Hibrary of the Museum
COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY,
AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
Founded dy private subscription, in 1861.
Apert? &
einai ana LOUIS AGASSIZ.
No. IF LI |
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THE
MereRAL HISTORY
OF
BRITISH TNSECTS;
EXPLAINING THEM
EN THEIR SEVERAL STATES,
WITH THE PERIODS OF THEIR TRANSFORMAT ONS,
THEIR FOOD, OECONOMY, &c.
TOGETHER WITH THE
HISTORY OF SUCH MINUTE INSECTS
AS REQUIRE INVESTIGATION BY THE MICROSCOPE.
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NATURAL HISTORY:
OF
BRL IS By BEY SEC ET S,
BLA war. rx.
PAPILIO PODALIRIUS,
Scarce SWALLOWTAIL,
BUTTERFLY.
LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antenne clavated. “Wings when at reft erect. Fly by day,
SPECIFIC CHARACTER:
Above pale yellow, beneath paler. On the firft wings (upper fide)
fix pale black ftripes and a black margin. On the fecond wings,
an oblique black ftripe, anda black border with five femilunar blue
{pots, two long tails. Stripes more numerous on the under fide.
Papitro Podalirius, alis caudatis fubconcoloribus flaves centibus,
falciis fufcis geminatis, pofticis fubtus linea fanguinea.
Syft, Ent. 451. 38.
Linn. Syft. Nat, 2.751. 36+
Muf. Lud. Vir. 2.08.
B 2 |
8 al
Papilio
A PL. Ago scr.
Papilio alis pallide flavis, rivulis-tranfverfis nigris fecundariis angulo
fubulato iaculague crocea.. Geoff. Inf. 2. 56. 24.
Papilio Sinon. Pod. Inf. 62. tab. 2. fig. ¥
Cram. Inf. 13. tab: 152. tab. 2. fig. 1.
Merian. Europ. 163. tab. 44.
Roe. Inf. 1. pap. 2. tab. 2.
Reaum. Inf. i. tab. 11. fig. 3. 4
Fonft. Inf. tab. §. fig. 5.
E/fp. pap. 1. tab. 1. fig. 2.
Scheff: elem. tab. 94. fiz. 4
Icon. tab. 45. fig. 3+ 4.
Raj. Inf. 11k. 3.
Fab, Spec. Inf. 2. 15. 58.
Fabricius * and fome other entomological writers have very minutely
defcribed the Larva and Pupa ftate of this rare butterfly; the Larva
feed on the leaves of the turnip, cabbage, and other plants of the fame
genus ; it is of a yellow colour, with {pots of brown, head pale green.
‘The Pupa is yellow, fpotted with brown alfo, and has two teeth, or
fharp points in the fore-part.
We have received the Butterfly from North America, as well as
from Germany ; it appears to be a native of moft parts cf the Euro-
pean Continent, though perhaps not frequently found.—Berkenbout
is the only writer who has defcribed it as an Englith fpecies + ; he fays
it is rare (in this country,) found in woods. In the perfect ftate,
vifits flowers in the day time.
* Habitat in Europe Braflice,
Larva folitaria, flavefcens, fufco pun@ata, capite pallide virefcente.
Puppa flavefcens, fufco puntata, antice bidentata. Fab. Spec. Inf. &c.
+ Synopfis of the Natural Hiftory of Great Britain and Ireland.
PLATE
é
Via io
M4 f oy ¥.
Se Shy,
=. MA USA
aD
2 See De NS Walia aia 8
PHALENA PENTADACTYLA.
Wuitre FEATHERED Morn.
LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antenne taper from the bafe. Wings in general contracted when
at reft. Fly by night.
* 7 * ALUCITE.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
Every part fnow white, except the eyes, which are black, anterior
wings bifid, pofterior tripartite.
PHALANA PENTADACTYLA Alucita alis patentibus fiffis quinque
partitis niveis, digito quinto diftin&to. Lin.
Sy/t. Nat. 2. 542. 304. edit. 10. :
P. Pentadactylus, alis niveis, anticis bifidis, pofticis tripartitis.
Syft. Ent. 672. 6—Fab. Spec. Inf.
Geoff. Inf. 2. 91. 1.
Reaum. Inf. 1. tab. 20. fig. 1.2.
Roef. Inf. 1. phal. 4, tab. 5.
Ammir. Inf. tab. 23,
Sulz. Inf: tab. 16. fig. 10.
Petiv. Gazoph. tab. 67. fig. 6.
The Caterpillar of this fingular Infe&t is very common in May; it
is of a green colour, with a white ftripe down the back, and one on
each fide; it cafts its {kin feveral times.
We have obferved fome Caterpillars which were quite f{mooth, after
cafting their fkinbecome rough or covered with hairs ; and others which
6 were
6 | PLA Te. CX.
were white become black by the fame procefs ; in this caterpillar we
have obferved a fimilar change: a fpecimen which was of a plain green
as before defcribed, became fuddenly fpotted with black as fhewn in
our plate, that fkin being caft off it aflumed its former appearance
and became a pupa.
It feeds on grafs, nettles, &c. near the fides of ditches, and is found
fporting in the evening, when in the fly ftate among the grafs and
herbage.
The Caterpillar becomes a Pupa about the beginning of June.—It
affixes itfelf by the tail to a ftalk of grafs in the fame manner as thofe
of the Butterfly genus, and like them is often found with the head
fufpended downwards; it can by a fudden {pring turn itfelf upright
again.
In a little book entitled the AURELIAN’s PockeT Companion,
by Mofes Harris, we find this fpecies defcribed, and called the White
Plumed, but the Linnzan fpecified Name Didaétyla is added:—And
under the Linnean name Pentadactyla (our prefent fpecimen) he has
defcribed the Brown plumed*.—T he fame confufion is extended to
his folio work the AURELIAN. In Plate 1. he has figured the White
plumed under the fpecific name DidaStyla, and in Plate 30, the Brown
plume, under Pentadactyla. Linnzus has comprifed all thofe Lepi-
dopterous Infects whofe wings appear to confift of feveral diftin&
feathers, connected only at the fhafts, under the fubdivifion Aude,
but Fabricius has given them the new name PTEROPHORUS, and
added the name Alucitz to a fmall divifion of the Tinea, as Phal.
Chriftyloftella, &c. of Linz.
The Phal. Pentadactyla appears in the perfect ftate about the latter
end of June, fometimes earlier.
* Another fpecimen of the fame divifion of the genus (ua) but of a brown
colour * Alis fiffis fufcis, &c.”’ Linn.
PLATE
wroeoy y IP RARY
HAZ NEVE RSITY
CAMSRIOGE. MA USA
te
er 4S
Pe ee YE. OR
FrG jae
CHRYSOMELA gPUNCT AT Aj?
COLEOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACI ER.
Antenne knotted enlarging towards the ends. Corfelet mar-
gined, .
*** Body Cylindrical.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Head and thorax black. Shells yellow brown with two black {pots
oneach. Antennz ferrated,
CHRYSOMELA 4 punéfata cylindrica, thorace nigro, elytris
rubris: punctis duobus nigris, Antennis
brevibus. Linn, Sy/?. Nat. 2. 374. §0-
edit. 10.
CHRYSOMELA 4 punéata thorace nigro, elytris rubris, maculis
duabus rubris antennis ferratis. Degeer.
Inf. 5. 32. tab. 10. fig. 7.
Melontha coleoptris rubris maculis quatuor nigris, thorace nigro.
Geoff. Inf. 1. 195. tad. 3. fig. 4+
Bupreftio 4 punctata. Scop. Ent. Carn. 206.
Cryptocephalus 4 punctatus. Fab. Spec. Inf. t. 13°» 3.
Scheff. Elem. tab. 83. fig. X.
a Icon, tab. 6. figs I. 2. 3.
This
8 Pel AAT Ue «GRR
This fpecies is fearce, though more frequently met with than
either of the following Chryfomele. It is generally found on the
Hazel-nut tree.
FIG. I. IV.
CHRYSOMELA SANGUINOLENTA.
4 COLEOPTERA.
CHRYSOMELA. |
SPECIFIC) CHARACTER,
Black blue, a bright orange or red exterior margin to the elytra.
CHRYSOMELA Sunguinolente ovata atra, elytris margine exte-
riori fanguineis. Linn. Sy/?, Nat. 2. 591.
38. Sy/t. Ent. IOL. 40.
|
CHRYSOMELA nigro coerulea, elytris atris punctatis margine
exteriori rubro. Geoff. Inf. 1. 259. 8.
tab. 4. fig. 8
Chi pias rubre marginata. Fc. Degeer Inf. 5, 298. 7. tab. 8:
fig. 24 |
Bupreftis Sanguinolenta. Scop. carn. 203.
rE SE
Extremely rare in England ; our fpecimen was found on the trunk
ef an afh tree in June r794———'n Kent.
FIG.
PL AT E @mt, 9
FIG. .V. VI.
CHRYSOMELA COCCINEA.,
COLEOPTERA,
CHRYSOMELA.
SPE CIMICNOMAR ACT ER.
Fine red, with two black {pots on each elytra, and one on the thorax.
CHRYSOMELA coccinea oblonga, thorace marginato fanguineo,
macula nigra, elytris fanguineis maculis
duabus nigris. Linn. Sy/?. Nat. 2. 592.
43-—Ln. Sv. 532.
CurysoMELA 4 maculata, &c. Degeer Inf. 5. 30%. 10. tab. g.
jig. i
Coccinella Coleoptris rubris maculis 4 nigris, Vdm. Diff 13.
Fab. Spec. Ent. 1. 131. 83.
Very rarely met.with: our fpecimen was taken on a thiftle in a
field between Kennington Common and Camberwell, May 1794.
‘The fpecies has not till very lately been confidered as a native of this
sountry.
'
Cc PIAA
ira
MOT LIBRARY
ARV, Gh UNEVERSETY
CAMBRIDGE..»MA USA
Pei A TE CX
Si@AR AB AUS FULE,O
COLEOPTERA.
GENERIG CHARACTER.
Antennz clavated, their extremities fiffile. Five joints in each
foot.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
AND
SYNONYM S.
Antennz, of feven lamine *. Head, thorax, and fhells brown,
{potted with white. Beneath white,
ScaRaBzus Fuito fcutellatus muticus, antennis heptaphyllis,
corpore nigro pilis albis, fcutello macula
duplici alba. Linn, Sy/t. Nat. 2. 553-
57.—fn. Sv. 394.
