The names of the stars and constellations compiled from the Latin, Greek, and Arabic; with their ...

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THE NAMES OF THE

STARS AND CONSTELLATIONS

COMPILED FROM THE LATIN, GREEK,

AND ARABIC;

WITH THEIR DERIVATIONS AND MEANINGS :

TOGETHER WITH THE TWENTY-EIGHT MOON STATIONS,
OF THE ZODIAC, KNOWN TO THE ARABS.

BY

W. H. HIGGINS, M.B

C OdPYRipHT. ] ^ \ M

LEICESTER: SAMUEL CLARKE, 5, GALLOWTREE GATE.
LONDON : HAMILTON, ADAMS, & CO.

1882.

/S"^. j.. 7^

Samuel Clarke, Printer, 5. Gallowtree Gate, Leicester.

PREFACE.

The Author has hastily compiled the following notes
originally intended to form part of a small book, that he
hopes to publish later on, upon the Names connected with
the Stars and Constellations. He finds that otherwise he
runs every risk of being forestalled, and of losing all credit
for the arduous labours and research of many months.

Just as the Constellation, ** Cams Minor,'* was called
**Procyon** and ** AntecaniSy'* — meaning the " Precursor- Dog,"
from the fact of its rising before and giving warning of
** The Sultry Dog-Star" ** Sirius," or *^Caniculus" (whose
appearance, in turn, foretold the Rising of the Nile to the
ancient Egj^tians) — so this compilation may be looked
upon as the .Author's ^* Probiblion,*' or ** Antelibellus " — his
** Precursor book" — ^the publishing of which anticipates and
gives notice of the ** Liber '* that he is preparing upon the
" Names of the Stars and Constellations :" Latin, Greek,
Arabic, &c. (and which he trusts will not foretell the rising
of «m7").

..Certain Star- names are met with in Lists or Tables, and
on Celestial Spheres or Charts. These are apparently in
some eastern language ; since, with a few exceptions, they
are obviously not Latin, Greek, or from any modem tongue.
They appear to be put down without rule, and are often
much mutilated; probably because writers have carelessly
copied from one another from time to time, and being ignorant

of the meaning of the Names have spelt them according to
fancy and at hap- hazard.

No English writer on Astronomy seems to have had any
interest in tracing these ** Star-Names " to their original
languages, and thus assigning some meaning to them ;
though they are pretty well known to be chiefly Arabic,
however corrupted.

The compiler of this little work has endeavoured — ** non
sine magno labore*^ — to rescue. these interesting relics of past
ages, to discover the correct way of spelling them, and
thereby to elicit their original meanings.

In short, he has laboured to extricate the original names
(first bestowed probably by Arabs in the level Desert, as
they lay awake during the sultry eastern nights, and sur-
veyed in their clear skies the glittering stars in fanciful
Groups, and watched their risings and settings) from the
absurd corruptions and truncations due to thq lapse of
centuries and to ignorance of the language from which they
have been taken.

Much information has been obtained from *^ Ideler,'' a
German, who wrote a work on the Arabic Star-names in
1810, but every name has also been worked out, with some
aid from a scholar in Eastern tongues, and also indepen-
dently, from the Arabic itself and other languages.

In conclusion the compiler begs to observe, that so far as
he can learn, the meanings of the Star-names from Arabic,
&c., have never before this been published in English, and
that he here offers information not known even to students
of the Stars and Constellations, and trusts that his ** Libellus"
may interest them and meet with a favourable reception not
only from them, but from the reading public generally.

W. H. H.

Leicester, April, 1882.

CONTENTS.

r

PAGE

I

Ursa Major

. . The Great Bear

. 15

2 ^

Ursa Minor

.. The Little Bear

• 17

3

Bootes ..

. . * The Herdsman

. 18

4

' Draco ..

. . The Dragon . .

. 19

5

Hercules

. . The Kneeler . .

. 20

6

Ophiuchus

. . The Serpent-Bearer . .

. 21

7

^ Serpens . .

. . The Serpent

. 21

8

Corona Borealis .

. . The Northern Crown

. 22

9

/ Lyra

. . The Lyre

. 22

lO

Cygnus ..

. . The Swan . .

. 23

II ■

Aquila . .

. . The Eagle . .

. 24

12

Delphinus

.. The Dolphin

. 25

13

' Cepheus..

. . The King

• 25

14

Cassiopea

. . The Lady in Chair . .

. 26

15

Andromeda

.. The Chained Lady ..

. 26

i6

I Perseus .. \

. . The Lover . .

. 27

17

Pegasus . .

. . The Winged Horse . .

. 27

i8

Auriga . .

. . The Charioteer

. 28

19

20

Orion ^^ . .

. . The Hunter . .

. 29

Lepus . .

. . The Hare

. 31

21

Columba Noachi .

. . The Dove

. 31

22
23

Can is Minor

.. The Little Dog

• 31

^ Canis Major

.. The Great Dog

. 32

24

Argo Navis

. . The Ship Argo

• 33

25

r Hydra ..

. . The Water Snake

. 34

26 .

Crater . .

. . The Goblet . .

• 34

27

I Corvus . .

. . The Crow

• 34

28

Eridanus

. . The River . .

• 35

29

Cetus . .

.. The Whale ..

• 35

30

Piscis Australis .

. . The Southern Fish . .

. 36

Constellations of the Zodiac
moonstations or mansions ..

PAGE

37
37

Aries ..

. The Ram

Taurus

. The Bull

Gemini

.. The Twins ..

Cancer

. . The Crab . .

Leo ..

. . The Lion

Virgo ..

.. The Virgin ..

Libra . .

,. The Balance..

Scorpio

. . The Scorpion

Sagittarius

. . The Archer . .

Capricomus

. . The He-Goat

Aquarius

.. The Water-Bearer

Pisces..

. . The Fishes . .

40

41
42

43

43

44

45
46

47

47
48

49

Alphabetical Index of Names

51

INTRODUCTION.

It is customary among Englieh Astronomers to designate
the Constellations by their Latin names ; for example the
group of stars known as ** The Swan" is called " Cygnus,**
The Group of ** The Lion,** " Leo,** &c. ; and the stars forming
them by the letters of the Greek alphabet.

The characters and names of these letters are

a Alpha.

/3 Beta,

y Gamma.

5 Delta.

6 Epsilon.
(f Zeta.
V Eta.
Theta.
4 Iota.
K Kappa.
7c Lambda.
fi Mu.

V

Nu.

f

Xi.

Omicron.

TT

Pi.

P

Rho.

9

Sigma.

T

Tau.

V

Upsilon.

4>

Phi.

X

Chi.

t

Psi.

Q>

Omega.

8

Where possible, each of the several stars in a constella-
tion is indicated by a Greek letter — ^the largest being
denoted by the first letter of the Greek alphabet, the next
by the second letter, and so on.

These letters are employed to designate the stars of every
group, therefore it is necessary to distinguish the group to
which any star belongs, and this is done by appending the
genitive case of the Latin name of the group. Thus, the
first star of ^^-The Swan'' is known as "Alpha Cygni "
(a Cygni), the second as Beta Cygni, &c. And when (as
often happens) there are more stars in a group than the
above twenty-four Greek letters will suffice for, English
letters and numbers are employed.

The constellations have not been set down here in
alphabetical order according to their Latin names, because
those groups, related to one another by mythology or by
contiguity, being thereby separated would have had their
legendary connection rendered less obvious, and much
interest in them weakened or lost ; moreover the meanings
of some of the Arabic names would not be so readily under-
stood and acknowledged, because there are some Arabic
names attached to stars in a certain constellation, which
from their meaning prove, (or at any rate make it probable)
that a particular star, when this name was first given to it,
was regarded as belonging to a neighbouring constellation.
For instance, in the constellation ^^ Andromeda" or '^The
Chained Lady,'' the largest star "Alpha Andromedae," bears on
celestial spheres the Arabic name **Alpherat" or (Alpheratz).

