The natural history of British insects : explaining them in their several states, with the periods of their transformations, their food, oeconomy, &c. together with the history of such minute insects as require investigation by the microscope : the whole illustrated by coloured figures, designed and executed from living specimens

< { $
,
a
Ne
ied
Ae
.
*
Viton vate
ee
hase ef
‘ ifr
¥% ti
. 2.0
a <
oy Te é
ay
: f taint
5 Si,
=
3 Pe a
“
. t 7
; iy j
by
i f
ay,
7 nay a
PE ¥
*
¥ ¢
te
nee :
€
A

un i
i

nh
He es
i y

ie,

i)

ih

aA

a

THE

MATURAL HISTORY

OF

SRI VFISH INSECTS;

EXPLAINING THEM
IN THEIR SEVERAL ISAT ES,

WITH THE PERIODS OF THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS,
THEIR FOOD, @CONOMY, &c.

TOGETHER WITH THE

HISTORY OF SUCH MINUTE INSECTS

AS REQUIRE INVESTIGATION BY THE MICROSCOPE,

THE WHOLE ILLUSTRATED BY

BOLO UR IED) By.G\U. ROE. 5,

DESIGNED AND EXECUTED FROM LIVING SPECIMENS,

By) Ex oD ONO VAN,

LONDON:
PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR,
And for F, and C. Rivincron, N° 62, Sr, Paui’s CouncH-YARDe

MDCCXCII,

V\

13'7648

Shih G HT. SKE ph Ones

OF THE

ANIMAL«o«SY $3 1E M:

Li NN 4US divided the Animal Syftem into. fix claffes.

Clafs I. Mammatta. Suckle their young.
Il. Aves. (Birds) covered with feathers.
II]. Ampureza. Lungs arbitrary.
IV. Pisces. (Fifhes) breath by gills not arbitrarily.
V. Insecra. (Infeéts) two antennx, or feelers *.
VI. Vermes. No head,

We therefore fee that Infeéts compofe the fifth Clafs in the Syftem,
and are divided into feven Orders.

Order I. Cottoprera. Wings two, covered by two fhells divided
by a longitudinal future.
II. Hemiprera. Shells or covers of the wings, fomewhat
foft, and incumbent on each other.
II. Leprpoprera. Wings four, imbricated with minute
{cales. ;

® Thofe feelers are the two horns that are affixed to the head.

B 2 IV. Neve

‘ PLATE?

IV. Nevroptrera. Wings four, naked, tranfparent, reticu-
Jated, with veins or nerves. ‘Tail without fting.
V. HymMenopTera. Wings four. Membraneous; tail of the
female armed with a fting.
VI. Diprera. Wings two.
VII. Aprera. No wings.

TRANSFORMATIONS OF INSECTS.

Many of our readers are no doubt acquainted with the fingular
transformations Infects undergo, but we truft thofe will pardon a
digreffion which may be ufeful to thofe who have not that knowledge 5
and without premifing farther we proceed to inform them, that Infects
in general undergo a material change in their form at ftated periods
of their lives; there are fome, though few, which burft forth from
the egg perfectly formed, as Spiders, &c. but the greater part exift
in four feveral ftates: the firft that of the egz, whence the Larva, or
Caterpillar is produced; it is at firft very minute, but in this ftate it
feeds, fome kinds on one or two plants only, others promifcuoufly on
many, they therefore continue to increafe in fize, moulting feveral
times the outer fkin, until the deftined period of their dormant ftate
approaches ; they: then fpin a web more or lefs {trong according to the
fpecies, and are converted into the aurelia, or chryfalis; and laftly
they burft forth in due feafon with all their accomplifhments perfect.
It is under this form they propagate a future race, and themfelves
perifh, as they rarely furvive the inclemencies'of the winter.

The antient naturalifts held fuppofitions very imperfect and erro-
neous relative to thofe transformations, but MJalpight and Swammer-
dam proved by many accurate examinations clearly, that thofe changes
were not fuddenly effected, but gradual; and that under the form of
the Caterpillar they could diftinguifh the future changes the Infect
would undergo.

2 OL Aah

Pas yd al,

ie
{

PHALANA PAVONITIA,
Emperor Moru.

LEPIDOPTERA.

Infects of the LEPIDOPTERA ORDER are divided into three Genera,
Papitio, Spuinx, and PHaLrana, Butterflies, Hawk Moths, and
Maths. ‘The characters of the two former hereafter: thofe of the
Phalzena are

GENERIC CHARACTER.

The antennz fetaceous, decreafing in fize from the bafe to the

apex. The wings, when at reft, are generally deflected. They fly
in the night.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Antennz feathered. No trunk. Wings expanded, horizontal,
rounded, entire, with a large eye in the center of each; the firft red-
brown waved; the fecond orange. The antenne of the male are
broader, and the wings of the female larger, waved with black and
white and bordered with yellow. Caterpillar green or yellow, fpinous,
on thorns and brambles. Length of the moth one inch.—Berken. Out.

The conformity and likenefs which prevails between the male and
fernale throughout the greater part of the animal fyftem, cannot how-
ever in infects be implicitly depended on; the difference in many is
fuch as even to miflead fome very accurate entomologifts, the
illuftrious Linnzus not excepted. In this fpecies it is not fo great as

in

Re hon
iy

PLA Sas. -

in many, but fuch as entitles it to a figure in a future plate; the want
of room determining us to defer it for the prefent. Our figure is that

of the male.

Albin, (Plate 25, Subject 37,) has given a figure of the male and
female on the fame plate, and defcribes a male to have changed to the
- aurelia ftate as in our plate reprefented Fx/y 16, and March 18 fol-
lowing to have produced the Fly. But the time of their appearance de-
pends on the proportion of heat and cold; what the author mentions
was preferved from the feverity of winter, in a warm room ; the ufual
time to find them in the caterpillar ftateis Auguft, and in April the fly.

The fingular provifion which nature makes for the protection of
this Fly deferves particular notice ; when the time of its continuation
in the caterpillar ftate is expired, like all others, it refufes to eat; it
then, by much labour, forms a kind of bag or purfe, of a very tough
fubftance ; this it fixes againft the trunks of trees, &c. by a number
of hairs or filaments, which remain on the external furface. It lines
the outer cafe by one of a finer texture, the top of which is clofed by
feveral briftles that unite in the center, exactly reprefenting a cap, and
excludes almoft the poffibility of its receiving an injury during this
defencelefs ftate. In this bag it paffes to the aurelia, and remains until
the birth of the perfect infet.—Our figure reprefents the chryfalis or
aurelia in the bag; part appears torn away to exhibit its fituation
therein.

Were we to unite the feveral accounts of authors refpecting its food
it would appear a general feeder; it will however live on the rofe, the
elm, and the willow; and on thorns and brambles particularly,

PLATE

P LA is) aT,

EF IuG.) I

MONOCULUS QUADRICORNIS,

APTERA.

Apterous infects are diftinguifhed chiefly by having no wings in
either male or female.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

The feet are formed for fwimming. ‘The body is covered with a
cruftaceous cafe or fhell. ‘The eyes fixed in the fhell very near each
other.

SpeciFic CHARACTER.

Grey brown. Oneeye. Antennz four. Body diminifhes towards
the tail, which is long and bifid, with three or four ftrong hairs on
each fide. A bag of eggs on each fide of the tail. Length half a
line.—Berk. Out.

Although this infeét may have been noticed by many fwimming, or
rather darting fwiftly in various directions in water; its minutenefs is
fuch, that the moft attentive could never have comprehended precifely
its component parts; but the microfcope difcovers it to be an animal
of fuch fingular formation as highly to deferve the attention of the
naturalift. It is covered by a firm cruftaceous fubftance, divided into
annulations, and armed in feveral parts with fpines and briftles; not-

withftanding

4

i al pe

PLA FR ye 9

withftanding which, this fhell is fo tranfparent that the whole motion
of the inteftines is very vifible by a good magnifier.

