties of the American Arbor-vitse, or so-called White Cedar. The
full life history and the exact identity of the species are not yet worked out; but young
larvas were found in the twigs early in spring, the moths emerged in the latter half of
June, and the young larvae are at present in enormous numbers passing the winter
inside the small twigs. As yet, no parasites have been bred. What was apparently
thi"^ same species, was sent to me in 1899 by Mr. Thos. Ware, from Plattsville, Ont.,
Writing of this occurrence, Mr. Ware says : ' The insects did my cedars considerable
damage in 1S99 ; and not only mine, but whole cedar swamps lost their green and looked
quite brown. The trees have since been slightly affected each year, but not to any
great extent. I saw a few of the insects this summer but the hedge has not suffered.'
The injury to ornamental shrubs, and there are many varieties of the white cedar
grown as such, has certainly been serious this year at Ottawa. So far, no remedies
have been tried. The Fir Sawfly, Lophyrus abietis, Harr., appeared upon cultivated
White Spruces in two or three places in Manitoba. Mr. T. C. Court sent specimens from
Petrel, Manitoba, and their work was noticed upon cultivated spruces around the gov-
ernment offices in Winnipeg as well as in the sand hills south of Douglas, Man. This
insect occurs in troublesome numbers from time to time in Manitoba, but is easily
controlled by poisonous sprays if promptly applied as soon as the larvae are noticed.
A very similar larva, but probably of another species of sawfly, was sent to me by lAr.
n. H. Miller, M.P., from Hanover, Ont., where it had been found in destructive
numbers upon a cedar (arbor-vitse) hedge which was much valued by its owner.
190 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
The Spruce Gall-louse (Chermes abietis, L.). — An insect which is spreading
widely through the Dominion and which of late years has heen the cause of much
anxiety among the growers of ornamental spruces and even of lumbermen, is the Spruce
Gall-louse. This is the insect which causes the elongated green cone-like galls on the
twigs of the native Black and Wliite Spruces and of the imported Norway Spruce.
These galls have been more than usually abundant during the summer of 1905, par-
ticularly upon young transplanted trees. Specimens have been sent in from many
places.
Although undoubtedly the Spruce Gall-louse does injure trees to a serious extent
when present in large numbers and also gives them a very unhealthy and unsightly
appearance, still I do not know of any actual instances where it has killed trees out-
right.
About the end of July the galls begin to dry up, and the cavities at the base of tlic
leaves open slightly and allow the young gall-lice, of which there are several in each
cavity, to escape. These then crawl out and rest upon the leaves, and after a short
time they moult and appear with wings. This is the time when the insect spreads from
tree to tree; for these mature females fly to fresh trees or to fresh branches on the
same tree and begin to lay small, pale yellow eggs, which are in clusters of from 20 to
50 together. From these eggs young plant-lice hatch, which remain on the twigs and
at the base of shoot buds until the following spring. Many of these young lice, how-
ever, die before spring, and those which do survive the winter, may be found at the
bases of the buds in May, enveloped in a coat of white waxy threads. These young
plant-lice are very small when winter sets in; but in spring they grow rapidly, and,
after moulting the old winter coat, they secrete another of much finer texture and much
more conspicuous, of long woolly threads. When full grown these insects, which are
all females, lay clusters of upwards of 300 eggs at the bases of the young shoots just
about the time the spruces are beginning their new spring growth. The eggs are light
yellow in colour, extremely small, about one-sixtieth of an inch in length, and each one
is attached by a slender thread-like stem about twice the length of the egg. In about
a week the very minute nymphs crawl out from beneath the woolly mass consisting of
the dead body of their mother, and crawl on to the young shoots, where they take up
their position at the bases of the leaves which have already begun to swell and form
galls before their arrival, owing to the presence of their mothers during the winter.
The green cone-like gall grows rapidly during June ; the base of each leaf swelling and
expanding so as to form a cavity which gradually develops and covers in some of the
young insects. In time this cavity is closed all but a narrow semi-circular slit at the
top. It is claimed by Prof. R. A, Cooley, who did very careful work on this insect
while at the Massachusetts Agricultural College, that, in general, all of the nymplis
which enter one gall, arise from the egg cluster laid by one female. As the gall grows
in size, these caviiies are enlarged, this leaves room for the increased growth of the
insects which it contains.
As stated above, these insects do net become full grown and emerge from the galls
until the end of July or during August. The remedies for the Spruce Gall-louse, un-
fortunately, cannot be applied when the insects occur on very large trees and in for-
ests ; but, upon hedges and in ornamental grounds good work has been done by spray-
ing the trees at the time the young plant-lice are exposed on the trees, viz., in May,
and after they emerge from the galls in August. Good results were secured by spray-
ing with a tobacco and soap wash made by soaking ten pounds of tobacco leaves in 3
or 4 gallons of hot water for six hours, the liquid strained off and two pounds of whale-
oil soap added. When the soap is all dissolved, the mixture can be diluted to 40 gal-
lons. Two or three applications should be made at short intervals.
The Larch Sawfly (Nentdtus ericlisonii, Hartig). — About 20 years ago the Larch
Sawfly was imported into America, probably with trees sent to the Harvard Arboretum
and Botanic Garden at Cambridge, Massachusetts. From that point it seems to have
REPORT OF TEE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 191
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
spread widely and very rapidly northward. In 1SS2 it reached Canada, and for three
or four years after that did an enormous amount of injury by stripping the leaves
from the tamaraclvs, or American larches. The attack was very severe, and, although
from the injury being done comparatively early in the season, the trees were able to
push forth a certain amount of foliage; after three or four years of. being stripped, the
larches over millions of acres, and practically over the whole of eastern Canada, were
almost wiped out. With this large destruction of its food plant the insect practically
disappeared, and little has been heard of it until last year, when it again became
noticeable upon ornamental European larches and in a few places was observed on the
young growth of larches in swamps. During the past summer there has been a marked
increase in the numbers of the larvae or false caterpillars. The injury is mentioned
incidentally in correspondence from many points. Rev. Father Burke writes from
Prince Edward Island : — ' I am soi-ry to say the Larch worm is again appearing on the
new growth, and I fear we may have it much more abundantly next year.' In the
Nova Scotia Crop Keport for November, 1905, a correspondent writing from Richmond
county says : — ' Insects have again been destroying juniper trees.' This is a reference
to the Larch Sawfly. The American larch, known also extensively in this country un-
der its Indian name of the tamarack, is called in the Maritime Provinces by the inac-
curate name of ' juniper,' a name which is also curiously, and with equal inaccuracy,
given in the upper Ottawa country to the Banksian or Jack Pine. In New Brunswick
I saw evidences of the work of the Larch Sawfly at several places along the Interco-
lonial Railway and in Ontario for hundreds of miles along the Canadian Pacific Rail-
way between Ottawa and Lake Superior. The larches at Nepigon, Ont., north of the
lake, showed no injury, and I am under the impression that so far this new outbreak
of the Larch Sawfly has not as yet reached west of Lake Superior. The tamarack
swamps west of Nepigon were scanned carefully in passing along the railway, and a
large swamp was examined more critically near Douglas, Manitoba, but no trace of
the larva3 was seen. Specimens of the larvcs were sent from Burlington, Ont., by Mr.
R. C. Cummins at the end of June.
A feature of the last outbreak of 18S2 to 1533 was the rapidity with which the
attack spread and the suddenness with which it disappeared. Occasional specimens of
the sawfly or of the colonies of larvae have been seen from time to time since 1885 ;
but there has been no noticeable destruction until the present year. The territory over
which this insect is known to have spread in the old outbrealcp is all through Ontario,
Quebec and the Maritime Provinces, right up to Labrador (teste Dr. Robert Bell and
Mr. A. P. Low). We have no information relating to the vast tamarack swamps north
of Saskatchewan and Alberta ; but there is little doubt that this enemy spread through
all districts where the American larch grew naturally, and that the depredations of
this one insect resulted in an enormous loss to the Dominion in one of its valuable
assets. Unfortunately, no remedy can be applied over the vast areas of forest where
the insect is likely to occur, should it increase again ; but upon ornamental grounds
small groups of trees can be easily protected by the ordinary spraying methods. The
best poison probably for this insect would be a spray of Arsenate of lead 1 lb. in 40
gallons of water.
The Larch Case-bearer (ColeopJiora laricella, Hbn.). — In the month of May last
the young leaves of the European and other larch trees on the lawns and in the Botanic
Garden of the Central Experimental Farm, were seen to present a bleached white ap-
pearance; and, upon examination, it was found that the upper ends of the leaves had
been hollowed out and were shrivelled. It was then found that this work had been
done by large nimibers of the small European Elachistid moth Coleophora laricella,
Hbn. Although this insect has been recorded as injurious to larches in America on a
few previous occasions, this, I believe, is the first occurrence of the Larch Case-bearer
in Canada. Dr. Howard has kindly referred me to the American literature of the
subject and tells me that he himself saw the larvas very abimdant some years ago in a
192 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1908
larch plantation near North Andover, Mass. In 1886 Dr. II. A. Hagen ^)ublishcd in
the Canadian Entomologist, an article on its injuries to the European larch in
Massachusetts. In 1892 Mr. J. G. Jack, as related in Insect Life, vol. IV., p. 105,
states that the insect had been introduced into Massachusetts for a number of years,
and that its ravages had sometimes been quite noticeable in the Arnold Arboretum.
Mr. Jack wrote from Berlin in an article entitled ' Notes of a Summer Journey in
Europe,' which appeared in Garden and Forest for February 24, 1892, p. 87, and says
of this insect that ' the European larch is sometimes seriously injured and is often
killed by the larvae of this moth, which eat out all the interior of the leaves, leaving
only the dry, hard, shrivelled epidermis.' He also points out that the Japanese larch,
both in Germany and at the Arnold Arboretum, is not attacked by the insect.
The numbers of the larvaB upon the trees at Ottawa in May last were not large
enough to have any serious effects upon either the growth or appearance of the trees;
but I regret to find this autumn that the small cases of the larvse are enormously more
abundant than they were last spring. The winter cases are very slender and vary from
2| to 4 millimetres in length by about half a millimetre in diameter. They are open at
the end and are almost cylindrical in shape, like a cut off leaf. For that reason they axe
easily overlooked. There were among these larval cases a very small percentage which
were curved after the manner of the winter cases of the Cigar Case-bearer of the Apple ;
but it is possible that these may have been the cases of another species. The cases of
the full-grown larvae of the Larch Case-bearer are after the same pattern as the winter
cases, but are thicker and resemble more nearly those of the Cigar Case-bearer by being
tapered slightly to each end. They are very little longer than the winter cases but
have a much larger diameter, being over one millimetre at the widest part; and the
end is somewhat pinched in. The colour is pale drab. The caterpillars have a curious
habit, when full grown, of fastening themselves in the centre of a fascicle of leaves,
where they are very difficult to detect. There is only one brood in the year, the moths of
which appear in 0 une. They are very small, not expanding more than one third of an inch
when the wings are opened, of an ashy satiny gray colour, with long, slender antennte.
After pairing, the females lay their tiny yellow eggs on the needles of the larch. These
soon hatch, and the larvae eat their way into the slender needles of the empty skins of
which, subsequently, they make the slender cases in which they pass the winter, attached
to the twigs of the trees. As soon as the buds begin to swell in spring, these minute
caterpillars revive and feed upon the young leaves. When a caterpillar attacks a leaf,
it eats a hole in the side, and, as it consumes the interior portion, it protrudes its body
from the case until it can reach no further without leaving the case. In spring tho
young caterpillar grows rapidly, and its winter case soon becomes too small for it;
so, it is split down the side, and the empty skin of another leaf is inserted. This opera-
tion is repeated from time to time when necessary, until full growth is reached. Some
cases from successive additions have a ridged or striated appearance. Pupation takes
place inside the case, and the moths emerge from the upper end. Up to the present
time nothing in the shape of a practical remedy is recorded.
Through the kindness of Mr. A. Scheck, of the German Consulate, in Montreal, I
have received the following interesting account of the habits of this insect, in Ger-
many, from Mr. Rudolph Japing, Forest Assessor, Muenden, Hanover, Germany:
' The moths of Coleophora laricella, Hbn., fly during the day time in May and June.
The females lay yellow eggs on the needles, which in 6-S days turn to a grayish colour.
LTpon hatching the young cateri^illar eats its way into a needle, consumes the interior,
and from the empty skin makes a small bag in which it lives until September. During
winter the caterpillar remains in this bag, generally on the top of the branches, more
seldom in crevices of the bark. In spring it is again found mining in the new needles,
and soon has to enlarge its bag, which it dors by joining to it a part of a newly hollowed
out needle. In this bag the insect changes to a chrysalis in April and May, the moth
emerging at tlie end of May.
The Spine I) Rustic (Barathra occidcntata, GrtJ
Moths (the lower, typical), and caterpillars, young, half grown and full grown.
Clover Dodder on Alfalfa.
(Firjure kiiully lent hii "Farmers' Advocate," London, Ont.)
REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTAXIST 193
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
* The injury to the trees from these insects can be very great, especially in spring.
The growth stops and the trees become feeble and are thus susceptible to canker, which
often follows the damage done by the insect. The Larch Case-bearer is mostly found
on trees from 10 to 40 years old.
' In nature the insects are devoured by many birds, and in autumn they are often
destroyed by protracted rains and by early frosts.
' Trees badly infested by these insects should be cut down from the middle of June
till the end of August. This causes the leaves to dry up and the caterpillars die of
starvation. It would be better to burn the needles, but this is possible only in nurseries.
In the extensive forests of Canada it would be difficult to do anything effective to
destroy the insects.'
The White-marked Tussock-moth (Hemerocampa leucostigma, S. & A.). — Of
recent years the shade trees in several of our Canadian cities have been very much
disfigured by the caterpillars of this well known native insect. Energetic measures
have been taken by the local newspapers and the civic authorities, particularly in
Toronto and Montreal, to reduce this quite unnecessary injury to the fine shade trees
in these beautiful cities. Public meetings have been called, and the advice of specialists
has been taken. There is nothing of any importance which is still unlinown of the
habits of this insect, and all that is now necessary is the prosecution of a vigorous
campaign at once, so as to control as soon as possible, if not actually to wipe out, this
unwelcome guest which has done so much harm. The subject was treated of at some
length at a public lecture which I had the honour of delivering before Toronto Uni-
versity in February last, and again before the Toronto Horticultural Society in June.
The discussions were reported at length with further comments by the Toronto Glohe
and other newspapers. A similar action was taken in the city of Montreal where a
conference was summoned by the Montreal Natural History Society, and a thorough
discussion of the subject took place. The Montreal Star, La Presse, and other news-
papers, published several articles in their daily editions, and at request I prepared a
full axtir"'-^ for the ^Yeel:ly Star and Family Herald. The course of action recom-
mended by me at all of the above meetings was to destroy the caterpillars by spraying
the trees while the caterpillars were young, with arsenites or other active poisons, and
the collection of the conspicuous egg masses during winter. Prof. D. P. Penhallow,
of McGill University, has taken an active and useful part in distributing information
en the subject, and in drawing the attention of the public of Montreal to this important
matter, and his efforts have been ably supplemented by Mr. H. H. Lyman, who has
materially assisted with expert advice as to the correct natural history of the insect.
It is to be hoped now that public attention has been drawn to this matter, vigorous
measures will be adopted, and that private citizens will second the efforts of the muni-
cipal authorities by attending to their own trees and gardens, which cannot be well
reached by officials. In this way this insect may be very much controlled. Its pos-
sibilities for injury are only too well known by what it has done in New York,
Kochester, Cleveland and other cities in the United States.
The Vaxcouver Island Oak-looper {Therina somniaria, Hulst). — The beautiful
oak trees which form such an attractive feature of Victoria, Vancouver Island, have
again this year suffered severely from the attaclcs of the caterpillars' of this geometrid
moth. It was hoi>ed from the large numbers of parasites which were reared from the
pupae last autumn, that the injury during 1905 would have been less than in the pre-
ceding season. These hopes, however, were doomed to disappointment, for the caterpil-
lars occurred last spring in countless myriads and stripped every vestige of foliage
from most of the oaks around the city and for several miles out into the country. Mr.
J. R. Anderson wrote under date June 23 : —
' TJierina somniaria is already at its deadly work worse than ever. The oaks in
some places are already stripped of their leaves, and other plants are b^ng attacked
16—13
194 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
by the famislied larvse, whicli are as yet only half grown. What is to be done, I do not
know, unless the parasites increase. Treatment of the trees with poisons over miles
of country is of course out of the question.'
There is some doubt among entomologists as to the exact status of T. somniaria
as a species. It has usually been considered that it is a form of Therina fervidaria,
Hbn., but the difference in the food plant, fervidaria having been found in nature,
here at Ottawa and in other places, feeding on conifers, seemed to indicate, more per-
haps than the slight differences in markings on the mature insects, that the western
form would probably prove to be a different species. Having received eggs from Mr.
Anderson early in the spring, as soon as the young larvse hatched, they were placed
upon fresh twigs of the hemlock spruce (Tsuga Canadensis), and, although it cannot
be said that at any time they fed upon the hemlock with avidity, nevertheless some
specimens were carried through upon this food plant alone and gave moths at the usual
time. Moreover, on Vancouver Island, when travelling with the Rev. G. W. Taylor,
in September last, a few miles out of Victoria, we observed one instance where the
larvae, after having stripped the oak trees, had spread for a short distance into a grove
of Western Hemlock Spruce and Douglas Fir, the leaves of which to some extent had
been eaten by them. Mr. Taylor, who is a specialist upon the Geometridie considers
it more probable that Therina (Ellopia) somniaria of Hulst is a variety of Therina
fiscellaria of Guenee, which is a segTegate from the old composite species Therina fer-
vidaria of Hubner, than that it is identical with the type species T. fervidaria, Hbn.
He says : — ' It may be said that T. fiscellaria and T. somniaria feed as larvse on de-
ciduous trees, while true T. fervidaria feeds on conifers.' It would appear from
experiments which I have carried on at Ottawa, that this generalization is accurate.
and, although eggs of somniaria from Vancouver Island gave larvre which under com-
pulsion fed on hemlock spruce, a conifer, others from the same batch of eggs ate oak,
their natural food plant, much more readily. T. fervidaria at Ottawa feeds naturally
on hemlock spruce.
From pupffi received from Mr. J. R. Anderson, which had been collected at Vic-
toria, several specimens of Pimpla scriptifrons, Cress., were reared, thus adding one
moi-G species to the many parasites which are already known to prey upon this insect.
1 saw the mature moths and the parasites emerging in enormous numbers in Victoria
on September 18 last. Trees, fences, and sides of houses were swarming with the
pretty soft brown, large-winged moths.
THE APIAHY.
The Apiary, as in the past, has been under the management of Mr. John Fixter,
the farm foreman, whose report I append herewith. The same experiments which have
been carried on for some years have most of them been repeated on account of the
large amount of interest which has been evinced in the subject by correspondents and
visitors to the Central Experimental Farm. The services of Mr. Fixter have been
asked for at a great many meetings of bee-keepers, and, whenever his duties at the
Central Experimental Farm would permit of it, he has attended these metings and
given addresses.
REPORT OF MR. JOHN FIXTER.
Season of 1905.
The season of 1903 has been a fairly good one; especially in western Ontario the
honey crop has been excellent, both as to quality and quantity; parts of Quebec report
medium' crops, while other sections report heavy crops. Correspondents from New
Brunswick, jSTova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Manitoba, the North-west Territories
REPORT OF THE EXTOMOLOGIST AXD DOTAXIST 195
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
also British Columbia, report medium to heavy crops and that bee-keeping is on the
increase in each of those provinces.
The season oi)ened very late in the Ottawa valley, there being so much cold wind at
the end of March and up to April 11. It was necessary to keep the bees in their winter
quarters until this latter date when the colonies were placed on their summer stands
after being confined in their winter quarters for 139 days. The temperature, 52 de-
grees, and the weather bright and mild on April 11 were most favourable for the
cleansing flight of the bees. Then followed many days of cool and windy weather,
which kept the bees confined to their hives ; this continued the greater part of Aprils
the average temperature for April being 41 -14. May set in warmer, the bees gathered
pollen freely, and built up fairly well. During the long cold spedl in April it was
found necessary to feed the bees to keep up brood rearing and to prerent spring dwind-
ling.
The number of colonies on November 23, 1904, was 50, all of which came safely
through the winter. Of these two were sent to the Experimental Farm at Nappan,
JST.S. Eight colonies being rather weak were doubled with others, leaving 40 strong
colonies to begin the season of 1905. These were again increased by swarming to 50
colonies, when the hives were put into their winter quarters on ISTovember 7, 1905. They
all weighed then over 50 pounds each. The honey crop at the Exp3rim.9nta«l Farim
Apiary has been a fairly good one, the average yield being 73 pounds per colony,
spring count.
EXPERIMENTS OX HOW TO PREVEXT SWARMIXG.
I. — H. G. Sihhald's Plan. — Eor this test six colonies of bees in eight-framed
Langstroth hives were selected weighing on an average 48 J pounds each. All were
examined from timfe to time for swarming. On June 10 there was no si'gn of
swarming. At that date each colony had abundance of brood and a considerable
amount of new honey. On June 15 they were again examined. Three colonifei were
found preparing to swarm. Those three colonies were set off their old stands on
other stands a little to one side, New hives were placed on the old stands thus left
vacant. Each one of these contained two empty combs and five empty frames with
two inch starters of foundations. JMext, one frame of brood with queen-cells on it,
was taken from each one of the old colonies that had been set to one side, making
sure that we did not get the queen, and placed with the adhering bees in the hiva
between the two empty combs. The extracting super that had previously been re-
moved from the old colony, was placed on the new hives with all the bees it contained.
On June 19 a second examination was made. One more colony was preparing
to swarm; this one was treated the same as the former three. The old colonies that
had been manipulated, were examined, and all queen-cells were found to be destroyed.
The old colonies were then placed on their original stands, removing the one frame of
brood from the new hive, destroying all queen-cells on it and placing it in the old
colony. Any bees that remained on the starters were transferred to the old colony.
The extracting super that was taken off the new hive was again placed on the old
colony along with the bees it confained, making one very strong colony. The four'-h
colony that was found preparing to swarm, was treated after four days in the same
manner as the three former colonies. The other two colonies did not swarm during
the season. At the close of the season we had six very strong colonies, with plenty of
stores for winter and 468 pounds of extracted honey.
n. — Forced or Shahen Swarms. — For this test six colonies of bees in 8-framed
Langstroth hives were selected, weighing 49| pounds each. Examined on June 10
they showed no sign of swarming; there was abundance of brood and considerable new
honey. June 15 a second examination was made; four colonies were preparin''- to
swarm. The two remaining colonies did not swarm during the season.
IG— 13^
196 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Six other hives are previously prepared for swarms, each containing, in the
order named from left to right: four dumraies, one starter, one worker comb and
two starters. One of these hives is brought and set on a stand directly behind one of
the hives to be treated. The operator removes the first two dummies (Nos. 1 and 2)
from the left or nearer side of the newi hive, and puts them on one side. He then lifts
from the brood chamber of the old hive the comb nearest to him, shakes it almost free
of bees, and places it in the new hive next the left wall. The next comb in the old
hive has a double space for shaking off. After being shaken it is placed beside the first,
and the return motion of the hand carries the dummy (No. 3) from the new hive to
the old one. Comb No. 3 is shaken, carried to the new hive, and dummy No. 4 is brought
back. The fourth comb changes place with the first starter, and so on. When the
eighth comb has been shaken in its own hive and transferred to the new, the brood
chamber of the old hive is filled up with the remaining two dummies, Nos. 1 and 2.
We then put supers on again, close the hive and the bees have been swarmed.
On the seventh day after shaking, the four old colonies were removed to another
location. Most of the bees that were flying went with the shaken swarm, leaving the
old colony so weak that it did not have any inclination to swarm, and only made suffi-
cient honey to carry it over winter.
At the close of the season we had from this test 10 colonies and 432 pounds of
extracted honey.
EXPERIMENTS IN IMPROVING STOCKS OF BEES.
Every farmer knows that there are great differences in his cows, hens, &c., but
there is too often an idea that all bees are alike, and that bee-keeping is all a matter
of luck. If you observe closely, you will find that one colony of bees may give you
good returns, while another just beside it, does nothing in the surplus chamber. Bees
are by no means all alike. They differ in disposition, temper, industry, and in other
ways. It is worth while for you to have the best. Fortunately the change from poor
to good stock may be made more rapidly than with 'other stock, and at less expense.
By paying out a dollar or two for a queen, you may change a colony of poorest black
bees to Italians. All you need to do is to send off your order to a reliable queen-
breeder, such as advertise in our bee journals -and agricultural papers, and the queen
will come by mail, with directions for introducing it, w'hich are easily followed. As a
worker bee only lives about six weeks in the honey season, and, as the new queen
will be laying from one to three thousand eggs in a day, you will see that, if you get an
Italian queen into a colony, it will not be a great while until all the bees in the hive
are Italian. Even if you do not change from one kind of bees to another, it is gen-
erally a matter of advantage to introduce fresh blood occasionally. In any case,
whether you get fresh stock from outside or not, whether your bees are Italians or
hybrids, there is always something to be done in the way of improving your stock, so
long as any one of your colonies is better than the others.
How are you to know which are your best colonies? By keeping track of their
performance, and putting it down in black and white. You can keep account of the
amount of surplus honey you take from each colony, and set it down at the time. The
next year you can select the best colony for your queen-breeder, and a certain number
of the next best colonies for drone rearing. One thing, however, must be taken into
consideration, and that is, whether there has been no change of queens in any of these
colonies. The colony that gave you the largest amount of surplus last year, may have
got a new queen last fall or this spring; the young queen may also have met a drone
of poor stock, and from this you do not wish to breed. You can, therefore, count only
on those colonies that have made a good record and still have the same queen with
which they began the season last year. You must also take into account any special
advantages or disadvantages. For instance, if from colony No. 1 you took two frames
of brood in the spring to give to No. 2, and you then found that No. 2 stored just a
REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 197
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
little more surijlus than No. 1, it would not be fair to rate l\o. 2 as better than No. 1.
The matter of swarming also comes in. A colony that has cast no swarm throughout
the season, will be expected to store more surplus than either the swarm or the mother
colony, generally it will store more than both together. Nearly alw^ays, however, it
v\all be found that the bees that do the most work, are the least given to swarming; so,
the swarming of a colony counts against it in making out its character.
In the ordinary course of management, where bees are left to their own way, and
all the increase is through natural swarming, there will, of course, be the most in-
crease from the colonies most given to swarming, which means that the general char-
acter of the Apiary will run toward swarming rather than storing. We want, how-
ever, to have the tendency not to swarm. There is a way in which a good deal can
be done in the way of improvement, even by those most skilled in the management
of bees.
Having decided which one, or two, or three, are the best colonies you have, watch
for the first one that swarms. Suppose Nos. 1, 2 and 3 are your best, that No. 4 is the
next strongest, and the rest follow in the order of their strength, 5, 6, &c. Suppose
No. 2 swarms; hive the swarm and put it on the stand of No. 2. At the same time,
put the old No. 2 in place of No. 4, and put No. 4 in a new place. All the field bees
that were in No. 2 will join the swarm, making it good for work. The old No. 2 (now
No. 4) will thus be deprived of its field bees, but on the other hand it will get all the
field bees that belonged to old No. 4. In about eight days No. 2 will have a young
queen matured, and will send out a swarm. You will now proceed much as you did
before. Hive the swarrn and put it in the place of No. 2, and put No. 2 in place of
No. 5, putting No. 5 in a new place. The field bees of old No. 5 will strengthen No.
2, now on No. 5 stand, and in a day or two it will send out another swarm. Proceed
as before, putting No. 2 in place of No. 6, and so on as long as swarms issue. In
this way you have, perhaps, no swarm? from old Nos. 4, 5, &c., but in their place you
have swarms from No. 2, all of them having queens of your best stock. When No.
1 swarms, "or No. 3, you can treat them the same way.
There is, of course, the possibility that No. 1 or 2 may not be among the first to
bwarm. Take frames of sealed brood from colonies that you do not want to swarm,
and give them to one of your best colonies, while delaying the swarming of ttose
from which the brood was taken. Of course, when you take these frames of sealed
brood, you will merely exchange them for frames that have little or no sealed brood
in them.
QUEEX REARING.
Rearing queens has become a regular trade, and some bee-keepers make a busi-
ness of shipping queens by mail to those who wish to purchase. Although it may
not be desirable for the farmer with only a few colonies to go into the subject fully,
he should know enough about it to rear the queens at times, for his own accommoda-
tion.
When a colony prepares for swarming, a number of queen-cells are started, six,
eight, ten, possibly many more. As soon as the first one 'of these is sealed, the colony
is likely to throw oS a prime swarm. Six or seven days after this swarm has issued,
the mother colony may divide up into two or more parts, each part being called a
nucleus, the word ' nucleus ' merely meaning a very small colony. You will generally
have enough queen-cells in each nucleus without any attention on your part, but not
always. Sometimes you will find a large number of queen cells on one comb, and
some combs without any. So, it might happen that if you give the matter no atten-
tion you might have a nucleus without any queen cell.
Another thing must be considered. A large proportion of the queen cells arc
built on the lower or outer edges of the combs. If these were left in the old colony
without dividing, they might be all right; but when these combs are used as nuclei.
igg EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
':t is harder for tlie smaller number of bees to keep them -warm, and when a cool night
conies, the bees will shrink away from the edges of the combs, and the queen cells
will be chilled. Hence, you must ,see that each nucleus has at least two or three good
queen cells where they will be sure to be inside of the cluster of bees in the coolest
nights. So you will cut away cells from the edges of the combs and froni combs that
have them to spare, and fasten them where required. To cut out the cells, you may
use a pocket knife with a very sharp, thin blade that is more than an inch long. You
need not cut away more than enough to get all the cell; but be very careful not to
cut into the cell; also not to let one of the cells fall, for while the young and tender
queen is in the cell, a fall may cause a defective wing or leg.
To fasten a queen-cell where you want it, use a very slender wire nail an inch
fnd a half long. Push the nail through the base of the cell, but be sure it does not
enter the cavity of the cell. Nail the cell right over some of the brood, for it will be
more surely taken care of there than if separate from the brood.
It may be noticed that the bees build queen-cells with the points hanging down-
ward, but it is not important that you should have them in exactly the same position.
A still better plan than a nail to fasten a cell, is a staple, the staple being an inch and
a half wide with points one inch long. Lay the cell against the comb, put the staple
over it so that the cell is at one side of the staple, and then sink into the comb the
staple point that is farthest from the cell. Possibly you may be inclined to think that
because only one queen is to be reared in a nucleus, there is no need to have more than
one queen-cell. That would be a mistake. While most of the cells reared by a colony
preparing to swarm may be of the very best that colony can rear, it is not safe to assume
that all are equally good. Some cells may contain poor queens, and some cells may
contain nothing but a dead larva. So it is wise to have a number of cells in a nucleus,
at least two or three. The bees will be likely to use the best. You will be able to see
a difference in the appearance of the cells, and while you are dividing the cells among
the nuclei, you may as well see that each nucleus has its fair share of the best-looking
cells. The best cells are generally among the largest and longest, and are deeply pitted
over the surface. A stubby cell that is not pitted but has a smooth surface, is not likely
to be good. When the young queen is five to eight days old, she will fly out on her
wedding trip, and about three days later she will begin laying. It may be well not to
look for eggs till the queen is perhaps two weeks old, for at first the eggs are few, and
not easily found. If you do not find eggs when the queen is two weeks old, you are not
likely to find any later — the queen has been lost on her wedding trip or there is some
other trouble. It is a good plan to give a nucleus a frame of eggs or unsealed brood
from a choice colony when the young queen is foixr or five days old. If some ill has
befallen the queen on her wedding trip, or if she has entered the wrong hive, the bees
will start queen-cells from this young brood. This young brood seems also to have a
Bort of stimulating effect on the bees, and it is believed it may hurry up the young
queen in her work of laying.
CARE OF EMPTY COMBS. — REMEDY FOR BEE MOTH.
Almost any bee-keeper will have honey-combs that are for a time unoccupied by
bees; even if through no other cause, colonies may have died in winter, leaving combs
empty or containing honey or pollen, Such combs are valuable property and will repay
the care required to preserve them. The three principal enemies of unoccupied combs
are mould, mice and moths.
Combs kept in a damp, close cellar are likely to be affected by mould. This can-
not be entirely prevented where bees are wintered in the cellar ; for, even if no colonies
die, it may happen that some of the outer combs unoccupied by bees will be covered
with mould. Fortunately, the remedy is not difficult. Put a mouldy comb next the
brood-nest of a prosperous colony in the working season, and you will be surprised to
REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTANIST 199
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
find how soon the bees will clean it np so that you will hardly recognize it as the same
comb.
Mice must be kept away from combs by shutting these up in hives or in such other
place where the mice cannot enter. But be careful that you do not pen the mice in
with the combs.
The chief enemy of the apiarist is the "Wax ]\Ioth. If a colony dies in the spring
and the hive remains unnoticed on its summer stand, it is almost certain that, before
the summer is over, you will find it containing a solid mass of webs and cocoons, with
perhaps not a vestige of comb left. You may have sealed up the hive moth-tight before
it is warm enough for a moth to fly; the result will be the same; for the eggs of the
moth by some means have been laid, during the previous fall, in the hive, notwith-
standing the presence of the bees. It is, however, not an easy thing to make a hive
moth-tight, for a moth will squeeze through a much smaller crack than a bee. The
right thing to do with a hive full of combs upon which a colony has died, is to get the
combs as soon as possible in the care of a strong colony of bees. Especially if of
Italian blood, the bees will make short work of cleaning out the worms before they
are large enough to do much harm.
There will be little danger to the combs from the moth until the weather has be-
come warm and bees have been flying for some time, say about the time of apple bloom.
When a hive is noticed with unoccupied combs, clean out all dead bees, and put it
under a hive occupied by a strong colony. If there shoiild be any entrance directly
from outside into the upper hive, close it up, so as to oblige the bees to pass through the
lower hive in going in and out. Keep the entrance very small the first few days, for
fear of robbers. After the colony has had this lower hive in charge for about a week,
so as to get it cleaned out and get used to the work, you can give it a second hive of
combs to clean out, putting the second in the place of the first.
If colonies have died in hives in the cellar, there will not be the same need of haste
as to getting them in care of the bees. Indeed, it may not be a bad plan to take into
the cellar hives whose bees have died on the summer stand ; for in the cellar the worms
will hardly get a fair start until the next spring, when the unoccupied combs will be
needed to form swarms. It is well, however, to look at them occasionally to see that
they are all right, for it is not difiicult to see where the worms have run their silken
galleries. The question is often asked whether it will do to hive a swarm in a hive in
which a colony has died. Unless such a hive is exceedingly filthy, the bees will
promptly clean it up, at the same time being saved much labour in building new
combs.
It is well to know that freezing destroys the worms. So a hive of combs that has
teen left out all winter, is in no danger of worms until well along in warm weather,
when moths have had time to mature and to lay eggs. If such combs are hung up in
an airy place with a space of an inch between them, they will almost surely be safe
from worms throughout the summer, and indeed worms may not trouble them all sum-
mer if left in the hive in their usual position.
If for any reason it is desired to kill worms in combs, sulphur is the material
usually resorted to. A very little of the fumes of burning sulphur will finish the
worms when they are quite small ; but, when full grown, it takes a very heavy dose ;
so it is well first to pick out the larger ones by hand. For this take a sharp pointed
knife and pick open the comb at one end of the silken gallery for half an inch, then
commence at the other end and tear it open the whole length. This will drive the
worm along till it comes out of the hole you first made. You can end its existence
by what means may soem best. To fumigate a hive with sulphur, set into a pan or
kettle partly full of ashes a smaller vessel of iron. In this put the sulphur and throw
on it a shoveKul of live coals or a red hot iron. This must be in an empty hive or
some tightly closed box or chamber so that the fumes cannot escape. Great care must
be exercised so that the fire does not extend to the surrounding wood. The co:nbs
placed over the burning sulphur may be prevented from catching fire by means of a
200 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1908
piece of old slieet-iron placed under them. It must be further remembered that burn-
ing sulphur destroys only tH^ worms, not the eggs. So, it may be necessary to treat
the combs a week or two later, when any eggs laid will have hatched. Combs of honey
for table use are not likely to be infested with worms; but in the case of black bees,
especially if the combs are left too long in the hives, there might be some worms. The
dose of sulphur for these may be lighter than for brood combs ; if the dose is too heavy,
the white combs will assume a greenish colour, which, however, does not hurt them for
eating.
When extracting combs are extracted for the last time in the season, it is the
practice of most bee-keepers to allow the bees to lick them dry. A hive full of such
combs may be placed over a colony, a propolis quilt with a small opening through it,
having first been placed over the brood frames, and this allowing but one or two bees
to pass at one time. Thus, the bees are not so apt to break down the combs and there
is less danger of robbing; but a surer way is to set the hive at some distance from the
apiary and let the bees have free play at it. After being thoroughly cleaned, all hives
containing combs should be removed to a dark room until late in the autumn, and
then to a building where they will get the full benefit of frost during the winter.
UNFINISHED SECTIONS.
' At the close of the honey harvest there will always be more or less of the sections
unfinished, the number varying greatly in different years. It will happen some years
when the season is poor, that none will be finished. Even in the best of years there
will be a considerable portion left unfinished, varying all the way from those the bees
have not started at all, up to those that are filled with honey, but have a few cells
unsealed. Those that have not been worked at by the bees, having no h'oney at all in
them, mtiy be put away until the next year, when they can be used. Be very careful,
however, that you do not make the mistake of leaving such sections too long on the
hives. When the harvest is over, they should come off at once, for the bees will only
daub bee-glue upon them, and sometimes to such an extent that the sections will not
be accepted by the bees the following year. Some make a practice of taking off all
sections at the close of the clover and linden harvest, sio as to have none of the darlc
honey in them and to avoid the bee-glue being put on them while the bees have noth-
ing to do between the early and late harvests. If a fall flow comes, sections can be
again put on, or, better, extracting combs.
Sections that are not entirely finished, will, of course, do for the table, and if they
are to be sold, they must be sold at a lower price. Any that are less than half filled
with honey, should be fed to the bees. If you set out a super of such sections where
the bees can get at them, they would promptly carry out the honey, but would be so
eager at this work that they would tear down the tender comb so as to ruin it. Ex-
tracting combs are not in the same danger unless they are new. To avoid having the
sections ruined for future use, cover them up so as to leave a passage for only one
bee at a time to get at them. It is better to set them 10 or 12 rods away from the
iipiary.
These sections, after being cleaned out by the bees will be valuable for use the
next year, and one or more of them, if put in each super that is first placed on the
hives, will start the bees promptly at work. If the sections were not cleaned out, the
particles of lioney remaining would candy and affect the new honey put in them the
next season.
.V*
John Eixter.
REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BOTANIST 201
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
DIVISION OF BOTANY.
CLOVER OE ALFALFA DODDER.
From time to time inquiries are m.ade by farmers concerning curious leafless,
Ihread-like, fleshy parasitic plants which they find climbing over clover and alfalfa
in their fields. Tho Hiter plant is also known as kicern. The parasite injures the host
plants very much. As a rule only a few patches will be found in a field; but occasion-
ally, as in an instance referred to below, the dodder parasite increased to such an
extent that the crop of alfalfa was practically ruined. Specimens of the parasites
having been procured through the kindness of Mr. H. H. Miller, of Guelph, Ont. , upon
examination they proved to be the Clover Dodder, which in this country is more gen-
erally known under the name of Alfalfa Dodder. Formerly this species was known as
Cuscuta trifolii, Bab., from the frequency with which it occurred upon clover {Tri-
foKum) in Europe, but it seems to be now generally conceded that it is the same
species as was described from plants growing parasitically upon the wild thyme, and
for which reason it had been named Cuscuta epithymum. There are several kinds of
dodders growing in North America; but in Canada it is a small genus consisting of
only a few species. Of these there are only one or two which cause injury to crops;
and by far the larger number of cases reported are by the Clover or Alfalfa Dodder;
this is a European species which has doubtless been brought into this country with the
seeds of alfalfa or clover. It does not confine itself to the different kinds of clover, or
even to plants of that natural order, but has been found upon a great many different
kinds of plants. It is an annual coming up from the seed every year, and in the past
the injuries from this parasite have been so small that it would appear as if in many
seasons the seed did not ripen sufficiently to allow the plant to increase and become
very destructive. It must be remembered, however, that very little alfalfa, which is a
long-lived perennial, has up to the present tiftie been grown in Canada, and con-
sequently the only chance which the dodder had to establish itself, was upon Red Clover,
which is a much shorter-lived plant and, as a rule, at any rate, is i)loughed down after
the second year's crop has been taken.
The seeds of dodder would hardly be ripe before the first crop of clover was cut,
and its only chance for ripening seed and perpetuating itself would be in those pods
which formed low enough to be left on the stubble, or such as were ripe before the
second crop of clover was cut in the autumn. The fleshy pods seem to take a long
time to rij)en; and among those I have examined, there were very few which seemed
dry enough to withstand the September frosts without injury. This, however, is only
conjecture, and doubtless in some places further west than Ottawa seed may have
ripened this year as it has in previous years to some extent. That this is the case, is
shown by the persistence of the plant for two or even three years in a field after it had
first been observed. However, such plants may come from seed sown with the clover, of
which the germination was delayed; for Mr. H. IT. Miller, in a good article upon this
subject which was published in the Farmer s Advocate for Nov. 23 last, states that
' the seeds will retain their vitality in the soil for five years or longer under favourable
conditions. Tests as to vitality have shown that the half-ripe seed of this species will
retain sufficient vitality to germinate almost as readily as the fully ripe seed. In
some cases, they germinate more quickly ; and, when the seeds have been found in their
capsules, the percentage of germination was but little inferior to that of well ripened
seed.'
202 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
The injury done to clover and alfalfa by the dodder is by actually sucking their
elaborated sap from them. When the young seed first germinates, a slender yellow
thread is pushed up from the soil, which swings round slowly as it grows, and, as soon
as this thread touches a living plant, it twines itself around it and throws out from the
surface which touches its host, many rootlets or suckers which grow into the tissues
of the host plant and draw from it its sap. The host soon becomes dwarfed and in
time dies. The dodder plant, however, in the meantime has thrown out a very much
branched tangle of fine stems which have spread to other plants in the neighbourhood,
from which it is also drawing its nutriment. As soon as the young dodder plant has
attached itself to a suitable host, its connection with the soil dries up and ceases. The
flowers of the dodder are not produced until the plant has attained a considerable size,
when it may form a thick mat from two to four feet across. The flowers are borne in
thick conglomerate clusters along the stems and are sometimes so abundant that they
almost hide the yellow or reddish stems. Although the plant belongs to the Con-
volvulus family, the tiny five-lobed corolla does not very much resemble the well
known shape of the flowers of the Morning Glory. The seed pod, however, and the
shape of the contained seeds show the relationship. The separate seeds found in clover
seed are variable in size, some being about the same size as Red Clover seed, others
much smaller. They are obtusely triangular, of a pale greenish or yellowish brown
colour, with the surface finely granulated.
It is probable that the large seeds, nearly as large as those of clover are of a differ-
ent species from those usually found, which I take to be Cuscuta epithymum. Mr. G.
H. Clark, Seed Commissioner of the Department of Agriculture, tells me that 'owing
to the shortage in the clover seed crop of last year some of our seed merchants im-
ported a lot of clover seed which had originally come from Chili, but was procured
through European merchants. This seed was badly infested with Clover Dodder and
Wild Carrot. The supply of lucern seed sold in Canada usually comes from Utah, and
generally contains some dodder seed. If properly cleaned, however, lucern can be made
practically free from dodder seed.'
Mr. Clark also writes me as follows : ' Since discussing the matter of the identity
of the different-sized dodder seeds found in clover and alfalfa seed, I have gone more
carefully into it and now believe that this recently introduced large dodder seed is
Cuscuta racemosa, Mart., var. chiliana, Eng., of which you will note considerable re-
ference made in the reports of French, German and Swiss botanists as a species of
dodder found in clover seed imported from South America. We have been able to
secure a specimen of seed that was grown by Dr. Stebler, of Zurich, which he classifies
as racemosa, and which we believ§ to be almost identical with the dodder imported into
Ontario during the past season. We have yet to learn whether this dodder will stand
our Canadian winters, but it seems that C epithymum may become a nuisance in the
south-western part of the province of Ontario.'
The following is cited from Mr. Miller's article in the Farmer's Advocate and
refers probably to the worst occurrence of the Alfalfa Dodder which has ever been
noted in Canada :
'As a good example of the injury this weed may accomplish when it once becomes
establisned, let me mention a case in St. Mary's, Ont., where a fifteen acre field of
alfalfa w.as in two years practically destroyed by this weed. The writer had the op-
portunity of visiting this field several times during the past summer, and tlupough
the courtesy of the owner secured the following information: Thg field was seeded
down in 1902 with alfalfa, oats being used as a nurse crop. Conditions being favour-
able, it gave a beautiful stand in 1903, being cut twice and giving a total yield of
about six tons per acre. The first indication of dodder was noticed June 1, 1903, when
the owner found about a dozen small round yellowish patches, which he attributed
to the bursting of drainage tiles. In about two weeks, however, these had spread so
as to attract special attention, and, upon examination, he found masses of tendrils.
In 1904 it had spread so as to produce a blight throughout the field. The alfalfa was
REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AXD BOTANIST 203
SESSIONAL PAPER No- 16
cut once and gave a yield of one ajid a half tons per acre. In 1905 six acres were cut
and gave a yield of about one ton lof dodder stems and alfalfa per acre. The re-
mainder of the field was not considered worth harvesting, as the dodder had taken
entire, possession of the crop.'
The question has been raised as to whether alfalfa badly infested "\vith dodder
is fit for food for various kinds of stock. Hearing that Mr. T. Murray Bell, of Otter-
burn Farm, St. Mary's, had some dodder on his alfalfa, which he had fed to sheep,
I asked him to let me know the particulars, which are given in the following letter : —
' St. Mary's, Aug. 13. — I have your favour of the 8th, and as requested I send
you three samples of alfalfa with and without the parasite. You ask if this crop is
grown for seed here, or merely for hay. In reply, as far as I laiow, it is merely grown
for hay and is cut twice in the season. Yes, we fed our parasitized clover to our
breeding ewes all last winter without any evil results, two-thirds of *them having
twins and an abundance of millc with little or no other feed. We intend doing the
same thing this winter. The above mentioned hay was fully mixed with dodder when
housed; and, when all was fed up this spring, there was no dodder to be seen any-
where. I believe that, if a field infested with dodder were depastured with sheep after
the hay was taken off, little or no dodder would be left afterwards, provided of course
that it had not already seeded itself.'
In August last I had an opportunity of discussing with Mr. Miller the occur-
rences of dodder at St. Mary's, and he obtained for me some heavily infested samples
of alfalfa, and also, from the same field and grown on the same soil and under similar
conditions, a sample of normal alfalfa which had not been attacked by dodder. These
were submitted to Mr. F. T. Shu'tt, the Chief Chemist of the Dominion Experimental
Farms, who has kindly furnished me with the following report, from which it will bo
seen that, as far as the chemical food constituents are concerned, the dodder-infested
hay is of about equal value with the unattacked hay; but it must not be forgotten that
the crop per acre is very much less, and above all, that the plants in an infested field
are destroyed. This analysis is of value in showing that, when hay is found to be
infested, there is no need to follow the general course and bum it, unless it is only
occurring in very small patches through a crop.
ALFALFA AFFECTED WITH DODDER.
We received from Mr. H. H. Miller, O.A.C., Guelph, on August 16, three sam-
ples of alfalfa, as follows. — No. 1 free from dodder. No. 2 slightly affected with dod-
der and No. 3 very badly damaged, indeed, practically destroyed, with dodder. All
the samples were in good condition.
At tlie suggestion of Dr. Fletcher, the Botanist, we submitted to analysis Nos. 1
and 3, with the object of ascertaining how far the feeding value of the alfalfa, as re-
vealed by chemical analysis, might be affected by this parasite. In the following table
the ciomposition of the alfalfa is given, the results being presented as calculated both
on the fresh and water-free material : —
Analysis.
No. 1. No. 3.
Unattacked. Very seriously
Fresh material— affected.
Moisture 73-41 72-24
Protein 4-91 4-77
Fat or oil '67 -95
Carbo-hydrates.. 10-76 13-15
Fibre 7-84 6-81
Ash , 2-41 2-08
100 -00 100 -00
204 EXPERIMEI^TAL FARMii
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
No. 1. No. 3.
Unattacked. Very seriously
Water-frse material — affected.
Protein 18-49 17-19
Fat or oil 2-51 3-41
Carbo-hydrates 40-35 47-35
Fibre 29-50 24-55
Ash 9-15 7-50
100 -00 100 -00
Presuming that the stage of growth o£ the alfalfa is practically the same in both
cases, a comparison of the data should enable us to learn what effect or influence, if
any, the dodder has had upon the host plant — alfalfa.
In respect to the most important nutrient, protein, the unattacked aKalfa is some-
what the richer; but the difference is by no means a marked one. The fat, or rather
ether extract, includes a certain amount of chlorophyll, so that the slightly higher
percentage in the affected alfalfa can scarcely be construed as indicating any superior-
ity. The percentages of fibre and ash are slightly lower in the dodder-affected alfalfa.
It might scarcely be warrantable to draw any conclusion from so few data as to
the physiological effect of the dodder; but I think we may safely infer that no great
difference in feeding value exists between the dodder-free and dodder-affected alfalfa.
Frank T. Shutt,
Chemist, Bom. Exp. Farms.
Eradication. — The chief safeguard against dodder injuring a crop of clover or
alfalfa, is to examine carefully all seed purchased and clean out thoroughly all weed
seeds before sowing. The dodder seed, when once known, can easily be recognized by
its dull surface and triangular shape. When dodder plants are found to be growing
in a field the patches should be cut at once and the ground hoed so that no low-growing
plants may ripen seed. Burning small areas by putting straw or coal oil over them is
said to be effective, but would be less convenient than hoeing out the infested plants.
Where a whole field has been thoroughly infested, it should be put under a short
rotation in which clover for hay is omitted for at least two rotations, as it is claimed
that tlie seeds will remain in the soil for five years without decaying; therefore, some
of the seeds of the original sowing, particularly if these were raither dry, might be
delayed in germinating for that time. As stated above, it is only quite recently that
dodder has occurred in Canada in sufficient quantiity in crops to do extensive harm;
but, with the increasing cultivation of alfalfa, it is 'of course possible that it may
become a more frequent enemy of farmers. It is therefore important that its habits
and appearance should be known as soon as possible.
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906
REPORT OF THE CEREALIST.
Chas. E. Saunders, B.A., Ph. D.
Dr. Wm. Saunders, C.M.G.,
Director Dominion Experimental Farms,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith the third annual report of the Cereal
Division.
The various problems in connection with the growing of wheat in this and other
parts of Canada have occupied the greater part of my time during the past year.
Attention has also been given to the other cereals as well as to the fodder crops in-
cluded in the scope of this Division.
The winter mtinths were occupied chiefly in the selecting of grain and in making
milling and baking tests of important varieties and commercial mixtures of wheat.
With the co-operation of the Chemical Division, a careful and thorough study was
made of the milling and chemical value of the different grades of wheat in the Mani-
toba Inspecti'on Division, using the crop of the previous year (1904). The results of
this investigation were published in the form of a bulletin (No. 50) last June.
In February I attended the annual meeting of the American Breeder's Associa-
tion, held at Champaign, Illinois, and presented a paper on * A Natural Hybrid in
Wheat.'
After the close of this meeting I visited wheat-testing laboratories in Chicago
and Minneapolis, and spent part of a day at the Minnesota State Agricultural Ex-
periment Station at St. Anthony Park. From this point I travelled to Brandon to
attend the sessions of the Manitoba Grain Growers' Association. At this meeting I
gave an address on the breeding and testing of wheats as carried on alt the Experi-
mental Farms.
The work of cross-fertilising in cereals was continued this year as usual, although
the number of crosses made was not very large, owing to the fact that the work of
previous years has given rise to such quantities of material as it is almost impossible
to mana^'P.
The study of these new types, and the selection from them of the most desirable
sorts for propagation occupied much time during the summer.
Attention was also given to the second of the new races of hardy apples which are
being produced at this Farm. Six crosses were made between hybrids of the first race
and some of the standard apples, 121 seeds being obtained.
As soon as the cereal harvest was over I made a journey westward, visiting some
of the more important wheat growing districts of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, for the
purpose of studying the variations produced in wheat by differences in soil and climate,
and to see to what extent the Red Fife wheat is mixed with other sorts. Many in-
teresting observations were made, and important specimens collected on this trip.
I acknowledge with pleasure the valuable assistance rendered to me by Mr. George
Fixter, foreman in charge of the field work of this Division, and by Miss M. Hager,
who has aided me in the diverse kinds of work carried on in the office.
For samples of seed grain I am indebted to Prof. C. A. Zavitz, of Guelph, who
sent to me Mandscheuri barley and Early Hipe oats, to Prof. Ten Eyck, of the Kansas
Experiment Station, and Prof. M. A. Carleton, of the Department of Agriculture at
205
206 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903
Washington, from both of whom were received samples of Turkey Red winter wheat,
to Mr. A. Kirsche of Pfiffelbach-Apolda, for new varieties of cereals and to Mr. Wm.
Farrer, of Lambrigg, N.S.W., for samples of some new Australian wheats of his own
breeding.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
■ CHAELES E. SAUNDERS,
Cerealist.
CROSSING AND SELECTION OE CEREALS.
Increased care is being exercised every year in the selection of seed for the small
groups of plants grown for breeding purposes. The improved, selected strains now be-
ing grown at this Earm furnish excellent material for this work of originating new
sorts.
As the number of cross-bred kinds now on hand is so large, only a few new crosses
were made this year. The conditions, as to weather, were quite favourable, and good
results were obtained. In barley one cross was made, giving 14 seeds, and in wheat
seven crosses, giving 80 seeds. The number of wheat flowers operated on was 104, the
percentage of success being therefore nearly 77. Judging by the experience of former
years this should represent nearly 75 per cent of true cross-bred kernels. It seems im-
possible to avoid entirely the production of self-fertilised grains.
The work of cross-fertilising was begun on June 27th and finished on July 8th.
The cross-bred seeds obtained in 1904 were sown about a foot apart each way.
Most of the seeds germinated. The plants made vigorous growth and matured large
quantities of seed in nearly all cases. About 90 plants were harvested, among the most
interesting being some beardless types of two-row barley, and some strong, early kinds
of wheat produced by crossing Aurora with Red Eife and Riga with Pringle's Cham-
plain.
The grain obtained from the mother plants raised from the cross-bred seeds of
1903 was sown in groups, the seed from each mother plant being carefully kept separate.
As every seedling in each group can fairly be regarded as a distinct variety there were
in this plantation approximately 40,000 varieties of wheat, 4,000 of oats, 5,000 of barley
and 1,000 of peas, a total of about 50,000 new varieties. The great majority of these
were rejected before or during the harvest, but several thousand of the more promising
plants were retained for more thorough examination during the winter.
In addition to these unfixed sorts there were sown about 100 other new varieties
or new selections, chiefly of wheat, in small plots. Those are now quite fixed in type
and they presented a most striking and beautiful api)earance as they ripened. A few
s'orts were rejected for weakness of st5*aw or for other reasons, and the remainder will
be subjected to further careful study before being tested in the larger plots. The
heavy storms which occurred during the ripening season made the observations on
strength of straw particularly valuable. Among the most interesting new varieties
•and strains in this collection may be mentioned several selections from Red Eife, which
are of the highest gluten strength and some of which ripen somewhat earlier than or-
dinary Red Eife. There are also some superior strains of Preston, Stanley, Percy,
Huron, Riga and other cross-bred sorts produced in tbe first few years after the estab-
lishment of the experimental farms, as well as strains of other varieties which have
not yet been described. Some crosses between Colorado wheat and Common Emmer
and between Red Fife wheat and wheats of the durum or macaroni class are showing
desirable qualities and may prove useful for those farmers who raise wheat for
chickens. One of these new sorts (known for the present under the record number of
REPORT OF THE CEREALIST 207
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
8 C) was subjected to a partial analysis by the chemist of tbe experimental farms and
showed the remarkably high protein content of 17^ per cent. Another variety (9 J 3)
showed more than 17 per cent of protein.
Among the new sorts of wheat recently obtained from other countries the variety
called ' Bobs,' which is of high quality, was watched with special interest this season.
A few seeds of this wheat were sent to this farm by the originator, Mr. Wm. Farrer,
of jSTew South Wales, who states that in the warmer districts of that colony it shows
considerable power to resist rust. It did not, however, withstand the attacks of rust
in the climate of Ottawa, this season, so well as several of our standard sorts.
Another very interesting variety, which has been named Aurora, may also be
mentioned. It was obtained by the selection of a very early and strong plant obtained
by growing some mixed wheat imported from India. The amount of seed of Aurora
on hand did not permit the sowing of one-fortieth of an acre this season, but the small
plot sown ripened on July 21st, having matured in the remarkably short time of 87
days. This is our earliest wheat. It produces hard red kernels of good quality,
but appears to be only moderately productive and has short straw. It will be further
tested. It was crossed with Red Fife in 1904 and the plants raised this season from
the cross-fertilised seeds were vigorous and early. They seem likely to give rise to
some important new wheats.
VISIT TO MANITOBA AND SASKATCHEWAN.
About harvest time the writer travelled through portions of Manitoba and Sas-
katchewan for the purpose of studying the wheat fields in those provinces as well as
to inspect the uniform test plots of cereals on the branch experimental farms. The
principal points visited were Indian Head, Brandon, Neepawa and Dauphin. Much
information of value was obtained and many interesting samples of grain were col-
lected. The wheat fields in both of the provinces visited were found almost invariably
to contain a noteworthy proportion of varieties other than true Eed Fife, amounting
in some instances to about 50 per cent. Many of these sorts are easily distinguishable
from Red Fife, and could be eliminated by any farmer who would take pains to purify
his seed. The commonest kind is a bearded wheat with red chaif which has been known
in some localities imder the name of Assiniboia wheat. There are perhaps two or
three slightly different varieties included under this name, but it may conveniently be
used for them all as they are very much alike. Altogether there were found about
fifteen varieties mixed with Red Fife. The study of these is not yet completed, but
it appears that, with the exception of White Fife, which is seldom met with, they are
all inferior to Red Fife for the production of strong flour, and are, therefore, a menace
to the reputation of the wheat of these provinces. The varieties with very short heads
(club wheats) are especially poor and should be regarded in almost the same light as
noxious weeds.
CEREALS IN THE PEACE RIVER COUNTRY.
Samples of such varieties of grain as seem likely to be of value to settlers in the
district drained by the Peace River are sent to them from time to time from this farm.
Some rejwrts and samples have been received back from these settlers.
Mr. Allan Brick, of Peace River Landing, sent very good samples of Stanley and
Preston wheat and Tartar King oats from the crop of 1904.
Mr. Charles Bremner, of Spirit River, reported concerning the season of 1904 :
' The barley (Odessa) produced good samples, also the oats (Tartar King), but the
wheat was badly frozen in July and August.'
208 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-C EDWARD VII., A. 1903
The Eev. Father Josse, O.M.I., of Spirit River, reported : ' The samples you eent
us have succeeded very well. Both the wheats ripened all right (Stanley and Gehun).
Odessa barley and Flying Scotchman oats have succeeded perfectly well. This year
was a pretty dry one.'
The Rev. Robert Simpson, of Spirit River reported : ' The season was against us.
We sowed on April 2Tth and all were ripe by August 25th. The Preston wheat and
Tartar King oats yielded heavily. Of course the straw was shorter than it would have
been had we had rain.'
The Rev. Brother Laurent, O.M.I., of the St. Bernard Mission, Little Slave Lake,
reported that the Tartar King oats did very well, but that the varieties of wheat sent
to him (Stanley, Preston and Early Riga) did not do so well as the Red Fern which
has been grown there for four years. Odessa and Clifford barley did not suit the con-
ditions in that section so well as the barley which was introduced several years ago.
Only one report on the results of the season of 1905 has thus far been received :
Mr. "William Smith, of Fort Vermilion, reports that his samples were sown on
June 6th and cut August 15th. The quantities sown were 1 lb. each, and the amounts
harvested were : Preston wheat, 26 lbs. ; Harold wheat, 11 lbs., and Flying Scotchman
oats, 12 lbs. He says : ' The Preston wheat ripened fully as early as the Harold. The
oats came to maturity about the same date as the wheat, and the kernels were plump
and good.'
It is evident, from these reports, that great differences exist in the various sec-
tions of country drained by the Peace River, and that much further experimental work
with cereals will be necessary before the possibilities in regard to grain growing there
can be fully understood.
GRADES OF WHEAT IN THE MANITOBA INSPECTION DIVISION.
The results of the study of the various grades of wheat in the Manitoba Inspection
Division (crop of 1904) have already been published in Bulletin No. 50 of the Experi-
mental Farm series. For the purpose of making further observations on the character
of the wheat some of the seed in each grade from No. 1 Hard to No. 5 was sown on
this farm last spring, and observations were made, later in the season, on the character
of the grain produced from each grade.
The proportion of heads not of the Red Fife type was determined for each grade
with the following results: —
Per C'int.
No. 1 Hard ': 8-4
No. 1 Northern 9-8
No. 2 " 6-9
No. 3 " 6-2
No. 4 Extra T 1
No. 4 9-3
No. 5 9-7
As the samples sown were thoroughly representative of the averages of the grades,
the above figures show clearly that the lower grades contain, as a rule, about the same
proportions of Red Fife as the higher grades. The figures given do not represent the
total quantities of other varieties present, but only those which could be distinguished
from Red Fife without much difficulty.
The weight of crop produced from the plot of each grade was not determined but
was certainly greatest in the plots where good seed was sown.
The quality of the different samples of grain harvested was carefully observed.
The differences found were, however, quite insignificant in most respects. Each sam-
ple contained about 98 per cent of hard kernels; but while practically all the kernels
1 o „ Photo, by C. E. Savnders.
i, 2 AND 3 ARE TYPICAL HkaDS OF EeD FifE, ( AcTUAL SiZE.)
4 AXU 5 ARE TYPICAL HeADS OF WhITE FiFE, (AcTUAL SiZE.
TiEPORT OF THE CEREALIST 209
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
produced from the highest grades of seed had a red skin, the crop from No. 2 Northern
and the grades below this showed a small proportion of kernels with a yellow skin.
These are, of course, not necessarily inferior in quality, though less popular at pre-
sent. In plumpness there was a very slight difference in favour of the crop from the
higher grades.
The red chaff, bearded heads (' Assiniboia ' wheat), which were the most con-
spicuous type present other than Bed Fife, gave grain quite as free from soft kernels
as the Eed Fife and of a richer red colour. The Assiniboia did not ripen appreciably
earlier than the Red Fife. These observations, as well as those made by the writer in
the wheat fields of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, show clearly that the prevailing idea
that this Assiniboia wheat is an early, soft variety of poor colour is quite erroneous.
Though undoubtedly inferior to Red Fife for the production of strong, pale-coloured
flour, the appearance of the grain is 'better than Red Fife if judged by the ordinary
standards. This serves to show that colour and hardness alone are very poor indica-
tions of actual milling value.
DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIETIES OF WHEAT.
So far as the writer is aware no careful descriptions of the most important varie-
ties of wheat which have been long under cultivation in Canada have ever been pub-
lished. It seems necessary therefore to describe a few of our best known sorts, in re-
gard to some of which considerable confusion and misunderstanding exist.
Red Fife (Scotch Fife). — Kernels red, inclined to pale rather than dark red, of
medium size but somewhat short. Heads of medium length, averaging about 3| inches
long at Ottawa, tapering, essentially beardless, but having, as a rule, a few elongated
awns (generally from 3 to 7) towards the tip. In rare cases some of these awns may
be as much as li inches in length, but they are usually less than an inch long. In
some instances the heads are devoid of conspicuous awns. Chaff smooth and usually
of a straw-yellow colour, though in some climates it takes a faint reddish tinge, not
sufficient however to cause any difficulty in separating the heads from thiose of other
sorts with true red chaff. The spikelets are set at moderate distances apart, there
being usually not less than 16 spikelets in head 3^ inches long and not less than 17
in a head 4 incnes long. Straw stiff and of good length, usually about 46 inches long
at Ottawa. Ripens rather late and gives a good yield. It makes exceptionally strong
flour of a rich cream colour (not essentially white as is often supposed).
Red Fife was introduced into Canada by Mr. David Fife (not Fyfe), who hap-
pened to obtain one kernel of it mixed with a quantity of wheat which came to him
from Dantzic by way of Glasgow. Red Fife is still grown in central Europe under
the name of Galician. The variety from Hungary, known as Hungarian Mountain,
appears also to be identical with Red Fife.
The annexed plates show some typical heads of Red Fife and of other similar
\arieties, and also some unusual heads of Red Fife. Owing to the similarity which
exists between Red Fife and some other sorts any attempt at hand selection of the
heads of Red Fife should be made only in fields of Jcnoum purity. Any heads of AVhite
Russian which might be present would be almost sure to be picked out on account of
their unusual length, and thus in the course of a few years by repeated selections of
the largest heads a serious proportion of this poorer variety would inevitably be pre-
sent. In the opinion of the writer it is unsafe as a rule to select Red Fife with a view
to saving seed from specially large heads. The selection of typical heads should be the
first aim.
White Fife. — A full description of this wheat is unnecessary as it is practically
identical with Red Fife in all respects except in regard to the colour of the skin of the
16—14
210 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARO VII., A. 1906
kernel. Repeated tests at -tlie experimental farms have shown that this wheat gives
practically the same yield as Red Fife, and ripens at the same time, notwithstanding
that many farmers believe the White Fife to be earlier and more productive. As found
in commerce, White Fife seldom contains less than 20 per cent of red kernels, probably
Red Fife and White Russian, but the kernels of true White Fife have a yellowish skin,
quite distinct from the reddish skin of Red Fife. It is generally supposed that White
Fife is inferior to Red Fife for milling purposes, but careful tests made by the writer
showed that (using pure Wliite Fife) the two varieties behaved in the same manner
when milled and gave flour which was practically identical in colour, in power to
absorb water, and in ability to produce a large, high loaf. The i)resent prejudice
against White Fife is clearly without just grounds, and arises from confusing soft
starchy samples of Red Fife (which are unpopular among our millers) with White
Fife. However, as the colour of the skin of each variety is constant, there is no diffi-
culty in distinguishing soft Red Fife from either soft or hard White Fife. White
Fife is not, as is sometimes supposed, essentially a soft wheat, but usually shows about
the same degree of hardness as Red Fife grown in the game soil and climate.
White Russian. — Kernels red, rather large and inclined to be starchy. Heads
tapering, essentially beardless (but usually with a few prominent awns at the tip), and
above medium length, being as a rule about 4 inches long at Ottawa. Chaff yellowish,
smooth. In typical heads the spikelets are set rather far apart. A head 4 inches long"
generally has 16 or fewer spikelets. Straw stiff and of good length, nsually about 47
inches long at Ottawa. Ripens rather late and gives a good yield. This variety makes
flour of a less pronounced cream colour than Red Fife, but the flour has distinctly
less strength. Wliite Russian should not be grown in those districts from which wheat
is sold for export, as its production would tend to lower Canada's present enviable
reputation for strength in wheat.
Wellman's Fife. — A prolonged and careful study of this wheat has satisfied the
writer that it is the same as White Russian, mixed, however, as a rule, with a varying
proportion of Red Fife. Its cultivation should be discouraged wherever the production
of wheat of the highest qiiality is aimed at. It was obtained by Mr. D. L. Wellman,
of Minnesota, who selected the best looking beardless heads out of a field of mixed
wheats, obtained by him under the name of Saskatchewan Fife. Under such circum-
stances it was natural that the selection should consist chiefly of White Russian, the
heads of which are above medium length. The average yield given by Wellman's Fife
is practically identical with that obtained from White Russian.
Monarch. — This wheat is also a strain of White Russian, varying somewhat in its
purity, and giving a'cout the same average returns as that variety.
McKendry's Fife, which was re-selected at the Minnesota Experiment Station
and was given the name ' Minnesota i^o. ISl,' is ant»ther strain of White Russian. It
gives a good yield, but shows as a rule little or no superiority over the original
variety as grown at the Dominion Exi^erimental Farms.
Minnesota No. 163 also appears to be identical with White Russian. In produc-
tiveness it has shown itself inferior to Minnesota No. ISl.
Powers' Fife re-selected and sent out by the Minnesota Experiment Station under
the name ' Minnesota No. 149,' is a pure strain of Red Fife of excellent quality, but
it has proved somewhat less productive than the parent variety at all of the Do-
minion Experimental Farms except Indian Head, Sask.
Cluh. — This variety was obtained from a district in Manitoba, where it is being
grown to some cxtenit. It is not being tested in the larger plots at this farm on
REPORT OF THE CEREALIST 211
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
account of its poor quality. Kernels rather dark red, of about mediura size. Heads
short, compact, thickened towards the tip, essentially l^eardless, but often having at
the tip a few awns about half an inch long. Well-developed heads are about 2| inches
long. Chafl' reddish, smooth. Straw moderately stiii' and fuf medium or below medium
length. Ripens a few days before Eed Fife. Rusts rather badly, as a rule, at Ottawa,
but produces good kernels in some parts of Manitoba. In spite of the excellent ap-
pearance of this wheat, when grown under favourable conditions, it is to be entirely
condemned for purposes of export or for the production of strong, pale flour at home.
The colour of the flour made from Club wheat is a dark unattractive yellow — not at
all to be compared with the fine cream colour of Red Fife flour. In gluten also the
Olub shows itself very deficient, having a much smaller quantity than the Red Fife
and the gluten being of inferior quality. In making dough fnom Club wheat flour
it was found that less waiter was taken up than in making dough from Red Fife, and
the volume of the loaf produced was smaller. The general appearance of bread made
from Club wheat flour is extremely poor, and there is no doubt that if this wheat were
grown to any large extent in Manitoba it would seriously injure the present high
reputation of the wheat of that province.
Unfortunately, owing to the fact that 'the market value of Manitoba wheat is
determined by colour and hardness rather than by quality for flour production, Club
wheat commands a good price, being generally quite hard and of a rich red colour.
Indeed, the writer has been informed thait it sometimes commands a higher price than
pure Red Fife.
Hungarian 'White. — This variety was obtained from a seedsman in Germany. It
is a promising sort, being fairly early in ripening and of good quality. Kernels red,
of about medium size, but somewhat elongated. Heads bearded, tapering, of about
medium size. Chafi yellowish, smooth. Straw moderately stiff and of good length.
Ripens a little before Red Fife. Makes excellent, strong flour. This wheat resembles
Red Fern in many respects, but is distinguished from that variety by the greater
length of kernel in the Hungarian.
FIFE WHEATS.
Having endeavoured to give a satisfactory definition of true Red Fife and of
some of the other so-called Fife wheats, it would seem desirable to state if possible the
distinguishing characters of the Fife group, especially since the Grain Inspection Act
of 1904 is so worded as to require certain proportions of red wheat of the Fife class in
all but one of the higher grades in the Manitoba Inspection Division. It would have
been convenient to reserve the name Fife for varieties similar to true Rod Fife or
White Fife in general appearance and quality, but the term is already in use, as we
have seen, for different strains of White Russian, a wheat which produces flour having
distinctly less strength than that made from Red Fife. It seems impossible, therefore,
at present to give any narrow limitation to the term. The effect of the Grain Inspection
Act is, naturally, to broaden the meaning of the word Fife (in the absence of any legal
definition of it) to include all varieties of spring wheat grown in the prairie provinces.
CEREALS IN SMALL PLOTS.
An alphabetical list of the principal varieties of the different cereals grown in
small plots during the past season is here given. The total number of these plots was
216. Those varieties which are given under letters and numbers are new sorts pro-
duced at this Farm, but not yet named.
16— 14i
212
EXFERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Sprincj ^Vheat
3 B 3 (Dawn X Red Fife).
6 F 2 (Red Fife X Polish).
6 T
7 D (Red Fife X Roumaaian).
7 E
8 O (Red Fife X Goose).
9 G (Common Emmer X Colorado Wheat).
9 J 3
10 F (Colorado Wheat X .Common Emmer).
Advance (2 strains).
Alpha (selected).
Aurora.
Banat.
Bearded March.
Beaudry
Bishop (6 strains).
Bobs.
Burkinshaw's Early.
Campbell's White Chaff,
Cape.
Chester (selected).
Club.
Countess (selected).
Downy Riga (5 strains).
Early Haynes' Blue Stem.
Early Sonora.
Ebert (selected).
Eurasian.
Fraser Red.
Grant (3 strains).
Gurke.
Herisson Beardless.
Hindoo.
Hungarian Mountain.
Huron (4 strains).
Japanese.
John Brown.
Ladoga (Black Sea).
(Liberty.
iMarkham (2 strains).
Miller.
Moscow.
Naples.
Nixon A.
Onegafife.
Onegagehun.
Outlook.
Percy (2 strains).
Persian Black.
Preston (10 strains).
Pringle's Champlain (3 strains).
Pringle's Defiance.
Prospect (2 strains).
IRed Bearded.
Red Fife (12 strains).
'Red Preston.
IRed Riga (3 strains).
iRed Swedish.
iRiga (2 strains).
Robin's Rust Proof.
Sicilian.
Spence Yellow.
Stanley (3 strains).
Strubes.
■^Tiite Fife (5 strains).
Yellow iCross.
Yellow Fife.
Adjini Red.
Arneutka.
Italian.
Madonna.
Mabmoudi Yellow.
Macaroni or Durum Wheat.
Polish.
Red Indian.
Sleaford.
Sorentino.
Emmer and Spelt.
9 H 2 (Common Emmer X Colorado Wheat).
9 K 2
Black Bearded Spelt.
Double Emmer.
Abyssinia.
Aitken Black.
Australian.
Banner (2 strains).
Bayonet.
Bergs (black).
Beseler.
Black Mesdag.
Bonanza.
Brown Algerian.
California Prolific (black).
Clydesdale.
Cream Egyptian.
Doncaster Prize.
Early Archangel.
Oats.
Early Blossom.
Early British.
Early Maine.
Early Ripe.
Eureka.
Flying Scotchman.
Leutenwitzer.
Liberty.
Longhouton.
Newmarket.
Norwegian Black.
Oderbruch.
Prince Royal.
Rennie's Prize Whit
Salines.
Scottish Chief.
Selchower.
Selected Columbus.
Selected Daubeney.
Selected White Giant,
Sheflaeld Standard.
Tobolsk.
Tunis (brown).
Victoria Prize.
White Russian.
White Schonen.
White Wonder.
Zhelannii.
Six-row Barley.
Blue Short Head.
Hulless White (beardless).
Petschora.
Phoenix.
Small Blue Naked.
Success (beardless).
Surprise.
Taganrog.
Vanguard.
REPORT OF TEE CEREALIST
213
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Black Two-row.
Early Chevalier.
Erfurt White.
Gambrinus.
Alma.
Arthur (2 strains).
Bright.
Bruce.
Centennial.
Creeper.
Elder.
Ottawa Select (spring).
Two-row Barley.
Hofbrau.
Improved Thanet.
Jewel.
Kinver Chevalier.
Peas.
Elephant Blue.
Fergus.
Forrest.
French Canner.
Green Marrowfat.
Harrison's Glory.
Maple.
Bye.
Large Naked.
Prize Prolific.
Triple Naked (beardless).
Multiplier.
New Potter.
Norwegian Grey.
Oddfellow.
Perth.
Trilby.
Dominion (winter).
UNIFORAT TEST PLOTS OF CEEEALS, FIELD ROOTS AXD FODDER
CORN.
The standard and new varieties of cereals which, are ^obtainable commercially are
annually grown in plots of one-fortieth of an acre, along with the cross-bred sorts pro-
duced at the Farms and a number of other varieties obtained from various sources.
The field roots and fodder corn are grown in similar plots, and the yield per acre is
usually estimated from the crop obtained from one-hundredth of an acre. The object
of these tests is to determine the relative productiveness, earliness, &c., of tlie different
varieties. Those which for a series of years are found to be distinctly inferior are
rejected, and strong efforts are made to keep the list within as small bounds as possible
without omitting an3i:hing which may ultimately prove of value.
The number of these larger plots grown during the past season was as follows : —
Spring wheat, 59; macaroni wheat, 11; winter wheat, 19; emmer and spelt, 10; oats,
79 ; six-row barley, 41 ; two-row barley, 25 ; winter barley, 1 ; peas, 33 ; spring rye, 1 ;
winter rye, 4; mixed grain, 6; soja beans, 2; field beans, 4; flax, 7; millet, 6; tur-
nips, 20; mangels, 17; carrots, 11; sugar beets, 8; Indian com, 33; making a total
of 397 plots. These represent about 340 varieties.
Some of the varieties mentioned in the Report of the Experimental Farms for
1904, have been discontinued on account of lateness, small yield, or for other defects.
PREPARATION OF LAND FOR THE ENIFOKM TEST PLOTS.
The system of cultivation adopted for the land devoted to the experimental plots
is necessarily somewhat different from that which is generally considered advisable in
ordinary farming; but it is worthy of mention that abnormally large quantities of
fertilising material are not employed. The land used for the plots consists of three
separate fields, and a three-year rotation is practised. Each field receives every third
year a dressing of fresh barn-yard manure. This has been applied in the past at the
rate of only twelve tons per acre, but this amount has been found insufficient when-
ever the manure has not been of the highest strength. The quantity is therefore being
increased to 18 tons per acre. This is at the rate of 6 tons per acre for each year.
While this is a somewhat larger quantity of barn-yard manure than is used in ordinary
farming, it must be remembered that there is no opportunity in this case for the
ploughing under of sod or for allowing the land to be used sometimes for pasture, as
is the common practice. For these reasons it seems necessary to apply the manure in
somewhat greater quantities than usual, though it cannot be fairly claimed that the
land is unduly enriched by this method. The manure is spread on the gi'ound and
ploughed under in spring. The field is then used for roots, fodder com and other
214 EXPERIMENTAL FAR2IS
5-5 EDWARD VII., A. ISj.
hoed crops. In the autumn, after the harvest is over, the land is ploughed about seven
inches deep, and is left in that condition until the following spring, when it is culti-
vated twice with a two-horse cultivator and harrowed twice with a smoothing harrow.
Cercals are then sown. After the grain is harvested the land is ploughed about three
or four inches deep, to start the shed grain and any weed seeds present, and is again
ploughed a few weeks later about seven inches deep. In the following spring it ie
prepared as before and cereals are again sown. It is not, however, the practice to sow
the same cereal twice in succession on the same piece of land.
SELECTION OF SEED FOR UNIFORM TEST PLOTS.
In order to obtain the geed for the uniform test plots in the best condition, and
as nearly as possible in a state of absolute purity, selected heads are gathered by hand
from the plots just before the grain is cut. About eight pounds of heads are harvesied
in this way. During the winter these selected samples are carefully threshed and
cleaned by hand; and the grain to be sown the next season is thus brought to a very
high standard of purity. This method has been used for several years with wheat and
barley; and is being continued with these grains. In oats, however, the selection of
heads is not usually carried out unless the grain in the plot shows signs of being
mixed. It is much more difficult to .select the heads of oats; and the plots are always
injured more or less while the work is being done, on aceount of the growth of the
oats being very thick.
In all cases, when the seed for the plots is not obtained by hand selection in the
field, the crop is thoroughly screened and carefully hand-picked before any of it is
sown.
IMPORTANCE OF EARLY SOWING OF CEREALS.
Repeated tests have been made at this Farm to ascertain the best time in spring for
the sowing of cereals in order to obtain the largest possible yield. The experiments
have proved that in this climate cereals should generally be sown about as soon
as the land can be brought into proper condition. The reduction in yield due to delay
in seeding is usually considerable, even when the delay is only a week long. The loss
is especially serious with wheat and oats, and is sometimes quite disastrous in seasons
when rust is abundant. The comparatively large yields obtained in the experimental
plots on this Farm are due in part to early sowing.
The best time for sowing cereals on this Farm has l>een found to be from about
April 20th to 26th in an ordinary season.
WEATHER.
The past season was on the whole very favourable for crops. The weather during
the spring and early summer months was about normal in character, but in July and
August there were some heavy storms which caused the grain to lodge to a consider-
able extent. Such severe tests of the strength of straw are, however, of great value in
experimental work. Rust on cereals was prevalent, but did less damage than in the
previous season. Field roots aud Indian corn gave good yields owing to the abundance
of moisture throughout the season, and would no doubt have done even better had not
the general character of the season been somewhat cool.
SPRING WHEAT.
The following varieties of spring wheat were added to the uniform test plots this
Beason : —
Hungarian White. — See ' Descriptions of Varieties of Wheat.'
REPORT OF THE CEREALIST
215
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Kirsche. — This wheat was received from Mr. A. Kirsche of Pfiffeioach-Apolda.
It produces large red kernels. The head is sht-rt and beardless, slightly tapering, and
with the spikelets set very close together. The chaff is smooth and somewhat reddish.
As this wheat is late in ripening, is badly affected by rust and shows very distinct
lack of strength in its gluten it seems unnecessary to further test it in this country.
The plots of wheat were sown on April 24th, and were all one-fortieth of an acre
in extent. The seed was used at the rate of IJ bushels to the acre. The soil was a
loam of good quality.
The yield per acre is expressed in 'bushels' of 60 pounds.
*Varieties produced at the Central Experimental Farm are marked with an
asterisk.
Sprixg "Wheat — Test of Varieties.
Name of "Variety.
Australian F
Cliester *...._
Wellman's Fife
Advance*
Australian No. 12. ... . .
Early Riga *
Preston *
Pringle's Champlain
Geliun ,
Dawn *
Huron *
Red Fife
Red Fern
McKendiy's Fife (Minn. 181)
Hungarian White
Riga *....... .^
Downv Riga*
Laurel *
.Stanley *
White Russian
Australian No. 9
Monarch ,
Ebert *
Colorado
Bishop *
Clyde*
Minnesota No. 1U3
Australian No. 28
Herisson Bearded
Countess*
Percy * ,
White Fife
Nixon *
Haynes' BlueStem(Minn. 1G9)
Mars'el
36 Power's Fife (Minn. 149^. . .
37 Weldon*
38 Blue Stem
39 Saumur
40 Pearl
41 Kirsche
Date
of
Ripen-
Aug.
July
Aug.
July
Aug.
July
Aug.
July
Aug.
July
Aug.
101
96
103
101
100
94
100
99
93
101
103
105
101
103
103
94
94
105
100
112
100
106
90
103
99
105
106
101
106
100
Length
of
Straw
includ-
ing
Head.
Character
of
Straw.
Inches.
to 48
>, 51
M 52
n 54
„ 49
„ 47
M 49
Stiff
Medium .
Stiff
1001 47
106 47
100 ' 48
105 51
112
100
103
112
112
112
113
Medium.
Stiff
47 Weak . . .
Medium.
Stiff
Medium .
49 i Medium.
48, Stiff.....
47 Medium
49 „
49 Stiff
53[Weak...
43; Medium
49 Stiff .
46
50
48
48 Weak
53 Stiff .
46
50 Medium.
49
49
49
50
53
54
49
50
53
45
53
49
Stiff,
Medium.
Weak . . .
Stiff.....
Medium .
Weak . . '
Stiff
Length
of
Head.
Inches.
Bh to 4
3
2|
3^
3|
2i
3i
3
3i
3i
3S
3
2|
3i
^
3h
3|
3i
3
3
3i
H
3
3
3i
3h
3|
3
H
Si
H
3
^
2^
3
2
Yield
per
Acre.
33 20
33
39 40
37 40
36 20
36
35 20
35
34 20
34 20
34 20
34 20
31133 30
3i!33 20
4"
4
4J33
3|l33
3ii32 50
3|32 40
4 |32 20
4 32 20
3|i32 2t
3J131 40
3i'31 20
3||,'^1 . .
3|30 40
3330 40
3i;30 20
3S29 40
2" 129 20
33 29 . .
4 28 40
3f!27 20
3^127 . .
4 127
4J'26 40
3iJ'26 40
3i26 20
4" 25 20
3 25 20
3i23 40
2|20 20
— £"3 3
v., s 2 ts
Rusted.
Lbs.
60
60
60
60i
01
60
59
591
59
59
62i
61
6O3
60
60
5S|
59
56i
59i
59i
59|
58
56|
59
60
60
61
59
59|
60
60fr
57i
55
601
59
56
56
58
57
Badly.
Considerably.
Slightly.
Considerably.
Slightly.
Badly.
Slightly.
Considerably.
Slightly.
Considerabij\
Badly.
Considerably.
Slicjhtly. "
Badly.
Considerably.
Badly."
Slightly.
Considerably.
Slightly.
Considerabh
Badly."
Slightly.
Badly.
216 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 190:
Most Productive Varieties of Spring Wheat. — Excluding the macaroni wheats,
which are considered separately, the most productive varieties of spring wheat at this
Farm for the last five years have been Preston, Herisson Bearded, Advance and
Pringle's Champlain. Huron and Red Fern have given almost as large yields. All of
these are bearded wheats, Pringle's Champlain and Red Fern being probably the Lest
for milling purposes.
Among the most productive beardless varieties may be mentioned Red Fife, "While
Fife, White Russian and Laurel. Of /these Red Fife and White Fife are the best for
making strong flour.
Earliest Varieties of Spring Wheat. — The earliest variety of spring wheat grown
on this Farm during the past season was Aurora. Only a very small amount of seed
of this wheat is on hand, and it is not yet available for distribution. The earliest
varieties grown in the regular plots were Early Riga, Ebert, Riga, Downy Riga and
Gehun. These ripen as a rule about two weeks before Red Fife or White Fife at this
Farm. The variety called Bishop, which was described in the report for last year,
ripens about 4 or 5 days later than the earliest group, and the well-known sorts,
Preston and Stanley, ripen about 2 or 3 days later than Bishop.
Tiie very early sorts mentioned are being selected and propagated, but thus far
an extremely limited distribution of one or two of them is all that is possible. Such
samples are only sent when there is good reason to believe that they will be of real
value to 'the farmers applying for them. It should be kept in mind that extreme
earliness is usually associated with a rather low yield and short straw. It is there-
fore often unwise to grow such wheats in districts where the ripening season is lon^
enough to mature the more vigorous sonts such as Preston, Stanley, Pringle's Cham-
plain or the still later varieties Red Fife and White Fife.
The earliest kinds of wheat which are as yet included in the regular distribution
enough to mature the more vigorous sorts such as Preston, Stanley, Pringle's Cham-
plain. Stanley and Percy are beardless sorts.
MACARONI OR DURUM WHEAT.
The term ' macaroni ' wheat is generally employed to designate those extremely
hard varieties with large kernels of which ' Goose ' or ' Wild Goose ' is the best-known
example in Canada. The different sorts of macaroni wheat are by no means identical
in quality, though they are usually considered to be so. They are looked upon with
disfavour by millers; and farmers who grow any wheat of this class should exercise-
great care to prevent it from becoming mixed with wheat which is to be sold for flour-
making.
As a rule, these wheats suffer less from drought and from rust than other sorts.
They may, therefore, in some cases, be grown to advantage, especially in any rather dry
district where rust is apt to be severe. They are not, however, to be generally recom-
mended for damp climates. It should also be borne in mind that the market price of
macaroni wheat is usually lower than that paid for varieties of wheat which are popular
for milling purposes.
The plots of macaroni wheat were one-fortieth of an acre in extent. The seed
was sown on April 20th at the rate of IJ bushels to the acre. The soil was a sandy loam.
The yield per acre is expressed in * bushels ' of 60 pounds.
REPORT OF THE CEREALIST
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Macaroni Wheat — Test of Varieties.
217
Name of Variety.
Date
of
Ripen-
ing.
Length
of
Straw,
includ-
ing
Head.
Character
of
Straw.
Length
of
Head.
Yield
per
acre.
beg 2 S
5 Bxi'S
Rusted.
Roumanian
Beloturka ,
Yellow Gharnovka
Gharnovka ........
Black Don
Velvet Don
Kahla
Kubanka
Goose
Mahmoudi
Medeah
Aug.
Inches.
105 48 — 50StiflF.
105 46 — 48 Medium.
10549 — 51lStiff
10549 — 51! „ ....
109:48 — 50 i Medium.
107 48 — 50 Stiff
106 45 — 47 1
110 50 — 52
109!4G — 48 -
109 42 — 44 Medium.
106 '44 — 46 Stiff
Inches. ;'g ^
pq t_5
2i — 3 40 20
2| — 25 39 . .
2| — 3i 37 . .
2| — 3i 32 20
2| — 2S 28
2i
2| — 2$
2 — 2i
2i — 2i
2| — 21
2^-3
40
2I28 20
26 20
25 40
20 40
20 20
19 .
Lbs.
621
64$
62^
61i
59I
59|
57
62
63
58
59
Slightly.
Considerably.
Slightly.
Considerably.
Slightly.
Considerably.
Roumanian, which stands at the head of the list this year, has also given the
highest average yield during the past five years.
WINTER WHEAT.
The plots of winter wheat were sown on September 8th, 1904. All the plots were
one-fortieth of an acre, and the seed was used at the rate of If bushels to the acre. The
soil was a clay loam.
Owing to the cool weather which prevailed in September and October the growth
on the plots was less vigorous than usual when winter set in. The ample covering of
snow, however, prevented serious injury during the cold weather, and the plots made
good growth in the spring and early summer. An unusually heavy crop of grain was
harvested.
The well-known variety, Turkey Red, is omitted from the plots this season, owing
to the fact that the seed was not in a satisfactory condition. Two new strains of
selected Turkey Red were obtained this past summer, one from the Kansas Experiment
Station (Turkey Red No. 380), and the other through the Department of Agriculture
at Washington. These were sown in the plots this autumn.
Winter Wheat — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
American Banner
Gold Coin
Jones' Winter Fife
Abundance
Early Red Clawson . . .
Dawson's Golden Chaff
Prosperity
Kharkov
Red Chief
Buda Pesth
Early Windsor
Invincible
Egyptian Amber
Red Velvet Chaff
Silver Sheaf
Imperial Amber
Padi
Reliable
Date
of
Ripen-
ing.
'
July
316
315
315
31t)
316
315
316
318
316
315
316
316
319
315
315
319
317
320
Length
of
Straw,
includ-
Ruited.
Considerably.
Badly.
Considerably.
Slightly.
Considerably.
Slightly.
Considerably.
Slightly.
Considerably.
Slightly.
Considerably.
218
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903
EMMER AND SPELT.
The plots of emmer and spelt were one-fortieth of an acre. The grain was sown
on April 20th, at the rate of about 120 lbs. per acre. The soil was a clay loam.
Long Emmer and Single Emmer will be rejected from the plots next year on
account of their extreme lateness in ripening.
Emmer axd Spelt — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
White Spelt
Smooth Spelt
Common Emmer ....
Thick Emmer
White Emmer ".
Red Emmer
Long Emmer
Red Spelt
White Bearded Spelt.
Single Emmer
Date
of
Ripen-
ing.
A.ua
Length
of
Straw,
includ-
ing-
Head.
Inches.
113
117
103
105
110
110
125
116
116
132
Character
of
Straw.
49 — 51 Stifif
44 — 46!
16 — 38
43 — 45
45 — 47
Length
of
Head.
Inches.
4^-41
3| - 4i
li-2'
3
— 3
-2.f
-4i
— 4
-4i
— 3
u
(-1 ^
X <B tS tD
Yield
"■ M^ c
-^ § l''^
per
T. ^"X a
Acre.
SC a> g 1,
5j H.S'o
>
^
Lbs.
Lbs.
2,400
27^
2,120
28
2,060
36i
2,060
30^
1,920
30
1,880
32
],060
27
1,620
29
1,620
27i
1,380
24i
Rusted.
Considerably.
Slightly.
Considerably.
Slightly.
OATS.
The varieties added to the plots this season are: —
Dinauer and Fichtel Mountain. — These were obtained from Germany. They are
white oats with loose, ojDen heads.
Kirsche. — This was obtained from Mr. A. Kirsche, of Pfiffelbach-Apolda. It is
a whit-e oat with a loose, open head.
Green Russian. — This variety is grown in soma parts of Manitoba, but had not
been tested, previously, at this Earm. It is a mixture of at least two sorts, white and
yellow, both having loose, open heads.
The plots were sown on April 2Cth and 27th; the seed being used at the rate
of two bushels per acre for most varieties, but in somewhat greater quantities when-
ever the oats were of unusually large size. The plots were ons-fortleth of an acre.
The soil varied from a sandy loam to a clay loam.
The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 34 pounds.
"Varieties produced at the Central Experimental Earm are marked with an
asterisk.
Oats — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
1 Banner
2 White Giant
SUberfluss
4 Bavarian
5 Improved American
6 Danish Island
7 1 Golden Tartarian . . .
SiPioneer (black) . . . . ,
Date
of
Ripen-
ing.
July 31
Aug. 1
July 31
Aug. 1
1
July 31
Aug. 6
July 26
o =
Length
of
Straw,
includ-
ing
Head.
Character
of
Straw.
Length
of
Head.
96
9
95
96
07;
95
101
90
Inches.
40 — 42 Medium
41 — 43
45 — 47
42 — 44
42 — 44
44 — 46
41 — 43
41 — 43
Weak . .
Medium
Stifif . . .
_ Inches.
Ih-H
7i - Si
8 — 9
7i — 8i
8| — 8;
9 —10
l7i - 8J
^
_ O
Yield
^'^^a
per
^ ill
Acre.
icS 2 g
1* C.S'o
^
4 i
Lbs.
a ^
84 4
32|
84 4
'80 ..
3U
!77 22
32
77 22
33i
34|
75 10
|75 10
30
.74 24
S3
Rusted.
Considerably.
Badly.
Considerably.
Badly.
REPORT OF THE CEREALIST
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Oats — Test of Varieties — ^Concluded.
219
Name of Variety.
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
IS
19
20
21
22
23
24
2.5
2G
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
31
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
40
4'
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
GO
Gl
62
G3
G4
65
66
67
Probstey Aug.
Fichtel Mountain July
Lincoln
Abundance Auf
Welcome ... July
Twentieth Century
Kirscbe
Mennonite
Early Golden Prolific Aug.
Gokifinder
Holstein Prolific
Golden Beauty July
Thousand Dollar
BeU (black) Aug
American Triumph
Dixon*
American Beauty July
Improv'ed Ligowo
Black Beauty
Whiting
Waverley ,
Virginia White Abundance . . Aug.
Excelsior (black) July
Milford White'*
Gold Kain Aug.
Irish Victor July
Kendal Black* Aug .
Olive Black*
Wide Awake July
Swedish Select
Scotch Potato. . ' Aug .
(Jreen Ru.ssian i July
Golden Fleece | n
Tartar King n
Forbes* Aug .
Hazlett's Seizure Jnly
Atlantic m
Columbus ... II
Joanette (black) .. Aug.
Siberian July
Bestehorn's Abundance Aug .
Big Four II
Daubeney July
Great Northern Aug.
Kendal AVhite* I July
Sorgenfrei
Buckbee's Illinois
Milford Black*
Storm King
Gatton's Abundance Aug.
Swedish Ligowo July
Dinauer „
Colossal 1 ,1
Karly Angus Aug .
Date
of
Ripen-
ing.
P.S
Sensation .
Golden Giant. .
Tlola
Anderbecker. . .
Chinese Naked .
July
Aug.
July
Length
of
Straw,
includ-
ing
Head.
Character
of
Straw.
Inches.
96,45
97:40
— 49 1 Medium.
— 40! I, .
— 47 Stiff ....
42! II
94 44 — 46 Medium!
92 44 — 4G Stiff ....
95,40 — 42 Medium.
9ll38 — 40 Stiff . ..
97l42 — 44 Medium.
98 44 - 46 Stiff . . . .
96 43 — 45 Medium.
94 44 — 46 Stiff
91 42 — 44
96:45 — 47
97140 — 42
96|44 — 46
91 43 — 45
Weak ...
Medium.
Stiff ....
Stiff.
94'45 — 47 Medium.
95'41 — 43 „ .
94 41 — 43 „ .
94 42 — 44 I, .
97 40 — 42 Stiff ....
89J41 — 43 II ....
9439 — 41
96142 — 44
9547 — 49lMedium.
96l38 — 40l Stiff.
96
95
94
96
91
96
Length
of
Head.
Inches.
7i
Yield
per
Acre.
Rusted.
— 8fil68
— 8J!68
— 8" 68
7l - 84
40 — 42
42 — 44] ,._....
45 — 47 Medium. .
39 — 41|Stiff 18
40 — 42 ,1 17
43 — 45l Medium. 7^ — 8^
9l'42 — 44 Stiff. .
103'42 — 44 I, .
96 38 — 40 1. .
94'42 — 44 ,1 .
95144 — 46 Weak
96!34 — 36
94 40 - 42
Stiff.
6|
Medium.
Stiff
Medium.
Stiff
97
97
84
97
95
91
94
95
95
97
91
96'41 — 43
92,48 — 50 ,. . . . .
102:45 — 47 u ....
95 42 — 44 II . . . .
103 38 — 40 ,1 ....
84 41 — 43jMedium.
9542 — 44:Stiff.
40 — 42
42 — 44
37 — 39
39 — 41
41 — 43
36 — 38
42 — 44
46 — 48
47 — 49JWeak ..
40 — 42;Stiff
44 — 46
94[43 — 45iMedium.
6| - 7i GO
7i — 811.58
- 8i 49
- 7^149
- 8Si45
Lbs.
Badly.
Considerably.
Badly.
Considerably,
Badly.
Considerably.
32i (Badly.
33*
Considerably,
Badly.
Considerably.
Badly.
Considerably.
Badly.
Badly.
Considerably .
Badly.
Considerablj'.
Badly!'
Considerably,
Badly .
Considerably.
Badly.
Considerablj'.
Badly.
Considerably.
Badly.
Considerablj-.
Badly.
Considerably.
Badly.
Mosi Productive Varieties of Oats. — Among the most productive varieties of oats
grown for the past five years at this Farm the following white varieties deserve special
notice: — ^Banner, White Giant, Lincoln, and Virginia White Abundance. Among the
mixed sorts (white and yellow), Uberiluss and Holstein Prolific have given large re-
220
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903
turns. The most productive of the pure yello\y oats have been Mennonite and Colum-
bus. The most productive black oat has been Black Beauty.
Earliest Varieties of Oats. — Among the earliest varieties of oats should be men-
tioned Tartar King, Welcome and Daubeney. These are all white oats and give a fair
crop, but farmers are advised not to grow them except in cases where earliness is of
very great importance. The white oats mentioned in the preceding paragraph will
generally be found more profitable.
SIX-ROW BARLEY.
The Mandscheuri barley introduced into the plots this year is a strain obtained
from Prof. Zavitz, of the Ontario Agricultural College. Mandscheuri and Mensury are
probably difi"erent strains derived from the same original Manchurian barey. While
it is to be regretted that such remarkable nam-a-s are in use, we must accept them as
they are. The two strains of this barley were grown side by side this year, and are
being carefully compared to determine, esi)ecially, which of them gives the larger
average yield in the climate of Ottawa. The results of the present season are very
striking, but, of course, a single test cannot be considered here as conclusive.
The plots were all one-fortieth of an acre. The seed was sown on April 26, at
the rate of 1| bushels to the acre. An unusually heavy crop was obtained. The soil
was a clay loam.
The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 48 pounds.
* Varieties produced at the Central Experimental Farm are marked with an
asterisk.
Six-row Barley — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
Nugent*
Mensury
Albert*
Trooper*
Oderbruch
Odessa
Oommon
Summit*
Claude*
Brome *
Mandsciieuri
Black Japan . .
Silver King
Escourgeon
A.r{fyle*
Stella*
Royal*
.Sisjlsk
HuUess Black
jYale*
Mansfield*
Bere —
Blue Long Head
Chinese Hulless
Rennie's Improved . . .
EmjMre*
N orwegian
Eclipse...
Champion (beardless).
Date
of
Ripen-
ing.
^5
July
Length
of
Straw,
includ-
ing
Head.
Inches.
42 — 44
39 — 41
40 — 42
41 — 43
43 — 45
42 - 44
39 — 41
42 — 44
43 — 4.5
38 — 40
42 — 44
32 — 34
40 — 42
39 — 41
43 — 45
44 — 4()
;40 — 42
40 — 42
37 — 3!i
;42 — 44
;41 — 43
34 — 3()
30 — ."^S
28 — .SO
37 — 39
:39 — 41
|41 — 43
|43 — 45
45 — 47
Character
of
Straw.
Stiff.
Medium.
Weak....
Stiff
Medium . .
Weak
Medium. .
Weak... .
Medium . .
Length
of
Head.
Yield
per
Acr'i.
3.
W^eak. . . .
Medium .
Stiff
Medium.
Weak.
Stiff..
Inches.
pa
2f — 3^72
3 — 3|i71
3i - 3|:70
2| — 3| G9
2^ — 3| 68
3i — 3^,0(3
3 — 3i (;5
3i — 3| 63
3 — 3i 62
•24 — 3| Ot
3' — 3Jt'Gl
If — 2| 60
3i — 3| 58
2i — 3 i57
2| — 3 j56
3 — 3i'.55
3 — 3SI54
Medium .
U
!2|
!2a
121
Weak.
Stiff..
Weak.
Stiff..
2i- _
2 — 2i 13
l2i — 2f|43
\2h — 3 142
'2i - 3 142
i2£ — 3^142
'3 — 3^140
Lbs.
46
46
47*
47"
46i
46"
49
45*
47*
48"
46
45
47*
48*
48"
47
46*
47"
62
48*
46i
48
40
58
49
47
474
49
39
Rusted.
Slightly.
Considerably.
Slightly.
Considerably.
Slightly.
Considerablj'.
Slightly,
Considerably.
Slightly.
Coiisiderabl}'.
Sligi.tly.
Considerably.
Slightly.
REPORT OF THE CEREALIST
221
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Most Productive Varieties of Six-Row Barley. — Taking the average of tKe re-
turns for the last five years, the varieties of six-row barley found to be the most pro-
ductive at this Farm are Stella, Odessa, Nugent, Mensury and Blue Long Head.
Earliest Varieties of Six-Row Barley. — ^The differences in earliness to be observed
amiong the varieties of six-row barley are not very striking. Among the earliest sort3
are Odessa and Mensury.
Beardless Six-Row Barley. — The tests carried on at ithis farm indicate that Cham-
ipion is the best variety of beardless barley that has been grown here. It ripens early
but gives a poor yield and is not to be recommended.
Hiilless Six-Bow Barley. — The most productive variety of hulless barley which
has leen tested at this farm is Hulless Black. This is a bearded sort. It ripens early
but has weak straw and gives a small yield.
TWO-EOW BAELEY.
Archer Chevalier is a strain of the well-known Chevalier barley. It was obtained
from Ireland and was sown in the plots for the first time this year.
The plots of two-row barley were sown on April 25th, the seed being used at the
rate of two bushels to the acre. The plots were one-fortieth of an acre. The soil varied
from a light loam to a clay loam.
The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 4S pounds.
^Varieties produced at the Central Experimental Farm are marked with an
asterisk.
Two-row Barley — Test of Varieties.
01 ^ <D
-2, a; «
^,
Name of Variety.
Swan's Neck
Danish Chevalier..
French Chevalier. . .
Hannchen
Fichtel Mountain . .
Standwell
Bestehorn's Kaiser .
^Clitford* .
S Archer Chevalier.. .
10 Swedish Chevalier.
11 Harvey*
12:Logan*
13 Primus
14 1 Beaver*
15 Jarvis* . .
10' Princess
1 7 'Invincible
IS Maltster
19 Canadian Thorpe.
20 Sidney*
21 Princess Svalof.. . .
22 Gordon*
23 Dunham*
24'Ne.vton
26 Brewer's Favourite.
Date
of
Ripen-
ing.
July 22
,. 25
„ 25
„ 24
M 25
M 27
„ 31
„ 26
Aug. 1
•July 26
M 26
„ 20
„ 31
„ 25
„ 25
Aue. 1
July 31
„ 31j
„ 31!
M 27]
„ 31
Length
of
Straw,
includ-
ing head
Inches.
Character
of
Straw.
to 40 Medium .
„ 47StifiE
,-46
„ 35
„ 41
„ 39 „ . . . .
II 43 Medium.
„ 49'Stiff.. ..
,> 36iWeak . . .
Ti 38 II
II 48 Medium.
„ 491 -I
■I 40iStiff
II 52 „
II 52 .1
I. 37JWeak!!!
.1 42Medium.
,1 42iWeak...
I, 43Stitf
,1 46j ,1
11 38: Weak...
I, 47:Stiff
II 461 .1 . . . . .
M 41iMediimi.
,1 38'Stiff
Length
of
Head.
Inches.
2Ato3
3h
3i
3i
3i
2|
n
3i
3
3
^i
3|
2h
4"
4
3.i
3
3
2|
3
3
n
3
3
Yield
per
Acre.
pa
65 ..I
4 |02 44'
33 00 ..
3|:58 16'
4 |50 12
3^j54 8
3il53 30
3||53 16
3||52 4
3 J; 50 40
4 |50 ..
3ii50 . .
3 147 44
4^147 24!
4i!46 12j
3i45 20'
3V45 ..
34 43 16
3i42 24
34142 24
na 24
3"|41 12
3|40 40
?.i\Xi 16
Smi 32i
Lbs.
40|
49
51
50i
m
49i
48
idh
48"
47
50
51
51
49i
50|
46J
484
Rusted.
Slightly.
Considerably.
Slightly.
Considerably.
Slightly.
Considerably.
Badly.
i Slightly.
Considerably.
iSUghtly.
Considerably.
Slightly.
44^ jConsiderabl3%
48* 'Slightly.
5*3 I ,1 _
45 Considerably.
49
49| !
49? I II
48^ 'slightly.
Most Productive Varieties of Two-row Barley. — Taking the average of the returns
for the past five years, the varieties of two-row barley found to be the most productive
at this Farm are: French Chevalier, Danish Chevalier and Canadian Thorpe. Other
very productive sorts are Standwell, Beaver and Princess Svalof. The latter is, how-
ever, late in ripening.
222
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Earliest Varieties of Two-row Barley. — The earliest variety among the more pro-
ductive sorts tested for the past five years is Beaver. It ripens about two or three
days before French Chevalier.
Beardless and Hulless Two-row Barley. — The varieties of beardless and huiless
two-row barley which have been tested at this Farm are so deficient in strength o:'
straw that it has not been thought necessary to grow them in the larger plots.
WINTER SIX-ROW BARLEY.
The variety of winter six-rowi barley known as Zero which was mentioned in the
report for last year was tested again. A plot of one-fortieth of an acre was sown on
September 8th, 1904. The soil was a clay loam. It made good growth in the autumn,
stood the winter pretty well, and gave a fair yield of grain. It did not, however, pro-
duce nearly so large a crop as the best sorts of spring six-row barley, and did not ripen
remarkably early. The date of ripening was July 22nd, and the yield per acre was 43
bushels 16 lbs.
PEAS.
The plots of peas were one-fortieth of an acre each. The soil was a sandy loam.
The seed was sown on April 28th, at the rate of two or three bushels per acre, according
to the size of the pea. A large crop was obtained.
Three varieties. Crown, Mummy and Paragon have been withdrawn from the plots,
but will be re-introduced as soon as satisfactory strains of seed shall have been obtained.
The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 60 pounds.
Peas — Test of Varieties,
a
:5
• IS'ame of Variety.
Date
of
Ripening.
O
d
-1
o
d
5
Length
of
Straw.
Length
of
Pod.
Yield
per
Acre.
1 i
48 40
41 40
41 20
40 40
39 40
39 ..
38 20
38 20
38 ..
37 20
36 40
36 20
35 40
35 40
35 ..
34 ..
.34 ..
31 ..
30 ..
29 40
29 40
29 ..
27 40
27 ..
27 ..
25 20
25 ..
24 40
22 40
E."S til
1
White Wonder
Aug 8..
„ 15..
9..
H 10. .
n 10..
„ 12..
M 12..
„ 12..
,. 18..
9..
„ 15..
.. 10..
9..
„ Ifi..
,. 15..
.. 16..
„ 10..
„ 18..
„ 15 .
M 14..
,- 10..
„ 15..
7..
M 14..
., 15..
„ 15. .
„ 16..
8..
„ 6..
1
102
109
103
104
104
106
106
106
112
103
109
104
103
110
109
110
104
112
109
108
104
109
101
lOS
109
109
110
112
100
Medium
Stronsr. .
In.
26-30
65-69
64-68
66-70
68-72
53-62
66-70
66-70
66-70
64-68
64-68
66-70
60-64
64-68
60-70
64-68
62-66
68-72
68-72
70-74
68-72
66-70
50-54
70-74
70-74
06-70
68-72
68-72
47-51
In.
2 -2h
2i-3'
2'-2i
2^21
2 -2A
2J-2i
2^-3'
n-n
2|-2|
2 -2^
2 -2h
2i-2|
2i-23
2 -24
2^-21
2 -24
2i-2|
2i-2|
2|-2|
l|-2i
2121
2 -2^
2 -24
2i-2.|
2i-2j
2 -24
1^2|
2i-23
LbP.
62
2
62i
3
4
5
Q
German White
Canadian Beauty
Golden Vine
M
St
edium
rone. .
631
62
C3
v.:>h
7
8
9
10
634
Chancellor
Victoria*
PearP
03
02
11
12
13
Pearly Britain
Cooper*
604
62"
62
14
15
English Grey
63
16
Mackay*
G34
1"
63
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
624
Carleton*
Daniel O'Rourke
Wisconsin Blue
White Mar: owf at
Arthur* ■
6.3i
64
634
63'
63
634
25
26
27
Kent*
Prince Albert
Medium
624
614
63"
28
29
Field Grey
63i
62
• Varieties produced at the Central Experimental Farm are marked with an asterisk.
REPORT OF TEE CEREALIST
223
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Most Productive Varieties of Peas. — Among the most productive sorts of peas
grown for the past five years at this Farm are Golden Vine, Victoria, Mackay, White
Wonder, Prince, Canadian Beauty and Prussian Blue.
Earliest Varieties of Peas. — Chancellor is perhaps the earliest ripening variety at
this Farm. It ripens as a rule about four days before Golden Vine, and gives a good
yield.
SPRING RYE.
One plot of spring rye (one-fortieth acre) was sown on April 26th, the seed being
used at the rate of li bushels to the acre. The soil was a clay loam. The grain was
ripe August 1st (97 days). The straw was stiff, its length (including the head) being
56 to 58 inches. The heads were from 3 to 3J inches long. The yield, expressed in
'bushels ' of 56 lbs., was 40 bushels per acre; and the weight of the grain (after clean-
ing) was 58i lbs. to the measured bushel.
WINTER RYE.
Four varieties of winter rye were sown on September 8th, 1904. The plots were
one-fortieth of an acre, and the seed was used at the rate of IJ bushels per acre. The
soil was a clay loam. All the plots made good growth in the autumn, but in the spring
the plots of Emerald and Giant were found to be rather badly winter-killed. These
two varieties have been discontinued on account of their lack of hardiness.
The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 56 pounds.
WixTER Rye — Test of Varieties.
GRAIN SOWN IN DIFFERENT QUANTITIES PER ACRE ON SANDY
LOAM.
These experiments were all conducted on plots of one-fortieth of an acre each.
The wheat was sown April 29th and was ripe August 8th. The oats were sown April
29th and were ripe August 3rd. The barley was sown April 29th and was ripe July 22nd.
224
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Though these tests have now been carried on for five years the results appear some-
what contradictory and do not yet permit the drawing of definite conclusions. The
yields obtained this season are here given: —
Name of Variety.
Quantity
Sown
per Acre.
Number of
Days
from Sowing
to
Harvesting.
Yie'd per
Acre.
Preston Wheat
Bush.
1
li
2
2h
3
U
2"
f
H
4
2
2h
3
3i
4
101
101
101
101
101
101
96
96
96
96
96
96
84
84
84
84
84
84
Bush. Lb.?.
32 20
31 2^<
25
28 40
26 40
Banner Oats
27
45 30
72 o2
56 1(5
64 2 4
77 2
6i 2^1
S2 24
37 44
28 36
35 20
53 36
50
GRAIN SOWN IN DIFFERENT QUANTITIES PER ACRE ON CLAY LOAM.
These experiments were all conducted on plots of one-fortieth of an acre each.
The wheat was sown April 28th and was ripe August 7th. The oats were sown April
28th and were ripe August 2nd. The barley was sown April 28th and was ripe July
22nd.
The results obtained this season are here given : —
Naiiie of Variety.
Quantity
Sown
per Acre.
Number of
Days
from Sowing
to
Harvesting.
Yield per
Acre.
Preston Wheat
Bush.
1
It
2
3
I'
3
?
I'
f
4
101
101
101
101
101
101
96
96
96
96
96
96
85
85
85
85
85
85
Bush. Lbs.
25
32
29 20
30 20
32
30 40
Banner Oats
80 20
82 12
70 20
09 14
75 10
83 18
Mensury Barley
62 24
56 32
46 32
37 4
49 8
53 36
Plioto. by 0. E. Saunders.
6 AND 7 ARE CNCSUAL He.SDS OF ReD FiFE, (ACTUAL SiZE.)
8 IS A TYPICAL Head of White Russia.v, (Actual Size.)
9 IS A small Head of White Russian (Easily mistaken for Red Fife).
REPORT OF THE CEREALIST
225
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Taking the average results for the &ve years during which these experiments have
been carried on ^xe find that the best quantity of Preston wheat to sow on clay loam is
1^ bushels to the acre, either a smaller 'or a larger amount of seed giving a reduced
yield.
li bushels per acre gave an average yield of 27 bushels 44 lbs. per acre.
li bushels i)er acre gave an average yield of 28 bushels 48 lbs. per acre.
2 bushels per acre gave an average yield of 27 bushels per acre.
The other quantities of seed used also gave smaller returns than were obtained
from 1^ bushels.
The results with Banner oats do not form a regular series and it is evident that
further tests must be made.
While the average returns for Mensury barley are not free from irregularities
they permit definite conclusions to be drawn. About two bushels per acre is the best
quantity to sow on clay loam.
li bushels i)er acre gave an average yield of 53 bushels 19 lbs. per acre.
2 bushels per acre gave an average yield of 54 bushels 39 lbs. ^yev acre.
The larger quantities of seed so^^^l gave somewhat smaller returns than those ob-
tained from 2 bushels per acre. In addition to the reduced yield the extra cost of the
larger amounts of seed must also be considered.
PLOTS OF MIXED GEAIN.
In choosing the varieties for these plots the greatest care is exercised to sow to-
gether only such sorts as are known to mature in almost the same number of days, so
that they may both be ready for cutting at the same time. Only one column is given
for the number of days maturing, as in every case the mixtures ripened with great
uniformity.
The plots were one-fortieth of an acre and the seed was sown on April 2Gth. Wheat
was used at the rate of 60 lbs. per acre, oats 40 lbs. per acre, barley 50 lbs. -pev acre, and
emmer 70 lbs. per acre. The soil was a clay loam.
Varieties.
Wheat and Oats —
Pringle's Champlain wheat and Amer-
ican Triumph oats
Preston wheat and White Giant oats. .
Wheat and Two-row Barley —
Gehun wheat and French Chevalier
barley
Oats and Two-row Barley —
American Beauty oats and Princess
Svalof barley
Welcome oats and French Chevalier
barley
Oats and Emmer —
Banner oats and\ommon emmer
Date
of
Ripening
Aug.
July 29.
30.
30.
Aug. 2..
97
97
94
95
95
98
Lbs,
2,580
2,500
2,060
2,740
2,500
2,5G(>
Proportions in Crop Harvested.
37 per cent wheat = 955 lbs. i^er acre
G3 „ oats = 1,625 „
wheat = 975
oats = 1,525
wheat = 824
barley = 1,236
oats = 1,452
barley = 1,2«8
oats = 1,075
barley = 1,485
oats = 1,^0
emmer = G14
16—15
226
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDV/ARD VII., A. 1905
SOJA BEA^S.
Two plots of the common soja bean were sown on May 25th and were cut on October
Gth. The size of the plots was one-fortieth of an acre. The soil was a sandy loam. As
the beans did not ripen the weight "of green crop only was determined.
Plot 1. — Sown in rows 21 inches apart; growth strong and even, leafy; averaga
height 43 to 45 inches; total yield of green crop 9 tons 1,600 lbs. per acre.
Plot 2. — Sown in rows 28 inches apart; growth strong and even, leafy; average
height 45 to 4Y inches; stalks considerably stiff er than in plot 1; total yield of gree;i
crop 10 tons 800 lbs. per acre.
The returns this year agree with those of previous years, showing a decided ad-
vantage in sowing the beans in rows 28 inches apart rather than 21. Taking the
average of the results for the past five years the plots in which the rows of beans were
28 inches apart gave a yield of 11 tons 1,000 lbs. per acre, while those in which the rows
were 21 inches apart gave 10 tons 744 lbs.
FIELD BEANS.
Four plots of field beans, one-fortieth of an acre efich, were sown on May 26th.
The soil was a loam of good quality.
The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 60 lbs.
Field Beans — Test of Varieties.
"Weight
a;
g
Name of Variety.
Date
of
Ripening,
No. of
Days
Maturing.
Length
of
Straw.
Length
Pod.
Yield
per
Acre.
per
Measured
Bushel
after
Cleaning.
Inches.
Inches.
Bus. Lbs.
Lbs.
1
California Pea Bean
Sept. 12..
M 21..
„ 23..
Aug. 29..
109
118
120
95
18-22
20-24
24-28
9-13
3i-4
4 -4i
3f-4|
4|-4|
42 20
32 20
27 20
27 ..
64f
2
s
White Field
64
03
4
Norwegian Brown
601
- FLAX
The plots of flax were one-fortieth of an acre. The seed was sown on May 25th,
at the rate of 60 lbs. to the acre. The soil was a loam of good quality. The yield per
acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 56 lbs.
Flax — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
I'Riga
2 Russian. ,
SjNovarossick
4 White Flowering.
5 Yellow Seed
6;Comraon
7 La Platan.
Date
of
Ripening.
Aug. 18.
17.
29.
18.
22.
18.
31.
No. of
Days
Maturing.
85
84
96
85
89
85
Length
of
Plants.
Inches.
31-33
35-37
32-34
31-33
34-36
34-36
31-33
Weight of
Seed per
Measured
Bushel.
Lbs.
54
53
52
54i
52
53i
52"
Yield
per
Acre.
Bush. Lbs.
10
9
9
8
7
4
4
40
30
10
io
20
REPORT OF THE CEREALIST
227
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
MILLET.
The plots of millet were one-fortieth of an acre. The soil was a good rich loam.
The seed was sown with a hand seed drill on May 12th. The plots were cut when the
seed was in the doughy starte.
Millet — Test of Varieties.
1
a
Name of Variety.
Date
of
Cutting.
Length
Straw.
Character
of
Growth.
Weight
per Acre,
Green.
Weight
per Acre,
Dry.
1
Italian or Indian
Aug. 19..
„ 19..
M 19..
„ 19..
.. 19..
M 19..
Inches.
59-63
50-54
70-74
43-47
60-64
48-52
Strong
Tons. Lbs.
14 1,840
14 160
13 480
11
10 1,280
8 1,200
Ton.s. Lbs.
6 1,360
8 1,040
7 1,120
6 240
?
3
4
African
Green Californian
rt
White Round French
5 1,200
6
Moha Hungarian
4 1,680
FIELD ROOTS.
The advantage of late pulling for field roots having been clearly proved by the
experience of several years, comparative tests, by pulling on two different dates about
two weeks apart, were discontinued this season. All the roots were harvested at the one
time, but the harvesting was left until quite late so as to enable the roots to make as
large a growth as possible.
The yield per acre of the field roots is calculated from the weight of the crop
gathered from one-hundredth of an acre.
The soil on which the field roots were grown was a good rich loam.
It is probable that in some instances varieties which are mentioned in these tables
under different names are identical in all essential respects.
In Canada the ton contains 2,000 pounds.
TUENIPS.
Two sowings were made of each variety, the first on May 10th and the second on
May 2ord. The seed was used at the rate of about four pounds per acre. Before sow-
ing, the land was made up in drills two feet apart and rolled with a heavy land roller,
which flattened the drills nearly one-half, leaving a firm seed bed. When the young
plants were about three inches high they were thinned out, leaving them about seven
inches apart in the rows.
The roots were pulled on October 25th.
16— 15J
228
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
TuRNirs — Test of Varieties.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Name of Variety.
Perfection Swede
New Century
.Jumbo .
Kangaroo
Mammoth Clyde
Emperor Swede
Hartley's Bronze
Sutton's Champion
Magnum Bonum
Selected Purple Top
Carter's Elephant
Good Luck
Elephant's Master
Halewood's Bronze Top.
Skirvings
East Lothian
Hall's Westbury
Bangholm Selected
Drumniond Purple Top.
Imperial Swede
Yield
per Acre from
1st Sowing.
Tons. Lbs.
30
34
34
34
33
32
32
31
31
30
30
29
29
29
28
27
27
26
21
23
5(10
l.ilOO
1,100
800
1,700
1,400
1,300
1,400
500
1,900
1,600
1,700
1,000
COO
1,700
1,300
1,100
1,100
400
200
Yield
per Acre from
2nd Sowing.
Tons. Lbs.
19
19
18
20
16
15
17
17
23
14
15
16
11
14
11
13
14
10
13
16
400
1,200
100
200
l,.50O
1,300
1,600
300
1,500
1,200
700
100
300
COO
100
900
600
1,700
750
The average yield from the 1st sowing was 30 tons 1,060 lbs. per acre.
The average yield from the 2nd sowing was 15 tons 1,852 lbs. per acre.
MANGELS.
Two sowings were made of each variety, the first on May 10th, and the second on
May 23rd. The seed was used at the rate of about six pounds per acre. Before sowing,
the land was made up in drills two feet apart and rolled with a heavy land roller to
make a firm seed bed. "When the young plants were about three inches high they -nere
thinned out, leaving them about seven inches apart in the rows. The roots were pulled
October 25th.
Mangels — Test of Varieties.
;^
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Name of Variety.
Half Long Sugar White
Prize Mammoth Long Red . . . . .
Mammoth Yellow Intermediate
Prize Winner Yellow Globe
Leviathan Long Red .....
Giant Yellow Intermediate
Giant Sugar Mangel .
Lion Yellow Intermediate
Ideal
Giant Yellow Globe
Selected Yellow Globe
Mammoth Long Red
Half Long Sugar Rosy
Yellow Interniediate
Gate Post ^ . • •
Triumph Yellow Globe
Selected Mammoth Long Red. . .
Yield
per acre from
1st sowing.
Tons. Lbs.
52
46
15
45
40
40
40
39
37
37
37
37
36
35
35
29
28
600
700
050
200
1,400
1,250
900
600
900
800
800
700
1^300
'506
1,200
Yield
per acre from
2nd sowing.
25
27
30
25
24
26
23
29
27
21
23
22
27
31
28
16
Lbs.
800
1,500
i,ioo
300
1,600
300
800
600
700
1.400
800
1,950
400
1^500
1,800
The average yield from the 1st sowing was 39 tons 165 lbs. per acre.
The average yield from the 2nd sowing was 26 tons 29 lbs. per acre.
REPORT OF THE CEREALIST
229
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
CAEKOTS.
Two sowings were made of each variety, the first on IMay 10th, and the second on
May 23rd. The seed was used at the rate of about six pounds per acre. Before sowing,
the land was made up in drills two feet apart and rolled with a heavy land roller to
make a firm seed bed. When the young plants were about three inches high they were
thinned out, leaving them about five inches apart in the rows. The roots were pidled
October 2oth.
Carrots — Test of Varieties.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Name of Variety.
Mammoth White Intermediate
Improved Short White
New White Intermediate
Giant White Vosj^es ...
Ontario Champion . .
Carter's Orange Giant
Eaily Gem . .
White Belgian
Long Yellow Stump Rooted . . .
Kos Kirsches
Half Long Chantenay
Yield
per acre from
1st sowing.
Tons.
Lbs.
32
500
30
1,700
30
1,600
30
COO
28
1,000
24
600
23
1,200
21
1,100
21
600
19
1,600
14
200
Yield
per acre from
2nd sowing.
Tons. Lba.
19
19
21
17
21
20
23
18
18
13
11
300
1,300
1,400
1,000
500
600
300
300
500
600
1,300
The average yield from the 1st sowing was 25 tons 427 lbs. per acre.
The average yield from the 2nd sowing was 18 tons 1,100 lbs. per acre.
SUGAR BEETS.
Two sowings were made of each variety, the first on May 10th, and the second on
May 23rd. The seed was used at the rate of about six pounds per acre. Before sowing,
the land was made up in drills two feet apart and rolled with a heavy land roller to make
a firm seed bed. When the young plants were about three inches high they were
thinned out, leaving them about five inches apart in the rows. The roots were pulled
on October 25th.
Though all the varieties mentioned here are commonly classed as sugar beets, it
should be noted that the only ones recommended for use in the manufacture of sugar
are Wanzleben, French Very Rich, and Vilmorin's Improved.
230
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
Sugar Beets — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
Danish Red Top ....
Danish Improved . . .
Red Top Sugar
Improved Imperial . . .
Kxjyal Giant
French Very Rich . . .
Vilmorin's Improved.
Wanzleben
Yield
per acre from
1st sowing.
Tons. Lbs.
40
38
36
32
29
29
26
25
1,300
1,900
900
1,G00
600
'966
6C0
Yield
per acre from
2nd sowing.
Tons.
2.5
25
17
20
24
17
15
14
Lbs.
200
l,.50O
1,300
600
1..500
300
1,5';0
400
The average yield from the 1st sowing was 32 tons 725 lbs. per acre.
The average yield from the 2nd sowing was 20 tons 1G2 lbs. per acre.
INDIAl^ COEN.
The com was sown with the seed drill in rows thirty-five inches apart, and was
also sown in hills thirty-five inches apart each way. When the plants were about six
inches high they were thinned out, leaving them from six to eight inches apart in the
rows, and leaving four or five plants in each hill. The seed was sown May 22nd, and the
corn was cut green for ensilage September 11th. The yield has been calculated from the
weight of crop cut from two rows, each G6 feet long. The soil was a rather heavy loam.
For the making of ensilage the corn should be cut when the kernels are in the
late milk or doughy stage; but the summer at Ottawa is not always warm enough to
bring the later varieties to this state of maturity before it is necessary to cut the crop
to avoid frost.
In Canada the ton contains 2,000 pounds.
Indian Corn — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
Character
of
Growth.
1 Eureka ■
2 Pride of the North
3 Thoroughbred White Flint
4 Red Cob Ensilage
5 Cloud's E.-.rly Yellow ....
6 Superior Fodder
7iWood's Northern Dent. . .
y Longfellow
9 Selected Learning
10 King Philip
11 Early ]\Iastodon. ......
12 Giant Prolific Ensilage. . .
ISSalzer's All Gold
14 Evergreen Su^ar
1 51 Early Butler
16|Compton's Early
17iChampion V/hite Pearl, . .
18 Angel of Midnight
19 White Cap Yellow Dent. .
20| Mammoth Cuban
21 North Dakota White
Very strong.
Strong
Very strong.
Strong
Height.
Inches.
Leafiness.
Medium.
Strong. . .
Medium
Very strong.
Strong !
Very strong.
Medium. . . . l
Strong
iledium .
115 to
100 „
100 M
125 ,-
105 u
115 ■■
110 „
80 n
115 -.
100 „
105 M
110 M
105 ,t
95 ..
110 „
SO „
110 M
95 „
100 „
105 „
94 „
120JLeafy ...
105 1 Very leafy
105|
1.30 Medium. .
110
Very leafy
120
115
S5
120
105
110
115
110
100
115
851 ,1
115 Medium..
100, Very leafy
105[ .. .
llOlLeafy . . . .
100 Very leafy
Leafy ....
Very leafy
Leafy
Condition
when Cut.
Weight per
Acre
grown in
Rows.
Weight per
Acre
grown in
HiUs.
Tons. Lbs. Tons. Lbs.
Early milk.
Late milk. .
No cobs
Early milk.
Late milk. .
P^arlv milk.
No cobs.
Late milk. .
Early milk.
Eate milk. .
Early milk.
Early milk.
37
33
33
32
32
32
31
31
31
30
30
29
29
29
28
28
27
27
27
26
26
,130
650
880
450
340
900
3(10
9-20
700
940
60
.620
620
520
750
310
880
4.50
450
900
900
380
700
180
560
340
1,100
1,950
730
1,900
1,330
1,020
1,900
1,800
300
1,620
710
400
360
780
1,.550
30
The average yield from the rows was 30 tons 987 lbs. per acre.
The average yield from the hills was 28 tons 1,221 lbs. per acre.
REPORT OF THE CEREALIST
231
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
INDIAN CORN SOWN AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES.
Three varieties were chosen for this test : Champion White Pearl, Selected Learn-
ing, and Longfellow^ The seed was sown Maj 22nd, and the corn was cut for ensilage
September 11th. Sixteen rows of each variety were sown, that is, four rows at each of
the distances mentioned, and the yield per acre has been calculated from the weight of
crop obtained from the two inner rows in each cas^e. The length of the portions of
the rows cut for weighing was 66 feet.
Name of Variety.
Selected Learning
Champion White Pearl
II II
II II
Longfellow. . . .'
Distance
between
the Rows.
In.
21
28
35
42
21
28
35
42
21
28
35
42
Character
of
Growth.
Very strong,
Medium . . ,
Height
when
Cut.
In.
95—100
100—105
100—105
100—105
110—115
115—120
115—120
115—120
90— 95
95—100
95—100
95- 100
Condition
when
Cut
Early milk. ,
Late milk
Yield per
Acre.
Tons. Lbs.
30
32
27
30
29
30
32
29
26
24
27
27
1,992
1,706
1,660
912
590
66
900
280
1,676
504
340
1,736
FLELD PLOTS OF POTATOES.
As the experimental plots of field roots and fodder com do not occupy the whole
of the field in which they are placed, the remaining space is usually filled with pota-
toes, such varieties being grown as are likely to be of service in the annual distribu-
tion of samples from this Farm.
The area devoted to the different varieties varies considerably. This season the
plots were from about one-quarter to three-quarters of an acre in size.
The potatoes were planted May 15th, and were dug September 29th.
In spite of rei)eat«d sprayings with Bordeaux mixture, those varieties which were
grown in rather heavy soil were considerably affected by rot. The varieties grown in
rather light soil were not much affected.
The yield per acre is expressed in ' bushels ' of 60 lbs., and includes only the sound
potatoes.
Varieties Grown in rather Light Soil.
Dr. Mffirker
Early White Prize.
Money Maker
Everett
Reeve's Rose.
Rochester Rose
Bumaby Mammoth
Canadian Beauty . .
Late Puritan
Yield per
Acre.
Bushels.
274
241
225
217
207
206
182
157
140
232
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
"Varieties Grown in rather Heavy Soil.
Yield per
Acre.
1
2
Swiss Snow Flake. .
UnclB Sam
Bushels.
202
IGG
102
4
Bovee - -
149
6
Carman No. 1
Vick's Extra Early .
145
143
7
M
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906
REPOKT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER.
(A. G. Gilbert.)
Ottawa, December 1, 1905.
To Dr. Wm. Sauxders, C.M.G.,
Director Dominion Experimental Farms,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have great pleasure in submitting to you tlie eighteenth annual report of
the Poultry Division of the Central Experimental Farm.
Whether discussing some of the more recent phases of poultry development or
giving detailed account of the experimental work carried on during the past year,
there was always the intention of conveying to the farmers of the country and others
interested such information as would be found of practical benefit to them.
With ithis object in view the first portion of the report is devoted to the considera-
tion of certain changes which have lately taken place in the home market, the re-
quirements of which, while they have become more exacting, have also become more
valuable.
A number of extracts are quoted from letters written by farmers who not only
show in these quotations large margins of profit made by them in catering, with poul-
try products of the best quality, to the more exacting demands referred to; but also
describe their methods of management and the rations used by them in bringing about
these profitable results.
The second part of the report gives detailed account of the experimental work of
the year which, for the most part, was carried on under the immediate supervision of
my assistant, Mr. Victor Fcrtier. To his careful and systematic recording of the
data relating to the different experiments in combination with a thorough knowledge
of thj de ails of poultry breeding, much of the interesting experience gained is to be
attributed.
I have pleasure in acknowledging the attention and correctness shown by Mr.
Summers in securing results of the trap test, and other experiments entrusted to his
care. Mr. George Deavey has been active and regular in the performance of the work
allotted to him.
During the latter part of the season a small poultry house of new pattern with
scratching shed attachment was erected and will be used in promoting the work of
building up hardy and prolific winter egg laying strains of fowls.
Addresses were given by the writer during the year at different points through-
out the country.
Mr. Fortier addressed meetings, or attended poultry shows at St. Thcrese, Cowans-
ville, St. Hyacinthe, Three Rivers, Quebec City, Riviere du Loup and St. Justin, in
the province of Quebec, and Ottawa, later in the year.
An exceedingly useful and instructive exhibition was made by our Division at
the Central Canada Exhibition held during the second and third weeks of the month
of September last. The display showed the methods adopted and appliances used in
the prosecution of the work of our department as well as a number of birds of very
fine type and quality, which received much appreciative comment.
233
234 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
The letters received during the year numbered 2,993, and those sent away, 3,043.
JJesides a large number of reports were despatched in response to requests for them.
For further particulars relating to the work of the past year, I beg to refer you
to the following report.
I have the honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
A. G. GILBERT.
EEPORT OF THE POULTRY DIVISION.
There are certain features in connection with the work carried on by this Division
during the past year that warrant more than passing notice. A brief discussion of
these features, which not only mark distinct advance in the poultry branch of farm
work but directly affect the production and consumption of poultry and eggs, will
doubtless be of interest to producers, purveyors and consumers.. Among the sub-
jects considered are:
1. Continued high prices for midsummer eggs, but which must be strictly new laid.
2. Decreased exports notwithstanding increased production.
3. Has the cost of production kept pace with increased prices?
5. Is the home production of the better quality of poultry and eggs equal to our
local demands ?
6. Some difficulties in the way of placing strictly new laid eggs and the desirable
type of chickens on the market.
7. Letters from farmers showing large margins of profit made by the sale of re-
liable eggs and the superior quality of poultry.
A marked feature of the year was the greatly increased demand from all parts of
the country, but chiefly from farmers, for information as to the most suitable breeds
of poultry and their proper management, and for the fowls themselves for laying,
market or breeding purposes, far beyond the capacity of our department to supply.
While these are all gratifying instances of growing interest in this branch of farm
work, that there is great room for further development is proved by the fact that the
supply of the better quality of poultry and eggs is yet far short of the demands of tlv?
home and British markets. Another sign of the rapidly growing value of our home
market is the continued high value of eggs laid in the midsummer months. To find a
reason for these high prices is the subject of much speculation among those who cannot
see why summer eggs should be worth more now than heretofore.
CAUSES OF THE HIGH PRICE OF SUMMER EGGS.
One likely reason for the continued high price of midsummer eggs was said in
report of last year, 1904, to be the more general practice on the part of farmers and
poultry fanciers of having their fowls moult in summer. As the moulting period is
one of comparative non-production and usually occupies from 8 to 10 weeks, its effect
on the heretofore large midsummer egg supply, will readily be appreciated. More
recent investigation shows another likely cause for the midsummer skortage of eggs to
be the practice on the part of dealers or their agents of purchasing during the summer
months from farmers or village storekeepers large numbers of eggs for the purpose of
preservation in cold storage or by other means.
These eggs are purchased at the lowest price and held over for sale in the city
markets when values are at their highest.
REPORT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER 235
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
WHY SHOULD EXPORTS OF POULTRY AXD EGGS DECREASE IN THE FACE OF INCREASED
PRODUCTION ?
As compared with the exports of poultry and eggs for the year 1904, amounting to
$1,250,197, those of the succeeding year 1905, valued at $858,289, show a considerable
falling oif. The first inclination on reading these figures would be to attribute the
decline in value to a lessened demand on the part of the English consumers. But the
reverse is actually the case, for Canadian poultry and eggs were never in greater re-
quest or better repute than they are at present. What then is the cause of the decrease
in the export value of these articles? This question is frequently asked. There is an
explanation therefor. Close observation of and experience in the different phases of
poultry and egg production suggest the following influences as likely to have brought
about the present state of affairs, viz. : —
1. Increased home consumption with increased prices.
2. The higher price of meat which has resulted in a greater consumption of eggs.
3. A greater and growing appreciation of the better class of poultry and eggs
which can only come from carefully reared chickens and cleanly fed hens.
4. The extra care and effort required in obtaining the ' selected ' article, which as
a result is calculated to be in lesser than greater supply.
5. A popular opinion that there is less waste in a dozen eggs even at advanced
prices than there is in meat of the same value.
6. The convenience and despatch with which eggs may be prepared as food under
many varied conditions.
HAS THE COST OF PRODUCTION INCREASED WITH ENHANCED VALUES?
This is another question that frequently occurs in connection with the increased
values of poultry and eggs. In reply it may be said that experience tends to show
that there should be lessened rather than increased cost of production to the different
classes of producers, who are acquainted with up to date poultry management and in
this way: —
To the farmers of the country in the more general use of many forms of waste,
convenient to them, and which hitherto may have been unthought of or neglected
factors as applied to poultry keeping. Among these forms of waste may be classed
refuse of table and kitchen ; unmarketable roots or vegetables ; small gi'ains which
may be ground up and made into mash ; chaff or short straw lor hay, which can be used
for litter or scratching material on the floor of the pens, heads, livers or other forms
of meat waste ; skimmed milk, curd, whey, &:e., which can be used to good purpose in
the fleshing of chickens and in egg production; and farmers have their grain at
cost.
To specialists and other poultrymen, many of the aforementioned forms of waste
will doubtless be available, as well as numerous preparations of meat, meals and clover
— the by-pro lucts of farm, factory and packing house. These and other preparations
of grit, and broken oyster shells are put up in convenient packages and sold at reason-
able prices by poultry supply houses, or their agents throughout the country.
Until recent years the use of these essentials was little understood nor were they
easy to procure, but the development of poultry keeping created a demand for them
and in reponse the supply can:e.
The better appreciation and more general use of these varied forms of waste an I
by-products — so long as the latter are cheap and effective — should tend to prevent an
increase in the cest of production, if not to actually lessen it.
HAS THE PRODUCTION OF THE BETTER QUALITY OF POULTRY AND EGGS KEPT PACE WITH
THE HOME DEMAND?
This is a question that is the subject of much interesting speculation. It is on.?
that presents itself in connection with the growing value of the home market for tli 3
236 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
better quality of poultry and eggs. Increasing prices show that the supply is yet short
of the demand. There can be no doubt that the home requirement for both these pro-
ducts is far greater to-day than ever before and equally true is it that the taste of our
home consumers for the better quality was never more exacting than it is to-day. This
is instanced in the increased demand in summer for the ' strictly new laid egg ' with
the flavour peculiar to it. The leading purveyors of the cities do not hesitate to say
that their customers are no longer content with the vague assurance ' that the egg^
are probably fresh.' If after they are bought the eggs turn out to be bad the seller is
sure to hear about it. So the city or town grocers, like their customers, become more
exacting, and the farmers or collectors in turn have to be more cautious as to the
freshness of the eggs and quality of the poultry they sell.
Perhaps the exacting nature of these demands is a cause for the apparent difficulty
in meeting them. It has already been remarked that ' increased care and effort ' are
required to produce the ' selected ' article. This at once means higher value for the
greater labour expended. Certain it is that these are causes for the comparatively
slow response on part of producers to remunerative margins of profit. These profits arc
shown in a later page by the farmers who made them by catering to the ' exacting *
demands referred to with high class products. Long experience has shown that there
are certain conditions which govern the production of the high priced article. These
conditions must be unflinchingly observed by farmer, amateur, or professional manager
of a poultry plant before they can place the ' selected ' or ' guaranteed ' eggs and plump
chickens — which will bring the highest prices — into the hands of leading city purveyor
or private customers. These conditions are named as follows :
CONDITIONS TO BE OBSERVED IN THE PRODUCTION OF ' SELECTED ' EGGS AND POULTRY.
Summer Eggs of undoubted freshness and flavour must be —
(a) Strictly new laid when sent to city dealer or sold to private customer.
(h) They should reach the consumer within one week of being laid.
(c) Non-fertilized.
(d) After being taken from nests — until shipped or sold — should be kept in i\
sweet smelling cellar or cupboard.
Winter Eggs —
(a) Should be collected before being frozen.
(b) Sent to city dealer, customer or sold on market within ten days of laying.
(c) Kept meanwhile in clean, sweet smelling storing place.
(d) Preferably non-fertilized, but this is not so strictly insisted on as in the case
of summer eggs, for in winter there is not the same risk of germ development.
Eggs of Both Seasons. — In order to have the desirable flavour at all seasons eggs
should come from cleanly fed and kept hens. The fowls should not have access to
decaying animal, or, vegetable matter. This particularly applies to summer. The
rests at all times should be clean, comfortable and free from lice. The largest eggs
will be laid by hens. Pullets may yield a greater number but their eggs will be found
to be of smaller size. Whether laid by hens or pullets the eggs to be of large size and
good quality must come from generously fed birds.
Poultry of Best Quality. — To have chickens of the desirable type and quality
they require to be : —
(a) Of correct market type. This is brought about by breeding from parent stock
of like type.
(h) They should be carefully housed and regularly fed from time of hatching
until saleable age.
REPORT OF TEE POULTRY MANAGER 237
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
(c) They should not be expected to ' pick up all their own living.' This practice
is too common. Chickens so treated or in ajiy other way neglected are not likely to
make good market specimens, breeding stock or show birds.
(d) Chickens, their coops and colony houses should be kept free from lice. Lice-
infested chickens do not thrive.
(e) A thriving chicken should be a hearty eater, an industrious forager and quick
grower.
The faithful observance of the foregoing conditions is likely to be followed by the
best results in the rearing of the better class of table poultry and the obtaining of
reliable eggs. The proper food and treatment for chickens will be found in a follow-
ing page.
APPRECIATIOX OF THE BETTER QUALITY.
Farmers and others who contemplate going into poultry and egg production will
find it to their advantage to correctly size up the requirements of the present day
markets. They should, from the outset, make it a rule to produce none but the best
quality of poultry and eggs. That the better quality receives the highest price is
shown in the following letters from farmers, their wives or daughters : —
Petrolea, November 20, 1905.
Dear Sir, — I am offered by ]\rr. Gatehouse, of Dorchester street, Montreal, to whom
you referred me, the following prices :
Eight to 10 cents per lb. for ordinary farm chickens; 10 to 14 cents per lb. for
fattened chickens according to quality.
Fresh eggs 40 cents per dozen, with the prospects of an advance in a few days.
I received his letter a week ago (November 13).
The poultry prices I did not consider high enough to tempt me to ship. Eggs at
prices named would pay me well. As a result I may keep one hundred pure bred hens.
Those I have are mixed. — Hattie E. S. .
In reply, the above correspondent was advised to carry out her intention of keeping
none but pure bred Plymouth Rocks, which would not only give her eggs, but ohickens
vi the most acceptable market types. In this way she would have opportunity to receive
the highest values for both articles.
The following is an instance where the best quality poultry, properly plucked and
dressed, received the highest prices :
Myrtle, Oxt., October 23, 1905.
Dear Sir, — We sent our poultry to Mr. H. Gatehouse, Dorchester street, Montreal,
and received the following prices for them : Barred Plymouth Rock cockerels (dressed)
15 cents per lb. Ducks — Pekin and Rouen — of large size and good quality, 16 cents
per lb.
It cost one cent per lb, for express charges to Montreal, The cockerels were dressed
in the same manner as were the poultry shown by the Central Experimental Farm at
the Central Canada Exhibition in Ottawa last month (September), They were plucked
but not drawn, with feathers on wing tips, and their heads placed under their wings.
We send all our poultry to Mr. Gatehouse. — (Sgd.) Mrs. F. Lea.
The following is another instance of the better quality receiving best prices :
Elmhurst^ Ramsay, November 14, 1905,
Dear Sir, — In July last I sold April hatched chickens at 20 cents per lb. In
August the May chicks at 16 cents per lb. Live weight in both cases. Up to this date
I have sold 90 cockerels, — Mrs, Jos. Yuill.
MARGINS OF PROFIT MADE BY FARMERS, INSTANCES OF SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT.
The question as to possible margins of profit in poultry keeping is frequently
asked. For many years past it has been the contention of enthusiastic advocates of
238 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VI!., A. 1905
poultry culture that, when properly managed, no branch of farm work should pay a
better margin of profit. In reports of this department for many years past it has
been held that, by obtaining eggs in winter and selling them at city prices, in com-
bination with the rearing of the best types of market chickens in early summer, a
margin of from one to two hundred per cent profit should be made by farmers, accord-
ing to their near location to or distance from a city market. That these calculations,
made after long experience, were not over-estimated is shown by the following instances
of successful poultry management, and related by farmers over their own signatures,
in leading agricultural papers of recent date. These statements are doubly valuable
for they not only show large margins of profit, but the methods of feeding and manage-
ment whereby they were made : —
Statement 1. — Made by Mr. J. R Henry, of Wentworth County, in Farmers'
Advocate of March 9, 1905: 'Have had eggs all fall and winter in good supply. Have
kept account, and have sold more than $2 worth of eggs for every $1 worth of feed con-
sumed. And in growing early chicks for market, have made $3 for $1 cost. I find I
can raise chicks to eight weeks for $8 per hundred, and make them ready for market.
Yes, my hens pay and pay well.
' In feeding, I try to follow, in part, Ottawa Experimental Farm teachings. Morn-
ing, first thing, a little tasty mash, but not more than a pint to twenty-five hens. Then
stir up the litter, and scatter a half pint of screenings; this again at noon. Open up
the windows and doors, unless storm beats in. During day, clover leaves in trough,
also apples and apple peelings. I like to hang cabbage and mangels for them to pick at
high enough that they have to reach or jump for them. I think it best to feed the green
bone or other animal food about two hours before sundown each day, about one-half
ounce to each hen. Then give a final feed of grain in the straw, about two quarts to
twenty-five hens. Then, at sundown give a mash composed of cooked potatoes and
peelings, with any kitchen scraps, with chop and shorts stirred in until stiff — all they
will eat. Water, grit and oyster-shell at will. I thinlv wheat the best all-round grain,
if we were compelled to use only one kind. Always, when wheat is high, eggs are dear
also, so we can draw a safe conclusion.'
Statement No. 2. — ^By Mr. J. F. Eiddle, of Norfolk Co., Ont., in the Farmers'
Advocate of March 2, 1905, and which shows a large margin of profit from his hens
and his manner of feeding them, viz. : —
' In the year 1903 I kept 40 females (Barred Plymouth Rocks) and they netted
me $34 oyer and above the feed bill. In 1902 my sales amounted to $101.40, with net
profit of $43.36. In 1901 receipts were $103.50, my profit being $52, but I cannot say
bow many I kept these two years.
' I have always fed a variety of grains — wheat and buckwheat forming the principal
part — with very little corn or oats. I give one or two messes of cooked vegetables,
mixed with shorts, each week, with cabbage or mangolds for a change. They get green-
cut bone or liver two or three times a week; also clover leaves, either dry or in the mash.
They get a warm mash nearly every day, either night and morning. I strive to keep
them busy and contented the whole day long.
Statement No. 3.— By Mr. E. C. Parker, Compton, Que., March 16, 1905.— An
estimate of the profit to he made from selling eggs during the summer and winter
mon-tlis may fairly be had by calculating that it costs during summer 5 cents to pro-
duce a dozen eggs, which sell for 16 cents, a moderate value at that season. Allow-
ing that it costs twice as much to produce a dozen eggs in winter, v/hen they sell in
Montreal at 35 to 50 cents per dozen, as I show later on, we still have a profi-t of from
25 to 35 cents per dozen. From 100 April and May hatched White Wyandottes (50
of each), I got $14.30 worth of eggs in November,. 1903. In December of same year
tltey laid 1,141 eggs. In January, 1904, they laid 1,385, about 115 dozen. In
February they laid 1.393 eggs. The prices received per dozen were : Noyem-
REPORT OF TEE POULTRY MANAGER 239
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
ber, 40c. ; December, 50c. ; January, first two weeks, 45c., last two weeks, 40c. ;
February, 40c. for the first three weeks, 35c. for the last week. The total
amount received by me from Mr. Graham, of Montreal, was $149.41. This
record is to March 1. My methods of management are and have been as follows : — By
selecting the best I have now no poor egg layers. I keep 6 to 8 inches of straw on the
floors of the pens, and change it about once per week. The whole grain is fed in the
litter during the winter. Rations are : —
Morning (early). — Cracked corn.
About 11 a.m. — Mangels or cabbages.
Noon. — Wheat.
P.M. ration. — Mash composed of second crop clover hay (cut), bran, middlings,
ground oats, commeal and a small part of meat meal.
Any spare skimmed milk is also given to the fowls. I am a great believer in
fresh air, and my houses are open every fine day during winter, and as a result they
aP9 always dry, and I have few cases of sickness. I do not believe that hen's kept in
the manner outlined, and if of a good egg-laying s1;rain, get too fat to lay, so I feed
them all they will eat up clean. I never could get hens to lay well unless they were
fat and vceW fed.'
The last statement is most important, as the experience gained in our department
in the winter feeding of the laying stock in cold quarters leads to the same con-
clusion.
Statemen't jSCo. 4. — By Mrs. Joseph Yuill, of Eamsay, Ont., near C'arleton Place.
' I never had such good results from my fowls as I have had during the past year. I
have cleared $17 per month from 35 hens from December 1, 1904, to end of March
last. This from eggs only.'
Statement No. 5 — By Mr. John Nadeau, East Montmorenci, Que. : ' Last fall
I began with 15 hens of different kinds. They were put into a poultry house 15 x 17,
with a scratching shed attached 10 x 18. I fed as follows : —
' Morning Ration. — Warm mash composed of bran, ground oats and ground barley.
' Noon. — Oats and barley mixed. Sometimes buckwheat or wheat replaced the
barley. This was thrown into the litter on the floor of the scratching shed to cause
the hens to search for it.
Afternoon. — Oats and barley, or wheat or buckwheat mixed in lieu of- the latter.
Tliis was always thrown into the litter. Every effort was made to keep the fowls busy.
' On May 2 last, I set three hens (old) on 39 eggs, and from them received
32 strong and vigorous chickens. I attribute the fertility of the eggs and the strength
of the germs to the exercise, fresh air and plenty of room.
'Between the fall of last year and October 2 of this year (1905), I sold eggs and
chickens which made me $26.79 above all expenses. This may seem a small amount
of profit, but I have on hand 44 hens and a cockerel.'
EXPERIMENTAL WORK.
The experimental work of the year began in the latter part of October, 1904> when
the following work — preliminary to the birds going into winter quarters — w.as per-
formed, viz. : —
The pullets were removed from the cockerels into their future winter quarters.
This was done for the reason that the pullets at this season are apt to be annoyed with
the attentions of the more precocious cockerels — particularly those of the Mediter-
ranean breeds.
The pullets were placed by themselves so that they could be better cared for and
more generously fed in order to induce early laying. This method of treatment will
be found decidedly beneficial.
Care was taken by judicious feeding to prevent the older hens from going into
winter quarters over-fat, which they are likely to become if heavily fed before beginnin<»
240
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDVMRD VII., A. 1906
to lay again. To still further prevent any risk of becoming over-fat the hens were not
kept in the same pens with pullets. Experience has shown that pullets will lay well
and keep in good condition on rations which are likely to make older hens too fat.
COMMENCEMENT OF WINTER LAYING.
The foW'ls were well over their moult and in good condition when they went into
winter quarters, towards the end of November. Winter laying commenced at the
beginning of December. The first hens to lay were Barred Plymouth Kocks, Bufl
Orpingtons, Silver Grey Dorkings, BuS Leghorns and Silver Laced Wyandottes. Egg
laying was fairly general by the third week of the month. As at a similar period dur-
ing the previous year the weather was extremely cold, and new laid eggs were in
limited supply and high in price, especially during the Christmas season.
BUILDING UP PROLIFIC EGG LAYEN'G STRAINS OF FOWLS BY MEANS OF TRAP NESTS* DETAILS OF
FIRST year's RESULTS.
In January, 1904, the work of building up prolific egg laying strains of fowls was
commenced. There are two methods by which this purpose may be accomplished.
One is by ' observation ' of the birds, and the other by ' trap nests.' The latter method
was adopted as likely to prove most correct. The manner of operating the trap nests,
may be described as follows : Each fowl, in the different laying pens, bears a number
affixed to one of its legs. On entering a nest to lay the hen involuntarily releases a
hinged door which falls and closes the exit and also prevents another fowl from making
her way into the nest. After the hen in the nest has laid she is released by the atten-
dant, who notes her number and marks it on a card conveniently situated in each
pen. A complete history of each individual hen is so secured. The following tables
show the results from the use of the trap nests for the first year and their value in
making plain the good and bad qualities of the individual members of the laying pens.
Additional information shows the composition and cost of the rations used, the value of
the eggs sold and the profits made by each group of fowls.
Table 1. — Individual hen records shown by trap nests. 12 Barred Plymouth Rock
hens, 3 years old. Pen 1.
FROM DECEMBER 1, 1904, TO NOVEMBER 1, 1905.
Hen
Xo.
>>
s
1
1
0
23
16
12
15
19
0
4
24
1
19
20
158
p.
<
17
19
10
20
14
2
16
12
17
3
13
17
159
6
a
s
bo
.a
S
-2
ft
«
02
1
O
B
>
o
s
o
o
o
c
Total
of
Remarks.
1
19
36
37
•41
49
62
*71
80
*86
•96
100
1905
1
0
16
0
0
5
2
1
11
7
0
0
43
0
0
20
0
1
16
10
1
19
5
6
1
77
24
16
0
11
0
0
10
13
10
18
0
0
4
7
0
12
0
10
14
4
0
0
0
3
5
3
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
1904
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
i
80 Broody and broken up twice dur-
1 ing season.
85 >, M
72 Used for setting from April 19
1 to May 12.
73 Broody twice during season, but
»| broken up.
30, Used for setting from Apl. 29 to
1 July 1.
63 Setting from Apl. 7 to June 1.
28 Died April 28. '05.
9
0
8
0
21
89
18
0
17
0
0
6
0
0
10
0
0
19
0
....
45
125
25
38
66
Broody once, but broken up.
Setting from Apl. 20 to July 3.
Broody 3 time.?, bat broken up.
Died June 5, 1905.
7
78
0
0
0
0
Showed no inclination to set.
50
19
9
1
This egg was laid in the straw
on the floor of the pen.
Total.
23
2G
731
Photo. h,i F. T. Sliutl.
1. — Chickens from Fowls kept in Unheated Houses with Scratching Shed attachment.
2. — Chickens from hardy strains. Colony House on the left ; Brooder on the right.
3. — Pullets and Cockerels from good egg-laying fowls.
REPORT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER 241
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Hens marked * were tlie poorest layers, and were neither used for breeding stock
in our department nor were they sold for a like purpose.
RATIONS.
The rations used in feeding the above fowls were of the following composition:
Whole grain J wheat -J oats mixed, 1^ lbs. to each pen per day. Mash (wet) 1 lb. per
day, composed of 2 parts shorts, 1 part ground oats, 1 part ground barley. Grit and
oyster shells in regular supply. No meat, bone or roots were given to the fowls in this
pen.
Expenditure and Receipts.
Value of grain consumed, 435 lbs. at l^c. lb $3 44
" mash consumed, 178 lbs. at Ic. per lb 1 78
" grit and shell consumed, 30 lbs 0 25
" 15 egg boxes for shipping at 8c. each 1 20
• $3 67
RECEIPTS.
Value of 506 eggs sold for eating 10 55
" 15 settings of eggs of 15 each 15 00
$25 55
cr, $1,403 per hen. Gain by this pen of , . .$16 88
Eggs for eating purposes were sold during the year at the following prices, viz. : —
Dec, 1904 and Jan., 1905, at 40c. per doz.; Feb., 35c.; March, 22c; April, May, June
and July, 18c.; Aug., 20c.; Sept., 25c.; Oct., 30c.; Nov., 30c. These prices apply to
all following cases where eggs were sold for eating.
The above table also shows that the average time taken to ' break up ' a hen when
broody was 6 days and it was 6 days more before she began laying again.
In the cost of the rations is included the feeding of the male bird from January to
July. It is the same in following tables.
Table 2. — Individual Hen Eecords shown by Trap Nests, Barred Plymouth Rock
hens, 3 years of age. Pen No. 2.
FROM DECEMBER 1, 1904, TO NOVEMBER 1, 1905.
Hen
No.
>>
1
2
1
>>
6
>>
to
g
s
o
s
a)
>
s
Total
of
EgRS
Rt-marks.
1-5
<
S
3
1-5
>^
<
O
O
laid.
1905
1904
*4
0
0
2
18
14
10
0
0
0
0
0
44
Showed no broodiness.
h
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
„
*20
0
1
0
10
10
4
11
0
0
0
0
36
Broody once, and broken up.
25
2
14
18
18
10
8
3
0
0
0
3
70
11 11
.SO
0
1
16
13
9
5
7
5
1
0
0
57
Broody 5 times, but broken up.
*35
0
0
5
15
13
8
1
0
0
0
0
42
Broody once „
37
0
0
0
19
10
9
13
6
5
0
0
62
n four times tr
67
1
15
5
12
12
9
2
4
2
0
0
62
II SIX M „
77
9
19
S
9
11
12
12
4
5
8
11
108
Broody in Mch. Used as settb.-
from A pi. 7 to May 7. Broody
but broken up four times after
this.
78
0
0
16
6
2
10
11
1
0
0
0
46
Broody but broken up 3 times.
91
17
17
20
25
24
7
i9
10
3
14
16
172
11 once but broken up.
*98
0
0
10
15
13
2
0
0
0
0
0
40
■1.
1
2
These eggs were laid in the
— ■ —
straw on the floor.
Totals
29
07
100
1G3
129
85
"
30
17
22
30
751
16—16
242
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903
* Hens marked with an asterisk were the poorest layers, and were neither vised nor
sold for breeding purposes.
Rations and their composition used in feeding above pen of fowls were as fol-
lows :—
Whole grain ration, ^ wheat, ^ oats, fed in quantity of li lb. per pen i>er day.
'Mash — ^same as in Table I, but fed once every three days and in quantity of | lb.
instead of 1 lb. per pen.
Cut bone and roots three times per week.
Grit, oyster shells, drink water in regular supply.
EXPENDITURE AND RECEIPTS.
Cost of grain, 450 lb. at l^c. per lb $5 63
" mash, 130i lb. at Ic. per lb 1 31
" cut bone, 34 lb. at 2c. per lb 0 63
" roots (in winter), 52 lb. at Jc. per lb 0 26
'•' gi-it and shell, 29 J lb. 0 20
" 18 egg boxes for shipping at 8c. each. ..... 1 44
$9 51
RECEIPTS.
Value of 481 eggs sold for eating $9 87
" 270 eggs for breeding, 18 settings of 15 eggs
each 18 00
$27 87
Gain of $18 36
or $1.53 per hen.
Table Xo. 3. — Individual Hen Eecords shown by Trap Nests, White Plymouth Rocks,
three years of age. Pen No. 3.
FROM DECEMBER 1, 1904, TO NOVEMBER 1, 1905.
>.
.a
u
Xi
Si
Hen
c3
3
j:
d
fa
S
^i^o
Remarks.
No.
g
3
c3
a
>,
bo
3
Q.
o
>
o
OH
1-3
1905
rH
S
<!
§
^
i-s
<
m
O
^
Q
H
1901
*3
*10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14
0
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
32
Uied August 15, 1905.
Did not become broody.
0
0
0
32
^1
?•?,
13
IS
24
5
10
0
0
15
17
145
Broody 3 times but broken-ui)
68
0
7
7
14
22
13
0
4
0
0
0
07 'Did not become broorly.
76
86
93
1
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
0
iDied Feb. 16.
2 1 Died March 7.
03;Did not become broody.
13
10
16
11
8
0
0
0
*95
0
0
4
19
9
0
1
0
0
0
0
33
30
0
3
. fi
25
22
22
11
5
0
0
0
94
Broody once ; broken up.
4n
0
0
0
0
00
96
Died .Jan. 2.3.
Did not become broody.
55
0
10
23
23
20
11
0
9
0
100
2
24
13
52
1
00
24
147
24
158
21
92
10
51
0
9
10
19
17
32
--
0
17
128
Totals..
061
Hens marked thus * were poor layers, and were neither used nor sold as breeding
stock.
REPORT OF TEE POULTRY MANAGER 243
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
RATIONS.
Rations fed to above pen of fowls were : —
Wheat 1^ lbs. per diem.
Cut bone, | lb. to 1 lb. every second day.
Eoots, I lb. every second day.
ilasli wa^ given in summer time to replace the cut bone and in the same quantity,
viz., 1 part shorts, 1 part meat meal.
EXPENDITURE AND RECEIPTS.
Value of grain, 398 lbs., at l^c. per lb $4 98
" mash, 125 lbs. at 2c. per lb 2 50
" roots, 137 lbs. at ^c. per lb. (in winter) .... 0 68
" grit and shell, 24 lbs 0 20
" 11 egg boxes for shipping at Sc. each 0 88
$9 24
RECEIPTS.
Value of 603 eggs sold for eating. . $10 03
" 158 eggs sold for breeding, 10^ settings of 15
eggs each 10 50
$20 58
Gain of $11 34
or $1.13 per hen (lO birds in pen).
Nos. 30, 55 and 100 which were pullets were selected with other good layers for
breeders. It will be notic3d that several hens in this group did not become broody.
Their selection for breeding stock might be the first step in building up a non-setting
strain of White Plymouth Rocks.
Table Xo. 4. — Individual Hen Records by Trap Nests, Buff Orpington Hens, two
years of age. Pen No. 4.
FROM DECEMBER 1, 1901, TO NOVEMBER 1, 1905.
~Z i =^
Hen
Xo.
3
JO
1
c
(D
>,
^
Ed
CD
g
S
a
e
S
0
s
>
0
0
0:2
OH
Remarks.
-905
1904
*1
0
1
5
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8 Showed no desire to sit.
7
1
L'O
12
12
10
6
4
6
0
0 ...
0
?7 Broody 3 times ; broken up.
IS
18
JO
11
U
0
0
12
4
3
0
2
CO Broody 4 times and set from
June 2 to 23.
17
y
1
26
0
18
4
12
0
5
0
12
86 Broody 3 tijies ; broken u{).
29
4
b
13
15
0
13
0
9
5
0
0
15
66 Broody 3 times ; set May 23 to
Jime 17.
47
18
9
2
0
0
5
2
0
0
0
49 Broody twice ; set and raised
chicks from April 17 to July 13.
53
14
15
16
5
13
6
5
«
1
8 ...
13
102 Broody 6 times ; broken up.
63
u
2
21
3
0
12
6
3
7
0 ....
0
54 Set from April 7 to May 3 ;
i Broody twice afterwards.
66
•'
8
19
6
15
12
8
1
9
0
6
91, Broody 4 time.s : broken up.
76
16
7
12
14
0
14
10
0
3
6
....
15
97 „ 5 „
*86
0
1
5
5
10
9
3
5
1
0 ....
0
39 „ 1
*90
0
0
0
0
0
1
13
1
0
0
0|,...
0
14
1
1
1
2'
Totals .
93
83
150
49
80
76
75
32
29
14...
63
745 straw on the floor.
The three hens marked * were neither used nor sold for breeding stock.
16—16*
244
EXPEIilMEXTAL FARMS
5-5 EDWARD VII., A, 1906
RATIONS TO ABOVE GROUP.
Whole grain ration composed of i wiieat and i oats, 1^ lbs. -per day.
Mash, twice per week.
Cut bone and roots, twice per week.
Grit, oyster shells and drink water in abundant supply.
EXPENDITURE AND RECEIPTS.
Cost of grain, 456 lbs. at l^-c. psr lb
" mash, 135 lbs. at Ic, per lb
" cut bone, 35 lbs. at 2c. per lb. (in winter)
" roots, 50 lbs. at ^c. per lb. (in winter) . . . . ,
" grit and oyster shell, 35 lbs ,
" six egg boxes for shipping at 8c. each
5
70
1
35
0
70
0
25
0
25
0
54
c
$ 8 79
RECEIPTS.
Value of 655 eggs sold for eating $14 6a
" 00 eggs sold for breeding, 6 settings of 15
eggs each 6 00
20 63
Gain of $11 84
Or $0.99 per hen. It will be noticed from the table that hens Nos. 1, 86 and 90 laid
very few eggs. They were not only non-profitable, but partly ate the profits made by
others. This is a striking instance of the value of the trap nest in discovering non-
layers.
Table Xo. 5.- — Individual New Eecords by Trap Nests — White Leghorn Pullets.
Pen No. 5.
FROM DECEMBER 1
, 1904, TO NOVEMBER 1, 1905.
Hen
No.
c
1-^
u
cS
9
23
19
a
to
5c
<
S
-2
1
0
0
S
>
0
a
0
6 J
Remarks.
19
17
6
13
8
0
0
0
0
95
11
17
16
10
22
21
14
4
5
0
(1 .
0
115
34
4
6
9
10
14
9
2
0
0
0 .
0
54
50
5
1
4
8
lOl 13
6
0
0
0 .
5
52
53
10
12
13
16
12 9
3
0
0
0
9
90
58
0
1
11
15
17! 13
1
0
0
0 .
0
58
63
14
15
18
18
21! 17
4
0
0
0 .
0
107
65
1
0
2
14
20
12
4
0
0
0
0
53
G9
0
1
6
13
16
16
9
5
3
0
0
69
77
.s
6
6
17
19
20
2
0
0
0
3
76
84
90
7
Ifi
12
9
20
16
9
0
0
73 Dead. Awffust 25.
19
16
16
21
14
0
4
1
0
4
Ill
97
11
fi
8 19
1
10
1
0
1
0
0
57
99
18
129
8
109
15 19
23
15
0
4
7
2
8
119
Totals..
142
230
230
184
44
18
12
2
29
1,129
Two pens were selected from the above group of fowls, one composed of good and
the other of bad layers. The good layers were selected from hens Nos. 11, 53, 63 and
SO, which represented an average of 105 eggs per hen per year. The poor egg layers
REPORT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
245
chosen were 34, 50 and 65, representing the small average of 53 eggs each per year.
Eesults from these two widely differing pens will be noted with interest after another
season.
RATIONS FED TO ABOVE PULLETS.
Wliole grain ration, one-half oats one-half wheat, twice per day.
ITnsh loomposed of two parts shorts, one part ground oats and one part ground
barley, three times per week.
Cut bone three times per week.
Roots three times per week.
Grit and oyster shells in abundance.
EXPENDITURE AND RECEIPTS.
Cost of grain, 440 lbs. at l^c. per lb $ 5 50
" mash, 143 lbs. at Ic. per lb 1 43
"' cut bone, 38 lbs. at 2c. per lb 0 76
" roots, 50 lbs. at Ac. per lb 0 25
" grit and shell 0 25
" 30 egg boxes for shipping at 8c. each .... 2 40
$10 59
Receipts.
Value of 679 eggs sold for eating $15 21
" 450 eggs sold for breeding, 30 settings of
15 eggs each 30 00
$45 21
Gain of $34 62
or $2.88 per hen. For price of eggs sold at different periods see Table I.
Table Xo. 6. — Individual Hen Records by Trap Xests. — Cross-bred Pullets. Pen 26.
FRO:\I DECEMBER 1, 1904 TO NOVEMBER 1, 190.5.
1
'^-i
u
cx;
Hen
No.
1-2
11
9
0
<
0
0
C
3
1-5
3
<
s
s
o
X>
a
33
>
o
"A
o
0)
Remarks.
8
0
23 Dead .Tnne IG.
30
21
20
8
22
IS
6
3
0
0
Oi. ..
8
106
Showed no inclination to sit.
38
7
G
1
17
21
1
0
4
1
0
0
58
„ „
39
7
9
21
14
14
1
0
0
0
0
0
72
48
13
8
5
14
18
3
0
0
0
0 ....
0
61
74
14
90
?.S
13
0
0
70
Dead May 3.
Dead October 3.
75
10
5
5
13
10
6
1
0
0
0
0
50
7G
7
18
10
15
23
7
0
0
0
6
0
86
No inclination to sit.
87
11
9
8
15
IG
2
0
0
0
0
1
62 Broody once ; broken up.
94
0
1
6
6
9
13
0
9
0
0
0
44
..
Totals..
101
105
87
129
129
48
4
13
1
6
9
632
246
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
RATIOXS FED TO ABOVE PEN 26.
Whole grain ration J wheat ^ buckwheat ... 20 ozs. per day.
Mash — 2 parts shorts, 1 part oats ground,
1 part ground barley 10 '*' every 3 days.
Cut green bone 10 " "
Eoots 10 "
Grit and oyster shells in sufficient quantity.
COST OF RATIOXS.
Grain, 370 lbs. at 1^ cents per lb $4 63
Mash, 122 lbs. at 1 cent per lb 1 22
Cut bone, 24 lbs. at 2 cents per lb 0 48
Roots, 35 lbs. at i cent per lb 0 18
Grit and shell, 30 lbs 0 25
$ 6 V6
RECEIPTS FROM SALE OF EGGS.
Value of eggs sold during the year 13 37
Gain made $6 61
or 6G cents per hen.
Table ISTo. T. — Individual hen records by trap nests. Cross bred pullets. Pen No. 27.
FROM DECEMBER 1, 1904 TO NOVEMBER 1, 1905.
>,
>,
si
si
XI
si
"o-d
'_5
Hen
No.
g
1905
3
S
'u
ft
<!
(D
a
s
l-^
m
S
bo
s
<
02
S
O
o
O
a
(B
>
O
s
P
Remarks.
1904
2
6
18
21
26
22
12
2
4
0
0
0
111; Showed no desire to sit.
35
3
10
3
10
2
14
4
5
0
11
0
G2
Broody once ; but broken up
.Sat froui April 19 to May 27.
36
0
1
1
1
17
11
3
0
0
0
0
34
Broody 3 times after this.
40
4
13
5
21
5
16
lo
6
0
0
....
0
80
Broody 4 times : broken up.
4G
0
7
12
15
16
14
7
0
4
0
0
81
Showed no broodiness.
51
3
o
8
15
19
10
7
3
6
0
0
76
Broody once ; broken up.
60
2
10
13
19
21
11
11
1
0
0
0
88
U II
62
S
6
8
9
12
3
0
0
0
0
0
46
Did not sit.
69
0
0
1
13
21
19
8
4
0
13
0
79
„
70
2
28
6
76
2
74
17
146
10
17
5
0
4
'
0
63
Broodj- once ; broken up.
Totals..
145
127
57
29
14
24
0
720
RATIONS FED TO ABOVE PEX 27.
Whole grain — Oats only 20 ozs. per day.
Mash 8 "
Roots 1 lb. "
Grit and oyster shells in regular supply.
COST OF RATIONS.
Oats, 408 lbs. at 1 cent per lb $ 4 08
Mash, 178 lbs. at 1 cent per lb 1 78
Roots, 154 lbs. at i cent per lb 0 77
Grit and oyster shells, 30 lbs 0 25
$ 6 88
REPORT OF TEE POULTRY MANAGER
SESSIONAL PAPER Nc. 16
RECEIPTS FROM SALE OF EGGS
Value of eggs sold during the year
Gain made by this pen
or 57 cents per hen. Average niunber of eggs laid per hen, 72.
$11 59
$5 71
247
ESTABLISHING STRAINS OF PROLIFIC WINTER LAYERS COiJIBINED
WITH CORRECT :MARKET TYPE.
SELECTIOX BY MEANS OF TRAP KESTS.
With the object of establishing strains of fowls which would make good winter
layers in ■unheated quarters, combined with correct market types, 23 Barred Plymouth
Rock and a similar number of White Wyandotte pullets were placed, during the fall
of last year, in a new poultry house of most approved pattern, a full description and
illustration of which appeared in report of 1904. Both varieties of the fowls named
are well known as most acceptable market types and particularly suited to make ex-
cellent layers in cold quarters. Trap nests were used to distinguish between the good
and the bad layers. The results of the first year's experience in the prosecution of this
work is given in the following tables, which with calculations based thereon convey
useful and instructive information.
Table 1. — Barred Plymouth Rock pullets. Individual records shown by trap nests.
Pen 34.
FROM DECEMBER 1, 1904 TO NOVEMBER 1, 1905.
ti
c
"0T3
>>
>>
^
^
<D
a
Hen
No.
a
§
1905
e3
2
<!
S"
^
g
fee
<
b
o
1
o
O .
S
>
O
?5
s
o
53 S)
OS
Remarks.
1904
2
0
2
0
11
12
15
5
0
0
0
0
45
Showed no inclination to set.
3
0
0
IS
25
17
15
8
0
0
0
0
83
Broody twice ; broken up.
4
0
0
3
12
21
16
12
2
7
0
0
73
II once
*9
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
M 3 times
15
0
2
24
17
18
6
1
0
0
0
0
68
Dead, Aug. 17.
21
0
0
3
18
12
9
8
3
0
0
0
53
Broody twice; broken w\
»26
0
0
0
8
8
7
/
0
0
0
0
30
11 4 times „
33
0
12
19
15
0
7
4
0
0
0
0
57
II twice 1!
34
0
0
9
14
15
12
10
1
0
0
0
61
Showed no broodiness.
39
0
2
13
18
22
5
14
0
0
0
0
74
Broody twice ; broken up.
46
0
0
9
16
20
6
6
0
0
0
0
57
II once II
53
0
3
IS
18
16
8
7
5
0
0
0
75
II II II
56
0
0
9
14
17
9
6
6
2
0
0
63
II 4 times „
61
0
0
19
17
16
12
11
0
0
0
0
75
.1 3
66
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Dead, Map 24.
72
0
0
14
IS
19
12
8
0
0
0
0
71
Broody 3 times ; broken up.
74
0
1
16
11
15
10
7
4
14
0
78
II 4
75
0
10
11
6
0
0
10
6
0
0
0
37
.. 3
85
0
5
13
21
10
22
13
5
0
8
0
97
■1 3
94
0
6
14
19
18
15
8
2
0
0
0
82
1, 3
95
0
G
23
23
17
12
18
1
0
0
0
100
II once II
96
0
0
17
26
11
11
13
9
0
0
0
87
11 11 II
98
0
0
r:.
21
16
18
12
0
0
0
0
80
11 3 times i,
1
1
2
These eggs were found on floor
in straw.
Totals . .
0
50
267
349
300
228
188
S6
13
22
0
1,455
None of the pullets in this or the following pen were used for sitters.
The cock bird died during first week in May, but was replaced.
The average egg production of the birds in this pen was 63^ eggs per hen per year.
248 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table 2. — Wliite "Wj-andotte Pullets. Pen CI
FROM DECEMBER 1, 1904, TO NOVEMBER 1, 1905.
Hen
No.
a
1905
1
>-
3
1-5
4J
to
3
<
s
72
c
1
o
u
(D
>
i
o
Total
of
laid.
Remarks.
1904
1
0
6
22
20
18
15
13
0
0
0
0
94
No inclination to set.
3
1
18
20
20
19
19
13
4
0
0
0
114
„
5
0
0
12
10
12
15
9
0
0
0
0
58
,,
15
0
0
18
23
12
2(,
12
0
0
0
0
85
Broody o?u e. Broken up.
* If)
0
0
0
0
2
22
14
0
0
0
0
38
No inclination to set.
19
0
7
11
9
14
12
12
2
0
0
0
67
Broody 4 time.s. Broken up.
24
6
18
16
18
13
16
10
1
0
0
0
98
» 3 M
* 32
0
0
0
8
15
14
12
1
0
0
0
50
No inclination to set.
41
0
7
14
18
13
10
14
0
0
0
0
70
,,
* 43
0
0
2
6
5
17
7
0
0
0
0
37
Broody once. Broken up.
* 48
0
0
1
4
13
8
7
0
0
0
0
33
II 11
* 49
0
0
1
17
18
16
3
0
0
0
0
5.3
II II
67
0
2
14
13
9
7
8
4
0
0
0
57
Broody 4 times. h
68
0
0
13
15
9
8
4
1
0
0
0
60
1, 3 II
* 69
0
3
0
13
14
7
8
0
0
0
0
45
No inclination to set.
73
0
0
13
20
12
7
11
0
0
0
0
63
1,
• 77
0
0
7
9
13
12
7
1
0
0
9
49
Broody twice. Broken up.
* 79
0
0
9
6
11
13
0
0
0
0
0
44
II 3 times. n
83
4
4
21
19
16
11
11
0
0
0
0
86
No inclination to set.
* 84
0
0
0
15
18
10
4
0
0
0
0
47
"
85
0
4
10
6
12
10
8
0
0
0
0
50
Broody 3 times. Broken up.
88
3
4
11
IS
13
7
4
0
0
0
0
60
11 once. II
92
0
0
0
0
9
10
14
5
10
3
13,
3
5
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
51
"
(•
25
These eggs were laid in tl.e >traw
on the floor.
Totals..
14
73
234
300
304
292
202
.17
0
0
0
1,412
The egg production per hen per year of the above pen was 62|.
The fowls of both pens had opportunity to run outside on a manure heap on and
after February 26. The pullets in neitlier pen laid early for the reason that they were
hatched late.
RATIONS AND HOAV FED TO ABOVE PULLETS.