This name cannot be translated so as to apply to *' An-
dromeda," but if we can believe that this star was imagined
to form the fourth in the square of the adjacent ** Winged
Horse " — " Pegasus," and was named accordingly, we can
understand the meaning of ^^ Alpheratz," and it is accordingly

derived from — Al = The, and Feras = a Horse, which clearly
apply to ^* Pegasus/* Again the star ** Pi Cygni " {n Cygni)
bears the name " Azelfafge." This is corrupted from

Al = az zilf = The hoof
Al = af Feras = of the horse.

The / of the Arabic article — Al — The, being often changed
into the same consonant as that beginning the substantive.
Thus we get — Az zilf af Feras, or by the elision of ** ^ " and
**/,*' azilfaferas, which became corrupted in the course of
time into Azelfafge.

Now this name does not apply to "The Swan,*' but
when it is seen that "The Horse" — Pegasus adjoins the
constellation of* " The Swan,'' we must believe that the leg
of "Pegasus" was once imagined to project down to the
star, '* Pi Cygni,'' and that this star belonged to ** Pegasus,"
when the name was first assigned to it.

Let us commence with " Ursa Major" or "The Great
Bear," because it is the best known generally, and was
probably the group that was first observed by ancient
peoples. There is also most lore respecting it.

2. ''Ursa Minor," "The Little Bear," should follow
naturally in the second place, both from its adjacent position
and from its resemblance to "The Great Bear," though in
a reversed position.

3. " Bootes," " The Bear- Ward," comes suitably third.

4. ''Draco," "The Dragon," can no longer be delayed,
winding between "The Bears" as it does, and comes fourth.

5. " Hercules," " The Kneeler," is described fifth ; next
after " Draco," whose head has one star in this constella-
tion.

lO

6. ** Ophiuchus;' " The Serpent- Bearer,'* is sixth. The
heads of Hercules and Ophiuchus have the two stars
** Rasalgethi and Rasalague— close together.

7. ^^ Serpens,'* "The Serpent," should be described after
the Serpent- Bearer ; (even if the two groups were not closely
intermingled) and comes seventh.

8. ** Corona Borealis,** or the " Northern Crown," comes
eighth for description, from its position.

9. **Lyraj*' "The Lyre," comes ninth for a similar
reason.

10. ** Cygnus,** " The Swan," is tKe tenth ; being
generally seen at the same time as ** Lyra;''

11. and **AquUa," or "The Eagle,** comes eleventh for
the same reason.

12. ** Delphinusj" "The Dolphin,** is conveniently
described now and is the twelfth — and now we come to the
Family Group.

13. " Cepheusy" *'* The King,**

14. " Cassiopea," his wife,

15. ** And/omeda," their daughter — or "The Chained
Lady,**

16. and ^^ Perseus," her lover; come thirteenth, four-
teenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth.

17. ''Pegasus," "The Winged Horse,** must come
seventeenth, from his et)rmological connection with ''Andro-
meda ** as explained before.

18. "Auriga," "The Charioteer,** near Perseus, is the
eighteenth.

19. "Orion;' " The Hunter,** nineteenth.

20. "Lepus," "The Hare,** twentieth, as one of the
animals Orion hunted.

II

21. ** Columha,'' " The Dove," below " Lepus " next.

22. ** Canis Minor,'' or " The Little Dog,'* not long after
the Hunter, comes twenty-second.

23. ^^ Canis Major y'' "The Greater Dog,'* should follow,
lest he be jealous of his minor, and comes twenty- third.

24. **Argo Navis,'' "The Ship Argo** or "Barque,** is
surely inseparable from the Dog (bark), and is described
twenty-fourth.

25. ^* Hydra " "The Water Snake,** extending some
one hundred degrees, longs to be described and comes
twenty-fifth.

26. ''Crater,'' " The Goblet,'* and

. 27. ''CorvuSf'* "The Crow,** being placed and perched
upon " Hydra," come twenty-sixth and seventh.

28. " Eriddnusy' " The River," may flow on the twenty-
eighth.

29. '*Cetus," "The Whale,** will feel at home near
" The River,'* and is the twenty-ninth,

30. and ** Piscis Australis," may keep his gigantic friend
company in " The Stream ** and comes last.

The twelve Constellations of the Zodiac are described
after the Moonstations and independently of the above
thirty groups, which all contain one or more stars with
Arabic names clinging to them.

These thirty constellations were all known to the Ancients,
except " Columba,** which was added by " Royer " a.d.
1680, in the seventeenth century; strangely enough, the star
" Alpha Columbae," has a name which smacks of Arabic,
PhacL

12

I have omitted " Equiileus,*' " Sagitta," "Triangulum,'*
or **Deltoton," ** Centaurus," ** Lupus," "Ara," and
** Corona Australis," as containing no stars with names ;
though these seven groups are enumerated in Cicero's
Aratus, and formed part of the forty-eight ancient asterisms
known more than two thousand years ago, comprising the
twenty-nine groups I have mentioned, seven I have omitted,
and twelve described under the Zodiac.

The Greek sphere used by Hipparchus, b.c. 125, con-
tained the forty-eight ancient asterisms ; and Ptolemy
(Claudius Ptolomaeus) has given a description of it, a.d. 170,
in his ** Megale Sjmtaxis" — or the Great Construction.
This was translated by the Saracens into Arabic in the
reign of the Kaliph Al Mamun at Bagdad, a.d. 813 to 832,
and called by them :

1. The ** Almagest** and often, ** Ptolomy's Almagest;'*
which is generally derived from the Arabic Al = the, and
Greek — megistos = greatest— or ** The Very Great Work.'*

2. The " Almagest " was first translated into Latin, a.d.
1230, under Frederick IL of Germany, and an abridgment
of it was published by John Mtiller (Regiomontanus) a.d.
1476.

3. The ancient asterisms were also described by
** Aratus,'* a Greek Poet and Astronomer of Cilicia in Asia
Minor, who wrote a " Poem on the Constellations,'* called
"The Phenomeni of Aratus,'* (from Eudoxus, an earlier
Astronomer) about 280 b.c

4. Hipparchus — who has been called the " Newton '* of
the Greeks, wrote a Commentary on Aratus, b.c 125.

5. The Poem of Aratus has been translated into Latin
by Cicero, b.c. 60, and by Caesar Germanicus, a.d. 18.

The ** Alphonsine Tables " were compiled in the reign of

13

Alphonso X., King of Castile, when Spain was under the
Moors, about a.d. 1252; it is supposed, by the aid of Arabic
and Jewish Astronomers.

Some think the Arabic names, which the stars of large
magnitude bear, on our celestial globes, were given them
probably by the Saracenic Astronomers in the ninth or
tenth centuries ; when they were cultivating and advancing
all the Sciences in the East and in Spain. They made both
catalogues and maps of the stars visible in their skies.

There are also some stars with Greek and Latin names,
which are more easily traced than those of Arabic origin.

Latin names of stars are the following : — Castor, Pollux,
Polaris, Bellatrix, Regulus Vindemiatrix, Capella, Haedi,
Aselli, Mira.

There are a few stars with Greek names ; such as

** Antares " — in Scorpio.

** Arcturus " — in Bootes.

" Cynosura " — in Ursa Minor.

" Procyon " — in Canis Minor.

** Pleiades ** and ** Hyades **— in Taurus.

N.B. — Vide Alphabetical Index, page 51.

^

^5

THE NAMES OF THE STARS FROM THE LATIN,
GREEK, AND ARABIC— WITH THEIR DERI-
VATIONS AND MEANINGS.

/. Arctos = The Bear or Amaxa, Plaustrum = Waggon,
or The Bier or Great Coffin or The Plough — also called
in "Cicero's Aratus" Septentriones = 7 Plough Oxen — and
Septentrio Major = The Greater 7 Triones by " Cicero."

Ursa Major = The Great Bear.

Al Dub al akbar = The great bear — from the Arabic
words Dub = a bear, and akbar = great.

In Hebrew — Dob = a Bear.

In Cicero's Aratus (vide Introduction) the Great Bear is
called " Helice" — from Helix = a screw, because it wheels
or turns round the Pole every twenty-four hours.

