THE
NAUTILUS
A MONTHLY JOURNAL
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF
CONCHOLOGISTS
VOL. XXI.
MAY, 1007, to APRIL, 1OO8.
EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS :
H. A. PII.SBRY, Curator of the Department of Mollusca, Academy of Natural Sciences,
PHILADELPHIA.
C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Boston Society of Natural History,
BOSTON.
INDEX
TO
THE NAUTILUS, VOL. XXI.
INDEX TO SUBJECTS, GENERA AND SPECIES.
Acmsea alveus Conrad .....
Acmaea testudinalis Mull. ...... 1
Acmsea, New England species of, (PI. II) . . 1, 24
Acuminia Dall, n. subgen. of Terebra . . . 124, 125
Aclelopoma stolli Martens . . . . . . .78
Alabama, Eocene fossils from ...... 8
Alaska, U. S. Coast Survey Expedition in the year 1867 . 29
Ampullaria, the origin of the lung . . . . .11
Ancey collection of shells . . . 59
Anculosse, On certain immature . . . . . .110
Anculosa praerosa Say (PI. X, figs. 1-6) . . . .111
Anculosa subglobosa Say (PI. X, figs. 9-11) . . .114
Anculosa tintinnabulum Lea. (PI. X, figs. 7-8) . . . 115
Ancylidae, New species of (PL IX) .... 126,136
Ancylus hemisphsericus Walker, n. sp. (PL IX, figs. 14-16). 140
Ancylus hendersoni Walker, n. sp. (PI. IX, figs. 8-10) . 138
Ancylus hinkleyi Walker, n. sp. (PI. IX, figs. 11-13) . . 139
Ancylus novanglise Walker, n. sp. (PL IX, figs. 5-7) . . 138
Anodon moretonianus Sowb. ...... 50
Ashmunella rhyssa hyporhyssa Ckll. . . . . .11
Australian Unionidae, Notes on . . . . . .118
(iii)
IV THE NAUTILUS.
Bela grippi Dall, n. sp. . . . . . . . 137
California, Molluscan fauna of Monterey Bay . 17,34,39,51
Mollnscan faunaof the San Bernardino Mountains 121
Mollusca found in the vicinity of La Jolla
(PI. VII) . . . .55, 65, 92,106
Cancellaria obtusa Desh. . . . . . . .105
Cape Cod notes ......... 74
Cecilioides jod Pils., n. sp. . . . . . . .28
Cephalopods, Among the ....... 23
Cerithiopsis regularoides Aldrich, n. sp. (PI. I, fig. 7) . 9
Cerithium stantoni Dall n. sp. . 22
Cochliopa riograndensis Pils. & Ferriss . . . .79
Coelostele in Mexico , . . . . . . .77
Colorado, A new zonitoid shell from the Miocene, Florissant 89
Conchological Society, Proposals for . . . . .94
Cyclas similis Say ........ 33
Cymatium corrugatum var. tremperi Dall, n. var. . . 85
Cyprsea coxeni Cox, Note on . . . . .36
Cytherea petechialis of Carpenter's Mazatlan Catalogue . 29
Davis, Charles Abbott (obituary) . . . . .131
Dayton, Charles Austin (obituary) . . . . .93
Diplodon angasii Lea. . . . . . . .118
Diplodon bednalli Tate 118
Drymaeus multilineatus Say ...... 72
Duplicaria Dall, n. gen. ...... 124, 125
Euglandina texasiana Pfr. ....... 77
Euglandina truncata Gmel. ...... 7
Eocene fossils from Alabama ...... 8
Fissurella unilineata Aldrich, n. sp. (PI. I, fig. 10) . .11
Florida, A list of the land shells of Lee County . . .99
Florida Keys, A new Cerithium from the . . . .22
Fluminicola minutissima Pils., n. sp. (PI. IX, fig. 4) . 76, 133
Gundlachia stimpsoniana Smith (PI. IV) ... 14, 15
Hastula 124
Heilprin, Angelo (obituary) ...... 60
Helicodiscus lineatus, Eyes of . . . . .73
Helix hortensis 6,91,130
Holospira hinkleyi Pils., n. sp. (PI. Ill, fig. 34) . . .27
Hygromia hispida in Maine ...... 109
THE HAUTILUS. V
Ilyanassa obsoleta iu San Francisco Bay . . . .91
Lampsilis fimbriata Frierson, n. sp. . . . . . 86
Littorina nebulosa Lam. var. columellaris Orb. . . .71
Lymnaea jacksonensis Baker, n. sp. . . . . 52
Lymneea pseudopinguis Baker, n. sp. . . . . .54
Maine, Shells of the Lake region of . . . . 106
Mollusks of North Haven ..... 142
Pulmonates of the Manticus Is. . . . .5
Marginella apiciua Menke, Sinistral . . . . .91
Mathilda elongatoides Aldrich, n. sp. (PI. I, fig. 6) .10
Mathilda leona Aldrich, n. sp. (PL I, figs. 4, 5) . . .10
Mathilda singularis Aldrich, n. sp. (PI. I, fig. 11) . .10
Matinicus Islands, Maine pulmonates of the ... 5
Mexican shells, Description of New . . . 25, 36, 38, 86
Mexico, Shell-collecting in Northeastern . . . 68, 76
Micrarionta desertorum Pils. and Ferr., n. sp. (PI. IX, figs.
6-10 134
Milax gagates in Colorado ....... 131
Murex carpenter! var. alba Berry, n. var. . . . .105
Neoplanorbis carinatus Walker, n. sp. (PI. IX, figs 17, 18) . 127
Neoplanorbis smithii Walker, n. sp. (PL IX, figs. 1,2) . 126
Neoplanorbis tantillus Pils. . . . . . 126, 129
Neoplanorbis umbilicatus Walker, n. sp. (PL IX, figs. 3, 4). 126
New York, A collecting trip at Northport . . . .98
North Carolina, A new Polygyra from . . . .13
Oysters are wild animals ....... 47
Pachycheilus vallesensis Hinkley, n. sp. (PL V, figs. 1-10) . 25
Paludestrina tampicoensis Pilsbry & Hinkley n. sp. (PL
Y, fig. 13) 39
Paphia staminea Conr. . . . . . . .141
Pelseneer's treatise on Mollusca ...... 80
Pennsylvania, Notes on the conchology of Pocono Manor ' 67
Perirhoe Dall, nov. section of Terebra . . . 124, 125
Planorbis magnificus Pils. ....... 90
Planorbis multivolvis Case (PL YIII) 62
Polygyra aulacomphala Pils. & Hinkley n. sp. (PL Y,
fig. 12) . . 38
Polygyra hopetouensis Shuttlw. ...... 7
Polygyra martensiana Pils. n. sp. (PL XI, figs. 1-3) . 26, 133
VI THE NAUTILUS.
Polygyra multilineata chadwicki Ferriss, n. var. . . 37
Polygyra polita Pilsbry & Hinkley n. sp. (PI. V, tig. 11) . 38
Polygyra soelneri Henderson, n. sp. (PI. Ill, tigs. 1,2) ' 13
Pomatiopsis robusta Walker, n. sp. . . . . 97
Publications received . . . .23, 36, 48, 72, 119, 132
Pyrgulopsis wabashensis Hinkley n. sp. . . . .117
Rissoa grippiana Dall, n. sp. . . . . . 136
Rhode Island, Additions to the shell-bearing mollusca . 47
Rous, Sloman (obituary) ...... 72, 84
Say's early writings and species, A few notes on 31
Scala dolosa Aldrich, n. sp. (PI. I, tig. 13) . . . .11
Scala vetusta Aldrich, n. sp. (PL I, tig. 9) . . . .10
Spineoterebra Sacco . . . . . . .125
Spiraxis tarnpicoensis Pils. (PL III, fig. 5) . . . 28, 77
Stearns, Frederick (obituary) ...... 83
Succinea ovalis Say ........ 32
Terebratulina brundidgensis Aldrich, n. sp.(Pl. I, figs. 1,2,3) 8
Terebridae, Subdivisions of the ...... 124
Tresus nuttalli Conr. . . . . . . . .141
Triplostephanus Dall, nov. section of Terebra . . 124, 125
Triton gibbosus Brod. in California ..... 106
Tritogonia tuberculata with ova 48
Trivia pilula Kiener, Note on . . . . .59
Turbonilla anita Aldrich, n. sp. (PL I, fig. 2) . .9
Turbonilla castanea Dall & Bartsch, preocc.=T. castanella
Dall, n. n., 131
Turbonilla harrisi Aldrich, n. sp. (PL I, fig. 8) . . . 9
Unio angasii Lea . . . . . . . .118
Unio bednalli Tate . . . . . . . .118
Unio crassus Say ........ 32
Unio gigas (Swains.) Sby. (U. cumiugii Lea.) . . .49
Unio ochraceus ......... 33
Unio plicatus Say ........ 33
Unio plicatulus Lea. ........ 50
Unio popei Lea. . . . . . . . . .79
Unios, The gravid periods of . . . . .87
Unionidae, Notes on Australian . . . . . .118
Unionidse, Notes on exotic (PL VI) . . . . .49
Vendryes, Henry (obituary) ...... 107
THE NAUTILUS. Vll
Vertigo occidentalis Sterki, n. sp. (PL XI, fig. 5) . 90, 133
Vitrea alliaria ......... 131
Vitrea cellaria in Colorado 131
Vitrea cellaria var. margaritacea Schmidt . . . .131
Vitrea dalliana Simpson (figured) . . . . .129
Vitrea fagalis Cockerell, n. sp. (miocene) . . . .89
Vitrea lewisiana Clapp, n. sp. (figured) . . . .129
Vitrea lucida in Colorado . . . . . . .131
Yemassee, South Carolina, Land and fresh-water shells of . 7
Zonitoides elegantula Pfr. . . . . . . .77
Zonitoides pentagyra Pils., n. sp. (PI. Ill, figs. 6-8) . . 28
INDEX TO AUTHORS.
Aldrich, T. H. 8
Baily, Jr., Joshua L. 67,92
Baker, Frank Collins 52
Berry, S. S. . . 17, 34, 39, 51, 105, 121
Brooks, W. K 11
Button, Fred L 36, 59
Carpenter, H. T 47
Clapp, Geo. H 91, 129
Cockerell, T. D. A 89, 106, 131
Conner, Charles H. ... . .87
Dall, W. H 22,85,90,91,107.124,131,136
Ferriss, Jas. H. . 37, 134
Frierson, L. S 49, 86, 118
Gratacap, L. P. .... . .84
Henderson, John B 7, 13, 107
Hinkley, Anson A. 25, 38, 68, 76, 117
Jackson, Jr., Henry .... 1, 24, 142
Johnson, C. W 106, 119, 120, 130
Lermond, N. W. . .... .106
Morse, Edward S. . .73
Norton, Arthur H. ..... 5
Pilsbry, Henry A. . 26, 38, 75, 132, 133, 134
Rous, Sloman . 105
Smith, Maxwell 55, 65, 106
Stearns, R. E. C 23, 29, 141
Sterki, V. . . 31, 48, 80, 90
Yanatta, E. G -99
Walker, Bryant . . 14, 61, 97, 110, 126, 138
Weeks, Jr., Wm. H . .98
Wheat, Silas C -93
Winkley, Henry W. . .74
( viii )
THE NAUTILUS.
Voi,. XXI. MAY, 1907. No. 1.
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO NEW ENGLAND SPECIES OF
ACMAEA.
BY HENRY JACKSON, JR.
During the summer of 1906, at North Haven, Penobscot Bay,
Maine, I collected about fifteen specimens of Acmaea testudinalis
(Miiller) and thirty Acmaea alveus (Conrad), alveus being by far the
more common. I put A. alveus here as a species rather than a var-
iety of A. testudinalis, in accordance with one of the latest lists of
New England mollusks which gives Conrad's species alveus specific
rank. From this material I procured the radulas with the intention
of studying the differences between the species testudinalis and alveus,
The shell in testudinalis is a roundish and as a rule regular shell,
there not being so much variation in form as in alveus. The shell
of alveus is a narrower, laterally more compressed shell than that of
testudinalis, and is found on eel grass, wharf piles and occasionally
on rocks, but at North Haven it is most commonly found on eel grass
which grows in great profusion, much to the disadvantage of boats
and boatmen, all along the muddy shores. A. testudinalis is com-
monly found on flat stones between tide marks. The coloring of tes-
tudinalis, as far as observed at North Haven, has much less variation
than that of the form alveus, which runs from nearly white to dark,
blackish-brown, with many intermediate shades. This narrow, com-
pressed form of alveus, it would seem, might have been caused by
its being on eel grass which has narrow leaves and might cause a
shell to be narrow by the lack of space to grow on. But Mr. Blaney
has found alveus at Iron Bound Island, Frenchman's Bay, Maine,
THE NAUTILUS.
on the under side of stones on a coarse, pebbly beach, and here it
still retained its characteristic, long, narrow form. See Proceedings
of Boston Society of National History, Vol. 32, No. 2, Nov., 1904.
All the illustrations here are of the same magnification. In the
fifteen specimens of Acmaea testudinalis collected and studied the
radulas were all the same with no observed variation, see PI. II,
Fig. 1. All had two central (C C), two lateral (L L), and two
outermost teeth (U U), while among the thirty A. alveus were several
abnormal radulas, in all of which abnormal cases there were three
teeth in the center, PI. II, Fig. 4, instead of two, PI. II, Fig. 2,
which is the normal number for alveus. The additional or third
tooth (A), see PI. II, Fig. 4, is on the left side and is a narrower
tooth than the other two (C C). These abnormal radulas came
from three very different individuals : one from a large, blackish,
distorted shell, an adult, and one from a small, regular, white
specimen of the nepionic age, and so on, all being different. There
are several differences between the radulas of testudinalis and of
alveus, and these differences were constant throughout the speci-
mens examined.
FIG. 5.
Fio. 6.
Fig. 5 (in text). Acmaea testudinalis (Miill). Normal adult rad-
ula. Developing teeth of the posterior portion of the same radula as
Fig. 1. Lettering the same.
Fig. 6 (in text). Portion of anterior part of radula of Acmaea te»-
tudinalis, showing small bases (B), proximal portion of cusp (P C),
THE NAUTILUS. O
where the rest has been broken off, and plates (P) on lingual mem-
brane (L M). U, outermost; L, lateral; C, central teeth. R,
turned over part of plate. B, base.
There is a distinct dip in the proximal portion of the cusp of testu-
dinalis in the laterals : this does not appear in alveus. In testudinalis
the bases project from the proximal portion of the cusp at an obtuse
angle, while in alveus the proximal portion of the cusp is the same
size as the adjoining portion of the base. In testudinalis, PI. II,
Fig. 1, the apex of the cusp is just inside of the letter (L), from
here it slopes down to the base ; while in PI. II, Fig. 2, alveus, the
apex of the cusp runs the whole length of the foremost line border-
ing the shaded portion. In testudinalis the lateral teeth form a
letter v, while in alveus they form an inverted v, thus A. In alveus
the laterals are less underneath the centrals than in testudinalis.
The teeth of testudinalis are sharply rounded at the apex of the cusp,
while those of alveus are nearly square, PI. II, Fig. 2, and the
younger, undeveloped teeth of the radula of an adult shell of alveus
are perhaps the squarest of all, PI. II, Fig. 4. This figure is of the
developing teeth of the posterior portion of the same radula as PL II,
Fig. 2. That is that portion hidden within the throat which will
later come forward to take the place of worn-out teeth. I thought
of the various causes of these differences, but it could not be in-
dividual variation, because the differences were constant throughout
the forty-five specimens examined. It could not be because the
teeth were worn square, as the squarest of them in alveus are in the
early, developing part of the radula and before they had been used
at all, see PI. II, Fig. 3. There were five less important differences
between the radulas of testudinalis and of alveus, these are : First the
outermost tooth (U) is, in alveus, larger in proportion to the lateral
tooth (L) than the outermost tooth of testudinalis is to its lateral
tooth (L). In both species this little outside tooth (U) is nearly at
right angles to the next tooth and the cusp of U faces in center of
the lingual membrane (L), also it is very close to it, and at first
glance appears to be the same tooth, only being a cusp of the larger
denticle, but when viewed in a sideways, sectional view it is seen to
be distinct. In the species testudinalis the tooth (U) cannot take
much part in cutting food as it so much underlies the larger tooth (L),
but in alveus, where it is more outstretched, it may do a good deal
of work. Secondly, in A. testudinalis the cusps and bases alternate
4 THE NAUTILUS.
large and small, see PI. II, Fig. 1, that is, the base of the centrals
(C C) being large and the cusps small ; whereas in the laterals (L L)
the bases are very small and the cusps large. The teeth in both
species are set on separate plates, two on each plate. These plates
are arranged in two rows, one down each side of the lingual mem-
brane. The divisions between these separate plates are not distinct
in the developing portion of the radula, but the plates seem to
wrinkle with age, and in the center of the radula an elongated oval
space is seen between the two. The first two or three rows of teeth
in A. testudinalis are slightly blunter than those behind, but by no
means so blunt as in A. alveus. What I mean by first teeth are those
teeth in the anterior portion of the radula, these teeth are replaced by
new ones which come forward from the developing portion.
Fig. 6, drawn by the author, showing plates and proximal portion
of cusps in A. testudinalis where the rest is broken of.
Again the cusps of the teeth of testudinalis are very much more
slanting backward or posteriorly than those of alveus^ especially the
laterals (L L). Lastly, the cusps of testudinalis are minutely granu-
lated, while those of alveus are indistinctly striated. This was seen
in some cusps broken off their bases, placed on a separate slide and
viewed with a one-sixth inch objective.
In summing this matter up, one might say without much doubt
that these two shells were distinct species. Also one may say that
both radulas are exceedingly strange. They have no central tooth
speaking strictly, as, with the exception of the abnormal radula of
A. alveuS) all radulas had an even number of teeth. Their deep
chestnut color is another curious feature. Also they are very hard
radulas to draw as they are raised more than most teeth and the
angles and focuses are hard to get.
My thanks are due to Mr. R. T. Jackson, of Cambridge, and to
Mr. J. A. Cushman, of the Boston Society of Natural History, for
drawings of the radula.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE AND FIGURES.
Fig. 1. Acmaea testudinalis (Mull). Normal adult radula. L,
lateral; C, central; U, outermost teeth. The cusps are shaded.
Fig. 2. Acmaea alveus (Conrad). Normal radula. Lettering the
•same as before. The outermost teeth (U) are so close to the laterals
(1) that in this view they seem to be joined.
THE NAUTILUS. 0
Fig. 3. Acmaea alveus (Conrad). Normal radula. Developing
teeth of the posterior portion of the same radula as Fig. 2. These
teeth have little or no coloring. Lettering the same.
Fig. 4. Acmaea alveus (Conrad). Abnormal radula. L, lateral ;
C, central ; U, outermost ; A, additional teeth.
PULMONATE8 OF THE MATINICU8 ISLANDS, MAINE.
ARTHUR H. NORTON.
The Matinicus Islands form a group of off-shore islands outside of
Penobscot Bay. They constitute the most isolated land mass of any
size in the state, their nearest point of approach to the mainland
being thirteen nautical miles. In the group there are eight islands,
seven dry and numerous half-tide and sunken ledges. The total
acreage I have roughly estimated at about fifteen hundred acres.
Matinicus is the largest of the group, containing about eight hun-
dred acres. It is quite well wooded and diversified in topographical
features. Exploration of this island would doubtless increase the
following list materially.
Seal Island lies six miles east of Matinicus harbor, and Matinicus
Rock five miles south of the harbor, both forming isolated points of
great exposure and long separation.
Several plants are found in abundance on these two points which
are nowhere else abundant on this coast west of Petit-Menan point.
Both are destitute of trees. As would be expected from their long
isolation and great exposure, they are completely " rock bound," in
fact, enormous ledges, with their valleys and seams filled with soil,
which is partly coarse gravel, deeply overlaid with decayed vegeta-
tion, and everywhere strewn with fragments of rock, rent by frost
and the action of time, or hurled by the fury of unusually severe
storms.
The southwestern exposures of both are bluffs dropping immediately
into water of considerable depth. At the rock, the history of which
has been made known through the medium of the light-house estab-
lishment, the surges generated by gales from the southeast not in-
frequently break over the island notwithstanding the fact that it is
about fifty feet above mean high-water mark.
b THE NAUTILUS.
The character of the soil, and the copious moisture from dews and
fogs are conducive to very rank growth of several species of maritime
plants, affording suitable conditions for the mollusca enumerated.
During my visits to the islands, shell collecting has been entirely
secondary. Yet the isolation of the islands lends so much interest
to the collection that the following records do not seem entirely
superfluous, especially as a thorough investigation is not practicable
at present :
Helix hortensis Miiller. In June, 1896, I found this species in
great abundance on Seal Island. They inhabit the rank vegetation
toward the western end. The yellow, unbanded phase predominated,
only three or four banded ones being found. Some young speci-
mens having but two and a half whorls were also found on the occa-
sion of this visit. I have not found it on any other island of the
group. It was recorded by Mr. C. W. Johnson from Seal Island in
THE NAUTILUS for November, 1906, page 77.
Vallonia costata Miill. Rather abundant on Seal Island in 1896
among rank herbage and driftwood.
Pupilla muscorum Linn. Four specimens were found with the
last-named species. They are but 3 millimeters long, half a milli-
meter shorter than specimens taken on the adjacent mainland. One
is a rich brownish, the others opaque white, all edentulous.
Cochlicopa lubrica Miill. One specimen was found under a log,
stranded high on Matinicus Rock, August, 1905.
Vitrina limpida Gould. Found rather plentiful among stranded
chips and rank vegetation on Matinicus Rock, July, 1903.
Zonitoides arborea Say. Matinicus Rock. Three specimens
under logs, stranded high above normal tide mark, August, 1905.
Agriolimax agrestis Linn. Several specimens were found under
logs and stones or hidden by rank vegetation on Matinicus Rock,
August, 1905.
Pyramidula alternata Say. A single dead and broken shell was
found at the northern part of Matinicus Island, August, 1905.
Pyramidula striatella Anth. Common with the other small species
on Seal Island, June, 1896.
Succinea obliqua totteniana Lea. One found on Matinicus Rock,
July, 1903.
Succinea avara Say. Two obtained at Seal Island, June, 1896,
and one very small one at Matinicus Rock, July, 1903.
THE NAUTILUS. /
A LIST OF LAND AND FRESH- WATER SHELLS OF YEMASSEE, SOUTH
CAROLINA.
BY JOHN B. HENDERSON.
In the early part of March last I spent a week upon a plantation
near Yemassee, Beaufort Co., South Carolina, the greater part of my
time being spent in snail hunting. Beaufort is a low-lying county
within the Atlantic coastal plain. Its features are of three distinct
sorts : a sandy, dry-pine area, the " knolls " of live oak with rather
dense deciduous vegetation, and the swamp lands. The swamps are
extensive, often containing forests of cypress and rank growths of
aquatic vegetation. In places these swamps are drained and con-
verted into rice fields, the latter furnishing excellent stations for
fresh-water mollusca. The pine lands harbor a scant molluscan
fauna. The great majority of land shells are to be found only in and
about the edges of the deciduous forests. In the depths of the
swamps I found almost nothing, the fresh-water species seeming to
prefer more open and smaller bodies of water — particularly the little
ditches which drain the rice fields.
The prevailing Polygyra is hopetonensis, a typical costal plain
species, as it ranges along the Atlantic border from Norfolk to St.
Augustine. It obviously belongs to the fallax-tridentata series and
I think is a descendant of the former, which, having migrated into the
lowlands of the coast, has been modified by its new environment.
The species has become well enough marked to separate it readily
from the upland fallax. It admits, however, of several local races
which may some day be christened with varietal names. The ex-
treme forms are hopetonensis obsoleta Pils. of Newbern and Wilming-
ton, N. Car., a large form entirely without teeth upon the outer lip,
and a Yemassee race which is very small and with strongly devel-
oped denticles.
I was surprised to find Euglandina truncata an abundant species
so far north. The Yemassee specimens are large, stout fellows of
very brilliant pink, rather darker than typical Florida specimens.
The following is a complete list of my catch, though it cannot be
faunally complete. The entire absence of Amnicolids, Unionidx,
Vwiparid.se, and of Ancylus is rather striking. I owe many thanks
to Dr. Pilsbry for his critical identification of my shells :
Polygyra thyroides Say.
Polygyra hopetonensis Strebel.
THE NAUTILUS.
Polygyra postelliana Bland.
Polygyra pustuloides Bland.
Euglandina truncata Gmel.
Circinaria concava Say.
Gastrodonta cerinoidea Antb.
Zonitoides arborea Say.
Zonitoides minuscula Binn.
Vitrea indentata Say.
Helicodiscus parallelus Say.
Euconulus chersinus Say.
Bifidaria contracta Say.
Bifidaria procera Gld.
Succinea campestris unicolor Tryon.
Succinea aurea Lea.
Planorbis parvus Say.
Planorbis tumidus Pfr.
Physa cubensis Pfr.
Physa heterostropha Say.
Lymnaea columella Say.
Sphaerium partumeium Say.
Pisidium sp.
SOME NEW EOCENE FOSSILS FEOM ALABAMA.
BY T. H. ALDRICH.
The shells described below are all in the cabinet of the writer, and
are believed to be new. They are mostly small species or elie very
rare, and represented by very few or single specimens.
TEREBRATULINA BRDNDIDGENSIS n. sp. PI. I, figs. 1, 2, 3.
Shell medium, narrower than high, radial threads very strong in
the young shell becoming finer in the older, and in the oldest forms
appearing as very fine lines only. A central, raised rib doubled shows
on the ventral valve, replaced with a depression between two ribs on
dorsal valve ; foramen oblong. Longest diameter 14 mm., width
11 mm. Smallest form figured is 9^ mm. and 7 mm.
Locality : Eocene of Brundidge, Ala.
Remarks: This species occurs in a stratum of white limestone
which was exposed in a large well close to the R. R. station. This
well was dug for water for a supply for the engines, but when the
THE NAUTILUS. 9
limestone stratum was dug into it failed as a water tank. Associated
with the species is Terebratula wilmingtonensis L. & S., Ostrea vomer
Morton and several other species which occur in the white limestone
or Jackson horizons. The area surrounding the well is typical Nana-
falia lignitic deposits. So far no other outcrop of this limestone has
been observed in the vicinity, but careful search is yet to be made.
This discovery was called to my attention by Dr. E. A. Smith,
State Geologist of Alabama, who sent me a number of specimens.
We subsequently visited the well together and went over the locality
south of the town, failing to find an outcrop. Dr. Smith thinks his
discovery is an " overlap " of the white limestone or Vicksburg,
somewhat as in certain Georgia localities. All the different forms
of Terebratula wilmingtonensis mentioned and figured by Prof. Dall
in Vol. 3 of Wagner Free Inst. of Science, p. 1537, pi. 58, figures
14-20, are found here.
TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) HARRISI n. Sp. PI. 1, fig. 8.
Shell as figured, small, with approximately parallel sides. Whorls
eight, the two apical ones smooth ; spire obtuse ; whorls longitudin-
ally striated with numerous impressed lines ; base of shell smooth ;
aperture ovate, pillar lip bearing one fold. Length 3 mm.
Locality : Wood's Bluff, Ala.
Remarks : This species is doubtless the same one mentioned by
Prof. G. D. Harris in Bulletins of American Paleontology, No. 11,
p. 96, pi. 12, fig. 10, 1899, as Turbonilla sp.(?), but he evidently had
an immature shell. Named in honor of Prof. Harris.
TURBONILLA (CINGULINA) ANITA n. sp. PI. 1, fig. 12.
Shell medium, spire obtuse, whorls nine, the two apical ones
smooth, balance with about six spiral impressed lines ; lines of growth
very fine and rather close set, aperture ovate. Pillar lip twisted and
slightly prolonged at base. Length 6 mm, breadth of body whorl
2£ mm.
Locality : Wood's Bluff, Ala., and same horizon 6 miles east of
Thomasville, Ala.
CERITHIOPSIS REGULAROIDES n. ep. PI. 1, fig. 7.
Shell small, fragment from which this description is made with
seven whorls ; these have two raised spirals, which form nodules at
the intersection with the longitudinal lines. The spirals are placed
one above and the other below the centre of each whorl ; longitu-
dinals coarse and prominent ; a smooth raised spiral encircles each
10 THE NAUTILUS.
whorl below the suture. The base appears to be smooth, canal
twisted. Length of fragment 7£ mm., breadth of basal whorl 2^ mm-
Locality : Wood's Bluff horizon six miles east of Thomasville, Ala.
Remarks : This species has a general resemblance to Cerithiopsis
ftuviatilis Aid., but differs in the position of the raised spirals.
MATHILDA ELONGATOIDES n. sp. PI. 1, fig. 6.
Shell small, exceedingly narrow and elongated, whorls about four-
teen, wfll rounded, carrying three nearly equidistant strong spirals
on the main part of each whorl and also a slight one just below the
suture. The longitudinals between the spirals are numerous and
close set, and rather fine. Body-whorl at base shows several spirals
in addition to those above mentioned. Aperture nearly circular.
Apical whorls reversed. Length 6 mm., breadth of body-whorl 1 mm.
Locality : Wood's Bluff, Ala.
MATHILDA SINGULARIS n. sp. PI. 1, fig. 11.
Shell small, whorls profusely ornamented ; number of whorls five,
besides the embryonic apex ; apical whorls twisted and pointed hori-
zontally or at right angles to the axis of the shell. The main whorls
are angulated by a very strong peripheral line with a smaller one
above, and from one to two still finer ones between. Body-whorl
shows several (about four) fine spirals below the central one, extreme
base nearly flat. Aperture ovate ; pillar lip reflected, and slightly
prolonged into a canal.
Locality : Wood's Bluff, Ala.
MATHILDA LEONA Aldrich. PI. 1, figs. 4, 5.
This species was described from the Wood's Bluff horizon. The
present specimen is from the Matthew's Landing beds, one mile west
of Oak Hill, Ala. The original description was drawn from a young
shell, and in this example the embryonic whorls are twisted to the
left and the spire projects horizontally. This specimen also shows
a small umbilicus.
SCALA VETUSTA n. Sp. PI. 1, fig. 9.
Shell as figured, number of whorls unknown, but four showing in
type ; they are rapidly expanding and ornamented with about twenty
raised ribs; suture defined with a strong carina which makes a raised
and angulated boundary for the base ; the ribs continue over this
line, and disappear into a deep and wide umbilicus. The spiral
lines do not show upon the base. The figure is natural size.
THE NAUTILUS XXL
PLATE I.
ALDPICH . NEW EOCENE FOSSILS.
THE NAUTILUS XXI.
PLATE II.
tr--
JACKSON : RADUL.E OF ACMAEA.
THE NAUTILUS. 11
Locality : Midway stage on McConnico plantation, Wilcoi Co.,
Alabama.
Remarks : This specimen is quite imperfect, but the species is so
well marked that it deserves a name. It is probably the same form
mentioned by Prof. Harris in Bulletin of Am. Pal., No. 4, p. 232.
SCALA DOLOSA n. Sp. PI. 1, fig. 13.
Shell rather small, cancellated ; whorls eight, the first two smooth,
balance with spiral lines which are coarse near the middle of each
whorl, these lines give each whorl an angulated profile. The spirals
are nodular in part at the intersections with the longitudinals. The
figured specimen shows a varix ; aperture nearly circular, outer lip
expanded and rounded, interior smooth. Umbilicus open, and
carrying a groove. Base of shell carrying numerous spirals, but no
nodes, the lines of growth being very fine. Length 7 mm., breadth
4 mm.
Locality : Near Grave Yard Hill, Wilcox Co., Ala. Midway Stage.
FlSSURELLA UNILINEATUS n. Sp. PI. 1, fig. 10.
Shell small, rather thin, depressed conic, cancellated. The radial
lines are equal and regularly spaced, while the longitudinals are
bowed between the radials, giving to the surface a wavy appearance,
no nodules at the intersections, the lines crossing regularly. Hole
oval, with a complete oval callus inside. Longest diam. 13 mm.,
breadth about 7 mm., height 3 mm.
Locality : Wood's Bluff, Ala.
NOTES.
ASHMUNELLA. On page 134 of the last number, the second line
from bottom should read ASHMUNELLA RHTSSA HYPORHTSSA Ckll.,
in place of " Ashmunella rhyssa (Ckll.)." Owing to my absence in
Florida I had no opportunity to see the proofs of this article.
H. A. P.
THE ORIGIN OF THE LUNG IN AMPULLAEIA.
BY W. K. BROOKS.1
Through the courtesy of Dr. Alfred G. Mayer I was able to visit
and partially explore the Everglades of Florida in March, 1906. As
we pushed our way through the tall reeds and grasses that cover the
1 From the Report of the Department of Marine. Biology, Tortugas, Florida.
Extracted from the Fifth Year-Book of the Carnegie Institution of Washington,
p. 109, 1907,
12 THE NAUTILUS.
shallow water of the Everglades, we found great numbers of small
eggs attached to the stems of the reeds and grasses above the surface
of the water but close to it.
The eggs were arranged in vertical rows, and were enclosed in
calcareous shells, resembling in these respects the eggs of terrestrial
pulmonate gasteropods.
We also found in the water in great abundance the prosobranchiate
gasteropod Ampullaria, and when some of the older eggs were opened
they were found to contain young specimens of this genus.
The Paludinidse, which are closly related to the Ampullaridse, are
aquatic, viviparous, and breathe by gills, and their structure indicates
that they are true prosobranchs, descended from and closely related
to the marine prosobranchs. Ampullaria has gills, is partly aquatic,
and seems to be a true prosobranch, so far as its general structure is
in question, but as it has a lung, and is able to breathe air and live
out of the water, and as it also lays, in the air, eggs in calcareous
shells, like those of the terrestrial pulmonates, the question whether
it is primarily a pulmonate, with secondary resemblance to the pro-
sobranchs or primarily a prosobranch with secondary resemblance to
the pulmonates, suggests itself.
As the embryonic history of the breathing organs may be expected
to throw light upon this question, a quantity of the eggs were col-
lected and taken to the Marine Laboratory in the Dry Tortugas.
There the eggs were opened, the embryos removed and sketched, and
then hardened and preserved for embryological examination.
On my return to Baltimore I placed the material in the hands of
Mr. B. McGlone, who has studied the development of the respiratory
organs under my supervision, and has nearly completed his work,
which will soon be ready for publication. He has shown that the
lung of Ampullaria is a member of the series of gill-filaments, and
that it must be regarded as a modified gill, homologous with a cteni-
dium, or with more than one. It is therefore an organ which has
been secondarily acquired, and not derived from the lung of the ter-
restrial pulmonates.