The rations fed to the fowls in the foregoing pens 34 and 35, and manner of feed-
ing them was as follows : —
WJioIe grain — J wheat, i buckwheat, and h oats. This was throvm in the straw on
the floor of the scratching sheds, morning and evening, in quantities of 6 to 10 lbs.,
according to the weather. It was found that the most grain was consumed during
the colder weather.
Masli. — Was composed of two parts shorts, one part ground oats, one part ground
barley. This was fed at noon in quantity of 3 lbs. per day in a trough in the roosting
room.
Cut hone.— Fed in quantity of 21- lbs. every 3 days.
Roots. — About 3 lbs. every 3 days.
Grit, ground oyster shells and drink water were in regular supply.
REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE IN CONNECTION WITH FOREGOING PENS 34 AND 35.
It will be noticed that the receipts in the following calculations are arranged to
show in: —
No. 1 Table. — Eevenue from sale of eggs only.
REPORT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER 249
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
No. 2 Table.— Cost of rearing 100 chickens from May 1 to July 21, 1905, and then
the cost of feeding the same chickens from July 21 to September 1 (4 months in all).
These details show that if sold at end of July the chickens would have been worth
more than at the later period.
No. 3 Table. — Value of the combination of egg layers and market types.
No. 4 Table.— Eevenue made by C. E. F. Poultry Department by sale of eggs and
stock for breeding pruposes.
TABLE 1.
Revenue from sale of Eggs for eating and haiching purposes loith value of Birds
and cost of feeding.
Value of 46 pullets at $1 each $46 00
" 2 cockerels at $1 each 2 GO
grain, 272 lbs. at Ij cents per lb 34 05
" mash, 680 lbs. at 1 cent per lb 6 80
" cut bone, 178 lbs. at 2 cents per lb 3 56
" beets, 174 lbs. at i cent per lb 0 87
" grit and oyster shell 1 00
" 66 egg boxes for shipping at 8 cents each 5 28
$99 56
Receipts from sale of Eggs.
Value of eggs sold during the year $33 00
" " for breeding purposes, 66 settings, 15 eggs
each 66 00
" 44 hens on hand, at $1 44 00
" 1 cock on hand, at $1 1 00
$144 00
Lost during the year, 3 birds; gain, $44.44, or 96 cents per hen.
TABLE 2.
Showing cost of rearing 100 chickens from birth to the age of 2 montlis and 21
days (May 1 to July 21).
Chickens in lot : Barred Plymouth Eocks and White Wyandottes (45 cockerels
and 55 pullets).
Cost of production — ■
250 eggs for incubation, at 2 cents each $5 00
Coal oil, 4 galls., at 25 cents, $1; interest on machine, $1.25. . 2 25
Food consumed —
38 eggs, at 2 cents, cut up for mash 0 76
13 lbs. bread, at 3 cents 0 36
5i lbs. rice, at 5 cents 0 27
5 lbs. oatmeal, 2h cents 0 13
118 lbs. wheat, at 1:^ cents , 1 48
17 lbs. ground barley, at 1 cent 0 17
10^ lbs. meat meal, at 2i cents 0 26
12 lbs. ground oats, at 1 cent 0 12
Total cost of production .- $11 80
Total weight of lot at age of 2 months and 21 days, 148^ lbs.
Value of lot, 148^- lbs., at 25 cents per lb $37 12
Net profit $25 32
250 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VI!., A. 1935
Cost of feeding 100 chickens during 1 month and 10 days (July 21 to Septem-
ber 1).
Food consumed —
12 lbs. meat meal at 2^ cents 0 30
5 lbs. barley, at 1 cent 0 05
30 lbs. shorts, at 1 cent 0 30
34 lbs. ground oats, at 1 cent 0 34
128 lbs. wheat, at 1^ cents. 1 60
25 lbs. oats, at 1 cent 0 25
Total cost of feeding $2 84
Total weight of lot at age of 4 months, 272 lbs.
Total gain in live weight during feeding period, 123^ lbs.
Value of increased weight, 123 J lbs., at 13 cents. ... $16 06
Net profit $13 22
Total weight of chickens at age of 4 months, 272 lbs. at
13 cents $34 66
Total cost of production, $11.80 and $2.84 14 64
Total net profit 20 02
Table 3. — Showing value of eggs sold from pens 34 and 35 for hatching, and value, of
chickens at 4 months from eggs from these pens.
COST OF PRODUCTION.
Value of breeding stock, 46 pullets at $1 $46 00
Value of breeding stock, 2 cockerels at $1 2 00
Value of food consumed by old birds 46 28
Cost of rearing 100 chickens, at 4 months of
age (Sept. 1) 14 64
$108 9
RECEIPTS FROM EGGS AND FLESH.
Value of eggs sold during the year $33 00 I
Value of eggs sold for breeding, 49 settings at $1. 49 00 i
Value of 100 chickens at age of 4 months (Sept. f
1), weight 272 lbs., at 13 cents 34 66 ^
Value of 44 yearling hens, at $1 44 00
Value of 1 yearling cock, at $1 1 00 s
Lost during the year, 3 birds.
161 66
Xct profit $52 74
oi $1.15 by each hen.
REPORT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER 251
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Table 4. — Revenue made from sale of eggs for hatching and stock for breeding pur-
poses. Pens 34 and 35.
Value of breeding stock, 2 cockerels, 46 pullets . . $48 00
Value of food consumed 46 28
Cost of rearing 100 chickens at age of 4 months
(Sept. 1) 14 64
Cost of 50 shipping egg boxes, at 8 cents each. . 4 00
Cost of 35 coops (shipping birds), at 25 cent's each 8 75
$121 67
Value of eggs sold daring the year $33 00
Value of eggs sold for breeding 49 00
Value of 35 cockerels sold for breeding, at $1. . 35 00
Value of 10 pullets sold for breeding, at $1. . . . 10 00
Value of 18 chickens sold for eating, 45 lbs., at
13 cents 5 85
Value of cockerel on hand, at $1 1 00
Value of 30 pullets on hand, at i; 1 30 00
Value of breeding stock 48 00
211 85
Lost during the year, 3 birds $3 00
Xet profit $87 13
or $1.89-i by each hen.
INCUBATION.
HATCHIXG RF.SULTS FROM I>XUnATORS AXD HEXS. CHICKEXS HATCHED FROM HEXS KEPT HI
WARMED AXD COLD HOUSES.
On the dates named in the following tables, two incubators — as described — were
set in operation in the same building. Some interesting results are shown, among
which will be noted the difference in the germ strength of eggs laid by fowls which
were kept in houses without any artificial heat, but with scratching shed attachment,
and those from hens in partially warmed compartments, but with no such opportunity
for exercise or such abundance of fresh air.
252
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1905
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HE PORT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER
253
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Some results made evident from the above figures are : —
Eggs from hens in ISTos. 34 and 35 pens (cold houses) showed greatest percentage
of fertility and hatched the most chickens. This corroborates the experiences of pre-
vious years, as shown in reports of 1903 and 1904.
The eggs with the weaker germs were laid by hens in pens Nos. 2, 35 and 20, which
were in partially warmed houses.
The birds which laid the eggs were given the same rations in both cases.
Eggs were turned once per day after cooling. During the cooling of the eggs the
doors of the incubators were left open.
Neither incubator required any moisture. '
Test No. 3. — Results from Eggs obtained from Earmers at end of August.
Eor the purpose of showing the hatching of chickens by incubator during the fair
of the Canada Central Exhibition held in this city from September 8 to 16 last, the
following number of eggs were purchased from neighbouring farmers and placed in
two incubators. The eggs which were from hens that had laid well during the season,
but had free run, showed remarkable fertility and strength of germ. The incubators
were placed on an inclosed platform around which a constant stream of people passed.
There was much vibration, but this did not seriously interfere with results.
Eggs from Earmers' Fowls. Hatched ix Incubators.
Description of Eggs.
Kind
of
Incubator.
bo
bo
'o
d
O
25
20
1
'V
6
bo
-1
a
o
1
Remarks.
Bfirred P. Rock, farmers stock. . .
Hot water . .
Hot air
220
229
25
42
10
15
160
152
66|
After the usual stay of 24 hours in the nurseries of the incubators, the chickens
were removed to brooders close at hand where they made good growth.
Test No. 4. — Hatciiixg Eggs by Hens.
The following eggs, which were imported from England, were given to four hens
on April 28 last. Results obtained were : —
Descri lotion of Eggs.
bo
-'^
d
a
Q
a
a>
B
Q
'V
$
C o
s
O
a;
Remarks.
Faverolle
14
24
24
24
2
6
8
3
5
4
18
2
1
2
1
3
3
2
6
9
6
2
43
37i
29
8i
Strong chickens.
Buff Orpington
White M
S. G. Dorkings
Weak chickens.
Total
86
16
30
8
9
23
26^
254
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD Vil,, A. 1906
Test No. 5. — The eggs as described in following table were from Experimental
Farm stock. They were set under hens on April 28 last. Particulars are : —
Description of P!ggs.
6
1
bo
to
"o
6
T
o
O
D
5
to
s
o
Remarks.
Barred P. R,ock .
2
3
5
5
20
34
12
12
13
13
12
13
1
1
2
3
0
4
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
0
6
8
8
G
10
7
50
f)Gi
Gil
4G"
83^
54
White
j- 53| per cf nt.
S. L. Wyandotte
Barred P. Rock
Total
75
11
10
9
43
GO
REPORT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
255
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256
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
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REPORT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER
257
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
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258
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VI!., A. 1906
FERTILIZATIOX AFTER MATING.
. In report of last year several instances are given with the object of showing hov.'
long after the removal of the male bird from the breeding pen, the effect of fertiliza-
tion was strong enough to hatch strong chickens. The limit was found to be the
eighth day. In the following table results are given to show how soon after mating
the cock bird with the hens fertilization was sufficiently strong to hatch out vigorous
chickens.
Date and Hour
of
First Matinpr.
Date.
May
29.
2!),
29.
29.
29.
29.
29.
29
29'
Hour.
3.1(5 D.m.
0.00 ■ „ .
3.00 „ .
3.45 M .
k.05 M .
3.18 M .
3.53 M .
4.45 M .
3.02 M .
Number of Nuinber of
Hours Hours
between First
Mating
and laying
of
First Egg.
18.15 M.
'2c'.35'm.
17.05 M.
'i7'.26'M.'
between First
Mating
and laying of
First
Fertile Egg.
54.10 M.
'65.46'm.'
42.18 M.
41.08 M.
39.15 M.
41.50 M.
Remarks.
A strong, healthy chicken hatched.
The first fertile egg was laid on fifth day after
This egg was broken in turning. [mating.
Egg fertile ninth day after mating.
II fourth II
Strong chickens hatched.
In the above experiment pullets only were put into the breeding pen.
NUMBER OF EGGS LAID DURING THE YEAR.
The following number of eggs were laid during the different months of the past
year : —
December, 1904 391
January, 1905 986
February 1,386
March 2,162
April 3,001
May 2,912
June.. -. 2,201
July 1,116
August 310
September 218
October 1S2
November 355
15,223
EGGS LAID IX SIX MONTHS. OLD HENS VS. PULLETS.
The following table shows the number of eggs laid by old hens and pullets of
different breeds during the first six months of the year. Eesults convey some useful
and interesting lessons which are noted in a later page. The rations used and method
of feeding them will be found effective in the winter production of eggs.
REPORT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER
259
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Results of Six Months Egg-laying by Pullets and Old Hens.
No.
Variety.
Buff Orpingfton
White Leghorn
S. Ct. Dorkings
Black Minnrcas
White Leghorns. . . .
Buff Leghorns
Black Hambiirgs
S. S. Ham burgs . . . .
S. L. Wyandottes.. .
Buff Orpingtons. . . .
White Wyandottes..
B. P. Rocks
White Wyandottes.
Age.
Totals.
3 years old
Pullets
2 and 3 years old
Pullets
2 and 3 years old
Pullets
1, 3 and 4 years old
1 and 2 years old
2 years old
PuUets
3 years old
Pullets, late
90
142
09
54
25
62
25
39
SO
lie
91
53
16
52
63
43
28 i 54
8i'.: 103
58! 51
01 50
8 75
G92! 848
150
122
94
76
75
58
84
49
54
85
101
268
237
1,453
40
185
95
136
129
112
122
95
72
103
102
349
304
1,85?
01
a
3
^t
1-3
70
71
178
135
73
52
180
119
143
111
112
85
173
120
108
f-'7
60
28
38
67
117
84
300
228
304
292
1,856
1,479
511
878
474
618
499
481
587
421
296
482
513
1,201
1,220
8,181
* These pullets were in a poultry house with scratching shed attachment,
windows of the scratching shed were open on fine days during winter.
No artificial heat. The
Some deductions from the above record are noted as follows : —
Ten White Wyandotte hens, 3 years of age, laid more eggs than the same number
of Buff Orpington pvillets.
Eleven White Leghorn hens, two and three years of age, laid more eggs than the
same number of Buff Leghorn pullets.
In both the foregoing cases it is likely that the older hens were of a better egg
laying strain than the pullets. But experience has shown that it is advisable not to
arrive at a hasty decision in this respect for in several instances it has been noticed
that poor egg laying pullets made admirable layers the year after, when hens. In
connection with this feature it is remarked on page 239 of 1904 report, under the
caption, ' Are fowls as good layers one season as another ? ' as follows : ' Records of
egg laying by pullets and hens in our department, extending over eight years, go to
show that pullets which laid well during their first winter did not make as good layers
the next, when hens.' It was also shown that poor egg laying pullets made admirable
layers when hens the next year. It will be interesting to note if the selection by trap
nests of the best layers from year to year will overcome this feature. As a further
means of obtaining data on the subject two breeding pens each of 6 White Leghorn
pullets and cock bird, have been placed side by side. The pullets and cock bird in one
pen are from parent stock which the trap nests have shown to be poor layers, and the"
pullets and cock bird in the other by the same agency have been noted as excellent
layers. Useful results are anticipated.
Another lesson pointed out is that the majority of 23 Barred Plymouth Rock, and
same number of Wliite Wyandotte pidlets did not begin to lay imtil March. They
were actually unproductive during the winter months of highest prices. The coldness
of the house may be advanced as a reason for their non-laying, and to a certain extent
it doubtless retarded their growth and rapid maturity. But these pullets should have
been well developed and laj'ing before going into winter quarters, and these results
can only be attained by early hatching. Again, the pullets came from parent stock
which had not been accustomed to cold quarters. This, in combination with late
hatching, would certainly be deterrent to early winter laying.
Remedies for the latter and other undesirable featvires shown by the record are
suggested as follows: —
16— m
260 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDVv'ARD VII., A. 1S06
To secure early •wanter layers in either cold or partly warmed houses the pullets
should be hatched early and come from strong and vigorous parent stock.
To have prolific layers of large eggs in either unheated or partly warmed houses,
the pullets should come from hens which have proved to be good layers of large eggs.
As a m.eans to this end trap nests — the operations of which are described in pre-
ceding pages — are coming into more g neral use.
A WINTER EGG-PRODUCING RATION AND METHOD OF FEEDING IT.
The rations which, were fed to the fowls enumerated in foregoing record, and
manner of using them were as follows. Both will be found effective in the winter
production of eggs, about which there are numerous and frequent inquiries :
A. M. Ration. — Wheat or buckwheat alone or mixed with oats. This should be
scattered in the litter on the floor in order to incite the fowls to exercise in searching
for it.
11 A.M. — Steamed lawn clippings, 3 times per week. Other days roots or
vegetables.
[Noon. — A few. hands full of oats thrown into each pen, if necessary to keep the
fowls in exercise. Three times per week cut green bones in the proportion of one
pound to 15 hens, took the place of the oats.
P. M. Ration. — Mash three times per week in such quantity as would be eaten up
clean. Observation has shown that when mash was fed at the morning ration there
was a tendency on the part of the fowls to eat so much of it as to make them disin-
clined for exercise. On the other hand, w.here fowls are kept in unheated houses in
parts of the country where the winters are cold a small quantity of mash in the morn-
ing would probably be warming, and an incentive to egg production. In our depart-
ment it has been the practice to vary the composition of the rations occasionally as well
as times of feeding them. As a result, it has been shown that where there is such
variety there is little likelihood of egg eating or feather picking.
Fresh water, grit and broken oyster shells were before the fowls at all times, as
they should always be. The mash was composed as follows : —
Shorts, two parts.
Ground oats, one part.
Gluten meal, one part.
Occasionally small potatoes were boiled and used as a part, with evident benefit
REPORT OF THE POULTRY MANAGER
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Stock on Haxd December 1, 1905.
261
Breed.
Barred Plymouth Rocks
White Plymouth Rocks.
Buif Orpingtons ...
White Leghorns.
Black Minorcas
Silver Laced Wyandottes
Buff Leghorns .
Mixed
Buff Orpingtons.
W^hite Leghorns
Black Minorcas. .
Mi.xed
y Black Hainburgs.
White Leghorns . . .
Barred Plymouth Rocks
Light Brahmas
Mixed
Buff Orpingtons
White Orpingtons
Barred Plymouth Rocks
Faverolles
Silver Grey Dorkings . . .
Black Minorcas
Crosses
Mixed
Barred Plymouth Rocks
White Wyandottes
Barred Plymouth Rocks
White Wyandottes
Total.
12
6
16
16
123
63
o
P-i
1
1
11
1
11
"i'
is
12
9
2
4
4
5
4
4
5
4
156
Remarks.
2 Wh. Leghorns, 1 Bl. Minorca and
1 Bl. Hamburg.
2 Wh. Leghorns, 2 Wh. Ply. Rocks.
1 S. L. Wy.. 1 Wli. Ply. R., 1 Wy.
1 Bl. Min.; 1 Buff Orp.
1 Bl. Minorcas, 2 Wh. Wyandottes.
Capons, 2 S. L. Wy., 1 W. Leghorn.
Wh. Wy., 6 Wh. Orp., 1 Wh. P. R.
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A. 1906
Nappax, N.S., November 30, 1905.
To Dr. Wm. Saunders, C.IT.G.,
Director Dominion Experimental Farms.
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report of operations on the
experimental farm for the maritime provinces at iSTappan, jST.S.
The past season, although much more satisfactory than the season of 1904, has
not been all that might be desired for crop growing. Spring came in rather late, with
continued wet weather, although no great amount of rainfall, which, although retarding
seeding operations, proved quite favourable to the growth of hay and grass. From
June 20, to about the same date in July the weather was about all that could be
desired, and all crops made great growth during this period. From this to the end of
the growing season the drouth became more and more pronounced, reducing somewhat
the apparently assured heavy grain crops, and even more so in the case of roots that
usually make such a great proportion of their growth after September 15, they making
practically none after this date, left only a fair crop. Aftermath and pasture was
particularly poor, while the new take of clover and grass, that early in the season gave
good promise, were in most places seriously damaged.
Following the custom of applying the tuberculin test to the herds from time to
time at the experimental farms, it was decided to apply this test, although no symptoms
had occurred to awaken suspicion that any of the animals might be affected. Accord-
ingly tuberculin was applied for to the department, and arrangements made with Dr.
F. G. Hall, V.S., Amherst, N.S., to test the herd, which was done on May 18 and 19,
with the result that a very large proportion reacted or were suspicious.
This report being submitted to yourself, instructions were received to dispose of
none of the products of those affected animals, to isolate those shown to be healthy, and
that arrangements would be made by the department to have them tested again when
a sufficient number of months had elapsed to insure reliability of second test.
Accordingly the second test was made by Dr. J. Frink, V.S., St. John, N.B., on
October 11 and 12, which resulted in practically the same finding as the previous test.
As a result of both tests, out of a total of 71 head tested, only 14 were found that
did not react either in one or other of the tests, 8 others reacted in the former and not
the latter test, leaving 49 head reacting in both tests, May 18 and 19, and October
11 and 12.
I wish again to acknowledge my indebtedness for valuable assistance rendered by
Mr. J. Thomas Coates, farm foreman, who has kept all records of crop exi>eriments,
and to Mr. E. Donaldson, herdsman, who has kept all records of live stock experiments,
each doing so in a careful and painstaking manner.
"WEATHER.
December commenced dull and open, followed by cool, bright weather to the middle
of the month, except on the 6th and 8th, when there was a light fall of snow. The
balance of the month was more or less broken with light snowstorms. A snowfall on
the 18th made fairly good sleighing, and on the 2Gth improved the going in sleighs,
which continued to the end of the month. The thermometer went to zero on the 16th,
and registered below zero at night, from the 22nd to the 27th 14° below zero, the lowest
for the month was on the 27th, and on the 31st the mercury fell to 8° below zero.
January commenced with sleighing, which continued until the first of April. The
first part of the month was somewhat broken by light snow storms, the latter part of
the month, however, was noted for many heavy storms, some of which blocked the roads
263
264 EXPElilMEyTAL FARMS
5-5 EDWARD Vll., A. 1'j06
very badly. The thermometer registered below zero eleven times during the month,
the lowest for some years being 31° below zero on the 15th,
The first week in February was fine, with the thermometer below zero much of the
time. The remainder of February was also cold, but unusually stormy, with high
winds. Roads were impassable much of the time, and railway traffic was su.spended for
several days. The mercury went below zero point at nine different dates during the
month. Generally speaking, the month was the most stormy of any experienced here
during the past 30 years.
The first of March opened mild, but was followed by cold, fine weather until the
8th. Snow then went rapidly for a few days, followed by exceptionally cold weather,
the glass recording 14° and 15° below zero on the 14tli and 15th respectively. The
balance of March was fine, with some mild weather, and the large quantity of snow
gradually went away without the usual freshets. Towards the last of the month the
roads were bad and sleighing was about broken iip.
The first of the month of April was fine and quite mild, with not nearly the nsual
amount of rain; this also assisted materially in preventing the usual spring freshets.
The remainder of April was fine, with some light rains, but the sky was usually over-
cast, preventing many bright days. The total rainfall for the month was only 1 '24
inches, of which 1 -02 fell on the 21st and 22nd.
The rainfall during May was greater than usual, and was pretty well distributed
over the whole month. Rain fell on eleven different dates during the month. The con-
tinued wet weather, together with a somewhat lower temperature than usual, prevented
the usual amount of field work from being done, and made farm work and plant growth
backward. The first seeding was done May 1. This, however, was followed by wet
weather and the ground was not fit to work again until the 4th. Seeding was con-
tinued on the 5th and 6th, but on account of rain no seed was again so^vn until the
13th, when seeding continued uninterrupted to the 17th. The balance of May, after
the 20th, was favourable for getting spring work done. Very high winds prevailed
on the 25th and 2Gth. The thermometer registered frost on six different nights during
the month.
On June 7, in the early morning, the thermometer registered 5° of frost. This
frost did considerable damage to tender plants, also to fruits which were then in full
bloom. The first part of June was more or less broken with showery weather. Rain is
recorded on twelve different dates. Exceptionally fine weather prevailed from the 16th
to 26th. The temperature was about the average during this month, and crops that
had such a backward appearance early, forced rapidly ahead during the latter part
of the month. Only once during the month did the temperature go above 78°, and
that was on the 15th when 81° was registered.
The rainfall during July was light, and only on six dates did rain fall, which
totalled only 1 -56 inches. July was about as warm as usual, but was not so high in
temperature as during the previous year. The crops made exceptionally good growth
during the first part of the month, and the hay crop was above an average. The grain
crops, however, suffered greatly for want of rain during the last of the month. The
thermometer went to 80° or above on the 8th, 10th, 12th, 13th, 15th, 19th and 29th,
when 81°, 82°, 82°, 80°, 80°, 83° and 81° was registered respectively.
August was unusually dry, the only rainfall during the month of any consequence,
was on the 6th and 7th of -62 inches, and on the 30th when -59 inches fell. The tota.1
rainfall for the month was 1 •53 inches. Grain crops were very materially reduced in
yield, and root crops got a severe set back owing to the prolonged dry weather. The
average temperature for the month was the same as the previous year. The ther-
mometer registered 80° or above 80° on the 4th, Gth, 8th, 10th, 11th, 12th and 22nd,
when 80°, 80°, 81°, 81°, 82° and 81° was registered respectively. On the early morn-
ing of the 15th the temperature fell to freezing point in some parts of the maritime
provinces and did great damage to corn, potatoes, buckwheat and other tender plants.
Our thermometer registered only 38°, six degrees from freezing.
REPORT OF MR. R. ROB,ERTSON
265
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
'ihe month of September was more or less broken with showery weather, the
heaviest rainfalls, however, were registered on the 4th, 6th, 14th and 26th, when 1-33
inches of ram fell. The weather conditions outside of these days permitted of getting
gram harvested in a satisfactory manner. No frosts were recorded here during Sep-
tember.
October was unusually dry and fine weather continued almost all of the month,
the rainfall being only 1 -29 inches in all. No frost was recorded up to the 11th and
12th, when 5° and 7° respectively were recorded. Frost was again recorded on the
23rd.
The month of November was also unusually fine most of the time, with frequent
light rains up to the 15th, 16th and ITth, 2-10 inches falling on those dates. Dry
weather then continued until the 29th, when 1 -61 inches of rain fell. Very little frost
was recorded in this month until the 15th, ^ when the mercury fell to 5° below zero.
From the 19th to 22nd slight frosts were recorded and from the 2Tth to the end of the
month, frost was recorded each day, while on the 29th 54° was also recorded, being only
one degree below the warmest record for the month.
Bain fall.
1905.
April 1-24 inches.
May 3-02 "
June 3:30 "'
July 1-56 "
August 1-53 "
September 3-38 "
October. 1-29 "
November 4*72 "
1904.
2-92
inches
1-76
C(
1-74
li
2-15
a
3-51
ii
4-52
i(
5-00
i(
3-39
u
20-04 " 24-99 "
METEOROLOGICAL RECORD.
The maximum and minimum thermometrical observations for the year beginning''
December 1, 1904, and ending November 30, 1905 : —
Month.
1904.
December
190.J
January 1st and 10th, 35° above zero luth, 31°
February
March . .
April . . .
May ....
June ....
Maximum.
1st, 38° above zero.
Minimum.
27th, 14° below zero.
July 1 19th, 83°
13tli, 38° above zero .
3(ith, 50°
29th, 66°
-29th, 73°
I5th, 81°
Augr'jst .
September .
October. . . .
November.
12th, 82°
11th, 74°
5th, G8°
2oth, 55°
Gth, 18°
15th, 15°
3rd, 20° above :
13th, 22°
7tl., 27°
Srd, 4 j"
IGth, 3S°
••^Oth, 33°
27th, 17°
15th, 5° below zero.
EXPERIMENTS WITH OATS.
Experiments were again continued this year with the leading sorts of oats which
were grown in uniform test plots of one- fortieth acre each. Thirty-nine varieties were
included in this test. The plots received the same treatment and were on soil practi-
cally uniform throughout.
The ground was a clay loam, on which clover hay was grown the previous year
266
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
(1904). Grain in 1903 and roots in 1902 for which crop 20 one-horse cart loads of
barnyard manure per acre was used. The land was ploughed in the fall and a very-
light crop of aftermath turned under. This spring it was harrowed with spring tooth,
disc and smoothing harrows until a fine tilth was made. The seed was sown on May
15 with the seed drill at the rate of 2^ bushels per acre. This ground was also seeded
down to clover and timothy at the rate of 7 lbs. Mammoth Eed clover, 3 lbs. alsike and
12 lbs. timothy seed per acre, by means of a grass seed attachment to the grain seeder.
The grain was selected heads of the previous season^'s crop, being cut from the various
plots at harvest time.
JSTo fertilizer was used on these plots this season. The grain started rather slowly
and in some places weeds got somewhat of a start, grass seed and clover also started
fairly well; although not growing fast this grain always retained quite a deep, dark
colour and from about the first of June to the middle of July made very good growth,
from this time until ripe, the continued dry weather had the effect of reducing the pros-
pects of a large crop. The straw was stiif and very clean, with no rust whatever, but
quite a few heads of smut were noticed. The following yields were obtained from
these plots : —
Oats — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
1 Improved Ligowo. . . . Aug:.
2 Mennonite
3 Twentieth Century. .
4 Joanette.
5 Siberian
6 Thousand Dollar
7 Black I'eauty
8 Bavarian
9 Pioneer
lo' Sensation
11 Waverley
12 Lincoln
13 Banner
14 Swedish Selecte'l
15 Improved American.
16 Golden Giant .......
17 Buckbee's Illinois . . .
18 Olive Black
19 1 Golden Beauty
20Goldfinder
2llDani.sh Island
22|Golden Fleece
23jHol.stein Prolific
24 Kendal White
25 White Giant
26iColurabus
27lGolden Tartarian
28j American Beauty
29 Abundance
301 American Triumph. . .
31:StormKing
32 Wide Awake
.33 Irish Victor
34; Kendal Black
35'Tartar King
36iMilford Black
37Milford White
38 Early Golden Prolific,
39; Scotch Potato
91)
9
99
99
lOi
100
98
.9
Co
Inches.
40 to 45
41 „ 46
231 100
21 1 98
221
22
23
22
22
2i
26
26
28
23
28
23
26
23
28
23
24
29
28
23
29
23
24
23
28
23
2(
20
26
23
99
99
100
9!
99
101
103
103
105
100
105
100
103
100
105
100
101
106
105
100
100
100
101
100
105
100
103
103
103
100
42 „
40 M
42 „
40 M
40 „
40 „
40 „
40 „
42 „
42 ,
42 ,
40 ,
42 ,
40 ,
42 ,
40 ,
40 ,
40 ,
40 ,
40 ,
40 ,
42 ,
40 -
40
38
40
42
44
42
42
40
42
41
40
3S
42
40
46
44
46
45
44
46
44
45
46
46
46
46
46
46
46
45
45
44
45
45
44
, 47
, 43
, 45
, 42
, 45
■ 46
, 48
, 47
■ 46
, 44
, 40
, 45
, 46
, 42
, 46
, 44
Inches.
5 to i
6 M i
6 ,. i
6 „ !
0 „ !
6 M I
5 „ 1
5 n i
6 „ '
5 M
6
6
6
6
7
8
6
6
5
6
5
5
6
Kind of
Head.
Branching.
8
9
8
9
11 Sided
8! Branching.
9lSided
7
8
7
Branching.
8
10 Sided
7 Branching.
7
10
Sided ....
Branching
Sided
Branching.
Sided
Branching.
Lbs.
5,000
4,800
4,840
5,400
4,680
4,680
5,400
4,520
5,040
4,680
4,720
4,600
4,800
4,600
4,600
3,320
3,040
3,480
4,280
3,040
3,400
4,040
3,800
3,240
3,320
2,.520
3,800
3,280
4,400
4,680
3,000
3,680
3,000
3,880
3,000
3,000
3,920
3,040
3.080
3 .£
pq ^J
92 32
90 20
85 30
83 18
82 12
80 0
80 0
78 28
77 22
77 2
70 16
75 .30
75 10
(DM -
Sm ■ —
3 C
Lbs,
74
72
Smutted.
Slightly.
72 32
70 20
70 0
69 14i
67 2,
05 30
65 10
65 10
64 14
62 32
62 32 1
62 12
61 6
58 28
57 22
57 22
56 16
56 16
55 10
50 20
47 2
46 16
45 30
45 30
Badly.
Slightly.
35i
34'
36i
34
33^^
36i
344
34"
35
37
36
35
34^
37i
33J
30A,
36'
30J
34
33
35
35
341
33i
Si'
32
34i
33'
31 f
36
35
34
37
37^
37?
37l
34 [Slightly.
33^ Badly.
Badly.
Slightly.
Badly,
REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON
267
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
EXPERIMENTS WITH BARLEY.
Eighteen varieties of six-rowed and fifteen varieties of two-rowed barley were
sown in uniform plots on one-fortieth acre each, on May 16. The land was a clay
loam that had been in clover hay the previous year (1904), in grain in 1903 and roots
in 1902, for which crop barnyard manure at the rate of 20 one-horse cart loads per
acre was used. No manure or fertilizer of any kind has been applied since. This
land was ploughed in the autumn and a very light crop of aftermath turned under and
was worked up in the spring with spring-tooth, disc and smoothing harrows, and sown
with seed selected from the previous year's crop by cutting picked heads at harvest
time.
The grain was sown with the seed drill at the rate of 2 bushels per acre, and at the
-S&\ne time there was also sown 7 lbs. Mammoth Red clover, 3 lbs. Alsike Clover and 12
^"bs. Timothy seed per acre. The grain made rather slow growth for s'ime time, lut
always retained a good healthy colour. Continued dry weather caused premature
ripening. There was no rust, but some heads of smut. The following yields were
obtained : —
Six-rowed Barley — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
Albert
Brome
Mensury
Common
Stella
Empire
Royal
Summit
9 Champion
10 Argyle . .
11 Trooper . . . .
12 Rennie's Improved .
ISOderbmch
14 Yale
15 Nugent .
16. Odessa
17|Claude
18 Mansfield
Date
of
ripening
Aug. 18
21
19
17
19
18
17
19
17
18
17
17
17
17
18
17
17
^5
94
97
95
93
93
94
93
95
93
94
93
93
93
93
94
93
93
Inches.
19 95
38 to
37 M
38 „
36 „
36 „
36 M
35 M
36 M
40 M
37 -
35 .,
33 „
36 M
35 M
32 „
36 „
33 „
37 M
Cbaracter
of
Straw.
Length
of
Head.
Stiff.
Medium .
Stiff
42
42
42
41
40
40
38
40
44 Medium.
42 Stiff
38i „
36,, ... .
40j Medium.
38;Stiff
35| „
40] Medium.
36 Stiff.. ..
39| ,
Inches.
2i to 3
2" „ 2i
3
2h
2i
3
2i
2i
3
3
2h
2i
3
2i
2i
3
2
Weight
of
Straw.
4,000
4,120
4,040
3,240
3,880
3,480
4,000
3,000
4,020
2,920
3, 200
3,640
3,620
3,080
2,520
3,280
2,480
2,680
Yield
per
Acre.
Lbs. Bush. lbs.
49 8
49 8
48 16
47 24
45 ..
41 32
39 8
38 36
38 16
37 24
34 28
34 28
34 8
33 16
31 32
31 12
31 12
30 40
Lbs.
52|
48
48
51
50|
51
51f
44
49i
51
50
50
50
49|
49
50
5U
268
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII
Two-rowed Barley — Test of Varieties.
A. 1906
Name of Variety.
Date
of
ripening
French Chevalier . .
Beaver ,
Danish Chevalier . .
Harvey
' Newton
i Logan
Jarvis
1 Gordon .
9, In vincible
10, Sidney
11 Dunham
12' Canadian Thorpe . .
ISlCIifford
14 Swedish Chevalier.
15! Stand well .
Aug. 10
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
21
18
19
21
19
21
21
SI
95
95
95
95
95
95
95
95
97
94
95
97
95
97
97
-CO
Inches.
32 to
32
30
40
38
40
40
36
30
36
36
40
35
20
36
Character
of
Straw.
Medium .
Stiff ....'.
Medium
Stiff
Length
of
Head.
Inches.
3 to 4
2 „ 3|
Weight
Straw.
Yield
per
Acre.
Lbs. Bush. lbs.
3,880
3,200!
4,040
4,080
3,600
3,880
3,720
3,080
3, ICO
4,000
3.800
3,680
2,600
3,000
2,440
44 28
43 16
42 44
39 8
38 36
38 16
36 32
35 40
35 20
35 . .
34 28
34 8
33 16
25 20
25 ..
■tctB
Lbs.
52^
52*
53
51i
51
50
50|
50*
48"
52*
51*
51*
50*
50|
48*
EXPERIMENTS WITH SPRING WHEAT.
Twenty-eight varieties of spring wheat were sown in plots one-fortieth acre each,
on land that was a light sandy loam, and had been in clover hay the previous season,
grain in 1903 and roots in 1902, for which crop 20 one-horse cart loads of stable
manure was used. The land was ploughed in the autumn and a light crop of s-econd-
growth clover turned under. This spring this was well worked up with spring tooth
and smoothing harrows, and sown with the drill seeder May 13, at the rate of If bushels
per acre, together with Mammoth Red Clover 7 lb., Alsike Clover 3 lb., and Timothy
seed 12 lb. "
Owing to the continued cold and wet weather this crop made rather a poor start
and weeds made fairly good headway, which had a decided influence on the result. No
rust was observ^ed but some smut was noticed. The following yields were obtained : —
REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON
269
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Spring Wheat — Test of Varieties.
.a
S
Name of Variety.
Date
of
Ripenin
a
II
d
O.S
Character
of
Straw.
Length
of
Head.
Kind
of
Head.
'5
Yield
per
Acre.
Weight per mea-
sured bushel
after cleaning.
1
Pringle's Cham plain . .
Monarch
1905.
Aug. 25
„ 29
„ 25
M 25
„ 25
„ 28
„ 29
M 29
„ 25
M 30
„ 25
„ 29
„ 29
„ 3C
M 29
,, 31
M 29
„ 26
M 30
,. 28
M 29
„ 26
M 30
„ 30
„ 31
,- 25
„ 22
„ 25
• 104
• 108
104
• 104
■ 104
■ 107
• 108
• 108
■ 104
• 109
104
• 108
• 108
• 109
• 108
• 110
• 108
• 105
• 109
• 107
• 108
■ 105
• 109
109
• 110
• 104
. 101
. 104
Inches.
38-43
40-45
36-42
36-40
40-43
40-44
40-44
40-44
36-40
36-40
38-42
40-44
40-45
38-42
40-45
36-40
36-42
38-42
39-42
38-42
38-43
34-38
40-42
40-44
3&-40
36-40
.SO- 35
30-35
3tifif
VIedium . .
Weak ..'.'
Inches.
2 -3i
2i-3|
2A-3i
2 "-2;^
2 -3"
m
?:?
2 -3
2 -3
2 -3^
2h-^
2"-3
21-4
2 -3
2 -3
2 -3
2 -3
2 3
2 -3i
2 -3
2 -3h
2 -3"
2 -3
2 -3
2 -3
li-2
Bearded . .
Beardless.
Bearded . .
Beardless .
Bearded . .
Beardless .
Bearded .
Beardless .
Bearded . .
Beardless .
Bearded . .
Beardless .
Bearded . .
Beardless.
Bearded . .
Lbs.
4,120
3,480
3,720
3,580
3,880
3,640
3,080
3,600
2,880
2,920
3,400
3,800
3,200
3,920
3,860
2,400
2,520
2,800
2,280
2,560
2,.'J20
2,280
2,200
3,0S0
2,520
2,280
2,000
2,020
W ^A
35 ..
34 40
34 ..
32 ..
31 20
30 40
30 40
30 ..
29 ..
28 20
28 ..
27 40
27 20
27 ..
26 40
26 ..
26 ..
25 20
25 ..
24 40
24 ..
20 40
20 20
20 .
20 ..
18 ..
14 ..
13 20
6?k
6l|
3
4
5
Preston
Bishop
Colorado
63
62
63
6
7
8
9
10
11
Stanley
McKendry's Fife
Laurel
Hungarian White
Hayne's Blue Stem. . .
Advance
61i
61
60
62
62
62
1?
White Fife
62
1.S
Clyde
61i
14
Power's Fife
62
15
16
17
18
19
Wellman's Fife
Australian No. 9. . . .
Countess
Dawn
Weldon
61
59^
61
61|
61
20
21
Red Fife
White Russian
Red Fern
60i
59i
62|
23
Q4
Minne.sota No. Vj?> . . .
Percy
60|
60|
25
Chester
Huron
6]|
61
''T
Early Riga
62
28
Herisson Bearded
63
EXPERIMENTS WITH MACARONI WHEAT.
Four varieties of Macaroni wheat were grown in plots of one-fortieth acre each,
alongside of the other wheat plots. The land was similar in character and received
the same treatment as in the wheat plots and was sown at the same time (May 13).
These varieties are separated from the other wheats on account of their inferior mill-
ing qualities. The following are the yields obtained : —
Macaroni Wheat — Test of Varieties.
60
a
^-6
i
Date
Character
Length
Kind
m
Yield
u
Name of Variety.
of
O
d
of
of
of
per
*^-a ^
Ripening.
If
Straw.
Head.
Head.
.bp
'S
Acre.
Weigh
sure
afte
X.
1905.
Inches.
Inches.
Lbs.
m 1-^
Lbs.
1
Roumanian
Aug. 30..
109
38-42
Medium. .
2 -2^
Beaided . .
2,280
22 ..
623
2.Goose
M 29..
108
34-40
II
H-2
II
1,720
17 20
63
3 Yellow Gharnovka. . .
„ 29..
108
35-41
1^,-2
2,320
16 40
62i
4
.. 29..
108
35-38
II
2 -2i
"
1,800
14 ..
62|
EXPERIMENTS WITH EMMER AND SPELT.
Two varieties each of Emmer and Spelt were sown May 13 in plots of one-fortieth
acre each. The land was similar to that on which the other wheats were, sown and re-
ceived the same treatment. The yield from these plots is given in pounds, as with the
270
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
ordinary threshing the chaff is not separated from the kernels as in other grain and
cannot well be compared with the other sorts which are threshed clean.
Emmer and Spelt — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
IRed Spelt ,
2| White Spelt ....
31 Red Emmer. . . .
4 Common Emmer
ti
r. C
>-■ b
Date
of
Ripening.
o
^
1905.
Sept. 2..
112
2..
112
Aug. 31..
110
M 31..
108
h^l-
Inches.
38-43
34-41
35-40
32-38
Character
of
Straw.
Stiff,
Length
of
Head.
Inches.
2 -3
2 -4
2 -3
U-2
Kind
Weight
of
of
Head.
Straw.
Lbs.
Beardless.
3, GOO
ti
3,000
Bearded . .
2,200
"
2,400
Yield
per
Acre.
. Lbs.
2,440
2,3G0
1,120
2,400
EXPERIMENTS WITH FIELD PEASE.
Thirty varieties of pease were sown in uniform plots of one-fortieth acre each, on
a clay loam. This was in a poor state of fertility, having been in pasture for many
years and no fertilizer having been applied for at least ten years. The land was
ploughed in the fall and worked up this spring with disc and s'pring-tooth harrows,
and sown with the drill seeder at the rate of from 2 to 3 bushels per acre, Mammoth
Eed clover being sown at the same time at the rate of 10 lbs. per acre.
The following yields per acre was obtained: —
Pease — Test of Varieties.
1
Name of Variety.
Date
of
Ripen-
ing.
Number
of
Days
Matur-
ing.
Character
of
Growth.
Length
of
Straw.
Length
of
Pod.
Size
of
Pea.
1 Yield
1 per
Acre.
Weight
per
Bushrl.
1
Sept. 9
9
„ 14
„ 11
2
2
„ 11
„ 13
„ 12
M 11
„ 12
2
9
M 11
,- n
G
,. 11
„ 11
n 14
2
M 11
„ 14
M 11
9
M 12
„ 13
„ 11
6
,. 14
u 12
109
109
114
111
102
102
111
113
102
111
112
102
109
111
111
lOG
111
111
114
102
111
114
111
109
112
113
111
lOG
114
112
Medium. .
Good ... .
Medium. .
Good .....
Medium . .
Good....!
Medium. .
Good...!;
IMedium, .
Good
Medium . .
Good
Medium. .
Good
Inches.
36-40
30-40
37-42
36-42
30-35
30-3G
36^2
34-38
29-33
34-38
35-40
28-32
33-37
33-37
34-35
34-38
34-40
35-40
38-42
30-36
34-38
30-34
36-41
33-38
35-44
34-38
36-40
33-3G
38-43
36-40
Inches.
2-3
14-2
li-2
2'-3
2 -2h
1 -2
2 -2i
U-2'
n-3
U-2
1^2
Medium.
Large . . .
Medium.
Large . . .
Sriiall '. '. '.
Medium.
.Small . . .
Medium.
Small . . .
Bush. Lbs.
39 20
3S ..
37 20
35 40
34 20
34 ..
34 ..
32 ..
31 40
31 2)
31 ..
30 40
30 ..
30 ..
28 20
28 ..
26 40
26 40
26 20
26 ..
26 ..
25 40
25 20
24 40
24 40
24 20
24 ..
24 ..
19 20
15 20
Lbs.
63i
0
Nelson
63i
3
4
IS
English Gray
Wliite Marrowfat
G3|
63
(\
White Wonder
G3i
7
8
q
Black Eye Marrowfat. . .
Duke
62
62
64
10
11
l**
Ficton . •
Prince Albert
63^
13
14
Daniel O'Rourke
64
63
15
Pride
l|-2 iMedium.
n-2h 1 .. .
2 -2* 1 „ .
63
IG
17
German White
Caflet'jn
63i
63i
18
19
20
21
22
2*^
Gregory
Mackay
Crown -
Wisconsin Blue
Pearl
K;ent
2 -3"
U-2
2 -2|
2 -2h
li-2-
2 -3
2 -2^
2 -2|
2 -3
2 -2i
2 -2h
Large . . .
Small . . .
Medium .
Large . . .
Small . . .
Large . . .
Medium .
Large . . .
62^
63
64
641
62
63
24
25
Prussian Blue
Agnes
63
62i
63
27
Prince ...
62
62
29
30
Macoun
623
62
REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON
271
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
EXPERIMENTS WITH BUCKWHEAT.
Five varieties of buckwheat were sown in uniform test plots of one-fortieth acre
each. They were sown June 20, and cut September 1 and 2. The land was a clay
loam that had been in clover and timothy the previous season. This land had received
a dressing of barnyard manure in 1902, when a crop of roots was grown. No fer-
tilizer of any kind was used since. The sod was ploughed in the fall of 1904 and
worked up well this spring. The following yields were obtained : —
Buckwheat.
Name of Variety.
Date of
Sowing'.
1 Siberian or Tartarian.
2 Kye Buckwheat
3 Gray Buckwheat
4 Japanese
5 Silverhnll
Date of
Ripening.
Sept.
4^
Length of
Straw.
Inches.
28-32
36-40
32-36
36-42
32-36
Character
of
Straw.
; Stiff.
Yield
per
Acre.
W
43
37
32
25
24
Weight
per
Bushel.
Lbs.
50
51
48
43
50
FIELD CEOPS OF GRAIN.
Seventeen acres of field grain was grown. Ten acres of which was in plots of two
acres each, the remrdning seven acres in one lot. The land was a clay loam, the pre-
vious crop having been roots and corn, for which crop barnyard manure at the rate of
20 tons per acre was used. The plots ran crosswise of the field, the roots and com
plots having been rim lengthwise of the field the previous year, consequently each grain
plot was on the like amount of root and c<A-n land. The land was ploughed in the
spring and well harrowed, after which the grain was so-um with the seed drill and with
3 bushels in the case of oats, 2 bushels in the case of barley and 3 bushels in the case of
mixed grain. Mammoth Red clover at the rate of 7 lbs.; Alsike clover, 3 lbs., and
Timothy seed 12 lbs. i)er acre was sown with this crop. The following is the crop har-
vested:—
Field Crops of Graix.
Crops.
2 Acres Odessa Barley sown May 29, cut Aug. 23
2 Acre.s Mixed Grain sown May 29, cut Aug. 24
2 Acres Sensation Oats sown May 29, cut Aug. 29
2 Acres Waverley Oats sown .June 1, cut September 5
2 Blk. Tartarian Oats sown June 1, cut September 8 . .
7 Acres Mixed Grain sown June 5, cut Sept. 5
Yield
per
Weight per
Acre.
Bushel.
Bush.
Lbs.
Lbs.
39
12
48
53
20
40
62
2
34
59
14
34
43
17
34
42
0
40
FIELD CROPS OF MIXED GRAIN.
Eight acres was sown with mixed oats, barley and pease. The land was a clay
loam in a very jwor state of fertility, not having received manure or fertilizer of any
kind for at least ten years. This crop was sown May 6 and cut August 23. The yield
was 30 bushels, 15 lbs. per acre, weighing 40 lbs. per bushel.
Five acres mixed grain was grov-m. The land was a light clay loam. The previous
crop was buckwheat, for which crop barnyard manure at the rate of 10 tons per acre
272
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDV\/ARD VII., A. 1903
was spread on tlie surface in tJae winter of 1904. The land was ploughed in the fall.
The crop was sown May 27 and cut August 31; Mammoth Red clover at the rate of
7 lbs., Alsike clover, 3 lbs. and Timothy seed, 12 lbs. per acre, was sown with this crop.
The following is the yield obtained : 33 bushels, 6 lbs. per acre, which weighed 40 lbs.
per bushel.
Three acres of mixed grain were sown on a clay loam field, that had previously
been in clover a light second crop having been turned under in the fall of 1904. The
ground was well worked up in the spring and sown May 17, cut August 21. With this
crop was sown Mammoth Eed clover at the rate of 7 lbs., Alsike 3 lbs. and Timothy
seed, 12 lbs. per acre. This field gave a yield of 61 bushels per acre at 40 lbs. per
bushel.
EXPERIMENTS WITH INDIAN CORN.
Twenty varieties of Indian corn were sown in rows 36 inches apart, and also in
hills 36 inches apart each way. The land was a clay loam that had been pianured in
1900, for a root crop grown that year, followed with grain, 1901; clover hay, 1902;
grain again, 1903, and clover hay again in 1904. Stable manure at the rate of about
twenty tons per acre was spread on the sod in the fall of 1904, and was ploughed under
together with a heavy crop of grass. Early in June, just before planting, this was
worked up into a good condition of tilth, when complete fertilizer at the rate of 300
lbs. per acre was sown broadcast and harrowed in. The corn was planted June 9, by
hand machine. When the plants were about 6 inches high they were thinned out,
leaving them from 4 to 6 inches apart in the rows, and from 5 to 8 plants in each hill.
The land was gone over with a very light harrow before the plants came up, and three
times with the Breed weeder in the next two weeks, and three times with the cultivator.
From the first this crop made very satisfactory growth, and at 60 days from
coming through the ground, measured in many places 90 inches in height. The latter
part of the season was not so favourable for growth. The following yields were ob-
tained : —
India:n Corn — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
HeiKbt.
Thoroughbred White Flint.
Eureka
Red Cob Ensilage
Salzer's All Gold
Pride of the North
Longfellow
Early Mastodon
Selected Learning
Giant Prolific Ensilage
Cloud's Early Yellow
Evergreen Sugar
Early Butler
Angel of Midnight
Compton's Early
North Dakota White ,
King Philip ,
Mammoth Cuban
Superior Fcddcr
Champion Whice Pearl. . . .
White Cap Yellow Dent . .
Inches.
93
96
98
98
100
80
9/-
94
96
100
88
92
80
80
82
85
96
94
102
94
When
Tassfclled.
Sept.
Sept.
Aug.
Sept.
Sept.
Aug.
Sept.
In Silk.
Sept, 1
Sept.
10
Condition
when cut.
Tasselled . ,
Late milk. .
Early milk.
Tasselled . .
Early milk.
Late milk. .
In milk. . . .
Watery. . . .
Tasselled . .
Weight per
acre
grown in
rows.
Tons. Lbs.
,600
850
,200
670
450
2(t
,700
,830
950
70
,850
,520
,460
,320
.100
770
770
250
150
,400
Weight per
acre
grown in
hills.
Tons. Lbs.
1,500
1,1.50
800
1,170
1.900
1,100
1,050
550
130
1,470
1,370
570
350
220
200
900
370
],270
1,050
300
REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 273
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
INDUN CORX SOWN AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES APART.
Experiments were again carried on this year with corn planted at different dis-
tances apart. The land was similar to that in the uniform test plots, and had the
same treatment. Three varieties were used. The corn was planted June 9 and cut
September 27. The following table gives the names of the varieties used, the distances
apart in the rows, and the yield obtained. The plots were one- fortieth acre each : —
Name of Variety.
Distance
Apart.
Yield per
acre.
Champion "White Pearl
Inches.
42
35
28
21
42
35
28
21
42
35
28
21
Tons.
14
17
15
13
16
16
16
14
20
22
21
18
Lbs.
300
200
It 11
200
n
100
Selected Learning.
200
900
300
710
Longfellow
1 500
1, 100
„
500
„
460
FIELD CEOP OF INDIAN CORN.
Three acres of Indian corn was grown in six plots of one-half acre each. The
land was a clay loam in a good state of fertility, and had been in clover hay the pre-
vious year. For five of these plots the aftermath was left growing until early in June.
Manure at the rate of 20 tons per acre had been spread on the grass as early as pos-
sible in the spring, and early in June this was ploughed under along with a heavy crop
of grass. One plot of one-half acre was ploughed last fall and manure spread on it
at the rate of 20 tons per acre this spring, and well worked in with the spade harrow
before sowing, the object being to compare the results of these two methods of treat-
ment. The variety known as Longfellow was used for this latter plot.
To one-half acre each of Compton's Early and Dakota White was added commer-
cial fertilizer at the rate of 250 lbs. per acre, another half acre of each was left with
manure alone. After ploughing, this was well worked up with disc, springtooth and
smoothing harrows and sown in rows 35 inches apart with the drill seeder on June 9.
The land was gone over once with a light smoothing harrow before the corn came up
and cultivated with the Breed weeder and one-horse cultivator six times throughout the
summer. This crop made very satisfactory growth. The following table shows the
results : —
16—18
274
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. !90S
Field Crop of Corn — Fertilizer Expekiment.
Name of Variety, how Fertilized, size of Plot.
North Dakota White.
\ acre — Manure 20 tons, commercial fertilizer 250 lbs. per acre.
I II Manure only
Cost of commercial fertilizer at $30 per ton .$ 3.75 per acre.
Value of gain in crop over manure only, 1 ton 400 lbs. per acre
at $2 per ton 2.40
Loss $1.35
Compton's Early.
-Manure 20 tons, commercial fertilizer 250 lbs. per acre
Manure only
Cost of commercial fertilizer at $30 per ton $ 3 . 75 per acre.
Value of gain in crop, 1,500 lbs. at $2 per ton . 1 . 50 n
i acre-
Loss . ,
-Ploughed in Fall . . .
Ploughed in Spring
Fall versus Spring Ploughing.
Longfelloio.
... $2.25
Yield per
Acre.
Tuns. Lbs.
1,8C0
1,4C0
17
17
1,850
350
20 1,880
18 290
EXPERIMENTS WITH TURNIPS.
Twenty varieties of turnips were sown this year on a clay loam soil that had been
manured for roots in the season of 1900. Grain was grown in 1901, clover 1902, with
the second crop turned under and grain again in 1903. Clover in 1904, the aftermath
of this crop was ploughed under early last fall and cultivated twice with spade harrow.
In the spring this was again cultivated with spring tooth and disc harrows. Barnyard
manure was then spread on with a manure spreader at the rate of 20 tons per acre,
and ploughed under and again thoroughly cultivated. Complete fertilizer at the rate
of 500 lbs. per acre was then sown broadcast and harrowed in with the smoothing har-
row. Rows were made 24 inches apart and the plants thinned out to one foot apart in
the rows. The yield w.as calculated from the weight obtained from two rows each 66
feet long. The first plots were sown May 26, and a duplicate lot sown June 9, and all
pulled October 16. Until about October 1 this crop appeared to be particularly good,
but made little increase after that date, owing to severe and continued drouth. The
following were the results obtained: —
REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Turnips — Test of Varieties.
275
Name of Variety.
Magnum Bonum
Perfection Swede
Empire Swede. ....
Hartley's Bronze
Carter's Elephant
Skirvings . .
Good Luck
Drummond Purple Top
East Lothian
Selected Purple Top .
Juiiibo
Hall's Westbury
Bangholm Selected ....
Kangaroo
Elephant's Master
Mammoth Clyde
Hale wood's Bronze Top
Imperial Swede . ... . . .
New Century
Sutton's Champion ......
Yield per
Acre.
1st Plot.
Tons. Lbs .
43
41
41
40
40
39
39
39
39
39
38
37
37
35
35
35
35
35
34
34
944
688
80
1,G24
256
1,344
1,040
888
584
432
1,824
1,848
328
1,896
1,592
1,288
832
376
1,008
400
Yield per
Acre.
1st Plot.
Bush. Lbs .
1,449
1,378
1,368
1,360
1,337
1,322
1,317
1,314
1,309
1,307
1,297
1,264
1,238
1,198
1,193
1,188
1,180
1,172
1,150
1,140
24
36
24
20
48
44
12
4
8
48
16
12
8
32
56
Yield per
Acre.
2nd Plot.
Tons. Lbs .
37 632
29 1,128
29 1,888
28 1,456
22 1,904
27 1,328
28 240
24 1,248
25 1,984
26 440
31
28
31
28
31
776
696
624
392
116
28 1,000
28 1,.S04
27 1,936
26 488
28 1,000
Yield per
Acre.
2rid Plot.
Bush. Lbs.
1,243 52
985 28
998 8
957 36
965 4
922 8
937 20
820 48
866 24
874
1,046 16
944 56
1,043 44
939 52
1,035 16
950
955 4
923 16
874 48
950
FIELD CROPS OF TURXIPS.
Two and a half acres of turnips were sown in two lots of one acre each, and one lot
of one-half acre. The land was a clay loam in a good state of fertility. The previous
crop had heen clover hay. The sod was ploughed in the fall and well worked up; it
was again well worked up in the spring, and manure at the rate of 20 tons per acre
spread on and ploughed under, it was then gone over with spring-tooth and disc
harrows.
Each acre was divided into three parts, to one-third was added commercial fer-
tilizer at the rate of 5Q0 lbs. per acre, to another third at the rate of 250 lbs. per acre,
and one-third left with manure alone, this was spread on the surface and harrowed in
with the smoothing harrow, after which rows were run 26 inches apart, and the seed
sown June 7. This crop grew exceptionally well until the early autumn, when the con-
tinued extremely dry weather retarded the growth considerably. The crop was harvested
Nov. 4 and 6, with the following results : —
16— I8i
276
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
Field Crop of Turnips.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Name of Variety, how Fertilized, size of Plot, and date pulled.
Kangaroo — (Pulled November 6).
^ acre— Manure 20 tons, fertilizer 500 lbs. per acre
h
20
20
only
250
Cost per acre of 500 lbs. commercial fertilizer at $30 per ton ... $7 50
Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 50^ bush, at
6c. per bush 3 03
Loss per acre $4 47
Cost per acre of 250 lbs. commercial fertilizer at $30 per ton ... 3 75
Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 24^ bush, at
6c. per bush 1 47
Loss per acre $2 28
Best of 4^^— (Pulled November 6.)
J acre— Manure 20 tons, fertilizer 500 lbs. per acre
I „ „ 20 „ M 250
I M M 20 M only
Cost per acre of 500 lbs. commercial fertilizer at $30 per ton ... $7 50
Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 50 bush, at 6c. . 3 00
Loss per acre $4 00
Cost per acre of 250 lbs. commercial fertilizer at $30 per ton ... 3 75
Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 3| bush, at 6c. . 0 23
Loss per acre $3 52
Hartlcy^s Bronze — (Pulled November 4).
\ acre— Manure 20 tons, fertilizer 500 lbs. per acre
I I. » 20 .. only
Cost per acre of 500 lbs. fertilizer at $30 per ton $7 50
Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 9^ bush, at 6c. . 0 56
Loss per acre $6 04
Yield per
Acre.
Tons. Lbs.
29
29
28
26
25
25
29
29
1,685
]25
655
1,700
925
700
l,.^-20
968
Yield per
Acre.
Bush. Lbs.
994 45
968 45
944 15
805
848
845
45
992
982
Six acres of turnips were also grown in lots of one acre each. This land varied
very much, containing heavy clay loam, black muck, and sandy loam. These varieties
of soil ran across the field, while the plots ran the other way. This land was in grain,
1904, hay, 1903, and was in rather a poor state of fertility. It was ploughed in the fall,
worked up well this spring, after which barnyard manure at the rate of 20 tons per
acre was applied with the manure spreader, after which the land was ploughed again
and worked up well and sown in drills 26 inches apart. Six varieties were used.
Different quantities of commercial fertilizers were used to different parts of each acre.
The following table gives the particulars : —
REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Field Crop of Turnips — Concluded.
277
Name of Variety, how FertilizeJ, size of Plot, and date pulled.
Sutton's Charapion — (Pulled October 30).
h acre — Manure 20 tons, bone 500 lbs. per acre
I „ >. 20 M slag 500
I i. II 20 M no otlier fertilizer
Cost per acre of 509 lbs. bone at .?.30 per ton $7 50
Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only, 7 bush, at
6c 0 42
Loss per acre $7 92
Cost per acre of .500 lbs. slag at $21 per ton 5 25
Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 24 bush, at 6c. . 1 44
Loss per acre . . §3 81
Kangaroo — (Pulled October 31).
J acre — Manure 20 tons, fertilizer intense 500 lbs. per acre.
i M „ 20 „ slag 500 M
^ II M 20 II no other" fertilizer
Cost per acre of 500 lbs. intense fertilizer at S35 per ton $8 75
Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 23 bush, at 6c. . 1 38
Loss per acre 67 37
Cost per acre of 500 lbs. slag at $21 per ton 5 25
Value per acreof gain in crop over manure only 21^ bush, at 6c. . 1 29
Loss per acre , $3 97
Best of All— {PuWed November 1).
J acre — Manure 20 tons, fertilizer intense 500 lbs. per acre
4 ,1 I. 20 11 II 250 I,
I II II 20 II no other fertilizer ..
Cost per acre of 500 lbs. intense fertilizer at §35 per ton §8 75
Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 42 bush, at 6c. . 2 52
Loss per acre 66 23
Cost per acre of 250 lbs. intense fertilizer at .S35 per ton 4 38
Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 58 bush, at 6c. . 3 48
Loss per acre 60 90
Hartley's Bronze Top — (Pulled November 2).
^ acre — Manure 20 tons, fertilizer intense 500 lbs. per acre
I II II 20 M I, II 250 II
^ II II 20 II no other fertilizer
Cost per acre of 500 lbs. intense fertilizer at 635 per ton $8 75
Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 54 bush, at 6c. . 3 24
Loss per acre §5 51
Cost per acre of 250 lbs. intense fertilizer at 635 per ton 4 38
Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 58 bush, at 6c. . 3 48
Loss per acre 60 90
Magnum Bonum — (Pulled October 28).
i acre — Manure 20 tons, bone 500 lbs. per acre
i II ,1 20 II ashes 500 ,i
a I' " 20 II no other fertilizer
Cost per acre of 500 lbs. bone at 630 per ton $7 50
Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only 5^ bush, at 6c. . 0 33
Loss per acre $7 17
jE'7ftprcss— (Pulled October 23).
1 acre — Manure 20 tons ■.
Yield per
Acre.
Yield per
Acre.
Tons. Lbs.
24
25
24
660
520
1,080
24
570
809
30
24
480
808
23
1,190
786
30
20 1,580
20 926
19 1,030
24
1,440
824
24
1,710
823
23
200
770
19 1,600
Bush. Lbs,
811
842
818
693
682 6
650 30
30
21
1,320
720
21
990
716
30
21
870
714
30
660
278
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
EXPERIMENTS WITH MANGELS.
Seventeen varieties of mangels were sown in uniform test plots. The land was a
clay loam manured in 1900 for roots, followed by grain in 1901, clover and timothy in
1902, grain again in 1903, and clover hay in 1904. It was ploughed early last fall, and
a light coat of aftermath turned under, it was cultivated twice before winter and again
in the spring. Barnyard manure was then spread with the manure spreader at the
rate of 20 tons per acre; and ploughed under and again cultivated thoroughly. Com-
plete fertilizer at the rate of 500 lbs. i)er acre was then sown broadcast and harrowed in
with the smoothing harrow. Rows were made 24 inches apart, rolled down and sown
with the Planet Jr. hand seed drill, in bunches, 12 inches apart in the row and from
4 to 8 seeds in a bunch. When about 3 to 4 inches high they were thinned out, leaving
one plant in each spot. Two sowings were made of each variety, the first sowing was
on May 25 and the second on June 8. The mangels were all pulled on October 12.
The yield was calculated in each case from the weight of roots gathered from two rows
each 66 feet long. The following were the yields obtained : —
Name of Variety.
Mammoth Yellow Intermediate
Half Long Sugar White
Prize Mammoth Long Red. . .
Lion Yellow Intermediate
Giant Yellow Intermediate
Giant Yellow Globe .
Selected Yellow Globe
Yellow Intermediate
Prize Winner Yellow Globe.. . .
Half Long Sugar Rosy
Selected Mammoth Long Red . .
Triumph Yellow Globe
Ideal
Leviathan Long Red
Mammoth Long Red
Giant Sugar
Gate Post
Yield
per Acre.
1st Plot.
Tons.
Lbs.
31
31
31
1,992
1,088
77C
30
30
1,104
648
29
28
28
1,888
1,000
392
27
27
27
1,032
1,328
410
26
896
25
8
24
1,704
24
1,400
24
32
23
1,272
Yield
per Acre.
1st Plot.
Bush. Lbs .
1,066
1,001
1,046
1,018
1,010
998
950
939
927
922
900
881
833
828
823
800
787
Yield
per Acre.
2nd Plot.
26 744
21 256
21 104
19 1,824
23 360
25 8
25 920
19 730
19 1,970
20 260
18 1,544
21 1,016
21 560
15 1,920
18 1,S48
17 352
16 72
Yield
per Acre.
2nd Plot.
Tons. Lbs Bush. Lbs.
879
704
701
603
772
833
848
040
660
671
625
710
709
532
630
.572
534
4
10
44
44
40
28
40
io
20
44
50
2iJ
48
32
32
EIELD CROPS OF MANGELS.
Two and a half acres of mangels were gTown in two lots of one acre each, and one
lot of one-half acre. Three varieties were used. Yellow Globe, Yellow Intermediate
and Mammoth Long Red. The land was a clay loam, in a good state of fertility. The
previous crop was clover hay. The sod was ploughed in the early fall and worked up
twice with the spade harrow. In the spring it was again well worked up, after which
barnyard manure was spread on with the manure spreader at the rate of 20 tons per
acre, and ploughed under; this was then well worked up. To one-third of each acre
was added commercial fertilizer at the rate of 500 lbs. per acre, to another third at the
rate of 250 lbs. per acre, and one-third left with manure alone. The mangels were
sown in drills 26 inches apart. They were sown June 1, and harvested October 10 to
14. The following yield was obtained: —
REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
279
Name of Variety, how Fertilized, Size of Plot, Date Pulled.
Yellow Intermediate — (Pulled October 13).
^ acre, manure 20 tons, fertilizer 500 lbs. per acre .
i „ M 250 „
I II II no other fertilizer
Cost per acre of 500 lbs. fertilizer at S30 per ton $7 50
Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only, 27 bush, at
6cts , 162
Loss per acre S9 12
Cost per acre of 250 lbs fertilizer at $30 per ton §3 75
Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only, 56 bush, at
6cts 3 36
Loss per acre
Yclloiv Globe— (VuWed October 10).
$0 39
acre, manure 20 tons fertilizer 500 lbs. per acre .
250
II II no other fertilizer
Cost per acre of .500 lbs. fertilizer at $30 per ton $7 50
Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only, 572 bush, at
6cts 3 45
Loss per acre $4 05
Cost per acre of 250 lbs. fertilizer at $30 per ton . . $3 75
Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only, 13f bush, at
Gets $0 83
Loss per acre $2 92
Mamraoth Long Red — (Pulled October 14).
\ acre, manure 20 tons, fertilizer 500 lbs. per acre
jt^ II II 20 tons, no other fertilizer
Cf'st per acre of 500 lbs. fertilizer at $30 per ton $7 50
Value per acre of gain in crop over manure only, 49^ bush, at
6cts 2 9G
Loss per acre $4 54
Yield
per Acre.
Tons. Lbs.
21
24
22
1,200
180
820
20
19
1,360
400
Yield
per Acre.
Bush. Lbs.
720
803
747
22
700
745
21
75
701
15
20
1,250
687
30
689
640
20
EXPERIMENTS WITH SUGAR BEETS.
Eight varieties of sugar beets were sown. The land was similar to that on which
the mangels and turnips were sown, and it received the same treatment. Two sowings
were made of each sort, the first on May 25 and the second on June 8. The seed was
sown in rows 24 inches apart, in bunches 12 inches apart in the rows. When the plants
were about 3 to 4 inches high the bunches were thinned out to one plant in each place.
The whole crop was harvested October 13, and the yield calculated from the weight
obtained from two rows each 66 feet long.
280
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Sugar Beets — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
Red Top Sugar
Danish Red Top ....
Royal Giant
Im])roved Imperial.
Danish Improved. . . .
Wanzleben
Vilmorin's Improved
French Very Rich. . .
Yield
per Acre.
1st VU)t.
Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lbs.
Yield
))er Acre.
1st riot.
28
1,912
2H
1,000
27
1,176
24
336
23
824
16
1,592
16
1,440
14
120
965
950
919
805
780
559
557
468
Yield
per Acre.
2nd riot.
Yield
per Acre.
2nd Plot.
Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lbs.
19 912
15 1,464
15 1,592
17 960
19 304
12 168
12 1,232
11 344
648
520
559
582
638
402
420
372
32
24
52
40
24
48
32
24
EXPERIMENTS WITH CARROTS.
Ten varieties of carrots were under test. Two sowings were made of eacli sort, tht
first on May 25 and the second on June 8, in rows 24 inches apart, and thinned to about
3 inches apart in the rows. The ground was similar to that used for the turnip and
mangel plots, and received the same treatment. The crop was pulled October 17. The
yield was calculated from the weight of roots talven from two rows each 66 feet long.
The following table gives the yield per acre obtained: —
Carrots — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
Yield
per Acre.
1st Plot.
Yield
per Acre.
1st Plot.
I Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lbs.
1 Improved Short White ... . .
2 New White Intermediate
.S Giant White Vosges
4 Mammoth Wliite Intermediate.
5; Carter's Orange Giant
6;White Belgian
ZiOntario Champion
8 Long Yellow Stump-rooted . . . ,
9!Early Gem
10, Half Long Chantenay
19
19
18
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
304
0
1,544
1,392
1,240
784
24
808
504
200
G38
633
625
623
620
613
600
580
575
570
Yield
per Acre.
2nd Plot.
Y'ield
per Acre.
2nd Plot.
Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lbs.
12 1,683
12 320
11 1,712
12 1,080
344
1,864
344
800
1,736
40
42S
405
395
418
372
397
372
3S0
362
307
S
20
12
24
44
24
16
20
EXPERIMENTS WITH POTATOES.
Eorty-one varieties of potatoes were under test this year. The land w.as a clay
loam on which potatoes had been grown last year (1904), for which crop 20 one-horse
cart loads of barnyard manure had been spread on the previous autumn and ploughed
under, together with a fairly good growth of clover. Last fall this land was left without
ploughing after the potatoes were dug. This spring it was worked up well with spring-
tooth and spade harrow; ploughed and again worked up well. Rows were run 30 inches
apart and from 3 to 4 inches deep. Potato fertilizer at the rate of 400 lbs. per acre
was spread in the rows before planting. The sets were planted one foot apart in the
REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON
281
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
rows and covered with the drill plough. The tubers were cut so as to have from two to
three eyes in each set. The drills were harrowed down before the plants came up, to
kill the weeds, and again drilled up a few days later. The cultivator was run between
the rows about once a week until the vines were quite large. The field was hoed once
by hand. These plots were sprayed with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green three times.
There was no blight noticeable and no rot, but a considerable quantity of scab
was observed, more than has been seen here for many years.
The potatoes were planted May 31, and dug October 3 and 4. Each plot was two
rows 66 feet long and 30 inches wide. The following yields were obtained : —
Potatoes — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
Vermont Gold Coin . .
Morgan Seedling
Holbom Abundance
V^ick's Extra Early
[. X. L
Dooley
Empire State
American Wonder
Money Maker
Late Puritan
Carman No. 1
Delaware
Early Elkinah
Enormous
Rose No. 9
Early White Prize
Pearce
Pingree
Swiss Snowflake
Country Gentleman . . . .
Rochester Rose
Penn Manor
State of Maine
Canadian Beauty
Carman No. 3
Irish Cobler
American Giant
Maiile's Thoroughbred..
Seedling No. 7
Sabean's Elephant
Burcaby Mammoth . . . .
Uncle Sam
Everett
Cambridge Russet
Dreer's Standard
Bovee
Early Rose
Early St. George
Early Envoy
Reeve's Rose
Early Andes
Qualit}'.
Good.
Medium .
Good
Medium .
Good....
Medium .
Good...!
Medium .
Good.
■ Medium.
Good.
Total
Yield per
Acre.
Bush. Lbs.
512 36
484 0
477 24
424 36
41H 0
413 36
407 0
407
387
360 48
354 12
352 0
352 0
345 24
345 24
345 24
338 48
330 0
327 48
327 48
325 36
325 36
321 12
319 0
319 0
308 0
301 21
301 24
288 12
275 0
272 48
270 36
2G8 24
2GG 12
264 0
257 24
244 12
233 12
233 12
222 12
217 48
Yield
per
Acre
of
Market-
able.
Bush. Lbs.
444
24
413
36
396
0
374
0
363
0
380
36
347
36
341
0
330
0
303
36
297
0
292
36
281
36
305
48
299
42
272
48
270
36
272
48
253
0
237
36
268
24
253
0
272
48
264
0
244
12
248
36
235
24
224
24
222
12
209
0
213
24
209
0
211
12
182
36
182
36
184
48
178
12
167
12
138
36
162
48
151
48
Yield per
Acre of
Ui^market-
able.
Bush Lbs.
68 12
70 24
81 34
50 36
55 0
33 0
59 24
66 0
57 12
57 12
57 12
59 24
70 24
39 36
46 12
72 36
68 12
57 12
74 48
90 12
57 12
72 36
48 24
55 0
74 48
59 24
Form and Colour.
66
77
66
66
66
66
94
59 24
61 36
57 12
83 36
81 24
72 36
59 24
66 0
Round, flat, white.
Oblong, pink and white.
Round, white.
Long, pink and white.
Round It
Long, round, white.
II II
II white.
II pink and white.
Round, white.
Oblong, pink.
Round, white.
M dark pink.
Long, white.
Oblong, pink and white.
II white.
Round II
II pink and white.
Oblong, dark pink.
Long, pink.
Round, flat, white.
Long, pink and white.
Round, white.
Round, dark pink.
Oblong, pink.
II dark pink.
II white.
II pink and white.
Round, white.
II flat, white.
Oblong, white.
Round II
Oblong, pink and white.
Long, pink.
Oblong, pink.
Round, pink.
EXPERIMENTS IN INOCULATING CLOVER AND ALFALFA.
These experiments were carried on with seed treated and supplied from the Central
Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Two half-acre plots were used for the Red clover and
two for the Alfalfa, the seed for one plot in each case being treated with the culture of
282 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
bacteria, the other untreated. The land was in a poor state of fertility and supposed
to be deficient in clover bacteria, as practically no clover had been grown on this land
for quite a few years. For this reason this piece was selected, the claim being made
that the effect of the treatment would be more clearly manifest where these bacteria
were most deficient. Careful notes' were taken from time to time but there was no
perceptible difference between the plots sown with treated and untreated seed. A care-
ful examination of the roots was also made and with the same results, the clover in
each case having many more nodules than were found on the alfalfa.
A similar experiment was carried on in plots of one-twentieth of an acre each, on
a piece of land in a good state of fertility, that had grown a crop of beans the previ-
ous year, with similar results. At present there is a good stand of both clover and
alf aKa on this piece of land and it is being left without any other cover for the winter.
EXPERIMENTS WITH ALEALFA.
(Repeated from report of 1901^.)
A one-fortieth acre plot of alfalfa was sown early in June, 1902, with barley as a
nurse crop. The nurse crop was cut early in August. The plants only made fair
growth and during the following winter were killed out excepting a few plants. These
made very poor growth during the season of 1903, and now only two weak plants
remain.
In 1903 a similar plot was sown early in June, wheat being used as a nurse crop,
which was left uncut and allowed to remain as a protection during the winter. The
alfalfa plants made a good start and nearly all came through the winter, but made
very poor growth this season. A few plants of Red -clover that happened by chance to
get into this plot lived through the winlter and made exceptionally good growth. This
plot was cut twice through the summer, at which times the alfalfa was only from 4 to
6 inches high, while the few plants of Red clover in this plot were at least three times
that height. The soil of these two plots was a heavy clay, underdrained, in a fair
state of fertility and was well cultivated before sowing.
This season a plot of one-tenth acre of alfalfa was sown. The soil was a heavy
clay, underdrained, and in a good state of fertility. This land was ploughed May 13
and well worked up. It was again worked May 29, June 20 and 29 with the spring-
tooth and smoothing harrows. On July 7 this ground was again 'worked with the
spade, spring-tooth and smoothing harrows, and alfalfa sown at the rate of 25 lbs. per
acre with the grain seed drill. One-half of the plot was sown with wheat at the rate
of 2 bushels per acre as a nurse crop, and the other half with alfalfa alone. The
alfalfa on the plot without a nurse crop made a much more satisfa.Gtory growth than
that with the nurse crop, and was much better. than that of any former year. On
October 20 the growth of that sown alone averaged 10 to 12 inches, and ,that with the
nurse crop averaged only 5 to 7 inches. The.^nurse crop, which made ,a growth^ k)i
about 24 inches, was allowed to remain as a protection throughout the winter.
This spring (1905) what remained of the nurse crop was removed. No particular
difference was observed in the amount killed out either on that protected by the nurse
crop or that lanprotected, both growing fairly well in the early part of the season,
that sown without the nurse crop being always considerably the best. On June 29,
one one-hundredth of an acre of the best part of that which had no nurse crop was cut
and weighed green, weighing 125 lbs., this being at the rate of 6^ tons per acre, the
remainder being too light to admit of being cut. An equal measure of clover cut from
an adjoining field that had been sown about the same time the previous summ.er, gave
236 lbs., as against 125 lbs. of alfalfa.
REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 283
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
EXPEEIMEI^T WITH BEANS.
Three varieties of beans were sown with a view to test their relative value as a
fodder plant: Common Soja beans, early Soja beans and Velvet beans. The Velvet
beans did not come up, and seemed to rot in the ground. The following was the yield
of the others from plots of one-thirtieth of an acre: —
Variety. Yield per acre.
Soja beans (green) 1,035 lbs.
Soja beans (white) 475 "
Velvet beans (did not come up).
EXPERIMENTS WITH MILLET.
Six varieties of millet were grown in plots of one-fortieth acre each. The land
was a heavy clay loam in a rather poor state of fertility, not having had any manure
for some years. The ground was ploughed in the fall and well worked up in the
spring, and sown June 17. The crop was cut September 22. The following is the
yield per acre cut green : —
Yield per acre.
Variety. Tons. Lbs.
Italian 10 2S0
Algerian G 1,200
Green California 4 1,680
Moha Hungarian 3 680
White Eound French 3 200
Pearl or Cat Tail 1 600
CLOVEE EXPEEIMENTS.
Experiments were again conducted for the purpose of indicating the gain, if any,
from clover grown with grain crops and ploughed under as a fertilizer. These experi-
ments have been conducted on the same land for the same three years. No fertilizer
except the clover has been used. The soil was a clay loam, in a fair state of fertility.
Twelve plots of one- fortieth acre each were used in this experiment, four plots each of
oats, wheat and barley. In two of each (six in all) Mammoth Eed clover was
sown with the grain at the rate of 10 lbs. per acre. On the other six plots, no
clover was sown. The plots sown with clover were the same as had been sown with
clover in the previous years. The ground was ploughed in the spring and sown
May 27. The following yields were obtained : —
281
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
CLOVER EXPERIMENTS.
Name of Variety and how Seeded. Yield per acre.
Wellmans Fife Wheat. Bus. Lbs.
Xo. 1 Without clover 34 20
No. 2 With clover -^ 40
No. 3 Without clover 39
No. 4 With clover 41 40
Pioneer Oats.
No. 1 Without clover 41 6
No. 2 With clover 55 10
No. 3 Without clover 60
No. 4 With clover 60 29
Odessa Barley.
No. 1 Without clover "2 34
No. 2 With clover 37 44
No. 3 Without clover 38 26
No. 4 With clover 42 44
SPECIAL EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZERS.
Experiments with fertilizers of different kinds were co^ritinued for five years pre-
vious to 1904, it was then decided that further fertilizing of these plots should be dis-
continiied for a time, and the land seeded to grain to determine to what extent the
fertilizers already applied would continue to supply plant food for the crop. The field
was seeded entirely to grain of different sorts. Two plots of each kind w.as sown. In
one Mammoth Red clover was sown with grain, at the rate of 10 lbs. per acre, and in
the other the grain was sown alone, not seeded. This is the second year that this has
been done. The plots were one-eighth of an acre each. This ground was ploughed in
the fall of 1904, the growth of clover was light owing to the particularly dry summer.
The following yields were obtained from these plots : —
Fertilizers used each year per acre,
previous to 1904.
1. Manure, 30 tons 76
2. Manure, 15 tons, fertilizer, 250 lbs 79
3. Complete fertilizer, 1,000 lbs. . . . !58
4. „ 500 lbs |61
5. Check. No fertilizer used 01
6. Bone meal, 1,000 lbs 07
^O
^^
o
500 lbs
8. Ashes, 2,500 lbs
9. Manure, rotted, 20 tons
10. Check. No fertilizer used.
11. Land plaster, 500 lbs
12. Salt, 500 lbs
13. Ma'-sh mud, 100 tons
14. Manure, green, 20 tons . . . .
26 03
22 03
28 70
17 73
..79
8.38
6 44
30 50
22,64
3075
2 141
12i43
30.33
22 36
8 26
8 37
20 36
18 39
14 40
15
15
27
30
41
24
^O
^5
SI 3
40 54
.. 56
10 47
40 45
20 50
40.38
..39
..52
..'48
50 33
30 25
40 34
20 51
..57
8l59
12 60
44 36
1-5
18i51
40
26
28
4i56
46 46
16,28
..29
18,39
241
1454
X: ' 3
1053
..J60
30;50
20:56
..50
..62
20,55
30 60
10,65
20 37
40
52
55
60
20
W -Ji
J2 3
30 37
36
40
33
26
31
30
35
30
11
21
22
23
27
.c I 3 .::
h^ = |J
30 41 40
40,.S9 10
..40 50
20 '25 50
40 23 20
40i30 . .
5031 40
..130 .50
. . !25 . .
40,10 50
40 18 20
30 20 . .
20 21 40
3028 20
REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 285
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
HAY CROP.
The crop of clover and timothy on the upland was particularly good this season.
Twenty-three acres yielded 57 tons, 1,340 lbs.
The hay on the marsh, owing to the breaking of dykes in this locality for the past
two autumns, and the repeated overflowing of the land with salt water, was a par-
ticularly poor crop, and is likely to be so each year until the land can be reseeded
with clover and timothy. Forty-nine acres yielded 64 tons, 50 lbs.
The total hay crop was 121 tons, 1,390 lbs.
Summary of crops grown exclusive of uniform test plots of grain and potatoes.
Hay.
Tons. Lbs.
Marsh, hay 64 50
Upland hay. 57 1,340
121 1,390
Grain. ■ •
Bush. Lbs. Lbs.
Mixed grain 1,007 30 40,310
Oats. 364 20 12,396
Barley 102 15 4,911
Wheat 20 43 1,243
58,860
Roots.
Tons. Lbs.
Turnips (field .crop) 204 674
Turnips (test plots 8 1,540
213 214
Mangels (field crop) 54 15
Mangels (test plots) 5 660
59 675
Corn.
Corn (field crop) 60 507
Corn (test plots) 8 160
68 667
SUMMAEY OF FEED FSED.
Summary of feeds used in connection with stock on farms, July 1, 1904, to June 30,
1905.
Hay.
Grain or Meal.
Com and Roots.
Grown on farm
Lbs.
186,095
144,365
Lbs.
27,893
142,000
7,000
Lbs.
579,377
On hand July 1, 1904
Total
330, 4C0
176,893
579,377
286
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
The meal consumed consist-ed of oats, 40,1T2 lbs.; mixcid grain (oats, pease an^
barley), 17,327 lbs.; gluten meal, 30,000 lbs.; oil cake, 4,000 lbs.; cornmeal, 6,000
lbs. ; bran, 30,000 lbs. ; middlings, 38,000 lbs. ; buckwheat, 3,072 lbs. ; barley, 1,322 lbs. ;
on hand July 1, 1904, 7,000 lbs.; total, 176,893.
DISPOSITION OF FEEDS.
Disposition of feed harvested and purchased for use of live stock on farm, July 1,
1904, to June 30, 1905 :—
Class Fed.
8 horses. •
24 steers
10 young steers
21 cows (summer, 5 months)
22 cows (winter, 7 months)
2.S dry cows, bulls and young stock
Poultry
20 sheep
40 swine
Seed
Total account
Amount harvested
Shrinkage
Grain
or
Meal.
Lbs.
40,880
26,160
3,550
7,875
41,580
15,750
2,000
3,600
21,000
7,000
169,305
176,8.-3
7,4i)8
Corn
or
Roots.
Lbs.
202,400
54,100
9,029
184,800
66,590
2.400
1,000
520,319
579,377
59,058
Hay.
Grain
or
Meal.
Lbs.
58,400 Weighed
63,360
11,290
15,750
55,440
89,250
7,200
300,690
330,460
29,770
Com
or
Hoots.
Weighed
Estimated .
Weighed . .
Estimated .
Weighed . .
Hay.
Weighed.
GRAIN AND POTATO DISTRIBUTION.
Some of the most promising varieties of grain and potatoes were again distributed
for test to farmers who made application. The following number of 3 lb. bags were
sent out: —
Oats. 167
Barley 89
Wheat 69
Pease '.••... 41
Buckwheat 23
Potatoes 280
Total 669
HORSES.
There are at present on the farm eight horses, consisting of six heavy team horses,
one express horse and one driver. There have been no changes during the year. One
horse is now 23 years old, and although in good condition, will likely have to be re-
placed shortly. The health and condition of the horses has been good throughout the
year.
REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 287
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
CATTLE.
The stock of cattle on the farm at present consists of 71 head, as follows : —
Guernseys , 5
Ayrshires 14
Holsteins 7
Grade females 27
Steers, 1 year 10
Steer calves 8
EXPERIMENTS WITH DAIRY COWS.
This experiment was carried on as in former years, to further determine the pro-
fit or loss of a fairly good dairy herd, well fed and ,cared for, with the feeds consumed
(iharged at current market prices, and receiving credit for milk produced, the value of
which being established by the price received at the creamery during the season.
The different feeds were charged at the following prices : — Hay, $8 per ton (average
price for last few years) ; roots, $2 per ton; ensilage, $2 per ton; wheat bran, $19.5^
])er ton; gluten meal, $27 per ton; oil cake, $34 per ton; mixed grain (oats, pease
and barley) , $24 per ton ; making an average price of mixed meal ration, as per propor-
tion fed to cows, of l^c. per lb. The ration fed to cows in full milk was : ensilage or
roots, 50 lbs.; meal, 9 lbs.; hay, 12 lbs.; making a cost of 20ic. per cow per day.
In summer months, while milking they were charged $2.50 per month for sum-
mer feed as hereinafter explained, and when dry $1 per month.
Different quantities were fed to different cows, according to their capacity to
consume or produce, or period of lactation, and charged accordingly.
When dry in winter they were charged $1 per month. From early fall until June
they were kept in the stable, except on occasional fine days, when they were allowed
out in the yard.
From June 1 to October, they were put out in the field the greater part of the
time, night and day, but kept in during cold or wet weather.
They were fed, watered and milked each day, at as nearly regular int3rval,s as
possible.
The summer feed was practically all summer soiling crop, rye, clover or oats,
pease and vetches grown together and sown at different times. After July 15 they
were fed some hay, and after August 15 some green corn.
The milk of each cow was weighed at railking twice each day, and a careful re-
cord kept of the number of pounds given. The percentage of fat in the milk of each
cow was determined by the Babcock milk tester, at the average of various tests taken
throughout the year, and the fat, credited to the cow, on the basis that 85 pounds of
fat produces 100 pounds of marketable butter.
The milk was sent to the Nappan dairy station until April 30, and the cows were
credited with the butter produced at the jprices paid to all patrons of that station,
which averaged for the winter months 19 cents per lb. after deducting 4 cents per lb.
for manufacturing and hauling milk. After this date the milk was separated at the
stable, and the cream sent for a short time to the Maritime Dairy Co., Sussex, N.B.,
and the price credited, 22J cents par lb., being the average price received by this
creamery for the summer months, after deducting 1^ cents per lb., being the price
charged for manufacturing.
The skim milk was credited to the cows at the rate of 15 cents per hundred
pounds.
Twenty-two cows were in milk during the past season.
288
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
The following will show the results obtained : —
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Name.
Corie
Curly ......
Rae
Lida Rooker
Ilda Rooker.
Lizzie
Eva Rooker
Rex's Maud
Sylva. ......
Stella
.Jebse
Mossy
Maggie
Minnie . ...
Sarah
Flora
Nora
Winnie . ...
Helen
Polly..
Beatrice ....
Mamie
Affe.
8yrs.
6 M
4^ ..
5 „
6 „
4in
10 „
10 u
2h«
2i M
2| M
6" „
U ..
2S-,
H M
5 M
3| M
4h M
2l M
2h M
6 M
2i„
Breed.
Ay. Grade . . .
Ay. G. Grade.
Holstein ,
Ay. G. Grade.
Holstein
Guernsey
Ay. Grade . . . .
Jer. Grade
Ay. Grade.
Ayrshire . .
Ay. G. Grade.
Ay. Grade . . . .
Ayrshire
Date of
dropping
last calf.
Apl. 3,
Feb. 15,
Jan. 15,
Mar. 25,
1,
Feb. 10,
Jan. 1,
Dec. 30,
Mar. 1,
Feb. 14,
Jan. 1,
Feb. 1,
Jan. 15,
Feb. 1,
1,
Sep. 30,
Feb. 1,
Jan. 15,
Feb. 10,
„ 1,
Sep. 21,
Aug. 1,
300
285
285
290
300
2G0
300
240
270
285
270
270
270
300
300
300
270
285
25)0
270
210
120
7,200
6,400
6,100
6,990
6,800
5,300
7,300
5,300
4,500
4,800
.5.500
5,100
5,900
5,040
5,380
5,500
5,210
5,.540
5,500
4,920
5,100
3,250
p. c.
h'
©
■^
M
Lbs.
338
82
308
70
315
76
296
04
288
00
268
11
283
41
293
05
243
52
248
47
265
29
252
00
263
76
243
10
253
17
265
29
245
17
247
67
220
00
225
74
216
00
130
00
o
cts. § cts.
79 47
72 25
71 62
70 14
69 08
60 93
66 30
62 68
56 49
57
59 00
58 86
60 63
56 90
57 91
58 99
.56 08
56 93
52 44
51 76
46 14
32 50
$ cts.
49 40
47 54
47 SI
46 50
47 54
43 37
49 10
47 72
41 98
43 3'
44 GO
44 78
47 81
44 78
46 22
48 74
46 22
47 81
43 37
44 78
43 50
32 00
•S cts.
30 07
24 71
23 81
23 64
21 .54
17 56
17 20
14 96
14 51
14 43
14 40
14 08
12 82
12 12
11 69
10 25
9 86
9 12
9 07
6 98
2 64
0 50
EXPERIMENTS WITH STEERS.
ExPERiMEXT I. — Fed in Stalls vs. Fed in Loose Box.
Sixteen steers were used for this test, in two lots of eight each, termed lot I. and
lot II., containing four 2i year old, and four 3i year old steers in each lot. Lot I.
were placed in loose boxes, and lot II. were tied up, and were, as nearly as possible,
equal in form, features and weight (shorthorn grades).
The weights given are the weights taken after a fast of fourteen hours, that is,
from 7 p.m. to 9 a.m the following morning. Both lots were fed alike from start to
finish of this test.
They were kept in the stable all the time, except on occasional fine days, when
they were let out for a time, averaging not more than once a week.
The feeds were charged at the following prices : — Hay, $8 per ton (average price
for last 5 years); roots, $2 per ton; ensilage, $2 per ton; wheat bran, $19.50 per ton;
gluten meal, $27 per ton; oil cake, Jp34- per ton; mixed grain (oats, pease and barley),
$24 per ton; making an average cost of meal ration of 1* cents per lb. as per propor-
tion fed.
The steers were all dehorned immediately after beginning of the test, with a key-
stone clipi>er. No bad effects were noticed.
As a result of the decrease in weight from this operation, a very slight increase
was obtained up to December 1, showing that an average of two weeks was required
to regain this loss.
The result of this experiment again shows slightly more gain for those fed in
loose box-stalls, than for those tied up.
Following are the results obtained: —
REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 289
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
KECORD OF STEERS FED FROM NOV. 16, 1904, TO APRIL 30, 1905.
Steer Experiment I.
LOT I.— DEHORNED, FED IN LOOSE BOX.
Weight at
Start,
Nov. 16.
Gain,
Dec. 1.
Gain,
Dec. 31.
Gain,
June 30,
Gain,
Nov. 1.
Gain,
Mar. 31.
Gain,
April 30.
Weight at
Finish,
April 30.
Total
Gains.
Lbs.
8,815
Lbs.
50
Lbs.
700
Lbs.
525
Lbs.
415
Lbs.
280
Lbs.
120
Lbs.
10,905
Lbs.
2,090
LOT IL -DEHORNED, TIED IN STALLS.
8,940
45
675
490
465
200
135 '10,950
2,010
RvTioxs AND Cost Per Day for One Steer for Entire Period.
Period.
Daily Ration.
Daily Cost.
Cost for
Period,
Total.
Nov. 16 to Dec. 1
Roots, 90 lbs
$ cts.
0 09
0 04
0 024
$ cts.
1 35
0 60
0 42
$ cts.
Hay, 10 lbs
Meal, 2 lbs
Roots, 60 lbs
2 37
Dec. 1 to Dec. 31
0 06
0 04
0 03f
1 80
1 20
1 08
Hay, 10 lbs
Meal, 3 lbs
Roots, 40 lbs
Hay, 10 lbs
4 08
Dec. 31 to Jan. 30 ."
0 04
0 04
0 044
1 20
1 20
1 44
Meal, 4 lbs
Roots, 30 lbs
Hay, 12 lbs .
Meal, 5 lbs
Roots, 20 lbs
Ha J', 15 lbs
3 84
4 14
Jan. 30 to Mar. 1
0 03
0 044
0 06
0 90
1 44
1-80
Mar. 1 to Mar 31 ,
0 02
0 06
0 074
0 00
1 80
2 16
Meal, 6 lbs —
Roots, 20 lbs
4 56
Mar. 31 to April 30
0 02
0 06
0 08|
0 CO
1 SO
2 52
Meal, 7 lbs
4 92
Co-:t of feed one steer, 165 days
23 81
IG— 19
290 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
SUMMARY OF EXPERIMENT WITH STEERS.
FINANCIAL PART.
Original weight of, 16 steers, 17,Y55 lbs. at 4c. per lb. . . .$ 710 20
Weight at finish, 16 steers, 21,855 lbs. at 5-9ioo per lb 1,171 42
Balance. . . $ 461 22
Cost of feed for lot, 165 days 382 56
Net profit . . .$ 78 66
Daily rate of gain per steer. lbs. 1-55
Cost of 1 lb. gain. cts. 9-33
Cost of feed per day per steer cts. 14-49
Profit per steer, $4.91.
EXPERBIENTS WITH STEERS.
EX. II. INFLUENCE OF AGE ON COST OF BEEF.
This experiment was carried on with a view to gain some data as to the influence
of age upon the cost of production of beef.
Three lots of animals, of as nearly uniform type and breeding as possible, were
selected for this test, consisting of eight 3-year olds, termed lot I; eight 2-year olds,
termed lot II. ; and eight yearlings, termed lot III.
The prices charged for feed consumed were the same as in ' Experiments with
steers, Ex. I.'
They were all dehorned two weeks previous to beginning of test, and had evidently
quite recovered from the effects of the operation at beginning of test, December 1.
The following tables will show the amounts fed and results obtained: —
Ex. II. — Lot I. — Three Year Old Steers.
Period.
Dec. 1 toDoc. 31.
Dec. 31 to Jan. 30
Jan. 30 to Mar. 1.
Mar. 1 to ]\Iar. 31.
Mar. 31 to April 30.
Cost of feed 1 steer 1.50 days.
II 8 steers 150 days
Daily Kation.
Roots, GO lbs ,
Hay, 10 lbs. .
Meal, 3 lbs...
Roots, 40 lbs .
Hay, 10 lbs.. .
Meal, 4 lbs . . .
Roots, .30 lbs .
Hay, 12 U.S..
Meal, 5 lbs. . .
Roots, 20 Ib"^
Hay, 15 lbs.
Meal, G lbs. .
;RcM>ts, 20 lbs.
I Hay, 1.0 lbs.
I Meal, 7 lbs.. .
Daily Cost.
$ cts.
0 06
0 04
0 03?
0 04
0 04
0 04*
0 03
0 041
0 06
0 02
0 06
0 071
0 02
0 06
0 08?
Cost for
Period.
$ cts.
1 80
1 20
1 08
1 20
1 20
1 44
0 90
1 44
1 80
0 00
1 80
2 16
0 60
1 80
2 52
Total Cost.
S cts.
4 US
3 84
4 14
4 56
4 92
21 54
172 32
REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Lbs.
Weight of 8 steers, Dec. 1, 1904 9,110
Weight of 8 steers, April 30, 1905 11,075
Gain 1,9G0
Daily rate of gain lbs. 1 -6375
Cost of feed per clay cts. 14 -36
Cost of 1 lb. gain cts. 8 -70
Ex. II. — Lot II. — Two Year Old Steers.
m
Period.
Daily Ration.
Daily Cost.
Cost for
Period.
Total Co.'^t.
Dec. 1 to Dec. 31
Roots, fiO lbs
$ cts.
0 06
0 04
0 3f
$ cts.
1 80
1 20
1 08
S cts.
Hav, 10 lbs
Meal, 3 lbs
Roots, 40 lbs
4 C8
Dec. 31 to Jan. 30
0 04
0 04
0 041
1 20
1 20
1 44
Hay, 10 lbs
Meal, 4 lbs
Roots, 30 lbs
3 84
Jan. 30 to Mar. 1
0 03
0 04*
0 C6
0 90
1 44
1 80
Hay, 12 lbs
Meal, 5 lbs
Roots, 20 lbs
Hay, 15 lbs.
4 14
Mar. 1 to Mar. 31
0 02
0 00
0 07i
0 60
1 80
2 16
Meal, C lbs
Roots, 20 lbs
4 56
Mar. 31 to April 30
0 02
0 06
0 OSf
0 60
1 80
2 52
Hay, 15 lbs
Meal, 7 lbs
4 92
21 54
Cost of feed 1 steer 150 days
Ti 8 steers 150 days
172 32
1
Weight of 8 steers, Dec. 1, 1904. .
Weight of 8 steers, April 30, 1905.
Gain.
Lbs.
8,740
10,780
2,040
Daily rate of gain per steer lbs. 1 -70
Cost of feeding per day per steer cts. 14*36
Cost of 1 lb. gain " 8-44
IG— 19J
292
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
Ex. II.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
-Lot III. — Year Old Steers.
Period.
Daily Ration.
Daily Cost.
Cost for
period.
Total Cost.
Dec. 1 to Dec. 31
Roots, 60 lbs
Hay, 8 lbs
$ cts.
0 06
0 03i
0 03*
$ cts.
1 80
0 96
1 08
$ cts.
Meal, 3 lbs
Roots, 40 lbs
3 84
Dec 31 to Jan. 30
0 04
0 031
0 04f
0 03
0 04
0 04i
1 20
0 96
1 44
0 90
1 20
1 44
Hay, Bibs
Meal, 4 lbs
Roots, 30 lbs
3 60
Hav. 10 lbs
Meal, 4 lbs
Roots, 20 lbs
Hay, 10 lbs
3 54
March 1 to March 31
0 02
0 04
0 06
0 60
1 20
1 80
Meal, 5 lbs
Roots, 20 lbs
^ fin
March 31 to April 30
0 02
0 04
0 07J-
0 60
1 20
2 16
Hay, 10 lbs
Meal, 6 lbs
3 96
Cost of feed 1 steer 1.50 days. .
18 54
II 8 steers u
!
148 32
i
Weight of 8 steers, Dec. 1, 1904. .
Weight of S steers, April 30, 1905.
Gain
Lbs.
7,640
9,740
2,100
Daily rate of gain per steer lbs. 1*75
Cost of feed per day per steer cts. 12-36
Cost of 1 lb. gain " 7-08
COMPARISON OF jiXPERIMEXTS WITH STEERS.
EXPKKIMLNT II.
Lot 1, 3-yr. old.
Daily rate of grain per steer 1 6375 lbs.
Cost of feed per day u 14 ' 36 cts.
Cost of 1 lb. gain j 8"76 n
Lot 2, 2-yr. old. j Lot 3, year-old
1- 70 lbs.
14-36 cts.
8-44 I,
1-75 lbs.
12 -36 cts.
706 M
I
REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON
293
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
STEEE CALF EXPERIMENT.
This experiment which was started in May, 1901, with ten calves, in two lots of
five each, to determine the comparative economy of feeding calves a ' full fattening
ration ' as contrasted with a ' limit-ed growing ration,' was continued from Xovemher
30, 1904, with animals termed lot II., Ex. II., and lot I., Ex. III., fhiished and sold
April 30 and May 31, 1905. Ex. IV., lots I. and II. were also continued.
The following tables show the results : —
Ex. II.— Lot II. — Calves of May, 1902, Coxtln'ued from December 1, 1901.
Period.
Daily Ration.
Daily Cost.
Cost for
Period.
Total Cost.
Dec. 1 to Dec. 31
Roots, 90 lbs
Hay, 10 lbs
$ cts.
0 09
0 04
0 03f
S cts.
2 70
1 20
1 08
S cts.
Meal, 3 lbs
Roots, 60 lbs
4 98
0 06
0 04
0 04*
1 80
1 20
1 44
Hay, 10 lbs
Meal, 4 lbs
Roots, 60 lbs
4 44
0 06
0 04*
0 07i
1 80
1 44
2 16
Hay, 12 lbs
Meal, 6 lbs
Roots, 40 lbs
5 40
0 04
0 044
0 07i
1 20
1 44
2 16
Hay, 12 lbs
Roots, 30 lbs .
Hay, 15 lbs
Meal, 8 lbs
4 80
:Marcli 31 to AprU 30
0 03
0 06
0 09f
0 02
0 06
0 12
0 90
1 80
2 88
0 60
1 80
3 60
April 30 to May 30
Roots, 20 lbs
5 58
Hay, 15 lbs
Meal, 10 lbs
6 CO
'
31 20
Lot 2.
Weight at
start.
Weight at
finish.
Gain.
Lbs.
5,475
Lbs.
6,800
Lbs.
1,325
Daily rate of gain per steer lbs. 1 -47
Cost of feed per day per st^er cts. • 17 'TS
Cost of 1 lb. gain " 11 -77
Cost of feed for lot, ISO days $156 00
294
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903
Ex. III. — Lot I. — Continued from December 1, 1904.
Period.
Dec. 1 to Dec. 31
Dec. 31 to Jan. GO
Jan. 30 to March 1.
March 1 to March 31.
March 31 to April 30.
Cost of feed, one steer, 150 days
Daily Ration.
Roots, 60 lbs
Hay, 8 lbs . . .
Meal, 3 lbs . ,
Roots, 40 lbs
Hay, 8 lbs...
Meal, 4 lbs . .
Roots, 30 lbs
Hay, 10 lbs . .
Mead, 4 lbs . .
Roots, 20 lbs .
Hay, 10 lbs . .
Meal, 5 lbs.. .
Roots, 20 lbs.
Hay, 10 lbs...
Meal, 6 lbs. . .
Daily Cost.
$ cts.
0 06
0 03i
0 03a
Cost for
Period.
$ cts.
1 80
0 96
1 08
0 04
0 03i
0 04i
1 20
0 96
1 44
0 03
0 04
0 04i
0 90
1 20
1 44
0 02
0 04
0 06
0 GO
1 20
1 80
0 02
0 04
0 07i
0 60
1 20
2 16
Total Cost.
$ cts.
3 84
3 GO
3 54
3 60
3 96
18 54
Lotl.
Dec. 1 to April 30
Weight at ' Weight at
start. finish.
Lbs.
4,820
Lbs. •
6,535
Gain.
Lbs.
1,715
Daily rate of gain per steer. . .
Cost of feed per day per steer.
Cost of 1 lb. gain
Cost of feed for lot, 150 days. .
.lbs.
.cts.
2-28
12-36
5-40
$92 70
REPORT OP MR. R. ROBERTSON
295
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Ex. IV. — Lot I. — Calves of May, 1904, Continued from December, 1904.
Period.
Dec. 1 to Dec. 31
Dec. 31 to .Jan. 30
Jan. 30 to March 1.
March 1 to March 31
March 31 to April 30
April 30 to May 30. . .
May 30 to Sept. 1
Sept. 1 to Oct. 1 . .
Oct. 1 to Nov. 1 . .
Nov. 1 to Dec. 1 . .
Cost of feed, one sLeer, 1 year
Daily Ration.
Roots, 1.5 lbs
Hay, 2J lbs . .
Meal, 2 lbs .
Roots, 20 lbs.
Hay, 2i lbs . .
Meal, 2 lbs . .
Roots, 25 lbs .
Hay, 4 lbs . . .
Meal, 2 lbs . .
Roots, 30 lbs .
Hay, 4 lbs . . .
Meal, 2 lbs. . .
Roots, 30 lbs
Hay, 4 lbs .. .
Meal, 2 lbs. . .
Roots, 30 lbs
Hay, 4 lbs . . .
Meal, 2 lbs . .
Meal, 1 lb .
Pasture at .
Green feed, 40 lbs.
Meal, 2 lbs
Green feed, 40 lbs .
Meal, 2 lbs
Roots, 40 lbs
Hay, 5 lbs ., .
Meal, 2 lbs. . .
Daily Cost.
$ cts.
0 on
0 oi"
0 021
0 02
0 01
0 021
0 02^
0 014
0 02#
0 03
0 Olf
0 02?
0 03
0 Olf
0 02*
0 03
0 Olf
0 02*
0 OU
0 04
0 021
0 04
0 024
0 04
0 02
0 02*
Cost for
Period.
$ cts.
0 45
0 30
0 72
0 60
0 30
0 72
0 75
0 48
0 72
0 SO
0 48
0 72
0 90
0 48
0 72
0 90
0 48
0 72
1 111
L per month
1 20
0 72
1 24
0 74f
1 20
0 60
0 72
Total Cost.
S cts.
1 47
1 62
1 95
2 10
2 10
2 10
4 llf
1 92
1 944
2 52
21 84
Lot. 1.
Weight at
start.
Weight at
finish.
Gain.
Period.
Dec. 1 1904 to Dec. 1 1905
Lbs.
?,C50
Lbs.
4,815
Lbs.
2,165
Daily rate of gain per steer lbs. 1*18
Cost of feed per day per steer (winter) cts. 6*60
(summer) " 5-32
" " " 1 year " 5-98
Cost of 1 lb. gain " 5-04
Cost of feed for lot, 1 year $109 20
296
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
Ex. IV. — Lot II. — Calves of May, 1904, Ck)XTixuED from December, 1904.
Lot. ir.
Daily Rations.
Daily Cost.
Cost
for Period.
Total Cost.
Period.
Dec. 1 to Dec 31
■Roots, 20 lbs
S cts.
0 02
0 OOf
0 OOv
0 02i
0 00|
0 OOi'
0 02i
0 01"
0 00|
0 03
0 01
0 OOf
0 03
0 Olf
OOOg
0 03
0 015
S cts.
0 60
0 24
0 18
S cts.
Hay, 2 lbs
Meal, i lb
Roots, 25 lbs
1 02
Dec. 31 to Jan. 30
0 75
0 24
0 18
Hay, 2 lbs
Meal, ^ lb
Roots, 25 lbs
1 17
Jan. 30 to Mar. 1
0 75
0 30
0 18
0 90
0 30
0 18
Hay, 2iibs
Meal, ilb
Mar. 1 to ]\Iar. 31 ,
Roots, 30 lbs
Hay, 2J^ lbs
Meal, fib
1 23
Roots, 30 lbs
1 38
Mar. 31 to Apl. 30
0 90
0 48
0 18
Hay, 4 lbs
Meal, |lb
Root?, 30 lbs
1 56
Apl. 30 to May 30
0 90
0 48
Hav, 4 lbs...
Pasture at
1 38
May 30 to Oct. 1
4 00
Roots, 30 lbs
0 03
0 Olf
0 Oli
0 04
0 Olf
0 Oli
4 00
Oct. 1 to Oct. 30
0 90
0 48
0 36
1 20
0 48
0 36
Hay, 4 lbs
Meal, 1 lb
Oct 31 to Nov. 30
Roots 40 lbs
1 74
Hay, 4 lbs
Cost of feed, 1 steer, 1 year
Meal, lib
2 04
15 52
Dec. 1, 1904, to Dec. 1, 1905
Weight at start.
2,015 lbs.
Weight at finish.
3 480 lb"
Gain.
1 JR?i Iho
Daily rate of gain per steer lbs.
Cost of feed per clay per steer (winter) cts.
" (summer) cts.
" " -I J.
1 year. cts.
Cost of 1 lb. gain cts.
Cost of feed for lot, 1 year $77 60
•80
4:60
3-82
4-25
5-29
COMPAEISON OF STEER-CALF EXPEEIMENTS.
Full feeding ration vs. light feeding ration, from hirth to hloch.
Since May, 1901, experiments have been carried on each year to determine the
comparative economy of feeding calves a 'full fattening ration ' from the start, as
contrasted with a ' limited growing ration.'
Each of the lots of ' full fattening ration ' were sold when two years old, the lots
on ' limited growing ration ' in each case were continued until 3 years old before being
Bold. »
REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON
297
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Following is a summary of results obtained : —
Full Fattening Ration.
Limitf.e
G KG WING
Ration.
1901.
19C2.
1903.
Average
1901.
1902.
Average
m
■E
I-H CO
of
m
CO
of
M §
.1— ( , 0)
1— i 0)
K c 1 i
15 Steers.
M 1 ^
." 1 ■»
.}— 1 , o
1— I Oi
10 Steers.
^^ 'w
o cn
^^ '^
'"'"§ OQ
O 02
X lO
vi^ o
X lo
X^^ o
y}-^ IQ
W
H
W
H
W
Per Steer.
Per Steer.
Per Steer.
Per Steer .
Per Steer.
Number of days fed
713-
683-
515-
637-
1108-
1108-
1108-
Weight when put on experi-
ment
166-
191-
579-
312-
153
121
137
Weipht when slaughtered. . .
1271-
1246-
1307-
1272-
1306
1360
1333
Daily rate of gain
1-54-
1-54-
1-41-
1-49-
1
04-
1
11-
1
075
Amount meal eaten
1804-
1633-
1328-
1588-
1549
1419
1484
11 hay II
2590-
2164-
2310-
2355-
3470
4489
3979
<> roots M
14725-
133G0-
13500-
138G1-
24695
23762
24228
11 straw II
597
2080
600
2320
598
2200
II skiin-milk eaten. . . .
1712-
1742-
1727-
II whole milk eaten. . .
728-
698-
713.
360-
120-
240-
II pas ure n ...
3 months .
2^ months.
11 weeks.
lO.months.
10 months.
10 months.
II green feed n ...
1240-
4300-
3080-
2873-
Cost of feed from birth to
block
SG5 47
$58 35
$43 00
§55 60
§72 00
$73 91
§72 95
Cost of 100 lbs. increase live
weight
•S 5 92
§ 5 53
S 5 90
$ 5 78
§ 6 24
$ 5 96
§ 6 10
SWINE.
The herd of pigs at present on the farm consists of Yorkshires, Berkshires and
their grades and cross&s, in all 49 head, as follows: — 1 Yorkshire boar, 3 Yorkshire
sows, 2 Berkshire sows, 3 grade sows, 10 grade pigs 6 months old, 80 grade pigs 1 to 3
months old.
EXPERIMENTS WITH SWINE.
Pasture vs. feeding in pens.
This experiment was again carried on as in past years, with two lots of 10 pigs
each, as evenly divided as to age and weight as possible, being equal numbers from
each litter and from 1 to 2 months old.
This experiment was commenced on July 1, with lot I. on pasture and lot II. fed
inside.
They were fed equal amounts of milk and meal, consisting of shorts and buck-
wheat.
The pasture consisted of clover, rape and hairy vetch on different parts of the
field, and the pigs were changed from time to time.
A portable house was used for shelter.
From October 1 to November 15 all were fed aliKe in pens.
Following are the results: —
298
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Lot 1. — Fed on pasture July 1 to October 1. Fed in pens October 1 to Novem-
ber 15.
Period.
Weight
at
Start.
July 1 to October 1
October 1 to November 15.
Lbs.
235
925
Lot I.
Weight
at
Finish.
Lbs.
925
1,510
Gain.
Lbs.
690
585
Average daily gain on pasture, July 1 to October 1. . .
" in pens, October 1 to November 15.
« 137 days
lbs.
•74
lbs.
1-30
lbs.
•93
Lot II. — Fed in pens, July 1, to November 15, 1905.
Period.
Lot IL
Weight
at
Start.
Weight
at
Finish
Gain.
July 1 to October 1
Lbs.
245
1,073
Lbs.
1,073
1,500
Lbs.
828
October 1 to Novem\/er 15
427
Average daily gain in pens, July 1 to October 1 . . . .
" " October 1 to November 15
" " 137 days
.lbs.
.lbs.
.lbs.
•90
•948
•916
SHEER
The flock of sbeep at present on the farm consists of 7 Leicesters, 11 Sliropsbir
and 4 grad&s, as follows : —
1 pure bred Leicester ram.
6 pure bred Leicester ewes.
7 pure bred Shropshire ewes.
4 pure bred Shropshire ewe lambs.
3 grade ewes.
1 grade ewe lamb.
es
POULTEY.
The stock of poultry on hand at present consists of B. P. Eocks, White "Wyan-
dottes, White Leghorns, Black Minorcas and Buff Orpingtons.
REPORT OF MR. R. ROBERTSON 299
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
During the month of !N'o\x3niber a number of old and imdesirable birds were dis-
posed of, and a nimiber of cockerels of the different breeds sold to farmers for breed-
ing purposes, leaving the stock on hand as follows : —
Breed. Hens. Cocks. Pullets. Cockerels,
B. p. Eocks 4 1 16 2
W. Wyandottes 8 1
W. Leghorns 2 .. 3 1
Black llinorcas 5 .. 2 1
Buff Orpingtons . . 8
All have kept quite healthy, and 75 chicks were raised during the season.
Very few eggs were laid previous to March 1, owing to the fact that the hens were
all at least one year old, no pullets having been kept last season.
The number of eggs laid by the different breeds up to July 1 is as follows : — •
Eggs laid.
12 B. P. Rocks 775
4 Blk. Minorcas 225
4 "W. Leghorns 250
4 White Wyandottes 199
BEES.
Bee-keeping in the maritime provinces has in the past received very little atten-
tion, and believing that they confer great benefits to the orchards from the carrying
of pollen, besides their value as a revenue producer, further experiments with bees have
been made.
On May 22, two colonies were received from the experimental farm at Ottawa,
weighing 42| and 38J pounds respectively. Quite a number of dead bees were found
in each, particularly in the lighter hive. One appeared to be in excellent condition,
the other appeared only fairly strong, with little brood in the frames in the latter hive.
As the weather continued cold and wet, and not at all favourable to honey gathering,
it was considered wise to somewhat retard the stronger hive, and at the same time
strengthen the weaker one by removing one frame well filled with brood from the
stronger hive, and replacing it with empty frame from the weaker one. This was done
on June 14.
From these, four swarms were secured, the first on June 22, second on July 5,
third on July 7, and fourth on August 3.
Until after July 3, very little honey was gathered. From July 4 until August 5,
all hives gained rapidly in weight, except one parent hive which had swarmed twice.
This weak hive continued to dwindle until August 15, when it was completely deserted.
After August 9, very little surplus honey was stored by any.
Fifty pounds of honey was taken from those hives August 25 ; this leaves for win-
ter quarters five hives weighing respectively 55, ~53, 54, 59 and 40 pounds.
On ISTovcmber IS they were placed in the cellar of the superintendent's house, in
the corner farthest from the door. This corner was partitioned off with matched lum-
ber for the double purpose of keeping out light and keeping the temperature more
uniform, which is at present from 40° to 45°.
The hives were placed on a shelf, one foot from the ground, and rested on 3 empty
boxes.
A three-inch block was placed in front, between the bottom board and the brood
chamber, making the full entrance three inches high across the front. The wooden
covers were removed and replaced with chaff cushions four inches thick, and lapping
the sides and ends four inches.
300 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
COKKESPONDENCE.
During tlie year 2,080 letters were received at this Farm, and 1,812 sent out, exclu-
sive of circulars sent with grain distribution and reports.
AGEICULTURAL MEETINGS.
During the year I attended and delivered addresses at the following meetings : —
Winter Eair, Amherst, N.S., December 12 to 15, 1904; Short Course Judging,
Truro, N.S., February 23; Nova Scotia Farmer's Association, Truro, N.S., Febru-
ary 27; Dairy School, Sussex, N.B., March 6 to 25; Agricultural meetings at Pug-
wash, N.S., April 2G; Williamsdale, N.S., April 28; Lower Milktream, N.B.
EXHIBITIONS.
An exhibit of the products of the farm was made at Nova Scotia Provincial Exhi-
bition, Halifax, N.S., September 13 to 21; Fredericton, N.B., September 21 to 27;
Yarmouth, October 4 and 5. Those exhibits have always been very much appreciated.
VISITORS.
As usual many visitors have besn on the farm this year, the largest gathering
being the Cumberland County Agricultural Society, July 15.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
K. ROBERTSON,
8 uperitdendenU
5-5 EDWARD VII.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1G
A. 1906
REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST.
(W. S. Blair.)
Nappan, N.S., November 30, 1905.
To Dr. Wm. Saunders, C.M.G.,
Director Dominion Experimental Earms,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith a report of some of the work done in
the Horticultural Department of the Experimental Farm for the maritime provinces
during the year 1905.
The winter of 1905 was a severe one and the months of January and February
were accompanied by an unusual fall of snow. The fruit and ornamental trees did not
suffer from winter killing, but on account of snow, drifting over them many were more
or less injured by being broken when the snow settled. This trouble, however, was
overcome in many cases by shovelling the snow away from a number of the fruit trees
that were liable to injury, and in this way the branches were relieved of the heavy
weight of snow. Some orchards in these provinces suffered greatly from being broken
by the snow which drifted in some cases 10 to 15 feet deep around them, so that when
the snow settled trees were in many instances practically stripped of branches.
The early spring w.as exceptionally late and backward, retarding the blossoming of
fruit trees several days. The mean average temperature for May was 1° lower than
the average for the past 5 years: For June li° lower than that of the past 5 years.
The month of July was up to the average in temperature, and August was about 1°
lower than the mean average for the past 5 years. September, on the other hand, was
somewhat warmer than that of the past 5 years by about J° in the mean average. The
following table gives the mean average temperature for the months of May, June, July,
August and September for the past 5 years as compared with that of this season. The
rainfall during these months for the past 3 years is also given: —
Month.
May
June. . . .
July
August
September.
Total .
Mean Temperature
at Nappan.
Average,
5 Years.
04°
47-
0G°
.54-
■22=
64 •
•32°
61-
•08°
55 •
1905.
"07°
1-52°
I 25°
:-4i°
r53°
Kainfall.
1905.
Inches.
1904.
Inches.
1-76
1-74
215
3-51
4-52
1903.
Inches-
•68
•29
•07
•40
63
14-03
13-68
11 07
The latter part of June and the first half of July was practically ideal weather
for all crops. The summer, however, continued too dry after the middle of July and
during August for crops to develop properly. Good cultivation during the early part
301
302 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
of the season up to the middle of July very materially controlled the moisture supply,
and fruit trees so treated apparently suffered little for want of moisture.
The only frosts in May were on the 2nd, 5th, 12th, 13th, IGth, and 23rd, when 32°,
27°, 28°, 22°, 31°, and 31° were recorded, respectively. The only June frost was on the
7th, when 5° was registered. This frost did considerable damage to fruits in blossom
at the time; tender plants that had been set out, and to grape vines. The apple blossoms
here were not sufficiently advanced to be injured, but cherries and plums suffered so
materially that no fruit set. The apples in blossom in the Annapolis and Cornwallis
valleys and in other parts of the province of Nova Scotia at this time were greatly
injured by the frost. We escaped the usual September frost, although in some sections
of the provinces a great amount of damage was done by a frost on August 15, and also
by a September frost. The tirst fall frost recorded here was 5° on October 1.
The apple crop on the Nappan farm was much in advance of that secured in the
past. The trees produced a good crop of excellent fruit. The apples developed better
than they ever had done before. Many of the trees are of Russian origin, and. lack in
quality. For cooking purposes most of the Russian sorts are excellent. A number of
varieties, such as Scott's Winter, Winesap, Jonathan, Missouri Pippin and Occident
produce fruit that averages small and is not very marketable. The Gano, Wealthy and
Yellow Transparent are inclined to overbear, and should have the fruit thinned, especi-
ally when the trees are young, othenvise it will be small and the trees are liable to be
broken from an overweight of fruit.
A report is herewith submitted of some of the varieties of apples that have fruited
here.
The strawberry crop was fairly good- The bush fruits were a fair crop.
The ornamental trees and shrubs have made good growth. One hedge of Sea
Buckthorn (Hippoplice rJiamnoides) was set in 1905, in place of Red-leaved Rose
{Rosa ruhrifolia), which made a poor hedge and was removed.
I beg to acknowledge the following donations : From Mr. Frank G. Semple, Brule,
N.S. strawberry plants of ' Nick Ohmer,' 'Sample,' 'Splendid' and ' Brandywine.'
From Mr. C. W. Smith, Sand Beach, N.S., seedling strawberry plants. From Templin
& Co., Calla, Ohio 1 doz. ' Cardinal ' strawberry plants. From Mr. Thomas A. Peters,
Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Fredericton, N.B., scions of yellow plum which ori-
ginated near Fredericton. From J. C. Oilman, Esq., Fredericton, N.B., scions of
Cranberry Pippin apple. From Mr. F. G. Semple, Brule, N.S., scions of Winter Rose
apple. I am also indebted to Mr. W. T. Macoun, Horticulturist, Central Experimental
Farm, Ottawa, for 40 additional varieties of strawberry.
I addressed several agricultural meetings in the maritime provinces during the
year.
APPLES.
Apoi't. — Two trees of this variety were planted in 1890. This variety is of Rus-
sian origin and is identical with the Emperor Alexander. They have made strong
growth, and produced the first crop of any consequence in 1901: when the trees aver-
aged 31J pecks each. The same trees averaged only 8 pecks in 1905.
Alexander. — Synonym, Emperor Alexander. Three trees were set in 1890. This
is a well known strong growing variety. The first crop of any quantity was in 1903
when the trees averaged 8 pecks. In 1904 they averaged 12 pecks, and in 1905, 29 -33
pedes. It will be noticed that these three trees are much more regular bearers than
the two above called Aport.
Allen's Choice. — One tree only planted in 1898 a strong grower. Fruited in 1905,
2 pecks. The fruit is of medium size, oblate, yellow skin covered over nearly the whole
surface with red and striped. Quality good; season January; too small to be of much
commercial value here.
REPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 303
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Anis. — The variety we have under this name is identical with Yellow Trans-
parent. Two trees set in 1890. These have fruited every other year since 189i. The
yield in 1904 was the first large crop, when they averaged 4 hushels each. They pro-
duced no fruit this year.
Antonovka.— Two trees of this Eussian sort were set in 1897. The fruit is large,
yellow, oblong, conical. It is a good cooking sort, and will keep until December. The
first large crop was in 1904, when the trees averaged 2^ pecks. In 1905, 15J pecks per
tree. This variety has no special commercial value.
ArahJca. — SynonjTus, Arabka Winter and Arabskoe. Two of the former and two
of the latter were planted in 1897. They have made strong growth. The first crop of
consequence was produced in 1903, when the trees averaged 3 "75 pecks. In 1904 they
produced an average of 7 '94 pecks, and in 1905, 13 pecks. The fruit is large, round,
conical, with a green, purplish-red skin. The flesh is greenish white. It is only valu-
able for cooking; season January. Useful in northern sections where fruit of better
quality is tender.
Anisovka. — One tree of this variety was planted in 1890. This is a strong upright
grower. The fruit drops badly just as it is about in condition to pijU, which is a de-
cided disadvantage. This tree has been top grafted. The fruit is above medium size,
roundish, oblate, skin greenish-yellow, streaked and splashed with red. The flesh is
crisp and pleasant. Quality good; season September and October.
Ananasnoe. — This is not true to name. It is the same as Anisovka. Two trees
were set in 1890. They have fruited well during the past three years. In 1903 they
averaged 11 pecks, in 1904, 4 pecks, 1905, 22 pecks. These trees drop their fruit
badly just as ripe, otherwise it is a good autumn variety.
Banks. — Synonym, Bank's Gravenstein, Red Gravenstein. This apple is similar
in every respect to the well known Gravenstein, except that it is more striped and
splashed with red over the yellow skin. Two trees were planted in 1895, and two in
1898. Three of these have since died and the one remaining is not making strong
growth. Sunscald and collar rot have been the principal cause of failure. A slight
killing back of branches was noted one year. The one tree living, planted in 1898,
produced 1 peck of apples this year.
Basil the Great. — Two trees supposed to be this variety were set in 1897. These
have made strong growth. The fruit produced, however, show that the trees are
Pointed Pipka. In 1903 these two trees averaged 2| pecks ; 1904, 13^ pecks, and 1905,
16^ pecks. See Pointed Pipka.
Baxter. — Synonym, La Eue, Baxter's Red. Two trees were set in 1898. They
liave made fairly strong growth. The trees prodiiced a few apples in 1903-04 and 1905.
The growth of this tree is very upright. The fruit is large, round, conical. The skin
is yellow, covered over nearly the whole surface with red, and striped with red. This
is a promising variety. The fruit is handsome and above the average in quality.
Season, December and January.
Beautiful Arcade. — Two trees were set in 1898. They have made good growth.
The fruit is round, oblong, with greenish yellow skin. The quality is good. Different
from the majority of Russian apples. The flesh is sweet, rich, melting, juicy. Season,
September. Fruited, giving only a few specimens in 1904-05.
Bell Pippin. — Two trees were planted in 1897. They have made good growth.
The fruit is large, oblate, conical and ribbed; skin, greenish yellow, somewhat striped
with red. Flesh greenish- yellow; quality fair. Season, December and January.
Fruited in 1904, the trees averaging 1 peck. In 1905 they tiveraged 7i pecks.
Ben Davis. — Two trees were set in 1893. They have made strong growth, but have
not produced well-matured fruit. This is a well known variety which needs no descrip-
tion. The trees averaged 8^ pecks in 1903; 4 pecks in 1904, and in 1905 21 pecks.
304 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Benoni. — Two trees were set in 1890. They have made very strong growth. The
tree is a vigorous upright grower. The fruit is small to medium, roundish, oblate,
conical. The skin is yellow, red, striped with crimson. Quality very best. This is a
variety that is inclined to produce abundantly every second year. The fruit should be
thinned on the tree in order to secure a good percentage of marketable fruit. This
variety is one of the best hardy dessert apples. Season, October and November. It
seems to do well in northern sections, being apparently as hardy as the Duchess, and
equal in quality to the Gravenstein. One tree produced ^ peck in 1903; 31 pecks in
190-i, and 2 pecks in 1905. The other tree pi'oduced 5 pecks in 1903 ; 1^ pecks in 1901,
and 30 pecks in 1905.
Bethel. — Synonym, Uncle Sam. One tree set in 1897 produced the first crop this
season, giving 18 pecks. Fruit round, conical, medium to large. Skin greenish-yellow,
striped with red. Quality fair. Keeps until March, but looses its character early in
the winter. A very hardy strong growing tree. Useful in the colder sections as a
hardy winter variety.
BismarJc. — One tree planted is making poor growth. Fruit has been produced
from grafts. It is medium to large, round, conical. Skin green, striped with red over
part of the surface. Quality fair. Season, January. As grown here this variety is not
of special value.
Blue Pearmain. — Two trees were set in 1890. These have made strong growth.
The fruit is round, conical, medium to large. Skin dark purplish red, striped on
crimson ground. Quality good. Season, January and February. This is a good
winter variety. One yielded in 1903, 2 peclvs; 1904, 9 peeks; 1905, none. The other
produced in 1903, 16 pecks; 1904, ISJ pecks, and 1905, 27 pecks.
BorovinJca. — This is a Russian variety identical with Duchess of Oldenburg in
every particular, except that the fruit does not mature as early by one week. The fact
that this variety is a few days later than Duchess makes it possible to extend the sea-
son of that apple a little longer. The yield in 1903 was 12 pecks; 1904, 17^ peclis;
1905, 1 peck.
Bottle Greening. — One tree was set in 1891. A strong grower. Fruit oblate,
conical. Skin greenish-yellow, with dull red blush. Quality good. Season, January
and February. Has so far only fruited lightly. In 1903, 2i pecks; 1904, 2 pecks;
and 1905, a few specimens only. Said to be a good cropper when it gets well estab-
lished.
Belle de Boshoop; — Tree planted in 1897. A strong grower. Fruited first this
season, yielding 4 i>ecks. Fruit round, oblate, medium to large. Skin yellow, shaded
and obscurely striped with red, russeted over nearly the whole surface. Season
February and March.
BucJcingham. — One tree set in 1895. A fairly strong grower. Fruited first in
1904, yielding 9 pecks; a few specimens only this year. The fruit is oblate, conical
and of medium size. Skin greenish yellow, striped, shaded and splashed with crimson.
Season, January. Quality excellent. This is a promising sort and apparently quite
hardy.
Canada Baldwin. — Three trees were set in 1890. These made the most promising
growth at the start of any trees in the orchard. The branches and tmnks became sun-
scalded and gradually the trees have died, until now one only remains. The trees were
abundant bearers when healthy. The fruit is oblate, of medium size. Skin greenish
yellow, striped and washed with dark red. Season, December and January. Quality
good.
Cinnamon Pine. — Two trees were set in 1897. The fruit seems to be identical
with ' Anisovka.' These trees are situated in the sheltered orchard and do not drop
their fruit so badly as those do more exposed. These averaged 2 pecl«:s per tree in 1904,
and 10 -75 pecks in 1905.
REPOJIT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 305
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Crimean Bogdanoff. — One tree set in 1895. Made strong growth. Fruited 1903,
9 pecks; and in 1905, 5 pecks. The fruit is ovate, medium to smalL Skin yellow,
nearly covered with red, striped. Quality poor. Season, November.
Cross, No. 15 M. — Two trees were set in 1897. They fruited well this season, averag-
ing 12 pecks each. Fruit conical, ribbed, medium. Skin yellow. Quality poor, of no
special value.
Danvers. — Synonym, Danver's Winter Sweet. Two trees were set in 1897. The
trees are strong upright growers. Fruit oblong, conical, of medium size. Skin green-
ish-yellow, with dull blush. Quality good, sweet. Season, February and March. Bore
their first fruit in 1901, when the trees averaged 3 -37 pecks. In 1905, 2i pecks each.
Derby. — Two trees were set in 1890. Strong growers. They averaged 10 pecks in
1901, and 16 pecks in 1905. The fruit is oblate, of medium size. Skin yellow, some-
times slightly striped with red. Quality good. A good cooking and fair dessert variety.
Season, January and February.
Domine. — One tree planted in 1895. Tree a fair grower. Fruited for the first
time in 1901, yielding 4 pecks. Few specimens in 1905. Fruit oblate, of medium size.
Skin greenish-yellow, partly covered with stripes of light red. Quality good. Season,
February and March.
Duchess. — Synonyms, Oldenburg, Duchess of Oldenburg, New Brunswicker. A
well kno\vn and popular variety that needs no comment. Two trees set in 1893 aver-
aged 7 pecks in 1903, 11 pecks 1901 and 17| pecks in 1905.
Enormous. — One tree was set in 1897. Made strong growth. Fruited first crop
of quantity this season, yielding 10 peclis. Fruit very large, round. Skin yellow;
quality fair. A Russian variety. It is fit for cooking by the middle of August, when
it can be picked with profit. The fruit is ripe early in September and drops easily.
Valuable as a very early cooking sort,
Fameuse. — Synonym, Snow, Snow Apple. Four trees were set in 1890. These
have made strong growth. They bore their first crop of any quantity in 1903, averag-
ing 6i pecks. In 1904 they averaged 11 -62 pecks, and in 1905, 9 -25 pecks. The fruit
is oblate, medium. Skin greenish yellow, nearly covered with red and crimson.
Quality the very best. Season, November and December. One of the best dessert
apples grown. Tree, hardy; fruit very liable to attack of apple scab, which may be
kept in check by spraying with Bordeaux mixture.
Fanny. — Two trees were set in 1897. These have made fair growth. Fruited last
season for the first time. Average yield of tree, 1904, f galls. ; 1905, 2 -88 pecks. Fruit
medium to large, round, oblate, conical. Skin dark red and crimson. Quality fair.
Season, December and January. A promising variety.
Gano. — Two trees were planted in 1897 and two in 1898. These have made very
strong growth. One of those set in 1897, when cari'ying about 6 pecks of fruit was
struck by a strong wind and broken so badly that it was removed. The other tree
yielded 5 pecks in 1903, 13^ pecks in 1904, and 29 peck? in 1905. The fruit is rounds,
conical, medium to large. Skin greenish yellow, covered with dark red. The two trees
set in 1898 averaged 3 pecks in 1904 and 2-J pecks in 1905. Th3 frait of these two
trees is roundish, oblate and not so evenly coloured as the above, being somewhat more
striped. The first set trees more closely resemble the Black Ben Davis, and the latter
are more like Gano. The fruit is similar in quality and very closely resembles the well
known Ben Davis. These two varieties, however, mature here much better than the
Ben Davis.
Grandmother. — Two trees were set in 1897. The trees are upright and vigorous
growers. Frviit oblate, conical, medium to large. Skin greenish white, streaked and
splashed with light red. Quality good. Season, September; of Russian origin. Fruited
16—20
306 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
in 1905, averaging 4^ pecks. Two trees set at the same time called Avoiarius are tlie
same as Grandmother. A fairly good dessert variety.
Grimes. — Synonym, Grimes' Golden. This is a good growing hardy variety, com-
ing into fruit early. The fruit, however, runs small here. The tree is a good producer
and the apple an excellent dessert sort. Season, January and February. Skin, yellow.
A winter dessert apple of good quality for home use or local market.
Haas. — Synonym, Fall Queen. These trees were set in 1890. One has been top
grafted. A strong grower. Fruit oblate, conic, of medium size. Skin greenish
yellow, nearly covered with light red and striped with darker red. Quality poor. Sea-
son December. Average yield 1903, 9| pecks; 1904, 10 pecks, and 1905, 22 pecks. Not
a desirable variety.
Hibernal. — This is a very hardy, vigorous, Russian variety of spreading habit, and
one of the hardiest for extreme northern sections. Fruit oblate, conic, large. Skin
greenish yellow, with dull bronze, red on the sunny side. Valuable only for cooking,
for which it is one of the best. Fruit hangs to the tree well and ripens evenly. Sea-
son, November and December. Tree planted in 1896 produced 3 pecks in 1903, 12
pecks in 1904, and 16J pecks in 1905.
Hurlhut. — Synonym, Hurlburt. The two trees set in 1897 have made fair growth
They bore a good crop in 1904, averaging 8J pecks, and in 1905, 7 pecks. The fruit is
medium to large, oblate, conical. Skin yellow, splashed and striped with red. Quality
good. Season, January. This is a variety that should be more largely planted.
Jonathan. — Two trees were set in 1890. They have made fair growth. They
fruited in 1903, averaging 3 pecks per tree. In 1904, 4 pecks, and in 1905, 9^ pecks.
The fruit as grown here is small to medium, roundish, oblong, conical. Skin yellow,
nearly covered with bright red and shaded into dark red in the sun. Quality good.
Season, January to April. This variety, while of excellent quality, is sometimes too
small to be profitable.
Keswiclc. — Synonj-m, Keswick Codling. Three trees set in 1890. One has been
top grafted. They have made good growth. The two fruited, bearing an average of
21 pecks in 1903; 12 pecks in 1904; 34 pecks in 1905. Fruit round, oblong, conical, of
medium size. Skin greenish yellow, sometimes slightly blushed in sun. Valuable
only as a cooking apple. Season, October and November. Inclined to run small from
setting too much fruit. Should be thinned. Not recommended.
Longfield. — Three trees were set in 1890. They have made strong growth and
have fruited abundantly. The fruit is round, oblong, conic, small to medium. Skin
yellowish white, with blush on sunny side. Quality good. A rather pleasant eating
apple and good for cooking. Very hardy. Season, November and December. Useful
for extreme northern sections.
Mcintosh Bed. — Three trees were set in 1890. They have made fair growth. Two
trees set as ' Princess Louise ' iu 1892 have turned out to be Mcintosh Red. They have
made strong growth. The first trees planted yielded in 1903 an average of 7 -67 pecks
per tree; in 1904, 5*33 pecks, and in 1905, 25 pecks. The last set yielded an average
of 2 pecks in 1904, and 12J pecks in 1905. This variety has done well since 1903.
The fruit has developed perfectly, and this apple may be regarded as one of the very
best apples growing on the farm. This variety belongs to the Fameuse group, and is
liable to scab if not carefully sprayed with Bordeaux; of fine quality for dessert.
Season, December and January. Tree perfectly hardy, a good grower and productive.
Fruit round, oblate, slightly irregular, medium to large. Skin whitish yellow, covered
over nearly the whole surface with dark, rich wine red, shading to pinkish crimson in
the shade. Should be more largely grown.
REPORT OF MR. TV. /Sf. BLAIR 207
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
McMahan. — Synonym, Mc]Mahan Wliite. One tree was planted in 1897. A very
strong, vigorous grower. Fniit large, conical. Skin whitish-yellow. A good cooking
sort. Season, December. One of the best growing trees for top grafting. An excellent
sort for northern sections. Yielded in 1903, 5 pecks ; 1901, 13.V pecks ; in 1905 a few
specimens only.
Melonen. — Synonym, ]Melon. One tree was planted in 1897. A strong grower.
Fruited in 1904, 9i pecks, and in 1905, 18 pecks. Fruit oblate, of m;^dium size. Skin
yellow, somewhat striped with red. Season November. Quality poor. Of Russian
origin. Fruit drops badly just before it is fully matured. Of little value.
Missouri. — Missouri Pippin. Two trees were set in 1897. Made strong groAvth.
They averaged 5 pecks of apples in 1903, 5 pecks in 1904, and 6| pecks in 1905. Fruit
round, oblate, mediiim to small. Skin greenish yellow, splashed and striped with light
and dark red. This variety has so far not succeeded well here, it grows too small to
be profitable.
Northern Spy. — One tree planted in 1892 has made strong growth. It fruited well
this season, the first good crop, yielding 12 pecks. A well known strong growing
variety. One of the best winter sorts.
Northwestern Greening. — Two trees were set in 1897. They made very strong
growth at the start, but have not proved a success. One had to be taken out in 1903
and the other was removed this season. The trouble seems to be that the wood is not
strong enough to support the branches, which break easily with the weight of fruit;
or with ice or snow lodging on the branches after a sleet storm. These trees produced
good crops in 1902-03 and 1904. The fruit is large, round, conical, and of even size.
Skin greenish yellow. Quality fair. Season said to be January and February; with
us this fruit goes bad at the core after the last of January, or in some cases even earlier.
Two other trees of this sort have been planted to give it a further test.
Ontario. — One tree was set in 1890 and one in 1897. These have made fair
growth. The trees came into fruiting early. The first ones planted bore a good crop,
11^ pecks in 1903, in 1904, f peck, and in 1905, 21 j^ecks. The last tree planted fruited,
bearing 4J pecks in 1903, a few only in 1904, and 7 pecks in 1905. This tree has been
sunscalded during the past winter. It is useful principally for cooking. The fruit is
oblate, conic, large. Skin whitish-yellow, red and striped. Season, January and Feb-
ruary.
Ostralcoff. — Two trees of this variety were set in 1890. They have made strong
growth. The average yield of these trees was 5 pecks in 1903, 21| -pecks in 1904, and
12^ pecks in 1905. The fruit is not of high quality and drops badly ju.st before thor-
oughly matured. This sort is the same as the varieties planted as Sultan and White-
Astrachan, which have the same fault. Neither of these sorts are valuable. The fruit
is oblong, conical, of medium size. Skin yellow, somewhat streaked with red. Season,
September.
Patten. — Synonym, Patten's Greening, Patten's Duchess. Two trees were set in
1897. These have made strong growth. A seedling of Duchess. They come into fruit
early. Average yield in 1903, 3| pecks; 1904, 9-37 pecks, and 1905, 8^ pecks. Fruit
large, of even size, roundish, oblate. Skin yellowish-green, with a bronze blush in the
sun. A good cooking variety. Season, December and January. A good sort for north-
ern sections. Tree very hardy.
Peter. — This variety, as grown here, so closely resembles the Wealthy apple that we
consider it the same.
Pewaukee. — Three trees were set in 1890, 2 in 1891 and 2 in 1892. These have all
made very strong growth, this variety being one of our best growing trees. A well
known winter apple of fair quality, but of a greenish colour, which is against it for
IG— 20i
308 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1936
market purposes. It is useful principally for cooking. Season, December. The fruit
has the bad fault of dropping easily just before fully matured. Two trees in the
orchard, protected with shelter of natural spruce, yielded in 1903 an average of 3i
pecks of dropped fruit, and 6 pecks were picked. Three trees in the unprotected
orchard yielded in 1903 an average of 10 pecks of dropped fruit and 8 pecks picked.
In 1905 the two trees in the protected orchard averaged 26| pecks picked and If pecks
dropped, and in the unprotected orchard 3 trees averaged 13 pecks picked, and 2 "33
pecks dropped. The season of 1904 was exceptional for winds.
Pointed Pipha. — Four trees were set in 1896. These have made very strong growth.
The fruit is medium to large, oblong, conical. Skin whitish-yellow, streaked and
splashed with bright red. Flesh white, good. Season last of September. A fairly good
dessert apple of Russian origin. Same as the variety called Basil the Great. Tree
very hardy.
Bed Canada. — Synonym, Canada Red. Two trees were set in 1890. One cankered
badly, made poor growth and was removed. The other has made good growth. It
fruited in 1903, bearing 7i pecks; 1904, 2| pecks, and in 1905, 14 pecks. The fruit is
oblate, conical, of medium size. Skin greenish-yellow, covered nearly with red and
striped with crimson. Quality good. Season, February and March. This is a good
winter sort, and the tree is very hardy.
Russian Tyrol. — One tree was set in 1895, has made strong growth. This is
identical with Longfield, already described.
Scott's Winter. — Two trees were set in 1890. They have made strong growth and
came into bearing early. They averaged 13 pecks in 1903 ; 5^ pecks in 1904, and 6^
pecks in 1905. The fruit is round, conical, small. Skin red striped. Quality fair.
Season, February and March. The fruit of this variety is too small for general market
purposes. Of value only for home use in northern sections, where other winter sorts
will not succeed.
Serlnhia. — Two trees were set in 1890. They have made good growth. Fruited in
1903 averaging 13^ j^ecks per tree. In 1904, 2 -12 pecks, and in 1905, 25 pecks per tree.
The fruit is of medium size, round, oblate. Skin pale yellow, somewhat striped with
red. Quality fair. Season, October. A fairly good cooking and eating fruit.
Snnheam. — One tree was set in 1897. This is a vigorous grower, and productive.
It yielded in 1904, 25 pecks, and in 1905, 25 i pecks. The fruit is of medium size,
roundisV., conical. Skin whitish green with a blush in the sun. The fruit drops badly
just before fully matured. Quality fair. Season, November and December.
Thaler. — Synonym, Charlotteu-Thaler. This seems to be identical with Yellov/
Transparent, with the exception that it may be a few days earlier.
TitovTca. — Synonym, Titus apple. Two trees were set in 1890. They have made
strong growth. Fruited in 1904, bearing 17^ pecks per tree, in 1905 a few specimens
only. The fruit is large, oblate, oblong. Skin greenish-yellow, often nearly covered
with deep red, striped with dark red. Quality fair. Season, September. This is a good
cooking apple. The variety. Little Hat, resembles this and is probably the same.
'Wellington. — Two trees were set in 1893. They have made strong growth. They
averaged per tree in 1903, 18 i)eck5 ; 1904, 8 pecks, and 1905, 24^ pecks. The fruit is
of medium size, round, oblate. Skin yellow with blush on sunny side. Very acid.
Quality good. Season, February to April. Valuable only for cooking. Liked on
the English market on account of its pleasant acidity. A valuable commercial sort.
Inclined to overbear, and run small. Should be thinned.
^Yilliams. — Synonym, Williams' Favourite, Williams' Early. Two trees were set
]"n 1897. These have made good growth. They fruited in 1903, averaging 1 peck per
tree; 1904, o\ pecks, and 1905, 8^ pecks per tree. The fruit is medium to large, round.
REPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR 309
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
oblong, conic. Skin light red ground, but nearly covered with a dark red, striped
somewhat. Quality good. Season, September. An excellent dessert market sort, and
very attractive on account of its tine colour.
Yorh Imperial. — One tree was set in 1897. It has made fair growth and fruited
first in 1902. Fruited in 190J:, 22 pecks; 1905, 12 pecks. The fruit is m^-dium, oblate,
oblique. Skin yellow, shaded with crimson, and indistinctly striped with red. Quality
fair. Season, February to April. Somewhat inclined to be undersized.
Yellow Transparent. — A well known early variety. A valuable cooking apple, use-
ful only for local markets and home use. A good eating apple when fully ripe. Five
trees set in 1890 have made fair growth. They have fruited well. The average yield
from these trees is as follows : — 1903, 2^ pecks ; 1904, 5 -6 pecks ; and 1905, 13 -7 pecks.
These set their first fruit in 1893. Trees hardy. Season, last of August.
SOIL :y:oiSTURE expeeimexts.
Experiments to determine the moisture contents of soils when cultivated, as com-
pared with those cropped were again conducted this season. The experiment included
six different plots, each 25 feet wide and 400 feet long. Samples of the soil from these
plots were taken at intervals of two weeks during the season to a depth of 14 inches
by using round galvanized iron canisters which were driven into the ground to that
depth and the column of soil removed. These samples were sent to Ottawa, where they
were examined in the chemical laboratory of the Experimental Farms, and their
moisture contents determined. The plots were alongside each other and the soil was
of a fairly uniform character.
Plot No. 1. — The soil of this plot was in strawberries in 1903-04. The ground was
ploughed early in the fall of 1904. It was thoroughly worked up on May 16 with the
disc and springtooth harrows, and again once worked with the springtooth harrow be-
fore seeding to oats on May 23. The grain was sown with the seed drill at the rate of
3 bushels per acre. The growth of straw was good, averaging 36 inches. The crop
suffered greatly for want of rain during the latter part of its growth and as a conse-
quence the seed did not fill out well. The crop was harvested September 2. The
ground had been seeded to timothy and clover with the oats. The grass and clover
seed started fairly well, but owing to the dry weather at this date, October 30, there
is not sufficient growth to cover the ground.
Plot No. 2. — The groimd of this plot was in oats during 1904, having been seeded
to clover and timothy with the oats in the spring of that year. The growth of clover
this season was good, and the crop was cut for hay July 20, having made a growth of
from 34 to 38 inches, averaging 2 J tons per acre.
Plot No. S. — This plot was also in oats in 1904, having been seeded to timothy and
clover in the spring of that year. The growth of clover was similar to that on plot Xo.
2, which it adjoined. This plot was cut with the mower when the crop was about 12
inches high on June 16, and the crop allowed to remain as a mulch. The clover was
fairly thick. The plot was cut a second time July 8, when about the same growth
had been made. The clover was again left as a mulch, which was fairly thick. The
intention was to cut again in two or three weeks ; biit owing to extremely dry weather
very little more growth was made during the season, and the crop was not again cut.
The material left as a mulch soon di'ied out and was of very little use in conserving
moisture.
310
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903
Plot No. Jf. — The ground of this plot was in strawberries in 1902-03 and '04. The
ground was well worked up with the disc and springtooth harrows on May 16, 1905. It
was again harrowed on May 23 with the springtooth harrow. On June 6 and 15 this
ground was again harrowed, and on the latter date crimson clover at the rate of 30
pounds per acre was drilled in with the seeder. This made a quick start and soon
covered the ground. The growth averaged about 13 inches by the middle of August.
Very little growth was made after that date, the ground being practically dried out.
Plot No. 5. — The ground of this plot was previously treated as plot No. 4, it hav-
ing been in strawberries and was ploughed early last fall. In 1905 this ground was
cultivated in the same manner as plot No. 4, during the first part of the season, viz.,
until June 20, when it was thoroughly worked up with a land grubber to a depth of 5
inches. The soil was again worked with the springtooth harrow on July 4 and 20, and
at the latter date crimson clover at the rate of 25 lbs. per acre was sown broadcast and
harrowed in with the springtooth harrow. The clover started rather slowly, but has
made a thick growth of about six inches, which thoroughly covers the ground at this
date, October 30.
Plot No. 6. — The ground on this plot was treated as plot No. 5 in every respect,
except that no cover crop was sown, and the land was left without any cultivation
whatever after July 20. A few weeds started up on this ground, otherwise no plants
were growing on it.
The moisture contents bi these differently treated plots is given in the following
table :—
Percentage of Moisture in Plots.
Date when Samples
were taken.
Plot No. 1.
Plot No. 2.
Plot No. 3.
Plot No. 4.
Plot No. 5.
Plot No. 6.
May 15 ...
Per c
17
16
15
16
11
5
5
5
12
11
9
ent.
40
37
54
30
02
63
17
01
66
22
34
Per cent.
1604
14-23
14-88
19 06
808
726
5-91
417
10-52
9-05
6-71
Perc
17
13
15
18
11
7
5
4
12
10
8
ent.
33
83
94
52
77
12
64
37
58
61
01
Per c
16
15
16
17
13
9
7
5
11
9
6
ent.
50
25
19
50
89
73
87
26
47
24
69
Per c
16
16
15
17
15
15
14
9
14
12
9
ent.
28
97
78
97
65
50
11
97
68
67
44
Per c
17
14
IS
17
14
15
14
14
16
13
11
ent.
76
June 1
.. 16
M 29
July 17
74
02
92
59
August 2 . . .
15
30
Soptumber 18
02
03
36
31
October 3
06
18
34
The object of this investigation was to learn to what extent the failure of fruit
trees to grow properly in soils cropped with grains and grasses is due to a lack of
moisture. It is a well known fact that trees growing in soil having an abundant sup-
ply of plant food may not in some seasons prodvice well or make satisfactory growth
if grass or grain crops occupy the orchard soil at the same time. These latter crops
are especially exhaustive of soil moisture, large^quantities of which are used in their
development, consequently the soil is, as these experiments show, rendered too dry for
tiie proper development of trees which require the whole season for their growth.
Plot No. 4 was seeded to crimson clover to determine whether sufiicient moisture
would be conserved by cultivating only to the middle of _ June and then seeding to a
cover crop in place of following the usual practice of cultivating to the middle of July
and sowing a cover crop. It was also desired to ascertain if the crop of crimson clover
n SPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR
311
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
would shade tlie ground sufficiently to act as a mulcii, and lessen evaporation from the
soil surface, and in this way offset the loss by transpiration. It would appear in this
connection, however, that the moisture taken from the ground by the plants was far
greater than that conserved by them through the shade afforded by the foliage. The
iigures given show that this plot was too dry for proper plant development during the
greater part of the season.
It will be seen that in plot No. 6 at no time during the season did the moisture
fall below 10 per cent. It will also be noticed' by referring to the above table that plot
No. 5 only twice went below 10 per cent. This would seem to show that even in a sea-
son as dry as that of 1905, cover crops of crimson clover sown after the middle of July,
on soil that has previously been properly cultivated to conserve moisture, will not dry
out tlie ground to such an extent as to prevent a proper development of fruit and wood
growth. It is apparent that the conditions prevailing in plots Nos. 1, 2 and 3, so far as
moisture content is concerned, were not at all favourable for fruit tree development,
and consequently the growing of grass or grain crops in the orchard is not advisable
if best results are to be obtained.
The season has been exceptionally dry, especially since June. The following table
gives the rainfall and the date on which the rain occurred from April 1 to November
1 1905 :—
Eainfall, 1905.
April.
May.
.J\me.
Ji
Date.
2
3
15
2G
27
31
jly.
In.
•45
•12
•82
•08
•03
•06
August.
September.
October.
Date. In.
1 08
21 -40
22 -62
25 14
Date. In.
2 ^76
4 ^04
7 -18
8 -40
10 ^74
18 •SO
20 •U
21 •ll
23 05
30 •lO
Date. In.
2 -341
3 05
6 -65
8 •121
12 ^07"
13 44
14 12
17 04
18 -12
2<i 11
27 -92
28 •SI
Date.
1
2
4
7
23
30
In.
•06
•101
•12"
•62
•03i
•59"
Date.
4
5
6
13
14
18
19
26
In.
133
•15
•44
•04
•85
04
•05
•48
Date. In.
9 04
11 •OS
18 ^26
19 •ig
20 •ig
21 15
22 -33
1
'
Total.. 1-24
302
3-30
1-56
1-53
3^38
1-29
Total Rainfall for the same period in 1904 and 1903.
1904... 2-92
1903... 3 57
1-76
•68
174
2-29
2 15
207
3-51
2-40
4-52
363
5-00
5-78
EXPEEIMENTS TO CONTROL THE PEA WOEM.
Acting on the advice of Dr. Jas. Eletcher, Entomologist and Botanist of the Do-
minion Experimental Farms, Ottawa, some experiments were conducted this season to
ascertain whether spraying pea vines and pods with a paris green mixture would prove
a satisfactory remedy for the pea worm.
The strength of mixture used on the early plots was i pound paris green to 40
gallons of water, to which one pound of whale oil soap was added so that the mixture
would adhere to the plant better. One plot of the variety Heroine was treated later
with a stronger solution of paris green and water, J pound paris green to 40 gallons of
312
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
water being used. The plots were once sprayed thoroughly just after the pods were
formed, except the plot of Heroine, which in addition to being sprayed on July 20 with
the I pound paris green to 40 gallons of water, was again sprayed July 29 with h pound
paris green to 40 gallons of water.
The results obtained would seem to indicate that spraying the plants with a paris
green solution just as the pods are beginning to form is too early in the growth of the
plant to get the best results.
It will also be seen that early varieties of pease are much less liable to injui-y from
the pea worm that the later sorts, and pease which are fit to use from the first to the
middle of August are the most injured by the pea worm.
The following results were obtained : —
Variety Treated.
Date when
sprayed.
Date when
jjulled.
How Treated.
Number
of pods
shelled.
Alaska
Gradus
American Wonder
Heroine
July 8
., 1.5
„ 20
-, 20 and 29
July 20
„ 25.
Aug. 1
„ 17.
f Paris green ,
None
ParLs green .
None
Paris green .
None
Paris green .
None
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
Per cent
wormy.
4
-3
7
8
n
11
STRAWBERRIES.
In addition to the small plots of strawberries set in the spring of 1904, several
larger plots of some of the most promising varieties were planted. Each plot consisted
of two rows set 3 feet apart, and one foot apart in the rows. The runners were allowed
to spread and at the end of the season the two rows had made sufficient growth to covei*
the ground between the rows fairly well. The runners on the outside of these two rows
were kept cut one foot from the rows. This made practically a matted row 5 feet wide
of each plot.
The ground was a light sandy loam, which had not been manured since the spring
of 1899, after which a crop of corn was taken off. The soil was well worked up and
complete fertilizer and bone meal in equal parts at the rate of 800 lbs. per acre was
used by sowing it broadcast and harrowing in before the plants were put out. The
planting was done May 23.
The Warfield and Senator Dunlap have as usual given the best results. The Glen
Mary and Clyde are two good sorts for local markets, but are too soft for .^hipping to
any distance. The Lovett is rather small, otherwise is a good berry. The Beder Wood
did not do as well as usual. The fruit was small and the plants not at all vigorous.
The Howard No. 41 is not a desirable sort. The Warfield is inclined to run small
towards the last pickings, and the plants are not very vigorous. The fruit stands ship-
ment well, and as the plant is prolific and the fruit takes well in the market we con-
sider it one of the best commercial varieties here. The Senator Dunlap is an excellent
berry and may be recommended for commercial planting. The fruit is medium to
large, conical, occasionally flattened slightly or ribbed; colour a dark rich crimson.
Flesh firm and fine in texture, red throughout. Quality good, sprighth-. Flowers
I)erfect, having abundant pollen. The plants are strong, vigorous growers, probably
the best berry we have yet tested here.
REPORT OF AIR. W. S. BLAIR
313
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Three varieties of the Alpine, or perpetual strawberry have been tested during
the past 4 years. They were St. Joseph, St. Antoine and Jeanne d'Arc. -The quality
of this fruit is excellent, but outside of that there is nothing to recommend them.
The fruit is small. The plants are not everbearing; in fact, they have a shorter season
with us than many of the commonly cultivated varieties. They are of no value from a
commercial standpoint.
The size of these plots and the dates on which the fruit was picked, together with
the yield per acre as calculated from the quantity produced on the plots, is given in
the following table: —
Strawberries — Test of Varesties.
Variety.
Date when Picked.
Size of
Plot.
Yield
per
Acre.
Senator JJunlap .
Warfield
Glen Mary ....
Lovett
Clyde
Beder Wood
Howard's No. 41
Per.
Imp.
Per.
Per.
Per.
Per.
Imp.
Qts.
23
22
Qts.
37
29
2
13
7J
13"
7
Qts.
69
82
28
10
18
12
13
Qts.
51
18
12
12
7
11
5
Qts.
8
24
12
14
Qts. Qts
197
179
61
40
55
29
Feet.
5 X 148i
5 X 14Si
5x66
5x66
5x49^
5x824
5x49*
Qts.
11,557
10,501
8,052
7,986
7,040
5,808
5,101
GARDEX PEASE.
Eifty-two varieties of garden pease were tested this year. The plots were on soil
of a uniform character, and in a fair state of fertility. The seed was sown in rows
21 feet apart. May 6, and the pease were planted about 2 inches deep and 2 inches apart
in the rows. Each plot was 2 rows 161 feet long. One row was allowed to ripen seed,
and on the other row the pease were picked when fit for market, and the quantity of
marketable green pods obtained. The following table gives the yield from these plots,
together with other notes taken on the varieties.
The variety Early Excelsior is an exceptionally early and valuable dwarf pea.
Thomas Laxton continues to give best results as a second early sort. The extra Early
Leviathan about the same season as Thomas Xaxton, is not as good, judging from one
test. Carter's Early Morn is practically the same as Gradus. The variety E-ivenhall
Wonder is a fine medium late kind. Juno is the best late kind tested.
3U
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Garden Pease — Test of Varieties.
Variety.
c
Alaska
Station
New Surprise
Gregory's Surprise .
Early Excelsior. . . .
Burpee's Extra Early.
Chelsea
Electric Light
First and Best
Gradus
Prosperity
Thomas Laxton ....
Nott's Excelsior
A I
Nott's Excelsior
Philadelphia
Claudit
Early Morn
William Hurst
Premium Gem
Dwarf Wrinkled Sugar.
Prolific
Sutton's Excelsior
Sutton's Forcing .
Mel ting Marrow..
King of Dwarfs. . .
New Second Early.
Rivenhall Wonder
British Wonder
Admiral Dewey . . .
Boston Unrivalled
Improved Senator.
Hor.sford's Market. . .
McLean's Advancer .
Prodigious
Prince Edward
Duke of Albany
Dwarf Champion.. . . .
American Champion .
Dwarf Telephone
Champion of England.
Duke of York
Abundance . .
Yorkshire Hero
Stanley .'
Hurst's Reliance
Peifection
Magnum Bonum
Daisy
Juno
Telephone . .
Fillbasket..
Length
of
Plot.
Inche.s. Inches.
3G
36
36
36
18
31
20
27
:>9
40
40
40
18
40
20
36
42
36
18
22
22
37
20
18
20
22
45
20
20
.'55
55
48
30
,S0
55
42
42
22
57
20
57
56
30
31
41
46
47
3t
24
24
50
24
2i to 2|
2k „ 2|
2i „ 2^
2i
2h
3"
3
2+
3i
si
3"
2|
3
3
2h
3h
3i
3
2h
2i
21
3
2h
n
3k
4
3
4
3f
3|
3.^
3\
3\
n
3h
3'
3
n
Number
of
Peas in
Pod.
3\ „ 3^
3? ,. 4i
4' „ \l
5 to
5 u
3 ., 3i
3 , 4"
4 .. 4i
3!| M 4i
3\ u 4
3h M 4h
S| „ 4|
D.\TE OF Picking.
July 24. July 31.
Total
Yield
from
Plot.
Lbs. Oz. Lbs. Oz. Lbs. O/..
10
9
7
8
8
8
5 2
6 10
6 '8
5 4
5 11
4 6
4
3 3
July 28.
6 8
6 3
3 2
5 4
4
5
6 2
4
3 8
2 10
3 6
July 31.
4 5
5 4
3
2 4
6 4
Aug. 7.
6
6 4
5 4
11 4
10 8
5 0
3
3
9
9
4
2
2
2
Aug
4
4
2
2
3
4
3
3
Aug. 14.
3 4
6
5 3
4
4
12
12
10
6
8
3
12.
0
4
10
8
9
4
9
3
9
13
1
4
2
2
4
2
Aug. 4.
2 2
1 2
5 5
3 12
5 2
5 11
2
4 8
1 4
6 12
3
2 12
Aug. 7.
5 8
1
1 2
1 5
1
Aug. 14.
2 3
2 6
3 12
Aug. 17.
8 11
2
10
3
13
14
14
9
8
2
2
4
2
6
3
Aug. 17.
4 8
5
4 8
4 1
4 7
2 6
6
8 2
Aug. 21.
12
2
9
12
13
11
9
9
12
10
8
14
6
11
io
4
4
10
13
4
3
10
i2
10
1
15
(i
6
15
I
4
6
8
G
8
1
U
14
io
REPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR
315
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
GARDEN PEASE — SINGLE VS. DOUBLE ROWS.
Eight varieties of garden pease were sown in plots 33 feet long, each plot occupy-
ing an area 2^ feet wide. In one set of plots one row was planted down the centre
of the plot, and in the other series 2 rows 6 inches apart were planted down the centre
of the plot. The object of the experiment was to determine the gain, if any, of plant-
ing 2 rows of garden pease together instead of only one. The double rowed plots re-
quire much greater labour in hoeing, whereas in the single rows very little hand hoeing
is necessary, the work being done with a horse and cultivator.
The yield was greater in the double rowed plots, and the general appearance of the
plots for market decreased in value in proportion to the thickness of the vine growth
on the double rowed plots. In the remarks on the general appearance of the pods when
gathered, 10 points is taken as a standard of perfection. It will be seen that the dwarf
kinds, Nott's Excelsior and American Wonder, were much more perfect in the double
row plots than the variety Heroine. This was due to the much greater vine growth of
the latter, which prevented proper development of pods when the vines trailed on the
ground.
The yield from these plots is given in the following table : —
Single vs. Double Eows of Garden Pease.
Variety.
Kind of Row.
When Picked.
Total
Yield
from
Plot.
Taking 10
as point
of
Excell-
ence.
July 24.
July 29.
Double
Single...
Lbs. Oz.
12 7
6 8
12 10
8 14
July 28.
13 6
8 11
16 10
Lbs. Oz.
3 4
1 2
5
i 4
Aug. 4.
2 12
Lbs. Oz.
15 11
7 10
17 10
10 2
ifi 9.
9i
10
Station
Double
Single
Double
Single
Double . .
Single
9i
10
Prosperity
8
1 2 0 1.^
10
Gradus ,
9.
18 10
9 2
18 10
13 12
19 4
11 12
17 12
10 8
20 12
11 10
8
8 8 10
10
Thomas Laxton
Double
Single
17 10
13
July 31.
19 4
11 12
15 8
8 8
Aug. 7.
12
8 6
1
12
Aug. 7.
10
Nott's Excelsior
Double
Single
Double
Single
Double
10
2 4
2
Aug. 17.
8 12
3 4
10
American Wonder
9h
Heroine
10'
Gi
Single
9
GARDE
N PEASE — STAKED VS.
NOT STAE
:ed.
Th'3 object of this experiment was to determine the value of putting stakes G
inches apart for the pea vines to cling to in place of letting them go on the ground.
Stakes of alder bushes about 4 feet long with many of the branches left on were used.
One series of these plots consisted of single rows 2^ feat apart, and the other series
316
EXPERIMENTAL FA RM S
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903
consisted of two rows planted 6 inches apart and 2i feet from the center between these
two rows to the center between the next two rows. Tho plots were all treated in a
similar manner. They were all cultivated alike, and were sown at the same time. The
stakes were stuck when the plants were 6 inches high.
It will be seen from the results that the yield from the single rows staked was
not very materially greater than those not staked. The double rows, however, gave a
better crop than the single ones. It was also quite apparsnt that the pods from the
staked plots were much superior to those from the unstaked plots. This was es-pe-
cially the case with the double rows. This was no doubt due to the fact that when the
vines are trailing on the ground the pods do not have the conditions so favourable for
their development as they do when supported, and a single row not staked has a much
better chance for proper development than two rows occupying practically the same
space.
From the information obtained, it would appear to be safe to conclude that in
small gardens it is a decided advantage to stake even half tall varieties and that to
plant two rows 6 inches apart and allow a 2-foot space to the next row is much preferable
to a single row 24 feet apart, and produces about double the crop. On the other hand,
the same niamber of stakes required for a single row will stake a double row by setting
the stakes between the two rows. There is more difficulty in hoeing when double rows
are planted. In large areas for market the most economical method is to run single
rows 2 feet apart, and they can be so cultivated that very little hand hoeing is neces-
sary. In large commercial areas staking the vines would bs impracticable.
The following yields were obtained from these" plots, each of which was one row
33 feet long. The yield per acre is calculated from the quantity obtained from these
plots, and the bushels -pev acre was computed by allowing 40 pounds to the bushel.
The variety used was Thomas Laxton, which weighs, of green peas in pod, 40 lbs. per
b\ishel : —
EXPERIMEXTS WITH StAKED VS. NOT StAKED GaEDEX PeASE.
Variety, Thomas Laxton and
Date when Picked.
Total Yield
per Plot.
Yield
per Acre.
Yield
how treated.
July 29.
Aug. 4.
per Acre.
Staked, single row
Not staked, single ua\-
Staked, double row
Not staked, double row
Lbs. Oz.
14 12
10 G
20
17
Lbs. Oz.
4 4
2 4
9 10
2 12
Lbs. Oz.
19
18 10
29 10
19 12
Lbs.
10,032
9,834
15.040
10,428
Bush. Lbs.
250 S2
245 34
391
260 28
GABDEN BEANS.
Eight of the sorts which have given the best results in the past were sown this
year in plots of one row, each 49J feet long. The rows were 24 feet apart. The ground
on which these were gro\\m was of a uniform character, and in a fair state of fertility.
The seed wps planted May 29. The following table gives the dates on which the mar-
ketable snap beans were picked, and the yield per plot and per acre: —
1
REPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR
317
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Variety.
Colour of
Pod.
Bountiful Green .
^Market Wax Golden
Lightning Green .
Davis Wax Golden
Early Warwick Grein .
Low's Champion
Extra Early Edible Podded.
Longfellow
Date when Picked.
Aug. 4. Aug. 12. Aug. 18. Aug. 25.
Lbs. Oz.
Lbs. Oz.
Lbs. Oz.
6
11 4
5
Lbs. Oz.
14
Yield
l^er Plot.
Lbs. Oz.
2
12
6
's
12
2
3
Yield
per Aero.
Lbs.
ll,GfiO
10,824
10,692
10,208
9,680
8,008
7,436
6,050
The variety Bountiful is one of the best green pod market beans tested here. The
Lightning is a splendid variety, and it is especially rust-resistant, being much more
so than the Bountiful. The Davis Wax rusted badly this year, as did the Keeney's
Eustless Was. The early Giant Wax and Best of All both are fine sorts. The Market
Wax again proved to be equal to any of the golden podded varieties. Valentine Wax is
a very prolific round Golden Pod variety. Longfellow vre would not recommend. Low's
Champion is a good one.
TOMATOES.
Fifty varieties of tomatoes were under test this season. The plants were started
in the hot-bed April 1 ; transplanted to strawberry boxes, one plant to a box, April 13.
These were planted in the open ground May 12, in rows 4 feet apart, and the plants
4 feet apart in the rows. Eight plants of each variety were planted.
The soil on which these were grown was used last year for cabbage, and was in a
fair state of fertility. It was a light loam, rather deficient in humus. Bone meal and
complete fertilizer mixed in equal parts was sown at the rate of 500 lbs. per acre broad-
cast, and harrowed in before the plants were put out.
The variety Spark's Earliana still continues to be the best sort for these provinces.
Owing to « late spring and early fall frosts the season here for tomatoes is practically
limited to 3 months — from June 15 to September 15— hence only the earliest ripening
tomatoes are suitable for profitable planting. Spark's Earliana is the best smooth early
variety yet tried. It has good size, and although the fruit is not as regular and smooth
as it was when first introduced, yet it is better here in this respect than any of the
other early kinds tried.
A very satisfactory method to follow in order to keep good, smooth stock of any
variety is to select seed from the plants that produce regular smooth, early ripening
fruit. Some of the most successful growers obtain the bulk of their seed by following
this method.
The variety Tenderloin and Livingston's Globe are two sorts tested this season
for the first time. Neither of these, judging from one season's test, are of any value
for the maritime provinces. The former is a rough, late sort, and the latter large and
smooth, but very late, and quite subject to rot. The variety Dominioc Cay, about a
week later than Earliana but very prolific, has with us grown very* rough fruit. The
Chalk's Early Jewel has been under test for 3 years. It is a good, smooth tomato,
fully 8 days later than Earliana, and much more liable to rot. We have found that
318
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1935
seed of Earliana does not germinate as easily as most other sorts, hence more care is
necessary in starting this variety.
Experinaents were conducted with Spark's Earliana to ascertain to what extent
pinching off the top of the plant when about 5 inches high would increase the produc-
tion of early fruit. By so doing side branches are started and instead of having a
plant with only one stalk, 4 or 5 stalks are obtained, and instead of having only one
flower cluster, several branches are had with flower clusters just as far advanced. This
is a question of special importance in these provinces where at best the ripening of the
fruit is very difiiciilt.
Thirty-four plants of Earliana were pinched off May 10, and thirty-four others
were left to grow up as a single stalk. These were started from seed sov>m April 1,
and planted in strawberry boxes, one plant to a box, April 18.
The plants were put in the open ground June 12, by simply cutting the boxes
and setting the plants without disturbing the earth at the roots. The vines were grown
withoiit stakes. The soil was a light loam. Complete fertilizer and bone meal mixed
half and half was used by spreading broadcast around the places where the plants
were to occupy, and digging it in well before planting. This was used at the rate of
1,000 lbs. per acre. The plants were set in rows 4 feet apart and 4 feet apart in the
rows. Each plot was Vs2.5 of an acre, or two rows G6 feet long and 4 feet wide. The
crop obtained from this area is given in the following table. The yield per acre is
calculated from the quantity obtained from these plots: —
Variety Earliana.
Ripe Fruit Picked.
Aug.
26th.
Pinched Back
Not Pinched Back .
Lb5.
1
An?.
30th.
Lbs.
12i
6
Sept.
2nd.
Lbs.
S0|
20J
Sept.
9th.
Lbs.
in
471
Sept.
15th.
Lbs.
129
97i
Sept.
25th.
Lbs.
94|
lOia
Green
fruit
picked
Sept.
25th.
Lbs.
103i
226
Total
ripe
fruit per
plot.
Lbs.
517i
518i
Total
yield of
ripe
fruit per
acre.
B"u. Lbs.
711 12
712 35
Total
yield of
green
fruit per
acre.
Bu. Lbs.
225 9
310 45
Total
yield
per
acre.
Bu. Lbs.
93G21
1,023 20
ONIONS.
Five of the leading sorts of onions were tested this season. The ground on which
they were grown was a light clay loam in a fairly good state of fertility, having been
in onions the previous year. The ground was well worked up with the land grubber
to a depth of six inches. Wood ashes at the rate of 1,000 lbs. per acre and complete
fertilizer at the rate *of 500 lbs. per acre were sown broadcast and harrowed in with the
smoothing harrow. The plants were planted on the level ground in rows one foot
apart and about 3 inches apart in the rows.
The seed was started in the hot-bed April 5, in boxes having about six inches of
soil. The plants were transplanted from these boxes to the open ground May 25. Seed
is better sown the third week in March, so that the plants will be in good condition
for transplanting about the middle of May. It requires from 7 to 8 weeks to develop
good plants. This season being exceptionally dry the plants did not make as good
growth as usual.
The crop was pulled October 4, and the yield per acre is calculated from the
weight obtained from one row 66 feet long.
REPORT OF MR. W. S. BLAIR
319
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Experiments with Onions.
Variety.
Golden Globe
Australian Brown
Australian Yellow Globe
Prizetaker
Large Red Wethersfield .
Yield
Yield
per Plot.
per Acre.
Lbs.
Bush.
56
616
50
550
65
715
70
770
70
770
Remarks.
Matured good.
Matured fair.
EAELY POTATOES.
Eight varieties of early potataas were planted on a light loam. The ground was
manured at the rate of 30 one-horse cart loads of stable manure per acre the previous
fall. This was worked up in the spring and rows were made 2^ feet apart and about
4 inches deep with the double mouldboard plough. The seed was planted one foot apart
in the rows and covered about 4 inches deep. The ground was later harrrowed over
once, and after being cultivated several times between the rows the plants, when six
inches high, were hilled up by using the double mouldboard plough.
The object of this experiment was to determine which variety would produce the
largest quantity of marketable tubers for the early market. The seed was planted May
18, and the first digging was on August 5, and the second on August 18. The Irish
Cobbler again produced the largest quantity of marketable tubers. The Early Andes
deserves special mention for its quality. The following table gives the yield per acre
from these plots. Each plot was. one row 66 feet long : —
Experiments with Early Potatoes.
Early Michigan . . .
Early Andes
Bovce
Early Envoj'
Pearces Ex. Early .
Early Sunrise
Rochester Rose . .
Irish Cobbler
Dug August 5.
Marketable.
Bush. Lbs.
176
144
110
107
144
137
136
209
Not
Marketable.
Bush. Lbs.
.53
38
75
72
70
78
72
53
54
30
54
36
24
6
36
54
Dug August 18.
Marketable.
Not
Marketable.
Bush. Lbs. Bush. Lbs.
303
248
268
303
299
248
253
316
38
22
33
24
38
26
26
33
30
12
30
24
24
320 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-0 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
LIST OF THE BEST VEGETABLES TO GROW.
From several years' experience in testing many of the different varieties of vege-
tables now advertised by seed merchants in Canada and the United States, the follow-
ing may be recommended as equal to any of thos-e so far tested here : —
Pease, Tall. — Extra early : Surprise. Early : Thomas Laxton. Medium : Admiral
Dewey. Late: Telephone Dwarf. Extra early: Early Excelsior. Early: Nott'a
Excelsior. Medium: Rivenhall Wonder. Late: Juno.
Tomatoes. — Sparks' Eri.rliana.
Beans. — Green Pod. Early: Bountiful and Lightning. Late: Refugee or 1000
to 1. Golden Pod : Market Wax and Valentine Wax.
Corn. — Extra early : Extra Early Beverly. Early : Extra Early Cory and Premo.
Medium: Crosby's Early.
Cucumbers. — White Spine.
Squash. — Autumn: Boston Marrow and Golden Hubbard. Late: Hubbard.
Parsnips.— ^Hollow Crown and Lnproved Hr'.lf Long.
Carrots. — Chantenay
Onions. — Prizetaker and Australian Brown.
Lettuce. — Curled: Black Seeded Simpson. Cabbage: Improved Salamander.
Cahhage. — Extra early : Paris Market. Early : Jersey Wakefield. Medium : Early
Spring and Succession. Late: Late Flat Dutch. Red: Mammoth Rock Red.
Celery. — Paris Golden Yellow Self-blanching, Improved White Plume and Per-
fection Heart swell.
Cauliflower. — Early Erfurt.
- Beets. — Extra early : Egyptian Turnip. Early : Eclipse.
Spinach. — Victoria.
Salsify. — Sandwich Island.
Radishes. — French Breakfast and Icicle. Winter: Scarlet China.
Parsley. — Double Curled.
'Citron Melon. — Colorado Mammoth.
Water Melons. — Cole's Early.
Egg Plant. — New York Improved Purple.
Brussels Sprouts. — Improved Dwarf.
Kale. — Dwarf Green Curled.
Asparagus. — Conover's Colossal and Argenteuil.
Bhuharh. — ^Linnaeus and Victoria.
Turnips. — Goldei: Ball and Selected Purple Top Swede.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
W. S. BLAIR,
Horticulturist.
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906
EXPERIMENTAL FARM FOR MANITOBA
REPOET OF S. A. BEDFORD, SUPERINTENDENT.
Brandon, Man., November 30, 1905.
To Dr. Wm. Saunders, C.M.G.,
Director, Dominion Experimental Farms,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit, herewith, my eighteenth annual report with
details of experiments undertaken and work accomplished on the Experimental Farm
for the province of Manitoba.
The past winter was a very pleasant one, with abundance of sunshine and very
little snow.
The month of March was unusually mild and free from storms of all kinds.
Several wild plants were in bloom on the 31st. The first seeding of grain was done on
the 31st of that month, about ten days earlier than the average. The soil at this date
w-as in excellent condition for seeding.
