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Harvard CoUege
Library
By Exchange
MUSIC LIBRARY
THE NATIONAL ANTHEMS
OF THE ALLIES
UNITED STATES
GREAT BRITAIN
FRANCE
BELGIUM
RUSSIA
• APAN
SERBIA
ITALY
RUMANIA
PORTUGAL
CUBA
Price, 25 cents net
G. SCHIRMER
BOSTON
Copyright, l'>i;, by G. Sclilrmer
0^^
/
Words by
n-ancis Scott Key
(1770-1843)
Venion prepared at the request of the U. S. Bureau of Education
by the following committee:
Will Earhart (Chairman), Walter T.Damrosch, Arnold J. Gantvoort,
O. G. Sonnecky and John Philip Sousa.
The Star- Spangled Banner
A standardized version of the melody
Music by
John Stafford Smith
(1760-1836)
Harmonized by
Walter Damrosch
jtjjiij J J If P" Mr J^J
J J I r r r '
1. O say! can you see, by the dawn's ear - ly . light^What so proud-ly -we
2.Qnthe shore djm-ly seen through the mists of the deep, Where the foe's haug^-ty
3. O, thus be it ev - er, -^en free- men shall stand Be - - tween their lov^d
p' J ii^ I
^
J J jj J J J I f p- Mr J|J'
hailed at the twi-Ughtls last g^eam-ing,Who8e broad stripes and bright stars^throug^ the per-i-lous
host in dread sl-lence re - pos - es, What is that in^iich the breeze, o'er the tow-er-ing
home and the warb des - o - la - tiodBlest with vie - t'ry and peaoe,may the heavbfescued
fig^y Oer the ram-parts we watched were so gal - lant -ly stream-ing? And the rock-ets red
steep As it fit - ful - ly blows, half con - ceals, half dis - clos-es? Now it catch-es the
land Praise the power that hath made and pre - served us a na - tionl Then con-quer we
glare, the bombs burst-ing in air. Gave, proof through the night tiiat our flag was still
gleam of the mom-ing's first beam, In full glo - ry re - fleet - ed now shines on the
must, when our cause it is just. And. this be our mot - to*^^ God is our
Printed by permission of the U. S. Commissioner of Education. See ''Mtes" on p. 22
27488
4
SOPRANO
there.
stream. 'Tis the
^TO TVust." And the
say, does that
Star - Span - gled.
Star - Span - gled.
Star - Span - gled
Ban - ner~ O^
Ban - ner in
yet.
Ban - ner
long may— it
tri -' un^h shall —
I
O
TENOR
'Tis the
And the
say, does that
Star - Span - g^ed
Star - Span - gled
J O I J L^^
Star - Span - gled
- ner. O,.
in
Ban - ner yet
long may-, it
tri • umph shall
BASS
*S
'Tis the
And the
say, does
Star - Span - gled.
Star - Span - gled^
Star - Span - gled —
Ban - ner— O,
Ban - ner in
Ban - ner
long may
tri - lunph
yet.
it-
shall.
m
n nn \
O
'Ti8 the
And the
say,-, does, that
Star - Span - ^ed-
Star - Span - gled.
Star - Span - gled_
Ban - ners. O,
Ban - ner— in
Ban - ner yet.
long, me^ it.
tri - titnph shall—
^
k
^
wave,
wave.
^fctt
wave
Oer the
Ofer the
Ofer the
r n ^
land.
land
land.
of the
of the
of the
M i r IT
free and the home
free and the home
free and the home
of the
of the
of the
SI
■ / ,.
fj
^
wave
wave
wave
Ofer the
Ofer the
Ofer the
land
land
land
J J I f ^J' J' I r' H
brave?
bravel
brave.
^
of the
of the
of the
^
free and the home
free and the home
free and the home
J^ ^*
of the
of the
of the
wave,
wave.
wave.
Ofer the
Ofer the
Ofer the
land,
land,
land.
of the
of the
of the
^m
bncve?
bravel
brave.