Both lung and gills arise very early in the embryonic history of
Ampullaria, and at about the same time. In a very young embryo,
soon after the mantle makes its appearance, a ridge or thickening of
the epithelium of the inner surface of the mantle indicates the region
from which the gill-filaments, the lung and the osphradium are to
arise. The osphradium is developed from one end of this ridge, the
gill-filaments from the other, and between the two the ridge becomes
infolded into the substance of the mantle to give rise to the lung,
which may be regarded as a modified and invaginated gill-filament.
The similarity between the lung of the pulmonates and that of
Ampullaria is therefore nothing more than a new illustration of a
resemblance between organs that have been acquired independently
under like physiological conditions.
THE NAUTILUS.
VOL. XXI. JUNE, 1907. No. 2.
A NEW POLYGYRA FROM NORTH CAROLINA (P. SOELNERI).
BY JOHN B. HENDERSON.
On a collecting trip to the coastal plain region of North Carolina
last autumn, with Mr. Soelner, of Washington, the following unde-
scribed Poly gyro, was found :
POLYGYRA SOELNERI n. sp. Plate III, figs. 1, 2.
Shell globosely depressed ; spire low conoid, periphery rounded ;
perforate, the opening half covered by columellar lip. Surface very
glossy, closely, deeply and evenly ribbed throughout except on first
1^ whorls which are smooth. Whorls 5^, regularly increasing, the
last falling abruptly and shortly in front, having a pale spot at the
deflection. Narrowly and deeply contracted behind the lip. Aper-
ture oblique and irregularly crescentic. Lip reflexed with a flange-
like internal thickening which is widest basally and terminates short
of the columellar end of the lip. A rather long curved white par-
ietal tooth stands upon a hardly perceptible parietal film. Color
mahogany, with a glossy satin-like sheen ; lip purplish outwardly,
the inner flange buff. Alt. 7, greater diam. 11, lesser diam. 9-| mm.
Habitat among cypress logs in a swampy region on the north shore
of Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina.
This remarkably pretty little Polygyra, which is very distinct from
any other known species, might be included in the section Mesodon,
its nearest ally being P. christyi, from which, however, it differs in
being larger, less depressed and umbilicated. I take pleasure in
naming the species after Mr. Soelner, my enthusiastic companion in
the field when it was first found.
14 THE NAUTILUS.
NOTES ON GUNDLACHIA. I.
BY BRYANT WALKER.
The validity of the genus Gundlachia Pfr. is one of the disputed
points in systematic conchology.
The article by Hedley, reprinted with notes by Dr. Pilsbry in the
NAUTILUS in 1895 (Vol. IX, p. 61), gives a very complete summary
of the data down to that date. The only omission in regard to the
North American forms that I have found, being the citation of G.
ancyliformis Pfr. from Palma Sola, Manatee Co., Fla., by Simpson
in 1888 (Con. Ex., II, p. 96).
So far as I have been able to ascertain, no additional data in re-
gard to our species have been published.
In the NAUTILUS for January, 1904, Dr. Dall called attention to
a very interesting account by Nordinskiold of a septa-forming An-
cylus from South America and expressed the opinion that the
so-called Gundlachise are merely Ancyli, which under favorable con-
ditions are able to protect themselves from drought and cold by
forming an epiphragm and subsequently '• to secrete an enlarged and
somewhat discrepant shell."
The occurrence with typical Gundlachia of non-septate individ-
uals indistinguishable in shell characteristics from Ancylus has been
noted by several writers. Hedley, who believes the genus a valid
one by reason of anatomical differences, apparently inclines to the
view that "in unfavorable circumstances a septum is never formed."
While Dr. Pilsbry (NAUT., IV, p. 48), speaking of this apparent co-
existence of two forms, remarks, that if correct, " Gundlachia will
furnish the most extraordinary case of dimorphism known among
our American mollusks."
During the last few years I have had occasion to examine criti-
cally large numbers of our Eastern American Ancyli, and until
within the last year, with the exception of a small series collected by
Ferriss near Joliet (to be discussed later), I have discovered no ten-
dency whatever to septa-forming in any instance.
Recently, however, material from Ohio, Indiana, Alabama and
Mississippi has been received, which is of considerable interest as
bearing on the question, and the evidence thus afforded is herewith
submitted for consideration.
THE NAUTILUS XXI
PLATE II]
U.-
HENDERSON : POLYGYRA SOELNERI.
PILSBRY: MEXICAN LAND SHELLS.
THE NAUTILUS XXI.
PLATE IV.
6
8
10
11
WALKER: NOTES ON GUNDLACHIA.
THE NAUTILUS. 15
The examination of this material leads necessarily to a study of
the described forms of North American Gundlachia, and the results
of this work may properly precede the consideration of the new ma-
terial referred to.
I.
Gundlachia stimpsoniana Smith. Plate IV.
This species was described in 1870 (Ann. N. Y. Lye. N. H., IX,
p. 399, fig. 6) from specimens collected in ponds at Greensport,
Long Island, N. Y., and on Shelter Island. Only the " primary "
stage was figured. It has not been found elsewhere, so far as I know.
Through the kindness of Mr. J. B. Henderson, Jr., I have been
able to examine the original lot of this species from the Smith col-
lection. It consists of 71 specimens from Greensport and 1 from
Shelter Island.
The Shelter Island example is a young shell that has completed
the septum and is similar to the one figured (figs. 10-12). The
Greensport set may be divided into four groups :
1. 60 examples of the primary stage, with the septum in all stages
of development, from the first beginnings at the posterior margin to
the completed septum. With one exception, these specimens, al-
though varying somewhat in size and shape, are similar in all other
respects. The matured, or rather, perfected examples, vary from
1^ to 2 mm. in length, f to 1 in width and from £ to | in height.
The shape is an elongated oval, the ends bluntly rounded, the an-
terior extremity being usually somewhat more expanded. The sides
are nearly parallel, usually somewhat constricted in the centre, and
rather more so on the right than on the left, but in the smaller spe-
cimens are occasionally slightly convex. The apex is blunt, slightly
projecting and inclined to the right. It is radiately striate as in
Ferrissia. The anterior surface is distinctly ribbed with fine radiat-
ing ribs, which, however, do not extend to the apex. The septum
for the posterior half or two-thirds is either fiat or, more usually,
slightly convex. From about the centre of the shell it is flattened
and descends slightly to the aperture. This depression is, no doubt,
caused by the body of the animal in moving in and out of the con-
stantly decreasing aperture. The lines of growth are curved and
delicate, but quite distinct. On completion of its growth the edge
of the septum is abruptly turned upwards to the level of the edge of
the shell, and the whole margin of the aperture thus formed is slightly
16 THE NAUTILUS.
thickened and becomes continuous as shown in figure 11. The ex-
ceptional specimen noted above is noticeably larger, but proportion-
ately more depressed than the other, measuring 2-| x 1^ x -^ mm. But
in sculpture it is precisely the same, and I have no doubt that it
belongs to the same species. In this, the septum is but partially de-
veloped. A very similar specimen in size and appearance, but with-
out any appearance of a septum, is noted under group 2. Nearly all
of these specimens are "amber-colored," as stated by Smith, but
this is caused by a slight ferri-oxide deposit on the surface, which
disappears on the application of oxalic acid, and leaves the whole
shell of a clear, transparent, corneous color.
2. Five examples of the primitive stage with no trace of septum.
Evidently that growth had not yet begun. Four of them are of the
usual size and shape of the " primary " shell. The fifth is somewhat
larger and, barring the lack of septum, almost a duplicate of the ab-
errant individual noted in group 1.
3. Three examples in which the secondary growth had been made
without forming a septum. In all of them the primary stage is
sharply defined by the difference of color, and in color and shape
agrees substantially with the usual appearance at that period. In
one of them (figs. 3, 6, 9) the posterior slope is not continuous exter-
nally, there being a well-marked ''break" between the two stages
of growth, and internally the secondary growth flares out at a decided
angle all around the posterior margin of the primary shell.
In the other two examples, the primary shell is rather more con-
tracted laterally than usual, but the secondary growth is, on all sides,
in a substantially direct continuation of the primary shell. It be-
comes more or less irregular, however, as it progresses and the gen-
eral effect of the entire shell is that of abnormal growth. None of
these shells, however, are referable to any of the described species of
Ancylus. Smith states that the Greensport Gundlachia were asso-
ciated with Ancylus fuscus and with " more elevated specimens,
probably belonging to another species." If his identification of A.
fuscus was correct, the difference in the apical sculpture, to say
nothing of the general contour of the shell, forbid the union of the
two forms. What his other species were, must remain uncertain
until his specimens can be examined. Possibly they were non-sep-
tate examples of " stimpsoniana" in which the line of demarcation
between the primary and secondary growths was not so distinctly in-
dicated as in these specimens, which he included with his Gundlachice.
THE NAUTILUS. 17
4. Three examples having both a septum and a more or less com-
plete secondary growth. Smith states that of about one hundred
examples collected in the course of three years, only two were fully
mature. Of the specimens now in the collection, only one is appar-
ently mature, and that is much smaller than the dimensions given
by Smith for the fully mature shell, i. e., 5£x3£xl^ mm. As
shown by the figures (figs. 2, 5 and 8), it is somewhat defective along
the left margin. Allowing for the broken edge it measures 3|x2^xl
mm. In shape, however, it agrees substantially with Smith's de-
scription, and in the absence of a better, may be considered as
typical.
The second specimen, if ever mature, has had the secondary
growth broken back on all sides nearly to the primary shell, so that
it is quite impossible to say what the original size or shape was.
The third example is apparently the one referred to by Smith (p.
400) as having begun the secondary growth with a septum covering
" less than a quarter of the aperture." As shown by the figures
(figs. 1, 4 and 7), it has been broken along the posterior margin, but
enough remains to give a good idea of its original appearance. It
measures 2.75 x 2 x | mm. If this is the specimen mentioned by
Smith, and is "about two thirds " grown, the shell represented by
figs. 2, 5 and 8 is not far from being fully matured. The shape of
this specimen is quite different from that of the " typical " shell,
owing probably to the difference in the size of the septum. The re-
semblance in outline between it and the non-septate specimen figured
is quite strong, as shown by figures 4 and 6.
This species is apparently quite distinct from both G. meekiana and
G. californica, being characterized by its larger and more widely-ex-
panded secondary growth. More material showing the mature form
is very desirable, and it is to be hoped that collectors resident on
Long Island will make its rediscovery a matter of special consid-
eration.
MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF MONTEREY BAY, CALIFORNIA.
BY S. 3. BERRY.
During the summer of 1906, the writer attended a six weeks' ses-
sion of the Marine Biological Laboratory of Stanford University, at
Pacific Grove, California. While there considerable attention was
18 THE NAUTILUS.
given to molluscan life in particular and an extremely interesting
collection was made of the different forms. 394 species were ob-
tained, a practically complete list of which follows. In addition to
the mollusks, four species of brachiopods were collected.
The major part of the collecting was done along the shore about
Pacific Grove, especially at what is locally known as the " Third
Beach," and an interesting expanse of rocks called the " Big Tide
Pool." In addition to this, a number of dredging excursions were
undertaken with the aid of a gasoline launch, which resulted very
successfully. Most of the dredging was done in quite shallow water,
although one trip was made to a point off Moss Landing near the
middle of the bay. On this occasion we twice pulled up the dredge
filled to the brim with living echinoderms of the genus Echinarach-
nius, the common " sand-dollar," some two bushels in all. All of
the mollusca collected on such occasions were given over to the
writer, and his sincere thanks are due to Professor George Clinton
Price, in charge of the laboratory, to Mr. Frank A. Woodworth, of
Pacific Grove, and to many of his fellow-students for much valuable
aid in the way of numerous specimens, pertinent suggestions and
help of every description in the preparation of this paper.
The writer is also greatly indebted to Dr. William H. Dall and
Mr. Paul Bartch, of the United States National Museum, who
kindly determined all doubtful material and who have now in hand
the description of the many new or undescribed species found. The
new species are marked with an asterisk.
BRACHIOPODA.
Glottidia albida Hinds. Several living specimens were obtained
at from twelve to forty fathoms' depth.
Terebratulina caput-serpentis Linn6. A few very young speci-
mens, presumably of this species, were dredged. Adult specimens
are occasionally brought in from deeper water by the fishermen,
usually attached to coral. They are of the form which used to be
known as var. unguicula Carpenter.
Terebratulina transversa Dall. A few poor specimens were dredged
at various depths, adhering to fragments of hard blue clay, shells, etc.
Laqueus californicus Koch. We obtained no good specimens of
this handsome brachiopod, but I saw numbers of fine ones which had
been brought in by the fishermen.
THE NAUTILUS. 19
MOLLUSCA.
Nucula belloti A. Adams. One live specimen from about 40
fathoms.
Leda taphria Dall. Many empty valves and a few small live spe-
cimens were obtained almost everywhere that we dredged in the bay.
12 to 40 fathoms.
Leda hamata Carpenter. Occasionally found with the preceding.
Barbatia gradata Sowerby. Living; 12 fathoms.
Glycimeris intermedia Broderip. No living specimens were ob-
tained, but fresh valves were dredged in twelve fathoms of water.
Philobrya setosa Carpenter. 12 fathoms. Found attached by its
byssus to bunches of coralline, which it closely resembles in color
and is exceedingly difficult to distinguish. Not rare, and many were
doubtless thrown away before we discovered the habitat of this tiny
but none the less interesting mollusk.
Mytilus californianiis Conrad. This animal covers the rocks just
above the low-water mark and may be gathered by the tubful, if one
is willing to risk the almost certain wetting he will get, if he clam-
bers too far out on the exposed headlands, which are the mussel's
favorite haunts.
Septifer bifurcatus Reeve. Not rare between tides.
Modiolus fornicatus Carpenter. 12 to 40 fathoms.
Modiolus rectus Conr. 20 fathoms.
Modiolus rectus var. flabellatus Gould. One enormous specimen of
this variety was obtained which had been brought in by the fisher-
men. It far exceeds in size any other Mytilid in my cabinet.
Adula falcata Gould. Living in the hard blue clay with other
borers. 12 fathoms.
Lithophagus phimula Hanley. With the above ; not uncommon.
Crenella divaricata Orbigny. 25 fathoms.
Pecten hastatus Sowerby. 12-40 fathoms. No very large or
brightly-colored specimens were obtained.
Pecten hericeus Gould. One fine valve came up in the dredge
from the blue clay region off Del Monte. 12 fathoms.
Pecten diegensis Dall. Young specimens were dredged with P.
hericeus and P. hastatus. The fishermen sometimes bring in beau-
tiful adult specimens from the coral banks.
Pecten (Hinnites) giganteus Gray. A few were found at low-tide
attached to the under surfaces of rocks. At the great Tide Pool,
20 THE NAUTILUS.
where a good " minus " tide lays bare several acres of rocks and
weeds, and which teems with all sorts of marine life, this species
seems fairly common.
Lima dehiscens Conrad. Living; 12 fathoms.
Monia macroschisma Deshayes. Living; from shore line to 12
fathoms.
Cardita subyuadrata Carpenter. Living ; shore line to 12 fathoms.
Milneria minima Ball. 12 fathoms ; not common, as we found it.
Kellia luperousii Deshayes. Found living on shore and also
dn dged at 12 fathoms.
"With it occurs the following:
Kellia sub orbicular is Montagu.
Rochfortia tumida Carpenter. Shore line to 40 fathoms.
Diplodonta orbella Gould. Valves were found on the beach and
the species was dredged at 25 fathoms.
Phacoides californicus Conrad. Low-tide to 40 fathoms. Fairly
common.
Phacoides approximates Dall. 40 fathoms.
Phacoides annulatus Reeve. One valve was dredged at a depth
of about 25 fathoms.
Chama pellucida Sowerby. Low-tide to 12 fathoms.
Cardium quadrigenarium Conrad. 12 fathoms; only a few very
young valves found.
* Cardium fucanum Dall. One live specimen and several valves
dredged at 20 fathoms. It is notable that C. corbis Mart, was not
obtained. See description in NAUTILUS, XX, p. 111.
Protocardia centifilosa Carpenter. Living; 12 to 30 fathoms.
Pisidium occidentale Newcomb. Found in numbers in an old
watering-trough at Pacific Grove.
Transennella tantilla Gould. Living ; between tides.
Tivela stultorum Mawe. Between tides.
Tivela (?) marginata Cpr. One valve, found between tides, was
thus identified at the National Museum.
Saxidomus nuttalli Conrad. 40 fathoms.
Marcia subdiaphana Carpenter. 25 fathoms; valves only.
Paphia staminea Conr.
Paphia staminea var. petiti Deshayes.
Paphia staminea var. orbella Carpenter. All found nestling among
the rocks between tides.
THE NAUTILUS. 21
Paphia tenerrima Carpenter. 12 fathoms ; immature valves only.
Venerupis lamellifera Conrad. Some very pretty specimens of
this species were found from the shore line down to 12 fathoms.
Psephidea ovalis Dall. 12 fathoms.
Petricola carditoides Conrad. 12 fathoms; in the blue clay.
Petricola californica Conrad. 25 fathoms ; valves only.
Psammobia californica Conrad. Low-tide to 12 fathoms; not
common.
Tellina salmonea Carpenter. 40 fathoms ; rare.
Macoma yoldiformis Carpenter. 40 fathoms ; off Moss Landing.
One specimen.
Sernele rubropicta Dall. 25 fathoms ; valves only.
Semele pulchra Sowerby . 1 2 fathoms ; valves only.
Cumingia californica Conrad. Not uncommon at low-tide.
Cooper ella scintilliformis Carpenter. 40 fathoms ; one live but
immature specimen.
Sphenia californica Conrad. Low-tide to 15 fathoms ; not rare.
Corbula luteola Cpr. 15 fathoms.
Saxicava arctica Linne. Low-tide to 12 fathoms.
Saxicava pholadis Linne. Low-tide to 12 fathoms. Several very
large specimens were found in the abandoned holes of borers.
Siliqua lucida Conrad. Living; 15 fathoms; rare.
Solen sicarius Gould. Living ; 40 fathoms.
Spisula planulata Conrad. Very common at about 12 fathoms'
depth.
Spisula catilliformis Conr. One valve only ; 40 fathoms ; off
Moss Landing.
Lyonsia nitida Conrad. 12 fathoms ; rare.
Lyonsia spongiophila Dall. Low-tide to 12 fathoms; quite rare.
Mytilimeria nuttalli Conrad. Found at low-tide curiously embedded
in sponges or colonies of ascidians. The live animals would be passed
over and found rarely, except by accident, were it not for the distor-
tion in the masses of their hosts caused by their presence, or for the
oddly-shaped openings which permit the sea water to reach them.
Entodesma saxicola Baird. Among the rocks at low-tide.
Parapholas californicus Conrad. 12 fathoms. At this depth the
dredge often brought up large fragments of a hard, blue clay which,
upon examination, was found to be filled with dead and living spe-
cimens of this and other boring mollusks, such as Petricola, Adula,
22 THE NAUTILUS.
Pholadidea, etc. Other crevices of this same blue clay yielded Ocin-
ebra and many of the finest Chitons obtained.
Pholadidea penita Conrad. Found with the above.
Pholadidea sagitta Stearns. Found with the above and at a depth
of 40 fathoms off Moss Landing.
Pholadidea parva Tryon. In Haliotis shells.
Pholadidea (Netastomella) darwinii Sowerby. 12 fathoms; in the
blue clay.
Dentalium neohexagonum Pilsbry. 12 fathoms.
Dentalium rectius Carpenter (?). 12 fathoms. One beautiful spe-
cimen over an inch long is probably referable to this species.
Cadulus nitentior Carpenter. 12 fathoms ; not uncommon.
Tornatina harpa Ball. 12 to 40 fathoms.
(To be concluded.)
A NEW CERITHIUM FROM THE FLORIDA KEYS.
BY WILLIAM HEALY DALL.
CERITHIUM STANTONI n. sp.
Shell solid, acute, conic, the nine whorls rapidly enlarging ; sculp-
ture of 7-9 strong, rounded, axial ribs extending from the suture to
the periphery, crossed by small, sharply elevated, subequal, some
times alternate, close set spiral threads which cover the whole shell ;
these threads behind the periphery are white, the strise between them
tend to be blackish-brown except on the most prominent part of the
ribs where they are yellowish cream color ; from the periphery to
the canal the threads as well as the interspaces are brown, and on
the canal become lighter again, but are probably more or less var-
iable as in other species of the genus ; last whorl with a single varix
opposite the outer lip ; aperture semi-lunar, on the body callous,
with a strong subsutural ridge setting off a posterior sulcus ; the
pillar callous, twisted, very short, smooth ; the outer lip thickened,
reflected, internally sharply lirate ; interior white. Lon. of shell 35,
of last whorl 16, of aperture 12, max. diam. of shell 17, of aperture
6 mm.
Shoals near St. George Cay, Belize, Rev. W. A. Stanton
(150294); Florida Keys (110469).
THE NAUTILUS. 23
A hermit crab fragment retaining its coloration, sent by Father
Stanton, was long believed to be due to foreign ballast, as nothing
of the sort was known from the West Indies. The recent acquisi-
tion of a bleached but entire specimen from the Florida Keys has
confirmed its American habitat.
The species is nearest the C. guiniacurn Philippi (1849) from the
Gaboon, West Africa, but is more conical, and wider in the last
whorl, and rather larger. The sharp regular striation and few large
rounded ribs are its most striking characteristics.
AMONG THE CEPHALOPODS.
BY R. E. C. 9TEARNS.
According to the papers, the big steamship Northwestern that
went ashore last March on La Touche Island, southeastern Alaska,
has been floated and is now at Valdez.
Divers making the survey of the bottom of the sea where the
steamer rested, were driven away repeatedly by " great cuttlefish,
which swarmed in the vicinity of the wreck." It was feared that
these " sea monsters " would prevent the saving of the vessel, but
the divers proved game, made the necessary survey, drilled the holes
for the dynamite, and laid the charge which blew to atoms the rock
that had trapped the steamer, without damaging the vessel.
May 3, 1907.
PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED,
THE MOLLTSCA OF COLORADO (University of Colorado Studies,
vol. iv, no. 2, 3, Feb. and Apr., 1907). By Junius Henderson.
This useful addition to the series of state hand-books of mollusks
gives an epitome of earlier work by Ingersoll, Cockerell and others,
with substantial additions to the list of species (some 25 being here
first reported from Colorado), and to the locality records. A key to
species and a bibliography are given. Most of the species are illus-
trated, the Unionidce by excellent original figures, the snails by cuts
24 THE NAUTILUS.
borrowed from Binney's works. " The study of the influence of
altitude upon mollusks in this region has given chiefly negative re-
sults. Instead of dwarfing the species, as in Montana and other
regions where the cold of high altitudes is more intense, the higher
altitudes seem more favorable to land snails than lower levels, be-
cause of the increased humidity. The finest specimens of Oreohelix
strigosa and Vitrina alaskana found have been at 11,000 and 9,300
feet respectively." " Among bivalves we have found Pisidia at
11,000 feet, Calyculina at 8,500 feet."
Regarding some of the older records the author remarks upon
" doubts as to the accuracy of identification in many instances in the
early reports." Such difficulties are always encountered, and their
removal costs much time and labor. The identification of " Zoni-
toides conspectus," Succinea salleana, nuttalliana, rustic ana, Ancylus
fraqilis and caurinus and Physa heterostropha should especially be
looked into. The paper will form an excellent basis for further
work in Colorado, and will be useful for work anywhere in the
Rockies.
THE RESULTS OF DEEP-SEA INVESTIGATION IN THE TASMAJ?
SEA. MOLLUSCA FROM EIGHTY FATHOMS OFF NARRABEEN. By
C. HEDLEY (Records of the Australian Museum, vi, pp. 283-304,
pis. 54-56). This paper contains descriptions of 18 new species,
including a new genus, Coriareus related to Lascea. The species are
all beautifully illustrated.
NOTES.
ERRATA. — The differences between the two New England species
of Acmaen. The NAUTILUS?, May, 1907. About half way down
the 3d page: "... radula of an adult shell of alveus are perhaps
the squarest of all, fig. 4." This should be " fig. 3." Also several
lines farther down "... nearly at right angles to the next tooth
and the cusp of (U) faces the center of the lingual membrane (L)."
The (L) should be after the word " tooth."
HENRY JACKSON, JR.
THE NAUTILUS XXI
PLATE V.
4
1-1O, PACHYCHEILUS VALLESENSIS. 11, POLVGYRA POLITA.
12, P. AULACOMPHALA. 13, PALUDESTRINA TAMPICOENSIS.
THE NAUTILUS.
VOL. XXI. JULY, 1907. No. 3.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW MEXICAN PACHYCHEILUS.
BY ANSON A. HINKLEY.
PACHYCHEILUS VALLESENSIS n. sp. PI. 5, figs. 1-10.
Shell conic, solid, smooth ; suture impressed ; aperture widely
ovate, circular at the base, obtusely angular above, purple within ;
whorls 7, convex ; on young and also well preserved specimens the
apical ones are slightly carinate or striate ; spire about half the
length of the shell.
Operculum corneous, spiral, nucleus subcentral; when viewed from
above has a little resemblance to a small Planorbis.
Length 32, cliam. 16 mm.
Length 33, diam. 19 mm.
Habitat. Valles river, Valles, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
" This species resembles short forms of P. /(evissimus, from which
it differs by the absence of fine spiral lines, the more heavily
calloused columellar lip, and the darker interior. No other Pachy-
cheilus has been found so far north." 1
The species is named from the river in which it is the most plenti-
ful mollusk. Figure 1 may be considered the type, though its size
is above the average. There is often a flattening of the body whorl
and occasionally a constriction or shallow groove, as on some of the
Pleurocera. Mature specimens usually show 6 whorls ; when the
spire is well preserved, as in fig. 8 and fig. 9, there are 8. In young
specimens the aperture is angular below, see fig. 5. In mature
1 Note from Dr. H. A. Pilsbry. The plate illustrating this species will ap-
pear in the next number.
26 THE NAUTILUS.
specimens the callous deposit on the columella is heavy, and where
it meets the labium above, it is very thick. This is well shown in
figs. 3 and 8 ; within the aperture the outer lip is bordered by a
lighter-colored or white zone.
All mature specimens and many of the immature ones are more or
less covered with a deposit of calcareous matter, which is often so
thick as to mislead as to the form of the shell, see figs. 4 and 9.
Individuals are very numerous in some places, and scattering ones
can be found almost anywhere in the river. The very young were
found where there was little or no current, on sand or mud bottom,
or on roots and plants at the water's edge ; older ones were common
on rocks or the river bed where the current was strong.
At two places the alluvial soil, though above any indication of
high-water, contained large numbers of this species, reminding the
writer of the remains of Tulotoma magnified at places along the
Coosa river in Alabama.
Figures 8 and 9 are from the stream of a spring, and are more
perfect in the spire than those from the river, fig. 8 has the deposit
all removed, and fig. 9 has enough removed to show the spire. Fig.
10 is not mature ; it will be seen that the heavy columellar callus is
not yet formed. Fig. 2 is an extra large one ; it and figs. 3 and 7
are more than usually inflated. Much smaller ones were found than
the one shown in fig. 5.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MEXICAN LAND SHELLS.
BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.
A full account of the mollusks collected by Mr. A. A. Hinkley in
the vicinity of Tampico and in the State of San Luis Potosi will
later be submitted by him ; meantime some of the new forms are
described below.
Polyyyra (?) martensiana n. sp. PI. V, figs. 11, 12.
The shell is rather thin, depressed, about the shape of P. texasiana,
umbilicate, the umbilicus rapidly contracting within; surface glossy,
pale brownish-corneous with a faint brown band above the periphery,
weakly marked with unequal growth-lines. Upper surface nearly
flat, the spire being very low conic; periphery above the middle, the
base convex. Whorls 4^ to 5£, convex, slowly increasing, the first
THE NAUTILUS. 27
smooth, the last whorl very indistinctly subangular in front of the
aperture, elsewhere rounded peripherally, slightly descending in
front. The aperture is very oblique, wider than high, about one-
fourth of its circumference is excised by the preceding whorl; peri-
stome evenly, rather narrowly reflexed throughout, slightly dilated
at the axial termination; parietal callus thin and transparent.
Alt. 6, diam. 11, width of umbilicus 2 mm.
Alt. 8.8, diam. 4.8 mm.
Tampico, Mexico, type loc.; also Valles, farther inland, in the
State of San Luis Potosi.
This species is remarkable for the complete absence of teeth in the
aperture, in other respects having a general resemblance to Poly-
gyras of the texasiana group. Its generic position can be decided
only by examination of the soft anatomy. It may possibly be a
Praticolella. Six examples were taken at Tampico, one at Valles.
Named for the late Professor E. von Martens.
Holospira hinkleyi n. sp. PI. Ill, figs. 3, 4.
The shell is fusiform, widest above the middle, at the seventh
whorl, above which it tapers rapidly and below slowly; whitish.
Whorls nearly 10, the first smooth, projecting, flattened above, with
a central dimple, the second whorl narrower, very convex, smooth;
following whorls sculptured with very oblique well raised threads,
rather sparse on the early whorls, then more numerous, but sep-
arated by spaces wider than the threads. The whorls of the cone
are somewhat flattened, except near the lower suture where they are
abruptly curved, and the threads are a little enlarged. On the
penult and last whorls the threads become strongly arcuate ; the
whorls are convex, with very deep sutures. The latter part of the
last whorl becomes free and descends deeply. It is somewhat flat-
tened on the upper and outer faces, elsewhere rounded. The aper-
ture is transversely ovate, brown within, with a continuous, very
broadly expanded, flattened, thin peristome. Internally there are
four laminee : a strong parietal which arises in the latter part of the
penult and continues to where the last whorl becomes free; a shorter
columellar, in the median part of the last whorl; a high basal lamina
in the first half of the last whorl, and a thin but well-developed
palatal lamina, below the middle of the outer wall, in the first half
of the last whorl.
28 THE NAUTILUS.
Length 9.8, diam. 2.9 mm.
El Abra, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, collected by A. A.
Hinkley.
This species is well characterized by the freely descending last
whorl, the " neck " being much longer than in any other member of
the typical subgenus of Holospira. The four internal laminae are
well developed, and situated somewhat lower than in H. yoldfussi.
Eight specimens were taken, part of them immature.
ZONITOIDES PENTAGYRA n. Sp. PI. Ill, figs. 6, 7, 8.
The shell is slightly larger than Z. minuscula, umbilicate, the
width of the umbilicus contained between 4 and 4| times in that of
the shell; thin, whitish in the dead specimens seen, similar in color
to Z. minuscula. Surface glossy, marked with very weak growth-
lines, and with very faint fine spiral striae on the base, more distinct
in immature shells.
Spire quite convex. Whorls 5, narrow and very slowly increasing,
convex, the last well rounded peripherally. Aperture somewhat
oblique, quite small, and narrowly lunate. Peristome simple as usual.
Alt. 1.4, diam. 2.7 mm.
Tampico, in river drift, with Z. minuscula and Z. singleyana and
various Pupillidce, etc. Type no. 93796 A. N. S. P., from Mr.
Hinkley's collection.
This species is readily distinguished from the two associated forms
of Zonitoides by the closely coiled whorls and the small, narrowly
lunate aperture. It has some resemblance to Pycnogyra bercndti, of
the region of Vera Cruz. It is comparatively rare in the river
debris, while Z. minuscula and singleyana occur in copious quantity.
SPIRAXIS TAMPICOENSIS Pilsbry. PI. Ill, fig. 5.
Drift debris at Tampico. This very slender shell has been de-
scribed in the current number of the Manual of Gonclioloyy, p. 24.
CECILIOIDES (C^ECILIANOPSIS) JOD n. sp.
The shell is iniperforate, very minute, oblong, slowly tapering to
an obtuse summit, whitish (probably clear corneous when living),
smooth and glossy. Whorls 4£, slightly convex. Aperture less
than half the total length, piriform, shaped like that of Euglandina,
the outer lip arcuate, thin, columella very concave, covered with a
thin callous film, distinctly truncate at the base. Length 2.1,
diam. 1 mm.
THE NAUTILUS. 29
Tarnpico, in river debris, abundant.
This tiny snail seems to be at least subgenerically distinct from
Ctzcilianella (Cecilioides) by the very obtuse summit and short wide
spire. It is closely related to A. consobrina Orb.
IN BE CYTHEEEA PETECHIALIS OF CAEPENTEE'S MAZATLAN
CATALOGUE.
BY ROBERT E. C. STEARNS.
In Dr. Ball's "Synopsis of the Family Veneridse," 1 etc., he re-
marks "Cytherea petechialis Lamarck, 1818, is listed by Carpenter
from Mazatlan having been found among the Reigen shells, but it is
certainly exotic, none having appeared from there for half a cen-
tury."
It is not unlikely that the shell collected by Reigen was an ex-
ample of the exceedingly rare and handsome variety of Macrocallista
(Chionella) squalida, the color markings of which are suggestive of
the Asiatic petechialis. In my paper on " The Shells of the Tres
Marias,"3 etc., etc., under Gytherea (Callista) chionsea I refer to the
matter. I have never seen more than half a dozen examples of the
variety. The National Museum contains if I am not mistaken two
or more specimens.
I am quite familiar with squalida as well as petechialis having had
a great many of both species, and for many years distributed both
freely in the course of exchanges. The West Coast species is com-
mon in Scammon's Lagoon with Macron ^Ethiops Reeve (==J/.
Kellettii Hinds) and elsewhere on both sides of the peninsula and in
the Gulf of California.
THE Tj. S. COAST SUEVET EXPEDITION TO ALASKA IN THE YEAE 1867.
BY ROBERT E. C. STEARNS.
If not a stroke of genius, it was a timely inspiration that caused
Dr. C. Hart Merriam to expand what might have been hardly more
than a notable pleasure excursion into an important scientific expe-
dition. Probably never before were so many eminent scientific men
brought together, and under such agreeable circumstances, as formed
1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, p. 408, vol. xxvi, 1902.
2Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, p. 153, vol. xvii, 1894.
30 THE NAUTILUS.
the party that went north on the steamer G. W. Elder, constituting
the Harriraan Alaska Expedition.
It was also a happy thought that led Dr. Dall to utilize the oppor-
tunity for publication in the Harriman Expedition Series, of his
volume on the " Land and Fresh- Water Mollusks," which has been
appropriately reviewed by Dr. Pilsbry.1 It will doubtless be a
standard reference book for the next quarter of a century.
The number of species collected by the expedition is nowhere
stated. With a copy of Dr. Dall's volume before me, memory re-
calls what was an important event in its time, forty years ago, the
U. S. Coast Survey Expedition to Alaska,2 in charge of Professor
George Davidson, which left San Francisco, July 21, 1867, and re-
turning, arrived in San Francisco on the following 18th of November.