April was unusually dry and favourable for seeding, and nearly all the wheat was
sown under the very best of conditions by the close of the month.
The rainfall during May and June was excessive, and in the Red river valley much
of the young grain was seriously injured, but on this farm and in "Western Manitoba
generally no damage ensued.
The month of July was unusually favourable for all kinds of farm produce, and
growth was very ranlc, so much so on this farm that a very large proportion of the
grain was badly lodged, and at one time it threatened to be an unusually late harvest,
but towards the end of August the temperature increased and grain of all kinds matured
very rapidly.
During harvest the weather was quite favourable, there was no killing frost until
September 11, when the thermometer indicated 5 degrees of frost. The crops were
then all saved, hence there was no injury from this cause.
The yield of all kinds of grain was above the average, and the province rejoices in
one of the most abundant harvests in its history.
On the Experimental Farm nearly all kinds of grain, roots and fodder plants gave
unusually large returns.
EXPERIMENTS WITH SPRING WHEAT.
Owing to the abundant rainfall during June and July, spring wheat on summer-
fallow lodged badly, and at one time it was feared that serious injury would again
result from rust, but fortunately conditions were more favourable during August,
1905, and very little injury resulted from this cause. For some reason nearly all the
spring wheat grown in Western Canada this year is light in colour, and very little of
it grades No. 1 hard. On this farm nearly all of the wheat grades No. 1 northern, and
the kernels are plump and well matured.
A feature of this year's crop w.as the excellent quality of the straw of Preston
wheat. This was quite evident both in the small plots as well as in the larger fields.
16—21 321
322
EXPERIMENT^iL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903
Both Ked and White Fife were badly lodged, but Preston stood up fairly v.-oll, and no
doubt this fact accounts largely for the better returns obtained from the latter variety.
In many parts of this province the injury from smut in wheat has been greater
this year than usual, and much loss has resulted. On this Farm all seed grain is
treated with either bluostone or formalin, and there has been no injury whatever from
this cause. Where the wheat has been treated and smut appears it is evident, either
that the proper jaroportion of the drug has not been used or the work has been done
carelessly.
Thirty varieties of spring wheat were sown this season on April 10 and 12, side by
side, on black loam fallowed, the plots being one-twentieth of an acre each.
Wheat — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
Preston. . . .
2j Laurel
SiWhite Fife
Huron
Advance
ReA Fife . .. .
Well man's Fife. . . .
Haynes' Blue Stem
Power's Fife
10 Minne>ota No. 1G.3.
lliPercy...-
12|Ri^a
13[Bishop
14, Stanley
15iPringie's Chamjihii;
IGjDawii
IZjMonarch
18| Australian No. 9...
19,Heri>son I'earded. .
20 Downy Pdga
2liMcKendry's Fife .
2-2: Chester
23jWhite Russian
24 Hungarian White. .
25'Early Kiga
26 Colorado
27jWeldon
28|Counteg3
29,Clyde
30 Red Fern
Date
of
Ripen-
ing.
Aug.
136
138
141
136
138
141
142
141
139
141
137
134
129
136
136
136
142
140
In.
.54
54
51
54
51
49
57
54
52
53
53
47
48
53
47
53
50
50
139' 47
128 47
142 52
136
141
138
130
137
140
137
138
136
Stiff.
Fair."
Stiff.
Fair.
Fair. .
Stiff. '.
Weak
Fair. .
Stiff. .
Weak
.Stiff. .
Weak.
Fair. .
-^K
In.
Kind
of
Head.
Bearded.
Bald . . .
3|
4
4 I Bearded.
3r-| M
sliBald
4
4
3i
4"
4
3i
3i
4"
Bearded.
Bald . . . .
Bearded
Bald . . . .
3.?
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4i
3h
3j!Bearded.
Bearded.
Bald
Bald
Bearded.
-ceo
Lbs.
5,480
7,260
5,960
6,480
5,600
3,680
6,800
6,120
6,760
6,980
6,100
5,640
5,480
5,780
5,700
6,100
6,800
7,340
5.340'
4,900
6,200
6,560
7,360
5,400
5,000
5.400
6,440
4,650
5,640
4,600
Yield
ppp
Acre.
52 ..
47 40
47 20
47 ..
46 40
45 20
45 ..
44 40
44 ..
43 40
43 20
42 40
42 ..
42 ..
41 40
41 40
41 ..
41 ..
41 ..
40 ..
40 ..
39 ..
39 ..
38 20
38 ..
30 40
36 ..
36 ..
34 20
3.^ 20
"^1
Ru.sted.
Lbs
60 Considerably.
58i Slightly.
56 J; Considerably.
60i!
60_5 Slightly.
60i ~ ■ "
58i
Gli
00"
59
Considerably.
Slightly.
Considerably.
Slightly.
Considerably.
57
55|
59
61
57
60i Slightly.
Consideri'.bl}'.
Badly.
Shghtly.
Badly.
Sligutly.
Considerably.
Badly.
Slightly.
Consider.'ibly.
Slightly.
CO
:,si
56
60
58i
55|
57
58
58
57
60A
55
60
Considerably.
EXPERIMENTS WITH MACARONI WHEAT.
As rust was not as prevalent as usual this year IMaearoni wheat gave only a slight
increase in yield over the ordinary wh-eats. It is unsaleable for milling purposes in
this country, and for that reason we do not recommend it for general cultivation.
The size of the plots for this test was one-twentieth of an acre, the soil a black
loam, summer-fallowed. All were sown on April 12.
REPORT OF MR. 8. A. BEDFORD
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Macaroxi Wheats — Test of Vapjeties
323
Name of Vanety.
Date
of
ripen-
ing.
C c3
Charactf r
of Straw .
Length
of Head.
Kind
of
Head.
si
bc«-,
Yield
l>er
Acre.
Rusted.
Yellow Ghamovka
Roumanian
Goose
Mahmoudi
Aug. 29
Sept. 4
II 5
3
139
1-15
140
144
Tn.
51
54
54
46
Weak...
In.
f
Bearded . .
Lbs.
6,280
5,700
5,000
4,000
1 3
54 . .
50 .
49 ..
4(5 40
Lbs
59i
02'
62
60
Xonc.
Slightly.
EXPERIMENTS WITH EMMER AND SPELT.
The plots used for this test were one-twentieth of an acre each. The soil a black
loam summer-fallowed. All were sown on April 12.
Emmer and Spelt — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
Common Emmer.
Red Emmer. . . .
Red Spelt
White Spelt ....
?,bC
^
^
TJ
Date
c3 S
g
feg
1— 1
of
H'^
JJCO
ripen-
ing.
dS
s"3
h
6
Hi
In.
In.
Aug. 27
137
47
Weak...
21
Sept. 4
145
54
II
4
Aug. 29
139
51
Stiff .. . .
3i
Sept. 1
142
49
"
5
Kind
of
Head.
Bearded . .
Bald ...;.'
Lbs.
6,700
6,300
3,600
4,320
Yield
per
Acre.
Lbs.
2,840
2,500
3,500
2,2S0
Rusted.
Lbs
45
41
31
27
Badly.
A TEST OF FERTILIZERS FOR THE GROWING OF WHEAT.
The soil used for this test was a light loam cropped for many years without fer-
tilizer of any kind. Judging from this year's test, such soils are benefited by the use
of chemical fertilizers.
The size of the plots was one- fortieth of an acre each. All were sown on summer-
fallowed land on May 5 and harvested 'on September 1. There was no smut and very
little rust. The grain was very badly lodged on all the plots. The variety of wheat
sown on these plots was Red Fife.
100 lbs. per acre of nitrate of soda, half sprinkled
when the grain was 2 in. high, balance when
0 in. high
200 lbs. per acre of nitrate of soda, half sprinkled
when the grain was 2 in. high, balance when
0 in. high
No fertilizer used
Superphosphate, 400 lbs. per acre, spread just before
sowing
Muriate of potash, 200 lbs. per acre, spread just
before sowing
A mixture of 200 lbs. superphosphate, 100 lbs. of
nitrate of soda, 100 Jbs. muriate of potash, per
acre, half spread before sowing, half when 2 or|
3 inches high
16—211 '■
Length
of
Straw.
Inches.
53
53
53
53
53
53
Length
of
Head.
Inches.
3h
3h
^
34
Weight of Yield
Straw i per
per Acre. ! Acre.
Weight
per
Bushel.
Lbs.
8,800
8,400
8,000
8,400
8,400
9,200
P5 1-5
46 ..
43 20
38 40
42 40
40 46
55 21
Lbs.
59
5fei
58|
59
59
324
EXFERIMENTAL FARAlt^
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Different Preparations for a Wheat Crop,
(All on Plots of l-20th acre.)
Preparation.
Wheat after peas . .
II roots .
M wheat
II corn
I, flax
on summer fallow. . .
sown with shoe drill.
II disc drill. .
sown IJ inches deep
„ 3
Rusted.
None
Badly
Sown.
May 29 .,
.. 29...
II 29...
II 29...
.1 29...
I 29. .
April 24!!!
I. 24 . . .
.1 12 ..
II 12...
Ripe.
Aug. 23.
24.
30.
28.
23.
30.
30.
30,
30.
30.
Weight of
Straw.
Lbs.
5,140
5,080
5,100
4,540
3,580
4,780
6,000
6,300
6,500
6,080
Yield i^er
Acre.
Bush. Lbs.
52
48
45
44
43
37
40
38
45
42
40
40
00
20
00
00
00
20
00
00
Field Plots of Wheat.
Variety.
Character
of Soil.
Size
of Field
Sown.
Ripe.
Weight
per
bushel.
Yield per
Acre.
Preston
Clay loam . .
10 acres.
6 ,1
8 ,1
11 1.
5 M
5 1,
April 4..
4..
1, 12..
II 12..
11 7. .
4..
Aug. 21..
,. 21..
11 30..
„ 30..
,1 20..
,1 22..
Lbs.
63
63
62
62
63
GC
Bush. Lbs.
48 12
36 20
Red Fife
40 45
36 45
Pringle's Champlain
Laurel
38 48
37 10
PREVENTIVES OF SMUT IN WHEAT.
As mentioned elsewhere there has been an unfortunate increase throughout the
Canadian North-west in the amount of smut in wheat. Only 3 per cent of the 1904
crop was rejected for this cause by the inspectors at Winnipeg, but out of a total of
16,603 cars inspected up to November 1 of this year, 994 or 6 per cent have been re-
jected. This represents an immense loss to the farmers of this country, nearly all of
which could have been avoided by the proper use of such smut preventives as blue-
stone and formalin.
From information gathered at farmers' meetings I judge that sufficient care is
not exercised in the preparation and application of bluestone. Some farmers use
cold water to dissolve the drug and do not give it sufficient time to make a complete
solution, others fail to thoroughly stir the grain during the time the liquid is appl'ed
and a proportion is not moistened.
After formalin has been applied to the grain the heap should be w-ell stirred, then
covered with canvas or old bags so as to keep in the f umevs.
From the accompanying table it will be noticed that both formalin and bluestone
were effectual in preventing smut, whether applied by steeping or sprinkling and in
addition the treated 'seed gave a larger yield in every instance. This agrees with our
experience here in former years and I -am strongly of the opinion that smut in wheat
can always be prevented by the proper use of bluestone or of forinalin.
REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD
325
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
The seed used for this test was very smutty Red Fife; the size of the plots was
one-fortieth acre, the soil a sandy loam summer-fallowed. All were sown on April 25
and harvested on September 29.
How Treated.
Good
heads in
9 sq.ft.
Smut
heads in
9 sq.ft.
Yield per
Acre.
Smutty wheat sprinkled with 9 oz. of formalin to 10 galls, of water
Smutty wheat steeped 5 minutes in 4^ oz. of formalin to 10 galls, of water.
Smutty wheat sprinkled with 1 lb. of bluestone to 1 pail of water
428
382
506
522
430
00
00
00
00
61
Bush. Lbs.
38 00
37 00
35 20
Smutty wheat steeped 5 minutes in 5 lb. bluestone to 1 pail of water. . .
Smutty wheat not treated
35 00
33 20
A TEST OF SELECTED AND UNSELECTED SEED.
During the past year Dr. Charles Saunders, Cerealist of the Dominion Experi-
mental Farms, made a careful selection of seed from a number of varieties of wheat,
with the object of eliminating the yellow skinned kernels and bringing the sample up
to a uniform grade and colour. A portion of the grain was sown here in one-twen-
tieth acre plots and adjoining plots of the same size were sown with unselected grain
of the same varieties. From the accompanying tables it will ba nA:>tic8d that the
selected grain gave the besL returns in every instance : —
Bush. Lbs.
Preston, selected by Dr. C. Saunders. 52
" unselected, Brandon Experimental Farm 50 20
Percy, selected 43 20
" unselected 35 20
Stanley, selected 42
unselected 37 20
Laurel, selected , . • 47 40
" unselected 43 40
White Fife, selected 47 20
'■ unselected 38 20
Downy Eiga, selected 40
Eiga, selected. 42 40
Early Riga, unselected 38
Note. — Both the Riga and the Downy Riga were selections from the Early Riga.
ROTATION OF CROPS.
In the spring of 1S99 arrangements were made for a series of rotation plots, the
principal object being the maintenance of the fertility of the soil by the ploughing
under of a leguminous crop. every third j^ear instead of the usual summer-fallow.
As the first field selected for this purpose was flooded in 1902 and 1904, it was
considered unsuitable, and a new location was selected this year.
The Red Clover was sown at the rate of 12 pounds per acre and mixed clovers in
the proportion of 8 pounds of Alfalfa and 6 pounds of Alsike per acre. These legum-
inous plants were ploughed under when they reached their fullest development.
326
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD V!l., A. 1903
The order of rotation is as follows :
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1905.
Pease
Tares
Eed Clover
Alfalfa and Alsikcv
1908. 1907.
.Wheat. Wheat.
.Wheat Oats.
Wheat Wheat.
Wheat Barley.
Wheat. Wlieat Pease.
Wheat Oats Tares.
Wheat .Wheat Red Clover.
Wheat .Barley Alfalfa and Alsike.
Wheat Pease .Wheat.
Oats Tares Wheat.
Wheat Red Clover Wheat.
Barley AJf alf a and Alsike Wheat.
Wheat Wheat Summer-fallow.
Wheat Oats Summer-fallow.
Wheat. ., Barley Summer-fallow.
Wheat Wheat Oats.
Wheat Barley Oats.
Results of Pirst Year^ 1905, Rotation Tests.
Name of Variety.
Sown.
Ripe.
Days
Matur-
ing.
Length
of
Straw.
Yield per
Acre.
Weight
per
busheL
May 6....
0....
M 20....
„ 20 ...
t, (i ...
0...
0 . . . .
0....
6 ..
C...
0....
M JC...
6...
C...
0....
6....
Plow
Sept.
Aug.
>evt.
Aug.
Sept.
?d under Aug. 6 .
G.
Sept. 15.
,T 15.
'"iis"
118
118
118
118
115
US
103
118
]18
lis
118
118
Inches.
48
34
20
41
51
51
51
51
51
55
52
42
54
54
52
50
52
Bush. Lb.s.
Lbs
Tares
Red Clover
Wheat ....
35 50
30 20
35 00
:3 00
33 30
105 00
35 20
40 10
35 40
35 10
38 10
35 10
35 50
57
Wheat
Wheat
Wheat
27 . ..." ... . .' . .
57
57
57
Wheat
Oats
57
34
Wheat
58
49
Wheat
58
Wheat
Wheat
Wlieat..
58
58
58
Wheat
58
Note. -The varieties of grain used in this test were Red Fife wheat, Banner oats, Mensur}' barley
and Pride pease. The size of the plots was one-tenth acre each.
EXPERIMENTS WITH OATS.
Porty-one varieties of oats were tested this year, the crop was a very heavy one.
Although nearly every variety was badly lodged early in the season the kernels filled
out well and the yield was the largest in the history of this farm. Numerous com-
plaints are heard this year of loss from smut in oats. After several years' trial we
liave found that smut in this grain can be eradicated by the proper use of formalin.
REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD
327
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Since this rcir.ccly has been used we liave rarely seen a smutty head of oats on the
farm.
The Daubeney oat was tried this year for the first time; it is extremely early and
promises to prove very useful on land infested with wild oats ; if cut on the .very first
appearance of the head very few wild oats will have matured, and the immature plants
will make excellent fodder either green or cured.
The size of the plots in this test of varieties was one-twentieth acre each. The
soil was a rich sandy loam, summer-fallowed. Two bushels 'of seed per acre was used.
All were sown on April 27 and 28.
Oats — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
1 Golden Giant
2 Improved American.
3 Goldfinder
41 Golden Beauty
5 Golden Fleece. .. .
6] Banner ,
7 1 Bavarian
8 Abundance
9 Pioneer
I .Siberian
VVaverley
(jrolden Tartarian...
Wide Awake
White Giant
Mennonite
1 Tartar King
Black Beaiiry
1 Scotch Potato
' Holstein Prolific, .
American Triumph
Early Golden Prolific
Irisli Victor
Buckbee's Illinois . . .
American Beauty ....
Lincoln..
Kendal White
•Joanette
Thousand Dollar
Swedish Select
Daubeney
31 'Danish Island
32 Columbus
33 Green Russian
34 i Sensation
35 Improved Ligowo
36|01ive Black
37|Storm King
SSTwentieth Century . .
39jKendai Black
40Milford White
41 Milford Black
Aug.
31
27
29
29
29
28
29
26
23
29
29
30
29
26
26
23
23
29
27
30
28
28
27
26.
26
26
27
27
27
15
26
26
24
28
26
30
26
39
30
27
30
M S 1 n
''ox
^s
125
122
123
123
123
123
123
120
117
124
124
124
124
120
120
118
117
123
121
125
122
123
122
120
121
120
121
122
122
109
121
120
119:
123[
121
124
120
124
124
121
124
Chara<ter
o£
Straw.
Fair
StiS ....
Weak . . .
Stiff
Weak
Fair .
Stiff .
Weak
Weak
Fair ..
Stiff .
Weak
Fair ..
Weak
Fair ..
Stiff .,
Weak ,
Fair . .
Weak
Kind of
Head.
8i
8
9
10
8
11
9
10
10
9
12
9h
9"
9
9
5
9
10
11
10
9
8
8
9
10
9
11
9
9
10
9
9
10
9
11
Sided.. ...
Branching.
h sided . . . .
Branching .
Sided . . . . .
Branching,
Sided
Branching.
Oct.
Sided. ....
Branching.
Sided
Branching
Sided
Lbs.
5,900
7,240
5,300
5,760
6,640
5,840
5,820
5,380
5,600
5,660
6,060
5,600
2,450
2,720
5,320
5,180
3,920
6,620
4,420
2,420
5,060
6,600
6,500
5,380
5,860
5,140
3,960
4,800
5,340
4,760
5,760
Yield
per
Acre.
135
134
132
129
125
122
121
121
120
118
118
117
117
117
111
115
114
114
114
113
112
112
111
110
108
107
107
105
104
104
104
2,390 103
5,740' 100
5,1401 98
6,180
5,780
2,060
5,660
6,140
4,820
5,000
97
97
96
95
92
90
^^
34
40
33J
36
37
38
36
371
40
30
37^
S3"
38
35
36
41
36
36
36i
37"
37
37
38
35
35
35
35
39
38
38
37
35
35
38
36
35
38A
3Si
36"
36
36
Rusted.
Consid'ably.
jVone.
Slightly.
Consid'ably.
None.
Slightly.
None.
Badly.
None.
Slightly.
Consid ably .
None.
Slightly.
None.
Badly.
None.
Slightly.
Consid'ably.
Badly.
Slightly.
None.
Badly.
Slightly.
None.
Badly.
328
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
Different mt^thods of preparation for an Oat crop. All on plots of Vm acre each.
Preparation.
Oats on summer-fallow
II after corn
II II roots
Sown.
April 29
„ 29
II 29
Ripe.
Aug. 30
23
18
Weight
of
Straw.
Yieixl
per
Acre.
Lbs. Bu. Lbs.
4,660
6,880
6,9iO
115
106
71
30
16
06
EXPERIMENTS WITH BAELEY.
Since wild oats liave spread so much throughout this province, there is an active
demand for an early variety of barley that will ri^jen before the wild oats shell, and by
this means assist in eradicating the weed.
The Common six-rowed variety is one of the best for this purpose as it ripens
earlier than any other kind grown by us, except the Champion, a beardless variety,
unproductive and inferior in quality.
When barley is used for this purpose it should be cut before maturity, otherwise
some 'of the wild oats will have shelled.
Thirty-four varieties of this grain were grown this year, nineteen of which were
six-rowed and fifteen two-rowed. The yield was much above the average, but owing
to the grain lodging early in the season, most of it was dark in colour.
Among the six-rowed kinds, the Mensury had tlie stiffest straw. Mansfield, the
variety heading the list for yield, has always proved very productive here. It is a
cross-bred variety produced on the Central Experimental Farm. This kind has given
the highest average yield here for the past six years.
The size of the plots used for this test was one-twentieth of an acre. The soil was
sandy loam, summer-fallowed. All were sown on May 17, in the proportion of two
bushels of seed per acre.
Six -ROWED Barley — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety .
Mansfield
Mensury
Odessa
Argyle ..
Rennie's Imitrovcd.
Albert
Oderbruch
Summit
Stella
Yale
Blue Long Head. . .
Brome
Nugent
Common ,
Claude
Empire
Trooper
Royal .....
Champion . .
ft
Aug.
19
17
18
20
15
17
16
20
21
18
23
17
17
15
16
19
20
17
15
91
92
93
95
90
92
91
95
96
93
98
92
92
90
91
94
95
92
90
In.
39
43
37
37
38
38
35
40
37
43
35
37
41
41
35
36
32
39
43
Fair..
Stiff..
Weak.
Fair . .
Weak.
Fair
In.
3
3
3
3
2i
2h
3"
3
3
3h
3h
2h
21
3
2
3
3h
Lbs.
5,180
5,880
4,520
5,880
4.300
4.120
2,420
.5,600
5,240
4,240
2,640
4,680
4,700
3,920
4,900
5,020
5,440
3,000
5,340
77
75
68
07
66
66
65
64
63
63
62
62
60
60
58
55
53
50
42
1-5
24
20
16
04
32
12
40
28
36
36
44
04
20
16
40
16
44
Rusted.
Lbs.
51 jSlightly.
49 J ^Considerably.
Slightly.
51
494:
50|
50
50
51
50^
42i
52"
49
49
49
51 Badly.
49.7 Considerably.
49' Slightly.
44
Considerably.
Badly.
Slightly.
Badly.
Slightly.
REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD
329
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Two-rowed Barley — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
1 Gordon
2 .Jarvis
3 Harvey
4 French Chevalier . .
5 Danish Chevalier . .
6 Standwell
7, Canadian Thorpe . .
8 Beaver
9 Clifford
10 Dunham
11 Swedish Chevalier.
12 Invincible
ISjNewton
14 Logan
15!Sidney
Aug.
>a C
97
97
94
98
98
97
98
97
98
97
100
97
98
97
97
i
i
13
i
cS
■Bm
1^
-flW
%m
tlC>4-,
2^
face's
bCu-
c o
cj O
c °
■53 0
<a
.C
0)
^
vA
Q
1-5
In.
In.
Lbs.
44
Stiff....
3
5,640
44
II ...
Ah
8,200
46
* „
4
6,260
42
Weak . .
4
5,380
42
11
4
4,780
44
11
3^
4,340
42
Fair....
3
4,640
46
11 ...
3i
4,680
48
Stiff....
3i
6,000
49
Weak . .
'dh
4,620
41
Fair
4
6,920
47
Weak . .
3
4,920
44
11
4
3,700
44
Fair....
4
5,760
44
4
5,980
M
67
63
63
62
60
59
56
54
54
53
53
53
53
52
48
1-3
44
36
16
04
40
28
32
28
08
36
36
36
16
44
16
Lbs.
50^
50
50
491
50""
50
49
48
50i
49
52
49
m
49h
50i
Rusted.
None.
Slightly.
Badly.
Slightly.
None.
Slightly.
Badly.
Different Methods of Preparation for a Barley Crop.
Preparation.
Barley after roots
Barley after corn
Barley on summer-fallow
Sown.
May 16
16
16
Ri
pe.
Aug.
18
„
18
"
19
Weight of
Straw
per Acre.
Lbs.
4,380
4,380
4,500
Yield
per Acre.
W
71
65
58
12
16
EXPEEIMENTS WITH PEASE.
Owing to the attacks of Cutworms, the yield of pease on the uniform plots was
slightly below the average, but the quality and weight were excellent. As a rule the pea
crops on this farm do not suffer from the attacks of Cutworms, but last fall the land
set apart for pease was flooded and a considerable quantity of stubble and other rubbish
collected on it. This evidently proved good winter protection for the young Cut-
worms, and they commenced their destructive work just as soon as the pease appeared
above the ground.
For the first time a trial was made . of sowing pease with the newly introduced
double disc drill. The seed was distributed more evenly than with either the Shoe or
Hoe drill, and it was possible to plant the seed four inches deep even in hard summer-
fallow, with the result that germination was remarkably even and vigorous.
In addition to the uniform plots of pease several acres of field pease were grown.
These larger fields were free from rubbish in the fall, and the crop was not in the least
injured by Cutworms.
The small plots were cut with a scythe, but the pea harvester attached to a
mower was us6d for cutting the larger field.?. "Wlien the pease were ripe and the straw
perfectly dry, the harvester worked. very satisfactorily.
330
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903
The bulk plots 'of pease were threshed with the regular grain separator, but many
of the pease were cracked, and I would not rQCommend this plan when the grain is
wanted for seed purposes.
Thirty varieties of pease were on trial this year. The soil was a clay loam
summer-fallowed. The size of the plots was one-twentieth acre. All were sown on
April 19 and 20, in the proportion of two bush^els of seed per acre for the small kinds,
and three bushels for the larger pease.
Pease — Test ov Varieties.
s
Name of Variety.
Date
of
Kipening.
2. ti
Q g
11
0 a
a
"So
a
Size
of Pea.
Yield
per Acre.
■tfi
'S
1
Sept. iO....
,. 16....
M 18...
M 10....
M 17....
6 ...
„ 11....
Aug. 30....
Sept. 8....
9....
„ 12....
„ 19....
„ 10....
M 11....
9 ...
M IS....
M 7. . .
„ 20....
6....
M 14.. .
M 12....
H 10....
,. 17....
„ 10....
„ 20....
M 19...
.. 19....
7....
G....
8....
144
150
152
143
151
139
144
132
142
142
145
153
143
144
143
152
141
153
139
14^
146
144
150
143
153
152
152
141
139
142
In.
54
64
70
56
64
67
63
52
52
55
54
54
64
54
52
82
52
74
65
74
56
56
64
64
53
58
68
54
54
67
In.
3
2i
3
2i
3
2h
3
2
2A
2"
2i
2h
2^
4
3
4
3^
21
3
f
2\
3
2h
f
2
3
Large
Medium. .
Small ..'.'.
Large . . .
Medium . .
Small ..'.'.
^Medium. .
Small
Medium. .
Small
Large
Small '.'..'.
Medium. .
Smai'l ..'.'.
•Medium . .
Small ..'.'.
Large . . .
Bus.
51
45
45
44
44
42
41
41
41
40
40
40
40
3S
38
38
38
37
37
37
36
36
36
35
33
30
31
31
29
29
Lbs.
40
40
26
40
40
20
40
20
20
40
20
40
40
40
20
20
40
20
40
20
26
50
Lbs.
62
o
62^
3
4
Prince
White Wonder
6H
63"
5
Q
Gregory
C4i
60S
64;
s
64
9
10
English Gray
Golden Vine
61^
63
11
12
13
14
15
10
Arthur .
Pearl
German White
Mummy
Black Eye. Marrowfat
Kent..
64
63
65
64i
62i
61
]7
White Marrowfat .
63
18
10
Duke ,
62|
63
20
Agnes
&2h
63j
9')
64i
23
24
95
Pride
Daniel O'Rourke
Prince Albert
62j
63
63^
*>«
Carleton
64
27
28
29
30
Archer
Nelson
Crown . . . . ,
Macoun
64
62i
64
63^
DIFFERENT METHODS OF PREPARATION FOR A PEA CROP.
ALL ON PLOTS ^ ACKE.
Preparation.
Peas on summer-fallow
II after flax
H II corn
I. II roots
Sown.
April 29
.1 29
M 29
I. 29
Ripe.
Sept. 3
II 3
„ 3
.1 3
Yield per
Acre.
Bus.
44
43
42
40
Lbs.
40
26
REPORT OF MR. 8. A. BEDFORD
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Pease and Oats Mixed.
331
Proijortion of seed used.
Yield
per Acre
lbs.
Banner oats, 2 pecks Pride peas, 8 pecks per acre. .
., 3 „ „ M 8 „ ,. ;. ..
■ . 1 „ ,- M 8
Sown April 27, Harvested Sept. 1
1. 1
.. 1
3,960
3.820
3; GOO
EXPEEIMENTS WITH ELAX.
The abundant rainfall of the past season has been favourable for flax, and the
yield of both grain and straw is above the average.
The soil selected for this test was a rich black loam, summer-fallowed. These
plots were all one-fortieth acre each, and the seed was sown in the proportion of 40 lbs.
per acre.
Elax — Test of Varieties.
Varieties.
Date
of
Sowing.
Russian
Improved Russian.
St. Petersburg
Novarossick
La Plata
Common
Bombay
White Flowering. .
Yellow Seeded. . .
Riga
May 21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
21.
Date
of
Ripening.
Sept.
Aug.
Sept.
1..
4..
4..
2..
9..
4..
1..
9..
29..
1..
Length
Weight
of
of
Straw.
Straw.
Inches.
Lbs.
29
2,600
39
3,440
34
4,680
29
2,440
32
2,640
35
3,720
39
3,440
26
2,720
31
3,520
31
2,360
Yield per
Acre.
Bus.
30
30
29
29
27
27
25
24
20
20
Lbs.
40
30
16
48
8
40
16
40
Wei;?ht
per
Bushel.
Lbs.
55
55
55i
55
55
55i
54|
55^
54
Mixed Grain Crops.
Proportion of Seed used.
Sown.
Harvested.
Yield per
Acre.
Goose wheat J, Banner oats J, Mensury barley ^
II i, II i. Pride uease i
April 27....
,, 27....
„ 27....
Sept. 1
u 1
„ 1
Lbs.
3,540
3 4 GO
Mensury barley J, Banner oats J, Pride pease J
3,620
332 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
THE SALE or SEED GKAIN TO EAR:MERS.
For many years past much of the. surplus grain ou this farm has been sold to
settlers in Manitoba for seed purposes. Wishing to know how this grain compared
with that usually grown by farmers, and whether the product from it was still being
used for seed purposes, a circular containing the following questions was sent out to
as many of the purchasers as possible : —
1. How did the grain compare with that usually sown by you ?
2. Was it productive?
3. Have you disposed of any grain, produced from it for seed purposes?
4. Have you taken any prizes at the fairs with it?
5. Do you still use the product of this grain for seed purposes? •
6. If so, is it still of good quality?
7. Have you any suggestions to make regarding the sale of seed grain by the Ex-
perimental Farm?
8. Remarks.
Eighty-two replies were received, of these 75 were favourable, and only 7 un-
favourable, the followl-ig are extracts from a few of the replies received: —
The Red Fife wheat I purchased from your Farm in 1898 was practically pure,
tlicrefore better than my own, and it is still the best wheat aroimd here. I can count
eleven, at least, who have been supplied with seed from the product of this lot of wheat.
Your institution is proving very useful in supplying seed grain.
Wm. Guild, Ivemnay, Man.
I procured four bushels of splendid Red Fife wheat from you in 1899 and I con-
sider it as good to-day as when I got it from you. I have supplied a number of others
with seed, and took the first prize at the fall fair this year. I consider the Experimental
Farm the best place to secure pure seed grain.
A. West, Plumas, Man.
I consider it of great value to the country that reliable seed can be purchased at
tlie Experimental Farm.
D. W. McCuAiG,
Pres. Grain Growers' Assoc, Portage la Prairie, Man.
I am much pleased with the seed grain I have purchased from the Experimental
Farm, and I have gained many prizes both in the old country and America with grain
grown from the seed you supplied me.
Wm. Stevens, Virden, Man.
The five bushels of Banner oats I purchased from the Experimental Farm in 1899
was superior to any I ever had, it was very productive. I have supplied seed from it to
farmers living all along the Canadian Pacific Railway between Stockton and Winni-
peg. I think it is the only w.ay for farmers of Manitoba to get pure, reliable seed, and
I am very grateful to you for your kindness in selling it to me.
J. Caslick, Glenboro, Man.
I got four bushels of Banner oats. They proved to be the best oats I have ever
grown. I have supplied seed to a number of my neighbours. I also got six bushels of
Red Fife wheat. I am still growing the same wheat and find it all right.
Jas. ]\Iilne, Oak Lake, Man.
The two bushels of Banner oats I purchased from your Farm in 1895 was a very
much better yielding strain than any I ever had, they gave a return of 880 bushels from
ten acres of summer-fallow. I have supplied seed from this lot to farmers all over
this district for twenty miles or more.
REPORT OF MR. 8. A. BEDFORD
333
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
I got five bushels of Red Fife from you in 1899, it yielded better than any of my
own grain. I have disposed of a great deal for seed purposes to other farmers. I have
taken both a first and second prize with it at our fair.
W. R CoLLis, Shoal Lake, Man.
I obtained 5 bushels of . Odessa barley from your farm in 1899, I find it much
better than the common barley. I sell all I can spare for seed purposes, 50O bushels
were sold for this purpose last year.
D. B. GuNN, Louis Bridge, Man.
I purchased four bushels of Red Fife wheat from your Experimental Farm in 1894
and I think it is the best wheat I ever had. I believe the Experimental Farm is the
proper place to buy pure seed.
B. C. Craig, Newdale, Man.
In 1899 I purchased five bushels of Red Fife from the Experimental Farm, it has
given the best yield and best sample of any wheat I ever had. I have supplied seed to
neighbouring farms every year.
G. H. Underhill, Rapid City, Man.
EXPERIMENTS WITH INDIAN CORN.
This crop was considerably above the average in weight, and the ears were in the
late milk stage when cut.
In addition to the plots s.own for experimental purposes, about ten acres were
sown for ensilage and fodder purposes.
The seed was sown on May 19 in rows 30 inches apart. The crop was cut on
September 4. The soil was a sandy loam, summer-fallowed. Twenty-two varieties
were sown and the yield per acre has been calculated from the weight obtained from
two rows, each 66 feet long.
Corn — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
1 1 Longfellow
2iAngel of Midnight
3 Conipton's Early
4 Compton's Early (Cana-
I dian seed)
5 Kureka
6 Superior Fodder ...
7 Pride of the North
8 Early Butter
9 North Dakota White. . . .
10 Northern Dent
11 Salzor's All Gold
12 Ked Cob Ensilage
13 Thoroughbred White
I FHnt .....
14 Selected Learning
15 King Philip
IG Early Mastodon
17 Giant Prolific Ensilage. . .
18 White Cap Yellow Dent..
19 Champion White Pearl.
20 Cloud's Early Yellow. . . .
21 Mammoth Cuban
22 Evergreen Sugar
Character
of
Growth.
Rank .
Fair.. .
V. rank
Fair
Rank . .
Fair ..
Rank
Fair ..
Rank
Fair..
Rank
Fair ..
Rank
Fair ..
Rank
Fair ..
In.
100
112
108
Leafiness.
Leafy . . .
Very leafy
110
115
114
112
116
102
118
116
114
106 Very leafy
Fairly leafy
ti
Very leafy
Fairly leafy
Few leaves
Very leafy
Fairly leafy
Few leaves
Fairly leafy
Few leaves
104
106
120
118
109
115
111
114
102 Fairlv leafy
When
Tasselled .
Condition
when Cut.
Weight per
acre
grown
in rows.
A.ug. 15.
12.
10.
10.
18.
18.
25.
10.
15.
12
21.
24.
18.
17.
11.
11.
27.
10.
21.
18.
11.
17.
Late niilk.
Early milk
II
Late milk.
Early milk
In tassel . .
Early milk
19
18
15
15
13
13
13
11
Earlymilk 11
Late milk.
In silk
Late milk.
Earlymilk
Late milk.
Weight per
acre
grown
in hills.
Tons. Lbs. Tons. Lbs.
80 29 80
1,744 21 240
160 17 320
48 23 1,520
1,520 20 920
464 19 1,600
200 17 1,640
1,408 15 1,944
880 19 280
1,560 21 763
240 21 504
1,600 16 736
808 18 960
280 14 512
960 18 960
1,680 10 1,120
1,680 13 400
1,720 16 1,000
1,720 9 1,800
1,720 9 1,008
1,760 9 480
1,760 9 1,800
29
25
25
24
23
23
23
22
22
21
21
19
19
334
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903
Indian Corn Sown at Different Distances Apart.
Name of Variety.
Distance
apart.
Height.
Condition
when cut.
Weight per
Acre, cut green.
Clianipicm White Pearl
Inches.
24
30
36
42
24
30
36
42
24
30
36
42
Inches.
■ 120
132
130
128
103
103
104
109
110
118
118
124
Early milk
Late milk
Early milk
Tons. Lbs.
21 1,500
23 1,520
23 200
Lonf^fellow
21 240
24 840
23 992
23 1,520
26 120
Kflccted Learning
17 32)
26 801)
20 800
27 1,440
Average Yield at different distances apart.
.\verage yield of green corn 24 inches apart.
M ■ „ 30
36
42
Tons. Lbs.
21 240
24 1,104
24 840
24 1,933
EXPERIMENTS WITH FIELD ROOTS.
All kinds of field roots have given above the average yield and the quality is ex-
cellent.
As usual two sowings were made of each kind, two weeks intervening between each
sowing. Previous to this year all escaped injury from spring frosts and the average
gain for five years from early sowing was in the case of turnips, 6 tons 1,515 lbs. ;
mangels, 2 tons 1,164 lbs. ; 'and carrots, 3 tons 1,090 lbs. per acre.
This 3'ear, for the first time, the young mangel seedlings were slightly injured
from the two light frosts of June 9 and 21. This did not, however, maieriilly injure
the crop and the yields from the early sowings are much the largest.
I am pleased to notice an increased interest taken in the growing of root crops
throughout the province. Providing the seeding is done early, large returns can be
obtained in nearly all parts of the country with comparatively little labour.
EXPERIMENTS WITH TURNIPS.
Twenty varieties of turnips were grown on the uniform plots this year. The sea-
son was a favourable one and the returns large. For the first time in the history of
the farm the leaves were attacked by a fungus growth similar to rust. This was first
noticed early in July and in a few days the leaves had a very rusty appearance, but
with v/armer I weather it disappeared without apparently injuring the roots.
The soil was a sandy loam fertilized in the fall of 1904 with ten loads per acre of
well rotted barnyard manure. The previous crop was mangels.
REPORT OF MR. 8. A. BEDFORD
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
335
As usual Iwo sowings were made. In every instance the early sown plots gave the
largest returns.
The first plots -n-cre sown on May 20, and the second on June 3. The roots from
both were pulled on October 4. The estimate of yield has been made from the pro-
duce of two rows, each 66 feet long.
TuRXiPS — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
Bangholm Selected
Sutton's Champion
Carter's Elepliant
Imperial Swede
New Century . . .
Hartley's Bronze ,
7 Good Luck
8 jPerfection Swede
9 Elephant's Master
10 Emperor Swede
11 Hall's Westbury
Halewood's Bronze Top.,
Mammoth Clyde
Drummond Puryjle Top.
Magnuin Bonum
Skirvings
.Tumbo
East Lothian
Selected Purple Top
Kangaroo
Yield
per
Acre.
1st Plot.
Tons
. Lbs.
33
792
30
1,248
30
984
30
456
30
192
29
1,928
29
1,400
29
872
29
344
29
80
27
1,440
27
912
26
1,328
26
536
26
8
25
L744
25
688
25
160
24
48
18
1,224
Yield
per Acre.
1st Plot.
Bush. Lbs.
1,113 12
1,020 48
1,016 24
1,007 36
1,003 12
998 48
990 ..
981 12
972 24
908 . .
924 ..
915 12
888 48
875 36
S66 48
862 24
844 48
836 ..
800 48
620 24
Yield
per Acre.
2nd Plot,
Tons. Lbs.
29
17
20
26
18
24
24
19
22
19
27
24
22
21
21
22
19
20
21
16
80
584
656
1,328
432
1,896
48
1,864
1,672
1,336
1,176
1,104
88
768
1,032
1,672
808
1,184
504
1,528
Yield
per Acre.
2nd Plot.
Bush. Lbs.
9(i8 . .
576 24
677 36
888 48
C07 12
831 30
800 48
064 24
701 12
655 o6
919 30
818 24
734 48
712 43
717 12
701 12
640 48
680 24
70S 24
558 48
EXPERIMENTS WITH MANGELS.
We find that mangels are relished by nearly all kinds of farm animals, cat-
tle, swine and even chickens eat them readily. Unlike turnips they do not injure the
quality of milk and its products.
As mangel seed is large and somewhat slow to germinate, the soil should be mel-
low and moist and the seed sown from two to three inches deep.
The roots are susceptible to injury from fall frosts, for which reason the crop
should be pulled before the weather becomes cevere.
Seventeen varieties of mangels have been on trial at the Experimental Farm this
year. The yield was above the average and all were saved without injiiry.
The soil used for this crop was a black loam fertilized in the fall of 190-i with ten
loads per acre of well rotted stable manure. The previous crop was turnips. The
first sowing was made on May 20 and the second on June 3. All were pulled on Octo-
ber 4.
The estimate of yield has been made from the product of two rows 66 feet long.
336
EXPEIilMENTAL FARMS
Makgels — Test of Varieties.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Name of Variety.
1 Prize Mammoth Long Red.. . .
2 Ideal
3 Selected Mammoth Long Red
4 Mammoth Long Red
6 Yellow Intermediate
6 Prize Winner Yellow Globe.. .
7 Lion Yellow Intermediate . . .
8^ Half Long Sugar Rosy
9 Gate Post
Triumph Yellow Globe
Giant Yellow Globe
Selected Yellow Globe ,
Mammoth Yellow Intermediate
Giant Yellow Intermediate
Half Long Sugar White
Leviathan Long Red
Giant Sugar
Yield
per Acre.
1st Plot.
Tons. Lbs.
42
39
38
38
37
36
35
34
33
33
33
32
31
30
30
29
29
744
144
1,880
560
976
192
224
640
1,848
792
944
40
720
720
1,136
80
Yield
per Acre.
1st Plot.
Bush. Lbs.
1,412
1,302
1,298
1,276
1,249
1,223
1,170
1,144
1,130
1,113
1,100
1,082
1,034
1,012
1,012
985
968
36
Yield
per Acre.
2nd Plot.
Tons. Lbs.
23 1,520
22 88
992
840
48
27 1,440
27 384
464
800
27 1,176
14 512
23
24
24
23
26
24
24
29
29
24
25
840
312
80
872
312
160
Yield
per Acre.
2nd Plot.
Bush. Lbs.
792 ..
734
783
814
800
924
906
774
919
475
814
805
968
981
805
836
12
48
24
24
36
12
12
12
12
EXPERIMENTS WITH CARROTS.
More than an average yield of carrots was obtained this year. This root so much
relished by horses has given largely increased returns here since we have practised
deep ploughing. This appears to encourage a large development of root.
Eleven varieties were tested. The first sowing was made on May 20 and the
fcecond on June 3. All were harvested on October 4.
The soil was a black sandy loam, fertilized in the fall of 190-i with ten loads of
■v.ell rotted manure per acre.
With one exception the early sown plots gave the largest yield. The yield has
Uen calculated from the produ-^t jf two rows each 66 feet long.
Carrots — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
1 Improved Short White ,
2, Giant White Vosges
3|Mammoth White Intermediate
4|New White Intermediate. ......
5 Ontario Champion
Kos Kirches .
Carter's Orange Giant
Early Gem
White Belgian
Long Yellow Stump Rooted.
Half Long Chantenay
Yield
per Acre.
1st Plot.
Tons. Lbs.
32
31
27
27
26
26
25
23
21
19
10
1,120
1,360
1,880
120
1,240
360
600
1,080
1,560
720
1,120
Yield
per Acre.
1st Plot.
Yield
per Acre.
2nd Plot.
Bush. Lbs.
1,085 20
1,056 . .
931 20
902 ..
887 20
872 40
843 20
784 40
726 ..
645 20
352 ..
Tons. Lbs.
21
22
17
23
21
17
15
20
20
17
14
6S0
1,320
320
1,960
1,120
1,200
360
920
40
1,640
1,920
Yield
per Acre.
2nd Plot.
Bush. Lbs.
711
755
572
799
718
586
506
682
667
594
498
20
20
20
40
40
20
40
REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
337
EXPERIMENTS WITH SUGAR BEETS.
Eight varieties of the^e roots were tes-ted this year, of these only three are recom-
mended for use in the manufacture of sugar, viz., Vilmorin's Imiproved, Wanzleben
and French Very Rich. All the varieties are, however, particularly iTseful as food for
stock. We find young animals relish them better than either mangels or turnips.
The yield on this farm was very much above the average, but the three true sugar
beets which were tested by Mr. F. T. Shutt, Chemist of the Dominion Experimental
Farms, Ottawa, were not as rich in sugar as usual.
The first plots were sown on May 20 and the second on June 3. The early sown
plots gave the largest returns in every instance. All were harvested on October 4.
The estimate of yield has been made from the product of two rows, each 66 feet
long. The soil was a black sandy loam fertilized with ten loads of well rotted manure
per acre. The previous crop was potatoes.
Sugar Beets — Test of Varieties.
!Name of Variety.
1 Red Top Sugar
2 Danish Rfid Top
\S Royal (jiant
4 Improved Imperial . .
Wanzleben
Danish Improved
7 Vilmorin's Improved.
8 French Very Rich . . .
Yield
per Acre.
1st Plot.
Tons. Lbs.
544
400
526
52
4(5
33
33
32 680
28 1,024
24 576
21 240
Yield
per Acre.
1st Plot.
Busli.
1,742
1,540
1,108
1,100
1,078
950
809
704
Lbs.
24
48
24
36
Yield
per Acre.
2nd Plot.
Tons. Lbs.
27 120
31 40
25 952
23 1,520
18 960
26 800
15 3G0
16 1,000
Yield
per Acre.
2nd Plot.
Bush. Lbs.
902 ..
1,034
849
792
616
880
506
550
12
EXPERIMENTS WITH POTATOES.
This useful vegetable has again given a large return. Some of the tubers were not
so smooth as usual, but the quality was exoeUent.
The potatoes followed a crop of field roots; this plan gives an excellent yield with
very little labour in weeding.
The soil received a light coat of well rotted barnyard manure in the fall, which
was ploughed under and well rolled before winter set in.
Dreer's Standard, the variety heading the list this year, was third in productive-
ness on this farm in 1904. It is white in colour and of good quality, but it is- rather
late for this country. Canadian Beauty, the fifth on the list, is much earlier, nearly
as productive and the colour is generally more acceptable to Canadian consumers.
As usual the very early kinds were not as productive as the later ones.
Forty-nine varieties were tested this year, there was no injury whatever from rot
or from the attacks of the Colorado Beetle.
The soil selected was a sandy loam. All the varieties were planted on May 16 in
rows three feet apart and dug on October 2. The yield has been estimated in each
case from the product of one row 66 feet long.
16—22
338
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Name of Variety.
Dreer's Standard
American Wonder . . .
Counvi-y Gentleman. .
Uncle Sam
Canadian Beauty
State of Maine
Sabeans Elephant...
Morgan '.s Seedling. . .
Reeve's Rose
Enormous
Moneymaker
Empire State
Holborn Abundance.
Rose No. 9
Maule's Thorobred . .
Delaware -
Rose No.'b White...
Early St. George . .
Dalmeney Hero
Penn Manor
Burnaby'.s Seedling..
Swiss Snowflake
Late Puritan
American Giant. . . . .
Vermont Gold Coin. .
Cambridge Russet. . .
Carman No. 3. . . .
Earl}' VVhite Prize..
Early Envoy
Irish Cobbler
Vick's Extra Early . .
Carman No. 1
I. X. L
Early Rose
Bovee
Dalmeney Kidney . . .
Everett
Seedling No. 7
British Queen
Early Elkinah
Early Andes
Extra Early Eureka.
Dooley . . .
Rawdon Rose
Pingree
Admiral Dewey
Rochester Rose
Naught Six
6°
V. rank. Sept. 5.
3
Aug. 28.
Not ripe. .
Sept. 5.
Not ripe,.
Aug. 29.
Not ripe. .
Sept. 2.
3,
1.
2.
Not ripe. ,
Sept. 11
Fair .. . .
Rank .. .
Fair
V. rank.
Fair.. . .
Rank. . .
V. rank.
Fair ... .
Rank*. .
Fair.. . .
R.ank. . .
Fair.. . .
V. rank.
Fair . . . .
V. rank.
Fair
Weak '.
Fair . . .
Rank! '.
Weak . .
V. rank.
Weak . .
Rank. . .
Aug.
Sept.
Fair...
Bank'.!
Weak . . I Aug
3
2
28
5
Aug. 27
Not ripe.
Aug. 27
24
Not ripe.
Sept. 1
1
Not ripe.i
Sept. 1
5
Aug. 23
25
Sept.
23,
1
11
1
Aug. 22
22
Not ripe .
Aug. 22
Sept. 5
Not ripe.
Aug. 29
5ept.
. Fa:
Sept.
22.
11.
12.
22.
21.
23.
23.
1.
V. large
M. to L.
V. large
Med. .
Large.
Med. .
Large.
Large.
Med. .
Large.
Med .
Large,
M. to L
V. large
Med. . . .
Large. . .
M'.'toK
V. large
M. to L
Med. . .
Large.. .
V. large
Large,
Med...
V. largf
Large,
Med. .
Large.
Bu. Lbs.
799
788
762
759
755
744
729
726
722
718
7(»4
700
69G
689
689
685
685
678
671
663
6.56
656
652
638
623
605
605
586
575
575
568
564
561
553
542
535
531
520
4S4
469
454
4.S2
403
381
348
326
308
291
20
20
20
40
00
20
20
40
00
20
40
00
20
40
20
20
40
40
20
00
40
20
20
40
00
20
00
00
40
40
40
20
40
00
40
40
20
40
40
00
20
40
40
20
20
20
20
00
00
33 o *=
& <c
-a "^-^
•— ' "^ S aJ
Bu. Lbs. Bu. Lbs
a> o t- .
-73 fc- S-5
— o c is
a; .^_ aj
858
729
711
689
682
718
696
700
667
630
649
638
663
649
630
630
649
667
586
638
597
583
623
594
579
568
553
568
524
495
502
520
509
524
458
476
506
462
484
432
425
388
377
374
319
300
278
216
227
40
20
20
00
40
40
20
20
40
00
00
40
00
40
40
00
20
40
00
40
00
20
00
20
20
40
20
20
00
20
40
40
20
20
40
00
00
00
40
20
40
40
00
00
40
40
20
20
29
20
69
40
77
73
20
77
00
36
40
47
40
29
20
58
40
91
40
69
40
66
CO
36
40
47
40
58
40
58
40
36
40
18
20
91
40
33
00
66
00
73
20
33
00
58
40
58
40
55
00
51
20
36
40
62
20
80
40
73
20
47
40
55
CO
36
40
95
20
66
00
29
20
69
40
36
40
51
20
44
00
66
00
55
00
29
20
62
20
47
40
47
40
91
40
69
40
Form and Colour.
White F. oval.
I. long.
Pink long.
White flat.
Light pink, long.
Wh. flat, oval.
^Vhite, long.
Pink, long.
Light pink, oval.
White, round.
II kidney.
.. long.
II round.
Pink, long, flat.
White, long.
Pink, round.
Mixed, round.
Pink, long.
White, oval.
D. pink, long, oval
Pink, oval.
White, irregular.
Wh. round, long.
Wh. oval.
Wh. round.
Russet, long.
Wh . long.
Lt. pink, oval.
Pink, round.
Wh. flat.
Wh. pink, flat.
\Vhite, flat.
Pink, long.
Pink, round.
„ long.
White, oval.
Pink, long.
D., red.
Wh., oval.
Pink, kidney.
White, round.
Pink, kidney.
White, round.
Light, pink, oval.
White, oval.
M long.
Light, pink, long.
White, round.
EXPERIMEXTS WITH GRASSES.
Owing to abundant rains the yield of grasses and pasture has been good in all
parts of this province. It was, however, somewhat difficult to cure owing to heavy-
growth and frequent showers. Where the crop is heavy the use of a hay tedder is a
great advantage, by its use the hay can be cured quicker and much more uniformly.
Wliile Timothy and Western Rye grass can be cured in the bunch or cock, Brome
grass requires to be thoroughly cured before being cocked, otherwise it turns dark in
colour and is very dusty.
REPORT OF MR. 8. A. BEDFORD
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
339
Variety.
Timothy
Bald Wheat grass (Elyvius Vir'jinicus) .
Western Rye grass (A. tcnerum)
Western Rye grass (A. tenerum)
Austrian Brome (Bromiis inrrniis)
Austrian Brome (Bromus inrrmis) ....
Red Top (A'iro.Uis vulgaris)
Hard Fescue (FcsUica duriuscula)
Sown.
Height.
Inch.
1902
44
1903
47
1903
53
1902
4S
1903
47
1902
GO
1903
47
1902
38
1900
35
Seed per
Acre.
Lbs
9
9
11
11
12
12
15
15
Yield of
Hay
per Acre.
Tons. Lbs.
200
1,000
200
100
1,000
1,400
1,900
600
1,000
EXPERIMENTS WITH CLOVEES.
The fall of snow was light last winter, but all kinds of clover wintered well, both
new and old fields giving fair returns.
From several years' ob-servation I am of the opinion that most of the failures with
clover can be traced either to the use of a nurse crop of grain the first yeai;, where
the gi*ain is allowed to ripen, or to close pasturing in the autumn. We have found that
clover invariably winter kills if pastured late in the fall, enough growth should be
left to catch the snow, which is one of the very best protectors.
OXE ACRE PLOTS OF CLO^'ER.
The three plots of clover sown in 190-i produced a luxuriant crop which was a con-
stant source of attraction to visiting farmers all summer. The seed was sown on
June 1, 1904, on summer-fallowed land with half a bu.shel of barley per acre ; this was
cut while green and removed from the ground, the clover then grew rapidly and before
winter all three kinds had fully occupied the ground. The accompanying tables give
the yield per acre. The alsike clover was only cut once as the aftermath was light.
Varieti ^s.
Common Red, first cutting. .
II second cuttiu;
Alfalfa, first cutting
II second cutting
Alsike ,
Height.
Inch.
43
12
50
24
37
Condition
When Cut.
Yield of
Hay
per Acre.
Total
Yield per
Acre.
Full bloom.
y\j in blcom .
Full bloom .
Tons. Lbs. Tens. Lb:
395
46S
1,348
552
513
803
1,900
51S
The following table gives the yield and other particulars regarding the one-
twentieth acre plots of clover, all were sown in spring on ploughed stubble without a
nurse crop and the weeds and volunteer crop of grain was kept cut during the first
18— 22A
340
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
summer. The plot of mixed timothy and alsike was very luxuriant, evidently this is a
mixture well adapted to this section of country : —
Variety.
Alfalfa, first cutting
II second cutting. . .
Total weight of two cuttings.
Alfalfa, first cutting. . .
11 second cutting.
Total weight of two cuttings
Alsike and Timothy .
Common Ked Clover.
Sown.
1902
1602
1903
1903
Height.
Inch.
56
24
1903
1902
49
24
37 to 44
40
Stage when Cut.
j'ij in bloom.
Fully in bloom.
Yield of
Hay
per Acre.
Tons. Lbs.
800
700
3 1,500
1,100
100
3 1,200
3 200
2 1,000
Several acres of clover were sown during May of this year, along with a light seed-
ing of oats, with the intention of cutting the grain in a very early stage, but growth
was unusually rank and the oats lodged before they could be harvested, and a large pro-
portion of the clover plants were smothered. This land has been left in stubble and
the condition of the clover will be noted next spring.
CLOVER ON LIGHT GRAVELLY UPLAND.
In May this year a number of plots of light upland soil were sown to alfalfa and
common red clover, both with and without a nurse crop of grain. There was a good
catch on all the plots, but the growth of clover was much weaker where a nurse crop
was used. None of the clover on these plots w.as mown or pastured, but was left to
hold the snow during the winter.
EXPERIMENTS WITH MILLETS.
Seven varieties of this u.«eful family of plants were grown, they represented
nearly all the leading types, and as usual they attracted much attention from visiting
farmers.
Although it is advisable to have specimen plots here of all the leading varieties,
there are actually only three kinds suitable for this country, viz., Hungarian, Common
and Green Californian, the other four varieties are all too coarse for general use. Com-
mon Millet is the only one that has matured seed here, the others have always been
caught by fall frost before maturity.
Millet is not a safe food for horses when fed in large quantities, but we have had
excellent results from feeding one sheaf per day to each horse during the winter
months. As soon as the head is formed the crop is cut and bound loosely, in sinall
sheaves, with the grain binder, this is well cured in the stook, and stacked outside until
required.
This year all the varieties were grown on summer-fallowed land, the soil was a rich
black sandy loam; the size of the plots for this test was one-fortieth acre. All were
sown on May 27 and cut on September 1.
^ REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD 341
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Variety.
Description.
Height.
Stage when Cut.
Yield of Hay
per Acre.
Very coarse
Fine quality . . .
Coarse
Inches.
72
48
55
47
48
33
33
A few heads only
Tons. Lbs.
6 200
Hungarian
White Round French
4 1,200
4 800
Seed nearly ripe
Head just formed
Seed nearly ripe
Not headed
Seed nearly ripe
3 1,800
Fine quality . . .
Coarse
3 1,400
Pearl or Cat Tail
2 1,800
Common
Fine quality
2 1,400
CATTLE.
The herd of cattle on the Experimental Farm now consists of eighteen animals,
as follows : —
Name of Animal.
Breed.
Age.
Weight.
Nancy
Rose of Brandon .
Crocus ,
Daisy
James
Lily of Brandon .
Dentry .
Haron
Snow Drop
Marie ...
Brandon Duke. . .
Christie
Gretchen
Sis
Jenny
Margaret
Ruben
Julia
Shorthorn
Ayrshire .
Guernsey .
Grade
5 years
2i „ ..
22 months
16 „
9 „
3 years . .
3 „ ..
2 „
11 months
3 years . .
14 months
5 years . .
7 .. ..
2 „ ..
2 ,- ..
23 months
15 M
1 year. . .
Lbs.
1,510
1,290
920
840
660
1,295
1,110
1,410
620
770
760
1,210
1,625
1,050
1,410
970
890
690
EXPERIMENTS IN FEEDING STEERS.
YEARLING STEERS COMPARED WITH TWO-YEAR OLD:
This experiment was similar to that of last year's test, and the result is very much
the same.
The twelve animals used for this experiment were Shorthorn grades of fair
quality, purchased from a farmer near Oak river, Manitoba. Six of them were about
18 months old when feeding started, and the others about 30 months old.
They were purchased early in November, 1904, and cost, delivered at the barn,
$3.25 per hundred pounds live weight, and sold in February, 1905, for $4 per hundred
pounds.
342
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
The yearlings were not nearly as well finished as the two-year olds, and for export
purposes would not have realized as much by 50 cents per hundred pounds, but all were
killed in Winnipeg, and the purchaser gave the same price for each lot.
After two weeks of preparatory feeding they were divided into two groups accord-
ing to age. All were tied in stalls and fed all they could eat up clean of the following
ration : —
Straw 13 lbs.
Corn fodder 15 "
Corn ensilage 17 "
Swede turnips ^ 10 '"'
Ground grain 4 to 9 *"
DESCRIPTION OF FODDER.
The straw, was mixed wheat, oat and barley. The fodder corn was principally
Pearce's Prolific cut in the late milk stage and stooked in the field until wanted, both
straw and corn fodder were cut into one-inch lengths.
The ensilage was also made from the above variety of corn, and was of excellent
quality.
The grain was composed of one third each of barley, oats and wheat screenings.
A layer of cut fodder corn was first spread over the feed room floor, on this was
placed successive layers of ensilage, sliced turnips, corn, straw and grain, it was then
moistened with water and shoveled into a heap in the corner of the room, when fed 12
hours later fermentation had commenced and the mixture was quite warm.
The amount of grain fed was increased slightly each month vmtil the test was com-
pleted.
CoMPARATWE Gains.
Date.
Weight.
Gain.
Total Gain
of
six Steers.
One year old Steers.
Original weight of steers. .
Weight at end of 1st term
M 2nd M
Nov. 15,1904..
Deo. 13,1904..
•Jan. 10 1905
Lbs.
4,960
5.3.50
5,545
5 845
6,130
7,175
7,500
7,735
7,905
8,150
Lbs.
390
195
300
285
325
235
2r.o
155
Lbs.
3rd M
„ 4th ,
Two year old Steers
Original weight of steers
Weight at end of 1st term
2nd ,
3rd „
„ 4th I
Feb. 7,1905..
March 7, 1905..
Nn-. 15,1904..
Deo. 13,1904..
.Jan. 10, 1005. .
Feb. 7,1905..
March 7, 1905..
[ 1,170
I 975
COST OF FEEDING.
Six yearling steers —
9,900 lbs. of fodder corn at $4 per ton $19 SO
8,720 " mixed straw at $1 per ton 4 36
6,549 " turnips at 5 cents per bushel 5 45
11,118 " ensilage at $2 per ton.' 11 11
3,996 " ground grain at 75 cents per 100 lbs. ., . , . . 29 97
$70 69
REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Six two-year old steers —
10,000 lbs. of fodder corn at $4 per ton $20 00
8,880 " mixed straw at $1 per ton. 4 44
6,720 " turnips at 5 cents per bushel , 5 60
11,424 '• ensilage at $2 per ton 11 42
4,046 " ground grain at Y5 cents per 100 lbs . 30 34
Summary of Results.
$71 80
343
One-year old steers.
Two-year old steers
First cost of
each steer.
$ cts.
2r, 86
38 86
Value of
feed
coni-umed.
S cts.
11 78
11 96
Price per
steer sold.
S cts.
•40 86
54 33
Gain
per day.
Lbs. Oz.
11
07
Profit
per steer.
$ cts.
2 22
3 51
COXCLUSIOXS.
The results of both this and last years' experiments would lead us to the following
conclusions : —
1st. The amount of gain in weight per day is practically the same with each lot
of steers.
2nd. The two-year olds were in both instances more profitable than the one-year
olds.
3rd. There is very little profit in fattening steers when the difference between the
buying price in the fall and the selling ptice in the spring is not more than $1 per hun-
dred pounds.
MILKING COWS.
The accompanying table gives the length of the milking period and the weight
of milk given by a number of the experimental farm cows for the past year : —
Milkijs^g Cows.
Name,
Myrtle
Nancy
Alice May
Denty
Brandon Maid
Christie .
Gretchen
Carrie
Pet
Jennette
Apre.
6 years.
Breed.
Shorthorn
Ayrshire
Guernsey
Shorthorn Grade
Milkint,'
Period.
Pounds of
Milk.
285 days.
365 „
300 „
305 „
298 M
343 „
331 „
3.32 „
253 ,.
313 M
2,9S8i
3,770"'
5,3811
5,278
6,407
9,326
5,790
6,732i
2,854J
6,039
Average
each day.
10 11.:
10 ..
17 n
17 ..
21 ,.
27 ..
17 ..
20 „
11 ..
19 ,.
EXPERIMENTS WITH SWINE.
The herd of swine on this farm consists of Yorlsshire, Berkshire and Tamworth.
feeding pigs on BROME GRASS^ PASTURE AND GRAIN.
This experiment was undertaken for the purpose of ascertaining the value of
Brome grass pasture when supplemented with a limited amount of grain. Twelve pigs
344
EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 19C6
were used for this test, tliey were about six weeks old wlien the test began, six were
nearly pure Berkshire and the otheis c'ross-bred York and Berkshire. All were nose-
ringed before being turned into the pasture and no daraage was done to the sod.
The mixed grain consisted of equal parts of barley, oats and wheat screenings ;
this was ground and mixed with water and allowed to soak for a few hours before
feeding. This mixture was used during the first few wssks and was replaced later
with whole pease fed dry.
The mixed grain was valued at 75 cents per hundred pounds and th3 psasa $1 per
hundred pounds. The pigs were valued at $2 each when the test began and were sold
at $5.25 per hundred pounds, when the test was completed.
Amount and Value of Feed Consumed from May 25 to November 10.
Mixed grain chopped
Whole pease
Grain Fed.
900 lbs.
700 M
Value of
Feed.
S6.75
7.00
Summary.
Weight when
Bought.
Value \v\vm
Bought.
Weight when
Sold.
Value when Value of
Sold. Grain Fed.
Profit.
12 pigs
3G0 lbs.
S2t.00
1,355 lbs.
871.13
S13.75
833. 3S
POULTRY.
Three breeds of poultry are kept on the Experimental Farm, namely : — Barred
Plymouth Rocks, White Wyandottes and Rose Comb Minorcas.
Both setting hens and incubators were used for hatching purposes, with the re-
sults slightly in favour of the hens. One hundred and ten chicks were raised in
brooders with less than ten per cent of a loss.
■WHOLE GRAIN COMPARED -WITH GROUND GRAIN FOR FATTENING FOWLS.
Eight pure bred Barred Plj-mouth Rock cocksrels were sslested for this test.
They were shut up in slatted pens each 2x3 feet. The grain fed was | wheat and J
cats. It was finely groimd for No. 1 pen and unground for No. 2 pen. In the esti-
mate of cost grain has been valued at 75 cents per hundred pounds. The ground grain
was mixed with water to the consistence of thin porridge.
Live
Weight,
Nov. 16.
Live
Weight,
Dec. 7.
Gain
in
21 Days.
Cost
of
Food.
Cost
Live Weight
per lb.
Pen 1, fed ground grain..
Lbs. Oz.
20 10
20 13
Lbs. Oz.
24 10
23 13
Lbs. Oz.
4 00
3 00
Cts.
24
21
Cts.
6
7
REPORT OF MR S. A. BEDFORD 3i5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
COXCLUSIOXS.
First, pen 1 consiim'eJ 4 pounds more feed than the others.
Second, pen 1 gained twenty-five per cent more tlesh tlian No. 2.
Third, the ground feed produced flesh at 6 cents per lb. and whole grain at 7 cents
per pound.
EXPERIMENTS WITH BEES.
Owing to the unusually open fall last year the bees were not placed in their win-
ter quarters until November 28. One corner of the dwelling house cellar is used for
this purpose; it is partitioned off from the rest of the csllar and k^pt quite dark, the
temperature is regulated by means of a chimney flue, which is opened or closed as re-
quired. The bees are not placed in the cellar until the temperature here is below 50°
above zero. During the winter the temperature is kept between 32° and 47°, it usually
registers about 40°.
All of the 14 colonies placed in the cellar survived the winter, and with few ex-
ceptions they were in excellent condition when placed on their summer stands, on
March 24 of this year. All were weighed when placed in their winter quarters and
also when set out. There was a large variation in the amount of honey consumed by
each colony, the highest was 28 pounds and the lowest 6 pounds. The average con-
sumption per colony was 14 pounds.
The first pollen was obtained from the Anemone ■patens on April 7. Willow pollen
was first gathered on April 21. The first honey was removed from the hives on June
12 and the first swarm appeared on June 28.
Thirty-eight pounds of extracted honey was produced per colony, spring count,
and eight new swarms obtained.
Bees were noticed for the first time working on the Buffalo berry (Shepherdia
argentea).
A TEST OF WIXTER VENTILATION.
When placed in the cellar 9 of the hives were without cloth coverings and the
board covers were raised half an inch above the hive sides, thus giving free ventila-
tion through the hive. These 9 hives consumed an average of 15J pounds of honey per
hive.
On the other 5 hives the cloth covering was removed also, but the board covers
rested tightly on the sides of the hive, thus allowing very little air to pass through
the hive. These 5 hives only consumed 12-i pounds of honey, or 3 pounds less than the
others. In both cases the entrances were left wide open. Apparently it is not neces-
sary to have a current of air passing through the hive, providing the cellar is kept
■well ventilated.
WORKING FOR A LARGE YIELD OF EXTRACTED HONEY.
The summers of this province are short, and one of the greatest apiarian problems
is to produce the maximum yield of honey in this short period. Last summer two of
our colonies, Nos. 3 and No. 4, were in excellent shape for a large production, they
were both large early swarms of this summer from two pure Italian colonies; they were
hived on empty combs and wer^^ given another super of empty combs a few dayf after
swarming. These combs were extracted as follows: —
346 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Lbs.
On August 16, No. 4 gave 20
" 18 " 4 " 20
21 " 4 " 15
" 24 " 4 " 22
" 28 " 4 " .. 26
Total for 12 days 103
Lbs.
On August 18, No. 3 gave 15
21 " 3 " 19
24 " 3 " 18
" 28 " 3 " 18
Total for 10 days TO
None of the combs were sealed over, but the honey was of good quality, and not at
all watery.
HOETICULTUEE.
APPLES.
I take pleasure in reporting some further progress in apple culture. This season
in addition to a large crop of crab apples amounting to over 45 bushels, two varieties
of Standard apples fruited, viz., Hibernal and Duchess of Oldenburg, also a very
large number of crosses between the standard apples and the crabs.
For some years a considerable amount of both root and top grafting has been car-
ried on here, using as stock the Berried crab (Pyrus haccata), a hardy and readily pro-
pagated crab apple, and scions from varieties which showed special adaptability to our
somewhat rigorous climate. This work has resulted in the production of some very
promising fruit and gives us every reason to hope that in a few years we will have a
number of varieties of apples hardy in all parts of Manitoba.
The tree of Hibernal was root grafted on Berried crab stock in 1901. Although
growing in a much exiDosed position it showed only a slight injury on the tips of the
branches from winter killing. The fruit was about 3| inches in diameter, and was
of good flavour and excellent for cooking purposes.
The Duchess of Oldenburg which fruited was the result of top grafting on the
Berried crab. The fruit was about 2^ inches in diameter free of scab, of good coloi\r
and flavour.
Among the other trees that fruited for the first time were some excellent Martha
crab seedlings, one in particular named ' Maggie ' is of considerable promise, the
flavour greatly resembles that of a standard apple.
Each fall the fruit of all the Berried crabs grown on the farm is pulped and the
seed sown. This year several thousand seedlings of this tree were grown and will be
available for grafting next spring. ,
TRAXSCEXDEXT CRAB.
Most of the trees of this variety that fruited during the year were top grafted on
large Pyrus haccata trees in the spring of 1903. The branches were loaded with fruit
free of scab and of excellent size and flavour. The successful production of this fruit
REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
347
in all parts of Manitoba -would of itself prove a great boon to the settlers of tlie pro-
vince.
PLUMS.
The orchards of this fruit now consist of 358 trees, most of which are selected
native seedlings, but there are also a few named varieties and seedlings of the Ameri-
can group.
Native Manitoba Plum. — These are much earlier than any other plums grown
here, many of them ripening their fruit by August 15. Like all seedlings they vary
greatly. From many hundreds grown here, about ten are of superior excellence; these
are being propagated and some of them willbe available shortly, for testing in other
parts of Manitoba,
CURRANTS.
Thirty-three varieties of currants were grown here this season, most of which
produced a fair crop. Just as the fruit commenced to ripen the currant worm appeared
but it was quickly checked by a spraying of Hellebore and water. The accompanying
table gives the names of the varieties grown, together with the yield and quality of
the fruit.
Variety.
Defiance
Houg-h ton Castle
Large Red
Siiiicoe
Pomona
Long Bunch Holland . . . .
Prince Albert
Red Dutch
New Red Dutch
Goliath
North Star
Admiral
White I mperial
Climax , . . . .
Large White
White Cherry
Verriers Whice
^V^lite Dutch
Whice Kaiser
White Grape . . . .
White Pearl . ...
Wentv.'ortb's Lovi.\than..
Prince of Wales.
Black English
Sterling
Star
Kentish Hero .
Eagle
Standard
Winona
Baldwin's Black
Dominion .
Percy
Colour.
Red.
White
Black
Flavour.
Sweet .
Fairly sweet
Acid and juicy. . .
Sweet, very juicy
Sweet and juicy. . ,
Slightly acid .
Sweet
11 thin skin.
Very sweet
Fairly sweet ...
Sweet
Slight acid
Fairly sweet . . .
Sweet
Good thin skin .
Juicy IT
Fairly sweet and juicy
Sub-acid and juicy ....
Sweet dry thin skin
11 tl'in skin
Juicy thick skin, sub-acid.
Sub-acid, dry
Sweet juicy thick skin. . . .
Length
of
Bunch.
Fruit
on
Bunch.
Inches.
2i
2i
2i
2'
2i
2"
2
2
U
2i
3
91
U
Well set .
Thick set.
! Thinly set.
i Thick set..
Thinly set.
Thickset. .
Thinly set.
Thick set. '.
Thinly set.
Weight
from one
Bush.
Lbs.
H
U
IS
3
n
u
2
n
4
1
2i
1
348 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VI!., A. 1906
GOOSEBERRIES.
Twenty-five varieties of gooseberries were grown here this year. Nearly all the
varieties were heavily laden with fruit of excellent flavour and fair size.
STRAWBERRIES.
A number of Alpine strawberries were received from the Central Experimental
Farm in the spring of 1904 and made fine growth before winter set in, they were then
covered with a light coat of strawy manure, and during the season bore a fair quantity
of fruit, but these were eaten by birds before they were ripe.
RASPBERRIES.
The raspberry crop this season was very good, the yield being much above the
average. Every fall the canes are bent over and covered with manure in order to pre-
vent winter killing. The following are the varieties which have proven the best both in
quantity and quality: Cuthbert, Eeider, Climax, Turner, Empire, Sarah, Niagara and
London.
AVENUES.
The avenue trees on this farm are mostly native ash-leaf maples. Where the eoil
is not too wet and is fairly free of alkali they are quite thrifty, but several vacancies
have occurred owing to wet land or alkaline soil. One of the best avenues is composed
of a double row, native white spruce on the outside and maples on the inside. This
avenue is attractive both in summer and winter.
The Russian poplar avenue on the eastern boundary of the Farm is still growing
vigorously. During the summer months its dark green foliiige and glossy leaves are
distinguishable at a long distance, a few of the tretes show signs of canker.
Cottonwood trees have only succeeded here, when planted close to running water,
on high, well drained land they have invariably rusted badly, for this reason they have
not been used for avenue purposes.
ABORETUM.
A considerable addition was made to the stock of trees during the past season.
All were received from the Central Experimental Farm in the spring. These consisted
of pines, cedars, silver firs, junipers and several fiowering shrubs, including Philadel-
phus in variety and Syringa Amurensis, these were planted in the Arboretum around
the superintendent's house, and all made good growth during the season.
FALL AND SPRING SOWING OF MAPLE SEED.
Until last year we have usually sown native maple seed in the spring, but an
experiment was made during the fall of 1904 to ascertain if any advantage accrued
from autumn sowing.
From one row 270 feet long of spring sown seed 2, GOO trees were obtained while
only 900 trees grew in the adjoining row. sown in the fall, this was due largely to the
last named germinating early in spring and then freezing ofl:' close to the ground.
REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD 349
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
VEGETABLE GAEDEN.
PEASE — A TEST OP VARIETIES.
Forty-eight varieties of pease were sown in the open on May 9. Germination was
excellent except with the following varieties: Admiral, Extra Early Leviathan, Dwf.
Telephone, and Sharpe's Queen.
All of the following varieties ripened their seeds. The accompanying tables are
arranged in order of earliness : —
Pease — Test of Varieties.
Varieties.
E. E. Philadelphia. . , .
Gregory's Surprise. . . .
First of All
Extra Early Market.. .
American Wonder
Nott's Excelsior
Alaska
Best Extra Early. . . .
Prosperity. .
Duke of York
Duke of Albany
Thomas Laxton
Sutton's Excelsior . . . .
Rivenhall Wonder
Sutton's Satisfaction , .
Fill Basket
Telephone
Premium Gem
Dwarf Chanipion
Prince of Wales
McLean's Blue Peter .
Extra Early Exonian..
William Hurst
Petit Pois
S. B. Everbearing . . . .
McLean's Little Gem ,
Shropshire Hero
British Empire
Hor. Market Garden. .
Pride of the Market . .
Imp. Stratagem
Heroine
Yorkshire Hero
Queen Pea. .
Abundance. .
Burpee's Profusion . . .
Juno Pea ... .
Telegraph .....
Laxton 's Alpha
Reliance
Champion of England
Sown.
May
Blossom
June
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
p
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
y
9
9
9
9
9 June
9'July
9[ M
July
Jnne
July
June
July
June
July
June
July
In.
2|
3
2|
2h
3
3
3
2
3i
4
4i
3
3
4
3
^
3
3i
2|
2^
2i
3
3
3
3
4i
3
4
3^
4
H
2|
3;
4
2*
3"
3h
be o
In.
42
36
30
36
24
24
42
24
48
48
72
36
24
24
36
30
54
30
30
36
24
36
24
36
36
48
48
36
36
36
06
48
30
48
36
48
36
48
48
CO
7- 8
6- 8
7
7- 8
7
6- 8
6
6
8- 9
7- 9
8- 9
6
6- 7
4- 6
4- 6
7- 9
8-10
4- 6
6
4- 7
6
6
8
10
4- 6
6
8
10
9
9
5- 8
8
5
9
6
5
8
7
7
5
6
Flavour.
Sweet
Poor
Good
Very sweet . . .
Poor
Very sweet . . .
Sweet
Very sweet . . .
Good
Very good
Very sweet . . .
Very good . . .
Poor . .
Sweet
Very sweet . .
Sweet
Very sweet . .
Poor
Fairly sweet.
Very sweet.. .
Sweet
Fairly sweet.
Very sweet . .
Sweet
Very sweet . .
Fairly sweet.
Sweet
Poor, dry . . .
Dry
Poor
Sweet
Fairly sweet.
Ready
for use.
July
Aug.
Produc-
tiveness.
Fairly.
Very.
Very.
15:
10
12
15
15
151
15 Not.
15 1 Very.
18; Not.
20 Very.
20; „
20 Fairly.
20 „
22 ,.
22
22'
22
22 Not.
24 Fairly.
24| „
24! .,
22 Very.
20j „
24r ,,
1 Fairly.
1 „
1 u
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12 „
IjEairly.
liVery.
5 II
Very.
Fairly.
Very.
Fairly.
Very.
350
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
CUCUMBERS.
Twenty-nine varieties lof cucumbers were sown in the open on May 23, in hills six
feet apart each way. Although they were greatly injured by the June frost a very
heavy crop of fruit was harvested.
The following is the result of this test : —
Varieties.
Arl. Ely. White Spine.
New Siberian
Green Prolific
Paris Pickling
Cool and Crisp
Ely . White Spine
S. B. Evergreen
Cumberland
Boston Pickling
White Wonder
Evergreen Cluster
Short Green
Imp . Long Green
Chic. Wrsterfield
New Oi'leans
Prince. . . .
Hills F. W. Spine
Jap. Climbing
Tailby Hybrid .........
Short Green Gherkin. . .
Farquliar's Perfection .
Thorburn's Everb.!5ting.
Pride of Canada
Nichol's Med . Gem ....
Giant Pera
Long Green Turkey
Produc-
tiveness,
Moderately .
Very
Productive .
Med........
V. prolific. .
Productive .
Very
Fairly . , . . .
Very
Fairly . . .
Very
Fairly
Mod ■. .
Fairly
Very .
V. prolific.
Not
Prolific...
Productive
Length.
In.
G
7
5i
6"
Si
11
5i
10
8i
Colour .
Lt. green.
Dk. green.
Lt.
Dk.
Lt.
Dk.
White
2^ ILt. green.
2i
Dk. green
Lt.
Lt.
White.
Green.
Lt. gr€
Dk.
Peady
for Use.
Aug.
Weight.
Czs.
Flavour
ami
Textuie.
11 :Good.
12 Fair.
9 V. good.
Ill (Good.
8 Fair.
V. good
9
12
8
10
7
6
9
8
10
12
11
7
0
7
8
5h
12'
0
12
10
Good.
Very. *
Fair.
V. good.
Fair.
V. good.
Poor.
Good.
Fair.
Good.
Fair.
V. good.
Good.
E.vcellent.
V. good.
OXIONS.
Six varieties of onions were sown on March 29 in rows 12 inches apart, by hand.
The germination was good in all cases and the varieties gave about an average in yield
and quality.
The following gi^es the result of this test arranged in order of productiveness: —
Variety.
Danver's Yellow Globe. . .
Trebon's Large Yellow
Red Wethersfield
Market Favorite Keeping
Au.stralian Yellow Globe.
Sown.
Pulled.
Colour.
Mar. 29'Scpt. 18.
Shape.
Light yellow Globular
M M Globe . . .
Dark red . . . Flat
Dark yellow n . . . .
Light M Globular.
I -tJ
m
<
Oz.
51
G"
Ah
41
'-: a;, a
Bush.
517
591
528
17G
513
REPORT OF MR. 8. A. BEDFORD 351
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
SQUASH AND PUMPKINS.
Five varieties of squash and pumpkins were sown in the open on May 15, in hills
8 feet apart each way. The late spring frost prevented the best results being obtained,
although a fair crop was harvested, the varieties coming quite up to their average size.
The following results were obtained : —
i^
Lbs.
7i
13
11
25
6
Varieties.
Orange Marrow
Long White Bush Marrow.
English Vegetable jMarrow
Field Pumpkin
Sweet or Sugar Pumpkin. .
Sown.
Yellow
Yw. white,
Yellow
Dk. yellow.
Texture
and
Flavour.
m
S
«
p. c.
Very good . .
90
100
II
95
Very coarse.
II good . .
85
90
FRENCH BEANS.
Seven varieties of beans were sown in the open on May 13, in rows 30 inches apart,
but on account of the June frost rather a light crop was obtained.
The results of this test are given below. The varieties being arranged in order of
earliuess : —
Varieties.
Dwf. Matchless ... .
Fame of Vitry
Dwf. Extra Early
Dwf. B. Speckled
Dwf. Early China
Emperor of Russia
B. B. Arlington Windsor
Sown.
May 13 .
13.
13
13.
13.
13.
13.
Ready for
use.
.Tu
y 27.
27
29
29.
27.
29.
25.
Length
of
I3od.
Inches.
6
7
Gi
7|
6
0
5
Productiveness.
Very
Prolific.
Fairly.
Verj- productive.
PARSNnPS.
One variety of parsnips was sown on April 3, one foot apart, by hand, and lifted
October 19. The variety was Hollow Crown, and the yield per acre was 946 bushels.
CARROTS.
Three varieties of carrots were sown in the open on May 11 in rows one foot apart.
The yield of all the varieties was an average one.
352
EXPEBIMEXTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
CABBAGE.
Eight varieties of cabbage were sown under glass on March 28, and transplanted
to the open on May 15. All did well.
The following table gives the results of the test: —
Varieties.
Paris Market
Express . .
Early Jersey Wakefield
Fottler's Improved
Winnigstadt
Savoy Cabbage
Large flat Drumhead . .
Marblehead
Sown.
March 28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
28.
Planted out.
Ready for
May
15..
15..
15..
15..
15..
15..
15..
15..
June 25 . .
M 25 . .
20..
20..
31..
31..
15..
25..
July
Aug.
Description.
Solid. . .
V.'solid.
V. good
Solid. . ,
Coarse..
Average
weight.
Lbs.
6^
7i
7
6
7h
6i
12
14
SWEET CORN.
Eive varieties of corn were sown this year. Squaw corn was the only variety
which ripened.
The following are the results obtained from this test: —
Varieties.
Squaw Com
New Premo
Extra Early White Cory
Sweet Peep O'day
New Windsor
Sown.
May 13.
„ 13.
„ 13 .
„ 13.
„ 13.
Ready for
use.
August 5. .
15..
15..
20..
23..
Flavour.
Good
Very good
Good.."..
Seed ripened.
Sept. 20.
Did not ripen.
GARDEX TURXIPS
Four varieties of turnips were sown in the open on May 11, by hand, in rows 2
feet apart. The yield per acre has been calculated from the yield of one row 66 feet
long.
Variety.
Robertson's Golden Ball. .
Extra Early White Milan
Early Stone
E. W. S. A. Stone......
Sown.
May
11..
11..
11..
11..
Ready for
use.
Julyl...
M 1...
„ 1...
M 1..
Shape.
Round.
Flat .
Round
Flavc
Good
Fairly good
Fair
Lifted.
Sept. 20.
,. 20.
,. 20.
M 20.
Yield per
Acre.
Tons. Lbs
49 1000
12 1080
36 270
29 1400
REPORT OF MR. 8. A. BEDFORD
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
353
BEETS.
Three varieties of beets were sown in the open on May 11, in rows 2 feet apart,
and were lifted September 19. Average yield per acre, 31 tons.
TOMATOES.
Two varieties of tomatoes were sown iinder glass and transplanted to the open on
June 1. These were all killed with the June frost, but were replaced with a fresh lot
of plants, and they produced a large quantity of ripe fruit.
CAULIFLOWER.
Three varieties were sown under glass March 28, and transplanted to the open
May 15. The following are the results obtained: —
Variety.
Early Snow Ball
Half Early Paris
Dwarf Erfurt
Sown.
March 28...
28...
28...
Planted out.
May 15.
M 15
„ 15.
Ready for
use.
Description .
•Tune 24.... Good
„ 30....: Very
•July 15 . . . M
Average
weight.
Lbs.
3i
RHUBARB.
Eighteen varieties of this useful plant were grown here for testing purposes thi
season. All varieties did well.
The following are the results obtained: —
Variety.
Greenish .
Samyster's Prince of Wales
Early Scarlet
Early Prince ,
Tobolsk
Paragon
Prince Albert .
Magnum Bonum
Brabant's Colossal
Early Crimson
Scarlet Nonpareil
General Taylor
Giant
Salt's Perfection
Royal Albert
Strawberry
Tottle's Improved
Victoria iLightred
Myatt's Linnffius ,
16—23
Colour.
Light red.
Deep red.. .
Light red . .
Light red. . .
Greenish . .
Red
Green
Red
Green
Deep red.. .
Light red . . .
Light green.
Texture.
Soft
Crisp
Very crisp.
Crisp
Stringy
Crisp .
Stringy ...
Soft
Crisp
Stringy ...
Tender. . . .
Very poor.
Crisp
Tender . . . .
Crisp
Tough ,
Weight
per
Plant.
Lbs.
12
12
21
36
23
37
39
41
24
30
29
43
9
22
.%
28
37
47
Flavour.
Very good, juicy.
Good.
Juicy.
Acid.
Very acid.
Sweet.
Good.
Poor.
Very tart.
Tuicy.
Poor.
•Tuicy.
Poor.
Acid.
Good.
Very good.
Good.
Fairly good.
354
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
FLOWEE GAEDEK
A large number of annuals were, as usual, sown in shallow boxes under glass and
transplanted to the flower garden on June 1, most of them made a fine display of
varied colours. Some difficulty was experienced in bringing some of the seedlings
through safel5^ On account of late spring frosts Balsams, Zinnias and Tagetes were
completely destroyed on April 30 in spite of the protection afforded by a thick covering
of canvas. A second sowing on April 30 produced good strong plants, which were
soon available for planting.
ANNUALS SOWN OUTSIDE,
The following mixed collection of annuals sown in the open on May 10 made a
fine colour effect, visitors frequently expressing their admiration of the charming
display : —
Clarkia mixed, Portulaca double.
Coreopsis, Poppies mixed,
Candytuft, Gypsophila elegans,
Abronia umbellata, Nasturtium mixed,
Godetia, Sweet Alyssum.
TENDER PERENNIAL BULBS.
A test was made last year of tender bulbs to ascertain the possibility of flowering
some of the more tender kinds, such as Hyacinths, Narcissi, &c., by using a heavy cov-
ering of strawy manure. The covering was taken off in the spring. Most of the
bulbs on examination were found to be rotten, the Narcissus, however, came through
safely and produced some magnificent blooms. The varieties saved were (Sir Watkm
and Emperor. A fine lot of different varieties of bulbs have been added to the collec-
tion this season; these have been planted in beds and borders.
IRIS KAEMPFERi {Japan Iris).
A valuable addition to our collection of this beautiful perennial was received from
the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa, in the spring of 1905 and planted in the
perennial garden. These produced some very fine' specimens of blooms, which were
greatly admired. The following is a list of those that flowered : —
Name.
Colour.
Kasu-gano Light blue
Shiye-iio-yuki 'Purple
Datedogu iPink
Koki-no-iro iPurple
Senjo-nohora jPink striped. .
Tsutsu-izutsu jP. Wh. striped.
Suiiiida-gawa jWhitish
Goko-iio-asobi 'Purple
Number
Diameter
of
of
Petal.-'.
Plower.
Inches.
G
G
3
5
5
G
6
G
G
0
6
G
3
6
8
4
Height.
Inches.
15
15
18
15
12
12
15
14
Time
of
rioweriig'.
July 30
„ 30
„ 30
Aug. 2
,. 2
I, 2
PAEONiA OFFICINALIS (Hertaceous Paeonies).
We would again call particular attention to this king of hardy herbaceous peren-
nials often erroneously called 'Piney Eose.' It is a matter of regret that although
REPORT OF MR. S. A. BEDFORD 355
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
adapted in every way to the climatic conditions of tlie west comp-aratively few can be
found throughout Manitoba. With a constitution that obviates the necessity of the
slightest protection and increasing in size of plant and number of blooms from year
to year, a few plants give such generous returns for a small expenditure of labour.
The Paeony begins to bloom toward the end of June and continues throughout
July with flowers ranging from 8 to 10 inches in diameter of various colours, many of
them possessing a delicate perfume. They present a mass of colour, which never fails
to elicit the greatest admiration. Some of the clumps on the Experimental Farm are
now 4 to 6 feet in diameter and produce annually an average of 30 to 40 flowers each,
perfectly double and of the most delicate colouring and texture. It is a fact worthj^
of note that although many of the clumps growing on the farm have remained in the
same position since planting (eight to ten years ago) that they show no symptoms of
deterioration, which is quite contrary to the general opinion that they require lifting
and dividing every few years.
Many varieties can now be piirchased having a wide range of colour and form, this
fact, combined with their exceeding hardiness and freedom from disease, places them
in the foremost rank of our hardy herbaceous perennials. We may mention that pro-
pagation is effected by division of the root in a similar manner to that of rhubarb.
DISTEIBUTION OF GKAIN, POTATOES, FOREST TREES, SHRUBS, &c
Seedling trees and shrubs pkgs- 600
Potatoes in 3-lb. bags 206
Wheat in 3-lb. " 131
Oats in 3db. " 100
Barley in 3-lb. " 40
Pease in 3-lb. " 72
Maple seed in 1-lb bags 80
Rhubarb seed -pkgs. 33
Total 1,229
Number of farmers reporting on their experience with oats. ... 15
" " " " wheat . . 11
" " " barley . 5
" " " " potatoes. 42
" " " " pease . . 5
Largest yield obtnir.od from 3 lbs. wheat (Preston) 110 lbs.
" ' " 3 '•' oats (Banner) 101 "
" " 3 " barley (Odessa) 72 "
" " 3 " potatoes (Uncle Sam) . . 272 "
" " 3 " pease (English Grey) . . 55 "
VISITORS.
Owing to the great interest taken in the agricultural advancement and possibilities
of this country, and the increased importance of the city of Brandon as a centre for
farming purposes, the number of visitors to the Experimental Farm is increasing
every year. It is estimated that over 18,000 visitors called at the farm during the past
year. A large number of these were parties examining the country with the idea of
becoming settlers in the west.
The farm was also visited by a number of the leading newspaper correspondents
of the United States, and favourable comments were made on the work of this farm
by the newspapers they represent.
Many excursion trains were run to the farm from towns on the main line of the
Canadian Pacific Railway, also from along the line of the Pembina branch.
IG— 23^
356 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
FAEMERS' MEETINGS.
During the year more farmers' meetings were attended by me than usual. The
attendance at these meetings was generally large, and considerable interest was show.n
in the subjects discussed. Meetings were attended and addresses given at the following
places : —
Portage la Prairie December 12, 1904
Winnipeg January 25, 1905
Brandon February 8, 1905
Minnedosa " 16, 1905
Winnipeg " 24, 25, 1905
Deloraine May 29, 1905
Melita " 30, 1905
Hartney " 31, 1905
Souris June 1, 1905
Eeston " 2, 1905
Virden " 3, 1905
Portage la Prairie " 13, 1905
Rapid City " 15, 1905
Portage la Prairie October 29, 1905
Meteorological Tables for Brandon, Man.
Months.
1904.
December
1905.
January. .
February. .
March
April
May
June
July
Aus^ust . . . ,
September .
October . .
November .
Highest
Temperature.
Day.
Deg.
29
40
18
30
27
47
25
60
25
78
31
80
3
86
10
87
3
85
27
87
3
73
10
56
Lowest
Temperature.
Day. Deg.
27 -34
10
2
10
30
5
10
24
23
24
28
30
—45
—43
—21
11
21
31
39
39
33
—3
—24
Total
Rainfall.
Inches.
•72
•00
2-59
4-53
40G
2-37
302
•15
11
17-61
Total
Snowfall.
Inches.
2
8
1
H
'2"
5
1
2
21i
Total
Sunshine.
Hours.
617
118
165
57
■215
208
187
297
249
206
124
1,979-8
SAMPLES FOR EXHIBITION.
A number of samples have been prepared for the immigration offices and for ex-
hibitions held in Europe and other places.
The Department of the Interior was also supplied with a quantity of grain and
grasses for the same purpose.
CORRESPONDENCE.
During the past year 4,Y83 letters were received and 3,140 despatched, irrespective
of circulars sent out.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
S. A. BEDFORD,
Superintendent.
I
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906
EXPEROIEXTAL FaRM^ IxdIAN HeaD, SasK.^
November 30, 1905.
Dr. Wm. Saunders, C.M.G.,
Director Dominion Experimental Farms,
Ottawa.
SiR^ — I have the honour to submit to you the eighteenth annual report of the ope-
rations of the Experimental Earm for the North-west Territories at Indian Head.
Sask., during the year 1905.
The past season has been, without an exeei^tion, the most favourable for grain of
all sorts the Territories have ever experienced. In past years, over so wide an extent
of terriiory, some districts or large sections of country would have more or less poor
crops. This year, however, all rejoice in a most bountiful harvest. In many plac&s
the crop was excessively heavy, causing considerable expense in securing it.
Very little snow fell during last winter, and after Eebroiiry li little or no severe
weather took place. Seeding could have been done in any part of the Territories dur-
ing tlie last half of February and all of March, and in s;ome cases grain was sown
within this period.
April opened very fine, and seeding became general over the whole country the
first few days. During the month pne or two cold spells occurred, but did not inter-
fere with seeding, which was completed early, and better than for many preceding
springs.
Grain as a rule germinated early and evenly, and under heavy showers and warm
weather in May and June growth was very rapid, and in some districts very rank.
Harvest commenced from August 20 to 25, as a rale, with som.3 districts a few
days earlier. Unfavourable weather, with heavy showers, retarded the catting. No
delay in harvesting took place from backward growth, as the grain all ripened evenly
and fast.
On September 4 the temperature was very near the freezing point, and no doubt,
from results shown by threshing, did reach that point in some places. The first frost
shown by instruments on the Experim.ental Farm was on Tuesday, September 12, when
one degree was recorded.
From the excessive quantity of straw, and unfavourable weather, threshing has
been both tedious and expensive this fall, and at the present time considerable has yet
to be done. Very heavy yields are being obtained everywhere, showing the wonderful
fertility of the soil when conditions are favourable.
EXPERIMENTAL FARM CROPS.
The crops on the Experimental Farm have never been so uniformly good as they
were this year. Some of the uniform test plots of wheat, through being too heavy,
lodged badly and rusted, and were considerably injured, especially in the sample. All
field crops, whether grain or roots, were good both in yield and quality. Straw in
many cases lodged badly, but chiefly from heavy rain after fiUing, and the returns do
357
358
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 19DS
not seem to have been lessened, though the cost of harvesting was increased, as nearly
every acre on the farm had to be cut one way.
Barley harvest commenced August 11, and everything was in stook on Septem-
ber 8.
EXPEEIMENTS WITH WHEAT.
Thirty-four varieties of wheat were sown in uniform plots of 0!i3-tw3ntieth acre
on April 6 on fallowed land. In all casos the yield of straw was exc^slve and lodged
badly, and the early sorts were struck by rust and injured to a great extent.
The land on which the uniform plots of wheat, oats and barley w'cre sown was
manured for roots three years ago, which no doubt was one of th3 causes of the exces-
sive yield of straw on all the plots, and probably helped the rust in its work.
Sppjxg Wheat — Ujsiform Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
1 Minnesota No. 1G3
2 Huron (Ottawa Seed)
3 Haynes' Blue Stem, Minn. 1G9
4 White Fife
McKendry's Fife, Minn. 181
G Bishop
7 Welhnan's Fife
8 Dawn
9 Percy (Ottawa Seed)
10 j Australian No. 0
■lliStanley (Ottawa Seed)
12! Laurel (Ottawa Seed)
13 Power's Fife, Minn. 149 ...
14;Huron (Indian Head Seed)..
15 [Laurel m n
IG Stanley „ ,1 ..
17JChester
181 Pre.ston (Ottawa Seed)
19'Red Fife
20 Preston (Indian Head Seed) '. .
2l'Monarch
22:Countesh
23|Colorarlo
24!Clyde
25! Advance
2G:Percy (Indian Head Seed).
27iPrinKle'8 Chaniplain
28JRed Fern
29|Heris3on Bearded
30 Riga ....
31 Downy Riga
32iVVeldon
33|Early Riga
34, Hungarian White
Aug. 28
26
U,
rt
2
'C
a
Of^ 1
^
1
;3 ^ I— I
tc S be
144
31
147
31
147
31
147
2()
142
29
145
19
135
25
141
28
144
25
141
28
144
30
14G
«
29
145
25
141
2G
142
*
29
145
*
30
140
*
142
25
141
25
141
2G
142
27
143
27
143
19
135
19
135
27
143
19
135
In.
54
50
51
51
55
47
59
51
53
52
53
52
51
53
52
54
52
50
50
54
53
51
51
56
49
50
50
52
50
52
47
54
48
51
Medium
Weak
Medium
Weak . .
Medium
Weak . .
Medium
^X
Kind
of
Head.
Weak . .
Medium
Weak .
Medium
" -I
Weak . '. I
II . .j
Medium;
Strong. . i
11 . . '
Medium:
Weak . . I
Medium
Strong. . j
Bald....
Bearded
Bald....
In.
31
4-
4
4
4i
3I
4i
3I
4"
4
4i
4h
3|
4 I Bearded
4J!iBald....
4i „ ...
4" ,1 ..:
4 I Bearded
.Sf^Bald....
4 I Bearded
Bald....
Bearded
Bald....
Bearded
Bald....
4^1 Bearded
4.'-, .1 .
3iBald.
3'
4
Bearded!
Lbs.
6,010
6,040
5,080
6,800
7,820
5,740
4,540
6,700
6,900
7,980
G,iSO
5,380
4,3'-^0
7,800
7,420
5,320
5,320
6,140
5,740
8,280
4,900
7,000
5,140
6,380
7,200
4,620
7,520
6,740
7,600
5,040
4,720
4,800
4,140
8,700
g J Lb:
<
2
1-5
46
43
40
43
40
43
20
43
43
43
41
40
41
40
41
20
40
20
40
20
40
20
40
39
40
38
38
37
40
37
40
:;5
20
35
33
20
31
30
26
30
29
40
28
27
40
26
40
21
20
23
40
23
20
20
16
40
j^ m -1 p*
,^ s.5-0
61
56
6U
59|
59'
59
5ih
56"
60i
56'
57
61^
55^
56i
55}
57
59i
56
60
53}
59}
5U
5ih
55
58^
£8
59
50
50
50
50
57h
* These varieties were not fully ripe when cut, but were cut on account of beins
affected with rust. Number of days from sowing to cutting, 135.
badly
WHEAT — TEST OF VARIETIES IN FIELD LOTS.
Nine varieties of wheat were sown in field lots, on fallowed land, clay loam, at the
rate of 1 J bushels seed per acre. Huron and Preston, sown alongside each other, gave
REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKA7
359
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
the best yields this year. Huron was almost entirely lodged, and alongside of a hedge
was rusted slightly. Percy and Stanley were injured by winds in the spring to some
extent, causing the yields to be below what they otherwise would have been. Preston
v.-as ripe 9 days earlier than Red Fife, which was sown one day earlier in April.
Wheat — Test of Varieties in Field Lots.
Name of Variety.
Huron
Preston
Laurel
Red Fife
White Fife
Percy
Riga
Early Riga
Stanley
Pringle's Cbampl
1
o
PM
>4-l S
«4-«
o z^
u
■^;^
N
A
m
C)
Acres.
5
Aug. 23.
10
M 21.
5i
Sept. 1.
5i
,. 1.
4|
M 1.
5;
„ 22.
■ •
M 19.
2
,. 20.
5:
M 22.
1 2
M 29.
140
139
151
151
150
141
135
138
141
147
oM
Kind
of
Head.
In.
3i Bearded
4" i
3i Bald
3|
3i
3
3
Si
4i Bearded
Yi
eld
per
Acre.
no
47
12
46
54
42
26
42
3
37
35
32
53
32
31
50
31
4
28
28
Weight
per
measured
bushel
after
cleaning.
Lbs.
62
62^
574
61
59i
59
60
60
59
62
Rusted.
Considerably on leaves.
Slightly on leaves.
Badlv !!
Slightly
Badly
Considerably on leaves.
Slightly on leaves.
Considerably on leaves.
Wheat Crop axd Average Yield.
Variet'^
Huron
Preston
Laurel
Red Fife
White Fife
Percy
Riga
Early Riga
Stanlej'
Pringle's Champlain
Cultivation.
Fallow
Acres.
5
10
5i
Si
4|
5i
\
4
44
Yield
per Acre.
Bush.
47
46
42
42
37
32
32
31
31
28
Lbs
12
54
26
3
35
53
50
4
28
Total
Yield.
Bush. Lbs.
236
469
222
231
178
172
8
23
163
56
1,702
46
16
31
38
52
6
56
An aver.age of 40 bushels 3 lbs. per acre.
860
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWAi=?D VII., A. 1906
COilPARISON OF FIELD LOTS OF WHEAT FOR THE LAST FIVE YEARS.
Below will be found dates of seeding and ripening, number of days maturing, and
yield of Red Fife and four of the early cross-bred wheats for 1905, and also the aver-
ages for the last five years. The five varieties have been grown each year in field lots,
under the same conditions, except that the seeding could not in all cases be done on
the same day.
Vaiiety.
1905.
Average
No. of
days to
mature.
Days
less than
Red
Fife.
Average
Date
sown.
Date
ripe.
Days
to
mature.
Yield.
yield
Red Fife
April 3..
4..
3..
3..
5..
Sept. 1..
Aug. 21..
„ 22..
M 22..
„ 23..
151
139
141
141
140
Bus. Lbs.
42 3
4G 54
31 4
32 53
47 12
135-6
125-4
125-
127-8
123-4
"16-2"
10-G
7-8
12-2
Bus. Lbs.
40 47
Preston (Red Fife x Ladoga).,
Stanley n m
Percy (White Fife x Ladoga) . .
Huron u m
39 32
3G 17
32 40
42 5G
SPRING WHEAT — TEST OF FERTILIZERS.
Six plots of l-40th acre each were sown with Red Fife wheat on ]\Iay 2, with hoc
drill, at the rate of li bushels per acre. Soil clay loam.
be
^bb
i
i
'C
^ ^
6
a
d C
U-, ci
!^ 03
U-. ci
^ "-3
Name of Variety.
Date of
Ripeni
■502
bo
S
1-5
Characte
of Str
a
CD
'S
>5
Rusted.
In.
In.
Lbs.
4 -J.
Plot No. 1 — Nitrate of soda, 100 lbs. per acre
« 3
(half sown when grain was 2 in. high,
balance when 6 in. high )
Sept. 4.
125
55
Medium
4
G,2S0
42 ..
Considerably.
Plot No. 2— Nitrate of soda, 200 lbs. per acre
(half sown when grain was 2 in. high,
balance when G in. high)
M 4.
125
48
II
4
5,400
43 20
,,
Plot No. 3- Superphosphate No. 1, 400 lbs.
per acre (sown before grain and harrowed)
M 4.
i2o
52
II
H
G,920
38 ..
II
Plot No. 4— Check plot, unfertilized
M 4.
125
48
II
4
7,240
42 40
II
Plot No. 5— Muriate of potash, 200 lbs. per
acre (sown before grain and harrowed). . .
-, 3.
124
49
Weak...
4
4,7G0
47 20
It
Plot No. G— Superphosphate No. 1, 200 lbs.
per acre ; muriate of potash, 100 lbs. per
acre ; nitrate of .soda, 100 lbs. per acre
(half sown befoie grain and harrowed,
balance when the grain was 2 in. high). . .
„ 3.
124
54
" • • ■
H
5,840
42 40
"
REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY
361
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
MACARONI AVHEAT — TEST OF VARIETIES.
Four varieties were sown April 6, in l-20th acre plots on fallowed land, clay loam.
All were badly lodged from heavy grow.th of straw.
Name of Variety.
1 Goose
2 Yellow Gharnovka
3 Mahmoudi
4 Roumanian
Aug. 28
„ 28
,. 28
,. 2G
>> •
0 J3
1'^
1^
0)
"^ v.
so
U'^
tD
TJ
fee
a
C
^^
^
^^
W
^^
In.
In.
Lbs.
144
53
Weak.. .
3i
Bearded
10,440
144
55
II
3
„
10,140
144
54
11 ..
3
„
8,360
14-2
54
3
"
8,000
s<<
Bush. Lbs
54 40
20
40
-f ft
Lbs.
G4|
64
63
63
Rusted.
Considerably
on leaves.
EMMER AXD SPELT.
Two varieties of siselt and two of emmer were sown April 8, by hoe drill on fallowed
land, clay loam. Plots were l-20th acre each. One acre of Common emmer, and two
small plots of White spelt were also sown, the results being shown below : —
Name of Variety.
Date of
Ripening.
00
1^
S
Cluiracter
of Straw.
c I'
o
1-3
1'
o
3
■©
>5
11
'3
In.
In.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
1 Red Spelt
.\ug. 28
142
51
Medium
4i
Bald....
5,380
3,420
33
2 White Spelt
,1 28
142
55
Strong. .
G
11 ...
4,260
3,340
34
3 Red Emmer •
„ 30
144
51
Weak...
4
Bearded
5,560
3,0J0
401
4 Common Emmer
M 28
142
50
,1 ..
3}
"
4,460
2,940
48
Common Emmer ...
,1 29
125
51
,j
2|
„
3,124
White Spelt
,1 29
n'>.
50
Strong. .
5i
Bald....
2,435
2,344
„ 28
121
60
6
SUMMER FALLOWS.
In view of the gi'eat importance of properly prei)aring land for crops, and of the
large number of new settlers coming into the country, I make no excuse for repeating
what was said in my last three reports respecting summer-fallows, and breaking up and
cultivating new prairie land.
It is very gratifying to know that throughout the Territories, summer-fallowing
is rapidly becoming general. 'No matter where farming is carried on, the farmers
realize that to be sure of a crop they must prepare a portion of their land the year
before the crop is grown, and apart from the value of the stored moisture, there is the
inestimable advantage of keeping weeds from overrunning the farm.
The true worth of properly prepared fallows has been clearly demonstrated in past
years in every grain-growing district of Assiniboia.
The work of preparing land for crop by fallowing is carried on in so many ways in
different parts of the Territories, that perhaps a few words on some of the methods em-
ployed may be of help to at least some of the new settlers.
352 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903
It has been observed in Alberta and Saskatchewan that the land to be fallowed is
not, as a rvile, touched until the weeds are full grown and in many cases, bearing fully
matured seed. It is then ploughed.
By this method, which, no doubt, saves work at the time, the very object of a sum-
mer-fallow is defeated. In the first place, moisture is not conserved because the land
has been pumped dry by the heavy growth of weeds: and, secondly, instead of using
the summer-fallow as a means of eradicating weeds, a foundation is laid for years of
labour and expense by the myriads of foul seeds turned imder.
The endless fields of yellow-flowered weeds, generally Ball Mustard (Neslia pani-
culata), testify to the indifferent work done in many districts, and, while no weed is
more easily eradicated by a good system of fallows, there is no weed that is more easily
propagated or takes greater advantage of poor work on fallows or of fall or spring
cultivation.
As has been pointed out in my previous reports, early and thorough work on fal-
lows is absolutely necessary to success, and I here repeat the methods and results of
tests carried on for some years past.
First Method. — ^Ploughed deep (6 to 8 inches) before last of June; surface culti-
vated during the growing season, and just before or immediately after harvest ploughed
5 or 6 inches deep.
Result. — Too much late growth if season was at all wet; grain late in ripening,
and a large crop of weeds if the grain w.as in any way injured by winds.
Second Method. — Ploughed shallow (3 inches deep) before the last of June; sur-
face cultivated during the growing season, and ploughed shallow (.3 to 4 inches deep) in
the autumn.
Result. — Poor crop in a dry year; medium crop in a wet year. Not sufficiently
stirred to enable soil to retain the moisture.
Third Method. — Ploughed shallow (3 inches) before the last of June; surface cul-
tivated during the growing season, and ploughed deep (7 to 8 inches) in the autumn.
Result. — Soil too loose and does not retain moisture. Crop light and weedy in a
dry year.
Fourth Method. — Ploughed deep (7 to 8 inches) before the last of June; surface
cultivated during the growing season.
Result. — Sufficient moisture conserved for a dry year, and not too much for a wet
one. Few or no weeds, as all the seeds near the surface have germinated and been
killed. Surface soil apt to blow more readily than when either of the other methods is
followed. For the past fourteen years, the best, safest and cleanest grain has been
grown on fallow worked in this way, and the method is therefore recommended.
Fallows that have been ploughed for the first time after the first of July, and
especially after July 15, have never given good results; and the plan too frequently
followed of waiting till weeds are full grown, and often ripe, and ploughing under witli
the idea of enriching the soil, is a method that cannot be too earnestly advised against.
In the first place, after the rains are over in June or early in July, as they usually
are, no amount of work, whether deep or shallow ploughing, or surface cultivation, can
put moistvire in the soil. The rain must fall on the first ploughing and be conserved
by surface cultivation.
Weeds, when allow.ed to attain their full grovv-th, take from the soil all the moist-
ure put there by the June rains, and ploiTghing under weeds with their seeds ripe or
nearly so, is adding a thousand-fold to the myriads already in the soil, and docs not
materially enrich the land.
I
REPORT OF MR. A^'GUS MACKAY 363
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
METHODS OY PREPARING XEW GROUND.
In view of the fact that every year brings to the Territories many new settlers,
who are unacquainted with the methods of breaking up and preparing new land for
crop, a few suggestions with regard to this very important work may not be amiss.
In all sections where the sod is thick and tough, breaking and back-setting should
be done; while in districts where scrub abounds and the sod is thin, deep breaking is
all that is necessary.
The former is generally applicable to Assiniboia, and the latter to Alberta and
Saskatchewan, especially to the northern parts of these Territories where the land is
more or less scrubby.
SHALLOW-BREAKIXG XSD BACK-SETTIXG.
The sod should be turned over as thin as possible, and for this purpose a walking
plough with a 12 or li-inch share, is the best. ^Vhen the breaking is completed (which
should not be later than the second week in July), rolling will hasten the rotting pro-
cess and permit back-setting to commence early in August.
Back-setting is merely turning the sod back to its original place, and at the same
time bringing up two or three inches of fresh soil to cover it. The ploughing should
be done in the same direction as the breaking and the same width of furrow turned.
Two inches below the breaking is considered deep enough, but three to four inches will
give better results.
After back-setting, the soil cannot be made too fine, and the use of disc or Randall
harrow to cut up every piece of unrotted sod, will complete the work.
DEEP BREAKEXG.
Deep breaking, which in many sections of the country is the only practicable way
of preparing new land, and which is, unfortunately, done in some instances wliere
breaking and back-setting would give more satisfactory residts, consists in the turning
over of the sod as deeply as possible, usually from four to five inches.
When the sod has rotted, the top soil should be worked and made as fine as possible.
The use of harrow and disc will fill up all irregularities on the surface, and make a fine,
even seed-bed.
Whether the land is broken shallow or deep, it is necessary to have the work con"".-
pleted early, so as to take advantage of the rains which usually come during June or
early in July. These rains cause the sod to rot, and without them, or if the ploughing
is done after they are over, the sod remains in the same condition as when turned, and
no amount of work will make up for the loss.
To some districts near the foot-hills of the mountains and in districts where scrub
abounds and the sod is thin, these remarks may not apply; but as a rule, throughout
the Territories, early breaking, whether deep or shallow, is advisable.
WORKING LAND AFTER FIRST CROP.
Inquiries are often made as to what should be done after taking off the first crop
on new land, the question being as to whether the land should be ploughed, or culti-
vated, or sown without any cultivation whatever.
This, however, can only be determined by circumstances. In districts with heavy
clay soil, a satisfactory crop may be expected from burning the stubble of the former
crop and sowing with or without cultivation, although a shallow cultivation After the
stubble is burnt usually gives the best results.
364 EXPERIMENTAL FAR MS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
In districts with light soils and especially with gravelly snhsoil, cultivation before
seeding is necessary.
After taking the second crop from breaking or back-setting, there can be no doubt
that the land should be well fallowed to put it in proper condition for succeeding crops.
If the fallow is well made and the process repeated every third year, the settler will have
started on the right road to future success.
SMUT.
Smut the past season has been bad in many sections of the country, causing seri-
ous loss to the growers. Several reasons may be given why smut was so prevalent, but
without a doubt the chief one was improper treatment of the seed. That smut can be
entirely prevented has been time and again proven. Care must be taken to dissolve the
bluestone before applying, and to have the solution strong enough.
I repeat what was said in my last report in regard to treatment for prevention of
smut.
On account of many new. settlers coming into the country each year that can have
no idea of the prevalence of smut, especially in the wheat crop, and the serious loss
caused by this fungous disease, I submit the results obtained during the past years on
this farm for their guidance.
Bunt or stinking smut in wheat is a fungous disease that attacks the grain more
or less each year, and where at all bad, the crop is rendered unsaleable, and with only a
few heads affected, if threshed in damp weather, the grade and price are reduced. No
district is proof against smut, and though more prevalent in some seasons than others,
it is wise to guard against all danger from this source each year. Two remedies have
been tried repeatedly; these are, treating the seed with bluestone (Copper Sulphate),
and with formalin. Bluestone, from cheapness, ease in application and effectual cure,
has proven the best for wheat, while formalin has given the best results with smut in
oats and barley. Wliile formalin is not more expensive than bluestone, the application
is more difficult in the seed having to be soaked longer.
For wheat apparently free from smut, 1 pound of bluestone crushed and dissolved
in warm water and mixed with 10 gallons water, and the seed sprinkled with, or dipped
in the solution, is sufficient for 10 bushels. For wheat at all affected, 1 pound blue-
stone to 5 bushels seed is required. The seed can be sprinkled or dipped as is most
convenient, but, in sprinkling, care must be taken that every grain is wet with the
solution.
For smut in oats or barley, 1 pound of formalin (which is a liquid), is sufficient
for 50 bushels seed. If the seed is smutty the solution should be 8 or 9 ounces formalin
tc 10 gallons of water; if not smutty, 4-J ounces to the same quantity of water.
The seed should be soaked from 5 minutes to 2 hours, according to condition of
grain and strength of solution.
EXPEKIMENTS WITH OATS.
Forty-one varieties were sown on April 2G, on l-20th acre plots of fallowed Ir.nd.
Soil clay loam. They were sown by hoe drill, at the rate of 2 bushels seed per acre.
All sorts were very heavy and badly lodged, and had to be cut with a mower; all,
however were well advanced when heavy rains and wind lodged them, and both yield
and sample were good.
REPORT OF MR. AXGVS MACKAY 365
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Oats — Test of Varieties.
sT-ri
T1
^
ce~ tc
be
tc
c3 C3
^
(3
0)
2
£
S 2'-
a
cc-^
2
a
m
<
g
S
Name of Variety.
d
o.S
t-i
o
"5)
B
<E
l-:i
Kind of
Head.
o
to
>5
Rusted.
In.
In.
Lbs.
i
(^
Lbs.
1
Goldfinder
Aug. 26
122
53
Weak . .
9
Branching
6,200
117
22
39
Considerably
2
Pioneer
,. 28
124
59
11
11
II
6,100
112
32
40
on leaves.
,S
Siberian
„ 24
M 28
„ 26
120
124
122
62
54
52
Medium
Weak '. '.
12:Sided
10 Branching
lO'Sided
7,200
7,940
7,020
111
111
111
26
26
6
39i
36i
38"
4
5
Golden Tartarian...
6
Twentieth Century. .
„ 20
116
52
lOl Branching
4,440
110
20
41
7
Coliiinbus
„ 25
„ 26
121
122
50
51
9
10
II
7,240
7,240
110
110
20
20
40
41
8
Golden Beauty
9
American Triumph. .
„ 23
119
50
II
9
,,
6,200
no
41
10
Tartar Kinsr
„ 23
119
50
„
9
Sided
5,600
no
42
11
Early Golden Prolific
,. 26
122
54
11
Branching
7,280
109
14
41
12
Kendal White
,. 23
119
56
9
II
7,300
108
28
41i
13
Scotch Potato
„ 23
119
54
Medium
10
II
7,160
107
2
40"
14
„ 20
„ 24
lie
120
50
52
Weak . .
9
9
II
6,380
6,220
106
105
16
10
39J
m
15
Improved American.
1()
White Giant
„ 22
118
54
Medium
9
II
5,840
104
24
42
17
Golden Giant
„ 28
124
56
„
10: Sided
7,840
104
24
37
18
Danish Island
M 20
116
55
Weak . .
10
Branching
5,840
104
24
m
19
Lincoln
„ 24
120
54
M
10
11
5,920
102
12
4U
20
Milford White
M 24
120
52
II
10
Sided
8,120
102
12
41i
21
Holstein Prolitic. , . .
., 21
117
50
Medium
10
Branching
6,740
101
26
40^
22
Golden Fleece ....
M 27
123
50
Weak . .
9
II
8,140
101
6
40
?S
,. 22
M 24
118
120
52
50
" ••
10
8
II
6,960
7,160
101
101
6
6
42
40
24
American Beauty . . .
25
Buckbees Illinois. . .
„ 20
116
54
II
9
11
6,960
101
6
41
26
Improved Ligowo. . .
u 20
116
57
H
9
11
5,360
101
6
42
27
Bavarian
„ 21
117
57
II
f-
11
7,400
100
38.^
28
Storm King
ti 22
118
53
II
11
Sided
5,820
99
14
38
29
Wide Awake
„ 20
116
5(
Medium
8
Branching
5,620
99
14
39i
30
Irish Victor
,. 24
120
56
Weak . .
10
11
6,860
98
8
42.1
31
Abundance
„ 21
117
5.3
Medium
9
11
5,440
95
30
40
32
Banner
„ 20
116
55
Weak . .
10
11
5,960
95
10
40
33 Swedish Select
„ 20
11 (i
54
It
9
11
5,980
94
24
401
34 Olive Black 1
., 28
124
57
Medium
12
Sided
8,460
92
12
36:^
85
Kirsche
-, 26
8
122
104
52
60
Weak '. '.
9
10
Branching
7,740
7,540
90
90
39i
40"
36
Baxter's July
Slightly on
leaves.
37
Kendal Black
„ 28
124
57
Medium
10
Sided
6,560
89
14
40
Considerably
38
Milford Black
M 28
124
55
II
10
„
7,320
84
24
37
on leaves.
39
Sensation
M 20
116
53
Weak . .
10
„
6,400
82
12
41
11 II
40
Black Beauty
„ 28
124
56
.1
13
Branching
5,660
74
24
36
II 11
41
Thousand Dollar ....
M 19
115
54
Medium
11
11
5,900
73
18
4U
11 II
The Baxter's July oat was received in the spring of 1905, from B. J. Baxter,
Pense, Sask., under that name. This sort was cut on August 8, while the earliest other
variety was cut August 20. The straw was very weak, but in ordinary years it may be
much stiffer. The yield was 90 bushels per acre, and on account of earliness this
variety is worthy of further trial.
366 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1903
EXPERIMENTS WITH OATS IN FIELD LOTS.
Twelve varieties were sown April 24 to 28, in field lots, on clay loam, and all gave
good yields and good samples. Banner again heads the list for the best yield. All
the varieties were more or less down, but there was no rust worth mentioning.
Oats — Test op Varieties in Field Lots.
Name of Variety.
Size
of
Plot.
Date
of
Ripen-
ing.
be
o
6
Length
of
Straw
includ-
ing
Head.
Character
of
Straw.
O
a
Kind
of
Head.
Yield
per
Acre.
n a; bo
Banner
Acres.
10
5
5
3
5
5
5
2|
4
P
Auar. 20
118
113
116
114
116
124
115
112
112
115
114
114
_ Inches.
00
56
51
58
55
50
55
52
54
52
CO
54
Medium . .
Strong . .
Weak . ". ; ;
Medium .
Strong . . .
Medium. .
Strong . . .
Weak
Medium . .
Weak
In.
10
10
10
10
10
9
10
9
9
9
9
10
Branching. .
107 13
99 20
98 6
91 30
90 28
89 ..
89 ..
89 ..
87 23
86 ..
84 28
84 ..
Lb--.
41
, 19
■ 19
, 18
, 19
. 27
, 18
, 18
, IS
t 18
, 18
, 18
42h
White Giant
41A
38'
Improved Ligowo
Abundance
41
40
43i
Thousand Dollar
Waverley
41
42i
39'
Tartar King
Sided......
Branching:. .
41
38i
Oat Crop and Average Yield.
Variety.
Banner
Danish Island ...
White Giant . . .
Goliifinder
Improved Ligowo
.Abundance
Wide Awake. . . .
Thousand Dollar.
Waveiley
Welcome . . . .
Tartar Kin? ....
Black Beauty . .
Cultivation.
Fallow
Acres..
10
5
5
3
5
5
5
o3
"4
2a
4
3^
3
54
Yield
per Acre.
Bush. Lbs.
107
9^t
98
94
90
89
89
89
87
86
84
84
13
20
6
30
28
23
28
Total Yield.
Bush. Lbs.
1,073
497
490
284
454
445
445
244
241
344
296
252
5,070
2-!
32
30
22
4
25
4
30
An average of 93 bushels 30 lbs. per acre.
REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACK AY
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
367
FIELD LOTS OF OATS.
COMPARISON OF XIXE VARIETIES FOR FIVE YEARS.
Following are given the average number of days maturing and average yield for
the last five years of nine varieties of oats, grown in field lots under similar conditions.
They were sown each year on fallowed land.
Variety.
Average
time maturing
for 6 years.
Average
yield for 5
years.
Days.
Banner . . .
Abundance
Wide Awake
Goldfinder
Black Beauty ....
Tartar King
Waverley
Thousand Dollar.
Improved Ligowo
111
114
111
115
112
109
112
111
112
Bush. Lbs.
103
7
95
12
91
90
10
88
4
86
5
83
5
82
2
EXPEEIMENTS WITH BAELEY.
Fifteen varieties of two-rowed and 19 of six-rowed barley were sown on one-
twentieth acre plots clay loam on April 27 to 29, with hoe drill, at the rate of two
bushels of seed per acre. All gave good returns, with bright, plump samples. Some
plots had to be cut with the mower, and all were badly lodged.
Barley Two-rowed — Test of Varieties.
Name of V
Lriety.
Date of
Ripening.
1 Beaver Aug.
2 Invincible
3 Gordon
4!i3tandwell
SJSwedish Chevalier.
GjNewton
Danish Chevalier.
Canadian Thorpe.
Clifford
•Sidney
11 j French Chevalier.
12iJarvis
13 Logan
14 j Harvey
15 Dunham
14..
17 .
13..
18..
18..
19.,
IS..
13..
14 .
14..
15..
14..
14..
13..
14..
107
110
108
111
111
112
111
106
107
109
108
109
109
lOG
107
^-n
u2
In.
46
46
51
48
43
49
40
48
48
47
44
50
48
46
50
Character
of
Straw .
Medium .
Weak
Medium .
Weak . .
Medium.
Weak . .
In.
4
3
3
21
3i
3"
3i
3
4
4
H
4
31
3i
3
Weight
of
Straw.
Yield
per Acre.
Lbs . Bush . Lbs.
4,660
75
5,820
74
28
3,300
64
28
6.220
62
4
5,340
59
28
5,660
57
4
6,140
55
20
5,160
55
4,520
51
32
4,340
51
12
4,000
50
20
4,000
50
3,700
47
44
3,920
47
24
4,000
41
32
s-c -'^
5.3^
54^
52i
53i
54'
o^
521
52i
53'
54
53
53
52i
53"
54
368
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Barley Six-rowed — Test of Varieties.
^
Name of Variety .
1 Stella
2 Nugent
3 Claude
4 Blue Longhead. . . .
5 Yale
6, Mansfield
TiMensury .
8 Common
9 Rennie's Improved
10 Summit
ll|Trooper
12 Empire .
Oderbruch
Odessa
Argyle . . .
Brome
Royal
Albert.. ..
Champion..
Date of
Ripening.
Aug. 15. .
., 15..
M 14..
,t 15..
M 16..
,. 12..
>. 12..
,- 11..
„ 10..
„ 14..
„ 13 .
„ 14..
„ 10..
„ 16..
„ 12..
M 16..
M 10..
M 14..
7..
108
108
107
108
109
105
105
104
103
107
106
107
103
109
105
109
103
107
100
y^-^
In.
43
45
45
43
43
46
50
42
43
49
47
44
44
44
49
45
45
45
43
Character
of
Straw.
Medium
Strong..
Weak . .
Medium
Strong. .
Weak . .
Medium
Weak . .
Medium
Weak . .
Medium
Weak . .
13
eS
0)
w
"o
Weight
J2
of
-u>
Straw.
a
o
V^
In.
Lbs.
2
4,220
3
5,020
2h
4,640
2h
3,860
2^
3,880
2
6,040
3
7,080
2
5,660
21
6,360
2i
6,780
3
6,000
n
6,400
n
6,200
n
6,420
n
7,020
3
7,060
2i
6,080
21
21
5,840
5,260
Yield
per Acre.
Bush. Lbs.
82
44
78
36
74
8
73
36
73
16
70
69
8
65
20
63
16
62
44
62
24
62
24
62
24
62
4
62
4
61
12
60
40
57
24
36
12
t- - a
a; - cs
tCr 1, S
Lbs.
53^
51
50i
47"
51
53
52
54
54
52
521
52i-
54i
52i
53
51i
53"
h\h
4S~
FIELD LOTS OF BARLEY.
Nine varieties of barley were sown in field lots. Nearly all the yields were above
the average, and all the varieties gave a good sample. Mensury was sown on Brome
Grass sod, broken and back-set the previous year, and Canadian Thorpe was put in on
land which gave a root crop in 1C04. Sidney was sown on fallow, and also on Brome
sod. The other kinds were all on fallow. All were sown on clay loam.
Barley — Test of Varieties in Field Lots.
Name of Variety,
Odessa
Claude
^Mansfield
Stand well
Mensury
Royal
Invincible
Sidnejf
Canadian Thorpe .
Sidney
o
p-l
Date
o
of
CP
Sowing.
m
9
3
<
3
31
April 29
„ 27
5
„ 26
4
5
May 1
1
1|
2I
5
April 29
May 1
„ 1
2
2
1
Date
of
Ripen-
ing.
6^
Aug. 13 106
13 108
12
24
12
11
24
17
17
17
108
115
103
104
115
108
107
108
^.5 5
si's
In.
Cliaracter
of
Straw.
55 Weak . .
48 Medium
50 Strong .
50 Weak . .
52 Strong .
47 1 Weak ..
48M«dium
45
48 Strong .
43 ,. .
In.
Kind
of
Head.
Six-rowed
3|iTwo-rowed.
3;^ Six-rowed .
3
3i Two-rowed.
4|
3
4
Yield
per
Acre.
-a
3
^
W
t-A
73
34
72
22
70
45
64
40
62
18
59
42
57
6
56
15
54
18
46
1
2
o a; -; a>
Lbs.
51
49
51i
52'
50i
52
53i
53i
53"
531
REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY
369
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Barley Crop and Average Yield.
Variety.
Ode^sa.
Claude
Mansfield
Stand well
Mensury
Roj^al
Invincible
Sidney
Canadian Thorpe
Sidney
Cultivation.
Fallow . . .
Brome-sod
Fallow . . ,
II . , .
Root land
Brome-sod
Acres.
3
3i
5"
4
5
IS
^
2
35
Yield per
Acre.
Bush. Lbs.
73
72
70
64
62
59
57
56
54
46
3t
22
45
40
18
42
6
15
18
2
Total Yield.
Bush. Lbs.
221
253
354
259
311
122
203
126
271
92
6
29
33
16
42
14
42
34
42
4
2,217 22
An average of 63 bushels 17 lbs. per acre.
FIELD LOTS OF BARLEY.
COMPARISON OF NINE VARIETIES FOR FIVE YEARS.
Following will be found the average number of days maturing and average yield
for the past five years of nine varieties of barley. These were grown for the most part
in field lots on fallow, but in one or two cases, where the varieties were not grown
vmder these conditions, the yields of the iiniform tests were taken, or yields of field
plots grown on stubble or sod, in order to get figures for the five years.
1
Variety.
Average time
maturing
for five years
Average
yield
for five years.
Claude
Royal
Odessa
Days.
104-2
100 2
100-
99-
103 8
110*
104-2
107-8
105-6
Bush.
64
60
59
58
58
57
50
50
50
Lbs.
46
17
43
29
Mansfield
25
Invincible
Sidney
21
Canadian Thorpe
EXPERIMENTS WITH PEASE.
Thirty varieties of field pe?se were sown on one-twentieth acre plots, on May 2 on
corn land ploughed in fall of 1904. Two bushels of small, 2^ bushels of medium and 3
bushels of large pease were sown to the acre. Soil, clay loam.
All sorts made a fine growth of straw, were weU podded and ripened early.
16—24
370
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
Pease — Test of Varieties.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 190S
Name of Variety.
liKent
2j Paragon
3 Chancellor
4'Golclen Vine
5i Mackay
GjPride
TiGregory
8 Aprnes
9:lAike
lOjEnglish Grey
lliVictoria
12,Carleton
ISlWhite Wonder
14;Nelson
IS'Dan O'Rourke
l(;|Black Eye Marrowfat
17 j Prince Albert
18|Archer
10 Macoun
20'Picton
21 Early Britain
22 CrowTi
23, Prussian ]51uo
21 Pearl
25! White Marrowfat. . . .
26 Mummy
27|Prince
28 Wisconsin Blue
2!)' Arthur
30 German White
Date of
Ripening.
Aug. 28.
,, .31
„ 20.
Sept.. 1.
1.
1.
Aug. 31.
„ 30.
„ 31.
„ 31 .
^ M 30.
Sei)t. 1 .
Aug. 20.
M 29.
M 31.
Sept. 1.
Aug. 31.
2.
,. 30.
„ 28.
M 81.
n 30.
M 30
1.
2.
„ 30.
20.
2.
, 28
, 30.
o^
^
118
121
119
122
122
122
121
120
121
121
120
122
119
119
121
122
121
123
120
118
121
120
120
122
123
120
119
123
118
120
In.
67
58
79
68
55
70
67
85
60
74
61
62
65
52
68
56
73
70
68
65
73
56
70
75
60
6)
57
75
60
In.
Size of Pea.
2(
Medium
3
„
3
Small . .
2*
ti . .
3
Large .
2
Small . .
3
.Mi-dium
3
Large . .
3
Medium
H
Large . .
H
Medium
3
„
o
Large .
3
Medium
2
Small . .
3
r,arge .
25
Small .
2j
Medium
H
„
2i
,,
^
Small . .
2i
11 . .
3
Medium
2|
^^
3
Large
3
Small . .
3
11
2f
„
2i
Large . .
3
Medium
Yield
per Acre.
70 ..
69 40
69 20
r.l AO
65 40
61 40
62 ..
61 40
59 40
58 20
58 ..
58 ..
57 40
57 40
57 ..
57 ..
56 40
56 20
56 20
56 ..
55 40
54 20
.53 ..
52 ..
51 ..
51 ..
48 40
47 40
45 40
42 40
-f.;^
Lbs.
63^
65
65
64
65
64
64
63
64
62^
64
64
65
64i
GrA
61'
6-)
64
eii
61*
6-'i
61i
04i
63|
65
65
'>4
65
64i
64|
GARDEN PEASE.
A te-t was made with £07.irg g:.rden perse with grain drill alongside of tl:e field
varieties. The returns received were quite .satisfactory, and show that a profitable crop
c:.n be grown. Plots were one-twentieth acre each.
Pease — Test of Varieties.
Number.
Variety.
Yield per Acre.
Alaska
Shropshire Hero.
Premium Gem . .
Horsford's Market Garden
Stratngem
Laxton's Charmer
Champion of J]ngland . . . .
American Wonder
Bush. Lbs.
50
49
45
44
43
43
40
39
20
10
20
40
40
20
Weight
per mea&ured
BuslieL
REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACEAY
371
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
FIELD LOTS OF PEASE.
Five varieties of pease were sown on May 3 and 4 in large plots — from 2 J acres to
one-sixth acr?. The soil was clay loam. They were pulled by a pea harvester attached
to an ordinary mower, and were threshed by threshing machine, with entire concave
removed. A considerable proportion were split in the operation.
Pease — Field Lots.
Size
Date
of
Ripen-
ing.
Character
0
1
Size
Yield
Weight
!n
Name of Varietj-.
of
S D
of
^
of
per
per
6
•
Plot.
Growth.
if
Pea.
Acre.
Bushel.
^
;2;
^^
^^
Acres.
In.
In.
Bush. Lbs.
Lbs.
1
Dan. O'Rourke
h
Aug. 28
116
Strong . . .
62
n
Medium. .
53 24
65
?.
White Wonder
ft
,> 28
116
ir
80
3
Large . . .
49 50
64
.S
Golden Vine
h
,- 29
118
"
63
2i
Small ....
49 ..
6.5:^
4
Arthur
2h
„ 24
113
M
61
2h
Large
47 50
65
5
German White
k
- 29
117
"
65
2*
Medium. .
35 33
03
EOTATION CROPS.
The rotation tests comnvenced in 1899 were continued this year. Several of the
half acres of grain on fallowed land were rusted. The soil was a clay loam.
Below is given a list of the plots with the different rotations of crops grown on
the.n:—
No.
1809 and 1902.
1900 and 1903.
1901 and 1904.
1905.
1
Wlieat
Oats
Wheat
Soja Beans
Wheat.
o
Pease
Tares
Red Clover
3
4
Oats
Wheat
Barlev
Wheat
"
5
Alsike and Alfalfa
Wheat
Oats
1,
6
Pease.
7
8
Tiires
Soja Beans
Re-,1 Clover
Alsikeand Alfalfa
Ra:)e
Whe;it
Tares.
Soja Beans.
Red Clover.
Alsike and Alfalfa.
Timothy.
Wheat.
••
9
10
11
Wheat
Barley
Summer fallow
12
13
14
Oat's .'.'.".'.'.'.'..'.'.'.'..'.'.'.
Barlev
Wheat
Barl<»y
Soja i3eans
Pease
Oats.. '.' '.".'.'.'.....
Wheat...... .'.'.
15
16
17
18
"
0:i"s.. '..'.'.'.'.. ".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
Wh. at
Oats
Wheat
Barley
T!ve
11
Oats.
Wheat.
19
Tares
Oats.
10
,,
Wheat.
21
22
Als^vC and Alfalfa ... .
Suninicr fallow
M '.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'..'.".
Barley.
Common Emmf r.
Rotation test. — Results obtained in 1905. Plots J acre each. Soil, clay loam.
16— 24i
372
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Grain — Rotation Test.
Name of Variety.
Wheat, Red Fife.
Pease
Tares
Soja Beans
Red Clover
Alsike and Lucerne
Timothy
Wheat, Red Fife
Oats, Banner.. .
Wheat, Red Fife
Oats, Bannei .
Wheat, Red Fife,
Barley, Mensury
Common Emmer
Date
of
Sowing.
April.
May
April 5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
M 26.
May
26.
5.
2.
2.
S^ti
Date
of
"Si
Ripening.
dS
^
Aug. 27..
144
„ 27..
141
„ 27..
144
- 27..
144
„ 27..
144
Aug. 27.
„ 27.
M 27.
„ 27.
M 27.
„ 22.
„ 26.
„ 22.
., 2(3.
9.
M 26.
Length
of
Straw.
144
144
144
141
144
118
143
118
143
99
116
Character
of
Straw.
In.
52
56
54
51
51
Ploughed under.
Medium
Strong .
52
53
52
51
49
48
47
50
50
48
48
Medium
Strong
In.
Kind
of
Head.
4 Bald.
4
4
Yield
per
Acre.
4 Bald.
3f
4
4
^*
9 I Branching
3 Bald ....
9 'Branching
3 jBald . . .
3^ 6-rowed . .
3 I Bearded. .
^ \^
33 20
27 48
31 24
28 32
28 54
34 10
38 52
32 54
32 46
18 24
42 12
18 26
52 18
23 28
43 28
1866
EXPERIMENT WITH FALL RYE.
One-quarter acre of fallowed land was sown with fall rye on September 10, 1904.
Ripe August 3. Straw was medium strength, 77 inches long. Length of head, 4i
inches. Yield per acre, 40 bushels ; weight per bushel, 58^ lbs. It gave a large crop of
straw as well as of grain, and is well worth growing for early fodder or for grain.
EXPERIMENT WITH SPRING RYE.
Sown on one-twentieth acre plot of fallowed land, April 8. Ripe August 12 ; time
to mature, 126 days. Straw medium; 60 inches long; weight of straw per acre, 3,000
lbs. Length of head, 31 inches. Yield per acre, 53 bushels, 32 lbs. Weight per mea
sured bushel, 59 lbs. Straw was light in comparison with the winter variety, though
the yield of grain was heavier.
EXPERIMENT WITH TARES.
Sown on one-twentieth acre plot of fallowed land. May 2. Ripe September 5 ; time
to mature, 126 days. Length of straw, 50 inches; pod, 2 inches; weight of straw per
acre, 3,800 lbs. Yield per acre, 59 bushels, 15 lbs., weighing 64i lbs. per measured
bushel.
REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY 373
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
EXPEKIMEJ^T WITH CANAKY GEASS.
(Phalaris canariensis).
One-twentieth acre of fallowed land was sown with Canary Grass seed on May 2.
Ripe August 28; time to mature, 118 days. Straw strong; length, 44 inches; heads, IJ
inches long. Weight of straw per acre, 2,340 lbs. Yield per acre, 20 bushels, 40 lbs.
Standard weight of bushel, 48 lbs. Weight per measured bushel, 58 lbs.
EXPERIMENT WITH SOJA BEANS.
Sown May 17, in rows 28 inches apart, on one-twentieth acre plot of fallowed land.
They were in flower when killed by frost on October 1. Yield per acre of dry fodder,
2 tons, 4C0 lbs. Cut, Oetol er 9.
EXPERIMENT WITH HORSE BEANS.
Sown May 17, in rows 28 inches apart, on one-twentieth acre plots of fallowed
lan;l. Height when cut on October 9, 48 inches. Weight of dry fodder per acre, 3|
tons.
EXPERIMENT WITH MILLETS.
Five varieties were sown on May 16 and 17 on one-fortieth acre plots of fallowed
land. Three varieties germinated very poorly and were ploughed up. The other two
plots were cut on September 12, partially ripe.
Variety.
Date
Sown.
Height
when Cut.
Yield per
Acre
Dry Fodder.
Moha Hungfarian . . .
May 17
.. 17
., 16
u 16
M 16
Inches.
3S
36
Plowed up.
Tons. Lbs.
3 92
2 1,238
Moha Green Galifornian
Cat Tail ;
White Round French
Italian
EXPERIMENTS WITH ELAX.
Five varieties of flax were sown on one-fortieth acre plots of land, which had pro-
duced a com crop the previous year. Sown May 16, by grain drill, at the rate of 40
lbs. per acre.
Common flax was sown on the same date at the rate of 20, 30, 40 and 50 lbs. seed
per acre, one-twentieth acre of each being put in. Sown on corn land, same as the
preceding test.
Common flax was sown on fallowed land on May 15, on a plot 1^ acres in extent
Details of these tcits are given below. The soil in all cases was a clay loam.
374
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
Flax — Test of Sowing Different Quantities of Seed Peu Acre.
Quantity of Seed
per Acre.
o
N
Date
of
Sowing.
Date
of
Ripening.
0
i
g°
Character
of
Straw.
i
Yield
per
Acre.
20 lbs
30 ,,
40 M
50 ,.
Ac.
May IG..
.. 16..
n 16..
,. 16..
Aug. 17..
M 17..
,- 17..
- 17..
93
93
93
93
In.
32
33
34
30
Strong . . .
Lbs.
l,.50O
2,080
1,840
2,260
Bush. Lbs.
14 16
20 40
18 32
21 44
Lbs.
Fl.vx — Test of Varieties.
Yellow Seeded
Riga
Common
White Flowering. .
Improved Russian
Common FJax . . . .
li
May 16..
Aug. 20..
96
30
Strong . . .
2,500
>, 16..
M 17..
93
33
1,840
„ 16..
M 17..
93
35
2,000
., 16..
M 20..
96
26
1,780
" 16..
M 17..
93
32
1,720
M 15..
.. 17..
94
30
24
22
17
16
15
13
54i
54i
54ft
HAY CEOP.
While a good yield of hay was obtained from Brome and Western Eye grass the
past teasan, it was not so heavy as in former years, from the fact that all the fields
have been in hay for several years. The various sorts of Alfalfa came through the
winter quite safely, and gave good yields. Eed clover was half killed, the balance being
left to ripen and cut for seed. Considerable Alfalfa was also cut for seed.
Meadow Fescue, sown in 1904, gave a fair retuj-n.
Kentucky Blue grass, and Orchard gra=s (two-thirds of which was a mixture of
other sorts), gave good crops.
Alsike sown in lOOi, did not stand the winter.
From the past season's tests, favourable hopes are entertained that many varieties
of grasses that were all failures in the early years of the farm may yet prove success-
ful in the future.
In May last, the Agricultural Department at Washington sent to this farm alfalfa
seed for sowing, which had been obtained from the following places : Utah, Northern
Montana, Southern Montana, Peru, Nebraska, New York, Turkestan, Minnesota
(Grimm), and some first quality commerical seed. These were all sown in plots vary-
ing in size according to quantity of seed of each sort received. They all germinated,
and made a vigorous growth during the season.
Seed of Eed clover and Alfalfa, both inoculated and untreated, were sent up from
the Central Expcrimenal Farm, Ottawa, for trial. These made a vigorous growth,
and except going over them with a mower, they were not cut. The inoculated alfalfa
showed a somewhat stronger gTowth than the untreated seed, but the two clover plots
were almost equally good.
REPORT OF MR. A^^GUS MACKAl
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
YIELDS OF HAY PER ACRE.
Bro:me Grass — (Bromus inermis).
375
Size
of
Plot.
Acres.
h
Sown 1899, renewed by ploughing shallow, 1901.
„ ICOJ
M 1901
„ 1899
„ 1900
Yield
per
Acre.
Tons. Lbs .
1 1,500
1,440
1 1,110
1.7G2
.. 1,430
Western Rye Grass — (Agropyrum tenerum).
Sown 1902
M 1901
M 1904.
1 632
2 1,000
3
Small Plots of Clover axd Grasses.
Common Alfalfa
Turkestan Alfalfa
Utah Alfalfa
Meadow Fescue
Timothy
Orchard Grass
Kentucky Blue Grass .
Sown.
Yield pee Acre.
1st Cutting. 2nd Cutting,
1904..
1904..
1904..
1904..
1902..
1904..
1904..
Tons. Lbs.
222
1,480
1,0C0
1,000
940
700
555
Tons. Lbs .
900
1,3G0
080
EXPERIMENTS WITH INDIAN CORN.
Twenty-two varieties were sown on May 19, on clay loam in drills 36 inches apart,
end a'sa in hills 3 feet apart each way. Three varieties were also sown in drills at
four different distances apart.
The land was fallowed the previous year, but not manured.
The corn was cut on September 8, the yield p3r acre of green fodder being calcu-
lated from the weight of two rows, each 66 feet long. All the varieties made a strong
grov.'th.
After wilting slightly, the corn was cut up and put in silo. In addition to the
uniform tests, five acres were sown with corn for ensilage.
376
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Indian Corn — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
Eureka
Superior Fodder
Pride of the North
Red Cob Ensilage
Selected Learning
Thoroughbred White Flint .
Compton's Early
Salzer's All Gold
Northern Dent
North Dakota White
White Cap Yellow Dent . .
Mammoth Cuban
Champion White Pearl ....
Giant Prolific Ensilage ....
Longfellow
Angel of Midnight
King Philip
Early Mastodon
Evergieen Sugar
Early Butler
Cloud's Early Yellow
22 Compton's Early.
In.
92
84
90
90
86
67
80
84
90
60
90
90
92
83
78
80
80
84
80
90
85
80
Condition
when cut.
Tasselled
Not tasselled
In silk
Not tasselled.
Tasselled..
Not tasselled
In silk
Not tasselled.
Tasselled.. .
In silk
Tasselled.. . .
In silk
Tasselled
In silk
Early milk.. .
In silk
Early milk . . .
Tasselled.. . .
Early milk. . .
Weight per
, acre
grown in
rows.
Weight per
acre
grown in
hills.
Tons. Lbs. Tons. Lbs.
19
19
19
18
IS
17
17
10
16
15
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
12
11
11
11
1,600
1,600
500
850
300
650
6.50
1,550
450
1,350
600
600
50
50
1,500
950
400
400
1,850
1,100
15 1,900
12 750
16 1,000
550
750
600
1.50
15 1,350
12 1,300
11 1,100
200
350
12 1,300
11 1,650
200
50
13 1,.500
11 1,650
10 900
12 1,300
12 1,300
11 1,650
11
12
14
9
12
10
12
14
Test of Seeding at Different Dist.\nces.
Sown in rows by grain seeder May 19; cut September 9; all made strong growth.
Cultivation of land same as for preceding test.
Name of Variety.
Longfellow
Selected Learning
Champion White Pearl.
Distance
between
rows.
Height.
80
78
80
82
92
90
90
88
94
96
96
100
Weight per
acre
grown in
rows.
Inches. Tons. Lbs.
21
17
15
13
18
15
15
13
13
14
13
13
1,378
1,425
1,696
1,818
1,720
465
564
875
604
340
1,108
404
ROOT CROPS.
The root crops this year of all sorts have Bever been surpassed since the Farm was
started, yield and quality being considered. Turnips, mangels, carrots and sugar beets
were ail extra good.
All root seeds, including carrots, were sown with ordinary grain hoe-drill, which
proved satisfactory, saving considerable labour in making drills. The yields were com-
puted from the weight of two rows, 66 feet long and 30 inches apart.
1
REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKA7
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
EXPERIMENTS WITH TURNIPS.
377
Twenty varieties were sown, the soil was a clay loam; tlie first sowing was on
May 17, and the second sowing on the 26th. They were all pulled on October 23.
TuRxiPS — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
Halewood's Bronze Top.
Carter's Elephant
Sutton's Champion. ...
Hall's Westbury,
Good Luck
Perfection
Skirving's
Emperor
Bangholm Selected
Magnum Bonum
Imperial
Kangaroo
Jumbo
Selected Purple Top
ISlXew Century
IG East Lothian
IZlElephant's Master
ISiDrummond Purple Top. .
19 {Hartley's Bronze
20 Mammoth Clyde
Yield per Acre.
1st Plot.
Tons
Lbs.
38
1,484
34
1,168
33
1,980
32
1,868
31
1,228
31
436
30
1,776
30
720
29
1,664
29
1,400
28
1,288
27
1,836
2«
1,196
25
1,876
25
820
23
860
22
1,804
22
748
21
1,956
21
240
Bush. Lbs.
1,291
1,152
1,133
1,097
1,053
1,040
1,029
1,012
994
990
954
930
886
864
847
781
763
745
732
704
24
48
36
2nd Plot.
?ons
. Lbs.
24
1,368
23
728
24
34
1,764
376
30
324
36
204
28
28
1,420
628
33
792
20
128
29
26
1,400
668
27
25
1,8.SG
1,480
29
22
1,400
616
28
1,816
24
840
29
476
27
1,044
Bush. Lbs.
822
778
829
1,139
1,005
1,203
957
943
1,113
668
990
877
930
858
990
743
963
814
974
917
48
48
24
36
24
24
48
12
48
48
36
3G
36
36
24
Mangels — Test of Varieties.
Sixteen varieties were sown on clay loam. The first sowing was on May 13, and
the second on May 26, and both were taken up October 9.
Name of Variety.
Prizewinner Yellow Globe
Triumph Yellow Globe
Yellow Globe Selected
Mammoth Yellow Intermediate
Giant Yellow Intermediate
Half Sugar White
Yellow Intermediate
Lion Yellow Intermediate
Giant Sugar
Giaiit Yellow Globe
Prize Mammoth Long Red
Mammoth Long Red
Half Sugar Rosy
Selected Mammoth Long Red . .
Leviathan Long Red
Gate Post
Yield
per Acre.
1st Plot.
Tons. Lbs.
40
37
34
34
34
33
33
33
32
31
29
28
28
27
26
25
124
1,240
1,960
1,828
244
1.980
1,452
396
284
964
1,004
1,156
G2S
120
404
1,348
Yield
per Acre.
1st Plot.
Yield
per Acre.
2nd Plot.
Bush. Lbs. Tons
Lbs.
1,.3.35
24
25
28
1,254
29
476
1,16G
29
80
1,163
48
24
312
1,137
24
27
1,704
1,133
29
1,796
1,124
12
25
556
1,106
36
28
1,420
1,071
24
27
252
1,049
24
30
1,G44
983
24
23
596
952
36
29
608
943
48
23
992
902
22
1,936
873
24
23
1,916
855
48
22
220
Yield
per Acre.
2nd Plot,
Bush. Lbs.
833
974
968
805
928
996
842
957
904
1,027
776
976
783
765
798
737
48
36
12
24
36
36
12
24
36
48
12
36
36
378
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD V!l., A. 1905
Carrots — Test of Varieties.
Eleven varieties v^ere sown on clay loam on April 19; and were pulled on Octo-
ber 23.
Name of Variety .
Yield
per Acre.
Yield
per Acre.
Ontario Champion
New Wiiite Intermediate
Giant White Vosges
Carter's Orange Giant
White Belgian
Early Gem
Mammoth White Intermediate.
Kos Kirsche
Improved Short White
Half Long Chantenay
Long Yellow Stump-rooted
Tons . Lbs.
Bush. Lbs.
25
24
21
20
18
17
17
16
16
13
10
1,744
1,368
1,296
1,448
36
1,904
584
1,792
1,264
1,984
1,648
862
822
721
690
600
598
57(;
563
554
466
360
24
48
36
48
36
24
24
12
24
24
48
Sugar Beets — Test of Varieties.
Eight varieties of sugar teets were sown on clay loarn. The first sowing was made
on May 13, the second on May 26 and both lots were taken up on October 21.
Name of Variety.
Red Top Sugar
Royal Giant
Danish Improved . . . .
Improved Imperial..
Vilmorin's Improved .
Waiizleben
French Very Rich . . .
Danish Red Top . . .
Yield
per Acre.
1st Plot.
Tons. Lbs.
27
27
22
19
16
15
15
12
384
252
616
1,600
1,396
1,416
888
1,872
Yield
per Acre.
1st Plot.
Bush. Lbs.
906
904
743
660
556
523
514
431
Yield
per Acre.
2nd Plot.
Tons. Lbs.
21 1,296
23 1,368
18 564
22 880
16 228
13 928
15 1,812
24 840
Yield
per Acre.
2nd Plot.
Bush. Lbs.
721
800
609
748
503
448
530
814
36
48
24
•is
48
12
EXPEEIMENTS WITH POTATOES.
Eorty-one varieties were under test at Indian Head in 1905. The soil w. s a clay
loam summer -fallowed. The potatoes were planted on May 13, the sets being dropped
in drills 30 inches apart. They were dug on October 3. There was no rot in any
of the varieties; the yield and quality were excellent, and nearly all the tubers were
marketable. While as large yields of potatoes have been grown in former years, the
quality was not equal to those of this year's growth. The yield per acre has been
obtained by weighing the potatoes from one row 132 feet long.
REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Potatoes — Test of Varieties.
379
Name of Variety.
Average
Size.
.Seedling: No. 7 Large
! Vermont Gold Coin Medium . .
Rochester Rose Largre
Reeve's Rose Medium..
Carman No. 3 Large. ...
Late Puritan Medium . .
American Giant Large
LTncle Sam '< . . ■ ■
Sabean's Elephant <
Pearly St. George Medium. .
Morgan's Seedling Large
Burnaby Mammoth "
Maule's Thoro'bred . . . . Medium . .
Dreer's Standard "
Rose No. 9 'Large
Vick's Extra Early Medium . ,
Cambridge Russet jLarge
Country Gentleman "
Karly Envoy "
American Wonder Medium. .
Penn Manor Large
Money Maker. .. , ! m
Delaware jMedium .
Empire State Large
[. X. L Medium
Carman No. 1 | "
Everett Large
State of Maine t
Pearce " .-••
Early White Prize •^mall
Ilolborn Abundance Large . . . .
Early Andes . iSmall
Enormous jljarge.
Early Elkinah
Bovee
Dooley
Canadian Beauty.
Pingree
Irish Cobbler
Swiss Snowflake . .
Early Rose
Small
Medium .
Large . . .
Medium .
Large . . .
Total Yield
per Acre.
Bush. Lbs.
640
625
501
530
525
519
511
508
491
491
4S0
484
484
475
473
4G2
460
458
458
458
453
451
449
447
442
442
434
418
398
394
392
392
379
365
359
354
348
337
337
335
308
Form and
Colour.
Oval, red.
Oval, white.
Long, red.
Oval, red.
Oval, white.
Oval, white.
Long, white.
Oval, white.
Long, white.
Long, red.
Oval, red.
Long, red.
Oval, pink.
Oval, white.
Long, red.
Oval, pink.
Long, russet.
Oval, red.
Oval, pink.
Long, wjiite.
Long, red.
Oval, white.
Oval, white.
Oval, v/hitc.
Long, pink.
Oval, white.
Long, pink.
Oval, white.
Long, pink.
Oval, v.'hite.
Oval, white.
RouTid, pink.
Long, white.
48 [Round, red.
Oval, pink.
Round, white.
Oval, pink.
Oval, white.
12 jRound, white.
. . lOval, white.
36 I Oval, red.
SUMMAEY OF CEOPS, 1905.
Bushels.
V/hrnt:
10 varieties, 44 acres 1,7G2
12 half acres, rotation test 174
40 uniform test plots 78
2,014
Outs :
12 varieties, 54 acres. 5,070
2 half acres, rotation test 47
41 uniform test plots 206
5,323
SCO EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Barley:
9 varieties, 35 acres 2,217
1 half acre, rotation test 22
34 uniform test plots 102
2,341
Pease :
5 varieties, 4 acres 193
38 uniform test plots . 117
310
Flax 20
Rye ^. . 13
Tons. Lbs.
Emmer and Spelt . . 4,302
Corn, ensilage 70
Hay:
Bronie grass 31
Eye grass 10
Sundry grasses 1 800
Alfalfa 2 1,200
Hay cut in coulees 25
70
Bushels.
Roots 5,000
Potatoes 145
VEGETABLE GARDEN.
The tests made the past year with vegetables were on the vphole very satisfactory.
Onions, carrots, beets and cabbage were sown or planted in duplicate plots. The
one had vegetables the previous year, and was manured and ploughed after the vege-
tables were taken up. The second plot was fallowed in 1904. As will be observed, the
vegetables on the fallowed plot gave the largest return.
Asparagus.
There was a good crop from the old beds of asparagvis; in use May 14 to July 13.
The varieties grown are Barr's Mammoth, Barr's Elmira and Conover's Colossal.
REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Beans — Sown May 14 and 20.
S81
Variety.
Currie's Rust-proof Aug.
Challenge Black
Early Six Weeks July
Sown Mat 14.
In use. Ripe.
Fame of Vitry
Extra Early
Haricot
Emperor of Russia.
Golden Skiiiless . .
Black Speckled. . . .
Dwarf Kidney ....
Aug.
July
Aug.
July
Sept. 7
7
Aug. 30
Did not ripen.
Aug. 30
Sept. 7
7
7
20
7
Sown May 20.
In use. Rijie.
Aug.
14
14
7
14
7
14
16
16
18
14
Sept. 24
24
24
Did not ripen .
Sept. 24
24
Did not ripen.
Sept. 24
Did not ripen ,
Sept. 24
Remaeks.
»3
Wax..
Green
Wax..
Green
Wax..
In.
4-5
4 5
5-6
6-7i
4-5
4-5
5-Gh
3-4"
4-6
4-5
Broccoli.
Sown in hot-house March 31 ; set out May 17. Crop was a failure.
Beets.
Sown in garden May 10, and on fallow May 16 ; in use July 19 ; pulled October 10.
When thinning the rows on June 24, a number were transplanted. Thej,e beets were
larger and rougher than those left where they were sown.
Variety.
Long Red Blood . . .
Egyptian
Turnip Blood Red .
Nutting's Improved
Yield per Acre.
First
Seeding.
Bush.
690
610
732
732
Trans-
planted.
Bush.
500
750
715
520
Second
Seeding.
Bush.
429
298
480
242
Trans-
planted.
Bush.
710
824
880
806
Remarks.
Fairly smooth.
Smooth.
Seed badly mixed.
Brussels Sprouts.
Sown in hot-house March 31 ; set out May 18 ; in use September 1. Covered with
sprouts of good quality.
Carrots.
Variety.
Early Gem
Long Blood Red
Ohantenay
French Horn . . .
Half Long Luc .
In use.
Aug.
4
6
July 29
12
29
Yield per Acre.
Sown
in Garden
A pi. 30.
Bu.sh.
520
533
497
605
701
Sown
on Fallow
May 6.
Bush.
829
630
533
666
713
Remarks.
Good quality.
Good quality.
Very good.
Good early carrot.
Good.
The carrots were pulled on October 10.
382
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDV/ARD Vli., A. 1905
Cauliflower.
Sown in hot-iiouse March 31; set out May 18; second seeding April 11; set out
May 27.
Variety.
First Sowing i>f
Garden.
In use.
Snowball July 7
Earliest Dwarf Erfurt ... « H
Half Early Paris ■ IS
Average
Weight.
Second Sowing on
Fallow .
Lbs.
5
5
6
In use.
July
20
20
22
Average
Weight.
Lbs.
G
6^
Remarks.
Best quality.
Good.
Guo'i.
Cabb.\ge.
Sown in hot-house March 31 ; set out in garden May 18. Second sowing April 11
set out on fallow May 27.
Variety.
1st Seeding.
2nd Seeding.
Remark.?,
In Use.
Average
Weight.
Lbs.
5
I
5
G
9
n
7
In L'^se.
Average
Vv^eight.
Julvl4
,." 17
M 17
„ 24. ..
M 24
,. 24
,. 24
„ 20
Aug. G ..
G...
., 10...
.. 14...
,. 14...
M 14...
,. 14 ..
M 12 .
Lbs.
G
9
7
5
G
9
; 10
1 8
Good quality.
Extra Early Express
Early Midsummer Savoy
Poor, soft lu"ar:.=.
Good, solid he .d
Fottler's Drumhead
Large Flat Drumhead
Green Globe Savoy
Good heads.
i
Variety.
20.
28.
28.
Garden Corn.
Red Squaw, sown May 20.
White Squaw m 20.
Peep o' Day
Red Squaw
White Squaw
Peep o' Day
Cross (Squaw and Fordhook Ey.),
sown May 28. . .
Thomdike, sown May 31 .
Tassel.
July
3.
3
17
12.
12.
21.
2G.
22.
In Silk.
July 17.
„ 17.
M 30.
„ 22.
„ 22.
1.
Aus
Green
In Use.
Aug. 10..
M 10..
„ 20..
>, l^ .
.. 15..
„ 2.5..
M 31..
„ 2G..
Ripe.
Sept. 7..
7 .
14..
8..
8..
IG..
24 .
Remarks.
Small cobs.
Good.
Poor cobs ; grown too
near hedge.
Cobs good size and qual-
ity. Cut Sept. 14, but
not quite ripe.
REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACE AY S83
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Celery,
Five varieties were tested : White Plume, Paris Golden Yellow, Rose-ribbed Paris,
Eed Large-ribbed and Giant Pascal. Sown in hot-house April 2; transplanted May 4;
set out June 7; "White Plume in use August 20, the other varieties September 1. The
celery did not grow very large, but was of good quality.
Cucumbers.
Sown April 20 in hot-house; set out May 23.
Average
length.
Remarks.
Exrlv White Spine, in use from Aug. 11, until Sept. 25
C'lnibcriand .. .. 20 „ „ 25 , ;
Long Green >, „ 21 ,. „ 25
6 in.
1:;
Good crop.
The young plants were frozen back on June 24, and took 3 weeks to recover.
Citrons.
Eed Seeded citron was sown in hot-house April 20; set out May 23; killed by
frost June 24. Also sown in open June 24 ; a little fruit ripened September 30, averag-
ing only 3 inches in diameter.
Lettuce.
Varietv.
1st Sowing.
All the year round A pril 20
Red Ed^ed Victoria
Brown Stonehead
Neapolitan
Trocadero
Tom Thumb
Cos, Trianon
Cos, Green Paris
20..
20..
20..
20..
20..
20..
20..
In Use.
June 5..
May
June
Remarks.
Fair.
Very good.
Best of all.
Fair.
Small, solid heads.
Solid, coarse.
Second seeding May 13; in use June 24. Third seeding June 10; in use July 18.
Fourth seeding July 14; in use September 1. Fifth seeding July 29; in use Sep-
tember 24.
Melons.
Musk melon — Hamilton Market and New Garden Lemon, and Water melon —
Phinney's Early were sown in hot-house April 20; set out May 23; injured by frost,
June 24.
They were also sown in open on June 2. Hamilton Market ripened three melons
of fair quality on September 16; the other sorts did not mature.
381
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Oxioxs.
Sown in open, April 30; pulled September 22.
Variety.
Size.
Yield
per Acre.
Remarks.
Large Red Wethersfield
Large
Medium
Small...!;;;
Bushels.
266
254
157
145
90
Firm, good quality.
Rough, good for summer use.
Market Favorite
Fair quality.
Grood.
Did not mature i^roperly.
Sown in open, May 6; pulled September 22.
Yellow Globe Danvers . . .
Trebon's Large Yellow.. .
Silverskin
Large Red Wethersfield .
Market Favorite
These would have yielded bet-
ter, but high wind covered
seed too deeply with drifting
soil.
Sown in hot-house, April 2; set out ITay 6; pulled September 22. Mixed seed.
Mixed seed
Veiy large. . 205 Very fine quality.
Parsxips.
Sown May 10; in use September 10.
Manitoba Prize Intermediate, 774 bushels per acre; solid, good quality. Hollow
Crown, 484 bushels per acre ; fair quality.
Parsley.
Moss Curled and Triple Curled, sown May 17 ; in use July 19. Made a fine growth.
Peppers.
Large Red Pepper. Sown in hot-house April 1; set out June 3. Pods about 4
inches long, but did not ripen.
PuilPKIXS.
Large Yellow Field Pumpkin, sown in hot-house April 20; set out May 23; first
ripe September 12. A good crop of fair sized pumpkins.
REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACEAY
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Garden Pease.
So^vn May 5 and j\Iay 16. Each lot did well.
385
Name.
Size. In use.
Ripe.
Remarks.
Admiral
Alaska
Small
July 26
.. 14
Aug. 2
2
11 2
July 14!!!!!!!!
Aug. 2
July 12
1, 20
Aug. 6
6
6
8
July 21
.. 31
.. 17
M 14
Aug. 8
July 30
M 21
Aug. 6
Aug. 22
.. 18
M 24
1. 28
Sept. 2
Aug. 16
„ 26
>. 16
.. 24
„ 28
Sept. 1
Aug. 28
Sept. 1
Aug. 18
Sept. 1
Aug. 16
.. 16
.. 30
M 28
,. 21
Sept. 1
American Wonder
Anticipation
Burpee's Profusion
Extra Early
Everbearing
First of All
First and Best
Medium
Large
Medium
Best medium.
Very good.
Good early pea.
1,
Champion of England
Harrison's Glory
Horsford's Market Garden
Laxton's Charmer
Nott's Excelsior
Premium Gem
Rural New Yorker
Surprise
Stratagem
Shropshire Hero
Wra. Hurst
Yorkshire Hero
Small
Medium
Good quality.
Best early pea.
Best all round pea.
Poor crop.
One of the earliest.
Very large
Medium
Small
Medium
Extra good.
Eadish.
Five sowings of radishes were made, on April 30, ^lay 9, !May 28, June 24 and
July 29. The first seeding grew too slowly, and the radishes were hot and stringy. The
last seeding was too late. Following are results from other three seedings : —
Variety.
2nd Seeding.
In use.
3rd Seeding.
lu use.
4th Seeding.
In use.
Remarks.
Early Turnip Scarlet
Deep Scarlet
June 12 .. .
„ 12
- 14
.. 14
M 12
June 28
*
July 21
M 23... .
M 23
u 23
„ 23
Good quality.
Fair quality.
Olive Scarlet
«
Very tender and crisp.
Olive White-tipped
June 30
*
Early Scarlet White-tipped
Good.
*Not sown at third seeding.
Winter Eadish.
Sown Jvily 10 and 29 ; pulled October 20. Second sowing too late, and did not
come to much.
Black S]^anish, very large, but of poor quality.
Scarlet China, large and of good quality.
Sage.
Sown Hay 17 ; in use July 15 ; pulled September 12 ; very good.
Savory.
Sown May 17; in use July 15; pulled October 20; fair.
16—25
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
Spixach.
Bloomsdale and Victoria, sown May 17 ; in use July 12 ; quality good.
Tobacco.
Six varieties were sown in hot-house, April 3; transplanted to garden, June 3.
Name.
In Bloom.
First fit to
pull.
Connecticut
Small Red Canadian
Cannelle
White Burley
Primus
Zimmer's Special. . . .
All varieties did well.
Tomatoes.
Sown in hot-house, April 3; set out May 28 in three plots: ' 1 ' on fallow; '2'
in a garden plot, and ' 3 ' in garden rather too close to a tall hedge, which caused a
great reduction in the yield, though on the north of the plants. The plants were put
out three feet apart, the rows also were three feet apart. All tomatoes which had not
ripened by September 15 were pulled on that date for use in pickling.
Variety.
First Ripe.
Number of
Plants.
Yield.
Colour and Quality.
Plot 1—
Earliest of All . . . t
Sept. 8
-, 11
Did not ripen . ,
Sept. 8
„ 12
20
20
17
10
10
5 bush.
3 „
i "
i "
Scarlet, go d, large, but
rather rough.
Pink, fine and smooth.
Plentiful
Plot 2—
Earliest of All
Plot 3—
Earliest of All
Plentiful
Very small.
Table Turxips.
Sown May 22; pulled October 10.
Yellow Golden Ball, in use July 14; yield per acre, 1,3G5 bush. Good, solid.
White Milan, in use July 10; yield per acre, 1,14S bush. Some hollow.
Early White Flat American, in use July 14; yield per acre, 1,087 bush. Some
hollo-u. •
Early Stone, in use July 14; yield per acre, 863 bush. Many hollow.
All were bitter in flavour.
Rhubarb.
Oil beds iu use May 20.
Tobolsk, good quality
Herb, very poor,
Victoria, good quality and growth-
REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MAC KAY
287
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Prince Albert^ poor.
Koyal Albert, good.
Salt's Perfection, good.
Prince of Wales, very good.
Eoyal Linnaeus, very good.
Magnum Bonum, very good.
Stravvberry, very good, rather small stalks.
Ear]y Crimson, very good.
Early Scarlet, very fair.
Seed of the following varieties was sown on May 6 : —
Myatt's Linnaeus. Salt's Perfection.
Fottler's Improved. Early Crimson.
Scarlet Nonpareil. Monarch.
Prince Albert. Magnum Bonum.
Victoria. Early Prince.
Royal LinniEus. Brabant's Colossal.
Strawberry.
THE ELOWER GARDEN.
The flower garden was again very good; most of the varieties grown flowered
profusely, and proved a great attraction to visitors during the summer months.
AxxuALS. — Propagated in hot-house. Sown April 1 and 3.
Variety.
Set out.
Bloom.
Remarks.
Asters, 10 varieties
May 23....
June 2 . . .
,. 12....
-. 12...
1....
1....
From
July 16 ...
M 16....
Aug. 24....
July 24...
M 18....
8....
To
Sept. 30....
,. 26....
.. 26....
M 26....
M 14....
., 26....
Some very fine blooms.
Fine.
Fair.
Fine border.
Very good.
Attractive.
Did not germinate.
Very fine.
Did not germinate.
Quantity of bloom.
Very fair show.
Very good.
Did not germinate.
Fair.
Did not germinate.
Pink blooms, very pretty.
Did not germinate.
Bloomed very freely.
Very fine and sweet.
Verj' fine indeed.
Antirrhinum majus nanum
Abronia umbellata
Ageratum, dwarf
Balsam, Camellia-flowered
Brachycome iberidifolia
Bartonia aurea
Chrysanthemum coronariuin
Clarkia
•Tune 2
July 2....
Oct. 10....
Oct. 5
M 10...
5....
Coreopsis, 3 varieties
Dianthus, 4 varieties
Gaillardia picta
Godetia splendens
May 26....
.. 25....
June 2
July 9....
9 ...
., 12...-
Helichrysum, doi-.; .e mix>-d 'June 2. . .
Iberis Gibraltarica |
Lavatera rosea splendens 'June 12. . . .
Lobelia, Crystal Palace |
July 20...,
Jia'ly ii'.'.'..
Sept. 26 ..
Oct.'h'.'.'.'.
^Marigold, Double Royal
^lignonette
Nicotiana affinis
Nasturtium
-Tune 2....
2....
3 ..
May 27 . . .
.July 20....
1....
6...
June 20....
H 21....
.July 12....
June 21 . . .
July 1 . . . .
June 15
•July 2i)....
Biennial
Oct. 10 ...
„ 10....
.. 10....
Sept. 1...
1....
„ 26 ...
bci.'io'.'.'..
„ 10.. .
.. 26...
., 12....
Poppv, 6 varieties
M 27....
Did splendidly, but sown rather
too early in hot-house.
Very fine.
Did not germinate.
Very good.
Made a grand bed.
Very fine, some double.
Very good.
Made good growth.
Did not germinate.
Some fine, but many single.
Portulaca
Phacelia
Phlox Drummondii, 4 varieties .
Petunia, 3 varieties
May 26...
..■ 26...
June 4
2....
4....
May 23.'.'.'.
June 2 . .
2 ...
Pansies, many varieties
Scabiosa, 2 varieties
Sweet William
Salpiglossis
Stocks
June 22..!.
.- 23....
July 8...
6et.""l'!!;
M 12...
II 5. . . .
Zinnia elegans.. .
16— 25J
388
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Annuals — Sown in open, May 10.
Variety.
Antirrhinum . . . .
Salpiglossis
Gaillardia
Nasturtium
Phacelia
Clarkia
Tagetes
Godetia
Poppy
Dianthus
Eschscholtzia
Bartonia aurea
Marigold . .
Maize, Striped -leaved
M Japonica gigantea.
Scabiosa
Celosia
Neniophila
Ageratum
Bloom.
From
Auc
July 20.
.. 20.
., 2G.
M 18.
Aug. S.
July 27.
Aug. 8.
July 12.
n 10.
,. 16.
Aug. 20,
„ 16.
June 12.
July 26.
To
Oct. 15.
, 10.
. 10.
Sept. 26.
,. 26.
,. 26.
Oct. 10.
Sept. 26.
Oct. 10.
1. 10.
„ 10.
Sept. 26.
Oct. 1 .
Oct. 12.
Sept. 14.
4.
„ 26.
Remarks.
Fair.
Very hand.some.
Very good.
Did well.
Small blue flower.
Very fair.
Very fine show.
II
Good show.
Did well.
Bloomed very freely.
Did well.
Pretty leaf, 5 ft. high.
II
Very fine.
Poor.
Bloomed freely.
Very pretty.
Sweet Pease. — 32 varieties, sown April 22 and 27.
Earliest of All, in bloom July 4 ; fine blooms.
Earliest Sunbeams, in bloom, July 5; cream, very pretty.
McKenzie's Selection, in bloom, July 10, fair.
Laura Belle, in bloom, July 10 ; very good, mixed.
Eckford's Hybrid, in bloom, July 12; fair, mixed.
Tom Thumb, in bloom, July 18; fine for borders.
Blushing Beauty, in bloom, July 12: delicate pink; small, free bloomer.
New Bush, in bloom, July 15, 2J feet high.
Double Flowering, in bloom, July 12; nice mixture.
Mrs. Walter Wright, in bloom, July 14; lavender, fine bloom.
King Edward VII., in bloom, July 14; scarlet, very fine.
Marchioness of Cholmondeley, in bloom, July 14; primrose, pink edge, good.
Mrs. Sydenham, in bloom, July 16; pink and flesh colour.
Orchid Flowering, in bloom, July 12; very fine, mixed.
Blanche Burpee, in bloom, July 12, pure white, rather small.
Navy Blue, in bloom, July 12, fine.
Burpee's Latest Special, in bloom, July 14, very fine indeed.
Hon. Mrs. Kenyon, in bloom, July 12 ; primrose, large free bloomer.
Dorothy Eckford, in bloom JuJy 12; pure white, grand blooms.
Othello, in bloom, July 20; very dark, shy bloomer.
Sunproof, in bloom, July 14; scarlet, very fine.
Aurora, in bloom, July 12; striped pink and white.
Burpee's Dainty, in bloom, July 12, white, pink edge, very pretty.
Florence Spencer, in bloom, July 14; pink, large and half-double.
Scarlet Gem, in bloom, July 12 ; free bloomer, sunburns badly.
Jessie Cuthbertson, in bloom, July 14; good.
Lady Grisel Hamilton, in bloom, July 12 ; very handsome.
Agnes Johnston, in bloom, July 14; cream, pink and flesh colour.
Golden Rose, in bloom, July 12; cream.
Coccinea, in bloom, July 12; peculiar red.
REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACEAY 389
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Mrs, Dugdale, in bloom, July 14; shaded pink, very pretty.
Mrs. Wilmott, in bloom, July 14; large blooms.
The best of the blooms were over by September 10.
The following varieties of flowers were sown in the open on April 20 as borders to
flower beds : —
, Variety.
Bloom.
Remarks.
Mignonette
From
June 20....
M 30....
Aug. 6....
July 20....
2 ...
June 10
July 15....
To
Oct. 13....
Aug. 16...
Oct. 10 ...
■„ 10....
1....
Aug. 1....
„ 15....
Too large variety for border.
Whitlavia
Scabicsa
Phlox
Eschscholtzia
I'oor.
Fair, rather tall.
Very good border.
Good, but rather large.
Good, but over too soon.
Candytuft
Very good border.
Sown in hot house April 1 ; set out Jirne 2 : —
Antirrhinum, Tom Thumb, in bloom from July 12, to September 26; very fine
border.
Ageratum dwarf, in bloom from July 24, to September 26; fine border.
Perennials.
All the old beds of perennial flowers made luxuriant growth the past seasoli, and
below are given some of the more noticeable ones, with time of flowering:—
Achillea, in bloom from July 1.
Clematis, in bloom from July 3, to August 10.
Centaurea macrophylla, in bloom from July 8.
Cactus, ground, in bloom from July 8, to August 4.
Columbine, in bloom from June 6 to August 1.
Campanula macrantha, in bloom from July 6 to September 1.
Delphinium, in bloom from July 15 to Avigust 20.
Everlasting Pea, in bloom from July 8 to July 30.
Hollyhock, in bloom from August 7 to September 11.
Helianthus autumnalis, in bloom from July 24.
Irises, in bloom from May 20 to July 8.
Lupins, in bloom from June 30 to August 20.
Lilium elegans (orange), in bloom from July 5 to October 10.
" Tiger lily, in bloom from July 11 to July 30.
" white varieties, in bloom from July 23 to October 10.
Lychnis, in bloom from July 1 to August 30.
Mint, in bloom from July 15.
Paeonia tenuifolia, in bloom from May 23 to June 7.
Paeonies, other varieties, in bloom from June 25 to July 23.
Spiraea filipendula, in bloom from July 12.
" ulmaria, in bloom from July 8.
Sweet William, in bloom from July 4 to September 15.
Tulips, in bloom from May 10 to June 14.
Veronica salurgoides, in bloom from July 18 to September 1.
Special mention must be made of the Pseonies, which bore an abundance of
magnificent blooms. Tulips, Irises, Cannas and Dahlias, were all extra fine. A large
390 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-5 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
number of bulbs, roots, &c., of all the above species were sent up from the Central
Experimental Farm, in the fall of 1&04, or last spring. They nearly all did very well,
and made a very fine show all the season.