^
r\
^
M I r~P ^ ^
free and the home
free and the home
free and the home
of the
of the
of the—
F F I r' p r
brave?
bravel
brave.
wave
wave
wave
Ofer the
Ofer the
Ofer the
land
land
land
of the
of the
of the
free and the- home of the
free and the home . of the
free and the home of the
i
brave?
bravel
brave.
27488
5
God Save the King
The British National Anthem
Words and Music by
Unknown Author
Though often attributed
to Henry Carey
Harmonized by
Chas. Vincent, Mus. Doc, Oxon.
^
^^
^
fe
1. God save our
2. O Lord our
gra - cious King, Long live our
God, a - rise I Scat - ter our
no
en
ble King,
e - mies.
3. Thy choic - est gifts in store On him be pleased to pour;
^^
m
V
God save the King!
And make them fall I
Long may he reign;
e
I
P r I f r r
Send him vie
Con - found their
May he de
to
pol
fend
ri - ous. Hap - py and
i - tics; Frus- trate their
our laws. And ev • er
glo - ri - ous, Long to reign o
knav - ish tricks; On Thee our hopes
ghre us cause To sing with. heart
ver us: God save the
we fix: God save us
and voice: God save the
^m
King!
aU.
King!
S7488
Copyright, 1917, by O. Sckirmer
6
La Marseillaise
The French National Anthem
English Words by
Florence Attenborough
Rouget de Tlsle
Harmonized by
Gustave Ferrari
r ^
k.x3r
f. AUans, en^fants de la pa ^^ tri -' e, Le jour de gloire eat
1. A-rise, ye chil - dren of the na - tion, The day of glo - ry
ar-rf -
now is
r iJJijjn
^^
ve/
here I
If..
Oon^ire nous de la ty^ran^ ni - e Ee^ten^ dard aan • gkmt eat le
See the hosts of dark op- - pres-sion Their blood-stained ban - ners
'>•* j Pr i
i
t
J J ^ r
f
^
r >
kvjr
ve,
rear
■Pr cL;mj
jijii' i '-i
Li'ten^dard aa/n,-^ giant est le - t;^/
Their blood - stainVi ban - ners rear I
En-feiudeZ'Vaua dana naa cam-
Do ye not heed? roar - ing the
pa-gnea Mu - gir oea fS-ro ^ oea aol-data?
ty. rants go, Scat- ter- ing homes and peace;
Ila vien-- nentjua^fue dana pgoa
Our sons, our-comrades face the
«748S
Copyright, i9i7, by O. Schirmer
J ^f>jl \ jjj ^^
L^w*. g^er voa fUa, hm earn - pa - gnes.
The wounds of war in - crease.
^^^
To armsl Ye warriors
2. Jfou9 mUrenma dans la earrHre,
Quand nos alMa nfjf serantplus,
Jfous ]f h'ouverona leur poussiere.
Ft la trace de leura vert^s/ (bis)
Bien moinajahux de leur eurvivre.
Que de partaker leur eercueil,
Jfoue aurane le eublime argueU
De lee vengw oude lee euivre.
Aux armee, eitojfeusi etc.
3. Amour eacrS de la Patrie,
Oanduie, eautiene noe brae vengeure;
Liberie, Liberte cherie,
Oombate avec tSe d^feneeure/ (bis)
Saue noe drapeaux que la Fictoire
Accoure i lee mSlee accents;
Que tee ennemis expirants
Voient ton triomphe et notre gloiret
Aux armee, cUogens/ etc.
2. Within the tomb ourselves must enter,
When all our oldest ar^ at rest;
We shall And their dust reposing,
Tk-ace the virtues eadi possest; (bis)
Then, Ifaen shall we, jealous of honoui; yet
Shrink not to share their grave,
For pride, oWcoming vain regret.
Avenges stiU Ihe brave!
To arms, ye warriors all! etc.
8. That sacred love — Ihe love of coimtry.
Spurs on afresh our eager arms.
And for conquest and for freedom.
We dare the vast alarms! (bis)
Speedily then, crowning heroic deeds,
Triumph shall lift each head
And our One Flag fly proudly o V
The living and Ihe dead!