ScaRaBaus, &c. Geoff. Inf. 1. 69. 2.
Frifeb. Inf. 11. tab. 1. fig. 1.
ScaraBgeus Variegatus. Reef. Inf. 4. tab. 30.
Schaff. Icon. tab. 23. fiz. 2.
Heefn. Inf. 2. tab. 7.
Sulz. Hift. Inf. 1. 1.
Melolontha Fullo. Fab. Spec. Inf. 1. 35. 1.
Except the Stag Beetle, (Cervus Lucanus) which is figured already
in this work, this is the largeft Coleopterous Infeét ever found in
England ; it is extremely rare, and is faid to be met with only in the
fand on the fea coaft near Sandwich.
* The antennz of the male is very large, as fhewn in our figure; the antennz of the
’ female is reprefented at Fig. 1,
D PLATE
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PRAT MERI
FePQy Fj
HEMEROBIUS HIRTUS,
NEUROPTERA.
Wings four, naked, tranfparent, reticulated with veins or nerves,
Taif without a fting.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Mouth prominent. Palpi four. Wings deflexed. Antenne longer
than the thorax, taper, extended.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Firft wings tranfparent reticulated with brown veins, hairy. Veins
fewer on the fecond wings.
Hemerosius hirtus, alis albis fufco reticulatis, fafciis
duabus fufcefcentibus. Linn. Sy/t, Nat.
2. 912. 6.— Fn. Sv. 1507.
Degeer Inf. 2.2.70. 12. tab. 22. fig. 4. §
This very common Infe& is found on the nut tree, and oak. It
conceals itfelf in the middle of the day among the foliage, or flies only
in moift, fhady places. It is always obferved to be very brifk at the
approach of a thunder ftorm, like the Hemorobius Perla, &c.
D 2 YE he
r4 PLA Re ex,
The nerves on the wings are fo exceedingly delicate, that it is im-
poffible to give an accurate reprefentation of the natural fize; but to
remedy that defect, we have fhewn the magnified appearance of an
upper and under wing at Fig. 2.
The wings are of a pale tranfparent brown; which as the Infect
‘roves in different directions reflec& all the vivid colours of a Prifm.
PLAT E®
RS ft 7 { ey ye
MRVARD UNIVERSHY.
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA
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Goat Morn, 1% TSke
LEPIDOPTERA,
r
CEMERT OUCH RA Cee eR:
Antenne taper from the bafe. | Wings in general contracted when
at reft. Fly by night.
SPROIFIC CHARACTER,
AND
SYNONYM S-
Grey, with fhort black irregular curved lines on the upper wings.
Antennz feathered.
PuHaLtana Cossus. Bowbyx elinguis, alis deflexis nebulofis,
thorace fafcia poftica’atra. Linn, Sy/ft.
Nat. 2. 504. 40. edit. Io.
PHALZzNA pettinicornis elinguis, alis albo cinereis, ftriis tranfverfis
nebulofis nigris. abdomine annulis albis.
Geoff. Inf. 2. 102. 4.
Degeer Inf. Vers. Germ. 2. 1. 268. I.
Merian. Europ. tab. 36.
Roef. Inf. 1. phal. 2. tab. 18.
Reaum. Inf. 1. tab. 17. fig. 1. 5.
Albin. Inf. tab. 35. fig. 56.
Lyonet Traite de Chenille.
Scheff. Icon. tab. 61. fig. I. 2»
Goed, Inf. 2. tab. 336
The
16 PL Aga WCXIV.
The Caterpillar of the Goat Moth feeds on the internal fubftance
of willow trees ; it is faid to be alfo found in the body of the oak, but
we have never difcovered any in fuch a fituation. The eggs are laid
in the crevices of the trees; as foon as the Caterpillars are hatched,
they begin to pierce into the folid wood. In moft parts of England
they are called Auger Worms; the holes which they make in the
timber appearing as if bored with that Inftrument.
It lives in the Caterpillar ftate three years before it is transformed
to a pupa; when iull fed it is four inches long, the body appears
very flefhy, and without hairs ; the head is black, and armed with very
fharp forceps; the cafe is compofed of bits of wood and faw-duft,
which it unites with a ftrong web; the infide is lincd with a fine
fmooth white filmy fubftance, like fattin ; it pafles to the pupa ftate in
the cavity which it has perforated in che caterpillar ftate, within three
or four inches of the opening: it remains only two months in that
ftate before the Fly is produced.
Is found in chryfalis in May ; in the fly ftate, the latter end of June,
er in July.
PLA Tye
——————EE—————aaaEEEEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEEOeEeEeEeeeeeee
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CHRYSOMELA CEREALIS.
COLEOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antenne knotted, enlarging towards the ends. Corfelet margined.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
AND
SYNONYMS.
Thorax and fhells ftriped with blue, crimfon and yellow green in-
clining to gold. Wings fine fcarlet.
CuHRYSOMELACEREALIS. Ovata aurata, thorace lineis tribus coleop-
trifque quinque cceruleis. Sy/?. Ext.
100. 33. Linn. Sy/t. Nat. 2. 588. 176
CurYSOMELA aurea fafciis coeruleis cupreifque alternis, punctis inor«
dinatis.
Geoff. Inf. 1. 262. 14.
Scheff. Icon. tab. 1. fiz. 3
Fab, Spec. Inf. t+ po 1240 45»
This beautiful Infect is a native of Georgia in North America; and
has been received from feveral parts of Africa, as Guinea, &c.
|
E Ie
te PLA'T? €xv.
It has alfo been found (though we believe very rarely) in the fouthern
parts of Europe, particularly in Italy; and we have reafon to conclude |
it has been met with in the fouth of France, and in Germany *.
We prefume to include it among the Englifh Chryfomele, on the
authority of the late-Mr. Hudfon, author of the Flora Anglicay &c.
who appears to be the only Naturalift that has taken it in Great
Britain, except the Rev. Mr. Hugh Davies, of Beaumaris, who alfo —
met with a {pecimen of it on a mountain in Wales fome years fince.
The colour of the ftripes on the fhells fometimes vary; and the —
underfide, which in our Infeé& is purple, is often of a fhining brownifh
colour ; the tranfparent wings, which are concealed beneath the fhells,
are bright red.
* Habitat in Europe auftralioris fegete, in fpartio fcoparia. D. Prof. Hermanns
Fab. Spe. Inf.
‘PLA oe
Nae: LO RAR Y
by Py WAVES PRY
| 116
PeoA 1 E CAVE
PromrinNn xX CHRYSORR HGS
GoLpDEN-TAIL SPHINX.
LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antenne thickeft in the middle. Wings, when at reft, deflexed.
Fly flow, morning and evening only,
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings tranfparent with black veins. Head, thorax, body, fhining
black with yellow rings or belts. Trail fine golden yellow.
In the paintings of Ern/?, a figure of a tranfparent-winged Sphinx,
fimilar to this, is given, under the fpecific name Oeftriformis: we are not
clearly convinced he intended it for this Infe&t, nor can we conceive
| the name to be by any means applicable; we therefore pafs over the
reference to that very fcarce work as doubtful, and reject his fpecific
name left he fhould mean another Infect.
_ Linnzus has not defcribed this fpecies, nor have we found a defcrip-
| tion of it in the writings of Fabricius.
It is rare in England. THomas Marsuam, Efq. Sec. L. S.
favoured me with the fpecimen from which the annexed figure is
| taken; it was met with in Kenfington Gardens in June,
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PLATE CXVIL
PHALENA CRAT#£GI.
Oak EcceEeR MorTu.
LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER,
Antenne taper from the bafe. Wings, in general contracted when
at reft. Fly by night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wings rounded. Afh-colour, or dull brown, with obfcure waves
of a darker colour.
PHaLzNA CRATAGI. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 823. 48.
Reaum. Inf. 1. tab. 44. fig. 10.
Degeer Inf. 1. tab. 11. fig. 20. 21.
We have never found this Infe&t common, though it muft not be
confidered as a rare fpecies; it is feldom met with near London: our
fpecimen was found in the Caterpillar ftate at Dartford in May. It
changed to Chryfalis in June. The fly came forth in September.
The male is rather fmaller than the female generally, though not
always. ‘The ftrength of their colours is very inconftant, efpecially in
the female, which we have feen very dark in fome {pecimens; in others
nearly as pale as the male; the general diftinction however between
the two fexes is, the male being of a light grey with fpots and waves of
brown, the female of an obfcure brown with fpots more diffufed.
PLATE
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F 1G, oh
CIMEX LACUSTRIS.
HEMIPTERA.
Shells, or upper Wings, femi-cruftaceous, not divided by a ftraiglit
future, but incumbent on each other. Beak curved downward.
GENERIC GHARACTER.
Antennz longer than the Thorax: ‘Thorax margired. In each
Foot three joints.
SPECIFIG CHARACTER,
AND
SYNONYMS:
Above black. Beneath black changeable to white. Antennz
black, of four joints, half as long as the body: Eyes large, promi-
nent. Fore Legs much fhorter than the reft.
Cinex Lacuftris, linearis niger, pedibus anticis breviffimis. Linn,
Sy/t. Nat. 2. 732.117.—Fab. Spece nf.
Fn, Sv. 979.
Infectum Tipuladi@um. Bauh. Ball. 213. fig. I.
a
This Infe& is met with in great plenty on ftill waters, in fummer
at runs quick on the furface. -
F PLATE
28 Pi Ae CKVIIL.
FG. IL.
CIMEX ACUMINATUS.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
AND
SYNONYMS.
Oval. Olive colour. Antenne ef five joints. Snout fharp.
‘Thorax narrow before. ‘Two brown longitudinal lines from the Eyes
to the pofterior margin of the Target.
Cimex Acuminatus, &c.—Linn, Sy/t. Nat. 2.723. §9.—Fu. Sv. 939
Degeer Inf. 3.271. 16. tab. 14. fige 125 136
Mufca cimiciformis. Raj. Inf. 56. 6.
Met with in May, on the Fern *, We have never found it common.
a een Eee
* Ofmunda Regalis.
PLATE
en ee en ai eg ie an cet ae ee
M
BA VARD
19
p 9%)
Pe AT E sCXR
PHRHAL ANA: ZICZAC.
PEBBLE PRoMINENT Morn.
LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antenne taper from the bafe. Wings in general contracted when
at reft. Fly by night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
AND
SYNONYMS.
Brown and white clouded like an Agate; a large clouded Eye, next
_to the exterior margin of the firft Wings; on the interior margin a
tuft, or appendage. Antenne feathered.