It muft be granted that, but for the microfcope, the wonders of
the minute creation would be to us entirely unknown, our ideas could
never fuppofe the exiftence of thofe animated forms which occupy
the immeafurable fpace between an apparent atom and nothing. “The
myriads of animations, thoufands of times {maller than a mite, muft
evade our cognizance, and be an actual conviction of their non
exiftence.

But with all the utility that the microfcope cam boaft, no inftru-
ment is fo likely to miflead the moft accurate obferver, particularly
if not in the habit of ufing it; the variations of light, the powers of
magnification, or the damage the glafles may meet with by accident,
fuch as requires every one to examine with the greateft care; one
degree of light may bring an objec to view, whilft another may en-
tirely blend it with the fluid it exifts in; or one glafs may difcover
fpines on an object, another glafs might have reprefented perfectly
fmooth ; it is therefore neceflary to begin with a {mall power, in pro-
portion to the fize of the object, and to proceed to deeper mag-
nifiers after.

There is feme difference in our figure and thofe either of Barbut, or
of Baker, which appears chiefly from our ufing a fingle lens nearly
of the deepeft power convenient to ufe. Our glafles were the 20th
and 3oth of an inch focus.

We very attentively examined the eyes, and found, not one, but
two, placed near each other, on a fcale or plate of a black colours
hence arifes the appearance of a fingle eye by a {mall magnifying
power.

The tail prefents a forked appearance by a deep power, and the
eggs are contained in two bags, one on each fide the tail, “The co-
lour varies probably in proportion to the nature of its food, to pale
green, more or lefs of a red, or of a grey brown colour.

Fic.

10 Pel) At ae NT,

Pale: “IF.

This minute animalcula is frequent in ftagnant water, or in
infufions of vegetables, and is one fpecies of thofe whofe exiftence
can only be difcovered by a good microfcope. It is very difficult,
confidering the power thofe creatures have to diftort their true form
at pleafure, to fix their diftinguifhing character: therefore where the
definition appears dubious, we prefer being filent rather than hazard
an error.

Fic. 2. Reprefents them (magnified) as they fometimes feem to
follow the leader in herds ; but perhaps it is only the fcent of the prey
that induces each to follow the foremoft, as they frequently {wim or
whirl in the water feparately, with great fwiftnefs, devouring the
fmaller kinds of animalculz.

Fic. 3. Two, magnified by a deep power, when they appear to
have feet or fins.

Fic. 4. Shews the ftrange form it affumes to depofit its eggs.

Fic. 5. The Eggs deeper magnified.

PLATE

ee

ARN
pA
a

Pesaro Ee? TE

PHALANA BUCE PHA ‘LA,

Burr-tie Morn.

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antenne taper from the bafe to the apex, and are fetaceous.
Wings in general defleCted when at reft. Fly by night. No Trunk.
Wings reverfed, i.e. firft Wings horizontal and fecond erect.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Antenne feathered. Firft Wings grey, with two double tranfverfe
brown waves, and a large yellowifh brown {pot at the extreme angle.
Second Wings plain, light yellow, length fcarce one inch. Cater-

pillar hairy, yellow with black fpots. On Oaks, Ath, &c.—Berken-
bout.

The delicate affemblage of beautiful down which cloath the upper
wings of the Bufi-tip Moth is its chief recommendation ; the hiftory
affords but little for obfervation, it is hatched from the egg in Augu/t,
and in une following the fly is perfect.

Its beauty avails not the race of birds who purfue them from
neceffity, or from an innate defire of cruelty and devaftation; and
~ whilf

12 PL Aww EY tT,

whilft happy in its apparent fecurity, ranging the plain to experience
the pleafures of liberty, to banquet in the nectareous profufion of the
vegetable kingdom, or catch the dew-drop from the humid air, to
infpirit and refrefh his parched fyftem from the mid-day heat, he be-
comes a dupe to his happinefs, his pleafures at once fully, and he falls
an unrefifting viGtim into the devouring jaws of death,

PVE A TD Ee ae

PHALZENA GROSSULARIATA.
Macpye, or Currant-Mortne

GENERIC CHARACTER,

The antennz fetaceous, decreafing in fize from the bafe to the point.
‘The Wings, when at reft, generally deflected. Fly by night.

Antenne taper, like briftles.

SpeciFic CHARACTER.

Antennz and Legs black. Body yellow, with black fpots. Wings
white, with many black patches, and a tranfverfe yellow wave on the
firft pair. Caterpillar white, with black fpots ‘on the Back; Belly
yellow. Berk, Out.

Seema EE Lai! ER IMS DNE A

The Magpye-Moth is one of the geometre; and feeds on Goofberry
and Currant-bufhes, as it’s name indicates. The Caterpillar is found
in May ; and in Fuly, the Fly.

The Caterpillar, previous to its change to the Chryfalis ftate, fpins
a web of a very flight and delicate texture, by which it is fufpended
horizontally againit the branches of trees, &c. as in our Plate re-
prefented,

SR 9

Cha i

Ni

t
Y,

} %

a
Wy Lisa
Oe cs a 4

2 ges ge ls

BG. ul:

MONOCULUS CONCHACEUS.,

APTERA.
Without wings.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
Body covered with a cruft or fhell. Feet made for fwimming.
SpecrFic CHARACTER.

Inclofed in a bivalve, afh-coloured fhell, from the aperture of
which it puts forth a number of capillary antennz, which it retracts
when taken out of the water.

To acquire a proper knowledge of the formation of this minute in-
fet, it is neceffary to ufe a microfcope with a glafs ftage for objects,
or rather fuch as admit of nicely adjufting a talc as occafion may re-
quire: the infect to be taken from the water with a camel-hair pencil,
and carefully placed on the tale ; after which it may be examined by a
magnifier of 2 of an inch focus; but in proceeding to a deeper power,
let the talc be turned the upper furface with the infe&t in the drop of
the fluid from the lens, and thereby the lens may approach the object
to its proper focus ; without this caution the lens would be frequently
immerged in the water, and entirely obftruct the fight.

In the adult ftate, the opacity of the bivalve fhell, its external co-
vering, fo entirely obfcures the internal motion, that nothing, except
the filaments it throws from the aperture or opening, is vifible by the
microfcope.

It breaks from the egg perfeCtly formed, but very minute and tran
parent; this is therefore the beft time to difcover its ftructure, and
from one in this ftate we have taken our figure.

5 By

Poly Amey av.

i)

By the antenne it dire&ts its courfe, as does the Monoculus Quadri-
cornis; and like italfo it hath two eyes fixed in the fhell, but it can com-
pletely envelop its head in its bivalve covering ; its mouth is beneath,
but the numerous filaments it darts forth, caufes fuch a violent motion
in the water, that the minuter infects are unrefiftingly drawn between
them, and forced to the mouth.

The motion of its lungs is very vifible, as are alfo the veffels rami-
fying thence. Its food is carried to, and digefted in the deep-coloured
tube, or inteftine, and the refufe is difcharged bya fudden jerk from
the extremity of the tube, or anus.

‘Thus it exifts, a life of rapine and deftruction, enjoyed at the ex-
pence of the lives of thoufands; and as the objects of its ravenous dif-
pofition are defencelefs, fo are they the fport of their conqueror: the
few moments of intermiffion its craving appetite grants them, is occu-
pied equally in the fpoil, firft preffing them to death, and then toffing
them undevoured into the fluid.

But fhould a more powerful infe& oppofe him, he immediately con-
tracts his parts, and nothing more than the external covering is open to
his antagonift’s violence, and he will fooner die ignobly than offer the
leaft oppofition.

Pi liGsy ; tk

This animalcule is very minute, and appears like a fine membrane
without inteftines before the microfcope; from the appearance of its
winged fides, it is fuppofed to refemble a bird. It is called Burfaria
Etrundinella.

Foi Gey dilh

The back and fide view of an animalcule found in ditch-water on
duck-weed, very pellucid, and fingularly marked in the inteftines ;
tail moveable, and thereby it directs its courfe.

Pea TE. Vi.

SPHINX FILIPENDULA.

Burnet Morn.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Sphinx, Antennz thickeft in the middle. Wings, when at reft,
deflexed. Fly flow, morning and evening only.