To arms, ye warriora all! 6tc.
S74M
8
La Brabanconne
English Words tiy
Florence Attenboroogh
The Belgian National Anthem
Allegro marziale
Music by F. Campenhout
Kiemnonized t^
Gustave Fbrrari
/. A 'pr^B dea sii - elea
LThe years of sla - ve
d*es 'da
ry are
^
i
^m.
Bel ' ge aar-tani du iom-beau,
Bel - gian re -joic - es once more;
^' p r p r P '
A re ^ eon^quM par eon cou-
Cou - rage re - stores to him at
firm
sou - ve-raine et fH
his clasp will be.
re.
Peu 'ple dS - sor-maie in - domp -
Keep-ing the an-cient flag un -
S74SS
furlH
Qra^va
smr
ta vieil-le ban - nie -
Tb fling its ines - sage on the watch
- re
ful world:
Le
Bbr
Boi, la M, la li-ber ^ tel
King, for Ri^t,and Li - ber - tyl
Ota - va suT
To fling its mes
ta vteii- le
sase on the
mi - ^ re
watdh-ful world:
Le Roi,
Fbr King,
for Right, and Li - ber - ty!
f f r ri/
Fbr.
Boi, la lot, la It -berate.
King, for Ri^t,and Li - ber - ty!
Fbi
ber - tSL
Sling, for Right, and Li-ber - tyl.
O Belgigue, d mere
A tainoa eomra, i tainos bras,
A M notre eang, 6 Patrie,
Nous le jturoM taus, tu vivrasf
Tu vivras tot^fours grande et belle,
Bt ton invincible umtS
Aura pour devise immortelle:
LeBoi,laloi,laUberti/
S74SS
Fbr thee, dear country, cherished motherland,
Our songs and our valour we give;
Never from thee our hearts are banned,
For thee alone we livel
And thy years shall glorious be.
Circled in Unityfa enu>race,
Thy sons shall cherish thee in evVy place
Fbr King, for Rig^t, and Liberty.
10
Boshe Zaria Chrani!
The Niational Anthem of Imperial Russia
English Words 1)7
Florence Attenborough
Grave
Music by LwofF
Harmonized by
Gtistave Ferrari
^
t^
{
^^
E
Bd ' she jgar - ia
God save our No
cAra ^ni/
ble Tsar!
SsH - ny» der - «M<cr * mm*
Great be his glo - ry!
^
^
w
^^
^
^
t;
Zdrst - torn na
Grow - ing in
Sla - wj^ na
pow - er and
Sla - tMi
ma - jes
nam.
Eant'Wui na Strach Wira-gam,
Tsarl May good for - tune be
£arL.
Show
pra^wo ^ sdaw - nfi;
ered on thee;
Bd .
God save thee
she
still,
jV4ir - ia €!4m - n^
Our No - ble Tsarl
SViassa
"^Tke Hfrnn of Free Bussia* by Gretchaniaofft bom of the Revolution of 1917 which has transformed Russia into
a Republic, is published by G. Sekirmsr.
S748S
u
Kimigayo
The Japanese National Anthem
English ¥fords bj
Florenoe A t tenbofough
Ifay our Soy* - reign
Lord re - niain«
Harmoitisad Iqr
Clu&^noent» Ma& Do<x,Oko>i.
Chi
Root
ed for
^
P
^
^m
^m
£
:
fa - ehi -mo 4m ja - jva - tv/ / - Mt ^ no, I - wa o to
tfaott - sand years and then — a - gain: Un - til rocks, vast and sol - enm,
•■'T r r m
i
E
^m
r r rf I
na ^ ri ' te, Xo - ke no, Mk - tn
rise from stone — Un - til moss nev - er - more is
— -\ - ♦
o
. de.