~PHarazna Ziczac. B, Alis deflexis dorfo dentatis apicibufque
macula grifea fubocellari, antennis fquamatis.
Sy ft. Ent. 573. 35- Linn. Sy/t, Nat. 2.827.
61.— Fn. Sv. 1116.
Geoff. Inf. 2. 124. 29.
Merian. Europ. tab. 147.
Frifch, Inf. 3. tab. 1. fig. 2
Degeer Inf. 1. tab. 6. fig. 1. 10.
Reaum. Inf. 2. tab. 22. fig. g—16.
Fab. Spec. Inf. 2. p. 186. 76.
This fingular and beautiful Caterpillar is found on the Willow,
early in Fune ; itbecomes a Pupa within a fine, br .vniih web, which it
{pins between two or three leaves, (as reprefented in our Platg,) late
in the fame month; the Moth comes forth in Augu/t.
F 2 The
30 PLATE CXIX.
The trivia: name prominent has been given to this Infeét, becaufe
when ine Moth is at reft the remarkable appendages on the interior
margin of the upper Wings form a prominent tuft above the back;
we have iix different fpecies of Phalena in this country which have
ihe iame character, and are known among Collectors by the feyerat
names, Pale, Maple, Swallow, Iren,‘ Pebble, and Cockfcomb, Pro=
yuinents ; the lait is common, the reft are generally very rare.
PLATE
ey
VER
ent
ATE il
IMC@Z LIQRARY
CAMBRIDGE./MA USA
&
HARV
: rasa a ee eS eS pega
ee ee en ee ee Le ee ee ee ae ey ee ee eS a
=m
ES aye + A
f 42.0
ra J
Pel A T E-Cxe
APIS CENTUNCULARIS,
CARPENTER BEE
HYMENOPTERA.
Wings four, generally membraneous. Tail of the females armed
with a fting.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Jaws, with a Trunk deflexed. Antenne elbowed in the middle,
firft joint longeft. Wings plain. Body hairy. E
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
AND
SYNONYMS.
Black. Body long, narrow. Head, Thorax, and Legs covered
with greyifh hair. Abdomen fmooth, beneath covered with tawny
hair.
Apis Centuncularis, nigra, ventre lana fulva.—Sy/?. Ent. 385. 42.—
Linn. Syft, Nat. 2. 575. 4. edit. 10.
Geoff. Inf. 2. 410. 5.
Scop. carn. 799.
Reaum. Inf. 6. tab. 10. fig. 3, 4s
Fab, Spec. Inf. 1. 486. 59.
_ The wonderful inftin@ that dire&ts the fmalleft Infes to provide
for the fafety of their future progeny, never fails to ftrike the attention
_ f the inquifitive refearcher into their oeconomy.—To perpetuate their
race
32 PL A Tee XX.
race is the great end of their being, and the moft aftonifhing effort of
their ingenuity and care is employed. to perfect this grand defign. We
not only find innumerable eggs, and larvze of Infect on all kinds of
plants; in all flanding waters; and in animal matter, when putrid ;
but many which can only be hatched from the egg by the warmth of
living animals. thus the Tabanus pierces the thick hide of the Cow,
and plunges its eggs into the flefh; the heat and moifture of which
nourifhes both in the egg, and larva; the Hippobofca equina pro-
trudes its eggs into the rectum of Horfes ; and the Ichneumon. into
living Caterpillars: to thofe we could add many remarkable inftances
of Infeéts, who have fhewn a lower fpecies of perception, by Uepofit-
ing their eggs in places where the larve would find abundance of
proper food; and with fuch ingenious contrivances for their fafety in a,
defencelefs ftate, as we could only expect from the fagacity of larger
animals; but it is only our intention to premife with thofe gencral re-
marks, left the fubjeét we have chofen for our prefent Plate fhould be
confidered as a folitary example of fuch ingenuity, and e¢are towards
their future offspring.
The Natural Hiftory of tlie Common Bee has been. both fully and
ably treated of, by Schirach, Maraldi, Reaumur, Debraw, and other
authors of refpectability, and may be fuppofed to be pretty generally
known by thofe converfant in rural affairs; the manners, however, of
other fpecies of the fame genus has neither been fo fully explained,
nor examined ; they yet prefent a fund for the enquiries of the Na-
turalift, equally worthy his attention; though lefs beneficial; as the
honey they make cannot be converted to our ufe.
Among the folitary Bees, fome penetrate into the earth, {coop out
hollow cavities; then polifh the fides within, and depofit their eggs,
with proper food for the larvae, till it becomes a Pupa. Others form
nefts of loofe fand, which they glue together with a ftrong cement 5
thofe nefts are generally formed againft walls that are expofed to the
fouth; without, they are rude and irregular, but within are very neatly
finifhed, and divided into feveral cells or apartments, in each of which
the Parent Bee lodges anegg. Of our prefent, and a few other fpecies,
we may fay, i
a | « Tay
PLA Te oe 33
« In firmeft oak they fcoop a {pacious tomb,
“© And lay their embryo in the {purious womb *.”
We find this feafon, the Apis Centuncularis has done confiderable
injury among the Timber Plantations. in Effex; and we have fimilar
information from fome parts of Cambridzefbire. A Gentleman fent
me (early in the Spring) a piece of Oak, containing a quantity of
the larva, from his plantation at Birdbrook, in Effex. He informs
me, feveral Gentlemen in his neighbourhood had found large trunks
of apparently healthy Oaks, completely perforated and filled with the
larva of this mifchievous Infect ; in many inftances the trunk had been
materially injured, and the cafes were arranged as fhewn by the hori-
zontal Seétion at Fig. 4, in our Plate——The perforations were in a
longitudinal dire&tion, feveral feet through the folid timber, and wher
the leaves were frefh, appeared as fhewn at Fig. 1.
The Infe& commences its operation at the upper part of the trunk
of the tree; then boring in an oblique direction for about two inches
et more, it follows a longitudinal courfe, it divides the ligneous fibres,
or threads, till it forms the diameter of the cavity, which is about
three-eighths of an inch, its depth various ; {ometimes only a few inches,
at others, confiderably more ; when the cavity is entirely formed, and
all the duft and fragments cleared away, it finifhes the fides perfectly
fmooth ; the hardeft knot in the timber being infufficient to refift the
ftrength of its jaws.—The cavity, when finifhed, appears divided
by flight ridges, placed at the -diftance of about three quarters of
an inch from each other; this ferves to regulate the fize of each
apartment or cell; and it now only remains to be lined for the
reception of the egg: this lining is generally compofed of rofe-
leaves; and is applied to the apartments in a very curious manner :
_the Parent Bee flies with a leaf to the orifice of the perforation, where
| fhe clips it round to the fize of the hole; this is forced to the bottom
of the loweft cell; about feven, eight, or ten of fuch pieces form
“the firft layer; it next forms the fides, or cylindrical part of the
lining ; this is done by laying feveral whole leaves partly over each
OE er SS SREP ESO SSS SI
* Brookes on Univerfal Beauty,
other,
34 Pr AS Cx
other, as fhewn in our Plate, and cementing them together with 4
glutinous fubftance; thus the fides and bottom, each confifting of
feveral layers, being finifhed, (in the form of a thimble) the Bee
partly fills it with a kind of pafte, then throws over it a {mall quantity
of leaves, reduced to powder, and depofits the egg ; the covering to
the whole is formed of the fame materials, and in the fame manner as
the bottom ; when fhe has forced about ten or fifteen circular pieces”
of leaves into the avenue and cemented them to the top, the covering
is completed, and the egg is completely fecured from accident—The
covering feparated is fhewn in the Plate, at fig. 3, the larva, at fig. 2.
In this manner fhe proceeds with, and finifhes every cell diftinély,
till the perforation is entirely filled: in fome trees forty or fifty fuch
perforations are placed within a quarter of an inch of each other.—_
The Bee comes forth late in Auguft ; if the loweft is formed before
thofe above, it eats its way up the channel, through their cafes.
Mr. Adams, in his Effay on the Microfcope, mentions-a remarkable ~
circumftance of a Bee (we fufpect of this fpecies). ‘ A friend of mine
(fays he) had a piece of wood cut from a ftrong poft * that fupported
the roof of a cart-houfe, full of thefe cells or round holes, three-
eighths of an inch diameter, and about three-fourths deep, each of —
which was filled with thefe rofe-leaf cafes, finely covered in at top and ~
bottom.”’
* We learn this poft was fire
PLATE
ate
we
tam Aa
aya
7h
Uy
foe
Pee TE» COX,
CUR CUL LO.
COLEOPTERA.
| Wings two. Covered by two Shells, divided by a longitudinal
future.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antenne clavated, elbowed in the middle, and fixed in the fnoutj
which is prominent. Joints in each foot four.
ee
FolCG. eee Il.
CURCGULIO ZQUATUS.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
Roftrum long, flender, dark brown fprinkled over with bronze #
Thorax the fame. Shells reddifh brown. Legs brown,
Fab. Ent. Syfte
’
FIG. I. Natural Size.
% This Infe& was found in May on the hazel; the fpecies varies in
fize, but more in colour.
G FIG,
36 PLATE €Xxt.
EG ur TV.
-CURCULIO PYRL
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
AND
SYMONLM S.
+ Snout fhort. Thighs dentated. General colour bronze changes
able to yellow red, brown, green, &c. Shells ftriated and punctured, —
Curcuuio Pyri. breviroftris femoribus dentatis zeneo fufcus,
Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 615. 72.
Fn, Sv. 623.
Curculie breviroftris, antennis fraCtis rufis, corpore oblengo neo
nitido, pedibus rufis *, Degeer Inf. 5.246. 34. s
Curculig viridis opacus, pedibus antennifque magis fufcis, Linn. Jt.
: Scan. 355
qn<—-acenrso SESS
It has been fufpeCted by fome Entomologitts, that this Infect fhould,
only be confidered as a variety of Curculio Argentatus. Much of its
beautiful appearance depends on the time we take it in; when firft
hatched its colours are very rich and highly gloffed with gold, but i |
gradually becomes dirty brown, or almoft black.