Speciric CHARACTER.

Antennz, Legs, and Body black. Second Wings red, with a greenifh
border. Firft Wings bluifh green, with fix red f{pots, in pairs, length
eight lines. Caterpillar yellow, with black fpots. Berk, Out.

TE

The female has but five red fpots on the upper Wing, the two {pots

at their bafe being placed fo near each other as only to form one
large f{pot.

It feeds on the Geni/fa Anglica, needle furze ; on the Ulex Europecus,
common furze ; and on the filipendula.

The Caterpillars of moft of the infects of this genus are armed with
a {pine or horn above the anus, in which particular this differs. It is
in the Caterpillar ftate in May, and ‘une, and in “fuly the Sphinx,

ae]

Pigs fk (OR. 0es) o BR,

|
Cre RYS ET Soe GG aN iL in wle

HYMENOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER,

The abdomen hath three annulations exclufive of the anus, the
antennz hath twelve articulations, exclufive of the firft joint which is
longer than the reft. The body fhines like polifhed metal. A kind
of collar is very diftinct in this gewus. ‘The anus is dentated, having
one, two, or more teeth.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

The antennz are black, the thorax a fine mazarine blue, having in
fome poiitions a greenifh caft, the abdomen a fine gold colour with
fhades of crimfon and yellow green; the anus hath four teeth or
denticulations.—arris Inf.

Exotic Infects, or at leaft thofe of the Eaft, and Welt Indies, for
the effulgence, and beauty, of their colouring in general, claim a
fuperiority over the natives of this climate; but the appearance of this
Chryfis -before the {peculum of an opake microfcope, may vie with
many of the moft favourite foreigners hitherto difcovered: the richnefs

D of

‘

20 oy PE A eee VLE,

of changeable coiours blending into each other, according to the vari-
ations of the light reflected on the furface, is fuch that we freely con-
fefs our inability, or even the inability of art, to equal, though we

truft our figure will give fome idea of the delightful appearance of the
original.

The Fly of the natural fize is given on the fore ground, the mag-
nified figure above. ei

4

It is found againft decayed trees or Walls, in the hotteft fun-fhine
of Summer,

PL Aas

Biles, wad)
aN,

ui
Som
Fyre ae
%

Roe

neem}

Bee AGLTIE, Wit:

VORTICELLA LUNARIS

GENERIC CHARACTER.

A worm capable of contracting or extending itfelf, naked, with
rotatory cilia.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Simple, hemifpherical, with a twifted pedicle.

© The {mall head of this animalculum is crater-form, the margin
“¢ of the orifice protuberant, ciliated on both fides, the hairs undula-
“ ting, the pedicle eight or ten times-the length of the body. As
often as the mouth is opened, the pedicle extends itfelf; when it is
fhut, this is twifted up fpirally, and their motions are often reite-
“ rated in a fhort fpace.

“ Fic. 1. the head, expanded.
the undulated edge.”

Fic. 2. when fhut———F ice. 3.
6

an

Adams’s Effays on the Microfcope.

Fic. 4. found in infufions of hay; and is called Trichoda Uvula.

D2 PLATE

Lia |
ho.
i)

fa

POE ACTER A 1X,

PHALHNA EVONYMELLA.

SMALL Ermine Morn,

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antenne taper like briftles.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Firft wings filver-white, with fifty fmall black fpots in rows.
Second wings lead-colour.

Phaleena Evonymella feeds on the white-thorn, black-thorn, and on
fruit-trees ; in May the caterpillars are hatched, and as they live in
focieties of hundreds, or even thoufands, by their united induftry they
{pin a web fpacious enough to contain the family, and therein they
ailume their feveral forms ; early in June they become chryfalides,
and in about fourteen days the Flies are perfect.

The caterpillars of the Pha. Padella and Evonymella are ever
found in the fame fociety, and many circumftances may be advanced _
4 to

Sere

Kt Rie
Wate

Oy

pt! +> »
te Shed Cane a

Bok alt Ei De a4

to prove them either varieties of each other, or difference of fex only,
» although Linnzeus confidered them as diftinct fpecies. They differ in
colour, the caterpillars of one being light yellow brown, the other
black, and the upper wings of the Evcnymella are lefs of a lead colour
than thofe of the Padella.

To gain information on this fubject, we, this feafon, put the eggs
of feveral females into different glafles; the eggs of each female pro-
duced both kinds of caterpillars, they became chryfalides, and a num-
ber of each fort of the Flies came forth.

PLATE

Poe A Eo

PHALANA CHRYSORRHGA.
YELLow Tait Moru.

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

No trunk. Wings depreffed, deflexed. Back fmooth.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Antenne feathered. Entirely white, except the extremity of the
abdomen, which is yellow. Caterpillar black and red, hairy.—
Berk, Out.

Linnzus in the Sy/tema Nature, has confounded the Yellow Tail,
with the Brown Tail, Moth, nor was it generally confidered as an
error till fome time after ; but the immenfe increafe of the caterpillars
of the Brown Tail Moth in the year 1780, afforded an opportunity
of determining them to be diftinct fpecies.

Though foreign to our purpofe, and properly under the hiftory of the
Brown Tail Moth, we cannot pafs over fuch remarkable circumftances
as attended the uncommon increafe of this fpecies in the above winter.

The

Bre kT Eee 26

ew Lhe fears of the public muft have been great indeed, when prayers
were offered to avert the famine fuppofed to be threatened by the ap-
pearance of thofe infects in the ftate of the caterpillar.

In July the Caterpillar is found feeding on the white-thorn, fallow,
apple-trees, and on fruit-trees in general, about the latter end of the
fame month it fpins a web of a tough texture again{ft the branches
of trees, &c, becomes an aurelia, and in Auguft the Fly comes forth.

Wo

1

Pee 2 ee

ACARUS COLEOPTRAT O RUM,

*s

BEETLE-LICK.

APTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Legs eight. Eyes two, lateral. ‘Tentaculz two, jointed.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Tawny. Anus whitith.

This Tick is one of thofe deteftable race of animals whofe minutenefs
fecures it from danger, while it draws nutriment from the blood, and
frequently from the vitals of larger infeéts. Every animal is tormented
by thofe cruel and blood-thirfty beings, varying in fize, in fhape, and
in colour, but whether they be diftinguifhed by the name of lice,
bugs, fleas, or mites, they fall under one point of view, when con-
fidered as a peft to the focieties of other animals.

Beetles are in general infefted and feverely injured by thofe vermin.
I found about a month fince one of the Scarabeus Stercorarius, Com-

E mon

28 (Po Ae ON:

mon Dor, or Clock, almo® devoured alive by them; little except his
fhell remaining ; yet, in this ftate it lived feveral days. “There were
a number of {mall brown bags athxed by pedicles to its breaft, thighs,
and even feet; the microfcope difcovered thofe to contain each an
embryo, and the pedicle, no doubt, anfwered the part of an umbilical —
chord, to extract nourifhment from the living creature. I per-
ceived on further infpection their bafe penetrated the fhell, or entered
the apertures.

Fic. 1. Natural fize of the Tick and Embryo.

Fic. 2. The upper fide, and Fie. 3. under fide, magnified.

GRADUAL, from thefe what numerous kinds defcend,
Evading even the microfcopic eye!

All Nature fwarms with life ; one wond’rous mafs

OF Animals or Atoms organized,

Waiting the vital breath, when PARENT HEAVEN
Shall bid his Spirit blow. —— -—— —— ——
—> s—— Thefe, conceal’d
By the kind art of forming HEAVEN, efcape

The groffer eye of man: for, if the worlds

In worlds inclos’d, fhould on his fenfes burft,

From cates ambrofial, and the neftar’d bowl

He would abhorrent turn 3 and in dead night

When filence Meeps o’er all, be funn’d with noife.
THOMSON’s SEASONS.

PLATE

i" sar
mah

: hi) Hay veretty,
atten

Ls

Pe Ae See

CICINDELA CAMPESTRIS.

SPARKLER.

CoLEOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennz taper. Jaws prominent, denticulated. Eyes prominent,
‘Thorax margined. Five joints in each foot.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Above green-gold. Beneath copper tinged. Eyes large. "Thorax
angular and narrower than the head. Six fpots on each fhell. An
oval fubftance at the bafe of each thigh. Legs long and flender.

This beautiful infe& varies fomething in fize and colour, the fpots
on the elytra are generally white, but are often found with {pots of
yellow ; they fly or run quick, are carnivorous, and live in dry fandy
places. In the {pring its larva is found, which refembles a long, foft,
whitifh worm, with fix legs and a brown {caly head ; it perforates

9° the

a5 OP Aas.

ro)

“the fand perpendicularly, and refts near the furface to enfnare {maller

infects.

It is very dificult, if at all poffible, to breed thofe infects and ob+
ferve their metamorphofes; we have tried various methods, but have
not yet been fo fortunate as to fucceed.

13

aest

[nl © pica ad Baie Data SD

eC Ce AGN. US CCE RV, US,

Stac BEETLE.

CoLEOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennz clavated, comprefled, pectinato-fiffile. Maxille extended
fo as to refemble horns. Five joints in each foot.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Head and Thorax black. Shells dark brown. Horns refembling
thofe of a Stag, forked at the end, a fmall branch near the middle on
the infide, moveable. Shells plain.

The Stag-Beetle is the largeft coleopterous infect we poflefs, but its
fize is infignificant, when compared with thofe of the fame kind that
inhabit hot countries or woodlands, as inftanced in the Scarabeus
Flercules, &cs

©
ae €

32 PL ge) X00

=

It is fufficiently diftinguifhed in this country by the moveable maxil-
Jz, or jaws, that project from the head; they are of a dark red co-
Jour, and though brighter in fome fpecimens, are rarely of the beau-
tiful coral appearance Barbut and other authors have defcribed.

Coleopterous infects in general are endowed with amazing ftrength,
and their arms are equally ferviceable for the aflault or defence. The
antlers of this Beetle are carefully to be avoided by fuch as attempt to
deprive it of liberty; with them it ftrips off the bark of oak trees, and
attaches itfelf firmly to the trunk, thence extracting the liquor that

eozes with its tongue.

They are plentiful in June and July, in Kent and Effex, and in many
ether parts of Britain.

The ee are known by their maxillze being much fhorter than
thofe of the males; they depofit their eggs under the bark of old trees,
either oak or afh, and the food of the larvee, or grubs, is the internal
fubftance of the trunk, firft reduced to a fine powder; they undergo -
transformation in this cell, and force a paflage through the bark when
perfect beetles,

Pla is

14:

533.9)

eubae B XEY

RP LemOpDaA POCIL LUM

TRICHODA.
An invifible, pellucid, hairy worm.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER,

Oblong trichoda, the fore-part truncated and hairy, the tail articu-
Jated, and divided into two briftles.

This invifible animalculum is common in marfhy places, particu-
larly in the fwamps near the banks of the river Thames,

When magnified, the body is pellucid, and appears as two feparate
bodies, one enclofing the other; the interior part is filled with mole-
cules, and the exterior is membranaceous: they are capable of exten-
fion or dilation, and of folding in various direGtions. At the extre-
mity of the interior part is a mufcular orbicular membrane, which is
opened or fut at pleafure, and forms the mouth.

Fic. 1. The interior part protruded with the mouth open.

Fic. 2. The jaws thut.

F 2 EP aA

Dott bebe bia nett a 7

iL

Ga
Nini
EPA VW

a)
Pig)

vy |

Rigs |

PAL ATE XV,

PHALHNA CAJA,
Great Tycer Morn.

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antenne taper from the bafe. No trunk. Wings deprefled, de.
flexed. Back fmooth.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

¥&

Antenne feathered. Firft wings whitifh, with large irregular dark
brown fpots. Abdomen and fecond wings orange, with black fpots,

The fuperior wings in fome of this fpecies have fmaller brown
fpots, and more of the cream colour; in others the {pots are larger,'and
frequently two are united to form one. The inferior wings alfo admit
of equal variety; the {pots near the thorax are often united, and the
{mall black ftripes on the back are fewer in the prefent fpecimen than
are common to the Moth.

The

36 PL AME 4 Xv.

The caterpillars feed on lettuces, or nettles, When he is appre-
henfive of danger, he rolls himfelf up like a hedge-hog. He be-
comes a chryfalis in May; and the latter end of June, or early in
July, it produces the Moth,

PLATE

A WE,

Ig

fe37 4
PwLA TE. XV

PHALENA ANTIQUA.

Wuire Spor Tussock Morn,
OR
Vila Peon U! RE Re)

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennz taper from the bafe. No trunk. Wings deprefled. Back
hairy.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Antenne feathered. Firft wings cloudy, orange, waved and fpot-
ted with brown, and a white fpot on the pofterior angle. Female
without wings.

The female Vapourer Moth at firft fight perfectly refembles an ap-
terous infect; but on infpection, very {mall wings are feen at the ex-
tremity of the Thorax, and the antennz determine it to be a phalena.
It creeps in a fluggifh manner, and lays an abundance of eggs,

Fic. 1. the Female. Fic. 2. the Male.

The

38 PL 2 es Xve.

The Caterpillars feed on white thorn, and on trees in general. It
has been known to live on the deadly night-fhade, and other poifonous
plants. ‘The Caterpillars are found in July, and the Moth in Sep-
tember.

: Tes a
; oy eat sf

Beta fi

a

(Bi me Te! RVI

VORTICELUA URCEOLARTS:

GENERIC CHARACTER.

A {mall animal, with a vafcular cup; the mouth is at one end
ciliated, and capable of being contracted; the ftem fixed:

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Single, with a fhort tail, and toothed mouth:

This Animalcum is but perceptible to the naked eye, appearing ag
a {mall white fpeck; the microfcope difcovers the external covering to
be fo tranfparent, that all the motions of the animal-within are per-
fecily diftinét: It hath a double rotatory inftrument, which, however,
it can conceal or fhew at pleafure; and it hath power to protrude the
head and tail as at Pic..1. or to contract them within the external coat
or covering, as at Fic. 2.—When the animal intends to difplay its
rotatory inftrument, it forces its tail through the hole at the extremity
of the outer coat, and affixes it to whatever fubftance is near; but
when it fwims, it moves its tail backwards and forwards to affift it.

‘hey are found in river, or flagnant, water.

40 Pio AUR Var,

But iG. It,

TRICHODA\ VERMIGULA RIS.

GENERIC -CHARAGT ER.

An invifible, pellucid, hairy worm.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Long cylindrical trichoda, with a fhort neck, the apex hairy,

Is found in river water, and can aflume various forms, as in our
figure fhewn, ,

she L, A es

18

Pon TD eh XVUE

NE PA (Cle E ORE A, 4

WATER SCORPION,

HEMIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER,

Antenne, or fore legs, cheliform, wings crofled and complicated ;
fore part coriaceous.

? SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Black brown. Head fmall. Antennz cheliform. ‘Thorax almoft
{quare. "Target large, brown. Shells large. One joint in each foot,
Length near an inch. In the female the abdomen terminates in twa
- Jeng appendices. Four legs only.

There ate three fpecies only of this genus common to our waters,
though the waters of hot countries abound with various kinds, fome
confiderably exceeding in fize even our Sphinx Atropos.

The Infe&t finks its eggs into the cavity of a rufh, or other aquatic
plant, whence the larve are hatched, The perfect infect is found in
y June,

43
June; and thence to September or later; they are voracious, and feed
on other aquatic animals, grafping their prey between their fore feet,

and tearing them to pieces with their fharp roftrum.—They fly in the
eveniné, and thus remove in herds from one pool to another when

PL AaB XVI.

danger approaches:

It is fuppofed by fome authors, that the fore feet of the nepa are the
antennz, and if this be admitted, the Infect hath only four feet ; but
if confidered deftitute of its antennz, it hath fix:

ee a

'

(7
“NM
ww
{J

ibe ee? OGD.

CH Ras ES) BL DLE Nia RA:

HYMENOPTERA.

GENERIC, CHARACTER.