Name on charts.

Alpha
Beta

Gamma

Delta
Epsilon

The pointers.

Arabic. Meaning.

DubbSh She-bear.

(mirak
(marak

Fached

The loins.
The flank.

The thigh or
shank.

Zeta

Dubhe
Merak

Phecda
Phegda
Phad

Megrez miighraz The rump.

Aliath
Alioth
Allioth

mizar
mirza
mizat

alyat

The tail-sheep
(last)

mizar a girdle,
m^ghza a mourner,
muzat a she-goat.

i6

Eta

Name on charts,

alcaid ^
ackair
, ackiar

Arabic.
al Kaid

Epsilon '

Zeta

Eta

Benetnash =

fbanat
(nash

Meaning,
The chief.

Daughters
of the bier.

alcor al Kurb

f as suka ) i

iassuha I ^^ ^^^^

Saidak Saidakik

from f Sai

tdakik

The near one.

The dim one.

The test of the
minute.

Test.
Minute, small.

Nu
Xi

Lambda
Mu

Iota
Kappa

I ^ I alula
J I acola

1

The 3 I
pairs j

Tania

al awla ... The first

(leap)

al tania... The second

(leap)

Talitha al Talitha The third

(leap)

Kephrah \ Kafzah ... The leaps

Phechrah J

(Corrupt) and,aldziba of the gazelles.

The 4 stars were called by Ulugh Beigh — ad dhahr —

The back.

17

Arabic. Hebrew.
The 4 stars of the square = Nash = Aish, or Ash = The bier.

,,3 ,, tail = banat = (Daughters

tor mourners.

Hebrew — Banoth = Daughters.

//. The Little Bear, Little Waggon, or Little Coffin ; or
Septentrio Minor = Lesser y Triones.

Ursa Minor = The Little Bear.
The "Little Bear'* is called "Cynosura" in Cicero's
Aratus-from jg^ -?af 1
Literally " The Dog's Tail = or " Cynosure."

Arabic Names.
Al Dub al asghar = The Lesser Bear ; and al Rakubah
= The Chariot.

Hebrew — Rekeb = waggon.

Name on charts. Latin. Meaning.

Alpha Polaris, or polus The pole star.

Stella polaris ... (axis)

Arabic.
Beta Kochab Kawkab .^. The star.

The Hebrew is, Kokab = a star.

(Full name) = Kawkab ... The star.

ash shemali The northern.
Beta and gamma are The Guards of the Pole, or The
Shafts of the Little Waggon.

B

i8

///. Bootes = The Waggoner, or The Ploughman.
In Latin = Bubulcus. In Cicero's Aratus, Arctophylax =
The Bear- Ward — from Arctos = a bear — and Phulax =
a guard.

The Arabs call this Constellation, As Simak al Ramih =
Simak with the spear.

This name is corrupted in charts, into Azimech, or
Aramech.

The Hebrew is, Romach = a spear.

Name on charts, Greek. Meaning.

Alpha Arcturus (Arctos ... A bear;

(ouros A guardian.

Arabic.

Beta Nekkar Bakkar ... A driver.

From Bakara ... An ox.

Hebrew— Bakhar = Oxen.

Beta — also Alkalurops = al Kalaurops = a shepherd's

staff.

Arabic Article Al = The. Greek — K&laurops.

Name on charts. Arabic. Meaning,

Epsilon [Mirach mirak The loins.

jmizar mizar A girdle.

(izar Izar A face.

Also Stella pulcherrima = Very beautiful star.

19

Name on charts, Arabic, Meaning,

Eta muphrid mufrid . . . The separated.

Beta, gamma, delta, and mu are called, el dhiba = The
Hyenas.

Hebrew — Zabua = Hyena.

IV. Draco = The Dragon.

The Hebrew name is — Nachash = The Dragon; or
Tannim = The Serpent.

Name on charts, Arabic, Meaning,

Alpha Thuban Thuban A dragon.

(adib el = ed dzib The wolf or

jackal.

Beta Rastaben ... Ras The head

el = et Thuban ... of the dragon.

Hebrew — Resh = The head.

alwaid (alwaid She-camel.

awid The lute player.

fal
lal

(al ud = a lute)

Gamma (Etanim et Tannin The serpent.

lEtannin.;....

Iota Ed asich ... (el) = ed dzich = The shaggy

hyena.

Lambda Giansar Khanzir I The boar.

or Khinzir

1

20

Name on charts, Italian. Meaning,

Xi Grumium ... Grugno Thesnoutasof

swine.

= old corrupt Latin, living on, in grugno.

Beta, gamma, nu and xi = al awaid = mother Camels.

V, Hercules = The Man Kneeling,

The Greek Name,

1. Engonasin = The Kneeler.

The Latin Name,

2. Ingeniculus = The Kneeler ; and Nisus or Nixus =
Kneeling-one : in Cicero's Aratus.

The Arabic Name,

3. Al Jatha = The Kneeler.

Name on charts, Arabic, Meaning,

Alpha (Rasalgethi (Ras The head

I Rasalgathi t al j atha ... of the kneeler.

Greek,

Beta Komeforos (Korune ... Club.

(Phoros ... Bearer.

or Beta Rutilicus = from Latin

Rutrum, Rutra, Rutellum = Little spade.
This is the name of a place — according to ** Ideler,''

21

VI, Ophiuchus = The Serpent-Bearer,

The Latin name is Serpentarius, or Anguitenens = The
Serpent holder.

Name on charts, Arabic. Meaning,

Alpha Rasalague (Ras The head of the

\al hawwa serpent charmer.

Beta Celbalrai Kalb The heart

al rai of the shepherd.

and Cheleb ... Kalb The heart.

Delta yed yad The hand.

Lambda marsic marfik The elbow.

VII, Serpens = The Serpent,

Called also* Serpens Ophiuchi = The serpent of Ophiu-
chus. The Greek name is Ophis = The snake.

Name on charts, Arabic, Meaning,

Alpha Unukalhay jUnk The neck

Unukalkay Jal hayyah of the serpent.

Also, Cor Serpentis = or, The heart of the serpent.

Theta Alya Alyat The tail one.

22

VIII, Corona Bovealis = The Northern Crown.

The Arabic name for ^* Corona'' is Alfakka = The broken
dish ; or, Alfekka =The Dervish's dish.

Name on charts.

Arabic.

Meaning.

, (Alphecca ...\ Alfakka broken dish.

I Alphaca ... J or, Alfekka Dervish 's disJb.

Alpheta = corrupt for Alphecca.

Alpha i

Gemma

Latin.
gemma

a gem.

\

ciava coron. {£;;-::::::::: (ofth^Sown.

The Alphonsine Tables have, al K^s^ = The Dervish's Dish.

IX. Lyra = The lyre, lute, or harp.

Another name is = Fides — in Cicero's Aratus = a Lute.
Also called Vultur cadens = The falling Vulture.

The Arabic name is — Annas'r al waki = The falling eagle.

The Greek name is, Lura = The lyre — which the Arabs
corrupted into

allore

and alohore

and aliore

al = The, and Lora (or lura) = Lyre.

(Greek)

23

Alpha

Name on charts,
Vega

Arabic,

and Wega

Meaning,
The eagle.

(full name) an nas'r

al waki The falling.
That is Vega, or Wega = Waki = The falling.

Persian,
Beta Sheliak = Shelyak The lyre.

' Persian, Shelyak = is the Persian representatioln of the
Greek, Chelus = The Tortoise — Through the
Arabic, Al Selibak = The Tortoise — according to

Ulugh Beigh.

Arabic,

Gamma Sulaphat from sulahf a = a tortoise.

suhl ' af * at = shell of a tortoise,
in Greek. . . zugon . . . | ^j^ j^^ ^^ ^ ^ 1
in Latm ... jugum...) ^ ^

X, Cygnus = The Swan,

This has been called :

1. Crux = The cross.

2. Gallina = The hen.

3. Ales Jovis = The bird of

Jupiter.

5-
6.

Milvus ) = The kite.
Ictin I

Ornis = The bird.