The caufe of this alteration in its appearance is eafily perceived
by the microfcope; the firft, or ground colour is dark brown, bu
is entirely covered with oblong feales of various beautiful- colours,”
particularly of a reddifh gold, or bronze, interfperfed with thofe of
green, and brown colour; when the Infect is firft hatched,
{cales lay over each other fo as to conceal the ground colour;
but as they rub off, or are otherwife injured, the brown becomes
the general colour. They vary alfo very much from red, t
® Variat pedibus rufis et nigris, Fad, Spec. Inf 1. 198. 2196
yellow,
Bebork TE. OX, 37
_ yellow, or green hues, when firft hatched; and are fometimes found
Jate in the feafon, with almoft every fcale rubbed off.
Linnzus and Fabricius fay, it is found on Pear trees +, We have
met with it on feveral other trees. Found from AZay to September.
GV a WO.
Cur CULTO: CAPR Ez:
SPEBRCAFIC CHARBCTER.
Small, black. A longitudinal whitith line down the Thorax. Two
waved white lines acrofs the fhells, with a longitudinal mark of browa
oneach. Legs black.
Curcurio Caprea. Fab. Spec. Inf. 1. 168. 39.
SES,
This little Infe&t very much refembles Curculio Salicis, both in
fize and colours ; but it is fuficiently diftinguifhed from that {pecies
by its walking or running ; as leaping is a particular cHaracter of that
Curculio.
We have never met with more than one fpecimen; found on the
Ozier in Fuze.
“It is avery beautiful fubject for the Opaque Microfcope ; its mage
Nified appearance is fhewn at fig. 6.—The roftrum fig. 7.—Fig. 5.
Natural fize.
+ Habitat in Pyri foliis, in Corrolis declaratus. Linn.
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CAMBRIDGE. MA USA *
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[ 39 ]
Bl. A tee CXXIT
PhHIN SE LPENOR.
ELEPHANT SPHINX, or Hawk-Morn.
LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennz thickeft in the middle. Wings, when at reft, deflexed.
Fly flow, Morning and Evening.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
AND
SMNONYM Ss. ,
Wings angular, entire ; firft wings ftriped tranfverfely with greenifh
brown, and red. Second Wings red, witha white pofterior margin;
black at the bafe. Body red and brown.
SPHINX ELpENor. Allis integris, viridi puspureoque variis, pofticis
rubris bafi atris.
Fab, Spec. Inf. 2. 148. 43.
Syft. Ent. 543. 25-
Linn, Syft, Nat. 2. 801. 17.
Fn, Sv. 1049.
Sphinx fpirilinguis, alis viridi purpureoque fafciatis, fafciis linearibus
tranfverfis. Geof. Inf. 2. 86. 10.
. Roef. Inf. 1. phal. 2. tab. 33. fig. 73.
Petiv. Gaxoph. tab. 40. fig. U1. 12. 17.
Frifch, Inf. 13. 4. tab. 2.
The Caterpillars of this very elegant Sphinx are generally found
in marfhy places in Fune and Fuly. They feed on the Convolvulus,
Ne 6 Vine,
40 PLATE CXXII,
Vine, and fome other plants, but prefer white ladies bedftraw; they
caft their fkins feveral times, and when full fed are fome green, and
others of a brown colour. The Caterpillars of the female is a fine
green elegantly marked with black, as reprefented in our plate; thofe
of the male are varied with the fame dark markings, but the colour is
a dull brown inclining to black in thofe parts where the females are
green,
It poffeffes a faculty peculiar to a very few Infects, it can protrude
its head and three firft joints to a tapering point; or entirely conceal
the head and contract the firft joints, by drawing them apparently into
‘its body.
The Caterpillars form a white {pinning among the leaves in 4ugu/?5
remains in the pupa ftate during the winter; the Fly’comes forth Adag
following. They are frequently deftroyed by an Ichneumon fly,
ali’. Ot, ey GITY
CAMBRIDSc. MA USA
Eat
ra AT E gCXxnk
CIMEX PRASINUS.
HEMIPTERA.
Shells, or Upper Wings femicruftaceous, not divided by a ftraight
future, but incumbent on each other. Back curved downwards.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
AND
SF NON 7 M &
Head, Corfelet and Shells green. Abdomen black above, with a
yellow and black margin, beneath pale orange varied into green. Legs
and Antenne yellowith.
Cimex Prasinus. Linn. Sy/?. Nat. 2.722. 49.
Fab. Spec. Inf. 2. 354. 96.
Not uncommon in the month of 4ugu/? in woods. Found on the
Oak,
PLATE
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& ef Pe me th ek - Hs sas ee
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MCZ LipnaRy
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE, MA USA
Cr
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124
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ea POE CXR IVY
PHALENA ANOSTOMOSIS.
Scarce Cuyocorate-trp Morn. |
LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when
at reft. Fly by night.
BOMBY X.
Antennz feathered.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Firft wings greyifh, with three tranverfe ftripes of dull white.
Apex fine chocolate colour. Second wings and body pale brown.
PuHatana Anostomosis. B. alis deflexis grifeis, ftrigis tribus.
albidis fubanaftomofantibus, tho-
race ferruginato. Fab. Spec. Inf. 2
189. 85.
Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 824. 53-
Fn, Sv. 1124.
Goed. Inf. 1. tab. 33.
A very rare fpecies of Phalena. In the perfect ftate it is feldom
“met with; and in the Caterpillar ftate few Colle¢tors are acquainted
with its haunts. It feeds on the fallow, willow, and poplar, and
may be found fometimes by {tripping off the bark of thofe trees.
H Our
44 BL ATS crx:
Our fpecimen was taken in the vicinity of Oak-of-Honor Hill,
Surry. ‘The Caterpillar was met with when it was ready to fpin its
web, in which ftate it is reprefented; its {pinning was formed be-
tween the folds of a leaf in the month of O&ober, the Moth came
forth in May.
The Moth in the upper part of the plate is a {mall {pecimen of
the female ; it differs very little from the male, except that the an-
tennz of the latter is much feathered, as is fhewn on the back of
the leaf.
The fpecies is more plentiful on the continent of Europe, and
a variety of it is a native of fome parts of North America.
A Colleétor of Infe&s in London met with a brood of this fpecies
Jaft September, in the Caterpillar ftate, containing more than twenty ;
fome were covered with a milk-white down, others inclining to grey,
but in general they were like the {pecimen given in our plate. They
changed their appearance frequently, and fome were much larger
than the reft. “The Moths alfo differ very much both in fize and
colour ; fome are dingy, others have the chocolate colour much dif-
fufed ; and in general, when the Infe&t is perfect, it is beautifully
yaried with a pale bloom of a purple hue.
i
uli . AEAny
CAMBRIOGE. MA USA
[> 45a]
Pe A T E CxOey,
MUSCA SEMINATIONIS.
DIPTERA.
Wings 2.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
A foft flexible trunk, with lateral lips at the end. No palpi.
SPECIFIC iCHd RACE R.
Head and Thorax black-brown; Abdomen black, with very mi-
nute fpecks of white. Wings clouded and fpeckled with brown,
A yellow ftreak on the under fide of the abdomen.
Musca SEMINATIONIS. Antennis fetariis, alis atris cinereo punc-
tatis, abdomine bafi fubtus flavo.
Fab. Spec. Inf. 2. 452. 90.
This fpecies is fometimes met with in meadows, on plaintain,
thiftles, &c. in May and June.
It is a very pleafing obje@ for the Microfcope, particularly the
wings, which are finely reticulated and fpotted. Its magnified ap-
pearance is given with its natural fize in our plate.
H 2 PLATE
MCZ LIBRARY: |.
=
RO UNDER SITY
: Pv a Perla
\DGE. MAUS AP
wa ey,
oh
as A
Oo
be47
peo A TE CXXVE
mA LANA, RUMICIS.
BrRaMBLE MorThR.
LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general contracted when
at reft. Fly by night.
e ON O.€ Turd.
Antennz like a hair.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Firft wings grey, marked with pale black ftreaks and clouds, with
‘am eye in the middle, and two white fpots on the anterior margin.
Second wings pale brown.
Puatrzna Romicis. N. criftata, alis deflexis cinereo fufcoque
variis litura marginis tenuioris alba.—
Fab. Spec. Inf. 2. 238. 143.
Puarana Romicis. fpirilinguis criftata, alis deflexis cinereo
{ bimaculatis, litura marginis tenuioris
alba. Linn, Syft. Nat. 2. 852. 164.—
Fn. Su. 1200.
Merian. Europ. tab. 82.
Alb. Inf. tab. 32.
Wilk. pap. 26. tab. 3. a. 1.
Degeer Inf. 4. tab. 9. fig. 2
st
The Caterpillar of this Moth are ufually found on the Bramble,
from which it has received its Englifh name; it is not, however,
wholly confined to that food, as we have fed it on grafs and other
Plants indifcriminately put into its breeding-cage. It paffes to the
chryfalis ftate in September; the Fly appears in May.
PLATE
aw
aye
btn = emai
et, = NE ALTO FIO AS
:
ree
BS ees
MCZ LIPRARY
BARVARS Waly EXSY
CANGAIDSE, MA USA
127
PEAT. EE CXXvit
PoP E'S fF I Sige UT Crs.
COLEOPTERA.
®
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antenne taper, the length of the thorax: Head half concealed.
y
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Head and thorax fine blue. Shells upper half changeable green 5
lower part reddifh purple.
Burrestis SALicis: elytris integerrimis viridis nitens, coleop-
teris aureis bafiviridibus. Fab. Gen. In/.
Mant. p. 237.
Bupreftis elegantula, Schrank. Inf. Aufir. n. 365. p. 195.
Cucuius rubinus. Fourcroy. Ent. Paris. T. I. n. 4. p. 33:
Le Richard rubis. Geoff. Inf: Paris F. [. p. 126.
Geputzter Stinkkafer. Weiden-Prachtkafer. Panz. Faun. Inf. Germ
This uncommonly beautiful Infect has been defcribed as a native
of Algiers in Africa, a figure of it is given in the work of Olivier,
and another in Panzer’s Hiftory of the Infects of Germany ; we
find it alfo defcribed by Fourcroy and Gesffrory as a native of France,
but cannot learn that it has been confidered as an Englifh {pecies
before this time.
We were not fo fortunate as to take this Infect, it was commu.
nicated by a perfon on whofe veracity we can rely: he found it
on the bark of an old willow tree, between Dulwich Common and
I Norwood,
52 PL A, T Esp CXXVI.
Norwood, on, or about the 8th of June, 1794. As we know the
precife {pot where it was taken, we fhall attend to it particularly
next feafon, and the earlieft intimation of fuccefs, fhall be given
through the medium of a future number.