A very fine collection of Lily bulbs sent also, including the following varieties : —
Lilium elegans, L. Krameri, L. concolor, L. speciosum rubrum, L. aiiratum, L. Broivnii
and L. elegans flore plena, L. gigantcum, L. longifiorum and L. mulliflorum. Nearly
all these flowered profusely, and were greatly admired.
This fall another collection of bulbs of the following sorts has been sent up from
the Central Farm, and set out in the gardens and grounds : — Tulips, single and double ;
Narcissus; Iris; Squills; Crocus; Snowdrops. There are several hundred bulbs in
all, and it is hoped they will make a fine show next year.
TEEES AND SHEUBS.
Trees and shrubs made a most vigorous growth during the past season, with the
exception of the m.aples (native). These were attacked by aphis, and in some cases
greatly injured.
Several long hedges of maple were dug up in the spring on account of doing injury
to fruit and other bushes by shading them too much from the sunlight and air. Others
will be removed next spring for the same cause.
Among the most attractive of the shrubs during the flowering period were a fine
group of Lilacs, set out in 1901, which bloomed for the first time this year. The
varieties named in the following list were covered with blossom : —
Syringa vulg. Maxime Cornu.
" " La Tour d'Auvergne.
" " de Marly.
" " Pres. Grevy. :
" " Mathieu de Dombasle.
" " Lemoinii fl. pi., (White).
" " Mdme. Casimir Perier (White).
" " Chas. Joly.
" " Francisque Morel.
" " Virginite.
" " Madame Lemoine (Wliite).
" " Eubella Plena.
" " Michael Buchner.
" " Condorcet.
" " Marie Legraye (White).
Several other varieties made good growth, but did not bloom.
Other conspicuous flowering trees and shrubs were — Prunus Maackii, Prunus
Grayana maxima, Caragana, Tartarian Honeysuckle, Llawthorn and Siberian Crab.
A large bundle of tree and shrub seedlings was sent from the Experimental Farm
Ottawa, last spring. S-ome of these were planted in the Arboretum, and the rest in a
part of the grounds where it is proposed to establish a collection of some of the most
attractive and best growing sorts. A list of the varieties is appended: —
Euonymus linearis, Eetinospora ericoides.
Viburnum lentago. Thuya occid. globosa,
Philadelphus nepaulensis, " pyramidalis,
" grandiflorum.. " Wareana lutescens,
Ceanothus americanus, Picea Englemanni,
Cornus sibirica variegata, Pinus sylvestris globosa,
Populus angustifolia, " Beauvonensis,
Japan Tree Lilac, Picea excelsa pygmaea,
REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MAC KAY Ml
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Acer dasycarpuni. Seed from Juniperus Sehottii,
Winnipeg. Pinus cembra.
Symplioricarpus (Gilbert Plains), Golden Juniper,
Syringa amurense, Juniperus sabina variegata.
Sea Buckthorn, Abies excelsa procumbens,
Pinus inops, " " pyramidalis.
THE AEBORETUM.
The trees and shrubs under observation in the Arboretum came througL the win-
ter very well, and made a good start in the spring, owing to the early season. Though
the protection afforded by snow was comparatively light, through the light snowfall,
yet, as the winter was on the whole mild, the trees did not kill back any more than
usual. During the summer, the abundant rains caused an extra strong growth in all
varieties.
The following additions were made to the Arboretum last spring, from the supply
of trees, &c., sent up from the Central Farm : —
Syringa amurense, Populus angustifolia,
Japan Tree Lilac, Viburnum opulus (Riding Mountains),
Cornus sibirica variegata, Philadelphus nepaulensis,
Symphoricarpus (Gilbert Plains), Euonymus linearis,
Viburnum lentago, Austrian Pine,
Acer dasycarpum (Seed from Red Pine,
Winnipeg), Scotch Pine.
PLANTING TREE SEEDS.
Many inquiries are made during the year as to the best way to grow tree seeds in
the Territories, where usually at the time they are sown, the soil is very dry. For sev-
eral seasons, little or no trouble has been experienced from this cause on the Experi-
mental Farm, while in some districts the weather has been very dry.
Maple seeds can be sown late in October, or early in May. It is not safe to sow
all the supply of mapile seed in the fall, as very often germination takes place too early
in the spring, and frost kills the entire crop.
Ash seed should be sown in October. Elm seed should be sown as soon as gathered
in June, though it sometimes succeeds if sown the following spring.
Elm seed requires a very light covering of fine, moist soil, not over i-inch in thick-
ness, while maple and ash should be covered 1 or IJ inehes.
Tree and shrub seeds should be sown in rows about 30 inches apart to permit
horse cultivation when considerable quantities are grown. In all cases the land should
be prepared the year preceding sowing, so as to have the soil as fine as possible.
Breaking and backsetting new land, and summer-fallowing old, make the best and
safest preparation.
Trees should be transplanted when seedling's are 2 years old. When left until 3 or
4 years old, the trouble and expense are greatly increased.
A large quantity of tree and shrub seedlings and seeds are available for next
spring's distribution. A list of a few of the best is given, with the uses to whjch they
are adapted.
392
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
Common Name.
For slielterbelts or windbreaks —
Native Maple, or Box Elder.
Voronesh Willow.
Sharp-leaved Willow*.
Green Ash.
For avenue or shade —
American Cottonwood.
" Elm.
Russian Poplar.
Moimtain Ash, American.
For hedges —
Siberian Pea Tree.
Common Cotoneaster.
Common Lilac.
Tartarian Honeysuckle.
Native Haw.thorn.
Scarlet Haw.
Breaking Buckthorn.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Botanical Name.
Negundo aceroides.
Salix voronesh.
Salix acutifolia;
Fraxinus pennsylvanica.
Populus deltoidea.
Ulmus americana.
(Several species).
Pyrus americana.
Caragana arborescens.
Cotoneaster integerrima.
Syringa vulgaris.
Lonicera tatarica.
Crataegus crus galli.
Crataegus coccinea.
Khamnus frangula.
For ornamental shrubbery those recommended for hedges are useful, and also the
following : —
Dwarf Caragana.
Sorbus-leaved Spirsea.
Spiraea arguta.
Van Houtte's Spirsea.
Japanese Spirsea.
Caragana pygmsea.
Spirsea sorbifolia.
Spirsea arguta.
Spirsea Van Houttei.
Spirsea Japonica.
Climbers for porches, &c. : — Virginia Creeper, Clematis, Hops, Climbing Honey-
suckle, and Wild Cucumber.
FRUIT TREES.
PLANTIXG.
Last spring several hundred cross-bred apples and seedlings were sent up from the
Experimental Farm, Ottawa, and planted. A list of the varieties and numbers is given
below.
5 Charles.
10 Columbia.
8 Bow.
5 Eve.
6 Tony.
Cross-hred Apple Trees.
2 Aurora.
6 Pioneer.
10 Alberta.
5 Dawn.
6 Manitou.
2 Ruby.
2 Carleton.
5 Prince.
2 Northern Queen.
3 Elsa.
REPORT OF AIR. AXGUS MACEAY
393
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Seedlings of Cross-hred Apples.
19 Seed]
lings
of Sparta.
20 Seedlings of Jewel.
2
u
Olive.
26
((
Foster.
2
a
Stisan.
9
u
Eobin.
4
li
Gordon.
7
((
Silvia.
7
u
Cluster.
8
ii
Madge.
3
u
Jane.
20
a
Golden.
2
iC
Bude.
8
ii
Lizzie.
11
u
Akers.
6
ii
Raymond.
25
u
Sankey.
3
ii
Pringle.
13
(I
Aurora.
20
a
Carleton.
28
u
Manitou.
10
ii
Stork.
30
cc
Tony.
13
a
No. 572.
38
CI
Alberta.
12
ii
Derby.
7
u
Prince.
6
Cl
Dawn.
26
ii
Garnet.
7
ii
Edna.
10
a
Pioneer.
19
a
Caleb.
1
a
Dean.
9
a
No. 432.
17
u
Columbia.
2
a
Blushed Calville.
3
li
Sam.
3
ii
Small Red Apple.
11
<(
Eaton.
2
cc
Hare Pipka.
2
li
Hudson.
8
cc
Elsa.
17
a
Stork.
4
iC
No. 768.
20
a
Northern Queen.
3
ii
No. 218.
18
((
Mary.
7
ii
No. 570.
9
u
Romney.
These were all set out in new plots of ground, being planted 15 feet apart each
way, or else being used to fill vacancies in the older orchards. The balance were put in
nursery rows till room can be found for them in a plot which is being prepared.
PLUMS.
Twelve seedlings of Carstesen plum and one of Aitkin plum, were received, and
planted in the plum orchard.
FRUIT CROP.
siBERiAx CRAB (Pi/rus taccato).
The Siberian Crab trees fruited well as usual, but the crop was hardly as heavy as
in 1904.
CROSS-BRED APPLES.
A few of the Cross-bred apple trees fruited this year, namely, Cavan, No. 19,
Aurora, No. 45. The fruit was considerably larger than the Pyrus baccata, but most
of the large ones were stolen long before they were ripe.
Some seedling trees of cross-bred apples also fruited, but in most cases reverted
more or less to the original type of Pyrus baccata, and consequently will be discarded,
being of no greater value than the baccata.
394 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
PLUMS.
A remarkably heavy crop of fruit set, and for the most part, completely ripened,
as this year there were no frosts sufficient to harm the fruit before October. A num-
ber of branches were broken down by the weight of plums.
Manitoba Native, Weaver and Aitkin Plums all produced abundantly.
SAND CHERRY.
Seedling of Wonder Sand Cherry, planted 1901. This fruited for the first time
this year. The fruit was quite a good size and sweet.
SHALL FEinTS.
CURRANTS.
A very heavy crop of fruit set, but was attacked by the currant maggot (Epochm
canadensis), and at the time of ripening it was found that more than half the crop
was infested with the maggots, causing the fruit to be valueless, unless very carefully
picked, which was a slow and tedious job.
RASPBERRIES.
The raspberry crop was good. The frequent rains during July and ths early
part of August when the fruit was filling, helped it considerably.
Marlborough, Caroline, Kenyon Seedling, Dr. Reider, Garfield, Mary, Turner and
Miller raspberries, with Older and Tlillborn black caps are the varieties being grown
at present.
GOOSEBERRIES.
Gooseberries were practically a failure this year. Some of the bushes had a few
berries on, but the majority were quite bare.
STRAWBERRIES.
The strawberry plants set out in 1904 came through the winter satisfactorily, but
did not produce any fruit, except a few odd berries. They have been well covered uij
again this fan, and it is hoped they will fruit well 7aext season.
CATTLE.
The herd of cattle at present consists of 19 pure bred Shorthorn females and 7
bulls, and 28 grade animals.
Last winter the entire herd was tested for tuberculosis, and not one reacted.
AUCTION SALE OF PURE BRED STOCK.
An auction sale of pure bred shorthorn cattle and of swine was held on May 11 last.
On the two preceding days and nights rain and snow fell, making the roads
almost impassable, causing a very small attendance.
Four head of cattle and two pigs were sold, and the others were withdrawn.
REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACEA7 395
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
FEEDING TESTS.
On December 2, 4 three-year old steers were purcliased', and on December 14, 4
two-year olds, with the object of ascertaining at which age the animals could be most
economically fattened. They were tested with tuberculin and found to be healthy.
The test was for 16 weeks, commencing on December 16 and ending on April 7.
The steers were divided into two lots ; Lot 1 comprising the 2 year-old animals, and
Lot 2 the 3 year-olds, and were fed the following ration : —
Lot 1, per head, per day. — 11 lbs. ensilage, 8 lbs. straw, 12 lbs. roots and J lb.
ground linseed. Ln addition, meal was fed at the rate of 2 lbs. for each animal per day,
and increased by 2 lbs. each month during the test.
Lot 2, per head, per day. — 15 lbs. ensilage, 14 lbs, straw, 15 lbs. roots and J lb.
ground linseed. Meal, 4 lbs. each per day for first month, increased 2 lbs. per day each
month of test.
The straw was cut, and mixed with the ensilage before being fed.
1 he meal used consisted of two parts barley and one part small wheat.
Before the test started the animals were fed the same ration as during the first
month of test, except that only | lb. of ground linseed was fed, instead of ^ lb. After
test was completed till the steers were sold on April 25, they were fed the same as dur-
ing the last month of test. «,
Following will be found a statement of the total amount and estimated value of
the feed consumed, the monthly and total weights and gains of each lot during the
test, and a summary of the financial result of the transaction.
Total Weight axd Estimated Value of Feed Consumed During the Whole
Period from Date Bought till Sold.
Before Test Started CLot 1, 2 Days, Lot 2, Ik Days).
Feed
Value.
Lot 1.
Lot 2.
Lbs.
Cost.
Lbs.
Cost.
§2 per ton ... .
-SI ,. ....
88
04
80
16
2
$ cts.
0 09
0 03
0 07
0 10
0 04
840
784
500
224
14
S cts.
0 84
0 39
0 47
1 49
Straw
Meal
f c. per lb
2c
Ground linseed
0 28
0 33
3 47
During Test ill2 Days).
Ensilage
Straw
Root
Meals.
Ground linseed
S2
per
ton
$1
,
oc.
per
bush. . .
io.
per
lb
2c.
4,928
3,584
5,376
2,240
186
4 92
1 79
4 48
14 93
3 72
29 84
6,720
6,272
6,720
3,136
186
6 72
3 13
5 22
20 90
3 72
39 69
Till Sold (18 Days).
Ensilage
Straw
Roots
S2 per ton
SI „ ....
792
576
864
576
36
0 79
0 29
0 72
3 84
0 72
1,0S0
1,008
1,080
720
36
1 08
0 50
0 90
4 80
0 72
Meal
Ac. per lb
Ground linseed
2c. 11
6 36
8 00
396
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Summary JJost of Feeding.
Before test
During test
Till sold
Total
Average per steer
Lotl.
$ cts.
0 33
29 84
6 36
36 53
9 13
Lot 2.
$ cts.
3 47
39 69
8 00
51 16
12 79
Total.
$ cts.
3 80
69 53
14 36
87 69
Monthly Weights and Gains During Test.
Weight at sftirt of test
End of 1st 4 weeks — Weight.
Gain . . .
2nd
3rd
4th
Total gaia durini
Weight.
Gain . . .
Weight..
Gain . . . .
Weight.
Gain . . . .
test
Lotl.
Lbs.
Lot 3.
Lbs.
2,880
4,900
2,980
5,100
100
200
3,260
5,330
280
230
3,490
5,570
230
240
3,740
5,880
250
310
860
980
Summary of Financial Result of the Transaction.
Weight bought
At
Amount paid.. . .
Cost of feed
Total cost
Weight when sold.
Less 5 per cent shrinkage
Net weight sold
At
Amount received
Total gain in weight
Average gain per steer
Net profit
Profit per steer
2,880 lbs.
$ 20 00 per head.
80 00
36 53
116 53
3,840 lbs.
192
3,648
3f cents.
$136 80
960 lbs.
240 „
$ 20 27
5 07
Lot 2.
5,125 lb'.
3^ cents per lb.
$160 15
51 16
211 31
6,000 lbs.
300
5,700
4 cents.
$228 00
875 lbs.
219 „
$ 16 69
4 17
HORSES.
There are 13 horses now on the farm. Since sending in my last report, the follow-
ing changes have taken place: One horse died, two old mares were shot on account of
extreme age, and a herd pony was exchanged. A span of driving horses and one work
horse have been bought, and last spring a colt was born.
SWINE.
Last spring a Yorkshire white boar and sow were sent to the farm from the
Central Farm at Ottawa, and have done well since their arrival. During the past
REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACEAY
3S7
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
twelve months 2 Berkshire boars and 7 sows, and 2 Tamworth boars and 1 sow have
been sold to farmers for breeding purposes.
There are at present on the farm 11 Yorkshire White, 23 Berkshire and 9 Tam-
worth pigs.
POULTRY.
Barred Plymouth Eock, Black Minorca and Light Brahma fowls are kept. Set-
tings of eggs and young fowls are sold to applicants so far as the supply permits.
Record was kept of the number of eggs laid by each breed for 7 months, April to
October inclusive, and the results are given below : —
Plymouth Rocks.
Black Minoecas.
Light Brahmas.
Hens.
Eggs.
Eggs
per hen.
Hens.
Eggs.
Eggs
per hen.
Hens.
Eggs.
Eggs
per hen.
April
May
June
10
10
11
12
12
12
12
171
128
137
138
142
100
65
17
12
12
11
11
8
5
1
8
5
5
8
3
4
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
183
199
102
86
120
57
19
14
15
7
6
8
4
1
1
3
3
1
6
1
4
8
8
7
6
6
5
5
93
87
61
32
20
10
0
11-6
10-9
8-7
July
53
August
33
September
October
2-
0"
Total
881
7G6
303
Average No. hens
11-3
13-7
6-4
II II eggs per hen
78
56
47
INSTITUTE MEETINGS.
I had the pleasure of attending institute meetings in the month of June, in com-
pany with Mr. George Harcourt (then supermtendent of institute work for the Ter-
ritories), at Kj-le, Shanon, Kinistino, Melfort, Birch Hills and Red Deer Hil'l, all
south or southeast of Prince Albert in Saskatchewan. These nieetings were arranged
by tlie Department of Agriculture at Regina, and all, with one exception, when heavy
rain interfered, were very well attended.
These meetings gave me an opportunity of seeing the growing crops throughout
a large section of the country, as well as of seeing the general conditions of farming
carried on in the northern settled part of Saskatchewan. For some weeks prior to
my visit, the weather in the north had been very dry, and grain as a rule was fur-
ther advanced than in the southern districts, but was not so heavy, and weeds were
mora noticeable. The crops however on the whole looked very well, with many very
line fields of wheat and oats.
Having visited this section of country several years ago, when there was no
raili'oad, or way of disposing of the products grown, except teaming very long dis-
tances to market, it gave me great pleasure to visit field after field of grain, and to
see alongside cars ready to take it to the consumer. Then, Melfort and Kinistino
consisted of a post office and a school. Now, both are large and ambitious towns,
giving good evidence of what two magnificent districts can do, when facilities are
provided for taking out of the country its products.
GRAIK dealers' TRIP.
Through the kindness of the grain dealers of AVinnipeg, I enjoyed a trip of
three days' duration before harvest time through the wheat fields of part of Assini-
398 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
boia and Manitoba. The crops along tbe new railway lines from Rcgina, by way
of Areola to Brandon, and from Kirkella to Lipton, were especially interesting to
me, as it was my first visit through these new and fast-growing settlements.
jSTesdless to say, grain looked fine everywhere, and in some districts, harvesting
was under way.
TRIP THROUGH ALBERTA DURING HARVEST TIME.
It was my great privilege during the latter part of August, and early in Septem-
ber, to take an extended trip through the newly formed province of Alberta, with your-
self, and to see with much pleasure the large crops of grain being harvested, and in
some cases threshed.
At High River and Claresholm (on the Canadian Pacific Railway from Calgary
to Macleod) extended trips were made through the districts, and on all sides fall wheat
was either in stook or being threshed. Spring wheat and oats were being cut, and
everywhere the grain was very fine indeed. At Leavings and Macleod the crops were
also very fine.
On reaching Lethbridge, a special train was placed at our disposal to see the grain
fields as far as Cardston, through the kindness of Mr. A. T. Gait, president of the Gait
Coal Mines, and of Mr. Magrath, the latter accompanying us over the line. On ac-
count of dry weather the crops did not appear so heavy south of Lethbridge as further
north, but everywhere evidence was seen of large fields being sown with winter wheat;
one field alone contained 2,000 acres.
At Raymond, the large sugar factory was being put in order for its harvest. On
all sides sugar beets were observed, and those fields examined were certainly extra good.
As soon as possible after the new province was born, Edmonton was reached, and a
few days spent among the grain fields surrounding the future capital. Everywhere
the crops were fine, very many were in stook. Winter wheat was not grown so exten-
sively in the north as in the south the past season, but considerable had been sown in
all the districts visited.
The districts of Lacombe, Red Deer and Innisfail were in turn visited, and as in
all others the grain was partially in stook, threshed and standing, but everywhere it
was good, with a few exceptions where hail had unfortunately some time before visited
strips of the country we passed through.
An afternoon was spent visiting the Canadian Pacific Railway irrigation canal at
Calgary, where most extensive work was being carried on, and which will in future
prove of vast benefit to a very large section of country.
After returning home, and spending two days, a start was made for Battleford.
It gave me great pleasure to visit for the first time the ancient capital of the Terri-
tories.
North Battleford, which came into existence three months before, wfs all bustle,
from the many land seekers making it their headquarters while looking iip home-
steads, and from the" erection of the many new buildings.
The crops from Regina north to and about Saskatoon were very fine, nearly all
were in stook, with considerable threshing done at several of tho stations, especially
about Dundurn and Saskatoon. Along the Canadian Northern Railway from the
Junction to Battleford, the country is being newly settkd, but many towns have sprung
up along the line, and in a year or two the whole country will no doubt be fully
settled.
EXCURSION TO THE EXPERIMENTAL FARM.
The Department of Agriculture at Regina ran excursion trains from Fleming on
the east and Caron on the west, and from Prince Albert in the north, a distance of
REPORT OF MR. ANGUS MACKAY ' 399
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
over 400 miles, on July 19, when over 3,000 peopfe visited the Indian Head Farm.
Classes in stock-judging, butter-making and domestic cooking were carried on during
the day in large tents specially provided.
In addition to the farm's staff of men and horses employed in conveying the large
crowd over the f-arm, many of the town and country jyeople also kindly gave their as-
sistance, and during the time between the arrival and departure of tho trains, the farm
presented a very lively appearance. Every field and plot was visited by the largest and
most agreeable company that has ever taken possession of the farm.
On July 4 large numbers attending the Indian Head sports visited the farm; and
on August 8 and 9, during the Central Assiniboia Exhibition held at Indian Head,
great iiumbers drove and walked through the grounds.
DISTErBHTION OF SAMPLES.
During the months of March, April and May, the usual distribution of sam.ples
of the products of the Farm was made to residents in Assiniboia, Alberta and Sas-
katchewan.
As there was an increase in the number of applications of over 30 per cent com-
pared with those received in the winter of 1903-4, and the supply of samples was no
greater than usual, a very large number were disappointed.
The samples distributed were as follows : —
Wheat 546 bags of 3 lbs. each.
Oats 406 " 3 "
Barley 197 " 3 "
Pease 87 " 3 "
Sundries (flax, rye, spelt) 25 '• 3 "
Potatoes 618 " 3 "
Tree seeds (maple and ash) 759 " 4 lb. each.
Shrub seeds (Caragana) 810 packets.
Grass seed, Brome 10 bags of 1 lb. eaclu
G»ass seed, Western Rye 60 " 1 "
Small seeds, 545 bags containing 8,175
packages of shrub, flower, root and
garden seeds and corn.
Eliubarb roots 88 packages.
Fruit bushes 241 "
Tree and shrub seedlings 668 "
Express parcels, containing tree and shrub
seedlings 130 parcels.
CORRESPONDENCE.
During the 12 months ending October 31, 1905, 7,820 letters, irrespective of reports
on grain and other samples, were received, and 7,874 letters, not counting circulars of
instruction sent with samples, were mailed from this office.
400
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1905
METEOROLOGICAL.
Month.
Temperature,
Maximum.
Temperature..
Minimum.
Eain
fall.
Snow-
fall.
Hours of
Bright
Sunshine.
November
1904.
Date.
2
30
4
27
21
26
31
2&3
13,19,20
25
28
3&5
Degrees
66
39
30
51
63
79
78
85
80
88
81
73
Date.
30
2C
9&24
4
12
10& J7
4
9 &23
22&24
29
11 & 23
19&27
Degrees
—13
—38
-34
—43
—10
10
16
35
42
39
31
9
Days.
Inches.
Inches.
375
10-
2 5
4o
6 5
2-5
2-
114-4
December
66-8
January . .
1905.
97 9
February
March
139 2
2
2
10
17
15
7
8
3
3
5
2
2
5
26
32
34
16
47
28
00
34
153
245
199
169
265
264
179
90
(•)
April
May
8
June
July
1
4
August
September
October . .
?,
9
64
19-17
33-75
1,985
3
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant.
AXGrS MACKAY,
Superintendent.
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1906
EXPERIMENTAL FARM FOR BRITISH COLUMBIA.
KEPOKT OF THOITAS A. SHARPE, SUPEEINTENDENT.
Agassiz, B.C., November 30, 1905.
To Dr. Wm. Saunders, C.M.G.,
Director Dominion Experimental Farms,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of the work done on the
Experimental Farm at Agassiz during the year 1905.
The past year has in some respects been more or less unfavourable to fruits and to
some classes of agricultural products. The first part of the year was vei-y mild and fine,
with a very light snowfall in January and none in February, while the lowest tempera-
ture recorded at this station in January was twelve degrees of frost on the 12th, and the
lowest in February was twenty-four degrees on the 24th. March averaged colder than
either of the two preceding months. There were several unusually cold periods, the
coldest being nineteen degrees of frost on the 11th. Towards the end of the month,
the weather became warmer and many of the fruit trees came out in bloom. During
April the weather continued cool with frequent cold rains and several light frosts,
which, occurring during the blossoming of the fruit trees or when the fruit was setting,
caused a considerable loss in the strawberry, apple, cherry, plum and pear crops. The
weather became warmer in May, but remained showery and in consequence the spray-
ing of fruit trees for fungus diseases was not very effective, and plum rot w^s rather
prevalent. In many instances the showers were followed by bright sunshine which
favoured the development of fungus diseases in stone fruits and the cracking of the
cherries.
t After the middle of June the weather became dry and hot and the rainfall during
July, August and the first half of September was very light. As much of the land on
this farm is a loam more or less sandy or gravelly, underlaid with gravel it does not
resist drought, and late crops such as mangels, turnips, &c., suffered. The heavy rains
of the latter part of September and first half of October did some damage to late grain
crops, which were not harvested, but on the whole the loss throughout the country has
not teen heavy, and practically nothing was lost from this cause on the experimental
farm.
Some loss from the potato rot in low lands is reported, but up to the present time
we have not suffered to any considerable extent from this disease. A severe frost on the
nights of October 17 and 18 killed many tender plants and arrested the growth of
man.scels and sugar beets, and is reported to have done injury to potatoes yet undug or
insufficiently protected. Such a frost is very uniLSual so early in the season, this being
the first time in many years that a killing frost has occurred before the second week
in November.
FRUIT CROPS.
The frost during the early spring cut down the strawberry crop one-third, it also
lessened the plum and cherry crops and later on the brown rot and the cracking of the
cherries caused by rain lessened the crop of these fruits. Pears and apples are in
manv places a light crop, but the bright clear summer and autumn favoured the de'
16—26 401
402 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
velopment of tlie fruit wliicli remained, so that the sample is above the average in
quality.
The hedges continue to be one of the attractions of the farm, and the addition
of a few more would be appreciated, as giving a wider selection to those who are con-
templating planting a hedge either for ornament or for the protection it would afford
as a windbreak.
OENAMENTAL TREES A^D SHRUBS.
Almost all of the above description of trees and shrubs have done very well. The
long continued dry north wind in February and March injured some of the ever-
greens, but a season's growth has effaced the injury and restored their beauty.
NUT TREES.
This class of trees and shrubs have made a very satisfactory growth, and for
the first time since they were planted the filberts have been fairly productive.
The bluejays are very numerous and very destructive, beginning to pluck and
carry off the filberts as soon as the nut has filled, and by the time the nut is ripened
but few are ^eft on the bushes.
The Japanese and Spanish chestnuts, and the Japanese walnuts again produced
a fine crop. The English and black walnuts have each produced a few nuts. The
shellbark hickory and butternut trees have also given a light crop, and the pecan
treos blossomed, but have not yet fruited.
The nuts and tree seeds distributed in previous years have given good satisfac-
tion, many reports having been received from different parts of the country giving
accounts of fine growth, accompanied by inquiries for more seed. As many as pos-
sible of these applicants will be supplied from this year's crop.
DITCHING.
About 600 yards of ditch have been dug this year; part of this has been covered
with split cedar and filled in, which makes a very satisfactory underdrain.
NEW BREAKING.
About three acres of new breaking has been done this year.
LIVE STOCK
CATTLE.
All of the cattle now at this farm are registered Shorthorns, and the herd con-
sists of 10 cows, 5 heifers and three heifer calves, one stud bull and six bull calves.
Since my last report three bulls have been sold for breeding and one for beef, one
barren cow for beef and two calves for veal.
SHEEP.
The sheep also are all pure bred, of the Dorset-horned breed, and the flock at
present consists of 16 ewes and ewe lambs, and five males. Since my last report, one
ewe and one ram died, two rams were sold for breeding and two ewes and four males
sold to the butcher.
PIGS,
The pigs on hand are all pure bred Berkshires or Yorkshires. Quite a number
of both breeds and of either sex have been sold throughout the province for breeders,
and those unsuitable for this purpose have been fed and sold to the butcher. At
REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. 8HARPE 403
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
present there are three sows and one boar of the Berkshire breed, and four sows and
a boar of the Yorkshire; all thrifty, fine animals.
HORSES.
Since my last report, one of the old horses has died, and one young horse also
died, from inflammation of the bowels. A fine young team was bought last spring
and another this autumn; all these are horses averaging about fifteen hundred lbs.,
and are very serviceable animals. A useful mare was also bought, weighing about
1,200 lbs., for a general purpose animal.
BEES.
Two swarms of bees died last winter which left five swarms when spring opened.
These were hived during May and early June and all of these are apparently strong
and well furnished V;ith stores for the winter.
MOUNTAIN ORCHAEDS.
The mountain orchards have been injured a good deal by wild animals, and some
of the fruit has been taken off by bears and racoons. All the orchards bore some fruit
this year, and some of the finest specimens we had were from trees over 800 feet above
the level of the valley.
FOEEST ANT) NUT TEEES.
The nut and forest timber trees planted in the forestry plantation continue to
make satisfactory growth, and many of thos^e on the mountains while not growing so
rapidly as in the cultivated lands in the valley, are making fair progress.
POULTEY.
The breeds kept this year on the farm were B. P. EDcks, BafE Orpingtons, piack
Minorcas, White Wyandottes, Light Brahmas and S. C. Brown Leghorns.
The Leghorns laid the largest number of eggs. The Black Minorcas came next in
number, but their eggs being so much larger, the balance of weight of eggs was in
their favour. Of the heavier breeds the White Wyandottes are the best layers, B. P.
Eocks the next, Buif Orpingtons and Brahmas are about equal. As table fowls the
White Wyandottes mature the earliest. B. P. Eocks and Buff Orpingtons are larger
at maturity, whereas the Brahmas, although taking a little longer to mature than any
of the others, attain a larger size than any of the other breeds which we have.
One advantage which the Black Minorcas and Leghorns have over the heavier
breeds in this wet climate is, that their feathers lie closer to their bodies and shed the
rain better than some of the heavier fowls. The White Wyandottes of the heavier
breeds come next in this respect.
The hens are kept in their breeding pens — which have a yard attached to each —
from January 1 to July 1. During the rest of the year they are at large.
There has been no disease among tlie poultry this year, except a few cases of rheu-
matism owing to the wet weather, but w'e are very much troubled by crows, hawks and
skunks which carry off a good many chickens even when they are well grown.
This year the chickens were hatched and reared by hens. The percentage hatched
and raised has been about the same as was had by the use of an incubator and brooder
in previous years. The advantage in the tise of an incubator and brooder is in early
chickens and a large number of chickens raised at one time.
The poultry were fed mixed grain — ^ wheat, J oats, | pease, and in the autumn,
sunflower seeds. During the coldest weather in winter they get once a day boiled roots
mashed and mixed with a little chop of any kind on hand, and a cabbage head or some
vegetable always before them.
16— 26i
404
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
The hen house is whitewashed several times during the summer. Xest-boxes and
roosts are movable, so as to be easily cleaned. They are given clean chaff or straw
once a week on a swept floor, then grain is thrown into this chaff or straw, and they
have to scratch for it.
EXPERIMENTS WITH OATS.
The experimental plots of oats were on a loamy soil which had received a light
dressing of manure on a clover sod in the autumn of 1903, and had been sown to roots
in the summer of 1904. The land was in fine condition both as to fertility and tilth
when the oats were sown, April 15. Forty varieties were sown in plots of one-fortieth
of an acre each, and at the rate of two and a half bushels per acre. The seed ger-
minated well and made an even stand, with promise of a heavy yield, until the rust
appeared, in July. Some varieties suffered badly, others were but slightly injured,
and in these latter cases the yield has been very fair. Golden Eleece, Siberian and
Abundance, appeared to be the least affected of any, but the last two sorts were badly
affected last year.
All the' seed was treated with bluestone for the prevention of smut, and there was
practically no smut in any of the plots.
Oats — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
1 Abundance
2 Golden Fleece
3:Siberian
4 i Improved American..
5 Tartar King
6 'Kendal White
7 Goldfinder
8 Milford White
9 Sensation
10 Waverley
11 Black Beauty
12 Bavarian
13 Storm King
14|Joanette
15 Golden Tartarian . . .
16 Holstein Prolific
17 Meunonite
18 Lincoln
19, Thousand Dollar
20 Improved Ligowo
21 Danish Island
22 American Triumph..
23 Swedish Select
24 Banner
25 Olive Black
26 Milford Black
27 Kendal Black
28 Early Golden Prolific
29 Wide Awake
30 White uiant
3l|Columbus
32 Pioneer
33 Irish Victor
34 1 American Beauty. ..
35 Buckbee's Illinois
36'Twentieth Century..
37 Scotch Potato
38 Golden Giant
39! Golden Beauty
40, Swedish Probstey
Aug.
In.
110'
114
111
114
109
114
112
110
111
115
108
116
108!
109
116
111
110
111
114'
115,
115
111
111
114
109
109
110
no
114
112
115
108'
111
111
110
110
112
116
111
109
Character
of
Straw.
Stiff.
Medium .
Strong. . .
IMedium.
Strong. . .
46
44
42
46
40
44
48
42
40
46
44
46
48
40
46
40
44
46
42
40
48
46
46 i Medium.
42 Strong..
44
44
40
40 1 Medium.
44 I ,. .
40 Strong...
40 Medium.
40 Strong. . .
46
46
40
44 Medium.
40 Strong.
46
40 Medium .
48 StronE
Kind of
Head.
Branching
Sided.
Branching
Sided... .
Branching
Branching
Sided,
9 iSided.
9
10
10
9
9
10
9
9
9
9
9
10
9
9
9
9
10
10
11
9
10
10
9
9
10
Branching
Sided...
Branching
Lbs.
6,9G0
5,920
7,760
5,840
7,100
Yield
per
Acre.
5,360 80
6,480 77
5,680 74
4,560. 74
5,920! 74
5,520; 72
5,840! 70
6,560 69
5,8S0i 68
4,920, 67
5,360, 67
6,040 66
6,520 63
5,640 63
5,120 62
5,520' 62
0,120 62
5, 480 1 61
5,0401 00
5,120 60
6,640 60
5,040] 59
5,400, 59
5,840, 58
5,720 58
5,760 .58
5,540 57
6,440l 57
5,520! 56
5,440 49
5,640! 49
5,440[ 48
5,640 47
5,600! 45
5,840 43
10
32
26
22
6
22
24
14
4
20
14
8
32
12
26
18
8
32
22
12
4
28
18
8
32
2
26
16
6
22
2
16
14
4
28
2
30
18
Rusted.
Slightly.
Consid'ably.
1^
34
32
35i
34'
36
33
32^
351
34i Badly.
33 iConsid'ably.
37i ..
32^
M Badly.
33i;Consid'ably.
31
34
33
34
34
32
35
33
33.^
31""
34
34
34
32i
32 Slightly.
34 I ,-
33 Badly.
34^ Consid'ably.
33 Slightly.
32 Consid'ably.
32i „ ^
32' i
32
32 ! II
32h Badly.
34i „
REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. 8EARPE
405
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
EXPERIMENTS WITH BAELEY.
I«[ineteen varieties of six-rowed barley, and fifteen of two-rowed were tested this
year. The land selected for the barley plots was a light loam which was in clover in
1903 ; this received a light dressing of stable manure in the autumn of that year, when
the clover, with the added manure, was turned under. It was planted with potatoes in
1004, and was in very good condition for grain in 1905. The plots were one-fortieth
of an acre each, and the grain was sown on April 15, at the rate of two bushels per acre.
The barley is very bright, but owing to the very hot weather which prevailed when the
grain was in the dough stage, and which hastened the ripening, it is not as plump as
it was in 1901. There was no smut on any of this grain.
Six-ROAVED Barley — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
1 Nugent
2Argyle
3]Mensury
4 Brome
5; Albert
6;8tella
7iOderbruch
8 Blue Long Head...
Yale
Empire
Rennie's Improved .
Odessa
Common
IflMansfield
15,Chanipion
16, Claude
17 Royal
IS Summit
19 Trooper
Date of
Ripening.
July 29..
,. 2G..
M 26..
M 27..
M 27..
„ 29..
„ 27.-
., 27..
„ 28..
,. 29..
„ 24 ,
.. 24..
„ 27..
M 29..
.. 22..
.. 26..
.. 27..
[Aug. 1 .
! .. 1..
^
g
m
e|
o
o
M
6
a
o
:?:
)-i
In.
105
44
102
42
102
46
103
42
103
42
105
40
103
44
103
40
104
42
105
44 •
100
48
100
45
103
42
103
46
98
46
102
44
103
44
108
40
108
46
Character
of
Straw.
Strong
In.
3
3^
3
3i
2"
3
3
2i
2i
3-4
2J
3
3
3
3
2h
3
3
3
Weight
of
Straw.
Lbs.
6,800
6,800
6,400
6,960
6,600
8,000
5,520
6,400
6,400
6,440
5,520
5,400
5,600
6,000
7,000
5,400
5,440
5,440
5,120
Yield per
Acre.
20
8
6
34
24
10
38
28
28
8
16
24
32
40
20
16
Lbs
50i
491
46i
50
51|
5X1
50i
42
50
50
53
50J
50
45
51i
51
51
49J
Two-rowed Barley — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
Newton
Swedish Chevalier.
Canadian Thorpe . .
Beaver
Invincible
Standwell
French Chevalier.
8 Clifford
9 Harvey
10 Sidney
11 Jarvis .. .
12[ Dunham .... . . . .
13 j Danish Chevalier.. .
14|Gordon
15 Logan
sc
&■
eS
ti
^■^
m
Date of
OS
o
Ripening.
^
tc
6
s
^
i-:i
Aug. 5 .
2.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.
July 31.
Aug. 1.
3.
5.
4.
5.
5
4.
Character
of
Straw.
In.
Ill
40
108
40
109
42
110
39
110
40
111
40
111
40
106
48
107
46
109
3S
111
40
110
42
111
38
111
40
110
40
Very strong.
Strong
Medium
In.
Strong 3
Medium 4
Strong . . .
Medium .
Strong . . .
3
4
3
3
4
4i
4
3-4
3
4
4
4
Strong 3-1
Weight
of
Straw.
Lbs.
168
153
151
167
160
148
158
156
148
136
138
146
140
123
118
Yield per
Acre.
24
32
12
28
32
22
24
32
8
34
12
40
8
40
S23
Lbs,
50J
51i
51*
524
50^
501
51^
51
49i
51
49
50
50^
51
48i
406
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1936
EXPERIMENTS WITH EALL WHEAT.
Seven varieties of fall wheat were sown on October 15, 190-i. The land where these
were sown is a sandy or gravelly loam, which had clover stubble turned under in the
summer, after which the land was harrowed once a week, until the seed was sown. The
plots were one-fortieth of an acre each, and the seed was sown at the rate of one and a
half bushels per acre. Six of the varieties came through the winter and gave a fair
yield, but the variety known as Choice Club was so completely winter killed that not
half a dozen plants were left in the spring. There was no rust or smut on any of these
plots.
Fall Wheat — Test of Varieties.
to
ba
a
^
^*
2
%
Date
'S
«4-l
Kind
Weight
<
Name of Variety.
of
oS
w^
43
ji
of
of
t
-ti
Sowing.
o
to
a
to
Head.
Straw.
2
-tb
a
ci
a
o
■3
c«
(U
.a
a
i~^
Q
^
rA
O
t-^
? ?-
In.
In.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Abundance
Oct. 15.
,. 15.
July 18.
„ 19.
276
277
46
40
Stiff.. . .
3^
4
Beardless .
Bearded . .
4,800
5,700
33 20
32 40
65
Turkey Red
65
American Banner
„ 15.
„ 15.
273
46
3
Beardless.
5,000
32 20
6:3|
Kharkov
„ 15.
„ 15.
., 18.
„ 17.
276
275
44
44
21
Bearded . .
Beardless .
4,800
4,480
32 ..
G5h
Dawson's Golden Chaff. . .
29 20 ! 63|
Red Velvet Chaff
M 15.
„ 19.
277
44
4
II
5,210
27 20 64i
Choice Club
,. 15.
Winter
killed.
EXPERIMENTS WITH SPRING WHEAT.
Twenty-eight varieties of spring wheat were sown in plots of one-fortieth of an
acre each. The previous crop was clover, which was cut in June of 1904 and the after-
growth turned under in September and cut with the disc and harrowed to rot the sod.
Sown April 18 at the rate of ninety pounds of seed per acre, the stand was uniform,
the growth vigorous and the heads long, but a bad attack of midge nearly destroyed
the crop. The spring wheat over most of the lower Eraser valley was so badly injured
by this pest that many fields were not cut, but were harvested by pigs. Fortunately,
spring wheat is not very much grown in that part of the province. There was no rust
on any of these plots.
REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE
407
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Spring Wheat — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
I'Hungarian White. .
2 1 Monarch
3 Herisson Bearded. .
4 Che.ster
5 Countess
6, White Russian . ...
7|Dawn
8, Stanley.. . .
9|Wellnian's Fife....
10 Early Riga
11 Red Fern
12 Australian No. 9 . . .
13 Minnesota No. 163.
14iLaurel
loiMeKendry's Fife. . .
16 Colorado
17j Advance
ISJBishop
IQWeldon
20!Red Fife
2llWhiteFife
22IClyde
23i Huron. .
24 Haynes' Blue Stem.
Percy
Power's Fife
Pr ingle's Cham plain
Preston
Q
S
In.
Ai
ig. 14
. 14
118
118
40
47
, 12
116
48
, 1.5
119
44
, 14
118
46
, 15
119
48
, 14
118
46
, 16
120
46
- 16
120
48
■ 10
114
38
, 15
119
40
, 15
119
48
, 24
128
48
, 14
118
46
. 16
120
40
. 12
116
49
. 14
118
46
. 14
118
46
, 21
125
48
> 16
120
46
, 16
120
42
, 18
122
50
, 12
116
46
. 16
120
49
, 12
116
46
. 18
122
46
. 17
121
50
5
109
48
'6
a
Character
^W
of
Straw.
c'o
kJ
In.
Strong . .
3
• ^
. 2
3
3
4
4
. 3^
Weak . .
2|
Medium .
3
Strong . .
4
II
. 34
„
3
,,
4
ir
. 3h
„
3
11
3
11
. ^
II
. 3
Medium .
3
Strong . .
4
II
3
11
. 3i
IT
3
11
4
,,
4
'
4
Kind of
Head.
Bearded .
Beardless
Bearded .
Beardless
Bearded
Beardless
Bearded .
Beardless
Bearded
Beardless
Bearded
Weight
of
Straw.
Lbs.
4,960
4,840
5,200
5,600
5,560
5,280
4,800
4.400
4,800
4,840
5,360
4,920
4,720
4,920
4,800
4,960
4,720
5,560
5,120
5,120
4,560
4,640
4,560
5,440
4,880
4,640
4,320
5,360
Yield
per
Acre.
16 ..
15 20
14 ..
13 20
12 50
12 40
12 20
11 20
11 10
11 ..
10 40
10 30
10 20
10 ..
50
40
30
20
10
50
30
20
10
20
50
40
20
-f M
Lbs.
57
57
59^
58
57
571
574
57
58i
60
60
554
58^
56
58
57
56
56
56
57
58i
55
574
54
57
56
56
581
IIacaroxi Wheats.
Four varieties were sown alongside of the spring wheats in plots of one-fortieth of
an acre each. They were sown on April 18, seed being used in the proportion of one
and a-half bushels i>er acre. The injury from the midge in these varieties appears to
be as serious as it is to the ordinary milling wheats. There was no rust on any of
these plots.
Name of Variety.
IS
>> to
c« a
to
a
Character
of
Straw.
fcO
Kind
of
Head.
Weight
of
Straw.
Yield
per
Acre.
'3
a
^
h^
>J
^
In.
In.
Tons Lbs.
Lbs.
Yellow Gharnovka
Goose
Aug. 5
II 12
,1 14
M 16
119
116
118
120
42
48
47
48
Medium . .
Strong —
3
3i
3i
3i
Bearded . .
11
3 160
2 1,040
2 1,340
2 1,360
12 ..
11 ..
8 40
8 ..
60
57
Roumanian
Mahmoudi
57A
57'
408
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1908
EMMER AND SPELT.
Two varieties of Emmer and two of Spelt were sown this year on April 18 in plots
one-fortieth of an acre each. These were sown alongside of the spring wheats, but have
not suffered very much from the midge. Many samples of these varieties have been dis-
tributed throughout the provinces for test, especially in the interior, but they do not
appear to gain popularity and are seldom asked for a second time.
Name of Variety.
be
it
^ 3
o"§
1^
O rt
fcC
Character
of
Straw.
C
1-^
Kind
of
Head.
Weight
of
Straw.
Yield
per
Acre.
White Spelt
Aug. 14
„ 14
,, 12
„ 14
118
118
116
118
In.
38
38
40
38
Strong . . .
Weak ....
Strong . . .
In.
5
2
3i
3"
Beardless.
Bearded. .
Beardless.
Bearded. .
Tons Lbs.
2 1,720
2 1,360
2 1,820
2 1,840
Lbs.
1,900
1,840
Red Spelt
1,510
1,480
FALL RYE.
Four varieties of fall rye were sown on October 15 alongside of the fall wheats in
plots of similar size and grown under like conditions. The variety known as Thou-
sand Fold gave the heaviest crop. There was no ru.?t or smut on the grain in any of
these plots. The seed was sown at the rate of ninety pounds per acre.
Name of Variety.
ti)
.S
"c 53
12;
s
1-5
Character
of
Straw.
C
o
Kind
of
Head.
Weight
of
Straw.
Field
per
Acre,
n
Thousand Fold
.July 20
„ 20
M 22
„ 19
278
278
280
277
In.
60
70
66
GO
Stiff
In.
f
6
6
Bearded . .
Lbs.
7,600
8,800
8,200
7,200
47, 48
46 24
44 16
42 8
Lbs.
60
Mammoth White
581
mi
59
EXPERIMENTS WITH PEASE.
Thirty varieties of pease were tested. They were sown on a gravelly loam on a
clover sod which was ploughed in November of 1904 and repeatedly harrowed in March
and April before sowing. The pease were sown on plots of one-fortieth of an acre
each on April 18 in the proportion of two bushels of the small sorts and three bushels
of the larger pease per acre. The straw of all the varieties was clean and bright. As
will be seen by the following table the yields are fairly good in all cases, and the grain
was plump and very fine.
1
REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SEARPE
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Pease — Test of Varieties.
409
Name of ^'ariety.
Parap^on
English Grey
German White
Chancellor
Early Britain
Crown
White Marrowfat
Gregory
Macoun
Golden Vine
Victoria
Maclcay
White Wonder
Arthur
Carleton
Prince
Black-eyed Marrowfat
Mummy
Agnes .
Duke
Archer
Prince Albert
Wisconsin Blue
Pride
Nelson
Daniel O'Rourke
Pieton
Kent
Prussian Blue
Pearl
Aug.
Date
of
Ripen-
ing.
k^
Character
of
Growth.
14
4
8! 112
118 Strong.
108
1.0
119
111
119
114
112
115
Hi 115
10 114
116
114
114
111
lit)
lie
111
118
123
113
115 Medium
lll;.Stron
112i „
12! 110, Medium
4! 108 Strong,
10 114
9 113
8! 112
10 114
Length
of
Straw.
In.
60-64
54-58
50-52
48-52
50-52
50-54
42-48
50-52
54-60
58-60
50-54
56-60
60-64
48 50
65-70
36-42
50-54
48-52
56-60
54-58
48-52
46-50
50-56
56-60
48-50
52-58
50-54
50-52
44-48
72-76
03
Lbs.
6,640
6,720
5,560
5,840
5,720
5,840
5,560
6,160
6,640
e,400
5,760
5,840
6,480
5,360
6,720
5,640
5,280
6,360
6,440
5,960
5,840
6,080
5,680;
5,520:
6,120
6,720
5,840
5,240
5,840
5,280
In.
Size of Pea.
3 Medium
3 I „
2^: „
3'| „
3 I „
21 Small . .
2h Large . .
2i Medium
2h Large . .
2i Small .
3 i Medium
24| „
3 I „
2 1 Large . .
2h Medium
2i Large . .
3 I „
2|' Medium
2i' Large .
2i! „ ..
2^! Medium
2A;SmaU . .
2|
Large . .
Medium
Small . .
Medium
2i Large
2|j Medium
2| Large . .
Yield
3
per
Acre.
ug
>
^
3
^
Lbs.
«
^
50
65
50
01^
48
40
65
48
40
64
47
20
63
40
04J
43
40 ^
C4
43
20
65
43
10
641
42
40
65
42
20
64i
42
10
65r
42
10
65-
41
30
644
41
20
65
41
10
Mh
41
65
40
40
63|
40
30
Qbh
39
20
Uh
39
20
62i
38
30
65i
36
20
65
36
10
64
35
40
64i
35
20
65
34
65
28
40
64
28
65^
26
40
651
IXDIAX COEX.
Twenty-one varieties of Indian corn were grown for ensilage, in rows three feet
apart on a loamy soil. The cold wet spring retarded the growth. The dry hot weather
in July and August with constant cultivation kept it growing fast, but the weights of
crop are not equal to previous years, and ifi many cases the ears formed were very
small and the grain quite immature.
The yield has been calculated from the weight of crop grown on two rows each 66
feet long.
The test of corn sown at different distances apart wiis reijeated this year. As in
previous years, the crop was more matured and in better condition where the rows were
•wide apart, allowing the sun and air to have their full beneficial effect.
410
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
Corn — Test of Varieties.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Name of Variety.
Pride of the North
Thoroughbred White Flint
White Cap Yellow Dent . .
Giant Prolific Ensilage
Mammoth Cuban
Compton's Early
Early Butler
Red Cob Ensilage
Champion White Pearl
Superior Fodder
Longfellow
North Dakota White ....
Salzer's All Gold
Northern Dent
Early Mastodon
King Philip
Eureka
Cloud's Early Yellow
Selected Leaming
Angel of Midnight
Evergreen Sugar
Character
of
Growth.
Very strong,
Strong.
Aug.
ISSept.
28
20
26
22
10 Aug.
16
14
8
20
12
18
24
18
20
18
14
12
16
18
20
Sept.
Aug.
Sept.
Sept!
Sept!
O
Early milk.
< °
tc p
H
29
In silk i22
Early milk. . 122
Ears formed
Early milk. .
Late milk. . .
Early milk. .
Late milk. . .
Sept.
Sept!
22
21
20
20
19
19
Ears formed] 19
20|Roasting ear 18
26 Early mUk. . 18
..In silk 17
24 Early milk. . 16
26| ,, ..|l6
22 Roasting earil6
1,620
1,210
880
440
1,560
1,580
700
H
25
26
21
18
20
20
17
l,600jl9
940
720
960
In silk
Early milk. .
1,860
1,880
1,000
780115
1,90015
160 1 13
1,060'15
840:15
86012
1^
160
800
240
1,840
1,800
1,800
1,310
940
1,200
1,280
1,180
540
210
1,810
1,770
1,990
910
620
360
1,460
220
Corn Sown at Different Distances Apart.
Name of Variety.
Champion V/Lite Pearl.
Longfellow
Date
of
Sowing.
Character
of
Growth.
Selected Leaming.
April 18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
IS
18
18
Strong.
21
28
35
42
21
28
35
42
21
28
35
42
O
.lis
In. In.
21
28
35
42
21
28
35
42
21
28
35
42
Condition
when cut.
Early milk
Late milk.
Early milk
Late milk,
Early milk
Late milk.
Weight per
acre
grown in
rows.
Tons. Lbs.
28
21
19
17
21
17
17
14
18
14
13
10
380
1,560
67
410
618
837
343
1,1.^4
1,311
285
136
648
Weight per
acre
grown in
hills.
Tons. Lbs.
26
22
18
15
21
16
16
13
17
14
12
9
991
830
311
265
1,182
1,530
1,603
1,4.37
696
1,418
906
1,988
EXPERIMENTS AYITH FIELD EOOTS.
The land for the root crop was in clover in 1903 and two heavy crops were cut that
summer, and a heavy aftermath turned under in November. A dressing of stable
manure was given during the fall and winter, and mixed oats and peas sown in the
spring of 1904 along with about ten lbs. of clover seed. The oat crop was a fairly
good one and there was a splendid catch of clover to which was added a light dressing
of stable manure in the fall and the whole turned under in December, 1904. Early in
March, 1905, the harrow and disc were started, and these were used alternately every
week until the seed was sown. The first plots of sugar beets, carrots and mangels
were sown on April 12, and the second series of plots two weeks later, April 26, and
REPORT OF MR. TUOMAS A. SHARPE
411
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
both lots of all the varieties were pulled October 2Y and 30. The first plots of turnips
were sown !May 15, and the second series on May 29, and both were pulled October 30.
The cold wet weather of April and May prevented a free germination of the seed,
and in every case the stand was uneven, and the plants did not begin to grow vigor-
ously until well on in June. The lack of rain in the latter part of that month and
during July and August prevented a large yield. The yields per acre in all cases
have been calculated from the weights of roots obtained from two rows each sixty-six
feet long.
Turnips — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
1 Magnum Bonnm
2 Caiter's Elephant
3 Hartley's Bronze
4 Hall's Westbury
5 Mammoth Clyde
6 Selected Purple Top. . . .
7 Imperial Swede
8 East Lothian
9' Jumbo
10 New Century
11 Kangaroo.
12 Skirvings'
13 Elephant's Master
14 Good Luck
15 Bangholm Selected
16 Perfection Swede
17 Sutton's Champion . . .
18 Halewood's Bronze Top.
19 Emperor Swede
20 Drummond Purple Top.
Yield per Acre.
1st Plot.
2nd Plot.
Tons.
Lbs.
20
1,184
20
656
19
808
18
1,752
18
1,488
18
1,356
18
36
17
1,112
17
716
17
584
16
736
16
76
16
76
15
1,812
I 15
1,680
15
1,548
15
492
14
1,430
14
512
12
228
Bush. Lbs.
686
677
646
629
024
622
600
585
578
576
546
534
534
530
528
525
508
490
475
404
24
36
48
12
48
36
36
12
36
24
36
36
£6
12
48
12
36
12
48
Tons.
Lbs.
18
168
17
1,772
20
1,448
18
432
17
716
14
248
16
1,132
14
008
15
888
15
492
18
36
13
1,852
21
1,296
14
776
19
148
17
1,112
18
828
16
736
12
1,872
Bush. Lbs.
602
596
690
607
587
670
552
481
514
508
GOO
464
721
479
635
585
613
545
431
48
12
43
12
36
48
12
48
48
12
36
12
36
36
48
12
48
36
12
Maxgels — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
C4iaiit Sugar Mange ,
Prize ^lammotli Long Red
Lion Yellow Intermediate
Selected Yellow Globe
Leviathan Long Red
Gate Post
Giant Yellow Globe
Ideal
Half Long Sugar White
Giant Yellow Intermediate. . . .
Yellow Intermediate
Selected Mammoth Long Red.. .
Half Long Sugar Ror.y
Mammoth Long Red
Mammoth Yellow Intermediate
Triumph Yellow Globe
Prize Winner Yellow Globe. . . .
Yield per Acre.
1st Plot.
Tons.
Lbs.
26
800
24
ISO
23
22
1,916
1,936
22
1.934
20
1,7]2
20
1,580
20
656
18
18
1,884
1,752
18
18
16
1,660
1,588
736
16
76
15
624
13
664
12
1,872
2nd Plot.
Bush. Lbs. Tons. Lbs. Bush. Lb.s.
880
803
798
765
765
695
676
077
631
629
627
626
545
5.34
510
444
431
35
36
36
12
20
36
24
12
28
36
36
24
24
12
1,976
1,448
808
372
1,316
G36
472
1,000
1,224
1,940
676
1,152
1,984
492
116
1,608
268
699
690
646
706
688
710
541
660
620
532
644
519
466
508
468
426
437
36
48
48
12
36
36
12
24
24
36
12
24
12
36
48
48
412
EXPEBIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Carrots — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
1 Mammoth Whits Intermediate.
2 Improved Short White
3 Ontario Champion
4|Long Yellow Stump Rooted. . . .
5, New White Intermediate
6 Carter's Orange Giant
ZjEarly Gem
8| White Belgian
9|Giant White Vosges
10;Half-long Chantenay ...
lllKos Kirches
Yield
per
Acre .
1st Plot. 1
1
Tons
Lbs.
28
1,585
27
1,770
25
1,810
25
1,480
24
1,830
23
1,520
23
800
23
35
18
1,G20
17
1,300
13
1,885
Yield
per Acre.
1st riot.
Bush. Lbs.
950 45
929 30
863 30
858 ..
830 30
792 . .
781 ..
7G7 15
627 ..
588 20
4G4 45
Tons. Lbs.
Yield
per Acre .
2nd Plot.
26
26
22
25
23
20
21
21
17
16
13
1,130
1,790
1,045
160
365
1,745
1,395
390
485
1,660
565
Yield
per Acre.
2nd Plot.
Bush. Lbs.
885 30
896 30
750 45
836 ..
772 45
694 ..
723 15
706 10
574 45
561 . .
442 45
Sugar Beets — Test of Varieties.
Name of Variety.
Yield
per Acre.
1st Plot.
Royal Giant.
Improved Imperial. .
Red Top Sugar. .. .
Vilmorin's Improved
Wanzleben
French Very Rich . .
Danish Improved.. . .
Danish Red Top....
Tons. Lbs.
22
17
16
15
13
13
12
9
848
76
492
928
136
24
216
Yield
per Acre .
1st Plot.
Bush. Lbs.
734 48
580 48
531 36
508 12
448 48
435 36
400 24
303 36
Yield
per Acre .
2nd Plot.
Tons. Lbs.
20
15
14
14
12
11
13
1,976
1,548
64 i
1,832
150
1,232
4
368
Yield
per Acre.
2nd Plot.
Bush. Lbs.
699 36
525 48
477 24
497 12
402 36
387 12
433 24
272 48
EXPEEIMENTS WITH POTATOES.
Forty-four varieties of potatoes were tested this year. The soil w.as a sandy loam,
whicli had a crop of vetches turned under in the spring of 1904, and was planted with
corn ill the spring of 1904, receiving also a dressing of farm manure.
The com was a fair crop, and as soon as it was cut in September the stubble was
turned under and another light dressing of strawy manure spread over it and worked
into the soil with the spading harrow. It was repeatedly harrowed with the spade and
spike tooth harrows during March and April, and when the potatoes were planted on
April 29 the weed seeds near the surface had been fairly well sprouted and destroyed.
The potatoes were sprayed twice with bordeaux in July and the tops matured without
appearance of blight, some varieties being quite green when they were dug Septem-
ber 22. The season was too dry for such a light sandy soil, but the yields were fairly
good and the quality of the tubers excellent.
The yield has been calculated in each case from the weight of tubers dug from two
rows each sixty-six feet long.
REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Potatoes — Test of Varieties.
413
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
Name of Variety.
Late Puritan
Empire Stale
Dooley
American Giant
American Wonder. . .
Seedling No. 7
Daniel's Sensation . . .
Drear's Standard
Uncle Sam
Dakota Red
Carman No. 1
Vermont Gold Coin . .
Sutton's Invincible . .
Enormous
Country Gentleman . . .
Early St. George
Rose No. 9
I. XL
Irish Cobbler
Reeve's Rose
State of Maine
Bovee
Carman No. 3 . .
Maule's Thoroughbred
Sabean'a Elephant. . . .
Pearce
Penn Manor
Morgan Seedling
Early White Pnze ....
Holborn Abundance.. .
Delaware
Money Maker
Cambridge Russet. . . .
Vick's Extra Early. . .
Early Andes
Rochester Rose
Sutton's Supreme
Burnaby Mammoth . . .
Canadian Beauty ...
Early Rose
Swiss Snowfiake
Everett
Pingree
Early Envoy
Total
Yield per
Acre.
Bush. Lbs.
699 36
673 12
655 36
646 40
629 12
624 48
611 36
607 12
580 48
578 36
567 36
663 12
561 ..
556 36
545 36
536 48
532 24
528 ..
523 36
523 36
523 36
519 12
514 48
484 ..
484 ..
475 12
466 24
466 24
462 ..
457 36
448 48
431 12
409 12
404 48
396 ..
391 36
387 12
374 ..
352 .,
330 ..
312 24
296 24
228 48
211 12
Yield per
Acre
of Sound.
Bush. Lbs.
664 ..
640 ..
655 36
646 40
315 ..
624 48
611 36
607 12
555 48
578 36
537 36
533 12
536 ..
556 36
545 36
536 48
532 24
528 ..
523 36
523 36
500 ..
508 12
514 48
466 ..
484 ..
466 12
448 ..
446 ..
462 ..
435 ..
448 48
431 12
385 12
404 48
396 ..
391 36
387 12
359 ..
338 ..
330 .,
302 24
281 24
212 48
211 12
Yield per
Acre
of Rotten.
Bush. Lbs.
35 36
33 12
None
314 12
None
25
None.
30
30
25
None.
23 36
11
None
18
None
9
18 24
20 24
None. . . .
22 36
None
24
None.
None.
15
14
None.
10
15
16
None.
Yield
per
Acre of
Market-
able.
Bush. Lbs.
600
575
560
616
40
269
559
48
551
30
522
12
480
48
518
36
483
36
478
12
476
551
495
36
456
48
456
422
30
445
36
443
36
450
408
12
409
48
371
, ,
427
406
V2
355
3.j6
393
321
374
48
349
12
344
324
297
333
36
331
284
268
207
265
211
24
178
171
12
36
Yield per
Acre of
Unm.arket-
able.
Bush. Lbs.
64
65
95
30
46
65
60
85
75
60
54
55
50
55
50
80
76
105
78
80
50
100
105
95
57
60
93
90
69
114
74
82
41
80
99
58
56
75
70
66
37
70
45
40
Form and
Colour.
12
Long, white.
Long, flat, white.
Oblong, white.
Long, red.
Flat, white.
Long, white.
Round, white.
Long, red.
Round, white.
Long, white.
Oblong, white.
Long, flat, white.
Oblong, pink.
Oblong, red.
Long, flat, pink.
Round, white.
Long, rose.
Long, pink.
Long, rose.
Round, white.
Long, rose.
Long, white.
Long, red.
Long, pink.
Long, white.
Round, white.
Long, white.
Long, flat, russet
Round, ro.se.
Long, rose.
Oblong, rose.
Obrng,flat, white
Oblong, rose.
M white.
M red.
II white.
II pink and
white.
FODDER PLANTS.
The following forage plants were sown May 1 in plots of one-fortieth of an acre
each.
As in previous years the millets are not very successful when compared with any
of the mixtures of the common grains.
Plots one to six were sown May 1 and cut September 28 and 29.
Millets —
Plot 1. — ^White rounde. — Stalks, 18 to 24 inches, not leafy; heads 2 to 2^ inches
long. Yield when cut, 2 tons 1,430 lbs. per acre.
Plot 2, Hungarian grass, stalks, 18 to 26 inches long, heads 2 to 4 inches, an
even stand, but short. Weight when cut, 2 tons 960 lbs. per acre.
414 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD Vli., A. 1906
Plot 3. — Italian, a thin poor stand, stalks, 22 to 28 inches long; heads, 4 to 5
inches long. Weight when cut, 2 tons 1,320 lbs. per acre.
Plot 4. — Green Califoniian, stalks, 14 to 22 inches long, quite leafy; heads short
and poor. Weight when cut, 1 ton 1,860 lbs. per acre.
Plot 5. — Algerian, stalks, 22 to 28 inches long, quite leafy; heads 3 to 5 inches
long; a very thin stand. Weight when cut, 1 ton 1,910 lbs. per acre.
Plot 6. — Pearl, a poor stand; stalks, 26 to 36 inches long, not leafy; heads
IJ to 2 inches long. Weight when cut, 1 ton 780 lbs. per acre.
Plot 7. — Soja Beans, sown May 1 and cut September 29 ; drills 21 inches apart, an
even stand, but not as leafy nor as well podded as in previous years; length of stalk, 24
inches and of pod 1 to 1:} inches, not well branched. Weight when cut, 4 tons 640 lbs.
per acre.
Plot 8. — Soja beans sown in drills 28 inches apart; sown May 1 and cut Sep-
tember 29. Stall<s 28 to 30 inches long, fairly well branched and well podded; weight
when cut, 4 tons 1,360 lbs. per acre.
Plot 9. — Soja beans sown 35 inches apart, very branching and leafy; pods 1 to IJ
inches long and well filled with beans, commencing to harden when cut ; weight, 4 tons
840 lbs. per acre.
SUNFLOWERS.
A)' quarter of an acre was sown in drills three feet apart and thinned to six inches
in the drill. They made an even stand and grew from 6 to 8 feet high, with medium
large heads.
CLOVER VERSUS CORN FOR ENSILAGE.
In this climate where clover grows so remarkably well and where early June wea-
ther is as a rule very wet, clover is a much safer crop if put into the silo than if cured
tor hay. The results of a test were given in my report for last year. This year the
lest was repeated on a heavier piece of land that has been unisr cultivation slnoe
shortly after the farm was opened, and was in better condition, and as a consequence
t]]e dry autumn has not had such an effect as it did on the clover last year, there being
not only a good second crop, but a fairly heavy third crop, which was cut for feed dur-
ing the last half of September. The results are as follows : —
First crop cut on June 5, 6 and 7 and weighed as taken from the field with no
rain or dew on it. The second crop was cut July 20 and 21, and the third crop was cut
from Sept. 16 and fed as needed. This land is a sandy loam underlaid with gravel, and
clover sod has been turned under repeatedly in the last twelve years, making the top
six inches fairly rich in humus, and thus well adapted to carry a crop successfully over
a moderate drouth : —
Tons. Lbs.
The first cutting yielded 14 1,160
The second " 11 1,950
The third " 6 480
32 1,590
This makes a better yield than our heaviest corn crop and at a very much clieaper
rate per ton, as there is much less cost handling the clover from the beginning until it
i^ safely in the silo. No cultivation is necessary during the spring or summer and no
special machinery is required to put the clover into the silo as is the case with corn.
REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE 415
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
CLOVER EXPERI]\rEiS[TS.
So much attention lias been called to the n-ecessity or usefulness of treatment of
clover and alfalfa seed with special cultures of bacteria that it was thought desirable
that an experiment be tried with seed treated and untreated of common red clover and
alfalfa.
A quantity of seed of these legnmes, both treated and untreated, was received from
the Central Experimental Farm, for a test of this nature on the soil of this farm. The
land chosen for this test has been under cultivation since 1894 and has been dressed
several times with barnyard manure and has had after-growth of red clover turned
under five times. The last time was in the fall of 1903, when a heavy growth of clover
was turned under and a dressing of about ten tons per acre of farm yard manure
applied during the winter following and thoroughly worked into the soil in spring and
a crop of roots raised in 1904.
The land was lightly ploughed and harrowed early this spring and a haK acre was
seeded with inoculated alfalfa seed at the rate of twenty-five lbs. per acre, and the ad-
joining half acre sown with untreated seed at the same rate. Adjoining plots of half
an acre each were sown with treated and untreated red clover at the rate of 12 lbs. per
acre. A half bushel of barley per acre was sown broadcast at the same time, not as a
nurse crop, but to be useful as a guide to the mower, and the plots were clipped off sev-
eral times during the summer, the clippings being left as a mulch.
The growth has been very good on all the plots, but up to the present time no dif-
ference is apparent, which in the case of the red clover is quite natural as clover has
always done remarkably well on this field.
Another season will perhaps show what effect the culture has on the alfalfa, which
has failed on two previous occasions.
SUMMARY OE CROPS.
Tons. Lbs.
Hay. 47 500
Clover in silo. 67 1,300
Corn in silo 33 1,100
Turnips 38 1,600
Carrots 5 200
Mangels 4 1,600
Potatoes 6 280
Wheat ^ 587
GARDEN VEGETABLES.
Beets. — Sown April 4.
Early Blood Turnip. Eit for table, July 5. Crisp, sweet, fine flavoured; dark red.
Egyptian. Fit for table, July 5. An even, rapid grower; crisp, fine flavour; dark
red.
Nutting's Dwarf Improved. Fit for table, July 10. Fine grained; good quality.
Long Smooth Blood Red. Fit for table September. Very fine quality; sweet,
crisp; a good keeper.
Beans. — Sown April 14.
Dwarf Golden Skinless. Fit for table, July 10. Very productive; pods from 2 J
to 4 inches; crisp; good quality.
416 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Dwarf Extra Early, Fit for table, July 10. Pods 2 to 4 inches; crisp; tender;
good quality.
Dwarf Matchless. Fit for table, July 13. Productive; pods 3 to 5 inches; crisp;
fine flavour.
Fame of Vitry. Fit for table, July 17. Strong grower; productive; pods 4 to 6
inches long; crisp; tender, good.
Dwarf Emperor of Russia. Fit for table, July 17. Bushy, strong grower; pods
4 to 5 inches; very productive; crisp, fine flavour.
Dwarf Black Speckled. Fit for table, July ^O. Bushy; productive; pods 4 to
6 inches; crisp, juicy, good.
Parsnips. — Sown April 4.
Round Parsnips. Productive ; very good quality.
Maltese. Tender; fine grained, good quality.
Garden Pease. — Sown April 10.
American Wonder. Fit for table, June 18. Pods long and well filled; sweet, fine
flavoured, productive."
Nott's Exclesior. Fit for table, June 22. Productive; good quality.
Cabbage.
The seed was sown in beds in open ground April 4, and the plants were set out on
May 25. All of the plants grew and headed well. Notwithstanding the hot, dry
weather, but when the wet weather came in September, very many heads burst, and
some began to grow again.
Paris Market. Fit for use, July 15. Heads medium size, firm, good.
Express. Fit for use July 15. Heads small; medium solid; crisp; fine flavoured.
Early Jersey Wakefield, July 18. Heads medium sized; solid; crisp, good.
Extra Early Midsummer Savoy. Fit for use, July 20. Heads medium; rather
open; good quality.
Early Winnigstadt. Fit for use, August 14. Heads not very solid, but quality
good.
Green Globe Savoy. Fit for use, September 5. Heads medium sized; solid; good
quality.
Fottler's Improved Brunswick. Fit for use, October 3. Heads large, solid, crisp,
good.
Cauliflower.
Early Snowball. Fit for use, July 25. Heads large, firm, very good.
Broccoli.
Extra Early White. Fit for table, August 20. Heads large, firm ; delicate flavour.
Brussels Sprouts.
Improved Dwarf; vigorous growth; tender, good.
1. — Variegated Negundo Maple.
3. — Hydrangea, Blue.
Photo, hy C. E. Saunders.
2.— Crown Acacia.
4.— Deodar Cedar.
REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE 417
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Radishes. — Sow'ii April 5.
Early Scarlet Turnip. Fit for use, May 3. Crisp, good.
Olive Shaped Scarlet. Fit for use. May 7. Crisp, good.
Scarlet White-tipped Turnip. Fit for use. May 8. Crisp, very good.
Lettuce. — Sown April 9.
Paris White Cos. Fit for table. May 15. Tender; crisp, fine flavoured.
Cabbage Lettuce.
All the Year Round. Fit for table. May 25. Tender, crisp, very good quality.
Table Carrots. — Sown April 4.
French Horn. Fit for table, June 4. Crisp, good quality.
Luc Half Long. Fit for table, July 2. Very good.
Long Blood Red. Fit for table, July 8. Crisp, good.
<^
Table Turnips. — Sown April 4.
Extra Early White Milan. Fit for table, June 5. A rapid grower; crisp; very
good.
Early Stone. Fit for table June 8. Crisp; sweet, good.
Early White Strap-leaved. Fit for table, June 10. Crisp, good.
Yellow Robertson's Golden Ball. Fit for table, June 12. Fine flavour; very good.
Onions. — Sown April 4.
Large Red Weathersfield. Solid; fine grained; i)roductive; a good keeper.
Trebon. Large, mild; a little inclined to make thick necks.
Market Favourite. Medium in size; thin skinned; very good.
Paris Silver Skin. Small, medium; thin skinned; mild flavoured; a good keeper;
productive.
Pumpkins.
Winter Luxury. Small; russet orange colour; medium deep fine grained flesh;
productive, a good keeper.
Jonathan. Small; solid, meaty; good quality; good keeper, but not productive.
Japan Crookneck pumpkin. Five inches by 9 inches; green and orange; not of
much account.
Mammoth King. Large, oblate; 12 to 14 inches from stem to blossom; 20 to 24
inches in diameter; flesh 2 inches thick, rich orange; moderately productive.
New Japanese Pie. Five inches from stem to blossom ; 12 to 14 inches in diameter ;
fairly solid; good quality.
Nantucket or Negro. Large, oblong; solid, deep fleshed; fair quality.
Calhoun. Small, oblate; bright orange; flesh deep; fair quality; good keeper, but
not productive.
Grey Mammoth. Very large, oblong ; greyish green ; solid ; heavy ; not productive.
Large Yellow Field. Large, oblong; solid; good quality; a good keeper.
16—27
418 EXPERIMENTAL FAKMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Squash. — Planted April 26.
Fordhook. Vines long; productive; squash 8 to 11 inches long, 3 to 5 inches
across; flesh thick, firm, sweet, good.
Hubbard. Productive, but small this year on account of drought; quality very
good.
Long "Wliite Bush Marrow. Productive; squash 10 to 14 inches long, 3 to 4 in
width; not very good quality.
Essex Hybrid. Vines long and productive; squash large and fine flavoured.
Mammoth Whale. Productive but small on account of drought; good for stock.
Long White English Vegetable Marrow. Vines long and productive; squash 10
to 18 inches in length; very fine quality,
Cocoanut. Vines long and productive; squash small, round, deeply ribbed; dry
and sweet; quality very fine.
Delicata. Vines long and productive; solid, dry, sweet, good; quality, very fine;
a very good keeper.
Cocozelle. Vines short and productive; squash 16 to 30 inches in length, 4 to G
in diameter; often crooked; not very good quality; rather watery.
Marblehead. Moderately productive; not very good quality.
Delicious. Productive; 4 to 8 inches in length, 6 to 8 in diameter; solid, dry,
sweet; very fine quality.
Silver Custard. Vines short; very productive; good summer squash.
Turban Squash. Vines long and productive; good size for sort; good, dry, sweet.
Perfect Gem. Vines long and prodvictive; squash as large as a cocoanut; very good
quality.
Golden Bronze. Productive; as large as the Hubbard; solid, deep, orange flesh;
sweet, dry and fine flavoured.
Extra Early Orange Marrow. Productive; flesh solid, bright orange; not so dry
as some others.
White Croockneck. Vines long and productive; flesh thin; not fine flavoured or
sweet.
Bay State. Vines long and productive; squash small; flesh thin, orange in colour;
sweet, fine flavoured.
English Vegetable Marrow. Productive; solid; sweet, good quality.
Brazilian Sugar. Vines long and productive; squash small, oblong; not solid or
fine flavoured.
SA]\IPLES DISTEIBUTED.
Scions and cuttings packages 186
3-lb. samples or seed pota':oes 203
3-lb. oats 173 '
3-lb. pease 161
3-lb. spring wheat 56
3-lb. barley 74
Nut and tree seeds *. . . . 374
1,227
COBRESPONDENCE.
Letters received, 3,187; letters despatched, 2,953.
REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE 419
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
COMMERCIAL ORCHARDS.
A beginning was made this year towards ascertaining the profits of apple growing
in this climate by planting a small commercial apple orchard. The following varieties
were selected as among those which have been most successfully grown, and other sorts
will be added from time to time : — King, Wagener, Monmouth Pippin, Sutton Beauty,
Salome, Jonathan, Mother, Ontario, and Grimes' Golden. They were planted 30 feet
apart each way, twelve trees of each sort being planted, thus making very nearly a
quarter of an acre devoted to each variety. Land is being prepared for similar test
orchards of plums, pears and cherries, and it is expected that a beginning in all of these
will be made next spring.
APPLES.
The spring was unusually cold and wet and several light frosts occurred during
the blossoming i>eriod. These unfavourable conditions prevented a full crop and many
varieties failed to set fruit. The season later on was bright and warm and the quality
of the fruit which did grow was very fine. The following short description of varieties
includes a good many which fruited in 1904, but could not be described in the report
for that year because they were not yet in season when the report was written: —
Cardinal. — Fruit above medium size, conical. Stem long and slender, cavity deep
and wide, with considerable russet. Calyx large, open. Basin deep and wide. Skin
clear, bright yellow, handsomely striped and splashed with, bright red. Elesh white,
juicy, tender, pleasant, mild sub-acid, or nearly sweet. Season early August.
Miller's Bellefloiver. — Fruit above medium size, somewhat oblate, tapering a little
to the eye. Stem short. Cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small closed. Ba.sin narrow,
shallow and corrugated. Skin dull yellow nearly covered with dull red and sprinkled
with gray dots. Flesh yellowish, firm, not juicy, sweet with a pleasa'nt flavour. Sea-
son August.
Thistlevmit. — Tree a strong grower and an early bearer. Fruit of medium size,
oblong, conical. Stem medium in length, slender, cavity wide and deep. Calyx small,
open. Basin wide and shallow^ Skin golden yellow, streaked and splashed with red in
two shades. Fle.sh whitish, tender, juicy, mildly sub-acid, with a pleasant agreeable
flavour. Promising. Season 'August and early September.
Banhs' Bed Grave nstein. — Yery similar to the common Gravenstein but with more
colour. It closely resembles in every respect the Red Gravenstein of Germany. Season
last of August and September.
Malcolm Dunn. — Fruit of medium size, oblate, conical, somewhat [irregularly rib-
bed. Stem short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small and oi)en. Basin deep and
narrow, corrugated. Skin greenish yellow, with, a dull red blush on the sunny side.
Flesh rather coarse, whitish, juicy, mild and pleasantly acid. Season September.
Vrai Drap d'Or. — Fruit of medium size, roundish, somewhat flattened. Stem
short, cavity "narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide and deep. Skin dull
golden yellow, with a few brown specks. Flesh yellowish, juicy, crisp, pleasant, mildly
acid. Season September and October.
Nol}le Sovarie. — Fruit of medium size or below, roundish, somewhat ribbed. Stem
of medium length, cavity wide and medium, deep. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and
deep, corrugated. Skin greenish yellow, with, a small reddish blush on the sunny side.
Flesh whitish, juicy, mildly sub-acid, a fine cooking apple. Season September.
16— 27i
420 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Rivers Early Peach. — Fruit of medium size, oblate. Stem long and slender, cavity
deep and wide. Calyx small, open. Basin shallow and narrow. Skin greenish yellow,
with a dull red cheek. Flesh white, soft, tender, juicy, with a very pleasant flavour,
mildly acid. Season September.
Cohham. — Fruit of medium size, conical. Stem short, cavity round, deep and
narrow. Calyx small, partly open. Basin shallow and wide. Skin greenish yellow,
with stripes and patches of red in two shades, and sprinkled with a few yellow dots.
Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately juicy, sweet, with a fine flavour. Season October and
November.
Coucliine. — Fruit below medium size, globular. Stem long, cavity moderately
deep and wide. Calyx small, closed. Basin small and flat. Skin yellowish green,
splashed with dull red on the sunny side, and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh white,
juicy, mild, pleasantly sub-acid. Season October and November.
Be Prince. — Fruit medium to large, roundish oblong. Stem short and slender,
cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small and closed. Basin wide and deep. Skin greenish
yellow, with a red cheek. Flesh yellowish, juicy, tender, crisp, mild, pleasantly acid,
with a fine flavour. Season October and November.
Home of Kent. — Fruit medium to large, roundish, cojiical. Stem long, cavity
moderately deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide and flat. Skin yellow, striped with
red on the sunny side. Flesh whitish yellow, crisp, juicy and pleasantly sub-acid, a
fine cooking apple. Season October and November.
Farmer's Seedling. — Fruit medium to large, oblong, conical, ribbed. Stem short,
cavity small aiid deep. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and moderately deep. Skin
greenish yellow, with dots and splashes of dull red. Flesh white, firm, crisp, moderately
juicy, mildly sub-acid, of good flavour, a good cooking apple. Season October and
November,
King of Pippins. — Fruit small to medium, conical. Stem of medium length,
cavity deep and wide. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and of medium depth. Skin
russet yellow with a reddish cheek. Flesh firm, moderately juicy, sprightly and acid.
Season October and November.
Cherry Pearmain. — Fruit medium to small, roundish, conical. Stem short, cavity
narrow and shallow. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and shallow. Skin pale green-
ish yellow, with a reddish cheek. Flesh yellowish white, tender, juicy, mildly sub-acid.
Season October and November.
Lord Grosvenor. — Fruit above medium size, oblate. Stem short, cavity narrow and
shallow. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and shallow, corrugated. Skin yellow, mottled
and splashed with spots of red. Flesh white, juicy, tender, sprightly acid, with a fine
pleasant flavour. Season October and November.
Histon Favourite. — Fruit below medium size, roundish, conical. Stem short, cavity
deep and narrow. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide and shallow. Skin a bright, clear
yellow, splashed and streaked on the sunny side with bright red. Flesh firm, juicy,
white, mild and pleasantly acid. Season October and November,
Surpri'Se. — Fruit of medium size, roundish, flat. Stem short, cavity narrow and
deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and deep. Skin yellow, with a bright red
blush in the sun. Flesh whitish, moderately juicy, and mildly acid, sometimes stained
with red. Not of much value. Season October and November.
REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPS 421
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Eeinette d'Autumn d'Wilkenhurg. — Fruit of medium size, globular. Stem sb.ort,
cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide and shallow. Skin greenish
yellow, somewhat russeted and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh yellowish, moderately
juicy, firm, pleasa^ntly sub-acid, with a rich flavour. Season October and November.
Eeinette Etoilee. — Fruit of medium size, conical. Stem short, cavity of medium
depth, narrow. Calyx large, open. Basin shallow and wide. Skin yellow, nearly over-
spread with red and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh white, crisp, juicy, mild and
pleasantly sub-acid. Season October and November.
Mdlle. Jeannie Hardy. — Fruit large, conical, handsome, very similar in tree and
fruit to Alexa^nder.
North Star. — Fruit above medium in size, roundish, conical. Stem short, cavity
narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin deep and wide. ,Skin yellow with a dull
red cheek. Flesh yellowish, crisp, fairly juicy, pleasantly sub-acid, a good cooking ap-
ple. Season October and November.
Oherdieh's Pearmain. — Fruit large, oblong, tapering from the middle to both stalk
and eye. Stem short, stout, cavity narrow and shallow. Calyx large open. Basin nar-
low land shallow. Skin greenish yellow with a few gray specks about the stem. Flesh
coarse, breaking, mildly sub-acid and of a pleasant flavour. Season October and
?Sovember.
Plate de Parson. — Fruit of medium size, roundish. Stem long, slender, cavity
narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and shallow. Skin greenish
yellow, sprinkled sparsely with gray dots. Flesh white, juicy, firm, nearly sweet with
a pleasant flavour. Season November.
Nathusius Tauhenapfel. — Fruit of medium size, oblong, conical. Stem short,
cavity narrow and shallow. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and deep. Skin green-
ish yellow with small patches of red on the sunny side. Flesh white, juicy, crisp, mild
and pleasantly sub-acid. Season November.
Moyenvre. — Fruit above medium size, oblate, conical. Stem short, cavity deep and
wide. Calyx large, partly open. Basin deep, wide and ribbed. Skin yellow, nearly
covered with dull red. Flesh whitish, crisp, juicy, pleasantly acid, with a fine flavour.
Season November.
Ostfriesischer Calvill. — Fruit of medium size, conical and prominently ribbed.
Stem short, cavity deep, narrow and ribbed. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow, deep
ond corrugated. Skin greenish yellow with a small blush on the sunny side. Flesh
coarse-grained, not very juicy, mild and pleasantly sub-acid. Season November.
Royal Pearmain. — Fruit of medium size, roundish, tapering to the eye. Stem
short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide and ribbed. Skin
russet yellow with a red blush and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh yellowish, crisp,
juicy, mildly acid with an aromatic flavour. Season November and December.
Bamhour Papeten. — Fruit of medium size, oblate, tapering to the eye. Stem of
medium length, cavity small. Calyx large, closed. Basin deep and wide. Skin yellow,
splashed with red nearly over the whole surface. Flesh yellowish white, a little coarse,
breaking, sprightly, pleasantly acid. Season November and December.
Boyal d'Angleterre. — Fruit above medium in size, roundish, tapering a little to the
eye. Stem short, cavity deep and narrow. Calyx small, closed. Basin deep, wide and
corrugated. Skin russet yellow with a pinkish blush and sprinkled with golden dots.
422 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Flesh yellowish, crisp, rich, juicy, mildly sub-acid, with a rich and pleasant aromatic
flavour. Season November and December.
Kinnaird's Choice. — Fruit of UTedium size, roundish. Stem short, cavity narrow
and shallow. Calyx small, closed. Basin shallow and small. Skin yellow, nearly cov-
ered with bright red. Flesh yellowish, crisp, juicy, mild and pleasantly sub-acid,
slightly aromatic. Skin very tender and inclined to scab. Season November and
December.
Winter Quarrenden. — Fruit of medium size, round, flat. Stem short, cavity wide
and deep and russeted about the stem. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide, shallow, cor-
rugated. Skin yellow, nearly covered with dark, dull red. Flesh white, juicy, crisp,
mild and agreeably acid with a pleasant flavour. Season November to February.
Borsos Alma. — Fruit below medium in size, globular, slightly conical. Stem
short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and shallow. Skin
greenish yellow, with a few small patches of red. Flesh white, juicy, mild and
pleasantly acid. Season November and December.
Baron Ward. — Fruit of medium size, roundish, oblate. Stem short, cavity narrow
and deep. Calyx small, open. Basin small and shallow. Skin yellow, mottled with
pale red on the sunny side. Flesh yellowish, not juicy, mildly acid. Season November
and December.
White Spanish. — Fruit of medium size, slightly conical. Stem short, ca^^ity narrow
and deep. Calyx small, closed. Skin pale yellow, sprinkled with light dots. Flesh
yellowish white, juicy, mildly acid, with a fine pleasant flavour. Season November
to January.
Reinette .Coulon. — Fruit medium to large, roundish, oblate, tapering slightly to
the eye. Stem short, cavity deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin deep and wide. Skin
yellow with a red cheek and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh whitish, crisp and sprightly
acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season November and December.
Cowarne Queening. — Fruit of medium size, conical. Stem short, cavity narrow
and deep. Calyx small and open. Basin small. Skin yellow, nearly covered with dull
red, and sprinkled with yellow dots. Flesh white, tender, juicy, mild and pleasantly
acid. Season November and December.
Amelia. — Fruit of medium size, roundish, conical. Stem short, cavity wide and
deep. Calyx of medium size, closed. Basin shallow, narrow and corrugated. Skin
yellow, splashed with bright red. Flesh white, firm, fine grained, juicy, mildly and
pleasantly acid. Season November and December.
Reinette Dure. — Fruit below medium size, oblate. Stem short, cavity deep. Calyx
large, open. Basin wide and shallow. Skin russet, with a dull red cheek. Flesh white,
fine grained, juicy, of a mild pleasantly sub-acid character. Season November and
December.
Alfriston. — Fruit large, roundish, slightly ribbed, and tapering a little from base
to eye. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx large» open. Basin wide, shallow and cor-
rugated. Skin greenish yellow. Flesh yellowish white, crisp, juicy, sprightly, a good
cooking apple. Season November and December.
Clay gate Pear main. — Fruit of medium size, roundish, conical. Stem slender,
cavity wide and shallow. Calyx small, partly open. Basin deep and wide. Skin
russet yellow, with a reddish cheek. Flesh yellowish, tender, moderately juicy, mild
and pleasantly acid, with a good aromatic flavour. Season November to January.
REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE 423
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
De Geai. — Fruit medium to small, roundish, oblate. Stem short, cavity narrow
and shallow. Calyx large, closed. Basin large. Skin greenish, with a few streaks of
dull red and a whitish bloom. Flesh firm, white, juicy, mildly sub-acid, with a pleasant
flavour, but too small. Season November and December.
Boiiton d'Or. — Fruit small, roimd. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx large, open.
Basin deep and wide. Skin golden yellow, with a small red cheek and a few white dots.
Flesh white, crisp, juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Season Xovember and
December.
Ferdinand GaiUard. — Fruit below medium size, conical. Stem short, cavity deep.
Calyx large, open. Basin deep and wide. Skin russet, golden yellow, with small dots
f.nd patches of red on the sunny side. Flesh white, firm, crisp, juicy, sprightly and
pleasantly acid. Season November and December.
Forest No. 1. — Fruit medium to large, globular, flattened. Stem short, cavity wide
and deep. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide deep and ribbed. Skin greenish yellow,
with a small red cheek and a few white dots. Flesh white, firm, juicy, mildly sub-acid.
Season November to January.
Josepliine Kreuter. — Fruit of medium size, oblong, conical. Stem short, cavity
shallow and wide. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and deep. Skin greenish yellow,
splashed and streaked with red and sprinkled with golden dots. Flesh yellowish, crisp,
fine grained, juicy, sub-acid, with a fine pleasant flavour. Season November and
December.
Isherwood. — Fruit below medium size, oblong, conical. Stem short, cavity small.
Calyx small, closed. Basin deep and wide. Skin clear golden yellow, with a bright red
cheek. Flesh yellowish white, crisp, firm, juicy, mildly sub-acid, core large and open.
Season November and December.
Reinette doree de Versailles. — Fruit of medium size, roundish. Stem short, cavity
small. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and deep. Skin russet colden, with many
gray dots. Flesh white, fine grained, tender, juicy, sub-acid, with a rich aromatic
flavour. Season November and December.
Reinette Wadhurst. — Fruit above medium size, roundish, conical. Stem short,
cavity small. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin yellow, splashed with red on
the sunny side. Flesh yellowish, crisp, moderately juicy and acid. Season November
and December.
Forest. — Fruit small, roundish, flattened. Stem long, cavity deep and narrow.
Calyx small, closed. Basin shallow. Skin yellow with a few gray dots and a dull red
cheek. Flesh yellowish, crisp, moderately juicy and pleasantly sub-acid. Season Nov-
ember and December.
Royal Late. — Fruit medium to large, oblong, conical, slightly ribbed. Stem short,
cavity narrow and deep. Calyx large, closed. Basin deep and wide. Skin dull yel-
lowish green, with many whitish dots. Flesh whitish, firm, a little coarse, juicy, plea-
santly sub-acid. Season November and December.
Reinette Musque. — Fruit below medium size, flat, globular. Stem of medium
length, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin yellowish
green, with a red cheek and russet about the stem and calyx. Flesh white, juicy, fine
grained, with a rich aromatic flavour, but withers and becomes leathery before the end
of December. Season November and early in December.
424 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Eeinette de Foiirniere. — Fruit small, conical. Stem long, cavity deep and narrow.
Calyx large, open. Basin flat and shallow. Skin russet, sprinkled with brown dots.
Flesh yellowish, firm, juicy, mild and pleasantly acid. Season November and Decem-
ber.
Mclndoe's Russet. — Fruit of medium size, oblate, angular, tapsring to the eye.
Stem short, cavity narrow and shallow. Calyx large, opon. Basin wide and shallow.
Skin dull russet green, with many brown dots. Flesh whitish, coarse^ not juicy, mildly
acid, a cooking apple. Season November and December.
Old Winter Nonpareil. — Fruit small, roundish. Stem short, cavity narrow, and
deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. .Skin russet bronze with a dull red cheek.
Flesh crisp, juicy, mildly sub-acid with a rich aromatic flavour. Season November and
December.
Winter Pearmain. — Fruit of medium size, roundish, conical. Stem short, cavity
deep and narrow. Calyx of medium size and closed. Basin wide and deep. Skin
greenish yellow with a deep reddish blush in the sun. Flesh yellowish, firm, crisp,
moderately juicy with a fine aromatic flavour. Season November and December.
President Gaudy. — Fruit of medium size, oblate and deeply ribbed. Stem short,
cavity small. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide and deep and deeply corrugated. Skin
russet yellow with a dull red cheeE Flesh yellowish, juicy, of a pleasant mild sub-
acid character with a fine flavour. Season November and December.
Norfolk Bearer. — Fruit of medium size, oblate, conical. Stem short, cavity
small. Calyx small, closed. Basin deep and ribbed. Skin pale yellow, splashed and
mottled with red in the sun. Flesh whitish yellow, tender, juicy, pleasantly sub-acid,
a good cooking apple. Season November and January.
Pine Golden Pippin. — Fruit of medium size, oblate. Stem long, slender, cavity
narrow and deep. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and shallow. Skin dull yellow with
russet about the stem and a red cheek. Flesh yellowish, not juicy, mildly acid, of poor
quality. Season December.
Posson de France. — Fruit of medium size, oblong, conical. Stem short, cavity nar-
row and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and deep. Skin greenish yellow with
a little red. Flesh white, crisp, moderately juicy, without much flavour. Season De-
cember.
Pryor's Red. — Fruit below medium size globular. Stem short, cavity narrow and
deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin greenish-yellow nearly overspread
with streaks and patches of dull red, and sprinkled with white dots. Flesh yellowish,
tender, juicy, pleasantly acid, with a rich, fine flavour. Season December and January.
Peffer. — Fruit below medium size, globular. Stem long. Cavity narrow and
deep. Calyx small, open. Basin wide and shallow. Skin yellow with a bright red
cheek. Flesh white, tender, juicy and mildly acid. Season December and January.
Eeinette Clochard. — Fruit of meidium size, oblate. Stem short. Cavity narrow
and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin greenish yellow with a dull red
cheek and many whitish dots. Flesh white, crisp, not very juicy and mildly sub-acid.
Season December and January.
Prince Anatol Gazarine. — Fruit of medium size, conical. Stem long. Cavity
deep and wide. Calyx large, open. Basin smalL Skin yellow russet with a red cheek
i
REl'ORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE 425
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
and many greenish russet dots, and russet about the steam. Flesh j-ellowish, firm,
juicy, mildly acid with a fine pleasant flavour. Season December to January.
Eeinette Luisante. — Fruit below medium size, globular. Stem slender and long.
Cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin clear yellow with
a blush on sunny side. Flesh firm, moderately juicy, moderately sub-acid, with a rich
and pleasant flavour. Season December and January.
Beinette a Chair Vert. — Fruit below medium, globular. Stem medium. Cavity
small. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide and flat. Skin clear, golden yellow, with a
few whitish dots. Flesh white, juicy, crisp, with a rich spicy flavour, mildly sub-acid,
withers and becomes leathery in January. Season December and January.
Beinette de Fromm. — Fruit medium, large, conical. Stem short. Cavity narrow
and deep. Calyx large, open. Basin deep and wide. Skin golden yellow with a few
russet dots and a little russet about the stem. Flesh yellowish, medium juicy, mild,
pleasant, sub-acid. Season December and January.
Beinette de Mauss. — Fruit medium size, conical. Stem short. Cavity large.
Calyx small, closed. Basin wide and deep. Skin greenish yellow with a red cheek and
sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh whitish juicy, mild, pleasant, acid, fine flavour. Sea-
son December and January.
Beinette doree de Deitz. — Frviit small, globular. Stem long. Cavity narrow and
deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide and shallow. Skin clear yellow with a red
blush and many gray dots. Flesh yellowish, fine grained, crisp, juicy, aromatic, sub-
acid, pleasant. Season December and January.
Bayee d'Hiver. — Fruit of medium size, oblate. Stem short. Cavity deep and
wide. Calyx small, closed. Basin small, corrugated. Skin greenish yellow, striped
with bright red and sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh yellowish, juicy, mildly sub-acid,
with a fine flavour. Season December and January.
Beinette de Saintonge. — Fruit small, conical. Stem short. Cavity small.
Calyx small. Basin small, closed. Skin russet with many golden russet dots. Flesh
white, juicy, mildly acid with a pleasant flavour. Season December and January.
Nausemond Beauty. — Fruit below medium size, conical. Stem of medium length.
Cavity large. Calyx medium. Basin wide and deep. Skin clear yellow, nearly cov-
ered with streaks and patches of bright red. Flesh white, fine grained, juicy, tender,
mildly acid. Season December to March.
Sharp's Beinette. — Fruit small, conical. Stem short. Cavity narrow and deep.
Calyx small. Basin closed, wide and shallow. Skin yellow, nearly covered with deep
red and a few golden dots. Flesh yellowish, moderately juicy, firm with a rich aro-
matic flavour, mildly sub-acid. Season December to March.
Siueet Pipl-a. — Fruit small, oblate. Stem long. Cavity narrow and deep. Calyx
large, closed. Basin wide. Skin greenish yellow with a slight blush. Flesh white,
not juicy, sweet. Season winter.
Vicar of Beighton. — Fruit large, oblong, globular, ribbed. Stem short, stout,
cavity deep and wide. Calyx large, closed. Basin small. Skin greenish yellow with
a red cheek. Flesh yellowish white, moderately juicy, sprightly with a pleasant acidity,
a good cooking apple. Season December and January.
Fraise d'Hoffinger. — Fruit above medium size, globular. Stem short, cavity
narrow and shallow. Calyx small, open. Basin wide and deep. Skin yellow with dots
426 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
iiTid narrow streaks of bright red. Flesh white, firm, juicy, mildly sub-acid with a
pleasant flavour. Season December to March.
Doucine. — Fruit large, oblate, irregularly ribbed. Stem short, cavity small.
Calyx small, closed. Basin shallow and ribbed. Skin greenish yellow with a small
blush. Flesh white, juicy, mildly acid, a good cooking apple. Season December and
winter.
Le Lunow. — Fruit large, conical. Stem short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx
medium, closed. Basin small. Skin greenish yellow with a bright red cheek. Flesh
white, juicy, crisp, mildly acid with a pleasant flavour. Season December to February.
De Hoffinger. — Fruit above medium size, oblate, flattened. Stem medium, cavity
deep and narrow. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow, shallow and corrugated, skin
yellow with a red cheek. Flesh yellowish white, a little coarse, not juicy, mildly acid.
Season December to February.
Borsdorf Krassol. — Fruit of medium size, oblate. Stem long, cavity deep and wide.
Calyx large, closed. Basin wide and deep. Skin greenish yellow with many white dots.
Flesh white, firm, crisp, juicy, pleasantly acid, perfumed and of good flavour. Season
winter.
Admirable de Kew. — Fruit small, globular. Stem short, cavity deep, narrow.
Calyx large, open. Basin wide and shallow. Skin pale yellow with a few whitish dots.
Flesh white, not juicy, of a sprightly acid character. Season winter.
Ramhour de BrunswicJc. — Fruit above mediura size, roundish, slightly conical.
Stem short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin wide and deep, cor-
rugated. Skin greenish yellow with splashes and stripes of bright red. Flesh yellowish,
tender, juicy, mildly sub-acid. Season December and January.
American Ramhour. — Fruit large, roundish, globular. Stem short, cavity small.
Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin yellow with a blush in the sun, and sprinkled
with whitish dots. Flesh crisp, white, juicy, nearly sweet, with a fine, pleasant flavour.
Season December and January.
Reinette d'Etlin.— 'Fruit below mediiim size, oblate, conical. Stem long slender,
cavity narrow, deep. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and shallow. Skin russet. Flesh
white, juicy, mild and pleasant, with a fine flavour. Season December and January.
Reinette d'Adenaw. — Fruit of medium size, flat, round. Stem short, cavity small.
Calyx large, closed. Basin small and corrugated. Skin handsome russet. Flesh white,
not juicy or high flavoured. Withers early in January. Not desirable.
Armorelle. — Fruit small, oblate. Stem short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx
large, open. Basin flat, narrow. Skin russet green and sprinkled with russet dots.
Flesh yellowish, firm, juicy, with a rich, high flavour, mildly acid. Season January to
llarch.
Bedford. — Fruit small, conical. Stem short, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx small,
closed. Basin shallow. Skin russet yellow with a dull red cheek. Flesh yellowish,
firm, crisp, juicy, mild and pleasantly acid. Season January to March.
Beauty of Moray. — Fruit of medium size, conical. Stem short, cavity small.
Calyx medium. Basin deep and ribbed. Skin yellowish green with a slight blush on
sunny side, and sprinkled with brown dots. Flesh white, juicy, crisp, mildly sub-acid.
Season winter.
REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE 427
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Figue. — Fruit small, oblong, tapering towards the stem, which is set flush, with a
fleshy protuberance at side. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin yellow, sometimes
with a faint blush. Flesh white, moderately juicy and pleasantly acid. This has very
little merit. Season January to March.
Fredcnch de Bade. — Fruit medium to large, irregular, sometimes deeply ribbed,
globular. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx large, closed. Basin deep, wide and deeply
ribbed. Skin pale yellow with stripes of red on sunny side. Flesh whitish, firm, juicy,
nearly sweet, with a very i^leasant flavour. Season January to March.
Grosse Franche. — Fruit below medium size, roundish, conical. Stem long, cavity
narrow and deep. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin russet yellow with a dul'l
red cheek. Flesh yellowish, firm, of a mild pleasantly sub-acid character. Season
January and February.
L'Ahondant. — Fruit of medium size, conical. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx
small, closed. Basin shallow. Skin greenish yellotsr with many gray dots. Flesh green-
ish white, juicy, with a fine flavour, nearly sweet. Season January and February.
Keddleston Pippin. — Fruit small, roundish, conical. Stem long, slender, cavity
large. Calyx large, open. Basin narrow and deep. Skin yellowish green. Flesh yellow-
ish, moderately juicy, fine grained, mild and pleasantly sub-acid. Ssason January to
March.
William Anderson. — Fruit small, conical. Stem short, cavity small and deep.
Calyx large, open. Basin small. Skin greenish yellow with a considerable quantity of
red on the sunny side. Flesh white, firm, juicy, mildly sub-acid with a pleasant flavour.
Season January and February.
FrancJcjaer. — Fruit large, conical Stem long, cavity narrow and deep. Calyx
small, closed. Basin narrow and deep. Skin yellowish with yellowish white dots and
an orange blush on the sunny side. Flesh gTeenish white, crisp, moderately juicy, mild
■and pleasantly acid. Season January to March.
Rawle's Janette. — Fruit of medium size, oblate, conical. Stem short, cavity wide
and shallow. Calyx small. Basin broad and flat. Skin pale yellow splashed and striped
with bright red. Flesh whitish, tender, juicy, mildly sub-acid with a pleasant flavour.
Season January to March.
FiOse de Bohemie. — Fruit of medium size, oblate, conical. Stem short, cavity small.
Calyx sm.all, closed. Basin shallow. Skin clear golden with a bright red cheek. Flesh
yellowish white, moderately juicy, crisp, mildly acid with a very pleasant flavour. Sea-
son Januarj' to March.
Reinette Grise Parmenticr. — Fruit below medium size, globular. Stem long, with
a fleshy knob alongside. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin bronze russet with
many brown dots. Flesh greenish white, moderately juicy, pleasantly sub-acid. Season
January and February.
Striped Canada Reinette. — Fruit large, oblate, conical, ribbed. Stem short, cavity
■wide and deep. Calyx large, partly open. Basin wide and corrugated. Skin greenish
yellow with a bright red cheek. Flesh yellowish, breaking, moderately juicy, mildly
Bub-acid. Season January to March.
French Reinette. — ^Fruit of medium size, globular, oblong. Stem short, davity
small. Calyx small, closed. Basin small. Skin golden russet with a red cheek and
428 EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
many white dots. Flesh white, not juicy or high flavoured, becomes leathery early in
winter, but does not decay. Of no special value. Season January to March.
Beinette de Geer. — Fruit below medium size, oblate, compressed. Stem long, cavity
small. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow. Skin yellow with patches of russet. Flesh
yellowish, moderately juicy, with a pleasant flavour. Season January to March.
Nez Plat. — Fruit small, oblate. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx small, closed.
Basin narrow and deep. Skin greenish yellow with a dull red cheek, and many small
white dots. Flesh yellowish, juicy, mildly sub-acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season
January to March.
Bomanite. — Fruit medium to large, conical. Stem short, cavity deep. Calyx large,
closed. Basin deep, narrow. Skin yellow with a red cheek. Flesh yellowish, fine,
juicy, pleasantly acid, with a fine flavour. Season January to March.
Du Vendue Levique. — Fruit below medium size, oblong, tapering a little to the
eye. Stem medium, cavity deep and wide. Calyx small, closed. Basin narrow and
deep. Skin greenish yellow with a small reddish blush and sprinkled with gray dots.
Flesh whitish, juicy, firm, crisp, mildly acid, with a pleasant flavour. Season January
to March.
De Lestre. — Fruit small, oblong, tapering to the eye. Stem short, cavity narrow.
Calyx large, closed. Basin wide and corrugated. Skin greenish yellow, with a dull
red cheek, and a few golden dots. Flesh white, juicy, crisp, pleasantly acid. Season
January to April.
Bonne de Mai. — Fruit small, oblate. Stem short, cavity round and deep. Calyx
large, closed. Basin wide. Skin greenish yellow with a handsome blush, and a few
small white dots. Flesh white, moderately, juicy, very little flavour. Season May and
June.
Barbarie. — Fruit of medium size, oblate. Stem short, cavity small. Calyx small,
closed. Basin small. Skin pale yellow with a bright red cheek and a few whitish dots.
Flesh yellowish, juicy and pleasantly acid. Season March to May.
Green Skin. — Fruit very small, oblate. Stem long, cavity small and deep. Calyx
large, closed. Basin wide and shallow. Skin green with a faint blush in the sun.
Flesh white, not juicy nor desirable. Season May to June.
Grosse Locarde. — Fruit of medium size, oblate, somewhat irregular in form and
ribbed. Stem long, cavity narrow and deep. Calys. small, closed. Basin small. Skin
clear, glossy yellow with a blush on sunny side. Flesh whitish, juicy, a mild sub-acid
with a pleasant flavour. Season February to May.
In addition to the list of varieties discarded, which was given in last year's report,
the following sorts have been removed : —
Alexander. Longfield.
Benoni. Malus Edulis.
Black Annette. Mann.
Black Apple of New Jersey. McEwen's Sweet.
Black Oxford. Minkler.
Blue Pearmain. Miron Grell.
Blushed Calville. Missouri Pippin.
BogdanofF. Nancy Jackson.
Borovinka Koslov. Newton Pippin.
REPORT OF MB. THOMAS A. SHARPE
429
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Boroviiika SoloviefF.
Borsdorf.
Borsdorf No. 19.
British Columbia.
Canada Red.
Cantil Sinap.
Cellini.
Cliarlottenthaler.
Charlemoff.
Cinnamon.
Cinnamon Pine.
Cooper's Market.
Cox's Orange Pippin.
Cox's Pomona.
Day.
Delaware Winter.
Devonshire Quarrenden.
Diichess of Oldenburg.
Early Harvest.
Early Strawberry.
Fall Pippin.
Flat Voronesch.
Flora Belle.
Florence.
Gano.
Gideon's No. 9.
Gideon's No. 10.
Gill's Beauty.
Gloria Mundi.
Golden Nonpareil
Green Crimean.
Green Stripe.
Gremuch.
Grindstone.
Haskell's Sweet.
Headly.
Hibernal.
Himbeer.
Hurlbut.
Huntsman's Favourite.
Indian.
Iowa Blush.
Jersey Sweet.
Juneating Red.
Karabovka.
Kentish Codlin.
KJnevskoe.
Koursk Anis.
Kruder.
Lady.
Lansingburgh.
Lapough Koslov.
Little Hat.
Little Red Romanite.
No. 457 (Budd).
No. 469 (Budd).
No. 9 Yoronesch.
Orel (980).
Ornement de Table.
Ortley.
Ostrakoff.
Palouse.
Paradise Sweet.
Parson Sweet.
Peasgood's Nonsuch.
Peck's Pleasant.
Pomme Grise.
Porter.
Price's Sweet.
Pumpkin Sweet.
Pyle's Red Winter.
Putim.
Queter.
Red Queen (No. 316 Budd).
Red Subluck.
Red Winter Pearmain.
Reinette Burckhardt.
Reinette Golden.
Renard's Seedling.
Ribston Pippin.
Repolovka. *
Round Borsdorf.
Ruby Gem.
Salome.
Scarlet Cranberry.
Silken Leaf.
Simbrisk (No. 3).
Simbrisk (No. 10).
Skrosnina.
Stone Antdnovka.
Summer Spice.
Swaar.
Swayzie Pomme Grise.
Sweet Spitzenburg.
Switzer.
Vargulek (55 Vor).
Voronesch (No. 9).
Western Beauty.
Whennery's Red.
White Pigeon.
White Winter Pearmain.
William's Favourite.
Willow Twig.
Wolf River.
Wyken Pippin.
Yellow Bellflower.
Yellow Transparent.
Zototoreff.
430 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
PEAKS.
Many of the older pear trees have been removed, and not many of the younger
trees bore fruit this year. A few of last year's crop which matured too late in the
season to be described have been included in this year's report.
Lemonay. — Tree a strong grower, with healthy foliage. Fruit medium size, acute,
pyriform. Stem long and fleshy at junction. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and
shallow. Skin handsome golden yellow. Flesh white, juicy, sweet, crisp. Season
August.
Beurre Romain. — Fruit below medium size, obtuse pear-shape. Stem short.
Calyx large, open. Basin narrow and shallow. Skin dull greenish yellow, with a few
russet dots. Flesh yellowish, not juicy, astringent, poor in quality. Season August
and September.
German Bergamot. — ^Fruit small, obtuse, pyriform. Stem long. Calyx large,
open. Basin shallow and wide. Skin yellowish russet, with many gray dots. Flesh
yellowish, tender, juicy, sweet and of pleasant flavour. Season August and September.
Calvin. — Fruit small, roundish, pyriform. Stem very short. Calyx small, open.
No basin. Skin greenish, with a russet bronze over nearly the whole surface. Flesh
wliita, juicy, with a pleasant, aromatic vinous flavour. Season September.
Eva Baltet. — Fruit large, obtuse, pyriform. Stem very short set with a fleshy
knob at one side. Calyx large, open. Basin narrow and shallow. Skin greenish yel-
low, with a reddish cheek and many brown dots. Flesh yellowish, fine grained, juicy,
sweet, but not high flavoured. Season October.
Madam Hemming way. — Fruit of medium size, handsome, a regular pear-shape.
Stem long, inserted by a lip. Calyx small, closed. Skin clean, handsome russet.
Flesh white, juicy, tender, sweet with a very pleasant flavour. Season October.
President Heron. — Fruit of medium size, obtuse, pyriform. Stem long, set in a
small deep cavity. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and flat. Skin a handsome russet
yellow. Flesh white, juicy, buttery sweet, melting with a fine flavour. Season
October.
Vice President Belahaye. — Fruit of medium size, oblate, pyriform. Skin russet
yellow, with a few gray dots. Flesh whitish, juicy, sprightly, with a very pleasant
aromatic flavour. Season October and November.
Enfant Vantais. — Fruit medium to large, obovate, acute pyriform. Stem short and
set at an angle. Calyx small, partly open. Skin yellow russet with a blush. Flesh
yellowish, juicy, tender, sprighty with a flne aromatic flavour. Season November.
Le Lectier. — Fruit small, oblate, pyriform. Stem long and slender. Calyx large,
open. Basin nari'ow and shallow. Skin russet yellow with many brown 'dots. Flesh
whitish, not juicy or tender, nearly sweet with a fairly pleasant flavour, not valuable.
Season November.
Henri de Bourhon. — Fruit of medium size, regularly formed. Stem long. C:ilyx
moderately open. Skin greenish yellow with a reddish blush, and sprinkled with gray
dots. Flesh yellowish, juicy, tender, fine grained, sweet with a fine aromatic flavour.
A little gritty at the core. Season November.
Duchess de Berry. — Fruit medium to large, oblong, acute, pyriform. Stem long.
Calyx large, open. Basin wide and shallow. Skin greenish yellow, sprinkled with
REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE 431
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
gray dots. Flesh yellowish white, juicy, sweet, buttery very pleasant, a little granular
at the core. Season November.
Fondant e Thirriot. — Fruit large, obtuse, pyriform. Stem long, set in a cavity,
fleshy at the junction. Calyx large, open. Basin wide and deep. Skin yellowish
russet freely sprinkled with gray dots. Flesh whitish, tender, juicy, mildly acid,
vinous, aromatic. Season November.
Ferdinand Gaillard. — Fruit of medium size, obtuse, pyi'iform. Stem short and
inclined. Calyx small. Basin deep and narrow. Skin greenish yellow with a few
russet dots. Flesh yellowish, white, tender, melting, fine grained, juicy, sweot. Sea-
son November and December.
Louise Bonne Saunier. — Fruit small, oblong, pyriform. Stem long, slender, set
in a narrow cavity. Calyx open. Skin dull yellow. Flesh yellowish, crisp, juicy,
slightly vinous. Season November and December.
Madame Bonnefond. — Fruit medium to large, oblong, obtuse, pyriform. Stem long,
set inclined. Calyx large, closed. Basin medium, wide and deep. Skin russet yellow,
freely sprinkled with brown specks. Flesh yellowish, juicy, tender, buttery, sweet, a
little gritty at the core. A promising sort. Serson November.
PLUMS.
The plum crop with many varieties was fairly good this season, but the constant
showers in the first half of the growing period favoured the development of fungus
diseases, and at the same time prevented effective spraying, and as a consequence plum
rot was very bad. Our distance from a market makes this a serious matter for us as
many plums that would be excellent for use any time within thirty-six hours will not
stand two or three days, and in consequence many fine plums have to be allowed to go
to waste. The following new sorts fruited for the first time this year and several of
them give promise of being valuable : —
Catalogue. — Tree a strong grower and productive. Fruit below medium size, oval.
Skin yellow. Flesh yellowish, firm, sweet, juicy, free stone, and stone small. Season
second week in July.
Jaune Tres Hative Baljond. — Tree a slender grower. Fruit medium or below in
size, pear shape. Stem short. Skin yellow. Flesh yellow, juicy, tender, sweet, with a
pleasant flavour. Season middle of July.
Damas de Cone. — Fruit medium to large, roundish, depressed. Suture deep with
one side enlarged. Stem short, set in a round basin. Suture terminates in a small
basin. Skin yellow, mottled with dull red. Flesh yellowish, juicy, sweet with a pleasant
flavour, adheres a little to the stone. Season last of July.
Datte Verte. — Fruit medium to small, oval. Stem short. Skin deep purple with a
bluish bloom. Flesh greenish, juicy, sweet with a rich flavour. Very fine for canning.
Stone small and free. Eipe last of July.
Precoce de Bertliold. — Fruit small, oval, pale yellow. Stem short. Suture shallow.
Flesh yellowish, sweet, not juicy nor fine flavour. Stone small and free. Eipe last
of July.
Perdrigon Violet. — Fruit medium or below medium in size, roundish, oval. Stem
short, cavity small. Skin reddish purple and sprinkled with golden brown dots and
432 EXPURIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
covered with a heavy bloom. Flesh yellowish, juicy, rich, sweet and of fine flavour.
Stone small and free. Ripe middle of August.
America. — Fruit medium or below in size, oblong, heart shaped, terminating in a
point. Stem short, slender, cavity small. Skin clear yellowish red. Flesh yellowish,
moderately juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Stone large and a cling. Fruit drops
badly when nearly ripe. Ripe early August to August 22.
Golden Esperen. — ^Fruit of medium size, roundish oval. Stem short, cavity small.
Suture very slight, one side enlarged. Skin golden yellow, mottled with light streaks of
green and a few crimson dots, and covered with a white bloom. Flesh yellowish, tender,
juicy, sugary with a rich, high flavour. Stone small and almost free. Ripe middle
of August.
Quetsche Hative. — Fruit small, pointed, heart shaped, with a faint suture. Stem
short. Skin deep purple with a whitish bloom. Flesh yellow, moderately juicy, sweet,
with a pleasant flavour. Stone small and free. Ripe middle of August.
Large Bed Sweet. — Fruit small, oval. Stem short, inserted in a small cavity. Skin
reddish yellow. Flesh reddish, not juicy nor very sweet. Adheres to the stone which
is large. Ripe middle of August.
Merton's Egg. — Fruit small, oblong, oval. Stem short, set in a small cavity. Skin
glossy yellow. Flesh yellowish, not juicy or sweet. Too small to be of value and lack-
ing in quality. Ripe middle of August.
Jumelles. — Fruit medium to large, roundish. Stem short. Suture well marked,
terminating in a slight depression. Skin greenish, mottled with streaks of clear yellow.
Flesh juicy, sweet, luscious, rich. Stone small, adheres to one edge. Ripe middle to
last of August.
Hungarian Musk Prune. — Fruit of medium size, oblong with a neck and tapering
each way to each end. Stem short. Cavity very small. Suture shalloAv. Skin deep
purple, with a whitish bloom. Flesh yellowish, moderately juicy, sweet with a rich
musky aromatic flavour. Stone small and free. Ripe last of August.
Bnel's Favourite. — Fruit large, roundish, largest at the stem. Stem long. Suture
trell defined. Skin light purple, with a whitish bloom. Flesh yellowish green, firm,
moderately juicy, with a rich fine flavour. Ripe last of August.
Blue Prolific. — Fruit medium to small, roundish. Stem short. Cavity shallow.
Suture indistinct. Skin very dark purple, covered with a bluish bloom. Flesh green-
ish yellow, tender, sprightly, with a fine pleasant flavour. Stone small and a cling.
Ripe last of August.
Perdrigon Rouge. — Fruit of medium size, round. Stem long. Cavity small.
Suture well marked, terminating in a depression. Skin deep red, with a whitish
bloom. Flesh yellowish, a little coarse, not juicy, but of good flavour. Ripe last of
August.
Oullin's Golden Gage. — Fruit of medium size, roundish oblong. Stem of medium
length. Cavity wide and deep. Suture shallow. Skin golden yellow, with a few
crimson dots, and a white "bloom. Flesh yellow, tender, juicy, rich and sweet. Stone
small and free. Ripe last of August.
Grosse Surpasse. — Fruit small, round. Stem short. Cavity shallow. Skin clear
yellow, with a whitish bloom. Flesh yellow tender, sweet -with a pleasant flavour.
Stone small and a cling. Ripe last of August
REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. SHARPE 433
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Swan. — Fruit medium to large, oval. Suture distinct. Stem short. Cavity
small. Skin clear yellow. Fletsh yellow, juicy, sweet, tender with a fine flavour.
Stone small. Ripe August.
Automne de Schamali. — Fruit medium to large, oval with a neck. Stem long.
Suture wide and deep, one side enlarged. Skin reddish purple, with a light blue
bloom. Flesh deep yellow, juicy, sweet. Stone small and a cling. Ripe early Sep-
tember.
Imperiale de Milan. — ^Fruit. medium to large, oblong, globular. Stem of medium
length. Cavity deep. Suture deep, wide. Skin deep purple, with a light blue bloom.
Flesh yellow, sweet, juicy with a fine flavour. Stone cling and small. Ripe early Sep-
tember.
Goutte d'Or. — Previously described as Coe's Golden Drop, which it is.
Reine Claude Violette. — Fruit of medium size, roundish, a little flattened. Stem
long. Cavity narrow. Suture distinct. Skm purple with yellow dots, and a thick
bluish bloom. Flesh greenish yellow, juicy, sweet with a rich, high flavour. Stone
small and free. Ripe September.
Smith's Prolific. — Fruit of medium size, globular. Stem short, cavity deep.
Suture distinct and terminating in a depression. Skin yellowish with a purple red
cheek and a thin white bloom. Flesh yellowish, juicy, sprightly. Stone medium and
a cling. Ripe early in September.
Bush Plum. — Fruit of medium size, roundish. Stem of medium length. Cavity
deep. Suture distinct, and one side often enlarged.- Skin purple with a thick bloom.
Flesh yellow, sweet, fine grained, tender, moderately juicy, with a fine flavour. Ripe
early in September and subject to rot.
Primate. — Fruit medium to large, round. Stem short. Cavity medium. Suture
distinct, one side often enlarged. Skin reddish purple, with many golden dots, and a
thin bluish bloom. Flesh yellowish, juicy, sprightly, sugary, with a fine flavour. Stone
small. Ripe early in September.
Peine .Claude de Woolston. — Fruit of medium size and roundish, with a distinct
suture. Stem short. Cavity large for a small plum. Skin purple with a bluish
bloom. Flesh yellow, moderately juicy, sweet, sugary, tender, with a very good flavour.
Stone small and free. Ripe early in September.
Peine Claude de Chamhourcy. — Fruit small, roundish. Stem short. Cavity large
and deep. Suture deep, extending two-thirds around the fruit. Skin yellow. Flesh
yellowish, moderately juicy, rich and sweet with a high flavour. Stone small. Ripe
early in September.
TJngorische. — Fruit of medium size, oblong, tapering to each end. Stem of mediimi
length. Cavity small. Suture deep. Skin dull purple with a bluish white bloom. Flesh
yellowish, moderately juicy, rich, sweet, wath a pleasant flavour. Ripe early in Sep-
tember.
Precoce de Peidlingen Prune. — Fruit below medium size, oval. Stem short. Cavity
small. Suture well defined and one side enlarged. Skin deep purple with a bluish
bloom. Flesh yellowish, tender, sweet, juicy, with a rich flavour. Stone small, free.
Ripe early in September.
Peine Claude d'Eculhj. — Fruit large, roundish. Stem short. Cavity small. Suture
deep and ending in a small depression, one side enlarged. Skin greenish yellow with
16—28
434 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
a thin white bloom. Skin thick and tough. Flesh yellowish, a little coarse, juicy,
sweet, with a pleasant flavour. Kipe early in September.
Quetsche d'AUemagne. — Fruit of medium size, long, oval, very full in the middle
and tai)ering to each end, very much enlarged on one side. Stem long. Suture shallow.
Skin dark purple with a bluish bloom. Flesh yellowish, tender, moderately juicy, with
a fine flavour. Ripe early in September.
Boulouf. — Fruit large, round, oblong, oval. Stem of medium length. Cavity
small. Suture wide and shallow. Skin reddish purple, with a bluish bloom. Flesh
yellowish, sweet, juicy, tender, rich, with a fine flavour. Ripe early in September.
Mirabelle Tardive. — Fruit small, roundish oval. Stem short. Skin pale yellow,
with a few reddish dots. Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately juicy, sweet. Stone small,
cling. Ripe middle of September.
Drap d'Or de I'Est. — Fruit small, round. Stem short. Cavity small. Suture very
shallow. Skin yellow with a thin white bloom. Flesh yellowish, rather tough, not
juicy, sweet, of no special value. Ripe in September.
CHERRIES.
The very mild weather in February and early March brought the cherry trees for-
ward, and the blossoming was earlier than usual. This was a disadvantage because of
the cold, wet weather which set in about the middle of March and continued for a
long time.
The earliest sweet cherries began to ripen the last of May, and during that month
and the first part of June repeated showers caused the ripening cherries to split, which
made a serious loss, and the brown rot was prevalent owing to the showery weather
which favoured the development of fungus diseases and prevented eifective spraying.
Guigne de Louvain. — Fruit medium to large, obtuse, heart shape. Stem long.
Skin bright yellow, splashed freely with bright red. Flesh juicy, very sweet, juice and
flesh yellowish, tender, of very fine quality. Ripe June 4.
Ludwig's Bigarreau. — Fruit large, heart shaped, with a well marked suture. Skin
bright red, juice red, sweet. Flesh pale yellow, tender, juicy, good. Ripe early in
June.
Suda Hardy. — Fruit medium to large, roimd. Stem long. Cavity deep, round.
Skin dark glossy red. Flesh tendei*, juicy, reddish. Juice reddish, pleasantly acid, of
good quality. Ripe early in July.
Bed Boch. — Fruit large for a morello, and round. Stem long, set in a depression.
Skin clear, glossy red. Flesh reddish yellow, with reddish juice a mild, pleasant acid,
refreshing. Season late in July.
PEACHES.
There are only a few varieties of peaches left on the farm, two named sorts on the
level land and several on the bench.
The trees on the bench continue to bear a. few peaches each year, which proves
that in sheltered elevations they can be gro^vn. On the level the Teton de Venus has
made a vigorous growth and fruited sparingly, but tlie fruit is too late to ripen in tliis
climate.
REPORT OF MR. THOMAS A. 8EARPE
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
435
APEICOTS.
The few apricot trees living bloomed early in March, but set no fruit and might as
well be diTg out as they bloom too early to succeed in the cool, rainy weather which
almost always occurs at the time they are in bloom.
MEDLARS.
fruit.
As these trees do not bloom until well on in May, they never fail to set a crop of
MULBERRIES.
All the mulberry trees bore a good crop of fruit again this year.
SMALL FRUITS.
As the last half of the season was dry and hot, all of the small fruits ripened
early, but they were not so large or so productive as in previous years.
There are under test 75 varieties of red and yellow raspberries, and after having
been tested for several years under similar conditions, the following varieties have
proved the best in thrift, quality and productiveness.
They are given in the order of ripening.
Red and Yellow Raspberries.
Name.
Date
of
Ripen-
ing.
Growth of
Plant.
Phoenix jjune 20 Vigcrous
Pauline n 24
New Fastolf
Northumberland
Basket.
Duke of Brabant.
All Summer
Fill
Lord Beaconsfield .
London
Sarah
Cuthbert
R. B. Whyte
French Vice-President
Golden Queen.
Large Yellow .
Size of Fruit.
Large
Very large .
Large
Large medium
Quality.
Firm, good quality
It contin
uep long in bearing.
Firm, good quality
II contin
ues long in bearing.
Firm, good quality
II contin'
ues long in bearing.
. . [Firm, good quality
II . . [Firm, sweet, very good qi a-
lity, the best flavored
I berry we have.
Large Firm, good quality
Large mediumj m
Very large — j n contin
] ues long in bearing.
Large Firm, good quality
Productive-
ness.
Productive.
Besides the above we have the following varieties, all of which are lacking in some
quality which is desirable : —
Battler's Giant, Paragon, Charles, Hornet, Carter's Prolific, Belle de Fontenay,
Baumforth's Seedling, Muskingum, Turner, Franconia, Hudson River Antwerp,
Thompson, White Antwerp, Columbia, Arnold's Hybrid, Red Herrenhauser, Sugar of
Metz, Carleton, Empire, Sharpe, Muriel, Craig, Autumn Surprise, Knevit's 'Giant,
La Mercier, Guinea, Garnet, Mary, Percy, Fastolf, Marlboro, Clarke, Heebner, Norwich
"Wonder, King, Chili, Garfield, Shaffer's Colossal, Queen Victoria, Sir John, Cariboo
16— 28i
436
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Wild, Col. "Wilder, Brinkle's Orange, Goliath, Lizzie, Millar, Minnie, Beehive, Spine-
less Yellow, Yellow. Antwerp, Malta, Barnet, Lady Anne, Nonpareil, Billard's Per-
petual, Prince of Wales, Champion, Crimson Beauty and Hansel.
Black Cap Raspberries.
Black Caps require very rich, well drained ground. They also require consider-
able moisture as well as sunshine when the berries are growing and ripening to ensure
a good crop. There are under test here nineteen varieties of Black Caps.
The following have been found to be the best, given in the order of rii)ening : —
Name.
Nemaha
Palmer
Older
Kansas
Mammoth Cluster.
Gregg
Progress
Ada
Conrath
Hopkins
Date
of
Ripen-
ing.
Growth
of
Plant.
July 4 Vigorous
6l
6
6
6
Size of Fruit.
Large
Large medium
Large . .
Medium
Quality.
Productive-
ness.
Good quality 'Productive
Besides the above we have the following varieties : —
Carman, Smith's Prolific, Cromwell, Lovett, American Yellow Cap, Jackson's May
King, Progress, Early Ohio and Oregon Late.
Blackberries.
The blackberries were a good crop this year. There were 27 varieties under test.
The following are the best, and are given in the order of ripening : —
Name.
Date of
Ripening.
Early King
Snyder
Hansel
Stones Hardy
Eldorado
Agawam
Taylor
Erie
Early Cluster. . ..
Maxwell
Ohmer
Taylor's Prolific. . . .
Lawton
Oregon Everbearing
Growth of
Plant.
July 14
Vigorous —
„ 18
„ 18
„ 18
n 18
M 18
n 18
.. 19
M 19
n 19
n 20
., 20.. ..
„ 22
Aug.l to Oct. 1
Size of Fruit.
Quality.
Productive-
ness.
Large
Large medium
Large
Very large ....
Large medium
Large
Medium . .
Good quality
Very good- quality .
Good quality
Fairly good, very
good qualitj-.
Productive.
REPORT OF MR. TEOMAH A. SHARPE 437
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Besides the above we have the following: Wilson's Early, Tecumseh, Kittatinry,
Wilson Jr., Early Harvest, Crystal White, Gainor, Thompson's Mammoth, Lovett's
Best, Child's Tree Blackberry, Dallas and Brunton.
Red and White Currants.
There are 41 varieties under test. Of these the following have proved the best: —
Name.
La Fertile
Raby Castle
White Grape
London Red
La Conde
Red Cherry
Prince Albert
Eyatt's New
La Turinese
White Cherrv
Gondoin Red
Large White Branden-
burg.
Victoria
White Pearl
Date of
Ril^ening.
July
Growth of
Plant.
Vigorous
Size of fruit.
Large medium
Medium
Large medium
11
Medium
Large medium
Medium
(r
Large medinm
Medium
Quality.
Good quality.
Productive-
ness.
Productive.
Besides the above the following varieties have been tried but found less valuable:
White Transparent, White Gondoin, Eed Dutch, Knights Early Eed, North Star, New
Bed Dutch, White Dutch, Fay's Prolific, Moore's Ruby, Versailles, No. 51 (L.S.)
Langstraubige, White Esperen, Rankin's Red, Large White Frauendorfer, Verriers
White, Chenonceau, De la Eochepoze, Ringens, Beauty of St. Giles, Champaigner,
English Red, Rouge Admirable, Large Red, White Kaiser, White Imperial.
Black Currants.
There are 44 varieties of black currants under trial here, the following have been
found to be the best : —
Name.
Date
of
Ripen-
ing.
Dominion
Middlesex
Merveille de la Gironde
Boskoop Giant
Prince of Wales
London
Black Naples
Lee's Prolific
Pearce
Victoria
Climax
July 5.
5,
Growth
of
Plant.
Vigorous.. .
Size
of
Fruit.
Large medium
Very large
Large
Medium
Large
Large medium
Medium
Large
Medium . . . .
Quality.
Mild, good quality.
Slightly acid, good quality,
Sweet, very good quality . .
II good quality
Mild, good quality. .
Sweet, good quality.
Mild, good quality . .
Productive-
ness.
Productive.
438
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Besides the above the following have been tried, but they are not so desirable:
Lennox, Bang-np, Gewohnliche, Eclipse, Sterling, Kerry, Perry, Ruler, Madoc, Kentish
Hero, Ambrafarbige, Charmer, Beaudry, Ontario, Eagle, Lanark, Baldv/in, Wood,
Louise, Stuart, Kentville, Success, Star, Champion, Ethel, Parker, Monarch, Bella,
Norton, Oxford Climax, Orton, Henry.
METEOROLOGICAL RECORD.
Date of Highest
Temperature.
Tempera-
ture.
Date of Lowest
Temperature.
Tempera-
ture.
Eainfall.
Snowfall.
Sunshine.
1904.
December 2, 25. . , , . .
1905.
January 3, 23
February 12
March 30, 31
April 23
46
49
47
56
83
84
86
94
83
68
62
62
December 16
.January 12 ,
Feb. 2, 15, 17,22,24
March 11
April 21. .
12
20
24
13
30
34
37
50
40
36
24
20
Inc
9-
5
4
5
4
8
3
2
2
8
8
1
lies.
02
46
28
60
86
46
20
40
80
40
42
91
Inches.
3
3
0
1
Hours. Minutes.
13 30
64 54
120 24
92
139 18
May 12
May 20
145 48
June 12
June 13
171 24
July 19
July 14, 15
August 28
Sej jtember 9
October 19
November 28
Total
236 36
August 10, 20
Sept. 2, 9
164
94 30
October 13 ...
November 14
.... ^..
106 18
73 6
64 81
13
1,421 54
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
THOS. A. SHARPS.
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL. PAPER No. 16 A. 1906
STATEMEI^T OF EXPENDITURE ON THE DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL
EARMS, FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1905.
Central Experimental Farm.
Live stock $ G25 84
Feed for stock $ 3,532 43
Supplies from experimental i)lots 90 75
Grain screenings from grain distribution. 292 79
$ 3,915 97
Less — Supplies to poultry department 853 11
3,062 86
Veterinary services and drugs 74 56
Seed, grain, trees, &c 424 01
Implements, tools, hardware and supplies 864 89
Drainage and drain tiles 393 71
Manure and fertilizers for experimental plots and horticultural depart-
ment 455 54
Travelling expenses 1,821 90
Exhibition expenses 818 74
Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repair? , 400 11
Bee department 161 69
Wages : farm work, including salaries of officers in charge 4,879 06
Wages: care of stock, including salary of herdsman 3,707 02
Horticultural division, including salaries of officers in charge, also
forestry $33.85 5,542 89
Poultry division, also salaries of officers in charge $ 3,085 11
Value of grain, &c., supplied by farm S53 11
Cereal division, including salaries of officers in charge $ 4,156 95
Less — Value of material supplied for feed 90 75
" potatoes supplied for seed distribution 819 75
3,938 22
910 50
3,246 45
Care of hedges, avenues, ornamental trees and grounds 1,355 97
Office assistance, including English and French correspondence and mes-
senger service 4,977 51
Printing of office supplies and stationery 623 07
Arboretum 1,400 06
Distribution of trees and tree seeds. . . ^ 106 94
Seed testing and care of green-houses 1,347 32
Dairy branch, including salary of dairyman. . . 903 30
Contingencies, including $200 for advertising 324 31
Telegrams and telephones 105 50
Steers, purchased for feeding experiments 2,146 53
Books and newspapers 130 79
$ 43,838 69
Less — Proceeds of sale of steers, purchased for feed-
ing experiments $ 3,845 33
Value of grain supplied grain distribution.. . 232 73
-~ 4,078 06
$ 39,760 63
439
4^ EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Experimental Farm, Nappan, K.S. — Expenditure,, 1904-05.
Live stock $ T 15
Feed for stock 1,953 88
Veterinary services and drugs 31 95
Seed grain, seeds, trees, &c 54 21
Implements, tools, hardware and supplies 355 51
Manure and fertilizers 6 40
Travelling expenses 257 22
Exhibition expenses 219 61
Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repairs 279 33
Salary of Superintendent 1,550 00
Wages, farm work, including experimental work with farm crops. . . . 2,249 08
Wages, care of stock 1,569 80
Poultry briinch 90 00
Horticultural division, including experimental work with vegetables,
fruits, forest and ornamental trees and flowers; also care of grounds
and salary of officer in charge 1,622 73
Distribution of seed grain, potatoes, &c . . 91 54
Contingencies, including postage, $134; mail delivery, $90; repairs to
dykes, $215 458 50
Printing and stationery 12 73
Books and newspapers 25 33
Telegrams and telephones 22 62
Steers purchased for feeding experiments 644 00
$ 11,502 19
Less — Proceeds of sale of steers purchased for feeding experiments. .. . 1,700 98
$ 9,801 21
Experimental Earm, Brandon, Man. — Expenditure 1904-05.
Live stock ^
Feed for stock
Veterinary services and drugs
Seed grain, trees, seeds, &c
Implements, tools, hardware and supplies
Travelling expenses
Exhibition expenses
Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repairs
Bee department
Salary of Superintendent
Wages, farm work, including experimental work, with farm crops, &c. .
Wages, care of stock
Horticultural branch, including experiments with vegetables, fruits and
flowers; also care of Arboretum and grounds
Forestry branch, including care of hedges
Poultry branch
Office help, including delivery of mail, $141
Distribution of seed grain, potatoes, &c
Distribution of trees and tree seeds
Contingencies, including postage, $259.50
Printing and stationery
Books and newspapers
Telegrams and telephones »
Drainage and drain tiles
574
13
76
05
60
45
62
54
290
65
193
04
275
20
200
10
12
85
1,550
00
2,839
90
1,167 32
916
44
565
75
95
05
784
65
196
65
281
25
282
90
48
36
21
00
31
78
30
50
I
EXPENDITURE 441
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Manure and fertilizers . . . .$ 162 75
Steers purchased for feeding experiments 380 57
$ 11,099 88
Less — Proceeds of sale of steers purchased for feeding ex-
periments 607 36
$ 10,492 52
ExPERniENTAI. Yxmi, IXDIAX HeAD, SaSK.— EXPENDITURE, 1904-05.
Live stock $ 451 75
Feed for stock 39 04
Veterinary services and drugs 37 55
Seed grain, seeds, trees, &e 71 82
Implements, tools, hardware and supplies 427 45
Travelling expenses 168 93
Exhibition expenses 9 75
Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repairs 89 80
Salary of superintendent 1,550 00
Wages, farm work, including experimental work with farm crops 3,645 38
Wag-es, care of stock 744 92
Horticultural branch 441 91
Poultry branch 98 67
Forestry branch, including hedges 276 52
Office help, including delivery of mail, $110 733 50
Distribution of seed grain, potatoes, &c 204 79
Distribution of trees and tree seed 173 52
Contingencies, including postage, $589.65 648 90
Printing and stationery 60 88
Telegrams and telephones 21 15
Books and newspapers 9 50
Steers purchased for feeding experiments 260 15
$ 10,165 88
Less — Proceeds of sale of steers purchased for feeding experi-
ments $ 455 04
Value of grain st;pp'ied for grain distribution at Ot-
tawa 1,579 05
2,03 i 09
ExpERniEXTAL Farm, Agassiz, B.C. — Expenditure, 1904-05.
Live stock
Feed for stock
Veterinary services and drugs
Seed grain, seeds, trees, &c ,
Implements, tools, hardware and supplies ,
Manure and fertilizers ,
Travelling expenses ,
Exhibition expenses ^
Blacksmithing, harness supplies and repairs ,
Salary of superintendent 1,550 00
$ 8,131 79
$ 9
35
46
50
18
55
185
43
570
50
218
36
185
00
293
00
114
70
442 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Wages, farm work, including experimental work with farm crops, vege-
tables, fruit trees, vines, &c $ 3,073 71
Wages, care of stock 518 40
Poultry branch GO 85
Forestry branch, including care of hedges 256 05
Office help 120 00
Distribution of seed grain, potatoes, &c G6 63
Clearing land 412 30
Contingencies, including postage, $185.52 210 80
Printing and stationery 9 96
Books and newspapers 20 00
Drainage and drain tiles 332 80
Telegrams and telephones 1 75
$ 8,283 64
SUMMAFtY OF EXPEXDITURE, 1904-05,
Central Experimental Parm $ 39,760 63
Nappan Experimental Farm 9,801 21
Brandon Experimental Farm 10.492 52
Indian Head Experimental Farm 8,131 79
Agassiz Experimental Farm 8,283 64
General Expenditure.^
Distribution of seed grain, potatoes, Szc, from Central Experi-
mental Farm $ 5,633 15
Value of grain for Indian Head $1,569 51
" potatoes from Experimental Division, C.E.F. 819 75
" grain from C.E-F 232 73
$2,621 99
Less — Value of screenings charged feed for stock,
C.E.F 292 79
2,329 20
7,962 35
Entomological and Botanical Division, including salaries of officers in
charge 4,265 38
Chemical Division, including salaries of officers in charge 4,952 48
Salaries general, including —
Director, accountant, director's secretary and assistant accountant.. 6 3'0 Ot
100,000 00
Printing bulletins and distribution of bulletins and reports. . 7,000 00
Le.?s — Special sum in estimates for this item 7,000 00
100,0000 00
* These items are put under ' General Expenditure ' for the reason that they are
incurred for general purposes.
SUMMARY OF STOCK 443
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Summary of Stock, ITacihixery, Implements, ^c., on Hand Decejiber 1, 1905.
central experimental farm, ottawa, ont.
19 Horses $ 3^930 00
21 Ayrshire cattle 2,870 00
12 Guernsey cattle 2,175 00
15 Durliam cattle (Shorthorns) 4,-300 00
10 Canadian cattle 1,400 00
19 Grade cattle 865 qO
63 Yorkshire swine 1,250 00
21 Berkshire swine 460 00
31 Tamworth swine 455 00
31 Shropshire sheep 800 00
16 Leicester sheep 405 00
Earm machinery and implements 3,142 25
Vehicles, including farm wagons and sleighs 1,018 00
Hand tools, hardware and sundries 1,143 10
Harness 597 85
Dairy department, machinery, &c 508 50
Horticultural and forestry departments, implements, tools, &c 871 35
Botanical department, implements, tools, &c 5 00
Poultry department, 396 fowls ' G22 00
Poultry department, implements, furnishings, &c 193 35
Bees and apiarian supplies 449 SI
Chemical department, apparatus and chemicals 2,200 96
Books and several departments 707 86
Greenhouse plants, supplies, &c 2,320 00
Furniture at Director's house 1,000 00
Office furniture and stationery 1,676 25
Experimental flour mill and electric motor 465 00
$35,834 28
Experimental Farm, Nappan, X.S.
8 Horses $ l,0S5 00
5 Guernsey cattle 425 00
7 Holstein cattle 300 00
8 Ayrshire cattle 475 oo
45 Grade cattle 922 oO
4 Yorkshire swine 95 00
2 Berkshire swine 45 00
43 Grade swine 265 00
22 Sheep 270 00
61 Fowls. 61 00
Bees and apiarian supplies 27 30
Vehicles, including farm wagons and sleighs 355 75
Farm machinery 7OI 00
Farm implements 292 00
Hand tools, hardware and sundries 380 50
harness 250 00
Furniture for reception room and bedroom for visiting officials I59 50
Furniture supplies and books for office 228 11
$ 6,327 16
444 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Experimental Earm, Brandon, Man.
13 Horses $ 1,525 00
5 Ayrshire cattle 290 00
7 Durham cattle 600 00
3 Guernsey cattle 175 00
8 Grade cattle 280 00
1 Tamworth pig 15 00
3 Berkshire pigs 30 00
9 Yorkshire swine. • 70 00
10 Grade swine 40 00
120 Eowls 129 00
Bees and apiarian supplies 142 45
Vehicles, including farm wagons and sleighs 540 OO
Earm machinery 2,125 33
Farm implements 738 00
Hand tools, hardware and sundries 641 55
Harness 219 25
Eurniture for reception room and bedroom for visiting ojQficials 161 55
Eurniture supplies and books for office 436 70
Experimental Earm, Indian Head, N.W.T.
13 Horses
26 Durham cattle
28 Grade cattle
23 Berkshire swine
9 Tamworth swine
11 Yorkshire White swine
83 Eowls
Bees and apiarian supplies
Vehicles, including farm wagons and sleighs
Earm machinery
Earm implements
Hand tools, hardware and sundries
Harness
Eurniture for reception room and bedroom for visiting officials.
Eurniture supplies and books for office
$ 8,158 83
1,950
00
1,730
00
935
00
170
00
75
00
105
00
83
00
41
75
536
00
2,237
00
699
00
397
50
182
50
217
00
512
GQ
$ 9,871
41
SUMMARY OF STOCK 445
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Experimental Farm, Agassiz, B.C.
9 Horses
25 Durham cattle
19 Dorset horned sheep
2 Berkshire swine
4 Yorkshire White swine
36 Fowls
Bees and apiarian supplies
Vehicles, including farm wagons
Farm machinery
Farm implements
Hand tools, hardware and sundries
Harness
Furniture for reception room and bedroom for visiting officials
Furniture supplies and books for office
THOS. M. CEAMP,
Accountant.
.$ 1,180
00
1,665
00
207
00
85
00
155
00
36
00
5
45
180 00
620 75
95
50
133
30
94 25
141 75
284 92
$ 4,883
92
5-6 EDWARD VII,
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
A. 1906
IMI3EX
5-6 EDWARD VII
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
A. 1906
INDEX
Page.
Agriculturist — ^Report of the 47
Beef production 62-70
" influence of age on cost. 63
Baby beef 65
Corn, varieties grown for ensilage.. .. 75
Crops on 200-acre farm 75
Dairy herds, the 51
Monthly statements 53
Financial and general statements 54-55
Daily dairy herd records 57
Feeding dairy cattle 56
Feeding, summer 52
Feeding, winter 51
Feeding, cost of 52
Feed, amount consumed by 73
Dairy herd reports 54
Ayrshires 55
Ayrshire grades 55
Canadians 55
Canadian grades 55
Guernseys 55
Guernsey grades 55
Shorthorns 55
Dairy cows, experiments with 5S-61
Apples as feed for cows 63-61
Pea dust for dairy cows 60
Spirit grains for dairy cows 59
Meal seeds for dairy cows 58
Farm, the 200-acre 75
Crop on, in 1905 76
Comparative statement of crops on,
from 1899 to 1905, inclusive 76
Feed produced on, and utilization
thereof, in 1904 ._ 73
Financial summary 74
Horses 47
Bran-feeding experiment 49
Labour, value and amount of 4S
Letter of transmittal 47
Live stock 47
Horses 47
Cattle 47
Sheep 48
Swine 48
Financial statements 71-75
Pagb.
Agriculturist— Report of the — Con.
Pork production 70-73
Pigs on alfalfa pasture 71
Pigs on red clover pasture 71
Pigs on roots as pasture 72
Pigs fed in pens — no green feed 72
Pigs fed in pens; roots and meal.. .. 72
Rotation experiment 77
Rotation A, 5 years 78
Rotation B, 5 years .^ 73
Rotation E, 3 years 82
Rotation Z, 3 years S3
Rotation H, hogs 84
Rotation T, sheep 85
Rotation D and S, Deep vs. Shallow
ploughing SO-Sl
Rotations M, N, 0 and P, : short vs.
long, and clover vs. no clover.. ..86-89
iRoots, varieties grown 75
Steers, experiments with.. 62--70
Long vs. short feed steers 62-63
Influence of age on cost of putting on
flesh 63
Summary of operations on 200-acre farm. 90
Bedford, S. A., Superintendent of Experi-
mental Farm, Brandon, Manitoba, Re-
port of 321
Blair, W. S., Horticulturist. Experimental
Farm, Nappan, N.S., Report of 301
Cerealist — Report of the
Acknowledgments
Barley, six-row "j^o
Beardless
Earliest varieties of
Hulless
Most productive varieties of 221
Test of varieties of 22O
Albert 220
Argyle 22O
Bere 220
Black Japan 220
Blue Long Head 220
Brome £20
Champion 220
Chinese Hulless 220
Claude 220
205
205
220
221
221
221
16—29
449
450
EXPERIMENTAL FARilS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Page.
Cerealist — 'Report of the — Con.
Barley, six-row — Con.
Common 220
Eclipse 220
Empire 220
Escourgeon 220
Hulless Black 220
Mandscheuri 220
Mansfield 220
Mensury 220,224
Norwegian 220
Nugent 220
Oderbruch 220
Odessa 220
Rennie's Improved 220
Royal 220
Silver King 220
Sisolsk 220
Stella 220
Summit 220
Trooper 220
Yale 220
Barley, six-row winter 222
Zero 222
Barley, two-row 213, 221
Beardless 222
Earliest varieties of. 222
Hulless 222
Most productive varieties of 221
Test of varieties of 221
Archer Chevalier 221
Beaver 221
Bestehorn's Kaiser 221
Brewer's Favourite 221
Canadian Thorpe 221
Clifford 221
Danish Chevalier 221
Dunham 221
Fichtel Mountain 221
French Chevalier 221
Gordon 221
Hanncben 221
Harvey 221
Invincible 221
Jarvis 221
Logan 221
Maltster 221
Newton 221
Primus 221
Princess 221
Princess Svalof 221
Sidney 221
Standwell 221
Swan's Neck 221
Swedish Chevalier 221
Beans, field 226
Soja 226
Page.
Cerealist — Report of the — Con.
Beets, sugar 229
Carrots 229
Cereals in small plots 211
Crossing and selection of cereals 206
Descriptions of varieties of wheat.. .. 209
Donations 205
Early sowing, importance of 214
Emmer and Spelt 212,218
Test of varieties of 218
Common Emmer 206, 218
Long Emmer 218
Red Emmer 218
Red Spelt 218
Single Emmer 218
Smooth Spelt 218
Thick Emmer 218
White Emmer 218
White Spelt 21S
White Bearded Spelt 218
Fife wheats 211
Flax 226
Grades of wheat 208
Grain sown in different quantities on
clay loam 224
Grain sown in different quantities on
sandy loam 223
Indian corn 230
Sown at different distances 231
Test of varieties of 230
Mangels 228
Test of varieties of 228
Manitoba, visit to 207
Millet 227
Mixed grain, plots of 225
Oats 212,218
Earliest varieties of 220
Most productive varieties of 219
Test of varieties of 218
Abundance 219
American Beauty 2U
American Triumph 21D
Anderbecker 213
Atlantic 219
Banner 218,221
Bavarian 218
Bell 219
Bestehorn's Abundance 219
Big Four 219
Black Beauty 219
Buckbee's Illinois 219
Chinese Naked 219
Colossal 219
Columbus 219
Danish Island 218
INDEX
451
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Page.
Oats — Con.
Daubeney 219
Dinauer 218, 219
Dixon 219
Early Angus 219
Early Golden Prolific 219
Excelsior 219
Fichtel Mountain 218, 219
Forbes 219
Carton's Abundance 219
Golden Beauty 219
Golden Fleece 219
Golden Giant 219
Golden Tartarian 218
Goldfinder 219
Gold Rain 219
Great Northern 219
Green Russian 218, 219
Hazlett's Seizure 219
Holstein Prolific 219
Improved American 218
Improved Ligowo 219
Irish Victor 219
Joanette 219
Kendal Black 219
Kendal White 219
Kirsche 21S, 219
Lincoln 219
Mennonite 219
Milford Black 219
Milford White 219
Olive Black 219
Pioneer 218
Probstey 219
Scotch Potato 219
Sensation 219
Siberian 219
Sorgenfrei 219
Storm King 219
Swedish LigDwo 219
Swedish Select 219
Tartar King 219
Thousand Dollar 219
Tlola 219
Twentieth Century 219
Uberfluss 218
Virginia White Abundance 219
Waverley 219
Welcome 219
White Giant 2>8
Whiting 219
Wide Awake 219
Peace River Country, Cereals in 207
Peas 213, 222
Earliest varieties of 223
Most productive varisties of 223
Test of varieties of 222
IG— 29^
Page.
Cerealist — ^Report of the — Con.
Potatoes, field plots of 231
Preparation of land for uniform test
plots 213
Roots, field.. 227
Rye, spring 213,223
Winter 213, 223
Saskatchewan, Visit to 207
Selection of cereals 206
Selection of seed for test plots 214
Spelt. See Emmer.
Turnips 227
Test of varieties of , 228
ITniform test plots of cereals 213
Weather 21i
Wheat, Macaroni 212, 216
Test of varieties of 217
Beloturka 217
Black Don 217
Gharnovka 217
Goose 216, 217
Kahla 217
Kubanka 217
Mahmoudi 217
Medeah 217
Roumanian r 217
Velvet Don 217
Yellow Gharnovka 217
Wheat, Spring 212, 214
Earliest varieties of 216
Most productive varieties of 216
Test of varieties of 215
Advance 215
Aurora 206, 207
Australian F 215
Australian Xo. 9 215
Australian Xo. 12 215
Australian Xo. 28 215
Bishop .;v 215
Blue Stem 215
Bobs 207
Chester 215
Club 210
Clyde 215
Colorado 206, 215
Countess 215
Dawn 215
Downy Riga 215
Early Riga 215
Ebert 215
Gehun 215
Haynes' Blue Stem 215
Herisson Bearded 215
Hungarian Mountain 209
Hungarian White 211, 215
452
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Page
Cerealist— Report of the— Con.
Wheat, Spring— Con.
Huron 206, 215
Kirsche 215
Laurel 215
McKendry's Fife 210, 215
Marvel 215
Minnesota No. 163 210, 215
Monanch...' 210, 215
Nixon.. ., 215
(Pearl 215
Percy 206, 215
Power's Fife 210, 215
Preston 203, 215, 224
Pringle's Champlain 206, 215
Red Fern 215
Red Fife 20.6, 207, 208, 209, 215
Red Preston 212
Riga 206 215
Saumur 215
Stanley 206, 215
Weldon 215
Wellman's Fife 210,215
White Fife 207, 209, 215
White Russian 210, 215
Wheat, Winter 217
Test of varieties of 217
Abundance 217
American Banner 217
Buda Pesth 217
Dawson's Golden Chaff 217
Early Red Clawson 217
Early Windsor ,. 217
Egyptian Amber 217
Gold Coin 217
Imperial Amber 217
Invincible 217
Jones' Winter Fife 217
Kharkov 217
Padi.. .. % 217
Red Chief 217
Prosperity 217
Red Velvet Chaff 217
Reliable 217
Silver Sheaf 217
Turkey Red 217
Chemist — Report of the 125
Acknowledgments 127
Anglo-Saxon stock food 144
Assistant chemists 127
Burgundy mixture 125, 148, 149
Carrots 146
Chemistry of insecticides and fungicides 148
Clover, nitrogen-content of soils before
and after 129
Oondimental foods 143
Page,
Chemist— Report of the — Con.
Conservation of soil moisture, Ottawa.. 133
Nappan, N.S. 134
Control of soil moisture in orchard soils 133
Corn by-products 142
Correspondence 127
Cotton-seed meal 143
Cotton waste 139
Cyanides for fumigation purposes.. ..126, 153
Dairying, investigations relating to.. .. 127
Fall and goose wheats 143
Fertilizers, naturally-occurring 137
Flue ashes 139
Fresh seaweed 138
Gypsum and land plaster 138
Marsh mud ■• 137
Semi-decayed seaweed 137
Flue ashes 139
Fodders and feeding stuffs 126, 140
Analysis of 141
Anglo-Saxon stock food 144
Condimental foods 143
Corn by-products • •• 142
Cotton-seed meal 143
Gluten meal 142
Goose and fall wheats 143
Herbageum 144
International stock food 144
Linseed or oil cake meal 142
Mixed feeds 141
Rice meal 143
Soda biscuits 143
Spirit grains 143
Stock foods 143
' Sugar and flax ' 144
Formalin, action on vitality of wheat. .126, 152
" as a smut preventive 153
Formaldehyde, 40 per cent 151, 152, 153
Fumigation, cyanides used in production
of gas for 126
Fungicides and insecticides 125
Gluten meal 142
feed : 142
Goose and fall wheats 143
Gypsum and land plaster 138
Herbageum 144
Inoculation for the growth of legumes.. 130
Insecticides and fungicides 125, 148
Cyanides for fumigation 153
Flour emulsion 151
Formalin 151
New form of kerosene emulsion 150
Soda-Bordeaux mixture 148
International stock food 144
Kerosene emulsion, new forms of.. ..125, 150
INDEX
453
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Page
Chemist — Report of the — Con.
Land plaster and gypsum 138
Legumes, inoculation for growth of.. .. 130
" nitrogen-enrichment of soils by 127
Letter of transmittal 125
Linseed or oil cake meal 142
Mangels 144, 145, 147
Manure, winter care of 127
Marsh mud 137
Mixed feeds 141
Naturally-occurring fertilizers 137
Nitrogen-enrichment of soils by legumes 127
Content of soils before and after
clover 129
Oil-cake meal 142
Orchard soils, control of moisture of 133
■Ilice meal 143
Roots, relative value of 144
Carrots 146
Influence of inherited qualities in.. .. 147
Mangels 144, 145
Sugar beets 146, 147
Turnips 145
Samples received for analysis 126
Seaweed, semi-decayed 137
fresh 138
Smut preventive, formaldehyde as a.. .. 153
Soda biscuits 143
Soda-Bordeaux mixture 125, 148, 149
•Soils 125
Control of moisture in orchard 133
Nitrogen-content of before and after
clover 129
Nitrogen-enrichment of by legumes.. 127
Spirit grains I43
Stock foods 143 144
'Sugar and flax' 144
Sugar beets 126
for factory purposes I47, 14S
Turnips 145_ 145
Waste products and naturally-occurring
fertilizers I37
Well water from farmers' wells.. 126, 154, 155
Wheat, action of formalin on vitality of
126. 152
Goose and fall I43
Grades of I27
Director — Report of the 5
Acknowledgments 45
Bulletins issued during 1905 43
Cramp, Thos. M., report of 439 to 445
Co-operative experiments by Canadian
farmers 21
Correspondence 25
Crops, action of fertilizers on 31
Ellis, Wm., reports of 27, 23
Page.
Director—Report of the — Con.
Experimental Farms, usefulness of..., 6
Experiments with fertilizers on —
Barley 33, 34
Indian corn.- 37,38,39
Oats.. .. '. 35
Mangels 39
Turnips 39
Wheat 31
Farm crops throughout the Dominion.. 5
Fertilizers, special experiments with.. 29
Financial statement 439
Grain distribution of, for improvement
of seed 22 to 25
Grain tests, table of, for each province.
Inspection and grading of wheat
Letter of transmittal
Meteorological observations
Rainfall for past fifteen years
27
18
28
28
.7 to 11, 44. 45
Reports on journeys made.
Seed grain, distribution of 22
Seed grain distribution, benefits of.. .. 25
Seeds, tests of vitality of 26
Sunshine, records of 29
Summary of stock, &c., on each Experi-
mental Farm 443
Visit to Alberta (southern) 8, 9, 10
Visit to Alberta (northern) 10, U
Visit to Experimental Farm, Nappan
N.S 45
Visit to Experimental Farm, Brandon, M. 44
Visit to Experimental Farm, Indian
Head, Sask 44
Visit to Experimental Farm, Agassiz
2-- .'. 44
Visit to Grain Inspector's Office in Win-
19
nipeg.
Weeds and Smut in Wheat 21
Winter wheat in Alberta g
yukon. Experiments in the n to 17
Entomologist and Botanist— Report
°^ '^<^ 159-204
Acknowledgments ^fQ
Alfalfa affected with dodder, analysis of 203
Alfalfa Dodder 201
Anderson, J. R., on Variegated Cutworm. 175
on Vancouver Island Oak-looper.. .. 193
Anthonomus signatiis jgT
Aphis irassicw 275
Apiary, report on the igj
season of 1906 jg^
how to prevent swarming 19,5
improving stock of bees 19^
queen rearing j^y
451
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Page
Entomologist and Botanist— Report
of the — Con.
Apiary, Report on the — Con.
care of empty combs 198
Wax Moth 199
unfinished sections 200
Apple, Woolly Aphis of the 1S3
remedies for 18^
Apple Maggot 184
Apple Worm, Lesser 183
Argyresthia sp., on cedars 189
Aspidiotus perniciosus 182
Barathra occidentata 1"9
Batho, Geo., on Hessian Fly f ^»^^
Black, W. J., on cutworms in grain 170
on grasshoppers l^l
on root and vegetable crops 1"4
Black Vine Weevil 186
Botany, Division of -01
Bran, poisoned, for cutworms 170
Bruchus pisorum l''^!
Bud-moth, Eye-spotted 181
Buffalo Tree-hopper 18o
remedies for 185
Burke, Rev. A. E., on cereal crops 162
on Larch Sawfly 191
Cabbage Aphis .. .. 176
remedies for 17'
Carpocapsa pomoneUa 182
Carrot Rust-fly 1^7
remedies for 177
Cecidomyia destructor 162
Cephus occidentalis 166
pygmwus 166
Cereal crops, 1905 162
Cereals, insect enemies of 162
Ceresa liibalus 18o
Chcrmes abietis 190
Chipman, B. W., on fodder crops 173
Chittenden, F. H., on means against the
Strawberry Weevil 188
Cicada putnatni 185
septendccim
Clarke, G. H., on Clover Dodder.. .
Clover Dodder 173,201
Clover Leaf Weevil 173
Clover Weevil, Green 173
Clover-seed Midge 173
Codling Moth 182
Coleophora laricella 191
Collections of insects and plants 160
Corn attacked by Rose Chafer 173
attacked by Stalk Borer 174
Corn Root Maggot 173
Corn Worm 1'^
remedies for l'^5
Correspondence of the Division 159
135
212
Pagk
Entomologist and Botanist — Report
of the — Con.
Cottony Maple Scale 189
Criddle, N., on Western Wheat-stem
Sawfly 166
on locusts 171
on two new garden pests 174
Cucumber Flea-beetle 178
remedies for 178
Currant Maggot 188
Cuscuta epithymum 201
racemosa, var. chiliana 202
tritolii 201
Cutworm, Red-backed 169
Variegated 175
Cutworms 169, 173, 175
remedies for 170
Diamond-back Moth 178
remedies for 178
Diplosis tritici 168
Dodder, Clover or Alfalfa 201
eradication of 204
Ellopia somniaria 194
Enarmonia prunivora 183
Entomology, Division of .^ .. 162
Entomoscelis adonidis 177
Epitrix cucumeris 178
Epochra canadensis 188
Fir Sawfly 1S9
Fixter, John, report by 194
Flea-beetle, Red-headed 173
Fodder crops, 1905 172
insect enemies of 173
Forest and shade trees, insect enemies
of 1S9
Fruit crops, It'Oa isi
insect enemies of 1S2
Galeruca externa 174
Gastroidea polygon! 174
Glendinning, H., on Turnip Aphis 176
Grapholitlia prunivora 133
Grass plots, experimental 159
Grasshoppers 171
Hamilton, Dr. C. A., on Turnip Aphis.. 173
on Carrot Rust-fly 177
on Potato Flea-beetle 178
on Spined Rustic ISO
Harvest-fly, Western 185
Ilcmerocampa leucostigma 193
Hessian Fly 162
location of the injury 164
remedies for 165
Isosoma tritici 167
James, Prof. C. C, on fodder crops.. .. 173
Japing, Rudolf, on Larch Case-bearer.. 192
on Turnip Aphis .. 173
INDEX
456
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Page
Entomologist and Botanist — Report
of the — Con.
Joint Worm 167
remedies for 168
Knot-weed Beetle 174
Larch Case-bearer 191
Larch Sawfly 1S9, 190
Locust, Seventeen-year 185
Locusts 171
Lophyrus abietis 189
Lorostege stwticalis 179
Macoun, W. T., on strawberry varieties
for planting 187
MacrodactyJus sulspinosus ••173
Maple Scale, Cottony 189
Marmont, L. E., on Hessian Fly 164
McNeil, A., on fruit crops 181
Meetings attended by the Entomologist
and Botanist 159
by*Assistant Entomologist 160
Miller, H. H., on Alfalfa Dodder 202
Nematus enchsonii 189, 190
Nova Scotia Secretary of Agriculture, on
grain crops 162
Oak-looper, Vancouver Island 193
Ontario Crop Report, on grain crops 162
Otiorhynchus ovatus 186
sulcatus 186
Papaipetna cataphracta 174
nitela 174
Paragrotis oclirogaster 169
Parker, S. C, on fruit crops 181
Patch, Miss E. M., on Apple Maggot 184
' Pea Bug ' 171
Pea Moth 171
remedies for •. .. 172
Pea Weevil 171
Peridroma saucia 175
Pimpla scriptifrons 194
Platypedia putnami 185
Phiiella maculipcnnis 17S
Potato Flea-beetle 178
remedies for 178
Psila rosce 177
Pulvinaria innumerabilis 189
Ready, Prof. J. C, on fodder crops 173
on wheat crop 162
Rhagoletes pomonella 184
Riseborough, G. W., on Stalk Borer.. .. 174
Roots and vegetables, insect enemies of 173
Rose Chafer attacking corn 173
Rustic, Spined 179
remedies for 180
San Jose Scale 182
Sanderson, E. D., on Apple Maggot.... 185
Page.
Entomolosist and Sot?,nist — Report
of the — Con.
Schizoneura lanigcra 183
Semasia nigricana 171
Shutt, F. T., analysis of alfalfa affected
with Dodder 203
Sleepy Weevil 186
Spined Rustic 179
Spruce Gall-louse 190
remedies for 190
Stalk Borer 174
Strawberry varieties recommended for
planting 187
Strawberry Weevil 187
remedies for 188
Sugar Beet Webworm 179
Systena frontalis 173
Taylor, Rev. G. W., on Thcrina somniaria 194
Therina fcrvidaria 194
fiscellaria 194
somniaria 189,193
Trypeta pomonella 184
Turnip Aphis 176
remedies for 177
Turnip Beetle, Red 177
remedies for 177
Tussock-moth, White-marked 193
Webster, Prof. F. M., on Joint Worms.. 168
Western Harvest-fly 185
Wheat Midge 168
remedies for 169
Wheat-stem Sawfly, Western 166
remedies for 167
Willing, T. N., on cereal crops 162
on Corn Worm 176
Woolly Aphis of the Apple 183
remedies for 183
Experimental Farm, Agassiz — Report
of Superintendent 401
Apples, report on, with descriptions of
new varieties fruiting 419 to 428
Apples, list of discarded 428, 429
Apricots, report on 435
Barley, experiments with 405
Test of varieties of 405
Beans, experiments with 415
Bees, report on 403
Beets, experiments with 412, 415
Blackberries, report on 435
Agawam 436
Early Cluster , 436
Early King 435
Eldorado 435
Erie 435
Hansel 435
Lawton 435
456
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Page.
Experimental Farm, Agassiz— Con.
Blackberries, report on — Con.
Maxwell 436
Ohmer 436
Oregon Everbearing 436
Stone's Hardy 436
Snyder 436
Taylor 436
Taylor's Prolific 436
Broccoli, experiments with 416
Brussels Sprouts, experiments with 416
Cabbage, experiments with 416
Carrots, experiments with 412, 417
Test of varieties of 412
Cattle 402
Cauliflowers, experiments with 416
Cherries, report on, with descriptions of
'new varieticj fruiting 434
Clearing of land 402
Clover Experiments 415
Clover versus Corn for ensilage 414
Commercial orchards 419
Corn, Indian, experiments with.. .. 409, 410
•Correspondence 418
Crops, summary of 415
Currants. Black, report on 437
Black Naples 437
Boskoop Giant 437
Climax 437
Dominion 437
Lee's Prolific 437
London 437
Merveille de la Gironde 437
Middlesex 437
Pearce 437
Prince of Wales 437
Victoria 437
Currants, red and white, report on.. .. 437
Eyatt's New 437
Gondoin Red 437
La Conde 437
La Fertile 437
Large White Brandenburg 437
La Turinese 437
London Red 437
Prince Albert 437
Raby Castle 437
Red Cherry 437
Victoria 437
White Cherry 437
White Grape 437
White Pearl 437
Distribution of seed grain, potatoes, &c. 418
Ditching 402
Emmer and Spelt *08
Field Roots ■AlO
Pagb.
Experimental Farm, Agassiz — Con.
Fodder crops, experiments with 413
Forest Trees 403
Fowls 403
Fruit crops 401
Garden vegetables 415
Hedges 402
Horses 403
Lettuce, experiments with 417
Live stock 402
Mangels, experiments with 411
Test of varieties 411
Medlars, report on 435
Meteorological report 438
Millets, experiments with 413
Mountain orchards 403
Mulberries, report on 435
New breaking 402
Nut-bearing trees, report on 402, 403
Oats, experiments with 404
Test of varieties of 404
Onions, experiments with 417
Orchards 419
Ornamental trees and shrubs 402
Parsnips 416
Peaches, report on 434
Pears, report on, with descriptions of
new varieties fruiting 430
Pease, garden, experiments with 416
Field, experiments with 408
Test of varieties 409
Pigs 402
Plums, report on, with descriptions of
new varieties fruiting 431
Potatoes, experiments with 412
Test of varieties of 413
Poultry 403
Pumpkins 417
Radishes, experiments with 417
Raspberries, Black Cap, report on.. .. 436
Ada 436
Conrath 435
Gregg 436
Hopkins 436
Kansas 436
Mammoth Cluster 436
Nemaha 435
Older 436
Palmer 435
Progress 436
Raspberries, red and yellow, report on. 435
All summer 435
Cuthbert 435
Duke of Brabant 435
French Vice-President 435
INDEX
isr(
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Page
Esperiiuental Farm, Agassiz — Con.
Raspberries, red and yellow, report oa
— Con.
Golden Queen 435
Large Yellow 435
London 435
Lord Beaconsfleld 435
New Fastolf 435
Northumberland Fillbasket 435
iPauline 435
Phcsnix 435
R. B. Whyte 435
Sarah 435
Rye, Fall 40S
Sheep 402
Small fruits 435
Soja beans, experiments with 414
Spelt. See Emmer.
Squash, experiments with 418
Summary of crops 415
Sunflowers 414
Sugar beets, experiments with 412
Turnips, experiments with 411, 417
Test of varieties of 411
Turnips, table, experiments with 417
Vegetables 415
Weather 401
Wheat, fall, experiments with 406
Wheat, spring, experiments with 406
Test of varieties of 407
Wheat, Macaroni 407
Expei'imental Farm, Brandon — ^Re-
port of the Superintendent 321
Agropyrum teiterum 339
Apples 346
Arboretum 348
Annual Flowers 354
Avenues 348
Awnless Brome grass 339
Bald wheat grass 339
Barley, experiments with 328
Test of varieties of 328, 329
Beans, French 351
Bees, experiments with 345
Beets 353
Bromus iiiermis 339
Cabbage, experiments with 352
Carrots, experiments with 336, 351
Test of varieties of 336
Cattle 341
Cauliflower 353
Clovers, experiments with 339
Corn, Indian, experiments with 333
Test of varieties of 333
Page.
Experimental Farm, Brandon— Con.
Corn sown at different distances apart. 334
Corn, sweet 352
Correspondence 355
Cows, milking 343
Crab apple seedlings, report on 346
Crab, Transcendent 343
Cucumbers 350
Currants 347
Distribution of seed grain and potatoes. 355
Of forest trees, shrubs, seeds 353
Emmer and spelt 323
Exhibition samples 3555
Farmers' meetings attended 336
Field roots 334
Flax, experiments with 331
Flowers, experiments with 354
Fruit trees, experiments with 346, 347
Gooseberries 343
Grasses 333
Horticulture 345
Iris 354
Mangels, experiments with 335
Test of varieties of 336
Maple seed 343
Meetings attended 355
Meteorological report 355
Mixed grain crops 33^
Millets, experiments with 340
Oats, experiments with S26
Oats, test of varieties of 327
Onions ggg
Parsnips 0-1
ool
Paeonies o-^
Pease, field, experiments with 329
Test of varieties of 330
Garden oig
Perennial flowers 354
Pigs, experiments with 343
Plums g^'j.
Potatoes, experiments with 337
Test of varieties of 335
Poultry, report on 344
Pijrus baccata 345
Raspberries 343
Rhubarb 353
Rotation of crops 325, 326
Samples for exhibition purposes 355
Seed grain, sale of 332, 333
Shrubs and trees, distribution of 355
Small fruits 347
Spelt. See Emmer.
Squash and pumpkins 351
Steers, experiments in feeding.. .. 341 to 343
458
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Page.
Experimental Farm, Brandon — Con.
Strawberries 348
Sugar beets, experiments with 337
Swine, experiments with 343
Tomatoes, experiments with 353
Top grafting 346
Tree distribution 355
Tulips and other bulbs 354
Turnips, experiments with 334
Turnips, test of varieties of 335
Turnips, garden 352
Vegetable garden 349
Visitors to the Experimental Farm.. .. 355
Weather 321
Wheat 321
Wheat, different methods of preparing
land for 324
Wheat Macaroni 322
Test of varieties of 323
Wheat- spring, experiments with 321
Deep and shallow sowings of 324
Field plots of 324
Preventives of smut in 324
Test of fertilizers on 323
Selected and unselected seed 325
Tent of varieties of 322
Experimental Farm, Indian Head,
Sask. — Report of the Superintend-
ent 357
Alberta, trip through 399
Alfalfa, experiments with 375
Agropyrum icuerum 375
Annuals 3SS
Apples, report on 392
Arboretum 391
Asparagus, experiments with 380
Awnless Brome grass 375
Barley, experiments with 367
Field lots of 368, 369
Test of varieties of 367, 368
Barley crop and average yield 369
Barley, comparison of field crops for
past four years 369
Beans, garden_ experiments with 381
Beets, experiments with 381
Breaking and backsetting 363
Broccoli 381
Bromus incnnis 375
Brussels Sprouts 381
Cabbage, experiments with 382
Canary grass 373
Carrots, experiments with 378
Garden 381
Cattle 394
Cauliflower, experiments with 382
Celery, experiments with 383
Page.
Experimental Farm, Indian Head,
Sask. — Con.
Citrons, experiments with 383
Clovers 375
Cauliflower, experiments with 382
Corn, Indian, experiments with 375
Test of varieties of 376
Corn, garden 382
Correspondence 399
Crab apples, Siberian 393
Crops on Experimental Farm 357
Crops, summary of 379
Cross-bred apples 392
Cucumbers, experiments with 383
Currants, report on 394
Distribution of grain, potatoes, forest
trees, &c 399
Emmer and Spelt 361
Excursions to farm 398
Experimental Farm crops 357
Feeding tests of cattle 395
Flax, experiments with 373
Flowers, report on 387
Forest trees and shrubs, distribution of. 399
Fruit crop 393
Fruit trees 392
Grain dealers' trip .. 397
Grain, distribution of samples of.. .. 451
Gooseberries, report on 394
Grasses, experiments with 375
Hay crop 374
Horse beans 373
Horses ■ 396
Institute meetings 397
Lettuce, experiments with 3S3
Mangels, experiments with 377
Meetings attended 397
Melons, experiments with 382
Meteorological report 400
Methods of preparing new ground.. .. do",
Millets, experiments with 373
Oat crop and average yield 366
Oats, experiments with ?64
Field lots of 336, 367
Test of varieties of 365
Comparison of field crops for past
five years 360, 367, 369
Onions, experiments with 384
Parsley 384
Parsnips, experiments with 384
Pease, experiments with 369
Field lots of 371
Tests of varieties of 370
Garden 370, 385
Test of varieties cf .. 870
INDEX
459
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Page
Experimental Farm, Indian Head,
Sask. — Con.
Peppers 3S4
Perennial flowers, report on 389
Plums 333, 394
Potatoes, experiments with 378
Distribution of 399
Test of varieties of 379
Poultry, report on 397
Pumpkins, experiments with 384
Radish, experiments with 385
Winter 385
Rainfall 400
Raspberries, report en 394
Rhubarb, experiments with 386
Roots, field, experiments with 376
Rotation of crops, experiments iii.. .. 371
Rye, fall 372
Rye, spring 372
Rye grass, western 375
Sage 385
Sand cherry 394
Savory 385
Seed grain, distribution of 399
Siberian Crab -• •• 393
Small fruits B94
Smut 384
Soja beans, experiments with 373
Spelt. See Emmer.
Spinach, experiments with 386
Steers, experiments with 395
Strawberries, report on 394
Summary of crops 3i9
Summer savory 385
Sugar beets, experiments with 378
Summer fallows 361
Sv.ine, report on 39S
Tares, experiments with 372
Timothy, experiments witt: 375
Tobacco 286
Tomatoes, experiments with C86
Trees and shrubs ^90
Tree seeds, planting of 391
Turnips, experiments with 377
Table 386
Test of varieties of 377
Vegetable garden •. ■■ fSO
Weather 357
Wheat, Macaroni 361
Wheat, Spring, experiments 358
Field lots of 359
• Comparison of tests for past five years 360
Test of varieties of 358
Test of fertilizers for 860
Crops and average yield 359
Pagk.
Experimental Farm, Nappan, N.S. —
Report of the Superintendent 263
Acknowledgments 2i3
Alfalfa, experiments with 231, 2S2
Barley, experiments with 267
Test of varieties of 257, 2C8
Beans, experiments with 283
Bees 293
Buckwheat, experiments with 271
Test of varieties of 271
Carrots, experiments with 2S0
Test of varieties of 280
Cattle 287
Clover, experiments with 2S1, 283, 284
Corn, Indian, experiments with 272
Field crops of 273
Sown at different distances 273
Test of varieties of 272
Correspondence 303
Cows, experiments with £37, 233
Dairy cattle 287, 288
Distribution of seed grain and potatoes. 235
Emmer and Spelt 259
Exhibitions attended 303
•Experimental Farm crops 2S5
Feeds, disposition of 283
Fertilizers, experiments v.ith 274, 284
Grain, field crops of 271
Hay 2S5
Horses 2S6
Live stock 2S6, 237
Macaroni Wheat, experiments with.. .. 289
Mangels, experiments with 273
Field crops of 273, 279
Test of varieties of 273
Meetings attended jjO
Meteorological record 2<j5
Milch cows, experiments with 2S7, 288
Millet, experiments with 2^3
Mixed grain, field crops of 271
Oats, experiments with 265
Tes't of varieties of 256
Pease, field, experiments with 270
Test of varieties of 270
Pigs 297
Potatoes, experiments with.. .. •. 230
Test of varieties of 281
Poultry 298
Rainfall 265
Seed grain and potatoes distributed 286
Sheep „. .. 298
Soja beans, experiments with 283
Spelt. See Emmer.