Kuknos ) The swan.
Olor J

Alpha
(in fuU)

Names on charts. Arabic,

/Deneb dzeneb .

Deneb adige ... dzeneb

(al = ad djajat

lArided ...)arridif

Vand Adrided ... J

Meaning.

The tail.
TaU

of the hen.
The tail piece
or follower.

24

Delta, gamma, epsilon, and zeta = al Fawaris = the riders
and (alpha) arided, or ar ridif = the follower.

Beta

rAlb6rio
Albireo
^Albeiro ^

• The derivation is obscure.

** Ideler " says — Cygnus = was called — Ornis = a bird
in Greek = which became corrupted into Urnis by the
Arabs.

Urnis became Eurisin in the Alphonsine Tables, and
was then taken for the plant — Erysimon = winter- cress —
which is also called — Irio-onis in Latin ; and hence
we get Albireo, from the Arabic ; al = the, and Irio =
Al(b)irio.

Pi j Azelfafage ) (al-) az zilf The hoof

JAzelfafge J af Faras ... of the horse.

Showing that the leg of Pegasus (the winged horse) must

have once reached into the group — " The Swan.**

XL Aquila = The Eagle, — Formerly, Aquila and An-
tinous.

Another Latin name is, Vultur Volans = The Flying
Vulture.

The Arabs call this. An nas'r at Tayr = The Flying
Eagle (or eagle bird).

Alpha

Name on charts. Arabic, Meaning.

Altair ) at Tayr The bird.

Attair

> Atair

25

Name on charts, Persian, Meaning,

Beta Alshain al shahin The white

falcon.

Gamma (Tarazed | T^r^zed The robbing

t Tarazad I (Taraj =spoil) one.

The Persians call this, Alshahin T^rlLzed = The robbing
falcon.

Alpha, Beta and Gamma = are called — Mizam = The
beam.

XI I, Delphinus = The Dolphin,

Name on charts, Latin, Meaning.

Alpha . Svalocin =Nicolaus =Nicholas.

Beta Rotanev = Venator =The hunter.

The above words spelt backwards give the name
Nicholas- Venator. From — Niccolo Cacciatore = an Italian,
who was a hunter.

XIII, Cepheus = The King,

The Ethiopic name was Hyk = The King.
The Indian name was Capuja = Cepheus.

Name on charts, Arabic, Meaning.

Alpha Alderamin fal dzera ) The arm.

\ al yamin J The right.

Hebrew — Dera = The Arm.

26

Name on charts. Arabic. Meaning*

Beta Alphirk al firk The herd

6r flock.

Gamma Errai (al) ar rai ... The shepherd.

Hebrew — Roi = Shepherd.

XIV. Cassiopeia = The Lady in the Chair, Also called
Cassiope and Cassiopea = Cepheus' Wife.

The Indian name was Casyapi = Cassiope.

Alpha

Name on charts. Arabic. Meaning.

ScHedar \

Shedir !• sadar The breast.

,Shedis

Beta fCaph ) Kaf(orKaph) The palm of the

tChaph ) hand.

In Hebrew — Kaph = The open hand.

XV. Andromeda = The chained Lady. Daughter of
Cepheus and Cassiopea.

The Indian name was Antarmada = Andromeda.

Name on charts. Arabic. Meaning.

Alpha* I Alpherat ) al Feras The horse.

lAlpheratz )

and Sirrah surra The navel

(al Feras) ... of the horse.
Hebrew — Farash = Horse.

27

Name on charts, Arabic. Meaning.

Beta jmirach ) mirak The loins.

tmizar ) mizar The girdle.

(apud Ulugh Beigh)
Gamma

alamak
almaach

al mauk (Cothurnus.)

(or) al mak... The buskin.

almaak J (apud Scaliger)

or almakud =The bound one,

or chained.

* The star Alpherat (or Sirrah) = is in the head of
Andromeda, or in the belly of Pegasus = The Winged
Horse. But both names show that this star belonged
originally to Pegasus.

XVI. Perseus = The Hero — with Medusa's Head. Lover of
Andromeda.

The Indian name was Parasiea = Perseus.

Name on charts. Arabic. * Meaning.

Alpha jmirfak ) mirfak.. The elbow.

\mirzac ) (or marfik)

Beta algol al ghul The ghoul, or

monster.

Gamma algenib aljanab The side.

XVII. Pegasus = The Winged Horse. Called " Equus '*
in Cicero's Aratus.

28

The Arabs called this, al Feras at thani = The second
Horse (Equiileus — being the first Horse).
(Or ** Sectio Equi).

Alpha
Beta

Gamma

Epsilon

Zeta

Name on charts. Arabic.

marcab markab .

Meaning.
saddle.

scheat sak Theforeleg.

or skat ... (in full) sak al Feras = (leg of horse.)
In Hebrew, shakh = leg, or thigh.

algenib aljanab....

(algemo) or al janah.

The side.
The wing.

fenif
(enir

[ anif (or anf)... The nose.

Homan

1. Oman

(apud Ideler)

2. Humam ..

3. Naam

a hero.

a dove (wing),
ostrich.

With Alpherat in Andromeda] but belonging to Pegasus
and azelfafge in Cygnus J as their names show,
there would be seven stars with Arabic names in Pegasus.

XVIII. Auriga = The Charioteer.

The Greeks called this, Heniochus = The rein-holder,
from henia = reins, also Hippelates and Elasippus ^ Horse
driver, from Hippos = horse, and Elauno = To drive.

The Arabs called this, Mumsik al ainna = The holder
of reins.

29

Name on charts, Latin, Meaning,

Alpha Capdla dim. of Capra... A little she-
goat.
A rabic.

Beta Menkalinam ... Menkib shoulder.

dzul innam = of the rein-

(from ainna = reins) holder.

Latin,
Eta and JHsedi Hsedi The kids.

Zeta

(There are the names)

1. Abhaiot )

Athaiot J Ideler says these names are corrupt, for

Alhajoth — which is from Alhajok — which is for Aijuk =
corrupt Arabic spelling of the Greek ac^ = a goat.

2. Alatod — Ideler derives from al atud = The kids.

3. Alanat = Ideler derives from al inaz (from anz = the
goat) The goats.

In Hebrew — Atud == He-goat.

XIX. Orion = The Hunter — or Giant,

Job has called him — xxxviii. 31 — K6sil = a fool, or
rebel — for Nimrod = a gigantic Hunter.

The Arabs have called him, Algebar = al jabbar = The
mighty one, and al Jauza = The Giant

In Hebrew — Gibar = mighty.

30

Name on charts, Arabic, Meaning. .

*, , (Betelgeuse ) ibt armpit.

Aipna I Betelgeux J al Jauza of the Giant.

Beta Rigel Rij*l The foot.

In Hebrew — RSgSl = a foot.

The g being soft like a j, in both the Arabic words Betelgeuse
and Rigel.

Latin,

Gamma Bellatrix from Bellum ... Female

(War) warrior,

or Amazon Star.

Arabic,
Delta mintaki mintakat The girdle.

Epsilon alnilam al nilham a string, as of

pearls.

Zeta alnitak fal nitak ) The girdle.

(or al nisab ) sword hilt.

Kappa Saiph ..., saif The sword.

Delta, epsilon, and zeta = have been called, the belt,
the yard wand, — ^Jacob's staflF, &c.

And the above three, with Kappa, have been called,
the yard and the ell.

The Chinese called the three Belt stars — ^Tsan = The
Three.

The three stars of the Belt have been called Jugulae =
the Joined three ; then the whole Constellation was called
Jugulae ; which became Jugula.

31
XX, Lepus = The Hare,

Name on charts, Arabic, Meaning,

Alpha Araeb Arnab The hare.

Beta Nibal Nihal camels

or Nawahil drinking.

The Arabs have called the hare, Kursi-el-Jauza = The
footstool of the giant (Orion).

XXI, Columha, The Dove,

Name on charts, Arabic, Meaning,

Alpha Phact Fached The thigh.