When we confider how much the ftudy of coleopterous Infeéts has
been neglected in this country, even by thofe who have purfued
with unremitting perfeverance almoft every other branch of Ento-
mology, we cannot be much aftonifhed that fuch a minute Infe& as
the Bupreftis Salicis fhould have efcaped notice ; add to this, we car
~ fcarcely doubt that it is very rare in this country, and probably live,
concealed in the crevices of the tree, or under the rotten part of the
bark. ‘The number of new Infeéts that have been difcovered in this
country within a few years *, renders it not improbable, that future
Englith Entomologifts, by extending their enquiries, may find mary
more of the fpecies that are now met with in the northern, and per-
haps even fouthern parts of Europe.
-
Fig. 1, natural fize. Fig. 2, its magnified appearance.
*
* Among the rarities met with laft fummer, we may particularly mention the Pha-
kena Delphinii, Peafe Blofim Moth. This very beautiful Infe&t was taken by a Gentle-
man at Chelfea; it was never afcertained before to be an Englith Infe@.
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EPHEMERA VULGATA.
ComMMON EpHEMERA, or May-F ty.
NEUROPTERA.
Wings 4. Naked, tranfparent, reticulated with veins or nerves.
Tail without a fting.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennz very fhort. Two protuberances before the eyes. Wings
erect. Second pair fmall. Two or three tails like briftles, Short
lived.
SPECIFIC: GHARACTER.
Wings reticulated, brownifh with five or fix brown fpots. Body
yellowifh, with black fpecks. Three tails.
EPHEMERA VULGATA: Cauda trifeta, alis nebulofo maculatis.
Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 906.1. Fn. Sv. 1472.
In the larva and pupa ftate, this Infect is found under loofe ftones
at the bottom of fhallow pools ; in the winged ftate it frequents the
water.
We have feveral fpecies of this genus in England. The Ephe-
mera Vulgata, is the largeft among them. A very diflinguifhing
character of them is the fhortnefs of their lives, which feldom ex-
ceeds a few hours. In the month of May thefe Infecs are feen in
great plenty on the water, where they are greedily devoured by the
fith ; anglers fay, when the large Ephemera appears, the trout will
fnap at no other bait, than the artificial fly made after its form.—
In fome fpecimens the wings are more clouded, and the tails longer
than in others.
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ARGENT AND SABLE MorTH.
LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general contraéted when
at reft.. Fly by night.
*#*GEOMET KZ.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
White, beautifully marked and {potted with black.
PHaLana Hastara: feticornis, alis omnibus nigris albo macu-
latis, fafciis duabus albis nigro pun@tatis
haftata dentatis. Linn, Sy/?. Nat. 2. 870.
254. fn. Sv. 1276.
Phalena antennis filiformibus; alis latis albis fafciis undulatis ma-
culifque haitatis nigris. Degeer. Inf. Verf.
Germ. 2. 1. 334. 7. tab. 8. fig. 20.
Clerk. phal. tab. 1. fig. 9.
Kleman Inf. 1. tab. 44.
EE a ER
The Argent and Sable Moth is fearce in the Fly ftate : though its
young caterpillars are not uncommon in fome parts of Kent; we
have
56 PL, Aree XXIx,
have met with feveral about the narrow lanes in Darent-wood, Dart-
ford, in April, or early in the month of May. It is however very
difficult to breed them ; they generally die in the pupa ftate, or be-
fore they caft their laft {kin when caterpillars; from feveral fpeci-
mens taken during the three laft fummers, we have only had one
Moth produced, and that fo crippled, as merely to enable us to af-
certain the {pecies. |
The fmall Caterpillars are of a dark purplifh colour, when nearly
full fed they have a yellow under fide marked with black, with the
back purple ; before they change to the pupa ftate, they become
almoft brown,
They remain only a month in the pupa ftate. “The Moth appears
about the middle of June.—Food, white-thorn and alder.
PHALANA ANASTOMOSIS:
Bor. IV:
Since the publication of the laft Number, we have been favoured
with a moft beautiful fpecimen of the Moth figured in the 124th Plate
of this Work, and prefent a figure of it to our fubfcribers, together
with the feveral changes of the Phalzna Haftata; it will fhew how
very liable this Infect is to variation in its colours, fize, &c.
We find alfo that though this Infe&t has been named Phalena
Anaftomofis in the moft fcientific Cabinets in London, and always
received as fuch by the belt authority, it is not the Infect
referred to by Fabricius in his Species Infectorum under that
title; that Author, as well as Linnzus, refers under the fpecific
name Ph. Curtula to the 43d Plate of the third Volume of Roefel’s
Infects ; in this Plate is figured a Moth which is certainly a fpecies
diftinét from our Infeét, and is well known by its Linnzan name
Curtula, or Englith title Chocolate Tip ; yet Fabricius gives-an addi-
tional reference for the fame fpecies to the 11th Plate of Roefel’s
fourth
PLATE CXXix. 57
fourth Volume of Infeéts, and in this we find the figure of a Moth
whofe markings and general appearance correfpond with our fpeci-
men, though its colours are totally different, being a very pale grey
with fcarcely any dark colour near the apex of the wings ; the larva
.much more refembles our figure, and induces us to conclude, that
though the figure of this laft Moth is fo extremely different, it is
probably intended for the fame fpecies as our Infe& ; and therefore
that the two diftinét fpecies have been confounded together, by a
falfe quotation of Linnzus’s Amanuenfis.
And we are partly confirmed in this fuppofition by the words of
Linnzus himfelf ; he fays, Ph. Anaftomofis is very like Ph. Curtula,
but the Moth figured in Roefel’s plate, and referred to in the Syno-
nyms under Anaftomofis, does not bear the leaft refemblance to it ;
—our Infe&t on the contrary, though evidently a diftinct {pecies, is
not unlike it.
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GRYLLUS VIRIDISSIMUS,
HEMIPTERA.
Shells, or upper Wings, femicruftaceous, not divided by a ftraight
future, but incumbent on cach other. Beak curved down.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Head maxillous, and with palpi. Antennz filiform. Wings
folded. Hind Legs ftrong, for leaping.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Head, Thorax, and Wings green, without fpots. Antennz very
Jong.
GryLuus VirIDISssimus: thorace rotundato, alis viridibus imma-
culatis, antennis fetaceis longiffimis.
Linn. Syft. Nat. v. 1. p. 430. 38.
edit. 10.
Locusta VIRIDISSIMA: alis viridibus immaculatis, antennis lon-
giffimis. Fab. Sy/ft. Ent. 286. 22.—
Spec. Inf. 1. 359. 23.
Locufta viridis cantatrix viridis immaculata, thorace rotundato, cauda
feminz enfifera recta. Degeer Inf. 3.
428.
Agrigoneus. Lift. Goed. 301. tab. 121.
K This
60 PLA © met CXXX:
This Infe& is larger than the great green Grafshopper, (Gryllus
werrucivorus) or any other fpecies of the genus we have in this
country ; unlefs we notice the Gryllus Magratorius, which is well
known for its depredations in many parts of the world, but is rarely
met with in England.
The prefent fpecies is perhaps not uncommon in many places,
but it is very difficult to difcover its hiding-places in the day-time ;
its chirp is fometimes heard in acalm Summer’s evening, about
fun-fet, iffuing from the bufhes where it is concealed; and from
which it feldom ventures tiJ] night; it continues its chirping at ins
tervals till morning.
The female feems to prefer a warm, and rather moift fituation, to
depofit her eggs in, and this is commonly the fide of a bank that is
expofed to the fun ; but is well covered with grafs and other herbage
to keep it moift. She is furnifhed with a fharp double edged fheath,
like a fword, with which fhe opens the ground in a perpendicular
direction ; firft fcooping out a convenient cylindrical aperture, and
then widening the lower part into a fpacious apartment for the re-
ception of the eggs. See Fig. I.
~ When the Infect burfts from the egg it is very minute, and with-
out Wings ; in this {tate it nips the tender fhoots of grafs, &c. It
foon increafes in fize and aflumes the pupa form; in which ftate
though the Wings are not perfect, their rudiments appear next the
Thorax: it continues in this ftate till it has nearly acquired its full
fize before the Wings burft open from the protuberances.
Our fpecimens were taken in Batterfea Meadows ; in the egg {tate
early in April; winged ftate in June,
PLATE
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PUR, Ae T -E. .\GXXXE,
TABANUS CAECUTIENS.
DIPTERA.
Wings two.
GENERIC CHARACTER,
Antennz conic, of four fegments. ‘Trunks flefhy, terminated by
two lips. Palpi, one on each fide of the Trunk.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Eyes brilliant, green with black fpots. Thorax brown with
yellowifh lines. Body bright yellow with triangular black marks,
anterior margin, and center of the Wing black,
Tasanus CAECUTIENS: oculis viridibus nigro punétatis, alis ma-
eulatis. Fad. Syft. Ent. n. 18. p. 790.
Fab. Spec. Inf. 2. 27. p. 459.
Tapanus CaEcurIENS: oculis nigro-punctatis, alis maculatis.—
Linn. Syft. Nat. 17. p. 100l. ed. 13.
nN. 17. p. 2885.
Faun. Suec. n. 1888.
Tabanus fufcus, abdominis lateribus pedibufque flavis, alis maculis
fufcis. Geoffr. Inf. 2. n. 8. p. 463.
Tabanus nibulofs. Harris Inf. Angl. tab. 7. fig. 5.
Mufca bipennis pulcra, alis maculis amplis albis pictis. Raz. Inf.
pe 27%
Le Taon brun, a cotes du ventre jaunes, et ailes tachetées de noir.
: Geoffr.
Die buntaugichte Breme. Panzer’s Deut[chlands Infeien, (Fo. —
Faun, Inf. Germ.
, K 2 En
62 PLAW EY GXXXI
In the months of June and July, or earlier in forward feafons,
this Infe& is found in great plenty in the lanes and {kirts of: woods ;
and are very troublefome to perfons or animals who pafs through fuch
places in the middle of the day: they conceal themfelves in the ~
crevices of the bark of trees, or among the foliage till about an hour
before noon, when they come forth. in great plenty, and fettle on
the hands and face, or other thinly covered parts, and dart their fharp
pointed trunks or probofcis into the flefh : we have obferved the fting
of this Infe&t to be moft fevere about mid-day, particularly when
the fun fhines bright, and emits much heat ; a difagreeable fenfation
continues in the ftung part for fome time, and is generally fucceeded
by a large tumor, and a flight difcharge of pungent fluid before it
difappears entirely.