thick - ly grovml
S74SS
12
Srpska Narodna Himna
Serbian National Anthem
Words arranged by
Florence 6. Attenborough
Allegro maestoso
Bo - if«_L prar <f«_ Ti »in spaa - e,
Godl Who in t^ - gones hast saved us thy peo > pie,
t^! ^^^^=i
Od 'pro - pas - ti do sad— nas
Great King of Jus - tice, hear us this day:
i
While for our ooun - try, for
nas • ^ • g'las ^ e I od sad nam hud - '« L spas
Ser • bia's sal - va - tion. We with de - to - tion un - ceas - ing - ly pray
Mo6 " nom ru - kom vod - i bran - i,
On - ward! on - ward Lead us ev - er,
Bu - due - nos - ti
Out of shad - ow
S74SS
18
Brp - $keL^ brod.
in - to light*
i I J; J) p ' () (T _ ^
Jioi - e spas • f Boi - t^ irim -
Till our ship of State be an
i
i
chored
Sfps • kog' krul • /a.
Thro the mer - 07
Srps ' ki rod:
of Thy might:
Bom - e spas - i, Boi - ^
Till our foes be spent and
bran ^
scat -
i
- ter'd
^
iS'fytf - kog kral - /a^
In the fun - ness
8rps - ki rod.
of the Light,
BrpS'kog kral - Ja,^^ Srps - W rod.
Ser-bia's king, <^<!^ Ser • bia'a. land,
Guard for ev - er
t748S
14
Words by
Luigi Mercantini
English words by
Florenoe 6. Attenborough
Marziale
The Garibaldi Hymn
The Italian National Hymn
Harmonized by
Anthony Bernard
*
^' P I r ij
*
M . I'ar ' mi!
Come, arm yel
te
e
£
P
P
M - I'ar
Come arm
#
mi/
yel
' jfj i'' Jm,
^
P
Si SCO - /iron /^ torn - d^, i«*
From Tine - yards of ol - ives, from
le - va^ nqj mor - ti, I mar - ii - ri no - *^r* son tut - W rt -
grape - man- tied bow - ers. Where land - scapes are laugh - ing in maz - es of
sor - ti/ Le spa - de nel pu - gno, gUffl-lo - rial* le ehio-^ me, La
flow* ers: Frommoun* tains, all light - ed by sap - phire and am - ber, From
, giiffl-lo " rial - le ehio* me,
Y Cf ^ ^
\
S748S
16
J:
w o p^p If r p ' ^ I' t'
Oin > J.I I
fiam'^maifid 41 no -- me d*I - ta - lia sul eorl
cit - ies of mar - ble, frcMn tern - pleB and marts.
Ve - nia - niol ve -
A - rise, all ye
ir p »iiir 1^" p nr P p i
9eAf> - ret Sugl ven - to per tut - #o, le
nia - mo/ ^«i^o gio - va - nt' .^cAtV ^ ret Si^j/il ven - ro per
Tal - iantBlyour man- hood pro - claim - ing. Whilst thun - ders are meet - ing, and
^^
> J , Ji Ji i J Ji Ji i r; > jj g
no - Btre ban • if i> - ret Su tut - /i col fer - ro, ^n tut - ^t col
sa - bres are flam - ing. For hon - our, for glo - ry, the bu - gles are
^
P' p I r P" p Hf p' s I M ^ p I p ^ ^' p
o - CO. i^n tut - #•' co/ Yieo " eo a*I -- ta ^ lia nel eor. Va
fuo - co^ ku tut - ti eol fuo * eo i^I - ta -- lia nel eor.
sound - ing, To quick - en your puis - es and glad-den your hearts.
Then
< J5i^F I
•7488
16
|<|' r i i Ji| i j pir II III ip r I III 1(1 J I \\
fuo - ra d'l -> ta - lia, va /k&o - ra^ cHS Ibr - a, vajkicrdl-ta - Ita, vaJkard'T"
hurl our flerce fo© - men far from us foi^ cv -- er,Th© Day is dawn - ing^the Day is
r ^
If .k,
vir
^
17
I
I f ^7 I f ir !• ip^i " I ■
ta - Ita, va fuo - rii^o stra^ierl
dawn - ing which shall be^ our ownl
2.