XXII, Canis Minor = The lesser Dog,

The Greeks called this Procyon = The Fore-dog, or
Precursor Dog ; from Pro = before and kuon == a dog.

The Arabs called this, Kalb al mutakaddim = The
Fore- Dog, and Shira al ghumus = The Warner.

The Latins called this, Antecanis = The Fore Dog.

These names mean, that Canis Minor rose before Canis
Major = The Big Dog, and was regarded as a forerunner
and wamer of its approach.

Alpha .
Beta

Name on charts,
Procyon

Gomelza
Gomeiza

32

Greek,

Pro-Kuon

Arabic,
gomeiza ..

Ifrom hamash...J

Meaning,

Before, the
dog.

The blear-
eyed

Bleardness.

or ghumus The warner.

Beta — also called Ash Shira al gomeiza = the blear-eyed
Sirius. This was the faithful dog of Icarus, vhich wept her
eyes sore after the death of her master.

In Arabic there are two words, Kalb = a Dog, and
another, Kalb = The Heart.
In Hebrew, K^l^b = A Dog.

XXIII, Canis Major = The Greater Dog, In Hebrew-
Shihor = Nile.

Alpha

i

Name on charts, Egyptian. Meaning,

Sirius \ Sims The Nile.

Greek,
or Seirios . . . Burning-bright.
Latin,

.Caniciilus ) Canis The dog star.

(dim.) (a dog)

Sirius — has been called. Ash Shira al Yamani = The Sirius

of Arabia.

A rabic.

Beta

Mirzam ..
(doubtful)

I, munzir ...) A monitor.

2. ma sam ...

3. mizam ...

The wrist.
A balance.

Gamma

Phurud Farid Single stars.

(doubtful) (unique)

or Kurud ... The apes.

(apud Ideler)

33

Nanu on charts, Arabic , Meaning,

Epsilon

Adhara
adara ..
adard ..

al = ad dhahr The back.

Theta and Kappa, were called, TheDoves — (apud Kazwini,
a learned Persian, bom 13th century at Kazwin, south of
the Caspian Sea).

XXIV, Argo Navis = The ship Argo,

There are 4 parts) Puppis = The poop — Carina = Keel

J Malus = The mast, and Vela = Sail
The Arabs call this— El Sefina = ) The Ship.

or Al Safinat j

Name on charts, Greek. Meaning,

Alpha Canopus Name of Pilot of Menelaus.

Arabic, -

Beta Maia miyah Waters.

(and maia placidus) (from the Arabic — Ma = Water

Latin,
Iota Tureis Turris Tower.

Arabic,

or Turis A buckler or

shield.

Arabic,

Kappa Marcab markab A sailing vessel,

also — vehicle.

Greek,
Zeta Naos naus A ship.

In Hebrew — Merkab = a chariot,
c

34

XXV, Hydra = The Water Serpent,

This has also been called, Serpens aquaticus = The
Water Serpent.

Name on charts, Arabic, Meaning.

Alpha

fAlphard

(Alphora) cor-
rupt

CorHydrse

al Fard The solitary

(Suheil)
Latin,

Cor The heart

Hydrse of Hydra.

XXVI, Crater = The Goblet,

The Greek Krater and Latin Cratera.

Name on charts, Arabic, Meaning,

Alpha jAlkes ) al Kas The cup.

lAlker j

XXV 11, Corvus = The Crow,

Called by the Greeks, Korax = The Crow.

Name on charts, Arabic, Meaning,

Alpha Algorab al ghirab The crow.

Beta Alchiba al Kiba The tent.

The four stars make the Tent.

35

XXVIII. Eriddnus = The. River (by the Greeks
" Eriddnos ").

Called also Fluvius = The Stream, and Amnis = The
River in Cicero's Aratus.

Name on charts, Arabic, Meaning,

Alpha Achernar fakher ] The end

tan nahr J of the river.

Beta Cursa (doubtful) Kursi Footstool.

Gamma Zaurac Zawikk Ship's boat.

Tau (apud Ideler)... anchalannahr Bend of the

river.
In Hebrew — Nahar = The Stream.

Upsilon Theemin Thamin Eighth.

(doubtful)

Theemin — in ** Ideler'* — this is^ Beemim, for Tawamim
= Twins.

XXIX, Cetus = The Whale,

The Arabs call this Kaitos = The whale from the Greek
Ketos,

The Latins called this (Cicero) Pistrix or Pistris = a
Large Fish.

Name on charts, Arabic, Meaning,

Alpha Menkar Menchar Nostril.

36

Beta Diphda fDhifda jThefrog.

(full name) jal Tania J The second.

(also) Deneb Kaitos fdseneb |Tail

^al Kaitos J of the whale.

Zeta Baten Kaitos... (Bat*n 1 Belly

1 al Kaitos j of whale.

Eta, Theta, Tau, Zeta, in the belly part of Cetus are
called (by Tizini), el naamlit = the ostriches.

Name on charts, Latin, Meaning,

Omicron Mira mira Wondrous

Stella mira stella star.

XXX, Piscis Australis = The Southern Fish,

The Latins called this, Piscis Major = The greater Fish.
The Arabs called this, Dhifda al awla = Frog the first.
Beta = Dhifda al Tania, of the Whale, being Frog the
second.

Name on charts, Arabic, Meaning,

Alpha (Fomalhaut ] Fom The mouth

(Fomalhani J al hhut of the fish.

37

THE TWELVE CONSTELLATIONS OF THE

ZODIAC.

Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo,

Ram, Bull, Twins, Crab, Lion, Virgin.

Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius,Capricomus, Aquarius, Pisces,

Balance, Scorpion, Archer, He-Goat, Waterman, Fishes,

The broad belt, the Zodiacal circle, was first regarded as
the path of the Moon by most of .the Eastern nations
(according to Mr. Blake). By the Chinese, Eg3rptians,'
Persians, East Indians, Siamese and Arabians ; and was
divided into twenty-eight parts, called Moon-stations or
mansions. (The Moon being one day of twenty-four hours in
each station.) These are named by the Arabs from parts
of the larger Constellations in or near the belt of the Zodiac.

The Hebrew words, Mazzaroth, found in Job, xxxviii. 32,
and Mazzaloth, found in 2 Kings, xxiii. 5, are generally
believed to stand for the Constellations of the Zodiac.

The Arabs call the ** Zodiac," Mantakat al Buruj = or
Girdle of the Mansions or Stations.

The Twenty-eight Moonstations or Mansions {apud Ideler) are

ist Moonstation f =E1 sheratain = The two signs.

t=Beta and gamma = of Aries = The Ram.

2nd Moonstation f =E1 Botein=The little Belly.

t = Ep6ilon and delta = of Aries = The Ram.

3rd Moonstation (=E1 Thoreyya==The Pleiades.

4th Moonstation

A cluster in Taurus = The Bull.

' = Aldebaran (addabaran) .
= He that follows the Pleiades.
, = Also, Ain el Tawr=The eye of Taurus.

38

5th Moonstation

6th Moonstation ( =

El Hek'a=mark of a brand.
Lambda and Phi = of Orion ^ The
Giant.

El Hen'a = Things one over another.
= Gamma and Xi of Gemini

= The Twins.

7th Moonstation = El dzira = The arm of Pollux.

= ** Castor and Pollux^** Alpha and Beta,
" Gemini '* = Twins.

8th Moonstation

(=

El nethra= The crib or manger.
Praesepe = cluster in ** Cancer'* =
The crab.

I

gth Mconblation J = El Terfa = The glance of lion's eye.

= Lambda in " Leo *' — The lion.

loth Moonstation

nth Moonstation

El Jeb'ha = The forehead or jfront.
Alpha, eta, gamma, zeta, mu, and
epsilon, of " Leo " — The lion.

El Zubra = The hair on back.
Delta and theta of "L«7" = The
lion.

1 2th Moonstation

El Serfa = The turning.
Beta, or Denebola = of ** Leo **=
The lion.

13th Moonstation

El awwa = The barker, or gaper.
Beta, eta, gamma, delta, epsilon, of
** Virgo'* = Virgin.