‘To explain more minutely the ftru€ture of the trunk, we have
given a figure of its magnified appearance at Fig. III: the outer
coat, or fheath, terminates at its extremity, in two lateral, moveable
lips, and contains a longitudinal, horny, convex blade ; the acute.
point of which is concealed between thefe lips: this interior tube,
when examined with a Microfcope, appears to confift of three others,
exceedingly fharp at the points; and are ufed by the Infe& as lancets
to lacerate the flefh when it feeds, while it pumps, or fucks up the
blood and moifture from the wound, through the capillary tubes with
which feveral parts of the trunk are furnifhed.
It feeds in the fame manner on Infeéts, but chiefly on thofe in
the larva ftate.
The fpecies is not uncommon in Germany, France, Italy, and
moft warm parts of Europe: alfo received from Georgia, in North
America.
Fig. I. Natural Size. Fig. II. Front View of the Head mag-
nified, with the Eyes and Probofcis; the former are moft beautiful
microfcopical objects when the Infeé& is alive, but turn brown after
-it dies.
PLATE
_ MCZ LIBRARY
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDSE. MA USA
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Pil A LB GX NTS
PHALHNA LUNARIA.
BEAUTIFUL THoRN-MorH.
LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings, in general deflexed when
at reft. Fly by night.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Antennz feathered. Wings angulated, indented ; a junar {pot
near the center of each. General colour, pale red brown, clouded
and fpeckled.
Kleman Inf. 3.
Fab. Spece Inf. 2. 245. 18 2
We have been furnifhed with the larva of this extremely rare
Infect in a fingular manner: a wafted fpecimen of the female was
taken in the Summer of the year 1794, and depofited a quantity of
eggs in the box in which it was ftuck ; thefe hatching fome time
after, a great number of young Caterpillars were produced ; feveral
of a full fize, paffed to the pupa ftate, (in a reddifh web fpun on
the leaves) and four fine Moths came forth laft Summer.
The eggs were very minute, perfectly globular, and of a pale
greenifh colour: the clufter confifted of more than feventy, and few
of them proved abortive ; but fome of the largeft Caterpillars de-
youred
64 PLA TED CXXXI.
voured the reft, and many others wandered from the food, and fo
perifhed. The Moths were far fuperior for the beauty and richnefs
of their colours to any fpecimens we have feen before; but this is
not remarkable, as moft of the fpecimens preferved in Cabinets near
London, have been taken in the winged ftate.
It feeds on the lime ; is found in the Caterpillar ftlate in Auguft ;
the Moth appears in June. Is fometimes taken in the interior part
of Darent-Wood, Dartford; and rarely elfewhere near London.
It has been met with alfo at Feverfham, in Kent, on the Elm.
Kleman, in the laft volume of German Infeéts, lately publifhed,
has given three figures of this Moth; but has neither figured the
Caterpillar nor Pupa. Fabricius is the only fyftematical Writer who
appears to have noticed it.
PLATE
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BARUARD UNIVERe tty
- CARBALIGE, MA USA
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Pee AT EF CxO
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Grey Dascer-Morn.
LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings, in general defiexed when
at reft. Fly by night.
Noé@tua, Antennz fetaceous.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONTMS.
Firft wings and body grey; on the former three or four black
marks, in the form of a dagger*. Second wings pale brown, with
a flightly fcalloped margin.
PHavtana Pst: criftata, alis deflexis cinereis, anticis lineola bafeos
characteribufque nigris. Syf. Ent. 614. 104.—~
Fab. Spee. Inf. 2. 235. 129.
Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 846. 135.
Alb, Inf. tab. 26.
The Caterpillars of the Grey Dagger-Moth is frequently found
en fruit trees; particularly on the cherry: it feeds alfo on the
willow and poplar, and on almoft all plants indifcriminately when
confined in the breeding cage. It is not an uncommen Infe&: the
Caterpillars change in September, remain in the chryfalis flate during
Winter, and the Moth appears late in May, or early in June.
* Or like the Greek ()) Pj; from which it receives its {pecific name.
L PLATE
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CAMBRIDGE. MA USA
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PLA T.E CXXXIV.
PHALANA PLANTAGINTS.
SNA LL kal CoE LR.
LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC, CHARACTER.
Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when
-at reft. Fly by night.
Bombyx antennz of the male pectinated or feathered.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Firft Wings yellow, fecond Wings orange colour ; both clouded
with black. Body orange and black.
PHALANA PLANTAGINIS elinguis. alis deflexis atris, rivulis flavis,
inferioribus rubro maculatis. Linn. Sy/?.
Nat..2. 820. 42.—Fn. Su. 1132. ~
PHALANA pectinicornis elinguis, alis deflexis, fuperioribus fufcis,
maculis luteis, inferioribus rubris, ma-
culis quatuor nigris. «Geof. Inf. 2.
10g. Io.
Phalena Alpicola. Scop. carn. 507-
Wilk. pap. 24. tab. 3. ds 5
Roef. Inf. 4. tab. 24.
Fab. fpec. Inf. 2. 196. 115.
L’Ecaille brune. Geofr.
Der Wegerichfpinner. Die fpanifche Fahne. Die befchleierte
Barenphalene. Panf. Fauz. Inf. Germ.
L 2 This
70 PLATE UCXXxIv.
This fpecies feeds on nettles, chickweed, plantain, grafs, &e.
The Caterpillars very much refemble thofe of the large Garden Tiger
Moth*, except in fize; they change into chryfalis about the middle
of April, and appear in the winged ftate the latter end of May.
We have not found this Infeé& fo plenty as the Ruby Tiger Moth t,
and it is infinitely more fcarce than the great Garden Tiger Moth,
figured in the early part of this Work.
A variety of this fpecies, with crimfon under wings, is found in
the Eaft Indies and in America. The under wings of the female,
in the European fpecimens, are much redder than in the male.
* Bhal. Caja. + Phal. Fuliginofa.
PLATE
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| CAMBRIDGE: MA .USA® a
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CIMEX SPISSICORNIS.
HeEMIPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
_ Antennz longer than the thorax. Thorax margined. In each
foot three joints.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Antenne very large. Head, thorax, and fhells, pale blackifh
brown. Feet yellow.
CIMEX SPISCICORNIs: oblongus niger, pedibus flavis, antennis
incraflatis. Fabri. Gen. Inf. Mant. p.
300.— Sp. Inf. 2. 207. p. 372
Die borftenhornige Wanze. Panz. Inf. Germ.
er ee
The fingular ftru€ture of the antennz of this minute Infect, re-
commends it to particular notice.- ‘They are nearly as long as the
body, and in the thickeft part are very bulky; hence it has received
the fpecific name Spiflicornis, or large horned Cimex.
It is not uncommon in fummer; flies amongft bufhes or low
herbage in the day time: the lower wings are of a very beautiful
purple colour, and give a blackifh hue to the outer wings when
folded
72 PL A Tap CXR,
folded under them. The larva we fufpeét has not been figured, i
noticed, before, and for this reafon we have given it of the natura
fize at fig. 1. and its magnified appearance at fig. 2.—at fig. 3. th
natural fize of the perfect or winged infect; fig. 4. the fam
magnified.
Found in the larva ftate in May, was fed on grafs, the winge
Infect appeared June 19th.
PLATE
MCZ LIZRARY
He bh ae EAST,
CANBRIOGE. MA USA
wien |
Fic al., BE: CRRA
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Many-FEATHERED Morn.
LEPIDOPTERA.
' GENERIC CHARACTER,
Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when
at reft. Fly by night.
* PTEROPHORUS.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
- Wings divided into Feathers, yellowifh and grey, with brown
Spots.
Phalana Hexada@yla. Linn. Sy/t. Nat.
Poatana HexapacrTyY_us, alis fiffis cinereis, fingulis fexpartitis.
Fab. Spec. laf. 2. 312. 7.—Syft. Ent.
672: 1.
Reaum. Inf.1. tab. 19.—Fig. 19. 2%.
frifch. Inf. 7, tab. 73.
Among an almoft endlefs variety of fpecies, which the tribes of
Infects prefent, few have a more fingular appearance than the little
creature we have felected for our prefent fubje&. It is perhaps
one of the moft curious pieces of natural mechanifm (if we may be
allowed the expreflion) that can be conceived, for of a moft com-
plicated fabric which the wings appear, every part, though feparate,
* Fabricius
M acts
46 P LAW BoeCxx Xvi.
acts in perfect unifon with the reft ; in moft winged Infects we find
the tendons of each wing united by ftrong membranaceous webs,
which prevent any one from acting without the others, but in this
every tendon muft perform a diftin& part, and yet perfectly in
conformity with the reft to affift the Infect in its flight. When the
Infect refts the feathers fold over one another ; but when it flies,
they are thrown open, and refemble a ful! expanded fan.
The natural fize of this fingular creature is given at Fig. x. and
as a more correct figure than can be fhewn in fuch a fmall compafs
was thought neceflary, its magnified appearance is reprefented at
Fig. 2a
The plumes of this Infect differs fo much from thofe of other Moths,
that we have alfo added, at Fig. 3, the appearance of the upper part of
one, as feen by a very deep lens of the Microfcope ; by this the ftem
or quil is obferved covered with fcales of the form ufually found on
other Moths, but the fides are finely feathered with long hairs, in
tufts, alternately of a light and dark colour, and which, owing tq
the minutenefs of the Infect appear like patches of an uniform’
colour, before it is examined with the Microfcope.
This Infe& is not uncommon in Summer, it flies about hedges
in the evening.
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BurNIsHED Brass Moru.
LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennz taper from the Bafe. Wings in general deflexed when
at reft. Fly by night.
NocTua.
Antennz of both fexes filiform.
. SPECIFIC GHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Firft Wings brown, with two tranfverfe broad waves of greenifh
gold on each. Second Wings blackifh grey. Wings margined.
_ Poatana Curysitis Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 843. 126.
Noétua criftata, alis deflexis orichalceis, margine fafciaque
grifeis. Sy/ts Ent. 606, 69.—Spec. Inf. 2. p. 226. 9X.
— Fabricius.
Phalena {eticornis fpirilinguis, alis deflexis ferrugineo fufcis, fafcia
duplici tranfverfa viridi aurea. Geof. Inf. 2. 149. 97.
Phalena antennis filiformibus, dorfo criftato, alis deflexis grifeis,
fafciis duabus aureo viridibus. Degeer. Inf. Vers. Germ.
Wake SE Loe
Merian. Europ. tab. 39.