Steer calf experiments 293 to 297
460
EXPERIMENTAL FARMS
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Page
Experimental Farm, Nappan, N.S. —
Con.
Steers, experiments with 288 to 292
Sugar beets, experiments with 279
Test of varieties of 280
Summary of crops 285
Summary of feed used 285
Swine, experiments with 297
Turnips, experiments with 274
Field crops of 275, 276, 277
Test of varieties of 275
Visitors 300
Weather 253
Wheat, spring, experiments with.. .. 268
Test of varieties of 269
Macaroni, experiments with 269
Report of the Horticulturist 301
Acknowledgments 302
Apples, descriptions of 302 to 309
Apple crop 302
Garden heans 316
Garden pease 313
Test of varieties of 314
Garden vegetables 320
Onions 318
Pease, garden, list of best varieties 320
Pea Worm, experiments to control.. .. 311
Potatoes, Ea^rly 319
Rainfall.. 319
Soil moisture, experiments 309
Strawberries 312
Tomatoes 317
Vegetables, list of best 320
Weather 301
Fletcher, Dr. J., Entomologist and Bot-
anist— ^Report of 159
Gilbert, A. G., Poultry Manager— Report
of 233
Grisdale, J. H., Agriculturist-^Report of.. 47
Horticulturist, Central Experimen-
tal Farm — Report of the 91
Acknowledgments 93
Apples 96
Experimental shipment of, to Glasgow 104
Experimental shipment of, to Winnipeg 104
EJxperimental shipment of, 1904 105
New or not well known varieties of in
Ontario and Quebec 98
Allen Choice 99
Arthur 93
Bessie 99
Bismarck 99
Black Annette 99
Brockville Beauty S9
Page.
Horticulturist, Central Experimen-
tal Farm — Con.
Apples — Ont. and Que. — Con.
Cellini 99
Clayton 100
Coo's River Beauty 100
Dyer " 100
Duke of Connaught 100
Excelsior Crab 100
Fameuse Noire 100
Forest 100
Frazer"s Russet 101
Hoadly 101
Langford Beauty 101
Lord 101
Newell 101
Newton Spitzenburg 101
October 102
Renaud » 102
Springdale 102
Titovka 102
Stone 102
Walworth Pippin 102
Winter Rose 102
Seedling 96
Craignaivie (No. 344) 98
From R. Couglan, M.D., Hastings,
Ont. (No. 333) 97
From R. Hamilton, Grenville, P.Q.
(No. 321) 97
From R. Hamilton, Grenville, P.Q.
(No. 317) 97
From R. A. Marrison, Cataraqui,
Ont. (Xo. 334) <.S
From Wm. Pratt, Penetanguishene,
Ont. (No. 331) 97
Lincoln (No. 345) 98
Wealthy, a closely planted orchard of. 103
Arboretum 124
Black Currants, New 108
Climax 109
Clipper lOJ
Eclipse lO'J
Ethel 109
Kerry 108
Magnus lOS
Ogden lOS
Ontario 108
Saunders IDS
Success 109
Topsy lOJ
Winona 109
Botanic Garden 124
Character of season fl
Cherries 107
Cover crops Ill
Crops, fruit and vegetable 92
INDEX
461
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16
Page.
Horticulturist, Central Experimen-
tal Farm — Con.
Donations 94
Farmer's list of best vegetables 115
Fruits, the testing and originating of at
the Central Experimental Farm 95
Fruits, individuality of.. .. 105
Fungous diseases Ill
Grapes 107
Which ripened earliest, 1905 107
Lincoln 107
Early Daisy 108
Meetings attended and places visited.. 93
Pears 107
Plums 106
Potatoes 116
Spraying experiments with 121
Test of resistance to blight of 119
Test of varieties 117
Twelve best yielding varieties of, aver-
age of five years 118
Yields of, from smaller plots 119
(Raspberries 109
Seedling apples 95
Seedling fruits received for examination 95
Spraying and spray mixtures 112
Experiments with potatoes..- 121
Flour emulsion 114
New formulas for kerosene emulsion.. 113
Soda Bordeaux 112
Strawberries 109
The testing and origination of new fruits
at the Central Experimental Farm.. 95
Tobacco 123
Tomatoes 121
Experiments in pruning 122
Six earliest varieties of, 1905 122
Test of varieties 121
Twelve best yielding varieties, 1905.. 122
Varieties of apples new or not well
known in Ontario and Quebec f,'S
Vegetables 115
Farmers' list of best 115
Wealthy apple orchard, a closely
planted 103
Mackay, A., Superintendent Experi-
mental Farm, Indian Head, Sask., Re-
port of 357
Macoun, W. T., Horticulturist of the Cen-
tral Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ont.,
Report of 91
Page.
Poultry Manager, Report of the 233
Appreciation of the better quality.. .. 237
Artificial and Natural Incubation 251
A winter egg-producing ration 260
Building up prolific egg-laying strains
by means of trap nests
the high price of summer
240
234
236
240
Causes of
eggs
Conditions to be observed in the pro-
duction of selected eggs and poultry..
Commencement of winter laying
Details of experiments in fleshing
chickens 256
Experimental work 239
Establishing strains of prolific winter
layers 247
Eggs laid in six months. Old hens vs.
pullets 258
Fertilization after mating 258
Fleshing chickens in pens and crates 255
Has the cost of production increased
with enhanced values ? 235
Has the production of the better quality
of poultry and eggs kept pace with
the home demand ? 235
Hatching results from incubators and
hens 251
Incubation, natural and artificial 251
Margins of profit made by farmers 237
Number of eggs laid during the year.. 258
Numerous instances of individual hen
records shown by trap-nests.. .. 240 to 245
Results of six months' egg-laying by
pullets and old hens 259
Rations fed to different pens of fowls..
241 to 248
Summary of chicken-fleshing results.. 267
Stock on hand, Dec. 1, 1905 261
Why should exports of poultry and eggs
decrease in face of increased produc-
tion 9?n
Robertson, R., Superintendent, Experi-
mental Farm, Nappan, N.S., Report of.
Saunders, C.E., Cerealist, Report of
Saunders, Wm., Director, Report of
Sharpe, Thos. A., Superintendent, Ex-
perimental Farm, Agassiz, B.C., Report
of
263
205
401
Shutt, F. T., Chemist, Report of 125
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 A. 1906
APPENDIX
TO THE REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE FOR THE YEAR 1905
CRIMINAL STATISTICS
TEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1905
PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARDIAMENT
ANNEXE
AU RAPPORT DU MINISTRE DE L'AGRICULTURE POUR L'ANNEE 1905.
STATISTIQUE CRIMmELLE
LANNEE EXPIREE LE 30 SEPTEMBRE 1905
IMPRIME PAR ORDRE DU PARLEMENT.
OTTAWA
PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST
EXCELLENT MAJESTY
1907
[No. 17— 19C6.]
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 A. 1906
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction Page IV.
Table I. — Indictable offences n 2 and following to 169
Class I. — Offences against the person. . . u 2 n 73
Class II. — ^Offences against property with
violence n 70 „ 89
Class III. — Offences against property with-
out violence m 86 n 12-5
Class IV. — Malicious offences against pro-
perty ,. 126 II 133
Class V. — Forgery and offences against
the currency , n 134 n 141
Class VI. — Other offences not included in
the foregoing ,, 138 n 169
Table II. — Summary by classes and provinces, with
totals of each province and Canada ... . n 172 n 187
Table III. — Summary convictions n 190 n 252
Table IV. — Number of persons fined and amounts of
fines , . . . . n 254 n 258
Table V. — Summary convictions and cases subject to
trial by jury .i 260 n 265
Table VI. — Showing the number of convictions and the
number of persons to each conviction by
groups of offences, from 1896 to 1905 for
each province and Canada n 268 n 273
Table VII. — Pardons and commutations ... n 276 n 299
Index — Indictable offences n 300
Index — Summary convictions by Districts n 302 and 303
ii
5-6 EDWARD VII.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
A. 1006
TABLE DES MATIEEES
Introduction Page V.
Tableau I. — Delits justiciables d'un jury n 2 et suivantes
Classe I. — Outrages centre Ja personne. << 2 n
Classe II. — Delits avec violence contre la
propriete i 70 n
Classe III. — Delits sans ^aolence contre la
propriete 86 •<
Classe IV. — Dommages malicieux a la
propriete n 126 u
Classe V. — Faux et delits par rapport a
la monnaie n ISi <<
Classe VI. — Autres delits non compris
dans les classes prece-
dentes n 138 <,
Tableau II. — Recapitulation par classes et par provinces,
avec totaux de chaque province et du
Canada ,r 172 n
Tableau III. — Condamnations sommaires ir 190 „
Tableau IV. — Nombre de personnes mises a I'ainende et
montant des amendes n 2-54 ,,
Tableau V. — Condamnations sommaires et delits justi-
ciables d'un jury ,, 260 ,,
Tableau VI. — Indiquant le nombre de condamnations et
le nombre de personnes pour chaque con-
damnation par groupes de (felits depuis
1896 a 190.5, pour chaque province et le
Canada i 268 ,,
Tableau VII. — Pardons et commutations ,, 276 ,,
Index — Delits justiciables d'un jury n 301
Index — Condamnations sommaires par dis-
tricts M 302 et 303
1 7 — Ah iii
a 169
73
89
125
133
141
169
187
252
258
265
273
299
5-5 EDWARD VII
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
A. 1906
CRIMINAL STATISTICS OF CANADA
1905
These statistics are collected under authority of the Act respecting Criminal Statistics,
Revised Statutes of Canada, Chapter 60.
The annexed repoi't is made up of indictable offences and summary convictions, the
former including all cases tried by police and other magistrates with the consent of the
accused, under the Acts respecting Speedy Trials, Summary Trials by' Consent and Juv-
enile Offenders, while the latter are made up of cases disposed of by justices of the
peace out of sessions, under the Act respecting Summary Convictions.
INDICTABLE OFFENCES.
The indictable offences are divided into the following six classes: — 1. Offences
against the person ; 2. Offences against property with violence ; 3. Offences against pro-
perty without violence ; 4, Malicious offences against property ; 5. Forgery and other
offences against the currency ; 6. Other offences not included in the foregoing classes.
During the year ending September 30, 1905 there were 10,951 charges for indict-
able offences throughout the several provinces of the Dominion, against 9,901 the year
before, and out of these 3,275 were acquitted in 1905 against 3,089 in 1904 ; twenty-nine
were detained for lunacy in 1905 against 10 in 1904; twenty-three in 1905 and 48 in
1904 for various causes such as nolle prosequi, jury disagreed, bail forfeited, etc., receiv-
ed no sentence, leaving thereby the number of convictions at 7,624 for 1905 against
6,754 for 1904, and representing an increase per cent, of 10*55 for charges and 12-88
for convictions during the year.
The following table shows the number of charges and convictions with percentage
of convictions to charges, by' provinces: —
CHARGES AND CONVICTIONS.
1905. .
Percentage
of
1904.
Percentage
of
Provinces.
Charges.
Convictions.
convictions
to
charges.
Charges.
Convictions.
convictions
to
charges.
Manitoba
Quebec
British Columbia
719
2,529
823
177
4,904
62
663
1,074
609
2,065
598
126
3,236
37
384
569
81
81
72
71
65
59
57
52
86
65
76
19
98
77
92
98
611
2,139
529
213
4,701
41
664
1,003
489
1,738
379
122
3,034
28
434
530
80
81
71
57
64
68
65
52
03
21
64
New Brunswick ...
Ontario
P. E. Island
28
54
30
36
The Territories
84
Canada
10,951
7,624
69-62
9,901
6,754
68-21
5-6 EDWARD VII.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
A. 1906
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE DU CANADA
1905.
Cette statistique est recueillie en vei'tu de I'Acte concernant la Statistique Criminelle,
Statuts Revises du Canada, chap. 60.
Le rapport ci-joint se compose d'offences ou delits justiciables d'un jury et de con-
damnations sommaires, les premiers comprenant tous les cas expedies par les magistrats
de police ou autres juges de paix, du consentement des accuses, sous I'autorite des lois
concernant les proces expeditifs, les proces sommaires et les jeunes delinquants ; tandis
que les dernieres ne contiennent que les cas expedies sommairement par les juges de paix
en dehors des sessions, sous I'autorite de I'Acte concernant les condamnations sommaires.
DELITS JUSTICIABLES d'uN JURY.
Les delits justiciables d'un jury se divisent en six classes, savoir : outrages contre
la personne, delits avec violence contre la propriete, delits sans violence contre la pro-
priete, dommages malicieux a la propriete, faux et delits par rapport a la monnaie, et
autres delits non compris dans les classes precedences.
Le nombre d'accusations dans les differentes provinces pour delits justiciables d'un
jury, durant I'annee 1905, s'elevait a 10,951, contre 9,901 I'annee precedente ; le nombre
d'acquittements a 3,275 en 1905 conti'e 3,089 en 1904 ; le nombre de cas d'emprisonne-
ments pour cause de folie a 29 en 1905 contre 10 en 1904 ; tandis que, pour des raisons
telles que nolle prosequi, disaccord des jures, defauts des cautions, etc., il n'y a eu
aucune sentence de prononcee dans 23 cas en 1905 contre 48 en 1904, laissant ain.si le
nombre des condamnations a 7,624 en 1905 contre 6,754 I'annee precedente, soit une
augmentation de 10 55 pour cent dans les accusations et de 12-88 pour cent dans les
condamnations durant I'annee.
Le tableau suivant donne le nombre d'accusations et de condamnations avec les
proportions pour cent des dernieres au premieres, par provinces : —
ACCDSATIONS ET CONDAMNATIONS.
Provinces.
1905.
P.c. des
condamna-
tions aux
accusations .
1904.
P.c. des
condamna-
Accusations.
Con-
damnations .
Accusations.
Con-
damnations.
tions aux
accusations .
Manitoba
Quebec
Colombie-Britannique
Nouveau-Brunswick
Ontario
He du Prince-Edouard
Nouvelle-Ecosse
Les Territoires
719
2,.529
823
177
4,904
62
663
1,074
609
2,065
598
126
3,236
37
384
569
81-86
81 65
72-76
71 19
65-98
59-77
57-92
52-98
611
2,139
529
21.S
4,701
41
664
1,003
489
1,738
379
122
3,034
28
434
530
80
81
71
57
64
68
65
52
03
21
64
28
54
30
36
84
Canada
10,951 7,624
69-62
9,901 ' 6,754
68
21
vi CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
As shown by the foregoing table the number of convictions for 1 905 has increased
in all the provinces, except Nova Scotia. The position held by the several provinces in
1 904, as regards the number of charges that became convictions, is considerably changed
in the present report. Manitoba v^hich was second on the list in 1904 is now first,
taking the place of Quebec, while New Brunswick which occupied the seventh place
last year is now the fourth on the list, passing ahead of Prince Edward Island, Nova
Scotia and Ontario. The lowest percentage of convictions to charges belongs to the
Territories for both years.
The following table gives the number of convictions and their ratios according to
population, in the order of criminality for 1905 compared with 1904, by provinces :
NUMBER AND RATIO OF CONVICTIONS BY PROVINCES.
Provinces.
British Columbia
Manitoba
The Territories
Ontario
Quebec
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Prince Edward Island . .
Canada
1905.
Number
of
convictions.
598
609
569
3,236
2,065
384
126
37
7,624
Ratio
per 10,000
of
population.
•98
•45
•81
•62
•99
■28
•76
■66
1904.
1318
Number
of
convictions .
Ratio
per 10,000
of
population.
379
489
530
3,034
1,738
434
122
28
6,754
■46
00
■43
■75
19
■38
■65
•76
12 05
It will be observed by the above columns of ratios that crime appears to be mure
prevalent, in relation to population, in the West than in the East, the figures represent-
ing the rate of criminality being in every case much higher in the western than in the
eastern provinces.
Out of the total number of persons convicted in 1905, 414 or 5-43 per cent were
female offenders, as compared with 377 or 5-58 per cent the year before; 219 of the
414 female oflfenders were from Ontario, 117 from Quebec, 32 from Nova Scotia, 21 from
Manitoba, 10 from British Columbia, 8 from the Territories, 6 from New Brunswick
and 1 from Prince Edward Island, while out of the 377 female offenders for 1904, 167
were from Ontario, 103 from Quebec, 45 from Nova Scotia, 32 from Manitoba, 21 from
the Territories, 5 from New Brunswick, 2 from British Columbia and 1 from Prince
Edward Island.
The number of offenders under 16 years of age has also increased during the
year, the figures being 800 for 1905 against 697 the year before, or an increase of 14-77 per
cent. Out of the 800 young offenders for 1905, 431 were from Ontario, 204 from Quebec,
75 from Manitoba, 42 from Nova Scotia, 24 from British Columbia, 16 from New Bruns-
wick, 6 from the Territories and 2 from Prince Edward Island ; and out of the 697
young offenders for 1904, 389 were from Ontario, 124 from Quebec, 81 from Manitoba,
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1 905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tel que I'indique le tableau precedent le nombre de condamnations a augmente
durant I'annee dans toutes les provinces, excepte la Nouvelle-Ecosse. La position occupee
par les diflferentes provinces en 1904, relativement au nombre d'accusations qui ont ete
converties en condamnations, est considerablement changee dans le present rapport.
Manitoba qui etait la seconde province sur la liste en 1904 est maintenant la premiere,
a la place de Quebec, tandis que le Nouveau-Brunswick qui occupait la septieme place
Sur la liste de 1904 occupe la quatrieme cette annee, apres la Colombie-Britannique,
rile du Prince-Edouard, la Nouvelle-Ecosse et Ontario. La proportion la moins elevee
des condamnations par rapport aux accusations se trouve dans les Territoires pour les
deux annees.
Le tableau suivant donne le nombre des condamnations avec les proportions d'apres
la population, dans I'ordre de criminalite pour I'annee 1905 comparee avec 1904, par
provinces : —
NOMBRE ET PROPOKTIOX DES CONDAMNATIONS PAR PROVINCES.
Provinces.
1905.
1904.
Nombre L^,^^ro^^l' Nombre
de condam- IPf 10-000 de decondam-
tion.
nations.
Proportion
par 10.000 de
ia popula-
tion.
Colombie-Britannique .
Manitoba
Les Territoires
Ontario
Quebec
Nouvelle-Ecosse
Nouveau-Brunswick . .
lie du Prmce-Edouard
Canada . .
598
609
569
3,236
2,065
384
126
37
7.624
23
98
18
45
15
81
14
62
11
99
8
28
3
76
3-66
13
18
379
489
530
3,034
1,738
434
122
28
6,754
46
•00
43
•75
19
•38
•65
•76
12 05
On remarquera par la colonne proportionnelle du tableau precedent que le crime en
general semble avoir plus de prise sur les populations de I'Ouest que sur celles de I'Est,
les chiffres representant la criminalite etant dans chaque cas plus eleves dans les pro-
vinces de I'ouest que dans celles de Test.
Du total des personnes condamnees en 1905, 414 ou 5-43 pour cent appartenaient
au sexe feminin, contre 377 ou 5*58 pour cent I'annee precedente ; 219 des 414 femmes
condamnees en 1905 venaieut d'Ontario, 117 de Quebec, 32 de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, 21 du
Manitoba, lOde la Colombie-Britannique, 8 des Territoires, 6 du Nouveau-Brunswick, et 1
de rile du Prince-Edouard ; tandis que des 377 femmes condamnees en 1904, 167 venaient
d'Ontario, 103 de Quebec, 45dela Nouvelle-Ecosse, 32 du Manitoba, 21 des Territoires, 5
du Nouveau-Brunswick, 2 de la Colombie-Britannique et 1 de I'lle du Prince-Edouard.
Le nombre des jeunes delinquants au-dessous de 16 ans a aussi augmente durant
I'annee, de 697 en 1904 a 800 en 1905, soit une augmentation de 14*77 pour cent. Onta-
rio comptait 431 des 800 jeunes delinquants, Quebec 204, Manitoba 75, la Nouvelle-
Ecosse 42, la Colombie-Britannique 24, le Nouveau-Brunswick 16, les Territoires 6 et
rile du Prince-Edouard 2 ; et sur les 697 jeunes delinquants de 1904, Ontario en comptait
389, Quebec 124, Manitoba 81, Nouvelle-Ecosse 66, la Colombie-Britannique 14, Nou-
viii Cr. LMINAL ST ATISTICS— 1 9 05.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
66 from Nova Scotia, 14 each from British Columbia and New Brunswick, 7 from the
Territories and 2 from Prince Edward Island. The number of female offenders under
16 years of age was 49 in 1905 against 34 the year before, of which 35 were from
Ontario, 7 from Quebec, 5 from Manitoba and 2 from Nova Scotia in 1905, as compared
with 19 from Ontario, 7 from Manitoba, 6 from Quebec and 2 from Nova Scotia in
1904.
INDICTABLE OFFENCES BY CLASSES.
The number of convictions in Class I., offences against the person, including
murder, manslaughter, rape, assault. &c., has increased by fifteen during the year, the
figures being 1,620 for 1905 against 1,605 for the previous year. The provinces showing
decreases are : Nova Scotia from 179 to 152, Quebec from 429 to 403, and the Terri-
tories from 120 to 99, while those showing increases are: Manitoba from 73 to 102,
British Columbia from 83 to 116, Ontario from 670 to 684, New Brunswick from 36 to
47, and Prince Edward Island from 15 to 17.
There were 40 charges and 12 convictions for murder in 1905, against 27 charges
and 14 convictions for the same crime the year before. Out of the 12 convictions in
1905, 5 were from Ontario, 2 each from Quebec and British Columbia, and 1
each from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and the Territories; while 8 of the 14
convictions for murder in 1904 were from British Columbia, 2 from Quebec, and 1
each from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario and the Territories.
For attempt at murder, 17 persons were charged and 6 were convicted in 1905,
against 15 charges and 7 convictions for the same crime the year before. Of the 6
convictions for 1905 2 each were from Ontario and the Territories, and 1 each from
Quebec and New Brunswick, and of the 7 convictions for 1904, 3 were from
Quebec, 2 from British Columbia, and 1 each from Ontario and the Territories.
There were 29 charges and 15 convictions for manslaughter in 1905, as compared with
29 charges and 19 convictions the year before; of the 15 convictions for 1905, 5 were
from Quebec, 4 from Ontario, and 3 each from Manitoba and the Territories, while 6 of
the 19 convictions for 1904 were from Ontario, 6 from Quebec, 3 from Nova Scotia, 2
from British Columbia, and 1 each from Manitoba and the Territories.
There were 239 charges and 115 convictions for rape and other crimes against
decency in 1905, as compared with 241 charges and 104 convictions the year before;
out of the 115 convictions for 1905, 58 were from Ontario, 20 from Quebec, 10 from
British Columbia, 9 from Nova Scotia, 8 each from Manitoba and the Territories, 2
from New Brunswick and none from Prince Edward Island; and out of the 104 con-
victions for 1904, 51 came from Ontario, 13 from the Territories, 12 from Quebec, 10
from Manitoba, 9 from Nova Scotia, 7 from British Columbia, 2 from New Brunswick
and none from Prince Edward Island.
For shooting, stabbing and wounding with intent, there were 168 charges and 104
convictions in 1905, as compared with 181 charges and 111 convictions the year prev-
ious; distributed by provinces in the following order: in 1905 Ontario had 55
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1 905. ix
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
veau-Brunswick 14, les Territoires 7 et File du Prince-Edouarrl 2. Le nombi-e des
jeunes delinquantes au-dessous de 16 ans etait de 49 ea 1905, contre 34 I'annee d'aupa-
ravant, dont 35 etaient d'Ontario, 7 de Quebec, 5 du Manitoba et 2 de la ]*>]ouve]le-
Ecosse en 1905, centre 19 d'Ontario, 7 du Manitoba, 6 de Quebec et deux de la Xou-
velle-Ecosse en 1904.
DELITS JUSTICIABLES d'uN .JURY PAR CLASSES.
Le nombre de condainnations dans la classe I, outrages contre la personne, compve-
nant les cas de meurtre, homicide non premedite, viol, voies de fait, etc., a augmente de
15 durant I'annee, de 1605 en 1904 a 1620 en 1905. Les provinces montrant das dimi-
nutions sont la Nouvelle-Ecosse, de 179 a 152, Quebec de 429 a 403 et les Territoires de
120 a 99 ; tandis que les provinces montrant des augmentations sont le Manitoba, de 73
a 102, la Colombie-Britannique de S^i a 116, Ontario de 670 a 684, le Nou veau-
Brunswick de 36 a 47 et File du Prince- Edouard de 15 a 17.
II y avait 40 accusations et 12 condamnations pour meurtre en 1905, contre 27
accusations et 14 condamnations pour le meme crime I'annee precedente. Des douze
condamnations en 1905, cinq etaient d'Ontario, deux chacune de Quebec et de la
Colombie-Britannique et une chacune de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, du Nouveau-Brunswick et
des Territoires ; tandis que huit des 14 condamnations pour meurtre en 1904 etaient de
la Colombie-Britannique, deux de Quebec et une chacune de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, du
Nou veau-Brunswick, d'Ontario et des Territoires.
Le nombre de personnes accusees de tentative de meurtre s'elevait a 17 en 1905,
dont six ontete condamnees, contre 15 accusations pour le meme crime en 1904, dont
sept condamnations. Des six condamnations pour 1 905, Ontario en comptait deux et les
Territoires le meme nombre, tandis que Quebec et le Nouveau-Brunswick en comptaient
une chacune ; des sept condamnations pour 1904, trois venaient de Quebec, deux de la
Colombie-Britannique et une chacune d'Ontario et des Territoires.
II y avait 29 accusations et 15 condamnations pour homicide non premedite en 1905,
contre 29 accusations et 19 condamnations I'annee precedente ; des 15 condamnations
pour 1905, cinq etaient de Quebec, quatre d'Ontario, et trois chacune du Manitoba et
des Territoires ; tandis que six des 19 condamnations pour 1904 etaient d'Ontario, 6 de
Quebec, 3 de la jSouvelle-Ecosse, 2 de la Colombie-Britannique et une chacune du
Manitoba et des Territoires.
On comptait 239 accusations et 115 condamnations pour viol et autres outrages a la
pudeur en 1905, contre 241 accusations et 104 condamnations pour le meme crime en
1904. Des 115 condamnations en 1905, 58 etaient d'Ontario, 20 de Quebec, 10 de la
Colombie-Britannique, 9 de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, 8 chacune du Manitoba et des Territoires,
2 du Nou veau-Brunswick et aucune de File du Pi ince-Edouard ; tandis que 51 des 104
condamnations de 1904 etaient d'Ontario, 13 des Territoires, 12 de Quebec, 10 du
Manitoba, 9 de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, 7 de la Colombie-Britannique, 2 du Nouveau-
Brunswick et aucune de File du Prince-Edouard.
II y avait 168 accusations et 104 condamnations pour usage d'armes avec intention
criminelle en 1905, comparativement a 181 accusations et 111 condamnations I'annee
precedente, par provinces dans Fordre suivant : en 1905 Ontario comptait 55 condamna-
X CRI:MINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
convictions, Manitoba 19, Quebec 10, British Columbia 9, Nova Scotia 6, the Territories
4 and New Brunswick 1 ; in 1904 Ontario had 61 convictions, Nova Scotia 16, Quebec
12, British Columbia 9, Manitoba 7, New Brunswick 4 and the Territories 2, while
Prince Edward Island had none for both years. The highest figure in this class of
offences belongs to assaults of all kinds, for which there were 1,200 convictions in 1905,
or 74-07 per cent of the whole, against 1,176 or 73-27 per cent of the whole the year
before, distributed by provinces in the following order : Ontario 452 in 1905 and 431 in
1904, Quebec 331 in 1905 and 369 in 1904, Nova Scotia 129 in 1905 and 145 in 1904,
the Territories 78 in 1905 and 86 in 1904, British Columbia 89 in 1905 and 51 in 1904,
Manitoba 64 in 1905 and 50 in 1904, New Brunswick 40 in 1905 and 29 in 1904 and
Prince Edward Island 17 in 1905 and 15 in 1904.
OFFENCES AGAINST PROPERTY WITH VIOLENCE.
In Class TI, ofiences against property with violence, including burglary, house and
shop breaking, etc., the number of convictions during the year, has increased from 552
in 1904, to 656 in 1905. The provinces showing increases in this class of offences are
Quebec from 147 to 225, Ontario from 286 to 307, Manitoba from 22 to 54 and Prince
Edward Island from nothing to 2 ; while decreases are to be found during the year in
Nova Scotia from 40 to 23, in New Brunswick from 1 1 to 9, in British Columbia from
28 to 23 and in the Territories from 18 to 13. The highest j^ercentage in this class
belongs to house and shop breaking with 580 charges and 462 convictions in 1905, as
compared with 474 charges and 356 convictions the year before. Out of the 462 con-
victions for 1905, Quebec had 195, Ontario 174, Manitoba 48, British Columbia 15,
Nova Scotia 14, Territories 9, New Brunswick 5 and Prince Edward Island 2, and out
of the 356 convictions for 1904, Ontario had 169, Quebec 107, Nova Scotia 29, Mani-
toba 16, British Columbia 16, the Territories 12, New Brunswick 7 and Prince Edward
Island none.
OFFENCES AGAINST PROPERTY WITHOUT VIOLENCE.
Class III, offences against property without violence, including larceny, horse and
cattle stealing, embezzlement, fraud and false pretences, etc., shows an increase of 263
in the number of convictions during the year, from 3,969 in 1904 to 4,232 in 1905.
Increases are found in Ontario from 1,802 to 1,935, in Quebec from 1,026 to 1,087, in
the Territories from 325 to 371, in Manitoba from 339 to 382, in New Brunswick from
63 to 66, and in Prince Edward Island from 4 to 12, while British Columbia and Nova
Scotia show decreases, the former from 228 to 198 and the latter from 182 to 181.
This class represents 55-51 per cent of the total convictions for indictable offences
in 1905, as compared with 58-76 per cent the year before, the highest figure being for
larceny, with 3,774 convictions in 1905 against 3,504 the year before, or 89-18 per cent
of the total number of convictions constituting this class of offences in 1905 against
.88-28 in 1904. The number of convictions for larceny has increased during the year in
every province, except British Columbia which shows a decrease of 19, from 191 to 172 ;
the other provinces have increased in the following manner : — Ontario from 1608 to
1761, Quebec from 943 to 986, New Brunswick from 60 to 64, Nova Scotia from 157 to
168, Manitoba from 319 to 353, the Territories from 222 to 259, and Prince Edward
Island from 4 to 11.
STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE — 1 9 05. xi
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
tions, Manitoba 19, Quebec 10, Colorabie-Britannique 9, Nouvelle-Ecosse 6, les Terri-
toires 4 et le Nouveau-Brunswick 1 ; en 190-t Ontario comptait 61 condamnations, la
Kouvelle-Ecosse 16, Quebec 12, la Colombie-Britannique 9, Manitoba 7, le Nouveau-
Brunswick 4, les Territoires 2 ; il n'a ete fait rapport d'aucun de ces delits pour I'lle du
Priace-Edouard durant les deux annees. Mais le chifiFre le plus eleve dans cette classe de
delits est celui des voies de fait de toutes sortes qui etait de 1,200 en 1905, soit 74-07 pour
cent du total des condamnations. centre 1,176 ou 73-27 pour cent du total des condam-
nations de cette classe I'annee precedente, par provinces dans I'ordre suivant : — 452 dans
Ontario en 1905 contre 331 en 1904, Quebec 331 contre 369, la Nouvelle-Ecosse 129
contre 145, les Territoires 78 contre 86, la Colombie-Britannique 89 contre 51, Manitoba
64 contre 50, le ISTouveau-Brunswick 40 contre 29 et I'lle du Prince-Edouard 17 contre 15.
DELITS AVEC VIOLENCE CONTRE LA PROPRIETE.
Dans la classe II, delits avec violence contre la propriete, comprenant le vol avec
effraction, les bris de maisons et de magasins, etc., le nombi'e de condamnations a
augmente de 552 qu'il etait en 1904 a 656 en 1905. Les provinces montrant des
augmentations dans cette classe de delits durant lannee sent Quebec, de 147 a 225,
Ontario de 286 a 307, Manitoba de 22 a 54 et I'lle du Prince-Edouard de 0 a 2 ; tandis
que des diminutions se trouvent dans la Nouvelle-Ecosse, de 40 a 23, dans le Nouveau-
Brunswick de 11 a 9, dans la Colombie-Britannique de 28 a 23 et dans les Territoires
de 18 a 13. Les chiffres les plus eleves dans cette classe de delits sont ceux qui repre-
sentent les bris de maisons et de magasins pour lesquels il y avait 5S0 accusations et 462
condamnations en 1905, contre 474 accusations et 356 condamnations I'annee precedente.
Des 462 condamnations en 1905, Quebec en comptait 195, Ontario 174, Manitoba 48, la
Colombie Britannique 15, la Nouvelle-Eeosse 14, les Territoires 9, le Nouveau-Brunswick
5, et ITle du Prince-Edouard 2, et des 356 condamnations en 1904 Ontario en comptait
169, Quebec 107, la Nouvelle-Ecosse 29, Manitoba 16, la Colombie-Britannique 16, les
Territoires 12, le Nouveau-Brunswick 7 et File du Prince-Edouard aucune.
DELITS SANS VIOLENCE CONTRE LA PROPRIETE.
La classe III, delits sans violence contre la propriete, dans laquelle se trouvent
compris les cas de larcin, vol de chevaux et de betail, detournement, fraude et faux pre-
textes, etc., indique une augmentation de 263 dans le nombre de condamnations durant
I'annee, de 3,969 en 1904 a 4,232 en 1905. Les augmentations se trouvent dans
Ontario, de 1802 k 1935, dans Quebec de 1026 a 1087, dans les Territoires de 325 a 371,
dans le Manitoba de o39 a 382, dans le Nouveau-Brunswick de 63 a 66, et dans File du
Prince-Edouard de 4 a 1 2 ; tandis que la Colombie-Britannique et la Nouvelle-Ecosse
accusent des diminutions, la premiere de 228 a 198 et la derniere de 182 a 181.
Cette classe represente 55 51 pour cent du total des condamnations pour delits
justiciables d'un jury en 1905, contre 58*76 pour cent I'annee pi-ecedente, le chiffre le
plus eleve etant pour les cas de larcin dont le nombre de condamnations en 1905 etait
de 3,774, contre 3,504 en 1904, soit 89-18 pour cent du total constituant cette classe de
delits en 1905, et 88-28 pour cent en 1904. Le nombre de condamnations pour larcin a
augmente durant I'annee dans toutes les provinces, excepte la Colombie-Britannique qui
indique une diminution de 19, de 191 a 172. Ontario a augmente de 1,608 a 1,761,
Quebec de 943 a 986, le Nouveau-Brunswick de 60 a 64, la Nouvelle-Ecosse de 157 a
xii CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 19 05.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
The following table shows the number of convictions for larceny with ratios in
relation to population, by provinces, in the order of criminality for the year 1905 com-
pared with 1904 : —
LARCKNY IN 1905 AND 1904, WITH RATIOS.
1905.
1904.
Provinces.
Number
of
convictions .
Ratio
per 10,000
of
population.
Number
of
convictions.
Ratio
per 10,000
of
population.
Manitoba
353
1,761
172
259
986
168
64
11
10-70
7-95
7-32
719
514
3-62
1-91
109
319
1,608
191
222
943
157
60
4
14 34
Ontario
British Columbia . . .'
The Territories
7-29
8-80
S 14
Quebec
Nova Scotia
.5-53
3 39
New Brunswick
Prince Ilidvvard Island ...
1-79
0 39
Canada
3,774
6-53
3,504
6-25
The position held in the above table by the several provinces, regarding ratios of
criminaHty, is the same as that held by each in the previous report, with this exception
that Ontario instead of being the fourth is now the second highest.
MALICIOUS OFFENCES AGAINST PROPERTY.
In Class IV, malicious offences against property, are comprised arson, mahcious
injury to horses and cattle, and other wilful damage to property ; the number of con-
victions for this class has been reduced by 6 during the year, from 100 in 1904 to 94
in 1905. Twenty-nine persons were convicted of arson in 1905 against 35 in 1904, and
of the 29, 18 were from Ontario, 4 from Nova Scotia, 3 from Quebec, 2 from Manitoba,
1 each from Bi-itish Columbia and New Brunswick, and none from the Territories and
Prince Edward Island, while 17 of the 35 couvictions for 1904 were from Ontario, 8
from the Territories, 6 from Nova Scotia, 2 from Quebec, 1 each from New Brunswick
and British Columbia and none from Manitoba and Prince Edward Island.
The number of convictions for malicious injury to horses and cattle is 65 for both
years. Out of those convicted in 1905, 19 were from Ontario, 14 from Quebec, 12 from
the Territories, 9 from British Columbia, 6 from Manitoba, 4 from Prince Edward Island,
1 from Nova Scotia and none from New Brunswick, and out of those convicted in 1904,
21 were from Quebec, 20 from Ontario, 10 from the Territoiies, 5 from Prince Edward
Island, 4 from British Columbia, 3 from Nova Scotia, 2 from Manitoba and none from
New Brunswick.
FORGERY AND OFFENCES AGAINST CURRENCY.
Class V, forgery and offences against currency, has increased from 152 in 1904 to
173 in 1905, the provinces showing increases being Nova Scotia from 4 convictions in
1904 to 7 in 1905, Ontario from 57 to 70, Manitoba from 42 to 52, British Columbia
from 10 to 16, Quebec from 16 to 19 and New Brunswick from none to one, and the pro-
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905. xiii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
168, le Manitoba de 319 a 353, les Territoires de 222 a 259 et File du Prince-Edouard
de4a 11.
Le tableau suivant montre le nombre de condaninations pour larcin avec les pro-
portions d'apres la population, par provinces, dans I'ordre de criminalite pour I'annee
1905 compai'ee avec 1904 : —
LARCIN EN 1905 ET 1904, AVEC PROPORTIONS.
-
1905.
1904.
Provinces.
Nombre
de condani-
nations.
Proportion
par 10, 000 de
la popula-
tion.
Nombre
de condam-
nations.
Proportion
par 10, 000 de
la popula-
tion.
Manitoba
353
1,761
172
259
986
168
64
11
10
7
70
9.")
319
1,608
191
222
943
157
60
4
14
7
8
8
5
3
1
0
34
29
Colombie-Britannique . .
7
7
5
3
1
1
32
19
14
62
91
09
80
14
.^3
39
Kouveau- Brunswick
79
39
Canada ....
3,774
6o3
3,504
6-25
La position occupee dans le tableau precedent par les differentes provinces, relati-
vement a la criminalite, est la meme que celle qu'elles occupaient dans le rapport de I'an
dernier, a I'exception d'Ontario qui est la deuxieme sur la liste cette annee et qui etait
la quatrieme Tan dernier.
DOMMAGES MALICIEUX A LA PROPRIETE.
Dans la classe IV, dommages malicieux a la propriete, se trouvent compris les
crimes d'incendie, les dommages malicieux aux chevaux et bestiaux et autres dommages
volontaires a la propriete, le nombre de condamnations indique une diminution de six
durant I'annee, de 100 en 1904 a 94 en 1905. Vingt-neuf personnesont ete condamnees
pour crime d'incendie en 1905 contre 35 en 1904, et de ces 29, dix-huit etaient d'Ontario,
4 de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, 3 de Quebec, 2 du Manitoba, une chacune de la Colombie-
Britannique et du Nouveau-Brunswick, et aucune des Territoires et de I'lle du Prince-
Edouard ; tandis que des 35 condamnations pour 1904 dix-sept etaient d'Ontario, 8 des
Territoires, 6 de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, 2 de Quebec, une chacune du Nouveau-Brunswick
et de la Colombie-Britannique, et aucune du Manitoba et de I'lle du Prince-Edouard.
Le nombre de condamnations pour dommages malicieux aux chevaux et bestiaux
est de 65 pour les deux annees. Du nombre de personnes condamnees en 1905, dix-neuf
etaient d'Ontario, 14 de Quebec, 12 des Territoires, 9 de la Colombie-Britannique, 6 du
Manitoba, 4 de I'lle du Prince-Edouard, une de la Nouvelle-Ecosse et aucune du
Nouveau-Brunswick, et du nombre de personnes condamnees I'annee precedente, 21
etaient de Quebec, 20 d'Ontario, 10 des Territoires, 5 de I'lle du Prince-Edouard, 4 de
la Colombie-Britannique, 3 deia Nouvelle-Ecosse, 2 du Manitoba et aucune du Nouveau-
Brunswick.
xiv CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
vinces showing decreases being the Territories, from 22 convictions in 1904 to 8 in 1905,
and Prince Edward Island from one to none.
OTHER OFFENCES.
In Class VI, other offences not included in the foregoing classes, comprising the
carrying of unlawful weapons, conspiracy, violation of the Electoral Act. offences against
Gambling and Lottery Acts, perjury and subornation of perjury, etc., the number of con-
victions has increased by 125 per cent, from 376 in 1904 to 849 in 1905. The provinces,
showing increases in this class are Quebec from 97 to 314, British Columbia from 25 to
235, Ontario from 182 to 203, the Territories from 27 to 66, and the provinces showing
decreases are New Brunswick from 11 to 2, Nova Scotia from 20 to 16, Prince Edward
Island from 3 to 2, while Manitoba shows 11 for both years.
The number of convictions for perjury and subornation of perjury shows an increase
of 6 during the year, from 20 in 1904 to 26 in 1905. Ontario had 6 in 1904 and 16
in 1905, Quebec 5 in 1904 and 3 in 1905, British Columbia 4 in 1904 and 1 in 1905,
the Territories 4 in 1904 and 3 in 1905, Nova Scotia 1 in 1904 and 2 in 1905, while
New Brunswick had none in 1904 and 1 in 1905, and Prince Edward Island none for
both years.
RECIDIVISTS.
More than four-fifths or 80*80 per cent of the total number of indictable offenders
were convicted for the first time, 11 "32 per cent for the second time and 9-00 per cent
were recidivists or habitual criminals in 1905, as compared with 78*40, 12*48 and 9*01
respectively the year before.
SENTENCES.
Sentences.
1904.
Sentenced to jail with the option of a fine
It for under one year
M for one year and under two
to penitentiary for two years and under live .
I, for five years and over
H for life
to death . . . . .
to reformatories
Other sentences
1,796
1,302
2,697
2.454
368
367
519
501
153
156
2
12
14
305
232
1,772
1,728
According to the above statement, 23*56 per cent of the total number of offenders
were sentenced to jail with the option of a fine in 1905, as compared with 19*28 the
year before ; 35*37 per cent in 1905 against 36*33 in 1904 were sentenced to jail for
less than one year ; 4*87 per cent in 1905 against 5*43 in 1904 were sentenced to jail
for one year and under two : 6*81 per cent, were sentenced to penitentiary for two and
less than five years and 2*01 per cent to five years and over in 1905, against 7*42 and
2*31 respectively the year before. Two life sentences were recorded in 1905 and none
the year before, while there were 12 death sentences in 1905 and 14 the year before.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905. xv
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
FAUX ET DELITS PAR RAPPORT A LA MONNAIE.
La classe V, faux et d^Iits par rapport a la monnaie, indique une augmentation de
21 dans le nombre de condamnations, 152 en 1904 et 173 en 1905 ; les provinces mon-
trant des augmentations sont la Nouvelle-Ecosse, de 4 en 1904 a 7 en 1905, Ontario de
57 a 70, Manitoba de 42 a 52, la Colombie-Britannique de 10 a 16, Quebec de 16 a 19,
le Xouveau-Brunswick de 0 a 1, et les provinces montrant des diminutions sont les Ter-
ritoires de 22 a 8 et I'lle du Prince-Edouard de 1 a 0.
AUTRES DELITS.
Dans la classe VI, autx'es delits noa compris dans les classes precedentes, renfer-
mant les cas de port d'armes illegal, conspiration, infractions a la loi electorale, infrac-
tions aux lois defendant le jeu et les loteries, parjure et subornation de parjure, etc., le
nombre de condamnations a augmente de 125 pour cent durant I'annee, de 376 en 1904
a 849 en 1905. Les provinces montant des augmentations dans cette classe sont Quebec,
de 97 a 314, la Colombie-Britannique de 25 a 235, Ontario de J 82 a 203, les Terri-
toires de 27 a 66 ; les provinces montrant des diminutions sont le Nouveau-Brunswick,
de 11 a 2, la Nouvelle-Ecosse de 20 a 16, File du Prince-Edouard de 3 a 2, tandis que
dans le Manitoba 1 1 condamnations sont donnees pour chacune des deux annees.
Le nombre de condamnations pour parjure et subornation de parjure indique une
augmentation de six durant I'annee, vingt en 1904 contre vingt-six en 1905, par pro-
provinces : — Ontario 6 en 1904etl6en 1905, Quebec 5 en 1904 et 3 en 1905, Colombie-
Britannique 4 eu 1904 et 1 en 1905, les Territoires 4 en 1904 et 3 en 1905, la Nouvelle-
Ecosse 1 en 1904 et 2 en 1905, tandis que le Nouveau-Brunswick en comptait aucune
en 1904 et une en 1905 et I'lle du Prince-Edouard aucune pour les deux annees.
RECIDIVISTES.
Plus des quatre cinquiemes ou 80-80 pour cent du total des delinquants ont ete
condamnes une premifere fois, 11*32 pour cent une deuxieme fois et 9-00 pour cent etaient
des recidivistes en 1905, contre 78-40, 12-48 et 9*01 respectivement I'annee precedente.
SENTENCES.
Sentences.
1904.
Condamnes a I'option entre la prison ou 1' amende , . .
a la prison pour moins d'un ati
M un an et moins de deux
au penitencier pour deux ans et moins de cinq.
11 cinq ans et au-dessus
M la vie
a mort ....
aux ecoles de reforme . .
Autres sentences
1,796
1,302
2,697
2,454
368
367
519
501
153
156
2
12
14
305
232
1,772
1,728
Tel que I'indique le tableau precedent, 23 "56 pour cent du total des delinquants ont
etd condamnes a I'option entre la prison et I'amende en 1905, comparativement a 19-28,
I'annee d'auparavant : 35-37 pour cent ont ete condamnes a la prison pour moins d'un
an en 1905, contre 36-33 I'annee precedente; 4-87 pour cent en 1905 et 5-43 en 1904
xvi CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
The sentences to reformatories represented 4 per cent of the total number of persons
convicted in 1905 against 4*97 the year previous. Other sentences representing
respectively •23-24 and 25-58 per cent of the total convictions for 1905 and 1904, are
made of such cases as were bound to keep the peace, sentence deferred, &c.
OCCUPATIONS.
The occupations of offenders are given in per cent ratios by classes in the following
table : —
Agricultural .
Commercial .
Domestic . . . .
Industrial. ..
Professional .
Labourers . . .
Not given . . .
Classes of Occupations.
1904.
). c.
p. c.
3-69
4-
13-92
12-
2-83
4-
13-21
10
0-63
0
39 43
41-
2G-29
25.
Proportionately to the number of convictions I'eturned by each province in 1905,
the offenders from the Territories occupy the first place in the agricultural class of
occupations, followed by Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, • Manitoba and
Ontario, while British Columbia, Nova Scotia and Quebec come the last.
In the commercial class Manitoba comes first, followed by Quebec and British
Columbia, with Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Prince Edward Island and the
Territories, in the order named. In the domestic class Nova Scotia comes first, with
Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, British Columbia, the Territories and
Prince Edward Island in the order named. In the industrial class the Quebec offenders
occupy the first place, followed by British Columbia, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick,
Ontario, Manitoba, Prince Edward Island and the Territories. The ratio of convictions
belonging to the professional class is about equally divided among the several
provinces. The labourers furnish the larger number of offenders from every province,
and in this class Prince Edward Island comes first, followed by the other provinces in
following order : Ontario, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Quebec, New
Brunswick and the Territories.
CIVIL CONDITIOX.
Out of the total number of persons convicted, 23 • 69 per cent wex-e recorded as
married, 2-00 as widowed, and 62-63 as unmarried in 1905, against 24-86, 1-77 and
62-11 respectively in 1904.
EDUCATIONAL STATUS.
The educational status of the offenders is about the same for both years. In 1905
the illiterate represented 9 ■ 34 per cent of the total convictions, those having an
elementary education, 75-01 per cent, and those having a superior education, 2 "14
per cent, as against 9-75, 75-83 and 2 12 respectively the year before.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1 9 05.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
ont ete condamnes a la prison pour un et moins de deux ans ; 6 "81 pour cent ont ete
condamnes au penitencier pour deux et moins de cinq ans et 2-01 pour cinq ans
et plus en 1905, contre 7'i2 et 2'31 respectivement I'annee d'auparavant ; deux sen-
tences a vie ont ete prononcees en 1905 et aucune I'annee precedente, tandis qu'il y a eu
12 sentences de mort en 1905 contre 14 en 1904. Les sentences aux maisons de reforme
s'elevaient a 4*00 pour cent du nombre de personnes condamnees en 1905, contre 4*97
I'annee precedente. Les autres sentences, representant respectivement 23'24 et 25*58
du total des condamnations pour les deux annees 1905 et 1904, se composent de cas tels
que tenus de garder la paix, " sentences remises ", etc.
OCCUPATIONS.
La profession ou qualite des delinquants est donne par classes d'occupations, en
proportions pour cent dans le tableau suivant : —
Classes d'occupations.
1905.
1904.
Agrricole
p. c.
3 69
13 92
2-83
13-21
0-63
39-43
26-29
p. c.
438
Commerciale
12-94
Domestique
Industrielle
Professionnelle
Joumaliers
404
10-76
0-65
41 -38
Non donnee ... . .
25-85
Proportionnellement au nombre de condamnations des differentes provinces pour
I'annee 1905, les Territoires occupent la premiere place dans la classe agricole, suivis de
rile du Prince-Edouard, du Xouveau-Brunswick, du Manitoba et d'Ontario, tandis que
la Colombie-Britanaique, la Nouvelle-Ecosse et Quebec viennent les dernieres.
Dans la classe commerciale la province de jManitoba vient la premiere, suivie de
Quebec et de la Colombie-Britannique, avec la Nouvelle Ecosse, le Nouveau-Brunswick,
Ontario, File du Prince-Edouard et les Territoires dans I'ordre nomme. Dans la classe
domestique la Nouvelle-Ecosse vient la premiere avec Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, le
Nouveau-Brunswick, la Colombie-Britannique, les Territoires et Tile du Prince-Edouard
dans I'ordre nomme. Dans la classe industrielle les delinquants de la province de Quebec
occupent la premiere place avec les autres provinces dans I'ordre suivant : Colombie-
Britannique, Nouvelle-Ecosse, Nouveau-Bruns-w-ick, Ontario, Manitoba, I'lle du Prince-
Edouard et les Territoires. La proportion des condamnations appartenant a la classe
professionnelle est a p'^u pres la meme dans chacune des provinces. La classe des jour-
naliers fournit le plus grand nombre de delinquants dans chacune des provinces, et dans
cette classe I'lle du Prince-Edouard vient en premier lieu avec les autres pro-vinces dans
I'ordre suivant : Ontario, Colombie-Britannique, Manitoba, Nouvelle-Ecosse, Quebec,
Nouveau-Brunswick et les Territoires.
ETATS CIVIL.
Un peu moins d'un quart, ou 23-69 pour cent, des delinquants sont rapportes comme
etant marie's, 2-00 pour -cent en veuvage et 62-63 pour cent non marias, contre 24-86,
1-77 et &2-11 respectivement I'annee precedente.
17— B
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
AGES OF THE CONVICTED.
1905.
Provinces.
Under 16 years.
16 to 21 years
21 to 4(
years.
40 years
and over
Not given.
Males.
Females
Males
Fem.
Males.
Females
Males.
Females
Males
Fem.
Prince Edward Island . .
2
40
16
197
396
70
24
6
2'
7"
35
5
8
77
12
402
599
84
39
33
■■"4
1
19
48
9
" i
22
157
49
1,020
1,407
328
313
100
4
.74
83
5
7
2
4
32
25
240
399
50
99
21
7
9'
46
1
2
46
18
89
216
56
113
401
5
New Brunswick
Quebec
1
8
7
Manitoba
British Columbia
1
1
5
Canada
751
49
1,254
82
3,396
190
870
65
939 28
1904.
Prince Edward Island . .
Nova Scotia.
New Brunswick
2
64
14
118
370
74
14
7
663
2
6
19
7
34
4
61
8
365
519
78
38
31
"'5'
'ie
32
12
18
149
51
848
1,318
222
181
122
1
13
2
63
71
6
•1
7
3
45
14
239
426
34
51
56
8
3
17
31
4
3'
70
30
65-
234
48-
93
295
17
""i
Ontario .
Manitoba. . .
British Columbia
The Territories
14
4
1
9
1,104
65
2,909
164
868
66
835
46
The offenders belonging to the group of 21 to 40 years represented 44 54 per
cent for males and 2 • 49 per cent for females of the total number of convictions in
1905, against 43-07 for males and 2-43 for females in 1904. The next higher group,
belongs to the offenders of 16 to 21 years, showing 16*45 per cent for males and 1-07
per cent for females in 1905, as compared with 16-34 for males and 0-96 for females
in 1904. The next higher group belongs to the offenders of 40 years and over, with
11-41 per cent for males and 0 • 85 per cent for females in 1905, as compared with
12-82 and 1 01 respectively in 1904. The group of offenders under 16 years of age is
the lowest for both years : 9 • 85 per cent for males and 0 - 64 per cent for females in
1905, against 9 • 39 and 0-50 respectiely in 1904.
USE OF LIQUORS.
There were 56-41 per cent of the total number of persons convicted who used
liquor moderately and 27-49 per cent immoderately in 1905, as compared with 60-48
and 27-02 respectively the year before; the balance of the percentage for both years
representing the non-drinkers and ' not given.' A.S was remarked in a previous report,
fewer cases of * not given ' would appear in the table of this report if the officers making
the returns would only see that the several columns of the schedules contain the required
information.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE
'SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
1905,
DEGRE D INSTRUCTION.
Le degre d'instruction est a peu pres le meme pour les deux annees. En 1905 les
illettres representaient 9*34 pour cent du total des condamnes, ceux ayant une instruc-
tion elementaire, 75'01 pour cent et ceux ayant une instruction superieure, 2*14 pour
cent, comparativement a 9*75, 75-83 et 2-l'2 respectivement I'annee precedente.
AGES DES DELINQUANTS.
1905.
Provinces.
Au-dessous de
16 ans.
16 h 21 ans.
21 a 40 ans.
40 ans et au-
dessus.
Non donnes.
H.
r.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
lie du Prince- Edouard . .
Nouvelle-Ecosse
Nouveau-Brunswick ....
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba . .
2
40
16
197
396
70
24
6
2
7
35
5
8
77
12
402
599
84
39
33
■■■■4
1
19
48
9
""i
22
157
49
1,020
1,407
328
313
100
1
14
4
74
83
5
7
2
4
32
25
240
399
50
99
21
7
9'
46
1
2
"46
18
89
216
56
113
401
5
1
8
7
1
Colombie-Britannique . .
1
5
751
49
1,254
82
3,396
190
870
65
939
28
1904.
2
64
2
4
61
■■'■5'
18
149
1
13
3
45
Nouvelle-Ecosse
8
70
17
Nouveau-Brunswick. . . .
14
8
51
2
14
3
30
Quebec. . .
118
6
365
16
848
63
239
17
65
1
Ontario
370
19
519
32
1,318
71
426
31
234
14
Manitoba
74
7
78
12
222
6
34
4
48
4
Colombie-Britannique . .
14
38
181
1
51
93
1
Les Territoires _
7
31
122
7
56
3
295
9
663
34
1,104
65
2,909
164
868
66
835
46
Les delinquants appartenant au groupe de 21 a 40 ans representaient 44*54 pour cent
du sexe masculin et 2-49 pour cent du sexe feminin du chiffre total des condamnes en 1905,
contre 43-07 et 2-43 respectivement I'annee precedente. Le groupe le plus nombreux
venant ensuite est celui des delinquants de 16 a 21 ans, montrant 16-45 pour cent chez
les hommes et 1-07 pour cent cbez les femmes en 1905, contre 16-34 et 0-96 respective-
ment I'annee precedente. Le troisieme groupe en nombre est celui de 40 ans et audessus
representant 11-41 pour cent chez les hommes et 0-85 pour cent chez les femmes en 1905,
contre 12-82 et TOl respectivement en 1904. Le groupe des jeunes delinquants au-des-
sous de 16 ans etait le moins eleve de tous les groupes pour les deux annees : 9-85 pour
cent chez les hommes et 0-64 pour cent chez les femmes en 1905, contre 9-39 et 0-50
respectivement I'annee precedente.
USAGE DES BOISSONS.
Du nombre de personnes condamnees durant la presente annee, 56-41 pour cent
faisaient un usage modere des boissons enivrantes et 27-49 etaient des buveurs immo-
17— b1
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905,
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
PLACE OF BIRTH.
Out of the total number of persons convicted in 1905, 61 57 per cent were born in
Canada, 11 46 per cent were British born outside of Canada, and 15 '79 per cent were
born in other counti'ies, leaving 11-18 per cent whose places of birth were not given, as
compared with 65-00 per cent Canadian born, 11 68 per cent British born outside of
Canada, 12 -.39 per cent born in other countries, and 10 -'93 per cent not recorded in
1904. According to the last census, the Canadian born represented 87 per cent of the
total population, the British born outside of Canada 7 ■ 56, and the foreign born 5-18.
RELICIONS.
The following table shows the position occupied during the last ten years by the
principal denominations in relation to crime : —
PER CENT RATIOS OF OFFENDERS BY RELIGIONS.
Years.
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
Anglicans,
p.c.
Methodists,
p.c.
9-5
Presby
terians,
p.c.
Baptist.?,
p.c.
6
2
4
2
5
2
5
3-
1
3-
4
2
6
2
1
2
0
2-
3
2
Roman
Catholics,
p.c.
The above table shows an average criminality for the ten years mentioned of 16-4
for Anglicans, 9-7 for Methodists, 7'4 for Presbyterians, 2-8 for Baptists and 40-0 for
Roman Catholics. According to the last census the po.sition held in Canada by each
of the above denominations in relation to population was as follows : — Anglicans, 12-50
per cent, Methodists 17 07, Presbyterians 15*68, Baptists 5-90 and Roman Catholics
41-50.
URBAN AND RURAL OFFENDERS.
Out of the total number of persons convicted 5,785 or 75-88 per cent were urban
and 1,084 or 14-22 per cent rural offenders in 1905, as compared with 5,042 or 74-65
percent urban and 1,056 or 15-63 per cent rural offenders in 1904, the percentage
balance for both years being not given.
SUMMARY CONVICTIONS.
These offences consist of assaults, breaches of the peace, cruelty to animals, infrac-
tions of various laws, such as liquor license Acts, fishery Acts, game laws, masters and
servants Acts, railway Acts, municipal and revenue laws and such other offences as vag-
rancy, keeping and frequenting bawdy house*, drunkenness, loose, idle and disorderly
conduct, etc. The following table gives the number of summary convictions for the
years 1905 and 1904:—
STATISTIQUE CR IMIJ^ELLE— 1 9 04 . xxi
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
deres, contre 6048 et 27 02 respectivement Tannee d'auparavant, la balance du percen-
tage representant les temperants et les non donnes. Comme on la deja fait remarquer,
notre rapport contiendrait beaucoup moins de cas de " non donnes " si les officiers
charges de remplir les formules qui leur sont adressees de ce bureau pouvaient donner
tous les renseignements requis.
LIEUX DE NAISSAXCE.
Du total des delinquants pour la presente annee, 61-57 pour cent sont nes au
Canada, 11-46 pour cent sont nes en territoire britannique en dehors du Canada, et
15-79 pour cent sont nes en pays etrangers, laissant 11-18 pour cent dont les lieux de
naissance ne sont pas donnes, comparativement a 65-00 pour cent nes au Canada, 11-68
pour cent nes en territoire britannique en dehors du Canada, 12-39 pour cent nes en
pays etrangers et 10-93 pour cent dont les lieux de naissance ne sont pa i donnes pour
I'annee precedente.
D'apres le dernier recensement la population des Canadiens de naissance etait de
87 pour cent du total de la population, celle des personnes nees en territoire britan-
nique en dehors du Canada, de 7-56 et celles des personnes nees en pays etrangers de
5 18.
RELIGIONS.
Le tableau suivant montre la position occupee par les principales religions durant
les dix dernieres annees par rapport a la criminalite.
PROPORTIONS POUR CENT DES DEI INQUANTS PAR RELIGIONS.
Annees.
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
Anglicans,
p.c.
Methodistes
p.c.
Presby-
teriens,
p.c.
Bai^tistes,
p.c.
Catholiques
romains,
p.c.
Vi
17-
16
17-
15-
17
16-
IS-
IS-
16
5
9
1
9
1
9
■2
9
■6
9
'7
10
•2
10
•1
9
■6
9
3
8
76
6-4
7-5
7-5
71
7-4
7-6
71
8-0
2.9
41
2 3
41
2-8
41
31
42-
3 2
38-
2-9
39.
2-9
37
2-6
39
2 8
39-
2-5
38-
Ce tableau donne pour les dix dernieres annees une moyenne de 16-4 chez lesangli-
cans, de 9-7 chez les methodistes, de 7-4 chez les presbyteriens, de 2*8 chez les baptistes
et de 40-0 chez les catholiques. D'apres le dernier recensement la proportion pour cent
des principales religions nommees plus haut, par rapport au total de la population, etait
de 12-50 pour les anglicains, de 17-07 pour les methodistes, de 15-68 pour les presby-
teriens, de 5-90 pour les baptistes et de 41 -50 pour les catholiques.
DELINQUANTS DES DISTRICTS URBAINS ET RURAUX.
Plus des trois quarts, ou 75-88 pour cent, des delinquants appartenaient aux districts
urbains et 14-22 pour cent aux districts ruraux en 1905, contre 7465 et 15-63 respecti-
vement en 1904 ; la balance dans les deux cas etant non donnee.
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
SUMMARY CONVICTIONS IN 1905 AND 1904.
1905.
1904.
Males.
Females.
Totals.
Males.
Females.
Totals.
Manitoba
6,507
4,592
2,396
19,965
3,965
2,359
9,575
313
282
268
478
1,669
269
121
2,158
18
6,789
4,860
2,874
21,634
4,234
2,480
11,733
331
4,535
3,870
2,265
18,346
3,580
2,527
8.142
399
355
254
604
1,4.37
239
97
1,520
22
4,890
4,124
2,869
19,783
3,819
2,624
9,662
421
The Territories
British Columbia..
Ontario
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Prince Edward Island . . .
Canada
49,672
5,263
54,935
43,664
4,528
48,192
From the above it will be seen that the number of summary convictions has in-
creased by 6,743 or 13*99 per cent during the year. Increases are found in Manitoba,
the Territories, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and British Columbia, while New Bruns-
wick and Prince Edward Island show decreases. There were 5,263 females summarily
convicted in 1905, as compared with 4,528 the year before, or an increase of 16"18 per
cent. Increases in the number of females summarily convicted, are found in Quebec,
Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and the Territories, while British Columbia,
Manitoba and Prince Edward Island show decreases.
The following table shows the summary convictions according to population by
provinces : —
NUMBER AND RATIO OF SUMMARY CONVICTIONS.
Provinces.
1905.
No. of
summary
convictions.
Manitoba
The Territories
British Columbia
Ontario
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Prince Edward Island. .
Canada
6,789
4,860
2,874
21,634
4,234
2,480
11,733
331
54,935
Ratio
per 1,000
of
population.
57
-.53
•50
•77
13
■39
•81
•27
9 33
1904.
No. of
summary
convictions.
4,890
4,124
2,869
19,783
3,819
2,624
9,662
421
48,192
Ratio
per 1,000
of
population.
1600
12
•21
•97
•25
•85
•67
•15
•60
As shown by the above, the ratio figures for the western provinces are in every
case higher than those from the east, although, as was promised in the last report, some
returns have been received from a number of small towns and villages in the eastern
provinces from which none had been received before.
STATISTIQUE OR IMINELLE — 1 905. xxiii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
CONDAMXATIONS SOMMAIRES.
Ces delits consistent en voies de fait, perturbations de la paix, cruautes envers les
animaux, infractions aux lois diverses, telles que lois des licenses de boissons, lois des
pecheries, lois de chasse, lois concernant les maitres et serviteurs, lois des chemins de
fer, lois municipales et du revenu, et autres delits tels que vagabondage, tenant, habi-
tant et frequentant des maisons de desordre, ivresse, conduite deregl^e, etc.
Le tableau suivant donne le nombre de condamnations sommaires pour les annees
1905 et 1904 par provinces :
CONUAJINATIONS SOMMAIRES EN 1905 ET 1904.
1905. 1904.
Hommes.
Femmes.
Totaux. Hommes.
Femuips. | Totaux.
Manitoba
Les Territoires
Colombie-Britannique
Ontario
Nouvelle-Ecosse
Nouveau-Brunswick
Quebec
lie du Prince-Edouard
6,507
4,592
2,396
19,965
3,965
2,359
9,575
313
282
268
478
1,669
269
121
2,158
18
6,789 4,535
4,860 3,870
2,874 2,265-
21,634 18,346
4,234 3,580
2,480 i 2,527
11,733 8,142
331 399
355
254
604
1,437
239
97
1,520
22
4,890
4.124
2,869
19,783
3,819
2,624
9,662
421
Canada
49,672
5,263
54,935 1 43,664
4,528
48,192
Tel que I'indique ce tableau, le nombre des condamnations sommaires a augmente
de 6,743 ou de 13-99 pour cent durant I'annee. Les augmentations se trouvent dans le
Manitoba, les Territoires, Ontario, Quebec, la Nouvelle-Ecosse et la Colombie-Britan-
nique, et les diminutions dans le Nouveau-Brunswick et File du Prince-Edouard. II y
a eu 5,263 femmes condamnees sommairement en 1905 contre 4,528 en 1904, soit une
augmentation de 16-18 pour cent. Les provinces montrant les plus fortes augmentations
proportionnelles dans le nombre de femmes condamnees sont Quebec, Ontario, la Nou-
velle-Ecosse, le Nouveau-Brunswick et les Territoires, et celles qui accusent des dimi-
nutions sont la Colombie-Britannique, Manitoba et I'lle du Prince-Edouard.
Le tableau suivant monte les condamnations sommaires proportionnellement a la
population par provinces :—
NOMBKE ET PROPORTION DES CONDAMNATIONS SOMMAIRES PAR PROVINCES.
Provinces.
1905.
Nombre
de condam-
nations
sommaires.
Manitoba
Les Territoires
Colombie-Britannique . .
Ontario
Nouvelie-Ecosse
Nouveau-Brunswick . . .
Quebec
lie du Prince-Edouard .
Canada . .
6,789
4,860
2,874
21,634
4,234
2,480
11,733
331
54,935
Proixjrtion
par 1,000
de la
population.
•57
■53
•50
•77
13
•39
■81
■27
9 33
1904.
Nombre
de condam-
nations
sommaires.
4,890
4,124
2,869
19,783
3,819
2,624
9,662
421
48,192
Proportion
par 1,000
de la
population.
00
12
•21
•97
•25
•85
•67
•15
860
xxiv CRIMINAL ST ATISTICS— 1 905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Out of the total number of summary convictions in 1905, 21,621 or 39-40 percent
were for drunkenness, as compared with 18,895 or 39-21 per cent in 1901 by provinces
as follows : — „
NUMBER AND RATIO OF CONVICTIONS FOR DRUNKENNESS.
Provinces.
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Manitoba ...
Prince Edward Island .
British Columbia
Qviebec ■ •
The Territories . . . . .
Ontario • •
Canada
1905.
1!MI4.
Number.
1,734
2,52!t
3,544
172
1,284
4,781
1,530
G,047
21,621
Per cent.
•92
•73
•45
•w;
•02
•82
•48
•95
39 40
Number.
Per cent.
1,076
2,344
2,505
288
1,258
3,986
1,343
5,465
18,895
63-87
61-38
57-22
68-41
44-90
41-21
32-57
27 -62
39 21
As shown by the above table the number of convictions for drunkenness in Canada
has increased bv 14-43 per cent during the year, in the following order : — Manitoba 41-07,
Quebec 19-94, The Territories 13'92, Ontario 10-65, Nova Scotia, 7-89, New Brunswick
3-46 Prince Edward Island showing a decrease of 40-28 per cent, and British Columbia
of about one third of one per cent.
Accordino- to population, the number of convictions for drunkenness by provinces
is as follows : — For every thousand inhabitants Manitoba had 10-70 con-victions in 1905
and 8*19 in 1904; Nova Scotia 5-45 and 5-06 respectively; New Brunswick 5-17 and
5-01- British Columbia 5-12 and 5-93 ; the Territories 4-25 and 4*92; Quebec 2-77 and
2-34- Ontario 273 and 2-47 and Prince Edward Island 1-70 and 2.84.
The number of females convicted for drunkenness shows an increase of 10-73 per
cent during the year and represents 7 - 30 per cent of the total number of convictions
for that oflfence in 1905, as compared with 7-50 per cent the year before.
BREACH OF STATUTES AND BY LAWS.
The next offence on the list of summary convictions is for breach of Municipal
Acts and By-laws, for which 8,743 convictions were returned in 1905 against 5,692
in 1904. Of these, 57-35 per cent in 1905 and 64 - 20 in 1904 came from Ontario, 16-18
and 12-57 respectively from Manitoba, 12 59 and 10-45from Quebec, 6-62 and 4 -97
from the Territories, 3-18 and 3 - 27 from Nova Scotia, 3-10 and 3-21 from British
Columbia, 0 - 45 and 1 • 09 from New Brunswick, and 0 - 53 and 0 • 30 from Prince Ed-
ward Island.
ASSAULTS.
There were 3,621 convictions for assaults in 1905, as compared with 3,611 the
year before, by provinces in the following order :
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905. xxv
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
On voit par le tableau precedent que les chifFres proportionnels sont beaucoup plus
elevees dans les provinces de I'ouest que dans celles de Test, bien que des rapports, pro-
mis Fan dernier, aient ete recus cette annee d'un certain nombre de petites villes et de
villages des provinces de Test qui n'en avaient jamais envoye auparavant.
Le nombre de condamnations pour ivresse s'elevaifc a 21,621 ou 39-40 pour cent
du total des condamnations soramaires en 1905, 'contre 18,895 ou 39 21 pour cent
I'annee precedente, par provinces dans I'ordre suivant : —
NOMBRE ET PROPORTION DES CONDAMNATIONS POCR IVRESSE.
Provinces.
1905.
1904.
Nombre.
Xouveau-Brunswick . .
Nouvelle-Ecosse
Manitoba
He du Prince-Edouard.
Colombie-Britannique .
Quebec
Les Territoires
Ontario
Canada
734
529
544
172
284
781
,530
047
Proportion
pour cent.
21,621
69-92
57-73
.52-45
51-96
45 02
40.82
31-48
27-95
39 40
Xombre.
1,676
2,344
2,505
288
1,288
3,986
1,343
5,465
18,895
Proportion
pour cent.
39-21
On verra par le tableau precedent que le nombre de condamnations pour ivresse
dans tout le Canada a augmente de 14-43 pour cent durant I'annee, par provinces dans
I'ordre suivant : Manitoba 41 . 07, Quebec 19-94. Les Territoires 13 - 92, Ontario 10 • 65,
Nouvelle-Ecosse 7-89, Nouveau-Brunswick 3 46 ; File du Prince-Edouard indique una
diminution de 40 28 pour cent et la Colombie-Britannique d'a peu pres un tiers de un
pour cent.
D'apres la population le nombre de condamnations pour ivresse etait repi'esente de
la maniere suivante dans les differentes provinces, par 1,000 habitants : Manitoba
10 • 70 en 1905 et 8 • 19 en 1904, la Nouvelle-Ecosse 5-45 et 5 • 06, le Nouveau-Brunswick
5-17 et 5-01, la Colombie-Britannique 5 12 et 5-93, les Territoires 4-25 et 4-92,
Quebec 2 • 77 et 2 • 34, Ontario 2 73 et 2 • 47 et I'lle du Prince-Edouard T 70 et 2 • 84.
Le nombre de femmes condamnees pour ivresse indique une augmentation de 10*73
pour cent durant I'annee, et represente 7*30 pour cent du chiffre total des condamnations
pour ce delit en 1905, conti'e 7*50 lannee precedente.
CONTRAVENTIONS AUX LOIS MUNICIPALES.
Le delit venant ensuite est celui des contraventions aux lois municipales dont le
nombre de condamnations s'elevait a 8,743 en 1905, contre 5,692 en 1904. De ces
chiffres, 57-35, pour cent en 1905 et 64-20 pour cent en 1904 appartenaient a Ontario,
16-18 et 12-57 respectivement au Manitoba, 12-59 et 10 45 a Quebec, 6-62 et 4-97 aux
Territoires, 3-18 et 327 a la Nouvelle-Ecosse, 3-10 et 3-21 a la Colombie-Britannique,
0-45 et 1-09 au Nouveau-Brunswick et 0-53 et 0-30 a I'lle du Prince-Edouard.
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1906.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
^•u^rBER ok convictions for assaults.
Provinces.
Ontario
Quebec
The Territories
^Manitoba
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
British Columbia
Prince Edward Island
Canada
1,633
1,691
760
806
539
416
259
204
244
250
105
122
77
113
4
9
3,621
1904.
3,611
As shown by the above figures, slight decreases in the number of summary con-
victions for assaults during the year are found in all the provinces, except Manitoba
and the Territories.
OFFENCES AGAINST LIQUOR LAWS.
There were 3,275 convictions for ofiences against the liquor license Acts and other
liquor laws in 1905, as compared with 3,018 in 1904 as follows : —
NUMBER OF CONVICTIONS FOR OFFENCES AGAINST LIQUOR LAWS.
Provinces.
1905.
1904.
Ontario
861
858
446
370
327
254
85
74
1,028
Quebec :
583
371
347
375
133
Manitoba
122
59
Canada
3,275
3,018
The above statement shows increases in the number of offenders against the liquor
laws in Quebec, Nova Scotia, British Columbia, the Teri'itories and Prince Edward
Island, while decreases are found in Ontario, New Brunswick and Manitoba.
VAGRANCY.
There were 4,608 convictions for vagrancy in 1905, as compared with 3,847 in
1904, of which 7^1 in the former and 566 in the latter year were females. Out of the
above number of convictions, Quebec had 2,048 or 44-44 per cent of the whole in 1905,
against 1,745 or 45-36 in 1904, with the other provinces in the following order : Ontario
1,502 in 1905 and 1,246 in 1904, the Territories 328 and 281 respectively, Manitoba 308
and 167, British Columbia 285 and 249, Nova Scotia 85 and 66, New Brunswick 46 and
89 and Prince Edward Island 6 and 4. According to the above figures, decreases in the
number of vagrants are found only in New Brunswick.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1 905 . xxvii
SESSIONAL PAPER No 17
VOIES DE FAIT.
Le nombre de condamnations pour voies de fait etait de 3,621 en 1905 centre
3,611 I'annee precedente, par province dans I'ordre suivant : —
NOMBKE DE CONDAMNATIONS POUR VOIES DE FAIT.
Provinces.
1905.
1904.
Ontario
Quebec;
Les Territoires
Manitoba
Nouvelle-Eco-sse
Xouveau-Brunswick
Colombie-Britannique
He du Prince-Edouard . ,
Canada .
1,633
1,691
760
806
539
416
259
204
244
250
105
122
77
113
4
9
3,621
3,611
On voit par le tableau qui precede que le nombre de condamnations pour voies de
fait accuse une faible diminution dans toutes les provinces, excepte le Manitoba et les
Territoires.
DELITS CONTRE LES LOIS DES LICENCES DE BOISSONS.
II y a eu 3,275 condamnations pour ces delits en 1905 contre 3,018 I'annee prece-
dente, comme suit :
CONDAMNATIONS POUR DELITS CONTRE LES LOIS DES LICENCES DE BOISSONS.
Provinces.
1905.
1904.
Ontario
861
858
446
370
327
254
85
74
1,024
583
.371
Quebec
K^ouvelle-Ecosse
Les Territoires
347
Nouveau-Brunswick
375
Colombie-Britannique
133
Manitoba
122
He du Prince-Edouard
59
Canada
3,275
3,018
Tel que I'indique ce tableau, il y a eu des augmentations dans le nombre de condam-
nations pour delits contre les lois des licences de boissons dans Quebec, la Nouvelle-
Ecosse, la Colombie-Britannique, les Territoires et ITle du Prince-Edouard, et des dimi-
nutions dans Ontario, le Nouveau-Brunswick et Manitoba.
VAGABONDAGE.
II y a eu 4,608 condamnations pour vagabondage en 1905 contre 3,847 en 1904,
dont 721 des pi-emieres et 566 des dernieres appartenaient au sexe feminin. De ces
•chiffres, Quebec coraptait 2,04S ou 44*44 pour cent du total des condamnations pour ce
xxviii CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 19 05.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
OFFENCES AGAINST MORALS AND DECENCY.
There were 2,036 conA'ictions for keeping and frequenting bawdy houses iu 1905, as
compared with 1,984 the year before, of which 1,425 or 69-97 per cent in 1905 and
1,390 or 70-06 per cent in 1904 were females, distributed by provinces in the following
order, per 10,000 inhabitants, for 1905 : British Columbia 19, the Territories 6, Quebec
5, Manitoba 2, Ontario 2 and New Brunswick 1. Nova Scotia had 1 for every 50,000
inhabitants and Prince Edward Island none.
The convictions for loose, idle and disorderly conduct numbered 2,885 in 1905 as
compared with 2,429 the year previous. Out of these convictions Ontario had 2,286 or
79 per cent of the whole in 1905, against 2,112 or 87 per cent of the whole in 1904, the
other provinces coming in the following order : Manitoba 244 in 1905 and 152 in 1904,
Quebec 193 in 1905 and 56 in 1904, Nova Scotia 62 in 1905 and 23 in 1904, the
Territories 57 in 1905 and 72 in 1904, British Columbia 32 in 1905 and none in 1904,
Prince Edward Island 7 in 1905 and 11 in 1904, and New Brunswick 4 in 1905 against>
3 in 1904.
From the above it will be noticed that the number of convictions for loose, idle and
disorderly conduct is almost totally credited to Ontario ; the onl}^ explanation to this is
that the same offence must have been tried under different headings in the other pro-
vinces such, for instance, as breach of the peace, vagrancy, indecent exposure, insulting,
obscene and profane language, etc. The same remark may be applied to Quebec with
regard to the large number of convictions for vagrancy in that province.
INSANITY CASES.
In the number of summary convictions are included 270 cases of insanity in 1905,
as compared with 148 the year before. Out of the 270 cases, 96 wei-e from the
Territories, 81 from Ontario, 61 from Quebec, 9 from New Brunswick, 9 from
Manitoba, 8 from Nova Scotia, 5 from Prince Edward Island, and 1 from British
Columbia in 1905, and out of the 148 cases for 1904, 94 were from the Territories, 4S
from Ontario, 5 from New Brunswick and 1 from British Columbia.
SENTENCES UNDER SUMMARY CONVICTIONS.
Out of the total number of persons summarily convicted in 1905, 46,443 or 84-51
per cent were sentenced to the option of a fine, 2,761 or 5-03 per cent were committed
without option, and 5,731 or 10-45 per cent had their sentence deferred, &c., as com-
pared with 41,286 or 85-67, 2,359 or 4-90 and 4,547 or 9 43 respectively in 1904.
The amount of fines, costs or damages imposed in 1905 was $388,283, of which
$304,311 was paid by the convicted of the several provinces in the following ratios per
100: Quebec, 23-9; Ontario, 23-8; the Territories, 15-8; Manitoba, 10-6; Nova
Scotia, 10-5 ; New Brunswick, 7-5 ; British Columbia, 6-5, and Prince Edward Island,
1-4. The average fine imposed in each province is as follows: Prince Edward Island,
.$25.93; the Territories $12.85; New Brunswick, $12.43; British Columbia, $11.50 ;
Quebec, $10.83 ; Nova Scotia, $9.57 ; Manitoba, $6.50, and Ontario, $5.15, making a
general average of $8.36 for Canada. Of the total amount paid in fines, 33-37 per cent
was contributed by offenders against the liquor laws, 21-81 per cent by persons fined for
drunkenness and 9-24 per cent by persons keeping or frec^uenting bawdy houses, the
three making 64-42 per cent of total amount of fines paid.
STATISTIQUE C R I M I ^' EL L E— 1 9 05 . xxix
SESSIONAL PAPER No 17
de'lit en 1905, centre 1,745 ou 45*36 pour cent I'annee d'auparavant, les autres provinces
venant dans I'ordre suivant : Ontario 1,502 en 1905 et 1,246 en 1904, les Territoires
328 et 281 respectivement, Manitoba 308 et 167, la Colombie-Britannique 285 et 249,
la Nouvelle-Ecosse 85 et 66, le Nouveau-Brunswick 46 et 89 et I'lle du Prince-Edouard
6 et 4. Le nouveau-Brunswick est la seule province qui indique une diminution dans
le nembre de condamnation pour vagabondage.
DELITS CONTRE LA MORALE.
Le nombre de personnes condamnees pour avoir tenu, habite et frequente des
maisons de desordre s'elevait a 2,036 en 1905, comparativement a 1,984 I'annee d'aupa-
ravant, dout 1,425 ou 69-97 pour cent en 1905 et 1,390 ou 70-06 pour cent en 1904
^talent du sexe feminin. Pour chaque 10,000 habitants en 1905, la Colombie-Britannique
comptait 19 delinquants contre la morale, les Territoires 6, Quebec 5, Manitoba 2,
Ontario 2 et le Nouveau-Brunswick 1. La Nouvelle-Ecosse en comptait un pour chaque
50,000 habitants et I'lle du Prince-Edouard aucun.
Le nombre de personnes condamnees pour conduite dereglee etait de 2,885 en 1905,
contre 2,429 en 1,904. De ces chiffres, Ontario comptait 2,286 ou 79-0 pour cent en
1905 et 2,112 ou 87 0 pour cent en 1904, les autres provinces venant dans I'ordre
suivant : Manitoba 244 et 152 respectivement, Quebec 193 et 56, la Nouvelle-Ecosse 62
et 23, les Territoires 57 et 72, la Colombie-Britannique 32 et aucun. File du Prince-
Edouard 7 et 11, et le Nouveau-Brunswick 4 et 3.
Les chiffres qui precedent indiquent que la presque totalite des pei'sonnes condam-
nees pour conduite dereglee est mise au compte d'Ontai'io ; I'explication a ceci etailt que
ces delits ont du etre expedies sous des en-tetes differents dans les autres i^rovinces,
comme par exemple perturbation de la paix, vagabondage, exposition indecente, langage
insultant, obscene et profane, etc. La meme remarque peut s'appliquer a Quebec pour
expliquer le chiffre eleve la aussi des cas de vagabondage au compte de cette province.
CAS d'aliexatiox mentale.
Les condamnations sommaires comprenaient 270 cas d'alienation mentale en 1905
et 148 Tannee d'auparavant. Des 270 cas, 96 etaient des Territoires, 81 d'Ontario, 61
de Quebec, 9 du Manitoba, 9 du Nouveau-Bruns-vvick, 8 de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, 5 de I'lle
du Prince-Edouard et un de la Colombie-Britannique, et des 148 cas en 1904, 94 etaient
des Territoires, 48 d'Ontario, 5 du Nouveau-Brunswick et un de la Colombie-Britannique.
SENTENCES POUR CONDAMNATIONS SOMMAIRES. *
Du nombre total de personnes condamnees sommairement en 1905, 46,443 ou 84 "51
pour cent ont ete condamnees a I'option entre I'amende et la prison, 2,761 ou 5 03 pour
cent ont ete emprisonnees sans option, et 5,731 ou 10 45 pour cent ont eu leur sentence
remise, etc., comparativement a 41,286 ou 85-67, 2,359 ou 4-90 et 4,547 ou 9-43 pour
cent respectivement en 1904.
Le montant des amendes ou dommages imposes en 1905 s'elevait a 8388,283, dont
$304,311 ont ete payees paries delinquants des differentes provinces dans les pi"oportions
pour cent suivantes : Quebec 23 • 9, Ontario 23 - 8, les Territoires 15-8, Manitoba 10 • 6,
XXX CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-G EDWARD VII., A. 1906
INDICTABLE AND SUMMAUY CONVICTIONS.
The following table shows the total number of convictions (indictable and sum-
mary) with the number of inhabitants for each conviction, by provinces, in tlie order of
criminality for 1 905 compared with 1 904 :
CRIMINALITY IN RELATION TO POPULATION.
Provinces.
Total convictions.
Population for each
conviction.
1905.
1904.
1905.
1904.
Manitoba .
7,398
.5,429
3,472
24,870
4,618
13,798
2,606
368
62,559
5,379
4,654
3,248
22,817
4,253
11,400
2,746
449
45
66
72
89
100
125
128 .
274
57
59
British Cohimbia
Ontario
67
97
109
Quebec
149
New Brunswick
122
Prince Edward Island
226
Canada
54,946
92
102
According to the above table it will be seen that the total number of convictions
for Canada has increased by 13 "85 per cent during the year, reducing thereby the popu-
lation for each offender from 102 in 1904 to 92 in 1905.
Manitoba shows an increase of 37 5 per cent in the number of convictions during
the year, corresponding to a reduction of 12 in its population per offender, from 57 to
45 ; in the Territories there was an increase of 14*5 per cent in the number of convic-
tions during the year, but, owing to a still higher rate of increase in population, the number
of inhabitants per offender is also increased from 59 in 1904 to 66 in 1905; British
Columbia shows an increase of 6 • 9 per cent in the number of convictions and also an
increase of 5 in the number of inhabitants per offender, from 67 to 72 ; Ontario comes
next with an increase of 9 per cent in convictions and a decrease of 8 in the number
of inhabitants per offender, from 97 to 89; Nova Scotia shows an increase of <S"6 per
cent in convictions and a reduction of 9 in its population per offender, from 109 to 100 ;
in Quebec there is an increase of 21 '0 per cent in convictions with a corresponding
reduction of 24 in the number of its inhabitants per offender, from 149 to 125;
New Brunswick shows a decrease of 5*1 per cent in the number of convictions and a
corresponding increase of 6 in the number of inhabitants per offender, from 122 to 128 ;
Prince Edward Island comes last with a decrease of 18-0 per cent in convictions and an
increase of 48 in the number of inhabitants pei offender, from 226 to 274.
PARDONS AND COMMUTATIONS.
The cases in which the prerogative of mercy has been exercised in 1905 numbered
411, of which 387 were males and 24 females, as compared with 352 in 1904, of which
332 were males and 20 females. Out of the above figures, 218 were liberated under
ticket of leave in 1905 against 195 the year before. Six of the 12 death sentences pro-
nounced during the year 1905 were commuted to life imprisonment.
Census and Statistics Office,
December, 1906.
E. H. St. DENIS,
Secretary.
STATISTIQUE GRIM INELLE— 190 5. xxxi
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
la Nouvelle-Ecosse 10-5, le Nouveau-Brunswick 7 "5, la Colombie-Britannique 6-5 et
rile du Prince-Edouard 1 • 4. La moyenne des amendes imposees dans chaque province
est representee de la maniere suivante : File du Prince-Edouard $2.5 . 93, les Territoires
$12 . 85, le Nouveau-Brunswick $12 . 43, la Colombie-Britannique $11 . 50, Quebec $10 . 83,
la Nouvelle-Ecosse $9.57, le Manitoba $6.50 et Ontario $5.15, soit une moyenne
generale $8 . 36 pour le Canada. Du montant total paye en amendes, 33 ■ 37 pour cent
a ete verse paries delinquants contre les lois des boissons, 21 -81 pour cent par les
personnes condamnees pour ivresse et 9 • 24 pour cent par des personnes tenant ou
frequentant des maisons de desordre, soit 64 "42 pour cent du montant total pour ces
trcis delits
CONDAMNATIOXS JUSTICIABLES d'uN JURY ET CONDAMNATIONS SOMMAIRES.
Le tableau suivant donne le nombre de condamnations (justiciables d'un jury et
somraaires) avec le nombre d'habitants pour chaque condamnation, dans lordre de la
criminalite pour I'annee 1905 comparee avec 1904 :
CRIMINALITE PAR RAPPORT A LA POPULATION.
Provinces.
Manitoba
Les Territoires
Colombie-Britannique.
Ontario
Nouvelle-Eeosse
Quebec
Nouveau-Brunewick . .
He du Prince-Edouard
Canada.
I Population
Total des condamnations j pour
, chaque condamnation.
1905.
7,398
5,429
.%472
24,870
4,618
13,798
2,606
368
62,559
1904.
5,379
4,654
3,248
22.817
4,253
11,400
2,746
449
54,946
1905.
45
66
72
89
100
125
128
274
92
1904.
0/
59
67
97
109
149
122
226
102
On voit par les chifFres de ce tableau que le "nombre de condamnations pour tout le
Canada a augmente de 13-85 pour cent durant I'annee, reduisant ainsi de 10 le chiffre
de la population pour chaque delinquant, de 102 en 1904 a 92 en 1905.
La province de Manitoba indique une augmentation de 37 "5 pour cent dans le nom-
bre de ses condamnations durant lannee, soit une reduction correspondante de 12 dans
le chifFre de sa population pour chaque delinquant, de 57 a 45 ; dans les Territoires il y
a eu une augmentation de 14*5 pour cent dans les condamnations, mais, vu le taux encore
plus eleve de I'augmentation de sa population, le nombre dhabitants pour chaque delin-
quant a aussi augmente de 7, de 59 en 1904 a 66 en 1905. La Colombie-Britannique
montre une augmentation de 6 "9 pour cent dans les condamnations et une augmentation
aussi de cinq dans le cniffre de sa population par delinquant, de 67 a 72 ; Ontario vient
ensuite avec une augmentation de 9*0 pour cent dans le nombre de condamnations et
une reduction correspondante de huit dans le chifFre de sa population par delinquant, de
97 a 89 ; la Nouvelle-Ecosse accuse une augmentation de 8*6 pour cent dans les condam-
nations et une reduction de neuf dans le chiffre de sa population par delinquant, de 109
xxxii CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 A. 1906
k 100 ; dans la province de Quebec il y a eu una augmentation de 21-0 pour cent dans
le nombre de condamnations, tandis que le chifFre de la population par delinquant y a
diminue de 24 durant I'annee, de 149 en 1904 a 125 en 1905 ; le Nouveau-Brunswick
indique une diminution de 5'1 pour cent dans les condamnations et une augmentation
correspondante de 6 dans le chiffre de sa population par delinquant, de 122 a 128 ;
rile du Prince-Edouard clos la liste avec une diminution de 18-0 pour cent dans les con-
damnations et une augmentation de 48 dans le chifFre de sa population par delinquant,
de 226 en 1904 a 274 en 1905.
PARDONS ET COMMUTATIONS.
Le nombre de cas dans lesquels la prerogative de pardon a ete exercee durant I'annee
1905 s'elevait a 411, dont 387 hommes et 24 femmes, comparativement k 352 en 1904,
dont 332 appartenaient au sexe masculin et 20 au sexe feminin. Ces chiffres compre-
naient 218 delinquants liberes sur parole (ticket of leave) en 1905, contre 195 I'annee pr^-
cedente.
Six des douze sentences de mort prononcees durant I'annee 1905 ont ete commuees
en emprisonnement a vie.
E. H. St. DENIS,
Secretaire.
Bureau du recensement et des statistiques,
Decembre 1906.
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 A. 1906
TABLE I.
INDICTABLE OFFENCES.
TABLEAU L
DELITS JUSTICIABLES D'UN JURY.
17—1
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Oflfences against the person.
Class i.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
-
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M. F
CONVICTIONS.
COND AMNATIONS .
Con-
Con-
victed
victed
1st.
2nd.
Total.
—
—
Con-
Con-
dam-
dara-
nes
nes
une
deux
fois.
fois.
Reite-
rated.
Plus
de 2
recidi-
ves.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprisonnes.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
OU I'a-
m'nde
No Option.
Sans option
Un-
der
one
year. over.
One
year
and
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
Murder.
Queen's, P.E.I
1
ml
1
Digby, N.S
1
1
1
Carleton, N.B
a2
I
5
3
11
"i
3
"2
2
7
1
1
Kirg's, N.B
Montreal, Que
1
""i
Ottawa, Que
Quebec, Que
1
Totals of Quebec. . .
2
1
Algoma & Manitoulin, Ont
Brant, Ont
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
15
3
1
1
1
i
i'
1
'1'
1
5
3
1
'2
i
4
1
Essex, Ont
Middlesex, Ont
"'fi'
Nipissing, Ont
Oxford, Ont
Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0.. . .
"1
"1
York, Ont
Totals of Ontario. . .
1
5
4
1
1 i
Manitoba, Eastern
Vancouver, B.C
2
2
2
2
Victoria, B.C
2
5
1
1
40
"i
19
1
1
Saskatchewan. Saskat
Totals of Canada
2
12
11
1
.. . .1 1
Murder,
attempt at
Montreal, Que
Pontiac, Que.
Quebec, C^ie
2 5!
-
"1"
1
1
'1
1
... 1
Bruce, Ont
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
"1
Halton, Ont
Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. . .
York, Ont
1
-
Totals of Ontario
4
2
2
2
Vancouver, B.C
2
3
2
2
..
'" 1'
Yale, B.C
a In une case, jury disagreed — Dans un cas, les jures ne se sont pas accordes.
STATISTIQUE C R 1 MINELLE— 1 905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableac
I.
Outrapres contre la personne.
Classe I.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Eive
D'th.
tories
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
vears
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort.
voyes
Senten-
ans
axs
A vie
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
CeU-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
5ants.
trials.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cmq.
me.
rales.
Meurtj-e, tentative de
Meurtre
I
:
1
i : al
1
1 1
1
::.::.|:::-.
1
!
61
1
1
"bl
1
[
l'
1
2 . . 1
1
2
61
i
1
1
I
^2
61
1
2
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
.^ i 1
4
1
I
! I ;
d2
■ 1
1
\
....
1
1
, 12
4
2
3 4
6
•■■• : '
1
:::.. i:::. :.:.;:
1
1
:::::'!.';:;' :::::. i;:'::':::
1
.... 1 ! el
1
1
1
1
1
1
_..J 1
1 1 ... .
1
1
1
1
1
1
a Sent to insane asylum — Envoyee a I'asile.
6 c (1) Death ^^entence commuted to life imprisonment — Sentence demort commuee en emprisonnement
k vie. d One died in jail from illness before date of execution — Un est mort de maladie en prisson avant
la date df son execution. e Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue.
17-
■li
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 19 05.
5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Class
I.
EDUCATIONAL
USE OF
STATUS.
LIQUORS.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
—
AGES.
—
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DE
IN WHICH
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
Un-
Under
16 years
21 vears
able to
16
and
and
40 years Not
MITTED.
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over, given.
Im-
or
men-
Supe-
—
■ —
—
— —
Mo- mo-
write.
tary.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans Non-
de- de-
de
et moins
et UiOirs
et plus, donne.
rate rate
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Inca-
Ele-
Supe-
16 ans.
de 21.
de40.
—
CIAIRES Ot L'OFFENSE
pable
men-
rieure
M.
J^'
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F. M.
b'
Mo-
im-
A BTE COMMISE.
de lire
oud'e-
taire.
—
-
—
—
—
—
—
— —
—
dere
mo-
dere
cnre.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F. H.
F
Murder.
Queen's, L du P.-E
'^—
,
1
—
1
1
Diiyhv N -E
1
1
1 1
—
1
Carleton N -B
1
King's N -B . .
1
—
—
1
1
St. FranQois, Que
1
1
1
1
1
1
i L..
-
• 1
—
2
1 1
—
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Ovf nrH Ont
s...
Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv., Ont.
...
....
"Vnrk Out
1
1
4
1 :....
—
1
—
1
Totaux d'Ontario
5
2 ; ;
1
■ ■ ■ ■
1
—
2
—
1
1
Victoria, Col. -B
-
.-...
1
-
1
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta
1
,
—
i
2
1
6
Totaux du Canada
1
0
5
4
4
Murder, attempt at
1
■
.
1
—
—
1
1
1
Halton, Ont
York, Ont
1
1
1
1
1
1
....
"
2
1
1
Vancouver, Col.-B .
Yale, Col.-B
1
... 1....
.. . i
1
STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE— 1 9 05.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableau i
Outrages centre la personne.
Classe I.
BIRTH PLACES.
—
RELIPxIONS.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSAXCE
British Isles.
Other Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
aj
Iles Britanniqces.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
's
Uni-
Coun-
Pos-
•Bap-
tho-
Eng-
tho-
byte-
mina-
;>
"t^
Eng-
ted
tries.
ses-
tists.
lics.
land.
dists.
rians.
tions.
1
Q
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
c
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
&
to
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres
Autr's
-o
2 •
Angle
Etats
tres
sions
tistes .
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
i
(i'A
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
DC
-^n
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
u 3
Galles
gers.
que.
b
i'
Meurtre.
Meurtre, tentative de
' 1 1 '
1
1 1
!.....!
1
.... : 1 1 i 1
.
1
1
i
.:':: ■;:;:::::.:"
il ! ....
1
1
1
- 1
...
1 ■
i 1
1
' I "
1
1 1 1 ... ,
1
1 1
1
1
.... '.'.'.'.'. 2 .'..'.''.'....'.'..'..".'.'"
1
2 ....
2
1 1
1
... 1
1
1
1
1 '
1
1 •••
.. ..1 1 I
1-1 1
..
1 .
:::::: :::■
1
1
1
1
1
••■• i 1 4; 1
1
1
1 2
n
2
. 1 "
1
1 1
1
1
!
1
!••••
!
1
I
.. 1 . i
1
1
: 1
1
' 1 !■ ....
i 1 ' '
1
1
1 1 .... I 7 i 2 1 1
i
6
1 2 ' 5
7
1
:::::;! -i-
i .. . 1
"i'
1.....
' 1
' 1
1
' i
1 ;
1
1
'■ 1
1
1
1
1
' 9
' ! i 1
1
I
1
1 !
1 : 1
...i ....
•••i ::.:.r::v.\.::.:
i
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII. A. n'06
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Class i.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE Was COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE
A ETi COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Con-
Con-
victed
victed
1st.
2nd.
Con-
Con-
dam-
dain-
nes
nes
une
deux
fois.
fois.
Reite-
rated.
Plus
de2
reci di-
ves.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprisonn^is.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou I'a-
m'nde
No Option.
Sans option.
Un- ' One
der year
one and
year, over
Moins
d'un
an.
Un
an et
plus.
Murder, attempt at — Concluded.
Manslaughter.
Concealing birth of infants.
Abortion and attempt to procure abortion.
Alberta, Northern, Al'ta
1
1
2
ml
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
1
1
1"
1
Assiniboia, Western, Saskat ....
1
—
Totals of Canada
17
10
1
6
6
.... 1
Montreal, Que
.5
2
1
8
1
3
2
2
1
1
2
1
3
3
1
1
3
1
1
i
Ottawa. Que
St. Francis, Que
.:
1
Total.s of Quebec
5
.5
1
1
Nipissing, Ont
1
" "l'
2
1
"i
2
Perth, Ont
Stormont, D'das & Glengary, 0. . .
Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. . .
i
Waterloo, Ont
i
York, Ont
-
1
Totals of Ontario
10
3
4
1
2
1
29
6
3
4
4
1
Manitoba, Eastern
3
3
2
Alberta, Northern, Al'ta
1
1
1
1
1
1
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat. ....
Assiniboia, Western, Saskat
1
1
14
—
Totals of Canada
15
15
2
3
Digby, N.S
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
7
9
1
1
1
1
Guysborough, N.S
1
1
Grey, Ont
' "i'
1
1
1
Kent, Ont
Leeds and Grenville, Ont
1
Stormont, D'das & Glengarry, 0. . .
al
2
2
Wentworth, Ont
1
2
2
1
1
1
Totals of Ontario
3
3
1
1
Totals of Canada
5
5
1
1
Montreal, Que
1
1
1
"i"
1
Wellington, Ont
Alberta, Northern, Al'ta
1
1
61
1
Totals of Canada
3
1
1
1
1
a Intent to conceal— Intention de suppression. 6 $200 and released on S.S. of 2 years on bonds
of $2,000— $200 et liberee sous S.S. de 2 ans sous caution de $2,000.
STATISTIQUE CRIMI NEL LE — 1 905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
TiBLEAU
I.
Outrages contre la
personne.
Cl.\sse I.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
OCCUPATIONS.
CONDITION.
Penitentiary.
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
ries.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
9ants.
trielg.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cinq.
me.
rales.
Meurtre, tentative de — Fin.
Homicide non premedite.
Suppression d'enfants.
Avortement et tentative d'avortement.
oi'
""i
i
1
1
1
1
i
2
2
.... i 2
1
1 1 1
3
2
4
2
1
2
1
1
o
......
1
1
.. .
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
"l'
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
3
2
1
1
1
"i
1
1
1
1
5
5
3
1
2
7
5
8
1
rtl
' 1
....
1
1
••■
1
\\
1
1
■ 1 r
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
3
a Sentence uspended — Sentence suspendue.
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. ^90&
Table i.
OfiFences against
the
person.
Class
I.
EDUCATIONAL
USE OF
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
STATUS.
AGES.
LIQUORS,
IN WHICH
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DZ.
LIQUECBS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
Un-
Under
16 years
21 years
able to
16
and
and
40 years
Not
MITTED.
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over.
given.
Im-
or
men-
Supe-
—
—
—
—
—
Mo-
mo-
—
write.
ta y.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
Non
de-
de-
de
et moins
et moins
et plus.
donne.
rate
rat&
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Inca-
Ele-
Supe-
16 ans.
de21.
de40.
—
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
pable
inen-
rieure
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
t\
M.
F.
M.
F
Mo-
Tm-
A ETE COMMISE.
dt lire
ou d'e-
tfiire.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
dere
mo-
dere
cnre.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F
M
urder,
attempt &t— Concluded.
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta
"l
1
Alberta, Sud, Al'ta
\
1
1
1
Assiniboia, Ouest, Sasket
i
1
1
1
1 ;. 3
Totaux du Canada
5
1
9
Manslaughter.
Montreal, Que
2
1
2
1
1
4
1
2 1
Ottawa, Que
1
I'""
1
St. Fran9ois, Que
1
1
1
t
-
1
—
Totaux de Quebec
2
3
3 2
Nipissing, Ont
1
Perth, Ont
1
Storm 't, D'das et Gleng'ry, 0 . .
Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv., Ont. .
i
1
1
2
1
. . 1
2
Waterloo, Ont
York, Ont
—
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
11
■|
Totaux d 'Ontario
1
2
3
Manitoba, Est
2
1
3
-
—
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta
1
1
1
Alberta, Sud, Al'ta
....
1
Assiniboia, Est, Saskat
1
1 •
Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat
1
—
10
1
2
2
—
1
Totaux du Canada
5
8
8 , .5
Concealing birth of infants.
Digbv, N.-E
1
1
1
1
1
Guy.sborough, N.-E
1
1
—
—
Grev, Ont '
Kent, Ont
i
i
"i'
1
Leeds et GrenviUe, Ont
]
Storm't, D'das et Glengarry, 0. .
Wentworth, Ont
1
1
1
1
1
1
—
—
1
2
1
3
Totaux d'Ontario
1 1 ...
1
—
■
1
Totaux du Canada
1 1 3 . .
1
Abortion and attempt to procure abortion.
Montreal, Que
j
Wellington, Out '
1
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta 1
1
1
1
1
-
1
Totaux du Canada . .
...
1
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1 905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableau i.
Outrages contre la personne.
Classe i.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE
RELIGIONS.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
British Isles.
Other
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Deno-
<u
S
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch.of
Me-
Pres-
mina-
't*
Uni-
Coun-
Pos-
Bap-
tho-
Eng-
tho-
byte-
tions.
>
^
Eng.
ted
tries.
ses-
tists.
lics.
land.
dists
rians.
1
Q
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
c
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
1
^
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
Autr's
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
con-
•T3
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
fes-
cS
q2
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
nens.
sions.
'^?.
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
•■3
^F^
GaUes
gers.
ques.
Q
P^
Meurtre
tentative de — Fin.
... ,, i 1. . .. 1 : '
1
1 1
"l'
1
.... 1 1
1
1
1
. . / 5
... ..... .! . .
1 3 ; 1 1
1
3
3
Suppression d'enfants.
Homicide non
premedite.
1 ... .
2
3
2 ; 1
!
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
5
2 1 3
1
1
1
"'i'
1
"i"
■'1'
1
2
1
1
■
1
3
2
1
1
] i 2
^ 1 ^
3
3
3
1
1'
1
1
....
1
1
1
4
1
9
....1 7
1
1
5 7
6
1
, 1
L . . .
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
2
. . . . i
'2
0
4
1
3 1
4
Avortement et tentative d'avortement.
10
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Class i.
.JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETt COMMISE.
Number
of
Charges
Ac-
quit-
ted.
De-
tained
for
Lu-
nacy.
Nombre
d'accu-
sations.
Ac-
quit-
tes.
De-
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F.
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con-
victed
Ist.
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
Con- I
victed]Reite-
2nd. rated.
SENTENCE.
COMMITl'ED TO JaIL
EMPRISONNjfeS.
Con-
dam-
nes
deux
fois.
Plus
de2
recidi
With
the
option
of a
fine.
i Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
OU I'a-
j nie'de
No Option.
Sans OPTION
Un-
der
one
year.
Moins
d'un
an.
One
year
and
over.
Un
an et
plus.
Carnally knowing an imbecile woman.
Grey. Ont
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Wellinf'ton Ont
3
9,
1
1
Deserting child.
Sodomy and bestiality.
St John N.B
2
1
1
1
.
Montreal, Que
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
Totals of Canada
5
3
2
1
1
1 1
■Colchester, N. S
1
1
Iberville, Que
1
1
1
1
... 1 1
-
■
■Grey, Ont
2
1
""2
"i
"i
1
'2
'"'1'
1
" 1
1
Lincoln, Ont
Nipissing, Ont
Northumberland & Durham, 0. . .
1
... ^
1
"i'
Peterborough, Ont
Thunder Bay & Rainy River, Ont . .
York Ont
1
1
-
Totals of Ontario
12
5
7
0
1
....
1
W^estminster, B.C
2
1
2
2
.
2
Yale B C
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Assiniboia, Western, Saskat
Saskatchewan, Saskat
21
10
11
10
1
2
2
Libel.
2
1
1
2
2 1
1
1
-
York, Ont
1
1 . ..
Totals of Canada
4
1
3
3 1
1
STATISTIQUE CRIMIIS ELLE — 1 905,
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
11
Tableau
1.
Outrages centre la personne.
Classe I.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS. #
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
vo/es
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
5ants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage..
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cinq
me.
rales.
Commerce chamel avec une imbecile.
1 ...] |... I l| 1
r~T ' ! li 1
Desertion d'enfants.
1
1 ,. . . . 1 1. . . .
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
i
1
'
!
'
1
1
1
.. 1 . ..
.. .. I 2
1
Sodomie et bestialite.
Libel] e.
•
i 1
'
1
1
1
1
1
]
1
,.1.
. ...' 1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
al
1
1
1
1
1
i
" i
3
1
1
1
1
.. .1 1
5
2
. . . .j 5
2
2
1
....
....
1
1' ■
4
1
1
1
1
9
2
9
al
1
1
1
1
al
1
1
2
1 1
1 1 1
1
1
1
a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue.
12
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Class i.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
AGES.
USE OF
LIQUORS.
USAGE DE
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI
Un-
able to
read
or
writ*.
Inca
pable
denxB
ud'e-
crire.
Ele-
men-
tary.
Ele-
men-
taire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16 ans.
16 years
and
under 21.
16 ans
et moins
de21.
21 years
and 40 years
under 40. and over.
21 ans 40 ans
et moins et plus.
de40. ;
Not
given.'
Non-
donne.
Mo-
de-
rate
Mo-
dere
Im-
mo-
de-
rate
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
M.
H.
F
F
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
M.
H.
F
F
Im-
mo-
dere
Attempt and carnally knowing an imbecile woman.
Grey, Ont
1
... .( --- -
1
..1 1 .. .
Waterloo, Ont
.1
Wellington, Ont
:
i
...
Totaux d'Ont. et du Canada
1
... 1 !-. 1
Deserting child.
St. Jean, N.-B
1 ..
1
1
1
—
.... 2
Montreal, Que
... 2
1
—
—
Brant, Ont
—
....1 2
....
1
2
Totaux du Canada
. . . 3
1
Sodomy and bestiality.
Colchester, N.-E
. ..
1
—
--
1
1
-
I
Iberville, Que. . . .
"""l
1
1 1
Kamouraska, Que
-
1
1
—
Grey, Ont
1 1
Lincoln, Ont
Nipissing, Ont
Northumberl'd et Durham, 0
1
2
?,
Ontario, Ont
1
1
Peterborough, Ont
"l
Prescott et Russell, Ont.
1
1
1
Simcoe, Ont
1 ....
Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv.,Ont
York, Ont
■•■'l
1
1 '■....
I
-
Totaux d'Ontario
2
4 ... I 1
1
2
2
4 1 3
Westminster, Col.-B
2
2
2 ....
Yale, CoL-B
.
I-...
—
...
Alberta, Sud, Al'ta
1
1
Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat
Saskatchewan, Saskat.
1
6
2
1
—
Totaux du Canada
3 1 7
I 1
1
7
4
Libel.
Montreal, Qae
Pontiac, Que. .
1
1 1
1
1
2
i
1
2
111'
...
—
1
3
York, Ont
1
. . . j • • ■ -
-
1
Totaux du Canada
2
1
ST AT 16 T I Q U E C R I M I N E L L E — 1 9 0 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
13
Tablkac I.
Outrages centre la pereonne.
Classe I.
BIRTH PLACES.
LEEUX DE XALSSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
RESI-
DENCE.
British Isles.
IlES BBirAKXIQCKS.
Ca-
nada.
Uni-
ted
States
Etats-
Unis.
Other
Fo-
reign
Coun-
tries.
Au-
tres
pays
etran-
gers.
Other
Bri-
tish
Pos-
ses-
sicmK.
Autr's
poFses
sions
Bri-
tanni-
ques.
Bap-
tists.
Bap-
tistes.
R.
Ca-
tho-
lics.
Ca-
tholi-
ques.
Cb. of Me-
Eng- tho-
land. dists.
E^lise Me-
d An- tho-
gle- dis-
terre. tes.
Pres-
byte
rians.
Pres
byte-
rirais.
Pro-
tes-
tants
OUier
Deno-
mina-
tions.
Autr's
con-
fes-
sions.
J
w
a
S
1
.1
Eng-
land Ire- Scot-
and land. land.
Wales
Angle
terre Ir- Ecos-
et lande. ee.
Galles
o
'u
li
1^
Tentative et commerce chamel avec une
imbecile.
! 1
,
1
-1 '
1...
!
1
1 . .
1
.... 1 1
Desertion d'enfants.
Sodomie et bestialite.
■ ■ 11 1 , 1
1.. . j 1
1
1
' . .., 1 1 1 ' 2
' ' ...:■
2 . ..
j
1 '1
J
.... ;..'... 2 1 2
1 1
3
5|
1 -.
Litelle.
2 2
'/
1 ^i ■ i ■■ ■■:! i 1 1
1
< l' ! \..:..\ .-1 1-.L..
1
1 I
]
.3 2
1 2 1
14
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Class i.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folic.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
EMPRISONNilS.
Total.
Con- Con-
victed victed Reite-
1st, 2nd. I rated.
Con-
dam-
nes
une deux
fois. fois.
Con- I Plus
dam- 1 de 2
nes recidi-
ves.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
OU I'a-
m'nde
No Option.
Sans option.
Un- One
der year
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
Rape.
Colchester N.S
1
—
1
1
W^estmoreland N. B
1
1
1
1
Ottawa, Que
al
1
1
1
—
1
1
al
1
2
1
2
9
1
1
""i'
1 . . .
Grey, Ont
Kent Ont
1
2
2
Waterloo Ont . .
"2
4
-
ml
York, Ont
1
3
3
Manitoba, Eastera
1
I
1
1
2
1
1
Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat
-
Totals of Canada
18
9
1
6
4
1
1 1 1
....
1
Rape, attempt at
Cape Breton, N.S
Halifax N S
1
2
1
4
1.
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
—
Totals of Nova Scotia
2
2
1
1
1
Ottawa, Que •. .
St. Francis, Que
1
2
—
'
4
3
1
j 1
Grey, Ont
Perth. Ont
1
2
13
1
12
]
2
1
2
'"'i'
1 1
York, Ont
16
13
3
2
1
1
—
1
1
1
... i 1
1
1
1
1
.. ! 1
Totals of Canada
26
18
8
6
1
1 ' ..
1 3
a Jury disagreed— Les jures ne se sunt pas accordes.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 190 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
15
Tableau
I.
Outrages contra la personne.
Classe I.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL '
CONDITION.
Penitentiakt.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencieb.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
vears
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over .
—
--
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
niort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
vie.
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
ries.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
pluj.
de Re-
teurs .
9ants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
forme.
libe-
cinq.
rales.
Viol.
Viol, tentative de
1
1
1
1
1
;
i
1
1
i
1
i'
1
)
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
3
1
3 1
o
1 . .. .
'
4
1
1 1
.... 1 . ..
1
4
2
4
::::;;i;::..:-
i . .
1 ; . . .
1
1
1
1 ...
2
2
1
1
1
■,■ "
1
1
1
1
1
' 1*
"'i'
2
1
1
■ .. -i
i
1
1
1
3
1
. ! ' 2
3
2
3
16
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against tt
e
person.
Class
I.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
AGES.
USE OF
LIQUORS.
USAGE DE
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES Ot L'OFFENSE
A ]&TE COMMISE.
Un-
able to
read
or
write.
Inca-
pable
de lire
ou d'e-
crire.
Ele-
men-
tary.
Ele-
men-
taire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16 ans.
M. F
H. F
16 years
and
under 21.
16 ans
et moins
de2L
M. F.
H. F.
21 years
and
under 40.
21 ans
et raoins
de40.
M. F.
H. F.
40 years
and over.
40 ans
et plus.
M. F.
H. F.
Not
given.
Non-
donne.
M. F
H. F
Mo-
de-
rate
Mo-
dere
Im-
mo-
de-
rate
Im-
mo-
dere
Rape.
Colchester, N.-E
1
1
1
—
1
—
1
1
—
"l'
1
—
—
Grey (^nt
1
1
1
Kent Ont
2
2
9.
.
York Ont
—
3
1
3
9i
—
—
Manitoba Est
. . .
....
—
4
1
1
—
1
Totaux du Canada
6
4
Rape, attempt at
Cap-Breton N -E
Halifax N -E
1
1
1
1
1
2
Yarmouth N -E
1
—
2
1
1
1
—
1
1
—
1
....
—
1
1
-2
—
Grey, Ont
Perth Ont
York Ont
1
1
1
2
1
—
1
1
1
—
1
3
1
1
1
—
1
1
2
3
—
Totaux du Canada
5
2
STATISTIQUE CRIM I N ELL E— 1 905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
17
T.4BLEAU I. Outrages contre la personne.
Classe I.
BIRTH PLACES.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
RESI-
DENCE.
Beitish Isles.
Iles Britanniques.
Ca-
nada.
Uni-
ted
States
Etats-
Unis.
.
Other
Fo-
reign
Coun-
tries.
Au-
tres
pays
etran-
gers.
Other
Bri-
tish
Pos-
ses-
sions.
Autr's
posses
sions
Bri-
taimi-
ques.
Bap-
tists.
Bap-
tistes.
R.
Ca-
tho-
lics.
Ca-
tholi-
ques.
Ch.of
Eng-
land.
Eglise
d'An-
gle-
terre.
Me-
tho-
dists
Me-
tho-
dis-
tes.
Pres-
byte-
rians.
Pres-
byte-
riens.
Pro-
tes-
tants
Other
Deno-
inina-
tions.
Autr's
con-
fes-
sions.
.2
m
a
1
%
m
.£
-.-1
0
03
.1^
Eng-
land
and
Wales
Angle
terre
et
GaUes
Ire-
land.
Ir-
lande.
Scot-
land.
Ecos-
se.
s
i
■l.
Viol.
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
i
j
1 1
I
1
1
1
-
1
::::,
"i
1
1
"'2
" i
i'
2
3
2
1
3
....
:::;:;
1
.. . 1... .
.5
1 1
2 , 1 ! 1 1
2
4
Viol, tentative de
1
1
1
1'
1
... J 1'
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 .^.! ..
1
1
!
1
1
1
1
;
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
9.
'
• ■ 1
i .
1
1
1 1
4
1 1
3
1
1
4 : 4
17—2
18
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Tablk I.
Offences against the person.
Class i.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OtJ L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con-
victed
Ist.
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
Con-
victed
2nd.
Con-
dam-
nes
deux
fois.
Reite-
rated.
Plus
de2
recidi-
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
EMPRISONNfe.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou Ta-
in'nde
No Option.
Sans option
Un- One
der I year
one ] and
year. over..
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. I plus.
Indecent assault.
a One hour in jail and a fine of .$.500 — Une heure d'emprisonnement et une arriende de
h One to receive 5 lashes — Un, k recevoir 5 coups de fouet.
Cape l^reton, N.S
3
1
4
1
"2
-
ml
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
Digby, N.S
Halifax, N.S
1
1
Pictou, N.S
Totals of Nova Scotia
9
2
1
6
5
1
1
Queen's, N.B
1
2
1
1
1
St. John, N.B
2
Arthabaska, Que
1
2
6
1
2
3
1
'i'
1
1
6
1
1
3
1
1
" "i
al
Bedford, Que
1
4
1
1
....
Montreal, Que
Ottawa, Que
2
1
1
Quebec, Que
1
2
" "i
' 'i
1
St. Francis, Que
-
St. Hyacinthe, Que
Totals of Quebec
16
2
14
S
4
2
2
3
2
Brant, Ont
2
1
2
1
1
1
4
2
5
2
3
1
2
1
6
2
2
1
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
12
2
1
1
1
i'
1
1
4
1
1
"i'
... ^.
Bruce, Ont
"1
i
' '1'
1
Carleton. Ont
Elgin, Ont
Frontenac, Ont
1
Grey, Ont
Haldimand, Ont
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
i
1
1
"i
1
1
1
2
1
1
Haltcm, Ont
1
Hastings, Ont
'ml
1
1
Huron, Ont
1
"i"
Kent, Ont
1
Lambton, Ont
Leeds and Grenville, Ont
"" i
Lennox and Addington, Ont
Middlesex, Ont
Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. . .
Nipissing, Ont
"'1'
... ^.
1
3
1
mi
1
2
1
1
1
" 2
"1
1
Northumberland & Durham, 0
Peel, Ont
1
1
6
Perth, Ont
Peterborough, Ont
Renfrew, Ont
4
1
1
4
1
1
2
1
Thunder Bay & Rainy River, O. . .
Victoria, Ont
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
7
Welland, Ont
Wellington, Ont
York, Ont
5
4
1
63
1
—
Totals of Ontario
71
39
2
30
24
5
1
5
12
7
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1 9 05.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
19
Tableau
I.
Outrages contre la personne.
Classe I.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiart.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
PiXITENCrEH.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Other
Two
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
tns
A vie
kla
ce.*!.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
CeU-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
gants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cmq.
me.
rales.
Attentat a la pudeur.
2
2
"i
2
1
1
1
1
1 ■■ T
1
1
1
1
: 1 '
i
4
1
3 .....
3 1
... 5
.....
1
1
1
1
1
al
1
1 1
1
2'
1
l'
""2
"1
3
i
2
1 j al
..... 1
2
1
4
1
1
al
1
1
9
i
'
1 1 1
2
. ..2 3
1
1 1 ,.... 3 1
6
5
9
1
1
""i'
1
-
■ ■ ■ 1
1
!
3
1
i
3
3
1
""'1'
1
"" i
" 1*
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
al
2
1
i
2
1
1
1
:: 9. !■■•■■
1
4
1
1
1
1
al
1
1
t
... ^.
1
4
3
1
2
4t
1
.
6
14
6
21
a Sentence suspended — Sentence susf>endue.
17— 2h
20
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Class i.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
Un-
able to
read
Ele-
or
write.
men-
tary.
Inca-
pable
de lire
Ele-
men-
taire.
ou d'e-
crire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
AGES.
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16 ans.
I
M. F
H.
16 years
and
under 21.
21 years
and
under 40.
40 years
and over.
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
et moins
de2L
et moins
de40.
et plus.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
Not
given.
Non-
donne.
M.
H.
USE OF
LIQUORS.
USAGE DK
LIQUEURS
Mo-
de-
rate
Mo-
dere
Im-
mo-
de-
rate
Im-
mo-
dere
Indecent assault
Cap-Breton, N -E
2
1
2
1
1
1
1'
1
1
1
1
4
1
Digby, N.-E
Halifax, N.-E.
1
1
1
1
Pictou N -E.
2
1
1
-
6
3
9.
St Jean N -B
—
1
—
1
1
1
Arthabaska, Que. .
" 1
2
1
"4
.. ^.
1
""i
1
1
2
1
2
1
5
1
Quebec, Que
St. Fran9ois, Que ...
"2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
6
3
1
1
4
4
il'l
—
Totaux de Quebec
5
7
2
2
10
i
1
1
Elgrin, Ont.
1
1
1
Grey, Ont
Haldimand, Ont
3
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
Huron, Ont
1
1
Kent, Ont . .
1
1
1
Leeds et Grenville, Ont
I
1
1
1
1
3
1
Middlesex, Ont
2
2
1
Nipissing, Ont '
2
1
1
2
Peel, Ont.
Perth, Ont
4
1
3
2
1
?,
Peterborough, Ont
1
1
Renfrew, Ont
1
Storm't, D'daset Gleng'ry,0. . .
Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv. 0.
1
1
1
1
1
1
Victoria, Ont
Waterloo, Ont
Welland Ont
i
^
Wellington, Ont
York, Ont . .
1
2
-
2
8
1
5
1
3
-
1
14
3
12
Totaux d'Ontario
7 20
13
STATISTIQUE CHIMIN ELLE — 1 9 0 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
21
Tableau i.
Outrage.'
J contre la personne.
Classe I.
BIRTH PLACES.
—
RELIGIONS.
RESI-
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
DENCE.
British Isles.
Other
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Deno-
^
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch.of
Me-
Pres-
mina-
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
ses-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
lics.
tho-
dists
byte-
rians.
>
1
Eng-
land.
.2
(5
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
00
C
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
tes-
P=
Walbs
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
Autr's
fi
.2
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
con-
■V
-fe
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
fes-
^
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
nens.
sions.
et
lando
se.
stran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
u 3
GaUes
gers.
ques.
O
^^
Attentat a la pudeur.
1
1
1
1
1
! .-..
! 1
1
1
2
1
•2
1
......
.....
1
1
1
2
....
um:
1
]
i
1
2
4
1
3
1
1
1
I
1
1
1 1 . . .
1
1
1
1
5
1
"i'
.....
"6
1
1 1
1
1
1 ^
1
1
■•■• 1
i'
3
1
i
1
3
1
1
2
1
10
I
1
1
1
1
11
1
1 . .
G
5
1
2
111_
4
I
1
'""i'
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
3
"'■3'
1
1
1
... .
. . . .
■
1
1
1
I
1
1
3
i
1
i
"'1'
"'i'
1
1
1
1
1
1
"2
2
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
" i
1
4
'"'1'
i'
1
1
—
"2
7 1
2
'"■4'
25
1 1
8
7
1
4
17
10
22
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Class i.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MIT ^ED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE
A tTE COMMISE.
Number
of
Charges
A.C-
De-
tained
for
Lu-
nacy.
quit-
ted.
Nombre
d 'accu-
sations.
Ac-
quit-
tes.
De-
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con- Con-
victed %ncted Reitp-
Ist. 2nd. rated.
Con- Con- j Plus
dam- dam- { de 2
nes nes recidi-
une deux ves.
fois. i fois. i
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprisonn^s.
With : No Option.
the —
option Sans option.
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou I'a-
m'nde
One
Un-
der year
one j and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. j plus.
Indecent assault — Concluded.
Incest.
2
6
2
3
'"'3'
1
1
1
1
Manitoba, Eastern
3
-
1 1
1
\ ancou ver, B. C
6
a5
4
3
1
1
3
3
2
3
"i
2
61
1
Victoria, B.C
2
3
cl
Westminster, B.C
—
...
Totals of British Columbia. .
15
5
8
8
1
4
1
—
Alberta Northern, Al'ta
1
d3
4
1
1
1
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
2
2
Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat
—
■■:.: !
2
1
1
1
1
Assiniboia, Western, Saskat
Totals of Al'ta and Saskat. .
9
4
4
4
2
1
Totals of Canada
131
57
3 68
53
11
4
9
24
13
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Hastings, Ont
■'l'
""1
1
1
Vancouver, B.C
1
Totals of Canada
5
3
1
1 1
Attempt and carnally knowing
a girl of tender years
.
Ottawa, Que . .
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
St. Francis, Que
—
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
Essex, Ont
'
1
1
2
Middlesex, Ont
....
Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. . .
Nipissing, Ont
Northumberland & Durham, O.. . .
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
el
1
1
Prescott and Russell, Ont
Welland, Ont
"2
York, Ont
--
Totals of Ontario
19 1 8
11
11
7
2
1
2
1
1
1
"i
1
—
Vancouver, B.C
1
i 1 1 1
a One, jury disagreed— Un, les jures ne se sont pas accordes, & 1, Nolle prosequi. h And 12 lashes
— Et 12 coups de fouet. c And 20 lashes— Et 20 coups de fouet. d 1, Nolle prosequi. e And
15 lashes — Et 15 coups de fouet.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1 905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
23
Tableau
I.
Outrages centre la p)ersonne.
Classe I.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Pknitentiaky.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
PiNITENCIBB.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
CeU-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
gants.
trials.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cmq.
me.
rales.
Attentat a la pudeur— Fin.
*l
2 1 ...
1 . ..! ....
1
2
1
2
■
al
r
i
2 1
2
i
i
2
1
1
1
2 2
2
'■ .s
1
al 1
1
1
■■■ ■ 1
1
1
1
. . . .
1
2
1
11
. . .! 4 1 7 1 7 . 8 .... 1 14
1
24 i 15 i . . , .
43
Inceste.
1 J
j
:::;. di'
i
1
j
1
!
1 1 .. .
1 1 i
1
Tentative et commerce chamel avec une fiUe en bas age.
1
1
1
1
1
1
al
1
61
1
1
1
1
1
"l
"i
1
1
....
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
,
1 '
1
1
1
1
5 1
1
2
3
1
7
1
1
2
2
1
1
■ ■ ■
'A
j
1 ....
i 1
1
* And whipping — Et a etre foiiette.
a Sentence suspenHed— Sentence suspendue. h And 75 lashes — Et 75 coups de fouet.
c And 20 lashes— Et 20 coups de fouet. d And three whipping— Et a etre fouette trois fois.
24
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5
5-6 EDWARD Vil., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the
person.
Clas.s
I.
EDUCATIONAL
USE OF
STATUS.
LIQUOKS.
JUDICIAL DISTEICTS
—
AGES.
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DE
IN WHICH
-
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
Un-
Under
16 years
21 years
able to
16
and
and
40 years
Not
MITTED.
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over.
given.
Im-
or
men-
Supe-
—
—
—
—
—
Mo-
mo-
—
write.
tary.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
Non-
de-
de-
de
et moins
et moins
et plus.
donne.
rate
rate
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Inca-
Ele-
Supe-
16 ans.
de21.
de40.
-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
pable
men-
neure
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F
Mo-
Im-
A ETE COMMISE.
de lire
ou d'e-
caire.
—
—
-
■-
—
—
—
—
—
—
dere
mo-
dere
crire.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F
Indecent assault — Concluded-
Manitoba, Centre
2
'>
Manitoba, Est
2
1
1
1
1
1
—
Vancouver, Col.-B
3
Victoria, Col.-B
2
3
1
1
2
4
Westminster, Col.-B
9
2
4 ..
X
—
1 ....
Totaux de la Col. -Britann . .
5
1
1
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta ..... .
1
1
Alberta, Sud, Al'ta
Assiniboia, Est, Saskat
"i
i'
1
15
2
Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat
1
1
28
—
....
Totaux d'Al'ta et de Saskat
2
3 !..
—
13 ..
20
Totaux du Canada
12
42
4 1 5
15
27
Incest.
Brant, Ont
Hastings, Ont
....
Huron, Ont
1
1
-
1
--
Vancouver, Col.-B
1
—
Totaux du Canada
1
1
Attempt anc
carnally knowing
a girl of tender years.
«
Ottawa, Que
1
1
■ 1
1
1
1
Quebec, Que
St. Fran^-ois, Que
1
1
1
1
—
Brant, Ont
1
1
1
' 1
1
Essex, Ont
1
1
1
1
Leeds et Grenville, Ont
Middlesex, Ont
1
1
1
1
1
Muskoka et Parry Sound, Ont . .
Ni pissing, Ont .
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
9
2
1
Ontario, Ont
1
"l'
i
Prescott et Russell, Ont
1
Welland, Ont
York, Ont
2
2
2
5
—
Totaux d'Ontario.
i
10
2
9,
—
Manitoba, Est
2
Manitoba, Ouest ".
1
1
—
1
—
Vancouver, Col.-B
1
STATISTIQUE CHIMIN ELLE — 1 9 05
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
25
Tableau i.
Outrages
centre la personnc
Cla
5S I.
BIRTH PLACES.
.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other Other
«!
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
^
o
Iles Britanniqces.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
r^:
u
Uni-
ted
Pos-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
Eng-
land.
r ho-
byte-
rians.
mina-
>
Eng-
tries.
ses-
lics.
dists.
tions.
1
P
lard
Ire- 1 Scot-
States
sions.
Pto-
a
o
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
—
r,
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H
j3
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
'a
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
thoh-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
i
Q P
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
^
-a^^
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
•;3
Sd
Galles
gers.
ques.
O
K
Iriceste.
Tentative et commerce charnel avec une fille en bas agf.
Attentat
a la pudeur-
-Fin.
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1... .
2
"l
3
2
1
2
9
"i
2 1 ..
"l'
'■'2'
' "
\
1
1
2
1
6
2
1
1
1
......
::;::|;:::::
"i'
"""i'
... 1
1
1
•• •■!- -1
1
(;
2
6
1
1 45
3
3
1
17 1 14
14 1 1
4
44
18
1
1
i
•
1
1
!■ • •
1
i
1 ••■•
1
1 .
1
....1
1
1
1 1 1
1
1
1
1
::/:■! \
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
... . 1
1
"1
1
1
1
1
1
1
■ 2'
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
.....
1
1
2
1
7
I
1
3
5
2
4
7
2
1
2
. 2
1
1
1 I !
1 _ _J .. .
1
1 ._. .I_ ___i ^
1
26
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1f06
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Class l
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
De-
d'accu-
quit-
feations
tes.
pour
cause
de
folic.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con-
victed
1st.
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
Con- I
victed Reite-
2nd. rated.
Con-
dam -
nes
deux
fois.
Plus
de2
recidi-
ves.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprisonn^s.
Withl
the I
option
of a I
fine.
Sur
option
entre I
la pri-
son I
OU Ta-
rn'nde.
No Option.
Sans option
Un- One
der
one
year.
year
and
over.
Moinsj Un
d'un 1 an et
an. I plus.
Attempt and carnally knowing a girl of tender years — Concluded.
Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat. .
Assiniboia, Western, Saskat.
Totals of Canada .
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
-
31
10
21
20
1
bl
10
Seduction.
Montreal, Que
Ottawa, Que
St. Francis, Que
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
al
1
1
1
1
'2
—
Algoma and Manitoulin. Ont
"i
1
1
1
1
1
1
Carleton, Ont .
Middlesex, Ont
Norfolk Ont . . .
2
1
1
Oxford, Ont
Perth, Ont
Simcoe, Ont
1
1
1
1
'" 1
1
1
1
.. .^
1
....
1
1
1
Welland Ont
Wentworth, Ont
""1'
1
1
Vork Ont
10
1
-
19
1
9
7
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
Victoria, B . C
-
Totals of Canada
25
15
10
8
2
2
2
Abduction.
Bedford, Que
Montreal, Que
1
1
1
" i
..
i
"1'
—
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
""1
2
1
1
"i
1
1
1
1
1
'■'"i
"i'
Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. .
Peel Ont
""i
York, Ont
1
.
10
5
5
4
1
3
1
1
i
1
1
j
Vancouver, B.C
1 ...
a And $50 or 6 months more— Et $50 ou 6 mois de plus. b And 10 lashes— Et 10 coups de fouet.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1 9 05
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableau
I.
Outrages contre la personne.
Classe I.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitkncier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
tui al.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
— -
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
En
ans
ans
A vie
k la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
veu-
Celi-
et
et
pi son
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
vage.
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
9ants.
trielfl.
sions
liera.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cinq.
me.
rales.
Tentative et commerce charnel avec une fiUe en I
TPim
el
dl
'"'*i'
1
4
4
1
i 1
1
6
3
3
5
4
1
14
Seduction.
( 1
1
1
... .
" "i'
al
al
1
1
1
1
el
al
al
1
i
"i'
......
1
1
1
1
1
1
"i
l'
■
a]
1
6
2
1
2
4
1
8
6
2
1
2
5
1
1 9
Enlevement.
1. . . .
.. . ....
1
1
1
1
1
1
'" i
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
1 I
61
1
1
a Sentence suspended- Sentence suspendue. b Reprimanded— Reprimande. And to receive,
^ 6, (19 lashes— Et arecevoir, e 6, d 9 coup.s de fouet. e Convicted, but acquitted on manying the girl
— Condamne, mais acquitte en mariant la fille.
28
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the
person.
Class
1.
EDUCATIONAL
USE OP
STATUS.
LIQUORS.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
—
AGES
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DK
IN WHICH
LIQUKUB8
OFFENCE WAS COM-
Un-
Under
16 years
21 years
able to
16
and
and
40 years
Not
MITTED.
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over.
given.
Im-
or
men-
Supe-
—
—
—
—
—
Mo-
mo-
—
write.
tary.
rior.
Moins
16 ana
21an8
40 ans
Non-
de-
de-
de
et moins
et moins
et plus.
donne.
rate
rate
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Inca-
Ele-
Supe-
16 9 ns.
de21.
de40.
—
CI AIRES OU L' OFFENSE
pable
men-
neure
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F
Tm-
A ETE COMMISE
de lire
taire.
Mo-
mo-
OU d 'e-
dere
dere
cnre.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F
Attempt and carnally knowing a girl of tender years — Concluded.
1 1 1
2 .
2 .
': 1
■ ' 15
.1
\.. 1 if
■■! 4
7l....i 6i....
Totaux du Canada 5 | 13 1
2
3
Seduction.
Montreal, Que
1
1
1
St. Francois, Que
Algcma et Manitoulin, Ont. . . .
Brant Ont
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Middle.sex Ont
Norfolk Ont
"i
1
1
1
Ovford, Ont
1
1
1
1
Perth Ont.
1
1
1
1
Welland Ont
Wentworth, Ont
York Ont
1
j
i'
2
....
I
i
6
1
5
1
1
—
1 ■ 8
3
j
—
■■:.
Victoria, Col. -B
....
Totaux du Canada
2 ' 8
2
6
1
1
6
4
Abduction.
Bedford, Que
Montreal, Que
....
i'
....
"i'
1
2
1
2
■
1
2
1
1
l'
1
1
Peel, Ont
i
-
1
1
York, Ont
■ ■
3
4
3
Manitoba, Est
Vancouver, Col.-B .
i 1
. .
1
....
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
29
Tableau i.
Outrages
contre la personne.
Classk I.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Other
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
<D
-s
Iles Britaxniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch.of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
.'3
•s
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
ses-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
Eng-
land.
tho-
byte-
rians
mina
p-
n
Eng-
Hcs.
dists
tions.
1
Q
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
c
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
^
B
Whales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H
%
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
■c
■s .
Angle
Etats-
tres-
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An
tho-
byte-
con-
c8
SS^
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
nens.
fes-
^
e8 J:
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
i^ji
Galles
gers.
ques.
o
tf
Tentative et commerce charnel avec une fille en bas age — Fin.
.'.'.'.'. '"l \*".".'.^. '.'.'-. \'.'....
:.::|::-- .r: •■• i-;::::.
1
1
1
'""l
3
1
■ 14 ' 1 ! . .. J . . . ....! 4 ■ 6 1 5 1 3 1 1
! 9
10
Enlevement.
Seduction.
1
1
1
1
1
!■■■ ■
1
V
1
1
1
1
....1
1
1
1
1
1
■ X .■ ■
' i
1
1
1
"i
' 1
1
'.'.'.'.'X.'.'.'.'.'.
" i'
1
.
1
1
1
'"i
1
......
1
■
1
.... 1 .
i .
1
■■■ i
1
8
■ •• 1
2
3
3 ; 3 *■>
....
1
1
(
1
9
1
1 3
3
3
7
1
1
1
1
i ■ "■"
1
" 2
1
..,..
1
""2
: ::
1
1
.. ' 1
1
1
1
4
2
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
30
CRIMINAL STATISTICS~1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., .A. 1906
Table i.
OfiFenees against the person.
Class i.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETB COMMISE
Number
of
Charges
Ac-
quit-
ted.
De-
tained
for
Lu-
nacy.
Nombre
d'accu-
sations.
Ac-
quit-
tes.
De-
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Con-
Con-
victed
victed
1st.
2nd.
Total.
—
—
Con-
Con-
iam-
dam-
nes
nes
una
deux
fois.
• fois.
Reite-
rated.
Plus
de2
recidi-
SENTENCE.
COMMITTEn TO JaIL
EMPEISONNiS.
With ' No OPTION.
the : —
option^ Sans option.
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou I'a-
m'nde
Un- One
der year
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
A bd uction — Concluded.
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
1
1
Totals of Canada
15 8
7
5
1
2 ! 1.
4
Shooting, stabbing and wounding with intent.
Cape Breton, N.S
2
1
3
2
2
1
2
1
2
""2
1
" i
Colchester, N.S
Halifax, N.S
'i'
i
Queen's, N.S
1
Totals of Nova Scotia
8
1
6
5
1
Westmoreland, N.B
a2
1
1
York, N.B
-
1
1
1
Montreal, Que
14
2
.3
5
2
2
9
' i'
9
" i'
*
5
2
... ^
Quebec, Que
Three Rivers, Que
Totals of Quebec
19
9
10
10
5
3
Algoma and Manitoulin, Ont
1
3
1
3
2
1
1
1
2
4
1
1
1
2
18
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
5
31
1
;
2
1
1
1
'"'1'
1
2
"i
1
Brant, Ont
2
2
1
"'i'
1
Bruce, Ont
Carleton, Ont
Dufferin, Ont
Essex. Ont
1
Frontenac, Ont
"i
1
1
"i'
1
Hastings, Ont
Kent. Ont
Lennox and Addington, Ont
i
3
"3
Lincoln, Ont
i
ml
1
3
1
Middlesex, Ont
Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont . .
Nipissing, Ont
1
1
1
Oxford, Ont
1
"3'
Peel, Ont
2
15
1
1
1
2
. ^.
"3
17
1
15
1
1
1
1
" i"
1
Perth Ont
7
2
1
Peterborough, Ont
Renfrew, Ont
Stormont, D'das & Glengarry, 0. . .
1
Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. . .
Vict(3ria. Ont
"i"
Waterloo, Ont
Welland. Ont
1
"i'
13
i
1
4
m2
Wellington, Ont
'.V
13
"'i'
4
6
Wentworth, Ont
2
York, Ont
2
2
Totals of Ontario
90
28
3
55
48
4 i 3
16
12
4
a One case, jury disagreed — Un cas, les jures ne se sont pas accordes.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
31
Tableau
I.
Outrages
3ontre la personne
Classe I.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
PENirENTIAET.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
live
D'th.
tories
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
ov r.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
D'ux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
hla.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
ries.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
9ants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
Ube-
cmq.
ms.
rales.
Enlev
3ment-
-Fin.
!
I
1
1
1
1
1 1 1
4
1
5
Usage d'armes avec intention criminelle.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
:::::.•::.
al
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
i|
1
2
1
2
2
4
... J
1
1
1
1
2
6
4
5
1
1
1
1
1
..
2
7
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
'"'i'
1
1
62
2
1
1
1
ai
'i
2
1"
3
1
1
i
1
' i
6
1
1
1
2
1"
4
1
a2
a6
■ 1
"7
i
1
1
11
al
1
i'
.....
1
2'
1
1
1
""2
'""2
'""'i'
14
'"2
3
3
rt2
4
13
4
5
14
1
2
10
2
36
19
35
a Sentence suspended — Sentence susi)endue. h Bound to keep the peace — Tenus de garder la paix .
32
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the
person.
Clas.s
I.
EDUCATIONAL
USE OP
STATUS.
LIQUORS.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
—
AGES.
—
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DK
IN WHICH
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
Un-
Under
16 years
21 years
able to
16
and
and
40 years
Not
MITTED.
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over.
given.
Im-
or
men-
Supe-
—
—
—
—
—
Mo-
mo-
—
write.
tary.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
Non-
de-
de-
de
et moins
et moins
et plus.
donne.
rate
rate
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Inca-
Ele-
Supe-
16 ans.
de21.
de40.
—
CI AIRES OTJ L'OFFENSE
pable
men-
rieure
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F
Mo-
Im-
A ETE COMMISE.
delire
ou d'e-
taire.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
dere
mo-
dere
crire.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F
Abduction-
—Concluded.
Alberta, Sud, Al'ta .
!
.. 1 ....
4
1
1
2
Totaux du Canada
6
.. ! 1
4
Shooting,
stabbing and
wounding with intent.
Cap-Breton, N.-E
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Colchester, N.-E
1
Halifax, N.-E . .
—
1
1
2
1
1
—
2
1
5
Queen's, X.-E.
3
6
1
—
—
W^estmoreland N. -B .
"i
"i
York, N.-B .
1
2
—
2
4
2
—
Montreal, Que
Quebec, Que
0
4
1
7
Trois-Rivieres, Que
1
-
2
1
5
1
1
3
2
—
Totaux de Quebec
5
5
1
7
-
Algoma et Manitoulin Ont
1
1
Brant, Ont
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Carleton, Ont ...
1
1
2
Dufferin, Ont
1
2
1
1
1
1
Hastings, Ont
Kent, Ont
' "l
2
Lincoln, Ont
1'
1
2
"2
1
Middlesex, Ont
1
1
Nipissing, Ont
Oxford, Ont..
'"2
15
1
Peel, Ont ...
"i'
"2
2
11
1
1
2
7
"i'
1
Perth, Ont
1
8
Peterborough, Ont
1
1
1
Renfrew, Ont
Storm't, D'dasetGleng'ry, 0. . .
1
2
1
....
2
?,
1
1
1
Welland, Ont
Wellington, Out
3
13
"2
1
2
14
38
1
15
33
2
York, Ont
2
1
1
2
8
1
-
2
—
4
Totaux d'Ontario
6
46
2
3
21
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
33
Tableau i.
Outrages
centre la personne.
Classe I.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
—
RELIGIONS.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
Bbitish Isles.
Other
Other
Iles Britanniques.
Fo-
reign
Bri-
tish
R.
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Other
Deno-
1
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
ses-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
lics.
Eng-
land.
tho-
dists
byte-
rians.
>
1
X *
Eng-
mina-
Q
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
tions.
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
?
-2
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
Eh
'C
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
-a
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
a
QS
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
CO
-^5*
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
■-S
J3 3
GaUes
gers.
ques.
sions.
Q
ps"
Enle vement —Fin.
....1
1
1 i
2
' ... 5 L ...: . ...i .. .
1
1
2
1
1
1 3
4
Usage d
'armes avec intention criminelle.
1 1 1
i
11 1 9
1
1
"9,'
1
"2'
1
1
. .... . 1
1
1
'
2
1 1 2 j 1
.. ..| 3 ;
1
1 ; 115
1
"i
! 1
1 1 1
...
I.:::.-.::-!:::;:;:::-:'-!-
1
... . j .
4
' i
1 4
. ^ ' 8 . . ...J. . .
1
9
I'" ■
1 . .
1
5
1 4 9
1
10
■^" 1
.. . 1
-[
1 1
... ^
" 1"
1
2
1
1
1
. . . 1
. . . 2
..... .....
:;;•:
2
1
1
1
1
1
""i'
■3'
"2
12
i'
"i
" 2'
" i
2
i
1
1
::::::
1
3
1
6
■ ■ ■ ■ 1
"is
1
•>
2
J
1
1
1
... .'" 1
1
1-
1
1
1
.'.'.'.'.'J 2
' 1
2
2
1
1
1
::::: :;:;::i::::
... .
"2 ^
3
7
1
10
|_
2
8 :
1
6
17
2
.3
m
14
1
23
16
9
1
•>
3
47
8
17—3
34
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Class i.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A BTB COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
EMPRISONNi;8.
Total.
Con-
victed
1st.
Con-
dam-
nes
una
fois.
Con-
victed
2nd.
Con-
dam-
nes
deux
fois.
Reite-
rated.
Plus
de2
recidi
With
I *¥
option
i of a
I fine.
Sur
[option
entre
,1a i^ri-
son
jou I'a-
m'nde
No Option.
Sans option
One
Un-
der year
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
Bigamy.
Shooting, s
tabbing and wob
nding with intent— (
'Concluded.
Manitoba, Eastern
25
2
8
-
17
2
14
2
2
1
3
2
6
....
1
Vancouver, B.C
Victoria B C
3
5
2
2
1
1
2
4
2
1
■ 2
4
2
2
1
Valp R C
1
1 . .
1
—
Totals of British Columbia. .
12
3
9
9
1
3
1
2
3
1
1
'i'
1
Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat
1
1
2
1
2
"i
1
_7
2
1
1
'
f
Totals of Canada
168
53
3
104
93 7
4
26
24
8
Endangering th
s safety of passengers
on rai
ways.
Cape Breton, N.S
Colchester, N.S
1
1
1.
1
1
1
" 1
-
1
St. John, N.B
1
1
1
3
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
12
1
3
1
3
i^uebec, Que ...
2
2
—
Brant, Ont
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
"i
1
1
2
1
1
1
1 1
Nipissing, Ont
Peterborough, Ont
Prescott and Russell, Ont
Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. . .
1
1 ! . . .
1
1
2
1
3
--
9
7
1
1
6
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
—
Assiniboia, Western, Saskat
1
1
—
Totals of Canada
26
7
.... 1 19
Ifi
2
1
1
• 7 '
Halifax, N.S.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1 9 0 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
35
Tableau i.
Outrages centre la personne.
Classe I.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
PiNITENCIER.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Other
Two
years
ma-
Senten-
and
i'ive
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.,
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
_
De
En-
Autres
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
gants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cinq.
me.
»
rales.
Usage d'armes avec intention criminelle — Fin.
Exp>osant au peril les passagers sur les chemins de fer.
Bigamie.
2
1
a3, 61
""2
1
9.
13
5
1
12
1
"'i'
ai'
' " 2 ! "
. . . _
"i
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
3
4
1
1
61
1 ... .
1
1
1
::::: :::::
a\
1
14
9
1
22
7
7
1 ! 15
2
60
36 1 . . . .
64
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
■
1
1
2
a3
1
1
'" i
1
2
1
1
1
1
':::'.:
1
2
1
2
a\
1
2
■[
2
1
1
1
5
2 ... .
7
a2
■
1
[ ■ ■ ■ 1
al
1
1
i
1
1
3
7
1
3
6
3 1 1"
a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. 6 Bound to keep the peace — Tenus de garder la paix.
17 — oh
36
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the
person.
Class
I.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
AGES.
USE OF
LIQUORS.
USAGE DK
LIQUEUES
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Un-
able to
read
or
write.
Inca-
pable
d€ lire
ou d'e-
crire.
Ele-
men-
ta y.
Ele-
men-
taire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
•
Under
years.
Moins
de
16 ans.
16 years
and
under 21.
16 ans
et moins
de21.
21 years
and
under 40.
21 ans
et moins
de40.
40 years
and over.
40 ans
et plus.
Not
given.
Non
donne.
Mo-
de-
rate
Mo-
dere
Im-
mo-
de-
rate
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
M.
H.
F
F
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F
F
Im-
mo-
dere
Shooting,
stabbing and wounding
with intent
— Concluded.
Manitoba, Est
3
14
2
1
5
10
1
1
1
14
1
"2
2
3
2
-
1
"i
1
Vancouver, Col. -B
Victoria, Col.-B
3
1
1
2
2
9,
2
4
'
9,
Yale, Col.-B
.
2
1
1
2
....
1
2
5' ...
5
—
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta
. .
1
Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat . . .
Saskatchewan, Saskat
2
1
2'
_
—
1
1
1
—
13
60
3
15
6
61
Totaux du Canada
16
82
2
7
39
Endangering the
safety of passengers on
railways.
-
Cap-Breton, N.-E
Colchester N -E
1
1
...
—
i
1
1
1
-
St. Jean, N.-B
1
1
—
1
2
Kamoura^ika, Que
1
"2
....
—
1
1
■
Quebec, Que .
-—
Brant Ont
Haldimand, Ont
1
"i
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
6
Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv., O. . .
Wellington Ont
2
1
6
Wentworth, Ont
2
2
:
1
....
~-
3
—
Totaux d 'Ontario
1
8
3
—
Lll'
~
1 1
1
1
—
4
—
3
7
...
1
4
—
10
Totaux du Canada
2
13 . .. .
5
Bigamy.
Halifax. N. E.
STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE — 1 9 05.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
37
Tableao I.
Outrages
contre la personne
Classe I.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Deno-
a
-2
Ilks Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch.Df
Me-
Pres-
mina-
r3
'G
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
ses-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
lics.
Eng-
land.
tho-
dists
byte-
rians.
tions.
>
■^
Eng-
1
s
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
—
j=
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
^
-s
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
Autr's
H
•E
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
con-
'2
"J
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
fes-
^
fl«
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
sions.
*
-^2
et
lando
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
^?.
Galles
gers.
ques.
o
P5
Usag
e d'armes avec intention criminelle — Fin.
1
1
1
2
1 1 13
.... 1 8
1 1 3 15
1 1
IG i 1
2
1
i i
]
1 .. .
21
a. 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 -2 : 1
1 1 1
1| 1
2 2 : 1
1
1
.1 2 2 i 7 1 2
".'.'^V. "{'
j
1
...... ........ .^
1
.'...1 .. 1 ■ 2
...1 . . r ' ...
'
1 1
]
1
1 j 1
'
1
1 !
2
4
1
51 ! 5 i 35
2
1 i 44
17
13 1 6
12 ' (i 1 .^5 ' 18
Exposant an peril les
passagers sui
les ch
emins
de fer.
1
1 ...
1
1
1
1
1 :
i
1
i
!
1
2
1
\
2
1 i
1
1
1
A.
: 1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1
1
]
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
7
2
1
3
2
1
2
3
6
1
1
1
1
\
... , • ••■
,
6
1
12
2
5
5
2
1
2
9
Bigamie.
.>?.
38
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-5 EDWARD VII., A. .906
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Class i.
Number
of
Charges
Nombre
d'accu-
hations
De-
tained
for
Lu-
nacy.
De-
tenus
pour
cause
de
foUe.
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
SENTENCE.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
Ac-
quit-
ted.
Ac-
quit-
tes.
COMMITTEn TO JaIL
Emprisonnes.
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
Total.
Con-
victed
1st.
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
Con-
victed
2nd.
Con-
dam -
nes
deux
fois.
Reite-
rated.
Plus
de2
recidi-
ves.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou Ta-
rn'nde
No Option.
Sans option
Un- 1 One
der 1 year
one and
year. ' over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
M.
F
Bigamy — Concluded.
3
1
1
1
2
2
1
.;:.. ::: ::
2
t
Bruce, Ont /
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
6
17
"i'
1
1
1
1
"2
1
1
1
""i'
Lambton, Ont
Middlesex, Ont . .
2
Welland Ont
i
1
5
1
1
5
""2
Wellington, Ont. . ....
York Ont
1
3
2
3
3
12
12
3
3
Manitoba, Eastern
2
2
2
1
1
Totals of Canada
24
5
16
16 1 1 . . .
4
4
Assault on females.
Queen'.s, P.E.I
3
2
1
1
1
Cape Breton, N.S
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
... ^
2
1
1
1
Halifax, N.S
Pictou N.S.
1
—
7
7
5
1
1
4
2
—
Northumberland, N. B
York, N.B
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
—
Beauhamois, Que
Montreal, Que
Ottawa, Que
St. Francis, Que.
1
30
1
1
1
1
18
1
1
17
1
"1
1
12
1
11
1
■ 1
1
1
1
Totals of Quebec
34
12
21
20
1
14
1
Algoma and Manitoulin, Ont
Carleton, Ont
2
2
1
1
2
2
4
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
" i'
2
1
1
"' i
' i
1
"1
Elgin, Ont
Essex. Ont
Frontenac, Ont
"i"
ml
"ml
'"'i'
'"' i'
Haldimand, Ont
Huron, Ont
Kent, Ont
1
1
Lennox and Addington, Ont
2
1
1
1
1
STATISTIQUE. CRIMINELLE — 190 5.
39
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableau
I.
Outrages contre la personne
Classe i.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
OCCUPATIONS.
CONDITION.
Penitentiary.
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitenciek.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two;
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
live
D'th.
tories
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
ov r.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et .
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
ries.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
gants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
.
Kbe-
cinq.
-
me.
rales.
Bigamie — Fin.
Voies de fait sur femmes.
1
'
2
2
a\
1
"i'
1
1
1
;:::
1
a2
1
1
al
1
1
5
■
1
1
0
2
4
1 i
1
7
11
j 1
I
1
1
1
1 2
1
1
4 !... .
i . . . .
4
... . ' 11 2 ! 1 i... .
S ! 15
.. ., 1 1
.. • 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
■■■■4
a6
4
8
1
i
16
1
i '
6
4
4
10
18
1
1
1
"'1'
1
2"
2
1
a2'
61
"2
1
1
2
2
-■
■
1
""2'
1
1
« Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. h Bound to keep the peace — Tenus de garner la paix.
40
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against tY
e
person.
Class
I.
EDUCATIONAL
USE OP
STATUS.
LIQUORS,
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
—
AGES.
—
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DE
IN WHICH
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
Un-
Under
16 years
21 years
1
able to
16
and
and
40 years i Not
MITTED.
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over.
given.
Im-
or
men-
Supe-
—
—
—
—
—
Mo-
mo-
—
write.
tary.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
Non-
de-
de-
de
et moins
et moins
et plus.
donne.
rate
rate
DISTRICTS JUDI-
—
—
—
16 ans.
de21.
de40.
CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE
Inca-
Ele-
Supe-
pable
men-
neure
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F
Mo-
Im-
A ETE COMMISE.
de lire
ou d'e-
taire.
—
—
—
-
-
—
—
—
—
dere
mo-
dere
cnre.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F
Bieaniv — Ccmcluded.
1
1
1
2
1
?
. .. ,
1
1
1
1
Lambton, Ont
1
"i
■::
1
1
1
1
1
2
Welland, Ont
1
1
.5
1
1
1
5
11
2
13
Wellington, Ont
York Ont . .
1
—
—
1
2
9
2
1
1
1
10
1
Manitoba, Est
]
1
j
—
2
3
1
1
—
2
12
1
?
Assault on females.
Queen's, I. du P.-E
1
_
1
1
—
—
—
2
2
1
. 5
1
1
1
1
Cap-Breton, N.-E
Halifax, N.-E
i'
1
Pictou, N.-E
1
1
—
Totaux de la N. -Ecosse
1
1
»
York, N.-B
1
1
2
' 2
"l'
3
2
]
1
—
11
—
Montreal, Que
4
1
12
1
4
1
....
5
....
1
1
13
Ottawa, Que
1
....
12
--
Trois-Rivieres, Que
1
-
—
1
2
Totaux de Quebec
6
12
14
Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont
1
2
1
1'
Carleton, Ont
2
1
1
Elgin, Ont
' 1
Essex, Ont
1
2
.
"i'
1
1
1
1
9,
"i'
2
1
i
Kent, Ont
1
Lanark, Ont
Lennox et Addington, Ont
2
1
1
2
STATISTIQUE CRIMIXELLE— 1905. 41
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableau i.
Outrages contra la personne.
Classe I.
BIRTH PLACES.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
DENCE
British Isles.
Other
Fo-
Other
Bri-
R.
Other
Deno-
i
x
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
mina-
.-::
i-
Uni-
Coun-
Pos-
Bap-
tho-
Eng-
tho-
byte-
tions.
>
"S
Eng-
ted
tries.
ses-
tists.
lics.
land.
dists
rians.
i
Q
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
—
-c
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
%
1
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
Autr's
H
.2
u
—
—
—
Au-
posse»
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
con-
T3
"S .
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
fes-
cS
Q^
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
etr an-
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
rians.
sions.
^ d
et
lande.
se.
tanni-
terre.
tes.
■%
U ^
Galles
gers.
»
ques.
O
X
Bigamie — Fin.
Voies de fait sur femmes.
1
1
... . 1
1
1 2 ...
. . . .| 1
1
1
1
..... i
1
] .. . .
1 2
1 1
o
1
^::::J""1
,
...... . .^
.... 1
1 . .
]
1
3 i i
1
4
... . ■ 1 .5
1
9^ 1
3
1
4
I 2
. ! 10 1
I
1 '1
1
.. . . 1
2
1
1 1 1 : 9 1 2 i 1
.... i 4
3
4
1 3
....!.. 1 14 ■ 1
(
1
1
1
1 ....
1 i
' "i'
1
1 ....
1
1
1
1
. .. .
1
• •
1 ■
"ie
1
i
.'.'.'..' ' 1
i !
. .1 14
2
1
16
1
1 ...
,■ ■ : : :
1
1
..'.'..~ 1
j
18
1 1
:.
IH
2
1
1
17 1
;;:;.
2
2
. .. 1
... ... ^.
2
2
1 1
2
2
■ ■ •
.. l'
1
1
. ...
1
"i'
1
■ .;:...
1
•~>
,
"i
1
"i
1
1 .
1.. .
■■■■i;:.:::r i
2 . .
42
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
OfiFences against the person.
Class i.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
tes.
De-
sations.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Con-
Con-
victed
victed
1st.
2nd.
Total.
—
—
Con-
Con-
jam-
dam-
nes
nes
une
deux
fois.
fois.
Reite-
rated.
Plus
de2
recidi-
SENTENCE.
COMMITTEn TO -JaIL
Emprisonnes.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou Ta-
rn'nde
No OPTION.
Sans option.
Un-
der
one
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un ; an et
an. plus.
Assault on females — Concluded.
Lincoln, Ont
1
1
1
3
1
3
3
3
3
38
1
1
1
3
1
3
3
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
3
2
1
3
1
1
Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont . .
Prescott and Russell, Ont
1
1
Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. . .
Victoria, Ont
Welland, Ont
2
1
Wellington, Ont
1
'i
1
1
"i
Wentworth, Ont
2
York, Ont
4
2
32
28
3
1
12
10
1
Manitoba, Eastern
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Manitoba, Western
1
—
Victoria, B.C
Westminster, B.C
5
1
1
1
5
2
5
1
1
5
1
1
3
1
2
Yale, B.C
1
—
Alberta, Northern, Al'ta
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat
3
Saskatchewan, Saskat
1
1
1
Totals of Canada
102
21
2
78
71
4
3
38
21
1
Aggravated assault and inflicting bodily harm.
Queen's, P.E.I
6
3
3
1
2
3
—
Annapolis, N.S
1
4
2
24
2
1
34
1
3
1
15
2
1
1
3
1
10
.2
1
Cape Breton, N.S
1
1
8
2
1
Colchester, N.S
"'"2
■■'3'
""'i'
Halifax, N.S
1
Inverness, N. S
1
Yarmouth, N.S
1
10
1
Totals of Nova Scotia
23
18
2
3
1
3
2
St. John, N.B
5
1
5
1
5
5
Westmoreland, N.B
1
Bedford, Que
2
1
1
1
43
1
2
1
3
1
56
1
1
1
......
1
"'i'
Gaspe, Que
Joliette, Que
1
Kamouraska, Que
1
12
1
2
1
1
1
1
11
1
2
"""i
1
"l"
""&
"a5'
Montreal, Que
Ottawa, Que
29
2
1
Quebec, Que
"2
1
Richelieu, Que
1
St. Francis, Que
1
1
Three Rivers, Que
33
2
Totals of Quebec
21
18
2
1
6
9
1
a 2, Both jail and $75 each — La prison et $75 chaque.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1 905,
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
43
Tableau
I.
Outrages contre la personne.
Classe I.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
:ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
•Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tui al.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
De
En-
Autres
_
_
_
_
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
En
ans
ans
A vie
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
veu-
Celi-
et
et
pi son
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
vage.
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
gants.
triels.
sions
liers.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cinq.
me.
rales.
Voies de fait sur femmes — Fin.
Voies de fait et lesions corporelles.
1
'
1
.. ^
1
a3
al'
'
2
1
1
2.
1
1
1
1
0
1
3
3
9
15
... 1 6
'
1
1
"i'
2
1
1
1
1
1
al, 61
1
1
17
2
9
7
22
.36
9
1
•?
1
2
1
1
" "l'
1
1
1
al
3
1
9
... ^.
1
4
1
7
a8
■"l'
4
. . . .
3
'i
4
4
2
2
8
9
1
6
5
4
6
7
2 I 14
!
"i
2
1
1
.. .. 1 1
1 ■ ■ ■ ■
1
4
1
ol
1
1
1
"3
2
"i
2
1
1
7
1
1
1 -i
5
1
1
""l'
al
"l
2
1
1
... ^.
1
3
2
4
3
2
9
10
. .. .
11
a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. h Bound to keep the peace — Tenus de garder la paix.
44
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the
person.
Class
I.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
AGES.
USE OF
LIQUORS.
USAGE DE
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS ,JUDI
Un-
able to
read
or
write.
Inca
pable
de iii'e
ud'e-
crire.
Ele-
men-
tary.
Ele-
men-
taire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16 ans.
16 years
aud
under 21.
16 ans
et moins
de21.
21 years
and
under 40.
21 ans
et moins
de40.
40 years
and over.
40 ans
et plus.
Not
given.
Non-
donne.
Mo-
de-
rate
Mo-
dere
Im-
mo-
de-
rate
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
M.
H.
F
F
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F
F
Im-
mo-
dere
A
ssault
on females-
—Concluded.
Lincoln, Ont
1
■■
1
1 J
Muskoka et Parry Sound, Ont. . .
1
1
3
r
Preseott et Russell, Ont
Th'der Bavet Rainy Riv., Ont.
Victoria,-.6nt
Welland, Ont
1
1
....
Wellington, Ont
2
2
1
2
Wentworth. Ont
1 ...
. ... 2
1
York, Ont
.. .. !....
-
...
....j 1
.... 9
1
--
1
4
1
1
1
14
.. 8
1
TotAux d 'Ontario
3 U
1 .-.-
in
Manitoba, Est:
2
1
1
Manitoba, Ouest
—
.. 1
V.'.'. r
...
5
— ,
Victoria, Col.-B
Westminster, Col.-B
1
1 J
Yale, Col.-B
1
1
2
2
33
1
1
-
1
3 14
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta
Assiniboia, Est, Saskat
Saskatchewan, Saskat
1
—
o
.. 25
11
1
Totaux du Canada
10
31 1 1
27
Aggravated assault and inflicting bodily harm.
Queen's I. du P.-E
3
.... 1...
.
- :
1 ..
2 ....
1
-
1
1
3
2
Annai)olip, N.-E
1
3
1
12
Cap-Breton, N.-E
1
o
Colchester, N.-E
1
1
Halifa.x, N.-E
3
7 3
i;....
3
1
1.5
2
Inverness, N.-E
Yarmouth, N.-E
2
1
i'
13 3
3 ...
1 ...
4
1
-
21
3
Totaux de la N.-Ecosse. . .
3
20
-
3 ....
9:
1
—
St. Jean, N.-B
1
4
1
V(
Westmoreland, N.-B
1 ..
1
1
1 ....
Bedford, Que
1
1
1
Gaspe, Que
Joliette, Que
1
1
•
Kamouraska, Que
i '
]
1
3
1
Montreal, Que . . ...
3
1
1
1
8 ....
1 ...:
4
s
Ottawa, Que
1
Quebec, Que
Richelieu, Que. i
1 ]
1
2
i
1 . ..
1
St. Francois, Que
Trois-Rivieres, Que
1
:
ll..
1
1
1 : ..
1
S
—
1 1 1
........
13 I . . .
0
—
Totaux de Quebec
8
13
1
13
STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE — 1 905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
45
Tableau i.
Outrages centre la jjersonne.
Classe I.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSAXCE
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
i Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
K.
Other
a; "5
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
.^ r 'E
Uni-
Coun-
Pos-
Bap-
tho-
Eng-
tho-
byte-
mina-
t> "S
Eng-
ted
tries.
ses-
tists.
lics.
land.
dists.
rians.
tions.
1 s
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
c 1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
—
^ iS
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres
Autr's
'o "S .
Angle
Etats
tres
sions
tistes .
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
terra
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
g ' '^ ^
et
lande.
se.
stran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
•%. «- 3
Galles
gers.
que.
O s^"
V^oies de fait sur femmes — Fin.
1
"" i'
1
1 '
1
1
1
1
i .
1
'.".:. ..::. .:;;:
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
* i
1
1
j
1
18
...
1 3 3
• 3
3
4 ! 2 16 3
' ' ■ r ■
1
1
1
1
1 i 1 1
j
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
■'i' ::;::' " r ■■■
!
i
'
L
1
41
2
1
22
5
3
4
5 4 37 1 6
Voies de fait graves et
lesions corporelles
1 1
3
2
1
1 2 1
1
1
1
11
2
1
1
1
"6
1
1
1
1
"l
2
■■3
4
1
1
2
1
3
"2
"1'
"'ii'
1
1
2
1
2 I
\ 1' 1 • ■•
2
3
10
4 1 1 1 4
1 1
i
17
6
..... 1
1
1
1
^
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1
2
"i
8
1
2
1
1
1
3
_
X
10
"2'
1
.....
2
1
; •
1
'
1 ■
. . ■ 1 1
17
1 3
16 1 3
...j
2 ' ; 14
7
46
CRIMI:NAL statistics — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Class i.
.JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE
A :ete commise.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d'accu-
quit- .
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
m. F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con- Con-
victed victed Reitft-
Ist. 2nd. rated.
Con-
dam-
nes
una
fois.
Con- Plus
dam- de 2
nes recidi-
deux I ves.
fois.
SENTENCE.
Committed to .Jail
Emprisonnes.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou I'a-
m'nde
No Option.
Saxs option.
Un-
der
one
year, over
One
year
and
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
Aggravated assault and inflicting bodily h
arm — Concluded.
Algoma and Manitoulin. Ont
Brant, Ont
Car\e-trtn Ont
1
1
8
1
3
2
3
2
1
2
1
9,
i
1
1
1
6
5
1
3
3
Essex, Ont
1
1
1
2
6
3
'"'i'
3
8
3
1
2
1
2
3
2
3
2
2
4
3
3
2
4
15
65
1
1
1
' i
1
1
1
1
5
3
i
2
7
3
1
2
1
""2
■ 2
3
2
2
3
2
2
1
4
14
63
2 ....
7 1
1
1
"i
"i'
... ^.
""2
1
4
1
""2
1
1
Kent Ont
1
3
« 1
1
5
1
""i
'" i
1
2
1
Leeds and Grenville. Ont
2
i
Middlesex Ont
15 6
1
Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. . ,
Nipissing, Ont
Norfolk Ont
3
1
2
1
2
Peel Ont .
2
Perth Ont
4 i 1
4 1 2
"1
2
1
"'i'
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
Piescott and Russell, Ont
3
2
3
Stormont, D'das & Glengarry, 0. . .
Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0.
1
"'1'
......
1
""2
' i
1
4
3
2
i
3
6
3
2
6
38
"2
22
i
2
""9"
25
Wellington, Ont
""1
2
2
23
1
1
York Ont
121 53
1
255 99
150
134
10
6
49
56
11
. rt ^ 1
1
14
1
11
1
9
3
-
2
4
. 6
1
Vancouver, B.C
Victoria, B.C
6
4
1
1
5
3
6
13
5
3
6
11
"""3'
4
7
1
2
5
I
9 1 3
14 1 1
""2
Vfllp R C
1
—
Totals of British Columbia. .
33
6
27
25
2
14
s
9
—
5
1
5
4
1
1
9
1
1
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat
Assiniboia, Western, Saskat
4
3
1
4
3
1
. . . .
3
1
1
1 "'....
17 ; 8
_9
Totals of Al'ta and Saskat. .
9
9
4
3
1
1
1
1 ,
Totals of Canada
i 423
Il62
. ..i 252
221
20
11
84
88
17
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1 9 0 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
47
Tableau
I.
Outrages contre la personne.
Classe I.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitemtiaky.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
PiNITENCIEK.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Other
Two
years
ma-
Senten-
and
J<"ive
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
iive.
over.
—
—
—
De
En-
riutres
—
—
Deux
CLaq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
CeU-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
gants.
triela
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cinq.
me.
rales.
Voies de fait graves et lesions corporelles — Fin.
1
1
1
1
"1
"2
4'
2
2
'...:
1
....
" i'
... ^.
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
:;::: ..... ;:;..
1
1
"i
"4
2
. . .*^
4
a2
1
al
'■ aG
al
1
1
3
""'i'
'"'2'
3
3
1
1
"'i'
1
1
1
6
2
"i
2
2
1
1
".'..'.
1
"2
]
1
2'
1
2
1
1
2
1
al
2
0
1
1
"i
1
1
1
2
2
:::;: . .
'.'.'.'. " "
1
3
3
2
1
4
1 1
1
3
1
ai
ai
a3
al6
1
"2
"1
""2
4
2
* 3
2
2
4
30
1
2
9
58
2
11
5d
f
1 1
32 1 13 12
1
16
3
98
70
2 74
rtl
1
7
1
2
1
1
6
5
2
al
'. .'. '. .
3
1
3'
3
■;:. :::;i::::..
1
1
2
5
"'i'
3
•• -i
1 1
5 13
2
1 1 1
2
7
1
9 16
a
1
i
1
]
1
1
1
1
1-
1
1
1
... , i
•
!
. . . 1 ....
1
1
2
1
3
1 1
]
1
1
2
1 1
1
16
1
45
22
27
7
33
4
134
Ill
4
122
a Sentence suspended— Sentence suspendue.
• 48
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5. -
5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906
Table i. Offences against the person. Class i.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
AGES.
USE OF
LIQUOBS.
USAGE DE
LIQUEUHS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Un-
able to
read
or
write.
Inca-
pable
de lire
oud'e-
crire.
Ele-
men-
tary.
Ele-
men-
taire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
Under;
16 1
years.
Moins
de :
16 ans.
16 years j
and
under 21.
16 ans
et moins
de2L
21 years
and
under 40.
21 ans
et moir.s
de 40.
40 years
and over.
40 ans
et plus.
Not
given.
Non-
donne.
Mo-
de-
rate
MO;
dere,
Im-
mo-
de-
rate
CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
M.
H.
F
F
M.
H.
F.
~ 1
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F
F
Im-
mo-
dere
Aggravated assault and inflicting bodily harm — Concluded.
1
1
"Rrant Ont
, , .
Carleton, Ont
Elgin Ont
2
4
2
4
2
2
6
2
1
1
1
(xrpv Ont
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
4
2
1
Kent, Ont
1
1
4
1
Leeds et Grenville, Ont
1
3
8
....
1
"1'
2
1
2
1
1
2
4
3
1
• \
14
65
"i'
1
1
1
4
2
1
1
5
1
3
2
Middlesex, Ont.
1"
3
Muskoka et Parry Sound, Ont . .
1
1
Norfolk, Ont ,
1
"i
1
1
1
1
PppI Ont
2
2
1
"i"
3
2
Perth Ont
1
1
2
1
1
Prescott and Russell, Ont
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv Ont
t
1
2
1
2
Victoria, Ont
Waterloo, Ont
Welland Ont
"2"
2
1
2
2
Wellington, Ont
Wentworth, Ont
York Ont
"l
-
i
7
13
4
12
45
96
3
6
52
87
1
1
1
2
1
12
34
9
5
1
-
13
6
133
2
54
Manitoba, Centre
'■4'
1
7
1
i"
9
"2
4
13
19
1
10
"2
5
12
19
1
1
—
5
~
Vancouver, Col.-B
Victoria, Col.-B ...
"1
1
'3
4
12
"l"
1
1
1
1
Yale. Col.-B
1
—
1
1
1
1
5
—
Totaux de la Col. -Britann . .
2
19
1
3
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta
Allif^rts) Snrl Al'to
1
Assiniboia, Est, Saskat
"1
1
:
1
20
1
"]
1
1
158
"i'
....
4
2
"1
1
3
1
153
1
1
6
—
Totaux d' Al'ta etde Saskat
2
1
1
-
1
5
48
1
18
—
Totaux du Canada
26
203 1 3
78
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
49
Tabj
jEAU I.
Outrages contre la personne
Classe I.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Fo-
Other
Bri-
R.
Other
i
f.
Ilks Bkitanniques.
Uni-
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
u
ted
States
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
Eng-
land.
tho-
dists.
byte-
rians.
mina-
tions.
>
1
Eng-
ses-
lics.
«
land
Ire-
Scot-
sions.
Pro-
i
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
—
^
Wales
nada.
Autr's
tants
H
'C
—
—
—
Etats-
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres
Autr's
•^3
Angle
Unis.
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
a
Q x"
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
nens.
fes-
®
-> 5
et
Galles
lande.
se.
etran-
gers.
tanni-
ques.
terre.
tes.
sions.
'-S
6
|i
Voies de fait graves et les
ions corporelles — Fin.
1
1
1 1..
1
6
4
1
"i"
1
4 2
i"
"1" " '"
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
5
1
5
1
1
6 ...
'
3
1'
3
8
1
1
3 . ..
1
1
1
2
1
1
"i'
2
1
2 1
"'i'
5
7 1
2 ' 1
1
1
1
1
1
2
" i
3
"■2
3
3
1
2
3
9
36
1
1
1
1
2
....
3
2
""1"
i
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
....
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1'
2
1
1
2
2
13
64
2
1
"2
"3
10
■■■■j-
1
' 3'
3
2
2
1
1
1
3
26
2
"'ii'
i
10
""2
2
J
3
1
3
2
1
17
2
1
13 12
2
96
10
8
6
47
36
20
11
18
4
121
27
i
1
2
1
11
2 1 1
6
9
2
j
5
3
6
13
I
1
5
2
2
I
3
2
'3
1
4
9
2
1
6
1
8
9
4
1
6
6
4
5
27
1
1
1
1
1
" 1'
1
1
1
1
1
1
2 1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
17
16
2
152 1 20
23
2
11
92
45
31
15
26
11
200
44
17—4
50
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Cla.s.s I.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CI AIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
Number
of
Charges
Norabre
d 'accu-
sations.
Ac-
quit-
ted.'
Ac-
quit-
tes.
M. F
De-
tained
for
Lu-
nacy.
De-
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS .
Total.
Con- 1 Con- |
victed victed Reite-
1st. 2nd. rated.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprisoxnes .
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
Con-
dam-
Plus
de2
nes recidi-
deux
fois.
Withj
the
option
' of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
OU I'a-
m'nde
No Option.
Sans option
Un- One
der year
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
a One, both jail and .Sll — Un, la prison et $11 d 'amende.
h Both jail and S34 — Les deux, la prison et §34.
^
\.ssault and obstructing
peace
officer.
Queen's, P.E.I
6
-
ml j 5
5
2
3
Cape Breton, N.S
Cumberland N.S
34
3
1
2
27
2
.
34
3
1
2
23
2
1
1
26
3
1
2
13
2
1
1
8
33
3
1
2
12
2
1
1
1
Digby, N.S.....
Guysborough, N.S
Halifax. N.S
' "g
' 4'
"5
4
King's. N.S
Pictou, N.S
1
1
5
Queen's, N.S
Yarmouth, N S
5 j 5
3
—
Totals of Nova Scotia
76
4
72
54
U
4
55
9
Charlotte, N.B ....
2
9
2 2
"'9'
9
1
2
8
16
9
16
1
1
" i
St John, N.B
16
1
1
York, N.B
1
Totals of New Brunswck. . .
29
29
10
19
27
■ ■ !
Beaiiharnois, Que
Bedford, Que
Iberville, Que
Montreal, Que
1
1
1
136
I
45
6
1
2
194
3
5
2
1
1
2
1
4
1
3
1
4
1
1
3
3
1
2
;, '
"ii4
1
43
3
1
1
1
1
9
'"2
1
o2
"2
"22
2
- 1
'"2
■■■4
1
1
130
1
45
6
1
2
1
126
1
19
3
1
1
5
1
Ottawa, Que
St. Francis, Que
St. Hyacinthe, Que
Three Rivers, Que
1
5
1
Totals of Quebec
188
153
26
9
162
17 ,
Algoma & Manitoulin, Ont
3
5
2
1
1
2
1
4
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
5
1
2
1
1
1
3
■■■'4'
"' i
1
"62
Carleton, Ont
Essex, Ont
Grey, Ont
1
Kent, Ont
1
1
"i
1
1 1
3 ' 2
1 1
4 ' 4
Leeds and Grenville, Ont
' ' i
Lincoln, Ont
Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. . .
Nipissing, Ont
Norfolk Ont
1
1
3
3
1
2
1
1
2
3
" 2
1
1
' i
3
Northumberland & Durham, 0 . . .
.. .