‘Thorax joined to the abdomen bya fhort pedicle. Abdomen divided
into three fegments. Sting fimple. Wings not folded. Antenne fili-
form of one long and eleven fhori joints each.

SPECIFIG, CHARACTER.

Head and laft fegment of the body, fky blue, changeable. Thorax,
and two ‘firft annulations of the abdomen, crimfon with gold fpots.
Thorax with two teeth.

SS EE SSS ot

The Chryfis Bidentata is fearcely fo large, and by no means fo
common as the Chryfis Ignita, (not exceeding one-third of an inch in
length) but is equal, if not fuperior in beauty and richnefs of colour. The
head, but more particularly the laft fegment of the body, appears in
one direction of light, blue, in another green, in another purple, &c.
and the thorax, and two firft fegments of the abdomen are far more
enriched with a golden appearance ; the ground colour is deep crimfon,
but the metallic appearance on the lighter parts, and the number of
fmall gold fpots which befprinkle it, greatly diminith the firength of
colour, and renders ‘it, even before it is magnified, a fuperb little
infect. :

It is found in May or June in fome parts of Kent and Effex.

H PLATE

a
et

29)

Ce 4s. (oe

Pol AT ey

FS Gah,

PHALANA CHRISTIERNANA.

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Pyralis.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Firft wings yellow, with rofe-coloured marks. Under wings floffy,
brownifh grey.

The natural hiftory of this Phalzna is fo little known, that we
freely confefs our inability to fhew its transformations; and al-
though a deviation from our firft intention, we truft the fearcity of
the Fly will plead our excufe. We fhall occafionally introduce figures
of fome rare and non-defcript fubjects, which we hope will be
highly fatisfa&tory to many of our fubfcribers.

Our fpecimen was taken at Feverfham ; they are fometimes met
with about Darnwood in June or July.

FIG;

46 PLA aoe

Mo MACNN, OOP aw Ss BL OU Dal oO.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

A pellucid, invifible, cirrated worm.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Curled Himantopus; the upper part hairy, the tail extended upe
wards.

PLATE

2d

(eat

an

Pree TOKE

Po Ata A POR UN A RT A.
| Orance Morn.

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Geometre. Antennz feathered.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Wings orange, fprinkled with brown, and a femi-lunar {pot on the
firft pair. Female paler than the male. Caterpillar yellow brown,
with two fpines before and two behind.

‘The caterpillars of this Moth feed on iruit-trees, or on thorns, in
the month of May; the Chryfalis is commonly found, rolled up in a
decayed leaf, inwardly protected by the web, in June; and in July
the Moth.

The prefent figure is of the male. '

PLATE

ag J

Pik rb oO XX

Toa PB. UP Aw Pl UME Ob SAL
Sea TIPuta.

DipTERa.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Head long. Palpi four, curved. Trunk very fhort.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER,

Brown. Thorax greenifh. ie black. Fore legs longeft. Wings
fhorter than the abdomen.

Is found in the month of April near marfhes, and has been fre-
quently miftaken for the common Gnat.

Dee,
oe

Oe de

reA TE XX

Saad Pee AS Vo EeSeP TL Le
CoLEOPTERA.
GENERIC GHARACTER.

Antenne clavated, foliated. Head prominent. ‘Thorax margined.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER,

Margin of the thorax broad. Shells abbreviated, black, with two
orange belts. ‘Thigh of the hind legs large, with a fpine near theix
origin; length one inch,

This fpecies, like moft of the Coleopterous Infects, delights in filth
and putrefcence, and are rarely found except in the dung, or dead bodies
of larger animals, whofe entrails they devour; they prey on the larvze
of fmaller infeéts beneath the furface of the earth, or they will deftroy
each other. Their Grubs are fecreted in perforations made in the
earth by the female, and therein they change to their laft or perfect
ftate-in June or July: thofe Grubs are to be found by following the
track of a plough.

They fly well with the tranfparent wings, which are concealed be-
neath the Elytra or upper Shells. The male is rather {maller than the
female, and the orange belts are of a deeper hue: though both male
and female vary in the ftrength of colour when alive, and yet more
when preferved in cabinets, as they fometimes become almoft brown.
All infe&ts are fubject to this change, whatever may be the care of the
eollector.

pm I Pa AMEE

Peer ie
{ 4G hy

ab et

; Gy f
eae. i ul

wa)
ANS
\ he iba

Tf

a4

=

oe

Pie 2 EB XAXTYV.

LIBELLULA DEPRESSA,
DVR ANG oow | aL y,

NEUROPTERA.

Wings four, naked, tranfparent, reticulated with veins or nerves.
Tail without a fting.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with two long lateral jaws. Antenne very fhort. “Tail of
the male forked. Wings extended.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Eyes brown. ‘Thorax greenifh, with two yellow tranfverfe bands.
A large black {pot at the bafe of each Wing, and a fmall dark mark
on their exterior margin. Body deprefled, lance-fhaped.

All the fpecies of Libellula, but particularly the larger kinds, are
confidered by many rather as objects of terror, than fubjects worthy in-
fpection ; and the vulgar denomination of Horfe-/tinger, contributes to
this abhorrence: although it hath no power over animals of fuch mag-
nitude, it is perfectly a Vulture among lepidoptereus, or other defencelefs
Infecis, deftroying more for its fport than for its voracious appetite.

The Fly is on the wing in May, and June, in almoft every marfhy
fituation; the female lays her eggs near the roots of Ofiers on the
banks of ditches, or finks them into the ftalks of Rufhes in the water 5
ghey hatch, and an ugly apterous infect, of a brown colour, comes

: forth ;

$4 PL ACT ee ety.

forth; it hath a long body like the Fly, fix Legs, anda forked Head, a
fharp {pine at the extremity of the abdomen, and a row of fpines on
each fide, one at every joint; it plunges into the water, and imme-
diately devours fuch of the inhabitants, or their eggs, as comes within
its reach, and it continues this life of depredation until its next
change. ‘They are to be taken with a, {mall hand-net.

All tranfparent objects, in a certain direction before a microfcope,
reflect the colours of the prifm. The Zzpula Plumofa exhibits, in
this fituation, an effulgence of colouring, which its natural fize con-
veys but {mall veftiges of; and the colours on the wing of this Libellula
appears far more vivid when magnified.

The body of the male is bluifh grey; the prefent fpecimen is the
female.

PLATS

we)

ieee St a

Tee Re EO

See ciea NOG. ACP OS BOR’ NETS.
Bee Hornet SPHINX.
GENERIC CHARACTER,
Antennz thickeft in the middle. Wings, when at reft, deflexed.
SPECIFIG CHARACTER.

Wings tranfparent, with brown veins. Abdomen yellow, the firft
and fourth divifion from the thorax dark, purplifh. “Thorax brown,
with two yellow patches in front. Head yellow. Antennz dark brown.
Linn, Syft. Nat.

The Caterpillar of the Sphinx Api-formis is an internal feeder, and
found only by making an incifion into the innermoft fubftance of the
Poplar, the only tree the female commonly depofits her Eggs on; it
is to us unknown, as is alfo the time of continuing within the trunk
of the tree; but in June, early in the morning, or in the evening,
the Chryfalis is feen iffiing through the bark, from a perforation in the
trunk, which the Caterpillar had formed previous to its change, gene-
rally to the depth of fix or ‘eight inches, or more. Nature has
furnifhed every fegment of the Chryfalis with a double row of tharp
teeth, or fpines, therewith it firmly attaches itfelf to the fides of the
cavity, and, by repeated exertions to break from its prifon, gradually
comes forth; thus, when it hath extricated itfelf from the tree, and the
Chryfalis is fupported as in our Plate reprefented, the upper parts burft
afunder with violence, and the infect rufhes forth to enjoy “ the tem-
perature of the fummer feafon.”’ It is rarely found except in Effex.