In this, the first expedition under the flag in connection with the
acquisition of Alaska, or perhaps more accurately, Russian America,
provision was made for biological investigation, hence my special
interest in it, and further, for the reason that two members of the
biological staff were kindly appointed by Professor Davidson on my
suggestion. Mr. W. G. W. Harford was the conchologist and gen-
eral collector. The season proved unfavorable, the weather being
bad, and the collection of mollusks, therefore, in number of species,
was small. Of the marine forms 69 species were taken ; the
BuccinidcB were determined by Dr. William Stimpson, the rest by
the writer. The few land shells as named below, were identified by
Dr. J. G. Cooper.
Helix columbiana Lea, Sitka ; Chilcot River, 59° 9' N.
Helix vancouverensis Lea, Sitka ; Vancouver Island.
Helix ruderata Stud., Ounalaska.
Helix fulva Drap., Sitka ; Ounalaska.
Vitrina pellucida Mull. (?).
Zua lubrica Mull., Sitka ; Kodiak.
The list as it appeared in the Coast Survey volume, contained
many typographical errors ; it was subsequently revised and pub-
lished by me.3
NAUTILUS, Vol. XIX, December, 1905.
'Report of the Supt. U. S. Coast Survey, during the year 1867. Appendix
No. 18, pp. 187-329. Washington, D. C., 1869.
3 Shells collected by the U. S. Coast Survey Expedition to Alaska in the year
1867. Proc. Gal. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Dec. 2, 1867.
THE NAUTILUS. 31
This and the other paper l mentioned in the foot-note, which con-
tained a few pages on the circumboreal distribution of molluscan
species, were omitted from the bibliography of Dr. Ball's volume.
A FEW NOTES ON SAY'S EABLY WRITINGS AND SPECIES.
BY V. STERKI.
Again and again, these last years, I have looked over a copy of
T. Say's " Conchology " in the "British Encyclopedia" (Nichol-
son's),2 and found a few things which caught my attention particu-
larly and appear worth mentioning and discussing if compared with
our present interpretation. It is unnecessary to say that the re-
marks are not written for the sake of criticizing the father of con-
chology in this country. His difficulties were doubtless great with
respect to both working up his material and having the articles
printed according to his intentions.
Of the introduction and general description, I would refer only to
one point or two. Say justly protests against the view then prev-
alent, that the beaks of a bivalve mark the under side, stating that
in the natural position of the mussel they are above. At the same
time, what we now regard as anterior and posterior parts, he desig-
nates as the right and left sides, evidently from lack of knowledge
of the organization of the soft parts. Hence also the terms: '' aequi-
lateral and inequilateral," for which we now must say " equipartite
and inequipartite." He calls the distance from the beaks to the
opposite or " posterior " margin as length, the one at right angles to
it as breadth, as some noted conchologists have done up to recent
years. It is interesting to note, however, that soon he approached
a more correct conception, even in the same article: in descriptions,
e. <jr.,of Unio ovatus and ochraceus, and Anodonta marginata, he
speaks of a front and a posterior end, only mistakes them for each
other, a view which also has been held tenaciously for a long time
by many conchologists. In this way apparent contradictions are
1 On the History and Distribution of the Fresh- water Mussels, etc. Proc.
Cal. Acad. Sciences, Nov. 20, 1882.
* Probably of 1818 or 1819; there is no date, and nothing referring to the
time of publication, except that the author mentions his "detached essays in
the Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc.," and to the "former editions of this work."
32 THE NAUTILUS.
easily explained. That Say terms primary teeth what we now call
cardinals or pseudocardinals, may be mentioned by the way.
As to the arrangement it is interesting to note that the first genus
is Helix (made up of our Polygyra, Zonitidse, Vallonia, Strobilops,
Patula [Pyramidula~\, Helicodiscus, variously mixed up); then fol-
low: Polygyrn (P. s. str.), Oligyra (= Helicma~), Planorbis, Lymnsea
(including Physcf), Succinea,1 Cyclostoma (Valvata}, Ancylus, Palu-
These things are mentioned just for an historical reminiscence,
and also to show the changes brought on by anatomical examination
and more minute distinction.
Some notes on species :
Helix lineata. Reference is made to Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc., I,
p. 18, but no mention of Planorbis parallelus.
Succinea ovalis. Alt. 11.25, aperture alt. 8.75 mill.2 Say states
that the species is common ; how is it, then, that no larger specimens
were found, if ovalis were identical with obliqua? and that Say de-
scribed the latter as new, only a few years later ? (as 17.5 mill,
high). A. Binney (Terr. Moll., II, p. 71) asserts that the two are
identical, or varieties of the same species, yet does not use the older
name ; and he does not state whether there are any undoubtedly
authentic ovalis Say on hand, giving evidence of the identity. In
the absence of such, doubts should be permitted. Dr. Dall seems to
have the same view.
Unio crassus. From the description it is evident that not only
several species are included under the name — as the author himself
suspects — but that rather forms of Unio, resp. Quadrula are under-
stood, including undulata Barnes,8 and probably tuberculata Raf. A
description of Lamps, ligamentina would be quite different, and es-
pecially so of the prevalent form of the Ohio river (= var. gibbus
Simpson). The figure has resemblance to a female L. liga-
1 Yet he adds the remark : " The characters of the inhabitant (=soft parts)
are widely distinct from the animal of the Lymnsea, and are somewhat allied
to those of the inhabitants of the Helices."
dina (our Amnicola, Pomatiopsis, Lioplax, Goniobasis, Vivipara,
Campeloma), Pupa, Polyphemus (= Glandina), the bivalves: Unio,
Alasmodonta, Anodonta, Cychrs, Cyrena.
'Say gives the dimensions in inches; for convenience of comparing, they
are reduced to millimeters.
3 As even more evident from the description of U. plicata, following.
THE NAUTILUS. 33
mentina. Except eventually for that, U. crassus cannot be regarded
as a synonym of the species named, and it would be best to drop the
name.
Unio plicata. Unfortunately, the author failed to cite the dimen-
sions. To judge from the description and also the locality, Lake
Erie, it seems that not the large " typical " plicata of e. g., the Mis-
sissippi and Ohio rivers was understood, but the well marked
" variety," known also e. g., from the Kankakee river.
U. ochraceus. Description and figure evidently are drawn from a
young, resp. adolescent specimen, two or three years old, and the
differences as pointed out from cariosus (the figure represents a
mature female) are mostly due to this fact.
Oyclas similis. The description shows decidedly that the mussel
understood is not what has been taken for Sphserium simile, resp.
G. sulcatum Lam.; the size given is: long. 10, alt. 8.75 mill. Any
specimen of G. sulcatum, 10 mill, long, is rather young, not " sub-
orbicular," but elongate, and little inflated. The figure also, how-
ever imperfect it may be, cannot represent a G. sulcatum. The
species described seems to be either G.striatinum Lam, or stamineum
Con., probably the former. The statement that "a specimen
measured in length1 nearly three-fifths of an inch," makes it prob-
able that a G. sulcatum was mixed in. Whether there are any
authentic specimens in u collection, and what they prove, I know
not ; but from what has been said, we will do well to revert to the
name G. sulcatum Lam., which seems well established.
There are a number of typographical and other errors, and mis-
takes in the article ; e. g., under Paludina, three species are desig-
nated as " L." : Siibcarinuta, Virginica, Vivipara ; evidently the
author had ranged them under Lymncea previously, and then forgot
to change the genus initials. Under Anodonta marginata, pi. 3,
fig. 3, is cited; evidently it should be fig. 5, although the dimensions
do not agree exactly with the description, as they do with respect to
other species. Helix thyroidus is described. What good reason is
there now to spell thyroides, after the original spelling had been gen-
erally adopted until 1850, and partly later? I allude to this, as
compared with Planorbis exacitous, which is not in the article con-
sidered, that Say himself changed, corrected, the nonsensical and
Probably altitude, in conformity with Say's terminology ; no "breadth " is
given.
34 THE NAUTILUS.
impossible word into exacutus, or others did, is enough to show
that it was an error. The purpose of nomenclatural rules is to pre-
vent mistakes and misunderstandings ; the means, to adhere to the
original spelling, so far as consistent with sense. In the case of PL
exacutus for exacuous, there is no possibility of a mistake, and I, for
one, shall write exacutus after this.
In Say's article there is under Cyrena : u Shell triagonally
rounded . . .," evidently an error ; it should be " trigoually." If
this were in a name it would be perpetuated like " exacuous."
MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF MONTEREY BAY, CALIFORNIA.
BY S. S. BERRY.
( Continued from p. 22.)
Gylichna eximia Baird. 12 fathoms.
Cylichna attonso. Carpenter. 28 fathoms ; one young specimen.
Tethys (= Aplysia) californica Cooper (?). The common sea-
hare of Monterey Bay seems to differ somewhat from those of the
southern part of the state, and may prove to be distinct when a care-
ful anatomical examination has been made of both. The form ob-
tained is quite common along the shore. It is large and of a brown
color, irregularly blotched.
Tethys (californica, var. ?). A small red form was dredged at 12
fathoms depth, which may or may not prove distinct from the shore
form. At any rate, it is very different in appearance.
Archidoris montereyensis Cooper. 25 fathoms. Whether one
collects aloug the shore or dredges in the bay, the Nudibranchs
form one of the most striking and characteristic features of marine
life in the Monterey region. Neither individuals, nor species, nor
even genera, are few in number, as the following incomplete list will
show. For the identifications, Professor MacFarland's careful paper
on the Monterey Bay opisthobranchs (Bulletin of the Bureau of
Fisheries, Vol. XXV) is the best work, and was constantly used by
us as a text book in their study. It is beautifully illustrated, and
should be in the library of every Pacific coast student.
Anisodoris nobilis MacFarland. Very common at low tide.
Rostanga pulchra MacFarland. A few of these bright-red ani-
mals found at low tide.
THE NAUTILUS. 35
Diaulula sandiegensis Cooper. Low tide.
Cadlina marginata MacFarland. Very common from the shore
line to 25 fathoms.
Chromodoris (sp.?) One specimen dredged. A most elegant
creature ; brilliant blue marked with yellow. It is now in the hands
of Professor MacFarland for dissection and determination.
Doriopsis fulva MacFarland. Shore line to 25 fathoms ; very
common.
Cregires albopunctatus MacFarland. At low tide.
Laila cockerelli MacFarland. A few found at low tide.
Triopha carpenteri Stearns. Between tides ; common.
Triopha maculata MacFarland. Between tides ; common.
Polycera atra MacFarland. One specimen found at low tide.
Acanthodoris brunnea MacFarland. 12 fathoms; one specimen.
Hopkinsia rosacea MacFarland. A beautiful rosy pink in color,
its body covered with long, tapering papillae, this is one of the most
exquisite beings imaginable. It is by no means an uncommon
creature in the little rocky tide pools along the shore.
Aeolid (sp.?). Numerous aeolids of many sorts were found along
the shore and were dredged, particularly off Moss Landing. Some
species were exquisitely beautiful in form and color, but they proved
almost impossible to preserve and none were determined.
Seleniles duranti Newcomb. Several were found under bits of
bark on Cypress Point.
Vertigo (sp. undet.). Found rather commonly on Cypress Point.
Punctum conspectum Bland. Cypress Point ; one specimen.
Punctum conspectum, var. pasadence Pilsbry. Near Pacific Grove;
one specimen.
Helix aspersa Mu'ller. Pacific Grove ; in gardens.
Epiphragmophora californiensis Lea. Cypress Point ; rather
uncommon there at least.
Epiphragmophora dupetithouarsi Deshayes. Cypress Point, etc.
Common, as land shells go in California. One curious specimen
obtained is half albino.
Siphonaria peltoides Carpenter. Found at low tide, and live ones
were also dredged at 12 fathoms, to my great surprise.
Gadinia reticulata Sowerby. At low tide ; Santa Cruz, etc.
Physa heterostropha Say (?). Santa Cruz, etc.
Planorbis parvus Say. Del Monte pond.
( To be concluded. )
36 THE NAUTILUS.
NOTES.
NOTE ON CYPR^EA COXENI Cox — Having recently had the good
fortune to obtain a specimen of this rare and interesting species,
my attention is directed to certain particulars in which it differs
materially from the only figure and description at present available
to me — those contained in Mr. Roberts' monograph in Tryon's
Manual of Conchology. This specimen, which appears to be some-
what worn, has the irregular chestnut-brown markings described as
characteristic of the species, but is otherwise entirely white. In-
stead, however, of being a tapering shell, as shown in the figure
referred to, or of being similar to C. cribraria, to which it has been
compared by Mr. Brazier and Mr. Roberts, it is cylindrical, opaque
and heavy in appearance, and its form throughout is almost precisely
that of G. rhinoceros Souv. ( C- interrupta Gray, var.?), the white
base and margins being the same, but the columellar teeth extending
further across the base, as mentioned by Mr. Melvill in his " Survey
of the Genus Cypraea " (p. 230). This species should not be con-
fused with C. Coxi Braz., a thin yellowish or cream-colored shell,
which Dr. Cox believes (MS. letter) is not entitled to specific rank
and which Mr. Roberts thinks may have been based upon a young
specimen of C. errones. — FRED. L. BUTTON.
PUBLICATIONS EECEIVED.
THE CONCHOLOGICAL MAGAZINE : A monthly devoted to the
study of Japanese shells. Published by Y. Hirase, Kyoto, Japan. l
A new expression of the activity of our neighbors across the Pacific
is before us in this handsomely printed and illustrated Magazine
edited by Mr. Hirase, of which four numbers have come to hand.
It is a gratifying evidence that the progress of Japan is to be
intellectual as well as material. The April number contains
articles on collecting shells, the philology of shell names. Japanese
marine mollusks, the classification of Japanese land shells, etc., etc.,
a total of 84 pages and three excellent phototype plates. The text
is of course in Japanese, but the plates make it interesting to con-
chologists of the Western World, and should give the Magazine a
circulation outside of Japan among all interested in Pacific shells.
The NAUTILUS heartily welcomes the new Conchological Magazine.
1 Subscription to foreign countries $1.50 per annum.
THE NAUTILUS.
Vol.. XXI. AUGUST, 1907. No. 4.
A NEW SUBSPECIES OF POLYGYRA MTJLTILINEATA.
BY JAS. II. FERRISS.
POLYGYRA MULTILINEATA CIIADWICKI n. var.
This is a dentate form. In a lot of thirty specimens twenty-five
had a lunate parietal tooth or thickening of the callus about three
mm. in length extending obliquely across the aperture nearer the
outer lip. In other respects, compared to multilineata, the shell is
heavier, the spire higher, the whorls more ventricose, the suture
deeper ; it is moderately polished, the sculpturing is less acute, the
furrows shallow ; the aperture is less oblique, less lunate ; the peri-
stome thicker, face more rounded, contracting the aperture more.
In some examples the parietal callus is a mere ribbon in front of the
aperture 5 mm. in width, not extending within the aperture itself.
The greatest diameter 21 mm., alt. 13 mm.
In color these run from yellowish-white to light cherry. In five
specimens only were the revolving lines observed, and these faintly.
In general appearance it is quite like the Arkansas mountain forms,
bearing a neighborly likeness to albolabris alleni, india?iorum, bin-
neyana and edentata. It was collected on the banks of the Kaw
river, near Lawrence, Kansas, by W. C. Chadwick, of Cleveland,
Ohio, and is named in his honor.
In the Illinois river valley we have two sizes of multilineata, one in
the open bog measuring from 18 to 23 mm. in diameter, the other
in wet timber land measuring from 25 to 28 mm. in diameter, well
supplied with revolving lines. The smaller size varies in color from
38 THE NAUTILUS.
a solid cherry-brown to white, and when lined there is a wide varia-
tion in the number of lines.
NEW LAND AND FRESH- WATEK SHELLS FROM MEXICO.
BY H. A. P1LSBRY AND A. A. HINKLEY.
POLYGYRA POLITA n. sp. PI. 5, fig. 11.
The shell is narrowly perforate, with a rather long rimation, dis-
coiclal, the spire very slightly convex; whitish corneous (probably
partially bleached), glossy, with faint sculpture of weak growth lines
only. The whorls increase slowly ; the last one is rounded at the
periphery and descends abruptly at the aperture ; it is constricted
and opaque white behind the lip, and there is a short oblique groove
within the umbilicus. Aperture very oblique. The peristome is
thick, expanded outwardly, reflexed below, the ends connected by a
rather thick callus, which bears a rather long, obliquely V-shaped
tooth, the upper branch of which, though not so high as the lower,
is well developed and connects with the peristome. There are two
strong lip teeth, the upper one peripheral in position, tubercular, the
lower one basal, compressed, entering across the lip-callus; a low,
rather sharp lip-callus, more immersed at its lower end, is above the
upper tooth.
Alt. 4, diam. 9.6 mm.; width of umbilicus 2.6 mm.; whorls 5.
Tampico, in river debris, coll. by A. A. Hinkley.
This species closely resembles P. texasiana hyperolia Pils. and
Ferr., but it differs by the wider constriction or furrow behind the
peristome, and the decidedly more deeply immersed upper lip tooth.
The umbilical rimation is also longer than usual in that form.
POLYGYRA AULACOMPHALA n. sp. PI. 5, fig. 12.
The shell is very narrowly perforate, with a rather long rimation,
subdiscoidal, with low spire ; whitish corneous (probably bleached),
glossy, faintly, finely striate above, smoother below, where faint
traces of spiral striaj are visible. Whorls slowly increasing, the first
projecting slightly, the last rounded peripherally, descending a little
in front, constricted behind the outer and basal margins of the peri-
stome, with shallow pits in these positions. A long, deep furrow on
THE NAUTILUS. 39
the last whorl within the umbilicus runs parallel to the rimation,
but does not quite reach to the peristome. The aperture is oblique,
peristome thin, well expanded, reflexed below, terminations converg-
ing, joined by a rather heavy callus, which bears a large obliquely
and narrowly V-shaped parietal tooth, the upper branch connecting
with the peristome, the lower branch somewhat sinuous. The upper
lip tooth is peripheral, the lower basal, both compressed and entering.
There is an acute, obliquely entering ridge within the lip, above the
upper lip tooth, and connected with its inner end. Inside the last
wliorl a low columellar lamella indicates the position of the external
furrow.
Alt. 4.3, diam. 10, width of umbilicus 3 mm.; whorls 5.
Tampico, in river debris, coll. by A. A. Hinkley.
This species is closely related to P. polita, but differs from that by
the very long and deep groove on the last whorl within the umbilicus,
the thin lip, longer teeth and smaller perforation. Further fresh
specimens are needed to complete the descriptions of both, since the
types are bleached shells from river debris.
PALUDESTRINA TAMPICOENSIS n. sp. PI. 5, fig. 13.
The shell is very minutely perforate or imperforate, rather nar-
rowly conic, thin, corneous, nearly smooth, the glossy surface but
slightly striatulate ; apex acute. Whorls 6, moderately convex;
suture moderately impressed, with a gray margin by transparence.
Aperture slightly oblique, ovate, angular above ; lip thin and simple,
the columellar margin concave, hardly reflexed.
Alt. 3.7, diam. 1.8 mm.
Tampico, in river debris, coll. by A. A. H.
Of this little species only a few specimens were taken. It is re-
lated to P. monroensis Ffld., and is not close to any species yet
known from Mexico or Texas.
MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF MONTEREY BAY, CALIFORNIA.
BY S. S. BERRY.
( Continued from page 55.)
Conus californicus Hinds. Shore to 12 fathoms.
Pleurotoma carpenteriana Gabb. Several individuals of this
40 THE NAUTILUS.
beautiful species were dredged in from 12 to 15 fathoms. It is one
of the most attractive shells to be found in the Bay.
Daphnella fuscoligata Dall. One good specimen was found be-
tween tides by some little children who gave it over to me.
Drillia inermis Hinds. 12 fathoms; living; one specimen.
Drillia torosa Carpenter. 12 fathoms, and dead specimens on the
beach.
Clathurella caiifieldi Dall. Living under rocks at the big Tide
Pool.
Mangilia angulata Carpenter. 12 fathoms.
Mangilia hexagona Gabb. 12 fathoms.
Mangilia sculpturata Dall. 12 fathoms.
Cancellaria cooperi Gabb. 15 fathoms; one living, but immature
specimen.
Olivella biplicata Sowerby. Between tides.
Olivella pedroana Conrad. 12 fathoms.
Olivella intorta Carpenter. 15 fathoms, sand ; occurring with the
" sand-dollars."
Marginella jewettii Carpenter. Between tides ; dead, but good
shells common on the beach.
Marginella pyriformis Carpenter. Shore to 12 fathoms.
Marginella regularis Carpenter. 12 fathoms ; with the preceding.
Mitra maura Swainson. 12 fathoms; several specimens. One
magnificent live individual was nearly three inches long.
Mitromorpha filosa Carpenter. Between tides.
Mitromorpka aspera Carpenter. 12 fathoms.
Fiisus luteopictus Dall. On and under stones between tides ; not
rare.
Fusus robustus Trask. 12 fathoms; living; occasional examples.
Nassa mendica Gould. 12 fathoms; evidently exceedingly com-
mon at moderate depths.
Nassa mendica, var. cooperi Forbes. With the preceding and
perhaps even more common.
Nassa perpinguis Hinds. 12 fathoms ; few obtained.
Nassa fossata Gould. Fishermen.
Nassa californiana Conrad. Fishermen and a few examples
dredged in 40 fathoms, off Moss Landing.
Amphissa versicolor Dall. Exceedingly common from the shore
into 12 fathoms.
THE NAUTILUS. 41
Columbella aurantiaca Dall. Between tides ; rare.
Columbella tuberosa Carpenter. Low tide to fifteen fathoms ;
common.
Columbella gausapata Gould. Common from the shore line to
12 fathoms.
Columbella gausapata, var. carinata Hinds. With the preceding
and in greater numbers.
Murex carpenteri Dall. 12 fathoms ; one of the finest species in
the Bay. It is very different in appearance from the M. carpenteri
of San Pedro.
Murex petri Dall. A few young shells referred to this species by
Dr. Dall were dredged with M. carpenteri and the Calliostoma in the
blue-clay region.
Murex foliatus Marty n. 12 fathoms ; with the preceding; three
or four splendid examples.
Murex nuttalli Conrad. At low tide.
Murex (Ocinebra} barbarensis Gabb. 12 fathoms ; two good live
and several dead shells.
Murex ( Ocinebra} squamuliferus Carpenter. Two living examples
dredged with the preceding.
Murex (Ocinebra) gracillimus Stearns. Between tides.
Murex (Ocinebra} circumtextus Stearns. Fairly common at low
tide. The specimens run much larger than in the southern part of
the state.
Murex (Ocinebra} luridus Middendorf. Between tides; rather
common. Specimens were found connecting this species with the
following variety.
Murex ( Ocinebra} luridus, var. asperus Baird. Between tides ;
not common.
Murex (Ocinebra} luridus, var. mundus Carpenter. Between
tides ; less common than typical luridus.
Murex (Ocinebra} interfossus Carpenter. Shore to 15 fathoms ;
not uncommon.
Murex ( Ocinebra} peritus Hinds. One living specimen found at
low tide.
Murex ( Ocinebra) subanyulatus Stearns. Low tide ; one specimen.
Purpura saxicola Valenciennes. Between tides ; very common.
Purpura lima Martyn. Between tides ; rare.
Monoceros lapilloides Conrad. Between tides.
42 THE NAUTILUS.
Scala hindsii Carpenter. Between tides ; the most common
species of the genus. It may be found living by searching among
the sea-anemones.
Scala subcoronata Carpenter. With the preceding, but less
abundant.
Scala crebricostata Carpenter. Living at 12 fathoms, off Del
Monte, and dead on the beach at Santa Cruz.
Scala berryi Dall. A small species occurring in almost every
dredge haul in some localities, but good specimens rare. 12 fathoms.
Scala rectilaminata Dall. 15 fathoms. (NAUTILUS, xx, p. 127.)
Scala (Oirsotrema} montereyensis Dall. 25 fathoms.
Scala ( Opalia) borealis Gould. Between tides rather rare.
Scala (Opalia) pluricostata Carpenter. 12 fathoms; one speci-
men.
Scala ( Opalia") spongiosa Carpenter. Two specimens of this pretty,
but tiny species. 12 fathoms.
Eulima rutila Carpenter. 12 fathoms; rather scarce.
Eulima thersites Carpenter. With the above. Living example
rare.
Turbonilla aurantia Carpenter. 12 fathoms.
Turbonilla (Mormula) tridentata Carpenter. 12 fathoms.
Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) torquata Gould. 12 fathoms.
Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla~) serrae. Dall & Bartsch. 12 fathoms.
All of these are rare species, this being of most often occurrence.
Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla') vancouverensis Baird. 28 fathoms ;
one living specimen.
Turbonilla (sp. undet.), 12 fathoms.
Odostomia (Chrysallida) oregona Dall and Bartsch. Rare ; 12
fathoms.
Odostomia (Chrysallida) montereyensis Dall and Bartch. 12
fathoms ; not so rare as most of the other Odostomia.
Odostomia (Amaura) montereyensis Dall and Bartsch. 12 fathoms.
Odostomia (7ofeo) amianta Dall and Bartsch. 12 fathoms; not
infrequent.
Odostomia (Evalea) straminea Carpenter. On abalone shells
brought up from just below the low-tide mark. Common, but found
in no other locality.
Odostomia (Evalea) angularis Dall and Bartsch. Shore line to
12 fathoms ; rare.
THK NAUTILUS. 43
Odostomia (Ividea} navisa Dall and Bartcli. 12 fathoms.
Odostomia (Evalea) valdezi Dall and Bartcli. 12 fathoms, two
specimens.
Priene oregonense Redfield. Fishermen ; rare.
Gyrine.um californicum Hinds. Fishermen. Also dredged in 12
fathoms. Of rather frequent occurrence.
Pedicularia californica Newcomb. On corals brought in by the
fishermen. One beautiful specimen is over half an inch in diameter.
Trivia californica Gray. 12 fathoms ; one live specimen.
Radius variabilis C. B. Adams. The dealers and fishermen often
show examples of this species said to have been found in the bay, but
the first really authentic specimen from Monterey seen by the writer,
was a single immature specimen dredged by him. 12 fathoms;
living.
Radius barbarensis, Dall. Fishermen. Quite rare. The only
specimen obtained is over an inch in length and one of the most
beautiful products of the bay.
Erato columbvlla Menke. Low tide.
Erato vitelllna Menke. Several beautiful examples were found
alive at low tide.
Triforis adversus Montagu. Between tides.
Triforis montereyensis Bartsch. 12 fathoms; a single broken
specimen.
Metaxia diadema Bartsch. 12 to 28 fathoms; rare.
Seila assimilata C. B. Adams. Between tides.
Cerithiopsis purpurea Carpenter. Between tides. Dead shells
common.
Cerithiopsis munita Carpenter. 12 fathoms.
Cerithiopsis tuberculata Carpenter. Low tide.
Cerithiopsis interfossa Carpenter. On the beach ; one specimen.
B ittiurn filosum Gould. Between tides ; plentiful.
Bittium esuriens Carpenter. Between tides; not common.
Cacum californicum Dall. 12 fathoms; plentiful.
Ccecum quadratum Carpenter. Found occasionally with the pre-
ceding.
Ctzcum crebrictnctum Carpenter. Rather commonly with the
preceding. The specimens were unusually large and fine.
Vermetus lituella Carpenter. Between tides.
Vermetus squamigerus Carpenter. Between tides ; not common.
44 THE NAUTILUS.
Bivonia compacta Carpenter. Shore to 25 fathoms. Found
either singly or in contorted masses and not at all rare.
Littorina planoxis Nuttall. Abundant.
Littorina scutulata Gould. Abundant.
Lacuna nnifvsciata Carpenter. Dead shells common and living
individuals not rare at low tide.
Fossarus (Isapis) fenestratus Carpenter. Shore to 12 fathoms.
Diala marmorea Carpenter. Shore to 12 fathoms.
JZissoa acutilirata Carpenter. 12 to 25 fathoms; plentiful, but
usually dead.
Rlssoina bakeri Bartsch. 12 to 25 fathoms ; rare.
Rissoina pnrpurea Dall. 12 fathoms ; a single specimen.
Barleia Italiotiphila Carpenter. Between tides ; plentiful.
Calyptrcea mamillaris Broderip. 12 fatlioms ; no living specimens
found.
Crepidula adunca Sowerby. Sliore to 20 fatlioms and everywhere
plentiful. Found almost invariably on shore attached to the shells
of the black turban, Chlorostoma funebrah. Specimens dredged
were usually of a lighter color, deeper, and distorted.
Crepidula nivea Gould. Found at low tide, adhering to the under
surfaces of stones.
Crepidula dorsata Broderip. Low tide to 20 fathoms, particularly
among sponges and kelp-roots.
Crepidula lessonii Broderip. Low tide to 20 fathoms ; rather un-
common, but usually in old holes of Pholads, etc.
Amalthea antiquata Linne. Found in large colonies attached to
the under surfaces of rocks at the Big Tide Pool.
Lunatia lewisii Gould. Fishermen, etc. Not rare.
Lunatia draconis Dall. Fishermen, etc. Also dredged alive in
12 fathoms of water. An examination of a number of individuals
of each of these species, as to whether the shells showed any very
noticeable sexual differences failed to reveal anything striking.
Eunaticina oldroydii Dall. Fishermen, etc. None were dredged
by our party, though this mollusk seems to be a characteristic feature
of the Bay.
Velutina Isevigata Linne. 12 fathoms ; one immature shell.
Lamellaria rhombica Dall. 15 fathoms; living; one specimen.
Acmaea asmi Middendorf. Not rare on the shells of the black
turban (Chlorostoma), but occurring nowhere else. Perhaps this is
a case of commensalism.
THE NAUTILUS. .45
Acmaea incessa Hinds. On seaweed at low tide.
Acmaea instabilis Gould. With the preceding.
Acmaea triangularis Carpenter. 12 fathoms. Not rare among
red sponge on the hard clay and always accompanied by the follow-
ing species.
Acmaea rosacea Carpenter. 12 fathoms; all quite small speci-
mens. Also on shore.
Acmaea mitra Eschscholtz. Between tides, but usually far out on
exposed rocks. Shells always encrusted with a growth of " coral-
line," etc.
Acmaea patina Eschscholtz. Between tides ; plentiful.
Acmaea patina, var. scutum. Between tides.
Acmaea patina, var. fenestrata Nuttall. Between tides; rather
rare.
Acmaea scabra Reeve. Between tides ; abundant.
Acmaea pelta Eschscholtz. Between tides; common.
Acmaea pelta, var. nacelloides Dall. Between tides ; not rare.
Acmaea persona Eschscholtz. Between tides ; common.
Acmaea spectrum Nuttall. Between tides ; common.
Acmaea (Lottia) gigantea Gray. Between tides ; abundant.
Phasianella compla Gould. Shore line to 12 fathoms.
Phasianella (compta, var.) pulloides Carpenter. With the pre-
ceding.
Eucosmia variegata Carpenter. Between tides ; uncommon.
Eulithidium substriatum Carpenter. A few specimens dredged at
12 fathoms depth.
Pachypoma inequale Martyn. One of the finest species in the
region. It occurs all the way from low water mark at least down to
a depth of fifteen fathoms and is by no means rare. A few speci-
mens obtained are extraordinarily large and heavy.
Leptothyra bacula Carpenter. Between tides ; common.
Leptothyra, paucicostata Dall. Between tides ; one poor specimen.
Leptothyra carpenteri Pilsbry. Between tides ; common. Also
to 20 fathoms depth.
Norrissia norrissii Sowerby. 12 fathoms; one very yonng speci-
men.
Calliostoma annulatum Martyn. 12 fathoms; not rare. Several
beautiful examples of this exquisite species.
Calliostoma canalicidatum Martyn. 12 fathoms, and a number of
46 THE NAUTILUS.
exceptionally large examples obtained from the Chinamen. Young
specimens were often found living also at the low water mark.
Calliostoma costatum Martyn. Shore to 12 fathoms ; common.
Young specimens often lined with bright blue.
Calliostoma supragranosum Carpenter. Low tide to 12 fathoms;
rare.
Calliostoma splendens Carpenter. 12 fathoms ; quite rare.
Calliostoma gloriosum Dall. Dead shells on shore, and a few
living but small specimens dredged in 12 fathoms of water.
Margarita lirulata Carpenter. Between tides ; common.
Margarita pupilla Gould. A few specimens were found at low
tide. They are of the. form known as var. salmonea Carpenter.
Gibbula parcipicta Carpenter (= M lirulata var.). 12 fathoms.
Chlorostoma funebrale A. Adams. Between tides; abundant.
Chlorostoma brunneum Philippi. C. funebrale covers the rocks
everywhere, but one must go at low tide to successfully search for
C. brunneum, although it is common.
Chlorostoma montereyi Kiener. 12 fathoms; dead. Also from
the fishermen.
Chlorostoma pulligo Martyn. 12 fathoms; not rare but usually
rather small.
Halistylus pupoides Carpenter. 12 fathoms; common, occurring
invariably with Caecum crebricinctum, and the two species run
through the same variations in color.
Scissilabra dalli Bartsch. 12 fathoms ; one specimen.
Liotia acuticostata Carpenter. 12 fathoms.
Vitrinella eshnauri Bartsch. 12 fathoms.
Vitrinella berryi Bartsch. 12 fathoms. Described with other
Vitrinellidae in the Proceedings of the United States National
Museum, Vol. XXXII, pp. 167, 176.
Cyclostremella californica Bartsch. 12 fathoms.
Haliotis cracherodii Leach. Between tides ; abundant.
Haliotis rufescens Swainson. Especially plentiful just below low
water mark.
Haliotia gigantea Chemnitz. 15 fathoms ; one d<?ad shell. An
animal and shell in alcohol among the laboratory collections was un-
doubtedly collected in the bay. Both specimens were but two or
three inches long.
Fissurella volcano Reeve. Between tides to 12 fathoms ; common.
THE NAUTILUS. 47
Fissuridea aspera Eschscholtz. Between tides to 12 fathoms ; not
rare.
Fissuridea murina Ball. Shore to 12 fathoms ; some specimens
quite fresh but all dead and then not of common occurrence.
Lucapina crenulata Sowerby. Low tide.
Megatebennus bimaculatus Dall. Quite a number found alive at
low tide.
Subemarginula yatesi Dall. A single fine specimen was obtained
which had been brought in by fishermen from deep water. It is
evidently extremely rare.
Puncturella cucullata Gould. 12 fathoms. This also seems to
be quite rare in this locality, though one living and several dead
shells were dredged from a depth of twelve fathoms.
Lepidopleurus rugatus Carpenter. Not rare at low tide.
Lepidopleurus ambustus Dall. Several examples were found on
the fragments of blue clay dredged in 12 fathoms of water.
Lepidopleurus (Oldroydia) percrassus Dall. 12 fathoms. On the
blue clay with the other chitons were found two fine specimens.
Tonicella lineata Wood. Between tides to 12 fathoms. The
species does not run so large here as further north, but is often very
beautifully colored.
Trachydermon ruber Lowe. 12 fathoms ; one specimen. It was
a surprise to find this cold-water species at Monterey.