3
1
2
Perth, Ont
STATISTIQUE CR IMIN ELLE— 1 905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
51
Tableau
I.
OutrageS|^ontre la personne.
Classe I.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION,
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
PiNITENCIER.
mit-
ted to
Two
Refor-
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
1
and
h'lve
D'th.
tories
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Singla
five.
over.
k
—
--
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
vie.
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
ries.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
pluj.
de Re-
teurs .
gants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage. taires.
de
forme.
libe-
•
cmq.
rales.
Voies de fait et faisant obstacle a un officier de la paix.
-1 •
1
1 5
1
4
■ 1
. . . 1
3
5
21
3
1
10
1
. . . 1
3
2
1
I 1
■'■■2-
■ '3
' "7
2
1
.... ^.
1
i
a6
1
8
13
1
1
a2
^ l"
4
1
1 3
1
1
8 1 12 2 8 ■ 21
15
1 30
I
al
4.
3'
1
7
3
1
11
1
1
1
'
1
1 7
.:.... \ 4
4
3
12
1 ■ j ...
': !
1
1
'■■57
1
1
"79'
: ■■' .■■■ ! •■•
' i
"33
-21
""1
■ ■ ■ "46'
""2
; a6, 61
1
■
a2
4
4
2
1
1
1
'
'
9 1 33
99
1
64 •!«
2 84
!.. i ..__. :
1
1
1
1
2
2
^
' 1
1
. '
' i
""/"al
"i'
1
1
3
!
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
3
3
2
1
2
1
i
1
.:::.■ ;: : :
...
a Sentence suspiended— Sentence suspendue. b Bound to keep the peace — Tenus de garder la paix.
17—41
02
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Class i.
EDUCATIONAL
USE OF
STATUS.
LIQUORS.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
—
AGES.
—
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DE
IN WHICH
-
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
Un-
Under
16 years
21 yeai's
able to
16
and
and
40 years
Not
MITTED.
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over.
given.
Im-
or
men-
Supe-
—
—
—
—
—
Mo-
mo-
—
write.
tary.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
Non-
de-
de-
de
et moins
et moins
et plus.
donne.
rate
rate
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Inca-
Ele-
Supe-
16 ans.
de21.
de40.
—
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
'
pable
men-
rieure
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F
Mo-
Im-
A ETE COMMISE.
de lire
iiaire.
dere
mo-
•
OU d'e-
dere
crire.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F
Assault and obstructing peace offioer.
Queen '.s, I. du P.-E
5
4
1.)
3
1
1
f)
—
2
...
20
1
9
Cap-Breton, N.-E
Cumberland N E
3
1
10
2
4
Digby N -E
1
2
1
Guy?borough, N -E
20
2
1
■■"4
Halifax. N.-E
2
16
1
1
"4'
35
2
4
2i 1
King's, N -B.
1
?
Pictou, N.-E.
3
"i'
5
24
2
9
2
i
2
1
....
31
Queen's, N.-E
Yarmouth, N.-E
'"'l'
3
5
Totaux de la N.-Ecosse . .
7
39
15
Charlotte N.-B
::
St.-Jfan. N.-B
1
13
1
5
1
8
7 7
1
1
York, Ont
1
14
—
1
6
8
1
—
1
14
7 8
—
1
1
1
1 ...
Bedford, Que
Iberville, Que
1
• ••
1
1
3
Montreal, Que
4
122
1
3
12
90
5
17
1
17
110
Quebec, Que . .
45
2
1
St. FranQois, Qvie
1
3
4
1
3
2
2
97
2
3
—
12
5
18
1
I'll
52
2
4
1
19
1
1
2
Totaux de Quebec
7
127
1
IK)
Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont. . . .
Brant, Ont
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
....
Es.sex, Ont
Grey, Ont
1
1
1
1
2
"l'
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
"i'
1
2
1
2
1
3
9.
Middlesex, Ont
4
1
1
4
:■■••
1
Norfolk, Ont.
3
3
1
1
2
"3'
3
3
1
Ontario, Ont
1
Perth Ont
"■
•^
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
53
Tableau i.
Outrages contre la personne.
Class i.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
X
o
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
rS
;-*
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
Eng-
land.
i' ho-
dists.
byte-
rians.
• • Q
f>
Eng-
ses-
lics.
tions.
1
Q
lar.d
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
a
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
• —
%'
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H
■E
_
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
'S
« .
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
^
Q^
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
-^2
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
•j3
^?.
Gallea
gers.
ques.
O
P5
Voles de fait et ferisant obstacle a un officier de la paix.
5
5
1
. , . .
12
1
7
1
1
1
3
. . 1-^
3
1 1
3
"1
5.
1
9
2
1
■■■5"
2
4
1
is 5
2
1
"2
.... 19
9.
3
I
1
4
1
5
5
1
32
1
2
5
6
23 7
2
3
.5
.43 3
'14
1
■ 4
'5
"""i
"2 2
14'
1
1
■ 1
15
4
5 1
3 2
1.5
"■3'
1
1
■ '23
2
1
1
!
1
■3"
1
.30'
1
6
. ....
'"2
■ '3'
"93 "3
'■'i"
122 ' " ' 5 '
23
2
1
2
45 1
2
4
2
2| ...
G
3
3
139
.5
3
122 3
.. . 1 33
169 11
.... s
3
• • •!
1
1
.... 1
,
2
' 2"
1
2
2
■;■:..
"2
"i"
""2
9
...
1
1
3
" ' 2
1
4
"3
3
1
2 ! . . . .
1
1 1
"3
1 ......
...
1
1
4
. . : . . . . 1
1
3
Pi 1
3
3 . . .
1
1
!' " " •
i
54
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Class i.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES Ot L'OFFENSE
A ETJfc COMMISE.
Number
of
Charges
Ar
De-
tained
for
Lu-
nacy.
quit-
ted.
Nombre
d'accu-
sations.
Ac-
quit-
tes.
De-
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F.
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Con- Con-
victed victed Reite-
Ist. ! 2nd. 1 rated,
Total.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
EMPRISONNiS.
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Con- Plus
dam- j de 2
nes
deux
fois.
No Option.
Sans OPTION
Sur
option
entre '
recidi- la pri-
son
ou I'a-
me'de
Un-
der
one
year. over.
One
year
and
Moins
d'un
an.
Un
an et
plus.
Assault and obstructing
peace
ofBcer-
— Concluded.
Renfrew, Ont
Simcoe, Out
Stormont, D'das & Glengary, 0. . .
Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. . .
1
5
1
9
2
11
49
1 1
1
5
1
7
/
5
1
9
'" 2
5
1
6
2
2
2
1
10
Well and Ont
9
5
38
8
5
38
1
5
4
30
3
1
5
Wentworth, Ont
Vnrk Ont
i
1
123
15
107
95
10
2
79
19
1
4
28
3
35
9
1
4
1
1
2
1
4
7
3
26
2
3
23
2
2
20
2
"■3'
Manitoba, Eastei-n
3
-
Totals of Manitoba
31
28
3
24
3
Vancouver, B.C
2
1
1
1
2
1
""l
''..'
1
2
1
1
1
3
Yale, B.C
—
Totals of British Columbia .
15
15
5
4 1
1
1
5
5
3
5
3
5
3
5
2
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
—
Assinihoia, Eastern, Saskat
10
19
5
5
3
1
5
16
4
5
14
1
'"'2'
3
3
11
3
1
2
Totals of Saskatcliewan
34
1
9
25
20
5
17
6
Yukon
1
1
1
Totals of Canada
521
47
1 1
471
378
77
16
379
57
1
Assault and battery.
*
Queen's, P.E.I
8
,
8
8
8
1
Cape Breton, N. S
23
4
3
1
1
83
6
5
7
20
3
2
3
i'
1
1
6
5
4
5
""1
1
" 1
1
. . y. . .
Cumberland, N.S
Digby, N.S »
1
1
1
10
5
4
5
' i'
6
5
""i " 3
Halifax, N.S
Pictou N S
60
1
1
2
13
".'.'.'.' .'.'.'.'..
4
1
Yarmouth, N.S
11
4
Totals of Nova Scotia
133
89
27
23
1 ■ 3
8
16
a One, both jail and S97 or 6 other months— Un, la prison et S97 d'amende ou 6 autres mois.
STATISTIQUE C RIM lis' ELLE— 1 905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
55
Tableau
1.
Outrages centre 1
\ personne.
Classe I.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Pknitentiart.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Other
Two
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mesti"
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
vo/es
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
5ants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage. .
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cinq
me.
rales.
Voies de fait et faisant obstacle a
un officier de la paix
—Fin.
1
al
1
(
1
al
....
5
1
4
al
"i
1
2
1
1
1
3
36
2
4
10
5
1
aS
1
27
1
7
3
6
9
1
57
30
46
al
a2, 61
6
"i'
"■'e'
"ii'
6
18
6
4
6
1
6
11
18
1
:::::;
1
1
■
2
1
9
bl
1
a2
2
1
2
1
2
2
. i . .
i 1
2
1
... 1 1 32
5
66 3
49
2
165 109
3
195
Agression avec voies de fait.
1
1
2
1
4
2
6
1
i
1
1
1
a3
2
7
4
4
3
3
2'
0
1
'
1
3 1 1 i
2
\ ..
19
8
1 16
a Sentence suspended— Sentence suspendue. b Bound to keep the peace — Tenus de garder to paix.
56
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i. Offences against the person. Class i.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
AGES.
USE OP
LIQUORS.
USAGE DB
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Un-
Eibleto
read
or
write.
Inca-
pable
de lire
oud'e-
crire.
Ele-
men-
tary.
Ele-
men-
taire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16 pns
16 years
and
iinder 21.
16 ans
et moins
de21.
21 years
and
ander 40.
21 ans
et moins
de40.
40 years
md over.
40 ans
et plus.
Not
given.
Non-
donne
M. F
H. F
Mo-
de-
rate
Mo-
"dere
Im-
mo-
de-
rate
CIAIRES Otr L' OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE
M. F
H. F
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
Im-
mo-
dere
Assault and obstructing peace officer— Concluded.
Renfrew, Ont j
1
1
•1 ^
5 .
Storm't, D'das etGlengarry,0 . . 1
' "5
1 .
4 .
5
.1 3
2
Welland Ont
7
5
37
6
1
27
54
1
1
3
6
16
2 .
. 3
. 1
. 28
. 46
4
4
Vork Ont
1
3
27 .
3 .
1 .
2 .
6 .
2 .
y
Totaux d 'Ontario
2
75
1
32
, . , p,
3
21
23
1
. 22
.| 22
!
2
Manitoba, Quest
23
1
Totaux de Maritcba
3
21
2
Vancouver, Col.-B !
Victoria, Col.-B
Westminster, Col.-B
1
1
1
1
1 .
3 .
5 .
3 .
4
14
4 .
1
•i 1
Totaux de laCol.-Britann. .
2
1
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta
1
■■
"i'
1 ....
Assiniboia, Est, Saskat
Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat
Saskatchewan, Saskat
""l"
■■■■4
1 ....
2 ....
5 126
1
Totaux de Saskatchewan. .
1 1
4
i 1
in:-
1
22
1
1.57
1
1
Yukon
! 1
. 24
220
9
50
3
Totaux du Canada
21
1 287'
2
3
180
Assault and battery.
OnppTi's T dii P -Fi
8
j
6
— -
2
. 3
5
-!
Oar, "Rr-ofrm T^ -T?.
Colchester, N.-E
i
" i
'"8
4
3
5
1
1
Dio-hv N -V.
1
1
1
1
. 1
; ' 6
. 2
. 3
. 3
. 15
■
Halifax, N.-E
Pictou N -E
1
r "1
. 2
5
4
4
1
1
1
"'i'
j....
1 3
2
Queen's, N.-E
Yarmouth N.-E
1
1
1
.; 2 !
.1 1
2
1
Totaux de la N. -Ecosse . . .
3
21
.... i 2I
.1 3
1 15
1
2
1....
4
9
STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELL E— 1 905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableau i.
Outrages centre la personne.
Classe I.
BIRTH PLACES.
—
• RELIGIONS.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
British Isles.
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
V.
Iles Bkitanniqdes.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch.of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
'u
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
ses-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
lics.
Eng-
land.
tho-
dists
byte-
rians.
^
Eng-
tions.
Q
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
a
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
^
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
fi
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap,
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
'V
-S
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
fl
Q 2
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
ce
r-> eS
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions .
S 3
GaUes
gers.
ques.
S
Pi
Voies de fait et faisant obstacle a un officier de la paix — Fin.
1
1
1 I
. . . .
5
3
2
9
'i
"
1
1
3
2
""2
""2
26
2
2
1
3
2
2
6
1
7 1
2
3
14
"'6'
5
4
3
10
38
6
5
4
60
2
5
1
28
18
n
14 8
1
71 10
2
8
5
1
7
...^.
"i '.'.'. ".
1
1
I
8
2
3
1
9
19 : 6
1
8
-2
3
10
5
1
9
7
4
4
2
19 ; 7
.....
.... 1
,
1
1
1
1
1 i ■ "
. .
■ <i ■ ■
1 1
1
1
1
2
',
1
1
1
1
^
1
1
. 1... .
.... 1
1
1
2
2
■•■• j
•••■1
2
2
1
1
]
1
25
10 1 12
265
8
15 1 5
12 193
36 20
25
49
3
329
31
Agression avec voies de fait.
8
6
2
5
0
5
1 1 1
1
i
1
... . ' 1
■ •■• 1 •••
1
1
1
i 8
1
4
1
2
8 " 1'
4 ...
2
3
1
4 1
4
1 3
1
. ... 3 .. . .
1
1
5
2
! 21 1
7
7
6
1
2 1 18 1 6
58
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Class i.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A et:^ commise.
•
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
m.
F
convictions,
condamnations.
Total.
Con-
victed
1st.
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
Con-
victed
2nd.
Con-
daui-
nes
deux
fois.
Reite-
rated.
Plus
de2
recidi-
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprisonxes.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
OU I'a-
m'nde
No Option.
Sans option.
Un-
One
der
one
year
and
year.
over
Moins
Un
d'un
an et
an.
plus.
Assault anc
battery-
-Continued.
1
2
1
1
"i'
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
1
Kirg's N B
Madawaska, N.B
"'i'
-
Totals of New Brunswick.. .
5
2
' 1
'3'
12
"1'
1
3
3
2
1
3
3
1
3
82
8
1
1
3
4
14
2
1
2
3
2
1
"'68'
8
3
2
1
"68
.5
"'2'
2
Bedford, (^ue
m2
Montmagny, Que
3
' 47
20
8
Ottawa, Que
Pontiac, Que
3
11'
2
1
2
2
"10
2
1
1
' " 1
" 'i
" i
2
" li
4
3
St. Francis, Que
St. Hyacinthe, Que
TerrelDonne, Que
2
'"'2'
—
128
25
2
101
94
6
1
C2
34
Algoma and Manitoulin, Ont
3
2
3
11
1
1
2
3
7
4
8
12
2
2
17
5
4
3
10
1
4
3
1
1
10
5
5
7
3
2
3
7
1
1
2
3
1
1
3
12
2
2
8
3
4
3
4
1
4
' "1'
1
7
2
3
3
3
■3'
6
1
1
2
3
1
1
12
2
' 7
3
3
3
4
1
4
1
1
5
2
3
3
3
""2
5
1
2
4
Elgin, Ont
Essex Ont
1
1
Grev Ont
1
1
'"2
12
1
1
3
k 3
1
1
1
1
1
Hallon, Ont
Hastings, Ont
"5'
3
3
:;
fl
Kent, Ont
"'•2 . ....
Lennox and Addington, Ont
1
1
5
3
1
2
Nipissing, Ont
Norfolk, Ont
Northumberland & Durham, 0
Ontario, Ont
9
2
"e'
Oxford Ont
4
Perth Ont
.... ,
4
' i
1
4
Prescott & Russell, Ont
2
i'
3
2
4
1
m2
Simcoe, Ont
Stormont, D'das & Glengarry, 0. . .
Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0.. . .
Victoria, Ont
2 . 2
1
1
2
2
1... .
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
59
TiBLEAU
I.
Outrages contre la
personne.
Cl.\sse I.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Pen'itentiaky.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Other
Two
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un- veans
cul-
mer-
Do-
dns-
fes-
La-
Mar- Wi-
der and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried. dowed
Single
five. over.
— —
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
Deux Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans ans
A vie
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns plus.
de
teurs.
9ants.
trielg.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cmq
me.
rales.
Agression avec voies de fait—
Suite.
1
1
1
'
1
' "i'
1
'
2
1
2
1
61
1
1
1 ' 1
"19 ■ '31'
4 6
" 1
1
1
10
al
ai
ai'
' "6
2
i
"ie
1
1' ■ ' 2'
' i
4
2
' "i'
2
3 6
1 ... .
1 1
5
1
oi'
1
2
*' " "
5
10
13
11 1 , 32 49
1
28
3 *>
1
a2
al
a2
2
1
2
1
6
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
al
ai'
1
""2
1
1
3
1 ,
. . . -
1
12
'■"3
6
'
6
- 1
1
1
1
,
2
1
6
1
1
1
3
1
1
7 1 •->
1 '.".
3....
1 ' 1
1
1
3
al
al'
1
1
1
1
al
al
2
3 3
3i 1
1
1
2
1
ai
2
1
2
a Sentence suspended— Sentence .suspendue. h Bound to keep the peace— Tenus de garder la paix.
60
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Clas.s I.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
AGES.
USB OF
LIQUORS.
USAGE DE
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM
MITTED.
DISTRICTS .. JUDI-
Un-
able to
read
or
write.
Inca-
pable
de lire
ou d'e-
crire.
Ele-
men-
tary.
Ele-
men-
taire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16 ans.
16 years
and
under 21.
16 ans
et moins
de21.
21 years
and
under 40.
21 ans
et moins
de40.
40 years
and over.
40 ans
et plus.
Not
given.
Non-
donne.
Mo-
de-
rate
Mo-
dere
Im-
mo-
de-
rate
CI AIRES OU LOFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
M.
H.
F
F
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F
F
Im-
mo-
dere
Assault and battery-
- Continued.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
King's X -B.
1
1
1
—
--
1
2
1
.S
1
1
"2'
2
1
"i'
1
-
Arthabaska, Que. .
2
2
1
">
Joliette, Que
Montreal, Que
Ottawa, Que
5
5
43
2
3
4
1
....
31
4
4
1
5
1
1
16
1
4
26
22
7
Quebec, Que . .
"3
1
2
3
St. Frangois, Que.
2
9
1
1
2
8
3
6
1
1
5
-
1
7
1
....
1
2
.50
3
?.
5
11
1
18
5
40
12
66
4
38
Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont
2
2
7
1
1
1
3
3-
2
1
3
9,
1
2
4
1
I
1
4
1
1
"2
2
Elgin, Ont
3
1
"1
rirfiv Ont
1
1
Hastings, Ont
1
1
3'
12
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
Kent, Ont
Lambton, Ont
Lennox et Addington, Ont
3
12
1
2
7
1
4
1
4
1
1
"1
3
1
7
2
1
1
2
6
1
Nipissing, Ont ,
i
i'
2
1
1
Northumberl'd et Durham, O. . .
Ontario, Ont
Oxford, Ont
' "i'
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
I
4
1
1
1
1
2
4
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
2
3
2
1
1
1
2
3
4
Storm't, D'das et Gleng'ry, O . . .
Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv., Ont. .
Victoria, Ont
1
2
1
1
STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE— 1 90 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
61
Tableau i.
Outrages
contre la persoune
Classk i.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE
— .
RELIGIONS.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
British Isles, i
Other
Other
[
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
<D
t5
Ilks Britanniqdes.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
.ra
b
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
Eng-
land.
tho-
byte-
rians,
>
OQ
Eng-
ses-
lics.
dists
tions.
1
a
land
Ire- Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
1
and
land, land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
—
^
Wales
nada.
.
Autr's
tants
H
u
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
m .
Angle
Etats-
tre&
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An
tho-
byte-
con-
^3
terre
Ir- Ecos-
Unis.
pays
etran-
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
nens.
fes-
?
c3 t;
et
lande. se.
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
P ^
Galles
[
gers.
ques.
O
w
Agression avec voies de i&xx,- Suite.
1
1
1
1
' " '■ ' ' 1 1
1
:;::': :::::
1
.....
1
1
1
'
1
3
.. ... 1 1
1
3
r ' ■
, 1
2
2
1
.37'
7
1 ' 2
'"2
"i'
1
1
; 1
2
1
"46'
7
3
1
'
i
6
'44'
7
I
1
13
4
....
3
3
3
11
1
1
2
1
9
2
2
1
9
1
1
2
\
1
2
■ 1 j 1 }
67
13
.. . 67
2
3 4
6
57
21
3
3
1
2
2
3
3
1
1
1
3
2
3
1
1
2
i
... .1
3
7
1 ! 2
1
2
2
i
1
1 ; 1
i
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
,
■3
11
1
2
3
1
4
1
4
1
2
1
'
i
3
12
1
1
4
5
1
3
1
1
1,
2
1
::::: 4"
4
3
5
1
4
1
3
1
3
' i'
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
...
"1
• •"■' ••• 1
""1'
' 1
5
2
, • ■•
2
2
2
1
2
5
i
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
. .
2
3
62
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Class i.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OIJ L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
.tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con-
victed
1st.
Con-
victed
2nd.
Con-
dam -
Reite
rated,
Plus
de2
Con
dam
nes ] nes recidi
une deux ; ves,
fois. fois,
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprisonnes.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou I'a-
m'nde
No Option.
Sans option.
Un- One
der year
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
Refusing or neglecting to support family.
Assault and
battery—
Cmicluded.
Waterloo, Ont..
1
5
4
23
57
1
5
2
16
52
1
5
2
16
50
3
2
15
44
1 i
Welland, Ont
1
Wellington, Ont
2
6
5
1
4
1
York, Ont
2 ....
( ...
227
57
3
163
151
9
3
109
40
3
13
8
1
1
4
2
12
4
2
12
4
]
5
4
1 i
6
Manitolja, Western
—
24
1
23
11
32
16
6
1
16
3
12
1
18
18
IC
7
—
Cariboo, B.C ....
Vancouver, B.C
7
8
20
15
7
7
17
14
1
3
1
2
5
16
9
5
Victoria, B.C
3
Westminster, B.C
3
Yale, B.C
6
Totals of British Columbia. .
83
33
1
1
i
1
50
45
5 . . .
32
17
Alberta, Northern, Al'ta
25
18
21
13
3
5
3
5
1
1
2
4
'
Totals of Al'ta
43
34
8
8
2
6
Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat. .
Assiniboia, Western, Saskat
34
18
31
25
13
23
9
4
7
9
4
7
1
8
4
6
Totals of Saskat
83
61
2
20
20
1
18
Yukon . . . . ...
6
.T
1
1
1
24
Totals of Canada
740 312
5
399
371 1 21 1 7
226
148 1
Cape Breton, N.S
Cumberland, N.S
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
Halifax, N.S
6
1
3
1
Lunenburg, N.S.
!
Westaioreland, N. B
1
... . 1
1 '
Montreal, Que
2
m
' i'
4
"'5'
3
'■"5'
1 ...
■■3
a4
St. Francis, Que
St. H j'acinthe, Que
""2 '.'.'.'.'.'.
1
Totals of Quebec
12
1
9
8
1
3
6 1
a One, both jail and S25 — Un, la prison et
h 1, Nolle prosequi.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
63
Tableau i.
Outrages contre la personne.
Classe I.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
PilNITENCIEK.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
•
years
ma-
Senten-
and
i<'ive
D'th.
tories
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
vears
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort.
voyes
Senten-
ans
aris
A vie
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
CeU-
et
'it
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
gants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cinq.
me.
rales.
Agress
ion ave
c voies de fait — Fin.
!
2
1
1
i'
1
5
18
"i
1
al
1
2
2
1
3
1
4
11
40
11
al
28
14
8
11
16
1
1(>1
60
1
81
1
]
2
1
3
al
3
3
3
1
3
1
2
2
1
6
4
6
1
1
3
11
1
2
1
3
6
""i"
1
3
5
3
4
1
1
7
al
3
1
15
12
'
[
1
16
12
1
12
7
1
35
1
1
1
1
1
' '1
2
2
'.'.'. ...\ al
""l
" ' 1
■"l"
1
1
1
1
25
27
4.5
9.
41
R
175
134
4.
174
Refus oi
1 negligenc<
3 de po
iirvoir aux besoins de la faniille.
1'
1
al
1
%
....
1
1
4
■■"5
4
'" "5*
1
1
....
9
9
a Sentence suspended — Sentence .suspendue.
64
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the
person.
Class
I.
EDUCATIONAL
USE OF
STATUS.
LIQU0B8.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
—
AGES.
—
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DB
IN WHICH
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
Un-
Under
16 years
21 years
able to
16
and
and
40 years
Not
MITTED.
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over.
given.
im-
or
men-
Supe-
—
—
—
—
—
Mo-
mo-
—
write.
tary.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
Non-
de-
de-
de
et moins
et moins
et plus.
donne.
rate
rate
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Inca-
Ele-
Supe-
16 ans.
de2L
de40.
-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
pable
men-
rieure
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F
Mc^
Im-
A ETE COMMISE.
de lire
ou d'e-
taire.
—
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
dere
mo-
dere
cnre.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F
Assault and battery-
-Concluded .
1
4
2
14
44
1
1
1
12
28
86
"3'
1
"3'
26
i
1
2
2
12
41
101
Welland, Ont
9
W^ellington, Ont
Wentworth, Ont
2
1
4
15
28
"e'
21
1
6
3
10
1
4
York, Ont
1
1
-
5
Totaux d'Ontario
9
131
2
41
...
Manitoba, Centre.
1
1
-
1
5
6
ISIanitoba, Est . .
1
G
1
7
1
—
1
Totaux de Manitoba
1
G
1
Caribou, Col. -B
"l'
4
7
18
11
Vancouver, Col. -B
3
6
15
10
34
1
1
7
2
1
■3
15
12
30
1
1
4
Westminster, Col. -B
2
1
-
1
1
2
5
Yale, Col.-B
....
3
6
-
Totaux de la Col.-Britann . .
3
40
1
9
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta ...
::::::
1
1
1
1
2
2
4
6
9
4
6
19
1
Alberta, Sud, Al'ta
1
-
Totaux d'Alberta ... .
2
1
—
•■Vssiniboia, Est, Sask
1
Saskatchewan, Sask
1
1
"6
1
1
199
—
1
—
Yukon
Totaux du Canada
28
277
4
7
40
201
7
52
1
85
105
Refusing or neglecting to support family.
Cap-Breton, N.-E
"'i'
"i'
1
Cumberland, N.-E
1
1
Halifax, N.-E
1
Lunenburg, N.-E
—
1
—
Westmoreland, N.-B
T
1
—
Montreal, Que
1
3
2
2
4
St. Francois, Que ...
St. Hyacinthe, Que
4
1
4
6
....
1
3
5
—
—
Totaux de Quebec
5
4
9
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
65
Tableaux
I.
Outrages
c'ontre la personne.
Cla
ss r.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Fo-
Other
Bri-
R.
Other
i
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
.'-
'u
Uni-
ted
Pos-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
Eng-
land.
tho-
byte-
rians.
>
Eng-
tries.
ses-
lics.
dists
tions.
1
Q
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
ions.
Pro-
fl
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
—
iS
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H
_
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
'V
-4-3
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
cS
G^
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
eg b
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
•
terre.
tes.
sions.
■^
ii?.
GaUes
gers.
ques.
O
rt
Agression avec voies de
[ait— ^TO.
! .\
■ 1
' 1
1
1
3
2
16
46
1
2
"3"
' i
1
2
14
30
0
1
"2'
4
9
. I
1
1
2
5
6
15
45
3
3
7
17 1 3
5
2
11
S
2
103
1
17 1
3
30
20
30
9
117
25
i . i
1
4
1 ■
1
1
"3'
4
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
3
1
2i
7
4
2 1
2
7
4
1
"6
7
16
12
1
2
2
4
8
3
3
3
7
1
3
2
" 7'
" 2'
1
1
4
5
3
2
1
1
2
1
7
6
1
4
1
■
6
4
2
17
8
7
11 1 5 7
3
5
8
41
4
1
"'1'
1
! >
1
1 1
1
1
j
1
1
1
1
2
!
1
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
' I
,
■
j
I"'" ■
22
13
4
222
10
45 1 .. ..
11
142
44
29
36
18
28
246
69
Refus ou negligence de
pourvoir aux
besoins de la famllle.
"1
]
1
"i
1
1
1
.
1
...
1
4
1
4
4
5
5
9
5
1 1 1 9
9
66
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VIL, A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Class i.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folic.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con-
victed
1st.
Con
dam
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
EMPKISONN]feS.
With [ No Option.
Con- the —
victedj Reite- option! Sans option.
2nd. I rated.
Con- Plus
dam- de 2
nes ' nes recidi-
deux
fois.
une
fois.
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou I'a-
m'nde
Un- j One
der year
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. I plus.
Refusing or neglecting to support iamily— Concluded.
3
2
t)
2
1
3
2
3
1
1
2
9
1
2
3
1
1
2
20
65
"l"
"l"
■3"
3
I
1
1
3
1
5
1
1
al
3
1
2
Essex, Ont
Frontenac, Ont
61
Grev Ont
2
3
1
■■5'
1
2
3
3
1
"5'
1
2
2
1
1
1
8
6
2
.. . . ....'.
1
1
1
E.':
Kent, Ont
Lambton, Ont
Middlesex, Ont
1
2
4
Perth Ont .
i
1
al
1
I
1
8
6
" i'
1
4
Wellington, Ont
vVentworth Ont
1
12
59
York, Ont
-
13C
1
1
84
46
42
2
2
8
9
—
1
1
1
cl
dl
1 !.:;:: "::"
' !
1
1
i. 1
4
,
159
P4
60 1 54 3 3 i 13 i 17
Various oth
er offences against th
H person.
Antigonish, N.S
1
1 I 1
.... 1
—
York N.B
1
1 .. ..
1
1
—
1
Beauharnois, Que
Montreal, Que
1
10
7
1
1
1 i 1
9 5
'"'1 "1
1 1
1
1
1
7
4
.. . 7
St. Francis, Que
1
Terrebonne, Que
'
1
-
20 , 8
1 ....
12
8
4
8
2
]
Algoma and Manitoulin, Ont
1
2
1
1
2
1
i .... 1
2
1
1
2
3
2
"i
Dufferin. Ont
1
2
Elgin, Ont
"" i'
...
1
1
Middlesex, Ont
1 . ...
1 !
1
Ordered to pay — Ordonne de payer : a §4, 6 .S3, c §5, d SIO weekly— par semaine.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
67
Tablead
I.
Outrages eontre la personne.
Classe I.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Pknitentiaky.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitenciek.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
J^'ive
D'th.
tories
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
vears
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
Deux
Cinq
—
De
mort.
En-
voyes
Autres
Senten-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
ans
ar.s
A vie
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
CeH-
et et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
gants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cinq.
me.
rales.
Refus ou negligence de pourvoir aux besoins de la fajniWe- -Fin.
c3
1
9
3
1
"3
1
1
5
1
1
" 1
,
al
al
3
1
62
I
2
3
1
1
"'■5'
1
1
3
1
1
1
8
6
1
a4''::.:::
1
i.
4
al
al
a2
al
al
1
1
3
1
1
"■■■4
6
1 _^ _
i
*
al
a2
4
i
1
28
1
2
12
1 29
44
1
' 1
! ' ;' 1
1
i
1
1
....
1
29
I
3
13
1 40
55
2'
Divers autres outrages eontre la
personne.
1
J
!..___.'__.
1 . . .; , 1
1
1
1
1
!
1
1 ■ ■
1
! 1
al
3
2
4
4
5
1
1
!
1
^lli
...
1
3
1
2
1
4
5
6
al
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
"'i'
1
1
1
a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. b Cautioned — .A.vertis. c Acquitted, but children
given to Children Aid Societv— Acquittes, mais les enfants confies a la Societe de Secours.
17-51
68
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against the person.
Class i.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
AGES.
USE OF
LIQUORS.
USAGE DE
LIQUEUBS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Un-
able to
read
or
write.
Inca-
pable
de lire
oud'e-
crire.
Ele-
men-
tary.
Ele-
men-
taire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16 ?ns.
16 years
and
under 21.
16 ans
et moins
de21.
21 yearl
and
under 40.
21 ans
et moins
de40.
40 years
and over.
40 ans
et plus.
Not
given.
Non-
donne.
Mo-
de-
rate
Mo-
dere
Im-
mo-
de-
rate
CIAIRES OU L' OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE
M.
H.
F
F
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F
F
Im-
mo-
dere
Refusing or neglecting to support family — Concluded.
Brani Ont
3
1
5
1
1
1
2
1
2
3
Bruce. Ont
1
1
4
1
1
fi
Essex, Ont
1
Frontenac, Out
1
Grey, Ont
Haldimand, Ont
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
Hastings, Ont
3
1
Kftnt, Ont
Lambton, Ont
i
Middlesex, Ont
4
1
1
3
1
1
1
8
G
3
1
1
2
2
2
1
' 2
"i
1
1
2
13
,S
Perth, Ont
Peterborough, Ont
1
1
Simcoe, Ont
1
1
1
1
Waterloo. Ont
1
Welhngton, Ont
Wentworth, Ont
1
2
3
18
1
1
6
3
27
7
York. Ont
4
—
1
-^
Totaux d 'Ontario
2
43
32
Vancouver, Col.-B
X
1
1
Westminster, Col.-B
1
-
—
—
15
Totaux du Canada
8
51
33
1
25
1
44
Various other offences against the person.
Antigonish, N. -E
1
1
1
—
York, N.-B
1
—
1
1
1
1
—
1
4
Beauharnois, Que
Montreal, Que ' 3
1 . .
6
1
7
5
Quebec, Que j
St. Frau9ois, Que
Terrebonne, Que ....
1 . . . .
1
2
1
1
—
1
1
8
—
6
Totaux de Quebec 3
8 . . .. .
5
—
Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont. ... ... .
Carleton, Ont
1 ...
2 .
1
2
1
1
1
1
Dufferin, Ont !
1
Elgin, Ont i. ' . . .
Huron, Ont
i
1
1
1
Middlesex. Ont i ....
1
1
STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE— 1 905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
69
Tableau i.
Outrages centre la personne.
Classe I.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
S
-8
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
'f-i
•c
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
ses-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
lics.
Eng-
land.
tho-
dists.
byte-
rians.
mina-
tions.
>-
Eng-
1
«
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
c
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
—
■&
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H
'C
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres
Autr's
t;
05 .
Angle
Etats
tres
sions
tistes .
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
c3
Q^
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
at
liknde.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
"43
5 3
Galles
gers.
que.
5
fS"
Diversautres outrages contre la personne.
Refus ou negligence
de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille —
Fin.
1
2
1
6
I
1
1
2
' i"
3
"i"
1
1
■ " ' ' «
. .
4
1
1
2
3
I
1
1
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
....
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
1
6
4
2
1
1
2
5
1
1
i
i
'.'.'.'.'.'.
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
8
6
"i
"i'
2
' 3
1
■■4"
1
1
2 ...
1
1
1
5 1
38
1
1.5
8
8
2
9
2
40
5
1 i ....
1
1
1
1
1 1. ...
!
:
1
1 ...
50
1
26
10
8
2
9
3 .o4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
"3
1
8
"' i
1
6
'" "3
1
1
8
3
10
1
7
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
' 1'
1
1
TO
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against property with violence.
Class ii.
.JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS .JUDI-
CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE
A ET^'COMMISE.
Number
of
Charges
Ac-
quit-
ted.
De-
tained
for
Lu-
nacy.
Nombre
d'accu-
sations.
Ac-
quit-
tes.
De-
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
1
M. F.
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con- i Con-
victed victed Reite-
1st. ! 2nd. rated.
Con- Con- ! Plus
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprisonn^s.
dam-
nes
une
fois.
dam- de 2
nes recidi
deux ves.
fois.
With
the
option
! of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou I'a-
me'de
No Option.
Sans OPTION
Un- One
der I year
one and
year. I over.
Moins ' Un
d'un an et
an. '■ ; plus.
Various
other offences against the person — Concluded.
Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. . .
Northum-berland & Durham, O . . .
Oxford, Ont
2
i
2
1
3
33
13
66
"2
1
1
1
1
1
..' 1
1
Simcoe. Out
1
2
12
2
1
2
12
1
1
Wellington, Ont
'21
11
39
1
1
■■■bi::::::
W^entworth, Ont
York, Ont
2
1
Totals of Ontario
25
22
3
8 n
1
Manitoba, Central
2
2
1
1 .--
1 ]
—
Alberta, Northern, Al'ta
I
3
1
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
1
3
Saskatchewan, Saskat
o
3
1
1
1
Yukon
3
102
2
56
1
1
1
Totals of Canada
43
34
9
18 10
1
Burglary and having burglars'
tools. Class ii.
Annapolis, N. S
1
1
6
1
1
3
1
1
1
'"'2' .' ■■
Cumberland, N.S
rtl
Halifax, N.S
2
1
1
1
Totals of Nova Scotia
8 1 2
1 i 1
11 I 1
5
3
2
1
Joliette. Que
16'
1
1
2
1
"5
1
1
2
1
"4
1
Montreal, Que
Ottawa, Que
1
1
Pontiac, Que ^ . . . .
Richelieu, Que
2 ' - -
j
1
St. Hyacinthe, Que
1
1
—
Totals of Quebec
17 i 2
15
!(•
4
1
2
Algoma & Manitoulin, Ont
3
1
14
4
1
4
2
2
2
7
2
1
1
3
3
2
1
2
2
2
2
4
2
"i
1
" i
'"2
Bnxnt, Ont
1
1
2
i
" i
Elgin, Ont
7
2
1
4
2
2
2
7
2
1
1
Essex, Ont
1
Grey, Ont
Haldimand, Ont
Huron. Ont ....
Leeds and Grenville, Ont
"2'
Lincoln, Ont
....
2
1
Middlesex, Ont
3
i
Nipissing, Ont
Peel, Ont
Perth, Ont
i
a Attempted .burglary — Tentative de vol avec effraction.
STATISTIQUE CKIMIIS ELLE— 1 9 05 .
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
71
Tableau
1.
Delits avec violence contre la propriete.
ClASSE II.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitenciee.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Other
Two
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
vo/es
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
9ants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage..
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cinq
me.
rales.
Divers autres outrages contre la personne
-Fm.
1
. . . i 1
;
1
1
1
i
cl
al, 61
1
1
6
1
.... ^.
8
1
1
1
' 'fi
1
4.
1 a2
1
2
1
1
12 1
1 1
7 1
13
12
13
1
1
1
'
1
1
1
'
I
1
t . . . .
1
■ ■ ■
1
j
1 ....
1
■ '■
1
1,3 1 r, \ 9. 1 10 1 4
18
19
09
— "'
Vol a\ec effraction et ay ant en
possession des outils
de voleur.
Classe II.
1
1 j
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2 i
2
1 9
2
1
2
2
3 2
1
2
j
""2'
1
6
2 a2
::.: t
10
1
1
1
1
al
;
1
^ 1
1
I
I
7
3 3
3
6 1
13
a2
1
1
1
3
1
a4, 62
1
1 1
6
::::: i
2
]
1
2
2
a2
2
"'i'
1
4
2
2
1
4
2
2
1 ... .
1
1
1"
1
2
4
a2
2
6
2
1
1
1
1 . .
1
a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. 6 Bound to keep the peace — Tenus de garder la paix.
c To leave town — A laisstr la ville.
T2
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against property with violence.
Class il
EDUCATIONAL
USE OF
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
STATUS.
AGES.
LIQUORS.
IN WHICH
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DB
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
Un-
Under
16 years
21 years
able to
16
and
and
40 years
Not
MITTED.
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over.
given.
Im-
or
men-
Supe-
—
—
—
—
—
Mo-
mo-
—
write.
ta y.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
Non
de-
de-
de
et moins
et moins
et plus.
donne.
rate
rate
DISTRICrS JUDI-
Inca-
Ele-
Supe-
16 ans.
de21.
de40.
—
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
pable
men-
rieure
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
t<\
M.
F.
M.
F
Mo-
Im-
A ETE COMMISE.
dt lire
oud'e-
t.iire.
—
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
dere
mo-
dere
crire.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F
Various other
offences against the person
— Concluded.
Muskoka et Parry Sound, Ont . .
Northumberl'd et Durham, 0. .
1
1
1
1
i
1
12
2
1
' l'
1
1
5
1
1
Oxford, Ont
1
1
11
"i
2
5
1
14
1
Wellington, Ont
1
Wentworth, Ont
7
York, Ont
-
1
2
1
17
1
1
Totaux d'Ontario
2 22
1
n
Manitoba, Centre .
1
1
1
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta
—
1
—
Yukon
1
-
...|....
1
29
1
8
^2
-
1
23
Totaux du Canada
5 1 34
2
3
18
Burg
ary and having burg]
ars' tools.
Class
n.
Annapolis, N.-E
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
3
Cumberland, N.-E
1
Hahfax, N.-E
2
3
?.
—
1
—
Totaux de la N.-Ecosse . . .
5
. . .
9.
—
Joliette, Que
Montreal, Que
10
1
3
3
1
4
5
"i"
5
Ottawa, Que
i
2
1
Pontiac, Que
1
1
Richelieu, Que
St. Hyacinthe, Que
9,
1
Totaux de Quebec
3
11
4
^
4
5
2
1
—
6
1
8
Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont. . . .
Brant, Ont . .
3
1
9,
Elgin, Ont
7
2
1
4
2
1
2
7
2
1
1
6
6
1
Essex, Ont
2
9,
Grey, Ont
1
"2"
1
Haldimand, Ont .
3
4
Huron, Ont
'"'i'
1
1
Leeds et Grenville, Ont
2
1
7
1
9,
Lincoln, Ont
1
I
1
1
1
1
Middlesex, Ont
4
Nipissing, Ont
1
1
1
Peel, Ont
Perth, Ont
1
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableau i.
Delits avec violence contre la propriete.
Classb ii.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Fo-
Other
Bri-
R.
Other
<B
OQ
Iles Britanniqces.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch.of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
.ra
'u
Uni-
Coun-
Pos-
Bap-
tho-
Eng-
tho-
byte-
mina-
>
Eng-
ted
tries.
ses-
tists.
lics.
land.
dists
rians,
tions.
1
9
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
a
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
—
S
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H
*Sh
—
—
—
,
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
-C
"S
Angle
Etats-
tre&
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An
tho-
byte-
con-
c3
Q^
terra
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
?
c8 >-
et •
lande.
se.
stran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
!i 3
Galles
gers.
ques.
o
fS '
Divers autres outrages contre la
person ne—Z'm.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
1
" i"
4
1
5
2
1
1
1
12
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
20
2
1
7
9
4
3
1
1
21
4
1
1
1
1
2
i
'
1
1
1
2 1 1 i ,.
32 i 2
4
19
11
5
'3
2
1
30
11
Vol
avec effraction et ayant en
possession des outils
de voleur.
Classe II.
1
1 . ...
3 j
1
"1
1
"i'
3
1
1
1
2
5 ....
2
J.^11
1
4
1
1
1
2
... ^
""i
1
5
1
1
2
3
2
1
10
1
' i
2
1
11^ l| l|
.... 1 9
3
0
1
13
1
3
2
1
2
1
"1
6
2
1
4
2
2
" 1
2
"2
2
1
1
1
"1
""i
2
4
1
7
2
"2
2
2
2
5
2
1
■■■■3
1
'2
2
7
1
1
2
1
4
2
1
i
1
1
74
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against property with violence.
Cl.\ss II.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
' quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con-
victed
1st.
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
Con-
victed
2nd.
Con-
dam-
Reite-
rated.
Plus
•de 2
nes jrecidi-
deux ves.
fois.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprisonn^s .
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
OU I'a-
m'nde
No Option.
Sans option
Un- i One
der year
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
Burglary and having burglars' tools — Concluded.
Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. . . .
Victoria, Ont
3
2
1
3
2
1
28
3
2
1
18
3
....^.
1
Welland, Ont
1 1
... 10
York, Ont
29 \ 1
4
-
Totals of Ontario
79 11
2 1 2
3 .
68
52
4
12 1 .... i 19
8
Manitoba, Central and Western . . .
Victoria, B.C
3
1
2
1
1
1
Yale, B.C
1
—
Alberta, Northern, Al'ta
4 1
3
1
1
1
1
8
8
Totals of Canada
122
26
9.5
rt9
10
16
23
8
House and shopbreaking.
Queen's, P.E.I
"
5
-
1 2
2
2
Cape Breton, N.S
Halifax. N.S
13
4
3
6
6
1
11
2
1
4
1
2
2
2
2
5
1
2
2
'2
1
" i
1
Hants, N.S
King's, N.S
Pictou, N.S
2
5
1
1
Yarmouth, N.S
—
Totals of Nova Scotia
33
2
1
2
1
2
19
1
14
12
2
3
1
Albert, N.B
1
1
" 1
2
1
■■■'2
1
Charlotte, N. B
1
' i
1
Kirg's. N.B
St. John, N.B
2
""2
Westmoreland. N. B
Totals of New Bruns%vick.
8
iT
2
al73
3
21
2
3
.5
3
2
2
Bedford, Que ....
(iaspe, Que
Montreal, Que
11
2
5
2
82
1
4
2
1
1
75
'" i
11
3
2
161
35
'■"5'
1
44
"io"
2
5
Richelieu, Que
-
19
2
St. Francis, Que
Three Rivers, Que
Totals of Quebec
212
16
195
94
45
56
2
78
5
Brant, Ont.
4
29
1
3
6
1
23
1
1
16
1
■ "4
Carleton, Ont
3
....
4
Essex, Ont
a One, left the country — Un a laisse le pays.
STATISTIQUE CR IMINELLE— 1 905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
75
Tableau
I.
Delits avec violence contre la propriete.
Cr.ASSE II.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
OCCUPATIONS.
CONDITION,
Penitentiaet.
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two;
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
CeU-
et
et
vie.
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
ries.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
pluo.
deRe-
teurs .
gants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
cinq.
forme.
libe-
rales.
Vol avec effraction et ayant en possession des outils de
voleur — Fin.
2
1
. .V
3
1
2
2
2
1
23
l'
1
4
8
1
ai
1 2
2
27
8
15 '
?i 1 H
4
2
8
42
4
1
63
.. i ....
;
2
"'i'
3
1
3
1
2
!■■••
'
J 1
20
20 8 T^ 4 1 2 1 3 13
55
7
2
82
Bris de maison et de magasin.
1
1
2
1 '
2
1
1
.... 1 .... 1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
' "1"
1
2
" 1
1
1
1
1
4
1
2
a2
4
1
1
6
2
2
4
7 i 2
! 11
al
al
! •■•■■
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
2
1
0
1
'
1
2
' 3
2 1
4
5
1
ao
1
9
2
79
11
1
2
149
22
3
.
3
a48, 63
17
5
40
1
12
. .
5
i
5
2
2
1
alO
6
12
2
14
1
35
5
4
66
23
5
40
1
104
18
177
1
aij'
" ' 2'
■ '5
1
'2'
1
2
21
1
1
suspended— Sentence suspendue. 6 Bound to good behavior — A tenir une meilleure conduite.
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against property with violence.
Class
II.
EDUCATIONAL
USE OF
STATUS.
LIQUORS.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
—
AGES.
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DE
IN WHICH
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
Un-
Under
16 years
21 years
able to
16
and
and
40 years
Not
MITTED.
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over.
given.
Im-
or
nien-
Supe-
—
—
—
—
—
Mo-
mo-
—
write.
tary.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
Non-
de-
de-
de
et moins
et moins
et plus.
donne.
rate
rate
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Inca-
Ele-
Supe-
16 ans.
de2L
de40.
—
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
pable
men-
rieure
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F
Mo-
Im-
A ETE COMMISE.
de lire
ou d'e-
taire.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
dere
mo-
dere
crire.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F
Burglary and ha
ing burglars' tools-
—Concluded.
Thunder Bay et Rainy Riv.
Victoria, Ont
0.
'"2
3.
... ^.
27
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
■"1 :::
Welland, Ont
ii
....
1
16
1
York, Ont -
1
1
-
28
48
TotaTix d'Ontario
2
64
2
10
16
37
4
■:^0
Manitoba. Centre et Ouest
....
—
1
1
2
—
Victoria, Col.-B
1
2
1
3
Yale, Col.-B ....
1
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta
3
-
—
Saskatchewan, Saskat .
—
21
47
8
5
—
57
Totaux du Canada ....
6
83
2
14
34
House and shopbreaking.
Queen's, I. du P.-E..
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
"5
—
1
1
1
2
.2
1
—
Cap-Breton, N.-E
2
1
Halifax. N.-E
2
2
1
5
1
"i'
Hants. N.-E
King's, N.-E
1
■•
"i
Pictou, N.-E
••
3
1
7
1
1
Yarmouth, N.-E
1
—
5
1
• •
10
1
Totaux de la N.-Ecosse. . . :
11
2
1
3
Albert, N.-B
1
1
"i
Charlotte, N.-B
1
King's N.-E
St. Jean, N.-B ...
1
2
5
6
1
46
ii'
2
66
1
Westmoreland N -B
2
—
9,
—
2
7
Totau.x du N. -Brunswick
2
3
3
.
"
3
1
00
—
Bedford, Que
2
1
13
'" 8
9
1
147
"ii
2
'" 1'
2
is'
4
•/
Montreal, Que
1
1
5
'5'
10
1
1
100
ii'
2
120
1
23
1
61
Richelieu, Que
St. Francois, Que
Trois- Rivieres, Que
"s'
Totaux de Quebec
24
170
1
20
1
96
75
Brant, Ont . ....
1
14
1
"1
1
16
Carleton, Ont
8
::
2
5
1
Essex, Ont
STATISTIQUE C RIMIN EL L E— 1 9 0 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableau i.
Deiits avec violence contre la propriete.
Classe II.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch.of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
3
i
Uni-
Omin
Pos-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
Eng-
land.
tho-
byte-
rians.
_y- • „
t>
Eng-
ted
tries.
ses-
lics.
dists
-
tions.
1
«
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
a
■I
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
i—
—
—
—
—
tes-
—
g
-2
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
T3
» .
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
N
Q^
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
-^f.
at
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions .
■J
2 3
GaUes
/
gers.
ques.
o
^
Vol avec effraction et ayant
en possession
des outils de
voleui
—Fin
' "2
"16
1
2
]
1
■ 2
1
1
2
2
1
"ii'
....
1
1
1
■'l !'"8"
0 3
2
- 8
28
1
47
7
13
2 , 21
11 10
4
5
14
.58
10
1
1 1
1 1
2
;::.:.
1
2
1
1
1
j
1
'
1
....
j ;
j
1
j
3
63
10 1 In
2 1 33
16 11
6
1
16
78
13
Bris de maison et
de magasin.
2
... 1 2
1 1
2 1
1
1
""'i'
2
1
4
1
"1
" "i"
2'
1
1 ....
1
1
1 '.'.'.'.'.
1
/. .
""2
2
2
2
'3
1
1
'"'i'
"i"
" i
2
3
1
9
1
4
4
3
1
10 ! 3
1
1
1
" 1
1
1
2
1
1
. .^.
1
... .
1
2
1
3 ...
2
1
2
1
1
2
Q
1
11
1
137
""'ii'
i
....
"3
" '3
.'..':..\""2
8
3
11
1
1 1
1
159
1
8
1
1
121
"13'
2
30
! ! "
3
2
3
2
6
7
12
9
1
9
1
1
166
12
6
2
145
31
3
2
9
3
167
28
1
23
1
12
1
23
1
... ^
8
"i
2 i
78
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i. Offences against property with violence. Class ii.
Number
of
Charges
Nombre
d 'accu-
sations.
Ac-
quit-
ted.
Ac-
quit-
tes.
De-
tained
for
Lu-
nacy.
De-
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
C(
, CON
Total.
3NVICTI0NS.
DAMNATIONS.
SENTENCE.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
Committed to Jail
Emprlsoxn^s.
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
Con-
victed
1st.
Con-
jam -
nes
une
fois.
Con-
victed
2nd.
Con-
dam-
nes
deux
fois.
Reite-
rated.
Plus
de2
recidi-
ves.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou I'a-
m'nde
No OPTION.
Sans option.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE
Un-
der
one
year.
Moins
d'un
an.
One
year
and
over.
Un
M.
F
plus.
House and shopbreaking — Concluded.
Grey, Ont
Haldiuiand, Ont
6
1
3
15
2
2
3
1
2
4
2
7
2
1
1
1
2
1
4
1
3
5
129
«
.
, . . . .
1
3
8
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
6
2
.1
1
1
2
1
4
1
3
4
100
1 '
2 ! 1
2 3
1 1
"3
.
1
....
1
2
Kent, Ont
Lambton, Ont ...»
Lanark, Ont
Leeds and Grenville, Ont
Lennox and Addington, Ont
Lincoln, Ont
Middlesex, Ont
Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont . .
Nipissing, Ont
Northumberland & Durham, 0
Oxford Ont
1
2-
1
"i
1
6
1
1
"' i'
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
5
1
'"'1'
1
1
2 :
1
Perth, Ont
Peterborough, Ont
Renfrew, Ont ■
Simcoe, Ont
Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. .'.
Victoria, Ont •
1
2
3
63
2
1
1
1
24
1
i
29
1
1
37
1
2
York, Ont
—
• 13
12
232
58
! 174
112
40
22 ;
55
21
Manitoba, Eastern
50
1
3
47
1
27
1
9
11
3 1
1
—
■D n
8
8
3
1
1
2
2
7
6
1
1
7
4
1
1
1
Victoria, B.C
Westminster, B.C. . . .'
Yale, B.C
2
1
-
Totals of British Columbia. .
20
5
15
13
2
2
Alberta, Northern, Al'ta
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
7
5
2
3
5
2
5
2
3
1
Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat
Assiniboia, Western, Saskat
Saskatchewan, Saskat
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
... ^.
1
3
—
Totals of Canada
580
117
462
273
98
91
3
147
32
Robbery— Highway.
St. Francis, Que ■ ■
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
47
■'i'
15
3
"32
3
'30
"2
2
..... ...^^
1
Welland, Ont
York, Ont
'"'2'
Totals of Ontario
.51
16
35
33
2!
.:.... 27
3
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableau
I.
Delits avec violence centre la propriete.
Classe II.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION
Penitkntiabt.
Com-
OCCUPATIONS.
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitekcier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
Deux
Cinq
—
De
mort
En-
voyes
Autres
Senten-
—
— '
—
—
—
—
—
ans
ans
A vie
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
gants.
trielg.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cinq
me.
rales.
Vol de grands chemins.
Bris de maison
et de magasin— i^m.
1
j
[
1
1
1
a2
"'l'
1
1
X 2
2
1
1
5
1
1
7
ri2
o2
2
2
2
"2
1
1
6
2
1
al
al
1
1
2
1
4
1
1
" "i
1
.
1
i
ill
1
2
" "3
... 1
1
2
1
"'3'
1"
3
1
ai
1 3
2
2
1
.
3 1
12 52
e"
4
21
....
.5
a25
.... 1 94
29
10 i . . . . ! 6
53
1
6
23 79
11
1 156
2 7
1
5
a29
6
9
6
6
6
1
40
1
1
4
2
1
1
2
...... i
" "1 '
2
3
'
3
1
....
6
1
1
1
8
2
3
2
3
. ... 1 2 i 1
9
1
1
«. i-'v
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
83
24
20
153
2
42
7 1 75
1 ! 201
40
2
401
1
1
1
'
1
3
3
:::: .I.:...
3
a2
31
4
28
3
2
■ ,
34 ' 4
31
a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue.
80
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 19 05.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against property
with violence
Class ii.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
AGES.
USE OF
LIQUOKS.
USAGE DK
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Un-
able to
read
or
write.
Inca-
pable
delire
ou d'e-
crire.
Ele-
men-
tary.
Ele-
men-
taire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16 ans.
16 years
and
under 21.
16 ans
et moins
de2L
21 years
and
under 40.
21 ans
et moins
de40.
40 years
and over.
40 ans
et plus.
Not
given.
Non-
donne.
Mo-
de-
rate
Mo-
dere
Im-
mo-
de-
rate
CI AIRES Otr L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
M.
H.
F
F
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F
F
Im-
mo-
dere
House and shopbreaking-
-Concluded.
Grey, Ont ,
Halrlimand, Ont
1
1
8
2
2-
1
i'
l'
3
1
1
2
-
"s'
2
1
Kent, Ont
4
2
2
1
Lanibton, Ont
Lanark, Ont
9.
1
1
1
Lennox et Addington, Ont ....
....
1
Lincoln, Ont. . . .
2
1
1
5
2
1
"i
2
2
1
1
4
1
Middlesex, Ont
1
1
6
1
1
Muskoka et Parry Sound, 0
Nipissing, Ont
North um berl 'd et Durham, 0. . .
1
*>
1
1
Oxford, Ont.
1
Perth. Ont
1
1
1
Renfrew. Ont
2
I
1
9,
Siuicoe, Ont . .
1
Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv.,Ont. .
Victoria, Ont
4
1
2
4
100
1
2
1
"2
35
66
11
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
Waterloo, C^vie . ...
1
1
2
47
62
5
1
-
2
2
93
146
47
1
1
6
"'i'
8
Wentworth, Ont
:::.
9,
York, Ont
16
2
2
4
1
7
6
Totaux d 'Ontario
11
155
2
36
22
Manitoba, E.st
3
44
' "i
28
Manitoba, Ouest
1
1
i
1
5
"l
6
4
1
1
1
—
Vancouver, Col.-B
2
6
'""i
"s'
Victoria, Col.-B
Westminster, Col.-B
Yale, Col.-B
i
1
3
Totaux de la Col.-Britan. . .
1
9
3
2
1
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta
1
"l
• 1
1
Alberta, Sud, Al'ta
1
1
—
Assiniboia, Esi,, Saskat
Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat ....
Saskatchewan, Sask
3
171
1^0
1
16
1
20
—
336
Totaux du Canada .
42
395
6
90
106
Robbery — Highway.
St. Frangois, Que
1
! ..
1
1
1
1
2
—
3
Brant, Ont
3
1
Welland, Ont
York. Ont
32
-
7
9
21
22
4
4
23
26
9
—
Totaux d'Ontario
35
9
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Table AC i.
Delits avec violence contre la propriete.
Classe II.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
S
^
Ilks Britanniques.
Uni-
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
•c
ted
States
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
lics.
Eng-
land.
tho-
dists.
byte
rians.
mina
^
"S
Eng-
ses-
tions.
Q
land
Ire-
Scot-
sions.
Pro-
s
i
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
—
^
"8
Wales
nada.
Autr's
tants
H
'S
—
—
—
Etats-
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres
Autr's
TS
X
Angle
Unis.
tres
sions
tistes.
thoH-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
g
Qx
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
nens.
fes-
oc
•^ %
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
St^
Galles
gers.
ques.
o
tf ^
Bris de maison et de magasin — B'in.
Vol de grands cheiuins.
1 _ _ _
1. . . . 1 1
,
1
1
1
1
6
2
2
1
4
1
6
4
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
' i
2
2
.
1
1 r::::.
\
i
1
1
2
1
2
1
3
1
1
6
2
1
1
1
1
....
1
1
2
""2
2
1
1
2 1
2
1
2
4
■ ■ ■ 1
"i
"'3'
4
100
3
1
'3
' 1
2 1 1
'"2!"
..'.'.'.' ""'3'
6 3
89
2
20 40 ! 13
8 i 3 ....
141
9
5
2
5
40 48 1 26
26
15 : 7
160
-9
5
28
14
2 22 6 5
3
7 1 2
41
6
... ;
1
! 1:
1
1
1 i
2
4
"i
1
7
6
1
1
2
1
5
1
1 1
1
1 '
I.. ..
7
2
1
1 1
1
6
15
1
" i
1
1
1
1
i
....
■
' ' 'i
25 4 2
358 i 24
28
2 11
216 90
36 1 34
39
13
398
51
1
1
1
1
1
3
28'
3
3
i 2
""i
'ie' "12
"i'
2
"32 1'/!!
1
1 1 2
1
31
1 1 16 ! 12
1'! 2 L 3
35
17—6
82
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906
Table i.
Ofifences against property with violence.
Class ii.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MIT rED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CI AIRES Otj L'OFFENSE
A lETE COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
I Con- Con- '
jvicted victed Reii*^-
1st. I 2nd. i rated.
Total.
Con- Con- Plus
dam- dam- de 2
nes nes recidi-
une deux
fois. fois.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprisonn^s.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Siir
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou I'a-
m'nde
No Option.
Sans option.
Un- I One
der 1 year
one ! and
year. I over.
Moins Un
d'un i an et
an. I plus.
Robbery — Highway — Concluded.
Victoria, B.C
1
1
1
1
Totals of Canada
54
17 ..
37
34
2
1 !
27
3
Robbery and demanding with menaces.
Cape Breton, N.S
1
1
1
1
—
i
Halifax, X.S
Westmoreland, N.B
1
1
1
—
Arthabaska, Que
1
21
1
1
10
Montreal, Que
St. Hj'aeinthe, Que
ml
10
4
1
4
2
2
—
Totals of Quebec
23
11
1
11
5
4
2
2
Brant, Ont
1
3
4
1
1
\
3
1
6
5
1
3
"l'
i'
1
1
"6
4
18
Carleton, Ont
" 2
■■■'2
Frontenac, Ont
Huron, Ont
_
1
3
-
LamVjton, Ont
Northumberland & Durham. O..
Perth Ont
1
1
1
Wellington, Ont
Wentworth, Out
York, Ont
1
Totals of Ontario
30
12
6
4
2
Manitoba, Eastern
9
^
6
3
3
Vancouver, B.C
3
1
3
1
Westminster, B.C
-
Alberta, Northern, Al'ta
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
Totals of Canada
71
38
1
32
16
11
5
4
Robbery,
assault and
Colchester, N.S
2
-
2
, 2
Northumberland, X. B
3
3
3
—
Kent, Ont
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
Middlesex, Ont
Wentworth, Ont
2
4
....^.
2
1
2
1
York, Ont
9
5
1
STATISTIQUE CRI MINELLE— 1 9 05.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
83
Tableau
I.
Delits avec violence contre la
propriete.
Classe II.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiaet.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
PiNITENCEEK.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Uo-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial,
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
De
En-
Autres
Deux
Ciaq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
CeU-
et
et
pnson
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
ries.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
9ants.
trielB,
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cmq.
me.
rales.
^
Vol de grands chemins —Fin.
1
I
1
4
1
,
.. 1 2
35
4
. . 33
Vol et demandes avec menaces.
Vol, voies de fait et
o Sentence suspended— Sentence suspendue.
.... 1
.1 - - . . . 1 . . .
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
'
5
2
"i
al
3
7
1
3
7
1
5
o
1
1
j
3
8
3
8
1
■■■■4"
4
4
al
a3
■■3
1
1
2
1
al
al
" i'
1
1
1
1
... .
al
1
i
/•
1
1
5
7
4
1
1 1 ' 4
3
8
1
5 . .
1
2
.... 1 1 i ! ^
1- •
6
1
1
'i
. .(. .
12
7
1
8
4
3
6
ifi
6
24
2
...
2
2
1
3
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
84 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
OflFences against property with violence.
Class
ir.
EDUCATIONAL
USB OF
STATUS.
LIQCOR8.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
— .
AGES.
—
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DE
IN WHICH
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM
Un-
Under
16 years
21 years
able to
16
and
and
40 years
Not
MITTED.
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over.
given.
Im-
or
men-
Supe-
—
—
—
—
—
Mo-
mo-
—
write.
tary.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
Non-
de-
de-
de
et moins
et moirs
et plus.
donne.
rate
rate
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Inca-
Ele-
Supe-
16 ans.
de21.
de 40.
-
CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE
pable
men-
rieure
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F
Mo-
Im-
A ETE COMMISE.
de lire
oud'e-
tal re.
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
dere
mo-
dere
cnre.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F
Robbery
-High
way-
-Concluded.
Victoria. Col.-B
1
1
10
:i^::
1
27
—
....
23
4
Totaux du Canada
37
10
Robbery and demanding with menaces.
Cap- Breton, N.-I^.
Halifax, N.-E.
Westmoreland. N.-B.
Arthabaska, Que . . . .
Montreal, Que. ...
St. Hyacinthe, Que.
Totaux de Quebec
Brant, Ont
Carleton, Ont
Frontenac, Ont
Hastings, Ont
Huron, Ont
Lambton, Ont ._.
Northumberl'd et Durham, O.
Perth, Ont
Wellington, Ont
Wentworth, Ont
York, Ont
Totaux d'Ontario
Manitoba, Est
Vancouver, Col.-B...
Westminster, Col.-B.
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta...
Saskatchewan, Saskat. .
Totaux du Canada .
10
11
29
23
1 2
17 13
Robbery,
a,ssault and
Colchester, N,-E
2
-
2
..►
-
....
3
1
2
3
1
Northumberland. N.-B
3
Kent, Ont
1
Middlesex, Ont
Wentworth, Ont
2
2
4
1
4
1
York, Ont
4
....
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
85
Tableau i.
Delits avec violence centre la propriete.
Classe II.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
—
RELIGIONS.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
British Isles.
Other
Other
Iles Britanniques.
Fo-
reign
Bri-
tish
R.
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Other
Deno-
^
Uni-
Pos-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
lics.
Eng-
land.
tho-
dists
byte-
rians.
>
1
Eng-
ted
tries.
ses-
mina-
9
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
tions.
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
%
■*^
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
EH
H
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
73
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
a
Qi^
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
S
-sg
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
^?
Galles
gers.
ques.
sions.
o
tf
Volde
grand
i cheinins —Fm.
.... ! 1
1
1
1
2
1
33 1
. ..1
1
17
12
1
2
4
37 1
Vol
et demandes
avec menaces
.
1
_ j
1
j
1
1
1
1
1
2
i
. . .
1
5
IS...
1
6
1
3
1
10
1
2
'1 '
»!
1 j
7
3
1
10
1
1
"l'
" 3
4
4
i
3
1
1
5
.... 1 .,
1
1
"l
3
"i
1
1
1
"'i'
6
1
1
1
1
'
11 j ..... .
3
3
2, 1
2
6
]
5 1
1
2l 2
1
5
]^
..
■ ■
- —
^^
i
'
2 ! 1 1
24 1
1
1
12
6
4
4
23
S
Vol, voies de
fait et
2
1
2
'
3
...
3
3
1
1
1
I ■■■ ■
....
2
4 ...
1
2
2
1
!
....
86
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against proijerty with violence.
Class il
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M. F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
SENTENCE.
I Committed to Jail
EMPRISONNi;S.
Total.
Con-
victed
let.
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
Con-
victed Reite
2nd. rated,
Con- Plus
dam- de 2
nes recidi
deux ; ves.
fois.
With
the
option
of a
line.
I _
'[ Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou I'a-
im'nde
No Option.
Sans option
Un- One
der year.
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
Robbery, assault and-
-Concluded.
14
7
—
7
4
... 1 3 ' 3
2
2
1
2
1
2
■ 1
1
1
Yale B. C
1
....
—
1
1
1
1
1
—
Yukon
1
25
1
10
! ....
15
12
. .. i 3 '.... 1 3
3
Offences against property without violence.
,
Warehouse and freight
:ar breaking.
Queen's, P.E.I
2
2
—
.1 '
Halifax N S
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
" "2 ;;;;;
1
St. Francis, Que
—
Elgin Ont
1 1
4
'2
2
1
2
Essex Ont . '.
4
2
2
1
2
4
4
""2
'"2
'"2
4
Kent. Ont
Peterborough, Ont
2
""2
2
.
1
Welland. Ont
'•i
2 .. .
York Ont
••
1
1
7
1
11
11
2
4
4
1
■ ■ i
—
Totals of Canada
25
10
15
14 . . 1 2 1 4
4
Class hi.
Bringing stolen pioperty into Canada.
Charlotte N B
1
1
1 j ... .
Bedford Que ....
2
1
-
1
1
' 1
Middlesex, Ont
1
i 1
1
.i 1
1
1
1
Totals of Canada
5
2
\ 3
3
1 2 ' . . .
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
87
Tableau
I.
Delits avec violence contre l.a propriete.
ClASSE II.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitkntiaky.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
P^NITENCIER.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
/
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
niort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
CeU-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
9ants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
cinq.
Refor-
me.
libe-
rales.
Vol, voies de fait et — Fin.
Delits sans violence contre la propriete.
2
1
i
3
3
4
1
1
1
1
\ ai ' 1
1
1
'
1
1
■■■■ i 1
1
8
1 |. .. .
.... 1 .3
7
6
i s
Bris d'entrepots et de wagons a fret.
1
!
1
al
1
1
I
1
1
2
i
!
1
2
1
2
-
[ 1
2'
3
""2
""2
2
1
1
'
2
1
1
fi
8
1
i-.- ■
3
1 1 1
. .. 1 i ! 1
10
1 1 11
ClASSE III.
Effets voles apportes au Canada.
'. . ... 1 . .
1
i 1
1
1
i
1 ,
1 1
1
1
1
1 ;
1 1 ....
3
a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue.
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offenc
es against propert
y with violence.
Class
II.
EDUCATIONAL
USE OF
STATUS.
LIQUORS.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
—
AGES.
—
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DE
IN WHICH
LlyUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
Un-
Under
16 years
21 years
1
able to
16
and
and
40 years
Not
MITTED.
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over.
given.
Im-
or
men-
Supe-
—
—
—
—
Mo-
mo-
—
write.
tary.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
Non-
de-
de-
de
et moins
et moins
et plus.
donne.
rate
rate
DISTRICTS JUDI-
—
—
—
16ans.
de21.
de40.
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
Inca-
Ele-
Supe-
pable
men-
rieure
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F
Mo-
Im-
A ETE COMMISE.
de lire
ou d'e-
taire.
-
—
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
dere
mo-
der^
cnre.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F
Robberv — Assault and — Concluded.
7
—
•
7
1
1
6
1
1
Vancou ver, Col.-t5
1
1
Yale, Col.-B . ..
"
1
-
Assiniboia, Est, Saskat
Assiniboia, Ouest, Sasket
-
::_•
-
—
T>
1
--■
9
14
2
4
Warehouse and freight car breaking.
Queen's, I. du P. -E
—
1
Halifax, N.-E
1
1
—
1
—
Montreal, Que
\
1
St. Francois, Que .... ....
2
-
2
—
Elgin, Ont
•Essex, Ont
3
3
1
R
Kent, Ont
Peterborough, Out
2
Simcoe, Orit
2
1
2
i'
2
?
Victoria, Ont
1
2
Welland, Ont
2
York, Ont
—
5
2
3
—
3
Totaux d 'Ontario
8l
1
5
Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat
—
6
4
1
3
—
6
Totaux du Canada
1
11
1
6
Offences against property without violence.
Class hi.
Bringing stolen property into Canada.
Charlotte. N.-B
■ 1
\
1
—
....| 1
1
—
1
1
1
3
Bedford, Que
1
'J_
Middlesex, Ont.
1 1 .... ^ .
—
Assiniboia, Ouest, Sask
1 i '....
1
1
—
Totaux du Canada
1
2
1 2
STATISTIQUE CHIMIN ELLE— 1 9 05.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
89
Tableau i.
[)elits avec violence centre la propriete.
Classe II.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSAXCE.
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Other
Other
__
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Deno-
aj
5
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch.of
Me-
Pres-
mina-
S
'S
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
Eng-
land.
tho-
byte-
rians.
tions.
>
-^
Eng-
ses-
lics.
dists
1
S
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
—
C
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
^
^
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
Autr's
H
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
con-
T3
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
fes-
i^
a^
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
sions.
30
■^t
et
lando
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
■-3
S s
Galles
gers.
ques.
O
P3
Vol, voies de fait et — Fin.
Delits sans violence contre la propriete.
*
7
3
3 1
7
'
1 ..
"l
1
2
1
1
1
!
'
1 * ... .
1 9
1
3
3
r. 2
3 . . . . 1 , .
15
Brisd
entrep6ts et c
e wagons a
fret.
i
,
1
... 1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
'"'i
(
\ 1
1 1
■■■/■
1
1
1
1 2
.... .....^
1 . ..
2
"'2'
'2
2
2
'
1
3
1
1 : 2 5 1 1
4
... . i 1
1 '
4
1
1
1
1
1
6
5 1 1 . .
1
6
1 1
12 1 .T 6
Classe hi.
Effets voles apportes au Canada.
1
1
j 1
1
. . . . . . 1 ...
-
] ■
1 . ..
1
1
1 ; i
1
1
1
1
1
j ... .
1 1 1 i
2
1
1
2
90
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against' property without violence.
Class hi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
Number
of
Charges
Nombre
d'accu-
fcations
Ac-
quit-
ted.
Ac-
quit-
tes.
M. F
De-
tained
for
Lu-
nacy.
De-
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con-
victed
1st.
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
Con- I
victed Reite-
2nd. rated.
Con-
dam -
Plus
de2
nes recidi-
deux ves.
fois.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
EMPRISONNi:S.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
OU I'a-
m'nde
No Option.
Sans option
Un-
der year
one
year.
Moins
d'un
an.
Embezzlement.
Cape Breton, N.S
1
1
1
1
.. ..«
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
' l'
Wentworth, Ont
York, Ont
—
;:::.
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
Yale B C
1
1
—
2
2
2
1
1
Totals of Canada
13
2
i 10
8
1
1
2
4
Fal
■se
pretences.
Cape Breton, N.S
2
11
1
4
'3
1
4
1
4
3 •
Halifax N S
Carleton N B
1
4
1
1
1
King's, N.B
4
--
Arthabaska, Que
Beauce, Que .
Bedford, Que
3
1
S
1
1
53
3
12
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 ....
" '1'
1 .
""1 .
aW .
1
3 .
1 .
1 .
1 .
1
"2
1
15
"io
1
'"s
Iberville, Que
Montreal, Que
Ottawa, Que
Quebec, (^ue
Rimouski, Que
St. Francis, Que
St. Hyacinthe, Que
'2
1
36
3
8
1
2
1
1
21
1
6
""2
1
" 5'
1
2
4
....
1
1
2
Totals of Quebec
82
2
4
1
5
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
2
3
23
57
35
9
13
8
26 ,
1
Algoma and Manitoulin, Ont
Brant, Ont
2
2
1
3
1
2
2
2
1
2
" i
2
2
"2'
"i'
"1
1
1
"1
2
1
""i" .
""2 '.
1
1 .
1
Elgin, Ont
1
2
Grey, Ont
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
Hastings, Ont
"2
Kent Ont
1
Lambton, Ont
2
1
a One, both jail and $15— Un, la prison et $15 d'amende.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
91
Tableau
I.
Delits sans violence eontre la propriete.
Classe
III.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
OCCUPATIONS. -
CONDITION
Penitentiart.
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two!
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
'
and
live
D'th.
tories
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
ov r.
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
•
ans
ans
A vie
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
CeU-
et
ef
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
gants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cinq.
me.
rales.
Detournement.
1
1 '
1
al
1
. . .
al
.... i 1
1 ; . ..
j
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
""i
i
1 ■ ■
•
1
;
61
1
... 1 1
1
3 i
3
2
1
3 1 G 1 1 3
Faux pretextes.
1 1
1
'.'.'.'.'.':. i'
i'
1
1
1
2 1
2
1
1
1
a2
3 ..
. ... 3
'"'i'
••■•
1
■ ■ ■
1
" i'
"i
alO '.'.'.'.'..
1
16
3
1
17
• *
1
1 14
1
4
5
19
2
2
1 ' 2
2 - . . . i C^
1
1
1
^
al .
2
1
1
1
3
1
18 1
2(3 1 19
: 10 2.5 .. . .32
[
j 1
1
3
1
,
a2 1
■•■■••
. . 2
1
1
1
1
2
ai'
cl
2
" 1
2
i
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. b Costs of court and pay back funds— Frais de la cour
fct ;i ren.ettre les fonds. c Settled by restitution — Regie en faisant restitution.
92
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906
Table i.
Offences ag^ainst property without violence.
Class iil
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
AGES.
USE OF
LIQUOBS.
U.SAGE DE
LIQUKUES
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI
Un-
able to
read
or
write.
Inca
pable
de xii e
' ud'e-
crire.
Ele-
men-
tary.
Ele-
men-
taire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16 ans.
16 years
and
under 21.
16 ans
et moins
de2L
21 years
and
under 40.
21 ans
etmoins
de40.
40 years
and over.
40 ans
et plus.
Not
given.
Non-
donne.
Mo-
de-
rate
Mo-
dere
Im-
mo-
de-
rate
CIAIRES Otl L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
M.
H.
F
F
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F
F
Im-
mo-
dere
Embezzlement.
PaT-»-"Rrptnn "V -K
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
Cumberland, N.-E
1
1
1
1
i
-
—
1
—
1
2
1
Wentwortli, Ont
York Ont
1
-
—
1
' 1
Yale Col -B
1
1
1
-
1
—
1
1
Totaux du Canada
7
2 ....
2
7
1
8
i .
False pretences.
Cap- Breton. N.-E
Halifax, N.-E
1 '
1
1
4
4 •-.•■■|::::
-
1
1
1
1
1
Carleton N -B
1
1
-
3
—
3
1
3
Beauce, Que
1
- 1
r !
1
1
1
"...'. i
"i
"8
1
25
2
6
"2
1
- 1
1
1
5
Montreal, Que
Ottawa, Que
Quebec, Que
4 ; 32 . .
1 ? !
31
3
4
1
2
1
4
1 ..
2 ...
1
1
1
40
St. Hyacinthe, Que
9
1
6
....
2
2
1
4 50 3
1
.. 18
39
■» . .
1
3
1
1
::::
2
1
2
.. 3
L
1
1
2 . ..
2
1
■ 1
"2
,.
1
1
1
1
Haldimand, Ont
Hastings, Ont
■
1
2
9.
1
i
1
Kent Ont
2
Lambton, Ont
.:::•;' t ■■;::. i;:":
1
i
STATISTIQUE C RI M I X ELLE— 1 9 05
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
93
Tableau i.
Delits sans violence contre la propriete.
Classe iil
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Deno-
S
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
mina-
.-s
u
Uni-
Coun-
Pos-
Bap-
tho-
Eng-
tho-
byte-
tions.
>
OQ
Eng.
ted
tries.
ses-
tists.
lics.
land.
dists
rians.
1
Q
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
—
a
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
^
B
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
Autr's
H
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
con-
-o
00' .
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
fes-
«
aA
terre
Ir-'
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
rians.
sions.
r^n
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
u p
Galles
gers.
ques.
o
fi"
Detournement.
Faux pretextes.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1 i . _ .
1
.... 1 1
1
' 1
1
1
1
1
!
-.
1
....
1
1
1
1 !
1 « '
1
1
2 i 1
3
1 1
8
1
1
2
"1
1
3
1
4
i!
1
1
1
1
■ ■■ 'i
1
3
1
3
1
"i"
30
2
7
1
1
1
^
1
1
i'
"'3'
"i
""2
1
1
33
2
5
1
2
1
'
"i
32
2
8
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
3
/
1
1
1 1 '
51
2
3
47 1 .... ' 2 ' 5
2 1 48
9
....
1
1
....
2
i
2
3
"2
1
1
1
2
1
2
■"2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1-
1
1
94
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against property without violence.
Class hi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A et:6 commise.
'
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con- ! Con- !
victed victed Reite-
1st. 2nd. rated.
Con- Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
dam-
nes
deux
fois.
Plus
de2
recidi-
ves.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprisonnes.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou I'a-
m'nde
No Option.
Sans option.
Un- One
der year
one , and
year, over
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
False pretences — Concluded.
Lanark. Ont
1
3
2
2
3
1
7
a4
2
6
4
1
1
2
2
2
7
2
3
9
1
3
1
3
Leeds and Grenville, Ont
Lennox and Addington, Ont
"2-
1
Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. . ,
..
2
3
1
5
3
1
5
4
2
3
1
4
3
1
5
3
1
Nipissing, Ont
Norfolk, Ont
"2
"i
'"'i'
' i
Northumberland & Durham, 0
Oxford, Ont
Peel, Ont. ..^
1
1
■ 1
Perth, Ont
1
3
Peterborough, Ont
1
Prescott and Russell. Ont
Renfrew, Ont
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
61
2
Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. . .
Victoria, Ont
" i'
Waterloo, Ont
2
4
1
"7'
Welland, Ont
3
1
3
2
3
1
2
2
Wellington, Ont
.
Wentworth, Ont •.
York, Ont
1
2
1
—
Totals of Ontario
93
30
62
53
8 1
. 8
17
4
Manitoba, Central
Manitoba, Eastern
Manitoba, Western
5
7
3
1
4
3
4
5
3
'"' i'
""1
" 1
1
2
, 1
1
Totals of Manitoba
15
1
14
12
1
1
1
3
2
Cariboo, B.C
1
16
8
1
1
9
8
1
1
8
5
1
1
♦)
7
Vancouver, B.C
6
1
1
3
1
Victoria, B.C
Yale, B.C
1
1
1
Totals of British Columbia. .
26
6
19
15
4
1
14
2
Alberta, Northern, Al'ta
19
8
27
7
2
9
12
6
12
6
3
3
3
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
-
Totals of Al'ta
18
18
6
3
Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat
Assiniboia, Western, Saskat
10
9
8
3
1
5
7
8
3
7
(
3
1
1 ....
4
5
2
Saskatchewan. Saskat
Totals of Saskat
27
9
6
18
17
1
1
11
Yukon
4
292
87
4
2
1 1
4
Totals of Canada
198
158
24 16 19
85
12
a One, jury disagreed — Un, les jures ne se sont pas accordes. h Left town — A quitte la ville.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1 9 05.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
95
Tai
JLEAU
I.
Delits sans violence centre la propriet
e.
Classe
HI.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Pias'ITENCIER.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tui al.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
—
•_
De
En-
Autres
—
—
— .
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
voy es
Senten-
En
-
ans
ans
A vie
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
veu-
CeU-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
vage.
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
gants.
triels.
sions
liers.
taires.
de
Refor-
Ube-
cmq.
me.
rales.
Faux p)retextes — Fin.
al
a2
ai*
aZ
al
al. 63
' a2
al
aA
al
1
1
1
'"'i'
2
1
1
1
1
" '3'
1
2
1
1
""2 [.'...
2
"'i'
1
'" 3
1
1
2'
2
1
5
2
2
1
al ... .
2
i"
1
3
2
2
aZ 1
al 1
al 2
i
i
al 2
'
1
,
32 5 17
4 3 16
25
20
'
62 13
4
a4
a2
1
3
i 1 2
1
4
3
8 2
6 1 2 4
7
1 i
1
1
2
2 1 ... ' ...
1
2
2
1
1
1 112
2
3
3
...
1
1
2
"■■ 1 ::■
'
13 1 2 2 3 3
3 : 7
2
2
4
!
a4 2 ' 1 ;
«1 . . 1 . .. 2 1 1 i 2
::':
2
2
j
2
5 ! 2 1
2
2
4
1
1
al
al
al
. 1. . .
2
2
1
2
1
2
4
' ]
3
3
3
2
1 2
4
2
2
^J
1
3
1
14
2
66 15 j 59 4
3" 7
33
68
6
76
\
a Sentence suspended — Sentence su.spendue. 6 Settled by restitution — Regie par restitution.
96
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences s^ainst property without violence.
Class iir.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFEXSE
A ETE COMMISE.
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
Un-
able to
read
or
write.
Ele-
men-
tary.
Supe-
rior.
Inca- Ele- Supe-
pable men- rieure
delire uaire
oud'e-
crire. I
AGES.
USE OF
LIQU0B8.
USAGE DK
LIQUEURS
Im-
mo-
de-
rate
Under
16 years
21 years
- ■- ■■
16
and
and
40 years
Not
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over.
given.
Mo-
de-
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
Non-
de
et moins
et moins
et plus.
donne.
rate
16 ans.
de21.
de40.
Mo-
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F
_
_
_
_
_
dere
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F
idere
False pretences— Concluded.
1
"i'
3
1
2
9!
Lennox et Addington, Ont ....
Muskoka et Parrj' Sound, 0. . .
1
1
4
2
2
1
2
1
Norfolk, Ont
' i
1
1
Northumberl'd et Durham, 0. . .
Oxford, Ont
4
3
3
Peel, Ont
1
5
3
' 1
1
"4'
3
1
1
3
1
Perth, Ont .
9.
1
3
Prescott et Rus.sell Ont.
1
1
Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv. ,Ont . .
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
Welland, Ont
1
1
3
2
1
1
3
1
30
2
1
1
3
2
28
2
7
Wellington, Ont ... -
i'
9
1
1
18
3
-
York, Ont
.5
—
Totaux d'Ontario
1
40
3
16
1
5
3
1
Manitoba, Est
-
1
5
3
6
:
1
5
1
2
5
9
1
4
5
2
9
1
.. .
5
1
7
2
3
5
Totaux de Manitoba
6
4
Caribou. Col.-B.
1
3
6
1
3
6
Victoria, Col.-B
2
--
3
Yale, CoL-B .
4
111
6
10
2
12
7
1
2
10
-
Totaux de la Col.-Britann
10
2
3
—
1
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta
2
4
1
Alberta, Sud, Al'ta.
1
—
1
Totaux d'Alberta
2
4
2
;
Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat
4
1
3
4
3
-
6
1
7
4
84
1
1
1
—
4
3
Totaux de Saskatchewan . .
5
3
1
Yukon '.
1
'3
-
4
98
1
26
1
52
18
1
Totaux du Canada
9
122
i 18
1
61
STATISTIQUE C RIM IN ELLE — 1 9 05
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
97
Tableau i.
Delit sans violence contra la propriete.
Classe III.
BIRTH PLACES.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
British Isles.
Iles Britanniqdes.
Eng-
lar d Ire- Scot-
and land. land.
Wales
Angle
terre Ir- Ecos-
et lande. se .
Galles
Ca-
nada.
Uni-
ted
States
I Other ; Other
I Fo- Bri-
I reign i tish
t Coun- Pos-
tries.
Autr's
[ Au-
Etats- tres sions
Unis. pays j Bri-
etran- tanni-
gers. j ques.
RELIGIONS.
R.
Ca- Ch. of Me- j Pres
Bap- the- Eng- ;^ ho- byte
tists. j lies. 1 land, dists.
Bap- I Ca- Eglise: Me-
tistes. .tholi- d'An- 1 tho-
ques. gle-. dis-
terre. tes.
Other
I Deno-
j mina-
rians. i < tions.
Pro-
tes- I —
Pres-
byte-
riens.
tants
Autr's
con-
fes-
sions.
RESI-
DENCE.
u
>
X
1
Q
^
1-
i~i
-c
"^ .
Q2
„
^ c3
+^
a M
o
rt
Faux pretextes— i^m.
\
1
... .
"i'
1
3
1
1
......
2
• .
1
2
1
•
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
■ '4
2
1
3
1
1
1
2
"2
1
4
4
1
1
"l
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
".'.".'
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
"i"
" 1
3
2
1
1 1
.1
4
2
1 31
2 ' 5
1 10
9
11
H
3 4
3.5
12
1
. . 1 1
1 ! 1 i
1
1
3
4
1
3
1
- 2
3
i
3
:
4
1 2 2
__'!■■■
! 2
3
2
. ... 1
H 4
' "2 i ■'.;." ;;;/
1 2
1
1
1
1
1
8
8
1
3
1
1
1
, 1
i 1
i
3
1
2
3
3 2
3
2
1
3 1
3 1
2
IS
1
1
1
1!.... 1
3
1
3
. .
2
... 1 1
1
1 !
2 1 2
i 2 3
2 1 1 1 1
2
1 '
2 j 5
1
3
2 1
.._ ....
2
1
3
2
4 3
. . ^ 11
i •••■'
1
1
3
J ^
1
2
3
.■^
2
1
5
4
1
1
3
1
i •••
3 1
... .|. ...
4
i
17 ! 7 i 6 1 97
10
12 1 1 i 2
08 ^ 22 1 19
15
9 i 9
124 3.5
17—7
98
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against property without violence.
Class hi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
of
Charges
Ac-
quit-
ted.
for
Lu-
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
De-
tenus
pour
d'accu-
faations
quit-
tes.
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con-
victed
Ist.
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
Con- 1
victed Reite-
2nd. rated.
Con-
dam -
Plus
de2
nes :recidi-
deux ves.
fois.
SENTENCE.
COMMITTEn TO JaIL
Emprisoxnes.
With ! No Option.
the ' —
option Sans OPTION
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
OU I'a-
m'nde
Un- I One
der I year
one I and
year. over.
MoinS' Un
d'un ' an et
an. i plus.
Feloniously receiv
mg and
in possession
of stolen gooc
s.
Prince P E I . ,
1
1
1
—
Cape Breton, N.S
Halifax, N.S
2
9
2
13
3
«43
2
1
2
"2
1
""2
1
1
6
6
1
13
3
3
2
1
King's N.S
Totals of Nova Scotia
4
3
1
1
Bedford, Que
' '28'
2
1
"20
2
1
■■"5'
" 3
■■■■4"
"bio
1
Montreal, Que
Ottawa, Que
3
1
3
Totals of Quebec
49
14
31
23
5
3
4
11
4
Algoma and Manitoulin. Ont
Brant, Ont
1
3
4
1
1
1
2
1
3
3
2
23
1
3
1
3
""2
" 1
"'3'
i
Elgin Ont
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Nipissing, Ont
1
' 1
'"1
1
Oxford Ont
Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. . .
Welland Ont
3
3
1
5
2
3
■■■■5'
"l
"i
2
Wentworth, Ont
York. Ont
1
15
'3
4
Totals of Ontario
45
21
20
17
3
3
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
--
13
3
1
12
1
....
1
2
1
1
1
1
""i'
1
2
1
Yale B.C
—
Totals of British Columbia. .
17
13
4
3
1
4
3
2
1
3
1
3
1
2
1
—
Totals of the Alberta
5
1
4
4
3
—
7
7
1
15
3
6
1
10
4
1
4
1
3
-
5
5
3
-
2
1
1
1
10
Totals of Canada
t 149
66
72
58
9
5
10
24
7
a One left the country — Un a laisse le pays.
b One, both jail and S50 — Un, la prison et ■
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
99
Tableau
I.
Delits sans violence contre la propriete.
Classe III.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
PENirENTIAEY.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
live
D'th.
tories
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
ov r.
Deux
Cinq
—
De
mort
En-
voyes
Autres
Senten-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
ans
ans
A vie
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
9ants.
trials.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cinq.
*ne.
rales.
Recel et en XK)ssession d'eflets voles.
1
i ■ ■
i
1
-I 1
1
2
1 1 1
!
'j2
1
1
2
2
1 ( 1
"2 '.'.'.
fi
9'
0
1
2
«i'
9
12
1
1
1
13
1
2
2
8
9
6
12
14 1
14
1
al
1
i
1
2
1
2
1
"i
.... ^.
al
1
1
■ ■ ■
1
al
1
j
cl
a3
al
«2
2
2
■ ■■ •
... ^.
2
3
1
3
1
.3
1
10
6
3
4
6
1
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
'
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
t
t
1 ,
«1
«1
1
1
9.
al
1
1
5
2I .....
1
23
1
■ 17
13
19
23 1 4
31
« Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. b Bound to be of a good behaviour — Pris I'engagement de
tenir une mailleure conduite. c To return goods and pay costs — A remettre les effets et a payer les frai.s.
n—7h
100
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
OflFences against property without violence.
Class hi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES oil L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
Un- I
able to
read Ele-
or j men- j Supe-
write. tary. | rior.
Inca- Ele- Supe-
pable men- rieure
delire taire,
ou d'e-
AGES.
Under! 16 years j 21 years !
16 and and 1 40 years
years, under 21. lunder 40. and over.
Moins 16 ans 21 ans | 40 ans
de et moins et moins | et plus.
leans, de 21. de 40.
Not
given.
Noft^
donne.
M.
H.
USE OF
LIQC0R8.
USAGE DE
LIQUEURS
|Im-
Mo- mo-
de- de-
rate rate
Mo-jlm-
derejmo-
idere
Feloniously receiving an
i in possession
of stolen
property.
Prince, I. du P.-E
1
-
1
1
2
—
Cap-Breton, N.-E
Halifax, N.-E
1
1
9,
King's, X.-E
2
—
2
—
Totaux de la N. -Ecosse
1
]
— —
2
?,
—
Bedford, Que
Montreal, Que
Ottawa, Que . .
Quebec, Que
1
1
1
25
1
8
1
1
11
' i-
5
1
1
2
15
1
1
1
1
—
16
Totaux de Quebec
3
26
9
1
12
6
1
2
3
Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont
Brant, Ont . .
1
3
1
1
3
2
1
Carlfeton, Ont
Elgin, Ont
•
1
Lanark, Ont
1
1
1
1
1
Nipissing, Ont
1
i'
1
Oxford. Ont
1
Peterborough, Ont
Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv., 6. . . .
Welland, Ont. .
2
3
2
1
2
3
1
5
14
3
Wentworth, Ont
1
1
1
York, Ont
4
1
1
5
1
1
2
6
1
5
2
1
-
Totaux d 'Ontario
1
16 1
4
Manitoba, Centre
1
1
Manitoba, Est
....
I
1
—
"Vancouver, Col.-B
1
1
1
....
-
1
2
1
4
1
Westminster, Col. -B
1
—
1
1
1
1
Yale, Col.-B
1
Totaux de laCol.-Britan.
1
3
2
2
1
—
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta . .
1
Alberta, Sud, Al'ta
Totaux d'Alberta
1
1
3
4
1
1
—
Assiniboia, Est, Saskat
Aseiniboia, Ouest, Saskat
Saskatchewan, Sask
—
5
Totaux de Saskatchewan . .
-
1
27
—
1
33
Yukon
1
—
10
2
1
11
1
13
—
Totaux du Canada
7
50
1
7
13
STATISTIQUE ORIMINELLE— 19 05.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
101
Tableau i.
Delits sans violence contre la propriete.
Classe III.
BIRTH PLACES.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
RESI-
DENCE.
Bbitish Isles.
Iles Britanniques.
Eng-
land Ire-
and land.
Wales
Angle
terre Ir-
et lande.
Galles
Scot-
land.
Ecos-
Ca-
nada.
I Other Other
I Fo- Bri-
I reign 1 tish
Uni- Coun- Pos-
ted I tries,
States I sions.
Autr's
Au- posses
Etats- tres sions
Unis. pays Bri-
etran- tanni-
gers. 1 ques.
Bap-
tists.
Bap-
tistes.
R.
Ca-
tho-
lics.
Ch. of Me- Pres-
Eng- tho- byte-
land, dists rians.
Ca-
tholi-
ques.
Eglise
d'An-
Me-
tho-
gle- dis- : riens,
terre. tes. i
Pres-
byte-
Pro-
tes-
tants
Other
jj
Deno-
mina-
>
1
tions.
L
—
o
Auto's
con-
OS
fes-
s
sions.
s
:3 h
P3
Recel et en possession d'effets voles.
1
•■ ■! ■•■!
1
1
1
.. .1 1
1
2
i 1
. 2
2
1
1
.... ! 2
....
2
2
1
21
2
1
1
5
21 -> 1
6
24
2
1
2
2
1
24
I
• 24
1
5
1
6
27
■3'
2
1
3
1!...-..
1 1 1 ;
"i'
1
..-..1 1
1 1
"1'
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
'"'3'
"3
2
"i
2
2
3
1
5
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
13
3
1
4 4
3
3
1
17
1
i'
... . ' 1
1
2
1
1
1
1
—
1
1
3 ...
1
1
1
1
... . 1
1
1
2
2
i
■•■• 1
3
1
.. ..1 1
i
1
1
1
1
1
. . .
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
43
4l 8
33
r>
1
4
3
9
52
6
102
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
OflFences against property without violence.
Class hi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ET]6 COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total,
Con-
Con-
victed
victed
1st.
2nd.
Con-
Con-
dam-
dam-
nes
nes
une
deux
fois.
fois.
Reite-
rated.
Plus
de2
recidi-
ves.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
EMPRISONNfe.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou Ta-
rn'nde
No Option.
Sans option.
Un- One
der year
one and
year, over
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
a One left the country-
-Un a laisse le pays.
0
Fraud and conspiracy
to defraud.
Yarmouth, N.S .
1
1
1
al
2
2
1
1
—
1
1
2
"i
1
1
1
2
Chicoutimi, Que.. ........
Montreal, Que
4
2
1
St. Francis, Que
1
—
Totals of Quebec
13
7
5
1
5
—
Brant, Ont
Carleton, Ont .
14
1
12
1
13
3
2
4
1
1
7
1
13
66
139
8
2
1
7
1
6
2
2
3
1
1
2
6
47
81
1
12
2
4
. 2
9
Hastings, Ont
5
1
1
"i'
::::
2
" i
2
""2
Kent, Ont
Middlesex, Ont
Nipissing, Ont
Peel, Ont :
2
"i
Perth, Ont
1
Peterborough, Ont ....
Prescott and Russell, Ont
Simcoe, Ont
' 5'
I
7
17
3
1
2
15
....
i
' "z
Welland, Ont
Wentworth. Ont
1
1
4
1
'"'i'
1
7
York. Ont
2
2
1
Totals of Ontario
56
39
7 10 ; 6
25
3
Manitoba. Eastern
7
5
1 1 : 1
2
Vancouver, B.C
1
6
4
4
3
8
2
2
4
1
4
1
1
1
Alberta, Northern, Al'ta
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
4
2
4
2
1
2
2
—
2
4
2
4
1
Saskatchewan, Saskat . ...
3
—
Totals of Saskat . . . .
15
9
6
6
4
2
Totals of Canada
187
102
82
62
9 11 i 12
37
4
Horse,
cattle and sheep stealing.
Queen's, P.E.I
4
4
-
1
1
Cumberland, N.S
1
1
1
1
Pictou, N.S
1
Beauharnois, Que
1
3
1
1
1
' "1
1
Bedford,Que
2
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1 905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
103
Tableau
I.
Delits sans violence contre la propriet
e.
Classe
III.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiaby.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitexcier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-■
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tui al.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
En
ans
ans
A vie
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
veu-
Celi-
et
et
pi -son
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus -
fes-
na-
nes.
vage.
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
9ants.
triels.
sions
liera.
taires.
de
Refor-
Hbe-
cmq.
me.
rales.
Fraude et conspiration de fraude.
Vol de chevaux, betail et moutons.
1
1
1
""2
1
2
... ^.
"'i'
1
3
4
al
4
8
1
11
61
1
1
2
2'
2
""6
a3
1
5
a2
al
al
a8
3
1
1
3
1
6
5
1
5
1
11
... ^
6
1
....
2
12
5
17
2
25
1
6
13
20
32
ai
2
1
4
3
4
1
' i
... ^.
i
al
1
1
1
"
22
4
31
2
6
17 29
36
_ _ .
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue.
effets.
b Ordered to return goods — Ordonne de remettre le
104
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1905
Table i.
Offences against property without violence.
Class tii.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS .JUDI-
CI AIRES Otr L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
Un-
able to
read
Ele-
or
write.
men-
tary.
Inca-
pable
de lire
ou d'e-
Ele-
nien-
taire.
crire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
AGES.
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16 ans.
16 years
and
under 21.
16 ans
et moins
de2L
21 years I i
and 40 years i Not
under 40. and over, given.
21 ans 40 ans
et moins et plus.
de40.
M.
H.
Non-
donne.
M. i F.
H. ; F.
USE OF
LIQUORS.
US.4GEDB
LIQUEURS
Im-
Mo- mo-
de- de-
rate rate
Mo-jlm-
dere|mo-
■dere
Fraud and conspiracy to defraud
.
Yarmouth, N.-E
1
1
1
1
—
1
Arthabaska, yue. . '
Chicoutimi, Que
1
1
Montreal, Que
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
4
12
2
5
1
3
1
—
5
1
7
4
Hastings, Ont
4
1
2
1
1
3
1
Middlesex, Ont . ...
7
1
1
3
1
1
5
2
Nipissing, Ont
Peel, Ont.
1
. . .
Perth, Ont
1
Simcoe, Ont
4
1
7
6
1
1
1
9
21
6
3
1
"i'
1
17
39
5
4
Welland, Ont
Wentworth, Ont
'i'
4
6
3
16
-
6
York, Ont
ii
1
—
2
8
1
1
2
..
4
Totaux d'Ontario
1
36
15
1
13
7
2
1
4
1
—
—
"i"
—
Alberta. Nord. At'la
.\lberta, Sud, Al'ta ... .
-
1
—
2
4
6
17
. . .
-
-
50
1
—
9
2
29
4
20
Totaux du Canada
1
46
17
15
Horse, cattle and sheep stealing.
Queen's. L du P.-E
-
1
-
1
1
Pictou N -E
—
1
1
—
1
1
1
Bedford, Que
1
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
105
Tableau i.
Delits sans violence contre la propriete.
ClASSE III.
•
BIRTH PLACES.
^
RESI-
DENCE.
—
RELIGIONS.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
British Isles. |
Other
Other
■
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
^
Iles Britanniqdes.
Uni-
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
"C
ted
Coun-
Pos-
Bap-
tho-
Eng-
tho-
byte
mina-
>
"x
Eng-
States
tries.
ses-
tists.
lics.
land.
dists.
nans.
tions.
1
a
land
Ire-
Scot-
sions.
Pro-
2
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
tes-
5=
Wales
nada.
Autr's
tants
Ch
—
—
—
Etats-
Au-
po?ses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres
Autr's
'V
x
Angle
Unis.
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
C
p. A
terre
Ii-
Ecos-
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
X
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
t j:
Galle.s
gers.
ques.
o
A'^
Fraude et conspiration de fraude.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 ...
... 1
1
1
2
2 j 2
"l
1
1
■
1
2 ' 1 2
1
1 '>
2
11
2
1 1 i
n
1
4
1
6
1
... .
,
1
2
1
1
1
2
... ^
1
T
3
4
6
1
••
"i'
1 . ...
i . .
:::::! :::
I
3
1
4
1
3
1
■'l "
1
7
2 12
6
3 8
1
5
7
17
2 1
■::::■ ::. ■:::::"
1
1
4 1 1
5
40 1 2
2
13 13 '
11
12
1
46
7
4 1 2
1
3 11
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
!
1 !
1 .i i
1 ... .
1 L... L._
1
j
1
n;
1 ■
1
■ •
j
.5 i 1
5 i 47 1 6 ' . .
3
17 15 1 2
11 1 13
4
55
11
Vol de chevaux, betail et moutons.
1
1
1
4
1
.
j
1 '
::::■
1 L .;
.... I 1
1 ! 1
'.'.'.'.'.'.[.'.'.'.'.
1
1
1
1
106
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against property without violence.
Class hi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A et:^ commise.
De-
tained
Number
of
Ac-
quit-
for
Lu-
Charges)
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
[
M. F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con-
victed
1st.
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
Con-
victed
2nd.
Con-
dam-
nes
deux
fois.
Reite-
rated.
Plus
de2
recidi-
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
EMPRISONNi:S.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou Ta-
rn'nde
No Option.
Sans option
Un- One
der year
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
Larceny.
Horse, cattle and
sheep stealing—
Concluded.
Ottawa, Que . .
St. Francis, Que
2
1
1
1
-
1
1
Totals of Quebec ....
7
4
3
2
] ... .
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
1
2
5
1
1
1
3
' i
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
'" 1
4
Essex, Ont
1
4
1
"l
1
'""2
"1
Grey, Ont
Huron, Ont
1
i'
Kent, Ont
1
2
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
"'i'
5
Oxford Ont
Peel Ont
"2
Peterborough, Ont
Simcoe, Ont
• • • •
i
" i
3
1
. . . .
Waterloo, Ont . . '.
Welland. Ont
'i'
1
""2
Wellington, Ont
York, Ont.,
1
Totals of Ontario
31
5
1
4
27
21
5
1
8
3
Manitoba, Eastern
5
1
2
1
1
2
' i'
Cariboo B C
2 1
1 1
27 13
a45 2o
1
1
Westminster, B.C .
-
Alberta, Northern, Al'ta
14
22
14
16
"'l'
'2
2
2
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
3
—
Totals cf Al'ta
72 33
36
30
4
2
4
3
3 1
6 2
4 1 1
. . .. 2
1
4
3
1
1
Assiniboia, Western, Saskat
Saskatchewan. Saskat
4
3
2
Totals of Saskatchewan ....
13 1 4
9
8
1
2
1
Totals of Canada
1:H8 I 52
83
66
12
5
2
14
7
Prince, P.E.I
<iueen's, P.E.I
3
10
1
2
"2
3 !
8
3
6
1
"i
2
7
;■
Annapolis, N.S
1 !
2 1
1
2
1
2
Antigonish, N.S
a 3, Nolle prosequi.
STATISTIQUE C RIMIN ELLE— 1 9 0 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
107
Tableau
I.
Delits sans violence contre la propriete.
Classe hi.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
'■
ans
ans
A vie
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
ries.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
gants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
Ube-
cmq.
me.
rales.
Larcin.
Vol de chevaux,
betail et moutons---i^m.
1
t i
1 1 1... .
1
]
2
3
1
....
2
1 i
al
a2
' ■ ■ '
ai
1
1
1
' "l"
1
2"
1
3
1
2
1
1
y'
"i
1
1
"'2'\:. :. ;
al
al
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
a2
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
"l
2
'"'i'
3
2.
::::; .:::':
ai
" i
5
.. . 1
5
1
1
9
.s ! 1
2
1
17
9
1
15
4 [
1
4
5
1
1
:
1
3 1
9 ; 6
r ■ ■ ' '
1
...- 1 1
' .' ' '
a8
^2
'"7
"1
.... 1 ....
. . . .^.^ .
'...' 11
12
7
10
7
1
11
.... 11
I
....i 1
1
1
1
' ' rti' fei
1
1
2 1 !'...'_
3
1
13
23
... ''
2
22
14
2
2
1
24
21
1 36
I
1
ci
"'i'
i
1
2
1
3
. . - . . i . ...
. . 8
]
2
2
a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. b To pay costs and delivery of calf — A payer les frais
et a remettre le veau. c Bound to be of a good behaviour — Pris I'engagement de tenir unenieilleure con-
duite.
108
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against property without %'iolence.
Class hi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
Un-
able to
read
Ele-
or
write.
men-
tary.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
Inca- Ele-
pable [ men- Irieure
de lire taire. |
ou d'e-
crire.
AGES.
Under 16 years 21 years '
16 and I and '< 40 years
years, under 21. under 40. and over.
Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans
de et moins et moins et plus.
16 ans. I de 21. de 40.
Not
given.
Non-
donne.
F M.
f! h.
F. |M.
— i —
F. i H.
F. IM.
F. i H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
USE OF
LIQUORS.
USAGE DE
LIQUEURS
Im-
Mo- mo-
de- de-
rate rate
Mo- Im-
dere mo-
dere
Horse, cattle and sheep stealing-
Concluded
Ottawa, Que
1
1
1
St. Frangois, Que
j I
—
3
-1
Totaux de Quebec
3
1 -2
1
"i'
1
—
Brant, Ont
1
1
4
1
'" i
1
1
3
1
Essex, Ont
1
1
Grey, Ont
2
1
Huron, Ont
,.
Kent, Ont
......
1
Lambton, Ont
1
1
Oxford, Ont
1
1
1
1
Peel, Ont
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
Peterborough, Ont
1
1
Renfrew, Ont
1
3
1
1
Simcoe, Ont
...
1
2 9.
Victoria, Ont . .,
1
Waterloo, Ont
1
Welland. Ont
2
1
2
2
Wellington, Ont
Wentworth. Ont
1
. . ..
"2
7
1
3
14
4
1
1
1
York, Ont
5
^4"
1
1
1
4
—
Totaux d'Ontario
■I, ^1
1
11
-
Manitoba, Est
.5 i
1
4
Manitoba, Ouest
\ ' ' ' '
-
—
1
Caribou, Col.-B
1
Westminster, Col.-B
■
1
—
•
14
—
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta
Alberta, Slid, Al'ta
10
12
3
16
3
21
21
1
-
Totaux d 'Alberta
10
12
3
16
3
14
2
4
3
9
27
1
Assiniboia, Est, Saskat , .
Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat
Saskatchewan, Saskat
-
Totaux de Saskatchewan..
—
10
40
4
—
39
Totaux du Canada
15 42
2
IS
Larceny.
Prince, I. du P.-E
2
8
1
2
5
1
2
"1"
3
Queen's, I. du P.-E
8
—
Annapoli.", N.-E
1
2
1
1
1 ....
A ntigonish, N.-E
1
2 ....
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1 905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
109
T.^BLEAU I.
Delits sans violence centre la propriete.
Dlassk in.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
S
5
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch.of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
:S
h
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
Eng-
land.
tho-
byte-
rians.
miT- a
>-
Eng-
ses-
lics.
dists
tions.
i
Q
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
c
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
—
^
■g
AVales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H
—
—
—
Au-
{xjsses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
-a
oo .
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
thoh-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
a
e3
Q^
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
nens.
fes-
EC
-^g
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions .
•^
^f!
Oalles
gers.
ques.
D
Pi
Vol de chevaux
, betail et moutons-
-Fin.
! 1
1
1 : . .
;
1
,
!
3
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
t
3
1
i'
"'i'
""i'
1
1
' i
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
' i'
1
' i
"i
"'i'
....
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
"2
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
"2
"'1'
3
"2
....
'2
1
•
1
1
2 1 '
••■■ i
2
2
1
5 1
5 1 1
16 1
1
3
5
7 , 3
5
1
1
16 10
1
" i'
1
...
4 . ... 1
4
" i
1 5
1
1 1
1
1
i i
■ .
2
' 1
13'
""2
"2
'"'2': '3
2 14
3
1
21
2 2 14
3
1 ...
13
2I 1 2
2
3
1 21
V _ . _ J
"i
1
'.'■.;;...;'.
1 _ _
1
1
. .
....
'
1
22
!
7 1 • 3 ! 37 5 i 6
... 3
13 ''. 3
9
3 .5
19
■I2
Larcin.
110
CRIMIISIAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against property without violence.
Cl.\ss III.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MIT fED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE
A ETB COMMISE.
Number
of
Charges
Nombre
d 'accu-
sations.
Ac-
quit-
ted.
Ac-
quit-
tes.
M. F
De-
tained
for
Lu-
nacy.
De-
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
CONVICTIONS.
COND AMN A TI ONS.
Con- Con-
victed victed Reit'^
1st. < 2nd. rated,
Total. I
Con- Con- Plus
dam- dam- de 2
nes nes irecidi-
une deux i ves.
fois. fois
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
EMPRISOXNi:S.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou I'a-
ni'nde
No Option.
Sans option.
Un- I One
der year
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un I an et
an. ] plus.
Larceny — Continued.
Cape Breton, N.S . .
Colchester, N.S. .
Cumberland, N.S. .
Digby, N.S....^..
Guysborough, N.S
Halifax, N.S
Hants, N.S
Inverness, N.S. . . .
King's, N.S. ...
Lunenburg, N.S. . .
Pictou, N.S
Queen's, N.S
Shelburne, N.S...
Yarmouth, N.S . .
Totals of Nova Scotia.,
Carle ton, N.B.
Gloucester, N.B
King's, N.B
Madawaska, N.B
Northumberland, N.B.
Queen's, N.B
St. John, N.B
Victoria, N.B
Westmoreland, N.B. . .
York, N,B ......
20
7
12
3
5
102
3
1
10
6
11
6
6
18
213
42
Totals of New Brunswick .
Arthabaska, Que ...
Beauce, Que
Beauharnois, Que . . .
Bedford, Que .
Chicoutimi, Que, . .
Iberville, Que
Joliette, Que
Kamouraska, Que . . .
Montmagny, Que . . .
Montreal, Que
Ottawa, Que
Pontiac, Que
Quebec, Que
Richelieu, Que
Rimouski, Que
Saguenay, Que ....
St. Francis, Que. ...
St. Hyacinthe, Que
Terrebonne, Que . . .
Three Rivers, Que.
Totals of Quebec .
2
5
6
13
1
7
3
2
1
851
20
1
112
9
27
1
40
6
5
21
14
22
16.5
1,130 1.53
10
2m, 2f
Im
64
1
4
6
11
1
7
3
2
1
744
18
■ 87
9
20
1
.27
3
.5
16
141
61
10
18
12!
966
1
4
5
6
1
7
3
2
1
546
15
721
5
5
2
29
121
1
170
104 I 141
186
25
1
4
3
3
1
6
3
1
1
c342
14
471
12
a 1, c 6, Both jail and fine— La prison et I'amende.
jures ne se sont pas accordes et le prisonnier est libere.
b Jury disagreed and prisoner discharged— Les
STATISTIQUE CRI MINELLE— 1 9 05. Ill
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableau
I.
Delits sans violence contre la
propriete.
ClASSE III.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Kive
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
■
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Dpux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
ries.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
cants.
triels
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cmq.
me.
rales.
Larcin — Suite.
2
"4'
al
. . . . _
2
"" i'
5
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
7
.
:.:
2
5
34
8
a2
aki'
"1
1
2
■■■'8
"ii'
""i'
8
" "i
1
G 61
'12
1
... . 3
3 70
1
1
...
1
6
1
"'h'
5
"1
1
cl
a2
a2
' i'
"1
1
1
"i
1
... .
.1
9
6
8
1
1
al
al
3
1
1
1
1
6
1
8
(
22 ' 1 .
20
51 3 16
15
17
1
63 ■ 18
3
130
1
2 1
1
3
i
::;:.:!:::::"
1 i -t
"i'
""%
'aY,hb,di,e\
. . .
"1
i
' "6
2
1
' "i' " 26
9
2
3 1 ....
14
90
1
2
2
1
1
12 2
8
16
4
5 ?> 1
25 14
1 49
1
1
4
1
7
4
3
3
3
a5
2
9
1
1
5
6
1
2
1
2
1
1 1
1
26
1
51
ol37, 69
8
158
28
146
4
3
229 160
10 8
20
564
10
6
1
6
a24
3
20
8
18
4
26
3
5
14
6
67
4
7
1
1
1
18
6
a4
ai'
1
1
2
22
2
5
10
■■■ 4"
4
'"1
23
2
1
1
1
3
11
45
1
71 1 180 ! 17
183
37
175
7
331
199
27
729
a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. 6 For five charges — Pour cinq accusations.
c Bound to be of good behaviour — Pris I'engagement detenirune meilleure conduite. d Parents agree
to look after them — Les parents s'engagent a les surveiller. r Sent back to England— Renvoye en An-
terre.
112
CRIMINAL S T A T I S T I C S — 1 9 0 5 .
5-6 EDWARD VII.,, A. 1906,
Table i.
Offences against property without violence.
Class hi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CI AIRES OU L' OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
Un-
able to i
read
write.
Ele-
men-
tary.
Inca- Ele-
pable men-
ds lire! taire.
oud'e-
crire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
AGES.
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16 ans.
16 years
and
under 21.
16 ans
et moins
de21.
21 years
and
under 40.
21 ans
et moins
de40.
40 years Not
and over, given.
40 ans
et plus.
Non-
donne.
USE OF
LIQUORS.
USAGE DB
LIQUEURS
Mo-
de-
Im-
mo-
de-
rate rate
Mo-
dere
Im-
mo-
dere
-
Larceny — Continued.
Cap-Breton, N.-E
Colchester N -E
7
3
7
2
1
71
1
2
5
2
3
1
4
1
"i'
1
2
I
6
2
. 3
69
1
1
9
6
2
2
3
7
125
2
1
2
4
3
Di"-by N -E
2
1
2
Guysborough, N -E
is'
29"
1
"i"
2
28
"2"
2
3
"e'
1
Halifax, N.-E
6
5
Hants N.-E . . ,
1
1
9
2
8
9
Lunenburg, N.-E
Pictou N -E.
4
2
1
"i'
1
2
6
1
2
3
6
Queen's, N.-E
2
1
2
2
7
2
1
5
Yarmouth N -E
3
1
2
—
Totaux de la N.-Ecosse. . . .
18
126
2 35
-
47
3
....
51
2
2
10
6
11
18
2
King's, N.-.B
4
3
1
4
St Jean N -B
8
21
1
20
2
12
••
4
6
1
13
1
2
5
17
12
1
Westmoreland, N.-B
York, N.-B
6
3
3
1
2
5
12
2
14
Totaux du N. -Brunswick . .
14
50
15
-
8
1
26
4
11
-
37
27
Arthabaska, Que
Beauce, Que
Beauhamois, Que
Bedford, Que .
""'l'
"3
1
3
3
8
1
4
1
5
2
3
9
0
4
4
"i'
'1"
1
9'
1
1
Iberville, Que
Joliette, Que . . .
Kamouraska, Que
'i
6
2
2
6
1
1
2
2
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
Montreal, Que
81
660
12
3
6
125
5
173
6
8
324
8
35
71
4
3
354
4
,390
14
22
2
9
62
3
7
'7*
i
25
6
4
3
40
1
6
3
8
"'1'
1
"2
1
1
49
4
17
38
Richelieu, Que , .
Rimouski, Que
3
2
St. Frangois, Que
St. Hyacinthe, Que
9
18
2 ....
4 .. .
8
4
16
1
4
14
432
1
6
1
15
2
5
14
483
V?
"i'
1
6
1
9
-"
1
8
1
9.
6
221
11
39
93
Totaux de Quebec
137
806 12
149
472
STATISTIQUE CRI MINELLE — 1 9 05
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
113
Tableaux
I.
Delits
sans V
iolence centre la propriete
ClASSE III.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSAXCE.
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Other
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
CD
-2
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
S
•s
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Fos-
ses-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
Eng-
land.
byte-
rians.
mina-
tions.
;>
X
Eng-
lics.
dists
1
Q
land Ire-
Scot-
States
ions.
Pro-
s
1
and land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
—
^
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H
— —
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
T3
X .
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
^.
Q^
terre Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
nens.
fes-
CO
et lande.
se.
stran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
^r^
Galles
gers.
ques.
5
P5
LiSLrcin— Suite.
' '2
"b
5
3
9
2
4
52
}
5
6
7
2
3
V
i
1
2
"2
3
3
2
9
3
6
1
1
1
3
2
2
38
3 r
2
3
"2
5
•i
3
2
"lO
"23"
1
1
5
"3
""2
1
71
3
7
1
1
1
1
2
'5'
'"'5'
4
8
"3
6
1
4
" i
3
3
3
""2
2
1
"i
4
2
1
■■3'
1
. . . .
2
2
3
3
2'
3
11
2
G
110
5
0
7
10
61
29
11"
15
12
4
119
1
29
2
1
. ..
1
1
1
"4
'
1
1
2
1
1
3
2
1
25
1
22
2
.... 1 1
".'.'.'.'. '" 3
3
15
6
2
3
29
1
1
1
7
2
11
3
2
1
4
18
2
8
3
1
56
. . 4
12
28
U
4
5
2
4
51
13
1
1
4
9
1
5
3
2
1
680
18
599
18
1
1
2
1
2 . ...
1
1
4
2
2 ...
3
. . .
4
3
8
2
2
1
. . . . .
4
2
1
695
9
3
h'
■■"2'
1
13
"13
' "i'
"3
26
1
1
37
85
* . . .
10
25
16
45
9
1
3
1
77
7
20
1
18
2
5
16
1
5
73
7
20
1
17
2
5
15
2
"3
"i'
8
"' 7"
4
73
3
3
"20'
2
ii'
14
4
" "3
""5
.....
17
5
5
45
13
3
871
25
19
1
3
782
95
11
26
35
24
827
127
17—8
114
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against property without violence.
Class hi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
« quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
SENTENCK
COMMITTEn TO JaIL
EmPRISON'NES.
Total.
Con- I Con-
Aricted victed Reite-
1st. 2nd. rated.
Con-
aarc-
nes
une
fois.
Con- Plus
dam- j de 2
nes recidi-
deux
fois.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
OU I'a-
m'nde
No OPTION.
Sans option.
Un- One
der year
one ■ and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. ' plus.
Larcenj' — Continued.
Algoma & Manitoulin, Ont
Brant, Ont
Bruce, Ont
Carleton, Ont
Duff erin. Ont ....
Elgin, Ont
Essex, Ont
Frontenac, Ont
Grej% Ont
Haldimand, Ont
Halton. Ont
Hastings, Ont
Huron, Ont
Kent, Ont
Lanibton, Ont
Lanark, Ont
Leeds and Grenville, Ont. .
Lennox and Addington, Ont ....
Linfoln, Ont
Middlesex, Ont
Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont
Nipissing, Ont
Norfolk, Ont
Northumberland & Durham, O..
Ontario, Ont
Oxford, Ont . .
Peel, Ont
Perth, Ont
Peterbori jugh, Ont
Prescott and Ru.-;sell, Ont
Prince Edward, Ont
Renfrew, Out
Simcoe, Ont
Stormont, D'das & Glengarry, O.
Thunder Bay & Rainy River, O.
Victoria, Ont
Waterloo, Ont
Welland, Ont
Wellington, Ont
Wentworth. Ont
York, Ont
39
113
11
146
1
29
4S
27
28
11
9
39
11
a57
41
9
34
6
22
80
12
52
16
19
12
14
10
66
57
4
1
11
36
16
54
7
48
24
18
145
1,115
Totals of Ontario .
Manitoba, Central. .
Manitoba, Eastern.
Manitoba, Western.
2,498
680
23
4
346
44
42
9
Totals of Manitoba .
411
4
9
1
9
4
6
52 9
351 52
80
57 I 7
33
97
7
121
1
15
45
21
16
25
8
25
31
8
29
3
18
60
12
43
8
15
11
12
8
41
42
4
1
8
28
12
45
6
39
18
12
84
712
27
72
6
83
1
13
39
18
11
3
3
21
6
23
23
8
23
3
12
42
12
42
8
9
11
9
8
38
29
4
1
7
16
9
42
6
34
18
6
58
614
10
72
1,737 1,418 192
127
19 17
298 , 221
30 , 29
1
33
1
1
44
347
267
35
45
81
19
345
101 687
89
33
113
a One escaped before trial — Un sest evade avant son proces.
STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE — 1 9 05
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
115
TiBLEAU
I.
Delits sans
violence centre la propriete
Classe III.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION,
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
P^NITENCIER.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
J-'ive
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar- Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
•cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried. do wed Single
five.
over.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
— — —
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma- En Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
ries. veu- ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
9ants.
trielg.
sions
liers.
vage. taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cmq
me.
rales.
'La.Tcin— Suite.
1
"4
■■■3
a4
a29, 61
a2
a42
al
a4, 61, c5
al7
a4, dl, el
a2, el
a3
al
afi, 66, el
a4
a7, 63
al6, el
a5
al8
al
a8
a29
«7
al2
a4
a3, cl
a4
al
a5
o26
a22, 65, /2
"i
2
13
i
2
22
4
1
16
2
37
1
15
12
41
2
44
8
12
5
18
•1
20
85
"'l'
..,..
1
94
1
1
1
4
"5'
3
"'1'
7
21
15
7
3
3
13
1
7
20
4
14
3
7
20
5
29
2
2
3
8
3
15
12
1
2
7
4
2
2
""5"
2
8
7
2
7
1
2
15
1
6
2
2
3
1
2
5
1
3
■■■ 2
2
"1
12
1
36
1
17
1
1
1
5
2
"2
4
12
2
2
6
5
1
■■■4"
2
2
1
2
1
.1
"3
'2
"i
""1
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
8
""6
""2
3
I
6
5
1
1
1
9
1
1
. . .
....
19
6
2
16
1
24
6
20
1
2
1
1
4
1
' 3
3
1
2
18
1
5
■"'5'
"i'
4
3
15
6
42
6
33
2
1
2
7
"3
11
9
8
■
6
2
2
1
4
39
37
3
1
1
' 'i'
1
1
3
1
1
2
"is'
82
a3
ao
«4
a20, 62, cl
a2
a30
ab, cl
nb
a38
a233
1
""i
""2
4
2
""2
3
11
5
24
3
2
■"■■ e'
2
4
2
5
16
142
3
23
12
35
.S
1
2
5
40
i
1
4
19
5
6
15
n
6
...^.
1 ' ....
4
8
18
8 1 40
27 1 371
66
547
^fi
14
131
665
33
137
86
168
2 808
314
27
1,317
a3
a98, 64
a4
5
5
2
4
63
5
1
10
2
"27
4
6
... , 148
. . 12
4
75
5
"ii'
15
51
1
1
7
212
18
51
1 j
7
109
12
72
13
31
166
84
11
245
a Sentence .suspended — Sentence .suspendue. 6 Bound to be of a good Ijehaviour— Engagement de
tenir une meilleure conduite. c Acquitted having made restitution — Acquittes, ayant fait restitution.
d Whipped with consent of parents — Fouette avec le consentement des parents. e Handed over to
Children Aid Society— Mis entre les mains de la Societe de Secours. / Fathers undertaking to punish
boys — Les peres devant punir les enfants.
17-81
116
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against property without violence.
Class hi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
AGES.
t
n.
1-
le.
USE cy
LIQUORS.
USAGE DB
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Un-
able to
read
or
write.
Inca-
pable
de lire
ou d'e-
crire.
Ele-
men-
tary.
Ele-
men-
oaire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16 ans.
16 years
and
under 21.
16 ans
et moins
de21.
21 years
and
under 40.
21 ans
et nioins
de40.
40 years
and over.
40 ans
et plus.
No
give
Noi
donr
Mo-
de-
rate
Mo-
dere
Im-
mo-
de-
rate
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
M.
H.
F
F
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F
F
Im-
mo-
dere
Larceny— Continued .
Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont. . . .
Brant, Ont
Bruce, Ont
Carleton, Ont
Dufferin, Ont
Elgin, Ont
Essex, Ont
Frontenac, Ont
Grey, Ont
Haldimand, Ont
Halton. Ont
Hastings, Ont
Huron, Ont
Kent. Ont
Lambton, Ont
Lanark, Ont
Leeds et Grenville, Ont
Lennox et Addington, Ont . . . .
Lincoln, Ont
Middlesex, Ont
Muskoka et Parry Sound, O.. . .
Nipissing, Ont
Norfolk, Ont
Northumberl'd et Durham, O. . .
Ontario, Ont
Oxford, Ont
Peel, Ont
Perth, Ont
Peterborough, Ont
Prescott et Russell, Ont
Prince-Edouard, Ont
Renfrew, Ont
Simcoe, Ont
Storm't, D'daset Gleng'ry,0. . .
Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv.,Ont . .
Victoria, Ont
Waterloo, Ont
Welland, Ont
Wellington, Ont ,
Wentworth, Ont
York, One
Totaux d'Ontario
Manitoba, Centre.
Manitoba, Est . . .
Manitoba, Ouest . .
Totaux de Manitoba.
98
67
17
90
6
99
1
14
41
19
12
8
5
24
8
22
27
8
22
3
15
51
1
32
7
15
11
11
8
41
37
3
1
5
25
8
26
4
18
9
8
75
683
1,520
12
236
255
12
32
1 I
23
20
1
5
7
2
2
"i'
8
4
2
4
"2
7
2
"3'
5
1
1
U
20
1
"2
3
4
13
2
2
5
1
18
120
310
39
9
14
1
5
2
1
2i
38
4
23
3
6
87
1
4
2
1
2
27
7
39
7
15
4
94
1
13
4
....
■"5'
i'
16
1-
16
4
1
23
4
"i'
11
6
4
'7'
4
5
2
3
3
3
1
1
2
1
5
6
1
4
i
20
2
3
1
0
4
3
1
11
1
4
1
21
1
16
4
5
1
18
2
4
0
2
10
2
10
3
9
....
"f)'
1
21
1
13
15
2
26
1
9
39
1
3
1
4
i
2
8
29
3
3
8
1
2
1
8
"i'
. 1
1
7
12
2
5
1
1
• 3
6
2
2
1
1
2
4
1
i
6
2
10
15
35
5
1
11
2
i
4
1
31
1
i
1
1
2
2
1
5
4
16
3
2
5
5
3
7
2
19
1
3
1
33
1
1
1
1
3
5
10
2
20
14
1
4
1
1
8
2
6
2
1
«
8
15
34
1
7
1
68
16
153
22
25]
41
62
30
17
600
32
366
41
636
62
171
35
80.
4
1260
1
10
1
6
9
3
50
7
161
5
30
i
3
278
5
2
13
1
9
~
8
295
3
56
9
134
5
32
1
18
10
6
27
' i"
21
17
9
5
4
4
4
4
2
5
21
'33'
4
2
6
11
3
"i'
20
5
5
3
3
15
92
387
3
20
2
25
STATISTIQUE C RIMIN ELLE — 1 905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
117
Tableau i.
Delits sans violence centre la propriete.
ClASSB III.
BIRTH PLACES.
—
RELIGIONS.
RESI-
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
"
DENCE.
British Isles.
Other
Other
( _
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
^
-2
Iles Britanniqces.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
a
■c.
Uni-
Coun-
Pos-
Bap-
tho-
Eng-
tho-
byte-
mina-
>
Eng-
ted
tries.
ses-
tists.
lics.
land.
dists
rians,
tions.
1
S
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
c
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
tes-
^
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
fi
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
-c
i3
Angle
Etats-
tre&
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An
tho-
byte-
con-
c
ri^
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
nens.
fes-
s
'S ^
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
ti 3
Galles
gers.
ques.
^
;i
Larcin — Suite,
3
' 1
1
2
22
86
4
97
1
13
31
14
11
7
4
21
6
24
22
7
22
2
12
53
2
34
7
14
6
7
6
41
36
2
1
3
21
12
25
5
15
8
9
72
498
1
4
1
4
"u
2
1
4
"11
1
20
13
■■72'
3
4
......
I
3
4
2
2
3
4
3
3
3
3
6
2
5
1
58
1
22
"io'
4
1
"9"
" "i'
"3'
5
' "i'
21
86
"ii4"
1
10
33
18
11
5
4
22
6
16
29
5
22
3
14
58
8
12
11
10
2
35
33
2
1
3
20
6
.27
3
15
7
8
83
694
9
4
2
* 2
n
7
7
7
1
1
1
7
10
1
6
4
19
9
2
1
11
3
2
3
3
3
2
1
4
2
3
6
1
11
10
2
9
I
1
1
6
■'io'
'"2
3
11
15
2
""2
'" i'
2
2
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
8
2
6
3
1
8
1
8
9
3
26
"1'
6
2
I
5
2
""4
4
9
12
1
4
5
6
5
" '6
3
1
1
2
4
3
2
10
7
1
1
3
.....
1
1
... ^.
9
3
2
2
""]'
1
1
" 1
' i
J
2
1
2
7
3
3
-I
"4
2
"1
""2
'3
""2
"'1'
2
1
1
4
' i'
3
"8
11
1
■42'
1
2
4
2
4
1
"'"'i
1
1
3
14
1
2
1
1
"2
1
"3
1
1
1
'"'"i
i'
■■■ i
"i
1
y
""2
1
6
6
4
1
9
2
' '2
5
" 1
1
"2
1
6
1
5
1
5
""1
19
110
1
3
1
5
• 2
4
10
9
1
— i-
4'
"'2'
1
"9'
7
2
1
■■3'
19
6
2
5
2
1
"si'
i
13
3
2
2
4
27
142
1
3
5
14
284
"2
1
18
117
8
3
2
3
3
99
5
26
1
23
■4'
2
13
....^.
152
40
25
1,283
85
64
4
32
444
418
279
217
178
54
1,492
172
1
10
70
8
2
15
1
5
130
1
'"'1'
3
137
3
2
79
7
3
21
4
2
18
3
"14'
4
28
2
2
259
20
17
63
8
13
2
7
1
39
5
72
15
8
88
18
1.36
' 1
143
88
28
23
14
34
281
61
118
Table i.
CRIMINAL ST ATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Offences against property without violence.
Class hi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con-
victed
1st.
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
Con-
victed Reite-
2nd. rated.
Con- I Plus
dam- ; de 2
nes recidi
deux
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprisonn^s.
fois.
With i
! the [
option
' ofa I
fine. .
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
! son I
j ou I'a- 1
m'nde
No Option.
Sans option
One
Un-
der year
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
L
arcei
ly-
—Concluded.
Cariboo, B.C. ....
3
122
»,34
40
29
228
2
39
1
8
1
51
1
76
32
31
28
1
75
27
27
22
1
4
2
4
2
2
""2
45
24
10
626
Vancouver, B. C
Victoria, B. C . . .
7
i
8
2
2
2
10
2
Westminster, B.C
Yale, B.C
1
2
Totals of British Columbia. .
168
152
11
0
2
105
15
Alberta, Northern, Al'ta
86
45
30
15
54
30
52
28
2
2
44
23
7
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
2
Totals of Alberta
131
100
88
62
250
45
40
19
36
95
84
80
4
67
9
Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat
Assiniboia, Western, Saskat
58
69
26
52
60
25
5
7
1
1
2
"i
50
c49
23
1
6
Saskatchewan, Saskat
2
1
Totals of Saskatchewan
153
137
13
3
1
122
7
Yukon
39
23
15
12
2
1
1
9
Totals of Canada
5,007
ITO
119
3m, 2f
3,710
2,998
382
330
379
1,647
167
Larceny from dwelling houses.
Hastings, Ont
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
""1"
1
Northumberland & Durham, 0 . . .
i
Manitoba, Central
'
Yale. B.C...
1
1
—
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
1
1
1
—
Yukon ....
5
5
2
2
1
4
—
Totals of Canada
11
1
10
6
2
2I
2
4
Larceny from the person.
Cape Breton, N.S
Halifax, N.S
2
3
"i'
1
1
2
1
1
"i
1
St. John, N.B
2
2
1
1
21
1
3
1
28
2
2
1
York, N.B
-
!
Bedford, yue
Iberville, Que
"i
16
1
1
1
'1'
6
1
1
1
'" 3
7
rf7
Montreal, Que
4
1
2
Quebec, Que
"'i'
I
St. Francis, Que
2
St. Hyacinthe, Que .,
7
1
Totals of Quebec
20
10
3
7
9
3
a 1, Nolle prosequi. h One, both jail and S50 — JJn, la prison et S50.
f 4, jail and S191 in all— 4, la prison et S191 en tout, d Jail and S'25 — La prison et .$25.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
119
Tableau
I.
Uelits sans violence centre la propriete.
ClASSE III.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
I'ive
D'th.
tories
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cial-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
De
En-
Autres
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
at
et
vie.
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
pluj.
de Re-
tevirs.
9ants.
trials.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
forme.
libe-
cinq.
rales.
Larcin — Fin.
1
al
«11, d2
a2
a\
" i'
19
9
8
"i
10
4
1
3
"i
1
18
8
16
10
1
6
2
1
2
3
7
8
7
1
3
3
1
10
■ ?,
21
7
19
2
5
20
1
36
1
18
53
25
22
85
3
3
1
""l
!
8
3
2
4
al
10
"
1
4
1
■ ■•! 1
8
5
10
1
1
1
a4
a2
rt3
"9
4
" "5"
1
11
D
1
5
1
1 4
20
5
12
1
1
9
6
6
4
13
6
25
1
a3, 61
3
1
2
2
3
9
196
22 : 243
1,056
81
459
ISti
418
14
1,472 ;
668
91
2,610
Vol dans de?
maisons habitees.
1 1
"i
i'
1
al
1
1
1
1
al
1
1
1
1
1
1
•
1
al
. . 3
2
3
2
1 1
3
; 5
1 1 2
1
4
6
Vol sur la personne.
1
1
1
-— -
1
1
2
1
1
1
i
,
1
1
1
'6
1
g'
3
1
4
1
a2
3
^
7
^....., _ 1 .....
1
1
1
al
4
!
1
3 ' ! 3 , 1 5 ! 7
c-,
3 !
10
a Sentence suspended —Sentence suspendue. b Bound to be rtf a good behaviour — Engagement de
tenir une meilleure conduite. c WTiipped with consent of parents — Fouettes avec le consentement des
parents.
120
CRIMINAL S T A T I S T I C S — 1 9 0 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against property without violence.
Class hi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IS WHICH
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
AGES.
USE OF
LIQUORS.
USAGE DB
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM
MITTEI).
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Un-
able to
read
or
write.
Inca-
pable
de lire
oud'e-
crire.
Ele-
men-
tary.
Ele-
men-
taire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16 ans.
16 years
and
under 21.
16 ans
et moins
de21.
21 years
and
under 40.
21 ans
et moirs
de 40.
40 years Not
and over, given.
40 ans Non-
et plus, donne.
Im-
Mo- mo-
de- de-
rate rate
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
M.
H.
F
F
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F. M.
F. H.
F
F
Mo; Im-
dere mo-
dere
Larceny—
Concluded.
Carilx)u. Col.-B
Vancouver. Col. -B .
Victoria, Col.-B
1
21
3
6
1
16
6
12
11
46
51
18
69
57
45
20
122
'i
1
2
7
i
16
13
17
5
52
2
10
12
■^
27
8
2310
38
22
25
1
1
14 ..
3 ..
3 ..
4
1
1
33
12
11
9
"i'
■■3'
9
9
4
3
i'
1
1
13
14
Yale, Col.-B
14 1
10
Totaux dela Col.-Britann. .
31
99 3 20
—
6
"4"
4
ii'
2
13
....
65
1
6
7
12
4
16
4
'i'
1
25
2
38
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta
2
1
12
"i
1
2
2
"i'
Totaux d Alberta
2
13 ! 1
3
Assiniboia, Est, Sask
Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat
"3
1
"20" "4
5
1
-
?
1
Totaux de Saskatchewan . .
4
25 ! 4
1
1
3
Yukon
10 2 ..
1
729
64
6
1426
1
49
3
358
2
41
1
Totaux du Canada
371
i 2,914 i 59 ' .572
118
346
975
Larceny from
dwelling hot
ises.
Hastings, Ont
Northumberl'd et Durham, 0. . .
1
■• •■
1
...1-- -
1
2
1
1 ....
1
1
—
-
Manitoba, Centre *
—
1
—
1
1
5
10
Yale, Col.-B
1
—
Alberta, Sud., AFta
1
1
—
2
3
1
3
3
—
■V 1
5 ■ ... !....
1
—
2
1
....
—
Totaux du Canada
1
9 1 1....
Larceny from the person.
1
—
1
1
1
TTolifQv V V i ^
1
2
—
O*. Tpan "V -Vi
York, N.-B
1
—
—
Bedford, Que
1
14
1
7
1
1
5
9
. . 3
1
4
3
IT
1
St. Francois, Que
St. Hyacmthe, Que
1
1
1
1
—
1
9
4
Totaux de Quebec
3 16 1 1
4
1
6
.13
STATISTIQUE CHIMIN ELLE— 1 905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
121
Tableau i.
Delits sang violence centre
a propriete.
ClASSE III.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other Other
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
V "8
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
^ 'E
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
Bap-
tists.
Eng-
land.
tho-
byte-
rians.
>• "S
Eng-
ses-
lies.
dists.
tions.
i 1 o
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
c 1 1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
—
> 1 iS
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H -S
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres
Autr's
•V "i .
Angle
Etats
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
i 1 og
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
% ' -^t
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
Galles
gers.
que.
Q -^
Larcin — Fin.
1
1
26
6
7
5
6
3
6
5
"1
1
2
4
5
1
1
11
1
"2'
"3
3
8
2
2
2
2
3
72
24
17
8
121
1
11
11
2
4
"3
4
1
2
12
4
10
4
2
14
2
;; ;;;
4
7
26
11
3
55
20
26 j... .
1
19
13
6
3
13
9
28
:.:::-i:::::-
■"'e'
-4
31 ...
3
"e"
4
2
1
4
2
3
1
6
2
\ 1 «
4
- 3 .. .
1
4
2
3
1
3
6
10
i
8
1
1
...
10
4
2
1
3 -
3
8
3
5
1
5
2
2
15
4
11
2
9
1
14
3
3 . .
3
11
6
7
2
19
13
1
3
3
3 ,. ...
4
2
3
11
3
1
320
83
46
2,'484
166
263 12
63
1,503
665
350
292
259
135
2.934
460
Vol dans
des maisons
habitees.
""2
1
1
1
'.'•'.'. .'.'.'.'.'.
1 1 . ...
1
1
2
1
1
...
1 1
1
.. .., .... 1 1
1
1 :
1 1
^1 i- -1
i
• '!
5
5 . . . .
4
1
5 ....
'>,
1 1 1
1
.... 5
10 1 . .
Vol sur la personne.
j
1
1 . .
1
....j 1 1... .
.... 1 1' 1
i.. .., 1 1 i
1'
i
^
1
1 1
14 1
' 2
.....
1
14
1
1
\
;
, 1 1 18 : i 2
18 i
1
....1 1
19
122
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against property without violence.
Class hi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OtJ L'OFFENSE
A ET6 COMMISE.
Number
of
Charges
Ac-
quit-
ted.
De-
tained
for
Lu-
nacy.
Nombre
d'accu-
sations.
Ac-
quit-
tes.
De-
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M. F.
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con-
victed
1st.
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
Con-
victed
2nd.
Con-
dam-
nes
Reite-
rated.
Plus
de 2
recidi-
SENTENCE.
COMMITl'ED TO JaIL
EMPRISONNilS.
deux ves.
fois.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou I'a-
nie'de
No Option.
Sans OPTION
Un-
der
one
year.
Moins
d'un
an.
Ope
year
and
over.
Un
an et
pins.
Larceny from the
person— Concluded.
Algoma and Manitonlin. Ont
1
1
11
1
5
1
4
2
4
1
1
2
13
l'
6
1
1
1
5
1
3
5
1
2
5
1
1
Elgin, Ont.
Grey, Ont
2
1
3
1
Middlesex, Ont
1
2
1
1
I
1
4
"'i'
1
1
1
1
3
1
"'i'
""V
1
1
"i"
2
1
Oxford Ont ....
3
1
'1
::::
Thunder Bay & Rainy River, 0. . ,
York Ont
1
8
1
1
1
47
25
21
17
2
2
13
3
1
5
1
1
5
1
5
■" i
1
1
1
-
1
Totals of Manitoba
7
1
6
6
1
2
1
3
1
5
"2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Victoria, B.C
Yale, B.C
....
"'1'
2
—
Totals of British Columbia. .
3
3
1
Saskatchewan, Saskat
1
1
1
3
Totals of Canada
97
40
54
39
6
9I
23
10
Stealing registered letters and other
mail matters.
Albert N.B . ..
1
-
... .
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
" i
St. Francis, Que
Three Rivers, Que
1
-
1
4
1
3
3
1
3Iuskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. . .
Oxford Ont
1
1
2
1
1
0
"2
"'"1
1
York Ont
1
-
4
3
a2
14
2
3
. . .j 4
2
1
1
1
1
1
i
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
1
0
'
10
7
1 . .
a 1, Nolle prosequi.*
STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE— 1 9 05 .
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
123
Tableau
1.
Delits sans violence contre la propriete.
ClASSE III.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
_
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
PiNITENCIER.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
— *
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
vo/es
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
^la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
ries.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
5ants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage..
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cinq
me.
rales.
Vol sur la personne — Fin.
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
2
a2
1
3
1
....
1
ol
1
1
1
1
1
1
' ' 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
'.111.
2
3| 1
2
3
12
fi
1
in
1
1
aZ
1
3
1
4
S
1
3
1
2
4
1
1
1
.
1
.... ^.
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
al
8
3
10 1 2
8
1
10
22
14
5
32
Vol de lettres chargees et autres matieres postales.
1
. ._ _
1
1
2
1 ...
2
' "1'
2
1
.. .!
1
1
3
2
1
2
1
1
""2
1
1
al
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
I
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
5
3
4
4
a Sentence suspended— Sentence suspendue.
124
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Offences against property without violence.
Class hi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
AGES.
USE OF
LIQUORS.
USAGE DK
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Un-
able to
read
or
write.
Inca-
pable
dt lire
ou d'e-
crire.
Ele-
men-
ta y.
Ele-
men-
t-iire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16 ans.
16 years
and
under 21.
16 ans
et moins
de21.
21 years
and
under 40.
21 ans
et moins
de40.
40 years
and over.
40 ans
et plus.
Not
given.
Non
donne.
Mo-
de-
rate
iSIo-
dere
Im-
mo-
de-
rate
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMxMISE.
M.
H.
F
F
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F
F
Im-
mo-
dere
Larceny from the
person-
—Concluded.
Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont
Brant Ont
1
1
1
2
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
3
2
3
Elgin, Ont
Grey, Ont
1
1
1
3
1
1
"i'
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
•?
Oxford Ont
1
1
1
1
1-
1
3
7
'a"
Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv., 6. . .
York Ont . ...
1
1
8
"i'
1
5
....
....
-
4
2
5
1
1
2
19
14
5
3
2
••
9,
•
—
3
2
—
3
5
9.
—
Victoria Col -B
1
1
1
1
1
2
Yale Col -B
1
1
—
2
1
1
!
5
1
—
21
Totaux du Canada
6 ; 44
1
1
6
23
6
12
29
Stealing regis terer
letters and other mail matters.
Albert N -B
1 j
-■
1
1
1
1
1
—
Montreal, Que
2
1
1
-
1
2
1 -
1
"i
-
1
Totaux de Quebec
I
2
9
—
1
Muskoka et Parry Sound, 0. . .
Oxford, Ont ....'.
York Ont
■::•
1
"" 2
1
2
2
2
2
i
5
—
1
-^
1
1
-
3
1
—
Alberta Sud Al'ta
1
1
—
Totaux du Canada . .
1 : 7
3
4
1
2
3
STATISTIQUE CR I MIN ELLE — 1 9 05.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
125
Tableau i.
Delits sans violence conti-e la propriete.
Classe III.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Other
Other
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Deno-
©
Iles Britaxniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch.of
Me-
Pres-
mina-
::;
u
Uni-
ted
Onnn
Pos-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
Eng-
land.
tho-
byte-
rians.
>
OD
Eng-
tries.
ses-
lics.
dists
1
Q
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
—
o
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
-2
Wales
nada.-
—
Autr's
tants
Autr's
H
*E
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
con-
TS
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
fes-
c3
^'i
terra
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
sions.
-^s
et
lando
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
-t>
a.ii
Galles
gers.
ques.
o
«
Vol sur la personne — Fii
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
""'i'
3
1
5
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
■'3'
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
4
"i
1
1
1
1
1
....
i
....
1
2
1
17
2
1
2
10
6
1
1 1
20
1
1
■'3
1 '
1 j
1
4
1
1
1 1
2
1
1
1
3
2 . ...
1
1
1
1!
2
5
1
"'i'
1
"i
"i'
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
40
6
3
2
32
7
2
3
2
3
49
3
Vol de lettres chargees et <
iutres
matieres postales.
. . 1 1
1
1
i
2
1
1
2
... .
2
1
1
i
1
'
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
. . .
1
.....
!
1
. ...! 2
1
2
1
1
__
1
3
-
i
I
1
1
1 1 ...
7
. ..
1 i 4
1
1
5
3
126
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Malicious offences against property.
Class fv.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
IK)ur
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Con-
victed
1st.
Con-
victed
2nd.
Total.
Con-
dam -
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
nes
deux
fois.
Reite-
rated.
Plus
de2
recidi-
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprisonn^s.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
eutre
la pri-
son
ou I'a-
m'nde
No Option.
Sans option.
Un- One
der year
one and
year. over.
MoLns Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
Arson.
Cape Breton, N.S
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
Halifax, N.S.
1
2
3
1
2
King's, N.S
1
Totals of Nova Scotia
4
2
2
Gloucester, N.B
St. John, N.B
"i
"1
—
1" ""
Arthabaska, Que
Bedford, Que
1
1
1
1
"i'
1
1
if
Montreal, Que
Ottawa, Que
St. Francis, Que.. .
2
1
1
—
1
Totals of Quebec
8
1
1
2
1
1
o
1
1
2
1
6
2
1
2
1
6
4
1
1 3
2
1
1
Algoma and Manitoulin, Ont
Bruce, Ont
1
1
al
""i
1'
1
1
"1
1
Carleton, Ont
1
i ......
Halton, Ont
Hastings, Ont.
1
Leeds and Grenville, Ont
Lincoln, Ont ...
1
1
Nipissing, Ont
6
" 1
1
1
1
'" i
""i'
1
Northumberland & Durham, Ont..
Peel, Ont
"2'
3
2
Thunder Bay & Rainy River, Ont. .
Wellington, Ont
.Wentworth, Ont
2
1
3
York, Ont
1
... i 3
2
1
1
Totals of Ontario. . . .
31
2
1
1
12
1
1
13
'10
5
3
2
2
Manitoba, Central
1
"' 1
1
......
1
Manitoba, Eastern
Manitoba, Western
• ■
"1
—
1
1
1
3
2
3
i'
1
2
3
1
1
Yale, B.C.
"3
Alberta Northern, Al'ta
::::.i-.-;
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
1
5
1
....
Totals of Canada
64
29
If 1 29
18 1 5 1 6
2
.5
a Threats of arson— Menaces d'incendier.
STATISTIQUE C R 1 MINELLE — 1 90 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
127
Tableau
I.
Dommages malicieux
k la propriete.
Classe IV.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
OCCUPATIONS.
CONDITION
Penitentiary.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
PilNITENCIER.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort.
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.'
gants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cmq.
me.
rales.
Incendie criminel.
1
1
1
2
1'
2
2
1
1
1 1
4
1
1
2 j.. ..
]
2
2
1
1
1
1
1 . 1
1
1
1
""l"
"i
l'
2
1
2
2
!
1
2
1
1
t
" i
1
j
"i
1
1
1
...
1
1
1
1
«1
1
1
1
1
1
1
:: '..i
1
1
1
j 1
1
a6
6
... .
6
al
1
a2
... ^.
■ "3
2
2
10
6
2
1
6
o
1
15
1
1
1
1
j
1
1
. ..
'
1
j
'
j
1 '
2
9
1
10
9
4
1 3 '
8
7
1
21
a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue.
128
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Malicious offences
against property
Class
[V.
EDUCATIONAL
USE OF
STATUS.
LIQUORS.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
—
AGES. '
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DE
IN WHICH
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
Un-
Under
16 years
21 years
able to
16
and
and
40 years
Not
MITTED.
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over.
given.
Im-
or
men-
Supe-
—
—
— •
—
—
Mo-
mo-
—
write.
tary.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
Non-
de-
de-
de
et moins
et moins
et plus.
donne.
rate
rate
DISTRICTS JUDI -
Inca
Ele-
Supe-
16 ans.
de21.
de40.
—
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
pable
men-
rieure
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F
Mo-
Im-
A ETE COMMISE.
de lUe
ud'e-
taire.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
dere
mo-
dere
crire.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F
Arson.
Cap-Breton, N.-E
1
1
'2'
. .
1
Halifax, N.-E
2
1
9
King's, N.-E
1
1
2
....
—
Totaux de la N.-Ecosse
4
2
2
':_
--
'>,
Gloucester, N.-B
St. Jean, N.-B
1 |.. ..
-
1
1
1
1
—
—
Arthabaska, Que
1
Bedford, Que
Montreal, Que
Ottawa, Que
St. Frangois, Que
Terrebonne, Que
1
1
^
2
2
1
—
—
3
Totaux de Quebec
1
2
2
—
—
Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont ....
Bruce, Ont
1
1
1
1
1
Carleton, Ont
1
1
Fi'ontenac, Ont
1
1
1
Halton, Ont
1
1
1
1
Hastings, Ont
1
1
1
Leeds et Grenville, Ont
1
Lincoln, Ont
Nipissing, Ont
1
1
6
1
1
Northumberl'd et Durham, 0. . .
1
2
1
Peel, Ont
4
6
Th'derBayetRainyRiv.,Ont. .
Waterloo, Que ....
1
1
1
Wellington, Ont
Wentworth, Ont
■'3
York, Ont
2
2
1
8
3
11
—
4
3
im
1
1
-
Totaux d'Ontario
1
17
7
Manitoba, Centre
1
Manitoba, Est
Manitoba, Ouest
1
1
1
-
1
—
1
Westminster, Col.-B
1
Yale, Col. -B
—
-
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta
i
Alberta, Sud, Al'ta
1
-
Assiniboia, Est, Saskat
!
Saskatchewan, Saskat
-
-
18
Yukon
5
2
2
27
2
7
13
10
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
129
Tableau i.
Dommages malicieu
X a la
1, propriete.
ClASSE IV.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Deno-
S
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
mina-
^
'u
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
ses-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
Eng-
land.
tho-
byte-
rians.
tions.
f>
^
Eng-
lics.
dists
1
Q
land
I.e-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
—
s
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
^
-2
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
Autr's
H
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
con-
T3
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
fes-
^
QS
terra
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
sions.
M
-^f.
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
•;-
2 s
Galles
gers.
ques.
5
Pi
Incendie criminel.
1
2
1
#
1
1
2
2
1"
1
4
2
1
1
3
1
""l'
,
"1
1
1
1
1
1'
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
3
' i
... ^.
' i
1
1
1
"' 6
'"'i'
1
"i'
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
"l'
.:.:..
I
4
1
"2
1
1
1
6
1
1
3
2
2
2
6
1
3
2
1
2
11
1
5
10
8
1
]
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
2
2
23
1
1
4
5
6
5I .^ . 1
Ifi 1 1.S
17—9
130
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1906
Table i.
Maliciows oflFences against property.
Class iv.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OIJ L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
foUe.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
EMPRISONNis.
Total.
Con- Con-
victed victed Reite
Ist. 2nd. rated,
Con- Con-
dam- I dam-
fois.
nes
deux
fois.
Plus
de2
recidi
ves.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
' Sur
option
I eutre
la pri-
son
jou I'a-
m'nde
No Option.
Sans option.
Un- One
der year
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. , plus.
Malicious injury
to horses, cattle and other wilful damage to property.
Queen's, P.E.I
« i 4
-
4
4
4
Antigonish, N.S
Cape Breton, N. S
CnlrViPstpr N S
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
*
Cumberland, N.S
Halifax, N.S
1
1
1
—
Gloucester, N.B
Kent, N.B
1
1
—
1
',
Arthabaska, Que
Bedford, Que
6
2
2
6
3
.
1
' i
6
2
1
1
2
2
1
2 " "2"
1
1
1
. . . .
1
3
2
Montreal, Que
Ottawa, Que
"2
2
3
St. Francis, Que
1
4
3
... • 1
2
1
Totals of Quebec
23
8
! 14
9 2 3
2
1
1
Brant, Ont
3
3
3
1
1
1
3
1
3
2
2
1
" i'
1
"i
1
i 1
1
Lambton, Ont
Lincoln, Ont
Middlesex, Ont
Northumberland & Durham, Ont..
Perth Ont . •
1
1
1
1
1
1 '
1
2
1
"3'
1
"i
1 ...
1
3
1
2
1
3
1
Peterborough, Ont
Stoi-mont, D'das & Glengary, 0. . .
Victoria, Ont
Welland, Ont
York, Ont
4
1
6
1
"i
1
4
2 '< . .. •■
i ■ 1
6 . . . . 1
i
1
9
1
6
2
1
1
Totals of Ontario
38 1 18
19
18 1 1 ' 7
4
j 1
Manitoba, Central
Manitoba, Eastern
I
6
1 1 1
5 5 ...
1
. n n
6 f>
" 4
2
Westminster. B.C
Yale, B.C
4
6
4 4
1
5 4 1
2
1
7 7
; ;
Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat
Assiniboia, Western, Saskat
9
3
7
9
8
4
3
4
6
5
5 i... .
1
'.'.".'.'.\'.'."."
"3
2
2
3
3
2
I
Yukon
_11'_
2
1 1|
Totals of Canada
144 1 76
65
57 1 4 4 23
IS
3
STATISTIQUE CRl MINELLE — 1 905. 131
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Table AC
I.
Doramages malicieux
a la propriete.
ClASSE IV.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitknciek.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Fi\-e
D'th.
tories
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
d-is-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort.
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
CeU-
et et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'n§
plus.
de
teurs.
9ants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cmq.
me.
rales.
Dommages
malicieux anx ehevaux,
bestiaux et autres dommage
s volontaires a
la propriete.
' 1 " "
i i ^
. . . ' . '
3
4
1
-
1
1
'
1
; •■■•
1
1
1
1
' i
1
".'.'.'.{'.'.'.'.'.
... ^.
" '2
aS
2
1
4
2
ai
4
1
3
i
2
1
6
2
2
10
1
1
1
""i
""i'
' 1
1
. ..
1
al
1
!
1
1
. . . . .
1
1
....
!
"2
. .
1
ai'
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
3 1
a.5i.:: ::
1
2
1 4"
■■ ■ ' 1
1
. ...,...! 7'...;
1 ' 3 ! 2
11 4
1 14
1
1
,
1
4
ao
5
1
1
2
! 3
3
2
3
2
i
ai .
5
1 4
..
" i'
1
3
2
9.
2
2
1
2
"• ■"
1
_.__ 1
20 11
6 -S fi 1
29
17
4 -f-i
a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue.
17— 9i
132
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Malicious offences
against property
Class
[V.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
AGES
USE OP
LIQUORS.
USAGE DE
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Un-
able to
read
or
write.
Inca-
pable
de lire
oud'e-
crire.
Ele-
men-
tary.
EM-
men-
taire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16 ?ns.
16 years
and
under 21.
16 ans
et moins
de21.
21 years
and
under 40.
21 ans
et moins
de40.
40 years
and over.
40 ans
et plus.
Not
given.
Non-
donne.
Mo-
de-
rate
Mo-
dere
Im-
mo-
de-
rate
CIAIRES Otj L' OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE
M.
H.
F
F
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F
F
Im-
mo-
dere
Malicious injury to horses, cattle and other wilful damage to property.
Queen's, I. du P.-E
4
4
4
—
—
Antigonish, N.-E
Cap-Breton, N.-E
Colchester, N,-E
Cumberland, N.-E
Halifax, N.-E
1
1
1
....
—
.
-^
—
Gloucester, N. -B
Kent. N.-B
-
_::,_■
1
::ii
•
—
Arthabaska, Que
1
1
Bedford, Que
Gaspe, Que ,
1
3'
1
3
....
3'
2
1
Montreal, Que
()
1
3
Ottawa, Que
1
2
Richelieu, Que
St. Frangois, Que
3
1
4
1
3
-
2
5
' 1'
1
4
-
6
Totaux de Quebec
5
9
3
S
—
Brant, Ont
1
....
Carleton, Ont
1
Hastings, Ont
1
Kent. Ont
Lambton, Ont
i
1
1
1
1
Lincoln. Ont
1
1
1
Middlesex, Ont
1
Northumberl'd et Durham, 0. . .
Perth. Ont
1
3
1
1
6
"i
"2
1
1
1
3
Peter L>orough, Ont
Stonii't, D'dasetGlengarry,0. .
Victoria, Ont
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Welland, Ont
1
1
3
1
York. Ont
1
5
, 4
8
1
4
"I
1
1
-
6
13
1
5
—
Totaux d 'Ontario
2 17
1
ft
Manitoba, Centre
1
Manitoba, Est
5
1
-
-
Vancouver. Col.-B
Westminster, Col.-B
.S
1
—
3
.5
1
2
5
1
2
2
9,
Yale. Col.-B
o ....
-
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta
Alberta, Sud, Al'ta
Assiniboia, Est, Saskat
Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat
Saskatchewan, Saskat
3
2
3
2
4
i'
... .
1
"i
2
2
37
1
8
. ..
1'
2
Yukon
2
4
-
12
2
Totaux du Canada
11
51
3
1
2
..
42
22
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
133
Tableau i. Dommages nialicieux a la propriete.
Dlasse IV.
BIRTH PLACES.
—
RELIGIONS.
RESI-
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
DENCE.
British Isles.
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
00
Iles Britaxniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
u
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
ses-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
lics.
Eng-
land.
h ho-
dists.
byte-
rians.
>
1
Eng-
tions.
a
lard
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
a
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
^
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H
'u
—
—
—
Avi-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
'V
"So
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
^
as
terra
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
-n
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
.2
u 3
GaUes
gers.
ques.
O
X
Dommages mahcieux aux ehevaux, bestiaux et autrss dommages volontaires a la propriete.
1
4
■
4
4 ...
1
1
;
.... 1
1
1
1
...: T'i
1
!
i
j
1
1
j
1
1
1
1
4
2
1
6
2
2
6
2
I
4
1
4
1
3
14
12
2
7
'
i
1
1
^
1
1
"'i' '.'.'.'.
1
" i
1
1
1"
4
1
■■3'
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
2
'
1
2 1
1
.. .^
6
1
'
2
16
1 ...
■ ■••
9
5 2
2
.... 16
3
■
1
1
1
5
5
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1 3
1
4
"4
1
1
4
1
'i !
2
■"
2
2
1
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
H . . . ! 2 1 .37
10 9
' 31 1
11 6 !
4
4
8 '
38
27
134
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD Vil., A. 1906
Table i.
Forgery and oflFences against the currency.
Class v.-
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE
Number
of
Charges
Ac-
quit-
ted.
De-
tained
for
Lu-
nacy.
Nombre
d'accu-
sations.
Ac-
quit-
tes.
De-
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprison'nes.
Total.
Con-
victed
1st.
Con-
jam-
nes
une
iois.
Con- I
victed Reite-
2nd. rated.
Con-
dam-
nes
deux
fois.
Plus
de2
recidi-
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
OU I'a-
m'nde
No option.
Sans option.
One
Un-
der year
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
Currency, offences against
Forgery and uttering forged documents.
Cape Breton, N.S
3
1
2
2
—
Kamouraska, Que
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 '. .
Montreal, Que
i
St. Francis, Que
1
i
1
Leeds and Grenville, Ont
2
2
3
2
2
1
2
2
1
Perth, Ont
York, Ont
"i
—
1
\
Totals of Canada
13
3
10
9
1
I
2
Cape Breton, N.S
1
3
4
1
3
1
1
3
1
f
Colchester, N.S
Halifax, N.S
3
3
—
2
1
Totals of Nova Scotia
8
1
5
5
3
—
Madawaska, N. B
1
1
Arthabaska, Que
1
12
5
1
11
4
1
1
" 1'
1
!
Montreal, Que
1
1
1
2
5
St. Francis, Que
—
Totals of Quebec
18
2
16
11
2
3
5
Algoma and Manitoulin. Ont
4
1
14
1
2
2
1
1
4
1
2
3
3
2
2
8
5
7
2
14
1
3
1
12
1
2'
1
1
4
1
1
• 2
2
2
1
4
4
7
2
14
2
1
5
1
""i'
1
1
1
1
■ 2'
2
1
1
4
2
4
2
12
■ '3'
1
"4
2
Bruce, Ont
"2
1
Carleton, Ont
2
"i'
5
Frontenac, Ont
"i
Grey, Ont.. .
"i"
■
Haldimand, Ont
Halton, Ont
1
Huron, Ont
Lambton, Ont
"i
1
1
3
i
. 2
1
.....
2
Lincoln, Ont
Middlesex, Ont
Muskoka and Parry Sound, Ont. . .
Nipissing, Ont •.
'""i'
" i
3
""2
" i'
Oxford, Ont
■;:-! \
Simcoe, Ont .. .
1
4
1
Thunder Bay & Rainy River, Ont..
Waterloo, Ont
2
1
Welland, Ont
3
2
2
Wentworth, Ont
York. Ont
1
1
Totals of Ontario
79
13
65
44
15
6
1 24
14
STATISTIQUE CRIMIXELLE— 190 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
135
Tableau
I.
Faux et'delits par
rapiKjrt a la monnaie.
Cl.asse v.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitextiart.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitexcier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Jb'ive
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dns-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes, veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
fants.
triele.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Reform
libe-
cinq.
me.
rales.
Delits
par rapport a
la monnaie.
2
1
!
1
2|
2
1
""'l' .
1
1
1 ... .
al
j 1
... 1
a2
al
1
! 2
1 1 ...
1
"i
1 .
"l'
i 2
1
1
'
3 i
4 1 ... 2 1
1
: 5!
5
.^
Faux et emission de faux documents.
1
1
1
. 1 - -
1
1
al
'""l
2
s
1
,
1 ....i
1
2
1
2
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
2
1 2
1 1
"' i
a3 1
al i
3
"'3
9
4
3 3
1
4 ; ! «
3
3
3
13
1
al 1
1
... "^X:r.
•••;•■
2
1
2
1
9
■ 3
1
1
4 .. ..
5
7
1
1
2
2
2
: 1
1
«1 1
1
1
1 1
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
al ..
i
1
2
2
2
2
1
1 ,
2
3
1
7
1
""2
1
2
1
1
2
""2
1
1
1
2
2
' "3
3
1
:
.. . 1 a2 ■■■'S'
6
2
i ' a4 : i
12
13 2
1 10 i 7
22
11
19
14
3
45
a .Sentencp suspended— Sentence suspendne.
136
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 19 05.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i. Forgery
and offences
against
the
currency.
Cl.4Ss
V.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
AGES.
USE OF
LIQUOR -S.
USAGE DK
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Un-
able to
read
or
write.
Inca-
pable
delire
ou d'e-
crire.
Ele-
men-
tary.
Ele-
men-
taire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16 ans.
16 years
and
under 21.
16 ans
et moins
de21.
21 years
and
under 40.
21 ans
et moins
de40.
40 years
and over.
40 ans
et plus.
Not
given.
Non-
doime.
Mo-
de-
rate
Mo-
dere
Im-
mo-
de-
rate
CIATRES Ot L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
M.
H.
F
F
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F
F
Im-
mo-
dere
Currency, offences against.
Cap- Breton, N.-E
2 ■ ' . .
-
2 ....
2
i ...
1
—
Kamoura'ika, Que
li
1 1
1
Montreal, Que
i
1
2
2
1
St. Fran9ois, Que ....
1 i.
1 ...
1 1
-
2 ..
1 ...
8
Leeds et Grenville, Ont
2 !
1 ' '
Perth, Ont
2 !
1 j
1
York, Ont
1
1
—
Totaux du Canada
2
8 I
7
3
Forgery and
uttering forged documents.
Cap-Breton, N.-E
1
3
1
1
1
Colchester, N.-E
1
2
1*
3
1
1
8
3
3
1
4
Halifax, N.-E
—
1
I
—
Totaux de la N. -Ecosse ....
5
•.■ • •
^
Madawaska, N.-B
1
1
-
—
Arthabaska, Que
Montreal, Que
1
11
2
1
0
2
(!
St. Francois, Que
1 1
2
!
Totaux de Quebec
1.5
1 1
2
12
1
7
2
9
—
Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont.
1
2
1
5
1
.. 1
2
i'
8
Bruce, Ont
Carleton, Ont
7
4
1
6
Frontenac, Ont
....
Grey, Ont
Haldimand, Ont
2
1
1
4
1
]
2
Halton, Ont
1
Huron, Ont
1
1
1
1
"i"
Lambton, Ont
3
Lincoln, Ont
Middlesex, Ont
1
Mu.skoka et Parry Sound, Ont. . .
Nipissing, Ont
2
1
, 1
2
1
1
2
Oxford, Ont
2
9.
Simcoe, Ont
"l
1
'2
4
3
2
14
37
Th'der Bay et Rainy Riv., 0. . .
Waterloo. Ont
3
4
3
o
10
4
1
7
2
11
37
0
3
Welland, Ont.
4
4
"9
—
i
9
4
Wentworth, Ont
York, Ont . .
12
4
—
Totaux d 'Ontario
2
44
17 1 3
23
STATISTIQUE C RIMIN ELLE— 1 905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
137
Tableau i.
Faux et delits par rapport a
la monnaie.
Classe v.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSAXCE
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other Other
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
OJ
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
7S
•c
Uni-
ted
Coun-
Pr.c.
Bap-
tists.
Eng-
land.
tho-
byte-
rians.
>
"S '
Eng-
tries, ses-
lies.
dists.
tions.
i
Q
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
c
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
■ —
—
tes-
—
'^
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H
b
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres
Autr's
"S
aa .
Angle
Etats
tres
sions
tistes .
thoh-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
c8 1 fi P
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
Galles
gers.
que.
O
Pi
Delits i^ar r
apport
a la
monnaie.
2
1
1
2
1
1 .. .
1
"l
i
... .
1
1 .
1
2
1
1
2
"'l'
2
1
1
"l'
2
1
1
6
1
2 i
4
3
1
1 ,
1
7
3
Faux et emission de faux documents.
1
1
1
• ■
""i
1
2
1
■:-.!-:-...\
1
... \ i
1
1
1
1 1
1
2
1
4
1
1 1
... ^ 1
1 |- •• ■ -
1
2
1
7
2
■-,f-Y
! 1 '
... . 6 ' 4
. . . .
"3
■ ■ • •
"ii
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
; .. 10
2 1 ... .
7 5
3
i
13
3
••-
: 3
1
1
3
"12"
1
1
1
1
1
..:::.
11
1
1
11
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
""i
■■3'
1
1
1
2
2
1
" i
1
' 1
1
'■E-
■■•l
" i'
1
" i
'2
"i
1
2
.. .
.
1
2
4
3
1 1
i
1
1
1
"1
2
"4
2
13
2
3
2
1
4
4
2
2
1
.. 2
2
1'
2
3
1
9
2
1 2
.. j .... 6
1
7
I 30
5 «
' 18 i 15
8
11
2
7
49
15
138
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Forgery and offences against the currency.
Class v.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
I)our
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
'
CONVICTIONS.
COND AMNATIONS .
Total.
Con-
victed
1st.
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
Con- I
victedlReite-
2nd. i rated.
Con- Plus
dam- I de 2
nes recidi-
deux
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprlsonnes .
fois.
ves.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou Ta-
rn'nde
No Option.
Sans option
Un- One
der year
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
Forgery and uttering forged documents — Concluded.
Manitoba, Central
2
44
6
2
44
6
2
21
5
'.
1
Manitoba, Eastern .
Manitoba, Western
....
-
10
1
13 1
4
6
5
Totals of Manitoba — ...
52
6
5
1
6
....
"i'
52
28
11
13
11
5
Vancouver, B. C
5
5
■'6
5
3
4
"2 ■;;;;■
3
Victoria, B.C
Westminster, B.C
.
Yale, B.C
2
1
1
2
Totals of British Columbia. .
18
3
2
2
2
16
12
4
1
4
2
Alberta, Northern, Al'ta
1
2
1
1
i'
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
1
Assiniboia, Western, Saskat
4
2
l'
\
4
1
1
Saskatchewan, Saskat
1
Yukon
2
189
2
95
163
108
33
22
9.
48
22
Other o
fences nc
)t inc
luc
ed in t
he fore
going c
lasses.
Class
VI.
Carrying unlawful
weajxjns.
Queen's, P.E.I
2
1
1
1
1
-
Cape Breton, N.S
Colchester. N.S
1
2
1
2
1
2
. .
1
'
""2
-
King's, N.B
1
1
!
Montreal, Que
41
2
2
45
4
1
o
37
1
9.
36
1
" i
1
1
30
1
1
2
St. Francis, Que
-
1
Totals of Quebec
..
40
37
1
2
32
2
Brant, Ont
1
3
1
1
3
1
4
2
2
2
1
3
' "l
2
1
3
... ^.
1
3
Carleton, Ont
Elgin, Ont
1
"1'
Essex, Ont
Frontenac, Ont
1
1
1
1
2
Grey, Ont
Kent, Ont
3
1
2
1
2
'"2
1
1
2
1
1
1
Middlesex, Ont
Nipissing, Ont
1
Oxford, Ont
1
1
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 19(J5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
139
Tableau
I.
Faux et delits par rapport a la
monnaie.
Classe v.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL
PiNITENCIKR.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Kive
D'th.
tories
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
C'ol-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
--
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deiix
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
CeH-
et
et
vie.
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs .
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
pluo.
de Re-
teurs .
§ants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
forme.
libe-
cinq.
rales.
Faux et emission de faux documents — Fin.
1
16
2
2
ft
1
«12
24
4
2
1
9
8 18
3 22
1
.... 2
17 6
1
12
28
3
9
11 21
i
3 ! 26
1
1
2
2
2
1
3
I
1 2
3
5
?
1 3
2
6
6
3
4
1 7
2
1 13
1
2
2
2
2
a\
1
j 1
' l'
1
; 1
1
i
j
43 17
3
28
8 fi6
4
32
40 1 40
7 , 106
Autres delits non com pi is dans Ips cla.sses precedentes.
Classe vi.
1
i*ort d'arnies. i
legal.
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
-
1
ab
1 8
1
8
' i
17
10
2
1
25
al
2
2
... 1 . . 1 . .
6
1 8
1
8
1
19
10
3
27
1
1
1
i
3
2
1
1
&1'
■'i'
""i
" 1
...
1
1
2
" i
1*
1
"l
1
2
1
i ' 1
1
a\
1
1
rt Sentence suspended— Sentence suspendue. h Concurrent with five years for burglary — Concourant
avec cinq ans pour vc»l avec effraction.
140
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i. Forgery and offences against the
currency
Class
V.
EDUCATIONAL
USE OF
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
STATUS.
AGES.
LIQCOK8.
IN \VHICH
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DE
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
Un-
Under
16 years
21 years
able to
16
and
and
40 years
Not
MITTED.
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over.
given.
Im-
or
men-
Supe-
—
—
—
—
—
Mo-
mo-
—
write.
ta y.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
Non
de-
de-
de
et moins
et moins
et plus.
donne.
rate
rate
DISTRICTS .JUDI-
Inca-
Ele-
Supe-
16 ans.
de21.
de40.
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
pable
men-
neure
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
c^'.
M.
F.
M.
F
Mo-
Im-
A ETE COMMISE.
dt lire
oud'e-
t-iire.
—
—
—
—
—
-
—
—
—
—
dere
mo-
dere
crire.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F
Forgery anc
uttering forged documents — (
Concluded
Manitoba, Centre
2
41
1
2
1
1
4
2
Manitoba, Est 1
Manitoba. Quest
1 :...
1 . ..
7
1
8
34
3
37
3
5
2
i
1
40
2
42
3
2
....
Totaux de Manitoba 1
44 2 . .
3
Vancouver, Col. -B 1
3
Victoria, Col.-B |
3
■»
4
1
Westminster, Col. -B ■
Yale, Col.-B
6
.
-
2
2
2
10
2
2
5
9
1
2
1
2
JJ_
Totaux de la Col. -Britann
12
2 1
2
Alberta. Nord. At'la
Alberta, Sud, Al'ta
2
2
1
1
-
2
2
1
1
■
Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat
Saskatchewan, Sask
1 i 1
l:. ...
—
Yukon 1 1 . _ . .
1
13
1
104
Totaux du Canada 3
125 23
4
23
104
18
39
Other offences not included in the foregoing classes.
Class vl
Carry!)
ig unlawful
weaix)ns.
Queen's, I. 'du P. -E
1
1
1
2
1
—
—
1
2
Cap-Breton, N.-E
1
2 '
Colchester. N.-E
—
—
King's, N.-B
1
—
9
22
1
2
1
3
—
10
Montreal, Que
Quebec, Que
2
35
1
9
2
27
1
St. Fran5ois, Que
2
Totaux de Quebec
2
H8 1
2
-
9
1
25
1
3
12
1
2
98
—
Brant, Ont
i
Carleton, Ont
3
3
1
Elgin, Ont
Essex, Ont
1
2
1
2
1
Frontenac, Ont
2
Grey, Ont '. ...
Kent, Ont
3
2
1
1
1
3
Middlesex. Ont
1
2
1
1
Nipissing, Ont
....
' i
;■"■
1
2
Oxford. Ont
1
STATISTIQUE CR I M I X ELLE — 1 9 05.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
141
Tableau i.
Faux et delits par capport a
la monnaie.
Classe v.
BIKTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
—
RELIGIONS.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
British Isles. |
Other
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Deno-
1)
-£
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
mina-
3
'u
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
ses-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
lics.
Eng-
land.
tho-
dists
byte-
rians.
tions.
>
-*^
Eng-
1
Q
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
s
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
^
Walts
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
Autr's
H
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
EgUse
Me-
Pres-
con-
-o
■g
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
fes-
c
c3
a^
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
sions.
«
-3 g
et
lando
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
•5
u 5
1^
Galles
gers.
ques.
O
Faux et emission de faux documents — Fin.
!
4
4
1
1
8
1
....
]
! 1
2
26
1 .
i ;
1 ;... . I ....
6
1
25
1
12
1
1
31
6
13
27
4
.5
9
1
3
■
7
26
....
13 ! .. .
1
37
15
3
■•■-■•i"^'
4
5
1
.■.■::::i.:...;
2
2
1 ....
i!-.
5
'
1
1
4
".'.'.'.' \'.'.'.'.'.
5
1
1
3
7
2
1
2
4
4
14
9
1
1
2
2
2
1
t
"i
2
2
2
1
1
.
f 1
38 1
4
6
69
17
15 .... i
35
50
12
28
9
12
120
39
Autre? delits non compris dans les classes precedentes.
Classe vi.
Port d'armes illegal.
1
1
1 . .
i
1
1
1
/
1 1
i' ■■ ■ 1
1 •••• 1
.' 1
1
1 . ..
1
1
2
j
1
6 1
12
1
2
2
15 1 1 1
1
23 '.) ' 1
1 .
4
37
1
2
• •■-! 1
2
6
1
15
2
15 1
26 9 1
4
40
1
1
'"2
. . . .
" i' ".'.'.'
"2
1
1
3
1
!
1
2
1
1
2
j ■
2
1
i
3
1
""2 '.'.'.'.
1 ..
2
1
" i'
1
3
1
" 1
1
..... .1
2
1
142
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Other ofifences not included in the foregoing classes
Class vi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU LOFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges}
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M. F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
[ SENTENCE.
I Committed to Jail
I Empbisoknes.
Total.
Con-
\'icted
1st.
Con-
dam-
Con- \
victed Reite-
2nd. rated.