K There

56 PL Aya ORY...

There is another Sphinx, which differs in fo few particulars, that

it hath been miftaken for the prefent fubje€t; notwithftanding, it may
be eafily diftinguifhed by a crefcent of yellow in the fore part of the

thorax, and thence entitled the Lunar Hornet Sphinx; a Drawing
of which Infect, with the larva, has been prefented to the Linnean
Society. ‘This larva is nearly the fize of the Buff-tip Caterpillar, and
of an obfcure brown colour; probably the larva of the Sp. 4pz-formis
may much refemble it.

It is arranged in many cabinets under the title of Sphinx Vefpi-
formis; but the Sp. Vefpiformis, in the Linnean Collection, now in
the pofleffion of Dr. Smith, fcarcely exceeds half the fize of this fub-
ject, and is probably unique. The Lunar Hornet-Sphinx had no
place in that cabinet.

PLA TE

26

OP aR

ORs i Bw a ie, 78

Beals Gat ol

Pe COMO DA COME: Ta,
GENERIC CHARACTER.
An invifible, pellucid, hairy Worm.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Spherical, the fore part hairy, with an appendant globule.

Pet Goan ell

ERC HOD A: LON GTC AUD A.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Cylindrical, the firft part truncated, and fet with hairs. The tail
long, with two joints, and terminated by two briftles.

BGs ile 2
VORTICELLA TROCHIFORMIS NIGRA.
GENERIC CHARACTER,

A Worm, capable of contracting or extending itfelf, naked, with
rotatory cilia.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
Top-fhaped black vorticella,
K 2

x

58 Pu A aE xR VE.

This fpecies of Vorticella appears, without the affiftance of a micro-
{cope, as {mall black fpecks, fwimming on the water, particularly in
meadows which are inundated. ‘They are conftantly in motion; and
two {mall white hooks are perceptible by glafles at 1—1 ; by the help

of .thofe it is fuppofed to fwim, or they may inclofe fome rotatory or~
gan, The infect is opaque.

PLATE

es

Me
( tad

ay ‘pag

fie sq”

Pi A FE RX VER:

Pb Poa Wek A A Rol Ede 1S:
Common Wasp BEETLE.
CoLEOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennz tapering tothe end. Shells narrower at the apex. Thorax
fomewhat cylindrical.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Black. Anterior and pofterior margin of the Corflet yellow. Four
yellow lines on each elytra or Shell. Lz. Sy/?, Nat.

They fly well, and are fometimes found on aquatic plants. They
are exceedingly numerous in Kent, in the peafe and bean-fields, in
May, or on the cwrrant-bufhes, and not unfrequently are taken on
the fern, !

PLATE

tr

PRAY: Ee XXVIT.

CHRYSOMELA ASPARAGL
COLEOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.

‘Antenne knotted, enlarging towards the ends. Corflet margined,
and body oblong. ‘Thorax narrow.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Head, Antennz, and under fide of the Body black. ‘Thorax red,
with two black fpots. Shells dark green, with fix yellow fpots. Length
one line. Lin. Sy/t. Nat.

‘This pretty Cloeopterous Infect is found in June on the Afparagus,
when in feed. Linnzeus calls it 4/paragi, from the larve feeding on
the leaves of that plant. It is a common infect, but forms a beautiful
opaque object for the microfcope. The natural fize is given at Fi “ig. de
and the magnified appearance above.

el)

Mn 6a 4
Py Py | ROXEX,

YEG. 7 Ol. ®
TRICGCH-O.D.A..M-E L-L,FE A.
GENERIC CHARACTER.

An invifible, pellucid, hairy Worm.
SPeCTHIC CHARACTER.

Objong ciliated trichoda, with a dilatable neck, the apex globular,
and furrounded with hairs. Adiller’s Animalcula Infuforia, &c.

Invifible to the naked eye, and rarely found except in falt-waters,
although we have met with one {pecimen in the water of the Thames.

ae

bas Gone SA Us
VOR Cte Lela: ON A SoU DA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.

A Worm, capable of contracting or extending itfelf, naked, with
rotatory cilia. :

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Cylindrieal, with a prominent point in the middle of the cup. Adil-
ler’s Anim. Infu/.
ee EEE a

Isinvifible to the naked eye, and appears of an unequal fize before
the microfcope is pellucid, with the fore part truncated and ciliated,
and moves in the water with great alertnefs, by the affiftance of the

circle of hairs which encompafs the body.
L Fil G.

64 PLAT ba WXIx:

En MU ORE
V@®RTICEL LA IVa RID 1S:
GENERIC CHARACTER.

A werm capable of contracting or extending itfelf, naked, with
rotatory cilia.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Cylindrical uniform, green, and opake. Miller’s Anim. Infuf.

The naked eye difcovers this fpecies as a mere point: when magni
fied it is of a dark green colour, almoft opake, nearly cylindrical,
obtufe at the extremities, and deftitute of limbs. It moves circularly,
or ina ftrait direction, and caufes fuch an agitation of the water, that
notwithftanding its appearance, fome rotatory inftrument muft be con-
cealed within the body, which the infect can put forth at pleafure,

PLATE

30

ee Gig)

Pita 2B | RO

PuAL VN A’ S AguenC ys.
Warre Sartin Morn.
GENERIC CHARACTER.

%* No trunk, wings deprefled, deflexed, back fmooth.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER,

Antenne feathered. Body and wings white.
Caterpillar black, with red and white fpots.

Are very numerous in the adjacent parts of London, and are found
in the ftate of Caterpillar, Chryfalis and Moth, at the fame time,
though commonly the Caterpillar changes to Chryfalis in June, and
to a Fly in July.

It feeds on the Willow, the Ozier, the Poplar, &c.

3L

sigan

11 ORY: ie ag Seis, @,

SP eGay Le

MUSCA CHAMALEON.

DiIpTERA.

Two Wings.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Mufea, a foft flexible Trunk with lateral Lips at the end. No palpi.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,

Dark brown or black. Antennz taper, broken. Eyes large. Ab»
domen nearly circular, with three triangular yellow {pots on each Side,

and one at the extremity.

Linneus, in a former edition of the Fauna Suecica gave this infe&
the name of Oe/frus Aqua, but he afterwards difcovered it to bea
Mufca, and called it Mufca Chameleon. It is one of the moft com-
mon Dipterous, or two-winged Infects we have; yet though fo well
known in its perfect fiate, few have attended fo minutely to its changes
as to difcover that ; they form the moft fingular part of its hiftory.—
The female depofits her eggs in the hollow ftalks of aquatic plants, or
broken reeds, or fo provides for them- that they cannot, but by fome
unforefeen accident, be carried away. “The egg, in due time ripening,
produces a Larva, no way refembling the Parent, but rather a Worm

M of

68 PL Ar ot

of a moft fingular ftru€ture. This happens about the latter end of
May, or beginning of “fune, if the weather proves favourable ; they
will then be found in fhallow flanding waters, crawling on the grafs or
plants which grow there, or they may be taken floating on the furface
of the water. ‘The Body confifts of twelve annular divifions, whereof
the Head and Tail are two; the Tail has a verge of hairs, which,
when entirely expanded, fupport the creature on the furface, with its
head downwards. If it wifhes to defcend, it contracts the hairs in the
form of a wine glafs, or entirely clofes them at the end; and when
again it is rifing to the furface, it forces a bubble from a {mall aperture
in the center, which immediately makes a paflage for its afcenfion.—
Tt changes to the Pupa fiate, and about the middle of ‘Ful to the Fly.
Tt fubfifts at this time on the nectar and other juices it extracts froma
the bottom of the corolla in flowers.

PUA ek ie”) ORT, 69

1d lig a 8
MUSCA PENDULA.

DIPTERA.
Musca.
SPECIFIG CHARACTER.
Head black. Thorax yellow, with three longitudinal black lines.
Abdomen yellow, with tranfverfe black marks.
$$

Its habits nearly correfpond with thofe of the AZufca Chameleon.
Like that Infe& it once wore the appearance of an Aquatic, and like
it alfo in its laft or perfect ftate, exifts by extrating with its Trunk
the neCtar from flowers. It is to be taken in Fune.

BiG.) tit
MU SICA Loa TERA L I's,
DIPTERA.
Musca.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

% Thorax black. Abdomen bright red or brown, with a line of
black from the Thorax ; the laft fegment black, with hairs or fpines.