Trachydermon hartwegii Carpenter. Common on the rocks be-
tween tides everywhere.
( To be concluded. )
NOTES.
ADDITIONS to the " Catalogue of the Shell Bearing Mollusca of
Khode Island," 1889, are the following:
Lucina filosa, Stimps.
Odostomia impressa, Say.
Pisidium Streatori, Sterki.
Pisidium Roperi, Sterki.
Pisidium Noveboracense, Prime. — H. F. CARPENTER.
OYSTERS ARE WILD ANIMALS — " Domesticated, tame or garden
oysters are assessable as personal property, according to an opinion
48 THE NAUTILUS.
of Attorney-General Jackson, written in answer to a query addressed
to the tax commission by G. Frank Tuthill, supervisor of the town
of Soutliold, inquiring whether oyster beds should be assessed as real
or personal property and to what purpose the taxes derived there-
from are to be devoted. The courts have held, says Mr. Jackson,
that oysters are wild animals and become personal property when
they are reclaimed or artificially planted. Such domesticated, tame
or ' garden ' oysters would be assessable as personal property under
the ordinary rules." — (Boston Globe.~)
STUDENTS of the Unionida? may be interested to know that on
June 10th 1 have collected a number of female Tritogonia tuber -
culata (Barnes) gravid. All four branchiae were charged with ova.
More details will be communicated later. — V. STEHKI.
PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.
A PRELIMINARY CATALOGUE OF THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER
MOLLUSCA OF OHIO. By V. Sterki (Proc. Ohio State Acad. of
Science, iv, part 8). This very valuable addition to our State cata-
logues gives an epitome of Dr. Sterki's work in Ohio in the past
twenty years, with such other species as have been reported on good
authority from the State. The total number, 310 species, is prob-
ably exceeded by no Northern State. Attention is called to species
which should specially be looked for in Ohio, such as Gastrodonta
gularis, 0/nphctlina Isevigata, etc. A separate list is given of species
from pleistocene deposits. Dr. Sterki's notes on the various species
will be read with interest by those engaged in similar studies, his
intimate acquaintance with inland mollusks giving weight to the
views expressed.
A NEW PARASITIC MOLLUSK OF THE GENUS EULIMA. By
Paul Bartsch (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1907). E. ptilocrinicola lives
parasitic on Ptilocriiius pinnatus Clark, dredged by the steamer
Albatross off British Columbia in 1588 fms. The proboscis is deeply
inserted in the side of the body of the crinoid. This is like Stylifer,
yet the apex is not mucronate as in that genus, and there is an oper-
culum. The largest specimen is 9.5 mm. long.
THE NAUTILUS XXI.
PLATE VI.
UNIO GIGAS 'SWAINS.' SOWB (HYRIOPSIS CUMINGII LEA). CHINA.
( About % nat. size).
THE NAUTILUS.
VOL. XXI. SEPTEMBER, 19O7. No. 5.
NOTES ON SOME EXOTIC UNIONID.E,
BY L. S. FRIERSON.
The collation of some private notes upon The Synopsis of the
Naiades by Mr. Chas. T. Simpson called my attention to several
errors in this great work. In the Synopsis Mr. Simpson dealt not
only with a great number of species, but with an enormous mass of
references to an involved and difficult literature. The following
notes are therefore offered in no unduly critical spirit.
UNIO GIGAS (Swainson) Sby., U. CUMINGII Lea.
Page 608, Mr. Simpson places (it is true, somewhat in doubt) as
a synonym of Tritogonia tuberculata, Barnes, the figure of Unio gigas,
Swainson (Sowerby, in Conchologia Iconica xvi, 1867, Plate LVI,
fig 287).
This really fine figure has been totally misunderstood by both Mr.
Simpson and Mr. R. E. Call, the latter having more than once re-
ferred it to Unio multipiicatus Lea. It is probable that the habitat
assigned the shell by Sowerby — the Ohio river — is responsible for
these singularly poor determinations. Mr. Lea was not much mis-
led by t^e habitat, for in his synopsis he placed it among the for-
eign shells, and in his scheme of classification he placed U- gigas im-
mediately next to his Unio cumingii. The fact is that gigas is
only an adult cumingii. The type of the latter was a shell not one-
third grown, and hence only slightly resembling a full-grown speci-
men.
50 THE NAUTILUS.
As Mr. Lea afterwards received several large cumingii he was
of course acquainted with its appearance, and hence his placing the
two shells together. But the tenacity with which Mr. Lea "hung
on " to his names is an old story, and accounts for his placing them
as allied but distinct species, in his classification.
However, even though synonymous with each other, it is probable
that gigas has not precedence, since it was published by Sowerby
long after Lea's U. cumingii. Moreover, £7. gigas Sowerby is prob-
ably not the undescribed U. gigas of Swainson.
An adult specimen of the species under discussion is illustrated on
Plate VI, from the writer's collection. It is 209 mm. long, and was
received from China.
The remains of the high wing, and the broad biangulated posterior,
the purplish color inside, and the wrinkledumbones amply distinguish
U. gigas (cumingii) from either of the shells with which it was
united by Mr. Simpson and Mr. Call.
ANODON MORETONIANCS Sowerby.
On page 925 of the synopsis Mr. Simpson makes a variety
moretonianus Sowerby of Glabaris trapesialis Lamarck. The
variety being shown in Sowerby, Conchologia Iconica xvii, 1867,
PI. IX, fig. 20. This appears to be a singular error. The shell
figured not only is not trapesialis Lk., but is nothing like it. It is
more than probable that Mr. Simpson in baste, made a " lapsus
pennse " and really intended to make a variety susannce Gray; for
this shell is close to, if not identical with trapesialis, and is figured
on the same plate to which we are referred. But be this as it may,
the Anodon moretonianus of Sowerby (as of Lea) is nothing like
Glabaris trapesialis Lam.
UNIO PLICATULUS Lea.
A singular lapsus seems to have been made on page 353 when the
genus Ctenodesma is described and the type assigned is the Unio
borneensis Issel, better known perhaps as the U. plicatulus of Lea.
But there can be but little doubt that this shell (i. e., the V.
plicatulus Lea.) is not a member of the Ctenodesma at all, but un-
questionably belongs to the next described genus Rectidens.
THE NAUTILUS. 51
MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF MONTEEEY BAY, CALIFORNIA.
BY S. S. BERRY.
( Concluded from page ^7.)
Trachydermon flectens var. montereyensis Bartscb. 12 fathoms ;
several specimens.
Chaetopleura gemmea Carpenter. Low tide to 12 fathoms ; quite
common in places. Most of the specimens are a rather bright
orange-red in color.
Chaetopleura rosetta Bartsch. A very small species dredged in
12 fathoms depth. One specimen was likewise found at low tide.
Ischnochiton magdalenensis Hinds. This is the commonest shore
chiton and lives under boulders in dozens. The young specimens
are often very handsome and vary considerably in coloration and
marking.
Ischnochiton mertensii Middendorf. Low tide to 12 fathoms.
Not rare. This is also a variable species as regards color and mark-
ings, though generally of a brownish-red. The sculpture of fine
specimens is wonderfully distinct and is but rarely obscured by for-
eign growths, or eroded as in the case of so many of the other species.
Ischnochiton cooperi Carpenter. Low tide ; but few found.
Ischnochiton clathratus Reeve. A single oddly-marked specimen
was found at low tide by a fellow-student at the laboratory.
Ischnochiton radians Carpenter. Low tide to 12 fathoms. Two
of the specimens found were nearly black, almost unmarked, and
with so exactly similar a color pattern (not in the least intergrading
with the ordinary form) that the writer was very doubtful as to
whether they were properly referred to this species, but they were
identified as radians by Dr. Dall. They seem at least a very well
marked variety.
Ischnochiton berryi Bartsch. Six adult specimens and a young
one were found in the crevices of the blue clay from 12 fathoms.
They were generally living with a purplish sponge which they re-
sembled in color. The largest specimen taken measured one and a-
half centimeters in length in the living state.
Ischnochiton veredentiens Carpenter. 12 fathoms; two or three
specimens.
Ischnochiton regularis Carpenter. Three or four specimens were
found at low tide. I am told that this is generally a common species
around Pacific Grove, but we did not find it so.
52 THE NAUTILUS.
Callistochiton palmulatus Carpenter. 22 fathoms. Two speci-
mens.
Callistochiton palmulatus var. mirabilis Pilsbry. Low tide ; not
rare.
Callistochiton crassicostatus Pillsbry. Low tide ; not rare.
Nuttallina californica Nuttall. Exceedingly common between
tides on the rocks.
Mopalia muscosa Gould. Low tide to 12 fathoms. Very common.
Mopalia hindsii Sowerby. Low tide ; not rare. No specimens
showing any intergradation between this species and the preceding
or the next were observed.
Mopalia lignosa Gould. Between tides ; common.
Mopalia ciliata Sowerby. 12 fathoms ; four specimens. All the
specimens taken were predominantly red in color, but sometimes
mottled with white, brown and green. A very striking and hand-
some species.
Mopalia ciliata var. wossnesenskii Middendorf. 1 2 fathoms ; one
specimen.
Placiphorella velata Carpenter. A number of specimens of this
interesting species were found at low tide.
Katherina tunicata Sowerby. Several specimens were obtained
far out on the rocks among the mussels.
Cryptochiton stelleri Middendorf. A few specimens found at low
tide.
In conclusion it may be well to call attention to several interest-
ing features of Monterey's mollusk fauna which are presented by the
foregoing list : the extraordinary development of the chitons (some
twenty-six species and four varieties); the large representation of
Ocinebra (ten species and varieties), of Scala (eight species), and of
the Pyramidellidae (fourteen species); and the prominence of
Acmaeidae in the shore fauna, both as regards number of species and
varieties (fifteen) and of individuals.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF LYMN.EA.
BY FRANK COLLINS BAKER.
JAOKSONENSIS n. sp.
Limnea catascopium BIKNEY (part), Land and Fresh-water Shells
of North America, II, 1865, p. 56, fig. 86, two central figures.
THE NAUTILUS. 53
Shell ovately fusiform, solid; color very dark horn; surface shining,
lines of growth coarse, crossed by deeply incised spiral lines sagrinat-
ing the surface; one or two rest periods are discernible as longitudinal
bands on the body whorl or spire; apex smooth, very dark chestnut
color; whorls 5£, rounded, rather rapidly increasing in size; body
whorl large, ovately-inflated; sutures well impressed; spire about
equal to the aperture in length, broadly conical; aperture regularly
elongate-ovate, narrowed at both ends, somewhat effuse anteriorly;
outer lip with a chestnut-bordered internal lip; inner lip in the adult
rather broadly reflected over the umbilicus, leaving a small, narrow
chink; juvenile specimens are almost imperforate; parietal callus
rather heavy in some specimens, in which case making a continuous
peritreme; axis very slightly twisted; columella with a well-marked
fold, more strikingly developed in young than in old specimens.
Length 19.0, width 10.0, aperture length 10.1, width 5.0, mm.
Length 16.5, width 9.5, aperture length 9.1, width 4.8, mm.
Length 14.5, width 8.5, aperture length 8.5, width 4.0, mm.
Length 14.0, width 7.5, aperture length 7.5, width 3.4, mm.
Length 12.5, width 7.5, aperture length 8.0, width 3.5, mm.
Types: Chicago Academy of Sciences, 6 specimens.
Cotypes: Collections of Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., and of A. A.
Hinkley.
Type locality: Jackson Lake, drained by the south fork of the
Snake River, Wyoming.
Records: Oregon: Grindstone Creek (Hayden, Smithsonian col-
lection). Wyoming: Jackson Lake; Philips Lake, eight miles north
of Jackson Lake (H. O. Hinkley, A. A. Hinkley).
Remarks: This species was received from Mr. A. A. Hinkley, of
Du Bois, Illinois, under the name of L. binneyi. Comparison with
Tryon's types at once showed that it was not that species, which is
larger, of a different color and with a differently-shaped shell, inner
lip, umbilicus, etc. It approaches L. gabbi Tryon, but the aperture
is more regularly elongate-ovate, the whorls are rounder, the inner
lip is broader, there is an umbilical chink and the whole shell is
more fusiform. Comparison has been made with Tryon's types and
with a set in the Chicago Academy of Sciences received from Tryon
from the original lot. The species resembles very closely in color
and in the form of the columella certain forms of apicina (=solida
preoccupied) but the spire of jacksonensis is longer and the aperture,
narrower.
54 THE NAUTILUS.
It has some resemblance to L. catascopium but the columella is
quite different and the aperture is differently shaped. Binney's two
central figures in Land and F.-W. Shells, fig. 86 accurately picture
the species and the original specimens in the Smithsonian (No. 8304)
seem to be the same. It has probably been named binneyi or solida
in collections but it seems to be a distinct species, related to the
binneyi-solida-catascopium group of Lymneeas. Mr. H. O. Hinkley
collected the specimens.
LTMN^EA PSEUDOPINGUIS n. sp.
Shell globose or globosely ovate, thin and fragile; color very light
corneous inclining to yellowish, sometimes brownish; surface dull to
shining, but not polished, growth lines very heavy and spiral lines
deeply incised; whorls 4 _|_, rounded; the body-whorl globosely inflated,
the whorls increase very rapidly in size, the last whorl occupying from
| to £ of the length of the shell; spire usually short, depressed, dome-
like, sometimes more elongated; sutures well-marked, bordered below
by a wide, yellowish band; aperture ovate or roundly-ovate, some-
times a trifle expanded and somewhat effuse anteriorly; inner lip
rather broadly expanded, triangular, reflected over but not closing
the umbilicus, which is a conspicuous chink; there is no columellar
plait in the majority of specimens; the parietal callus is very thin or
wholly lacking. The axis is but slightly twisted.
Length 9.0, width 6.5, aperture length 6.0, width 3.5, mm.
Length 9.0, width 6.0, aperture length 6.0, width 3.5, mm.
Length 9.5, width 6.75, aperture length 6.5, width 3.5, mm.
Length 8.2, width 5.5, aperture length 5.4, width 3.0, mm.
Length 8.0, width 5.5, aperture length 5.0, width 3.0, mm.
Length 14.0, width 8.0, aperture length 8.0, width 4.3, mm.
Length 12.5, width 7.5, aperture length 7.3, width 4.0, mm.
Length 11.0, width 7.0, aperture length 7.0, width 3.5, mm.
Length 7.2, width 5.0, aperture length 5.0, width 8.0, mm. Mt.
Sinai.
Length 7.5, width 5.0, aperture length 5.0, width 2.5, mm. Mt.
Sinai.
Types: Chicago Academy of Sciences; Gotypes, collection Miss
Mary Walker, Buffalo, N. Y., Mr. Bryant Walker, Detroit, Mich.,
Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia and the Smithsonian Insti-
tution, Washington.
THE NAUTILUS XXI.
PLATE VII.
< P.
<
0
THE NAUTILUS. 55
Type locality: Crystal Brook, Long Island, N. Y.
Records: Crystal Brook and Mt. Sinai, Long Island, N. Y.
Habitat: In salt or brackish water, " at low tide in shore of bay fed
by springs" (Crystal Brook) ; in ice-cold spring (Mt. Sinai.)
Remarks: This peculiar Lymnasa has been somewhat of a puzzle
for a long time. It was at first thought to be a variety of L. cata-
scopium pinguis but it differs from that form in its thinner shell, more
globose form, more dome-shaped spire and particularly in its triangu-
lar, smooth, reflected inner lip and distinct umbilical chink. The
form of the shell and of the inner lip resembles the bulimoides group
of Lymnaeas of the subgenus Galba.
It is probably a variation from the catascopium stock, produced by
unfavorable conditions, which have dwarfed the shell. It is a signi-
ficant fact that the icy-cold spring at Mt. Sinai has produced the
same shell characteristics as the brackish water of Crystal Brook.
There is some variation in the height of the spire in the numerous
specimens examined, some individuals having an elongated spire a
trifle less than the aperture in length, while in others the spire is
less than half the length of the aperture. This shell also varies in
corpulency. The inner lip is peculiar and, together with the form of
shell, will easily separate this species from catascopium, its nearest
ally.
The shell was first brought to the notice of the writer by Miss
Mary Walker of Buffalo, N. Y., who suggested its resemblance to L.
bulimoides, and later by Mr. Bryant Walker, of Detroit, Michigan.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE MOLLUSCA FOUNB IN THE VICINITY OF
LA JOLLA, SAN DIEGO CO., CAL.
BY MAXWELL SMITH.
Several winters ago I spent a few months at La Jolla, California.
Here an old friend, Mr. Joshua L. Bailey, initiated me in the study
of shells. The town lies twelve miles north of San Diego, directly on
the coast, and at the base of Mount Soledad. Alternate stretches of
beach and rock, caves and muddy shores, afford a congenial home
for mollusks. Miniature canyons slope from the hills down to the
coast. On the sides of these are found two species of land shells. A
56 THE NAUTILUS.
short distance to the south stands Pacific Beach, facing both False
Bay and the ocean. Several miles to the north are the Torrey
Pines. Here stand, on the bluffs overlooking the sea, splendid spe-
cimens of Pinus torreyanus. At the base of these cliffs, in a wild
spot, a number of interesting finds were made.
Where no locality is given the species is understood to have been
found at La Jolla. No dredging was done. Species found on the
surface of anemones are marked with a star.
Ostrea lurida, Cpr. False Bay. On stones.
Anomia macroschisma, Desh. After storms.
Anomia lampe, Gray. False Bay. Not rare, but difficult to de-
tach from rocks.
Pecten aequisulcatus, Cpr. False Bay. In mud.
Pecten monotimeris, Conr. Washed ashore on kelp.
Hinnites giganteus, Gray. Single valves.
Lima dehiscens, Conr. Several specimens.
Modiolus californianus, Conr. On rocks.
Septifer bifurcatus, Conr. With above.
Adula falcata, Gld. In soft rock.
Lithophaga plumula, Hani. A few in rock.
Area reticulata, Gmel. One alive under stone.
Barbatia gradata, Sby. Many examples under stones.
*Cardita subquadrata, Cpr. Uncommon.
Milneria minima, Dall. On spire of Haliotis.
Diplodonta orbella, Gld. A few at very low tide.
Chama exogyra, Conr. Mostly dead.
Chama pellucida, Sowb. Beautiful examples.
Cardium substriatum, Conr. Small shells.
Cardium quadrigenarium, Conr. Brought in by fishermen.
Tivela stultorum, Mawe. In the sand.
Amiantis callosa, Con. False Bay. A few good examples.
Tapes staminea, Conr. With Donax.
Chione succincta, Val. A few living.
Chione undatella, Sby. Pacific Beach. Several examples.
Petricola carditoides, Conr. In rock.
Donax laevigata, Desh. Very abundant in sand.
Heterodonax bimaculatus, D'Orb. Pacific Beach. Soft parta
gone.
Tagelus californianus, Conr. Pacific Beach. Living in mud
banks.
THE NAUTILUS. 57
Sanguinolaria nuttallii, Conr. False Bay. Mostly dead shells.
Tellina bodegensis, Hinds. Pacific Beach. Single valves.
Metis alta, Conr. False Bay. One example.
Macoma nasuta, Conr. Not rare.
Semele decisa, Conr. Pacific Beach. A single valve.
Semele rupium, Sby. A few beautiful examples.
Lyonsia californica, Conr. False Bay. Fine shells in the drift.
Pandora bicarinata, Cpr. Pacific Beach. Many single valves.
Platyodon cancellatus, Conr. Torrey Pines. Fresh specimens.
Solen rosaceus, Cpr. False Bay. Young specimens.
Parapholas californica, Conr. Not rare with Adula.
Penitella penita, Conr. In soft rock.
Dentalium neohexagonum, S. & P. Pacific Beach. In sand.
*Cadulus quadrifissus, Cpr. One fine shell.
*Cavolinia tridentata, Forsk. Worn specimens.
Actaeon punctocaelatus, Cpr. False Bay. Among the drift.
*Tornatina culcitella, Gld. A single young specimen.
Tornatina cerealis, Gld. False Bay. Abundant in drift.
Bulla gouldiana, Pils. False Bay. Very plentiful.
Haminea vesicula, Gld. False Bay. Empty shells.
Haminea virescens, Sby. South La Jolla. On alga-covered
rocks.
Tylodina fungina, Gabb. On brown algae.
*Pedipes unisulcatus, J. G. C. Several hundred in two days.
Melampus olivaceus, Cpr. False Bay. Abundant with Ceri-
thidea.
Siphonaria peltoides, Cpr. One washed ashore.
Gadinia reticulata, Sby. On the beaches.
Physa sp. indet. In a small reservoir back of the town.
Succinea rustica, Gld. San Diego Mission. On the muddy banks
of a small stream.
Helix aspersa, Muller. I took several dozen to the town and re-
leased them in a garden. Today they may still be found.
Epiphragmophora tudiculata, Binney. Among the roots of cacti.
Epiphragmophora stearnsiana, Gabb. False Bay. A few speci-
mens on the beach, probably washed from Point Loma.
Glyptostoma newberryanum, W. G. B. Plentiful ten miles in-
land.
Terebra simplex, Cpr. Pacific Beach. Uncommon.
58 THE NAUTILUS.
Conus califoraicus, Hds. Plentiful under rocks.
Pleurotoma carpenteriana, Gabb. Torrey Pines. Several dozen.
Drillia moesta, Cpr. Under stones.
Drillia inermis, Hds. Pacific Beach. Several specimens.
Drillia penicillata, Cpr. Mostly dead.
*Mangilia striosa, C. Adams. Fine large specimens.
Caucellaria cooperi, Gabb. Torrey Pines. One example.
Olivella biplicata, Sby. Common in the sand.
Olivella pedroana, Conr. With above.
Marginella jewettii, Cpr. Several worn specimens.
*Marginella pyriformis, Cpr. Plentiful.
Marginella varia, Sby. Living, under stones.
Mitra maura, Swain. Several found living. The pure white
animal contrasts strongly with the dark shell.
Mitromorpha aspersa, Cpr. Rare.
*Mitromorpha filosa, Cpr. Not plentiful.
Siphonalia kellettii, Fbs. Brought in by fishermen.
Macron lividus, A. Adams. Under stones.
Nassa fossata, Gld. One living shell.
Nassa mendica, Gld. Pacific Beach. A few worn specimens.
Nassa mendica, Gld., var. cooperi, Fbs. False Bay. One ex-
ample.
Nassa perpinguis, Hinds. Mostly inhabited by hermit crabs.
Nassa tegula, Rve. False Bay. Common in muddy stations.
Columbella guasapata, Gld. On eel-grass.
Columbella guasapata, Gld., var. carinata, Hds. With above.
Amphissa corrugata, Rve. Several found living.
*Amphissa versicolor, Dall. One shell.
Murex festivus Hds. Under rocks.
Murex incisus, Brod. Common in rock pools.
Murex nuttallii, Conr. Pacific Beach. Many examples.
Ocinebra interfossa, Cpr. On the beaches.
Ocinebra poulsoni, Mutt. Pacific Beach. With Murex festivus.
Ocinebra gracillima, Strs. Among drift.
Trophon belcheri, Hds. Brought in by fishermen.
Monoceros engonatum, Cpr. Not rare.
Monoceros lapilloides, Conr. Several living shells.
Scala crenatoides, Cpr. Crevices of rock.
Scala hindsii, Cpr. Common.
THE NAUTILUS. 59
Scala tincta, Cpr. Young specimens.
Janthina exigua, Lan. Found on beaches after storms.
Janthina ep. indet. False Bay. A single example.
*Eulima micans, Cpr. Several large shells.
*Eulima rutila, Cpr. One specimen.
*Eulima incurva, Ren. Bleached specimens.
Pyramidella conica, Ads., var. variegata, Cpr. A single example.
Turbonilla tridentata, Cooper. Large specimens.
*Odostomia nuciformis, Cpr. One fine shell.
(To be concluded.)
NOTES.
NOTE ON TRIVIA PILULA KIKNER — This minute species, hereto-
fore known particularly through specimens from the Hawaiian
Islands, was described by Kiener in his "Coquilles Vivantes," (no
date, but about 1840) p. 151, pi. 54, f. 2, the habitat being then
unknown. It was mentioned by Reeve (Conch. Iconica, 1845, p. 56,
f. 524*) as a synonym of the very much larger West Indian species,
Tr. globosa Gray. Sowerby in his " Thesaurus Conchyliorum "
(1870), Melvill, in his paper on the "Survey of the Genus Cypraea,
(1888), and Roberts, in his monograph in Tryon's Manual of Conch-
ology" (1885) all followed Reeve in this respect. Weinkauff, how-
ever, in his Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet" of Kuster (1881,
pp. 159, 152), deemed it entitled to specific rank. This view, in
which my study of these species has long since led me to concur, is
is now further confirmed by the opinions of three other conchologists
in the recent " Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl
Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar — Supp. Rept. on the Mol-
luscan Shells, by Robert Standen and Alfred Leicester," (1906).
Among the species found are mentioned both Tr. globosa and Tr.
pilula (by typographical error named as " Tr. fibula "), with the re-
mark added, as to the last named species, that they "agree with
Mr. J. M. Williams (of Liverpool), to whom the specimens were
submitted, that they are not the same as Tr. globosa Gray."
FRED L. BUTTON.
THE ANCET COLLECTION OF SHELLS. — We learn that the col-
lection of shells of the late C. F. Ancey, of Mascara, Algeria, has
60 THE NAUTILUS.
been acquired by Monsieur Geret, Conchologist, 76 rue Faubourg,
St. Denis, Paris, France. This collection, which is one of the most
important in Land and Fresh-water shells, will be sold to suit
the purchaser. Collectors can from now on send to M. Geret to
reserve any species or type which they may desire from this mag-
nificent collection.
ANGELO HEILPKIN.
Professor Angelo Heilprin, the well-known naturalist died in New
York City, July 17. He was born in Hungary, March 31, 1853,
and came to the United States in 1856. He was Professor of In-
vertebrate Paleontology and Geology, (1880-1900), and Curator,
from 1883 to 1892 of the Academy of Natural Sciences, and Pro-
fessor of Geology at the Wagner Free Institute of Science 1885-90.
For several years past he held the Lectureship on Physical Geo-
graphy at Yale University.
While most of the works of Prof. Heilprin pertained to geology
and physical geography, there are a number which are of special
interest to conchologists. " Animal Life of the Seashore," and the
" Bermuda Islands " : a contribution to the physical history and
zoology, both treat extensively of the mollusca. " Explorations on
the West Coast of Florida" (Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Vol.
I). On this expedition the richly fossiliferous pliocene of the Caloo-
sahatchie was discovered and many of the interesting species of
mollusks described, together with a number of those from the
"silex-bearing marl" of Tampa Bay, now classed as Oligocene.
Professor Heilprin has also published numerous papers in the Pro-
ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences. His later works deal
principally with volcanic phenomena, especially Mont Pele"e, where
he was one of the first scientific observers on the ground.
Professor Heilprin possessed to an unusual degree the ability to
interest non-scientific people in scientific matters ; and to the inspira-
tion of his personal teaching many owe the beginnings of a deep
interest in geology, geography and other natural history studies.
Personally, Professor Heilprin was infectiously optimistic and confi-
dent. He successfully organized and led numerous scientific expe-
ditions ; and his death was due to the effects of a tropical fever, con-
tracted on an expedition to the Orinoco river, about a year ago.
THE NAUTILUS XXI
PLATE VIII.
WALKER: PLANORBIS MULTIVOLV1S.
THE NAUTILUS.
VOL. XXI. OCTOBER, 1907. No. 6.
NOTES ON PLANORBIS.— I.
BY BRYANT WALKKR.
PLANORBIS MLLTIVOLVIS Case. Plate VIII.
This species was described by William Case, of Cleveland, O., in
1847 (Am. Jour. Sc. [2], III, p. 101), from specimens collected by
Captain B. A. Stannard, '' in the northern part of Michigan."
Most, if not all, of these specimens, apparently, were given by Case
to Dr. Gould, who distributed a few and deposited the balance in the
collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. Examples
were sent to the Cuming Collection (now in the British Museum),
from which the species was well illustrated in the Conchologia
Iconica by Sowerby, whose figures were copied in the Conchylien
Cabinet.
A single specimen found its way into the Jay Collection now in
the American Museum of Natural History, and another was given
to the Smithsonian Institution. Subsequently Dr. Gould gave sev-
eral specimens to Dr. W. H. Dall, which are now in the National
Museum. So far as I have been able to ascertain, the original lot is
not represented in any other collections.
From that time until 1906 nothing further has been known of the
species. In 1888 (J. of C., V, p. 330), on the authority of the late
Geo. W. Try on, Jr., I announced the re-discovery of the long-lost
species in Marl Lake, Roscommon County, Mich. But a subse-
quent comparison with genuine specimens showed that the identifi-
cation was erroneous. The Marl Lake shells are probably P,
62 THE NAUTILUS.
campanulatus rudentis Ball (See Harrirnan Alaska Exped., XIII,
p. 90).
The citation of P. multivolvis from Newfoundland by Farrer in
1892 (NAUTILUS, VI, p. 36) was, as stated by him, based on a com-
parison with the Marl Lake shells, and his specimens are apparently
referable to the same variety.
Through the kindness of Mr. E. A. Smith I have had the oppor-
tunity of examining specimens in the British Museum from Labrador
labelled " multivolvis." They are not that species, however, but a
form of P. campanulatus.
In the summer of 1906, Dr. Chas. A. Davis of Ann Arbor, Mich.,
while in the field for the State Geological Survey, had the great
good fortune to rediscover the genuine multivolvis on the north shore
of Howe Lake, Marquette County, Mich., about forty miles west of
the City of Marquette. Nine specimens only were obtained. Three
of these are figured on the plate (figs. 4 and 8 to 11) and for com-
parison with them are given figures of one of the original specimens
in the National Museum (figs. 1-3) and of the specimen in the Jay
Collection (figs. 5-7).
Through the kindness of Mr. L. P. Gratacap of the American
Museum, I have been able to make personal comparison of the latter
specimen with those from Howe Lake. As shown by these figures,
there can be no question as to the identity of the Howe Lake shells
with Case's species.
Both of the original specimens figured are apparently much less
elevated than the Howe Lake shells, but the upper whorls of the
" Jay " specimen were badly eroded so that, it was difficult to make
out the exact number of whorls, and the depressed spire of the
National Museum shell is evidently owing to the very irregular
growth, as shown in fig. 3. That some of the original lot were quite
as elevated as the Howe Lake specimen is shown by Sowerby's figure
72«, for comparison with which fig. 4 is given. The dimensions of
this specimen are almost exactly the same as those of Sowerby's
figure, and figure 4 would almost pass as an outline facsimile of the
other.
It is equally clear that multivolvis is a valid species and quite dis-
tinct from campanulatus. Compared with the latter it is distinguished
by its elevated spire with more numerous and narrower whorls and
the wide, deep umbilicus.
THE NAUTIL¥S. 63
An apparent peculiarity of Howe Lake shells is the very irregular
growth. Of the eight 1906 specimens before me only one (fig. 4) is
entirely regular in the coiling of the whorls. Of the others the
shell represented by figs. 9-11 is least distorted and figure 8 is most
so. That this was also a peculiarity of the original lot is shown by
figure 3.
P. multivolvis is apparently a scarce shell in Howe Lake at the pre-
sent time. Two visits there in July, 1907, each involving a careful
search of the entire north shore, only yielded three specimens. It
seems probable that the species lives in comparatively deep water
during the summer and only comes in towards shore, if at all, for
spawning purposes. Such seems to be the habit of the Lymnasidae
in Pine Lake, Marquette County, which I have been familiar with
for more than ten years, and a similar habit has been noticed by
Kirkland in Lymncea miyhelsi in Crystal Lake, Benzie Co., Mich.
(NAUTILUS, XIV, p. 8.)
The dimensions of the specimens figured are as follows :
Major diam. Minor diam. Axis.
Figs. 1-3 14.00mm. 11.50mm. 6.00mm.
Fig. 4 16.25mm. 13.00mm. 9.00mm.
Figs. 5-7 16.25mm. 13.00mm. 7.00 mm.
Fig. 8 18.25mm. 15.25mm. 8.25 mm.
Figs. 9-11 18.00mm. 15.00 mm. 9.00mm.
The actual occurrence of this species in Michigan having thus
been definitely determined, there still remains the question as to the
locality where the type specimens were obtained. Unfortunately,
Capt. Stannard failed to give any definite information on this point,
and after the lapse of sixty years, there is no hope of getting any
exact information. But it is a fair subject for speculation. One
fact is clear, that although but a very small portion of the Upper
Peninsula has as yet been explored conchologically, the work that
has been dons there has, with this one exception, failed to discover
it. The species was described in 1847, and the specimens were
probably collected within a year or two previous to that time. It is
to be borne in mind that at that time the Upper Peninsula was an
unbroken and practically an unknown wilderness. The rapid de-
velopment incident to the growth of the copper, iron and lumber
industries had not begun. Marquette was not settled until 1846,
64 THE NAUTILUS.
and at that time Houghton was only known to the Indians and voy-
ageurs. What little navigation there was on Lake Superior was
between the " Soo " and a few small towns at the upper end of the
lake, such as Eagle Harbor, Bayfield, Ontonogan, etc. Stannard
was at that time captain of a small sailing craft which plied between
these ports. On one of his voyages he discovered the famous rock
in the center of the lake now known as Stannard's Rock. It seems
clear enough, therefore, that the original locality for the Planorbis
must have been somewhere on or near the south shore of the lake.
The Hon. Peter White, who has lived in Marquette since 1849, in-
forms me that the Indians told him that after Stannard discovered
the rock in the middle of the lake, he was very cautious about sail-
ing in stormy weather for fear of getting wrecked on some similar
reef, and that at one time during a heavy stress of weather he took
refuge under the lee of the Huron Islands and remained there for
some days. Now the Huron Islands are only about three miles from
the south shore of the lake, and Howe Lake is less than one mile
inland and almost directly south of the islands. If during his en-
forced stay under the shelter of the islands Stannard had gone
ashore to fish or hunt it is quite conceivable that he reached the
north shore of Howe Lake and there found the shells he afterwards
gave to Case.
While of course this is all speculation based on a mere tradition
of fact, it certainly raises a possibility, at least, that Howe Lake may
have been the original locality for this very interesting species.
And, unless in the years to come, the species shall be found in some
other locality, which seems more likely to be the original place of
discovery, this possibility may prove to be a very good probability.
Note : My last visit to Howe Lake was on August 3d. On
August 28th my sister made another visit to the lake and found
seven more specimens all but one, unfortunately, more or less broken.
During the interval several heavy storms had taken place which
stirred up the lake and no doubt brought the shells in to shore. Of
these specimens only one was irregularly coiled. The others were
all similar to figures 4 and 10 which evidently represent the normal
aspect of the form as it occurs in that locality. Considerable vari-
ation in size is shown, the largest specimen measuring 10fxl7f
and the smallest 7^xl3| mm.