La Urra dei fiori, dei suoni e dei earmi
Bitarni qual era la terra delVarmi,
J>i oento eatene ei avvinser la mano,
Ma anoor di Legnano sa i ferri brandir.
Bastone tedeseo Vltalia nan doma:
Jfon oreseon algiogo le siirpi di Bomu:
Piik Italia non vuole stranier e tiranni,
Oii^ troppi son gli anni ehe dura il servi
Fa fuora d'ltalia, eoe.
2.
Too long cruel tyrants have trampled as under,
The chains they hare forged us are rlren asunder :
The Scions of Italy rise in defiance ,
Her flag nobly flutters where breezes are hind:
To landward and seaward, the Foe shall be brohen,
Where Heroes hsTe gathered, where Martyrs have spoken,
And Italy's Throne shall be rooted in Freedom,
Whilst Monarch and people are all of one mind:
Then hurl our fierce foemen, etc.
B748S
EngliBb Teraion by
Dr. Th. Baker
Rumania
National Hymn
17
Maestoso
E. A. Hiibsch
Ift^"*^ J J | rn J.^IJ J J I J r ^
*^ Tra^eM^ed Be -ge-le In pa-ee si o - nor,
In pa-ee si o - nor, De tea-ra
Long be tby reign, O King! Loud - ly thy praise we sing; Thou to our
i' i i~r f^'j ii
in "H^ tar S^a-^pa-^ra ^ tar de tea^ra! Fi - e Damn Glo-ri- as Pes - te
land Shalt bring Hon-or, peace and_ glo-ryl May our Lord bless thy sword, Bring aid to
^^^m
, J;*ff J &l r j l
na%, Fie'n pe * ei no^rO'-eos^ In res - bai. Dam-no^ sfin - te
alll Strive with might fi>r the right, Ntfer mayst thoo, falll Lord Gkxl, oh_ hear usi
i
^
Ce " re-se pa-rin-te, Sus^ti-ne eua ta ma^nd Ca - rtf - iSonSd - ma - nd.
Be Thou still near ust Fail Thou Ru - ma-nia nev-er, Guard herorown fbr ev- eri
18
Poesia de
H. Lopes de Mendon9a
English Tersion by
Dr. Th. Baker
Marcia
A Portuguesa
Portuguese National Hymn
Musiea de A. Keil
i. Her-oe* do mmr, no . bre
1. Sail on a • far, O ye
^^^ ^%t.^
^ «^ «%il
p\ fJ >>>Js j^ l J- liJZPpJ
po . vo^ Jfa-fSo va^len - te^ im-mor-talj
be - roesi Im-mor-tal fame waits on ye altt
Ze- van-tae ho • Je de
Onoe a - gain rise in jfrnr
p'j^ i j j, j^> p i o^Mj> ^ j ^
no ' vo (fes-jden-dor^^ de Por^tu-galL
man -hood For the glo - ryof Por-tu-gall.
Bn^treaehrtimae da me^w^o^ria^Oh
From the mists of by-gone a - ges, O
^rt
iiiJJUJi (I I
pa - tria mm- te • Ma ih^jv
teus e - gre-gioe a - t^ot Que ha - ifo jpii^
men, theysumr-mon jre all, From the tomb jroor fore-fa-thers oall To arms in the
^^
i
S7488
Coro
or • - tea vie -to -
war Free - dom wa -
. ria! Ae or
- gesl To arms,
moMj as €tr ' - mae! so^ote^
then, to arms, theni On the
ter - ra^ so . bre^ mar^
sea and shore we throng;
As ar- - mas^^ as ar- - mas/ Pe - la
To arms, then, to arms, thenI For the
^^^ ® mA .
' ''^' ' ■i f i
* ^ #^
j»a - tritt fu ' otarL
home - land oar songi
J, ^)i^i|j j J., jMj^te
W' traps eon 'hoes mar»eharj mar •char I ^
While can-non roar, we^l march a - longt.
ji ijH i.