1=

14th Moonstation j = Es Simak = Spica = The ear of com.

Alpha, of** Virgo *' = The virgin.

15th Moonstation j =

l:

El gaf'r = The cover, or thatch.
Iota & Kappa of Virgo = The virgin.

39

1 6th Moonstation / =

17th Moonstation

El Zubana = The claws.
Alpha and beta of ** Libra*' = The
balance.

El Iklil = The crown.
Beta, delta, and pi, of ** Scorpio " =
The scorpion.

i8th Moonstation J = El Kalb = The heart.

I = Antares (alpha) of ^^ Scorpio,'*

19th Moonstation f ^ Esh Shawla = The curved tail.

I = Lambda and Upsilon of ** Scorpio,*'

20th Moonstation I = El Na*aim = The herds.

8 stars of ^^Sagittarius" = Archer.

1-

1:

2ist Moonstation ( = El Belda = A district.

A starless space in ^* Sagittarius.'*

22nd Moonstation

23rd Moonstation

El sa'ad el dsabih = The lucky star

of the slaughterer.
Alpha and beta of **Capricornu5'* =

He-goat.

El sa*ad el BuPa = The lucky star
of the swallower.

Mu, nu of " Aquarius '* = The water-
bearer.

24th Moonstation f = El sa'ad el su'ud = The lucky star

of fortune.
Beta and xi of ** Aquarius."

1:

25th Moonstation

26th Moonstation

= El sa'd el akbir = The lucky star

of the tents.
= Gamma, zeta, and eta, of ^* Aquarius**

= Waterman.

= El Farg el Miikdim = The joy

preceding.
= Alpha and beta of ** Pegasus" = The

winged horse.

40

27th Moonstation / = El Farg el Mukhar' = The joy

succeeding.
= Gamma of ** Pegasus" and Alpha of
** Andromeda,''

El Baten el Hut = The belly of fish.
28th Moonstation \ = Beta of ** Andromeda'* = The chained

1=

lady.

Some 400 years ago, **The Zodiac" was called **The
B6stiary'* and ** Our Lady's Waye;" The Ecliptic, was
" The Thwart Circle " or Yoke of the Sky ; " The Celestial
Equator," or "Equinoctial," was **The Girdle of the Sky;"
and ** The Meridian " was " The Noon-steade Circle."

/. Aries = The Ram,

The Greeks called this Krios = The Ram.

The Arabs called this Buij al Hamal = The Constellation
of the Ram, from Buij = a Constellation, and Hamal = a
Ram.

Name on charts, Arabic, Meaning,

Alpha Hamal hamal The Ram.

Beta Sheratan ... el sharatain ... The two signs.

(dual of Isharat = a sign)

Hebrew,
Gamma jMesartim ... dual of Mesharat An attendant.
I Meshartim

Beta and gamma were — Sharatain Mesartim = The two
attendant signs to, Hamal = The Ram = Hamal — being
originally the whole group.

41
//. Taurus = The Bull,

The Greeks called this Tauros = The Bull.
The Arabs called it, Burj al Tawr = The Constellation of
the Bull.

Name on charts, Arabic, Meaning,

Alpha Aldebaran ... ad dabaran ... He that follows.

(apud Ideler)
(also) ain el Tawr ...=The eye of Bull.

Beta Nath Nath The horn push.

Greek,

A cluster fHyades ) from huein To rain.

(

iSuculae j huSs The sows.

Greek,
7 stars Pleiades Plein To sail.

Eta = Alcyone, Merope, Celieno, Electra, Maia, Asterope,
Taygeta.

Called— Eth Thoreyya = diminutive of, Et Tawr = The
Bull — Arabic.

By Greeks and Latins —

Hesperides — Daughters of Hesperis.

Atlantides — Daughters of Atlas.

Vergilise — Stars of Spring (Ver, Latin for Spring).

Called The Cleaver, and The Hencoop ; and Alcyone =
The Hen.

Called by Job in Hebrew — Kimah = The seven stars
(Ch. xxxviii, 31.), or the Pleiades.

42

///. Gemini — and Gemelli = The Twins,

The Greeks jcalled this, Didiimoi = The Twins.
The Arabs called this, Burj aj Jawza = Constellation of
the Giant ; or az Zawj = Constellation of the Pair.

Name on charts. Greek. Meaning,

Alpha Castor Castor Proper name.

(Latin)

Beta Pollux Poludeukos Proper name.

(In Homer).

Castor and Pollux = called also Dioscuroi. In ** Acts "
xxviii. II. From Koroi= sons = Dios = of Zeus.

Arabic.

Gamma Alhena el hen*a Amarkbumtin.

(apud Ideler)
= (The 6th Moonstation)

Delta Wasat wasat The middle.

Being placed directly on the Ecliptic.

Epsilon f mebsuta ) mabsut • Stretched out.

tmesoula J (Ideler)

Greek.
Iota Propus (Pro ) Before

Ipous ) the foot.

1

43

IV. Cancer = The Crab,

Called The Dark Constellation (no bright stars).

1. Called by the Arabs — Burj al Sartan = Constellation
of Crab.

2. Called Carcmus — from the Greek — Karkinos = a
Crab.

Name on charts, Arabic. Meaning.

Alpha facubene ) az-zuben ... The claw.

jacutens j

Latin.

Gamma asellus Borealis fdim. of asinus] Little donkey

and "[Borealis j Northern.

Delta asellus australis /asinus i Little donkey

1 australis j Southern.

Arabic.

A cluster, **Praesepe" el nethra ... The crib or

(between the aselli or donkeys) = 8th Moonstation manger.

Praesepe, is also called in Cicero's Aratus — Phatnae —
which is the Greek Phatnai = The cribs.

V. Leo = The Lion. Greek Leon.

The Arabs called this, Burj al ased = Constellation
of the Lion.

i

Beta

44

Name on charts, Latin. Meaning.

Alpha /Regulus dim. of Rex. ... Chief,

or petty king.

or Regalis Royal.

CorLeonis... (Cor ) Heart

(Leonis ) of lion.

(Arabic) (Kalb \ Heart

(al ased | of lion.

(Arabic) jMalike Royal.

{from Malik = a king

Basilicus ... Basilikos Kingly.

{Greek)

Arabic,

(Denebola ...} dzeneb .' Tail

t Deneb, aleet f al ased of lion.

(i2th Moonstation.)

Corrupt y^ * I = al ased The Lion.

G-"^ (iljta ::::::) ""Xf^ilr 1 Th.wo„dro„..

Delta Zosma el zubra The back hair.

(nth Moonstation.)

Delta = (apudldder)(fff-";;::;;:::)^t,ack^

Mu = Rasaias { S^fsed::::::::::::} JttL

Alpha, gamma, zeta, mu, epsilon, eta = are called the
^^ Sickle;'' being arranged so as to represent a Sickle or
Reaping Hook.

VI. Virgo = The Virgin.

The Arabs called this, Burj al Sumbalah = Constellation
of the spike (sumbulah Kamh = spike of wheat).

1

Beta K'avijava i

^^^^ tZavijara f

(Terribly bungled)

45

Name on charts, Latin. Meaning,

Spica spica a wheat ear.

Alpha \ Arabic,

azimech as simak Simak.

(proper name.)
al a*sal unarmed.

(from sallah = To arm)
I and a = privative. |

fZavijava i Zawiyat a comer.

(Ideler)

Close to the Angle, at Autumnal
Equinox, made by ecliptic
and equator.

f j ariyat A slave girl.

Izara't Agriculture.

Latin,

Epsilon Vindemiatrix = vindemia = grape gathering.

= The female vine dresser.

Also called (in Cicero's Aratus) Vindemitor = The male
grape gatherer.

And by Greeks, Protrygeter =

from [ Pro = before.

and Trugeter... = The grape

gatherer.

That is, Vindemitor, arose just before the time for grape
gathering, and thus gave notice of the proper season.

VIL Libra = The Balance,

Called by the Arabs, Buij al Mizan = Constellation of
the Balance.