THE NAUTILUS. 65
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE MOLLUSCA FOUND IN THE VICINITY OF
LA JOLLA, SAN DIEGO CO., CAL.
BY MAXWELL SMITH.
(Concluded from p. 59).
Plate VII, view of La Jolla.
*Odostomia pupiformis, Cpr. Mostly worn specimens.
Gyrineum californicum Hds. Pacific Beach. Buried in mud.
Cypraea spadicea, Gray. After violent storms.
Trivia californica, Gray. False Bay. A few living, dead shells
common at La Jolla.
Trivia solandri, Gray. Not rare.
Erato columbella, Menke. In the drift.
Erato vitellina, Hds. Seldom collected alive.
*Triforis adversa, Mont. Fine shells not rare.
Cerithiopfiis tuberculata, Mont. A few small specimens.
*Cerithiopsis rnetaxae, Delia Chiaje. False Bay. A single shell.
Bittium quadrifilatum, Cpr. False Bay. On sponges.
Cerithidea californica, Hald. False Bay. With Melampus.
Caecum californicum, Dall. Uncommon.
Caecum crebricinctum Cpr. Under rocks resting on clean sand.
Vermetus squamigerus, Cpr. Plentiful under stones.
Littorina scutulata, Gld. On the rocks.
Littorina planaxis, Nutt. With above.
^Lacuna unifasciata, Cpr. Plentiful.
*Fossarus tenestratus, Cpr. Rare.
*Rissoa compacta, Cpr. Not often found.
*Rissoina aequisculpta, Cpr. Not often found.
Truncatella californica, Pfr. False Bay. In drift.
Truncatella stimpsoni, Sby. False Bay. With above.
Crucibulum spinosum, Sby. Pacific Beach. Several specimens
have long spines,
Crepidula aculeata, Gmel. On the beaches.
Crepidula navicelloides, Nutt. In aperture of Natica. Identical
with C. plana.
Crepidula onyx, Sby. Pacific Beach. On stones.
Amalthea antiquatus, Linn. Under layers of rock.
Amalthea cranioides3 Cpr. With above.
66 THE NAUTILUS.
*Amalthea tumens, Cpr. Young specimens.
Natica draconis, Dall. Rare with N. lewissii.
Polinices lewissii, Gld. Pacific Beach. Common, below tide.
Polinices recluziana, Desh. Pacific Beach. Abundant at low tide.
Polinices uber, Val. False Bay. A Lower California shell.
Not before reported from California.
Lottia gigantea, Gray. Small specimens plentiful on the rocks.
Acmaea asmi, Midd. On Chlorostoma.
Acmsea scabra, Rve. Not uncommon.
Acmaea incessa, Hds. Several shells, soft parts gone.
Acmsea mitra, Esch. Torrey Pines. One specimen.
Acmaea paleacea, Gld. On eel-grass, common.
Acmsea patina, Esch. Abundant at all times.
Acmasa persona, Esch., var. umbonata, Nutt. Many examples.
Acmsea spectrum, Nutt. On rocks.
Acmsea depicta, Hds. On grasses.
Acmaea rosacea, Cpr. One faded shell.
Phasianella compta, Gld. In drift.
Leptothyra carpenter!, Pils. Two specimens.
Pomaulax undosus, Wood. Many shells at low tide.
Norrisia norrisii, Sby. In algae.
Calliostoma canaliculatum, Mart. One small shell.
Calliostoma tricolor, Gabb. Pacific Beach. Under small round
stones.
Calliostoma gemmulatum, Cpr. Dead shells, rare.
Chlorostoma aureotinctum, Fbs. Not uncommon.
Chlorostoma funebrale, Ad. Many examples.
Chlorostoma gallina, Fbs. Not rare.
*Halistylus pupoides, Cpr. Not common. A northern species.
*Ethalia supravallata, Cpr. Rare.
*Liotia acuticostata, Cpr. Several examples.
Liotia fenestrata, Cpr. Beautiful specimens.
*Vitrinella complanata, Cpr. Three shells.
Haliotis corrugata, Gray. Pacific Beach. One small example.
Haliotis fulgens, Phil. The most abundant Haliotis.
Haliotis rufescens, Swains. Several fine specimens.
Fissurella volcano, Rve. Under stones, common.
Fissuridea murina, Dall. Dead shells.
Lucapina crenulata, Sby. Occasionally found alive.
THE NAUTILUS. 67
*Lucapinella callomarginata, Cpr. Mostly worn shells.
Megatebennus bimaculatus, Ball. In drift.
Mopalia muscosa, Gld. Fine specimens.
Mopalia ciliata, Sby. Several shells.
Nuttallina scabru, Rve. On rocks.
Ischiiochiton conspicuus Cpr. Under flat rocks.
NOTES ON THE CONCHOLOGY OF POCONO MANOE, MONROE CO., PA.
BY JOSHUA L. BAILY, JR.
During the past summer it was my fortune to spend six weeks at
Mt. Pocono, Monroe Co., Pa., the largest mountain summer-resort
in Pennsylvania, and while there had an excellent opportunity to
explore the molluscan fauna of a region which has been neglected
by conchologists heretofore. The Pocono Inn, at which I stayed,
the only hotel on Pocono Manor, is located on Little Pocono Moun-
tain, about 1850 feet above sea-level. From the Inn a fine view
may be had on clear days of the Delaware Water Gap. Three miles
to the westward lies the source of Swiftwater Creek, which after
passing the falls, reaches Lake Minausin, about 500 feet below the
level of the Inn. On the other side of the mountain is a smaller
stream known as Indian Run, which flows into the Swiftwater
about a mile below the lake. The temperature of the water is 45°
F. or lower, except in the lake, where the sun shines on it. Per-
haps this is why I have never been able to find any fresh-water
shells at all during four summers' collecting. And also, as implied
by the name, the water is so swift that no mud settles on the bed
rock, which is always clean. Shells there must be, somewhere, for I
have frequently found clusters of eggs adhering to the aquatic vege-
tation, which is very abundant; but although I have searched the
Swiftwater to its source, and the other stream nearly as far, I have
never been rewarded by finding any of our friends at home when I
called. Last year my brother found one specimen each of an unde-
termined Physa and Pisidium in Paradise Valley, but as this was
five miles from Pocono Manor I will not include them in the list.
With respect to land forms, however, a greater variety is en-
countered. The country is exceptionally rocky, the predominating
rocks being red shale. The soil is very fertile, and in the woods the
68 THE NAUTILUS.
ground is covered several inches deep with decaying leaves. Most
of my collecting was done on hillsides having a northeastern exposure
and at an elevation of about 1550 feet. The list of species follows :
Tebennophorus carolinensis Bosc.
Vitrea indentata Say.
Vitrea hammonis Strom.
Vitrea ferrea Morse.
Zonitoides arborea Say.
Euconulus chersinas polygyratus Pils. Found under decaying
leaves far from the water. Rare.
Pyramidala cronkhitei catskillensis Pils.
Helicodiscus pqrallelus Say.
Polygyra albolabris Say. Exceedingly common in a man-hole on
the pipe line which takes water from the Manor Spring to the Inn.
Polygyra dentifera Say.
Polygyra tridentata Say. Only the typical form. I saw no var.
juxtidens Pils.
Polygyra hirsuta Say. I was much surprised to find this species
only under boards in fields exposed to the sun, and never in shady
places at all.
Polygyra fraterna Say.
Bifidaria pentodon Say.
Cochlicopa lubrica Mull. Although I searched diligently I was
never able to find this species alive, four dead specimens being the
best I could do.
Sucdnea ovalis Say (pbliqua Say). Another shell of which it is
hard to obtain good specimens. The broken shells of this species
are quite common.
Next year I hope to add some more names to this list.
Haverford, Montg. Co., Pa., Sept. 9, 1907.
SHELLS COLLECTED IN NORTHEASTERN MEXICO.
BY A. A. HINKLEY.
The species here listed were collected in December and January
of the past winter. At Tampico land and fresh-water forms were
scarce and had it not been for the rich find in a windrow of river
debris or drift the list would have been much smaller. This drift
THE NAUTILUS. 69
was sifted through a small net and the sittings were worked over
after returning home.
In both Panuco and Taniesi rivers there seemed to be very little
molluscan life. Nearly all the living fresh-water forms listed from
Tampico were taken from small ponds near LaBarra.
The mouth of the Panuco river is protected by jetties, on the gulf
side of which most of the living marine species were taken. Not a
specimen of any species was noticed on the river side of the jetties.
Two days were spent on the beach and jetties, but no other effort
was made to secure the marine forms.
In the vicinity of Valles the land shells were no more plentiful
than about Tampico, but the Valles river was much richer in both
species and individuals than the rivers at Tampico. With two ex-
ceptions the small streams seemed destitute of molluscan life.
It has been thought desirable to publish the full list because the
shell fauna of this part of Mexico is but little known. No informa-
tion has before been published on the marine forms between Texas
and Vera Cruz ; and the only data on the land shells of the region
is contained in Pilsbry's paper on Rhoads' collection, which was
made somewhat further inland, north of the localities here dealt
with. It is likely that some of the old species hitherto credited to
Texas were really taken at or near Tampico, such as Helicina
chrysocheila and Euglandina corneola. The occurrence of Adelo-
poma so far north is remarkable.
The larger part of the species of this list were passed on by Dr.
H. A. Pilsbry. Thanks are also due to Dr. Wm. H. Dall for as-
sistance with some of the marine and fresh-water forms.
MARINE MOLLUSKS.
Spirula spirula (L.). Only broken ones taken. .
Ostrea sp. Scattering young were on the jetties. In different
places along the river and canal are beds of oyster shells exposed
to view, overlaid by the surface soil. These shells are often dug
out and burnt for lime.
Chama arcinella L., odd valves.
Pecten exasperatus Sby., odd and broken valves, common.
Pecten gibbus irradians Lam., odd valves.
Pecten nodosus Linn., broken valves.
Pecten raveneli Dall (?), one lower valve.
70 THE NAUTILUS.
Mytilus hamatus Say, common on the jetties.
Mytilus exustus Linn., associated with hamatus, from which it is
easily separated by its finer striae and smaller size.
Modiola polita Verrill, 3 young specimens.
Congeria cochleata Kirby, found among clusters of M. hamatus as
if seeking protection.
Area floridana Conrad, odd and broken valves were plentiful.
Area incongrua Say, 3 living specimens taken, odd valves common.
Area occidentalis Ph., odd valves and pieces.
Phacoides pectinatus Gmel., odd and broken valves.
Cardita floridana Conrad, odd valves plentiful.
Cardium iscoardia Linn., odd and broken valves common.
Cardium magnum Born, odd valves common.
Cardium robustum Sol. (?), one young odd valve.
Dosinia discus Reeve, a few living ones taken, dead ones common.
Donax variabilis Say, one of the most plentiful species on the
beach both living and dead.
Chione cancellata L., odd valves.
Chione intapurpurea Conrad, odd valves.
Tellina radiata Linn., odd valves.
Macoma constricta Brug., odd valves.
Iphigenia braziliana Lam., a few live ones taken.
Martesia cuneiformis Say. An old water-logged banana stalk
thrown up by the tide, contained a number of nice specimens which
were secured by the aid of a knife ; also the shell-lined burrows of a
Teredo were in this stalk.
Pinna sp., broken pieces.
Siphonaria lineolata Orbigny., numerous on the rocks of the jetties.
Crepidula aculeata Gmel., one poor specimen.
Cerithidea iostoma Pfr., a few dead specimens.
Terebra cinerea Gmelin. Living ones were common, mostly quite
young, exposed to view as the waves receded, always turning head
toward the current and immediately burying themselves in the sand.
Natica duplicata Say, one young specimen.
Natica brunnea Link, two dead and not mature.
Columbella obesa C. B. Adams, three found on a log thrown up
by the tide.
Melongena melongena L., one specimen, dead and poor.
Purpura haemastoma Linn., common on the rocks of the jetty, no
full-grown ones found.
THE NAUTILUS. 71
Modulus modulus L., a few poor specimens noticed.
Littorina nebulosa Lam., var. columellaris Orbigny. A few were
found on logs along the beach, but it is common on the jetties. Dr.
Ball referred it to L. flaya. Pilsbry says " L. flava is very thick
inside the lip, exactly like irrorata.. It resembles nebulosa in color,
but is evidently a distinct species close to irrorata. I have never
seen L.flava from north or west of Trinidad."
Littorina ziczac Dillwyn., very numerous on the jetties.
Cassis inflata Shaw, two young and dead.
Nerita prfecognita C. B. Adams, three on the rocks of the jetty.
Neritina lineolata Lam. Plentiful in low places along the river
and young ones were found on the gulf side of the jetties.
Neritina virginea L., a few were found with lineolata on one jetty.
Solarium granulatum Lam., two dead specimens.
Fissurella alternata Say, a few dead ones.
Vermicularia spirata Phil., young and dead.
Melampus coffea L., a few immature specimens.
Melampus floridanus Shuttl. Only a few specimens of this small
species were found. Dr. Dall referred them to young Tralia cingu-
lata Binney.
HELICINID^E.
Helicina chrysocheila Binney. Tampico and Valles. Scattering
specimens were found over considerable territory. The species is
very variable in color. Dead specimens were numerous in some
places.
Helicina flavida Mke. This species was found only in the drift
on the river bank, mostly dead.
Schasicheila hidalgoana Dall. El Abra, on the mountain side
with Opeas and Holospira, only 3 taken.
HELICID^E.
Trichodiscina coactiliata Fer. Tampico, in drift.
Praticolella griseola Pfr. This was the most widely distributed
species found. It seems to prefer the open fields and pastures.
Polygyra martensiana Pils. Tampico and Valles.
Polygyra oppilata Moric. Tampico and Valles.
Polygyra implicata Beck. Tampico.
Polygyra polita Pilsbry and Hinkley. Tampico.
Polygyra aulacomphala Pils. and Hinkley. Tampico.
72 THE NAUTILUS.
Thysanophora conspurcatella Morel. El Abra, found with Opeas.
Thysanophora fischeri Pilsbry. Tampico, drift.
Thysanophora horni Gabb. Tampico, drift. " Not before known
from the littoral region of the Gulf " (Pilsbry}.
BULIMULID^E.
Bulimulus dealbatus Say. A few dead specimens noticed in the
vicinity of Valles.
Bulimulus schiedeanus Pfr. One dead specimen, Tampico.
Drymseus multilineatus Say. Valles. A few dead ones with
colors nearly as bright as in life. Pilsbry says " The specimens are
almost exactly intermediate between D. multilineatus and D. dis-
crepans Sowb., having the coloration of the latter except that the
apex is dark bluish, as in multilineatus. There is no dark subsutural
band."
(To be concluded.}
NOTES.
WE regret to record the death of Mr. Sloman Rous, of Brooklyn,
N. Y., who died at sea on July 8th.
PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.
THE MOLLUSCA OF THE PERSIAN GULF, GULF OF OMAN AND
ARABIAN SEA, ETC.*— Pt. II, Pelecypoda, by James Cosmo Melvill
and Robert Standen. (Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1906, pp. 783-
848, pis. 53-56.)
In this part some 426 species are enumerated, of which 35 species
are new. The richness of the fauna is dwelt upon, the total number
of mollusca recorded from this area being 1618. The two parts
constitute a valuable addition to our knowledge of mollusks of this
region.
NEW AND CHARACTERISTIC SPECIES OF FOSSIL MOLLUSKS
FROM THE OIL-BEARING TERTIAKY FORMATIONS OF SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA, by Ralph Arnold. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXII,
pp. 525-546, pis. 38-51, 1907.)
An interesting and profusely illustrated paper, in which 21 species
and varieties are described as new. The geological formations
represented are the Lower Miocene and Pliocene.
THE NAUTILUS.
VOL. XXI. NOVEMBER, 1907. No. 7.
EYES OF HELICGDISCUS LINEATUS.
BY EDWARD S. MORSE.
Last year in studying the eyes of the smaller Helices I discovered
that Eelicodiscus lineatus was destitute of any pigmental organ
functioning as an eye. A further examination with a higher power
reveals apparently rudiments of a structure which may indicate the
traces of an eye but not the slighest evidence of pigmentation was
seen. The body and tentacles are a clear white.
In the volume on Mollusks in the Cambridge Natural History
series the Rev. A. H Cooke gives an interesting resume of what is
known of the molluscan eye. He says, " In land mollusca which
live beneath the surface, of the ground or in absolute darkness the
eyes are generally more or less modified. Thus in Testncella, which
usually burrows deeply in the soil but occasionally emerges into the
open air, the eyes are very small, but distinct and pigraented. Our
little Gaecilianella acicula, which is never seen above the surface, is
altogether destitute of eyes. A species of Zospeum, a Helix and a
Bithynella from dark caves in Carniola have suffered a similar loss."
The habits of H. lineata do not differ apparently from the other
smaller species with which it is associated. I hope later to make
some experiments in photo taxis,
74 THE NAUTILUS.
CAPE COD NOTES.
BY. REV. HENRY W. WINKLEY.
The month of July was spent at Provincetown. August at the
head of Buzzard's Bay. Unfortunately without a dredge, I can
report only low tide results. The hook on the end of Cape Cod
is, geologically speaking, a late formation, composed entirely
of coarse sand with limited vegetation ; hence not a paradise for
land and fresh-water forms. I examined two fresh-water ponds but
found no shells. On the land Helix hortensis has a colony. No
banded forms were found. The lemon-yellow and a very light
nearly transparent form are the chief colorings. The latter com-
pared with the specimens of this species found by Mr. C. W. John-
son, at Chatham, are of the same color but more nearly transparent.
While the Cape is not an absolute barrier between northern and
southern forms, it is usually counted as a boundary. Provincetown
being at the tip end, I was curious to know its fauna, and can
pronounce it southern. Bittium nigrum and Odostomia trifida,
bisuturalisifusca, semfniida, and an undescribed species occur more
or less abundantly. Both Lunatia heros and Neverita duplicata occur
OH the sand flats. Litorinella minuta is abundant but small. Mya
arenaria, living in the clean sand, is abundant and the whitest shells
I ever saw. Venus mercenaria, Clidiophora gouldiana and other
forms show the general character of the fauna. Without attempting
to make a detailed list, the forms are the same one would find south
of the Cape. Purpura lapillus, living on the wharves, gave a few
curiosities. Several specimens of deep yellow color in last year's
growth had changed in this year's addition to pure white.
The outer side of Cape Cod is the home of Geronia arctata. A
visit to Highland Light at North Truro gave me a half hour at high
tide, but I found a good set of the species and of fine large size.
Odd valves of Astarte castanea show that it abounds. One or two
specimens of Cochlodesma leanum demonstrate its home there.
A day spent at Woods Holl gave me an hour's collecting at low
tide in the eel pond. The only record I would make would be one
or two species of Turbonilla secured from a row boat. It is the first
time I have ever collected any species of this genus in shallow water.
My headquarters during August were at Wareham on an arm of
THE NAUTILUS. 75
Buzzard's Bay, not quite on the Cape but near enough. As Pat
says, " contagious " to it. The marine forms here are affected by
brackish water. In one arm I could get Ilyanassa obsoleta in abund-
ance, but failed to find Bittium and the Odostomias. In another
arm with the fresh water they occur, but more or less eroded. A
colony of fine specimens of Paludestrina salsa occurs in a pot hole on
the marsh, and my daughter, Miss Ruth Winkley, located the same
form sparingly among the flags along the border of the Agawam
river at East Wareham. More should be said of the fresh-water
collecting. The Agawam river is rich in specimens. Unio com-
planatus abundant and large, Anodonta cataracta occasional, and
Anodonta implicata abundant and the finest specimens I have seen.
My largest is 6|- inches long and weighs 5^ ounces. (Gould gives
the largest as 4^ inches long.) Sphaerium secure is very abundant.
I obtained an unusually fine series of Anodonta beaks at this spot.
On the whole I may say that a section of this stream is the richest
in animal life I have ever seen in New England.
Ditches in the older cranberry bogs and small brooks abound in
specimens of Pisidium, and Amnicola limosa and porata occur
sparingly. Other fresh-water species occur like Planorbis, Physa,
etc., but they are in better form earlier in the season, so I neglected
them. I failed to find land shells. It has been an exceedingly dry
season, and that may be the reason. I regret that I had no dredge
with me. The good results from shore collecting would indicate the
same from deeper waters.
A NEW SPECIES OF FLITMINICOLA.
BY H. A. PILSBRY.
The genus Fluminicola of Stimpson comprises globose, Somato-
gyrus-\\ke snails of streams and springs in and west of the Rocky
Mountains. A list published by the writer in 1899 J enumerates
seven species and one subspecies. A new form was among the
mollusks collected by the late Rev. Mr. Ashmun in Idaho, during
the last year of his life.
lrrhe NAUTILUS, XII, March, 1899, pp. 123, 124.
76 THE NAUTILUS.
FLUMINICOLA MINUTISSIMA n. sp. Plate IX, fig. 1.
The shell is perforate, obliquely globose, thin, smooth, olivaceous
yellowish, composed of three rapidly enlarging whorls, which are
convex, and separated by an impressed suture, which becomes very
deep in the last half-whorl. The spire is very short, the summit
obtuse, the first whorl being nearly flat. The last whorl enlarges
rapidly, and is well rounded peripherally, less so below ; its last half
descends rapidly. The aperture is quite oblique, nearly circular, but
is angular above. The outer lip is thin, distinctly retracted at the
upper insertion ; the slightly concave colutnella is very strongly
calloused within, flattened on the face. Below the umbilical per-
foration there is a narrow, crescentic, slightly excavated area,
bounded outwardly by a low angle.
Alt. 1.5, diam. 1.75 mm.
Price Valley, Weiser Canyon, Washington Co., Idaho. Types
'no. 94273 A. N. S. P., collected by the Eev. E. H. Ashmun.
This species is smaller than any other of the genus, and is further
distinguished by its very short spire and the rapid descent of the last
half whorl. The columellar callus is unusually heavy for so small
a shell.
SHELLS COLLECTED IN NORTHEASTERN MEXICO.
BY A. A. HINKLET.
BULIMUMD^E.
Oxystyla princeps Brod. Tampico and Valles. Only dead
specimens secured.
UROCOPTID^E.
Macroceramus mexicanus Martens. El Abra.
Holospira hinkleyi Pils. El Abra, on the mountain side with
Opeas.
PUPILLID^E.
Strobilops hubbardi A. D. Brown. Tampico, scarce in drift.
Pupoides marginatps Say. Tampico, drift.
Bifidaria contracta Say. Tampico, drift, the most abundant
species.
Bin'daria pellucida Pfr., var. hordeacella Pils. Tampico, drift,
almost as numerous as B. contracta.
THE NAUTILUS. 77
Bificlnria procera GUI. Tampico, found under pieces of wood in
an open field, also in the drift.
Vertigo miliurn Gould. Tampico, two specimens in the drift.
ACHATINID.E.
Opeas gracile Hutton. El Abra, plentiful on the mountain side.
Opeas beckianum Pfr. Tampico, drift.
Opeas micra Orb. Tampico, drift.
Leptinaria tamaulipensis Pils. Tampico, scarce in the drift.
Leptinaria mexicana Pfeiflf'er. Tampico, drift.
Spiraxis tampicoensis Pils.1 Tampico, drift, numerous.
Cecilioides (Ca^cilianopsis) jod Pils. Tampico, drift.
OLEACINIDJE.
Euglandina corneola Binn. Yalles, a few dead ones.
Euglandina texusiana Pfr. Tampico and Valles, found about de-
caying logs, the most plentiful species of this family. Pilsbry says
" Not G. turris. I find that they agree fully with Texas examples."
Euglandina sp. Valles.
Streptostyla gracilis Pils. Tampico and Valles, dead specimens.
Salasiella joaquinse Strebel. El Abra, one specimen.
ZONITiDjE.
Guppya elegans Strebel. Tampico, a few in the drift.
Zonitoides minuscula Binney. Tampico, numerous in the drift.
Zonitoides singleyana Pils. Tampico, common in the drift.
Zonitoides pentagyra Pils. Tampico, drift.
Zonitoides elegantula Pfr. Tampico, drift. This minute species
was not plentiful. Pilsbry says <4 This is Helix ele</antu!a Pfr., very
badly figured as CJianomphalus eleyantulus, by Strebel. Hitherto
not known north of Vera Cruz. It has about the size and general
appearance of a Radiodiscus, but the embryonic whorl is without
spiral striae."
LIMACIDJE.
Agriolimax sp. undet. Valles, scarce.
ENDODONTID^E.
Pyramidula victoriana Pils. Tampico, in the drift, mostly im-
mature examples.
1This species appears to belong to the genus Coelostele, which has not hith-
erto been known in America. — ED.
78 THE NAUTILUS.
Succinea luteola Gould. In the vicinity of Tampico this species
was numerous in a pasture ; near Valles they were found along the
wagon road, but more plentiful on a railroad embankment. They
are richly colored, reddish with pale and dark streaks ; some albino
specimens were taken.
Succinea luteola Gld., var. subtilis Marts. Valles; only two
examples taken.
Succinea sp. Tampico. Found in a loose pile of decaying vege-
tation and on the skull of a cow. The specimens taken are not
quite as large as S. luteola, and are thinner.
VERONICELLIDJS.
Veronicella sp. Valles ; scarce, in shaded places.
CYCLOSTOMATID^E.
Adelopoma stolli Martens. Tampico. A single specimen found
in the drift. Pilsbry says " This small species was described by
Prof. Von Martens as Diplommatina stolli. This example is a little
smaller than typical stolli, with weaker ribs and less swollen penult.
whorl. The last whorl is gibbous above the columella, a character
not noticed by Von Martens in his description of stolli. The num-
ber of riblets is about the same as in stolli, or perhaps somewhat
greater. Until further examples are found the value of these differ-
ences from stolli is uncertain."
LYMN^EID^E.
Lymnaea cubensis Pfr. Valles. Taken from a pool by the
roadside.
Planorbis cultratus Orb. Tampico. This small flat species was
noticed in but one place ; they were taken from the edge and under-
side of a piece of board and other driftwood lying on the land near
the edge of a small pond. A few Seg. obstructa were taken with
them.
Planorbis liebmanni Dkr. Tampico and Valles ; only dead speci-
mens found in river debris.
Planorbis sp. Tampico. A very small form found in the drift.
Segmentina obstructa Morelet. Tampico and Valles. A com-
mon species in ponds ; dead ones were numerous in places in the
drift.
THE NAUTILUS. 79
Physa mexicana Phil. Tampico and Valles. Young shells were
numerous in some of the shallow pools, the larger ones being rather
scarce.
Physa osculans Hald., var. rhyssa Pils. Roadside pool near
Valles with Lym. cubensis, the only place these two species were
found. Differs from P. mexicana in having a more attenuate spire,
one more whorl, and the body whorl is less inflated.
Physa sp. This is thicker than the P. mexicana and has the
chestnut-colored callus within the outer lip, which in the larger
examples shows at previous stages of growth.
Ancylus excentricus Morelet. Found on plants in Tamesi and
Valles rivers ; scarce ; a fragile species.
VALVATID^E.
Valvata humeralis Say. Valles river.
AMNICOLIDJE.
Cochliopa riograndensis Pils. & Ferr. Valles river. More ele-
vated than Valvata humeralis and differs from it in having several
colored spiral lines, giving it a striking resemblance to a small Helix.
The operculum and teeth, examined by Dr. Pilsbry, show it to be
correctly referred to Cochliopa. The aperture is angular above, thus
differing from that of Valvata.
Amnicola guatemalensis C. & F. Tampico, on pieces of wood in
ponds.
Amnicola tryoni Pilsbry. Tampico, drift ; a smaller species than
guatemalensis.
Potamopyrgus coronatus Pfr. Tamesi river, Tampico. The
spines on the shoulder are well developed for so small a species.
Potamopyrgus coronatus texanus Pils. Valles river, only two
examples secured, they do not show the spines.
Paludestrina tampicoensis Pils. & Hinkl. Tampico.
MELANIIDJS.
Pachycheilus vallesi Hinkley. Plentiful in the Valles river.
UNIONID^E.
Unio tampicoensis Lea. Valles river.
Unio popei Lea. Valles river. Pilsbry says of these shells " I
think they are correctly referred to popei Lea, as a variety. It
differs from typical Texan popei in the dark nacre and the more dis-
tinct green rays. It is related also to U. soledadensis Crosse &
80 THE NAUTILUS.
Fischer, but differs in the wide posterior end and the distinct rays.
U. soledadensis was omitted by Simpson, evidently inadvertently.
It should go in the Synopsis next to U. popei."
Unio sp. Valles river. The most plentiful Vnw found. Dall
referred it to soledadensis. Pilsbry says " A new species, related to
popei, yet with some features of U. medetlimis."
CYRENID^E.
Cyrena carolinensis Bosc. Panuco river, Tampico ; found but few.
Cyrena germana Prime. Panuco river, Tampico. A single ex-
ample, more compressed, and lighter colored, but possibly intergrades
with carolinensis.
Pisidium singleyi Sterki. Valles river ; Valles and drift of
Panuco river, Tampico.
Eupera singleyi Pils. Valles river, Valles ; and Tamesi river,
Tampico.
MACTRID^E.
Mulinia lateralis Say. Panuco river.
PELSENEER'S TREATISE ON MOLLUSC A.
A TREATISE ON ZOOLOGY, edited by E. Ray Lankester, PART
V, MOLLUSCA, by Paul Pelseneer, London, 1906. This admirable
book, of 355 pages, should be studied by every conchologist, although
it is not quite elementary, and some fundamental knowledge of
zoology is required to fully understand it. The text is well illus-
trated by 301 figures, partly diagrammatic, many of them from Prof.
Lankester's article " Mollusca " in the ninth edition of the Encyclo-
pedia Britannica, 1883. It is interesting to note the considerable
changes of classification from Lankester's article to the present book.
The editor of the NAUTILUS may permit to cite the main groups
here, side by side :
LANKESTER, 1883.
Branch A. Glossophora.
Class 1. Gastropoda.
Br. a. Isopleura.
Br. b. Anisopleura.
Class 2. Scaphopoda.
Class 3. Cephalopoda.
Br. a. Pteropoda.
Br. b. Siphonopoda.
Branch B. Lipocephala.
Class 1. Lamellibranchia.
PELSENEER, 1906.
Grade A. Isopleura.
Class I. Amphineura.
Grade B. Prorhipidoglossomorpba.
Class I. Gastropoda.
Class II. kScapbopoda.
Class III. Lamellibranchia.
Grade C. Siphonopoda.
Class I. Cephalopoda.
THE NAUTILUS. 81
It is seen that the PTEKOPODA have disappeared as a division of
higher order; they are ranged under two tribes of the sub-order
Tecfibranc/tia, order Opisthobranchia, of Gastropoda (pp. 170 and
173).
Many conchologists and zoologists may be surprised to find the
class Lamellibranchia * ranged under the same group with the Gas-
tropoda and Scaphopoda, as in contrast to the Isopleura and the
Siphonopoda. It still appears that the arrangement as adopted by
Lankester and other zoologists, is more natural : Lipocephala or
Acephala, and Cephalophora. Not alone is the presence or absence
of a head a distinguishing feature. On pp. 6—7 the author says :
" the radula is characteristic of the phylum mollusca. It exists
throughout the series . . . and is only absent in the most specialized
types, in which it has evidently been lost, such as ... the Larnelli-
branchs . . ." If it was lost in the latter there should be traces of
it in the embryo, the more so since the embryonal and larval stages
of at least many Lamellibranchia are of very well marked forms and
existing as such through a long time and under various conditions.
Also for other reasons it might appear that the Lamellibranchia are
not a specialized or retrograde group, e, g., from the Gastropoda or
some primitive form near them, as must be inferred from Pel-
seneer's arrangement, but one primitively different. At any rate, I
believe that they represent a group of decidedly inferior organiza-
tion, and that their proper place is not in the same group with the
Gastropoda, and between the latter and the Cephalopoda. The
formation, and especially the functions of the ctenidia (branchiae),
are certainly significant ; 2 and although the Lamellibranchiata have
been decidedly, and as it seems, definitely separated from the
Bryozoa, etc., the fact should not be overlooked that the branchias of
the former have not only the same functions — principally nutritive
— as the tentacles of the latter, but that, in many instances at least,
the filaments are of similar formation, even to minute details.
Something else might be said in this connection : it is the tendency
of our day to found classification on a single organ, or organ sys-
tem— rather than on the ensemble of the whole organization.
1 On p. 197 the author says that the name Scaphopoda has been more gen-
erally used than Solenoconc/ta, for the sake of uniformity ; for that same reason
he might have adopted the name Pelecypoda in place of Lamellibranchia (better:
Lamellibranchiata) .
2 Confer also Lankester 1. c., pp. 684 and 685.
82 THE NAUTILUS.
While studying the book I made some notes on minor items, and
a few of them may be mentioned here.
A somewhat strange incongruity is shown in the synoptic tables
at the head of each class, that of the Isopleura is carried down to
families, those of Gastropoda and Lamellibranchia to sub-orders (the
tribes of the former are omitted), that of Cephalopoda to tribes. In
a general way, the grouping is carried down to genera, giving shorter
or longer diagnoses of the latter where it seemed desirable.
Pp. 7 and 89-91. Radula. It should have been stated that the
radula with its teeth is constantly formed anew, and advancing ;
while the teeth at the anterior end are becoming blunt and useless,
and dropping off, new teeth at the posterior end are formed. The
whole radula is renewed several and probably many times during
the life of a snail. Also it should have been said that at least in
some Gastropods and probably in many of them, the first teeth on
the radula of the embryo are of a shape entirely different from those
of the post-embryonal animal.
P. 18. " The otocysts . . . contain auditory granules or otoli-
thes." But in closing the paragraph, the author says : " through
them the creeping molluscs preserve their orientation and swimming
molluscs their equilibrium." I would emphatically endorse the latter
view, as against the otocysts being auditory organs, their structure as
well as location, in most mollusca, seems to point in that direction.
P. 186. Physidse ..." with a narrow aperture." How does that
agree with forms like our Ph. ancillaria, etc. ? Nothing is said
about the radula so very different from those of other Basommato-
phora.
P. 186. Zonites evidently comprises1 Zonites s. str., Zonitoides-}-
Gastrodonta, Hyalina, etc., (conf. p. 129, 1. 4, Zon. cellarius) ; no
mention is made of the differences of the genitalia, the foot, the
radula, etc.
P. 187. Helix also is understood in the ancient, Pfeifferian sense,
with " more than 4,000 species, a large number of sub-genera have
been established," and some of them are cited. Macroon with its
immense (probably meroblastic) ova might have been mentioned.
P. 188. Papa, " shell cylindrical, dextral with obtuse summit
. . . ." This will fit most of the Pupilla, Orcula, etc. ; but how
about most of the Torquilla, Bifidaria, Pupoides, etc., which are
evidently included ?