Con- Plus
dam- I de 2
nes j nes |recidi-
une deux ves.
fois. fois.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Stir
option
entre
la pri-
son
OU I'a-
m'nde
I No Option.
Sans option
Un- One
der year
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
Carrying unlawful weapons — Concluded.
Perth Ont
2
1
2
29
2
10
2
1
2
29
2
5
2
1
2
28
f
4
2
i
29
2
5
Welland Ont
1
"1
"5'
1
Wentworth Ont
66
10
55
49
6
50
2
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
-
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Victoria B C . .
—
1
4
1
130
1
1
1
21
' 3
....
" 3
-
3
i
1
108
98
8
2
88
10
1
Conspiracy.
7
1
14
2
1
3
1
7
4
4 ... .
a2>
W^entworth Ont
1 ^
"4' ....
1
York, Ont
4
1
8
8
8
■
Totals of Canada
30
14
8
8, . ..
1
. ■. . . 1 3
Electoral Act, violation of the
Halifax N S
2.
2
—
i 1
! 1 .;.__.'
4
1
1
3
1
1
1 1
1
Welland Ont
[
—
'
Westminster B C
2
2 2
1
5
^
-
2' 1
1 !
2
15 i 10
5 4
1 j
2
j 1
a Two, both jail and S200 each — Deu.v, la prison et S200 chaque.
STATISTIQUE C RIM INELLE— 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
U3
Tableau
I.
Autres delits non
compris dans les classes precedentes.
ClASSE VI.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONT)ITION.
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS. ♦
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
PiaJITENCIEK.
mit-
Two
Refor-
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
CeU-
et
et
pjrison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
9ants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires;
de
Refor-
Hbe-
einq.
ms.
rales.
Port d'armes Ulegal — Fin.
al
44
" 22*
3
30
25
16
13
1 67 40 3 , 62
Conspiration.
. . al\. .
2
2
2
2
:
' ! 1 ^
' 64
1 i
;>
1
': ' 1
'
.... i 5
3 . . 9
5
1
!
1
Infractions
a la loi electorale.
1
1
1
■
1
j
... . 1
a2
j
2
j
1
j .... 1
^
1
,
1
i
2
1 :
1
2
2
1
1 i
1
a Sentence suspended— Sentence suspendue. b Crown case reserved — Cas de la Couronne reserve.
144
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Other offences not included in the foregoing classes.
Class vi.
EDUCATIONAL
U8K OK
STATUS.
LIQUORS.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
—
AGES.
—
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE UE
IN WHICH
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
Un-
Under
16 years
21 years
able to
16
and
and
40 years
Not
MITTED.
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over.
given.
Im-
or
men-
Supe-
—
—
—
—
—
Mo-
mo-
—
write.
tary.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
Non-
de-
de-
de
et moins
et moins
et plus.
donne.
rate
rate
DISTRICTS JUDI
Inca
Ele-
Supe-
16 ans.
de2L
de40.
-
CIAIRES Ot L'OFFENSE
pable
men-
rieure
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F
Mo-
Im-
A ETE COMMISE.
de iiiC
ud'e-
taire.
-
-
—
—
—
-
—
—
—
—
dere
mo-
dere
crire.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F
Carrying firearms and unlawfu
\vea])ons — Concluded
Perth, Oiit
2
1
2
29
5
1
1
2
' l'
27
2
2
41
1
Prmcc-Edouard, Ont
1
2
28
2
4
47
1
Simcoe, Ont
1
Welland, Ont
--
1
4
— -
2
Wellington, Ont
2
Wentworth, Ont
....
1
4
1
--
i'
3
Totaux d 'Ontario
2
53
14
Manitoba, Est
1
Manitoba, Ouest
-
l'
2
1
—
"i'
Vancouver, Col.-B.
1
1
Victoria, Col.-B
—
—
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta
Alberta, Sud, Al'ta
3
—
—
Assiniboia, Est, Saskat
2
—
14
79
1
8
4
58
Totaux du Canada
4
97
1
43
Conspiracy.
Montreal, Que
1
3
3
....
1
.....
.. |..
2
•T
Wentworth, Ont
York, Ont
2
2
1
1
2
:_
4
0
-
Victoria, Col.-B
—
3
1
2
2
.J^^
Totaux du Canada
1
5
2
•)
Electoral Act,
violation of the
Halifax, N.-E
i
1
—
1
—
-
1
Hastings, Ont
1
Middlesex. Ont
Welland, Ont
1
1
—
2
2
4
-
2
3
Westminster, Col.-B. .
2 ... .
—
Alberta, Sud, Al'ta
:..
1
Totaux du Canada
2 .. . 1 ....
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
145
Tableaux i.
Autres delits non compris dans les classes precedentes.
Classe VI.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
—
RELIGIONS.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
British Isles.
Other
Other
— •
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
S
-2
Iles Beitanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
^
*c
Uni-
Coun-
Pos-
Bap-
tho-
E-lR-
tho-
byte-
nuna-
>
Enpr-
ted
tries.
ses-
tistg.
lics.
land.
dists
rians.
tions.
1
Q
land
Ire- Scot-
States
ions.
Pro-
a
1
and
land, land.
Ca-
—
. —
—
—
—
,
tes-
■^
w
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H
—
— —
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
rs
ai .
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
^
n^
terre
Ir- Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
nens.
fes-
00
-if'
et
lande. se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
u 3
GaUes
gers.
ques.
o
fS"
Port d'armes illegal— T^iJi.
Conspiration.
Infractions a la loi electorale.
2
1
1
... ^.
1
1
2
1
"26'
2
5
1
1
1
25 . ..
1
27
2
2
2
l'
4
2
3
2
'a
1
1
1
1
1
4
16
35
2
40
4
3
1
1
4
47
8
1
1 1
1 ''
1
1
\
1
1
3
1
1
.. i
1 1 . ...
1
1 i
1
1
!
\
.. ..
1
1
' ■ ■ ' 1 :
11 i 2 1
34 3
53 . 1 1 2 ;G8
15
4
3
6
5
93 12
2[ ....
2
2
2
4
i 1
"I'
1
J
3 1 _ . _ i
4
1 1
' 1 !
1
5 j 2
2
i
6
8
i
1
1
_
1
1
' 1
i
1
....
2
2
1
....
■■
j
....
1
2
1
.... ^ 3
17—10
U6
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Other ofiFences not included in the foregoing classes.
Class vi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE Was COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A tT± COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
1
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
De- CONDAMNATIONS.
i Con- Con-
ivicted victed Reite-
I 1st. 2nd. rated.
Total.
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprisonxes.
Con- Plus
dam- de 2
nes recidi-
deux ves.
fois.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
OU I'a-
m'nde
No Option.
Saxs option.
Un- One
der year
one and
year, over
Moins Un
d'vm an et
an. plus.
Forcible entry.
Halifax. N.S
1
3
1
1
—
1 1
Montreal, Que ...
3
3
3
Yukon
1
5
1
1
—
. . .. .. ..
. ., .' .
Totals of Canada . .
4
4
3
Gambling and lottery Acts
offences against
Halifax, N.S
8
8
-
Bedford, Que
1
189
1
6
i9
1
170
1
6
1
165
1
1
97
1
.6
57
Montreal, Que
Quebec, Que
5
St. Hyacinthe, Que
6
—
Totals of Quebec
297
19
178
173 5 . 105
57
Algoma and Manitoulin, Ont
Carleton, Ont
Leeds and Grenville, Ont
1
5
2
1
2
9
7
1
13
4
"3'
1
2
2
1
2
8
7
""e
1
1
2
2
1
2
8
7
"e
1
1
2
2
Lincoln, Ont
..'■::'i i
Middlesex, Ont
Perth, Ont
1'
"1'
7
3
2
8
5
....
Welland, Ont
Wellington, Ont
Wentworth. Ont
York, Ont
-
1
1
Totals of Ontario
45
1
15
1
28
1
30
30
26
1
—
Manitoba, Western
A ancouver, B.C
125
104
18
97
103
18
97
103
14
89
103
18
2 j
Westminster, B.C
Yale, B.C
2
2
—
1
Totals of British Columbia. .
247
29
218
214
2
2
210
2
Alberta, Northern, Al'ta
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
1
1
2
1
i
2
1
1
1
Assiniboia, Western, Saskat
1
... ! ....
Saskatchewan, Saskat
1
1
—
Yukon
9
1
8
5
3
...
«
«2
—
Totals of Canada
512
76
436
424
10 2 1 348
62
a < )ne, both jail and $5.5 — Un, la prison et .So5.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905,
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
147
Tableau i.
Autres delits non conipris dans les classes precedentes.
ClASSE VI.
SENTENCE.
Penitentiary.
Pekitencier.
Two
years
and Five
un- years
der ; and Life,
five. I over.
Deux Cinq
ans ans A vie
et I et
m'ns plus.
de
cinq .
Com-
I mit- I
ted to
Refor- Other
, ma- Senten-
D'th. (tories. ces.
De ] En- I Autres
mort I voyes : Senten-
a la ces.
pi •son
de
Refor-
me.
OCCUPATIONS.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
tui al.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
teurs.
gants.
triels.
sions
libe-
rales.
La-
borers
Jour-
na-
liers.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
ETAT CIVIL.
Mar-
Wi-
ried.
dowed
—
En
Ma-
veu-
nes.
vage.
Single
CeU-
ba-
taires.
Entree forcee.
al
Infractions aux lois defendant le jeu et les loteries.
1 . - -
I
1
81
1
104
1
1
1
al6
81
6
1
5
66
I'""
1
6
1
16 • 83 1 , . .
81
12
106
72
t
1 ; ...
'l
1
2
2
1
2
5
2
. 1
I" ■■
1
1
. ...1 ....
: 1
4
2
4
8
a2
... 3
2
!
1 ■■■■
al
2
3
1
2
1
4
1
i
3
1 11
1
10
6
16
14
1
;
1
a6
1 16
6 ! 7
5
14 i
54
79
9
14
5
""6
79
1
9
"i'
83
2
13
.....
1
6 7 25
5
24
1
133
28
6
175
1
1
1
1
al"
..
" i
' i
1
1
1
2
2
I
1 3
■ " ■ ■ 1
26 7 ; 122
5
115 i 1
154
151
6
265
a Sentence suspended— Sentence suspendue.
17-101
148 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Other offences not included in the foregoing classes.
Class vi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
Un-
able to
read
Ele-
or
write.
men-
tary.
Inca-
pable
de lire
OU d'e-
Ele-
men-
taire.
cnre.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
AGES.
U.SE OF
LIQUORS.
USAGE DE
LIQUEURS
Under 16 years j 21 years
16
years.
Moins
de
16 ans.
and and 40 years i Not
under 21. under 40. and over, i given.
16 ans I 21 ans
et moins jet moins
de2L de40.
F M.
F H.
F. 1 M.
F. H.
40 ans
et plus.
Non-
donne.
M.
H. F
]lm-
Mo- mo-
de- de-
rate rate
Mo-;Im-
dere|mo-
idere
Forcible entry.
Halifax. N.-E
1
1
1
1
—
3
—
Montreal, Que
3
S
—
—
Yukon
-
3
1
—
1
Totaux du Canada
4
s
i
i
Gambling and lottery
Acts
, offences against
Halifax, N.-E..
1
167
1
(j
1
28
1
130
1
6
138
1
2
2
1
1
Montreal, Que
Quebec, Que
St. Hvacinthe, Que
3
-
5
' 5
10
135
1
1
137
2
2
40
29
—
Totaux de Quebec
3
175
40
—
Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont. . . .
Carleton, Ont . .
1
2
2
1
2
8
7
1
1
Leeds et Grenville, Ont
Middlesex, Ont
1
2
3
9|
Perth, Ont
2
2
4
Welland, Ont
2
Wellington, Ont
Went« orth, Ont
6
5
1
14
1
5
1
27
1
York, Ont
i
^
4
8
■•V
—
Totaux d'Ontario
29
1
4
3
Manitoba, Ouest
7
14
57
64
17
138
19
25
1
45
14
-
Vancouver, Col.-B
53
'2
34
6
16
Westminster, Col.-B
6
16
22
1
Yale. Col.-B
?,
—
21
14
Totaux de la Col.-Britan. . .
55
56
2
Alberta, Nord, Al'ta
1
1
-Alberta, Sud, Al'ta
—
"i
5
21
_
Aseiniboia, Ouest, Saskat
Saskatchewan, Sask
—
2
291
2
1
83
^'
Yukon
4
4 .....
35^
192
Totaux du Canada
.58
264
1
4
..
45
STATISTIQUE C RIMIKE LL E— 1 905 .
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
149
Tableau i.
Antres delits non compris dans les classes
precedentes
Classe VI.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
—
RELIGIONS.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
British Isles.
Other
Other
Iles Britanniqces.
Fo-
reign
Bri-
tish
R.
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Other
Deno-
J
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
ses-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
lics.
Eng-
land.
tho-
dists
byte-
rians.
1
Eng-
mina-
tions.
ft
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
i
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
%
-s
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H
■c
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
•a
■2 J
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
thoh-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
s
ftS
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
jpays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
•£
E5 3
Galles
gers.
ques.
sions.
O
Entree forcee.
i
1
1 1
1 1 i... .
1
' li.,
I
1
1
.3
1
3
^ 1
. .. i 3
1
1
■ '
••••■ ' :
i
i ■
4
3
1
i
4 ,.
1
1
Infractions aux lois defendant le
jeu et
les loteries.
I
1
j
1
88
1
6
1
1
1
8
•"••■•
74
86
1
6
36 3
3
41
170
1
6
8
96
74
93
36 3
3
2
41
177
1
1
!
1
1
2
2
1
2
8
3
' 6
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
■ ■ ■ •
1
"2
"2
1
2
8
5
■"e"
1
... ^
i'
3 ' 1
4j ....
" 4
1
1
1
25
3 1
1
11
10
4
3
2
26
4
!
i
6
'"'i'
2
13
■■"'9
7 61
i 103
5 2
■'4
1
"163
1
91
95
18
204
8
1
7
1
2
22
12 166
4
1
8
104
8
1
1
1
',
1
1 I
1
2
1
1
3
416
1
1*;
2
•T
hi;
t;
1'4>
1
108 '
47
IS
3
5 i
146
14
150
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
' 5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Other oflFences not included in the foregoing classes.
Class vi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MIT rED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CI AIRES Otj L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
Number
of
Charges
Nombre
d 'accu-
sations.
Ac-
quit-
ted.
Ac-
quit-
tes.
M.
De-
tained
for
Lu-
nacy.
De-
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Con- Con-
victed victed Reit*^-
1st. 2nd. rated.
Total.
Con-
dam -
nes
une
fois.
Con- Plus
dam- j de 2
nes recidi
deux ! ves.
fois.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprisonnes.
With No Option.
the -^
option Sans option.
of a
fine. Un- One
— 1 der year
Sur one and
option year. over.
entre — —
la pri- Moins Un
son d'un an et
ou I'a- an. plus.
m'nde
Indecent exposure and other offences against public morals.
Colchester, N.S
Halifax. N.S
Yarmouth, N.S
1
2
1
1
,
""2
1
"2
1
....
- ....
Bedford, Que
Montreal, Que
Quebec, Que
St. Francis, Que
1
70
1
3
1
1
2
2
"i'
"'i'
"aH
2
2
67
1
64
1
2
1
"i
50
1
3
4
! 3 1
Totals of Quebec
75
4
10
3
1
2
1
2
T
71 1 66
3
2
54
8
4
Brant, Ont
2 2
... ..
1
2
i
"3
' 1
i
ml
10 8
2, 2
Grey, Ont
1
Kent. Ont
Lincoln, Ont
Oxford, Ont
Perth, Ont
Simcoe, Ont
Victoria, Ont
Welland, Ont
Wentworth, Ont
York, Ont
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
i
12
1 1
2 : 2
1 1
1
1
i
2
.22 1 7
.... 1 14
14
Totals of Ontario
.51 ! 12
1 1 36
32
1
3
25,
4
2
Manitoba, Eastern
1 ....
1
1
1
Vancouver, B.C..
7
2
1
1
6
1
6
1
4
2
1
-
Alberta, North, and South., AVta.
2
9
17
2
1
17
17
17
2
Assiniboia, Western, Saskat
2 i 2
1
1 ....
4
Yukon ...
.. .. 1
1
1
Totals of Canada
163 1 20
ml : 138
129
4
5
85
34
7
Perjury and subornotion of perjnry.
Cape J-^reton N S
5
1
9
4
1
5
1
1
"i'
1
Cumberland, N.S . .
'3
B
.'.'.'.'.'.\ ' 1
Halifax N.S
1
j
Totals of Nova Scotia
15 10
I 2
2
, 1 j
Carleton, N.B
1 j ...
. ; 1
■ 1 I 1
a Five, both jail and .$190 in all— Cinq, la prison et $190 en tout.
STATISTIQUE CR I M IN ELLE — I 9 0 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
151
Tableau
I.
Autres delits non
compris dans
les classes precudentes.
ClASSE VI.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Pexitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
— .
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
— •
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial,
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
—
—
De
En-
.AUtres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Ciaq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
'tns
A vie
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
CeU-
at
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
9ants.
triels
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
Ube-
cinq.
ms.
rales.
Exposition indecente et antres delits contre la morale publique.
2
a5
•2 I
2 20
20
21
h-2
14
25
19
10
40
35
46
"i'
4.7
2
1
li
26
81
Parjure et subornation de parjure.
1
1
".... '.'...'. «1 '
"i
... i 1
1
i
1
1
1
1 :
1
1 1 ....■ i i
i!
1... .
1
« Sentence suspended — Sentence snspendue. b Unlawfully cohabiting, acquitted having married —
CohaViitation illegale, acquittes, s'etant marie?^.
15-
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Other offences not included in the foregoing classes.
Class vi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IX WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OIJ L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
Un-
able to
re.-wi Ele-
or men- Supe-
write. tary. rior.
Inca- Ele- Supe-
pable men- rieure
de lire taire.
oud'e-
crire.
AGES.
Under 16 years 21 years
16 and and 40 years Not
years, under 21. under 40. and over, given.
Moins 16 ans 21 ans 40 ans Non-
de et moins et moir.s et plus, donne.
16 ans. de 21. de 40.
F M.
F H.
F. M.
F. M.
F. H. F. H
F. M.
F. H. F
USE OF
LIQUORS.
USAGE DE
LIQUEURS
Im-
Mo- mo-
de- de-
rate rate
Mo-|Im-
deremo-
dere
Indecent exposure and other offences against public morals.
1
; 1
1
. . . '
TTalifnY "V -F. 1
2
1
2
2
1
1
.%.
—
'
RpHford One '
• 1
Montreal, Que
1
66
1
' 3
4
5
33
1
11
11
...
34
1
33
St. Francois, Que ...
3
1
5
1
1
2
13
3
5
34
1
3
1
H
2
35
1
?
Totaux de Quebec
4
67
.■^
36
Brant, Ont
Carleton, N.-B
Grey, Ont
" 1
2
1
4
1
2
1
1
j
TCpnt Ont.
1
1
"i
... 1 i
■ 1
1
1
1
Ppvth Ont
... . |. . .
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
WpllflnH Ont
1
1 i-...
1
1
8
.... 1
'.'.'.'. 4
9.
1
13
|....
1
11
VnrV Ont
1 2
3
—
2
1
-
17 3 6
1
Totaux d'Ontario
2
i 22
2 ■ 7
1
..|26
10
1
1
—
Vancouver, Col.-t5
Westminster, Col. . B
6
1
3 i -
3
•s
1
1
-
\.. ^.
—
17
2
Assiniboia, Esi, Saskat
Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat. ....
■■ ]■■■■'■■■■
i
1
1
V 1
j 1
t
1 ...
1 ...
1
8
i 5
22
20
—
Totaux du Canada . .
1 6
! Ill
2 1 10
Ij
57
! 14
1 67
46
Cap-Breton. N.-E. .
Cumberland, N.-E.
Halifax, N.-E....
Perjury and subordination of perjury.
Totaux de la N.-Ecosse. . .
Carleton, N.-B
1 .
i ■'.
2 ,.
1 I
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
153
. Table.\u I.
Autres delits non compris dans les
classes
preoedentes
ClASSE VI.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
—
RELIGIONS.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
British Isles.
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
£
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
'tH
Uni-
Coun-
Pos-
Bap-
tho-
Eng-
tho-
byte-
mina-
>
Eng-
ted
tries.
ses-
tists.
lics.
land.
dists
rians,
tions.
i
Q
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
S
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
tes-
&
^
Wale*
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H
—
—
' —
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
-c
.2 •
Angle
Etats-
tre&
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An
tho-
byte-
con-
e3
Q^
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
s
m i
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
u P
Galles
gers.
ques.
o
tf
Exposition indecente et autres delits contre le
morale publique.
1
j
' 2
1
.;;:;:' I
1
2
1
1
1
.52 2
()
"48'
1
8
"io' "iV"3"
"2 "'3
t
6
49
' 2
18
1
3 I
1
1
.
6 1
1
56 2
6
52
10 1 1 3
2 3
51
20
1
1
1 1. - -- - - -
1
5
1
2
10
2
10
""i'
5
1
"i'
" i'
1
1
1
... ^.
"'i'
1
1
1
2
i
1
1
2
"lO
.. .j 1
1
1
14
1
i
1
4
I 8
o 1 1
25
2
3
9
13
2
3
8
34
2
1
_
1
..- 1 1
1
2
2
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1 ' ■
t
1
'
.;:;::!.•::
1
1
1
1
1
13 1 2 . .. i 85 ! 8
10 1
1 64
25 : 4 ! 6
10 1 4
96
23
Par jure et subornation d
3 par jure.
1
" "i"
':.£
!
1
1
1 '
I
1
1
2
2
9
1
1
....1
1
154
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905,
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Other offences not included in the foregoing classes.
Class vi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES Otj L'OFFENSE
A ETt COMMISE.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombce
Ac-
d'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M. F.
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con-
victed
1st.
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
Con-
victed Reite
2nd. rated.
Con- I Plus
dam- de 2
nes {recidi
deux ves.
fois.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Empbisonn^s.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
I Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou I'a-
1 nie'de
No Option.
Sans option
Un-
der
one
year.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
Perjury and subornation of perjury-
- Concluded.
Bedford <^ie
1
4
1
3
1
1
2
1
3
2
1 1
Montreal, Que
1 ....
a2
1
2
St. Francis, Que..
9
1
3
2
1
2
3
5
2
1
4
1
2
2
1
4
2
3
4
1
1
2
3
2
1
2
Brant, Ont
Bruce, Ont
" 2
'"l
"1
2
Elgin, Ont
Haldimand. Ont
1
1
l' '.'.'.'.'..
1 1
1
2
2
2
1
3
i
Lambton, Ont
Leeds and Grenville, Ont
Lincoln, Ont
Middlesex, Ont
Nipissing, Ont
TSTrirfnll.' On)-
3
i
1
i 2
■■l',:::;::!::-:-::::::
1
" i
2
2
1
Northumberland & Durham, 0 . . .
Stormont, D'das & Glengarry, 0. . .
Wp^lanrl Ont
4
2
1
4
""l'
1
Wellington, Ont
York Ont ....
2
2
1
Totals of Ontario
39
1
22
1
16
10 5
1 i 2
2
1
65
64
4
2
Victoria, B.C.-
1
1
1
65
1
1
2
"3
6
3
2
Assiniboia, Western, Saskat
2
Totals of Canada
82
47
26
17
7
2
2
5
3
Prison breach, escape, attempt and aiding to escape from prison.
Queen's, P.E.I
1
1
1
1
rinl'-lifstpr TV S
1
6
"2
1 1 .
4 . . 3 1
1
Halifax, N.S
... j 1
•T
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
—
Bedford, Que
Iberville, Que
1
1
1
1
1
a Both jail and §75— La prison et :
6 1, Nolle prosci/ II >.
STATISTIQUE C RIMIN ELLE — 1 905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
155
Tableau 1.
Autres delits non compris dans les classes precedentes.
ClASSK VI.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Other
Two
years
ma-
Senten-
and
J^'ive
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
^
Deux
Cinq
mort
vo/es
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
4 1a
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
cants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage..
taires.
de
cinq
Refor-
me.
libe-
rales.
Parjure et subornation de parjure — Fm.
I [ .. . .
1. .
1
i ■ ■ '
al
1
1
3
.1
; 1 ••••
1
1
1
1
3
1
! 1
2
"l"
r
1
1
i
1
1
al
I
"l
-
al
1
1
•)
1
1
_ _ 1 1 _ _ _ j_ _
1 i 1. ..,
'"'l'
1
....
1
:
2
' '
a2
«1
■ i ' 3-
1
. . 1 ■ • • ■ _y
9
1
; ' 1
3
! ■• ■
1
8
4
2
1
2
6
9
„
:
1 ■
1
'
■
!
[
1
i
1
■
1
1
" 2
1
2
1
1
1
5 .
1
10
7
3
2|
5
7
16
10
Infractions aux lois des prison.*, evasion, tentative et aide c
'evasion.
1
1
1
1
1
■
1
4
1
al
1
2
1
«1
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
1
I 1
1
a Sentence suspended— Sentence suspendue.
156
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Other offences not included in the foregoing.
Class vi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
AGES.
USE cy
liquors.
USAGE DE
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
Un-
able to
read
or
write.
Inca-
pable
de lire
ou d'e-
crire.
Ele-
men-
tary.
Ele-
men-
fcaire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16 ans.
16 years
and
under 21.
16 ans
et moins
de21.
21 years
and
under 40.
21 ans
et moins
de40.
40 years
and over.
40 ans
et plus.
Not
given.
Non-
donne.
Mo-
de-
rate
Mo-
dere
Im-
mo-
de-
rate
CIAIRES OU LOFFENSE
- A ETE COMMISE.
M.
H.
F
F
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F
F
Im-
mo-
dere
Perjury and subornation of
perjury
— Concluded.
Bedford, Que
f
Montreal, Que
3
2
1
2
1
... .
—
2
1
-
2
3
1
—
—
Brant Ont
2
2
2
Elgin Ont . . .
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Norfolk Ont
Welland Ont
4
2
2
2
1
1
4
2
1
13
Wellington Ont
York Ont
1
1
3
—
—
1
10
1
2
13 [ 1
1
3
—
—
—
Victoria Col -B
i
1
1
—
—
Alberta Sud Al ta
1
2
3
3
—
—
1
17
2
5
22
Totaux du Canada
5
20
1
1
4
Prison breach, escape, attenipt
and 'i
liding to escape
from
prison.
Queen's I du P -E
1
1
1
2
1
—
;
2
1
Colchester N -E ...
1
4
1
Halifax, N.-E
-
2
1
•7
1
....
1
1
Bedford, Que
1
1
1
1
Iberville, Que
S T A T I S T I Q U E C R I M I N E L L E — 1 9 0 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 .
157
Tabi.eac I.
Autres delits
non conipris dans les classes precedentes.
Classe V[.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
^^
-s
Iles Britanniqces.
Uni-
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
Sh
ted
States
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
ses-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
lics.
Eng-
land.
tho-
dists.
byte
rians.
Tnina
1
Eng-
tions.
0
land
Ire-
Scot-
sions.
Pro-
s
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
—
^
Wales
nada.
Autr's
tants
C
•r
—
—
—
Etats-
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres
Autr's
T3
Angle
Unis.
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
Qx'
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
nens.
fes-
S
^ q
et
lande.
se.
etr an-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
u ^
Galles
gers.
ques.
o
f5-
Par jure
bt subornation de oarjure-
-Fin.
"3
" 2'
■■■ i' '^
3
2
1
3
""2
1
... ^
•:;;:•
::::;
2
i
2
;
" i
"1
1
■
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
"i
1
1
1
2
"i'
2
.....
3
1
3
1
1
1
1 ... .
"'i'
1
1
1
1
10
2
3
2
7
2
2
1
2
9
7
.... I .... 1.
,
!
'
... .
;
1
1
1
"i
"1
1 : . .
1
1
1
3
1
1
2 1
17
3
4
3
12
1
2
2
1 J 5
15
11
Infractions aux lois de.s prisons, evasion, tentative et aide d"evasion.
1
1
1
i
. ...1 1
!
1 i 1
3 1
.... 1
1
1
2
1 .. .
3
1
1
1
1
1
[..... 1 1
'
1
..... \
1
1 1.. ..
1
1
! 1
158
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD Vll., A. 1906
Tablk I.
Other offences not included in the foregoing classes.
Cl.\ss VI.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
Number
of
Charges
Ac-
quit-
ted.
De-
tained
for
Lu-
nacy.
Nombre
d 'accu-
sations
Ac-
quit-
tes.
De-
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con-
victed
1st.
Con-
dam -
nes
une
fois.
Con- '
victed Reite-
2nd. I rated.
Con- j Plus
dam- ! de 2
nes recidi-
deux j ves.
fois.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprisonxes.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Siir
option
entre
la pri-
son
OU I'a-
m'nde
No Option.
Sans option
Un- One
der year
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
Revenue Laws, offences against
Prison breach, escajje, attempt and aiding to escape from
prison
— ComlncUd.
Kamouraska, Que
Montreal, Que
1
2
2
7
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
'J
1
2
2
" i
1
" '2'
' '2
1 1
St. Francis, Que ; .
—
Totals of Quebec
7
1
4
2
2
2
—
Algoma and Manitoulin. Ont
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
""'i
1
2
1
1
Brant, Ont .'. .
1
Elgin, Ont
Essex, Ont
1
( rrey, Ont
1
1
1
1
1
"l
2
" i
1
1
1
1
'""i
Hastings, Ont
Leeds and Grenville, Ont
Lincoln, Ont
i"
Nipissing, Ont
1
1
1
. .
Northumberland & Durham, 0. . .
Ontario, Ont
Oxford. Ont
Peel, Ont
1
1
"i
i
Peterborough, Ont ....
Simcoe, Ont
Victoria. Ont
1
1
Welland. Ont
i
1
1
"3'
vVentworth, Ont
York, Ont
8
1
1
-
Totals of Ontario
31
3
28
2
23
3 2
12
3
—
Manitoba, Central
2
2
1
2
1
" 1
Manitoba, Ea.stern
1
-
Victoria, B.C
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Westminster, B.C
1
—
Alberta, Northern, Al'ta
7
6
'
7
6
"'i'
7
4
' i
1
1
5
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
-
1
Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat
2
4
1
2
4
1
. .. 2
4
1
"'3
1
Assiniboia, Western, Saskat
Saskatchewan, Saskat ...
-
Totals of Canada
73 1 fi
(57
5
55
7
6
28
Carleton, Ont
1
1
3
2
7
"i ;.::::;.
1
I
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
.... 1 1
! 2
... . 1 .
Leeds and Grenville, Ont
Welland, Ont
York, Ont
1 1-
'1
Totals of Ontario ;
1 !
fi i
el
1 4
1
1
STATISTIQUECRIMINELLE— 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
159
Tableau
I.
Autres delits non
compris dans les classes precedentes.
ClaSSE VI.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penipkntiart.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencieb.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
•
Two:
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
live
D'th.
tories
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
ov r.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
9ants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cmq.
me.
rales.
Delits eontre le levenu de I'Etat.
Infractions aux lois des prisons, evasion, tentative et aide d'evasion—
Fin.
• • ■ • •
i
11 1
1 1
1
]
a2
1
1
2
!
1 1
2
1
2
4
2
5
1
•••^
ai
1
1
i
1
2
■j/'
I
i
1
61
al
.....
1
' i
2
"l
1
1
1
'
2
[
"i
•»•••■
1
1
""■3
1
al
0,2
i ...
..:. •:::;■
1
:::::!;::::
3
1
...
1
4
6
1
1
7
■■
8
4
18
1
1
«2
1
1
1 2
1
1
—
. ...
1
!
1
1
1
i 1
1
1
!
al
ah b3
2
1 .'.'.'..'.'".'. ""3
1
62
61
1
'" 1 •• .,•
"i
1 .. 2
lllL
1 1 1 ... . ....
2
1 4
20 1 4 1 4
13 ' 1 19 8 1 40
1
1
2'
1
3
1
1'
1
6 !
3 '... . i 2
a Sentence suspended— Sentence siispendue. b Takfn back to jail — Reintegres en prison.
160
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Other offences not included in the foregoing Classes.
Class vi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IX WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES Ot L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
Un-
able to
read Ele-
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
write.
tary.
Supe-
rior.
Inca- Ele- Supe-
pable men- rieure
delire: taire.
ou d'e-
crire. '
AGES.
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16an8.
16 years [ 21 years I
and ' and 40 years ; Not
under 21. lunder 40. and over, given.
16 ans { 21 ans
et moins et moins
de 21. de 40.
F M.
f! H.
M.
F. H
40 ans
et plus.
Non-
donne.
M. F
H. F
USK OF
LIQCOR8.
USAGE DE
LIQUEURS
llm-
Mo- mo-
de- : de-
rate irate
Mo- Im-
dere'mo-
jdere
Prison breach, escape, attempt
and aiding
to
escape from
prison— Concluded.
m
Kamouraska, Que
1
1
2
1
.. .1 1
Montreal, Que
St. Fran§ois, Que
1
1
1
2
— -
1
1
4
1
1
1
2
o
— «^
1
....
1
-
—
1
6
9
—
—
Algoma et Manitoulin. Ont
Brant, Ont
1
2
1
1
1
1
....
2
1
Elgin, Ont
1
1
1
::::::! "i
1
Hastings, Ont.
1
1
l'
Leeds et Grenville. Ont
1
1
1
1
Northumberl'd et Durham 0
1
2
1
1
Ontario, Ont
1
1
'>
Oxford, Ont .
L
2
"l
"l'
1
Peel, Ont
i
1
1
Peterborough, Ont
1
T
1
Simcoe, Ont
1
1
1
Welland. Ont
1
••:
W^entwurth, Ont
York, Ont
8
1
1
1
5
9
1
1
8
15
1
1
1
1
6
2
7
1
-
Totaux d 'Ontario
22
2
7
1
1
1
1
Manitoba, Est
1
Victoria, Col.-B .
... ^.
1
1
7
3
2
1
Westminster. Col.-B
1
—
Alberta Nord Al'ta
Alberta, Sud, Al'ta
3
3
-
3
--
1
2
1
3
1
22
2
1
Saskatchewan, Saskat
1
1
14
2
4
21
—
32
Totaux du Canada
4
44
3
15
Revenue Laws,
offences against
Carleton, Ont
1
1 1
i
1 1
1
Leeds ft Grenville, Ont..
1 '
1
Welland, Ont
3 .. .
1
3
1
4
j
2
1
4
1
York. Ont
'
—
1 I....
1
—
Totaux d'Ontario
5 1
1
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELL E— 1 9 0 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
161
Tableau i.
Autres delits non compris dans les
classes precedentes
ClASSK VI.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
m
®
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch.of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
13
'E
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
ses-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
lics.
Eng-
land.
tho-
dists
byte-
rians.
mina-
tions.
>.
"S
Eng-
1
Q
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
C
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
—
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H
'S
_
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
-a
m
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
^
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
S
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions .
-ts
ii 3
GaUes
gers.
ques.
O
P5"
Infractions
Eiux lois des prisons,
evasion
, tentative et aide d'evasion —
Fin.
1
2
1
1
2
j i
1
1
1
1
-
. . i
2
2
- --
4
1
6
1
m::
3 . ...
2
5
1
2
1
'i'
"i
1
1
i
••
' "i"
1
1
::.::.
1
1
'
'
'
1
1
1
1
1
i i .
1
2
1
"2
1
2
1
• • • •
1
1
"1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 . .
,.., 1 7
2
4
2
3
8
2
•
18 1 1
"_
8
1
1
17
4
... 1 1
" i"
i 1
1
1
i
1
1
, '
1
1
1
1
'
1^ •■•• i ••■■ 1
1
1
1
1
t
1| 2| ... 1
i
2\ 1
2
—
1
■ 1 1 .... '
■ r
]
1
' 2
1
2 1
1
18
3 1
1 35 4 1 2 ;
.... ' 18
12
4
4 4
3 29
Delits contre le revenu
de I'Etat.
1
1
1
1
2
1
....
1
2
".".. "i
1
■ iT'i"
1
1
i ..
9!
1
1 i 1
1
1
1
5
1
'
17—11
162
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Other offences not included in the foregoing classes.
Table i.
Cla.ss VI.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU LOFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE
Number
of
Charges
Ac-
quit-
ted.
De-
tained!
for
Lu-
nacy.
Nombre
d 'accu-
sations.
Ac-
quit-
tes.
De-
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
SENTENCE.
Committed to .Jail
Emprisonxes.
Total.
I With No OPTION.
Con- I Con- j the I —
victed victed Reite-loption Saxs option.
1st.
Con-
aam-
nes
une
fois.
2nd. rated.
of a
fine.
Sur
Un- One
der year
one and
Con
dam- de 2
nes recidi
deux I ves.
fois.
Plus option year. over,
entre : — —
la pri-
son
OU Ta-
rn'nde
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
Bevenue laws, offences against — Concluded.
Riot and affray.
1
2
1
—
i
Alberta, Southern, Al'ta
• -i 2
2
1 1 ■
Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat
1
11
1
3
j
Totals of Canada
S
8
4
2 1
Yarmouth, N S
7 7
.... .. ..i '
Elgin, Ont
4 ....
11 i 7
-
4 3 ... 1 1 3
1
4 3 ' 1 3
1
Suicide,
attempt at
Montreal, l^ue
7
7
7
3
—
Algoina and Manitovdin, Ont
2
1
1
1
1
Grey. Ont
Hastings, Ont
"i'
im
1
1
... .
1
Kent. Ont
Middlesex, Ont
1
1
1
.....
1
Im
Im
2
1
l"
1
2
Waterloo. Ont
Welland, Ont
Wentworth, Ont
York, Ont
1
al
]
Tcitals of Ontario
17
1
3m
13
12
1
t
4
3
2
2
1
9
!
2
1
1
li '.. i
1
Assiniboia, Eastern, Saskat
A^silliboia, Western, Saskat
1 ....
3 .
1
3
1 1
3 ... ! !
1 .. .
j
1
34
1
1 ■
2
-
1
!
Totals of Canada . .
3in
28
27: 1 ...- |. .
i 1
10 ....'..
a Aiding and abetting suicide —Aide et encouragement a>i suicide.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1 905,
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
163
Tableau
I.
Autres delits non conipris dans les cla
sses precedent
es.
ClASSE VI.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Other
Two
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tui al.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
_.
Deux
Cinq
mort
voy es
Senten-
En
ans
ans
A vie
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
veu-
CeU-
et
et
ptson
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
vage.
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
5ants.
triels.
sions
liera.
taires.
de
Refor-
Ube-
einq.
me.
rales.
Delits centre le r(^venu de I'Etat — Fin.
!
' 1 1
1
.... rtl '
1
]
' ' j
1 1
6
3 ;
i
2
i
Emeute et tumulte.
-1
1
1
1
4
1
q
1 . .
!
4
1
3-
Tentative de suicide.
(«5, 61
1
2
9
3
. . 1 ^
1
al
1
1
' i
rti'
ai
al
""i
2
1
al
al
al
al
1
1
"'i'
1
1
"'i'
I
1 1 8
1
1
2
7
2
11
...
a\
1
1
03
1
al
1
1 1
1
17
2
1
4
1
10
6
17
a Sentence suspended— Sentence suspendue. h To give bail — A donner des cautions.
17-111
164
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i. Other
offence
s not included in
the foregfoing classes.
Class vi.
EDUCATIONAL
USE OF
STATUS.
LIQCOR3.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
—
AGES.
—
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DE
IN WHICH
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
Un-
Under
16 years
21 years
1
able to
16
and
and
40 years
Not
MITTED.
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over.
g:ven.
Im-
or
men-
Supe-
—
—
—
—
—
Mo-
mo-
—
write.
tary.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
Non-
de-
de-
de
et moins
et moins
et plus.
donne.
rate
rate
DISTRICTS JUDI-
—
—
16ans.
de21.
de40.
CIAIRES Otr L'OFFENSE
Inca-
Ele-
Supe-
pable
men-
rieure
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F
JMo-
Im-
A ETE COMMISE.
de lire
ou d'e-
taire.
-
—
—
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
dere
mo-
dere
crire.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F
Revenue
Laws
offences against —
Concluded
Vancouver, Col.-B
1
—
2
—
Alberta, Sud., Al'ta
—
...
Assiniboia, Est, Saskat . . .
—
4
... 1
3
4
Totaux du Canada..
5
1
1
Riot and affray.
Yarmouth, N.-E . . .
—
4
4
—
3
3
Elgin, Ont
4
1
—
■^-
4
1
Suicide, attempt at.
Montreal, Que
1
0
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
6
—
—
Algoma et Manitoulin, Ont
Carleton, Ont
1
1
1
1
1
Grey, Ont
1
Hastings, Ont
Kent. Ont
1
1
2
1
'
1
1
1
1
1
Middlese.x, Ont
Nipissing, Ont
Northumberl'det Durham, 0. . .
1
* • • *
1
1
1
1
Ontario, Ont
1
1
1
Waterloo, Ont
Welland, Ont
1
I
1
1
Wentworth, Ont
1
1
3
1
2
8
York, Ont
1
-
2
1
3
1
3
1
2
—
Totaux d'Ontario
12
1
» o
Vancouver, Col.-B
i
1
-
Alberta, Sud, Al'ta
1
1
—
1
2
—
Assiniboia, Est, Sa^k
.. . " 1
Assiniboia, Ouest, Saskat ....
1
5
-
1
1
11
—
1
4
fi
Yukon
1 1
—
4
—
Totaux du Canada
1 21 1 1
....
6
12
STATISTIQUE CRI M IX ELLE— 1 90 5 . 165
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableau i.
Autres delits non compris dans les
classes
precedentes
ClASSE VI.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
®
■8
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
T^
•a
Uni-
Coun-
Pos-
Bap-
tho-
Eng-
tho-
byte-
mina-
>
Eng-
ted
tries.
ses-
tists.
lics.
land.
dists
rians.
tions.
1
9
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
'Pro-
a
1
and
land.
laTid.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
—
^
-2
Wales
nada.
— .
Autr's
tants
H
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
■73
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
£8
P^
terra
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
rians.
fes-
01
-^2
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
£ 3
Galles
gers.
ques.
O
Pi
Delits centre le
revenu de I'Etat—
Fin.
•
!
i
1 ,
!
2
1
3
1
1 1
1
1
5 1
Emeute et tumulte.
1
3
1 3
.....
2 1 2
1
3
1 s
2 2
Tentative de suicide.
3 1
]
2
2
3
1
. ... 1
7
1
1
1
1
1
" i'
1
1
1
1
"i
"i'
""' i'
"i'
1
2
1
"l
""i
...... .. _^
1
1
" "i"
1
1
1
"i
1
1
9
1
1
1
■ ■ ■
1
2
[
6
4
1
2
... . 1 ! 7
2
9
1
9
4
' i i
•| ■ ■ 'I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.
1
1
1 !
1
1
,
1
1
10
1
6
2
4 '
1 3
11
4 1 1 3
2
IS
5
166
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table i.
Other ofifences not included in the forgoing classes.
Class vl
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI-
CIAIRES OU L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
Number
of
Charges
Ac-
quit-
ted.
De-
tained
for
Lu-
nacy.
Nombre
! d'accu-
sations
Ac-
quit-
tes.
De-
tenios
pour
cause
de .
folia.
M. F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Con-
Con-
victed
victed
1st.
2nd.
Total.
■ —
—
Con-
Con-
dam -
dam -
nes
nes
une
deux
fois.
fois.
rated.
Plus
de2
recidi-
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprisonnes.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou Ta-
rn'nde
No Option.
Sans option
Un- ' One
der year
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un ; an et
an. I plus.
Various other misdemeanours.
Colchester, N.S
2
1
12
2
2
Halifax, N.S
1
9
2
Moiitreal, Que
1
.1 i •• •■
1 i
Brant, Ont
1
6
1
1
2
3
1
4
1
3
... ^.
1
1
1
2
1
2
'" l'
1
1
1
'""i
i 1
Haldimand, Ont
3
1
"i'
2
1
Kent, Ont
i
1
3
Iianark, Ont
Lincoln, Ont
Middlesex, Ont
. .
1
1
' i
Nipissing, Ont
York, Ont
... ^.
Totals of Ontario
19
3
1
8
10
7
3
2 11
Manitoba, Central
s
3
i
Vancouver, B. C
1
1 , 1
1
1
Totals of Canada
38
18
17
12
5 3 2 1
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
167
Tableau
I.
Autres delits non
compris dans
les classes prtkedentes.
ClASSE VI.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Pknitentiaky.
OCCUPATIONS.
_
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Pemtencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
live
D'th.
tories
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
ov r.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
9ants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cinq.
me.
rales.
Divers autres delits.
b2
1
1
2
■ ■ 1
1
1 '"■"" : '""'
1
1
-I
;
1
1
a3
3
1
1
3
al
"'"i
1
1 . .
1
. ..
1
1
2
cl,dl\.....
'
1
1
1
........... .
6 j 3 1 1
3
2
1 ' 7
1
aB 3
3
1 1
1
.. 1
'
2
9 6 2 1
2 1
3
2
1 13
a Sentence suspended — Sentence suspendue. b Havmg explosive in iwssession — Ayant des matieres
explosives en possession. c Recommitted in Central Prison — Reintegre dans la i^rison centrale.
d Fine of SI, 000 to be imposed if dumping is contiuued or if nuisance not abated — Amende de Sl.OlH)
devant etre imposc'e si le?' incommodites ne sont pas enlevees.
168
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Other offences not included in the foregoing classes.
Table i.
Class vi.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS
IN WHICH
EDUCATIONAL
STATUS.
INSTRUCTION.
AGES.
USE OF
LIQUORS.
USAGE DE
LIQUEURS
OFFENCE WAS COM-
MITTED.
DISTRICTS JUDI -
Un-
able to
read
or
write.
Inca
pable
de iUe
'ud'e-
crire.
Ele-
men-
tary.
Ele-
men-
taire.
Supe-
rior.
Supe-
rieure
Under
16
years.
Moins
de
16 ans.
16 years
and
under 21.
16 ans
et moins
de21.
21 years
and
under 40.
21 ans
et moins
de40.
40 years
and over.
40 ans
et plus.
Not
given.
Non-
donne.
Mo-
de-
rate
Mo-
dere
Im-
mo-
de-
rate
CIAIRES Ot L'OFFENSE
A ETE COMMISE.
M.
H.
F
F
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F.
F.
M.
H.
F
F
Im-
mo-
dere
Various
, other misdemeanours.
Colchester N -E , .
2
2
Halifax N -E.
*
2
1
1
3
—
—
1
1
—
1
3
Brant, Ont
1
3
Kent Ont
1
1
1
1
1
9
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
York, Ont
-
1
1
1
2
1
8
1
1
—
3
7
3
1
1
—
3
10
-•
1
2
—
14
Totaux du Canada
1 1 14 1 1
2
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
169
Tableau i.
Autres delits uon compris dan^ le?
classes precedentes.
ClASSE VI.
BIRTH PLACES.
RESI-
DENCE.
LIEUX DE NAISSAXCE
RELIGIONS.
British Isles.
Other
Other
■r
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
ses-
Bap-
tists.
Eng-
land.
tho-
byte-
rians.
> "^
Eng-
lies.
dists.
tions.
I 5
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
c 1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
'—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
—
1 1
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H -t
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres
Autr's
•7Z m .
Angle
Etats
tres
sions
tistes .
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
con-
i, 5g
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
s '-^1
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
.S t! 3
Galles
gers.
que.
Q P^
Divers ■ autres delits.
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
'" i'
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
8
1
1
1
5
2
1
6
4
3
3
iiz:
3
[
• " ■
i
. . i
j
■
1
1
13
1
2
1
s
.^
•7
7
9
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 A. 1906
TABLE II.
SUMMARY BY CLASSES AND PROVINCES WITH TOTALS OF EACH
PROVINCE AND CANADA FOR THE YEARS 1904 AND 1905.
TABLEAU II.
RECAPITULATION PAR CLASSES ET PAR PROVINCES AVEC TOTAUX
DE CHAQUE PROVINCE ET DU CANADA POUR
LES ANNEES 1904 ET 1905.
172
CRIMINAL STATISTIC S— 1 9 0 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Tablk II.
Summary by classes and provinces.
PROVINCES.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con-
Con-
victed
victed
1st.
2nd.
Con-
Con-
dam -
dam-
nes
nes
une
deux
fois.
fois.
Reite-
rated.
Plus
de2
recidi
ves.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Empriso.n'nes.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
eutre
la pri-
son
ou I'a-
m'nde
No Option'.
Sans option.
Un- One
der year
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
Class i. — Offences against the person.
Prince Edward Island -[ -.qq'^
XT tj .• (1905
iS ova bcotia •, 1 qq i
X- -D -1 fl'.»05
N ew Brunswick ... - i (^^
^^"•^bec -jl90^
Ontario -J jf,f,^
AT •*. 1 riyo5
Manitoba - i j^q ,
British Columbia . - ■• q, . ,
The Territories -] ■. j,q',
Yukon -'^90^
r. 1 ri905
Canada — -^ imu
24
23
293
2.54
57
59
535
559
1,160
1,152
131
97
18<3
116
248
220
13
41
117
6(5
7
IS
120
119
436
435
29
24
68
29
147
110
24
2,647 936 64
2,. 521 832 55
17
15
152
179
47
36
403
429
684
670
1C2
73
116
83
94
105
5
15
15
14
119
123
24
27
343
384
ol2
593
90
65
108
74
89
100
5
12
1,620 1,405
1,605 1,392
2
1
21
37
21
2
44
32
52
50
10
6
162
141
2
8
69
71
. 35
21
264
290
286
232
48
48
58
18
33
27
2
3
797
718
15
7
34
45
6
3
81
75
186
200
27
14
33
27
40
53
2
9
424
433
Class ii.— Offences against property with violence.
Prince Edward Island .
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec . .
Ontario
Manitoba
British Columbia. . . .
The Territories
Yukon
1905
1904
1905
1904
1905
1004
1905
1904
1905
1904
1905
1!I04
1905
1904
1905
1904
1905
1904
257 1 30
186 i 39
424 117
419 129
62
Canada .
("1905
\1904
31
32
49
34
29
1
1
877
797
218
236
23
40
9
11
225
147-
307
286
54
22
23
28
13
17
18
32
7
11
111
76
218
198
31
12
20
21
11
17
656
552
418
368
121
82
117
102
4
2
3
3
82
50
108
76
3
1
1
5
5
208
144
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
173
Tableau
II.
Recapitulation par clasf.
es et provinces.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIOxVS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Eive
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dns-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
§ants.
trials.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cinq
me.
rales.
Classe I. — Outrages contre la personne.
31
34
23
29
1
7
31
40
132
161
13
5
5
13
9
5
1
2
12
14
12
9
215
262
96
114
2
1
9
1
4
21
11
18
18
5
13
10
6
1
1
3
57
2
49
46
13
57
40
4
89
47
9
73
17
2
13
17
1
9
2S
23
1
2
6
4
2
2
5
1
1
0
2
174
19
202
148
34
168
12
7
55
53
8
20
150
198
393
373
44
27
.30
32
4
7
1
3
697
720
4
4
35
37
10
6
161
176
283
273
29
24
33
15
5
17
1
2
51)1
554
15
18
13
11
79
70
21
2i;
158
194
318
300
54
40
52
45
13
20
2
9
710
715
Classe ii. — Delits avec violence contre la propriete,
"2
6
'"s
7
25
27
12
""2
9
"'s'
1
12
18
5
1
3
1
2
5
7
1
46
34
33
25
7
3
3
2
i
2
3
"14'
19
2
3
122
86
168
150
9
13
8
14
1
3
"'1'
4
3
4
1
22
24
25
28
6
2
1
2
1.
" i
'""i
2
2
2
1
.....
11
12
4
3
7
2
3
70
36
75
71
29
2
1
3
1
2
4
2
""2
17
36
5
5
50
45
5
"9
5
' i
"1
1
"23'
20
9
13
9
3
2
3
'"5
1
3
7
2
4
201
120
47
26
3
15
270
250
47
20
12
10
3
6
3
6
2
1
16
21
1
6
.'.'.'. 'l
" 1
130 52 .. .
Hit 4S
30
181 10 47
124 ' 12 ! 41
10 1 98
10 1 70
1
3
324
289
63
60
5
5
559
458
174
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1906.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table ii.
Summary by classes and
provinces
EDUCATIONAL
USE OF
STATUS.
AGES.
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DB
LIQUEURS
Un-
Under
16 years
21 years
able to
16
and
and
40 years
Not
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over.
given.
im-
PROVINCES.
or
men-
Supe-
—
—
—
—
—
Mo-
mo-
write.
ta y.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
Non
de-
de-
de
et moins
et moins
et plus.
donne.
rate
rate
Inca-
Ele-
Supe-
16 ans.
de21.
de40.
-
pable
men-
rieure
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
t^'.
M.
F.
M.
h'
Mo-
Im-
dt lire
taire.
dere
mo-
ou d'e-
dere
cnre.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F
Class i.— OfiFences against the person.
He du Prince- Edouard . . ,gQ^
XT 11 u ri905
Nonvelle-h,cosse - 1904
Nouveau-Brunswick - -inA4
Quebec -^^904
Ontaru, |i9q4
Manitoba -^ -^(^^
Colombie-Britannique ... - -■ qn'i
Les ierritoires - VMi
V 1 /1905
Yukon |j904
n A /1905
Canada 11904
1
14
13
3
6
60
49
46
41
15
4
11
4
12
149
137
17
12
103
93
27
26
257
326
543
526
62 (
57 ;
79 I
39
16 !
23 I
3
10
4
3
10
14
3
3
2
2
2
1
4
1
13'
8
11
13
1
3
1
5
1
1
1
1,107
1,112
1130
2!l54
13
9
72
63
13
..19
1 204
3 209
. . 373
2 328
61
42
62
32
9
16
2
809
726
16
16
22
13
7
58
72
132
146
9
11
14
10
6
9
252
281
34
58
18
7
75
52
79
91
, 23
I 12
31
30
74
I 65
2
4
8 336
19 319
7
5 85
13
32
93 14
15 15
8 I 21
96 223
139 249
360 240
379 203
66
52
59
44
15
27
2
7
702
75 6
11
12
23
15
2
10
1
3
560
535
Class ii. — Offences against property with violence.
He du Prince-Edouard . . . -. ,\q-
TVT 11 1,. fl905|
Nouvelle-Ji,cosse. . 1904
XT T3 1 fl905
Nouveau-BrnnsNvick | 1<)()4
Quebec -^^904
Ontario •, -^^q^
Manitoba • 1 004
Colombie-Britannique. . . - laQj
T rp ., . (1905
Lies lerntoires -, 1004
V 1 fl905
Yukon -,j904
r- , / 1905
Canada -j , (^.
19
.34
7
5
195
120
280
365
50
22
15
19
1
4
569
470
10
11
1
1
101
46
93
71
5
6
3
4
1
2
8 105 3 214
1 ' 82 2141
10
14
8
4
83
80
142
131
18
13
7
13
1
2
269
257
2 31
1 ' 33
Ii
1 I 31
2 ■ 34
15
34
5
3
130
73
2.^9
197
52
20
9
14
452
173
.346 182
8TAT1STIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1904
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
175
Tableau ii
Recapitulation
par clasees et provinces.
BIRTH PLACES.
LIEUX DE XAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
DEXCE.
British Isles.
Other
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Deno-
X
5
Iles Britanniques.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch.of
Me-
Pres-
mina-
?r
'S
Uni-
ted
Coun-
tries.
Pos-
ses-
Bap-
tists.
tho-
lics.
Eng-
land.
tho-
dists
byte-
rians.
tions.
>.
"m
Eng-
s
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
—
c
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
tes-
^
^
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
Autr's
H
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
con-
TT
*3
Angle
Etats-
tres
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An-
tho-
byte-
fes-
se
a^
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
sions.
a-.
-^g
et
lando
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
■-
£ 3
Galles
gers.
ques.
o
Pi
Classe I. — Outrages centre la personne.
17
13
88
'3
5
1
8
17
14
10
52
1
21
3
4
8
5
13
14
97
4
1
1
11
1
1
4
8
20
13
1
72
2
17
2
13
42
27
8
6
10
1
99
12
28
2
6
9
2
0
2
4
2
25
6
31
5
17
1
3
1
2
22
10
8
6
3
293
10
31
1
279
11
5
0
42
7
306
61
11
13
2
329
8
IS
296
9
4
9
62
2
304
78
43
31
10
451
19
53
ie
189
138
103
76
52
30
482
133
36
32
9
431
26
46
1
11
186
148
87
75
47
25
471
115
15
6
o
24
1
36
1
34
15
8
10
7
8
68
18
7
2
29
10
23
1
28
11
9
6
2
(
47
25
11
5
3
34
20
13
i
1
18
10
10
4
14
15
93
9
6
1
2
22
6
21
13
5
4
3
12
8
46
14
I
10
4
4
1
1
3
2
3
3
9
14
3
i
15
6
11
18
5
2
4
2
14
22
" i
4
6
1
3
1
2
2
2
"1
"i'
2
5
1
3
1
2
6
89
49
22
949
57
144
9
42
603
199
146
107
133
70
1,095
266
77
51
13
948
61
137
4
32
613
209
119
101
144
45
1,022
283
Classe ii. — Delits avec violence contre la propriete.
"i'
2
'■'is'
36
4
5
187
1.35
239
233
34
11
8
!)
1
2
. .
2
3
-
1
3
2
2
2
"9'
8
2
7
17
2
4
163
124
87
78
23
6
2
4
1
2
8
8
1
5
37
6
77
67
6
6
1
3
"2
"3
... .
"ii'
52*
8
5
- 3
5
3
1
■3
5
7
34
30
5
2
■ '3
2
6
1
'12'
4
23
38
7
"7"
2
1
' '3'
5
23
6
1
1
' i
1
18
22
6
5
192
130
269
254
46
14
22
18
1
5
4
2
1
17
"13
"21
17
1
3
5
5
1
1
5
3
• 5
1
2
2
5
11
"2
""2
2
6
12
3
10
14
5
8
6
18
3
14
3
2
3
" '2
32
17
29
27
8
4
2
1
8
1
2
2
1
....
6
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
32
32
17
5
3
493
429
41
27
47
17
2
1
16
13
287
235
130
97
55
65
50
43
52'
.51
32
15
556
448
78
84
176
CRIMINAL ST ATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table ii.
Summary by classes and provinces.
PROVINCES.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folic.
M.
F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Con-
Con-
victed
victed
1st.
2nd.
Total.
—
—
Con-
Con-
dam-
dam-
nes
nes
une
deux
fois.
fois.
Reite-
rated.
Plus
de2
recidi-
ves.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprison'nes.
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
No Option.
Sans option.
Un-
der
one
One
year
and
option
entre
la pri-
son
year.
Moins
d'un
over
Un
an et
ou I'a-
m'nde
an.
plus.
Class hi. — Offences against property without violence.
Prince Edward Inland | J^^^
Nova Scotia - , U.j^
New Brunswick , ,.^,
Quebec ■' ^^^'^
^^^'^^^ 11904
Ontario {j|;,5
Manitoba -f 1;!^"?
I 1904
British Columbia -{ j^jj^^
The Territories | J^^^
VnVon 1 1905
Canada \lf^l
18
7
249
297
99
112
1,323
1,224
2,865
2,711
6 .. ..
3 i..l .
55 113 c.
100 15 ,
450
61
71
409
64
6
284
76
9
311
76
4
575
221
4
511
208
6
50
24
1
70
38
2
HI
5,913
1325
5,652
1525
i4L''
210 19
183 111!
841 :87i
808 ,96,
12
10
1
4
4
181
155
20
182
145
28
66
63
2
63
57
3
1,087
• 800
123
1,026
691
167
1,935
1,572
219
1,802
1,458
210
382
295
38
339
258
43
198
177
15
228
179
30
346
317
24
295
272
19
25
16
o
30
"21
5
4,232
3,405
447
3,969
3,085
505
6
9
1
3
164
1G8
144
134
49
38
6
19
5
4
4
4
380
379
1
6
4
1
2
198
144
120
118
83
55
3
7
12
424
339
9
2
68
55
26
16
523
479
759
725
98
95
123
171
219
180
13
16
1,838
1,739
21
15
128
112
13
15
19
19
22
15
4
2
211
184
Class iv. ^Malicious offences agfainst property.
Prince Edward Island . . .
( 1905
• • • "1 1904
/1905
••• (1904
r 1905
• • • 1 1904
/1905
• ■ • 1 1904
/1905
••■ 1,1904
fl90o
■ • ■ "I 1904
( 1905
8
6
14
15
4
8
31
35
69
80
11
8
18
8
44
34
9
12
4
1
8
6
3
7
12
11
30
39
3
6
8
1
31
18
6
9
105
9S
4
5
5
9
1
1
17
23
37
37
8
2
10
5
10
16
2
2
4
5
3
7
1
1
11
22
28
33
8
2
9
4
10
16
1
1
'"5
1
4
Nova Scotia . .
1
"2
2
1
2
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
i
2
2
' i
"2
'"2
1
6
3
"4
""3
1
"'2'
10
7
8
1
1
7
7
6
8
2
""2
2
2
Manitoba
British Columbia
"i
1
6
"5
""2
2
2
2
"i'
i
3
i
1
1
The Territories
Yukon
■ • 1 1904
i 1905
■■■ \ 1904
/1905
• \1904
ri905
• 11004
1
1
1
1
Canada
208
20G
1
2
94
100
75
91
9
8
10
1
23
26
20
21
8
4
STATISTIQUE CRIMIXELLE— 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
177
Tableau
II.
Recapitulation par classes et province
^■
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiaky.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
Penitencier.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Two
Other
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over.
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
voyes
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
kla
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Ser^i-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
ries.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
9ants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage.
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cinq.
me.
rales.
Cla.s.se III. — Delits sans violence contre la propriete.
2
1
1
54
53
16
30
210
263
738
683
124
137
21
21
36
31
6
9
1
1
3
-•Vg
3
19
13
44
65
19
19
2
5
25
28
" i'
19
as
5
9
226
208
191
153
83
53
43
57
13
13
9
6
"is'
13
3
3
38
93
88
77
14
16
2
10
"'3'
1
1
1
'21
12
1
4
205
155
189
172
34
37
21
21
8
4
6
10
1
"i
2
"i'
7
6
6
4
""3'
2
5
3
4
"67"
47
26
26
365
461
873
818
174
104
59 1
68
24
36
2
5
1
22
43
15
10
2.53
281
386
363
93
64
31
28
31
33
9
8
"6
4
1
"si
29
30
38
11
8
26
5
2
2.
12
3
27
1
1
2
2
3
8
16
23
5
6
2
21
27
8
3
73
56
135
84
8
13
5
"l
137
36
124
13
iO
59
50
51
788
61
709
39
■/■■
1,414
1,317
268
57
51
18
25
. . . .
224
97
10
171
46
1
3
10
9
, . ...
55
77
13
20
263
39
49
251
183
1,206
.1.228
118
135
589
532
164
216
486
415
23
18
1,594
1,-565
840
831
107
86
2,834
2,696
247
Classe IV. — Dommages malicieux contre la propriete.
1
....I
3
5
1
2
"i
7
6
17
10
4
.
■.■::::: ■::
1
3
3
4
'"i'
4
1
...... .......
"'.!.i" 3
i
1
2
2
1
2
4
1
1
::::::;: ;;::
1
2
2
I
"i
2
2
4
2
17
12
5
1
2
8
6
3
6
1
2
2
3
3
1
"i
3
i
3
3 1...
5 i
1
4
13
6
8
5
1
5
1
1
3
2
"2
"i
11
10
3
29
2
.. .. 4
24
3
1
1
3
1
3
"i
2
1
5
2
2
5
4"
■'5
3
3
8
8
3
2
1 1
i
2
3
12
9
6
- ...
1
9
30 ,
22
20
17
10
3
1
!)
8
1
1
37
27
24
.^0
5
65
52
-12
178
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table ii.
Summary by classes and provinces.
EDUCATIONAL
USE OP
STATUS.
LIQUORS.
—
AGES,
—
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DE
LIQUEURS
Un-
Under 1 16 years
21 years i
able to
16 1 and
and
40 years
Not
read
Ele-
years, under 21.
under 40.
and over.
given.
Im-
PROVINCES.
or
men-
Supe-
—
—
—
—
—
Mo-
mo-
write.
tary.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
Non-
de-
de-
de
et moins
et moins
et plus.
donne.
rate
rate
Inca-
Ele-
Supe-
Ifipns.
de21.
de40.
-
pable
men-
rieure
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F
Im-
de lire
taire.
Mo-
mo-
oud'e-
dere
dere-
crire.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F
Class hi.— Offences aprainst projjerty without violence.
He du Prince-Edouard . . , ,,f,"j
I 1905
Nouvelle-Ecosse 1Q04
Nouveau-Jsrunswick ,,.^,,
Quebec \^^l
Ontario {IJg
Manitoba ■ -.|.^,
Colonibic-Britannique. , . ,;,(.,
Les Territoires -{ jg]]^
V 1 (1905
Y"k"" \1904
Canada.
(1905
I 1904
20
18
14
8
149
231
108
105
C8
26
34
20
19
16
5
412
429
11
3
137
145
52
53
907
778
1,662
1,568
280
246
115
144
62
S6
17
22
3,243
3,045
2
37
47
15
13
151
102
317
•287
9 I 40
97 584
84 534
8
1
49
35
9
5
240
254
393
346
58
54
7
27
24
19
1
1
789
742
12
o/
26
23
501
13 1476
45
714
204
133
81
lid
51
.55
13
45 112
117
207
222
36
19
30
36
10
23
4
14
70 1659'132 423 51 475 I 7 2.563 1115
.56 1.582 112 445 ' 43 404 22 2560 962
11
16
13
8
110
108
26
33
54
41
258
189
?!
11
4
137
1.55
39
20
1&
27
36 18
.531 531
598 421
1372 446
1309 402
313 34
248
65
112
Class i v.— Malicious offences against property.
He du Prince-Edouard . . - -j (^.,
.....
4
5
5
6
1
4
5
3
1
4
3
6
1
1
9
16
24
20
6
2
8
3
7
5
Nouvelle-Ecosse | J^JJ
Nouveau-Brunswick ^[./l
Quebec -fl'"^^
Ontario Hl!^^
"2
1
?.
3
2
1
1
6 11
5 i 18
3 34
4 25
.. ..! 2
I 9
1 2
3 7
1 5
(
■;■". 2
1
7
11
16
10
6
2
8
3
4
2
2
1
50
36
'" 2
3
3
1
2
i'
5
9
6
7
1
8
7
1
9
5
1
1
2
5
1
13
12
1
1 1904
Manitoba | }[][*■]
Colombie-Britanniqiie. . . -. ^q^.j
Les Territoires - li.Ai
""l"
1
2
1
2
1
11
4
20
-
"?:'
2
1
I
6 ...
Yul<on. {l%l
2
"i' "..'.
2 . ..
i
19
7
....1 2
Canada {\^l
13 78
12 1 66
3
2
6
12
1
2
13
21
60
54
32
27
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
179
Tableau ii.
Recapitulation pas classes et provinces.
BIRTH PLACES.
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
RELIGIONS.
RESI-
DENCE.
British Isles.
Iles Britanniques.
Ca-
nada.
Uni-
ted
States
Etats-
XJnis.
Other
Fo-
reign
Coun-
tries.
Au-
tres
pays
etr an-
gers.
Other
Bri-
tish
Pos-
ses-
sions.
Autr's
posses
sions
Bri-
tanni-
ques.
Bap-
tists,
Bap-
tistes.
R.
Ca-
tho-
lics.
Ca-
tholi-
ques.
Ch. of
Eng-
land.
Eglise
d'An-
gle-
terre.
Me-
tho-
dists.
Me-
tho-
dis-
tes.
Pres-
byte-
rians.
Pres-
byte-
riens.
Pto-
tfs-
tants
Other
Deno-
mina-
tions.
Autr's
con-
fes-
sions.
J
>
i
1
o
o
'u
Eng-
lard
and
Wales
Angle
terre
et
Galles
Ire-
land.
Ir-
lande.
Scot-
land.
Ecos-
se.
1
O
'u
Classe III. — Delits sans violence contra la propriete.
9
3
7
1
2
2
7
5
4
121
2
69
2
12
5
2
131
2
11
3
7
5
6
7
10
32
11
17
31
5
3
3
146
0
0
5
32
80
16
14
8
24
4
147
28
3
1
58
4
14
28
11
4
5
2
4
51
15
?,
4
0
45
2
1
13
17
i
10
5
1
46
15
47
13
3
974
28
31
1
3
879
97
11
30
41
35
926
145
29
11
8
933
18
20
1
2
786
66
35
57
46
28
918
104
1B7
44
32
1,407
95
75
4
40
489
458
296
246
199
62
1,637
203
173
74
29
1.259
117
55
2
57
464
414
285
218
223
38
1,510
228
76
18
10
99
22
143
2
1.50
96
30
28
14
38
301
73
54
17
15
134
20
89
11
101
70
32
26
18
36
263
76
30
16
3
51
25
28
1
1
28
15
9
4
14
11
147
30
27
6
3
76
28
61
6
46
29
19
10
22
15
174
29
19
1
7
41
13
8
4
30
16
16
8
7
7
36.
58
15
3
2
50
34
0
3
27
22
15
6
23
4
51
60
1
6
4
9
4
0
1
1
9
21
3
2
11
i
5
4
6
3
2
8
2
291
3
19
10
353
96
()3
2,766
195
304
13
74
1,684
731
380
339
171
3,257
563
308
118
62
2,658
231
240
13
124
1,529
C27
412
338
360
129
3,130
552
Classe iv. — Dommages malicieux contre la propriete.
4
5
4
T
t
1
1
16
18
30
21
1
4
5
2
15
11
11
4
5
4
3
1
1
"1
3
3
""2
2
7
9
1
2
1
1
2
2
"1'
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
3
"i
1
1
1
2
1
4
4
"l \'. \
1
" 1
"'1'
""2
6
'"'i'
'"'i'
2
7
11
26
23
1
"9
1
'"2
2
10
1
3
4
1
1
1
"'8'
3
"I'
'5'
4
1
"4
12
11
8
1
2
()
7
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
i'
6
1
4
2
"1
i ' ....
2
1
4
1
1
3
2
1
3
"1
10
"2
6
;
12
4
s!
8 ! 2
4
60
56
11
10
10
5
\ 35
2 1 35
16
19
11
4
9
10
8
3
54
45
40
36
17-121
180
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table ii.
Summary by classes and provinces.
PROVINCES.
De-
tained
Number
Ac-
for
of
quit-
Lu-
Charges
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d 'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M. F
CONVICTIONS.
COND AMNATIONS .
Total.
Con-
victed
1st.
Con-
dam-
nes
une
fois.
Con-
victed
2nd.
Con-
dam-
nes
deux
fois.
Reite-
rated.
Plus
de 2
recidi-
ves.
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
Emprisonn^8 .
With
the
option
of a
fine.
Sur
option
entre
la pri-
son
ou I'a-
m'nde
No Option.
Sans option
Un- One
der year
one and
year. over.
Moins Un
d'un an et
an. plus.
Class v. — Forgery and offences against the currency.
Prince Edward Island - mox
Nova Scotia ... -', -i^qa
New Brunswick < •. ;,q ,
Quebec .-Ijgo^
r, . • f 190.5
Ontario -j jc,q^
AT -^ I fl905
Manitoba - -iqnt
British Columbia i ■. qu-
The Territories - ^omj
VI i 1905
Y"^o° .11904
Canada.. .
ri905
"1 1904
1
1
7
4
1
7
3
"3
2
11
4
1
5
1
.....
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
21
19
13
2
4
1
6
20
3
1
16
1]
4
1
4
2
86
15
1
70
49
15
6
1
25
14
75
17
1
57
35
9
13
8
4
52
52
42
28
17
11
9
13
16
11
5
5
42
16
18
2
IG
12
4
1
4
2
11
1
3
10
8
10
9
1
1
11
1
1
27
5
2
2
28
22
17
3
2
3
1
2
3
1
1
202
173
117
33
23 3
50
22
187
31
3
152
94
26
32
31
24
Class vi.— Other offences not included in the foregoing classes.
f 1905
Prince Edward Island - ^^Q^
( 1905
Nova Scotia < -. q^, ,
New Brunswick <^ q„V
Quebec {l901
n 4. ■ fl905
Ontario I 1 Q04
Manitoba -^]^^
British Columbia | j^g^^
The Territories |]-^[^-^
Canada -j ^q,^^
3
4
50
31
4
11
362 i 41
115 1 15
300 81
264
13
24
285
34
75
41
12
14
1,104
538
225
148
2
3
16
20,
2
11
314
97
203
182
11
11
235
25
56
21
10
6
849
376
2
9
6
1
2
294
82
156
137
8
9
228
13
36
739
265
10
.39
8
35
10
3
2
5
2
10
2
19
1
10
3
3
91
81
2
197
77
114
104
3
5
216
1
5
544
198
4
77
9
28
36
2
4
9
12
33
9
2
1
157
86
STATI8TIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
181
Tableau
II.
Recapitulation par classes et province
«.
SENTENCE.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
Penitentiary.
OCCUPATIONS.
—
Com-
ETAT CIVIL.
PiNITENCIER.
mit-
ted to
Refor-
Other
Two
years
ma-
Senten-
and
Five
D'th.
tories.
ces.
Agri-
Com-
In-
Pro-
un-
years
cul-
mer-
Do-
dus-
fes-
La-
Mar-
Wi-
der
and
Life.
—
—
—
tural.
cial.
mestic
trial.
sional
borers
ried.
dowed
Single
five.
over
—
—
—
De
En-
Autres
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Deux
Cinq
mort
vo/es
Senten-
ans
ans
A vie
a la
ces.
Agri-
Com-
Servi-
In-
Pro-
Jour-
Ma-
En
Celi-
et
et
prison
cul-
mer-
teurs.
dus-
fes-
na-
nes.
veu-
ba-
m'ns
plus.
de
teurs.
5ants.
triels.
sions
liers.
vage..
taires.
de
Refor-
libe-
cinq
ms.
rales.
Classe v. — Faux et delits par rapport a la monnaie.
Classe VI. — Autres delits non compris dans les classes precedentes.
1
2
1
2
i'
1
4
1
1
3
4
2
1
.
3
1
' io
3
""5
5
1
3
3
1
5
3 1.
14
5
5
2
4
1 1
G
10
6
13
3
1
13
7
23
1
12
20
15
3
49
7
9
29
2
32
3
0
2
8
17
1
35
17
6
1
12
28
,3
9
11
21
3
26
1?
9
1
23
7
8
10
1
31
6
3
4
1
7
2
1
13
1
1
1
1
1
5
3
1
1
7
3
2
1
4
15
2
1
1
.::::'
:'::-:
1
10
2
16
43
20
... 1 3
32
8
68
5
33
1 45
45
7
111
40
13
...! ....
44
5
61
7
15
3 1 38
40
2
99
1
6
4
1
lie'
17
27
28
1
2!
" i'
"" 1
'3
1
■ ■ ■
""'i
1
2
2
1
11
io
61
12
97
99
3
2
138
5
8
2
5
2
2
3
2
1
4
35
9
41
22
5
2
8
t
14
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
9
5
3
2
""5'
3
"5
1
'i04
57
30
18
1
4
29
3
1
1
3
1
■■3'
■ "3
2
3
3
""6
1
2
11
.... ^.
150
(?7
80
74
"2'
35
4
5
3
J
6
4
2
3
1
6
""i
2
2
14
?.
9
1
2
1
1
10
158
2
23
4
1
2
G
114
9
96
11
5
l'
I
"1
182
15
1
1
8
10
1 . . .
1
5
1
1 ■
5
9
17
2
6
8
1
108
48
29
13
173
85
15
5
179
51
I
309
1.56 .
273
164
14
9
496
175
182
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 19 05.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table ii.
Summary by classes and
provinces
EDUCATIONAL
CSK OF
STATUS.
LIQUORS.
—
AGES.
—
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DK
LIQUEURS
Un-
Under
16 years
21 years
able to
IR
and
and
40 years Not
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over, given.
Im-
PROVINCES.
or
men-
Supe-
—
— ■
—
— —
Mo- mo-
write.
tary.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans Non-
de- de-
de
et moins
et moirs
et plus, donne.
rate rate
Inca-
Ele-
Supe-
16 ans.
de21.
de40.
pable
men-
rieure
M.
F
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F. M.
J^'
Mo- Im-
de lire
tal re.
dere mo-
oud'e-
dere
crire.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
F.
H.
F. H.
F
Class v. — Forgery and offences against tlie currency.
1
4
3
He du Prmce-Edouard - ^g^^
""2
1
5
1
1
1
5
3
1
2
1
1
3
Nouvelle-Ecosse - ■, q.^^
T. • , fl905
1
i
Nouveau-Brunswick • ^c^^^
Q"'^^^'^ {l904
Ontario j ^^q^^
AT ■<. I /W05
Manitoba ... -^ , q^.
' "2
2
"1'
18
14
49
39
44
41
12
3
4
18
1
■17'
15
2
1
2
3
1
1
'4
2
1
9
18
8
13
2
1
1
2
14
7
41
23
37
25
10
5
4
15
"1'
"i'
"2
2
5
12
8
2
2
2
1
"2
4
6
4
i
1
9
8
42
43
42
26
9
5
5
11
10
8
23
11
3
16
Colombie-Britannique. . . - , qQ ,
T rr • - (1905
Les lerntoires - -.^q.
tr , fl905
2
3
I
2
1
"7'
Y"!^''"-- \1904
;;
23
35
112
79
'4
19
16
~
13
17
1
1
111
97
,
r^ J n905
l.^anada . . - j^qq ,
1
133
117
23
21
5
42
43
Class vi. — Other offences not included in the foregoing classes.
He du Prince-Edouard . . •. , qQ,
TV 11 -ci_ fl905
Nouvelle-llicosse - ,qq^
■NT -n 1 i 1905
Nouveau-Brunswick -^ , qq.
Q'lebec -^1904
p. . . /1905
Ontario ■[ ^q^^
TVT -.I /1905
Manitoba -'. -iqqa
(1905
Colombie-Britannique. . . iqQ>
Les Territoires - iq^^
V 1 ri905
Yukon [^q(j^
Canada I-, qr. ,
" i
3
"u
5
7
15
1
"59'
1
3
3
... ^.
2
3
14
16
2
11
302
90
180
152
7
8
66
16
10
11
6
5
2
3
9
11
1
4
211
65
113
112
2
145
12
11
11
3
4
497
229
"i
1
'2
"2
1
i'
"6
"3'
2
....
2
13
13
2
7
195
84
151
128
7
S
29
14
10
13
6
3
413
272
1
2
7
"i
'5
1
27
5
23
17
5
15"
3
6
"i'
23
3
4
50
21
29
33
1
'49'
1
2
1
2
132
70
2
\
1
4
3
2
10
16
2
3
19
10
44
8
5
80
41
i
1
10
6
14
"i'
1
" i
"i"
22
1
1
20
I
3
79
25
11
3
83
28
589
312
11
8
4
119
11
45
45
174
76
STATISTIQUE CR IMI N ELLE — 1 9 05,
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
183
Tableau ii.
Recapitulation par classes et provinces.
BIRTH PLACES.
—
RELIGIONS.
RESI-
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
DENCE.
British Isles.
Other
Other
1 1
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
m
IS
Iles Britaxxiqces.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
Uni-
Coun-
Pos-
Bap-
tho-
E.ig-
tho-
byte-
mina-
>
Eng-
ted
tries.
ses-
tists.
lics.
land.
dists
rians.
tions.
1
Q
land Ire- Scot-
States
ions.
Pro-
1
and land. land.
Ca-
—
—
>
!^
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
F^
.2
— —
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
-a
Angle
terre Ir- Scos-
Etats-
Unis.
tres
pays
sions
Bri-
tistes.
tholi-
ques.
d'An-
gle-
tho-
dis-
byte-
riens.
con-
fes-
i
et lande. se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
23
Oalles
gers.
qiies.
o
Classe v. — Faux et delits par rapport a la monnaie.
Classe VI. — Autre delits non compris dans les classes precedentes.
'""i"
7
1
1
' ii'
13
42
41
9
12
3
4
2
6
2
""2
""q
1
3
2
9
1
■■■■3
'""1'
2
_
1
1
3
1
6
3
1
1
1
1
"%
12
20
14
7
3
1
2
' 5
1
18
14
26
32
2
2
1
9
3
1
8
8
4
i
2
7
5
1
14
10
53
42
37
29
14
5
2
13
5
(>
16
12
15
13
1
8
8
■'2
5
....
1 : 1
11 ; 2
8 ^
27 4
24 1
1 3
4 1
' 1'
13
2
2
2
2
1
1
7
1
2
1
2
4
1
1
2
3
3
5
1
1
8
1
2
2
39
42
4
4
6
3
75 18 17
78 ■ 9 i 5
6
39
34
53
58
12
14
29
15
10
7
13
6
127
102
42
40
2
3
12
"i'
2
3
6
2
I
' ' 2
""i
"3
.....
" 4
2
-
1
16
2
i
1
14
1
1
3
17
3
2
10
1
2
1
5
......
"i
"1
\
1
6
23
3
183
4
100
i
185
58
6
6
11
48
288
26
1
75
2
17
74
2
2
1
16
92
5
21
2
115
11
47
5
78
45
24
9
18
14
160
36
15
4
2
93
6
52
12
85
20
15
16
19
5
147
27
3
3
1
3
1
3
3
1
5
6
4
1
6
2
1
1
1
3
2
i
8
i
4
25
15
171
•^
2
S
2
107
216
10
1
1
1
<
6
I
3
1
2
1
3
2
15
5
2
1
1
3
1
4
3
1
1
4
6
8
2
. . . /
8
2
2
6
3
2
2
1
6
8
1
"i
1
2
3
3
i
5
9
3
1
3
1
2
1
2
1
174
58
9
4
351
38
322
2
7
282
114
48
21
32
696
95
19
8
4
221
20
75
16
193
30
25
22
29
25
295
61
184
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table ii.
Summary by classes and provinces.
PROVINCES.
De-
tained
Number
of
Ac-
quit-
for
Lu-
Charges)
ted.
nacy.
Nombre
Ac-
d'accu-
quit-
De-
sations.
tes.
tenus
pour
cause
de
folie.
M. F
CONVICTIONS.
CONDAMNATIONS.
Total.
Con- Con-
SENTENCE.
Committed to Jail
EMPEISONNiS.
With I No Option.
the ! —
victed victed Reite- option Sans option
1st. 2nd. rated, of a
fine.
Con-
Sur
Un- One
der year
Con- Plus option one and
dam- dam- de 2 entre year. over,
nes nes recidi- la pri-j _ — j^-
une
fois.
deux
fois.
ves. I son Moins Un
iou I'a-j d'un an et
jm'nde I an. plus.
Grand totals by provinces.
1905
Prince Edward Island j ^qq^
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
1 1JI04
j 1905
U904|
n 1 ri905
Q'-iebec -,;^304l
Ontario
Manitoba
British Columbia .
1 1905
\1904
( 1905
"I 1904
(1905,
"I 1904
The lerritones - ^qq^
Yukon
(1905
11904
^ , fl905 .10,951
'^^"^'^'^ I 1904 9.901
02
41
863 237
664 206
177
213
2,529
2,139
46
415
370
4,904 1520
4,701 1502
719 103
611 115
823 210
529 135
987
862
87
141
441
373
42 3
'9 6
2
1
41
1
21
3037
2870
16
- 37
28 I
.384
434
126
122 I
311
316
2,065 1,572
1,738 1,266
3,236
3,034
609
489
598
379
527
476
42
54
29 7,624
10 6,754
2,635
2,454
460
363
554
301
470
430
29
41
5
2
47
85
26
13
237
232
381
347
74
67
34
52
50
36
9
9
6,159
5,295
863
843
256
240
220
233
602
616
664
521
530
483
135
108
284
26
32
10
114
116
35
27
776
624
1,112
4,053
141
119
172
226
298
253
17
26
1,796 t 2,697
1,302 2,454
10
18
38
31
222
219
29
35
35
32
30
29
368
367
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 190 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
185
Tableau ii.
Recapitulation par classes et provinces.
SENTENCE.
Penitentiary,
p^nitencier.
Two
years
and
Five
un- years
der and
five. over.
Deux
ans
et
m'ns
de
cinq.
Cinq
ans
et
pluj.
Life.
A
vie.
D'th.
Com- j
mit-
ted to
Refor- Other
ma- Senten-
tories ces.
De En- Autres
mort 1 voyes ! Senten-
! k la , ces.
prison
de Re-
forme.
OCCUPATIONS.
Agri- 1 Com- 1 In-
cul- mer- Do- dus-
tural. ' cial. mestic trial.
Agri- Com- 1 Servi-
cul- I mer- [teurs.
teurs. 9ants,
In-
dxjs-
triels.
Pro
fes- La-
sional borers
Pro- I Jour-
fes- i na-
sions liers.
libe-
rales.
CIVIL
CONDITION.
ETAT CIVIL.
Mar- Wi-
ried. do wed Single
Ma-
ries.
En Celi-
veu- ba-
vage. taires.
Grands totaux par provinces.
2
1
1
84
92
3
1
8
12
3
2
51
57
32
20
2
5
50
34
1
1
21
15
142
132
4
7
69
97
11
4
33
1
11
16
1
21
60
70
1
1
26
41
253
246
22
18
3
2
1
1
9
4
20
44
10
13
16
10
3
4
15
1
1
36
60
29
18
1
80
02
124
122
20
24
2
2
86
59
355
355
46
54
422
335
48
114
420
267
14
17
710
769
595
571
43
43
1,3.^0
1,062
126
117
63
70
1
5
1
161
113
1,016
y78
120
122
296
266
102
99
353
308
17
11
1,568
1,4.58
795
763
45
54
2,194
2,022
76
26
8
14
14
188
156
34
37
139
100
21
17
64
57
1
1
241
1.54
154
103
15
10
409
49
321
50
28
12
14
2
8
8
1
35
44
12
13
104
72
9
12
84
30
6
4
239
127
105
51
35
6
365
262
58
92
18
20
1
1
1
65
46
48
43
18
19
5
12
6
5
3
42
66
44
58
6
3
89
. 132
1
4
153
1.56
8
12
" "i
12
13
1
1
7
12
1
7
14
11
11
22
37
.519
501
2 12
14
305
232
1,772
1,728
281
296
1,061
874
216
273
1,007
727
48
44
3,006
2,795
1,806
1,679
153
120
4,775
4,195
186
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table ii
Summary by classes and
pro^
inces.
EDUCATIONAL
USE CF
STATUS.
LIQUORS.
—
AGES.
—
INSTRUCTION.
USAGE DK
-
LIQUEURS
Un-
Under
16 years
21 years
able to
16
and
and
40 years
Not
read
Ele-
years.
under 21.
under 40.
and over.
given.
Im-
PROVINCES.
or
men-
Supe-
—
—
—
—
—
Mo-
mo-
write.
tary.
rior.
Moins
16 ans
21 ans
40 ans
Non-
de-
de-
de
et moins
et moins
et plus.
donne.
rate
rate
Inca-
Ele-
Supe-
16 ans.
de21.
de40.
—
pable
men-
rieure
M.
E
M.
E.
M.
E.
M.
E.
M.
!•
Alo-
im-
de lire
i,aire.
dere
mo-
ou d'e-
dere
crire.
H.
F
H.
F.
H.
E.
H.
E.
H.
E
Grand totals by provinces.
He dii Prince-Edouard . . . ,,'.q,
Nouvelle-Ecosse • -j^.m^
Nouveau-Brunswick • .q^^,
Quebec [v.m
Ontario | ^qq^
Manitoba •! ^nnA
1 1905
Colorabie-Britanniqne .. . ■ loni
T rr •, • fl905
Les lerntoiies ^ \Q(\i
V 1 11905
Yukon \ ^9^4
Canada.. .
38
40
19
15
255
318
179
180
89
30
102
35
30
44
ri905 712
\ 19041 6.-9
36
1
24
3
283
6
295
12
90
96
1,690
1,346
22
12
2,748
2,575
92
74
450
376
15
8
296
223
11
23
100
147
n
9
26
40
5
5,719
5,122
163
143
118
396
370
70
74
24
14
3
4
3
3
751
663
2i 77
2 61
12
7 102
6 365
i
.35!.!)99
19519
ui 84
7' 78
39
38
157
149
19 11020
16 1 848
48 L407
.32 ,1318
9 328
12 222
. . . . '313
....,181
....I 80
101
I
1 ; 20
.... 21
14 32
13 45
25
14
74 240
63 '239
■i
83 1399
71 426
49 1251! 82 3396 190 870
34 1104 65 2909 164 868
7 46
8 70
9 89
17 I 65
46 216
31 234
113
93
14
17 20
14 14
257
304
970
918
^^7
43
47
51
98.')
769
2188 825
2076 756
1 486 51
4 356 I 65
. .391 3
2 290 9
10 2
5
65 939 28
66 835 46
179 78
192 69
114 20
138 42
28 3
32 16
43012096
4085 i 1825
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 190 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
187
TABLEAt; II.
Recapitu'ation par classes et pro\inces.
BIRTH PLACES.
—
RELIGIONS.
RESI-
LIEUX DE NAISSANCE.
DENCE.
British Isles.
Other
Other
—
Fo-
Bri-
R.
Other
e
Iles Britanniqces.
reign
tish
Ca-
Ch. of
Me-
Pres-
Deno-
•E
Uni-
Coun-
Pos-
Bap-
tho-
Eng-
tho-
byte-
mina-
>
.2
Eng-
ted
tries.
ses-
tists.
lics.
land.
dists
rians
tions.
I
Q
land
Ire-
Scot-
States
sions.
Pro-
s
1
and
land.
land.
Ca-
—
—
tes-
>
Wales
nada.
—
Autr's
tants
H
—
—
—
Au-
posses
Bap-
Ca-
Eglise
Me-
Pres-
Autr's
n .
Angle
Etats-
tres-
sions
tistes.
tholi-
d'An
tho-
byte-
con-
c
Q^
terre
Ir-
Ecos-
Unis.
pays
Bri-
ques.
gle-
dis-
riens.
fes-
S
I?'
et
lande.
se.
etran-
tanni-
terre.
tes.
sions.
h 0
Oalles
gers.
ques.
O
tf
Grand totaux par provinces.
26
20
3
8
93
45
252
250
127
92
53
38
22
30
3
2
579
486
82
125
165
200
10
104
85
34
26
3
250
278
9
11
94
92
""2
1,664
1,503
57
30
2,284
2,078
153
171
170
192
26
39
123
120
78
47
63
SO
27
46
12
21
7
12
4694
4390
360
358
"i
11
23
16
8
11
i
174
64
2
1
203
158
6
3
205
117
217
86
2
14
24
9
7
"4
844
479
29
21
1
1
2
28
52
136
155
68
55
16
27
23
22
41
43
14
14
9
14
6
3
1528
1307
210
84
25 !
42
70
88
874
838
743
672
480
450
5
14
215
139
147
124
49
52
2
6
56
69
31
41
44
30
4
6
46
56
21
41
20 !
20 1
1
2
5
11
8
8
8 1
4 :
139
193
2930
2639
1243
1040
653
639
36
15
10
57
36
111
118
381 2t)8
351 ! 335
557 527
523 (>01
12
265
291
85
!ta 11733
51 1465
136 2627
80 i2447
46
135
25
468
223
458
360
501
259
.5785
5042
64
64
25
38
279
222
428
417
127
128
53
.60
94
103
5
20
1084
105(>
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 A. 1906
TABLE III.
SUMMARY CONVICTIONS.
TABLEAU in.
CONnAMNATIONS SOMMAIRES.
190
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi. — Summary convictions
by police
magistrates and other justices.
Province of Prince Edw.^ro Isl.\ni).
King's.
Prince.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam -
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam -
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferre
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com- 1
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
1
1
7
1
7
Breach of peace
1
1
Contempt of court
Disturbing religious and like meetings ... .
1
1
Larceny
Liquor License Acts, offences against ....
30
3
33
Selling liquor during prohibited hours
Other damage to property ....
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
Exercising various callings without license
2
2
Highways, offences relating to
.::...!.
Threats and abusive langut ge
Trespass
1
1
"2
57
2
57
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language.
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses anc
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against
Insanity
1
1
Totals
2
2
101
3
— 1 1 —
102i 2
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 1905
oESSONAL PAPER No. 17
191
Tableau hi.—
Condamnations
sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix.
Province de lTle du Prince-Edouard.
•.llEEX's.
Totals of P. E. Island.
Totaux de ITle du P.-E.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFEXSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
bur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Ee-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IE.
3 ...
3
2
4
10
4
10
2 ...
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'arnies illegal.
Mepris de cour.
Cruaute envers les animaux.
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres.
Infractions aux lois des pecherie.*.
" defendant le jeu.
1 ...
1
...
1
1
1
1
Incorrigible.
34 "7
41
64
io
' "74
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
Ventede boissons durant lesheuresdefendues
1
de boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
1
.serviteurs.
24
2
2
IS
"23 "1
"'"24
"23
2
2
18
"1
Divers jxitits delits.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique.
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
Xeglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
Infract, aux lois concemant les pharmaciens.
2 ...
2
18
18 ...
j
1
. . 1
... I...
Delits centre le revenu de I'Etat.
1
' i
1
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietenient.
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
1
r,
2 2
114 1
ho
" '3
4
'5
4
171
■^■4
2
1
"172
4
"'3 !!!
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des iioids et mesures.
Alienation mentale.
1
.5 2
7
5
"3
2
2
7
3 2
.5
fi
210 15
216
4
5
313
18l 320
r,
Totaux.
192
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi. — Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices.
Province of
Nova Scotia.
Annapolis.
Antigonlsh.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
M. IF.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted De-
without ferred
option. &c.
Empri- Re-
sonnes mise,
sans etc.
option.
1
M. IF.
Adulteration of food
1
1
!
Carrj'ing fire-arms and vuilawful weapons. . .
Contempt of court
Fishery Acts, offences against
Gambling Acts "
Game Laws . "
Incorrigible s
Larceny :
" of dogs, birds, &c
Liquor License Acts ofifences against . . .
Breach of Canada Temperance Act
Selling liquor during prohibited hours
" without license
15
15
"is
"3
16
Violation of Indian liquor law
Malicious injurj' to property
Other damage to property
Master's and Servant's Acts, ofifences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
Militia Acts "
Miscellaneous minor offences
Municipal Acts and By-Laws, breaches of. .
Exercising various callings without license.
Health By-laws, offences against
Highways, offences relating to
Neglecting to support family
Pharmacy Acts, offences against . . .
Profanation of the Lord's Day
Railwaj^ Acts, offences against
Revenue Laws "
Seamen Acts " . .
Statute Labour, offences relating to
Threats and abusive language
Trespass
Vagrancy
Drunkenness
10
8
2
13
13
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language . .
'
2
2
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly.
5
5
Insanity
31
^
Totals
.SO
28
2
28
3
STATISTIQUE C R IMI^^ ELLE — 1 905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
193
Table
AU III.—
Condamnations
sommaires par magistr
ats de police et autres juges de paix.
Provinxe de la Nouvelle-Ecosse.
Cape Eretox.
Colchester.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam -
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFEXSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. |F.
1
1 ;
73 7
79
29
2
2
2
1
7
8
3
10
7
271 2
2 .^
Perturbation de la paix.
9
2
Mepris de cour.
1
1
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres
4 ...
4
._... .
" defendant le jeu.
Incoi rigible.
9 ..
8
i
1
1
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
148
7
155
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
Vente de boi.ssonsdurant les heures defendues
12
2
14
1
26
"i
1
27
1
2
boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages lualicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
servnteurs.
Inf. aux lois concei-nant la med. et les dent.
Divers petits deliti^.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique.
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
Xeglig. de pourvoir aux besoinsde la tamille.
Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens.
Profanation du dimanche.
Infractions aux lois des cheniins de fer.
5
4
9
1
27
1
9
1
27
2
2
' 1
1
i
1
1
1
. .
3
3
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
ExiX)sition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
1
io
49
i
1
1
2
58
1,296
2
2
"3
154
"(5
2
2
134
2
54
1258
2
"" 6
11
ii
i
15:
?,?.
33
2
14
1
1
2
8
1
13
4
1
5
1
1
2
14
1707
79
1,763
23 197
14
181
16
Totaux.
-13
194
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1 9 05.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi.— Summary convictions by police
magistrates and other justices.
Province of Nov.v Scotia— Continued.
CUMBERL.VXD.
Di<;by.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence. 1
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
pp.
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. iF.
Adulteration of food
Assaults
Breach of peace
Carr>dng fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . .
34
26
"i
1
3
37
24
1
1
2
3
3
3
3
Cruelty to animals
Larceny •
1
1
Breach of Canada Temperance Act
17
17
5
1
6
Violation of Indian liquor law
Malicious injury to property. . .
"is
'"'10
"1
"1
. . ^ .
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, off ences against
Municipal Acts and By-Laws, breaches of.. .
Exercising various callings wnthout license
3
3
2
2
6
6
Threats and abusive language
Trespass
"2
3
i
1
"167
""2
26
2
1
3
"i
1
3
1
164
"i
2.5
297
Indecent exposure .
Insulting, obscene and prof ane language . .
Keeping, frequenting bawdj' houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against
Insanity ....
! 19
Totals
11
.S04
2
2
1
20
STATISTIQUE CR IMI N E L L E— 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
195
Tableau hi. — Condamnations somnsaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix.
Province de la Nouvelle-Ecosse — Suite.
GUYSBOROUGH.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
M. IF.
Sentence.
Op-
Com-
tion
mitted
of a
without
fine.
option.
Sur
Empri-
option
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
n
10
-131
Halifax.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam -
na-
tions.
M. IF.
Sentence.
Op- Com-
tion mitted De-
of a without ferred
fine, i option. &c.
Sur Empri- Re-
option sonnes mise,
sans etc.
option. !
OFFENCES.
10
55
31
24
17
172
7
10
79
4
1
17
1
26
2
4
502
2
73
1
1
11
16
164
7
46
'7!
2\.
4
1
5
1
7
2
1
.527
1
80
] 1034 127 1 1,048
17
45
. . . [Falsification de substances alimentaires.
26|Voies de fait.
1 Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
. . . Cruaute envers les animaux.
. . . Perturbation de reunions religieuseset autres
Infractions aux lois des pecheriep.
2 " defendant le jeu.
■ • • ■ _ " de chasse.
. Incorrigible.
... Larcin.
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
. . . Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
. . . Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
. . .[Ventedeboissonsdvu-antlesheuresdefendues.
• . ■ " sans licence.
. . . Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de
j boisson aux Sauvages.
. . Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
1 Autres dommages k la propriete.
. . . Infractions aux lois concemant les maitres et
I serviteurs.
. . . 'Inf. aux lois concemant la med. et les dent.
1 " la milice.
. . Divers petits delits.
2 Contraventions aux lois munici pales.
. . . i' Pratiquant divers etats sans Ucence.
. . . Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publicjue.
. . . ! Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
. . . Xeglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
. . . I Infract, aux lois concemant les pharmaciens,
. . Profanation du dimanche.
. . . Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
. . Delits centre le revenu de I'Etat.
12 Infractions aux lois maritimes.
. . Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
19 Menaces et langage injurieux.
. . . Empietement.
Vagabondage.
. . I\Tesse.
1 Exposition indecente.
. . Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
• 1 Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
. . . Conduite dereglee.
. . . Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
2 Alienation mentale.
681
.Totaux.
196
C R I :M I X A L S T A T I S T I C S — 1 9 0 5 .
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi. — Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices.
Provinxe of Nova Scotia — Continued.
H.\NT.S.
INVEKNES8.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tious.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted De-
without f erred
option. &c.
Empri- Re-
sonnes mise,
sans etc.
option.
1
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Siir
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
Adulteration of food
"i
1
Assault?
Breach of peace
Carryine: fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . .
Contempt of court
Disturbing religpious and like meetings
Fishery Acts, offences against
Gambling Acts "
....
Game Laws "
Incorrigible
....
Larceny
" of dogs, birds, &c
.
" of timber, trees, fruits, &c
.3 ...' 3
Liquor License Acts, offences against
4 ... 4
Breach of Canada Temperance Act . .
Selling liquor during prohibited hours ....
1
" without license
9 ...
9
1 .. . .!_...
Violation of Indian liquor law. . ....
Malicious injury to proi^erty
t
Other damage to property
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against.
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
Militia Acts "
...
Miscellaneous minor offences
•
Municipal Acts and By-Laws, breaches of. .
Exercising various callings %vithout license.
Health By-laws, offences against
Highways, offences relating to
Neglecting to support family
Pharmacy Acts, offences against
Profanation of the Lord's Day
Railway Acts, offences against
Revenue Laws "
Statute Labour, offences i^lating to.
Trespass
1
1
Vagrancy
3
Drunkenness
10
9
1
3
Indecent exposure ....
Insulting, obscene and jirofane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly ...
1
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against.
Insanity ....
3
—
Totals
28
24
' 4
3
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
197
Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix.
Province de la Xouvelle-Ecosse — Suite.
King's.
Lunenburg.
Con-
vic-
tions.
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
M. IF.
Sentence.
Op- [ Cora-
tion mitted De-
of a ^vithout ferred
option. &c.
fine.
Sur Empri Re-
option sonnes uiise,
I sans etc.
option. [
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
M. IF.
Sentence.
Op- ' Com-
tion mitted
of a without
fine, option.
Sur I Empri-
option sonn#s
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
OFFENSES.
17
1 .
21
14
23
82
26
25
3i 63 12
34
23
Falsification de substances alimentaires.
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d 'amies illegal.
Mepris de cour.
Cruaute envers les animaux.
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres.
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
" de chasse.
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons .
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
Vente de boissons durant les heuresdef endues
' ' sans licence.
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente
de boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
Aiitres dommages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois cone ernanfc les maitreset
serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent.
" de la milice.
Divers petits delits.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique.
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famiUe.
Infrac. aux lois concernant les pharmaciens.
Profanation du dimanche.
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat.
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
Delits ayant rapport k la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
Vas
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infraction aux lois des ix)ids et mesures.
Alienation mentale.
3 Totaux.
198
CRIMINAL STATISTICS, 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi.— Summary convictions by
police magistrates and other justices.
Province of Nova Scotia — Concluded.
PiCTOU.
Queen's.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
(^tion
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
7
7
"1
7
8
8
1
"i
6
2
2
Breach of peace .
5
4
8
8
Disturbing religious and like meetings
2
2
■■■;..
" of timber, trees, fiuits, &c ....
1
1
Liquor License Acts, offences against
23
7
29
1
10
2
11
1
Other damage to property
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against.
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
Militia Acts • "
6
0
Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . .
Exercising various callings without license
"5
5
3
3
Highways, offences relating to
9
9
1
1
Pharmacy Acts, offences against
Railway Acts, offences against.
-
Seamen Acts "
1
1
Trespass
Vagrancy
Drunkenness
Indecent exposure.
8
164
1
' 'i.5G
6
3
9
43
42
2
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly
2
2
1
2
3
9
7
2
Insanity
252
12
Totals
242
7
15
76
4
75
2
3
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 •
199
Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de pais.
Province de la Nouvelle-Ecosse— i^i«.
Victoria.
YAR.MOUTH.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam -
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam -
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFF.XSES
Op- 1
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com- ;
mitted
%\athout
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op- 1
tion
of a
fine. 1
Sur
option
Com- 1
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
1
De-
ferred
kc.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. |F.^
M. IF.
Falsification de substances alimentaires.
,14
11
3
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
"i
1
30
1
1
30
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
Cruaute en vers les animaux.
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres
Infraction.^ aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
" de chasse.
Incorrigible.
9
2
Larcin.
Vol de chien.s, oiseaux, etc.
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
16
3
16
3
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
...
Canada.
Vente de boissons durant les heufesdef endues.
" sans licence.
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de
boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres donmiages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concemant les maitres et
serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois concemant lamed, et les dent.
" de la milice.
Divers petits delits.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
1
1
•
.
1
2
1
2
(
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
1
1
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
Inf. aux lois concemant les pharmaciens.
Profanation du dimanche.
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat.
3
1
2
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
Delits aj'ant rapport a la corvee.
3
5
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
1
51
1
47
1
1
3
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
Exposition indecente.
2
2
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
|...
|...
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
"fl
-llJl.
3
"i
" 1
Infractions aux lois des poidset mesures.
Alienation mentale
5
]
2
3
128
6
II9I s' 7
1 Totaux.
200
CRIMIXAL STATISTICS— 19 05.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
TABLii; III. — Summary convictions by police
magistrates and other justices.
Provinck ok New Brunswick.
Albert.
Carletox.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
Adulteration of food
Assaults
2
1
2
1
1
i ■::::;." ::■;■■
Breach of peace
3
3
Carrying fire-arms and vmlawful weapons. .
Contempt of court
Cruelty to animals
Disturbing religious and like meetings
*
Fishery Acts, offences against
Gambling Acts "
1
Game Laws "
Incorrigible
Larceny
1
1
' ' of dogs, birds, &c
" of timber, trees, fruits, &c
[ 1
Liqvior License Acts, offences against
Breach of Canada Temperance Act
43
1
44
Selling liquor during prohibited hours ....
" without license
Violation of Indian liquor law
Malicious injury to property '.
Other damage to propert j'
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against.
a
3
Militia Acts "
ISIiscelianeous minor offences
Municipal Acts and By-Laws, breaches of. .
Exercising various callings without license.
Health By-laws, offences against
Highwaj's, offences relating to .
Neglecting to support family
Pharmacj' Acts, offences against
Profanation of the Lord s Day
Railway Acts, offences against
Revenue Laws ''
Seamen Acts " i..
Statute Labour, offences relating to
Threats and abusive language
Trespass
Vagrancy
Drunkenness
18
I
19
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly
....
^Veights and Pleasures Acts, offences against.
^
Insanity
...'..
Totals
7
7
K4
3
H7
STATISTIQUE C RI M I N E LL E— 1 9 0 5 . 201
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrals de police et autres juges de paix.
Province du Xouveac-Brunswick.
Charlotte.
Gloucester.
Con-
vic-
tions
'Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
1 sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
Falsification de substances alimentaires.
6
6
3
8
1
9
Voies de fait.
4
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
Cruaute envers les animaux.
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
" de chasse.
4
4
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
.
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
1
1
' 1
56
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
55
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
Ventede boissons durant lesheures def endues
" sans licence.
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente
de boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et
serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent.
" de la milice.
Divers petits deUts.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique.
Debts ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
Xeglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la f amille.
Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens.
"2
2
Profanation du dimanche.
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
Debts centre le revenu de I'Etat.
2
1
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
1
1
,S
"4
3
165
" i
3
3
"2
3
3
■■"3
161
"i
.s
3
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
...... ....,
5
20
2
239
242
1
2
1
22 ...
Tr.taux.
202
CniMIXAL STATIST! CS— 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Tablk III. — Summary convictions by ixjlice magistrates and other justices.
Province of New BuvyswicK— Continued.
Kent.
King's.
Sentence.
Sentence.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
Con-
vic-
Op-
Com-
Op-
Com-
tions
tion
mitted
De-
tions
tion
mitted
De-
Total
of a
without
ferred
Total
of a
without
ferred
fine.
option.
&c.
fine.
option.
&c.
Con-
— .
— ■
Con-
—
—
—
dam-
Sur
Empri-
Re-
dam-
Sur
Empri-
Re-
na-
option
sonnes
mise,
na-
option
sonnes
mise,
tions.
sans
option.
etc.
tions.
sans
option.
etc.
M. 1 F.
M. |F.
Adulteration of food
Assaults
Breach ol peace
Carrj-ing fire-arm.s and unlawful weapons.
Conteinpt of court
Cruelty to animals
Disturbing religious and like meetings. . .
Fishery Acts, offences against
Gambling Acts "
Game laws "
Incorrigible
Larcenj'
" of dogs, birds, &c
" of timber, trees, fruits, &c
Liquor License Acts, offences against . . . .
Breach of Canada Temperance Act
Selling liquor during prohibited hours
" without license
Violation of Indian liquor law
Malicious injury to property j
Other damage to property I
Master'.s and Servant's Acts, offences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against.
Militia Acts "
Miscellaneous minor offences
Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . .
Exercising various callings without license
Health By-laws, offences against
Highways, offences relating to
Neglecting to support family
Phannacy Acts, offences against
Profanation of the Lord's Day
Railwaj- Acts, offences against
Revenue Laws "
Seamen Acts "
Statute Labour, offences relating to
Threats and abusive language
Trespass
Vagrancy
Drunkenness
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language. ,
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly . .
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against
Insanity
Totals.
3 ..
23
23
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELL E— 19 0 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
>03
Iableau III.— Condamnations
sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix.
PROviycp; DU Nouveau-Brunswick — Suite.
XORTHUMBERLAXD.
St. Johx.
St-Jeax.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op- [ Com-
tion mitted
of a ' without
fine, option.
Sur ! Empri-
option sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
:::
"l9
1
Falsification de substances alimentaires.
19
1
38
17
3
3
39
20
2
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mejjris de cour.
Cruaute envers les animaux.
1
1
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
15
15
" de chasse.
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
12
3
•3
12
3
10
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons .
59
2
61
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
Ventede boissdr.s durant les heures defendues
" sans licence.
Contravention a, la loi relative a la vente de
boi.sson aux Sauvages.
Dommages maiicieux a la propriete.
Autres domniages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concernant les maltres
1
::: i
6
G
serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent.
" de la milice.
5
1
1
3
2
Divers petits delits.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois surl'hygienepublique.
Delits aj-ant rapport aux chemins publics .
Neglig. de iX)urvoir aux besoins de la famiUe.
Infrac. aux lois concernant les pharmaciens
5 ...
18
1
19
1 ...
1 ...
3 ...
1
1
2 ...
"4
3
Profanation du dimanche.
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
"ft
'.'.'. '" 9
"3
"3
■'si
801
3
Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat.
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
' i
"3
.'"
"4
19
4
■■'16
843
2
33
16
Delits ayant rapixjrt a la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
1
1^ 2
4
15?
152
4
18
2
30
17
i
7
" U
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
i
Alienation mentale.
80
?73
3
272
4 M.'i
1,029
31' 13
Totaux.
204
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi.— Summary con\ictions by police magistrates and other justices.
Province of New Brunswick — Concluded.
Province du Nouveau-Brunswick— Fin.
Westmoreland.
York.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam- ■
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c,
^-
mise,
etc.
M, IF.
M, |F.
.5
3
1
6
ii 3
2 1
14
3
3l'" ■ ■
Cruelty to animals
Disturbing religious and like meetings
Fishery Acts offences against . . ...
1
1
".'.}'.'.'.
Gambling Acts "
1
1
Larceny. . . .
1
. .. 1 1
1
i
" of dogs, birds, &c
Liquor License Acts, offences against
Breach of Canada Temperance Act
Selling liquor during prohibited hours
" without license
5
68
"'l8
"4
5
72
" "l8
45!...
45
'...'..
Violation of Indian liquor law
"i
... ^
Other damage to property. .
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
Militia Acts, offences against
Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of
Exercising various callings without license
3
3
1
1
2
Highways, offences relating to
3
3
Neglecting to s^upport family
Pharmacy Acts, offences against
Profanation of the Lord's Day
9
9
Seamen Acts "
Threats and abusive language
4
4
Vagrancy . .
1
399
1
'4
i
1
144
"4
' 147
1
1
2
1
1
Drunkenness
403
1
Indecent exposure
1 ...
1 -
Keeping, frequenting bawdj' houses and
inmates thei-eof.
4
3
1
2
2
2
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against.
Insanity
521
3
8
1
1
Tottls
17
528 2I
8 216' 11
221
3
3
S T A T 1 S T I Q U E C R I M I N E L L E— 1 9 0 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
205
Tableau
III. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de jxjlice et autres juges de paix.
Province of ^^uebec.
Province de Quebec.
Akthabaska.
Beacce.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sin-
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
Falsification de substances alimentaires
10
10
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
". . .
Cruaute envers les animaux.
:': ::-^
1
1
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres.
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
2
9
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
13
1.3
16
16
'
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
6
6
23
??•
90
9.
92
de boisson aux Sauvages.
Domniages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et
serviteurs.
4
;;;
3
1
• • •
" de la milice.
Divers petits delits.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur l"hygiene publique.
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens .
1
1
•
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
. . . ^
■ ?
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
Menaces et langage injin-ieux.
Empietenient.
Vagabondage.
Ivrosse.
' ■
18
6
18
2
5
...
5
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des jxjids et nieeures.
Alienation mentale.
87
84
3
112
2' 109
5
Totaux.
206
CRIMINAL STATISTIC S— 1 905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi.— Summary convictions by police ma^strates and other justices.
Province of Quebec — Continued.
Beauharnois.
Bedi
■ORD.
UFFENGES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
M. IF.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Siir
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri -
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted De-
without,f erred
option. ; &c.
Empri- Re-
sonnes raise,
sans etc.
option.
M. IF.
-
5
5
"3
6
4
'" 3
1
Carrj'ing fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . .
Contempt of court
Cruelty to animals
Disturbing religi^jus and like meetings
Fishery Acts offences against
1
"i
1
1
Liquor License Acts, offences against
1
1
15
y
27
27
Selling liquor during prohibited hours
14
7
1
2
2
3
2
3
Malicious injury to property . . . .
1
1
;;}
1
1
1
1
1
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
1
Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . .
Exercising various callings without license
18
7
"2
15
6
3
3
2
2
2
2
Profanation of the Lord's l)ay
i
....
^
1
1
1
2
Vacrancv . ....
22
••.■■-
19
4
5
"i
4
1
1
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly ..
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against
Totals
61
7
61
1
6
86
1
57
20
10
STATISTIQUE CRIMIXELL E— 1 9 0 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
•207
Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres jiiges de paix.
Province de Quebec — Suite.
Chicoutimi.
Gaspe.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
M. IF.
Sentence
Op-
Com-
tion
mitted
De-
of a
without
ferred
fine.
option.
&c.
Sur
Empri-
Re-
option
sonnes
mise,
sans
etc.
option.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
M. IF
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Sur Empri-
optionj sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
OFFENSES.
J|;::
2 ...
. 2
17 2
10
1 12
Falsification de substances alimentaires.
2 Voies de fait.
. Perturbation de la paix.
. Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
Cruaute en vers les animaux.
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres.
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
" de chasse.
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons .
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
Vente de boissons durant les heures def endues.
" sans licence.
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente
de boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
1; Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et
serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent .
" " la milice.
Divers petits delits.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique.
Delits aj^ant rapport aux chemins publics.
Neerlig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
Infrac. aux lois concernant les pharmaciens .
Profanation du dimanche.
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat.
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Enipietement.
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane. ,
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
Alienation mentale.
3 Totaux.
208
CRIMINAL S T A T I S T I C S — 1 9 0 o .
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi.— Summary convictions
by police
magistrates and othesr
justices.
Province of Qvkbv.c— Continued.
Iberville.
JOLIETIE.
OFFENCES
Con-
fac-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam -
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
soiines
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
9
4
5
1
G
1
6
Breach of peace .... .
:.....
Cruelty to animals
Disturbing religious and. like meetings
Fishery Acts, offences against.
1
1
Game Laws "
1
1
Liquor License Acts, offences against
Breach of Canada Temperance Act. ....
Selling liquor during prohibited hours. . . .
8
8
1
1
Master's and Servant s Acts, offences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
6
1
"3
6
1
.... ^
Exercising various callings without license
Health By-laws, offences against.
Trespass
1
5
32
""3
29
2
1
22
20
1
1
Drunkenness. . .
3
"Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
>
2
Insanity
Totals
39
82
1
6
58
50
6
STATISTIQUE CRIMIXELLE, 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
209
Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires iiar magistrats de police et autres juges de paix.
pROVIXCE DE
'^CEBEC-
-Suite.
Kamoukaska.
^lONTMAGNY.
Con-
tions
Total
Con-
dam -
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
•
Falsification de substances alimentaires.
7
7
Voies de fait.
15
15
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
Cruaute envers les animaux.
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
9
■■ "1
...j .. -
...: 2
It defendant le jeu.
It de chasse.
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
1
1
M bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
1
1
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
Vente de boissons durant les heuresdefendues
II sans licence.
2
30
"i
2
31
"i
'2
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de
boisson aux Sauvages..
Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et
ser\dteurs.
Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent.
II de la milice.
Divers petits delits.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur Thygiene publique.
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
9!
2
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens.
Profanation du dimanche.
n
10
1
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat.
Infractions aux lois mari times.
1
"' 1
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
1
2
2
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
"2
""2
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
1
1
I
Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
Alienation mentale.
.
66
1
65
21 : 12 il 11
2
.Totaux.
-14
210
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi.— Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices.
OFFENCES.
Provinck of Quebec — Continued.
Montreal.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
M. IF.
Sentence.
Op-
Com-
tion
mitted
of a
without
fine.
option
Sur
Empri-
option
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferre
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Ottawa.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam -
na-
tions.
M. IF.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&e.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Adulteration of food
Assaults
Breach of peace
Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons .
Contempt of court
Cruelty to animals ._
Disturbing religious and like meetings.. . .
Fishery Acts, offences against
Gambling Acts "
Game Laws "
Incorrigible
Larceny
" of dogs, birds, &c
" of timber, trees, fruits, &c ,
Liquor License Acts, offences against . .
Breach of Canada Temperance Act
Selling liquor during prohibited hours .
" mthout license
Violation of Indian liquor law
Malicious injury to property
Other damage to property . .
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
Militia Acts "
Miscellaneous minor offences
Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of
Exercising various callings without license
Health By-laws, offences against
Highways, offences relating to
Neglecting to support family
Pharmacy Acts, offences against
Profanation of the Lord's Day
Railway Acts, offences against
Revenue Laws "
Seamen Acts' "
Statute Labour, offences re lating to
Threats and abusive langufge
Trespass
Vagrancy
Drunkenness
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language.
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against
Insanity
24
4.57
33
1
2
86
8
38
80
173
20
125
278
69
23
12
25
499
29
1
1
85
8
28
23
103
Totals 6523 ^m 6,64
22
25
1314
3038
10
1
256
1.59
2
42
432
689
1
54i
10
is
179
22
11
273
72
17
4
12
23
1,129
2,887
9
1
736
142
2
14
246
278
10
15 53
13
1
7
7
16
1
371
562
1
30
10
54
4
1
5
199
60
59ll 1,186 356 21' 360
1
3
199
17
STATISTIQUE C R I MINELLE— 1 905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
211
Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et aiitres juges de paix.
Province de Quebec — Suite.
PONTIAC.
Quebec.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
1
71
63
6
'4
8
1
75
71
6
Falsification de substances alimentaires.
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
3
1
1
3
1
1
Cruaute envers les animaux.
Perturbation de reunions religieuses etautres.
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
S
3
" de chasse.
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
6
6
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
?
2
10
19
73
4
1
42
1
\
20
115
, 4
1
7
39
Canada.
Vente de boissons durant les heuresdef endues
in
' ' sans licence.
Contravention a la loi relati\e a la vente
de boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages malicieux h, la propriete.
Autres dommages k la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et
6
35
1
serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent.
" de la milice.
■
Divers petits delits.
336
60
7
5
5
"2
2
38
1
1
371
61
8
5
4
2
2
3
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
2
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique.
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens.
Profanation du dimanche.
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
1
..
Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat.
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietenient.
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
1
1
118
392
4
'2
4
16
24
"4
14
128
398
4
4
16
4
4
2
18
.
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des poids et uiesures.
Alienation mentale.
17
17
1227
160
1,357
4' 26
Totaux.
1'^— U.L
212 CRIMINAL ST ATISTICS — 1 905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi.— Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices.
Province of Qukbec— Co>i<mi<ec/.
Richelieu.
RiMOCSKI.
OFFENCES.
1
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
M. IF.
Sentence.
Cra-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com- ;
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
1
34
1
33
13
8
1
4
1
11
1
4
3
1
8
5
10
5
10
2
2
4
4
1
10
1
10
1
1
Liquor License Acts offences against ....
Selling liquor during prohibited hours
6
11
2
8
11
35
3
38
Violation of Indian liquor law
Other damage to property
Master's and Servant's Acts, ofifences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
Militia Acts "
1
1
Municipal Acts and By-Laws, breaches of. .
Exercising various callings without license.
1
1
1
1
Pharmacy Acts, offences against . . .
1
1
1
1
1
5
43
2
"l
1
2
24
2
a
3
6
1
4
14
2
2
11
3
5
8
i
1
3
Drunkenness
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
1
1
7
1
86
21
96
9
17
Totals
2
134
.5
10.5
17
STATISTIQUE C RIM I N ELLE— 1 905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
213
Tableau
in. — Condamnationt
> sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix.
IProvixce de Quebec — Suite. *
Saguenat.
St. Fkancis.
St. Francois.
C9n-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFEXSES
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op- 1
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
1
38
2
"i
1
37
2
Falsification de substances alimentaires.
2
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
8
2
6
8
2
6
Cruaute envers les animaux.
Perturbation de reunions religieuseset autres.
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
1
1
" de chasse.
Incorrigible.
1
1
Larcin.
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
6
6
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
,
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
1
36
"3
1
39
Canada.
Vente de boissons durant les heures def endues.
7
6
1
" sans licence.
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente
»
de boisson aux Sauvages.
Doinmages malicieux a la propriete.
1
"i
1
1
Autres dommages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concemant les maitres et
ser\'iteurs.
Inf. aux lois concemant la med. et les dent.
'
" de la mUice.
Divers petits delits.
2
7
2
6
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
1
1
1
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Inf. aux lois sur I'hvgiene publique.
1
1
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
Xeglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la f amiUe.
Infract, aux lois concemant les pharmaciens.
Profanation du dimanche.
7
1
2
1
2
3
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
1
1
Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat.
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
3
3
4
Menaces et langage injurieux.
2
235
3
1
6
6
6
2
Empietement.
8
237
3
1
5
6
"4
"9
Vagabondage.
I\Tesse.
Exposition indecente.
6
2
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
1
1
Alienation men tale.
■■■|
9
8
1
.S85
IS
1 369
le
18
Totaux.
214
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi. — Summary convictions
by police
magistrates and othesr
justices.
Province of Qcebec — Cmiduded.
'
St. H\acnithe.
Tebrebonne.
OFFENCES
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam -
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-'
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. |F.
Assaults
Breach of peace
7
4
2
1
9
5
Cruelty to animals
Disturbing religious and like meetings
Gambling Acts "
Larceny . ...
7
7
" of dogs, birds, &c
Liquor License Acts, offences against
Breach of Canada Temperance Act. . .
Selling liquor during prohibited hours . . .
Violation of Indian liquor law
Malicious injury to property
«
Other damage to property
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
Militia Acts "
1
Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of. . .
Exercising various callings without license
9
1
9
1
Highways, offences relating to
3
3
1
1
Pharmacy Acts, offences against
Profanation of the Lord's Day
Railway Acts, offences against
flevenue Laws "
6
6
Statute Labour, offences relating to
Threats and abusive language
2
1
1
.... ^
1
2
Trespass
Vagrancy
Drunkenness.
12
66
2
9
63
. 3
2
3
Indecent exposure
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly
2
2
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against.
Insanity
Totals
116
5
113
3
5
5
2
2
2
3
STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE — 1 9 05 .
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
215
Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix.
Province de Quebec— /^m.
Three Rivers.
Trois-Rivieres.
Totals ok Quebec.
ToTAUX DE Quebec.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
'
26i 1
27
695
183
9
5
99
18
17
55
18
""45
n
11
1
656
187
9
6
99
12
2
60
14
Voie.s de fait.
1
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
1
1
2
Mepris de cour.
Cruaute envers les animaux.
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
101 1 1
171 1
17!...
591 - .
2
■ ■ 4
1
12
19
"56
"3
" de chasse.
Incorrigible.
2
161
23
2
184
1
1
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
7
47
141
423
7
95
• 148
516
8
2
197
74
1
1
43
s:.-
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de
5
1
191
69
1
21
9
boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
,5
1
1
14
3
serviteurs.
1
1
" de la milice.
Divers petits debts.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique.
Debts avant rapport aux chemins publics.
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
Infract. au.\. lois concernant les pharmaciens.
Profanation du dimanche.
1
4
1
4
3
552
366
79
39
19
46
11
5
1
577
360
83
33
9
i
21
17
1
7
9
8
1
1
12
58
3
15
40
10
3
'" 26
29
1.346
3,902
21
10
779
166
2
11
(
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
10...
231...
'46 li
35 ...
1580)468
Debts contre le revenu de I'Etat.
•20
1
1
314
2S8
2
""24
5
388
591
1
Debts ayant rapport a la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
I^onduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
Alienation mentale.
.S
2
5
58
59
1
4055
21
6
283
182
2
43
726
3
4
578
11
in
2
6
5
3
6
4
44
12
38
15
""61
11
4
147
153
1
95551 '-IS* 1
9,714
703
1,296
Totaux.
216
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi.— Summary convictions by police
magistrates and other justices.
Province of Ontario.
Algoma and Manitoulin.
Brant.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com.-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. |F.
Adulteration of food
Assaults.
65
1
7
1
"i
6u
1
8
1
48
4
1
46
4
1
2
Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons
Contempt of court . .
Cruelty to animals
Disturbing religious and like meetings
Fishery Acts, offences against
Gambling Acts "
2
4
2
6
9
1
4
1
3
3
:
2
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
9': ■■■
Larceny ,
" of dogs, birds, &c
2
2
2
i
1
1
1
" of timber, trees, fruits, &c
Liquor License Acts, offences against
Breach of Canada Temperance Act
13
13
8
4
12
Selling liquor during prohibited hours
" without license
4
3
26
"i
2
4
4
28
3
3
Violation of Indian liquor law
Malicious injury to property
Other damage to property
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
Militia Acts, offences against
7
9
7
9
12
1
12
1
1
"73
1
"3
1
' '75
1
i
Miscellaneous minor offences
'.'.'...'.. 3
Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of
Exercising various callings without license
Health By-laws, offences against
29
30
9
"i
26
31
9
1
• • ■ • • • 1
Highways, offences relating to
1
Neglecting to support family
1
1
Pharmacy Acts, offences against
Profanation of the Lord's Day
8
8
1
1
Railway Acts, offences against
3
. 3
Seamen Acts "
Statute Labour, offences relating to
Threats and abusive language
3
5
39
234
6
9
7
22
"4
5
"3
46
3
5
29
239
6
12
50
22
!
5
19
26
234
3
7
1
12
"2
4
"i
2
3
19
23
233
3
8
2
12
5
2
Trespass
i3 "' '1
Drunkenness
0
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
"" "i
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
2
1
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against.
'
Insanity
1
1
Totals
564
65
606
15 8' 471
16
46S 7i 12
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE— 190 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
217
Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix.
Province d'Oxtario.
Bruce.
Cableton.
Con-
vic-
tions.
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
' tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. |F.
70
107
"2
15
"'69
122
2
i
42
42
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d 'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
Cruaute envers les animaux.
1
1
1
6
1
1
6
1
3
1
2
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres.
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
" de chasse.
5
5
3
8
"5
3
13
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
7
5
5
"i4
2
fi
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
" i-i
"i9
"a
"23
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons .
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
Vente de boissons durant les heures def endues
29
12
2
4
31
16
1
1
1
" sans licence.
1
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente
de boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages k la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et
12
1.0
11
15
1
1
l(t
21
2
"i
10
22
2
1
serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois concernant la raed. et les dent.
" de la milice.
1
126
9
4
52
io
6
1
136
15
4
52
Divers petits delits.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique.
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
34
11
34
11
1
5
""'l
12
1
1
f>
1
1
1
Inf rac. aux lois concernant les pharmaciens .
1?
8
11
1
1
8
11
1
1
Profanation du dimanche.
Infractions avix lois des chemins de fer.
Delits centre le revenu de I'Etat.
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
Delits ayant rapport h, la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
7,
"i
1
6
'""l2
1
18
4
1
2
4
39
280
1
17
12
59
3
5
21
1
11
34
5
1
2
4
301
2
28
30
64
4
6
3
1^
35
2
1
18
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
15
1
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
3.T
1
36
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infraction aux lois des poids et mesures.
Alienation mentale.
249
3
240
4
8
918
128
976
65' 5
Totaux.
218
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 19 05.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
TabliS III.— Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices.
OFFENCES.
Province of OsTAmo—Coniinued.
DUFFERIN.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
M. IF.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Com- ;
mitted De-
without If erred
option. I Sec.
Sur Empri- Re
option, sonnes mise,
sans I etc.
option.
Elgin.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
j Sur
option
Com-
mitted De-
without ferred
option. &c.
M. IF.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Adulteration of food
Assaults .
Breach of peace .
Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons.
Contempt of court
Cruelty to animals
Disturtjing religious and like meetings . . .
Fishery Acts, offences against
Gambling Acts "
Game Laws "
Incorrigible
Larceny
" of dogs, birds, &c.
" of timber, trees, fi-uits, &c
Liquor License Acts, offences against ....
Breach of Canada Temperance Act
13
15
Selling liquor during prohibited hours .
" without license
Violation of Indian liquor law
Malicious injury to property
Other damage to property
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against.
Medical and Dentistry Acts "
Militia Acts "
Miscellaneous minor offences
]NI\inicipal Acts and By-Laws, breaches of. .
Exercising various callings without license .
Health By-laws, offences against
Highways, offences relating to
Neglecting to support family
Pharmacy Acts, offences against
Profanation of the Lord's Day
Railway Acts, offences against
Revenue Laws "
Seamen Acts "
Statute Labour, offences relating to
Threats and abusive language
Trespass .
Vagrancj'
Drunkenness
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly ,
Weights and Measures Acts, offences j^ainst.
Insanity
19
11
Totals
50
38
26
19
11
11
31
19
215 11
11
167
2
i2
6
19
J
STATISTIQUECRI^riXELI. E — 190 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
219
Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres jnofes de paix.
Province n'Oxx.vKio— S(( He.
Essex.
Froxtenac.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. |F.
UJJUUil.
69
2
1
1
69
2
1
1
11
5
10
5
1
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d 'amies illegal.
INIepris de cour.
1
2
1
2
?
"i
2
3
9.
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres
Infractions aux lois des jjecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
••
8
3
4
4
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
9r>
"3
26
1
1
42
2
2
1
Vol de chiens, oiseaux etc.
1
"4
3<»
3
1
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
Vente de boissons durant lesheures defendues
1
1
1
1
1
1
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente
de boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
7
7
1
1
1
1
"28
1
1
1
""28
1
serviteurs.
" de la milice.
Divers petits delits.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique.
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics .
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la f amille.
Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens.
12
12
10
IC
2
2
.
1
1
1
...
1
19
19
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
30
1
1
3
104
"i
"h
3
30
1
1
1
90
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
Alienation mentale.
9,
2
7
6
109
7
8
1
7
23
107
7
17
7
17
7
5
5
9A
2
26
4
4
9:
.... 1
2
<
382!
10 371
17
4 206
10
190
24' 2
Totaux.
220
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi. — Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices.
Provixce of OsTAmo— Continued.
Grey.
Haldimand.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tious.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
Adulteration of food
1
Assaults
43
2
"4
3
44
2
4
2
17
1
17
Breach of peace
Carrj'ing fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . .
Contempt of court
2
2
Disturbing religious and like meetings
Fishery Acts, offences against
Gambling Acts "
4L..
#
10
10
Game Laws "
1
1
Incorrigible
Larceny
6
2
1
3
2
4
2
2
" of dogs, birds, &c
" of timber, trees, fruits, &c
Liquor License Acts, offences against
20 .S
23
2
2
2
Breach of Canada Temperance Act . . .
Selling liquor during prohibited hours
" without license
2
Violation of Indian liquor law
1
1
Malicious injury to property
Other damage to property
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against.
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
Militia Acts "
1
8
J
6
1
6
1
Miscellaneous minor offences
Municipal Acts and Bv-Laws, breaches of . .
20
20
3
3
3
Exercising various callings without license.
3! . . .
Health By-laws, offences against
Highways, offences relating to
8
8
1
1
Neglecting to support familj'
Pharmacy Acts, offences against
Profanation of the Lord's Day
2
2
3
1
1
Railway Acts, offences against
3!...
Revenue Laws "
Seamen Acts "
1
9
5
32
22
'ih
35
"3
"4
2
1
8
i
21
'"19
35
Threats and abusive language
Trespass
Vagrancy
Drunkenness
32
2
1
"1
1
1
3
2
13
1
3
1
"i
"2
3
"ii
1
5
3
2
'" 2
Indecent exposure ....
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against.
Insanity
1
Totals
248l 16
221
34
9
70
4
64
4
6
STATISTIQUE CRIMIXELLE — 1905. 221
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableau hi. — Condamnations somniaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de pais.
Pkovince d'Oxtario— 5'(n7f.
Halton.
Hastings.
Con-
^•ic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam -
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op.
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
•
De-
ferred
kc.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M-. IF.
""8
"s
"46
23
"i
1
" " '32
22
■"15
0
Falsification de substances alimentaires.
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
Cruaute en vers les animaux.
8
1
5
1
3
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
1 ...
1
3
3
1
5
" de chasse.
' i
1
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
1
5
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
1
1
14
2
16
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
Vente de boissons durant les heuresdef endues.
5
4
10
1
13
14
5
4
10
" sans licence.
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de
-
1
3
1
boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages malicieux k la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concemant les maitres et
serviteurs.
?
2
5
10
18
" de la milice.
Divers petits deHts.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hj^giene publique
Debts ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
Inf. aux lois concemant les pharmaciens.
Profanation du dimanche.
1
33
3
36
1
3
12
1
2
12
1
1
1
1
1
y
1
s
2
1
DeUts contre le revenu de I'Etat.
Infractions aux lois maritime*.
Debts ayant rapport a la corvee.
jNIenaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
Vagabondage.
I\Tresse.
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
Alienation mentale
9,
1
1
7
4
15
103
3
27
1
42
2
2
5
2
"8
3
2
9
6
1
60
3
30
38
26
20
17
18
""2
9
2
12
1
7
44
9.
4
5
6
2 ...
2
i.. .
3
1
4
69
5.5
13
1
, 404
37
331
19
91
Totatix.
222
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi.— Summary convictions
by police
magistrates and other justices
Province or OyTAUio— Continued.
Huron.
Kent.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted De-
\vithout f erred
option. &c.
Empri- Re-
sonnes mise,
sans etc.
option.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri -
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. 1 F.
M. IF.
1
20
8
20
8
29
18
28
18
1
Cruelty to animals
1
1
17
1
17
1
. ...
7
1
7
1
2
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
Liquor License Acts, offences against
Breach of Canada Temperance Act
Selling liquor during prohibited hours . .
13
3
1
13
9
9
'2
1
""2
i
Other damage to property
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against
4
20
2
6
20
1
1
1
1
39
1
"3
" 38
1
" 4
Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . .
Exercising various callings without license
28
4
28
4
. 1
1
_
1
28
1
29
1
"
1
1
2
2
Statute Labour, oflences relating to
1
"2
2
"3
1
1
"" iio
2
22
5
29
12
11
1
3
6
""'l2
......
1
3
28
4
5
114
2
20
1
2
1
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against
Insanity
1
1
7
7
2
3
182
3 2
1
10
3
10
Totals ;
1.50
28' 14 297
291
9
(
STATISTIQUE CRI^^IINELLE— 190 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
223
Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix.
Province d'Ontakio — Suite.
Lambtox.
Lanark.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
Falsification de substances alimentaires.
32
3
34
6
3
1
25
14
3
"i
24
15
3
1
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la pai.x.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
Cruaute envers les animaux.
3
. ...
1 5
5
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
4
4
11
11
6
6
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
1
1
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
1R
13
18
11
1
1
2
19
13
1
7
1
1
Infractions aux 1 ois des licences de boissons .
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
Ventede boissor s durant les heui'es def endues
i
"l
'" 2
4
" sans licence.
'>,
7
1
1
1
boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages maiicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages k la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres
ser\ateurs.
Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent.
" de la milice.
4
....
"8
1
8
Divers petits delits.
St
35
7
,8
8
1
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur Thygiene publique.
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics .
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famiUe.
Infrac. aux lois concernant les pharmaciens
Profanation du dimanche.
6
"8
1
3
...
1
3
20
...
22
2
1
1
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat.
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
Alienation mentale.
3
2
■ ■ ■
! . . .
15
3
6
18
172
6
12
4
6
1
66
60
7
21
2
1
"i
6
1
6
59
7
io
1
27
-.3
46
193
"' C
58
2
4
""l
12
4
21
5
5 2
1
60
3
49S
369
10 1 ■ .59 279
9
218
10
Totaux.
224
CRIMINAL STATISTIC S— 1 9 0 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi.— Summary convictions
by
police
)nagistrates and other
justices
;.
,
Province or OyTAHio— Continued.
Leeds and Gkenvii
XE.
Lennox and Addington.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted De-
without ferred
option. &c.
Empri- Ke-
sonnes mise.
.sans etc.
option.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
"57
2
58
1
8
7
Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . .
2
2
Cruelty to animals
Disturbing religi')us and like meetings
Fishery Acts, offences against
Gambling Acts "
4
"i
3
4
'1
3
5
1
7
Liquor License Acts, ofifences against
17
17
6
1
Selling liquor during prohibited hours
3
3
2
1
2
1
' 3
1
1
Malicious injury to property.
2
5
1
1
2
3
2
3
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
Municipal Acts and Bj'-laws, breaches of . . .
Exercising various callings without license
Health By-laws, ofifences against -
14
5
"s
4
3
16
5
" 8
2
1
5
....
5
1
Neglecting to support family
2
Threats and abusive language
Trespass .
Vagrancy
Drunkenness
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against
Insanity
3
•3
19
168
1
45
1
50
"i
"5
3
2
1
3
3
169
1
50
4
52
1
i5
1
1
3
5
31
3
2
29
3
1
1
4
1
5
2
2
4
417
1
19
5
Totals
409
18
9
86
2
83
4
1
STATISTIQUE C RI M IN ELL E— 1 9 05.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
225
Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix.
Province v'Oi^TAmo— Suite.
LlNXOLX.
Middlesex.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op- f Com-
tion mitted
of a without
fine, option.
Sur Empri-
option sonnes
sans
option.
1
1 De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
'" 2
Falsification de substances alimentaires
28
2fi;
2
54
8
4
2
3
"7
20
2
54
8
4
2
2
"6
20
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d 'amies illegal.
Mepris de cour.
Cruaute en vers les animaux.
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres.
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
2
2
'"2
4
4i
1
""1
[
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
1
•■••7
1
1
"■9
2
3
2
1
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
7
23
2
25
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons
Contraventions aux lois de temj^erance du
Canada.
Vente de boissons durant les heures def endues.
1
1
R
. 3
" sans licence.
1
1
21
3
1
1
1
20
2
1
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente
de boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et
serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent
2
"2
1
2
1
i
1
" "la milice.
"56
'4
" 59
1
178
1
1
4
1
1
6
"4
isi
1
1
2
""1
Divers petits delits.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique.
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
Xeglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
[nfrac. aux lois concernant les pharmaciens .
Profanation du diraanche.
'2
1
1
1
1
6!
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat.
[nfractions aii\ lois maritimes.
Delits ayant rapjxjrt a la corvee.
9
18
27
10
4
78
1
762
>5
7
7
15
6
287
1
10
10
78
23
i
2
3
3
" "1
.... (
J
Menaces et langage injurieux.
25
7
110
"2
24
1
105
5
3
1
1
4
Empietement.
Vagabondage.
ivresse.
Exposition indecente.
5
"i
5
3
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
3
1
3
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
2!onduite dereglee.
[nfractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
.S
1
2
1
\lienation mentale.
261
9
244
10
16
39'
749
24 28 i
Totaux.
17—15
226
CRIMINAL STATISTICS, 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi. — Summary convictions by
police magistrates and
othe
r justices.
Province op O^TAmo— Continued.
MUSKOKA AND PaKHY SoUND.
NiPISSING.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
'erred
&e.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
32
2
1
]
3
2
1
28
2
'1
3
2
1
4
23
54
2
23
53
1
1
1
Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . .
1
2
2
Disturbing religious and like meetings
Fishery Acts, offences against
8
8
12
12
Larceny
7
1
6
9
1
7
3
1
7
1
7
Liquor License Acts, ofifences against
12
3
15
Selling liquor during prohibited hours
ii
2
1
1
1
12
1
5
20
3
"i
1
5
21
4
1
Other damage to property ...
Master's and Servant's Acts, ofifences against.
IMedical and Dentistry Acts, ofifences against
"39
3
"31
3
8
3
5
1
1
:4
5
1
Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . .
Exercising various callings without license
16
4
3
19
4
23
1
6
29
Highways, offences relating to
1
2
1
2
3
3
Profanation of the Lord's Day
3
3
2
5
2
4
i
Threats and abusive language
4
4
18
33
2
8
3
105
'4
"i
5
2
4
13
22
2
6
8
95
2
1
2
59
276
1
3
10
33
1
30
1
1
25
256
1
3
37
32
38
11
Trespass
Vagrancy
Drunkenness
Indecent exposure. ...
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against.
1
8
1
1
10
3
9
3
3
5
5
1
1
1
1
323
15
Totals
283
16
39
571
50
548 52
21
STATISTIQUE CR IMI N E L L E— 1905. 227
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableau hi. — Condamnations somniaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix.
Province d'Ontario— Suite.
Norfolk.
Northumberland
AND Durham.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
• OFFENSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. !F.
M. IF.
1
1
18
2
1
3
'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
4
2
43
21
2
44
19
1
■ 2
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
3
3
3
Perturbation de reunionsreligieuseset autres
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
'"•2
""2
"2
2
1
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
9
' i
2
4
5
4
2
5
1
4
2
'^
16
16
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
4
4
3
4
4
"i
4
5
■S
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de
boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concemant les maltres et
serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent.
5
1
i
5
2
5
1
"i
5
2
9,
2
Divers petits delits.
Contraventions aux lois munici pales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique.
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics .
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens.
10
9
1
21
2
6
4
1
20
2
6
4
1
14
14
' "1
'
1
1
7
7
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des inaisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions avix lois des poids et mesures.
5
4
3
7
1
4
2
5
15
10
42
99
1
23
4
"6
"2
17
10
5
94
1
25
1
33
3
1
"10
2
5
37
"31
3
1
9|
2
1
1
u
18
4
1
"2
18
16
4
2
0
3
144
8
112 5
35
359
313
37
27i
Totaux.
17—151
228
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-C EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi. — Summary convictions
by ix)lice
magistrates and other justices
Province of Ontario— Con^mi/etZ.
Ontario.
Oxford.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam -
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Siir
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. !F.
M. IF.
Adulteration of food
1
23
11
1
19
8
?5
i 25
. . - ll
1
4
Breach of peace
1
3
•
1
2
1
2
Cruelty to animals .^
15
3
10
8
Liquor License Acts, offences against
13
13
5
5
1
1
1
3
1
3
.5
5
5
5
G
6
Master's and Servant's Acts, ofifences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
Municipal Acts and By-Laws, breaches of.. .
Exercising various callings without license
16
3
ie
3
16
2
1
27
1
16
2
1
21
1
Highways, offences relating to
18
16
2
6
1
9
1
9
1
1
4
91 . . .
5
Statute Labour, offences relating to
Trespass
Vagrancy
"i
11
5.5
119
2
7
"•2
li
1
119
2
7
i
55
"l
"3
1
82
128
1
7
1
20
1
2
"5
"i
1
"2
2
1
22
94
]
7
1
17
1
1
' 1
38
5
27
31
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against
1
1
1
26
26
2
1
5
1
4
320
Totals
.561
5P
?>
36'*
14' 245
44
93
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELI.E— 190 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
229
Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres jnges de paix.
Provinx'E wOyTARlo—S^i^te.
Peel.
Perth.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
!
7
7
29
27
2
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
1
1
1
1
3
3
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres.
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" de chasse.
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
1
1
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
8
8
4
4
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
Vente de boissons durantles heures defendues.
4
4
" sans licence.
■•l
"" 3
2
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente
de boisson aux Sauvages.
Domniages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et
9,
7
5
?
serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent
" de la milice.
4
Divers petits delits.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur Thygiene publique.
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
Infract, aux lois concernant les pliarmaciens .
fi
6
187
2
185
9
9
Profanation du dimanche.
3
3
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat.
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
9,
2
3
2
1
3
16
26
47
1
3
3
16
23
46
1
3
Menaces et langage injurieux.
■ 3
6
Empietement.
8
1
3
1
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
.
1
1
7
7
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
8
2
10
Alienation mentale.
6
42
1
36
1
363
4
347
3
17
Totaux.
230
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi. — Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices.
OFFENCEg.
Provinx'E of Ontario — Continued.
Peterborocgh.
Prescott and Rcssell.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
M. IF.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com- j
mitted j De-
without ; f erred
ojjtion. &c.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
Re-
mise,
etc.
C9n-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
M. IF.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com- '
mitted De-
without ferred
option. I &c.
Empri- 1 Re-
sonnes I mise,
sans I etc.
option.
Adulteration of food
Assaults
Breach of peace
Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons.
Contempt of court
Cruelty to animals
Disturbing religious and like meetings. . . .
Fishery Acts, offences against
Gambling Acts "
Game Laws "
Incorrigible
Larceny
" of dogs, birds, &c
" of timber, trees, fruits, &c
Liquor License Acts, offences against ....
Breach of Canada Temperance Act . . .
Selling liquor during prohibited hours . .
" without license
Violation of Indian liquor law
28
Malicious injury to property
Other damage to property
Master's and Servant's Acts, ofifences against.
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
Militia Acts "
Miscellaneous minor offences
Municipal Acts and By-Laws, breaches of. .
Exercising various callings without license.
Health By-laws, offences against
Highways, offences relating to
Neglecting to support family
Pharmacy Acts, offences against
Profanation of the Lord's Day
Railway Acts, offences against
Revenue Laws "
Seamen Acts "
Statute Labour, offences relating to
Threats and abusive language
Trespass
Vagrancy
Drunkenness
Indecent exposure ....
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderlj' ...
Weights and Measures Acts, ofifences against.
Insanity
Totals 334
23
34
151 2651
38
46 107
20
99
10
10
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
231
Tableau hi. — Condamnations somniairea par magistrats de police et autres juges de pais.
Province d'Ontario— SwiYe.
Prince Edward.
Renfrew.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam -
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
Ac.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IP.
d
' 4
Falsification de substances alimentaires.
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
50
14
1
'i
2
52
14
1
.... ^
Mepris de cour.
Cruaute envers les animaux.
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres
1
io
"i
1
1
1
11
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
1
1
" defendant le jeu.
" de chasse.
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
"2
"2
""4
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
S
3
11
1
3
14
1
Canada.
Vente de boissons durant les heuresdef endues.
" sans licente.
1
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de
1
boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres donmaages a la propriete.
1
1
Infractions aux lois concemant les maitres et
serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois concemant lamed, et les dent.
" de la milice.
Divers petits delits.
' i
i
9
10
9
• 10
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la f amille.
Inf. aux lois concemant les pharmaciens.
13
13
" - •
4
5
4
5
Profanation du dimanche.
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
s
3
Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat.
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
1
1
3
2
8
...
4
3
2
5
43
"27
7
1
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
w
27
i
43 1
"22
"6
Exposition indecente.
1
I
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
1
1
34
34
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des jxjids et mesures.
?
..,
2
Alienation mentale
48'...
41
7i 245
20
2of?
9
Totaux.
232
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi.— Summary convictions by police
magistrates and other justices
.
Province of OyrAmo—Continucd.
SiMCOE.
Stormont, DuNn.\s and
Glengarry.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. 1 F-
M. IF.
54
10
1
1
55
10
1
20
2
1
2
21
2
1
1
Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons, . .
4
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
2
Disturbing religious and like meetings.
4
4
2
i
2
1
1
1
1
10
3
1
10
3
Liquor License Acts, offences against
Breach of Canada Tempet^ance Act
Selling liquor during prohibited hours . .
5
7
4
1
2
6
9
4
5
2
5
3
1
2
5
3
3
1
Other damage to property
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against
4
4
Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . .
Exercising various callings without license
17
3
3
55
1
"2
17
3
3
57
1
13
9
"ie
1
12
9
""I6
1
i
1
1
' '4
18
Profanation of the Lord's Day
Railway Acts, offences against
2
24
2
17
4
18
4
3
17
14
22
117
2
10
15
2
"3
"2
18
13
9
111
2
10
2
15
io
4
1
1
3
5
3
1
8
31
2
6
"2
1
3
1
1
32
......
8
1
Drunkenness
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
2
6
1^
12
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against
Insanity
1
404
1 3
3
13
Totals
376
23
18 177
8
170
8
7
STATISTIQUE C RI MI N ELLE— 190 5.
SESS'ONAL PAPER No. 17
233
Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police at autres juges de paix.
Province d'Ontario— 5?<(Ye.
Thunder Bay and Rainy
River.
Victoria.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
Falsification de substances alimentaires.
46
3
3
1
46
2
3
1
57
8
54
8
3
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
3
3
2
3
1
Cruaute envers les animaux.
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" 2
" defendant le jeu.
2
" de chasse.
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
18
14
4
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
19
2
21
3
3
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons .
Contraventions- aux lois de temperance du
n
"7
1
"i
6
10
10
5
9
11
Canada.
Ventede boissor s durant les heures def endues
3
" sans licence.
13
3
1
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de
<^
boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages maiicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concemant les maitres
serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent.
H
1
1
1
' i
i
2
1
11
" de la milice.
■36
2
15
7
1
"2!
5
1
8
Divers petits delits.
37
4
23
5
1
8
2
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique.
15
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics .
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la f amille.
1
1
Infrac. aux lois concernant les pharmaciens
2
9
2
2
Profanation du dimanche.
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat.
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
">
5
22
'72
12
2
5
22
486
2
13
79
55
16
16
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
fS
30
7
36
6
124
16
90
12
4
4
Vagabondage.
624
1
87
Ivresse.
Jjxposition indecente.
14
1
1
• 6
7
28
7
22
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
7
50
......
6
3
3
Alienation mentale.
940
123
870
47
146
269
6
241
12
22
Totaux.
234
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 19 05.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi.— Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices.
Province
OF Ox
FARIC
— Continued.
Waterloo.
Wellaxd.
OFFENCES.
Con-
fac-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
niitted
without
cation.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
Adulteration of food . .
Assaults
Breach of peace
26
18
4
1
26
18
3
1
60
1
3
58
1
i 9
Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . .
Contempt of court ... ...
1
1
4
1
2
Cruelty to animals
Disturbing religious and like meetings
Fishery Acts, offences against
4
3
j 2
L , _ . . .
Gambling Acts "
Game Laws , "
2
2
Incorrigible
*
Larcenj'
■
13
2
11
4
" of dogs, birds, &c
' ' of timber, trees, fruits, &c
Liquor License Acts, offences against
Breach of Canada Temperance Act
20
20
2
2
1
Selling liquor during prohibited hours
4
1
5
3
3
3
3
Violation of Indian liquor law
Malicious injury to property
1
12
2
1
Other damage to property
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
1
6
1
1
i
1
7
1
1
"i
4
3
8
Militia Acts '•
1
1
Miscellaneous minor offences . .
"47
2
1
3
Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . .
Exercising various callings without license
Health By-laws, offences against -
Highwaj's, offences relating to
26
"is
1
1
1
23
■"15
i
4
53
2
2
3
3
2
8
"" 1
Neglecting to support family
Pharmacy Acts, offences against
1
3
Profanation of the Lord's Day
10
118
10
91
Railway Acts, offences against
5
4
1
3
24
Revenue Laws "
Statute Labour, offences relating to
5
14
46
30
"l4
3
39
"i
"2
6
2
12
28
30
'"it
9
39
ie
3
2
3
11
29
150
19
"8
"5
"i
6
17
26
17
"8
3
86
5
Trespass
Vagrancy
Drunkenness >
9
43
2
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly
i
i
246
1
195
1
51
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against
Insanity
1
285
1
2
2
2
17
4
Totals
14
263
18
18
766
513
94
176
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
235
Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix.
Province d'Oxtaeio — Suite.
Wellixgtox.
Wextworth.
Con-
vic-
tions.
Total
€on-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
\'ie-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted De-
without ferred
option. &c.
Empri- Re-
sonnes mise,
sans etc
option.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
1
1
Falsification de substances alimentaires.
35
"2
...
34
' "2
.58
15
4
4
...
...
61
14
4
i
1
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
Cruaute envers les animaux.
9,
2
8
8
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres.
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
3
1
3
1
" de chasse.
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
2
1
1
8
1
7
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
?6
2
28
15
4
15
4
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissona .
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
Vente de boissons durant les heures def endues
1
2
3
2
9,
" sans licence.
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente
' 8
3
19
3
"i
3
17
2
'2
2
de boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concernant lesmaitreset
serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent .
8
" de la milice.
Divers petits delits.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hj'giene publique.
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
17
5
8
1
18
5
3
175
3
13
163
3
25
1?
12
3
3
■■'l
Inf rac. aux lois concernant les pharmaciens .
Profanation du dimanche.
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
2
8
....^
2
11
12
10
12
Delits centre le revenu de I'Etat.
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
8
1
24
39
3
2
6
1
4
41
2
2
26
2
"" i
3
22
45
568
"i
4
35
1
21
28
601
i
20
2
2
1
1
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
E.xposition indecente.
2
10
10
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
86
.82
1
3
131
10
139
2
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infraction aux lois des ix)ids et mesures.
1
1
Alienation mentale.
289
7
264
21
ll!ll24i 68
1,124
23
45
Totaux.
236
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi. — Summary convictions
i by police
magistrates and other justices.
Province of On'taeio— Conc^urfed.
Province d'Ontario — Fin.
•
York.
Totals of Ontario.
Totaux d'Ontario.
OFFENCES.
C9n-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam -
na-
ticms.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferre
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op- !
tion
of a
fine.
Siir
option
Com- '
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
Adulteration of food
1 ...
1571 62
402 21
78, 1
2561'.!!
29 1
27! . . .
104, 3
64: 1
10 7
175 7
17 1
9 2
486 -41
1
1,467
396
74
234
.30
26
106
65
"iog
11
7
527
9
3
2
Assaults
207
17
31
26
1
144
7
29
6
83
11
2
157
Breach of peace
Carrj'ing fire-arms and unlawful weapons . . .
24
3
144
3
136
3
8
2
20
Disturbing religious and like meetings
Fishery Acts, offences against
1
Gambling Acts " .
24
'l
25
1
1
Incorrigible...'
Larceny ...
'27
"io
"17
17
2
2
""71
5
" of timber, trees, fruits, &c
1
61
■9
1
70
4
Liquor License Acts, offences against ....
Breach of Canada Temperance Act. .
143
88
68
14
269
243
17
n
1
15
16
4
1
12
14
2
158
103
62
13
234
242
19
5
1
3,573
144
58
417
6
5
150
1:66
20
1
8
1
Violation of Indian liquor law
2
1
5
1
24
54
4
1
1
Other damage to property ....
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
Militia Acts "
....
49
56
4
30
2
■■■ 4
47
15
5 ...
6
Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . .
Exercising various callings without license
Health By-laws, offences against
Highways, offences relating to
Neglecting to support family ...
2623'236
11...
2,138
1
4
3
1
720
4070 300
134 10
58; 2
426 5
29 ...
5 ...
179 8
328, . . .
23;...
301
2
io
796
3
3
2
1
2
' -' 2
32
3
14
21
96
3
7
t
71
3
4
37
Railway Acts, offences against
52
3
43; . . .
180' 17
43
155
543
459
5,639
57
426
345
1,968
17
6
1
1
301
121
1,329
3
6
106
721
4
i
88
6
3
5
810
91
3
58
11
39
Trespass
Vagrancy
342' 15
215 57
1005 339
3
55 607; 20
63 1347 155
15 '5576 471
79
233
317
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against
Insanity
581 1
388' 57
130 322
1
2216 70
15 2
63 18
2
6
74
911
3
2
5934
2
104
35
1
842
30
2
42
223
16
49
307
2
81
Totals
5,325
128
1,323
19.965 11.1)9
18,188
1,041
2,405
STATISTIQUE CRIMIXELLE, 190 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
237
Tableau hi.—
Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix.
Province of M'anitoba.
Province du Manitoba.
Central— Centre.
Eastern— Est.
Cra-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
\vithout
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
27
5
26
5
2
1
ISO
17
28
1
12
3
8
159
14
18
1
10
3
29
3
10
'"2
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la pai.K.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
Cruaute envers les animaux.
Perturbation de reunic ins religieuses et autres
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
11 defendant le jeu.
3
1
3
3
,
1
1
8
83
1
64
2
i
20
1
8
2
1
7
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
11
9|
2
6
6
7
1 10
10
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
3
"'2
1
"4
3
8
22
1
11
41
1
""'1
5
1
10
6
44
210
. i
1
"i
11
5
2
10
6
36
221
7
22
1
11
37
1
9
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de
boisson aux Sauvages..
Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et
serviteurs.
Divers petits delits.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hj'giene publique.
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
Neglig. de pourvoir aux. besoins de la famille.
Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens.
Profanation du dimanctie
65
8
"3
1
63
7[
• • • • 1
3:
3
1
368
93
434
355
5
1
9
2
1
350
84
384
324
""1
98
2
23
10
59
33
1
1
98
6
1
. . .
1
7
9
2
4
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
Delits centre le revenu de I'Etat.
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Emp'etement.
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
Exixtsition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des ix)ids et mesures.
Alienation mentale.
■?
"2
2
3
2
258
3
11
35
25
236
2893
10
7
16
218
2
■2:H
134
is
4
12
14
5
2,594
10
26
174
■76
1
25
11
178
432
3
16
264
3
8
1
6
7
11
2
1
48
9
8
1
4
1
11
5
544
514
13
28
5415
217
4,652
81
899
Totaux.
238
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi. — Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices.
OFFENCES.
Province of Manitoba — Concluded.
Province nu Manitoba — Fin.
Southern— Sci >.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
M. IF.
Sentence.
Op-
Com-
tion
mitted
of a
without
fine.
option.
Sur
Empri-
option
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Western— Oiest.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dani-
na-
tions.
M. iF.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Cora- I
mitted | De-
without ferred
option. &c.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Adulteration of food
Assaults
Breach of peace
Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons .
Contempt of court
Cruelty to animals
Disturbing religious and like meetings.. .
Fishery Acts, offences against
Gambling Acts "
Game Laws "
Incorrigible
Larceny
" of dogs, birds, &c
" of timber, trees, fruits, &c
Liquor License Acts, offences against. .. .
Breach of Canada Temperance Act
Selling liquor during prohibited hours.
" without license
Violation of Indian liquor law
Malicious injury to property
Other damage to property
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
Militia Acts, offences against
Miscellaneous minor offences
Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of. ....
Exercising various callings without license
Health By-laws, offences against
Highways, offences relating to
Neglecting to si;pport family
Pharmacy Acts, offences against
Profanation of the Lord's Day
Railway Acts, offences against
Revenue Laws "
Seamen Acts "
Statute Labour, offences relating to
Threats and abusive language
Trespass
Vagrancy
Drunkenness
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against.
Insanity
Totals
10
8.5
11
48
Sfi
5G
28
29
189
1
7
16
12
1 404 r-,2
.56
16
171
."^Sl
12
16
17
riZ
STATISTIQUE CR IMINELLE— 1 905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
239
Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrate de police et autres juges de paix.
Pbovixce of British Columbia.
Province de la Colojibie-Britaxnique.
Vancouver.
Victoria.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted De-
without ferred
option. &c.
Empri- Re-
sonnes mise,
sans etc.
option.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. |F.
M. IF.
30
24
15
1
2
1
0
1
9
2
1
X
9
1
1
'1
16
1
1
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
9.
^
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres.
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
3
47
4
1
2
3
47
4
3
3
.... ^
1
1
1
1
Incorrigible.
6
1
^1
20
1
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
Vente de boissons durant les heures def endues
3
3
4
"2
58
17
62
11
2
35
2
33
Contravention a la loi relati\e a la vente
de boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et
serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent.
" de la milice.
Divers petits delits.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique.
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens.
12
1
12
'" 1
6
4
"3
" '3
107
1
99
4
41
45
9
4
4^
1
1
1
4fi
1
7
7
1
"9
25
1
"2
4
21
590
Debts ayant rapport a la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurievix.
Empietenient.
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
7
7
74
21
5
3
100
.S7
186
623
6
250
5
8
1
1
1
8
"2
1
257
4
.3
1
6
1
1
.... ^
11
2
33
13
33
1
18
1
10
8
1216' 87
1,010
117
176
385
1 13
375
13
10
Totaux.
240
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi. — Summarj' convictions by police magistrates and other justices.
Province of British Columbia— CwicZwded.
Province de la Colombie-Britannique— Fm.
Westminster.
Yale and Cariboo.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
fened
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
2
8
2
2
4
S
2
29
12
1
2
28
11
2
2
Breach of peace .
1
Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . .
2
1
1
1
1
Cruelty to animals
Gambling Acts "
2
2
2
2
30
7
26
7
4
4
2
3
3
Liquor License Acts, offences against
3
3
6
1
4
1
2
4
1
46
2
12
"9
4
1
46
2
8
Violation of Indian liquor law
39
5
19
21
4
4
5
Other damage to property .
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
Militia Acts " "
7
1
8
4
Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . .
Exercising various callings without license
Health By-laws, offences against
Highways, offences relating to
26
4
5
25
4
5
1
24
4
3
3
1
1
25
5
3
3
Pharmacy Acts, offences against
1
1
2
2
2
1
14
144
1
6
16
28
'i
2
2
4
1
3
Trespass , .
Vagrancy
2
3
1
1
1
4
12
4
20
33
203
1
6
13
2
36
24
"2
235
40
185
1
7
206
1
22
16
i
41
7
Drunkenness
4
141
26
Indecent exposure
Insulting, oljscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
1
48
6
59
4
1
1
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against
Insanity
1
1
Totals
316
62
299
33 46 452.3141
618
89
59
S T A T I S T I Q U E C R I M I N E L I. E — 1 9 0 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
>41
Tableau hi. — Condaranations sommaires par magistrals de police et autres juges de paix.
The Territories— Les Territoires.
Alberta, Northei'ii — Nord.
Alberta, Southern— Sud.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam -
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted De-
without ferred
option, t &c.
Empri- Re-
sonnes mise,
sans etc.
option.
M. IF.
M. IF.
Falsification de substances alimentaires.
118
?0
6
"i
118
20
3
1
17
' 2
19
9
6
70
15
7
8
1
71
15
7
i
7
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
Cruaute envers les animaux.
s
1
17
1
2
2
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
" de chasse.
^
1
1
1<^
in
1
1
1
7
6
1
1
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
32
2
14
20
13
9
4
15
1
"2
7
3
3
16
,S
"2
3
12
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
10
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
1
■3
5
1
5
42
2
4
73
2
25
24
"5
7
2
9
56
?
54
17
22
2
2
"" 8
4
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente
de boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concemant les maitres et
serviteurs.
14
74
4
13
21
3
9
1
3
1
44
17
20
R
" de la milice.
Divers petits delits.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
112
108
1
3
7
56
"i
39
3
7
49
i
2
1
1
6
4
4
36
Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique.
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins pubhcs.
Neglig. depourvoiraux besoins de lafamille.
Infract, aux lois concemant les pharmaciens.
8fi
1
1
9,
2
S
'ie
8
6
10
1
24
14
2
4
1
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
Delits centre le revenu de I'Etat.
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
" 3
.3
5
25
2
1
5
1
■ "9
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
•5
1
"2
4
2
1
21
214
3
5
10
1
"i
"i
32
2
7
19
207
1
8
52
4
1
""27
33
4
1
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
6.5
269
1
45
52
1
1
7
51
264
3
12
25
6
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
Exposition indecente.
7
'so
118
6
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
42
4
Infractions aux lois des poids et luesures.
Alienation mentale.
^1
7
112
28
7
2
983
830 149* 116 780
62
045
96
101
Totaux.
-16
242
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1 9 05.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi.— Summary convictions by ix)lice magistrates and other justices.
The Territokie.s— Conc/w»/e'/.
Assiniboia, Eastern —
Est.
Assiniboia, Western — Quest.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
M. IF.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op- 1
tion
of a
fine.
Sur ]
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
i
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
133
16
6
4
1
"92
27
8
1
2
.1
2
1
4
"4
93
26
5
1
0
""2
1
4
1
3
1
Assaults
Breach of peace . .
Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . .
Contempt of court ...
Cruelty to animals . . .
132
17
6
1
11
5
3
1
i
10
Fishery Acts, offences against
Gambling Acts "
3
5
12
41
3
29
21
3
5
12
Incorrigible
30
3
28
21
11
59
48
15
1
' 4
Liquor License Acts, offences against
5
Selling liquor during prohibited hours ....
4
52
•5
28
40
2
4
32
5
20
16
2
.....' —
15
5
3
13
40
1
1
5
10
3
1
Malicious injury to property
8
24
18
29
1
1
0
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
11
^Municipal Acts and By-laws, breache.s of . . .
Exercising various callings without license
Health By-laws, offences against
106
21
25
3
1
106
21
25
3
2
1
46
23
1
46
5
22
1
Neglecting to support family
7
27
7
16
1]
87
9
61
6
26
3
72
32
2
Threats and abusive language
9
5
32
268
6
7
6
5
"i
1
6
5
8
244
5
7
4
5
1
is
18
1
1
2
6
7
9
10
134
303
4
3
15
25
"2
3
4
1
1
7
54
2.58
2
3
17
23
9
Trespass
3
10
Drunkenness
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly ..
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against
Insanity
16
3
2
i
2
18
958
h
15
24
16
2
23
18
Totals
808
65
100
970
762 147
S4
STATISTIQUE C RIM I N ELLE— 1 9 05.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
243
Tableau
III. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix.
Les Teeritoibes— Fi/t.
Saskatchewan.
Yukon.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam -
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op- 1
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
Falsification de substances alimentaires.
75
7
7
79
7
7
1
8
3
21
5
2
1
22
5
2
... 1 ---.
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paLx.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
7
9
1
8
9
->,
Perturbation de reunions religieuseset autres.
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
" de chasse.
I
1
4
1
1
46
2
7
2
39
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
"i
16
'" 5
16
11
1
1
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
7
2
" bois, arbres, fniits, etc.
If)
17
1
18
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
Ventede boissons durant les heures def endues.
1
"4
1
7
4
\2
1
2
10
14
1
10
6
7
12
4
" sans licence.
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente
de boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concemant les maitres et
8
8
7
2
13
1
1
15
8
13
ser\-iteurs.
Inf. aux lois concemant la med. et les dent.
' ' de la milice.
"49
7
"i
" 46
7
7
1
1
■ "3
"14
1
1
2
9
1
""5
i
1
Divers petits delits.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Inf. aux lois sur I'hygiene publique.
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
Infract, aux lois concemant les phatmaciens.
Profanation du dimanche.
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
8
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
Delits ayant rapjxjrt a la corvee.
1
5
31
"2
4
"5
" 5
20
196
3
3
11
6
io
22
""3
14
1
3
"9
176
"1
7
2
1
2
10
7
58
1
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
Vagabondage.
228
3
3
6
7
9
1
"i
117
1
""l
7
I\Tesse.
ExiX)sition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
5
2
7
8
9
10
Alienation mentale.
._ ____
554
\ 26 478 48
54
347
30l 237I 17
123
Totaux.
17-161
244
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 19 05.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
TABLji III. — Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices.
Prinx'e Edward Island — Ile du Prince-Edouahd.
I!t04.
1905.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
\nc-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
Sne.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re
mise,
etc.
Op- 1
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
Bonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
"4
10
9
3
9
3
iJ
Breach of peace
Contempt of court
2
2
6
2
2
6
1
1
Disturbing religious and like meetings
1
1
" of dogs, birds, &c.
'
Breach of Canada Temperance Act
44
15
49
(
3
64
10
74
Violation of Indian liquor law
Other damage to property
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against.
2
2
Municipal Acts and Bj'-Laws, breaches of. .
Exercising various callings without license .
25
25
23
2
2
18
1
24
2
2
18
Highways, offences relating to
1
...
1
Railway Acts, offences against
2
1
1
Threats and abusive language
4
1
5
1
1
Vagrancy
3
285
1
3
' ' '288
3
1
4
171
2
1
■■"i72
6
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Lo'^se, idle, disorderly
2
2
4
4
9
2
11
5
2
7
3
2
5
Totals
399
22 1 406
11
4
313
18
320
el 5
STATISTIQUE C R I MI X ELLE— 1 9 0 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
245
Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix.
Nova Scotia— Xouvelle-Ecosse.
1904.
1905.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
ons
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. |F.
Falsification de substances alimentaires.
241
173
8
3
9
44
'"i
227
190
8
3
10
13
28
1
1
11
22
16
226
141
3
3
21
8
38
6
18
37
210
172
3
3
21
7
38
4
3
34
3
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
Cruaute envers les animaux.
10
^?,
1
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
" de chasse.
98
1
2
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
6
6
13
12
1
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
4
84
223
1
79
33
11
1.5
1
115
230
1
93
1
4
3
1
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
49
15
11
64
234
1
61
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
234
1
11
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
Ventede boissons durant les heures def endues
54
_1
" sans licence.
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de
4
"i
4
65
1
70
3
1
72
.. ..^
boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages maiicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concemant les maltres
68
4
1
1
1
1
1
"l
serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois concemant la med. et les dent.
1
1
2
1
" de la milice.
9
Divers petits delits.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hygi^ne publique.
139
q
5
4
"l
99
1
25
6
2
13
44
194
23
1
47
1
11
185
23
1
47
17
3
s
?5
i
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics .
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la f amille.
Infrac. aux lois concemant les pharmaciens
0
3
^
1
5
2
23
1
51
4
71
2423
4
121
5
69
"2
14
106
io
4
3
"5
2
9
1
30
4
63
2,451
3
131
5
60
1
Profanation du dimanche.
17
4
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat.
9
6
3
2
12
23
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
Vagabondage.
I\T:esse.
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
40
8
15
ii
87
1
9
15
3
33
8
53
2,262
9
84
it
21
8
53
3
io
22
5
29
' 1
2
55
2257
11
76
12
. 37
10
41
1
4
20
2
2
2
6
2
8
Alienation mentale.
S580
Q-^q
3,563
144
112
sq65
969
4,004
82
148
Totaux.
246
CRIMINAL STATISTICS, 190 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi.— Summary convictions by police
magistrates and other justices.
New Brunswick N
OUVEAV-
Brin.swick.
1W4.
VMi).
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
^-ic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam -
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Siir
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri -
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
117
74
3
5
2
111
69
2
11
7
1
96
33
9
4
103
36
2
1
Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . .
8
11
1
9
11
2
6
2
6
Disturbing religious and like meetings
Game Laws "
18
IS
27
27
4
2
1
1
Liquor License Acts, offences against
Breach of Canada Temperance Act
Selling liquor during prohibited hours
3
348
8
4
1
10
"i
3
357
8
5
i
i
18
270
3
25
"8
"3
i8
278
3
28
Malicious injury to property
Other damage to property
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against.
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
4
17
. 1
3
17
1
12
12
1
Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . .
Exercising various callings ^vithout license
44
2
2
13
1
"i
44
2
2
14
1
26
1
2
9
2
"3
• 9
1
i
"i
27
1
3
9
2
■ 4
9
Highways, offences relating to
Railway Acts, offences against
Revenue Laws "
23
4
14
22
3
1
1
7
1
6
14
10
4
27
1
85
1628
4
39
19
3
3
4
48
"2
16
1
33
1,643
4
39
21
3
6
9
2
11
23
1,733
4
38
21
3
Trespass
Vagrancy
Drunkenness
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly
is
1
16
7
is
40
26
0
1
43
1679
4
34
19
4
3
55
5
25
5
i
10
1
'" "13
3
2
5
5
4
9
Totals
2527
97
2,469
45
110
2359
121
2,413
39
2.S
STATISTIQUECRIMINELLE — 1905
iJESSiONAL PAPER No. 17
247
Tableau hi. — Condanmations
sommaires par magistrals de police et autres juges de paix.
Quebec.
1904.
1905.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam -
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op.
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
kc.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
"F"'""-
M. IF.
1
4
4
742
216
25
1
107
47
9
26
661
195
9
6
1
9'.l
12
...
1
27
700
"191
9
5
99
18
17
55
18
Falsification de substances alimentaires.
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
Cruaute envers les animaux.
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
" de chasse.
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
70i5 100
221 i 3
29 ...
l!
17
47
8
4
2
60
14
llli 1
45 3
1
4
1
101
15
1 2
8' 1
72 1
15 2
.1
57
10
16
1
59
19
4
1
28; 1
1 ...
2
26
1
3
2
1
58
"2
161
3
23
47
'2
184
2
12
8fi 18
102 1
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
90 11
101
i
141
423
8
1
191
69
7
95
1
21
9
148
516
8
2
197
74
Canada.
Vente de boissons durant les heuresdef endues.
299, 71
368
8
1
1
1
" sans licence.
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de
boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommasres malicieux a la orooriete.
i98 is
23 ...
4
193
20
4
23
3
1
1
14 Autres dommages a la ijropriete.
3 Infractions aux lois concemant les maitres et
serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois concemant lamed, et les dent.
1
1
" de la milice.
Divers petits delits.
430 24
117 1
13 . . .
428
117
13
10
3
5
26
1
5.57
366
79
39
19
46
11
5
1
582
360
83
33
9
i
21
17
1
7
9
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hvgiene publique
10] . . .
8 ...
14; 1
i
"4
10
Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
Inf. aux lois concemant les phannaeiens.
12
58
10
23
3
15
40
10
3
ii
7
Profanation du dimanche.
282: i
5!...
258
4
14
8
1
66
17
4
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
Dehts contre le revenu de I'Etat.
84!...
20
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
ioii u
31! 2
59
32
1,221
3,345
43
13
425
48
2
56 40
1 35
11
468
726
3
4
578
11
18
•Jl.-.s-
26
29
1,346
3,902
21
10
779
166
2
1
n\
288
2
44
12
24
5
388
591
1
""38
15
' 61
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Erapietement.
1372
3-10-1
43
12
209
54
9
373
582
8
1
281
2
255
251
6
11
6
269
390
2
"54
2
I08O
4055
21
6
283
182
2
43
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
■
Alienation mentale
8142
1520
8,0871 625
950
9575
9,734
703
1,296
Totaux.
248
CRIMINAL STATISTIC S— 1 905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi. — Summary conxnctions by police magistrates and other justices.
4-
OFFEXCES.
Ontakio.
1904.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
M. IF.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Com-
mitted De-
without ferred
option. , &c.
Sur Empri- Re-
option, sonnes mise,
sans I etc.
option. I
l'.)05.
Con-
vic-
Sentence.
Op-
Com-
tions
tion
mitted
De-
Total
of a
without
ferred
fine.
option.
&c.
Con-
—
—
—
dam-
Sur
Empri -
Re-
na-
option
sonnes
mise,
tions.
sans
option.
etc.
M. IF.
Adulteration of food
Assaults
Breach oi peace
Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . .
Contempt of court
Cruelty to animals
Disturbing religious and like meetings; . . . .
Fishery Acts, offences against
Gambling Acts "
Game laws "
Incorrigible
Larceny
" of dogs, birds, &c . . -
" of timber, trees, fruits, &c
Liquor License Acts, offences against
Breach of Canada Temperance Act
Selling liquor during j^rohibited hours
" without license
Violation of Indian liquor law
Malicious injury to property
Other damage to propertj*
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against.
Militia Acts . ' '
Miscellaneous minor offences
Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of . . .
Exercising various callings without license
Health By-laws, ofiFences against ,
Highways, ofltences relating to
Neglecting to support family
Pharmacy Acts, offences against
Profanation of the Lord's Day
Railway Acts, offences against
Revenue Laws "
Seamen Acts "
Statute Labour, offences relating to
Threats and abusive language
Trespass
Vagrancy
Drunkenness
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against
Insanity"
Totals J 183W 1-S37 16762
9
1615
245
75
11
281
33
61
117
61
13
109
12
14
636
188
67
60
9 1
371 13
240' 1
2oI 10
31 . . .
3 . . .
2988 114
82
36
414
22
2
167
576
16
362 27
683 21
1113133
4996;469
64'
340
136
2041
9
39
3
46
315
71
1
9
12
1559
243
69
11
266
28
59
111
57
73
12
8
687
204
73
55
,s
300
232
30
1
2
2573
75
34
429
12
2
101
476
15
7
351
588
427
5010
60
380
366
1750
6
15
15
594
94
4
2
41
19
841
1
130
10
2
1 . ..
157l! 62
402' 21
78'
15 256
6 29
2 27
6! 104
4i 64
.. ; 10
39| 175i 7
171 1
6 9 2
486 41
1
1467
396
74
7
234
30
26
106
65
1431 15
S8| 16
681 4
109
11
52(
158
103
62
14! 1 13
84 269 12 234
5 243 14 242
. ... 171 2
2! 11...
ll 1...
528 4070 300
10
2
2
6
69
80
1
36
101
225
361
3
4
44
343
4
48
134
10
58 2
4261 5
29
5
179
8
328
23
"43
ISO
17
607
20
19
5
1
3.573
144
58
417
6
5
150
266
20
134';
5576
58
388
2216
15
63
1551
43
155
543
459
47li 5639
57
426
'43Q[322V 345
' " 701 1968
2 17
181
10
810
91
2180 !!•»'•■•: l^'l I8I881
1041
157
24
3
20
71
1
47
15
6
796
2
14
21
'37
52
3
39
79
233
317
2
16
49
307
SI
2405
S T A T 1 S T I(^ U E C R I M I N E L L E— 1 9 0 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
249
Tableau in. — Condamnations soramaires par magistrats de police et autres juges de paix.