%21 «^ « %1
J. Deifralda a invieta bandeira
A luM viva do teu eeol
Brade a Europa a terra inteira:
Portugal nao pereeeul
Beija o s6lo teu/ueundo
Oeeano^ a rugir dhmarf
B teu hra^o veneedor
Beu mundos novos ao mundol
(C6ro.)
t. Saudae o sol que desponta
Sobre um ridente porvir;
Seja o echo de uma Oiffronta
O signal do resurgir.
Baios d^essa aurora forte
8So eomo beijos de mae,
Que nos guardam, nos sustem,
Contra as injurias da sorts.
(Coro.)
«^ «
2. Our banner wave free and fearless
Beneath our olear, ever-smiling skies,
Let the shout rise from the nations
That the pride of Portugal ne'er dies I
Ocean-waves in tones of thunder
Cry out on our blessed shore:
Yours the sailors who of yore
Found new worlds for an old world\i wonderl
(Chorus.)
8. We hail the morn brightly dawning,
That holds a promise of day so bright I
Let the manhood of the nation
Show how well we defend the right I
Like the kiss our mothers gave us,
The rays of that rising sun
Warm the heart of every one
With love that shall guide and save us I
(Chorus.)
a7488
20
Himno Bayames
The Hymn of Free Cuba
Tempo moderato di marcia
Words* and Music by
Pedro Figueredo
Arranged by J. Marin Varona
P
ha - te oo^rred, Ba-ya -me
com - bat a -way, Ba-ya - me
seSj Que la pa-triaoseantem^pla or -^ gu^
sesy Whom your coun • try regards with proad e -
t;
Uo
mo
jM j,_ ji I J j^ ii r Ji p
£
P ^ P* P
sa} Bom - ped ya la oa -de ^ nao -mi - fU^
tion; Break the chain that restrains your de . vo
sa A los
tion, Raise of
Note. These verses are the authentic ones, as published by their author in ''El Cubano libre" (the first sepa-
ratist periodical in Cuba) on Oct. 27, 1868.
S7488
Copyright f 1917 ^ by O. Schdrmer
SI
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Notes on the Histories of
The National Anthems of the Allies
THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER
The words of the Star-Spangled Banner were written by Francis Scou Key, son of John Rom Key,
an officer in the Revolutionary army. He was bom August 1, 1779, and died Jan< 11, 1843. The words
were written Sept. 14, 1814, under the following circumstances: After burning Washington, the British
advanced towards Baltimore, and were met by a similar number of Americans, most of whom were captured
and taken to the large fleet then preparing to attack Fort M cHenry. Among the prisoners taken at Biadena-
burg was a Doctor Beanes, an intimate friend of Mr. Key. Hoping to intercede for the Doctor's rdease,
Mr. Key, with a flag of truce, started in a sailboat for the vessel of the Admiral (Cockbum). He secured
the Doctor's release, but was prevented from returning to Baltimore by the bombardment of Fort McHenry,
which barred the British fleet from the capture of the dty. Mr. Key paced the deck for the residue of
the night in painful suspense. When at length the Kght of day came, he saw that ^'our flag was still there,"
and in the fervor of the moment he wrote on the back of a letter^ which he happened to have in his pocket,
the song which became the American national anthem. The words were first printed in the '^Baltimore
Patriot** of September 20, 1814, at the instance of Mr. Key's brother-in-law. Judge Nicholson, to whom
also the credit seems due for indicating the tune 'To Anacreon in Heaven" (by John Stafford Smith, an
English composer), then very popular in America under this title and also that of ** Adams and Liberty,"
as the tune to which Mr. Key's poem was to be sung. Within a few days the song became known outside
of Baltimore. Soon the original title gave way to that of 'The Star-Spangled Banner," and before long
many romantic legends obscured the real history of the song. Gradually but steadily it gained its position
as the national anthem of the United States in the minds of the American people. It has neyer been pro-
claimed officially the national anthem of the United States by act of Congress, but a spedal regulation
during President Roosevelt's administration made its exclusive use for official purposes obligatory on the
army and navy. — Sommbck: 'The Star-Spangled Banner" (1914).