1 According to English-French conchological — not political — coalition.
THE NAUTILUS. 83
P. 253. "There are 1,000 Unionidae," pp. 267-268, " Unio,
Retzius, shell thick, hinge toothed [sic !]. This genus includes more
than a thousand species." Seven other genera are cited, e. g., Ano-
dotila, Qnadrula, but Lampsilis is not, although mentioned on p. 240.
(A few points on the morphology and anatomy of Unionidx will be
reviewed elsewhere). That the larval embryo of the Mutelidse is a
lasidium, might have been added.
P. 251. In fig. 228 A it is surprising to find the brush- or candle-like
processes of the soft parts of a glochidium designated as " teeth of
the shell "(S); the figure and explanation are taken over from
Lankester's article (fig. 149 A), after Balfour.
These few criticisms on details do not mean to detract from the
merits of the book in a general way. It cannot reasonably be ex-
pected that a man writing a book on a certain large group of ani-
mals be familiar with every detail. V. STERKI.
FREDERICK STEARNS.
Frederick Stearns was born in 1832, and died in January of the
present, year. He was the founder of one of the greatest pharma-
ceutic establishments in this country. In 1887 Mr. Stearns retired
from active business partly for the purpose of recuperating his
health, which too strenuous devotion to business had somewhat
impaired. The following years were devoted to travel abroad.
Always observant and critical, he began as an amateur collector,
and among his earliest achievements in this line is a magnificent
collection of Japanese and Korean art objects, some 16,000 of which
he donated to the Detroit Museum of Art — having a few years pre-
viously by his money and influence assisted in building the fine
museum itself. Various smaller collections, such as coins, precious
stones, etc., claimed his attention for a time. Then he took up con-
chology and devoted his time and money for several years to what
was to him an absorbing diversion, and to science a work of great
value. Over 10,000 species of shells classified and arranged in
systematic order and catalogued are in the Detroit Museum as a
monument to his activity in this line of human endeavor — almost a
life-work in itself. His book, " Marine Mollusks of Japan," on which
Dr. H. A. Pilsbry of Philadelphia collaborated, is a standard work
based on his collection.
84 THE NAUTILUS.
A considerable number of Japanese shells named after Mr. Stearns
remind students of his labors on that fauna. Among invertebrates
of other groups, he discovered Scalpellum stearnsi, a very large and
handsome pedunculate barnacle.
SLOMAN ROUS.
Slomun Rous died at sea July 8, 1907. Mr. Rous had been ill
for several months, and upon the advice of physicians resolved to
return to his old home in South Africa at Port Elizabeth. He
arrived at Southampton, and died when two days out from England
on his way to Africa. He became very ill in the morning of July
8th, and expired in less than two hours.
Mr. Rous was born August 3, 1838, in England. He had lived
the greater part of his active life in South Africa, where previous to
the Boer war he accumulated a small fortune. The embargo, or
what practically amounted to that, imposed by the Boers on im-
ported articles ruined his business. He then came to the United
States, which he had previously visited and, bringing with him a
valuable collection of shells, opened a store in Jersey City, after-
wards transferred to Brooklyn. He became well-known among
collectors. His shells were desirable species, and the accuracy of
his identifications was unquestioned. In South Africa he had
devoted his leisure time to the gratification of his love of natural
history. He made very important collections of South African
insects, a large part of whicli were unfortunately destroyed, and he
also contributed to a knowledge of the molluscan life of the Cape and
the neighboring coasts. Many species of shells bear his name, and
he almost or quite alone among dealers possessed specimens of the rare
Achatina {Cochlitoma) linterce, the locality of which is now deserted.
During the last five years of his life he was attached to the De-
partment of Conchology in the American Museum of Natural
History, New York. He was painstaking to the last degree, en-
thusiastic and discriminating. When disabled by his sickness — an
asthmatic affection — he was engaged in studying the revision of the
Amphibolidae, and was also at work revising the nomenclature of
the collection of land shells.
Mr. Rous was a man distinctively strong and independent in
thought, agreeable in address, and unfailingly courteous and con-
siderate.— L. P. GKATACAP.
THE NAUTILUS.
VOL. XXII. DECEMBER, 19O7. No. 8.
ON A CYMATIUM NEW TO THE CALIFORNIAN FAUNA.
BY WM. H. BALL.
Having heard from Dr. R. H. Tremper that he had recently
obtained from the fishermen of San Pedro, a species of Cymatium
which could not be referred to any of the forms heretofore known
from that region, he was requested to send the specimens for exam-
ination.
A careful study of it shows that it is different from any member of
the group previously known from either coast of America, but so
close to the Mediterranean " Triton " corrugatus Lamarck, that
it seems impossible to separate it more than varietally.
Cymatium corrugatum var. Tremperi nov. Shell agreeing closely
with C. corrugatum except in the following particulars : the perios-
tracum in the latter is light colored, velvety, with the processes or
hairs of a uniformly even length ; in Tremperi it is blackish-brown,
coarse, lamellose with, on the varices, strong, sparse, projecting hairs
reaching 6 mm. in length. In all the specimens I have examined of
the Mediterranean shell, there are, between the revolving primary
ribs, numerous small subequal minor threads; while in Tremperi
there are in the channels only one or two coarse, irregular, markedly
larger riblets. The other differences are all apparently of an
individual character. The shell measures : length 85 ; aperture,
including the canal, 36 ; max. diam. 38 mm. There are five rather
prominent axial ribs on the last whorl between the last pair of vari-
ces. The operculum is exactly like that of the Mediterranean form.
86 THE NAUTILUS.
The animal was alive when captured, and was brought up from a
depth of about 42 fathoms, bottom temperature about 51° Fahr.
I have not been able to compare it with the C. Krebsi Mb'rch of the
Antilles, which is said to have a short spire.
The discovery of this species adds another to the list of Mediter-
ranean forms which reappear either directly or by closely related
varieties or species, on the Pacific coast, attention to which had been
called already by the late Dr. Philip Carpenter. Among them are :
California. Mediterranean.
Cymatium var. tremperi, C. corrugatum,
Leptothyra carpenter!, L. sanguinea,
Gibbula canfieldi, G. adriatica,
Williamia peltoides, W. gussoni,
Arctonchis borealis, A. celtica,
Leda cuneata, L. cuneata,
Crenella decussata, C. decussata,
Verlicordia novemcoslata, V. novemcostata,
Lima orientalis, L. tenera,
Zirphaea crispata, Z. crispata,
Platidia anomioides, P. anomioides.
To these many more might be added without stretching the com-
parisons unduly.
A NEW MEXICAN MUSSEL, LAMPSILIS FIMBRIATA.
BY' L. S. FRIERSON.
LAMPSILIS FIMBRIATA, n. sp.
Shell large, elliptical, thin, and compressed. Dorsal line incurved
in front of the beaks. Anterior margin somewhat obtruded, and
obtusely pointed or sharply elliptically curved. Basal margin nearly
straight, occasionally slightly arcuated. Posterior margin broadly
roundly biangular. Beaks low, and without sculpture. Posterior
ridge elevated, rounded and obsolete. The greatest diameter of
the shell being about the center of the ridge. Sides flattened, and
generally somewhat constricted in the middle. Behind the posterior
ridge, down the siphonal area extends a raised line, enclosing a tri-
angular area (having its apex at the beak) which is sculptured
THE NAUTILUS XXI
PLATE XII.
LAMPS1LIS F1BRIATA.
L. FIMBRIATA. L. 1RIDELLA.
THE NAUTILUS. S7
with small pustules arranged in upcurved lines. Epidermis
yellow, horn color, sometimes obsoletely rayed, on the posterior slope.
The shell would seem to be nearly smooth, but in all the specimens
seen there are numerous irregular, radial, pit-like impressions and
concentric striae, and shallow sulci. The radial impressions or pits,
extend through the shell, and are visible inside and out. Hinge
ligament, stout and rather long. Muscle scars well marked, separate
in front, confluent behind. Teeth stout, double in the left, and
single in the right valve. Beak cavities shallow, with a row of
muscle scars running downward, forward and onto the base of the
cardinal tooth. Nacre white, flesh color or dark purple, very
irregularly laid on, and very thin. Except in old shells, the pris-
matic structure extends far beyond the nacre, and the epidermal
layer, in turn, extends still further.
Length 80, height 47, diameter 25 mm.
Habitat : Valles River. — Collected by MR. A. A. HINKLEY.
A cotype in coll. A. N. S. Phila., measures, length 81, height 51,
diam. 22 mm.
The shell is not related very closely to any species that I know of.
In fact I am undetermined whether to place it in Lampsilis or in
Nephronaias. In the absence of any data regarding the animal, it
is provisionally placed in Lampsilis. Mr. Hinkley informs me that
it is near to, if not identical with an undescribed species labeled by
Mr. Chas. F. Simpson as Lampsilis salinasensis, which however Mr.
Simpson has not described, and which he informed me, he does not
intend doing.
The prismatic layer is ^ inch wide at the edge in some cases.
This peculiarity accounts for the pitting, and numerous irregular
sulcations being, it is evident not normal, but the result of numer-
ous accidents which befall the extremely delicate edge of the shell.
Plate 12, two upper figures represent the type specimen ; lower
left-hand figure is a young shell.
THE GRAVID PERIODS OF UNIOS.
BY CHARLES H. CONNER.
About four years ago, I began to collect systematically data rela-
tive to the gravid periods of Unios. Some of the results are pre-
sented herewith, in the hope that they will be of interest.
88 THE NAUTILUS.
The scene of most of my observations has been along the Delaware
river and Big Timber creek, in the vicinity of Newbold and Wash-
ington Park, New Jersey.
All along the extensive flats there mussels abound, and their empty
shells lie scattered along the banks in thousands.
For the purpose of these observations I have made it a point to
patrol that section at low tide some time during every month of the
year.
The work has been attended by many disadvantages, otherwise I
should have been able to present a complete record of the matter.
The varying periods during which the glochidia are extruded by
the various species, tends (so it appears to me) to effect their distri-
bution ; those spawning when fish are migrating, for instance, would
have their distribution extended farther, or more rapidly than other
species. Of the species hereabouts, Unio complanatus (Sol.), has
given me the best results for the labor expended. My records show
that they are gravid but once annually, from April— May to July-
August, or, approximately, during four months ot the year.
I have found Lampsilis radiatus (Gmelin), and Unio nasutus
(Say) gravid all the year around. Both appear to spawn in June
and November, if not also at other times. All the individuals do
not spawn at the same time. On June 22, 1907, I found some
[7. nasutus with the gills half empty, and some still full.
Anodonta cataracta (Say) is gravid about eight months in the
year, the interim occurring during the warm period (May-October).
I have found them gravid as late as May 27, and as early as October
13. I have found them spawning the latter part of December, to
the early part of January* which indicates approximately, as is the
case with U. complanatus, a gravid period of about four months.
I have had the good fortune to discover the use of the byssus also.
I isolated a gravid specimen in an aquarium, and when the glochidia
were extruded, using a magnifying glass, I discovered several of
them, with the valve opened wide, hanging suspended by the byssus,
from the Anacharis canadensis plants with which the aquarium was
stocked. f
From further observations it appears that they hang thus BUS-
* NAUTILUS, Vol. XIII, pp. 142.
f April 19, 1905, Anodonta cataracta, Sny.
THE NAUTILUS. 89
pended, and when a passing fish touches them they fasten upon it by
means of the hooks, and the glochidium is wrenched from its moor-
ing. I observed frequently the sudden jump which my goldfish
made, and I afterwards found glochidia attached to them.
A NEW ZONITOID SHELL FROM THE MIOCENE, FLORISSANT COLORADO.
BT T. D. A. COCKEKELL.
Although fresh-water shells (Lymnea, Planorbis and Sphceriuni)
are abundant in the Florissant shales, terrestrial species are ex-
tremely rare. In 1906 we found a species of Omphalina, in a frag-
mentary condition. The 1907 expedition has yielded a better-
preserved specimen which is referred to Vitrea.
VlTREA FAGALIS n. Sp.
Diameter 7 mm. ; with seven and a half closely coiled whorls, the
first three not increasing at ail, but having a uniform diameter of
about 340 micromillimeters ; the fourth barely larger, diam. about
357 m. ; the fifth with diam. about 391 m. ; the sixth twice as
broad as the inner ones ; the seventh much larger, diam. 1 | mm.
Last whorl very smooth and shining, not or hardly striate, but inner
whorls delicately striate, with the exception of the apical whorl and
a half, which are quite smooth. Spire gently convex, the sides
regularly ascending to the apex. No internal lamella?, so far as can
be seen. One example, with reverse ; on a slab with a leaf of Fayus,
showing that it probably lived in the proximity of that tree.
This shell appears to be a Paravitrea, very close in all respects to
Vitrea andrewstE. In the number of whorls and absence of in-
ternal lamella?, it is like V. placentula ; but the whorls appear to be
more closely coiled than in that species, and the radial sculpture is
much closer and less regular.
The resemblance of the Florissant flora to that of the uplands of
the southeastern states has already been noted ; the discovery of
Vitrea fagalis, and the previous finding of Omphalina, point in a
similar direction.
90 THE NAUTILUS.
A NEW CALIFORNIAN VERTIGO.
BY V. STEKKI.
VERTIGO OCCIDENTALIS, n. sp. Plate XI, fig. 2.
Shell of the shape, size and appearance of a smaller Vert, ovata
Say, but perforated; short ovate, chestnut- colored, transparent;
slight impressions over the palatal folds, no crest, no callus inside ;
lamella? and folds : parietal and angular close together, coherent,
short, low, somewhat massive ; columellar only indicated by a slight,
angular projection ; the two palatals quite small, short, the upper
closer to the margin. Alt. 2 mill. Soft parts not seen.
Habitat : San Bernardino Mts., California, at alt. 7600 feet, col-
lected in the summer of 1907, by Mr. S. S. Berry, one specimen.
It is rather inopportune to establish a species on a single speci-
men. But the one seen is mature, with no trace of a deformity, and
with all its external resemblance to V- ovata, is evidently distinct.
It has been carefully compared with many ovata from New Mexico,
Arizona, California e. g., the Cuyamaca Mts. near San Diego, to
Montana and Washington, etc. None of them was perforated, and the
lamella? and folds of occidentalis are different as to size, shape and
location from those of ovata, even in immature specimens. It has
been pointed out, years ago, that their location and shape are of
more consequence than their mere presence or absence, at least in
some forms.
NOTES.
Specimens of Planorbis magnificus Pilsbry have been kept alive in
small aquaria at the National Museum for more than a year. Those
which were adult when collected in 1906 (October) are all dead,
apparently from old age, but before dying they left progeny now
about six months old and one-third grown. It is therefore probable
that the life of the species is about two years in length. The young
have well-pigmented eyes, in the usual situation, but in the adult
these have so degenerated that no trace of pigment or lens is visible
in the living animal by transmitted light. Their favorite food is
lily-pads, which they devour with great rapidity and on the lower
surface of which they are most likely to be found. --W. H. DALL.
THE NAUTILUS. 91
AMONG common '' beach-stuff" from the Florida Keys the writer
recently found a well-preserved sinistral specimen of Marginella
upicina Menke, in excellent condition. — W. H. DALL.
MR. E. W. GIFFORD of Alameda, California, while collecting on
the '' planted " oyster beds of San Francisco Bay last July, found
llyanassa obsoleta Say living in abundance. This is the first time it
has been reported from the coast. The drills, Urosalpinx cinereus,
which had previously been numerous, seemed to have all died, at
least none living were found. — W. H. DALL.
MESSRS. FKRRISS AND DANIKLS have just returned from a col-
lecting trip in Arizona. Several new and interesting species of
Sonorella and Ashmunella are among the spoils. Some account of the
expedition will be given next month.
HELIX HORTENSIS ON BASS ISLAND, ME. — While at Kennebunk-
port, Me., this summer, Mr. John B. Henderson discovered that Bass
Island at Cape Porpoise was well stocked with H. hortensis, so I
made a trip over there, and in about an hour collected seventy-five
specimens. The ground and weeds were covered with young shells,
but the adults were not so plentiful, as the field mice (?) are good col-
lectors and make a specialty of fine large shells, and when they get
through with them the shells are of very little use to the two-legged
collector. Also saw a good many Polygyra albolabris, which had
been eaten, but only found one alive. The specimens of Helix hor-
fensis show the following variations :
Bands. No. Specimens.
12345 19
12345 Transparent bands, Var. arenicola MacGill. 4
12300 Transparent bands, faint. 1
00345 Transparent bands, faint. 1
12345 (Two broken, almost gone). 1
00300 Band distinct. 3
00300 Band faint and broken, but in most of them the
band is more or less transparent, some also
show traces of other transparent bands. 35
00000 Yellow. 9
00000 Whitish. 2
Total 75
92 THE NAUTILUS.
Band 3 is the one most persistent, and even in the shells which I
have put down as 00000 yellow there is a very faint indication of it.
In many of the 35 this band shows as a distinct patch back of the
lip, with fragments at other places, while the balance of the band is
more or less transparent as in Var. arenicola.
At Bar Harbor and on Bar Island, Frenchman's Bay, Mr. Hen-
derson and I collected a number of horlensis all of which are 00000,
and of a bright canary yellow. — GEO. H. CLAPP.
SHELLS OF LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA — Having read an article in
the NAUTILUS by my friend Mr. Maxwell Smith about the con-
chology of La Jolla, Cal., I send a list of a few species which were
not mentioned in Mr. Smith's article, but which I think are of in-
terest in this connection, as one species has not been found in Cali-
fornia before to my knowledge.
Zirphaea crispata.
Nettastomella darwinii.
Macoma secta.
Modiola recta.
Bryophila setosa. One collected by Mr K. P. Rawle of Phila-
delphia.
Leda hamata.
Yoldia cooperi.
Dentalium pretiosum.
Chromodoris porterae.
Hopkinsia rosacea.
Diaulula sandiegensis.
Triopha maculata.
Aplysia californica.
Circinaria transfuga.
Marginella regularis.
Eulima bistorta.
Eulima compacta.
Odostomia terricula.
Crucibulum imbricatum.
Crepidula excavata.
Acmaea pelta var. nacelloides.
Acmaea pelta.
THE NAUTILUS. 93
Neritina sp. indet. (perhaps pictsi?) One specimen found by Mrs.
Frank Pierce of Madison, Wis.
Leptothyra bacula.
Calliostoma gloriosum.
Ethalia in valla ta.
Haliotis cracherodii.
Nuttallina californica.
Octopus punctatus.
These species have all been collected by me except where other-
wise noted. I was unable to compare the Neritina with any
authentic specimens, but Mr. Kelsey, of San Diego, to whom I men-
tioned it, said that he had not heard of any Neritina found so far
north, but thought it might be N. picta. The specimen of Nuttal-
lina californica Reeve was a seven-valved individual.
JOSHUA L. BAILY, JR.
CHARLES AUSTIN DAYTON We regret to announce the death of
Mr. C. A. Dayton who died at his residence in Brooklyn, N. Y.,
Nov. 7, 1907.
Mr. Dayton was a lifelong admirer and collector of shells, and was
widely known through his correspondence with collectors. He was
the first president of the Brooklyn Conchological Club and a regular
attendant at its meetings until his recent illness confined him to his
home. He possessed in high degree all those qualities which make
the honored citizen and the esteemed friend — SILAS C. WHEAT.
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE FAUNA OF THE COAST OF LOUISIANA.
— By L. R. Gary (Gulf Biologic Station Bull. No. 6, Cameron, La.).
A considerable list of mollusks is given, pp. 54-58.
BULLETIN OF THE BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,
Vol. VIII, No. 6 (1907) contains an interesting historical sketch of
the Society, illustrated with portraits of the presidents and other
men of science prominent in its annals.
94 THE NAUTILUS.
PROPOSALS FOR AN AMERICAN CONCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
The Brooklyn Conchological Club, which has maintained a suc-
cessful organization for several years, proposed last May the forma-
tion of a society of national scope, appointing a committee to form
a preliminary organization. This committee elected the following
officers : President, Dr. H. A. Pilsbry, Philadelphia ; Vice-Presi-
dent, Louis A. Gratacap, New York ; Treasurer, Silas C. Wheat,
Brooklyn ; Secretary, Maxwell Smith, New York. These officers
to serve until a permanent national organization can be formed.
At the International Zoological Congress held in Boston in
August, those interested in mollusks held an impromptu meeting,
and appointed the following committee to consider the question of
organizing a society : Dr. W. H. Dall, Dr. II. A. Pilsbry, Elizabeth
J. Letson, Silas C. Wheat, John Ritchie, Jr.
If sufficient interest in the proposed society is manifested a perma-
nent organization will be effected. A general expression of the feel-
ing among conchologists towards the project is desired.
Suggestions may be sent by those interested to Mr. Maxwell
Smith, Secretary, 265 West 72d street, New York City, or to the
Editors of THE NAUTILUS. It is hoped that some abstract of the
responses may be received in time for publication in the issue of
January 1st next.
Dr. Dall, Chairman of the Boston Committee, has drafted the
following :
MEMORANDUM OF SUGGESTIONS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF AN AMERICAN
CONCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OR SOCIETY.
NAME. — The AMERICAN Conchological Society would be better than
" NATIONAL," as Mexican, Cuban, or Canadian members, whom it would be de-
sirable to include, might object to the term "National " as excluding them.
OFFICE. — To promote intercourse between the students of Mollusca, recent or
fossil, in North America, the Antilles and Hawaii; to encourage the study of
Mollusks by meetings and publications, or other means suitable for the pur-
pose, and to interest the general public in the study of shells.
OFFICERS. — The officers shall comprise a president, a vice-president for each
section, a general secretary and a treasurer, and an executive council consist-
ing of nine members.
MEMBERS. — The membership of the Society shall be divided into the follow-
THE NAUTILUS. (.)f>
ing classes : Patrons, life members, active annual members, associates, and
corresponding members. A limited number of honorary corresponding mem-
bers may be authorized by the council if deemed desirable.
QUALIFICATIONS. — A patron shall be a donor to the Society of any sum ex-
ceeding the total of two life-membership fees, and shall be entitled to all pub-
lications of the Society and to receive gratis any periodical which may be dis-
tributed, as its organ, to the members by the Society. A life membership may
be secured by the payment to the Society's treasurer of the sum of one hun-
dred dollars ; active membership by the annual payment in advance of the sum
of five dollars j1 associate membership by the annual payment in advance of
one dollar and a half by American associates and two dollars by foreign asso-
ciates or corresponding members. Honorary members may be relieved of pay-
ment at the time of election by the vote of the executive council.
All members shall be nominated to the council by the application of any
three members or associates in good standing through the secretary, and shall
be elected by a majority vote of the council, but no election shall be deemed
effective until the treasurer has received the first annual subscription from the
nominee, and the publications of the Society shall not be sent to any member
subsequently, more than two months in arrears. All membership fees shall be
due and payable at the beginning of the year, and no subscription for the ben-
efit of any member or associate to the organ of the society shall be made by the
treasurer until this annual fee shall have been paid.
SECTIONS. — To facilitate local intercourse by meetings or otherwise, the So-
ciety may establish sections for the members of the Atlantic coast, Pacific
coast and Mississippi valley (or other) regions. Meetings within each sectional
area may be arranged by the local sectional vice-president, and the members
of the section may elect temporary officers, except the vice-president when
present, and by a majority vote assess such local subscriptions as may be
needed to carry on local work in addition to the regular annual fees.
NOMINATIONS AND ELECTIONS.— Owing to the scattered distribution of the
membership, voting may be by ballot mailed to the secretary, who shall an-
nounce the result through the organ of the Society, in the number next follow-
ing the limit fixed for counting the vote, but no votes by proxy shall be
accepted.
Nominations for officers may be made by any three members or associates, so
as to be announced at least one month before the annual election in the So-
ciety's organ. Nominations for membership may be made at any time, but at
least one month before they are to be acted upon.
The secretary, treasurer and members of the executive council shall be active
or life members, and serve until the election of their successors. Elections
shall be annual. The president, vice-presidents, secretary and treasurer shall
1 Members of the Brooklyn Club and some others think the annual dues
would better be fixed at two or three dollars.
% THE NAUTILUS.
be ex-officio members of the Council. The term of office for the members of
the Council (not ex-officio) shall be three years, but three members shall retire
each year, and of the nine members elected to the Council at the first election
three shall serve one year, three two years, and three the full term, the indi-
viduals to be determined by lot ; after which three members shall be elected
annually.
THE COUNCIL . — The Council shall conduct the business of the Society, elect
members, control expenditures, audit the treasurer's accounts, prescribe the
duties of Secretary and Treasurer, make rules or by-laws to carry out the de-
tails of the organization of the Society, and shall annually report to the So-
ciety at least one month before the annual election. All new members or
associates shall be elected by a majority vote of the Council, not less than five
members constituting a quorum.
ACTITE MEMBERS. — Active members shall be elected from those persons
actively engaged in research, the collection, or the study of the Mollusca, and
their qualifications shall be stated in the nomination papers. Associates may
be any one of good character interested in the general subject or the study of
natural history. Corresponding members shall be residents of foreign countries.
OFFICIAL ORGAN. — The Council may select a periodical, not issued by the
Society, as its official organ, and may from the annual fees pay such subscription
for the several members and associates as may be arranged for with the pro-
prietors of such periodical.
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS. — The constitution may be
amended by a majority vote of the life and active members at any annual
meeting, provided notice of the proposed amemdment shall have been given in
the official organ at least three months previously. Amendments to the by-
laws may be made at any meeting of the Council called for the purpose, at
least one month's notice having been given to the members of the Council.
PERMANENT FUNDS AND EXPENDITURES. — The sums paid in by patrons and
life members shall be invested and constitute a permanent fund, of which the
interest only shall be available for expenses as directed by the Council. All
expenditures must be authorized and all investments approved by a vote of the
Council, which shall have the Treasurer's accounts annually audited, the re-
sult to be included in the annual report to the Society.
Loss OF MEMBERSHIP. — Any member or associate two months in default in
his annual subscription shall be notified by the Secretary, and any member or
associate who shall be over one year in arrears shall, ipso facto, lose member-
ship ; provided that, on a majority vote of the Council and payment of all ar-
rearages, such member or associate may be reinstated without a formal
re-election.
THE NAUTILUS.
Vox,. XXII. JANUARY, 19O8. No. 9.
POMATIOPSIS ROBUSTA N. SP.
BY BRYANT WALKER.
Shell ovate-conic, perforate, smooth and shining, lines of growth
subobsolete; light greenish-yellow becoming lighter towards the
apex ; spire elevated, apex blunt, the initial whorl being perceptibly
flattened. Whorls 5^, convex, with a well impressed
suture, body whorl large and inflated. Aperture
ovate, narrow above and well rounded below, between
one-third and one-half of the length of the shell ;
peritreme continuous and adnate to the parietal wall
above the perforation ; lip sharp.
Alt. fi, diam. 3^ mm.
Jackson Lake, Wyoming.
Type in the collection of A. A. Hinkley, Du Bois, 111.
Although only a single specimen of this species was found, it is so
obviously distinct from any of the known species of the genus, that
I do not hesitate to describe it.
It is a much stouter shell than P. hinkleyi and differs from both
that and californica in the less convex whorls and less impressed
suture. In these particulars it resembles more P. lapidaria, but
differs from thai entirely in shape. The narrow perforation and
sharp lip as well as the general contour easily separate it from P.
cincinnatiensis .
98 THE NAUTILUS.
A COLLECTING TEIP AT NORTHPORT, N. Y.
BY WM. H. WEEKS, JR.
It was my good fortune to have a vacation during the month of
October, and I decided to go to Northport, in search of shells.
Northport is situated on a fine harbor on the north shore of Long
Island, some forty miles from New York City. The conchologist
here has a fine field before him for work, and if not easily discour-
aged, shore-collecting will yield good results. It usually means
however long tramps each day of some five to ten miles. I expected
to use the dredge but could not make satisfactory arrangements. It
is here that the scallop (Pecten borealis) abounds, but this year only
small quantities have been brought in by fishermen, and the much-
prized red variety is decidedly scarce.
Where I had found some five years ago countless numbers of
Crepidula convexa on the beach not a specimen was to be seen, but
a few were gathered at low tide from dead specimens of Litorina
littorea and Nassa obsoleta. Mya arenaria were everywhere on the
beach in fine order, and also many Ensis directus. Usually one has
to dig for them. Ltzvicardium mortoni were found in small colonies
and seemed to be larger than usual. Numerous odd valves of
Astarte undulata were taken at low tide. It is evidently a deep-
water species. No search was made for land shells. The following
is a list of species obtained :
Ostrea virgiuica Grael., cultivated extensively.
Anomia simplex Orb., abundant.
Pecten gibbus var. borealis Say, fairly common.
Mytilus edulis Linn., abundant.
Modiolus modiolus Linr., scarce.
Modiolus demissa var. plicatula Lam., abundant.
Area transversa Say, abundant.
Area pexata Say, abundant.
Astarte undata Gld., odd valves.
Laevicardium mortoni Conr., fairly common.
Venus mercenaria L., abundant.
Petricola pholadiformis Lam., fairly common.
Tellina tenera Say, one specimen.
Macoma balthica Linn., scarce.
THE NAUTILUS. 99
Ensis directus Conr., abundant.
Spisula solidissima Dillw., fairly common.
Mulinia lateralis Say, scarce.
Lyonsia hyalina Conr., scarce.
Mya arenaria Linn., common.
Busycon canaliculata Say, fairly common.
Busycon carica Gmel., fairly common.
Nassa trivittata Say, fairly common.
Nassa obsoleta Say, very abundant.
Nassa vibex Say, scarce.
Astyris lunata Say, scarce.
Eupleura caudata Say, scarce.
Urosalpinx cinereus Say, common.
Odostomia trifida Totten, scarce.
Bittium nigrum Stimp, common.
Litorina rudis Donov., common.
Litorina littorea Linn., very common.
Crepedula fornicata Linn., common.
Crepedula plana Say, common.
Crepedula convexa Say, scarce.
Neverita duplicata Say, fairly common.
Chaetopleura apiculata Say, scarce (usually on oysters).
A LIST OF THE LAND SHELLS OF LEE COUNTY, FLORIDA.
BY E. G. VANATTA.
The following species were collected in Lee County, Florida, by
Mr. Clarence B. Moore. The smaller forms were picked from leaf-
mould sent in bags, each with the exact locality carefully marked
on it.
Practically nothing has been known hitherto of the land-snail
fauna between Key Marco and Cape Florida, the Ten Thousand
Island region being accessible only to the collector cruising in his
own boat.
It is interesting to note the occurrence of Bifidaria rhoadsi Pils.
and Vertigo variolosa Gld. on the west coast of Florida ; also that
many of the shells of Zonitoides minuscula Binn. have internal
100 THE NAUTILUS.
laminae or teeth. The use of the name Euglandina rosea Fer. in-
stead of Glandina truncata has been explained by Dr. Pilsbry in the
last number of the Manual of Conchology, p. 191. All the speci-
mens listed are in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia.
Blue Hill Id., near Goodland Point, Marco Key.
Truncatella bilabiata Pfr.
Thysanophora selenina Gld.
Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bid.
Polygyra uvulifera Shutt.
Drymaeus multilineatus Say.
Euglandina rosea Fer.
Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.
Buttonwood Key.
Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bid.
Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.
Bifidaria rupicola Say.
Zonitoides singleyana Pils.
Chokoloskee Key.
Pupoides modicus Gld.
Bifidaria rupicola Say.
Zonitoides minuscula Binn.
Dismal Key.
Truncatella bilabiata Pfr.
Helicina orbiculata Say.
Thysanophora plagioptycha Shutt.
Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bid.
Strobilops hubbardi A. D. Brown.
Pupoides modicus Gld.
Bifidaria rhoadsi Pils.
Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.
Bifidaria rupicola Say.
Microceramus floiidanus Pils.
Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.
Vitrea dalliana ' Simpson ' Pilsbry.
Guppya gundlachi Pfr.
Zonitoides minuscula Binn.
Zonitoides singleyana Pils.
THE NAUTILUS. 101
Fakahatcliee Key.
Truncatella bilabiata Pfr.
Helicina orbiculata Say.
Thysanophora selenina Gld.
Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bid.
Pupoides modicus Gld.
Bifidaria rupicola Say.
Microceramus floridanus Pils ? (young).
Drymaeus (young multilineatus Say ?)
Drymagus dominions Rve.
Euglandina rosea Fer.
Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.
Vitrea dalliana ' Simp.' Pils.
Guppya gundlachi Pfr.
Zonitoides minuscula Binn.
Georgia Fruit Company's land, S. of Marco.
Praticolella jejuna Say.
Vitrea dalliana ' Simp.' Pils.
Guppya gundlachi Pfr.
Gilberts (near Matanzas Pass).
Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bid.
Pupoides modicus Gld.
Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.
Bifidaria rupicola Say.
Vitrea dalliana ' Simp.' Pils.
Guppya gundlachi Pfr.
Zonitoides minuscula Binn.
Zonitoides singleyana Pils.
Goodland Point, Marco Key.
Polygyra c. f. carpenteriana Bid.
Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.
Euglandina rosea Fer. (near parallela Biun.)
Zonitoides minuscula Binn.
Succinea floridana Pils.
Little Marco.
Truncatella caribasensis succinea C. B. Ad.
Truncatella bilabiata Pfr.
102 THE NAUTILUS.
Helicina orbiculata Say.
Helicina orbiculafa var. clappi Pils. Mas.
Thysanophora plagioptycha Shutt.
Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bid.
Polygyra uvulifera Shutt.
Bifidaria contracta Say.
Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.
Bifidaria rupicola Say.
Vertigo variolosa Gld.
Microceramus floridanus Pils.
Euglandina r. parallela Binn.
Vitrea indentata Say.
Vitrea dalliana ' Siinp ' Pils.
Guppya gundlachi Pfr.
Zonitoides minuscula Binn.
Zonitoides singleyana Pils.
Marco, N. end of Marco Key
Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bid.
Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.
Bifidaria rupicola Say.
Euglandina rosea Fer.
Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.
Vitrea dalliana ' Simp.' Pils.
Guppya gundlachi Pfr.
Mound Key, Estero Bay.
Truncatella caribseensis succinea C. B. Ad.
Truncatella bilabiata Pfr.
Helicina orbiculata Say.
Thysanophora plagioptycha Shutt.
Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bid
Pupoides modicus Gld.
Bifidaria contracta Say.
Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.
Bifidaria rupicola Say.
Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.
Euglandina rosea minor Binn.
Guppya gundlachi Pfr.
Zonitoides minuscula Binn.
Succinea floridana Pils.
THE NAUTILUS. 103
Nameless Key (Mr. Addison's) two miles east of Marco.
Helicina orbiculata Say.
Thysanophora selenina Gld.
Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bid.
Pupoides modicus Gld.
Bifidaria contracta Say.
Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.
Bifidaria rupicola Say.
Microceramus floridanus Pils.
Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.
Vitrea dalliana ' Simp ' Pils.
Guppya gundlachi Pfr.
Zonitoides minuscula Binn.