Manitoba.
1904.
190.5.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Sentence.
OFFENSES.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Com-
mitted
without
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Com-
mitted
without
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Con-
dam-
Sur
Empri-
Re-
Con-
dam-
Sur
Empri-'
Re-
na-
tions.
option
sonnes
sans
mise,
etc. ,
na-
tions.
option
sonnes
sans
mise,
etc.
option.
option.
M. IF.
M. IF.
199
3
31
39
19
24
33
6
49
199
483
14
62
142
223
58
6
28
31
145
2425
15
14
104
149
1
4535
214
355
190
3
24
34
18
25
34
6
48
201
458
14
60
126
231
46
6
14
16
2328
12
12
310
135
4.386
14
33
10
250
32
32
1
15
4
24
62
286
.505
101
434
358
14 37
16 56
112 281
159 3408
14
26
32
239
"'8
229
29
21
1
13
4
23
23
11
11
33
7
54
303
486
91
384
327
14
33j
7
3085
13
28
82
194
101
3
1
"3
1
25
23
200
456
Falsification de substances alimentaires.
Voies de fait.
Perturbation de la paix.
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
Cruaute envers les animaux.
Perturbation de reunions religieuses et autres.-
Infractions aux lois des pecherie.s.
" defendant le jeu.
" de chasse.
Incorrigible.
Larcin.
Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
Canada.
Ven te de boissons durant les heures def endues.
" sans licence.
Contravention a la loi relative a la vente
de boisson aux Sauvages.
Dommages malicieux a la propriete. .
Autres dommages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et
serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent .
" de la milice.
Divers petits delits.
Contraventions aux lois municipales.
Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
Infractions aux lois sur I'hygiene publique.
Delits ayant rapf)ort aux chemins publics .
Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens .
Profanation du dimanche.
Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat.
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empietement.
Ivress
Exix>sition indecente.
Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
T^^nant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des poids et mesures.
Alienation mentale.
79, 425 6.507 2821 .5693
116 980 Totaux.
250
CRIMINAL S T A T 1 S T I C S — 1 9 0 5 .
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table hi.— Summary convictions by police magistrates and other justices.
British Columbia— Colombie-Britannique.
1904.
1905.
OFFENCES.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dam-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
tions
Total
Con-
dani-
na-
tions.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com.-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Ite-
mise,
etc.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Sur
option
Com-
mitted
without
option.
Empri-
sonnes
sans
option.
De-
ferred
&c.
Re-
mise,
etc.
M. IF.
•m. if.
"17
3
3
"'74
"3
69
37
4
1
5
1
3
79
16
' ii
108
35
13
5
1
"1
96
29
13
" 9
4
i
1
2
1
8
40; 2
4'..
2 ...
5 ...
11'.::
2 ...
3
Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons. . . .
Cruelty to animals
13
Fishery Acts, offences against.
Gambling Acts "
190
11
"183
10
7
X
3
2
4
8
5
13
2
4
" of timber, trees, fruits, &c
Liquor License Acts, offences against
"6
"■3
3
"32
i
■ '29
i
■ 3
Selling liquor during prohibited hours
4
1
7
"1
4
1
110
1
24
7
1
181
2
37
1
"34
"i
7
1
164
32
""3
40
11.5
2
24
10
1
2
1
7
11
Other damage to property
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
Militia Acts, offences against
6
]
Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of
Exercising various callings without license
74
4
32
(•)7
3
1
5
1
72
4
28
67
1
1
157
13
50
53
1
2
1
149
14
49
52
10
4
1
2
1
1
1
Pharmacy Acts, offences against
1
7
2
1
1
7
2
1
13
13
24
"5
8
11
5
2
5
5
i
.... ^
14
' 2
Statute Labour, offences relating to
Threats and abusive language
13
8
239
1223
7
33
48
32
"i
46
61
319
4
6
62
1,176
5
30
302
7
1
104
41
2
2
52
4
8
3
233
1183
15
12
53
16
105
"i
460
28
1.211
11
12
497
iio
16
4
9
111
61
' 1
7
119
Drunkenness
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
67
"'6
13
21
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against.
Insanity
4
4
1
1
2265
604
Totnls
' 2,450
167
252
2396
478
2,331
252
291
STATTSTIQUE CRIMINELLE, 19 0 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
251
Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magisti-ats de police et avitres juges de paix.
The Territories
— Les Territoires.
1904.
1905.
Sentence.
Sentence.
Con-
vic-
Con-
vic-
OFFENSES
Op-
Com-
Op-
Com-
tions
tion
mitted
De-
tions
tion
mitted
De-
Total
of a
without
ferred
Total
of a
\vithout
ferred
fine.
option.
&c.
fine.
option.
&c.
Con-
—
—
—
Con-
—
—
—
dam -
Sur
Empri-
Re-
dam-
Sur
Empri-
Re-
na-
option
sonnes
mise,
na-
option
sonnes
mise,
tions.
sans
option.
etc.
tions.'
sans
option.
etc.
M. IF.
M. IF.
399
154
37
6
33
114
3
44
92
17
393
130
28
5
2S
"32
51
38
11
15
12
188
72
207
5
9
1
217
17
21
13
\
21
122
2
1
32
34
275
1292
13
37
m
70
15
28
111
4
71
119
6
7
185
17
19
12
89
30
31
116
1,092
11
35
151
63
24
3870 254 3,163
13
35
3
144
126
2
2
4
28
10
508
91
33
5
42
1
8
73
34
173
12
43
82
22
214
1
2 9'
89 206
21
125
368
38
68
'.19
2
'u
152
12
32
31
322
1508
17
33
94
56
75
447. 514 4592 268 3,760
21
516
89
30
3
41
116
6
39
5
46
150
5
77
106
6
1
355
3
65
90
19
25
122
1,236
12
28
203
51
174
167
4
4
6
[Falsification de substances alinientaires.
23 Voies de fait.
1 Perturbation de la ])aix.
. . . . jPort d'armes illegal.
. . . 'Mepris de cour.
2 Cruaute envers les animaux.
. . . . Perturbation de reunionsreligieusesetautres
. . . . Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
39 I. defendant le jeu.
1 II de chasse.
Incorrigible.
64 Larcin.
6 Vol de chiens, oiseaux, etc.
4 II bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
1 Infractions aux lois des licences de boissons.
. . . . Contraventions aux lois de temperance du
j Canada.
. . Vente de boissons durant les heuresdef endues
. . . I II sans licence.
7 Contravention a la loi relative a la vente de
i boisson aux Sauvages..
. . . . DoDimages malicieux a la propriete.
20!Autres domniages a la propriete.
91 1 Infractions aux lois concernant les maitres et
I serviteurs.
. . . . 'Inf. aux lois concernant la med. et les dent.
. . . I II de la inilice.
. . [Divers petits delits.
15|Contraventions aux lois municipales.
li Pratiquant divers etats sans licence.
4' Infractions aux lois sur I'hj'giene publiq^ue.
8 Delits ayant rapport aux chemins publics.
2!Neglig. de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille.
. . . Infract, aux lois concernant les pharmaciens.
IProfanation du dimanche.
. . . [Infractions aux lois des chemins de fer.
1 Delits contre le revenu de TEtat.
. . . Infractions aux lois mari times.
. . . [Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
lljMenaces et langage injurieux.
6, Empietement.
32j Vagabondage.
127!lvresse.
2 Exposition indecente.
2 Langage insultant, obscene, profane.
8| Tenant, habitant et frequentant des maisons
j de desordre.
4 Conduite dereglee.
Infractions aux lois des jwids et mesures.
96 Alienation mentale.
522 .578.
.Totaux.
252 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 190 5
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
A. 1906
Tableau hi. — Condamnations sommaires par magistrate de police et autres juges de paix.
OFFENSES
Canada.
I!t04.
1905.
Sentence.
C9n-
vic-
Con-
vic-
Op-
Com-
tions
tion
mitted
De-
tions
Total
of a
fine.
without
option.
ferred
&c.
Total
Con-
— .
—
—
Con-
dam-
Sur
Empri-
Re-
dam-
na-
option
sonnes
mise,
na-
tions.
sans
option.
etc.
tions.
M. IF.
M. IF.
Sentence.
Op-
tion
of a
fine.
Com- I
mitted De-
without ! f erred
option. &c.
Sur Empri-
option sonnes
sans
option.
Re-
mise,
etc.
Adulteration of food 13
Assaults ,3394
Breach of peace 9^18
Carrying firearms and unlawful weaix)ns j 19(5
Contempt of court ... 23
Cruelty to animals 474
Disturbing religious and like meetings j 109
Fishery Acts, offences against. 139
Gambling Acts " j 464
Game Laws " !
Incorrigible
Larceny
" of dogs, birds, &c
" of timber, trees, fruits, &c
Liquor License Acts, offences against
Breach of Canada Temperance Act. ...
Selling liquor during prohibited hours. ...
" without license
Violation of Indian liquor law
INIalicious injury to property
Other damage to property .... ....
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against
Medical and Dentistry Acts, offences against
Militia Acts "
Miscellaneous minor offences
Municipal Acts and By-laws, breaches of. . .
Exercising various callings without license
Health By-laws, offences against
Highways, offences relating to
Neglecting to support family
Pharmacy Acts, offences against
Profanation of the Lord's Day
Railway Acts, offences against
Revenue Laws "
Seamen Acts "
Statute Labour, offences relating to
Threats and abusive language
Trespass
Vagrancy
Drunkenness
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language. .
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof.
Loose, idle, disorderly _. . . .
Weights and Pleasures Acts, offences against.
Insanity
4
16
217'
3327
70
883
1
169
2
22
9
44.0
0
106
1
1
148l 2|
13! 2| .
271 9!
16 ...1
60.. I
9III1OII
626' 36
32.5 28
400 103
404 24
32 1
801 j 36
670 6
31 1 11
13...
6L..
4400 162
245 4
174 3
6851 19
39 5
21 1
412 13
1091 2
46 . . .
134 .. .
599 60
788 24
3281 566
1747i:i 142
> 165! 12
532; 61
594! i39»
2346 i 83
151 1
113 35
128
4081
142
15
Totals *S664 4S28
207
16
521
979
640
351
5611
318
26
720
572
42
8
2
3884
238
164
684
22
11
355
907
41
28
7
518
676
1883
17179
]50
577
1779
2031
12
41286
1 27 1
264 3390'231
63 9441 77
19 159
2 25
442
66
93
411
8 1 172
.13
73 465
.. i 29
8 58
14' 887
2(;
12|
57!
3
2
1
13
2
117
98
3
3
626
11
13
20
15
11
69
116
3
24
3
18
1180
565
20
4
92
31
2359
138
118
784
1151
7
12
113
367
4
148
4547
557
311
647
5o4
33
738
805
25
20
1
5900
678
694
1049
54
6
312
574
49
61
44
363
741
3887
20043
125
645
611
2793
17
204
19
1
2
105
29
22
156
57
2
38!
40
2
12
49072
28
3298
960
141
21
415
66
92
344
170
"320
1
49
984
582
333
798
417
30
678
725
26
10
1
5381
672
645
993
17
6
286
431
42
23
441
2601
640
2082 i
193941
115
695
1737
2456
19
46443
ll!
13
6
4!..
3:
2'.,
312
48
13
' 26
1
1
70
1
2
20
5
1.59
2
11
11
2
6
4
4
123
4
1
10
1
3
20
6
1539
628
9
10
175
31
1
21
1
97
110
872
29
67
63
34
37
63
4
12
iso
116
987
1599
6
24
124
398
270
2761 5731
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 A. 1906
TABLE IV.
NUMBER OF PERSONS FINED AND AMOUNTS OF FINES.
TABLEAU IV.
NOMBRE DE PERSONNES MISES A L'AMENDE ET MONTANTS DES
AMENDES.
254
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table iv.
Number of persons fined and amounts of fines.
Prince Edwabd Island.
Ilk du Pkince-Edouard.
Nova Scotia.
Nodvellk-Ecosse.
SUMMARY CONVICTIONS.
No. of
per-
sons
fined.
Nom-
brede
per-
sonnes
mises
^I'a-
mende
Amount of
fines, costs or
damages.
Montant
des amendes,
frais ou
dommages. "
No. of
pers.
com. to
jail in
defa'lt
to pay
fines.
Nomb.
de per.
mises
en pri-
son k
d^faut
de
payer
I'am.
No. of
per-
sons
fined.
Nom-
brede
per-
sonnes
mises
kl'a-
mende
Amount of
fines, costs or
damages.
Montant
des amendes,
frais ou
dommages.
No. of
pers.
com. to
jail in
defa'lt
to pay
fines.
Nomb.
deper.
Total
am'nt.
Mon-
tant
total.
Paid.
Pay«.
Not
paid.
Non
pay6.
Total i p^id.
am nt.
Mon- ~
tant Pay^.
total.
Not
paid.
Non
pay6.
en pri-
son h
d6faut
de
payer
I'am.
S
S
S
§
a
$
4 io
10 25
1 5
1
1()
9
9
'" 5
1
210
172
3
3
21
38
4
"12
1,503
844
35
18
159
48
1,465
35
""85
2
1,200
802
35
18
134
31
1,327
35
""85
2
303
42
17
2
Carrying fire-arms & unlawf. weapons
Contempt of court
""25
17
138
""1
1
1
Gambling Acts "
Game Laws "
Larceny
1
5
5
*
" of timber, trees, fruits, &c. . .
Liquor License Acts, offences against
Breach of Canada Temperance Act . .
Selling liquor during prohib'd hours
H without license
Violation of Indian liquor law . . .
1
115
230
1
93
1
72
4,040 3.573
467
1,844
' 1,859
6
74
6,822
3,451
3.371
14
12,495
50
5,244
15
361
10,651
50
3,385
15
325
21
4
36
6
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences
against.
1
12
12
"""7
9
40
"2!
2
' "23
" iiy
"i85
23
1
47
Munic. Acts & By-laws, breaches of . .
Exercis'g various callings with't lie.
Health By-laws, offences against. . .
Highways, offences relating to
T^eglecting to support family
24
2
2
18
28
2
9
63
464
146
13
173
459
146
13
168
5
.... ^
1
Profanation of the Lord's Day
5
2
9
1
30
4
63
2,451
3
131
5
60
20
175
19
2
118
32
988
8,916
17
372
220
234
20
175
7
2
107
32
438
7,802
17
308
220
227
"i2
"ii
Seamen Acts "
Statute Labour offences relating to .
Threats and abusive language
Trespass
1
10
1,145
10
"44
550
1,114
17
Drunkenness
172
490
655
195
Insulting, obscene & prof, language
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses
and inmates thereof.
4
7
38
45
38
45
3
64
7
15
2
Weights & Meas. Acts, offenc. against
Totals
320
8,207
4,067
4,140
7S
4,004
38,320
31,821
6,499
289
STATISTIQUE CRi:\IINELLE— 1905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
255
Tableau iv
Nombre de personnes mises a I'amende et montants des ame^des.
New Brunswick,
—
Quebec.
Nouveau-Brdnswick.
No. of
No. of
Amount of
per.
Amount of
pers.
No. of
fines, costs or
com. 10
No. of fines, costs or
com. to
per-
damages.
jail in
per- damages.
jail in
sons
defa'lt
sons —
defa'lt
fin<jd.
Moniant
to pay
fined. Montant
to pay
COXDAMNATIONS
des amende?,
fines.
des amendes,
fines.
SOMMAIRES.
_..
frais ou
—
— frais ou —
dommages.
Nomb.
dommages. Nomb.
Nom-
brede
per-
sonnes
de per.
Nom- de per.
'loial
Paid.
Not
paid.
en pri-
son h
so^n^nes Total
Paid.
T^ . en pri-
„°i son a,
mises
am'nt.
d6faut
mises """"f-
d^faut
^I'a-
mende
Mon-
tant
total.
Pay^.
N^n
pay6.
de
payer
I'am.
mende Mon-
tant
; total.
Pay6.
Non
pay6.
de
payer
ram.
$
$
$
27
320
320
Falsification de siibst. alimentaires.
103
1,135
651
484
18
700
5,300
3,552. 1,747
152
Voies de fait.
36
411
183
228
9
191
870
687 183
53
Perturbation de la paix.
9
5
152
22
114 38
22
3
Port d'armes illegal.
Mepris de cour.
2
15
80
15
80
99
18
446
135
412 M
2
2
6
85
50
Perturb, de reunions relig. et autres.
17
105
60
45
2
Infractions aux lois des pecheries.
55
1,070
1,070
365
27
1,086
638
448
4
18
549
184
2
' ' de chasse.
2
27
» 7
20
47
345
171
174
19
Larcin.
2
184
14
6,318
14
6,143
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
18
485
345
140
2
175
9
Infrac. aux lois des lie. de boissons.
278
14,255
13,224
1,031
7
Contravention aux lois de tempe-
rance du Canada.
3
250
1.600
250
1,150
'""456
5
148
.516
.5.168
26,310
.5,168
Vente de boiss. dur. les heures def.
28
25,062
1,248
20
" sans licence.
8
300
300
Contravention a la loi ralative a la
vente de boisson aux Sauvages.
2
.59
59
Dommages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
12
154
49
105
4
197
1,247
786
461
55
74
843
272
571
31
Infractions aux lois concernant les
maitres et serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois cone, la med.et les dent.
1
3
3
Infractions aux lois de la milice.
Divers petits delits.
27
141
li4
27
2
582
1,779
1,614 165
24
Contravention aux lois municipales.
1
11
11
360
1,845
1,700; 145
0
Pratiq. divers etats sans licence.
3
32
12
20
83
346
331 1 15
1
Inf. aux lois sur I'hygiene pub.
9
67
47
20
33
93
93
Delits a van trap, auxcheni. pub.
2
14
14
9
94
13
81
4
Negligence de pourvoir aux besoins
de la famille.
Inf. aux lois cone, les pharmaciens.
Profanation du dimanche.
4
8
8
15
737
737' . .
9
66
10
56
3
40
342
204 138
12'Infrac. aux lois des chemins de fer.
10
3
1,210
6
610 600
6
1
Delits contre le revenu de I'Etat.
10
32
24
8
Infractions aux lois raaritimes.
Delits ayant rapport a la corvee.
Menaces et langage iniurieux.
11
83
40
43
1
26
1.51
120 31
1
29
89
64 25
2 Empieteoient.
'23
392
32
360
14
1,346
11,656
3,654 8,002
668 Vagabondage.
1,733
8,244
4.708
3,536
187
3,902
19,501
6,800i 12,692
1,883
Ivresse.
1
31
13
18
2
21
308
190' 118
4
Exposition indecente.
38
248
91
157
18
10
81
57 1 24
1
Langageinsultant, obscene et profane.
21
1.120
1,025
95
1
779
17,2.55
11,4861 5,767
200
Tenant, habitant etfrequen tant des
niaisons de desordre.
3
12
12
166
2
811
52
523
52
288
48
Conduite dereglee.
Inf. aux lois des poids et mesures.
2,413
29,999
22,753
7,246
277
9,734
105930
72,928' 33,002
i
3,197
Totaux
256
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table iv.— Number of persons fined and amounts of fines.
SUINOIARY CONVICTIONS.
Ontario.
Manitoba.
No. of
per-
sons
fined.
Nom-
brede
per-
sonnes
mises
kl'a-
mende
Amount of
fines, costs or
damages.
ilontant
desamendes,
frais ou
dom mages.
Total
am'nt.
Mon-
tant
total.
Paid.
Payd.
Not
paid.
Non
pay6.
' No. of
pers.
com. to
jail in
defa'lt
to pay
fine.
Nomb.
de per.
mises
en pri-
son k ,
d^fauti
de
payer
I'am.
No. of
per-
sons
fined.
Nom-
brede
per-
sonnes
mises
^I'a-
mende
Amount of
fines, costs or
damages.
Montant
des amendes,
frais ou
dommages.
Totxl
am'nt
Mon-
tant
total.
Paid.
Pay6.
Not
paid.
Non
paye.
I No. of
pers.
com. to
jail in
defa'lt
to pay
fine.
Nomb .
deper.
mises
en pri-
son a
d^faut
de
payer
i'am.
Adulteration of food
Assaults
Breac-h of peace
Carry ing fire-arms & unlawf. weapons
Contempt of court
Cruelty to animals
DisturVj'g religious & like meetings. .
Fisherj^ Acts, offences against
Gambling Acts "
Game Laws "
Larceny
" of dogs, birds, &c
" of timber, trees, fruits, &c. .
Liquor License Acts, offences agamst
Breach of Canada Temperance Act..
1
1,467
396
74
7
234
30
26
106
65
109
, 11
7
527
Selling liq. during prohib'd hours . . j 158
" without license ' 103
Violation of Indians liquor law.. . . 62
Malicious injury to property 13
Other damage to property 234
Master's and Servant's Acts, offen- 242
ces against.
Medical & Dent'y Acts, off. against. . . 19
Militia Acts, offences against 5
Miscellaneous minor offences 1
Munic. Acts & By-laws, breaches of. . . 3,.573
Exerc'g v.arious callings with't lie. . 144
Health By-laws, offences against. 58
Highways, offences relating to. . . 417
Neglecting to support family 6
Phamiacy Acts, offences against .... 5
Profanation of the Lord's Day 150
Railway Acts, offences against 266
Revenue Laws " ' 20
Seamen Acts " i
Statute Labour, offences relating to . .
Threats and abusive language
Trespass
Vagrancy
Drunkenness
Indecent exix)sure
Insulting, obscene & prof, language
Keeping, frequenting bawdy
houses and inmates thereof
Loose, idle, disorderly .
Weights & Meas. Acts, offen. against.
Totals
28
7,489
1,926
593
60
916
107
247
1,573
954
685
63
24
11,534
3,977
5,395
1,435
374
1,167
3,239
530
20
20
8,.354
1,976
246
1,087
84
1'6
368
1,073
439
28
6,648
1,389
331
58
802
79
247
1,253
789
509
43
19
10,623
S
841
537
262
2
114
28
3,869
4,780
1,327
334
970
1,932
530
20
320
165
170
20
5
911
108
615
108
40
197
1,307
11
16
43
155
543
459
5,639
57
426
345
1,968
17
18,188
67
731
1,412
2,8.51
18,466
441
1,551
5,722
6,283
103
93,696
7,537
1,825
228
1,018
14
106
363
464
137
20
817
151
IS
69
70
609
302
229
29
21
1
13
4
23
11
11
33
7
54
303
85
62
596
737
590
n,114
307
1,391 1
4,565
4,703
103
72,440
135
675
2,261
7,332
134
160
1,157
1,580
21,256
1
7
.38
324
1,740
5
15
63^
256'
486
91
384
327
14
33
7
3,085
13
28
1,3681
171i
189;
2
92
34
1,241
169
189
2
92
34
1,968 1,838
255| 225
244! 238
991 891
563 583
863 863
406 356
226 226
358 321
7,498! 7,014
1,294' 1,135
385 345
1,347 1,34
127
2
130
30
6
100
50
37
484
159;
40
1,145
20
347
28
1,139
20
3471
141 14
119 97
237 120
60 35
14,014 10,915
80
223
80
203
82' 1,346 1,223
194 1,117 1,031
22
117
25
3,099
20
123
86
1
10
2
629
5
15
2,788j 5,693 37,010j 32,333 4,677 689
8 T A T 1 S T I Q U E C R I M T X E L L E, 19 0 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
257
Tableau iv. — Nombre de personnes mises a I'ameiide et montants des amendes.
British Columbia.
Colombie-Britannique.
N.-W. Territories and Yukon.
Teb. du Noed-Ouest kt lk Yukon.
No. of
per-
sons
fined.
Nom-
brede
per-
sonnel
mises
^I'a-
mende
Amount of
fines, costs or
damages.
Montant
des amendes,
frais ou
dommages.
No. of
pers.
com. to
jail in
;defa'lt
to pay
fine.
Nooib.
deper.
mises
en pri-
son a
defaut
de
payer
I'am.
No. of
per-
sons
fined.
Nom-
brede
per-
sonnes
mises
^I'a-
mende
Amount of
fines, costs or
damages.
Montant
des amendes,
frais ou
dommages.
No. of
1. pers.
com. to
jail in
defa'lt
to pay
fine.
Nomb.
de per.
mises
en pri-
son 4
defaut
de
payer
I'am.
COXDAMXATIONS
SOMMAIRES.
lotal
am'nt.
Mon-
tant
total
Paid.
Pay^.
Is^t
paid.
Non
pay6.
Total
am'nt.
Mon-
tant
total.
Paid.
Pay6.
Not
paid.
Non
pay6.
S
69 (ifil
.s
' 615
308
37
10
6u
8
47
1,681
267
71
' 469
■ 46
15
20
""5
2
5i6
89
30
3
41
' 3,690
575
447
20
488
S
3,690
575
447
20
488
S
Falsificat. des subst. alimentaires.
37
4
1
323
57
10
60
4<
2,284
207
213
494
""1
Perturbation de la pai.x.
Port d'arnies illegal.
Mepris de cour.
Criiaute envers les animaux.
Perturb, de reunions relig. et autres.
Infractions aux lois de.s pecheries.
" defendant le jeu.
'• de chasse.
Larcin.
Vol de chiens, oiseaux. etc.
" bois, arbres, fruits, etc.
Infrac. aux lois des lie. de boLssons.
Contravention aux lois de tenipe-
5
1
"603
' 142
25
" 25
3.599
3
79
16
11
■"29
21
""4
2
65
5
"16
"8
2
8
33
32
116
6
39
88
5
46
150
64
595
350
1,166
108
333
3,846
24<2
, .^,043
6.928
64
595
3.50
1,166
108
333
3,640
242
3,043
6,928
200
687
4,001
184
18
4,494
441
85L
.532i
i
1
■ •■
" 205
7
1
164
278
52
5,787
.58
230
'is
'"'744
351
282
235
258
2,188
Vente de boiss. dur. les heures def.
" sans licence.
(Contra ven. a la loi relative a la vente
de boisson aux Sauvages.
Uomniages malicieux a la propriete.
Autres dommages a la propriete.
Infractions aux lois concemant les
uiaitres et serviteurs.
Inf. aux lois cone, la med. et les dent.
" milice.
Divers petits debts.
Contra vent, aux lois municipales.
Pratiq. divers etats sans licence.
Inf. aux lois sur I'hygiene publ.
Debts ayant rap. aux chem. pub.
Negligence de pourvoir aux besoms
2
32
58 ...
172 58
5; 200
77 687
106 4,001
6 184
1 18
"355 4^494
37 441
65 851
3
14
49
"io
587
351
230
224
"i.57
52
11
52
90
532
"3
4
"17
95
8
57
973
390
Inf. aux lois cone, les pharmaciens.
Profanation du dimanche.
Infrac. aux lois des chemins de fer.
Debts contre le revenu de I'Etat.
1
7
2
7
86
10
2
""21
10
7
65
""57
945
390
"'28
1
2
1
Infractions aux lois maritimes.
Debts ayant rapix)rt a la corvee.
Menaces et langage injurieux.
Empieteraent.
Vagabondage.
Ivresse.
Exposition indecente.
Langage insultant,obscene et profane.
Tenant, habitant et frequentant des
maisons de desordre.
Conduite dereglee.
Inf. aux lois des poids et mesures.
4
6
62
1,176
5
30
302
24
41
818
3,241
228
203
6,688
62
i9'
41'
571
4,753;
78
148;
6,548
.55
5
" 247
1,488'
150
55
142
7
1
""14
273
2
5
?'
19
25
122
1,236
12
28
203
51
173
127
1,016
8,175
51
182
3,522
352
"i73|:":::
127 .
1,016|
8,1751
511
182; ....
3,522
352 ....
.... ... 1
2.331
26,806
19,887
6.919
427j 3,760
48,315
48,082
233
4
Totaux.
17— r
258
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 19 05.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table iv. — Number of persons fined and amounts of fines.
SUMMARY CONVICTIONS.
Canada.
Number
of persons
fined.
Norabre
de
personnes
mises a
I'amende.
Adulteration of food
Assaults
Breach of peace
Carrying fire-arms and unlawful weapons
ContemiJt of court
Cruelty to animals
Disturbing religious and like meetings
Fishery Acts, offences against
Gambling Acts i. .
Game Laws »
Larceny
M of dogs, birds, &c
M of timber, trees, fruit, &c
Liquor License Act, offences against
Breach of Canada Tem.perance Act
Selling liquor during prohibited hours
M to Indians
II without license .
Malici(jus injury to property
Other damage to property ... ...
Master's and Servant's Acts, offences against.
Medical and Dentisti-y Acts h
Militia Acts, offences against
Miscellaneous minor offences ....
]Municip. Acts & Bj'-laws, breaches of
Exercising various callings without license.
Healtli By-laws, offences against
Highways, offences relating to
Neglecting to support family ... . ........
Pharmacy Acts, offences against
Profanation of the Lord's Day. ...
Railway Acts, offences against
Revenue Laws n
Seamen Acts «
Statute Labour, offences relating to
Threats and abusive language
Trespass
Vagrancy
Drunkenness
Indecent exposure
Insulting, obscene and profane language ....
Keeping, frequenting bawdy houses and
inmates thereof
Loose, idle, disorderly
Weights and Measures Acts, offences against.
28
3,298
960
141
21
41,0
66
92
344
170
320
17
49
981
.582
333
798
417
30
678
72.5
26
10
1
5,381
672
645
993
17
6
286
431
42
23
44
260
640
2,082
19,394
115
695
1,737
2,4.56
19
46,443
Amount
of fines, costs or
damages.
Montant
•s amendes, frais ou
dominages.
Total
amount.
Montant
total.
Paid.
Paye.
348
21,156
5,145
1,473
337
2,176
412
1.928
7,530
3,405
2,755
171
373
27,708
33,572
10, .548
412,. 507
14,8.56
932
4,204
15, .581
726
56
20
17,298
5,1.57
3,126
3,395
192
126
1,524
2,588
2,224
59
69
1,409
1,938
17,781
84,682
1,156
2,898
3.5,871
8,916
1.55
388,283
•S
348
17,-598
4,129
1,153
130
2,003
317
1,745
6,477
2,578
2,237
151
368
25,685
27,326
10,415
38,335
11,099
892
3,310
13,219
726
56
Not paid.
Non paye.
. Number
of persons
committed
in default to
pay fine.
Nombre
de personnes
mises
en prison a
defaut de
payer
I'amende.
15,947
4,819
3,021
3,261
41
126
1,.512
1,678
1,322
39
64
1,162
1,121
6,336
54,766
736
2,418
28,587
6,903
155
304,311
3, .558
1,016
320
7
173
95
183
1,053
827
.^18
20
5
2,023
6,246
133
4,172
3,757
40
894
2,362
20
1,3.51
338
105
134
151
12
910
902
20
5
247
817
11,445
29,916
420
480
7,284
2,013
254
103
6
3
34
r>
29
1
30
42
1
32
69
9
91
40
1
106
11
10
11
6
109
1
1
11
50
1,039
4,951
13
54
272
325
83,972
r,749
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 A. 1906
TABLE V.
SUMMARY CONVICTIONS AND CASES SUBJECT TO TRIAL BY JURY.
TABLEAU V.
CONDAMNATIONS SOMM AIRES ET CAUSES JUSTICIABLES D'UN JURY.
17—171
260 CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table v. — Summary convictions and cases subject to trial by jury.
Summary
Convictions.
Condamnations
sommaires.
CASES SUBJECT TO TRIAL BY JURY BUT
TRIED SUMMARILY BY CONSENT.
CAUSES JUSTICIABLES D'UN JURY MAIS
JUGEES SOMMAIREMIJNT DE
CONSENTEMENT.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS.
DISTRICTS JUDICI-
AIRES.
By Police or other
Magistrate.
Par un Magistrat de
Police ou autre.
Under the Si^eedy Trials
Act.
En vertu de I'Acte des
proces expeditifs.
Con- Ac-
victions. quittals.
Con- Ac-
damna- quitte-
tions. ments.
1
Totals.
Totaux.
Con-
victions.
Con-
daiima-
tions.
Ac-
quittals.
• Ac-
quitte-
ments.
Totals.
M.
r.
To-
tals.
To-
taux.
Totaux.
M.
F.
H.
F.
M.
F.
H.
F.
M.
F.
H.
F.
King's, P.E.I.-l. duP.-E..
Prince P E I — I du P.-E
2
101
210
""3
15
2
104
225
Queen's, P.E.I. —I. duP.-E.
32
1
23
55
1
1
Totals of P. E. Island..!
313
18
331
32
1
23
55
Totaux de IT. du P.-E. /
Province of Ontario.
Algoma and Manitoulin .....
Brant
Bruce
Carleton
564
471
249
918
50
215
382
206
248
70
69
404
182
297
423
279
417
86
261
762
323
571
144
359
i520
368
42
363
334
107
48
245
404
177
' 940
; 269
1 285
766
289
1,124
1 5,934
65
16
3
128
3
11
10
10
16
4
■ 37
10
10
15
9
19
2
9
39
15
50
8
18
5
14
1
4
15
5
"26
13
8
123
6
14
17
68
842
629
487
252
1,046
53
226
392
216
264
74
69
441
192
307
438
288
436
88
270
801
338
621
152
377
325
382
43
367
349
112
48
265
417
185
1,063
275
299
783
296
1,192
6,776
45
118
5
164
4
33
53
27
23
4
2
6
"23
4
36
"48
•••5
5
49
154
5
212
4
54
53
35
46
11
2
11
"28
10
9
13
17
"i
1
2
8
7
9
12
17
20
26
"i
1
Elgin. .
' i
"i
21
1
1
1
"5
4
8
4
12
24
11
9
14
17
23
9
25
1
11
15
4
21
3
15
7
8
20
4
■ 7
4
9
36
4
3
4
16
7
18
48
66
540
8
7
"3
12
15
4
15
24
16
17
16
23
29
11
29
2
17
21
6
39
4
27
7
13
25
7
10
6
"12
42
5
3
5
18
12
23
62
97
749
Frontenac
Grey.
8
1
"4
Halton
2
"2
3
"i
"2
""l
i
8
22
5
8
2
6
6
2
4
1
6
6
2
18
1
12
■■■5
5
3
3
2
"3
6
1
"1
2
5
5
14
31
209
"i
" i
2
....
::::
....
4
9
Hastings . .
34
5
34
35
4
20
81
17
60
10
19
13
23
4
5
1
"2
"i
6
3
'4
2
2
26
44
9
5
1
2
41
1
7
10
1
....
5
6
4
....
60
12
78
44
4
25
9
18
122
38
67
20
20
13
32
9
'ii
1
"2
' i
10
3
■■■4
2
2
1
1
Huron
•)
Rent
Lambton
Lanark
Leeds and Grenville
Lennox and Addington
"2
3
"i
Middlesex
?
Muskoka and Parry Sound . .
Nipissing . . .
Norfolk
Northumberland & Durham .
Ontario
Oxford
9
1
Peel
1
Perth
82
55
I
8
28
13
76
17
35
89
14
120
931
2
2
1
37
17
3
....
' i
119
72
10
3
8
29
20
89
24
49
97
25
250
1.572
3532
2
2
2
"1
"i
1
"3
"21
178
305
Peterborough . . . .
Prescott and Russell
Prince Edward
2
Simcoe
1
' i
1
"i
"io
110
1
7
13
7
14
8
11
130
641
" '2
ii
68
113
Storm 't, D'das and Gleng'ry .
Thunder Bay & Rainy River.
Victoria
Waterloo
Welland
Wellington
Wentworth
York
■'i
"2
12
Totals of Ontario )
Totaux d'Ontario /
J 19,965
1,669
21,6342333
192
1199
31
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE, 190 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
261
Tableau v. — Condamnations sommaires et causes justiciables d'un jury.
CASES
TRIED BY JURY.
TOTALS OF
INDICTABLE OFFENCES.
GRAND TOTALS
OF INDICTABLE OFFENCES
AND SUM-
MARY CONVICTIONS.
Grand
Totals
CAUSES
TOTAUX DES
DELITS
GRANDS TOT.\UX DES
offen-
ces.
JUGEES PAR JURES.
JUSTICIABLES DUN
DELITS JUSTICIABLES
JURY.
D'UN JURY ET DES CON-
DAMNATIONS SOMMAIRES.
—
Grands
Con-
Ac-
Con-
Ac-
Con-
Ac-
de
toutes
victions.
quittals.
Totals.
\-ictions.
quittals.
Totals.
victions.
quittals.
Totals.
Con-
Ac-
—
Con-
Ac-
Totaux.
Con-
Ac-
Totaux.
les of-
fences.
damna-
quitte-
Totaux.
damna-
quitte-
damna-
quitte-
tions.
ments.
tions.
ments.
tions.
ments.
M.
F. H.
F.
M.
F.
H.
F.
M.
F.
H.
F.
M. F.
2i. ..
105 3
2421 16
i
H.
F.
M.
2
105
265
F.
"3
16
2
4
4
4
4
32
36
4
55
'l
108
1
1
23
23
lllLi
23
281
4
59
1
349
10
23
372
19
391
Province d'Ontario.
144
4
2
I 1
3l 17
5: 112
15
256
56
130
18
185
5
39
64
35
37
31
11
45
20
52
62
13
45
9
33
106
21
83
13
37
20
32
22
91
64
11
3
17
64
20
87
25
54
103
11 32
1 172
51050
12]3017 219
11
121
. 65
5 174
. . 25
5 245
3
12
12
20
12
18
16
19
147
689
68
74
43
66
39
17
87
29
106
79
16
54
15
43
163
28
111
26
50
21
48
28
136
85
16
3
20
76
32
107
37
72,
119
51 1
319i
1,739
10;
2
11
1
2
4
1
24
195
1,520 129 4,537 348
620
601
267
,103
55
254
446
241
285
101
80
449
202
349
485
292
462
95
294
868
344
654
157
396
340
400
64
454
398
lis
51
262
468
197
;027
294
339
869
321
,293
,984
67
23
4
151
3
11
n
10
17,
4
'4!
12
15
16
11
24
2
10
451
19
50
12
20
7
14
2
6
17
20
14
8
124
8
14
19
7
79
963
22,9821888 1,520
3
12
12
20
12
18
16
19
147
689
629 67
645 28
274: 4
1,163 156
55 3
283 12
456 11
249 10
314! 21
109 4
86; ... .
491! 47
211' 12
4031 21
502 16
295
471
101
304
925
351
682
170
409
341
416
70
499
419
123
51
265
480
209
1,047
306
357
885
340
1,443
7,673
129 24,502
11
24
2
11
51
20
50
12
20
7
15
2
6
17
9
"'26
16
8
124
8
14
21
8
92
1037
696
673
278
1,319
58
295
467
259
335
113
86
538
223
424
518
306
495
103
315
976
371
732
182
429
348
431
72
505
436
132
51
285
496
217
1,171
314
371
906
348
1,535
8,710
2017| 26,519
262
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1 905.
5-6 EDWARD Vli., A. 1906
Table v. — Summary convictions and cases subject to trial by jury.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS.
DISTRICTS JUDICI-
AIRES.
Summary
Convictions.
Condamnations
sommaires.
cases subject to trial by jury but
tried summarily by consent.
causes justtciables dun jury mais
ju(;kks sommaikement
de consentement.
M.
To-
tals.
To-
taux.
Bj' Police or other
Magistrate.
Par un Magistral de
Police ou autre.
Con- Ac-
victions. quittals.
Con-
damna-
tions.
Totals.
Ac-
quitte- Totaux.
ments.
LTnder the SiJeedy Trials
Act.
En vertu de I'Acte des
proces expeditifs.
Con-
victions.
Con-
damna-
tions.
M. F. H. F. M.
H.
Ac-
quittals.
Totals
Ac-
quitte- j Totaux
ments.
M. F. I H. F.
Province of Quebec.
87
112
61
86
17
12
39
58
66
12
6,523
356
17
1,227
86
134
9
■■■■2
7
1
2
'""i
1
1,901
21
ieo
21
5
87
114
68
87
19
12
39
58
67
13
8,424
377
17
1,387
107
139
9
403
121
7
158
3
1
2
5
1
2
5
6
2
6
6
1
3
31
2
4
2
1
1
3
47
2
5
2
1
5
flp/^fnrd
16
'" 1
4
Chieoutimi
Iberville
10
4
7
....
2
....
10
6
7
Montmagny
Montreal
1
972
1
1
127
"'26
1
86
16
1
■75
1
'"8
2
1
2
3
138
'43
"12
"i
4
1110
1
1
170
87
1
9
2
1
486
34
'ii
21
1
78
4
1
2
5
11
564
38
1
13
18
32
1
Pontiac
11
'35
"2
31
1
121
16
1
1
.385' 18
4
Rt TTvaointhe . . .
116
5
147
5
2
11
6
5
25
"i
1
2
1
8
....
i
8
6
.33
1
Three Rivers
1
2
Totals of Quebec |
Totaux de Quebec /
9,555
2,158
11,713
1271
92
250
19
1521
111
614
24
104
12
718
36
Province of New Brunswick.
Albert
Carleton : . - .
Charlotte
Gloucester
Kent.
7
64
239
20
3
23
3
5
2
7
67
244
22
3
23
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
"3
1
9
1
9
1
1
2
3
1
Northumberland
273
3
276
12
1
13
St. John
993
80
1,073
45
2
14
59
3
4
1
2
1
6
2
1
5
1
18
1
7
4
30
Westmoreland
York
521
216
17
11
538
227
18
4
2
18
4
108
2
5
0
2
3
12
1
25
1
Totals of New Brunswick |
Totaux du N. -Brunswick/
2,359
121
2,480
83
4
3
8 T AT I S T I Q U E C R I M I N E L L E— 1 9 0 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
263
Tableau v. — Condamnations sommaires et causes justieiables d'un jury.
CASES
TRIED BY JURY.
, CAUSES
JUGEES PAR .JURES.
TOTALS OF
INDICTABLE OFFENCES.
TOTAUX DES DELITS
JUSTICIABLES D'UN
JURY.
GRAND TOTALS
OF INDICTABLE OFFENCES
AND SUM-
MARY CONVICTIONS.
GLANDS TOTAUX DES
DELITS JUSTICIABLES
D'UNJURY ET DES CON-
DAMNATIONS SOMMAIRES.
Grand
Totals
of all
offen-
ces.
Con-
victions.
Con-
damna-
tions.
Ac-
quittals.
,Ac-
quitte-
ments.
Totals.
Totaux.
Con-
victions.
Con-
damna-
tions.
Ac
quittals.
Ac-
quitte-
ments.
Totals.
Totaux.
Con- Ac-
victions. i quittals.
Con- Ac-
damna- quitte-
tions. ments.
Totals.
Totaux.
Grands
Totaux
de
toutes
les of-
fenses.
M. 1 F.
H.
F.
M. F. 1 H.
F. M.
F.
H.
F.
M.
F.
H. F.
M.
F.
Province de Quebec.
03
61
13
124
11
5
9
31
2
4
12
4
7
1
1,498
39
3
141
13
20
1
94
22
6
25
1,948
117
16
3
262
7
3
.50
5
11
"40
2
1
9
415
26
34
13
6
9
47
2
5
12
6
7
4
1,760
46
6
191
18
31
1
134
24
7
34
2,363
98
117
70
117
19
16
51
62
73
13
123 8,021
2 395
20
9 1,368
99
154
10
479
138
11
172
151 11,503
1
1
1998
23
168
23
6
3
262
7
3
50
5
11
26
2275
415
34
100
1
118
2
70
8
133
6
19
2
17
51
64
73 1
16 1
8,283 2024
402 23
23 ... .
1,418
169
104
23
165
6
10
519i 22
140; 5
12
3
181
13
11,918 2309
101
120
78
139
21
17
51
04
74
17
10,307
425
23
1,587
127
171
10
541
145
15
194
14,227
Province du Nouveau-Brunswick.
1
' 1
1
1
1
1
1
2
6
3
1
' 1
4
1
10
2
1
•
3
6
4
4
1
11
.' 3
18
1
'i
9
70
242
20
3
24
1
290
1
3
5
2
"i
3
1
10
70
243
24
4
34
3
291
1
3
5
2
""i
3
10
73
1
I
1
4
1
10
2
1
248
26
4
1
1
2
i
1
17
1
"i
34
4
5
5
1
294
1
1
i
1
3
4
50
1
32
6
120
3
19
2j 69
1
5
1,043
83
19
2
1,062
85
1,147
'2
8
1
553
222
"19
11
■ ■' 4
3
1
557
225
i9
11
1
9
1
— -
2
9
11
1
28
o
4
3
.! 3i
9
57(i
236
19j
6
46
2 166
2,479
127
46
2
2,525
129
2,654
264
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1 9 05.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table v — Summary convictions and cases subject to trial by jury.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS.
DISTRICTS JUDICI-
AIRES.
Summary
Convictions.
Condamnations
sommaires.
M.
F.
To-
tals.
To-
taux.
CASES SUBJECT TO TRIAL BY JURY BUT
TRIED SUMMARILY BY CONSENT,
CAUSES JUSTICIABLES D'UN .JURY MAIS
JUGEES SOMMAIREMENT DE
CONSENTEMENT.
By Police or other
Magistrate.
Par un Magistrat de
Police ou ?iutre.
Con-
victions
Con-
damna-
tions.
Ac-
quittals.
Ac-
quitte-
ments.
M. F. H. F
Totals.
Totaux.
Lender the Speedy Trials
Act.
En vertu de I'Acte des
proces expeditifs.
Con- I Ac- j
victions I quittals. i rp .oi-
Con-
damna-
tions.
M. If. I h.
Acg
quitte-
ments.
Totaux.
F. M.
F. I H. F.
Province
of ^
ova
Scotia .
^
Annapolis
30
28
1707
197
207
19
11
1034
28
3
87
(53
252
76
.3
79
14
11
1
■■i27
"12
12
4
30
31
1786
211
308
20
11
1161
28
3
87
75
264
80
3
37
2
10
"4
101
'3
"2
1
29
5
3
"5
1
4
66
7
13
1
2
"27
"ih
9
5
..._.
12
'2
1
27
9
7
1
Colchester . . . .
Cumberland
Digby
Guysborougb
Halifax
"i
4
196
1
42
3
1
6
6
16
6
■■■■---
1
66
5
1
9
6
18
12
11
95
16
9
24 10
2 1
19
1
King's
10
4
1
14
1
7
....
3 ....
7
1
1
2 .. .
6 ....
1
1
1
3
3 ....
6
5
128
""6
5
134
20
l(i
1
36
1
1
114
1
168
12
Totals of Nova Scotia.. |
Totaux de la N.-Ecosse /
3965
269
4234
194
17
154
23
348
40
54
12
24
544
5415
85
404
11
217
2
52
555
5632
87
456
32 . . .
457 17
7
55
"3
39
512
"26
8
18
8
25
Eastern Manitoba— Est
7.
1
1
Western Manitoba — Quest. . .
33 3
14
76
2
5
47
598
5
25
13
39
1
1
3
10
1
2
16
49
9
Totals of Manitoba \
Totaux de Manitoba . . /
6448
282
6730
522
20
3^
Cariboo, B.C.— C.-B
Victoria, B.C.— C.-B
Westminster, B.C.— C.-B.. . .
Yale, B.C. -C.-B
1216
385
316
452
87
13
62
314
1.303
398
378
766
185
67
156
85
1
1
2
6
110
8
29
2
i ^
1
10
295
75
185
87
642
1 10
1
3
6
20
37
13
19
6
75
. . . .
15
11
5
6
37
52...
i 24...
1 24...
1 12...
Totals of B. Cohmibia. 1
Totaux de la Col. -Brit./
2369
476
2845
493
10
149
112...
Alberta N N N W T
983
780
958
970
554
112
62
15
23
26
1095
842
973
993
580
103 1
41 ....
82 2
82 1
38|.. .
91
43
85
56
84
3
"3
1
2
194
84
167
138
122
4
'5
2
2
Alberta S.— Sud, N.W.T. . . .
Assiniboia E E N W T
52
1
23
3
75
4
AssiniboiaW.— 0.. N.W.T. .
Saskatchewan, N.W.T
38
15
13
"3
41
28
69
144
Totals of the Territories. .
Totaux des Territoires
2482
4245
64
238
2546
4483
202
346
3
4
225
359
I
427
705
9
13
53
105
"i
16
39
4
V k
347
30
5261
377
39
3
42
3
183
81
7590
6
526
UKon
1505
62
465
39
1970
Totals of Canada 1
Totaiix du Canada . . . . f
49566
54827
5312
343
2277
101
STATISTIQUE CRIMIN ELLE— 1 905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
265
Tableau v. — Condamnations sommaires et causes justiciables d'uu jury.
CASES
TRIED BY JURY.
, CAUSES
JUGEES PAR JURES.
TOTALS OF
INDICTABLE OFFENCES.
TOTAUX DES DELITS
•JUSTICIABLES DUN
JURY.
GRAND TOTALS
OF INDICTABLE OFFENCES
AND SUM- ■
MARY CONVICTIONS.
GRANDS TOTAUX
i DES DELITS JUSTICIA.BLES
; D'UN JURY ET DES CON-
DAMNATIONS SOMMAIRES.
Con- Ac-
victions. Iquittals. t rp^iois.
Con Ac-
damna- quitte-
tions. : ments.
Totaux.
Con-
victions.
Ac-
quittals.
Con- Ac-
damna- i quitte-
tions. ments.
Totals.
Totaux.
M. F
H.
F. M.
F. H. ! F.
M.
H.
Con-
victions.
Con-
damna-
tions.
Ac-
quittals, rj.^^^^^
Ac-
quitte-
ments.
M.
F. H.
F.
Totaux.
M.
Grand
Totals
of all
ofifen-
Grands
Totaux
de
toutes
les of-
fences.
Province de la
Nouvelle Ecosse.
s
3
.S
3
4
33 ....
9
7
1
'"7
1
1
33; ... .
32 3
33
. ,1 . - - -
3
65
19
16
5
8
148
3
li
6
24
6
■■3
"i
2
1
22
i
2
1
50
9
7
1
<
1
31
1772
216
313
24
19
1182
31
6
3
82
14
12
3
1
149
35
13
«
1
5
s
2.
9
4
2
1
1
22
12
3
6
3
16
1
"i
7
115
28
23
6
8
10
1
1
2
1
1822
225
320
25
19
1312
33
6
110
70
279
88
89
15
12
3
1
180
1
"12
13
6
1911
240
332
28
20
5
11
5
1301 31
2 1
278 1 53
5 1
3
T::
27 1
12 2
130
2
7
1
3
6
31
1
1492
34
'>.
2
7
6
103 ....
69 12
110
1 ....
82
1
1
2
3
6
276
82
13
6
292
04
3
3
6 ....
3
3
"17
"i
6
5
169
"7
6
5; . . . .
152! 6
0
3
1
3 29
1
6
4
73
24
9 352
32
17
1
41 1
176
44
237
41
589| 73
4317 301
237
41
4554
342
4896
4
19
4(....
13! ...
8
32
44
494
"17
11 ...
75 4
551
569! 21
588
5909
85
454
11
234
2
56
11
75
■17
'4
"3
599| 11
.5984' 238
801 2
471 59
610
6222
87
4
1
4
44
50
4
17 3
67 7
530
27
17....
588
21
103 7
691
28
7036
303
103
7
7139 310
7449
10
ll
6
3
11
5
— '
21
6
9
8
44
232| 1
8l! 1
181, 2
94 ^
1361 9
24!....
37| 1
13'....
368
105
218
107
10
1
3
6
20
1448
466
497
546
88
14
64
320
486
136
24
37
13
9
i
....
10
1584 97
490; 14
534i 65
559. 320
1681
504
599
879
20'..... 24
....' 588 10
210! 10
798
2957
210
3I67I 496
3663
15
6
28
10
12
13
6
14
5
24
43
1
28
12
42
15
17
74
114
.... 118 1
. . . . i 99 1
.... 110 2
.. . 1301 1
.... 651....
.... 1 305 3
.... 1 522 5
104
72
99
64
102
3
3
3
1
2
222
171
209
194
167
4
4
5
1
2
1101
879
1068
1100
619
113
63
17
24
26
104
72
99
61
102
3
3
3
1
2
1205
951
1167
1164
721
116
66
20
25
28
73
255
1321
1017
1187
1189
749
.50
71
265
441
6
12
570
963
9
17
2787
4767
67
243
265
441
6
12
3052
5208
3125
5463
39
3
42
3
81
6
386
33
42
3
428
36
464
392
»
295
16 687
25
7209
414
3037
238
10247
652
56775
5675
3037
238
598] 3
5913
65726
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 A. 1906
TABLE VI.
SHOWING THE NUMBER OF CONVICTIONS AND THE NUMBER OF
PERSONS TO EACH CONVICTION BY GROUPS OF
OFFENCES, FROM 1899 TO 1905, FOR
EACH PROVINCE AND
CANADA.
TABLEAU VI.
INDIQUANT LE NOMBRE DE CONDAMNATIONS ET LE NOMBRE
DE PERSONNES POUR CHAQUE CONDAMNATION PAR
GROUPES D'OFFENSES, DEPUIS 1896 A 1905,
POUR CHAQUE PROVINCE ET
LE CANADA.
268
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
INDICTABLE OFFENCES AND SUMMARY CONVICTIONS.
Table vr.— Showing the number of convictions and the number of persons to each conviction, from 1896
to 1905, for each province and Canada.
YEARS.
P. E. Island.
IleduP.-E.
Nova Scotia. New brunswich.
Nouv.-EcossE. Nouv.-Bruxswick.
Quebec.
ANNEES.
Number
of
convic-
tions.
Number
of
persons
to
each
conviction
Nombre
de
con-
damna-
tions.
Nombre
^^ Number
personnes c
P°"' convic-
^^^^"•^ tions.
con-
damnation'
Number
of
persons
to
each
conviction
Nombre
de
con-
danma-
tions.
Nombre
de
personnes
pour
chaque
con-
damnation
Murder ;
attempt
at ; manslaughter ;
shooting, s
tabbing and wounding.
1896 . ...
2
5
12
4
11
15
21
20
1
227,596 5
91,222 3
65,281
109,131
328.386
164,690
82,594
66,474
166,687
66,876
167,695
10
24
24
32
14
12
25
13
23
18
157,068
1897
66,118
1898
1899
1900
1
2
104,826
52,127
38.086
114,489
65,554
41,80"
30,716
21,984
23,129
66, 2-! 9
1
2
4
5
2
5
2
66,799
50,614
116,871
1901
137,761
1902
1903
1904
2
2
51,276
50,993
66,805
129,793
74,116
1905
95,677
Rape and other offences against females.
1896
1
105,979
4
113,798
4
81,601
40
39,267
1897
2
52,700
7
65,159
3
109,131
77
20,608
1898
3
34,942
4
114,258
4
82,096
37
43,328
1899
2
52,127
4
114,489
3
109,793
38
42,622
1900
2
51,842
65,594
65,689
2
165,188
39
49
41,956
1901
33,737
1902
15
23
30,716
20,072
3
4
110,790
83,344
48
44
34,794
1903
38.348
1904
11
42,054
3
111,460
32
53,271
1905
1
101,104
16
28,971
4
83,848
41
42,004
Aggravated assault ; assault on peace officer and assault and battery.
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
43
44
36
43
20 i
35
27
41
24
20
2,465
313
2,396
222
2,912
228
2,424
214
5,184
289
2,946
307
3,799
381
2,488
372
4.226
393
5,055
366
1,454
255
2,055
203
2,005
211
2,140
177
1,589
203
1,498
215
1,209
194
1,241
189
1,177
150
1,267
143
1,280|
1,612!
1,556
:,861
1,627:
1,541
1,713
1.764
2,229
2 345
» 866
885
839,
838'
861
930
922
1,146
1,155
1,065
1,814
1,793
1,911
1,933
1.900
1,777
1,811
1,472
1,476
1,617
Other offences against the person.
1896..
9
52,989
52
8,754
26
12,554
52
30,205
1897
7
15.057
56
8,145
20
1(;,369
72
22,040
1898 .
7
14,975
50
9,140
30
10,946
81
19,792
1899.
4
26,063
41
11,170
31
10,625
66
24,540
1900
39
48
57
73
11,766
9,579
8,083
6.324
25
S
7
13,211
15.780
13 '294
47,625
79
111
101
171
20,713
1901 . . .
14,893
1902
3
6
34,184
16,998
16,536
1903
9,867
1904
5
20,284
69
6,704
30
11,146
148
11,518
1905
1
101,104
61
7,599
16
20,962
104
16,559
S T A T I S T I Q U E C R 1 31 T N E L L E — 1 9 0 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
269
DELITS JUSTICIABLES D'UN JURY ET CONDAMNATIONS SOMMAIRES.
Tableau vi. — Indiquant le nombre de condamnations et le nombre de personnes pour chaque condamna-
tioD, depuis? 1896 a 1905, pour chaque province et le Canada.
OXTAKIO.
British Columbia.
Manitoba. —
Col. -Britannique .
The Territories,
Yukon,
Les Territoires.
Canada.
YEARS
Number
of
convic-
tions.
Number
of
persons
to
each
conviction
Nom-
bre
de
eon-
dam-
na-
tions.
Nombre
tr^ Number
cCie r-
condam- *'°"^-
nation.
Number
of
persons
to
each
conviction
Nombre
de
con-
damna-
tions.
Nombre
de
personnes
pour
chaque
con-
damnation
Num-
ber
of
con-
vic-
•tions.
Number
of
persons
to each
con-
viction.
ANNEES
Meurtre ; tentative de meurtre ;
homicide
non premedite ;
usage d'armes avec intention crin.inelle.
71
30,273
31,260
6
1
32.695
207,308
5
3
26,895
47,591
99
110
51,374
46,741
1896
69
5
22,982
1897
54
40,071
1
219,079
12
12.632
8
15,665
113
46,011
.... 1898
58
37,427
6
38,586
11
14,449
3
45,555
118
■ 44,571
1899
82
26,565
«
40,778
9
18,918
10
14,904
132
41,078
... 1900
80
27,308
o
86.189
13
13,955
9
18,060
128
42,093
1901
47
46,632
4
68,378
15
12,840
4
44,314
117
46,640
... 1902
73
30,119
2
144,551
11
18,590
9
21,478
133
41,.570
1903
69
31,967
8
38,215
21
10,324
5
42,162
151
37,115
1904
66
33,527
22
15,000
12
20,833
10
36,000
137
42,153
1905
Viol et autres outrages contre la femme.
28,668
5
38,517
10
34,347
4
33.397
1
34,5';7
(
37,666
5
34,245
4
22,903
11
33,420
15
24,586
11
39,234
3
20,730
3
54,769
3
231,519
7
34.952
7
51,713
8
68,378
5
26.282
10
20,381
8
33,000
'''j
44,826!
47,591
50,527
22,991
24,324
22,676
38,521
20.449.
27,138'
14,706
4'
5
5
10
7
5
10
13
19
13
26,342
136
22,982
163
25.063
123
13,666
130
21,291
134
32,507
1.S2
17,725
149
14,870
201
11,100
154
27,692
193
37,398 .. . 1896
31.543 1897
42,254 1898
40,4.57 1899
39,719 1900
40,818 1901
36,624 . .. 1902
27,506 1903
36,392 1904
29,922 . .. .1905
367
333
325
297
310
311
319
299
531
334
Voies de fait graves ; sur un officier de la paix et agression avec voies de fait.
1,954
1,100
70
2,802
136
988
137
770
3,774
1,347
1896
1,949
1,108
61
3,398
149
958
107
1,078
3,620
1,420
1897
2,072
1,044
52
4,213
186
815
184
681
3,808
1,365
.,..1898
1,855
1,170
70
3,307
169
952
119
1,165
3.485
1.509
. .. 1899
1,996
1,091
95
2,575
182
935
181
830
3,827
1,391
1900
1,962
1,113
98
2,638
147
1,234
197
840,
3,891
1,385
1901
1,860
1,178
106
2,580
208
926
232
764
3,930
1,389
1902
2,003
1,097
139
2,080
173
1,182
457
423
4,520,
1,223
1903
2,107
1,047
249
1,228
163
1,332
490
425
4,737
1,183
1904
2,053
1,078
312
1.0.57
1
1.55
1,013
612
588!
1
4,726!
1,122
1905
Autres outrages contre la personne.
5,858
7
6,477
9
6,658
10
7,309
17!
7,025
15
7,024
18
6.870
27
7,360
29
4,156
33
6,625
48|
1
27,881
16
23,034
16
21,907
32
13,619
21
16,311
21
14,364
18
10,167
23
9,969
25
9,262
12
6,875
19
8.405
13
8,923
12
4,737
15
7,664
16
8,108
16
10,080
20,
8,374
22
8,180
22
18,092
49
13,158
38
8,105
9,576
535
525
8,355
550
8,541
493
9,315
505
8,276
547
8,057
577
8,786
632
4,302
877
9,474
621
9,506l
9,7931
9,4o3
10,6(>8
10,539
9,850j
9,457
8,748
6,390!
9.299J
1896
.1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
.1902
1903
1904
.1905
270
CRIMINAL S T A T I S T I C S — 1 9 0 5 .
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
-Showing the number of convictions and the number of persons to each conviction, from 1896
to 1905.
Table vi.
YEARS.
P. E. Island. Nova Scotia. | New Brunswick.
Ile du P.-E. Nouv . -Ecosse. !Nouv. -Brunswick.
Quebec.
ANNIES.
Number
of
convic-
tions.
N"^f ^'^ Nombre
P^l^^""^ con-
each <^,^™"*-
conviction *^°"^-
Nombre
personnes 1 Number
damnation i
Number
of
persons
to
each
conviction
Nombre
de
con-
damna-
tions.
Nombre
de
personnes
pour
chaque
con-
damnation
Robbery with violence ; burglary ; house, shop, warehouse and freight car robbery.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900
1901.
1902.
1903
1904.
1905.
17,663
26,350
20,965
34,561
103,118
17,092
50,552
28,449
•3
41,464
1
32,645
4
50.884
8
18,355
1
12,427
7
12,452
2
7,S25
6
11,.565
11
20,1.53
9
108,802
94
327,394
111
82,096
169
41,172
157
330,376
164
47,339
148
166,185
159
55, .562
159
30,398
147
37,266
225
16,709
14,296
9,486
10,316
9,977
11,170
10,504
10,612
11,596
7,654
Arson ; malicious injury to horse.**, cattle, and other damage to property.
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
8,332
44
8,108
38
11,647
32
20,851
41
9,426
50
03,118
53
25,638
71
20,397
81'
14,569
821
25,276
79
10,345
34
12,003
25
14,282
27
11,170
29
9,177
32
8,676
30
6,489
39
.■),6'.I9
24
5,641
22
5,867
13
9,603
196
13.095
202
12,162
231
11,359
196
10,324
186
11,046
189
8,522
188
13,891
262i
15,199
239
2.5,799
231 ;
8,014
7,855
6,940
8,262
8,797
8,747
8,883
6,440
7,132
7,445
Larceny ; larceny from dwelling house, from the person, of letters and of horses and cattle.
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
7,065
125
3,513
121
6,166
125
17,376
138
6,099
149
10,311
152
7,325
182
10,198
158
25,496
165
9,191
186
3,641
65
3,753
55
3,656
59
3,318
74
3,080
84
3,025
65
2,.531
84
2,922
72
2,803
60
4,492
69
5,022
882
5,953
1,008
5,566
980
4,451
1,087
3,933
924
5,099
916
3,957
778
5,630
944
5,573
985
4,861
1,053
1,781
1,574
1,636
1,490
1,771
1,805
2,147
1,787
1,731
1,635
Other offences against property.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901 .
1902
1903.
1904.
1905.
104,254
102,552
ibi.ioi
75,865
1
4.56,112
65,290
(i
3
65,422
65,5.54
76,634
65,819
2
3
4
46,166
1
20,113
,38,628
3
1
326,405
47
54,566
91
109,462
63
164,690
73
110,125
45
82,842
46
44
333,375
8()
111,460
73
335,391
95
33,418
17,438
25.447
22,187
36,362
35,938
37,957
19,620
23,351
18,022
STATIST IQUE CRI^IINEI.LE— 190 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
271
Tableau vi. — Indiquant le nombre de condamnations et le nombre de personner pour chaque condamna-
tion depuis 18«)6 a 1U05.
Ontario.
Manitoba.
British Columbia.
Col. -Britannique .
The Territoires,
Yukon,
Les Territoires.
Canada.
YEARS.
Num-
,ber
of
con-
vic-
tions.
Number
of
persons
to each
con-
victions.
Nom-
bre de
con-
damna-
tions.
Nombre
de
personnes
pour
chaque
condam-
nation.
Number
of
convic-
tions.
Number
of
persons
to
each
conviction
Nombre
de
con-
damna-
tions.
Nombre
de
personnes
pour
chaque
con-
damnation
Number
of
convic-
tions.
Number
of
persons
to
each
conviction
ANNEES.
Vol avec violence et effraction ; bris de maison, magasin, entrepdts et wagons.
266
8,083
7
28,024
12
11,206
4
26,342
408
12,467
1896
274
7,872
27
7,678
41
3,482
6
19,152
475
10,824
1897
280
7.728
25
8,763
37
4,097
6
20,886
540
9,626
1898
210
10,337
26
8,904
25
6,437
9
1.3,185
444
11,846
1899
178
12,234
16
1.5,292
17
10,015
9
16,560
413
12,911
1900
202
10,815
16
16,160
23
7,888
17
9,561
451
11,947
1901
157
13,960
18
15,195
22
8,754
12
14,755
413
13,213
1902
2i(;
10,180
53
5,455
35
5,842
17
11,371
545
10.145
. . . 1903
286
7,712
22
13,896
28
7.754
18
11,712
.552
10,1.53
1904
307
7,207
.54
6,111
23
10,434
13
37,692
656
8,803
1905
Incendie criminel ; dommages malicieux aux chevaux, bestiaux et autres dommages a la propriete.
298
341
348
371 1
3791
317i
446
410
431
333
7,215
1
12
6,.325
31
6,218
8:
.5,851
18!
5,746
19
6,891
21
4,914
32
5,362
33
5,118
59
6,645
75
l(i,348
1
12
6,687
29
27,325
35
12,862
35
12.877
39
12,312
60
8,547
31
8,761
27
5,182
.32
4,400
50
11,206
23
4,927
17
4,332
29
4,598
30
4,366
26
.3,023
49
6,213
36
7,573
109
6,785
98
5,000
117
4,581
631
6,760
696
4,321
719
4,555
725
5,732
742
3,317
720
4.918
847;
1,773
!).5ll
2,151
9701
3,078
902
1
1
8,060
7,387
7,231
7,2.55
7,174
7,483
6,442
5,813
5,778
6,402
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
Larcin ; vol dans des maisons habitees, sur la personne, vol de lettres, chevaux et bestiaux.
1,813
1,819
1,889
1,722
1,779
1,821
1,804
1,760
1,777,
2,003!
1,186
113
1,186
154
1,145
139
1,261
168
1,224
194
1,199
141
1,215
140
1,249
236
1,241
325
1,104
387
1
736
142
34<>
98
576
217
37.S
183
261
197
834
222
953
203
225
218
941
204
852
187
1
947
981
1,457
122|
699
172|
879
158
8()4
178
817
144
948
232
938
261
1,064
445
1,336
541
,074
3,253
942
3,407
728
3,o98|
865
3,536
837
3,522
,129
3,471
764
3,437
740
3,648
473
3,965|
665
4,437j
1,.532
1..509
1,445
1,487
1,511
1,552
1,584
1,515
1,413
1,301
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
Autres delits contra la propriete.
1.34
163
149
126
180
123
132
146
163
143
16,045
6
13,233
18
14,522
12
17,228
12
12,098
21
17,761
7
16,603
31
15,060
20
13,532
20
15,474
23
32,695
15
11,517
.38
18,256
35
19,293
33
11,651
30
36,938
47
8,823
23
14,4.55
55
15,286
32
14,348
25
8,965
11
3,757
11
4,331
8
4,877
26
5,675
21
3,860
17
8,374
19
3,718
28
6,785
46'
0,000
65!
1
9,580
220
0,446
328
5,665
277
5.266
280
7,099
.307
9..561
2.50
9,329
257
6,904
3.57
4,584
5,.5.38
360
365
1
23,119
15,675
18,769
18,784
17, .337
21,5.52
21,233
15,487
1.5, .570
15,821
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table vi. — Showing the number of convictions and the number of persons to each conviction, from 1896
to 1905.
YEARS.
P. E. Island.
Ile du P.-E.
Nova Scotia. New Bkinswick.
Nouv.-EcossE. Nouv. -Brunswick.
Quebec.
ANNEES.
Number
of
convic-
tions.
Number
of
persons
to
each
conviction
Nombre
de
con-
damna-
tions.
Nombre
personnes ^""/^^^'
ilTL convic-
chaque ^-^^^^^
con-
damnation
Number
of
persons
to
each
conviction
Nombre
de
con-
damna-
tions.
Nombre
de
personnel
pour
chaque
con-
damnation
Breaches of various municipal acts and other laws.
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
88
149
78;
41 1
32
44
53
79
90
122;
1,204
565
707
497
1,344
482
2,543
382
3,240
399
2,344
472
1,952
596
1.291
807
1,133
644
828
828
805
514
837
443
948
492
1,199
465
1,150
442
974
471
773
430
572
438
719
511
559
419
635
1,369
739
1,459
667
1,312
708
1,895
748
1,710
704
1,778
773
1,943
761
1,715
654
1,943
80o
2,605;
Drunkenness and other offences against vagrancy Act.
1,147
1,088
1,222
855
9.56
930
859
925
877
661
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
138
311
303
347
342
247
249
295
315
204
746
2,181
3X9
1,707
346
1,720
300
1,405
303
1,598
418
1,870
412
2,494
346
3,280
324
2,783
495
3,018
208
1,386
267
1,511
265
1,518
326
1,469
287
1,512
246
1,475
186
1,588
141
1,678
166
1,944,
153
1,927
236
7,155
217
6,610
216
6,261
224
5,839
218
5,840
225
5,150
209
5.099
199
5,343
172
6,618
174
8,281
219
240
256
277
280
321
327
316
259
208
Other felonies and misdemeanours
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
105,401
104,826
104,254
51,842
102,552
25,496
50,552
35,013
4
41,464
4
76.172
5
32,711
1
18,355
3
32,843
4
20,942
8
20,985
12
20,113
(
21.069
3
81,601
26,
81,848
69
65,677
29i
329,380
54 1
110,125
55
82,842
55
41,546
39
27,781
61
47,769
37
111,797
60
60,411
22,998
55,316
29,993
29,751
30,057
42,824
23,765
46,072
28,703
Total convictions.
1896..
1897..
1898..
1899. .
1900..
1901..
1902..
1903..
1904..
1905..
305
561
460
452
429
338
360
438
449
368
347
3,321
188
2,676
228
2,680
231
2,259
242
2,595
314
2,977
285
3,877
233
4,906
227
4,253:
2Vo
4,618
137
2,297
170
2,274
170
2,354
203
2,261
177
2,311
1.55
2,292
119
2,378
94
2,433
109
2,746
100
2,606
142
10,737
144
10,608
139
10,026
146
10,275
143
9,917^
144
9,384!
140
9,346
137
9,944
122
11,400
128
13,778
146
149
159
157
165
176
179
169
150
122
S T A T I S T I Q U E C R I M I X E L L E— 1 9 0 5.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
273
Tablkau VI. — Indiquant le nombre de condamnations et le nonibre de personnes pour chaque condamna-
tion, depuis 1896 a 1905.
Ontario.
Number
of
con vie
tions.
Number
of
persons
to
each
conviction
IManitoba.
I British Colcmbia.
I Col.-Britannique.
Xom-
bre
de
eon-
dam-
na-
tions.
Nombre
de per-
sonnes
pour
chaque
condam-
nation .
Number
of
convic-
tions.
Number
of
persons
to
each
conviction
The Territories,
Yukon,
Les Territoires.
Canada.
Nombre
Nombre de
de personnes ^ ~y
con- pour '
damna- j chaque
tions. con-
damnation
Num- Number
ber , of
persons
con- to each
vie- con-
tions. viction.
YEARS.
ANNEES.
Diverges contraventions aux lois municipales et autres lois.
5,425
396
305
643
228
589
334
315
8,828
577
1896
5,418
398
302
686
451
316
666
172
9,389
548
1897
5,056
428
289
758
520
291
552
227
8,795
591
1898
5,274
411
253
915
596
270
1,242
110
10,151
518
1899
5,729
397
326
750
732
232
1,821
82
11,214
474
1900
■ 5.851
373
813
317
931
195
972
1(37
11,394
473
1901
6, .526
351
628
435
979
197
673
263
11,847
460
1902
7,221
304
696
415
924
321
1,158
167
13,054
424
1903
7,132
309
1,418
215
607
357
1,238
170
13,607
412
1904
7,793
284
1,999
165
868
288
1,5.52
232
16,186
356
1905
Ivresse et autres delits centre le vagabondage.
6,357
6,442
6,453
6,674
7,597
8,173
8,035
9,645
10,124
11,569
338
791
335
853
335
775
325
911
287
982
267
1,086
272
1,269
228
1,816
217
3.183
191
4,348
248
!
777
243
954!
282
1,353
254
1,273
250
1,743
238
1,6861
216
1,971
159
2,098,
96
2,114
76
2,059:
173
404
149
616
112
1.066
126
1.191
98
l,003i
108
1,277;
98
1,0.51!
97
1,905
102
2,184
121
2,410
1
261
187
117
115
148
127
169
101
97
149
19,179
19,001
19.444
19.109
20,603
20,909
21,755
26,048
29,244
33,816
265
271
267
275
258
258
251
212
192
178
..1896
...1897
...1898
...1899
..1900
..1901
..1902
...1903
...1904
..1905
Divers autres delits.
132
142
122
1.31
126
139
72
127
131
179
16,288
7
15,190
12
17,736
13
16.571
1
17,283
11
15,718
12
30,440
13
17,312
28
16,838
47
12,362
59
28,024
1
16
17,276
17
16,8.52
43
33,074
9
22,242
17
21,547
16
21,040
27
10.325
16
6,505
27,
2,592
"1
8,405
7
8,399
10
3,525
2h
17,882
24
10,015
24
11,334
22
7.134
43
12,780
■ 52
8,041
56
8,929
58
15,0.53
215
11,491
265
4,475
239
5,694
238
6,210
254
7,206
255
4.122
207
3,717
314
3,765
329
6.207
411
23,656
19.402
21,754
22,099
21,348
21,129
26,362
17,608
17,034
14,051
.1896
..1897
..1898
..1899
..1900
..1901
..1902
..1903
..1904
..1905
Total des condamnations.
16.892
17.006
16,811
16,783
18,419
19,037
19,462
21,996
22,817
24,870
127
1
1,329
127
1,478
128
1,328
129
1,489
118
1,692
115
2,220
113
2,272
100
3,063
97
5,379
89
7,338
147
1,362
140
1,799
165
2,473
155
2,362
144
2,994
117
3,171
120
3,507
94
3,592
57
3,248
45
3,443
98
1
1,035
79
l,o77|
61
2,074,
68
2,828,
57
3,296
57
2,729
55
2,334
57
4,031
67
4,654!
73
5,429
1
102 37,278
136
73 37,979
135
60 38,206
146,
49 38.709
135
45 41.653
1281
59 42,148
128 1
75 43.536
125
48 50,403
110
45 54,946
102
66 62,450
92
..1896
.1897
..1898
..1899
..1900
..1901
..1902
..1903
-.1904
..1905
-18
5-6 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17 A. 1906
TABLE YIL
PARDo:^s atnd commutation's.
TABLEAU VII.
PARDONS ET COMMUTATIONS.
17— 18i
276
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table VII. — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during
the year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to
the following prisons.
{Province of Ontario.)
Provincial Penitentiary — Kingston.
CRIME.
Sen-
tence.
Date of
Sentence j Pardon
or or
Commit- Commuta-
tal. tion.
Conditions
upon which Pardon
or Commutation
was granted.
Age
and
Sex
MF
what Court
tried.
Arson .
Assault and wounding
with intent.
Assault with intent
Attempt at rape and es-
cape from jail.
Attempt to have carnal
knowledge of g^rl under
14 5'ears and assavilt.
Burglary
Life.
b yrs,
4 „
4 „
4 M
3 M
II and theft..
1, shooting
highway robbery.
and
Cattle stealing
Causing an explosion and
endangering life.
Defiling cliild under 14
years.
Forgery
Forging Dominion notes
Grievous bodily harm on
children and assault.
Having explosive in his
possession.
Horse stealing
Housebreaking
^-..iB=. " & larceny,
Incest
Manslaughter
Perjury
Rape
3 „
4 >t
6Life.
10 yrs.
Dec. 31,
■Jan. 15,
Nov. 25,
Sept. 9,
Oct. 29,
May 6, '03
Sept. 30, '01
Nov. 12, '01
Feb. 2S,'n3
Dec. 22, '02
,. 29, '02
Jan. 27, '04
Oct. 23, '01
Dec. 22, "04
Sept.27,05
June20,'05
Sept 27, '05
July"l4,'05
June20,'05
Dec. 22, "04 1*
,. 22,'04'*
Feb. 22,'05[ .
Junell,'05! .
Nov. 1404 '■
Feb. 22, "05
M 14, '05
Apr. 14, '02 May 24, '05
Mar. 19, '04
Nov. 18, '02
Dec. 22, '04
July 14, '05
Apr. 17, '96 'Apr. 28, '05
Oct. 19,'98 Sept.27,'05
3 M
2i..
10 „
5 M
d9 „
7 ..
7 ..
3 .,
3 ..
3 ..
3 ..
3 ,.
15 yrs.
( redu-
ced tol
10 yrs) I
Jan. 13,
June 1,
Nov. 10,
Jan. 16.
Nov. 1
Sept 10,
May"29
Dec. 30.
Oct. 5,
July 2,
Apr.ir.,
Nov. 23
Junel6,
Nov. 26,
Sept. 8,
'00 Apr. 12,
'01 July 31,
'03 Sept.27,
'05 Feb. 1,
'97 July 31,
02 Jan. 18,
00 Mai . 4,
'00 July 19,
^01 :May 20,
'03 Feb. 8,
'03 Sept.27,
'04 Jan. 9,
'04 July 31,
'04 Mar. 15,
'98 .. 10,
'05*
'Oo|*
'05 r
'05'*
'05 !*
'05i*
'05-'
"05*
'05 .
'05i*
'05 e*
'05*
05 .
'05*
44
County, Sarnia.
M Brock ville.
King's Bench, Winnipeg.
Police, Toronto.
Assize, Parry Sound.
I Police II
. . County, Sarnia.
. . Police, Sudbury.
. .1 King's Bench, Montreal.
.. tPolice, Chatham.
. . ! ■■ Owen Sound.
. .'Count}', Berlin.
. ' II London.
.Assize, Cornwall.
. County, St. Catherines.
M Toronto.
.:Po'ice M
59 Assize, Ottawa.
II Guelph.
49 . .1 II Toronto.
27 . . Countj-, Stratford.
36 . . Police; Delhi.
19 . . II Toronto.
51 . II Kingston.
30i . . 11 Peterborough.
47! . . Sessions, Gore Bay.
51 ■ ■ County, Guelph.
58 . . ! Sessions, Toronto.
29 . . Police, London.
78 . . I Assize, Perth.
20' King's Bench, ^Montreal.
65 . . Sessions, Cavuga.
..;35Sup., Macleod, N.W.T.
30|. Assize, Stratford.
a Sentence reduced to 5 years prior to his liberty on T. of L., prisoner not to reside in any part of the
counties of Stormont, Dunda"s and Glengary, during continuance of his license, b. Life sentence reduced
to 15 years prior to his jiardon. r. Prisoner to reside on his father's farm and to keep out rf the cities of
Canada, d. And 50 lashes, e. Upon condition that prisoner be received at a convent in Montreal to be
detained therein for the remainder of her sentence, her T. of L. standing for cancellation in case of diso-
bedience of orders or breach of discipline.
* Released on ticket of leave.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELLE — 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
277
Tableau YII. — Cas ou le droit de grace a etc exerce durant Tannee finissant le 30
septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes.
(Province cVOntario.
Penitencier provincial — Kingston .
CRIME.
Sen-
tence.
Date de
Sentence
ou
Pardon
ou
empnson- 1 commuta-
nement. ! tion.
Conditions sur I et
lesquelles le pardon sexe
ou commutation a I
ete^ accoi'de. i
HF
Par
quelle cour mis en
jugement.
Incendie criminel. . .
Voies fait et blessures
avec intention.
Voies avec intention ....
Viol, tentative de, et
tentative d"evasion.
Tentative de comu'.erce
charnel avec une fills
audessous de 14 ans, et
voies de fait.
Effraction de nuit. ...
A vie. |31 dec
15 Jan.
25 nov.
o ans
4 ..
'88 22 dec. '041 .
'03 27 sept. '05*
'03 20juin "05*
11 II et vol.
11 11 usage
d'armes et vol de
grands chemins.
Vol de bestiaux
Causant une explosion et
mett. la vie en danger.
Souiller un enfant au-
dessous 14 ans.
Faux
Forgeant des billets de
b. du Dom.
Voies de fait graves et
lesions corporelles sur
des enfants.
Ayant des matieres ex-
plosives en sa posses-
sion.
Vol de chevaux
Bris de maison
II et larcin . .
Inceste '. . . .
Homicide non premedite.
Parjure
Viol . .'.'.'.V.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'."
4 I.
4 .1
3 ,1
7 ..
5 II
4 I.
3 11
6 I.
9 sept.
29 Oct.
6mai '03 20
'05!.
30 sept.
'12 nov.
28 fev.
-22 dec.
,29 1.
'03 22 dee. '05
'0122 11 '04*
'03 22 fev. 05 . .
'02 11 juin '05i
'02 14 nov. '04 *
3 1. 27 Jan.
al I. 23 oct.
6 II 14 avril '02
3 II 19 mars
4 .. 18 nov.
'04
22 fev. '05
14 I, '05
24 mai '05
22 dec. '04
'0214juil. '05
b a vie 17 avril '9f>!28 avril '05
10 ans
3 I,
;i „
10 1,
5 11
d9 11
7 11
7 .1
3 II
3 1,
3 ,1
3 II
3 „
15 ans
(redni-
tea 10
ans).
13 Jan.
1 juin
10 nov.
16 Jan.
4 nov.
10 sept.
29 mai
30 dec.
5 Oct.
2 juil.
16 avril
23 nov.
16 juin
26 nov.
8 sept.
0012
01 '31
'03127
05, 1
97 31
02il8
OOi 4
03 27
'04 9
04 31
04 15
0510
avril
juil.
sept.
fev.
juil.
Jan.
mars
juil.
mai
fev,
sept.
Jan.
juil.
mars
.;65
.137
.140
'02127 fcept. '051* 28
'03!l4 juil. '05* '30
28
Comte, Sarnia.
I II Brockville.
Banc du Roi, Winnipeg.
Police, Toronto.
Assises, Parry Sound.
Police 11
jComte, Sarnia.
321 . . Police, Sudbury.
Banc du Roi, Montreal.
. . 1 Police, Chatham.
Owen Sound.
. Comte, Berlin.
II London.
. . Assises, Cornwall.
1
Comte, Ste Catherines.
II Toronto.
19 oct. '98 27 sept. '05 c* 44
59
Police 11
Assises, Ottawa.
20
(;5
Guelph.
II Toronto.
Comte, Stratford.
Police, Delhi.
II Toronto.
11 Kingston.
II Peterborough.
Sessions, Gore Baj'.
Comte, Guelph.
Sessions, Toronto.
Police, London.
Assises, Perth.
Banc du Roi, MontreaL
Sessions, Cavuga.
35'Sup., Macleod, T.X.-O.
30) . . Assises, Stratford.
a Sentence reduite a cinq ans avant d'etre libere sur parole, le prisonnier ne devant pas habiter dans
les comtes de Stormont, Dundas et Glengarj' durant la continuation de sa license, h Sentence a vie reduite
a 15 ans avant son pardon, c Le pri.onnier devant habiter sur la ferme de son jjere et eviter les villes du
Canada, d Et 5<l coups de fouets. c A condition que la prisonniere soit re9ue dans un convent a Mont-
real jx)ur y etre detenue pour le temps de sa sentence, sa liberte sur parole devant etre cancellee en ca» de
desobeissance aux ordres et d'infraction a la discipline.
* Libere fcur parole.
278
CRIMINAL S T A T I S T I C S — 1 9 0 5 .
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table Vll.^Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during
the year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to
the following prisons.
(Province of Ontario. )
Provincial Penitentiary — Kingston — Concluded.
CRIME.
Sen-
tence.
Date of
Sentence Pardon
Commit-
tal.
Commuta-
tion.
Aere
Conditions and
upon which Pardon Sex.
or Commutation
was granted.
M
By
what Court
tried.
Rec'iving stolen property
Setting fire to building. .
Shopbreaking and theft .
Stealing . .
II from the person
M liorse and buggy
Stealing post letter
Theft
Wounding.
3yrs.
3 .1
3 M
3 „
3 ..
3 M
3 „
3 yrs .
5 „ .
3 I, .
3 n .
2 -&
3 m.
2 yrs .
25 m .
25 M .
7 yrs .
Apr. 7,
July 20,
Jan. 26,
Nov. 10,
Mar. 24,
., 24,
Dec. 11,
Nov. 20,
Apr. 29,
Feb. 3,
Nov. 12,
June 16,
'04 July 31, '05
'03 Jan. 16, '05
'04 Mar. 10, "05
'03 May 20, '05
'04 Apr. 12, '05
'04 May 20, '05
'02 Dec. 22, '04
03 Feb. 3, '05
'02 June 9,"05
03 Mar. 10, '05
03 „ 10, '95
'03lNov.22,'04
Aug.24,'03Dec.22,'04
Mar.24,'04Feb. 2,05
Dec.21,'04 Apr.l4,'05
June22,'03[Jan. 16, '05
I Police, Toronto.
jCounty, Brantford.
i .1 Hamilton.
Police, Delta.
Stip. M. Sault St. Marie.
County, Napanee.
iPolice, Toronto.
11 Pembroke.
11 London.
11 Sudbury.
11 Hamilton.
County, Hamilton.
District, North Bay.
Police, Fort William.
Assize. Port Arthur.
(Province of Ontario. )
Mercer Reformatory — Toronto, etc.
Good Shep'rds, Ottawa —
Vagrancy
Mercer Rejormatory —
Vagrancy
6 ,1 ..
Aug.24,'05Sept.22,'03a .
May 29,'05| July ]9,'05 *6.
33 Police, Ottawa.
jizl .1 Tilsonburg.
C Province of Ontario.)
Industrial School — Mimico.
Burglary and theft 12 yrs. . Sept. 24, '04 May 18, '05
151 . . County, Cayuga.
(Province of Ontario. )
Central Prison— Toronto.
Accepting bribe lyr. & I Mar. 19, '04
364 d. i
Assault and battery !6 m . . Nov. 20, '04
Indecent
and occasioning
bodily harm,
on police officer.
lyr.,
14 m. .
18 1. ,
16
16
Attempt to utter forgedjlS
cheque.
Aug. 15, '04
Sept.29,'04
Apr. 24, '04
Feb. 16, '05
Mar. 10, '05
Oct. 16,"04
Mar. 30, "05
Apr. 24, '05
Sept.29,'04, .1 24, '05
11 29, '04! Mar. 30, '05
Nov. 23, '04 July 6. '05
Bigamy
Breaking and stealing
Drunk and disorderly. •
1 vr.. . iFeb. 3, 05 June22, '05
l"i. ..|June 8, '04 Apr. 11, '05
18 m..! 1. 4,04 Mar. 28, 05
3 11 .July 4,'05Sept.22,'05
'lO
42
19
35
27
27
29
28
31
17
29
'23
1
Sessions, Toronto.
Police, Chatham.
Assize, Ottawa.
County
Police, Toronto.
Chatham.
Toronto.
Barrie.
a. Released upon condition that she joins, immediately, her husband in Moosejaw.
*b Granted upon condition that she be sent to the House of Refuge of the Co. of Oxford until she is
removed to some charitable institution.
c. Prisoner to be released when he shall have served one year's imprisonment.
* Released on ticket of leave.
STATISTIQUE CR IMIN ELLE — 1 9 05.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
279
Tableau VII. — Cas ou le droit de grace a ete exerce durant I'annee finissant le 30
septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes.
(Province d' Ontario. )
Penitencier Provincial — Kingston — Fin.
Date de
CRIME.
Sen-
tence.
Sentence Sentence
ou ou
em prison- comrauta-
nement. tion.
Conditions sur
lesquelles le pardon
ou commutation a
ete accoide.
Age
et
sexe.
K F
Par
quelle cour mis en
jugement.
Hecel d'objets voles ' 3 ans 7 a\T-il '04'31 juil. '05 * Isi]
Incendie criminel 3
Bris de magasin et vol . . 3
Vol
Vol sui- la iiersonne. .
.. de cheval et voiture
Vol de lettres
Vol
20 juil. '03 16 Jan. '05,
26 Jan. '04 10 mars'05|
lOnov. '03 20mai '05*
'24 mars'o4 12 avril'OS *
,24 M '04 20mai '05*
111 dec. '02 22 dec. '04*
II 25mos
.• 25 ,. .
Ble^^sures 7 ans .
28!.
27i.
23].
29|.
25 .
3 ans. 20 nov. '03 3 fev. '05 . . . 19 .
5 11 .|29avrir02 9 juin '05 37|.
3 ., .! 3fev. '03 10 mars '05* .^1 .
3 .1 . 12 nov. '03 10 .i "05; 21.
2\ ,1 . 16 juin '03 22 nov. '04 1* ,301 .
24 aoat "03 22 dec. '04 * ^38 .
24 mars "04 2 fev. '05[* 25'.
21 dec. '04 14 avril '05* 27 .
22 juin '03 16 janv.'OS! 18 .
'Police, Toronto.
Comte, Brantford.
n Hamilton.
Police, Delta.
M. Stip., SaultSte. Marie.
Corate, Napanee.
Police, Toronto.
[ II Pembroke.
I II London.
II Sudbury.
1. Hamilton.
Comte M
District, North-Bay.
Police, Fort-William.
Assises, Port-Arthur.
(Provinne cVOntario.)
Maison de reforme Mercer — Toronto, etc.
Bon Pasteur, Ottawa-
Vagabondage
Maison de Ref. Mercei — i
Vagabondage I6 h .|29mai '05jl9 juil. '05 */>
6 mos 24 aout '05 22 sept. '05 a
Police, Ottawa.
II Tilsonburc
(Province d'Ontario.) Ecole industrielle — Mimico.
Effraction de nuit et vol.
2 ans . 24 sept. '04 18 mai '05,
;
.... 15 . .
Comte, Cayuga.
(Province d'Ontario.) Prison centrale— Toronto.
Acceptant la corruption, lan.et 19 mars '04 16 fev. '05 c
. I 364J.1 I I
Agress. avec voies de fait 6 mos 20 nov. '04ll0 mars '05 *
Attentat a la pudeur ... 1 an. . 15 aoftt '04 16 oct. '04 ''
Voies de fait causant des 14 mos 29 sept . '04 30 mars '05 *
blessures corporelles.
Voies de fait sur un offi- 18
cier de la paix.
.... 16
.. _ .. ..116
Tentative et mettant en 15
circulation de faux bil-|
lets de banque. ;
Bigamie 1 an. .
Effraction et vol 1 .. .
Ivresse et desordre 18 mos
....;3 I. .
. 24 avril '04j24 avril '05 *
. 29 sept. '04^24 .. '05*
. 29 .1 '04 30 mars '05 *
. 23 nov. '041 6 juil. 05
3 fev. '05 22 juin '05
8 juin '0411 avril'OS
4 I, '04 28 mars '05
4 juil. '05 22 sept . '05
Sessions, Toronto.
Police, Chatham.
Assises, Ottawa.
j Comte
Police, Toronto.
I II Chatham.
I. Toronto.
I. Barrie. ,
a Liberee a condition qu'elle rejoigne son mari immediatement a Moosejaw. h A condition qu'elle
soit envoyee a la maison de refugee du comte d'Oxford jusqu'a ce qu'elle puisse entrer dans une institution
de charite. c Le prisonnier devant etre libere aussit5t apres I'expiration 6'\m an d'emprisonnement.
^ Libere sur parole.
280
CRIMINAL S T A T I S T I C S — 1 9 0 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table VII. — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during
the year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed ta
the following prisons.
(Province of Ontario.)
Central Prison — Toronto — Concluded.
CRIMP].
Sen-
tence.
Date of
Sentence i Pardon
or j or
Commit- Commuta
tal. tion .
Conditions
upon which Pardon
or Commutation
was granted.
Age
and
Sex.
M
By
what Court
tried.
Extortion 9 mos,
Forgerv i) u .
" ' 6 „ .
Horse steal'g ancUarcenj' 23 .i .
Interfering with ijolice. . IS h .
Keepingcommon gaming d
house.
Larceny
Non support..
Perjury
Posting immoral letter .
d ..
6 ni
6 ..
lyr.
1 ,.
Rape, attempted 1 .. . .
Receiving 1 m &
364 d.
Shopbreaking and theft. 1 yr. .
II and larceny H n . .
Shopbreaking and theft. 1 yr..
Stealing G mos
6 ..
6 I.
Theft 2 yrs.
less Id
II ... :23mos
123 11
!l8 I,
' ■ 1 yr..
> 1 II
13 mos
6 II
(> I.
4 M
4 II
6 .,
U I.
6 I,
6 I.
(i II
6 I.
6 ,1
1 yr..
Vagrancy
Wounding.,
Mar.l8,"05!Sept.i8,"05 *
•Tan. 2t/05 June22,'0.5 *
.Mar. 1(5/05 n 20, '05,''
Jan. 27, '04 Apr. 14, 05;^
Sept.29,'04 May 18, '05 *
May 20, '05 July 3,'05J
I
I- 20, '05 ,1 3, '05
Jan. 21, '05 u 6, '05
.1 21, '05 .A. pr. 19, "05
Junel3, 04 Mar. 10, "05 *
Nov. 30, ■04iMay 20, '05 * |6«
M 11.
Aug. 8,
May 5,
July 23,
Oct. 21,
July 14,
Feb. 2.3,
Mar. 25.
May 3,
Aug. 14,
Mar. 4,
Dec. 28,
Sept. 8,
Nov. 21,
JunelS,
Aug. 17,
Mar.lG,
Apr. 1,
11 1,
July 29,
,1 28,
Nov. 30,
Dec. 21.
Feb. 23,
May 30,
II 30,
July 14,^
Mar. 10, '05
Mar. 28, 05*
'04 Feb. 2, '05 * 43
04 Junel0,'O5 16'
04 Apr. 3, '05 * 19
Dec. 24, '04* 18
Mar.24,'05« 19
May. 8, '05* 27,
04 Mar.28,'05 * 24
Jan. 16. '05 *
Sept.27,'05*
04 July 6, '05*
'04iJune22,'05*
04 1 July 6, "05 ..
04 Mar. 21, '05 *
Dec. 22, '04
May 20, '05
June 3, "05
I, 3, '05,
Dec. 22, "041
Nov. 23, '04
Apr.ll,'05
Mar.24,05
Jul V 24, "05
I, 31, '05
,1 31, '051
Jan. 21,'05 ■
County, London.
H Hamilton.
II Welland.
Police, Ni.gara Falls
. jAssize, Ottawa.
. .Sessions, Toronto.
Police, Kingston,
II Hamilton.
II Chatham.
II Normandy.
Assize, Stratford.
Police, St. Thomas.
j II Gait.
I II St. Thomas.
County. Hamilton.
Police, Ottawa.
II Parry Sound.
II Barrie.
County. Hamilton.
Police, Gait.
County, Bracebridge.
Police, Rainy River.
II FortWilliani.
II Ottawa.
II London.
II Woodstock.
II Beanisville.
It Toronto.
It Hamilton.
Barrie.
J. P"s., North Bay.
County, London.
{Province of Ontario.
Common Jails.
Barr'c jail —
Drunk and disorderly.
Belleville jail —
Assault
6 mos
4 .1
July 4, "05 'Aug. 26, 05
Sept.l2,"04jNov.22,'04|
45
42
Police, Barrie.
I, Belleville.
« To be released on ticket of leave when he shall have served two months.
d. Three months and SoO fine, or three months more in defanlt of payment.
* Released on ticket of leave
STATISTIQUE C R I M TX ELL E— 1 9 05. 281
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableau VII. — Cas ou le droit de grace a ete exerce durant Fannee finissant le 30
septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes.
(Province cVOntario.
Prison centrale — Toronto — Fin.
CRIME.
Sen-
tence.
Date dk
Sentence Pardon
ou on
emprison- commuta-
nement. tion.
Conditions siir
lesqucUes le pardon
ou cotnmutation a
ete accorde.
Age
et
sexe.
HF
Par
quelle cour mis en
jugcment.
Extorsion 9 mos. 18 mars '05 18 sept. "05
Faux 9
M 6
Vol de chevaux et larcin 23
Entravant un ofBcier de 18
paix.
Tenant unemaisonde jeu (i .
Larcin
Refus de support.
Parjure
Mettant a la poste une
lettre immorale.
Viol, tentativ^e de
Recel
Bris de magasin et vol . .
M M lariin.
Bris de magasin et vol . .
Vol
Vagabondage
Blessures
d
6 mos
6 M .
1 an. .
1 „ .
1 M .
1 i.et
364 j.
1 an..
1 M .
1 an.
6 mos
G „
6 ..
Ian et
304 j.
23 mos
23 M
18 M
1 an.
1 n
13 mos
6 ..
6 „
4 M
4 H
6 ,.
6 „
0 M
6 M
6 ,>
6 n
0 "
1 an.
24 juin '05 22 juin '05 *
16 mars '05:20 „ '05,*
27 janv.'04il4 avril 'OS]*
29 sept. '041 18 mai '051*
20 mai '05 3 juil. '05
20 M
21 janv.
21 .,
13 juin
30 nov.
11 .-
8 aovlt
5 mai
23 juil.
21 oct.
14 juil.
23 fev.
25 mars
3 mai
14 aolit
4 mars
28 dec.
8 sept.
21 nov.
18 juin
17 a(jat
16 mars
1 avril
1 H
29 juil.
28 „
30 nov.
21 dec. ■
23 fev.
30 mai
30 .. '■
14 juil.
3 „ '05 . .
6 M '05!..
19 avril 05' . .
04 10 mars '05*
04120 mai '05*
'04 10 mars '05 j .
'0428 ., '05|*
'041 2 fev. '05*
'04 10 juin '05 .
'04 3avrir05*
"04 24 dec. '04 *
'05I24 mars'05|a
'05 8 mai '05*
'04 28 mars '05*
03(16 janv.
04 27 sept.
'041 6 juil.
04 22 juin
04 6 juil.
04 21 mars
Oi 22 dec.
05 20 mai
05 3 juin
05 3 M
04 22 dec.
04 23 nov.
04 11 avril
04 24 mars
05124 juil.
05.31 M
05 31 „
04 21 janv
'05*
'05 i*
'05*
"05*
'05t . .
•05*
'04*
"05*
'05*
'05*
'04| . .
'04 ..
'05* . .
'05 . .
"05 ..
"05 .
'O5I . .
'051*
Comte, London.
11 Hauiilton.
11 Welland.
Police, Niagara Falls
Assises, Ottawa.
Ses.sions, Toronto.
Police, Kingston.
11 Hamilton.
11 Chatham.
11 Normandy.
Assises, Stratford.
Police, St. Thomas
11 Gait.
1. St. Thomas
Comte, Hamilton.
Police, Ottawa.
.1 Parry Sound.
M Barrie.
Comte, Hamilton.
Police, Gait.
Comte, Bracebridge.
[Police, Rainy River.
j M Fort William.
M Ottawa.
I .. London.
M Woodstock.
11 Beamsville.
1. Toronto.
11 Hamilton.
M Barrie.
J. de P., North Bay.
Comte, London.
(Province d'Ontario. )
Prison* communes.
Prison de Barrie —
Ivresse et desordre . . .
Prison de Belleville —
Voies de fait
6 mos
4 „
4 juil. '05
12 sept. '04
26 aoi\t '05
22 nov. '04
45
42
Police, Barrie.
Belleville
a Pour etre libere sur parole apres deux mois de detention.
d Trois mois et S50 d 'amende, ou trois de plus k defaut de paiement.
* Libere sur parole.
282
CRIMINAL STATISTIC S— 1 905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table VII. — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during
the year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to
the following prisons.
(Province of Ontario.)
Common jails— Continued.
CRIME.
Sen-
tence.
Date of
Sentence
or
Commit-
tal.
Pardon
Commuta-
tion.
Conditions
uix)n which Pardon
or Commutation
was granted.
Age
and
Sex.
M; F
By
what Court
tried.
BrorkviUe jail-
Vagrancy . . .
Goderich jail —
Theft as a servant ....
Hamilton Ja il —
Aggravated assault . .
Praud
North Bai) jail —
Theft ■
Ottawa jail —
Assault and wounding.
ir causing actual
bodily harm.
Attempted indecent
assault.
Grievous assault ....
Theft
GOdys
40 „
.30 ..
6mos
6 .r
4 „
Apr. 26, '05 1
M 26, '05
„ 26, '05
June 9, '05
„ 9, '05
Mar. 28, '05
May 3, '05
June25,'04
1 yr
3mos'May 1,'05
3 ., t. 4,05
8 t, Aug. 19, '04
Vagrancy
Parry Sound jail —
Obtaining money un-
der false pretences.
Theft..
Pembroke jail —
Assault
Perth jail —
Vagrancy
•June 3, '05
>- 3, '05
,. 3, '05
July 19, '05
„ 19, '05
June29,'05
May 30, '05
Mar. 4, '05
May 30, '05
July 6, '05
Oct. 16, '04
3 .. May 5,'05 Junell,'05
4 „ „ 5,
6mos June 27,
3 M Jan. 4.
3 M Mar. 17,
Mar. 4,
June28,
"05 Jul V 15, '05
'05 July 31, '05
'05 Feb. 15, '05
'05 j Mar. 25, '05
'05|Apr.27,'C5
'04 Feb. 2, '05
May 15, '05 Sept. 7, '05
1 „ 22,
„ 22,
„ 22,
II 22,
Dec. 16',
M 6,
Peterhoronyh jail —
Theft
'05!junel6,'05
,. 16, '05
>, 16, '05
M 16, '05
Mar. 24, '05
., 10, '05
Vagrancy
St. Thomas jail —
Burglary and Theft.
Theft
Vagrancy.
Sandwich jail-
Vagrancy . .
Toronto jail —
Assault
Obtaining goods under
false pretences.
1 mo. I July 4,
1 „ „ 4,
1 11 Junel4,
1 yr. July 23,
4mos; .. 4,
3 „ Nov.23,
G M I July 20,
Nov. 14,
Apr. 25,
Dec. 3,
Julyl9,'05
M 19, '05
June20,'05
H 9,'05
Sep. 27, '05
Jan. 9, '05'
Sept. 5,'05
Mar. 4, '041
June 3.'05
Mar. 4, '05
30 dys Nov.28, '04 Dec. 15, '04 43
60 M !Apr.l2,'05Apr.l9,'05 45
J. P's., Kemptville.
II h
. .Police, Brock ville.
45 County, Goderich.
Police, Hamilton.
J. P"s., North Bay.
. . County, Ottawa.
Police II
County M
Police, Ottawa.
Burk Falls.
Parry Sound.
Arnprior.
Perth.
;J. P's., Carleton Place.
Police, Perth.
Peterborough.
County
Police
St. Thomas.
Leamington.
Wind.sor.
II Toronto.
Sessions h
h Two months and .S7.50 costs, or three months more in default of payment.
c To be released when he shall have served three months.
* Released on ticket of leave.
STATISTIQUE C R I M I N E L L E— 1 9 0 o . 283
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableau YII.— Cas ou le droit de grace a ete exerce durant I'annee finissant le 30
septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes.
(Province d' Ontario.)
Prisons communes — Suite.
CRIME.
Sen-
tence.
Date de
Sentence Pardon
ou I ou
emprison- 1 commuta-
nement. I tion .
Conditions sur
lesquelles le pardon
ou commutation a
ete accorde.
Age
et
sexe.
HiF
Par
quelle cour mis en
jugement.
Prison, de Brockville-
Vagabondage ...
60 jrs . 26 avril '05! 3 juin '05
40 ,. 126 >. '05i 3 M '05
30 M 126 . 05 3 ,. '05
6mos
6 .,
Prison dt Godcrich —
Vol oomme serviteur
Prison de Hamilton —
Voies Je fait graves . . b
Faux 1 an.
Prison, North Bay —
Vol 3mos
Prison d'Ottcnva—
Voies de fait et bles- 3 ><
sures. j
Voies de fait et infli- 3 ,.
geant des blessures
corporelles.
Attentat a la pudeur. . 3
9 juin '05:i9 juil. '05
9 .. '05119 M '05
28 mars '05
3 mai '05
25 juin '04
1 mai '0&30mai '05
Voies de fait graves . .
Vol
Vagabondage
Prison de Parry Sound —
Obtention d'argent
sousde faux pretextes.
Vol
Prison de Pembroke—
Voies de fait
Prison de Perth —
Vagabondage .....
4 „ '05
19 aout "04
5 mai '05
4 „
6mos
3 „
3 ..
5 „
27 juin
4 janv.
17 mars
29 juin '05
30 mai '05
4 mars '05
6 juil. '05
16oct. '04
14 juin '05
15 juil. '05
31 juil '05
15 feb. '05
25 mars '05
21 .
32 .
25!.
'21 1 .
181.
45
18 H 28 juin.
6 M 15 mai.
'05 27 Apr. '05
'OJ 2 feb. '05 *
Prison de Peterborough-
Vol
22 „
22 „
22 „
22 „
16 dec.
6 u
26
44
130
i
43
|23
.I2I
|31|
.il9
.;45:
I I
^5,'
.35
'05 -7 Sept. '05 j37
'05 16 juin '05 23
'05(16 M '05
'0516 M '05
'05116 „ '05
'04 24 mars '05
'0410 " '05
Vagabondage
Prison de St. Thomas —
EflFract. de nuit et vol
Vol
Vagabondage
Prison de Sandirich —
Vagabondage
I Imoi 4 juil.
1 - 4 „
1 li 14 juin
1 an. '23 juil.
4mos; 4 ..
3 .- 23nov.
6 „ 20 juil.
'05!l9 juil '05 18
"05 19 „ 'o5 17
'05 20 juin '05 35
Prison de Toronto —
Voies de fait. .......
Obtention d'effet sous
de faux pretextes.
6 „
4 .-
3 „
30 jr.
60 n
14 nov.
25 avril
3 dec.
28 nov.
12 avril
9 ,. '05 16'
27 sept. '05 38
9 janv. '05 '241
5 sept. '05! 26
i
4 mars '04 i79
3 juin '05
4 mars '05
15 dec. '04!
19avrir05
J. de P., Kempt ville.
Police, Brockville.
Corate, Godericli.
Police, Hamilton.
J. deP., North Bay.
Comte, Ottawa.
Police 11
Comte M
Police, Ottawa.
M Burk Falls.
11 Parrj- Sound .
ir Arnprior.
M Perth .
J. de P., Carleton Place.
Police, Perth.
Peterborough .
11 St. Thomas.
Comte ir
Police 11
11 Leamington.
I. Windsor.
II Toronto.
Sessions n
b Deux mois et S7.50 de frais, ou trois mois de plus a defaut de paiement.
c Pour etre libere apres trois mois de detention.
* Liberes sur parole.
284
CRIMINAL STATISTIC S— 1 905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table VJI, — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during
the 3'ear ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to
the following prisons
{Province of Ontario.)
Common Jails — Co'iiciuded.
CRIME.
Date of
Sen-
tence. Sentence
or
; Commit-
tal.
Pardon
or
Commuta-
tion.
Conditions
upon which Pardon
or Commutation
was granted.
Age
and
Sex.
M F
what Court
tried.
Toronlo jail
Stealing .
-Con.
,30 dys Mar. 2,'0.") Mar. 14/05
ilO M Feb. 16, "05 Feb. 22, '05
Theft I (imos Oct. 28, '05 Mar. 15, "05
Vagrancy .
Whithy jail—
Vagrancy
6mos
Nov.d0,'04Dec. 30,'04
May29,mJunel0,'05
Junel2,'05 Jiily31,'05| ..
„ 9, '05 - 6,'05|a
Police. Toronto.
Toronto Junction.
Toronto.
Whitby.
[Province of Qufhcc. )
Provincial Peniteniary — St Vincent de Paul.
Assault with intent to. .
rob.
Attempt to murder.
6 yrs.
II of a notarial deed
Gross indency on male
person
Horse stealing
M to procure ab-j 5 n
oration . i
Attempt to steal from..! 3 m
the person . 1
Breaking into a place of' 3 m
public worship.
Cattle stealing 5 yrs.
False pretences ! 2 n
j 2 -,
Forgery 4 u
„ j 2 „
4 ..
3 M
3 „
5 M
27 mos
2 yrs.
10 H
8 M
2 M
5 .,
5 -,
10 „
9 M
6 ..
5 „
14 M
5 ..
4 ..
4 ..
4 M
5 ,.
3 M
4 M 1
Dec. 13, '00
Apr. 5,
M 15,
Junel5,
;Oct. 29, '03
j
Jan. 27, '03
Dec. 22, '00
Apr. 3, '05
Nov. 22, '04
June 5, '05
May 8, '05
M 20, '05
26|
39
24
38
28
47
House breaking and theft
Incest
Perjury
Rec. stolen property .
Robbery
M vdth violence.
Shooting with intent to
kill and murder
Shopbreaking
Theft.
and theft . ,
May 14, '03 Feb. 8, '05 * 40
Apr. 7,04 M 13, '05:* ... 34
M 14, 04 Mar.21,'05 * 35
Sept 27,'04 May S,'05J 26
Junel6,04 April 3,'05j* 19
Apr. 20, '03 Dec. 23, '04 60
M 20, '03 Feb. 8, '05' 54
July 21, '03 July 31, '05 * 20
Oct. 27,
Aug. 27,
June27,
Jan. 15,'
Apr. 5,
Mar. 28,
Dec. 17,
Nov. 14,^
II 27
,. 22'
Jan. 21'
Mar. 23,
t> 16,
Jan. 29,
Feb. 10,
May 19,
„ 19,
Aug. 3,'
Apr. 28,
July 13,
Oct. 21, '04
Mar. 10, '05
May 30, '05
Junel6,'05
Dec. 22, '04
!Feb. 2, '05
June27,'05
May 20, '05
June27,'05
Jan. 16, '05!
July 31, "05 1
Jan. 16, '05 1
I
Sept 27, ^05
Mar. 10, '05
July 6, '05
Jan. 16, "05
Mar. 10, '05
Dec. 28, '04* 117
Julyl9,'05|* }18
Sessions, Montreal.
King's Bench, Valleyfield
II Quebec.
II Montreal.
Sessions,
Sapreme, Calgary.
Sessions, Montreal.
King's Bench, Montreal.
Sessions, Montreal.
Dist. Mag., Sherbrooke.
II Arthabaska.
I. Rimouski.
Sessions, Montreal.
Queen's Bence, Hull.
King's Bch, Beauharnois.
[Supreme, Maple Creek.
iSessions, Montreal.
King's Bench, Montreal.
Sessions, Montreal.
I Dist. Mag., Sherbrooke.
[Queen's Bench, Montreal.
ISessions, Montreal.
<t>uebec.
Montreal.
a Released upon condition that he pays cost of prosecution.
6 Released upon condition that he accepts employment provided for him.
* Released on ticket of leave.
S T A T I S T I Q U E C R 1 M I X E L L E— 1 9 0 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
285
Tableau YII.— Cas oii le droit de grace a ete exerce durant I'annee finissant le 30
septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes.
{Province d' Ontario.)
Prisons Communes — Fin.
Sen-
tence.
Date dk
Conditions sur
lesquelles le pardon
ou commutation
a ete accorde.
Age
et
sexe.
Par
CRIME.
Sentence
ou
emprison-
nement.
Pardon
ou
commuta-
tion.
quelle cour mis en
jugement.
Prison de Toronto — Fin.
Vol...
30 jrs.
10 „
(jmos
6 ..
1 ,-
6 M
5 ..
2 mars "05
16 feb. 05
28 oct. '05
30 nov. 04
29 mai '05
12 juin '05
9 .. '05
14 mars "05
22 fev. '05
15 mai-s'05
30 dec. 04
10 juin '05
31 juil '05
6 M '05
2i ..
22..
21..
29
40'..
40'.
Police, Toronto.
Vagabondage
*
11 Toronto Junction.
" Toronto.
Prison de Whithii — i
Vagabondage '
>. Whitby.
1
{Province de Quebec.)
Penitencier Provincial — St. Vincent de Paul.
Voies de fait avec inten-
tion de vol.
Meurtre, tentative de. . .
Tentative d'avortement.
II de vol sur la
personne.
Entrant avec fraca.s dans
une jjlace du culte
public.
Vol de bestiaux
Faux pretextes
Faux
Forgeant vm acte notarie
Indecence grossiere sur
une personne du sexe
masculin ...
Vol de chevaux .........
Bris de maison et vol .
Tnceste
Parjure
Recel d'objets voles.
Vol
II avec violence.
6ans. 13 dec. '00' 22 dec. '04 1
5 II 5 avril
5 11 1 15 II
5 II 15 juin
3 .1 29 oct.
3 „
5ans
2 II
2 I.
4 11
2 .,
4 I.
3 I,
3 11
5 I,
27 mos
2ans.
10 I.
I 8 I.
2 .1
5 11
5 .1
10 „
9 II
6 ..
Usage d'arme a feu avec
int. de meurtre
Bris de magasin
Vol.
et vol. .
'04 3avrir05*
03: 22 nov. '04 *
'03 5 juin '05i .
03 8 mai '05
27janv.'03j20
'05
14 mai
7 avril
14 ..
27 siept.
16 juin
20 avril
20 ,1
21 juil.
27 oct.
27 aoftt.
27 juin
15 janv.
5 avril
2S mars
17 dec.
14 nov.
27 .1
22 I.
21 janv.
23 mars
16 I,
19 janv.
10 fev.
19 mai
19 I,
3 aotit
28 avril '
13 juin
'03
'04] 13
'04 1 21
'04 8
'04 3
'03 23
03 8
'03 31
8 fev
'05*-
,1 '05 *
mars "05 *
mai '05 . .
avril '05 *
dec. '04 . .
feb. '05 ..
juil. '05*
'03 21
'0310
"03(10
'03 30
'0016
'04 22
'02 2
'01127
'02 20
'02 27
0216
'04,31
'96:16
oct.
mars
mai
juin
dec.
feb.
juin
mai
juin
janv.
juil.
janv.
26
'03 27 sept. '05
'03 10 mars '05
03 6 juil. '05
'03 16 janv. '05
02 10 mars '05
04^23 dec. '04
03119 juil. "05
Sessions, Montreal.
Banc du Roi, Valleyfield.
II II Quebec.
Montreal.
Sessions i>
Supreme, Calgary.
Sessions, Montreal.
Banc du Roi, Montreal.
j II _ II
Sessions, Montreal.
M. de Dist., Sherbrooke.
II . Arthabaska.
II Rimouski.
Sessions, Montreal.
Banc de la Reine, Hull.
r. Roi, Beauharnois.
Supreme, Maple Creek.
Sessions, Montreal.
Banc du Roi, ^Montreal.
Sessions, Montreal.
M. de Dist., Sherbrooke.
Banc de la Reine, Mont'l.
Sessions, Montreal,
Quebec.
Montreal.
a Libere a condition qu'il paye les frais de poursuite.
h Libere a condition qu'il accepte I'emploi qui lui sera
Liberes sur parole.
accepte I'emploi qui lui sera offert.
286
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table VII. ^ — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during
the year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to-
,the foDowing prisons.
(Province of Quebec.)
Provincial Penetentiary — St. Vincent de Paul — Concluded.
Date of
CRIME.
Sen-
tence.
Sentence
or
Commit-
tal.
Pardon
Commuta-
tion.
Age
Conditions and
uix)n which Pardon Sex,
or Commutation
was granted.
M
By
what Court
tried.
Theft.
as a servant.
from a dwelling.
M the person . .
Wounding.
6yrs.
2 n
2 M
2 ..
3 ..
7 M
4 ..
3 ..
3 „
3 M
5 ..
2 „
21 „
3 ..
7 "
7 ..
4 M
Jan. 29, '03 Aug. 23,051*
Sept27,'04Feb. 13,'05*
Nov.28,'0.'?!Nov.22,'04l.
Aug. 7, '03 Oct. 21,'04 '
„ 3,'04!.July22,'05*
April 5, '00 M 12, '05,
.Julvl9,'02 Jan. ir,,'05 *
Jan. 26, '04 .Mar. 24, '05*
Mar.15.04 „ 10,'05
Dec.l8,'03 Junel0.'05
Mar. 18,'02 July 6, '05
Oct. 20,03 June 9, '05
Sept 26, '04 July 6. "05
Aug. 25, '04 Mar. 11, '05
June 5, '02 Apr. 12, '05
Sept2.5,'02iAug.2t;,'05
Mar. 25, '04i Apr. 28, '05
22 .
49 ..
37 .,
27 ..
39 .
40 .
24 .
.34 .
32 .
43 .
29 .
25 .
32 .
24 .
32 .
35 .
28 .
Sessions, Montral.
Dist. Mag., Sweetsburg.
King's Boh., Valleyfield.
J. P's., Montreal.
|Se.ssions, !•
Dist. Mag., Hull.
J. P's., Montreal.
Dist. Mag., Sorel.
Sessions, Montreal,
n Quebec.
(Province of Quebec. J Reformatories.
Montreal Reform SchoolA
Theft 3yrs. May 4,03 Aug. 26, '05
16 .
. Sessions, Quebec.
(Provvace of Quebec.) ' Common jails.
Hull Jail
Assault causing bodily
harm.
Larceny
Receiying stolen goods
Seduction
Taking hand car (ijrop.
of C.P.R.)
Theft ■
Montreal Jail —
Assault t drunkenness
Drunk and disorderly
and assaulting wife
14taos
14
12
12
6
23
Jan. 20, '05
20, '05
Apr. 17, '05'
June 20, '05 H
Mar. 12, '04 Oct. 18, '04
Apr. 5, '05 1 Aug. 4, '05
., 12, '05 May 18, '05
Dec. 23, '04' Feb. 17, '05
June 10, '04
2nd charge
False pretences. . . .
Forgery . . .
Frequenting disorder-
ly house.
Inflicting grievous bod-
ily harm.
Keeping a disorderly
house.
Loitering
Dec. 22, '04
a Nov. 18, '04 May 30, '05
2 in & Jan. 4, '05 Apr .19, '05
.S20 or
6 mos .
6 mos.
3 mos. Mar. 3, '05 May 8, '05
23 HI. . Feb. 9,'04 Xov.29,'04;* Illness
3 m. & Feb. 18. '05 Mar. 8, '05
28
3 a. m.
6 mos. ,Sept.23,'04 Dec. 22, '04
3mS50 July 7,'04
or3a.m
Oct. 20, '04
2m .$50 Feb. 17, '05 Apr. 14, '05
orSaml
2 mos. Oct. 5,'04 Nov.l4,'01
21
Dist. Mag., Hull.
32 King's Bench ,.
Dist. Mag. ti
Recorder, Montreal.
Sessions
31
28; Recorder
j
23lKing's Bench
35
28
Recorder
a Six months and -SllO fine, or seven months more in default of payment.
* Released on ticket of leave.
STATISTIQUE CRi:SIINELLE — 190 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
287
Tableau VII. — Cas ou le droit de grace a ete exerce durant I'annee finissant le 30
Septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes.
(Province of Quebec.)
Penitencier provincial — Saint-Vincent-de-Paul — Fin.
Date de
CRIME.
Sen- I
tence.
Sentence
ou
■ emprison-
nement.
Pardon
ou
comujuta-
tion.
Age
Condition sur 1 et
lesquelles le pardon sexe.
ou commutation a
ete accorde. [
HF
i I
Par
quelle cour mis en
jugement.
Vol.
comme serviteur.
dans une maison.
sur la personne.
Blessures.
6ans.
2 „
2 M
2 11
3 1,
7 .1
4 „
3 1,
3 M
3 „
5 .1
9 „
2|„
3 M
29 janv,
27 sept.
28 nov.
: 7 aovlt
3 1. ^
• 6 avril
19 juil.
2ti juin
1.0 mars
18 dec.
18 mar.
20 oct.
|2G sepf
2.5 aoflt
5 juin
25 sept.
25 mars
'03'23 aout '05 *
'04 13 fev. '05!*
03 22 nov. '04l
'03 21 oct. '04 *
'04 22 juil. '05*
'00 12 .1 '05
'0216 janv. '05*
'04 24 mars '05 *
'04 10 1, '05 *
'C3 10 juin '05* 43
'02 6 juil. "05* l29
03 9 juin '05 25
.04 6 juil. '05* |32
'04 11 mars '05 24
22 . . Sessions, Montreal.
29
371
27
39'
40 . . M. de Dist., Sweetsburg.
24,.. I
34.. I
32
'02 12 avril '05
'02 26 aoCit '05
'04128 avril '05
Banc du Roi, Valleyfield.
J J. de P., Montreal.
Sessions, m
|M. deDist., Hull.
J. de P., Montreal.
;M. de Dist., Sorel.
I Sessions, Montreal.
1! Quebec.
(Province de Quebec.)
Maisons de reforme.
Maison de Beforme,
Montreal —
Vol
3ans
4 mar. '03
26 Aout'05 il6
Sessions, Quebec.
(Province de Quebec.)
Prison de Hull —
Voies de fait causant
des bless, corporelles.
Larcin
Recel d'objets voles. . .
Seduction
Prenant un hand car
(prop. duC.P.R.)
Vol
Prison de MontrM —
Voies de fait et ivres.se
Ivresse et de.sordre et
agression sur .sa
femme.
2e accusation
Faux pretextes
Faux
Frecjuentant une mai-
son de desordre.
Infligeant des bles-
sures corporelles.
Tenant une maison de
desordre.
Prisons communes.
14mosi20juin '05117 avrir05,
Faineantise.
2m. &
S20 ou
6 mos.
6 mos.
3 mos
23 11
3 m. et
S50 ou
enc3m
6 moi.«
3m. et
§50 ou
euc3m
2 m. et
§50 ou
cncSm
2 mos
20 „
12 mars
5 avril
12 1.
23 dec.
"05 20 juin '05 *
'04 18 oct. "04.
"05; 4 aout '05 .
'05118 mai '051
'04!l7fev. '05'
10 juin '04 22 dec. '04*
18 nov.
4 janv
'04 .30 mai '05
'05119 avril'Oo
3 mars
9 fev,
IS ,t '05i 8 mai '05
23
32
05 8 mai 05 28
04 29 nov. 04 * Maladie | . . ;31
28
23 sept.
7 juil.
17 fev.
'04 22 dec* '04
'04 20 oct. '04
05 14 avril'Oo "^
!
5 oct. '04 14 nov. '04 " 21
Mag. de Dist. Hull.
Banc du Roi ..
Mag. de Dist. n
Recorder, Montreal.
Sessions u
Recorder •■
Banc du Roi i.
Recorder m
a Six mois et 8110 d'amende, ou sept mois de plus a defauc de paiement.
* Liberes sur parole.
288
CRIMINAL S T A T I ST I C 8—1 905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table VII. — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised duiing
the year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to
the following prisons.
(Province of Quebec.)
Common jails — Concluded.
CRIME
Sen-
tence.
Date of
Sentence
or
Commit-
tal.
Pardon
or
Commuta-
tion*.
Conditions
upon which Pardon
or Commutation
was granted.
Age^
and
Sex.i
M F|
By
what Court
tried.
Montr«d Jail — Con.
Obtaining goods under 1 mo.
false pretences.
Rape
Receiving stolen goods
Shopbreaking I 6
Stealing.
Theft.
a post bag
Mar. 30, '05
Apr. 11, '05
38
as a servant,
from employer. .jlS
of a St. ry. con.! 9
box & contents.
23mos Nov.21,'03iDec. 22, '04 *
3 „ May 4,'05]June 3,'05 . . .
.Tan. 24, '05 Apr. 12, '05* .
12 „ Aug. 2, "04 Dec. 23. '04!...
6 ■« Dec. G.'04 Feb. 10,"04 *6.
9 .. July 18, '04 Oct. 17, '04* .
12 » Mar. 3, '04 Dec. 22, '04 *
6 .. Apr. 2U, '05 Sept. 27, '05* .
1 mo., Sept. 30, '04 Oct. 20, '04 . .
9mos Aug. 24, '04 Feb. 2, '05 * .
Nov. 14, '04 June 20, '05 ...
,, 23,'04 Mav20,'05*
Uttering forged papers
"Vagrancy J
Vagrancy
G „
4 u
4 M
4 ,.
4 ..
4 M
4 ,<
4 .,
3mos
Sessions, Montreal.
King's Bench
Sessions
J. P.'s
Sessions
19
40
lej
..21
44'
16
22 ..
28, . . I
22, . . J .
22..;
43; . . King's Bench
43 . .
P.'
Apr. 4, '05 July 31, '05 1 i21
Junel4.'05Aug. 4,'05 ;2!:^
14
'Sessions
Quebec Jail —
Indecent assault
Stealing
t. from the person
Theft
II as a serv.'vnt ....
St. John's Jail —
Drunkenness
Ste. Scholastique Jail —
Indecent assault ....
Sherhrooke Jail —
Theft
Vagranc.v
Working an illicit still
Sivcetsbvrrj Jail —
Theft:.'
Three Rivera Jail — I
Causing grievous bodi-'
ly harm with intent
to maim.
M 14,
,- 14,
" 14,
„ 14,
„ 14,
June20,
Oct. 14,
Nov. 7,
Dec. 9,
Mar. 20,
„ 5,
„ 6,
,. 27,
Junel3,
Mar. 18,
July 26,
Feb. 20,
May 30,
Aug. 8,
iS100& Jan. 31,
COS. or,
3mos
18mos
3„
4 ,.
6 M
6 t,
6 .,
3 ■.
6 ,.
G n
20 >,
6 M
G M
05 .1 4, '051 23'.
'05 M 4, '05 19'..
'05; M 4, '051 24 ..
'05, „ 4,'05! 23i.
'05 M 4. '051 124
'05
'05
'04
04 Junel0,'05!* ]20 . . 'King's Bench, Quebec.
Sept.21,'05; [23 ..
Aug.ll,'05 I . . 22 Recorder, Montreal.
Dec. 6,'04* 130 . Sessions,
'04 Dec. 23, '04
'05 July 6, '05
05 June27,'05
'05 July 19, '05
'05 ,. 6, '05
'05 M 22, '05
'05iJune22,'05
22 Dist. Mag.,
23;..
. . '21 Sessions,
17 i.. I Dist. Mag.,
23 . Sessions,
.|20
37
Oct. 20,'04'c
Feb. 3, '05!*
'04lOct. 20, '04*
'04 1 .. 30. '04 1..
'05' Apr. 3.'05i..
23 >,
'.50;May20,'05
'05 Apr. 11,'05
Mar. 16, '04
Oct. 27, '04
68
25
22
26..
47
26
Dist. Mag., St. John.s.
King's Bench, St. Scho-
lastique.
. .jDist. Mag., Sherbrooke.
I, Sweetsburg.
King's Bch. Three Rivers
a Three months with bail to keep the peace.
b Ticket of leave issued in order that prisoner maj' receive medical treatment.
c Prisoner released u|X)n condition that relations take him back to Three Rivers.
* Released on ticket of leave.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELL E— 1 905
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
289
Tableau VII. — Cas ou le droit de grace a ete exerce durant I'annee finissant le 30
septembre 190-5, en faveur de.s prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes.
(Province de Quebec.)
Prisons communes — Fin.
CRIME.
Sen-
tence.
Date de
Sentence
ou
emprison-
nement.
Pardon
ou
commuta-
tion.
Conditions sur
lesquelles le pardon
ou commutation a
ete accorde.
Age
et
sexe.
HF
Par
quelle cour mis en
jugement.
PriHon de Montreal — Fin
Obtention d'effets sous
de faux pretextes.
Viol
Recel d'objets voles,
Imos
30 mars '05
Bris de magasin I fi
ol.
d'un sac jxjstal.
12
I 9
12
6
1
|9
18
comnie serviteur.
chez un patron. . .
d'une boite de con-j 9
duct^ir de tram-j
way avec contenu
Emiss. de faux papiersi 6
Vagabondage ' 4
4
Vagabondage . ...
Prison de Quebec —
Attentat a la pudeur
Vol
sur la personne .
conime serviteur..
Prison de St. Jean—
Ivrcsse
Prison de Ht.Scholastiqtie
Attentat a la pudeur.
Prison de Sherbrooke —
Vol
Vagabondage
Travaillant un alambic
Prison de Siceeinburfi —
Vol
Prison de Trois- Rivieres
Causant des blessures
corpor. graves avec
intention d'estro];)ier
4 ,.
4 M
4 M
4 „
4 „
3mos
a
18mos
3 ..
.4 M
6 M
6 M
6 ..
3 u
6 ..
6 "
20 „
G M
6 .,
$100et
les fr.
ou3m
5mos
23
21 nov.
4 mai
24 janv.
2 aout.
6 dec.
ISjuil.
3 mars
20 avril
30 sept .
24 aout.
14 nov.
23 M
4 avril
14 juin
14
14
14
14
14
14
20 juin
14 Oct.
7 nov.
9 dec.
20 mars
11 avril '05
'03 22 dec.
'05 3 juin
05 {12 avril
'04122 dec.
'04J10fev,
'04 17 oct.
■04J22 dec.
'05127 sept.
'04 20 Oct.
'04 2fev.
'04 20 juin.
'0420 mai
'05[31 juil.
'05! 4 a6ut.
'05 4 „
"05 4 M
'05| 4 „
'05 4 „
4 M
21 sept.
11 aoftt
6 dec.
'052'
10 juin
23 dec.
6 juil.
6 „
27 M
13 juin
18 mars '05122 juin
/ jum
19 juil.
6
22
'04
05
■05*
04
04
04
04
'05
'04
'05
'05
05
26 juil.
29 fev.
30 mai
8 aottt
31 janv.
'04 20 oct.
'04 3 fev,
'04120 oct.
'0430 „
'05 3 avril
'041c
'05
'04
'04
'05
'05' 20 mai
'05 11 avril
16 mars '04 27 oct. '04
38
44
16
22
28
22
22
13
43
21
25
23
19
[24..
i-23 . .
24
23
21
Sessions, Montreal.
Banc du Roi » .
Sessions ..
J. de P.
Sessions
.J. de P.
Banc du Roi
Sessions
30
22 Recorder, Montreal.
. . Sessions, u
2(» . . BancdiLRoi, Quebec.
22 Mag. de Dist.,
21 Sessions,
. . Mag. de Dist.,
Sessions,
20
Mag. de Dist., St-.Tean.
B. duRoi,StpSchola.'<tique
Mag.de Dist.,Sheibrooke
II It Sweetsburg
26. ;B. du Roi, Trois-Rivieres
24 :
281.
a Trois mois avec caution pour garder la paix.
h Libere sur parole afin que le prisonnier regoive un traitement medical.
c Prisonnier libere a condition que ses paients le ramenent a Trois-Rivieres.
* Libere sur parole.
17-19
290
CRIMINAL STATISTIC S— 1 9 0 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table VII. — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised duringthe year
ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to the following
prisons.
(P.E.I., N.S. d- N.B.)
Provincial Penitentiary — Dorchester, N.B.
CRIME.
Date of
Sentence Pardon
Commit-
tal.
Commuta-
tion.
Conditions
upon which Pardon
or Commutation
was granted
Age
and
Sex.
MF
By
what Court
tried.
Assault, causing grrievous
bodily harm.
Assault, causing bodily
harm.
Assault, indecent
Arson
Attempt to have carnal
knowledge of girl un-
der 14 years.
Breaking and entering . .
Breaking, entering and
stealing.
Breaking, entering and
stealing ...
II with intent
Burglarj' and theft
False pretences
Larcenj' and resisting
arrest •
Larceny
Manslaughter
Obtaining money under
false pretences
Rape and arson
Receiving stolen goods. .
Shooting with intent.. .
Shopbreaking and theft
Stealing
Theft...!!!']"!!!!'!!!.
4yrs.
2 n
6 yrs.
2
5
5
4
4
4
4
3
2
3 yrs,
3 ..
2h ..
to" ..
Uii
4 „
&30d.
3 yrs.
3 II
3 ,1
2 I,
2 ..
&7d.
25 yrs.
2 ,1
2 I,
4 II
2 ,1
5 .,
3 ,1
3 ,.
2 ..
3 M
2 ..
4 .1
3 ..
Dec. 14, '03! June 5/05
June27,'03Dec.22,'04
27
21
Mar.ll,'04 Apr.l.5,'05* 24.
May 30, '02 July 6,'05 * 36;.
Jan. 27, '03 Dec. 22,'04j 61^ .
July 18,'05 Sept 15, '05|* .. 61i.
May 29, '03 Dec. 22, '04'Remis. of 10 lashes. 4.51 .
Mar. 2, 00 Mar. 15, "05 1
Apr. 4,"04!Sept27,'05
May 3,'02 Junel0,'05
'June 4, '01
Aug. 27, '02
May 8, '05
Feb. 4, "05
:Mar.l!l,'03lApr.ll,'05
jAug. 7,'03 Juue20,'05
!Sept21,'03 Julyl9,'05
|Feb. 5, '03 Mar. 11, '05
May 11, '04' June 9, '05
Stip. Mag., Halifax, N.S.
Suiireme, Sydney, N.S.
St. John, N.B.
M Windsor, N.S.
County, Kentville, N.S.
Supreme, Windsor, N.S.
Assize, St. John, N.B.
24 . County,
20 . . :
..24 Police, Halifax, N.S.
^ Apr. 28, '04 1 July 6, '041* .21
County, Hampton, N.B.
.Circuit, St. John, N.B.
. ^County, Sydney, N.S.
.! M Kentville, N.S.
.Police, Halifax, N.S.
.Count}', Sydney, N.S.
. I M ' Haliifax, N.S.
. County, Port Hood, N.S.
Dec. 17, '03
June27,'03
May 22, '99
Jan. 4,'04 Junel0,'05
June25,'03 Jan. 16, '05
Feb. 10,'05|* 19.. 1 ..
Dec. 25, '04 * i20 . . 'Supreme, Sidney, N.S.
Sejjt 27,'05;* 123' . . [County, Dorchester N.B.
'h.
120 ..'Police, Halifax, N.S.
|30 ..Stip. Mag. ..
Dec. 6, '02 1 Dec. 22, '04* 140
Mar. 24, '03 May 5,'05^.. '28
Nov. 9, '03 Feb. 4,"05i* -...,27
May 11, '04j June 9,05
Feb. 6,"04 Julyl4,'05
Oct. 18,
Jan. 30,
July fi,
June 27,
II 1,
,1 27
Aug. 17,
July 15,
... 14,
Mar. 8,
Oct. 23,
June27,
Sept 12,
'94lOct. 16,'04
'04 Feb. 4, "05
'04 July 19, '05
'03|Apr. 15,'05
'04!Sept.27,'05
'03 Dec. 22, '04
'03 July 6, '05
'03 Jan. 18, '05
'04, Apr. 12, '05
'04 June20,05
031 May 16, "05
'03 1 Feb. 4, '05
'03 July 31, '05
^Sent. red. to 15 yrs. 34
71
21
28
38
23
24
56
24
18
22
3E
37
Supreme, St. John, N.B.
County, Dalhousie, n
Police, Woodstock, ..
County, Halifax, N.S.
Supreme, Sydney, i.
Assize, Woodstock, N.B.
County, Digby, N.S.
Supreme, Sydney, n
II Victoria, n
If Sj'dney, «
Police, Fredericton, N.B.
County, St. John, .i
II Amherst, N. S.
.• Sydney, N.S.
Supreme, Amherst, N.^-
a Two years and 20 lashes.
*b A ticket of leave to issue for one month and to be cancelled if prisoner does not return to his home
in Ireland.
*c Released on ticket of leave with the condition that prisoner is not to re-visit Cape Breton until
June 1st, 1906.
* Released on ticket of leave.
STATISTIQUE C R I MI N ELLE— 1 9 05.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
291
Tableau VII. — Cas ou le droit de grace a ete exerce durant I'annee finissant le 30
septenibre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes.
(I. du P.-E., N.'E. et N.-B.)
Penitencier Provincial — Dorchester, N.B.
CRIME.
Date de
Sen-
tence.
I Sentence
ou
eraprison-
nement.
Pardon
ou
comnuita-
tion.
Conditions sur
lesquelles le pardon
ou commutation a
ete accorde.
Age
et
sexe
H F
Par
quelle cour mis en
jugement.
Voies de fait causantdes
blessures corpor. graves
Voies de fait causant des
blessures corporelles .
Attentat a la pudeur . .
Incendie
Tentative de commerce
charnel avec une fille
au-dessous de 14 ans .
EflFraction et entree
M ir et vol
Effraction, entree et vol,
<i avec intention
Effraction de nuit et vol.
Faux pretextes
Vol. et resistant a line
arrestation
Vol
Homicide non premedite
Obtention d'argent sous
de faux pretextes.
Viol et incendie .......
Kecel d'objets vole:
4 ans
2 It
2
5
5
.5
14 dec
27 juin
11 mars
30 mai
27 janv.
llSjiiil.
1 29 mai
I
5 juin '05
22 dec. '01
2 mars
4 avril
3 mai
4 juin
27 aofit
19 mars
7 aovlt
21 sept.
5 fev.
11 mai
6 ans
2 „
5 M
5 „
4 P
4 .,
4 „
4 M
3 M
2 n I
3 ans. 128 avril
04 15 avril
'021 (Jjuil.
'03'22 dec.
'05 18 sept
'03,22 dec.
'00i]5 mars
'04,27 sept.
'02 10 juin
'01 8 mai
'02 4 fev.
'03 11 avril
03 20 juin
'03:19 juil.
03 1 11 mars
'04 9 juin
04 6 juil
05 ■"'
'05 *
'04
05*
'04 [ Reinis.sion de
1 coupsde fouet.
10
27 Mag. stip.,Halifax,N.-E.
Supreme, Sydney, N.-E.
11 St-Jean, N.-B.
Windsor, N.-E.
Comte, Kentville, N.-E
Supreme, Windsor, N.-E.
Assises, St-Jean, N.-B.
24 .
20 .
..i24
3
2i
10
4 a.
1. tl7
M '27
M 22
1, 4
et25
•SOjrs.'
3 ans. 6
3 1, 24
3 „ 9
2 ,1 11
2 a. et 6
7 jrs. j
25 ans. 18
dec. '03
Usage d'arnies avec int.
Bris de magasin et vol . .
Vol
juin
'03
25 dec.
max
'99
22 sept.
janv
'04
10 juin
jum
'03
16 janv.
dec.
'02
22 dec.
mars
03
0 mai
nov.
'03
4 fev.
mai
'04
9 juin
fev.
'04
14 juil.
Oct.
'94
16 oct.
janv
'04
4 fev.
juil.
'04
19 juil.
jum
03
15 avril
„
'04
27 sept.
,,
'03
22 dec.
aoftt
'03
6 juil.
juil.
'03
18 janv.
„
'04
12 avril
mars
'04
20 juin
Oct.
'03
16 mai
jum
'03
4 fev.
sept.
'03
31 juil.
10 fev.
'05
'04
■05
'05
,'05
'04
'05
'05
'05
'05
04
'05
'05
'05
'05
'04
'05
'05
"05
'05
'05
'05
'05
*Sent. com. a 15 mm-
Comte M
Police, Halifax, N.-E.
Comte. Hampton, N.-B.
Circuit, St-Jean, N.B.
Comte, Sydney, N.-E.
Kentville, N. E.
Police, Halifax, N.-R.
Comte, Sydney, N.-E.
Halifax, N.-E.
Comte, Port- Hood,
N.-E.
Sui)ieme Sydney, N.-E.
Comte, Dorchester. N.-B,
Pohce, Halifax, N.-E.
Mag. stip. .. II
Supreme, St-Jean. N.B.
Cumte, Dalhousie, h
Police, Woodstock, m
Comte, Halifax, N.-E.
Supreme, Sydney, m
Assises, Woodstock, N-B
Comte, Digby, N.-E.
Supreme, Sj'dney, u
II Victoria, h
II Sydney, m
Police,Fredericton,|N. -B.
Comte, St-Jean, h
i> Amherst, N.-E.
Sydney,
Supreme, Amherst, n
a Deux ans et 20 coups de fouet.
*h Liberation sur parole ]iour un mois devant etre annulee si le prisonnier ne retourne pas en Irlande.
*c Libere sur parole a condition que le prisonnier ne retourne pasau Cap-Breton avant le ler jnin 190,6;
* Liberes sur parole.
17—191
292
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table VII. — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during the
year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to the
following prisons.
(P.E.I.,N.S. cl-N.B.)
Provincial Penitentiary, Dorche.ster, N.B. — Concluded.
CRIME.
Sen-
tence.
Date of
Sentence
or
Commit-
tal.
Pardon
or
Commuta
tion.
Conditions
upon which Pardon
or Commutation
was granted.
Age
and
Sex.
MF
By
what Court
tried.
Theft.
and receiving stolen
goods
from the person . . .
2iyrsFeb. 1,'04
1,'04
i ,, 11,'04
July 4, '04
,, (),'04
I Dec. 1,'04
M 11, '03
July 30, '03
[Dec. 1,'04
Mar. 3, '04
Dec. 30,
„ 30,
n 30,
May 30,
Apr. 14,
July 22,
Dec. 22,
Jan. 16,
July 22,
6, '05
24
30
24
25
24
18
37
21
18
51
■■
Supreme, Sydney, N.-S.
1. Summer.side, PEI
Assize, St. John, N.B.
Stip. Mag. Halifax, N.S.
Supreme, Summerside,
P.E.I,
Police, Halifax, N.S.
Common Jails.
Charlottcloivn jail —
Assault and occasion-
ing actual bodily
harm.
Halifax Count}/ jail-
Indecent assault
Keeping dis orderly
house.
Keejjing baudy hcuse
Theft ■
II and escape. . . .
Yarmouth jail —
Assault with intent to
wound.
Infraction of Canada
Temp. Act.
6 mos
6 ,.
6 n
1 yr.
9 mos
liyrs
1 yr.
Oct. 26, '04
Jan. 23, '05
Junel0,'05
Aug. 18, '04
„ 4, '04
Mar. 2, '04
Dee. 20, '04
Junel9,'05
„ 22, '05
Apr. 18, '05
Dec. 22, '04
May 8, '05
Jan. 2,'05 July31,'05
Junel7,'04
Mar. 4, '05
33, . . jStip. Mag. Charlotte-
town, P.E.I.
37 ..
.26
120
County, Halifax, N.S.
Stip. Mag.
II Yarmouth, N.S.
British Columbia Penitentiary.
Aiding and abetting in
committing a felony
Arson
Burglary, housebreaking
and assault
Fraud
Sheep stealing
Shopbreaking and theft.
Theft
lOyrs.
3 II
6 I,
3 II
4 II
4 II
4 I.
3 ,1
4 II
July 3, '02 Jan. 16, '05
Feb. 20,'03'junel0,'05
Apr. 26,'OljJan. 18, '05
Feb. 9,'04|july C,'05
July24,'03SeDt.27,'05
II 24, '03: II 27, '05
I, 24, '03: II 27, '05
II 20, "03 Mar. 10, '05
Oct. 7, '02 Sept. 27, '05
39
52
40
23
28
35
25
26
41
Territorial, Dawson, Y.T.
County, Vancouver, B.C.
Supreme, Victoria, B.C.
County, Vancouver, B.C.
Nanainio, B.C.
Territorial, Dawson, Y.T.
Supreme, Clinton, B.C.
{Prov. of Brit. Columbia.)
Common Jails.
Kamloops jail —
Manslaughter
Nelson jail —
) yr..
3 mos
6 II
July 14, '04
Mar. 30, '05
Sept. 26, '04
Dec. 22, '04
May 8, '05
Dec. 22, '04
46
?9
Assize, Barker ville, B.C.
County, Fernie, B.C.
Obstructing peace offi-
cer.
»
26
Stip. Mag., Cran brook, BC
a Fine of $50 in each of five cases and in default of payment two months in jail in each case.
* Released on ticket of leave.
STATISTIQUE CRIMT N ELL E, 190 5. 293
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableau VII. — Cas oii le droit de grace a ete exerce durant I'annee finissaut le 30
septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes.
(/. du P. E.. N.S. Jb N.B.) Penitencier provincial— Dorchester, N.-B. — Fin.
CRIME.
Sen-
tence.
Date de
Sentence ,i Pardon
ou
commuta-
ou
emprison
nement.
tion.
Conditions sur
lesqiielles le pardon
ou commutation a
ete accord e.
Age
et
sexe.
H'F
Par
quelle cour mis en
jugement.
Vol 2ians.
„ .... M
M 3'
\2h
\2
\2
3
.3
et recel d'objets voles 3
sur la personne 3
fev.
juil.
dec.
juil.
dec.
3 mars '04
dec
mai
avril
juil.
dec.
janv.
juil.
'0.5
Supreme, Sydnej', N.E.
.. Summerside, I-P-E
Assises, St- Jean, N.-B.
Mag. stip, Halifax, N. -E .
Supreme, Summerside,
I. du P.-E.
Police, Halifa.x, N.-E.
Prisons communes.
6 mos.
Pr. de Charlottetown-
Voies de fait causant
des blessures corpo-
relles. -
Pr. du comte. d' Halifax—
Attentat a la pudeur.
Tenant une maison dejG n
desordre. [
II .1 M il an.
Vol |9 mos.
M et evasion .... . . j Hans.
Prison de Yarmouth —
Voies de fait avec in-1 n
tention de blessure.
Contrav. aux lois de a . . .
temper, du Canada. I
26 oct. '04
20 dec. '04
19 juin '05
22 ,1 '05
IS avril '05
23 janv. '05
10 juin '05
18 aoftt. '04
4 M '04 22 dec. '04
2 mars '04 8 mai '05
2 janv. '05 31 juil. '05
17 juin "04 4 mars '05
33
37
Mag. stipend., Charlotte-
town, I. du P.-E.
Comte, Halifa.x, X.-E.
Mag. stip
Yarmouth,
Penitencier de la Colombie-Britannique.
Aidant et excitant a 10 an s 3 juil. '02 16 janv. '05
commettre un crime.
Incendie |3
EfiFraction de nuit,bris de|6
maison et voies de fait!
Faux
Vol de moutons.
Bris de niagasin et vol .
Vol
20 fev. "03
26 avril '01
9 fev.
24 juil.
24 .1
24 M
'20 „
[ 7 oct.
10 juin
18 janv.
'05 1*
'05*
'04 6 juil.
'03127 sept.
'03'27 ..
'03(27 '<
'03 10 mars
'02 27 sept.
Territoriale, Dawson.
Comte, Vancouver.
Supreme, Victoria.
Comte, Vancouver.
II Nanaimo.
Tt-.rritoriale, Dawson.
Supreme, Clinton.
(Prov. de la Col.-Britannique.)
Prisons communes.
Prison de Kamhops —
Homicide non premid'e
Prison dc Nelson —
Voies de fait
Obstruant une oflScier
de la paix.
I an . .
3 mois
6 .1
14 juil. '04
30 mars '05
26 sept. '04
22 dec. '04
8 mai '05
22 dec. '04
46
29
26!..
Assises, Barkerville.
Comte, Fernie.
Mag. stip., Cran brook.
a Amende de $50 dans chacun des cinq cas, et a defaut de paiement deux mois de prison dans chaque
* Liberes sur parole.
294
CRIMINAL STATISTICS — 19 0 5.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table VII. — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during the
year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to the
following pri.sons.
(Prov. of Brit. Columbia.)
Common jails — Concluded.
CRIME.
D.\TE OF
Sen-
tence. Sentence
I or
I Commit-
tal.
Pardon
or
Commuta-
tion.
Conditions
upon which pardon
or Commutation
was granted.
Age
and
Sex.
MiF
By
what Court
tried.
New Westminster jail —
Theft
Unlawful wounding. . .
Vancou vcr jail —
Carnally knowing a
girl under 14 yrs.
Vagrancy
Victoria jail —
Killing a cow.
1 yr..
Gmos
6 M
r ir
6 ..
18 .,
Oct. 18,'04Sept.27,'05
Nov. 2, '04 July 3, '05
Oct. 19, '03 Jan. 6, '05
Aug.27,'04 Nov.26,'04
M 27, '04 ,. 26, '04
.- 27, '04 „ 26, '04
Jan. 20, '05 j Apr. 15, '05
Oct. 7, '03 Jan. 16, '05
'25 . .
28..
120 I'sh's remitted by 2l' .
Gov. Gen., Mar. 16, '04
22 .
22
19
15
24
Police, Vancouver, B.C.
Assize, M
Police, « 1'
Victoria, B.C.
Manitaba Penitentiarj'.
Being intoxicated while
tvn duty as railway
on
enginee. .
Breaking, entering and
stealing.
Cattle stealing
Damaging property
False pretences .
Horse stealing. .
II .1 and theft
Killing a calf with intent
to st^al.
Perjury
Rape
Rape, attempted
Robbery
Shooting with intent . . .
Theft
Uttering and trying to
forcibly break out of,
his cell with intent to
escape. i
2 yrs.
3 M
4
2
2
2
2
2
3
5
4
3
3 yrs.
3 n
3 M
5 II
610 M
2 1-
2 I,
1 yr..
3 yrs.
Sept. 20, '04i Apr. 3, '05
Jan. 7, '04 Sept. 27, '05
Mar.r
Nov. / ,
II 7,
" 7,
7,
" 7,
Dec. 13,
Oct. 4,
„ 4,
Feb. 5,
n 5,
July 22,
Jan. 18,
Nov. 14,
I, 14,
May 14,
'04 Apr. 11, '05
'03 .. 11, "Do
'03 I. 11, '05
'03 May 8, '05
'OS M 8, '05
'03 „ 8,'05
04 Sept. 27, '05
'02 Oct. 21, '04
'02: ., ^\;QA
'04 Mar. 15, '05
'04 M 15, '05
'03 Jan. 16, '05
'04 July 6, "05
'03 May 23,05
'03 July 6, '05
'04 JunelO,'05
Mar. 7, '03 Mar. 10, '05
July 13, '03 June 10, '05
Nov. 8,"02Dec. 22,'04
Mar. 13, '05 July 3,05
M 20, '00 May 20, '05
July 29,'03 Dec. 22,04
Oct. 5,"04 June22,05
May26,'04 Dec. 22,04/
Nov. 3, '03 Sept 27, '05;
29
19
Supreme, Regiiia, N. W. T.
White wood.
Maple Creek,
Yorkton,
II Majjle Creek,
M Regina,
II MacLeod,
II Edmonton,
,1 Carlyle,
.1 MacLeod,
Supr., Calgary, N.W
McLeod II
II Edmonton t.
King's B., Winnipeg,Man
Queen's « «
Police 11 II
Supr., Regina, N.W.T.
I Moosomin h
1 Calgary n
*(i 23 months and 160 lashes.
h And 75 lashes in three whippings.
* Released on ticket of leave.
8TATISTIQUE C R I M IN ELLE — 1 905 . 295
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
Tableau VII. — Cas ou le droit de grace a ete exerce durant I'annee finissant le 30
septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons saivantes.
(Prov. de la Col.-Britannique. )
Prisons communes — Fin.
CRIME.
Sen-
tence.
Sentence
ou
j emprison-
I nement.
Date de Age
Conditions et
j lesquelles le pardon sexe,
ou commutation a
ete accorde.
Pardon
ou
commuta-
tion.
H
Par
quelle cour mis en
jugement.
1 an.
1 „ .
18 oct.
2 nov.
Prison dc N. Westminster
Vol
Blessures
Prison de Vancouivr —
Commerce charnel avec!*a .
une fille audessous
de 14 ans.
Vagabondage j6 mois|27 aoflt
I(j ,. !27 M
6 „
16 >,
Prison de Victoria — j
Tuant une vache !l8 «
19 oct. '03
04
04
27 .. '04
20 janv.'05
7 oct. '03
27 sept. '05
3juil. '05
6 janv.'05
2G nov. '04
26 M '04
23 „ '04
15 avril '05
16 janv.'05
1 20 Coups de fouet '.
remis par Gov. -Gen.
mars 16, '04.
25
28
21
22
22
19
15
24
Police, Vancouver.
Assises, II
Police, II
Victoria.
Penitencier du Manitoba.
Etant en etat d'ivresse
pendant qu'il etait en
devoir comme ingeni-
eur d'une locomotive.
Effraction, entree et vol.
Vol de betail. . . .
Domraage a la propriete
Faux pretextes.
Vol de chevaux.
et vol. .
Tuant un veau avec in
tention de vol.
Parjure
Viol
Viol tentative de
Vol ,
Usage d'armes'avec in-
tentions.
Vol
3 ant
Menace et tentative de^
bris de cellule avec
Tin tention de s'evader
b\0,.
20 sept. '04
7 janv.
1 7 mars
7 nov
3 avril '05
04 27
0411
sept,
avril
7 I.
7 I.
13 dec.
1 oct.
4 ,1
5 fev.
5 II
22 ju.l.
18 janv.
14 nov.
14 ,1
.14 mai
7 mars
13 juil.
8 nov.
13 mars
20 II
29 juil.
j'Pbct.
26 mai
3 nov.
sept,
oct.
janv
juil.
mai
juil.
juil.
10 mars '05
10 juin '05
22 dec. '04
3 juil. '05
20 Uiai '05
22 dec. '04
22 juin '05
22 dec. '04
03 27 sept. "05
29
Supreme, Regina.
Whitewood.
Maple-Creek.
Yorkton.
II Maple-Creek.
II Regina.
11 MacLeod.
II Edmonton.
[ II Carlyle.
I II MacLeod.
Supreme, Calgary.
II MacLeod.
I II Edmonton.
B. du Roi Winnipeg.
jB. de la Reine, Winnipeg
Police, Winnipeg,
j Supreme Regina.
II Moosomin.
II Calgary.
*a 23 mois et 160 coups de fouet.
b Et 75 coups de fouet en trois fouettements.
* Liberes sur parole.
296
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1 9 05.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
Table VII. — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during
the year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to the
following prisons.
(Province of Manitoba.)
Portage la Prairie Reformatory.
CRIME.
Sen-
tence.
Dat
Sentence
or
Commit-
tal.
E OF
Pardon
or
Commuta
tion.
Conditions
upon which Pardon
or Con:mutation
was granted.
Age
and
Sex.
By
what Court
tried.
Shopbreaking and theft.
Theft
2yrs.
3 .,
I':
3 n
.JuIyl8,'04Dec..3C,'04
May22,'05|July31,'05
M 9,'04 .. 14,'05
Sept 20, '04 „ 15, "05
M 20, '04 „ 15, '05
17
15
19
13
15
Police, Winnipeg-, Man.
(Province of Manitoba')
Common Jails.
commit
Brandon jail —
Attempt to
suicide
Shopbreaking and theft
SmosSept. 7, '04
'04
Oct. 22,'04
May 8, '05
I yr. & July 18,
II ms.
Theft 6mos Aug. 23, '04 [Dec. 14, '04
Winnipeg jail — |
Assaultanddrunkennessla .... Apr. 24,
Forgery I 1| yrs Mar.21,
'13mosNov. 8,
1 yr.. Sept 15,
6mos'Aug.25,
'05 June 3, '05
04 Jan. 16, '05
'04 June 9, '05
'04Mav24,'05
'04ljan. 16,'05
18
18
20
27
20
22
24
23
..
Police, Brandon.
Winnipeg.
County Brandon.
Police, W^innipeg.
County, ••
Common -Jails — North-west territories.
Dawson jail —
Receiving stolen goods
Theft.......
Prince Albert jail —
Obtaining money un-
der false pretences .
Rape, attempted
Rcgina jail —
Assault
Assaulting a police
constable
Cattle stealing
Concealing cattle
Obtaining goods under
false pretences.
Receiving stolen money
Selling mtoxicants to
Indians.
Stealing .
lomos Apr. 6, '04
Aug. 1,'04!
2yrs,
2 ..
9mos
May 20, '05
Oct. 20, '041
July 10, '03
May 27, '04
Theft
lyr..;Apr.2.3,'04
/.GmosOct. 24, '04
2yrs.
1 yr..
1 „
18 mos
1 yr.
6 mos
1 M
1 M
6 mos
Aug. 1'03
Mav31,'04
Aug. 1,'04
Junel6,'04
Feb. 22, '05
Jan. 21,'05 *.
Dec. 22, '04*.
Mar. .30, '05 . .
jj 10, '05*.
Feb. 10, '051..
., 10,'05,*.
May20,'03j*.
June22,'05
Mar. 24, '05
Aug. 1, '04 May 20, "05
Nov. 12, '04 Apr. 15, '05
Dec. 2V'04
June21,'04
Nov. 21, '04
Mar. 6, '05
14, '05
June 5, '05
M 26, '05
M 22, '05
43 . . J. P's, Dawson,
51 1.. Territorial, Dawson.
41 1. . Supreme, Macleod.
38:.. M Battleford.
22!.. II Regina.
351 . . Police, Moosejaw.
46i . . Supreme, Calgary.
3l|.. M Red Deer.
241 . . II Calgary.
43| . . Supreme, Regina.
62 . . Indian Aerent, South
Qu"Appelle.
38 . . Supreme, Calgary.
22t.. .1 Regina.
25i..
2)... II Majjle Creek.
20 . . I. Regina.
30l..
a Fine 825 and $2 . 25 costs or two months for assault and S3 fine and .S3 co.sts for drunkenness and
disorderly conduct.
b And 897 tine and 82.50 costs or in default of payment 6 additional months,
c Fine of .8100 and .89.50 or two months.
* Released on ticket of leave.
STATISTIQUE CRIMINELL E— 1 9 0 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
297
Tableau VII — Cas ou le droit de grace a ete exerce durant I'annee finissant le 30
septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes.
fProv. de Manitoba.)
Ecole de reform^;—
Portage-la-Prairie.
Sen-
tence.
Date de
Condition sur
Age
et
Par
CRIME.
Sentence
ou
emprison-
nement.
Pardon
ou
commuta-
tion.
ou commutation a i
ete accord e.
■HJF
quelle tour mis en
jugement.
l^ijuil '04 -^n rlpn '04
17
Police, Winnipeg.
Vol '.'.
3 M
3 M
22 mai '05
9 ,. '04
20 sept. '04
20 „ '04
31 juil. '05
14 ,. '05
15 .. '05
15 .. '05
l.T
19
|13
15
( Prov. de Manitoba.)
Prisons communes.
Prison de Brnndon — ;
Tentative de suicide. . 3mos
7 sept. '04 22 oct. '04
Bris de magasin et vol 1 anet'lS juil. '04 8 mai
11 m.
'05
Vol I 6mos|23 aoiit '04 14 dec. '04
Prison de Winnipeg —
Voies de fait et ivresse a 24 avril '((p 3 juin. '05
Faux jl^ans. '21 mars'04 16 janv.'Ool
1 13mos 8 nov. '04 9 juin. "05'
1. 1 an . 15 sept. '04124 mai. 05;
n I 6mosj25 aotit '04il6 janv.'OoJ
18 Police, Brandon.
Comte,
Police,
Comte
Winnipeg.
Brandon.
Winnipeg.
Prisons communes — Territoires du Nord-ouest.
Prison de Dawson —
Recel d'objets voles. . .
Vol
Prison dePrince Albert —
Obtention d "argent sous
de faux pretextes.
Viol, tentative de
Prison de Rcjinci, —
Voies de fait
11 sur
agent de police.
Vol de bestiaux
Recel de bestiaux
Obtention d"effets sous
faux pretextes
Recel d 'argent vole. . .
Vente de boisson aux
sauvages.
Vol
15mos
2ans.
6 avril 0420 mai
1 aoilt '04 1 20 oct.
2ans. 10 juil. '03 21 janv.'OS * 41
9mos;27 mai '0422 dec. '04* 3S
1 an [23 avril '04130 mars'05
66mos 24 oct. '04 10 m '05
2ans.
1 1.
1 1,
ISmos
1 aoiU '03110 fev. "05
31 mai '04|l0 ,. '05
1 aoat '04!20 mai '05
16 juin '04 22 juin '05
22 fev. '05 24 mars '05 ,
Ian. 1 aoClt '04 20 mai '05 . .
6mos 12 nov. '04 15 avril '05 . .
Ian. 21 dec. '04 14 .. '05*
1 M 21 juin '04 5 juin '05 ..
1 1. 21 nov. '04 26 m '05*
6mos 6 mars '05,22 n ^051*
J. de P. Dawson.
iTerritoriale, Dawson.
Supreme, ^lacLeod.
Battleford.
11 Regina.
Police, Moosejaw.
Supreme, Calgary.
■I Red- Deer.
Calgary.
Supreme, Regina.
Agent de.s sauvag.,South-
Qu'Appelle.
Supreme, Calgary.
I 11 Regina.
; 11 ^laple-Creek.
I 11 Regina.
a Amende de -825 et S2.25 de frais ou deux mois pour voies de fait, et amende de -53 et S3 de frais pour
ivresse et mauvaise conduite.
h Et -897 d'amende et -82.. 50 de frai.s, ou a defaut de jjaiement six moi.« additionnels.
0 Amende de -8100 et 89.. 50 ou deux mois.
* Liberes sur parole.
298
CRIMINAL STATISTICS— 1905.
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
J
Table VII. — Cases in which the Prerogative of Mercy has been exercised during
the year ended the 30th September, 1905, in favour of prisoners committed to
the following prisons.
Guard Rcxjras. Northwest Territorie.s.
CRIME.
Sen-
teace.
Date of
Sentence
or
Commit-
tal.
Pardon
Commuta-
tion.
Conditions
u])on which Pardon
or Commutation
was granted.
Age
and
Sex.
MF
By
what Court
tried.
Cahjary guard room —
Assisting constable to
desert.
Drunkenness
Having liquor in his
possession.
Fo)-t Saskatcheican. guard
room —
Unlawful wounding. .
Lithhridge guard room —
Selling liquor tolndians
Macleod guard room —
Vagrancy ...
Maple Creek guard room-
Larceny
Rcaina guard room —
Theft
White Horse guard room-
Perjury.
6mos
3 H
6 „
6 M
6 „
4 ..
3yrs.
6mos
2yrs.
Nov. 28, "04
Aug.25,'04
July 30, '04
Dec. 6, '04
May2C,'05
Nov. 28, '04
June23,'04
May 5, '05
Apr. 8, '04
Jan.28,'05 19.
Oct. 17, '041
u 16, '04;
Apr. 3, '05
June20,'05|
Dec. 27, '041
Oct. 3, '04
July 6, '05
Junel0,'05
J.P's., Calgarv.
34' . .iPolice, Mofjsejavv.
30 ..J.P's., Calgary.
44 . . ! King's Bch.,Wetaskiwin.
54 . . J.P's., Lethbridge.
II Pincher Creek.
.. I Supreme, Maple Creek.
J.P., Estivan.
27! . . 'Police, White Hoise.
30;..
21
23
Freedom Granted to Ticket of Leave Men.
British Columbia peniten,-\ j j 1
tiarji. j I I
Forgery 4 yrs. Oct. 24, '01 Sept 24, '04 Unconditional free-
1 I I dom granted. Mar.
10, 1905.
Nov. 3, "03 May 2, '04 Dispensed from re-
porting change of
Theft 3
12
Kingston penitentiary —
Arson
Highway robbery with
violence.
■Stealing money letters 6
May 21, '97
Aug.2l,'03
Apr. 2, '02
Dec. 5, '02
Apr. 18, '04
Aug. 8, '03
residence, Feb. 4, '05
Unconditional free-
dom granted, Feb.
4, 1905.
Unconditional r e -
lease granted, Apr.
19, 1905.
Unconditional free-
dom granted, May
4, 1905.
21
23
40
23
26
Police, Grand Forks, B.C.
County, Vernon, B.C.
Assize, Orangeville, Ont.
Police, Port Arthur, Ont.
Police, Toropto, Ont.
Death Sentences Comumted during the Year ended September 30, 1905.
Murder.
iDeath Sept 28, "051 Dec. 4, '05 [Life imprisonment.
. Dec. 14, '04 May 6,'05|
. Nov.21,'04l.Jan. 23, '051
|Oct. 7, '04
.: „ 18, '01
.; Aug. 23. '05
Dee. 5, '04
Nov. 21, '04 i
i Confined in asylum.
45
35
47
23
i
24
..I
n.g
Assize, Brantford, Ont.
King's Beh. , Sherbrooke, Q
I, Montreal, Q.
Assize, Sandwich, Ont.
Sault St. Marie, O.
Brantford, Ont.
* Released on ticket of leave.
STATISTIQUE CRI.MINELLE— 1905.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
299
Tableau VII. — Cas ou le droit de grace a ete exerce durant Fannee finissant le 30
septembre 1905, en faveur des prisonniers envoyes aux prisons suivantes.
Postes de ix)lice, Territoires de Nord-Ouest.
CRIME.
Sen-
tence.
Date de
Sentence Pardon
ou I ou
emprison- commuta-
nement. tion.
Conditions sur
lesquelles le pardon
ou commutation a
ete accorde.
Age
et
sexe.
HF
Par
quelle cour mis en
jugement.
Postc de Police, CaJgary-^
Aidant un agent de 6mos
pol. a deserter. •
Ivress"^'
Ayant de la bois. en
sa possession.
P. de pol. , Fort-Suskatche-
v:an —
Blessures
P. de pol. , Lethhridge —
V'ente de bois. aux Sau.
P. depol., Macleod —
Vagalx)ndage
P. de pol.. Maple Creek-
Vol
P. de pol., Regina —
Vol
P. depol.. White Horse-
Parjure
6 ..
6 .,
4 ..
3 ans
6nios
2 ans
28 nov. '04
28 janv.'05
25 aoiit '04 17 oct. '04
30 juin '04 16 ,. 'U4
(> dec. '04
26 mai \ 5
28 nov. '04
23 juin 04
5 mai '05
8 avril '04
19
34 .
30 .
3 avril '05 * 44[
20 juin '05 54 .
27 dec. '04 30 .
3 oct. '04: 2l'.
6 juil. '05| j23 .
10 juin '051 127;.
J. de P., Calgary.
Police, Moosejaw.
J. de P., Calgary.
B. du Roi, Wetaskiwin.
.J. de P., Lethbridge.
M Pincher-Creek.
Supreme, Maple-Creek.
J. de P., Estivau.
Police, White-Horse.
Liberte accordee aux liberes sur parole.
Pimttncier de la Col.-
Britannique —
Faux
Vol
PeniUncier de Kingston-
Incendie.
Vol de grand chemins
avec violence.
Vol de lettres chargees
4 ans
3 M
12 M
24 oct. '01 24 sept. '04
3 nov. '03|2 mai '04
21 mai '97 5 dec. '02
I
Liberte non condi-
tionnelle accordee,
10 mars '05.
Dispense de faire 1
rapport du change-
ment de residence.
Liberte non condi-
tionnelle accordee,
4 fev. '04.
2 11 24 aoClt '03 18 avril '04 Liberte non condi-
tionnelle accordee,
19 avril '05.
6 IT 2 avril '02 8 aout OS'Liberte non condi- 26
I tionnelle accordee,
I 4 mai '05.
21
23
40
23
26
1
Police, Grand Forks.C-B.
Comte, Vernon, C.-B.
Assises, Orangeville,Ont.
Police, Port -Arthur.
f. Toronto.
Sentences de mort commuees durant I'annee finissant le 30 sept. 1905.
Meutr
Mort.
28 sept. '05:4 dec. '05
14 dec. '04 6 mai '05
21 nov. '04J23janv.'05
7 oct. '04 5 dec. '04
18 „ '04|21 nov. '04
23 aout '051
Emprisonnem. a vie 45
. '35
..^47
. |23
. . j24
Intemeedansunasile . . i
. . ' Assises, Brantford, Ont .
. . B. du Roi, .Sherbrooke.Q.
. . ' 1. Montreal, Q-
.j Assises, Sandwich, Ont.
.. M Sault-Ste-Marie,0.
n.di " Brantford, Ont.
Libere sur parole.
300
INDEX
5-6 EDWARD VII., A. 1906
INDICTABLE OFFENCES.
Abduction
Abortion and attempt to procure abortion
Arson
Assault, aggravated
Assaul t and batteiy
Assault and obstructing peace officer
Assault and robbery
Assault, indecent "
Assault on females
Attempt and carnally knowing a girl of tender years
Bigamy
Bringing stolen property into Canada
Burglary and having burglar's tools
Carnall,y knowing an imbecile woman
Carrying unlawful weapons
Concealing birth of infants
Conspiracy
Currency, "offences against
Deserting child
• Electoral Act, violation of
Embezzlement
Endangering the safety of passengers on railways
False pretences
Feloniously receiving and in possession of stolen property.
Forcible entry
Forgery and uttering forged documents
Fraud and conspiracy to defraud
Gambling and lottery Acts, oflFences against.
Horse, cattle and sheep stealing ,
House and shopbreaking
Incest
. Page 26 and
. H 0
. M 12f;
. M 42
. .- 54
. - 50
. „ 82
. ., 18
. „ 38
. M 22
. ,. 34
M 86
. M 70
, „ 10
M 138
.. 6
„ 142
. ,. 134
. M 10
. M 142
„ '.'0
„ 34
. M 90
. M 98
. M 146
. ,. 134
M 102
„ 146
. M 102
M 74
. M 22
Indecent exposure and other offences against public morals . m 150
Larceny
Larceny from dwelling houses
Larceny from the person
Libel .......^ .. ..
Malicious injury to Iiorses, cattle and other wilful damage to property
Manslaughter
Murder
Murder, attempt at
Perjury and subornation of perjury.
„ 106
„ 118
M 118
„ 10
M 130
,. 6
M 2
M 2
„ 150
Prison breach, escape and attempt to escape from prison n 154
Rape . , ,
Rape, attempt at
Refusing to support family
Revenue laws, offences against
Riot and affray
Robbery and demanding with menaces
Robbery, highway
Seduction
Shooting, stabbing, wounding
Sodomy and bestiality ....
Stealing registered letters and other mail matters
Suicide, attempt at
Various offences against the person
Various other misdemeanours
Warehouse and freight car breaking
14
14
62
158
162
82
78
26
30
10
122
162
66
166
"86
following to 33
29
129
49
6.5
57
89
25
45
29
41
13
145
9
145
137
13
145
93
37
97
101
149
141
105
149
109
81
25
153
121
121
125
13
133
9
5
9
157
161
17
17
69
105
165
85
85
29
35
13
125
165
73
169
8»
INDEX
301
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
DELITS JUSTICIABLES D'UN JURY,
Agression avec voies de fait Page 54 et
Attentat a la pudeur
Avortement et tentative d'avortement
Bigamie
Bris de maisons et de magasins
Bris d'entrepdts et de wagons de fret. .
Commerce charnel avec line imbecile . . ,
Conspiration 'i 142
Delits contre le revenu de TEtat !
Desertion d 'enf ants
Detournement
Divers autres dejits
Dommages malicieux aux chevaux, bestiaux, etc
Effets voles apportes au Canada .
Emeute et tumulte
Enlevement -
Entree forcee
Exposant au peril les voyageurs sur les chemins de fer .^
Exposition indecente et autres delits contre la morale publique
Eaux et emission de faux documents - .
Faux pretextes . .
Eraude et conspiration de f raude
Homicide non premedite
Incendie criminel .■
Inceste
Infraction a la loi electorale
Infraction aux lois defendant le jeu et les loteries
Infraction aux lois des prisons, evasion, tentative et aide d'evasion .
liarcin
Libelle
Meurtre ... .
Meurtre, tentative de
Monnaie, delits par rapport a la monnaie
Outrages divers contre la personne
Parjure et subornation de parjure . . .
Port darmes illegal
Recel et en possession d'objets voles
Refus de pourvoir aux besoins de la famille
Seduction .
Sodomie et bestialite '
Suicide, tentative de
Suppression d'enfants
Tentative et commerce charnel avec une fille en bas age
Usage d'armes avec intention criminelle
Viol
Viol, tentative de
Voies de fait et faisant obstacle a un officier de la paix
Voies de fait et vol
Voies de fait graves et lesions corporelles
Voies de fait sur fenimes
Vol avec effraction et ayant en possession des outils de voleur
Vol dans des maisons habitees
Vol de chevaux, betail et nioutons. ...
Vol de grands chemins
A^ol de lettres chargees et autres niatieres postales
Vol et demandes avec menaces
Vi '1 sur la personne . . . .'
' 54 et suivantes a 65
18
25
0
9
34
41
74
81
86
89
10
13
142
145
158
165
10
13
90
93
166
169
130
133
86
89
162
165
26
33
146
149
34
37
150
153
134
141
90
97
102
105
6
9
126
129
22
25
142
145
146
149
154
161
106
121
10
13
2
5
2
9
134
137
66
73
150
157
138
145
98
101
62
69
26
29
10
13
162
165
6
9
22
29
30
35
14
17
14
17
50 ~ .
57
82
89
42
49
38
45
70
1 77
118
121
102
109
78
85
122
125 .
82
8.3
118
125
302 INDEX.
5-6 EDWARD VII.. A. 1906
SUMMARY CONVICTIONS BY DISTRICTS.
Albert, N.B Page 200
Alberta, Northern — Nord, AFta , 241
Alberta Southern — Snd, Al'ta . . ,, 241
Algoma and Manitoulin, Ont , 2lfi
Annapolis, N.S.—N.-E ,. 192
Antigonish, N.S.—N.-E .^ 1<)2
Arthabaska, Que ,. 20c
Assiniboia, Eastern — Est, Saskat >. 242
Assiniboia Western — Ouest, Saskat ,, 242
Beaiice, Que .. 205
Beauhamois, Que ,. 206
Bedford, Que . . 206
Brant, Ont •. „ 216
British Columbia, totals of — Colombie-Britannique, totaux de la ■ • 250
Bruce, Ont. 217
Canada, totals of — tf)taux du '. . .. 252
Cape Breton, N.S.—N.-E. . , ., i;i3
Carleton, N.B ., 200
Carleton, Ont .. 217
Charlotte, N. B .. 201
Chicoutinii, Que n 207
Colchester, N.S.—N.-E... 193
Cumberland, N.S.—N.-E ., 194
Digby, N.S.—N.-E .. 194
Dufferin, Ont .. 218
Elgin, Ont 218
Essex, Ont .. 219
Frontenac. Ont ... > 219
Gaspe, Que « 207
Gloucester, N.B 201
Grey, Ont .. 220
Guysborough, N.S.—N.-E .. 195
Haidimand, Ont •■ 220
Halifax, N.S.—N.-E .. 195
Halton, Ont 2:n
Hants, N.S.—N.-E .. I'.MJ
Hastings, Ont 221
Huron, Ont - 222
Iberville, Que ,. 208
Inverness, N.S.—N.-E 196
Joliette, Que 208
Kamouraska, Que >• 209
Kent,NB m 202
Kent, Ont " 222
King's, N.B .. 202
King's, N.S.—N.-E 197
Kings, P.E.I.— I. du P.-E - 190
Lambton, Ont ■■ 223
Lanark, Ont 223
Leeds and Grenville, Ont -. 224
Lennox and Addington, Ont m 224
Lincoln, Ont " 225
Lunenburg, N.S.—N.-E « 197
Manitoba, Central — Centre , . . " 237
Manitoba, Eastern — Est < 237
Manitoba, Southern — Sud 238
Manitoba, Western — Ouest > 235
INDEX
303
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17
CONDAMNATIONS SOMMAIRES PAR DISTRICTS.
^lanitoba, totals of — totaux du
Middlesex, Ont
Montmagny, Que
Mnntrerl, Que .. •
Muskcka and Parry Sound, Ont
New Brunswick, totals of — Xouvean-Brunswick, totaux du
Xipisbing, Ont
Norfolk, One
Northumberland, N.B
Northumberland and Durham, Ont . .
Nova Scotia, totals of — Nouvelle-Ecosse, totaux de la
Ontario
Ontario, totals of — totaux d'
Ottawa, Que
Oxford, Ont
Peel, Ont
Perth, Ont
Peterborough, Ont
Pictou, N.S.— N.-E
Pontiac, Que
Prescott and Russell, Ont
Prince Edward Island, totals of — He du Prince-Edouard, totaux de 1'.
Prince Edward, Ont ... . . . .
Prince, P.E.I.— I. du P.-E
Quebec, Que
Quebec, totals of — totaux de
Queen's, N.S.— N.-E
Queen's, P. E. I.— I. du P.-E
Renfrew, Ont
Richelieu, Que
Rimouski, Que
Saguenay, Que . . .
St. Francois, Que
St. Hyaeinthe, Que
St. John, N.B
Saskatchewan, Saskat
Simcoe, Ont
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarrj', Ont
Terrebonne, Que
Territories, totals of the— Territoires, totaux des .
Trois-Ri vieres, Que
Thunder Bay and Rainy River, Ont
Vancouver, B.C.— Col. -B
Victoria, B.C.— Col.-B
Victoria, N.S.— N.-E
Victoria, Ont
Waterloo, Ont
Welland, Ont
Wellington, Ont
Wentworth, Ont
Westminster, B.C.— Col. -B
Westmoreland, N.B
Yale and Cariboo, B.C.— Col.-B
Yarmouth, N.S. — N.-E .
York, N.B ....! [, ]
York, Ont
Yukon
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