NoTB.— Though BO toag or hyma has been fMdtXLj adopted at a aatioiial hynn ia the United States, there are many that
emeu patriotic sentiment and are to popular at to, make them in fact national. But most or all of these are published in forms
differing in words or music or both. At its meeting in St. Paul in 1913, the National Education Association adopted a resolution
requesting the Bureau of Education to authorise an **official yersion" of **our national sonnl* lor use in schools. In response to
this resolution, I requested Will Earhart. Arnold J. Gantvoort, Walter J. Damrosch, John rhilip Sousa and O. G. T. Sonneck to
serve as a committee on this subject and to select or arrange and subaut to me a venion of each of these songs lor approval for
use in the schools. This versioa of *The Sur-SpaagM Banner^ has been submitted by this committee.
P. P. CLazioii, I^. $. C^mwdssianif 9i Simmiam
GOD SAVE THE KING
The authonlup of thia toul-ttirring gong it atill a nutter of dispute. The first definite and unassailable
fact is that in 1745, during the Scotch Rebellion, the song was sung at the London theatres as *'a loyal song
or anthem," in a version substanUally similar to that now in vogue. Single phrases of the air have been
traced as far back as the be^nning of the seventeenth century, and striking similarities have also been
discovered in the works of Henry Purcell, the greatest of British composers; but it is still a mystery who
gave to the world the song in its entirety. Generally Henry Carey is assumed to have written and com-
posed the song, as we know it, about 1740, but his claims rest on insecure evidence. Lately, James Oswald,
a Scottish musician of some prominence about that time, has been brought forward by various writers,
without convincing data. The Mr was appropriated before the end of the century by Denmark and Prussia
for their national anthems, and later by various other German sutes. In America it was used, of course,
during Colonial times in the same manner as in Great Britain. In 1832 the Rev. S. F. Smith used the air
for his poem ^My country, 'tis of thee" under the title of ''America," and it was first publicly sung at the
Park Street Church, Boston, on July 4, 1832. ''America" is still preferred by many to '^The Star-Spanned
Banner" as the national anthem of the United Sutes. — Cummings: "God save the King" (1902); it «/•
(22]
274SS
23
LA MARSEILLAISE
The exhilarating strains of the French National Anthem, which just now are heard on every hand, were
the inspiration of Rouget de Tlsle, a young officer who was stationed at Strassburg. Dining one night
in the Spring of 1792 with the Mayor, the latter requested his guest, who at one time had been a teacher
of music, to compose a song for the Volunteers who were about to leave. After a frugal repast of garrison
bread and ham he returned to his lodgings in the ^'Grande Rue," and there, in a fit of enthusiasm, wrote in
one night the words and music of one of the most stirring melodies the world has ever known 1 It was sung
at a Gvic Dinner at Marseilles and met with such instant success that copies were at once printed and dis-
tributed to the Volunteers, who sang it as they entered Paris, marching to the storming of the Tuilleries.
In honor of them the delighted Parisians gave it the name it now bears, and almost immediately the rous-
ing strains of ''La Marseillaise'' were heard in every comer of France*
The authorship of both words and music have been disputed, but Rouget de I'lsle's claims were fully
and finally established in a pamphlet which appeared in 1865, written by his nephew.
LA BRABANgONNE
Quite unlike the other European National Anthems is the one associated with Belgium, although this
also sprang up in the very breath of battle. The words were written during the revolution of 1830, when
the country obtained her freedom, and the author, Louis Dechez, sumamed Jenneval, was killed in action
near Antwerp. The music was composed by Francois van Campenhout, who was bom at Brussels in 1779
and who began his musical career in the orchestra at the theatre in that city. He developed a fine tenor
voice, and for thirty years he was to be found singing in the principal towns of Holland, Belgium and France;
during this time he also devoted himself to composition, and brought out several operas and many smaller
works, but it is chiefly as the composer of ''La Braban^nne'' that Campenhout is known. He died at
Brussels in 1848.