Albin Inf. tab. 7%. fig. a. bic. de
Shaff. Icon, tab. 101. fig. 2. 3
M 2 The
48 PLA TB. Cxxxvil.
The pencil can produce but a feeble and inadequate imitation of
the metallic fplendour of this beautiful, yet common Infect. The
upper Wings have the appearance of fine burnifhed brafs, changeable
in different direétions of the light to green, brown, and rich golden
hues ; the under Wings are of a blackifh colour, and ferve as an
admirable contraft to the more brilliant and varied teints of the upper
Wings. The Thorax is crefted.
Berkenhout has given a very falfe defcription of the Caterpillar of
this Infect, he fays it is ‘* {mooth, orange with white f{pots;’’ we
think it neceflary to note this error only as it may miflead young
Colie&ors, who have no other affiftant than his Synopfis, by which
they can determine the Species, when in the Caterpillar ftate. It is
aftonifhing how he could poflibly be led into this error, when Albin,
Fabricius *, and all preceding authors on Entomology, have defcribed
it fo plainly.
It feeds on Nettles, and other Plants, growing among ‘the low
herbage by the fide of banks; in fine feafons there are generally
two broods of them from May, to June in the following year; the
firft are found early in May in the Caterpillar ftate, appear in June
in thé winged ftate; Caterpillars are full fed again in July, the
Moths come forth in Augutt.
* Larva folitaria, gibbofa, viridis albo ftriata. Fabricius.
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COLEOPTERA.
Wings two, covered by two fhells, divided by a longitudinal
future.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennz knotted, enlarging towards the ends. Shells and Thorax
bordered. Head concealed under the corfelet.
SPECIFIC .CHARACTER.
Greyifh Green; on the center of each Shell a ftreak of gold,
which dies with the Infect. Body beneath black.
Cassipa Nosixis: grifea elytris linea coerulea nitidiffima.
Linn. Syft, Nat. 2. 575+ 4-
Oliv. Inf. 97. tab. 2. fig. 24.
Raj. Inf. 107. 7.
This fpecies is far lefs common than Caffida Viridis. Itisavery .
beautiful Infect ; but, like moft other minute fpecies, appears with
infinitely more advantage in the Microfcope for opake objects ; in-
deed, without fuch affiftance, it is impoffible to perceive the beauty
of that part by which it is diftinguifhed from every other fpecies of
the fame genus we have in England, the lines of fine gold and blue,
which are feen on the middle of the Shells.
When the Infe& is alive, it is of a pale greenifh colour, inclining
to brownifh grey, and along the middle of each Shell appears a
fplendid ftreak, or line of gold, margined with a fine pale fky blue,
alternately varying into green, and gold. By the Microfcope we
| alfo
80 PL A T WY CRXXVOL
alfo difcover many minute punétures, and feveral waved lines and
ftreaks, which defcend along the Shells from the bafe, and unite
near the apex. |
Its colours are more or lefs beautiful as the Infect is healthy or
fickly ; and as it dies, the colours gradually perifh; the fplendor of
gold is no longer vifible than life is retained, it changes to green ;
from green to a brown, which fcarcely appears through a faint tinge
of blue, and in a few hours it changes altogether to a rufty brown
colour.
This Infe@t is admirably protected from external injury by the
fingular form of its Thorax and Shells, which are alfo fo large as to
conceal every other part when the Infect walks.
The natural fize is fhown at fig. 4, (upper fide.) Fig. 2, under
fide. Fig. 3, upper fide magnified. |
Bo Gey.
CHRYSOMELA, BANKIL
CoLEOPTERA.
~ GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antenne knotted, enlarging towards the ends. Corfelet mar-
gined.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
Body oval. Head, Thorax and Shells, purplifh olive colour,
changeable, with a bronze appearance. ‘Bencath, reddifh brown,
or te{taceous. ,
CurysoMELA Bankil: ovata fupra znea fubtus teftacea. Fads
Entomologia Syftematica. T. 1. 310.16.
This is a very rare Infe& in England. It refembles Chryfomela
bicolor in fize, and colour of the Head, Thorax and Shells; but it
may be readily diftinguifhed from that f{pecies by -the teftaceous
colour of the under fide, that part being wholly of a violaceous
colour in C. bicolor.
Found in May on a thiftle. .
9
PLATE, CXXXVI, Ss
pcb Ge.) Vi, av
CPCADA DIL AT Aw A,
HEMIPTERA.
Shells or upper Wings, femi cruftaceous, divided by an oblique
future, and incumbent on each other. Beak bent down.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennz taper. Shells membraneous. In each foot three joints,
Hind legs {trong for leaping. .
SPECIFIG CHARACTER.
Entirely brown, pale with faint whitifh and dark lines, a {mall
black fpot on the center of each wing.
A figure of this Infect is given in Villers’s Entomology as a native
of France; in this he follows the authority of Fourcroy, who has
a defcription of the fame fpecies in his Catalogue of Infeéts, found
in the environs of Paris. This laft author calls it Le Cigale renflée,
from its puffed or {welled appearance. ‘The name given by: Villers
is Cicada dilatata.
The confufion made by Babricius, in his alterations of the Lin-
naan genera, renders it doubtful whether he has defcribed this Infe@,
though, frog its being commonly found in moft parts of Europe,
we mutt fuppofe he has not paffed over it without notice: we have
examined his laft work, (Entomologia Syftematica, &c.) and cannot
find an Infect anfwering our fpecies with any reference either to
Fourcroy or Villers, we therefore prefer the fpecific name given by
the latter author.
Is found in June; and is lefs common than any Infect of the fame
genus hitherto given in this work.
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PHALENA METICULOSA,
ANGLE-SHADES MoTH.
LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings, in general deflexed when
at reft, Fly by night. ©
* Noctua antennz like briftles in both fexes.
SPECIFIG CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Firft Wings pale reddifh colour, with a broad triangular brown
fpake in the middle.
Second Wings palifh, with dark waves ;
margin of both Wings indented,
Phalzna Meticulofa.
_Phalena Meticulofa :
Linn, Syft. Nat. 2. 845. 132.—Fn. Sv. 1164.
alis deflexis, erofo dentatis, pallidis, anticis
bafi incarnata, triangule fufco, Fab. Sy/,
Ent. 608. 78.
Phalana feticornis fpirilinguis, alis deflexis margine erofis cinereo
fufcis, fuperioribus triangulo marginali fuf-
cefcente, incarnatum includente, ° thorace
gibbo. Geof. Inf. 2. 151. 84,
Merian. Europ. tab. 24.
Albin Inf. tab. 13.
Reef. Inf. 4. tab. 9.
Degeer Inf. 1. tab. 5. fig. 14.
Goed, Inf. 1. tab. 56.
N The
84 PL A Teer ex Xxx,
The Phalzna Meticulofa certainly exceeds many other Infe@s of
the fame tribe for elegance and fimplicity; the variety of teints fo
delicately, indeed almoft infenfibly foftened into one another, and
neatnefs of the waves and lines interfperfed over the whole, amply
compenfate for the defe€tion of more gaudy colours. In the cater-
pillar ftate it is fcarcely lefs deferving attention’; the yellow fpecks
on a beautiful, yet lucid green, have a very pleafing effet. ‘The
web it fpins round its pupa is of a fine white colour, and filky tex.
ture ; the pupa within of a blackifh chocolate colour.
This fpecies is fometimes met with in plenty, though lefs fo in
fome feafons than in others ; and not unfrequently is more abundant
when the feafon appears moft unfavourable. It feeds on nettles
chiefly, but we have found it on feveral other plants; and once on
a young oak, in Kent; the leaves of which we fed it on fome time,
In the caterpillar ftate it is found in April, changes to the pupa ftate
in May, the Moth appears in June.
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YELLOW BEETLE. ;
CoLEOPTERA.
Wings two, covered by two fhells, divided by a longitudinal
future.
GENERIC GHAR ACTER.
Antennz clavated, their extremities fiffile. Five joints in each
foot.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Head, Body, Thorax, black : covered with long, yellowifh hairs.
Shells pale yellow, with three tranfverfe black ftripes on each. Ab-
domen longer than the Shells.
SCARABZUS FASCIATUS f{cutellatus muticus niger tomentofo flavus,
elytris fafciis duabus luteis coadunatis.
Linn. Syft. Nat. 2.556.70. En. Sv. 395,
Tricuius fafciatus: niger tomentofo flavus, elytris fafciis tribus
nigris abbreviatis. Fab. Sy/ft. Ent. 40. 16
—Spec. Inf. 1. 48. N°T.
Scarabaus niger hirfuto flavus, elytris luteis, fafciis tribus nigris in-
terruptis. Geoff. Inf. 1. 80. 16.
N 2 Drury
86 PLA T ESGx..
Drury Inf. i. tab. 36. fig. 2.
Degeer. Inf. 4. tab. 10. fig. 19.
Voet. Scar. tab. 5. fig. 43.
=
In Germany this Infect is not uncommon: we believe it is very
gare in this country. Found generally on umbelliferous plants.
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PHALHNA DOMINULA.
SCARLET TicGER Motu.
LEPIDOPTERA. :
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antenne taper from the bafe. Wings, in general contracted
when at reft. Fly by night.
Bombyx antenne of Male feathered, Female fetaceous.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Firft Wings black gloffy green, with orange and white fpots.
Second Wings and Abdomen fcarlet, with black fpots.
Phalena Dominula: alis incumbentibus atris, maculis albo flavef-
centibus, pofticis rubris nigro maculatis.
Fab. Syft. Ent. 583. 93.—Spec. Inf. 2. 200.
, 130.
Phalzna Dominula. Noétua fpirilinguis levis, alis depreffis nigris :
fuperioribus czruleo flavo alboque, inferioribus
rubro maculatis. Linn. Sy/?. Nat. 2. 509. 68
edit. 10.
cr 7
Psormerly this beautiful Moth was found in great abundance at
Charlton in Kent, but within the laft two or three years moft of the
broods
8$ P L.A Tae ex.
broods have been wantonly deftroyed, and they are now feldom met
with. In the caterpillar ftate they feed on nettles and hound’s-
tongue *, changes to the pupa {tate about the middle of May, and in
June the Moth comes forth.
© Cynoglhffum officinales
PLATE
MCZ LIBRARY
HARY 95° UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA
— nn os “a i ese
PAA Ten Oe
EP EGa et
MUSCA AURATA.
DIPTERA.