\

46

Called f Chelai = The claws by Greeks.
\ Chelae = The claws by Romans,

because the claws of the next = " The Scorpion,*' used to run
into this Constellation.

Hence these three names apply to the Scorpion and not
to Libra.

Name on charts Arabic, Meaning.

Alpha Zubenesh fZuben ] A claw.

JEsh ShemaliJ The northern.

Beta Zubenelg (Zuben | Claw.

lEljanib ] Southern.

Gamma Al Hakrabi ... al Akrab The scorpion.

VI 11. Scorpio = The Scorpion — Greek, ** Scorpios,''

The Arabs called this, Burj al Akrab = Constellation of
the Scorpion.

Called also (Cicero's Aratus) by the old African word
Nepa, ae, or Nepas, ai, = The Scorpion.

Name on charts, Greek. Meaning.

Alpha fAntares ( Ahti ) Equal to

I Areus ) The planet Mars

Cor (Latin) Scorpionis (Cor=heart) or Areus.

In Hebrew — H akrab = a scorpion.

Arabic.
Beta Ikhil Iklil Crown.

Lambda Lesath Lesath Sting.

(Ideler)

k

47
IX. Sagittarius =^ The Archer — (from Sagitta=an Arrow),

1. Called also by the Greeks, Toxotes The = Archer—
from Toxon = a bow.

2. Called by the Romans —

(Arquiten ens) from Arcus = a bow and Tenens = holding.
jArcitenens )

Saggittipotens, from sagitta = arrow — potens

= powerful. (Cicero's Aratus.)

3. Called by the Arabs, Burj al Kaws = Constellation of
the Bow.

Name on charts. Arabic. Meaning.

Epsilon Kaus Kaws The bow.

or Kaus Australis Australis Southern.

The stars in the " Bow" are sometimes called the {Milk Dipper).

. X. Capricornus = The He-Goat^ or Sea-Goat^ from Caper
= a He-Goat, and Comu = a Horn.

1. Called by the Greeks, viz., (Aratus) AigocSros = The
Horned Goat, from Aix-aigos = a goat, and keras = a horn.

2. Called by the Arabs, Burj al Jidi = Constellation of
the Goat.

In Hebrew — Gedi = a- Kid.

Name on charts. Arabic. Meaning.

Alpha Al giedi al jidi The goat.

(Double) and Algiedi Secunda, alj idi The second

goat.

48

Beta Dabih dzabih The slaughterer

Delta Deneb algiedi . . dzeneb Tail

al jidi of goat.

XL Aquarius = The Water Bearer,

1. Called by the Romans (Cicero) Hudrochoos = The
waterpourer. From Hudor = Water, and Cheo = To pour.

2. Called by the Arabs, Burj ad dalu = Constellation
of the Pitcher or Urn.

Name on charts, Arabic, Meaning,

Alpha Sadalmelik ... (Said } Fortunate star

(al melik ) of the King.

Beta Sadalsund (Said \ Fortunate star

IFc
I of

1 al masud ) of fortunes.

Delta (Scheat )Sak The leg.

tSkat ) or Sakib The pourer.

Gamma
or Theta

Kappa
or Chi

French,

/"Ancha Hanche The Haunch.

(doubtful)— called the Hip bone in the Middle Ages.

(apud Ideler)
Sitiila Latin — Situla An urn, or buck-
et, or water
pail.

In Hebrew — Shakh = Leg or Thigh.

49

XII, Pisces — The Fishes,

1. Called also, Pisces Gemelli or Gemini = Twins; or
P. Orientalis = Eastern Fish ; and P. Occiden talis =
Western Fish.

2. Called by the Arabs, Burj al Hut = Constellation of
the Fish.

Alpha

Name on charts.
(1. Okda

2. Risha

3. Kaitain ..

Alpha is called — Nodus

Arabic, Meaning,

Okad .} The knot.

or Ukdat ...j

el Rishat ..• The cord.

Khitain The two

(dual) threads.

the knot (in Cicero'^ Aratus),

51

INDEX.

A.

PAGE

PAGE

Abhaiot . .

.. 29

Algemo . .

.. 28

Achemar

35

Algenib

. . 27, 28

Ackair

.. i6

Algieba . .

.. 44

Ackiar

i6

Algiedi

47

Acola

.. i6

Algiedi Secunda . .

.. 47

Acubene

43

Algol

27

Acubens ..

.. 43

Algorab . .

.. 34

Adara

33

Alhajok

29

Adard

.. 33

Alhajoth ..

.. 29

Adhara

33

Alhakrabi

46

Adib

.. 19

Alhena . .

.. 42

Adrided ...

23

Aliath

15

Aigoceros..

•. 47

Aliore

.. 22

Aijuk

29

Alioth

15

Ain el Tawr

.. 41

Alkalurops

.. 18

Aish .. ..

17

Alker .. ,

34

Alamak • .

.. 27

Alkes

.• 34

Alanat

29

Allioth

15

Alatod

.. 29

Aliore

.. 22

Alawaid

20

Almaach

27

Albireo . .

.. 24

Almaak . .

•• 27

Alberio

24

Alnilam

30

Albeiro . .

.. 24

Alnitak . .

.. 3Q

Alcaid

i6

Alohore

22

Alchiba . .

.. 34

Alphaca ..

.. 22

Alcor

16

Alphard

34

Alcyone . .

.. 41

Alphecca . .

.. 22

Aldebaran

41

Alpherat

26

Alderamin

.. 25

Alpheratz

.. 26

Ales Jovis

23

Alpheta

22

Algebar . .

.. 29

Alphirk . .

.. 26

Algeiba

44

Alphora

^4,

52

PAGE

PAGE

Alshain . .

•• 25

Basilicas . .

•• 44

Altair

24

Basilikos

44

Alula

.. i6

Baten Kaitos

.. 36

Alwaid

19

Beemin

35

Alya

.. 21

Bellatrix ..

.. 30

Amaxa

15

Belt ..

30

Amazon-Star

.. 30

Benetnasch

.. 16

Amnis

35

•• Bestiary" (The)

40

Ancha

.. 48

Betelgeuse

.. 30

Anguitenens . .

21

Betelgeux

30

Antarmada

.. 26

Bier

•• »7

Antares

46

Bubulcus

la

Antecanis..

.. 31

Buij. al Hamal

• • 40

Antinous

24

Burj, at Tawr

41

Aramech ..

.. 18

j Burj al Jawza

I Burj al Zawj ) ' "

Arcitenens

47

.• 42

Artophylax

.. 18

Burj as Sartan

43

Arctos

.. 15.18

Burj al Ased

•• 43

Arcturus ..

.. . 18

Burj al Sumbalah

44

Arided

••

23

Burj al Mizam

•• 45

Ameb

.. 31

Burj al Akrab

46

Arquitenens . .

47

Burj at Kaws

.. 47

Asellus Australis . .

.. 43

Burj al Jidi , .

47

Asellus Borealis

43

Burj al Dalu

.. 48

Ash

.. 17

Burj al Hut . .

49

Asterope

41

^n

Atair

.. 24

C.

Athaiot

29

Caniculus

•• 32

Atlantides

.. 41

Canopus

33

Attair

24

Capella . .

.. 29

Atud

.. 29

Caph

26

Az«lfafage

24

Capuja . .

.. 25

Azelfafge ..

.. 24

Carcinus

43

Azimech

. . 18. 45

Carina

•• 33

^p^

Cassiope

26

B.

Castor

.. 42

Bakara . .

.. i8

Casyapi

26

Bakhar

i8

Celbalrai . .

.. 21

Banat

.. 17

Celieno

41

Banoth

17

Chaph

.. 26

53

PAGE

PAGE

Chelaf

46

Electra . .

.. 41

Chelae

.. 46

•• EU" (The) . .

30

Cheleb

21

Engonasin

.. 20

Chelus

.. 23

Enif

28

Clava Coronas

22

Enir

.. 28

Cleaver . .