Zonitoides singleyana Pils.
Near Punta Rassa.
Truncatella bilabiata Pfr.
Polygyra cereolus f. volvoxis Pfr.
Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.
Aboriginal shell- heap about one mile east of St. James, Pine Island.
Truncatella clathrus Lowe.
Truncatella cariba?ensis ' Sby. ' Rve.
Truncatella caribaeensis succinea C. B. Ad.
Truncatella bilabiata Pfr.
Praticolella jejuna Say.
Polygyra cereolus f. volvoxis Pfr.
Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.
Bifidaria rupicola Say.
Guppya gundlachi Pfr.
Zonitoides minuscula Binn.
Zonitoides singleyana Pils.
Pine land, N. "W. end of Pine Island.
Helicina orbiculata Say.
Bifidaria contracta Say.
Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.
Bifidaria rupicola Say.
Euglandina rosea Fer. near var. parallela Binn.
Guppya gundlachi Pfr.
Zonitoides minuscula Binn.
104 THE NAUTILUS.
N. E. end Pine Island, Lee Co., Florida.
Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.
Russell's Key.
Helicina orbiculata Say.
Helicina orbiculata var. clappi Pils. Mss.
Thysanophora selenina Gld.
Thysanophora plagioptycha Shutt.
Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bid.
Pupoides modicus Gld.
Bifidaria p. hordeacella Pils.
Bifidaria rupicola Say.
Microceramus floridanus Pils.
Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.
Guppya gundlaclii Pfr.
Zonitoides arborea Say.
Zonitoides singleyana Pils.
Turner Place, Turner River (a key near Chokoloskee).
Truncatella bilabiata Pfr.
Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bid.
Polygyra uvulifera Shutt.
Bifidaria rupicola Say.
Microceramus floridanus Pils.
Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.
Vitrea indentata Say.
Zonitoides minuscula Binn.
About five miles up Whitney River (mainland).
Polygyra cereolus f. carpenteriana Bid.
Bifidaria rupicola Say.
Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.
Guppya gundlachi Pfr.
"Wiggins' Key, Sandfly Pass.
Euglandina rosea parallela Binn.
Lossman's Key.
Euglandina rosea minor Binn.
THE NAUTILUS. 105
CANCELLABLE OBTUSA DESH.
BY SLOMAN ROUS.
Among some shells handed to me by my friend Mr. D. W.
Ferguson, of Brooklyn, is a specimen of Cancellaria obtusa Desh.
Tryon writing in 1885 says (Man. of Conch., Vol. VII, p. 68) :
" The unique specimen formed part of the Cumingian collection.
Hab. unknown." As far as I am aware no other specimen has
since been recorded, and it seems worth while to note the appear-
ance of another specimen and at the same time to amplify the some-
what meager description given in the Manual.
The specimen is unfortunately what is called a dead shell but it
retains its color and is perfect, its principal imperfection being a
worm groove in the aperture, but this in no way detracts from show-
ing its characteristics and the species can be perfectly described from
the specimen.
Spire much depressed, regularly spirally costate, the ridges
flattened, the intervening grooves about half the width of the ridges,
growth lines somewhat obsolete, but deeply pitted where they cross
the spiral grooves; light yellowish-brown; whorls three; rather
narrowly umbilicate, columellar plications three, the inferior some-
what obsolete, upper part of aperture very heavily calloused, aper-
ture white. Lon. 24, lat. 18 mm. Hab. Panama.
Mr. Ferguson received this specimen with a number of other
species from Mr. McNeill, well known as a collector of shells of
Central America, Panama, etc. All were labeled Panama, and all
the other species were undoubtedly Panama shells. I think there is
but little doubt but that this habitat will prove correct.
NOTES.
MUREX CARPENTERI, FORM ALBA — During the past year the
fishermen of Newport, Orange County, California, have brought up
a number of specimens of Murex carpenteri Ball, in their nets.
Most of them are the ordinary form, but among them are two or
three specimens of a pure white color, showing little or none of the
usual brownish coloration so characteristic of the species. This is a
really beautiful variation, but as yet it seems to be very rare. Ac-
106 THE NAUTILUS.
cording to the usual custom, this form may be referred to as the
form or variety alba — S. S. BERRY.
TRITON GIBBOSUS BROD., IN CALIFORNIA. — Ralph Arnold
in The Paleontology and Stratigraphy of San Pedro, quotes the
range of the living T. gibbosus as West Tropical America and
Panama. At this time Dr. Dall supposed that a single example
from San Pedro Bay had been washed from the fossil beds on the
beach. Another writer reports the species from San Pedro Bay
(see NAUTILUS, Vol. VII, p. 75). At the time I brought the La
Jolla material together (NAUTILUS, September, 1907), three speci-
mens were secured by Miss Mary A. Williams, Joshua L. Baily and
myself. These were not included in the L. J. list, as at the time
the identity was doubtful. The species can now safely rank in the
fauna of the state — MAXWELL SMITH.
SHELLS OF THE LAKE REGION OF MAINE — The following mol-
lusks were collected at Capens, Deer Island, Moosehead Lake, dur-
ing July, 1907 : Polygyra fraterna Say, P. albolabris Say, P. sayana
Pils., P. dentifera Binn., Vitrea hammonis Strom., Euconulus fulvus
Mull., Zonitoides arborea Say, Pyramidula alternata Say, P. cronk-
hitei anthonyi Pils., Sjihyradium edentulum Drap., Succinea ovalis
totteniana Lea, Philomycus carolinensis Bosc., and Planorbis bicar-
inatus Say. — C. W. JOHNSON.
MOLLUSCA OF LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA. — To the lists which have
appeared in the NAUTILUS, the following nuclibranchs may be added :
Chromodoris macfarlandi Ckll. Forms a distinct subgenus or
genus.
Chromodoris calif orniensis Bergh (universitatis Ckll.).
Archidoris montereyensis Cooper (?). Specimens immature.
Cadlinaflavomaculata McFarl.
Cadlina marginata McFarl. (?). Specimens small.
Doridopsis nigromaculata C. & E. (vidua Bergh, var. (?).
Thecacera velox Ckll.
Several others have been found at San Pedro and San Diego, and,
therefore, may be expected at La Jolla.
In the Journal of Malacology, 1905, p. 42, is given a brief account
of a new Triopha from San Pedro. No specific name was offered,
because the notes on the external characters had been mislaid.
THE NAUTILUS. 107
These have now been recovered, and the animal may take the name
originally given in MS., Triopha aurantiaca. It is close to T. car-
penteri Stearns, in external characters, but instead of being white it
is orange, with the appendages tipped with vermilion. — T. D. A.
COCKERELL.
HENRY VENDRYES.
Mr. Henry Vendryes, well known to students of the Jamaican
fauna, died at Kingston, Jamaica, Nov. 20, 1907, in his 86th year.
Mr. Vendryes was of French extraction, his father having served
with Napoleon, and was born on the island Oct. 30, 1822. He be-
came a student of law with Donald Campbell, a noted solicitor of
that day. After making a temporary experiment as a business man,
he soon returned to his first choice. In 1879 he was appointed an
advocate of the Supreme Court, and was offered but declined the
position of resident magistrate on the island. He distinguished him-
self in private practice of the law, and was for a time the editor of a
local paper now extinct, the " Colonial Standard." His accomplish-
ments in music were exceptional, but it is as a conchologist and the
friend of conchological students interested in the Jamaican fauna
that the readers of the NAUTILUS will chiefly remember him. He
contributed largely to the cabinets of Adams, Chitty, Bland, Guppy
and others as their publications show, and was most courteous and
generous in extending aid to all who were interested in his special
science. He leaves a large family connection. He suffered serious
financial losses by the Kingston earthquake, and his uniquely com-
plete collection of Jamaican shells and fossils has been offered for
sale, particulars of which can be learned from his late partner and
son-in-law, Mr. R. W. Bryant, of Kingston. "W. H. DALL.
SOME PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS OF HENRY VENDRYES.
BY J. B. HENDERSON, JR.
The news of Henry Vendryes' death in Kingston, Jamaica, a few
weeks ago has awakened many pleasant memories of his personality.
On our collecting trips to Jamaica, Mr. Simpson and I always paid
our respects to this veteran conchologist, and we passed many pleas-
108 THE NAUTILUS.
ant hours in his " shell room " inspecting his large collections and
enjoying his generous hospitality.
Mr. Vendryes was then — ten years ago — an old man carrying
somewhat unsteadily the weight of seventy-five years, but he radi-
ated about him the indefinable charm of the gentleman of the old
school. He talked freely of days in the field with C. B. Adams,
Chitty and Gloyne, those forefathers of Jamaican conchology, and
the spirit of their work and methods remained with him, for he
evolved with difficulty from that conchological era when every
roundish land shell was a Helix, and every marine shell with a long
canal stood firmly on the name of Fusus.
The large collections which he brought together were almost
wholly made up of Jamaican and Haitan forms both marine and
land. They were large and of undoubted scientific value, although
their beauty was marred by the presence of too many dead and worn
specimens of the commoner species which he seemingly lacked the
courage to throw away. His shells were mounted upon glass slides
the specimens fixed by cement and the names and localities painted
upon the glass in white. What appeared to be a most unsatisfactory
cabinet method he assured me was made necessary in that tropical
climate by the swarms of insect pests which would relish paper trays
and labels.
Owing to the lack of modern titles in his library Mr. Vendryes
was much handicapped in his literary labors. He acknowledged the
necessity of anatomical work and fully approved of the more modern
methods of biological research, but before such a task as applied by
himself to his collections he sank back exhausted.
Notwithstanding such discouragements Mr. Vendryes published
an excellent list of Jamaica shells which is to-day the best we have,
and he also had in preparation the great undertaking of a monograph
of the most exhaustive kind, of the Jamaican fauna. He gave me a
section of this MS of literally hundreds of pages of closely written
(in his own hand) observations, critical notes, descriptions, synon-
omy, etc., and asked me to find a publisher for it in the United
States. The preparation of this unpublished monograph involving
as it must have done an enormous amount of physical as well as
mental effort, was, after all, a labor of love, and from the way he
handled the MS it was apparent how he loved the monument he was
with such infinite pains building for himself.
THE NAUTILUS.
VOL. XXII. FEBRUARY, 1908. No. 1O.
HYGROMIA HISPIDA (LINNJEUS) IN MAINE.
BY N. W. LERMOND.
In 1904 I found a snail considerably smaller in size than Polygyra
frnterna Say, and very numerous on walls of old lime quarries, on
wooden sidewalks and on the under sides of rocks from the lime
quarries at Rockland, Knox County, Maine. Specimens sent Dr.
Pilsbry for identification were pronounced by him Hygromia hispida
(Linn.), and the first record for this species for the state of Maine.
In his 1898 list of " Land Shells of America North of Mexico,"
on page 3, Prof. Pilsbry gives Hygromia hispida (Linn.) as found
at Quebec and Levis, Quebec, Canada — " a species of northern
Europe, imported." In 1905 I found them quite as plentiful in and
about old lime quarries at Thomaston, and in 1906 collected them in
a garden in the same town under cabbage plants. They literally
" swarmed " on the ground and on the under side of the cabbage
heads. This garden is on the banks of " Mill River," and near a
lime kiln.
This season I found them just as numerous — and they are by far
the most abundant species in this locality — in the Rockland and
Thomaston localities, but have not as yet found them elsewhere in
the county, although they quite likely are already established in the
lime quarries of Camden and Rockport.
110 THE NAUTILUS.
09 CERTAIN IMMATURE AHCULOS2E.
BT BRYANT WALKER.
Anculosa prarosa was described by Say in 1824 from specimens
collected at the falls of the Ohio. In the following year he de-
scribed a second species from the north fork of the Holston River in
Virginia as A. subglobosa.
In 1838 Dr. Lea described a very small bicarinate species from
Cincinnati as A. cincinnatiensis, and, in 1845, another species from
" Tennessee and Tuscaloosa, Ala.," as A. tintinnabulum.
Tryon in his preliminary " Synonymy of the Strepomatidae "
(1865) stated that cincinnatiensis was " undoubtedly the quite young
of prarosa," and placed tintinnabulum as a variety under subglobosa.
He considered A. virgata Lea, a small, smooth, rounded form, to be
the young of tintinnabulum and A. globula Lea, a very similar but
more globose shell, the immature form of subglobosa.
In 1871, Dr. James Lewis published a paper in the American
Journal of Conchology (VI, p. 216) on the shells of the Holston
River, in which he identified a small bicarinate form from that river
as A. cincinnatiensis, and, by a series of specimens graded in size,
satisfied himself that this form was the young of Lea's tintinnabulum.
He further states that " some of the varieties (so-called) of An-
culosa prarosa have bicarinate young, but their forms are such that
when the dimensions of Mr. Lea's typical cincinnatiensis (diameter
.16 inch) they do not exactly, but only approximately, correspond
thereto, and therefore must yield to the claims of titinnabulum."
Dr. Lewis did not specify the peculiar characteristics of the young
of A. prterosa, as distinguished from the young of tintinnabulum,
beyond stating that the species is extremely variable and that " in
one variety carinas are scarcely discernible in the smallest specimens.
In others there are traces of carinse upon shells of nearly or quite ^
inch in diameter."
In regard to A. subglobosa he described the young as " smooth,
shining, depressed, subglobose, with a somewhat pointed, elevated
apex," and states that in his numerous series of that species " none
are carinate, nor can I find any evidence by which I might identify
tubglobosa with tintinnabulum."
His conclusion therefore was that Lea's cincinnatiensis was the
THE NAUTILUS
PLA'IE X.
7.
3.
8.
10.
11.
4.
WALKER- YOUNG STAGES OF ANCULOSA.
THE NAUTILUS. Ill
very young of a valid species distinct from both prarosa and sub-
globosa, of which A. tintinnabulum was the adult form.
Subsequently Tryon reviewed Dr. Lewis' paper (Am. Jour, of
Con., VII, p. 86) and, without discussing at all the facts on which
the latter bad based his conclusions, reiterated his former conclu-
sions, stating that Mr. Anthony did not find tintinnabulum in the
Ohio, but did find cincinnatiensis, and satisfied himself that it was
the young of prarosa and that he, himself, had examined " thou-
sands of specimens from many localities " and was " fully convinced
that subglobosa and tintinnabulum are the same species." And this
position was maintained in his elaborate monograph of the Strepo-
matida published by the Smithsonian Institution in 1873.
Since then, so far as I have been able to ascertain, nothing has
been published on the subject.
It is obvious that, if these different forms of Anculosa exhibit as
claimed by Lewis persistent and characteristic differences in the
young shell, a valuable standard of comparison can be established,
which will, when thoroughly worked out, enable us to definitely
determine their relationships and their claims to specific or varietal
recognition. And although, for a complete solution of the questions
of synonymy involved, full suites of all ages of all the different forms
would be necessary, any detailed information will be of value, both
as leading the way towards the final settlement of the matter and as
an incentive to further investigation and systematic work in the
field for the acquisition of the material still necessary for successful
results. For these reasons, the following notes have been compiled
and, with full recognition of the fact that they are necessarily in-
complete and quite insufficient for any broad generalizations and are
of value only so far as they deal with material under observation,
are published with the hope that they may lead others to review the
material in their possession and incite additional effort toward
securing the missing links.
I. ANCULOSA PR^EROSA SAY. PI. X., figs. 1-6.
Unfortunately I have not been able to obtain any of the minute
young of this species from the Ohio River, the smallest specimens
seen having passed the carinate stage. But from a comparison of
these with those of corresponding size and development from a very
complete series of all sizes, ranging from .0125 mm. in diameter to
112 THE NAUTILUS,
yj
the fully matured shell, from the Tennessee river at Florence, Ala.,
collected by Mr. A. A. Hinkley, there seems to be no doubt but that
the changes in growth of the two series have been identical.
The minute young in the Florence series have the apical whorls
carinate and the body-whorl bicarinate. I have no difficulty in
identifying this form with Lea's cincinnaliensis. The type had four
whorls and measured 4 mm. in height by 3.5 in diameter. As a
standard for comparison I have selected an individual of exactly
these dimensions (Fig. 1); although most of the specimens of that
diameter are more depressed, the altitude and width being substan-
tially the same.
This specimen agrees with the original diagnosis in every par-
ticular with one exception. Lea states that the type had three
bands and that the two carinas were colored. Whether the three
bands included the two carinal bands, he does not say. All of my
specimens, with one exception, exhibit four bands within the aper-
ture. Two are carinal, one is between the upper carina and the
suture, and the fourth between the lower carina and the umbilical
depression. These bands are continuous or broken into spots, and
sometimes the upper and lower pairs are more or less confluent.
The exception has only the upper pair of bands, the lower carina
and basal area being uncolored. I do not regard the variation in
banding of any material importance and, therefore, have no
hesitation in proceeding on the assumption that these bicarinate
individuals are the cincinnatiensis of Lea. As shown by Fig. 1, the
typical form of A. cincinnatiensis has four whorls ; the spire is
acutely conical, its whorls flattened and bounded below by the pro-
jecting carina, the suture of the succeeding whorls being on the
under side of the carina and slightly within the outer edge ; the
body whorl is strongly bicarinate, flattened above the superior
carina, concave between the carinae and with the basal arc area
flattened and very oblique. The shell is rather translucent, light
horn-color, more or less tinged with green; apex is red, lighter than
the supracarinal band, and the bands dark reddish-brown ; the
superior band is broad and on the apical whorls fills nearly the en-
tile space between the carina and the suture, so that the whorls
appear wholly dark colored ; the basal band is broad, the color ex-
tending to same degree over the entire umbilical area; the columella
is more or less tinged with purple. The aperture is large " rounded,"
THE NAUTILUS. 113
but slightly modified, however, by the carinae. The nepionic whorl
is smooth, or very slightly and irregularly roughened or pitted; this
perhaps may be the result of incipient erosion. Below this, the
lines of growth on the second and third whorls are strong, straight
and quite regular, and intersecting these are numerous stronger,
parallel, revolving striae, which give a reticulated appearance to the
surface ; on the fourth whorl the revolving lines sensibly diminish
in strength and towards the aperture become subobsolete. This
sculpture is uniformly present and is apparently characteristic of the
bicarinate form. The persistence of the revolving lines varies in
different individuals. Usually they fade out as the shell assumes
the globose form, but occasionally continue until the shell is nearly
mature.
There is considerable variation in the height of the apical whorls.
Most of the specimens in the bicarinate stage are more depressed
than the type and the carina is less prominent on the superior whorls.
Fig. 2 is the most depressed individual seen, and the spire is wholly
flattened with no projection of the carina above the body whorl.
As the shell increases in size, the superior carina becomes less
prominent, the lip of the lower whorl rises and gradually passes over
its edge, and, thenceforth, the shallow suture characteristic of the
mature shell is maintained. Erosion begins, the acute spire and,
generally, all the sculptured whorls disappear, and the shell assumes
the characteristic globular shape of maturity.
During this stage, the carince progressively diminish in strength
and become mere angles and finally disappear. The groove between
them widens and becomes plane and persists in the half-grown and
mature shells as the characteristic flattening of the body whorl.
The superior carina is the less persistent and completely disappears
in the regularly rounded curve of the upper part of the whorl. The
lower carina and the resulting angle remain longer in evidence and
cause in the mature shell the greater width of the lower part of the
body whorl. The carinre persist longer in the more conical speci-
mens (Fig. 4) than in the depressed individuals (Fig. 3). For
comparison with this stage in the Florence series, the smallest ex-
ample seen from the Falls of Ohio is figured (Fig. 5). It measures
5.5x5.5 mm. The apical whorls are somewhat eroded, but enough
is left to show that they were carinate and had the characteristic
sculpture ascribed to cincinnatiensis. They are more depressed
114 THE NAUTILUS.
than any of the Florence series, and the body whorl ia much more
gibbous. This feature is still more emphasized in a small series of
prcerosa from the Ohio at Golconda, Ills., also collected by Mr.
Hinkley. In these (Fig. 6), as the shell advances beyond the
bicarinate stage, the lip passes over the superior carina and overlaps
the preceding whorl, forming a slight shoulder around it, so that
upon the completion of an entire whorl, the spire appears, as it were,
in a flattened depression with the short, apical elevation in the
centre. Whether this is constant in the prcerosa of the Ohio, the
series under examination is too small to establish. But the simi-
larity of the specimen from the Falls of the Ohio (the type locality)
suggests that it may be. It is very desirable that a full series of all
sizes from the Ohio should be examined, so that the manner of
growth of the typical form may be definitely determined.
By a careful selection of the less eroded specimens, the whole
process of growth can be traced from the typical bicarinate form of
the young to the smooth rotundity of the adult shell and there is
apparently no question but that the cincinnatiensis of Lea is the
young of the prcerosa of Say.
II. ANCULOSA SUBGLOBOSA Say.
This species, in some localities at least, seems to be less subject to
erosion than its associated species of the genus; and specimens nearly
if not quite mature, with perfect apices, are not uncommon. The
tracing of the growth of the shell from the early stages to maturity
is, therefore, a matter of comparative ease.
The series of young shells in the Lewis collection, of which the
smallest (Fig. 9) measures alt. 3.25, diam. 3.55 mm., with one ex-
ception, is very uniform, and there can be no doubt but that they are
the young of the typical form as figured by Tryon (Mon. figs. 799
and 800). They are gibbous, translucent, light horn-color, unicol-
ored or banded, smooth and shining, apex acutely conical, the tip
tinged with dark brown, whorls rounded, suture well impressed, with
no trace of any carina whatever. The shell increases very rapidly
in size, but retains its peculiar form until nearly mature. For com-
parison with Figs. 3 and 8 a larger specimen (5x5 mm.) is also fig-
ured (Fig. 10).
The exception above noted (Fig. 11) is quite different in shape
and would seem to be specifically distinct. It measures 5.5x5 mm.,
THE NAUTILUS. 115
and is of a light greenish-yellow and much more globular than the
others and barring the bands, which are three instead of two as
called for by the original description, has great resemblance to A.
globula of Lea. The aperture is almost exactly two-thirds of the
length of the shell. Among a small set from the Holston at Knox-
ville, Tennessee, collected by Mr. A. C. Billups, are larger speci-
mens (10x8.5 mm.) of the same form, but I have been unable to
trace it with entire satisfaction to maturity. It is, however, appar-
ently the immature form of the species that Dr. Lewis identified with
the A. virgata of Lea. But whatever the relation of the form to
subglobosa may be, it agrees with it in its smooth, shining, rounded
whorls with no impressed spiral lines and no carinae.
III. A. TINTINNABULUM Lea.
Dr. Lewis' series of this species is very complete and as he states,
there can be no question but that the bicarinate form that he identi-
fied with Lea's cincinnatiensis is the young of tintinnabulum. But
they are quite different from the true cincinnatiensis if I am right in
my identification of that form, and seem to be specifically distinct.
Compared with cincinnatiensis of the same size, these shells (Figs. 7
and 8) have a more elevated spire and are much thicker, being quite
opaque and noticeably more heavily moulded ; the surface of the
whorls above the superior carina is decidedly convex above and
excavated below as it approaches the carina, so that on the third and
fourth whorls there is a well-developed groove immediately behind
the carina ; the carinae are much stronger, the superior projects
upwards rather than laterally, and is formed more by the excavation
of the upper surface of the whorl behind the uplift of the intercari-
nal area, than by the lateral projection of the carina, as in cincin-
natiensis ; the lower carina is much stronger and projects laterally ;
the intercarinal area is relatively wider and very flat, being scarcely
at all concave ; the basal area is much more excavated immediately
below the inferior carina. While color is, perhaps, the least re-
liable factor in specific distinction in Anculosa, in this series it is
remarkably uniform and very striking. The shells are uniformly
light greenish-yellow with two broad reddish-brown bands on the
body whorl, one above the superior carina and the other on the basal
area immediately below the inferior carina ; the apical whorls are
reddish-brown ; the intercarinal area has no band, the carin* are
116 THE NAUTILUS.
noticeably lighter in color than the rest of the shell and stand out
conspicuously against the dark bands above and below them. As
the shell grows, the superior band widens and invades the region of
the superior carina, sometimes before it has entirely disappeared, and
occasionally divides into two narrow bands, the basal band persists
and in the adult the space between them represents the intercarinal
area of the young shell.
The spiral lines are uniformly present and rather stronger than in
cincinnatiensis and apparently persist longer as the shell approaches
maturity.
As the shell increases in size, the superior carina diminishes and
finally disappears entirely ; the lower carina persists much longer,
descends somewhat in position and becomes a characteristic feature
of the half-grown shell and, in the adult, causes the bell-shaped form
which gives to the species its specific name.
IV. CONCLUSIONS.
From the examination of the material as above detailed, the fol-
lowing conclusions may be drawn.
1. That in these species of Anculosa at least, the very young shells
have characteristics which are constant and available for specific
distinction.
2. That the young shell of A. prserosa is bicarinate and spirally
striate and was described by Lea as A. cincinnatiensis.
3. That the young shell of A. subglobosa is ecarinate and without
spiral, impressed lines.
4. That the young shell of A. tintinnabulum is bicarinate and
spirally striate, but specifically different from Lea's cincinnatiensis.
5. That A. tintinnabulum Lea is specifically distinct from both A.
prserosa and A. subylobosa, and is a valid species.
6. That collectors and especially those in the field should give
special attention to securing full suites of all the species of all ages,
particularly the very young, so that the exact relations of all the
described species may be definitely determined.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.
All the figures are on the same scale, X 48.
Fig. 1-4. A. prserosa Say — Tennessee River, Florence, Ala.
Fig. 5. A. prcerosa — Falls of the Ohio.
THE NAUTILUS. 117
Fig. 6. A. prxrosa — Ohio River, Golconda, Ills.
Fig. 7-8. A. tintinnobulum Lea — Holston River, Tenn.
Fig. 9-10. A. subglobosa Say — Holston River, Tenn.
Fig. 11. A. globula Lea? — Holston River, Tenn.
A NEW SPECIES OF PYRGULOPSIS.
BY A. A. HINKLEY.
The finding of a new species of Pyrgulopsis is a surprise, coming
as it does from such a well-known stream as the Wabash, a river
which has furnished many forms of shells found nowhere else north
of the Ohio river, though common in southern streams. There was
found associated with the new species Somatogyrus strengi Pilsbry
and Walker, a recently described southern species, which adds
another to that list of, shall we call it freak geographical distribution?
or is there some known cause for the occurence of southern forms in
the Wabash ? It seems a little strange that no species of shells bears
the name of the Wabash river. The writer thinks now a good time
to nse the name.
PYRGULOPSIS WABASHENSIS, n. sp.
The shell is imperforate, pupiform, smooth, horn-colored ; growth
lines faint ; composed of five convex whorls separated by an im-
pressed suture. The periphery is rounded or slightly angular. The
aperture oblique, ovate, angular above, rounded below. The colu-
mella a little reflected. Columellar callus thickened ; on the
parietal wall the outside edge straight and raised.
Length .12, diam. .06 of an inch.
Found in shallow water of the Wabash river, at the Chains in
Posey county, Indiana, by the writer's son, George Hinkley. Com-
pared with P. mississippitnsis this species is smaller, has not the
angular or carinate body whorl, the spire is not so acutely conical,
and the aperture is not as wide. The mississipiensis is conical with
flat whorls ; this species is pupiform with rounded whorls. Some
examples of wabashensis have a slight shoulder on the penultimate
whorl just above the suture, others have an impressed line on the
body whorl a little distance below the suture.
118 THE NAUTILUS.
Examples are in the collections of the Academy of Natural
Science, Philadelphia ; The National Museum ; The Chicago
Academy of Science, Mr. Bryant Walker, and the writer.
NOTES ON SOME AUSTRALIAN UNIONIDJE.
BY L. S. FRIERSON.
A series of shells covering nearly the whole range of species
credited to Australia having been received from the well-known
conchologist, Mr. Wm. T. Bednall of Adelaide, reveals several inter-
esting points, which may constitute as many " addenda and corri-
genda " to Mr. C. T. Simpson's " Synopsis of the Naiades."
Page 891. Unio bednaUi Tate was described in 1882, Proceed-
ings Royal Society of South Australia, page 56. The shell, as
evidenced by notes, and a fine series of specimens from Mr. Bednall,
is not a form of Diplodon australis (Lam.) Hanley, but is much
nearer to D. wilsonii Lea (= stuarti Adams and Angas). A speci-
men of bednalli is over 3^ inches long by 1| high, whereas a speci-
men of D. australis var. legrandi (an elongated variety) is 3 inches
long and 2 inches high). D. bednalli Tate therefore should be
removed as a synonym of australis, and restored to specific rank,
from whence, should it ever be degraded, it must fall under D. wil~
sonii Lea, as a variety.
A series of shells labeled U. angasii Lea revealed the follow-
ing facts : U. angasii, credited to MSS. of Lea, was described by
Sowerby in Conchologia Iconica, and placed by Mr. Simpson as a
synonym of D. shuttleworthii Lea. A casual observation of the lot
seemed to indicate two species. A critical study of both the actual
specimens with the original descriptions of both species confirmed
this impression. Diplodon shuttleworthii Lea (besides being appar-
ently larger) has a deeply and coarsely sulcated disc, and is covered
with a heavy, thick, scaly epidermis resembling that of D. cucumoides.
On the other hand the D. angasii Sowerby is apparently a smaller
species, is much thinner, with a smooth surface and covered with a
thin epidermis, with nothing more than fine sulcations, scarcely
noticeable. But as a final clincher, a young specimen of D. angdsii
(having beaks so perfect as to show the glochidial shell) shows a
THE NAUTILUS. 119
beak having not a trace of radial sculpture, but only a fine, concen-
tric sulcation. Hence the shell not only is not D. sfiuttleworthit, but
strictly speaking is not even a Diplodon. The beaks of D. shuttle-
worthii have " strongly, irregularly radiate, curved bars."
Mr. Bednall was unable to procure for me a single example of D.
vittatus Lea, or D. evansii A. & A., or of D, wilsonii, having un-
eroded beaks. But from the general similarity of the shells, it is, I
believe, more than probable that a subgenus composed of these and
possibly other Australian shells, having concentric beak sculpture or
none, should be made and the definition of Diplodon be correspond-
ingly broadened.
NOTES.
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PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED
A NEW PTEROPOD FROM NEW ENGLAND. — By C. H. Danforth,
(Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. xxxiv, pp. 1-19, pi. 1-4).
This new pteropod, Pxdoclione doliiformis, which also proves to
be a new genus, was taken in the plankton of Casco Bay, Me., on the
nights of Aug. 28 and Sept. 5, 6, 7 and 8, 1902. On a hasty ex-
amination it was referred to a larva of some gymnosomatous
pteropod. Later, in making some sections, they were found to be
sexually matured adults. " This genus does not properly fall under
any established family although perhaps it approaches most nearly
the Clionidse, from which it differs in having an odd number of
cephalocones and in having the entire posterior part of the body
filled by the viscera." The species is described as : " Transparent ;
120 THE NAUTILUS.
barrel-shaped ; small, about 1.5 mm. in length ; head when expanded
elliptical in outline ; anterior ciliated band broken up into segments ;
expanded parapodia (wings) flat, long-ovate ; middle lobe of foot
rather large." The author gives a very exhaustive account of ita
general features, musculature, digestive and nervous systems, heart
and nephridium, and the reproductive system. The paper is illus-
trated by four plates and two figures in the text — C. W. J.
THE HALIOTIS OR ABALONE INDUSTRY OF THE CALTFORNIAN
COAST. — By Mrs. M. Burton Williamson (Am. Hist. Soc. S. Cal.,
vol. vii, pp. 22-30, 1907). An exceedingly interesting account of
this important industry. The law protecting these shells is like the
law protecting the lobster on the Atlantic. The young are pro-
tected but those which produce young are not. The author asks the
pertinent question — " If these mollusks are destroyed as soon as old
enough to propagate, of what use to the State is the preservation of
the young ? " The present method in time can only lead to their
extermination. The shells should be protected at least during their
breeding period. — C. W. J.
THE MOLLTJSCA OF MAST HEAD REEF, CAPRICORN GROUP,
QUEENSLAND, Pt. II. — By C. Hedley (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S.
Wales, vol. 32, pp. 476-513, pis. 16-21, 1907). In this paper 37
new species are described and beautifully figured. A list containing
some 447 species from this reef, procured within a week, in a six-
mile radius from one spot, shows the richness of the fauna.
THE PYRAMIDELLID MOLLUSKS OF THE OREGONIAN FAUNAL
AREA — By WILLIAM H. DALL and PAUL BARTSCH (Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., XXXIII, pp. 491-534, pis. 44-48, 1907). The species
described in this paper have been selected from a monograph of West
American Pyramidellidoe upon which the authors have been at work
for some time, but which has been unavoidably delayed. The
Oregonian Fauna! Area includes the region extending from the
northern limit of the Alexander Archipelago southward along the
coast to Pt. Conception, Cal. Thirty-eight new forms are described
and beautifully figured together with many others already known
imperfectly from this region — C. W. J.
THE NAUTILUS.
VOL. XXI. MARCH, 1908. No. 11.
MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF THE SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS,
CALIFORNIA.
BY S. 8. BERRY.
In view of the extraordinary researches carried on in the neigh-
borincr regions of Arizona and New Mexico by Messrs. Ashmun,
O O «/
Ferriss, Pilsbry, and other recent collectors, the writer has often
wondered what might be the result of an equally diligent effort in
the mountain ranges of Southern California. But little work seems
to have been done in the region, and reports on that little are scat-
tered and fragmentary.
During the month of August, 1907, the writer spent two weeks
camping in the San Bernardino Mountains, California, arid although
he had other business on hand than the advancement of a hobby, he
kept his eyes open for mollusks, and is thus enabled to add another
fragment to the records.
The San Bernardino Mountains range in height from about five
thousand to nearly twelve thousand feet above sea-level, and abound
in grand and beautiful scenery. Extending, as they do in an
easterly-westerly direction, the northern slope of the mountains
drains into the Mojave Desert, the southern into the Pacific. No
mollusks whatever were found in the desert drainage, but the writer
was able to give only a superficial examination to all but one or two
spots, and has no doubt but that his collections represent a far from
complete index to the life of the region.
The canons and higher regions are well wooded, but the soil is
122 THE NAUTILUS.
generally dry at this time of the year, although there are numerous
brooks and rills, with here and there an open swampy meadow or
cienaga.
Bear Lake is a partly natural, partly artificial reservoir, some five
or six miles long by perhaps a half a mile wide, and about sixty-five
hundred feet above sea-level. It is the home of multitudes of small
forms, most of them being species of wide distribution. High up on
the mountain to the south of the lake is Bluff Lake, a small summer
resort, at an altitude of 7,550 feet. In this case the " Lake " is only
a large cienaga with a swamp at its lower end. This swamp, with
the creek which flows from it, proved a very interesting locality,
while all the land mollusks seen on the trip were found either under
sticks and logs at the edge of the meadow or nearby in the woods.