RUSSIAN NATIONAL HYMN
It was as a result of hearing the English National Anthem that Tsar Nichdas commanded General
Alexis Lwoff, a member of the suite who had accompanied him on his travels, to write something to equal
or even surpass *'God save the Ring." The General, who was a good musician and recognized as a fine
violinist in several of the great cities of Europe, and who had composed operas and much church music,
set to work on words written by Joukovsky, and so in 1833 the stately anthem was given to the world.
The Tsar was so delighted with the composition, that he gave orders that it was to be immediately adopted
by the whole Army, and to be performed at all important concerts, and even included in presentations on
the stage. He presented Lwoff with a magnificent gold snuff-box set with diamonds, and commanded that
the words ''God save the Tsar*' should be introduced into the armorial bearings of the composer^s family.
The General became Director of the Royal Court Chapel, and filled many posts of honor. He died in 1870.
JAPANESE NATIONAL HYMN
Very little information can be obtained regarding the history of the National Anthem of the Japanese,
but it appears that at the commencement of the 10th century the Emperor Daigo commanded a collection
of poems to be compiled under the title of the ''Kokinshu,'* and the words of "Kimigayo'' were included;
but who wrote them is not known, neither can the composer of the music be identified, although this was
written at a very much later date, apparently about fifty years ago.
SERBIAN NATIONAL HYMN
The Serbian national hymn is said to have been, originally, a poem written by Nicholas I of Montenegro,
in 1867, and set to music by Davorin Jenko in 1872. The present poem, however, is ascribed to the
Serbian poet J. GjorgjeviS, adapted to the melody by Jenko.
274SS
24
ITALIAN NATIONAL HYMN
The lack of political unity for many centuries probably accounts for the fact that Italy had no national
hymn. As in Spain, the people contented themselves with a Royal March, Marcia Reale, a rather trivial
composition written about 1834 by Gabetti. The people created a hymn for themselves during the stormy
period around 1858. To the ardent verses of Luigi Mercantini, the military bandmaster Alessio Olivieri
(1830-1867) set a genuine Italian melody, half operatic aria, half parade-march. The first who sang this
hymn were the volunteers of the Alpine Chasseurs' brigade, after whom it therefore was named **Inno di
guerra dei cacciatori delle Alpi.'' Its popularity dates from the world-famed campaign of the Thousand,
in the year 1860; since that time, when it was universally known as the '^Garibaldi Hymn," it has become
the popular national song, more especially when the wrath of the people toward foreign intruders finds vent.
RUMANIAN NATIONAL HYMN
Rumania came into possession of a national hymn at nearly the same time as Italy. The first move
in this direction was merely for the composition of a welcome-fanfare for Prince Alexander Johannes Cusa
(1820-1873); in the prize-competition set on foot to this end, in 1861, the victor was Eduard A. Hubsch
(1833-1894), military bandmaster at Jassy. The words were written later, when Rumania was raised to
a kingdom, by Vasil Alexandri, who adapted them to apply to Karl von Hohenzollem.
PORTUGUESE NATIONAL HYMN
This Portuguese National Hymn, the ^Tortuguesa," was adopted when the Monarchy was overthrown
and the Republic established, October 5, 1910.
It was written in 1891 when Portugal was excited to the highest pitch against Great Britain, in con-
sequence of the British ultimatum to Portugal to give up a large portion of Portuguese Central Africa,
which the British afterwards named '^Rhodesia" (after Cecil Rhodes). Following demonstrations and dis-
orders of all kinds, the public excitement culminated in the now historical, revolt which broke out in
^Torto," the second largest city of Portugal, on January 31, 1891.
The ^Tortuguesa,'* which had evidently been written for that occasion, was then for the first time sung
by the crowds, and its stirring music played by military bands. The revolt was finally crushed by the
forces loyal to the king, and the singing or playing of the 'Tortuguesa" was strictly forbidden, under
penalty of imprisonment, until neariy twenty years later, when the Republic was finally established. ' It
then automatically became the National Anthem.
2748S
-^ 4
HO Ji S
The Nationil antlwim of Ihe Alia
AUF'MM
3 2044 040 920 654
Date Due
AUG 9
AUG 2^ 1957
SEP D
•
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