-

Lea nmiemente tent TSUN TN SIE ARSED SOE Sa

Vifits fower gardens in the month of “une.

M 2 (PD Aue

iat
Hastie

PLATE XXXII,

cou See

VIGRIO OF O'R.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
An invifible Worm, very fimple, round, and rather long.
SPECIFIC GHARACTER.

Elliptical, with a very long Neck, and a knob on the Apex—=
Miller’s Ani. Inf.

The Neck of this Creature is in continual motion, and the whole
Body is dilatable. It is found in water, replete with decayed vege-
tables.

Pal G. i,
KOLPODA MILEAGRIS.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
An invifible, very fimple, pellucid, flat, crooked Worm.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Changeable, with the fore part like a hook, the hind part folded
up.———Miiller’ Ani. Inf. .

FIG,

= Pe ABE JOCK

PiGs 0M: ‘and PG. by:
PURO EUS eT pe Np AEX.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

An invifible, very fimple, pellucid Worm, of a variable forns,

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Running out into a fine point—A/Ziller.

A gelatinous pellucid body, ftored with black molecules; it changes
its form in a regular order, firft extending itfelf out in a ftrait lines
the lower. part terminating in an acute bright point, without any in-
teftines, and the globules being all colle€ted in the upper part, it next
draws the pointed end up towards the middle of the body, {welling it
into a roundform. The contraétion goes on for fome time, after which
the lower part is {welled as in Fig. [V. The point is afterwards projected
from this ventricofe part. It pafies through five different forms before
it arrives at that reprefented at Fig. IV. It fcarcely moves from one
fpot, only bending about fideways. It is to be found in river watery
where the Nitida grows.<Adams on the Microfcope,

PLATE

ay eee

fo nF AAAI,

1 dbs lS 3 Ike
Poll & Be Ak BoA. Toby,
PEACH-BLOSSOM MorTuH.

LEPIDOPTERA.
PHALZENA. |
GENERIC, CHAR ACTE R:

Antenne taper from their apex. Wings in general contracted

when at reit. Fly by night.
*Nocruas
SPE CIELO “CHARAGT ER.

Fir pair of Wings brown, with fie peach-coloured [pots on
.each. Second pair light brown.

The Peach-blofiom Moth at firt fight fo evidently diftinguifhes
itfelf, that it can fearcely be miftaken. he upper or firft pair of
Wings have the ground of a brown colour, which in fome directions
of light aflume a golden appearance; and on each Wing are.five ele-
gantly difpofed {pots of white, having each a center of the moft beau-
tiful bloom, or bloffom colour, which blend into the white with the moft
exquifite foftnefs. “The under Wings are of a fimple colour, and have
only a tranfverfe fhade of a darker hue acrofs the middle of each Wing.

Its fruly elegant appearance would alone be fufficient to claim our
attention; but when we add that it is one of the rareft and moft
Z valuable

"4 PL AGE J pexkae

valuable fpecimens of Britifh entomology, it will be confidered as z
compenfation for thofe more common fubjects occafionally introduced ,
and which the nature of our plan cannot permit us to refufe.

Our endeavours to procure the Caterpillar have hitherto been in-
effeCtual, although it is very probably to be taken early in the feafon,
feeding on the bramble. It is defcribed to be a brown larva, naked,
or without hairs, with a gibbofity or rifing on the back, near the
extremity.

Our Fly was taken in Effex, July 14th.

Bod GA.

P HoA LEiN A, 1A, Mi Aa, OR 2.0.
Brioop Vein, or BurF Arcos Morn.
LEPIDOPTERA.

PHALANA.

** Antenne feathered.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Wings angulated, buff, {prinkled with brown, and a red tranf{verfe
line acrofs each. Margin of each Wing edged with red.

The Caterpillars of this Phalena feed on the oak leaves. “They
are green, with yellow rings. The Fly is found in Effex very com-
monly in the month of July.

34

i oe
ron, Te Bk.

FTG. I.

CURCULIO BACHUS.
CoLEoPTERA.
Wings two, covered by two fhells, divided by a longitudinal futures
GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antenne clavated, elbowed in the middle, and fixed in the Snout,
which is prominent and horny. Joints four to each foot.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Shells, and Thorax purple with gold fhades; fnout long, black.
Linn. Sy/t. Nat. 2. 611. 38. Sckeff: Icon. Tab. 37. Fig. 13. Geoff
Inf. 1270.4. Sul. Hift. Inf. Tab, 4c Fig. 4.

Our figure reprefents the Curculio Bachus, as it appears before the
Speculum of an Opake Microfcope with a lens magnifying times.

It is with this, as with many other fpecies of infects, and particue
larly thofe of the Coleopterous Order, that unlefs they are in fome
meafure magnified, much of their beauty will remain hidden, and
much of their ftru€ture be enveloped in obfcurity. It is not perfectly
- agreeable to our plan, and may admit of fome blame from our fubs
{cribers ; but when objects fo diminutive in fize, and fo complex in co
lour, offer to our attention, and it is not poflible to reprefent them in
their natural appearance, or in a manner fatisfactory to ourfelves, we
muft have recourfe to the Micrefeope for affiftance. We confider
the confidence at prefent repofed in our accuracy, and attention, to
the natural fubjects, evident from the general patronage beftowed on
our attempt ; it is a fpur to our exertions, and we will endeavour, as
well by our future, as prefent correctnefs, to deferve a continuation of

N that

16 PLA KXXIV.

that efteem, and encouragement, fo liberally fhowered on our ence
arduous undertaking.

C. Bachus is near in length, the Shells and Thorax
appear of a deep glofly purple, with much inclination to gold; a green
and golden hue is feen on every part of the body as it moves in va-
rious direCtions of light. The whole appears before the microfcope
befprinkled, and {potted with gold and purple; gold in thofe parts
where the light: is moft powerful, and purple in the fhadows. The
Snout is black, or of a dark colour, as are alfo the Eyes; and the
fingular ftructure of the jointed Antenne, which are thereon, de-
ferve particular notice. “I’his beautiful infect is as rare, as it is fu-
perb, and the larva is fcarcely, if at all known.—Our fpecimen was
taken in the middle of “fume, ina field near Kent.

Bol G.o i.

CUCULIO GERMANUS.
Brack CurcuLio,
CoLEoPTERA. |
Curculia
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Snout long, black Head, Thorax, Shells and Body black. Two
fmall fpots of yellowifh white on the fides of the Thorax.

Linn. Syft. Nat. 2.°613. 58. Scopol. Ann. Hift. Nat. 5. Qi. 44.
Frifch. Inf. 13. 28. Tab. 26.

An Infeé& found in abundance in Germany, and by no means un-
common in this and every other part of Europe. It is generally taken
in June. . I ,

PLA ie

ir ae

ED ADE XXRV

‘yd Gas doe

Shews the natural fize of the larva, of the
Musca CHAMALEON,

Defcribed in Plate XXXI of this work.

F 1G. Il.

As it appears magnified, ‘We have taken it fince that plate was
finifhed, or we would haye introduced it with the Fly. Being unac-
quainted with any perfect reprefentation of this aquatic larva, we are
happy to give it before the completion of the firft volume.

Na PLATS -

¢

4 hs ae
was

t. 6-0

‘Pilyi thy BoB oKKXBLg

LIBEEL UL A PUE LU Ae

NEvROPTERA.

Wings four, naked, tranfparent, reticulated. With Veins or
Nerves. Tail without a fing.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth with two long lateral Jaws. Antennz very fhort, tail of the
male forked. Wings extended.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Body Saxon-greenifh blue, Eyes. diftant, remote. Wings of equal
length, with a cloud of brown in the middle, and without marginal
fpot. Length two inches. ©

Linn, Sy ft. Nat, 2.904. 20. Fan. Sv. 1470.