•• 41

Equnleus

2&

Cor Hydrae

34

Equus

.. 27

Cor Leonis

.. 44

Eridanos

35

Cor Scoipionis

46

Errai

.. 26

Cor Serpentis

.. 21

Erysimon

24

Cratera

34

Etannim ..

.. 19.

Crux

.. 23

Etanin

19

Cursa

35

Eurisin . .

.. 24

Casyapi • •

.. 26

F.

D.

Farash

.. 26

Dabih

.. 48

Fawaris (El)

.. 24

Deneb

23

Feras-at-Thani

28

Deneb Adige

.. 23

Fides

.. 22

Deneb Aleet . .

44

Fluvius

35

Deneb Algiedi

.. 48

Fomalhaut

.. 36-

Deneb Kaitos . .

36

Fomalhani

3^

Denebola

.. 44

Fore-Dog

•• 31

Dera

25

Dervish's Dish

.. 22

G.

Dhahr

16

Gallina . .

.. 25

Dhiba

.. 19

Gemma . .

22

Dhifda

36

Giansar . .

.. i^

Dhifda-al- Awla

.. 36

Gibar

29.

Dhifda-al-Tania

36

Gedi

•. 47

Didumoi ..

.. 42

Girdle of Sky

40

Dioscuroi

42

Gomeiza ..

•• 32

Dob

.. 15

Gomelza

32

Dub

15

Great Coffin

•• 15

Dubhe . .

.. 15

Grumium

20

Dziba (el)

16

Guards of Pole

.. 17

E.

H.

Edasich ..

.. 19

• Haedi

.. 29

Elasippus

28

Hakrab

46

54

PAGE

PAGE

Hamal . .

.. 40

Kawkab ash-shemali

.. 17

Helice

15

Kazwini

33

Helix

.. 15

Keleb

•. 32

Hen

41

Kephrah

16

Hencoop ..

.. 41

Kesil .. ,.

..29

Heniochus

28

Ketos

• , 35

Hesperides

.. 41

Kimah

;. 41

Hippelates

28

Kocbab

17

Homam • . • •

.. 28

Kokab

.. 17

Hudrochoos . .

48

Korax

34

Hyades . .

•• 34

Korneforos

.. 20

Hyk ..

25

Krater

.34

I.

*

Krios

. . 40

Kuknos

23

Icarus

•• 32

Kursi-al-Jawza

.. 31

Ictin

23

*#

Ikhil

.. 46

L.

Ingeniculus . .

20

Lesath

.. 46

Irio-onis ..

.. 24

Little Coffin . .

17

Izar ..

18

Lura

.. 22

J-

M.

Jacob's staff

.. 30

Maia

• 33» 41

Jatha (al)

20

Maia Placidus

33

Jawza (al)

.. 29

Malike

.. 44

Jugula

30

Mains

33

Jugulae

.. 30

Mansions

•• 37

Jngum

23

Mantakat-al-Bnruj

37

Marcab . .

28.33

K.

Marsic

21

Kaitain . .

.. 49

Mazzaloth

•• 37

Kaitos

35

Mazzaroth

37

Kalaurops

.. 18

Mebsuta ..

.. 42

Kalb-al-Ased ..

44

Medusa's Head

27

Kalb- al-Mutakaddim

•. 31

Megrez . .

•• 15

Kaph

26

Menkalinam . .

29

Karkinos . .

.. 43

Menkar . .

•• 35

Kasa

22

Merak

15

Kaws

.. 47

Merkab . .

•• 33

Kaws Australis

47

Merope

41

55

PAGE

PAGE

Mesartim

.. 40

Ophis

.. 21

Meshartim

40

Omis

23

Mesoula ..

.. 42

Ostriches

.. 36

Milk Dipper ..

47

"Our Tody's Waye" .

40

Milvus

.. 23

Ouros

.. 18

Mintaki

30

Mira

36

P.

Mirach . .

18,27

Parasiea ..

.. 27

Mirfak

27

Phact

31

Mirza

.. 15

Phad

•• 15

Mirzac

27

Phatnse

43

Mirzam . .

.. 32

Phatnai . .

•. 43

Mizam

25

Phecda

15

Mizar

15. 18, 27

Pheckrah

.. 16

Mizat

15

Phegda

15

Moonstations

•• 37

Phurud . .

•• 32

Mumsik-al-Aixma

28

Pisces Gemelli

49

Muphrid ..

.. 19

Piscis Major

.. 36

N

P. Occidentalis

49

Naamat «.

.. 36

P. Orientalis

.. 49

Nachash

19

Pistris

35

Nahar

•• 35

Pistrix

.. 35

Naos

33

Plaustrum

15

Nash

.. 17

Pleiades ..

.. 41

Nasr-at-Ta3rr ..
Nasr-al-Waki

24
.. 22

Plough
Ploughman

15
.. 18

Nath

41

Pointers

15

Nekkar . .

.. 18

Polaris . .

.. 17

Nepa

Nepas

Nethra (el) . .

46
.. 46

43

Pollux
Praesepe ..
Precursor-Dog

42

•• 43
31

Nibal

.. 31

Procyon . .

•. 31

Nisus

20

Propus

42

Nixus

.. 20

Protrygeter

•• 45

Nodus

49

Puppis

33

Noon-steade Circle

.. 40

R.

O.

Rakubah ..

.. 17

Okda

.. 49

Rasalague

21

Olor

23

Rasalas . .

.. 44

Rasalgathi .,

zo

Shira-Bl-ghamus ,.

Rasalgetbi

.. so

Sh > ra-al-gomeiz a

RastabCD

ig

Shira-a!-Yaraani ..

Kegel ..

.. 30

Sickle

Regulus

44

Simak-al-Aial

Eekeb ..

■■ »7

Simak-al-Ramih

Resh

19

SiriQs ..

Rtdif(al)..

■ ■ aa

Sirrah

Rieel

30

Sims

Rjscha(el)

■ ■ 49

Sitala

Roi ..

46

Skat

Romach .. _

.. iB

Spica

Rotauev

as

"Spike" ..

Rulilicus..

Stella Mira ..
Stella Polaris

S.

Stella Pnlcherrima

Sadalmelik

.. 48

Sncules ..

48

Suha(a8)

Safinat (al)

■■ 33

Suka(as)..

Sagittipotens ..

47

Snlaphat

Saidak . .

.. 16

SvalociD ..

Saiph

30

Scheat . .

as, 48

Schadar

z6

Talitha ..

Scorpios ..

.. 46

Tania

SectioEqni ..

iS

Tanniin . .

Sefioa(el)

■• 33

Taraiid

Selibali(el) ..

23

Tarazed ..

Septentrio, Major ..

■■ '5

Tanros

Septentrio, Minor

17

Tawamim

Septentriones

■• 15

Tawr (el)

Seipentarius ..

Taygeta ..

Shafts ..

■■ 17

"Tenf

Shakh

38

Theemin ..

Shedir ..

.. 25

Thoreyya (eth)

Shedis

26

Thnban . .

Sbellak . .

■ ■ 23

Thwart Circle

Shalyak

23

Toiotes ..

Sheratan ..

.. 40

Triones

Shihor

32

Tsaa

57

PAGE

PAGE

Tureis

• •

33

Wasat ..

• •

.. 42

Wega

• •

23

U.

Unukalhay

• •

.. 21

Y.

Unukalkay

• •

21

"Yard wand"

• •

.. 30

Umis

• •

24

Yed ..

• •

21

V.

"Yoke of sky

• •

. . 40

Vega

• •

.. 23

Z.

Vela

• •

33

Vergiliae . .

• •

.. 41

Zabua

• •

.. 19

Vindemiatrix .

• •

45

Zaurac

• •

35

Vindemitor

• •

•• 45

Zavijara ..

• •

•• 45

Vultur Cadens

•

22

Zavijava

• •

45

Vultur Volans

• •

.. 24

Zosma

• •

.. 44

Zubenelg

• •

46

w.

Zubenesh

• •

.. 46

"Waggon"

• •

•• 15

Zugon

• •

23

Waki

• •

23

SAMUEL CLARKE, PRINTER, 5, GALLOWTREE GATE LEICESTER.
E