Wings two.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
A foft flexible trunk, with lateral lips at the end, no Palpi.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Head brown. Thorax polifhed, greenifh, or braffy. Abdomen
flat, obtufe, brownifh gold-colour. Legs yellowifh ; Feet brown.
Mufca aurata: antennis fetariis nitida thorace eneo, abdomine obtufo
aureo. Fabricius. nt. Syft. Vol. VI. 335.
a7 Mantiffa. Vol, IT. p. 347. No. 63.
This Infe& has been only noticed in the latter writings of Fabri-
cius. We have not found it uncommon in the fummer upon the
leaves of Fruit trees ; and particularly on fuch as grow againt{t a fouth
wall: they fly brifkly about noon, when the fun fhines.
O F 1G.
92 PLATTE XUL
F.1-G. “Tea.
Musca SEMI-ARGENTATA.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Eyes brown. ‘Thorax green; changeable to filver. Abdomen
- filvery, with fhades of bright yellow, and grey, and fome tranfverfe
freaks of black, very changeable.
Mufca femi-argentata. Marfham’s MSS.
We do not find that this rare and beautiful Infe& has been de-
fcribed either by Zinneus or Fabricius. It was taken a few years
fince in Epping Foreft by Mr. Bentley, an eminent Collector of
Englifh Infeéts, and noticed by Thomas Martham, Efq. Sec. L.S.
in his Manufcript Notes, under the fpecific name Semi-argentata.
Several {pecimens of it were taken laft June in Epping Foreft ; ex-
cept them, we have not heard of any being met with for fome time.
Fig. 2. natural fize. Fig. 3. magnified.
PLACES
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Ep A TB. CXEME
PAP LLEIG. ARGUS.
Common Brive BurrerFty.
LEPIDOPTERA,
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennz knobbed at the end. Wings, when at reft, ere&t. Fly
by day. ‘ |
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Male upper fide fine blue with white margins. Female dark
brown, with a patch of blue on the middle of each wing. Underfide
of both fexes lightifh brown, with black and red fpots.
Papilio Argus : alis ecaudatis, pofticis fubtus limbo ferrugineo ocellis
coeruleo argenteis. Fab. Sy. Ent. 525. 346.—
Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 789+ 232.
Fn. Su. 1074.
Rae. Inf. 3. tab. 37. fig. 3—5-
De Geer Inf. aif Ta 1S.
Wilk. Pap. 63. t. 1. a 1.
Merian. Europ. tab. 153.
Schaff. Icon. tab. 29. figs 3. 4-
rrr
Though this beautiful Infe@ is very common in fome places in
the Butterfly ftate, we,have never met with it’s larva, nor with any
account of it that appeared fatisfatory. In that ftate it feems fcarcely
known. It is faid, by fome Colleétors, to be a plain green Cater-
pillar, with very few hairs, bulky, and broadeft acrofs the middle.
It certainly feeds very low among the thickeft grafs, or perhaps like
QO 4 forme
94 PLAT Es GXL.
fome larve of Moths, never comes above the furface of the ground, and
lives on the roots of grafs.
~ ‘The Male is of a fine blue colour on the upper fide, and elegantly
marked on the under fide with white circles, having a black fpot in
the center of each: the wings are alfo bordered with fimilar fpots,
marked with a vermillion colour. ‘The Female has very little ap-
pearance of the fine blue of the Male: the upper wings are of a dull
brownifh black, with a bluifh colour on parts, and marked with a few
red and black fpots: the underfide as in the Male.
They feem to delight in Meadows, and, like all other Butterflies,
are on the wing only in the day time. The firft brood appears in the
Fly ftate in June.
PLATE
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RIVERSITY
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PHALANA VIRIDANA.
SMALL GREEN Oak Morn.
LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER,
Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings, in general deflexed when
at reft. Fly by night.
** Tortrix. Linn.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Firft Wings pea green. Second Wings dufky.
Phalzna viridana. Pyralis. Alis rhombeis, anticis viridibus imma-
culatis. — Fabricius. Syft. Ent. 656. 4.—Linn.
Syft. Nat. 2. 875. 266.
Phalena feticornis fpirilinguis, humeris latis, antennis flavefcentibus,
. alis dilute fufcis—Geof. Inf. 2. 171. 123.
Reaum. Inf. 2. tab. 18. fig. 6. 7.
Roef, Inf. 1. phal. 4. tab. 1.
Frifch. Inf. 3. tab. 8.
' Early in July we find this fpecies flying about the narrow paths
and lanes in woods where Oaks are plenty. It is obferved to fhelter
itfelf in the day time, generally among fuch trees as have the foliage
thick
96 PL A. TWP eXLiv.
thick and the bark covered with mofs, &c. and very feldom among
young trees. In the Caterpillar ftate it lives concealed “in a
fine filky web, fpun up on the leaves. When it is difturbed it drops
by a fingle thread from one branch to another, the glutinous fubftance
of the thread adhering wherever it touches, fo that if it is damaged
in any part the Infect is in no danger of falling, unlefs the laft faft-
ening breaks off. The Caterpillar changes to the pupa ftate early in
June: the firft appearance of the Moth is commonly about the end
of the fame month.
In England we have another {mall Moth (Phalena Chlorana)
which at firft fight may be miftaken for Phalena Viridana. It differs
from this Infeét in feveral refpects ; the under Wings are whiter, and
the ftripe along the anterior margin of the upper Wings incline more
to a cream colour than in our prefent fpecies ; the Caterpillar alfo is
very different and feeds on the Willow.
LINNEEAN*
mt NaN EE AGN! iN eT X
TO
V OLE ly,
COLEOPTERA.
Plate Fig.
Scarabzeus Fullo - - = 112
— fafciatus, Yellow Beetle : 140
Caffida nobilis - - tf 138 nreezy
Chryfomela Bankii - ~ =: ib. 4.
4 punctata - = = IIL I. 2.
fanguinolenta - - ib. aa
coccinea one - ib. 5.0,
cerealis ~ - = IIs
Curculio aequatus - - - 121 Lec2:
pyri = - - ib. 3.4.
— caprez - - - ib. ie Or ye
Buprettis falicis - - - 127
He Vi PE RA:
Gryllus viridiffimus - - 130
Cicada dilatata = = = 138 5. Os
Cimex acuminatus - - 118 2.
prafinus - ~ “ 123
fpicicornis - - 135
lacuftris - - = 118 te
LEPIDOP.-.
LN) Bee xX.
LEP LD. O-P Tae Rea.
" Plate Fig.
Papilio podalirius, Scarce Swallow-tail Butterfly 109
Papilio argus, Common Blue Butterfly - 143
Sphinx chryforrhoea, Golden-tail Sphinx * 110,
———— elpenor, Elephant Hawk Moth - 122,
Phalzna ziczac, Pebble Prominent Moth = 119
crategi, Oak Egger Moth - riz
meticulofa, Angle Shades Moth - 139
——— dominula, Scarlet Tiger Moth - 141
coflus, Goat Moth - - 114
plantaginis, Small Scarlet Tiger Moth 134
r
——— anaftomofis, Scarce Chocolate-tip Moth ie
—— rumicis, Bramble Moth = 126
——— pifi, Grey Dagger Moth 2 133
chryfitis, Burnifhed Brafs Moth - 137
haftata, Argent and Sable Moth - 129 Te 2. B
lunaria, Beautiful Thorn Moth - 132
——— pentadaétyla, White Plume Moth -. A736 :
hexadactyla, Many-feathered Moth - 136
————= viridana, Small Green Oak Moth’ - 144.
NE UROP TERA.
i’ phemera vulgata, Common Ephemera, or May Fly 128
Hemerobius hirtus - - 113
* Not defcribed before.
HY MEMOP-
HYMEMOPTERA.
Apis centuncularis, Carpenter Bee
re
Mutfca aurata
Mufca femi-argentella
‘Tabanus czxcutiens
PON “Die xe
Dui PRA.
=
Plate
I20
142
142
131
Figi
ALPHA-
Fis (rae al SAT, me ae J Joa arn ee Pen a
= ge BAB ATF 9 E
%
ME PEABE TECGAL ENDEX
TO
VOX;
IV:
acuminatus, Cimex
aequatus, Curculio
anaftomofis, Phalzna,
Moth
Scarce Chocolate-ti
Argus, Papilio, Common blue Butterfly
Aurata, Mufca
Bankii, Chryfomela
cecutiens, Tabanus
caprez, Curculio
centuncularis, Apis, Carpenter Bee
cerealis, *Chryfomela
chryfitis, Phalena, Burnifhed Brafs Moth
chryforhza, Sphinx, Golden-tail Hawk Moth
coccinea, Chryfomela
coffus, Phalana, Goat Moth
crategi, Phalana, Oak Egger Moth
dilatata, Cicada
dominula, Phalena, Scarlet Tiger Moth
elpenor, Sphinx,’ Elephant Sphinx
faciatus, Scarabeus, Yellow Beetle
Fullo, Scarabzus
haftata, Phalena. Argent and Sable Moth
hexadactyla, Phalana, Many-feathered Moth
hirtus, Hemerobuis
lacuftris, Cimex
Plate
118
121
124
129
143
142
138
131
121
120
II5
137
116
ey
114
117
138
141
122
140
112
129
136
113
118
Fig.
2»
I. 2.
5017.
T No Dig,
Plate Fig.
_ Junaria, Phalzna, Beautiful Thorn Moth E 613¢
meticulofa, Phalana, Angle fhade Moth = 139
nobilis, Caffida - - ~ 138 ay ae
pentadactyla, Phaleana, White Plume Moth 110
pifi, Phalena, Grey Dagger Moth - 133
plantaginis, Phalena, Small Scarlet Tiger Moth 134
podolirius, Papilio, Scarce Swallow-tail Butterfly 109 _ '
ptafinus, Cimex - - - 123
pyri, Curculio = = - 121 1.4,
4. punétata, Chryfomela = - IIt aay
rumicis, Phalana, Bramble Moth - 126
falicis, Bupreftis - wi _ 127
fanguinolenta, Chryfomela - = III 3. 4.
femi-argentata = - pe 142 Qe Zs
fpicicornis, Cimex - - 135
viridana, Phalzena, Small Green Oak Moth 144
viridiffimus, Gryllus oe é 130
vulgata, Ephemera, Common Ephemera, or t pa
May Fly - -
ziczac, Phalazna, Pebble Prominent Moth 11g
ERRATUM to: Vor: IV.
Prare CXXIV. for Phalwna Anoftomofis, read Phalena Anaftomofis,
:
tbe
is Sane Ri
q Neat
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