It is neither fo large as to infufe terror by its appearance, or fo
beautiful-as to claim the fir place ina collection of Britifh infects:
notwithftanding there are many inferior to it both in elegance, and co~
lour. The whole of the body is a deep purplifh blue, which reflects
on one patt,a moft brilliant colour with a greenifh caft, and the clouds
on the wings contribute much to its luftre. “The Thorax and Head
are nearly the fame, fome few fhades of green excepted.

ert It

80 PLAGS XXKVI.

It is found in May and Fune, fporting on the waters, or among the
bufhes which overgrow the fides of pools, or gently flowing ftreams 5
at noon, or after a fhower, when the fun breaks from its watery prifon,
and penetrates the thickets, and the groves with inviting warmth, they
are feen iffuing from the dark retreat, and\,overhanging fhrubbery; to
bafk and wanton in its effulgent beams, and fan the gently rifing breeze
-with their lucid Wings. In many parts on the banks of the Thames they.
heighten the fcene by the glow and richnefs of their colouring ; the
green, the blue, and the red; the yellow, purple, and the brown, in
their richeft teints, according to the fpecies ; and as they fly in various
directions, difplay themfelves in all their native elegance z and {plendor.

Ba G2. HL
LIBELLULA PUELE A
NEUROPTERA.
LIBELLULA,
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Body red with yellow and black lines at each fegment; thorax
green with yellow ftripes. Wings clear, with marginal fpots.

The body is red, with a yellow band and black mark at every feg-
ment; the Thorax green, with longitudinal lines of yellow ; the
Wings are perfectly tranfparent, except a marginal fpot on each. It
is voracious, as are all the fpecies of Libellula, whether i in the larva or
the winged ftate ; it appears about the fame time as the preceding, and
is the produce of an aquatic larva,

PLA Te

woh qlinsg 7 10 wloag 4o eabit ot worgsve eee sodud
Swett mol edseid mu) sds nerw cisworlk s rite 10 ood Ie nea We

P gnitivei saiw agyors edi bag iodoids a3 astertongg bas Pa a
dduidt anignsdievo bas sour Jtsb ol mor gaiuhi nask os aN
gaitin ylineg off ast hos eammsod inagluAs eti ni notasw. brs 3 d aa ts
ni ‘cmon aalnsd wh dagaln: es al agai W. bioul sia dive | Lis |

Ae an brs olay walley ort!” . bey ott bas ould aa 19913 .
me ts as bas 3 a Wid xt oy suc Panis? Ratioix tiodlt ll

tacit Le | in
Adiaua Adv gait fe)

mah

SE ree:

ks wuaeseit

ADAG

ani es

.

AATORALKD

Sires) fase is eonil dosld bas wolloe dihir fox yhoo
gq) Isaiyient dtiw. sslo' egniW .eaqid wolloy diiw nec,

ome vo ae sey 9 si oily wale einsqge Ht 4 : : oteft hesaee asi
nna avis a oieuDs 8 #1 or ou a] gett 8 if

| ie Mok: . | Se
aye 3 . .
.

Ai geen
ps Oe aM pai.

ey
. 1 Y ,

vin do ls UR arin Ad RRA

TO

VW Ove a:

COL E OPE RA.

First OrnpDER.

Plate
Cervus Lucanus. Stag Beetle < my i -« 3
Silpha Vefpillio = - - = a = 23.
Chryfomela Afparagi ~ - ~ = = 30
Curculio Bachus = “ - “= . = 24
Curculio Germanus - ~ “ = = ib.
Leptura Arietis. Common Wafp Beetle = Es - 29
Cicindela Campettris - - Cs o eA
HE MeL Te A.
SECOND ORDER.
Nepa Cinerea, Water Scorpion - - 7 = 18
L B.P 1 DiOw 7 BRA,
Tuirp ORDER.
Sphinx Apiformis.. Hornet Sphinx - = e = 25
Sphinx Filipendule. Burnet Moth - = - - 6
Phalzna Pavonia. Emperor Moth - - eel on) i GE
Phalena Bucephala. Buff Tip Moth - - Eas"
Phaleana Caja. Great Tyger Moth aa - - 15

Phalzena

BN DS NE ee .

Plate
Phalzena Salicis. White Sattin Moth - - - 28
Phalena Chryforrhea. Yellow-Tail Moth - - - 0
Phalena Antigua. White Spot Tuffock Moth - - 16
Phalezna Amataria. Euff Argos Moth - - = oe
Phalzna Prunaria. Orange Moth - -— - 21
Phalena Groflulariata. Currant Moth - - Se
Phalena Batis. Peach Blofiom - - - =~ 33
Phalena Chriftiernana - eh les - - 20
Phalana Evonymella. Ermine Moth - - = 9

NOE WO ROMP ria
FouRTH ORDER.
Libellula Deprefla. Dragon Fly - - ml yng
Libeliula Virgo - - - - - - 26
Libellula Puella - - = a a“ - © 36
my ONE Ee INO Pr ad gin oA
FirrH ORpDeR.

Chryfis Tenita - - - = S a,
Chryfis Eidentata - cil ak rs mw 29
er Pi ba AS.

SixTH ORDER.

Tipula Plumofa - - - = 2 ~ 2%
Mufca Chameleon - a = By - 31
Maufca Pendula = = = - aio - ib.
Mufca Latcralig - 1 = a eile atch:

AP TERG,

J

SEVENTH ORDER.

Acarus Coleoptratorum.
Monculus Quadricornis
Monoculus Conchaceus
Proteus Tenax -
Vibro Olor -
Kolpoda Mileagris
Burfaria Hirundinella
Trichoda Cometa
Trichoda Longicauda
Trichoda Melitea
Trichoda Pocillum
Trichoda Uyula_ -
Trichoda Vermicularis
Himantopus Ludio
Vorticella Lunaris

Re ME. De,

AP SE RAY

Beetle Tick a

Vorticella trochi formis Nigra + >

Vorticella Nafuta
Vorticella Urceolaris
Vorticella Viridis

= = =

= = =

ae

‘ MegiVl Zt

oD

IeN DE BX

EPECIFIC WN A Mens

ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED,

TO
Ve Ovo is
| Plate
Amataria, Phalzena . es ms @ ~ 33
Antiqua, Phalzna - - = 2 - 16
Api-formis, Sphinx - = - = 4 aitaliboircns
Arietis,-Leptura - =~ = 2 » = 27
Afparagi, Chryfomela - aA) ci yh me = =- 30
Batis, Phalena- = = «@ ce ~ wat - 33
Bidentata, Chryfis = ~ = - = 19
Bucephala, Phalzna - z is ey) Heke
Maja, Phalena - = pa & - - I5
Campeftris, Cincindela = - - = He) 3
Chamzleon, Mufca - = “ - - 3r
Chriftiernana, Phalena = - - = - 20
Chryforrhcea, Phalzna - ~ - ~ a (o
Cinerea, Nepa - - - = = PP SES
Coleoptratorum, Acarus - - - = =e
Cometa, Trichoda - - - = - 26
Conchaceus, Monoculus = - 2 - ea
~ Eyonymella, Phalzena = - - - - 9
Filipendule, Sphinx = ~ - ° - 6
Groffulariata, Phalena - BS S Lo -~ 4
Ignita, Chryfis - - - = = ma
Lateralis, Mufca = “ = z eK
Longicauda, ‘Trichoda = ~ ~ - = 26

Lucanus,

Lucanus, Cervus
Ludio, Himantopus
Lunaris, Vorticella
Melitea, Trichoda
Mileagris, Kolpoda
Nafuta, Vorticella
Olor, Vibrio ==
Pavonia, Phalzna
Pendula, Mufca -
Plumofa, Tipula -
Pocillum, Trichoda
Prunaria Phalzna
Quadricornis, Monoculus
Salicis, Phalena -
‘Tenax, Proteus

‘Trochiformis Nigra, Verticella

Vermicularis, “Frichoda
Vefpillio, Silpha -
Viridis, Vorticella
Urceolaris, Vorticella
Uvula, ‘Trichoda

q

D

E

X.

BARC Ava: pec V Oak

PLATE XXXIV. for magnifying times, read magnifying four times
for 6. Bachus is near in length, read C. Bachus
-is near four Lines in length

FIG. II. for Cuculio, read Curculio

ii