It is notable that none of the larger Helices were found, although
Glyptostorna newberryanum should occur here just as it does in the
neighboring San Gabriel Range, and I have seen living specimens
of Epiphragmophora tudiculata W. G. B. from the base of these
mountains.
A list of the species obtained is herewith appended :
Pisidium californicum Newcomb (?). Two " somewhat different
forms " were thus determined by Dr. Sterki, who says that P. cali-
fornicum itself is somewhat in doubt. They occur together, and are
rather common in the quieter pools of Bluff Lake Creek, in ditches
in the meadow, and in the swamp.
A number of minute Pisidia found in a spring on a nearby hill-
side are probably young of the same.
Pisidium (sp. ?). Two specimens from the swamp are of" differ-
ent shape from the remainder," according to Dr. Sterki, but whether
or not distinct he was unable to say.
Musculium raymondi J. G. Cooper. Found commonly in the
swamp, and rather rarely in the creek at Bluff Lake.
Valvata (sincera, Say ?) var. Bluff Lake Swamp (two speci-
mens) and in Bear Lake, where it seems fairly common on and
under stones.
Lymncea palustris Mull. A small variety of this species occurs
commonly in Bear Lake. It is extremely variable, generally tend-
ing toward the form called nuttalliana by Lea. The maximum
longitude of the numerous specimens collected in Bear Lake is but
about ten millimeters.
THE NAUTILUS. 123
Lymnxa palustris nuttalliana Lea. Occurring with the preceding
in Bear Lake and intergrading with it, this form is also abundant in
Bluff Lake Creek and the swamp at its head. The specimens from
these localities are very distinct and uniform, and several hundred
examples showed no tendency to grade into typical palustris. All
the specimens found here are very much larger and less fragile than
those from Bear Lake.
Physa cooperi Tryon. Common in Bear Lake, and a smaller
form was found in myriads in a watering trough on the City Creek
Canon Road. (Alt. about 2000 ft.)
Physa sp. May be a variety of the preceding with which it
occurs in Bear Lake, but it has a much more ventricose body-whorl.
Physa politissima Tryon. Bear Lake — common. A fine, large
species.
Planorbis irivolvis Say. Bear Lake ; Bluff Lake Creek ; swamp
at Bluff Lake. Very common, but specimens generally much eroded.
Planorbis parvus Say. Swamp at Bluff Lake. Specimens identi-
fied by Dr. Pilsbry.
Planorbis vermicularis Gould. Not uncommon in Bear Lake.
Specimens identified by Dr. Ball. It seems to me that this species
is hardly more than a mere form of the preceding, although the
specimens from Bear Lake have a more rounded and less flattened
body-whorl, and are quite readily separated from those found in the
swamp.
Vitrina alaskana Ball. Two specimens under sticks in the
meadow at Bluff Lake.
Zonitoides arborea Say. About a dozen specimens found about
an old stump in the border of the woods at Bluff Lake.
Euconulus julvus Draparnaud. Bluff Lake ; two specimens under
logs at the edge of the meadow. This species has already been re-
ported from " San Bernardino County " by Binney.
Vertigo occidentalis Sterki. One specimen (the type, No. 1860
of my collection) was found near a spring in the canon side below
Bluff Lake Swamp. Diligent search on two occasions produced not
another specimen, but this was enough for Dr. Sterki to pronounce
as " evidently of an unknown species." It is described in NAUTILUS
XXI, p. 90, q. v.
Epiphragmophora tudiculata W. G. Binney. At the base of the
mountains near Highland (1904); near Mentone (1906); also re-
ported from above San Bernardino.
124 THE NAUTILUS.
SUBDIVISIONS OF THE TEREBRIDJE.
BY WILLIAM H. DALL.
Having recently had occasion to review the genera of Terebridse,
it seemed that the synoptical table might have some interest for
students.
Genus TEREBRA BruguiSre, 1789.
A. Presutural sulcus present.
Sculpture uniform at all ages, persistent, suture appressed. Sub-
genus STRIOTEREBRUM.
Shell short, small.
1. Sculpture reticulate. Section Strioterebrum s. s.
2. Axial sculpture emphatic, spiral obsolete. Fusoterebra.
3. Axial sculpture obsolete, spiral emphatic. Perirhoe.
Shell elongate, whorls mesially constricted.
4. Whorls nodulous at both margins. Triplostephanui.
B. Sculpture in youth and age discrepant. Subgenus TEREBRA.
6. Young nodulous, sulcus persistent. Section Myurella.
6. Young nodulous, sulcus present in youth. Terebra s. 8.
Young axially ribbed, sulcus persistent.
7. Adult slender, smooth. Subula.
8. Adult small, obsoletely ribbed. Abretia.
Sulcus obsolete in the adult.
9. Whorls rapidly enlarging. Oxymeris.
C. Sulcus wholly absent. Subgenus ACUMINIA.
10. Adult slender, smooth. Section Acuminia.
Genus HASTULA Adams, 1853.
Presutural sulcus absent, suture appressed.
A. Sculpture uniform, persistent.
o. Shells small, slender. Hastula s. s.
B. Sculpture discrepant.
b. Whorls rapidly enlarging. Impages.
Genus DUPLICARIA Ball, 1908.
A. Sculpture persistent, suture channeled.
a. Shell axially ribbed, eulcate. Duplicaria.
THE NAUTILUS. 125
Genus SPINEOTEREBRA Sacco, 1891.
A. Sulcus absent, suture appressed.
a. Columellar border callous, axis impervious. Spineoterebra.
b. Columellar border bare, axis pervious.1 Mazatlania.
This table is not intended to exhibit all, or even the more import-
ant characters upon which the main subdivisions (which will be
treated elsewhere) are based, but is rather a key by which the shells
may be conveniently assorted. The sections are typified as follows :
Strioterebrum Sacco, 1891. T. basteroti Nyst.
A recent example is T. dislocata Say.
Fusoterebra Sacco, 1891. Fusus terebrina Bonelli.
A recent example is T. benthalis Dall.
Perirhoe Dall, 1908 (nov.). T. circumcincta Deshayes.
An American example is Acus rushii Dall.
Triplostephanus Dall, 1908 (nov.). Terebra triseriata Gray.
This is Myurella Hinds, in part.
Terebra s. s. Lamarck, 1799. T. subulata (Linnd).
Myurella Hinds, s. s. 1844. Terebra myuros Lam.
Subula s. s. (Schumacher, 1817) Gray, 1847. T. dimidiata
(LinnS).
Abretia H. and A. Adams, 1853. T. cerithina Lam.
Oxymerit Dall, 1900. Terebra maculata Lam.
This is Acus Gray, 1847, not Edwards, 1771.
Acuminia Dall, 1908 (nov.). T. lanceata (Linne*).
Hastula H. and A. Adams, 1853. T. strigillata Lam.
Impages E. A. Smith, 1873. T. ccerulescens Lam.
Duplicaria Dall, 1908 (nov). T. duplicate Lam.
This is Myurella Troschel, not of Hinds.
Mazatlania Dall, 1903. T. aciculata Lam.
Spineoterebra Sacco, 1891. T. spinulosa Doderlein. Miocene.
Mazatlania is Euryta Adams, 1853, not of Gistel, 1848.
1 1 use the term " pervious " technically, to denote an axis gyrate about an
empty space which penetrates the center of the shell internally, in contradis-
tinction to " umbilicate " or " perforate," which would imply a space external
to the inner wall of the whorls and circumscribed by them.
126 THE NAUTILUS.
NEW SPECIES OF ANCYLID.E.
BY BRYANT WALKER.
NEOPLANORBIS SMITHII n. sp. PI. IX, figs. 1 and 2.
Shell minute, planorboid, perforate, slightly convex above and
below ; periphery obtusely angulate ; thin, translucent, whitish, shin-
ing with a silky luster from the fine, closely set, regular lines of
growth. No trace of spiral sculpture. Whorls 2, rapidly enlarging ;
apex sunken ; the last half of the first whorl elevated above the out-
line of the body whorl ; apical whorl convex, the convexity rapidly
diminishing towards the aperture ; suture well impressed, rising
somewhat at the aperture ; aperture large, oblique, slightly ex-
panded, equally curved above and below ; columellar margin dilated,
straight and vertical, callously thickened below, smooth ; umbilicus
a mere perforation.
Alt. 1, diam. 2 mm.
Types (No. 27149, Coll. Walker) from the Coosa river at Hig-
gin's Ferry, Chilton Co., Ala. Co-types in the collection of T. H.
Aldrich, Geo. H. Clapp, John B. Henderson, Jr., and the Phila-
delphia Academy.
This little species differs from tantillus and all the other known
forms of the genus by the entire absence of spiral sculpture and the
elevation of the spire above the level of the body whorl. The animal
is black and the shell consequently appears of that color until cleaned.
NEOPLANORBIS UMBILICATUS n. sp. PI. IX, figs. 3 and 4.
Shell minute, planorboid, umbilicate, convex above and below,
but flattened above as it approaches the aperture and obliquely flat-
tened below the periphery ; periphery obtusely carinate ; brownish
horn-color ; lines of growth fine and regular ; surface sculptured by
raised spiral lines, which are heavier below than above the periphery.
Whorls 2, rapidly enlarging, apex sunken ; apical whorl very con-
vex ; body whorl nearly flat in the sutural region, but curving down
rapidly toward the peripheral carination ; suture well impressed and
depressed below the periphery at the aperture ; aperture large,
wider than high, flattened above and below, the upper and lower
margins being nearly parallel, obliquely flattened below the per-
iphery ; columellar margin broadly dilated, curved and partially
THE NAUTILUS, XXI
PLA1 E IX.
6
10
8
13
17
11
15
16
18
14
WALKER- NEW SPECIES OF
THE NAUTILUS. 127
covering the umbilicus; columella curved, with a heavy callus and
obtuse tubercle in the center ; umbilicus round and deep. The
animal is yellowish.
Alt. 1, diam. 2 mm.
Types (No. 27150 Coll. Walker) from the Coosa River at " The
Bar" 2^ miles above Yellowleaf Creek, Chilton Co., Ala. Cotypes
in the collection of T. H. Aldrich, Geo. H. Clapp, John B. Hender-
son, Jr., and the Philadelphia Academy.
This species resembles tantillus in being spirally striate but differs
in being umbilicate and in having a tooth on the columella, as well
as in the general shape. It does not resemble smithii in any of its
special features, and differs from carinatus in being more obtusely
carinate and in the wider umbilicus and stronger spiral striation.
NEOPLANORBIS CARINATUS n. sp. PI. IX, figs. 17 and 18.
Shell minute, planorboid, narrowly umbilicate, nearly flat above,
convex below, but obliquely flattened below the peripheral carina,
which is strong, but rather blunt ; pale horn-color ; lines of growth
fine, closely set and regular, sculptured above by a few fine sub-
obsolete spiral lines, stronger towards the periphery ; under surface
with numerous fine spiral lines heavier than on the upper. Whorls
2, rapidly enlarging ; apex sunken ; apical whorl somewhat flattened
above, convexly rounded at the periphery which, at about the be-
ginning of the body whorl, becomes angulate and then carinate ; the
body whorl above is slightly convex in the center, but flattened
toward the suture, and " pinched out " at the periphery to form the
carina ; suture well impressed, descending toward the aperture below
the periphery ; aperture large, much wider than high and auricu-
lated at the periphery by the carina ; upper and lower margins flat-
tened and nearly parallel ; columellar margin dilated, free, slightly
curved back over the small, round umbilicus, and obtusely angled
where it joins the basal margin ; columella somewhat thickened,
with a small obtuse tubercle at about the center.
Alt. 1, diam. 2 mm.
Types (No. 27151, Coll. Walker) from the Coosa river at Dun-
can's Riffle, Coosa Co., Ala. Cotypes in the collections of T. H.
Aldrich, Geo. H. Clapp, John B. Henderson, Jr., and the Phila-
delphia Academy.
In form the species reminds one of a minute Planorbis oper-
128 THE NAUTILUS.
cularis Gld., its most prominent characteristic being the nearly
plane upper surface with a strong peripheral carina. It resembles
umbilicatus in being spirally striate and having a columellar tooth,
but differs in the greater development of the carina, narrower umbili-
cus and in having the spiral lines much weaker. It differs from
tantillus in the greater development of the carina, in the small but
round umbilicus, dentate columella and weaker spiral striation. The
animal is black.
All these species of Neoplanorbis were discovered by Mr. Herbert
H. Smith in the fall of 1907. They live on the under sides of stones
in the more or less rapid current and in suitable localities are very
abundant. Mr. Smith took 50 from one small stone. Neoplanorbis
seems very local in its distribution. It may be abundant on one
shoal and not found at all on another. And on the same shoal, it is
frequently restricted to one side of the river or the other.
In his progress down the river in 1907, Mr. Smith did not find
Neoplanorbis at all, until he reached Cedar Island, Chilton Co.,
three miles above the mouth of the Yellowleaf Creek, where a single
specimen of umbilicatus was found.
At " The Bar " two miles further down umbilicatus was found in
some abundance on stones in a strong current, while at the same
place carinatus was found in a moderate current. There was no
intermingling of the species in these two situations. Umbilicatus
was not met with below this point.
At Butting Ham Shoals, five miles below, in a moderate current,
the catch was almost entirely carinatus, the exception being three
specimens of smilhii.
At Higgins' Ferry, seven miles further down stream, in a moderate
current, with the exception of a single example of carinatus, the
several hundred specimens were all smithii.
While at Duncan's Riffle seven miles below, the catch contained
two specimens of smithii, the balance being carinatus.
Duncan's Riffle is twenty-four miles by river above Wetumpka, so
that, in view of these facts, it is not surprising that N. tantillus was
not met with at all.
The following key may be of assistance in differentiating the four
species of Neoplanorbis now known :
1. Umbilicate, columella dentate 3.
2. Perforate, columella smooth 4.
THE NAUTILUS.
129
3.
4.
r Periphery carinate, umbilicus narrow carinatui.
(Periphery obtusely angled, umbilicus wider. . . . umbilicatut.
( Spirally striate, periphery carinate tantillus.
(_No spiral striae, periphery rounded tmithii.
VITEEA LEWISIANA N. SP.
BY GEO. H. CLAPP.
Shell small, depressed widely, perspectively umbilicate, all whorla
showing to the apex, umbilicus contained about five times in the
diameter of the shell ; yellowish-white, translucent, the inner whorls
Upper figures, Vitrea lewisiana Clapp. Type, 18.
Lower figures, " dalliana ' Simpson ' Pils. x8. Miami, Fla.
showing through the body of the shell, highly polished ; the delicate
growth lines are very regularly spaced and close together, smooth
below. Spire much flattened ; sutures well impressed, margined ;
whorls 3^, slightly convex, the last wide. Aperture oblong-lunate,
depressed above, lower margin parallel with the base, lip simple.
Gr. diam. 3^, lesser 2.8, alt. l£ mm.
Type from Monte Sano, near Huntsville, Ala., also found at
Wetumpka and Gurley, Ala., so probably extends over the whole
eastern part of the state. Bare. Collected by Herbert H. Smith.
130 THE NAUTILUS.
I name this species in honor of the late Dr. Jas. Lewis, whose
work on the southern mollusca is well known.
The color, and particularly the very regular, close lines of growth
at once distinguish this shell from all other species. It is perhaps
nearest to V. dalliana, but differs in color, shape and sculpture. In
dalliana there is a very minute spiral sculpture, not mentioned in
the original description, and only visible under a magnification of
about 60 diameters.
NOTES.
NOTE ON HELIX HORTENSIS — In my article on the distribution
of Helix hortensis (THE NAUTILUS, XX, p. 73, 1906). I over-
looked a very interesting article by Robert Bell, Jr., " On the
Natural History of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and the distribution of
the mollusca of Eastern Canada." (The Canadian Naturalist and
Geologist, IV p. 215, 1859). As the note on H. hortensis has an
important bearing on its distribution and is probably inaccessible to
many, I quote it in full : " It seems scarcely credible that this
species has been imported from Europe, considering how widely
diffused and vastly numerous it has become along the Lower St.
Lawrence. On the mainland it was first observed on Mount Com-
inis, about nine miles south of St. Luce and on the coast at Metir,
where it was abundant and below which it seems to occupy the place
of H. albolabris, but is generally much more numerous. In 1857, I
found vast numbers of them on the Brandy Pots and Hare Island in
the middle of the St. Lawrence opposite Riviere du Loup. The
climate of Gaspe seems to be very favorable to their propagation, as
they appear to have spread over the country for a considerable dis-
tance in land. The yellow and banded varieties seem to be about
equally numerous. Where land has been recently cleared and burnt
over, their withered shells may be seen strewed in thousands over the
surface of the soil. In the valley of the Marcouin they were
observed to extend 121 miles inland, which was farther than at any
other place. The height at which the last specimen was found was
about 1500 feet above the sea, as indicated by the barometer which
we had with us. The young from the size of a grain of duck shot
to half that of the adult shell were met with in our journey up this
valley in the end of July." With this record as a basis it would be
THE NAUTILUS. 131
interesting to know to what extent the species has spread during the
past fifty years, or whether with advancing civilization and the
clearing and burning of the woods it has diminished. We have no
recent records outside of the Gaspe region — C. W. JOHNSON.
WE regret to announce the death of Charles Abbott Davis,
Curator of the Roger Williams Park Museum, Providence, R. I.
He died January 29, at the age of thirty-nine years.
NOTE ON TURBONILLA CASTANEA AND ODOSTOMIA MONTEREY-
ENSIS. — In the hurry of departure for the Philippine Islands, Dr.
Bartsch applied to two new Pyramidellids in our recent paper (No.
1574) in the U. S. Nat. Museum Proceedings, the names Turbonilla
(Pyrgiscus) castanea (p. 509) and Odostomia (Amaura) montereyensis
D. and B., (p. 531). These names being preoccupied, I propose to
substitute T. (P.) castanella and 0. (A.) ccurfteldi — WM. H. DALL.
MlLAX GAGATES AND VlTREA CKLLARIA IN COLORADO Four
of my students, Messrs. Walter Groom, Floyd House, Merrit Hunt
and William Winner, recently examined the greenhouses of Boulder
for Mollusca, to be used for class purposes. Quite to my surprise,
they obtained five species, two of which had not previously been
found in Colorado. V- alliaria was first found in Colorado last
year, also in a Boulder greenhouse. The species obtained were :
(1) Milax gagates (Drap.). Many, of various ages, all of the
variety plumbea, and with the keel rather inconspicuous in life.
They probably came from the Pacific coast, and represent the hewstoni
form, which I have never been able to separate from gagates.
(2) Agriolimax agrestis (L.). Several, from light reddish to
almost wholly black.
(3) Agriolimax campestris (Binney). One.
(4) Vitrea cellaria (Miiller). Many specimens, some of good size.
(5) Vitrea alliaria (Miller). Several, with the garlic odor very
strong.
P. S., Feb. 6. — The examination of the Boulder greenhouses has
been continued, and to-day Mr. Ivan Beck brought in a number of
Vitrea lucida (Drap.), also new to Colorado. One specimen has a
diameter of almost 15 mm. There was also secured an example of
Vitrea cellaria, var. margaritacea Schmidt, the white variation. As
the introduced species of Vitrea are not very generally known, a
brief table mayfcbe of service.
132 THE NAUTILUS.
Shell small, about 6 mm. diameter ; shell and animal both quite
dark ; in life nearly always with a strong garlic odor.
V. alliaria (Miller).
Shell much larger when mature, and not smelling of garlic.
Shell about 10 mm. diameter, compact, nearly circular in out-
line, pale brownish or (var. margaritacea) white; animal
pale, darker dorsally. V. cettaria (Miiller).
Shell larger when mature, broader, with the last whorl broader
and flatter, dark-colored ; animal very dark bluish or bluish
slate, the basis of the upper tentacles swollen.
V. lucida (Draparnaud).
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
PUBLICATIONS KECEIVED.
BERMUDA IN PERIODICAL LITERATURE, with occasional refer-
ences to other works : A Bibliography, by George Watson Cole
1907. Pp. xii+275. " By far the greater part of what has been
written concerning Bermuda has appeared in various periodicals and
the publications of learned societies. These writings may roughly
be divided into historical and descriptive, and those relating to natural
history. Of history, properly speaking, little has appeared ; but
many descriptive articles have been written by tourists and others
who have visited those beautiful islands. Their geographical situa-
tion and subtropical fauna and flora early attracted the attention of
those interested in scientific phenomena. Soon after beginning this
work it became apparent to the compiler that the Bermudas have for
the past half-century been a favorite field of the zoologist, botanist
and geologist. Bearing this in mind, a special effort has been made
to render the record of their labors as complete as possible. In
order to do this, references are made to some works which are
not periodicals, mostly, however, by authors who have also made
contributions to periodical literature concerning the flora and fauna
of those islands."
The scope of this work is sufficiently indicated in the above quota-
tion from the author's preface. Mr. Cole has made the bibliography
of Bermuda a labor of love for many years, and the number of titles
brought together here will surprise even those who have been inter-
ested in things Bermudian. The notes given under all important
titles amount to a digest of the papers. Thus in dealing with biolo-
gical articles, all species described from Bermuda are cited, and ex-
tracts are given to show what of interest any paper contains. To the
naturalist interested in Bermuda the work will take its place as an
indispensable reference book ; but Mr. Cole's delightful notes give
the opus a merit all its own ; it is really a readable bibliography.
H. A. P.
THE NAUTILUS, XXI.
PLATE XI
10
9
8
NEW AMERICAN MOLLUSKS.
THE NAUTILUS.
Vou XXI. APRIL, 19O8. No. 12.
NOTES ON PLATE XI.
Several references to the figures grouped on this plate were pub-
lished before the plate was made up, and require correction in the
text.
Figs. 1, 2, 3, Polygyra marteusiuna Pils., Tampico, Mexico.
Described in the July number, p. 26. The dimensions are wrongly
given in the text. The type measures, alt. 5.5, diain. 11 mm.,
another specimen, alt. 4.8, diam. 8.8 mm.
Fig. 4, Flumiiricola minntissima Pils. Idaho. Description in
November number, p. 76. Alt. 1.5 mm.
Fig. 5, Vertigo occidentalis Sterki. Bluff Lak^. San Bernardino
Co., California. Described on p. 90. In our opinion this form
should be ranked as a subspecies under V. modesta nearest to V.
modesta castanea St., from which it differs in the shorter, wider, less
cylindric shape, and the slightly larger teeth. If this view is correct
it will stand, as V. modesta occidentalis, among several other slightly
differentiated races of modesta, all variable, and especially developed
in the Canadian zone of the Rocky Mountains.1 V- m. occidentalis is
illustrated from the unique type, by courtesy of Mr. S. S. Berry.
It is No. 1860 of his collection. See also p. 123.
Figs. 6-10, Micrarionta desertorum Pils. & Ferr. Described on p.
134. H. A. P.
'See in this connection the figures in Pilsbrj and Vanatta, Partial Revision
of the American Pupae, 1900, p. 600, pi. 23.
184 THE NAUTILUS.
A NEW MICHARIONTA FROM ARIZONA.
BY H. A. PILSBRT AND .1. H. FERRISS.
When at the Grand Canyon of the Colorado in the autumn of
1906 the writers met Mr. W. J. Gilchrist, who at that time was about
to leave the Canyon for the mining region of the lower Colorado. Be-
sides various friendly and helpful services in connection with our
work at the Canyon, Mr. Gilchrist volunteered to look out for snails
in the region he was about to visit. It was with a great deal of
pleasure that one of us received a letter and package of snails, making
good his offer of assistance.
In that desert country snails are not common, and for a long
time none were found. Finally, Mr. Gilchrist writes, " I was build-
ing a stone monument on a mining claim just after a heavy rain and
found three live snails on a rock. These and four dead ones were
all I have been able to find. They came from a small range of
mountains 12 miles south from Parker, Yuma Co., Arizona."
The snails prove to be of a new species, which may be described
as follows.
MICRARIONTA DESERTORUM n. sp. Plate xi, figs. 6-10.
The shell is small, depressed, openly umbilicate, the width of
umbilicus contained nearly 5 times in that of the shell, glossy, opaque,
pinkish-white with some oblique streaks of flesh-color, and sometimes
a few corneous dots ; the inner 2^ whorls fleshy-corneous. The
spire is convex but very low, whorls about 4^, the inner ones rather
slowly increasing, the last much wider, about double the width of the
preceding. The embryonic shell consists of l£ whorls, the first
fourth of a whorl smooth, the rest with close, even sculpture of min-
ute papillae, which are lengthened in a direction parallel to the
sutures, and form a regular pattern of oblique, forwardly descending
and ascending rows. The post-embryonic whorls have fine, irregu-
lar, somewhat wavy striae in the direction of growth-lines, and papillae
like those of the embryonic whorls but much more sparsely placed,
and disappearing near the end of the penultimate whorl. The last
whorl has weak growth-lines only. It is rounded periferally and
descends slowly to the aperture. The suture is deeply impressed,
especially at the last whorl. The aperture is oblique, rounded-oval.
THE NAUTILUS. 135
Peristome slightly expanded, with a narrow, rusty edge ; upper and
outer margins very slightly expanded ; basal margin more expanded ;
columellar margin rather broadly dilated. The ends converge and
are joined by a short glossy callus.
Alt 7.5, diam. 12.9, aperture alt. 5.8, width 6.7 mm.
Alt. 6.8, diam. 11.6 mm.
Alt. 6.7, diam. 11.1 mm.
The whole upper surface, head and tentacles, are blackish-slate
color, finely irregularly granulose. There are no distinct dorsal or
genital furrows. The sole is tripartite, the areas separated by indis-
tinct longitudinal impressed lines, in drowned alcoholic examples.
The middle area is twice as wide as the others, slaty-white ; side
areas darker slate color. The mantle is whitish, the venation of the
lung outlined delicately with gray.
The genital system (pi. XI, fig. 9) resembles that of M, hutsoni.
The penis (p.~) is swollen near the base, and has a slender retractor
muscle {p. r.), and a moderately long flagellum. The vagina is
very short, the spermatheca globular, its duct very long, and in-
serted unusually low, much farther down than in M. hutsoni. The
dart sack (d. s.) is large, and near its base, on the side facing the
vagina, the two mucus glands (m. gl.} are inserted close together (as
shown in fig. 10, a diagrammatic view of these organs). The mucus
glands descend and their enlarged ends lie near the base of the dart
sack. The measurements are : length of penis (to insertion of re-
tractor), 3 mm. ; length of epiphallus, 1.8 mm. ; length of flagellum,
4 mm. ; length of vagina, 1.8 mm. The jaw has about 6 unequal
ribs, grouped in its median part.
This species is doubtless related to both Sonorella baileyi and S.
fisheri Bartsch, both of which differ in various details of sculpture.
It stands nearest to Micrarionta hutsoni Clapp, having the same type
of embryonic sculpture ; but that species has a dark band above the
perifery, bordered with white above, and a much larger aperture.
Cotypes are in the collections of Ferriss and the Academy of
Natural Sciences (No. 94783).
The anatomical data obtained from living examples of the species
hutsoni and desertorum by the junior author, indicate that we went
too far in referring species from the lower Colorado basin to the
genus Sonorella. It now seems likely that the species wolcottiana,
tndioensis, baileyi, fisheri, lohrii, and perhaps some others, belong to
136 THE NAUTILUS.
Micrarionta ; a group which should apparently be given generic
rank. Anatomically, Sonorella is not closely related to the Micra-
rionta series, which has its center in southern and Lower California,
and the adjacent border of Arizona. Data to be presented in our
forthcoming report on southwestern snails collected in 1906 and
1907 indicate that Sonorella, while remarkably varied in anatomy
specifically, yet shows no forms in any way connecting with the Cali-
fornian types of Helices.
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.
Plate XI, figs. 6, 7, 8. M. desertorum.
Fig. 9, genitalia of the same specimen; d. s., dart sack ; epi.t epi-
phallus ; _/?.. flagellum ; m. gl.t mucus glands ; p., penis ; sp. d., lower
portion of the duct of the spermatheca. The mucous glands and their
ducts are shaded.
Fig. 10. Diagram of dart sack and mucous glands viewed from
the side towards the vagina, showing the contiguous insertions of the
mucous ducts.
SOME NEW CALIFOENIAN SHELLS.
BT WILLIAM HEALEY DALL.
RISSOA (ALVANIA) GRIPPIANA Dall, n. sp.
Shell small, brownish, solid, cancellate, with one and a half smooth
nuclear and five and a half sculptured whorls, nucleus flattish,
blunt, remaining whorls rotund, evenly enlarging ; last whorl with
13-14 axial ribs crossed by somewhat more slender, equal, equidis-
tant, spiral threads not tuberculate at the intersections, with three
somewhat stouter spirals on the base ; earlier whorls with two and
then three spiral threads between the sutures ; suture indistinct,
aperture obovate, rounded in front, slightly angular behind, with a
much thickened lip which in senile specimens is duplex at the mar-
gin. There is a very minute chink but no umbilicus. Length 8,
max. diam. 1.5 mm.
Type specimens from Todos Santos Bay, Lower California, be-
tween tides, Hemphill, U. S. Nat. Mus. 46171 ; others from 12
fathoms sand, off the entrance to San Diego harbor, C. W. Gripp 5
THE NAUTILUS. 137
others at various localities north to San Pedro and Catalina Island,
California, mostly bench specimens. The species recalls It. tumida
Carpenter, but is much more elevated, though less so than R. tn«
curvata Cpr., which is also a thinner shell. All three have very
nearly identical sculpture.
BELA GRIPPI Dall, n. sp.
Shell small, straw-color or pale brown with occasional spiral bands
of darker brown, or all brown ; six-wborled, of which the first whorl
and a half are white, polished, smooth and turgid, the subsequent
portion of the shell having a dull surface ; earlier whorls with the
periphery nearer the anterior suture, the whorl behind the periphery
somewhat flattened and compressed, crossed by low obscure riblets,
about a dozen on the fourth whorl, which become obsolete later ; the
whorl in front of the periphery shows no axial sculpture ; the whole
whorl is spirally sculptured with narrow sharp incised lines, one
dividing the space behind the periphery, and about five in front of
the periphery on the penultimate whorl ; on the last whorl between
the periphery and the siphonal fasciole there are about twelve of
these lines, though they probably vary in number with the indi-
vidual, while the incremental lines are moderately conspicuous ;
outer lips thin, simple ; pillar lips with a small deposit of white
callus ; aperture narrow, lunate ; canal very short, wide, with an in-
conspicuous fasciole. Length 9, of spire 5, of aperture 4 ; max.
diam. 3.5 mm.
Dredged off San Diego Bay, about five miles south of the entrance
in fifteen fathoms, by C. W. Gripp, on a bottom of broken shell.
This is a very well marked species, hardly to be compared with any
other known from the coast. Seven specimens were obtained of
which two are in Mr. Gripp's collection.
The shell has much the aspect of an Anachis but one specimen
retained the dried animal and by carefully soaking it out it proved to
be a Pleurotomoid, with a short oval operculum with apical nucleus
like that of Beta, though the shell from the absence of the strong
axial ribs characteristic of most of the northern Belas has a very
different aspect from the familiar forms of that genus. The animal
is white, with short acute tentacles and very small black eyes.
138 THE NAUTILUS.
NEW SPECIES OF ANCYLID.E.
BY BRYANT WALKER.
ANCYLUS (FERRISSIA) HENDERSONI n. sp. PI. ix, figs. 8-10.
Shell small, thin, delicate, oval, slightly wider anteriorly, right
side nearly straight, left side regularly curved ; obtusely elevated ;
light horn-colored, apex very obtuse, depressed, not projecting above
the normal outline of the shell, and only slightly deflected toward the
right ; apical pit in the centre and looking upwards ; apical striae
strong and regular, originating from the circumference of the apical
pit and projecting down towards the whole upper surface of the shell,
becoming lighter and more irregular below, comparatively few reach-
ing the edge of the shell ; lines of growth irregular, but rather strong,
giving a reticulated appearance to the surface where they cross the
radial striae ; anterior slope, especially above, very convex, the high-
est point of the shell being in front of the apex ; posterior slope
slightly concave, nearly straight ; left lateral slope convex, right
slope nearly straight.
Length 2.5, width 1.5, alt. .75 mm.
Type (No. 25707 Coll. Walker) from Lake Waccamaw, N. C.
Cotypes in the collections of Messrs. Jno. B. Henderson, Jr., and G.
W. H. Soelner, of Washington, D. C. This small species was found
by Messrs. Henderson and Soelner in the pools of the swampy woods
around the shore of Lake Waccamaw in the fall of 1906.
It is well characterized by its obtusely elevated shape, blunt apex
and radiating ribs or striae. In sculpture it resembles A. borealis
Mse., but differs from its thin, delicate shell, smaller size and differ-
ent proportions, being relatively less elevated and with a longer and
more sloping posterior outline.
ANCYLUS (FERRISSIA) NOVANGLI^E n. sp. PI. ix, figs. 5, 6 and 7.
Shell small, depressed, elongate oval, sides nearly parallel, the
left being slightly more curved than the right ; regularly rounded at
the extremities; apex prominent, bluntly rounded, situated on the
posterior third, very eccentric, turned decidedly to the right, apical
striae prominent ; lines of growth fine and regular ; anterior slope
long, convex with numerous, fine, radiating ribs, which extend to
the periphery ; posterior slope oblique, nearly straight below the
THE NAUTILUS. 139
swell of the apex ; left slope very convex, more or less compressed
toward the apex ; right slope nearly straight below the protrusion of
the apex.
Length 3.25, width 1.75, alt. 1 mm.
Types (No. 22502 Coll. Walker) from a small pond near Cam-
bridge, Mass., collected by Owen Bryant. Cotypes in collections of
Mr. Bryant and the Philadelphia Academy.
This little species is easily distinguished by its narrow, elongated,
depressed form, very eccentric apex and the costulate anterior slope.
ANCYLUS (FERRISSIA) HINKI.EYI, n. sp. PI. ix, figs. 11-13.
Shell oval, slightly wider anteriorly, sides equally curved, ele-
vated, conic ; apex nearly central, being only slightly behind the
longitudinal center and very slightly deflected toward the right,
acute, erect, with strong radial strias ; light greenish horn color with
the apex bright rose color ; anterior slope slightly convex, posterior
slope slightly concave, lateral slopes of about the same slight con-
vexity ; surface smooth, lines of growth fine, but irregular, no trace
of ribs or radial stria?, except at the apex. Length 4.75, width 3.5,
alt. 2.25 mm.
Type (256G1 Coll. Walker) from the Ohio River at Golconda, 111.
Cotypes in the collection of A. A. Hinkley, DuBois, 111. Also from
the Ohio at Elizabelhtown, 111. (Coll. Hinkley), and from Kentucky.
(Coll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.).
Four specimens were submitted for examination by Mr. Hinkley
from the above localities. In two of the specimens, in which the
apices are not at all eroded, the truncation is oblique, the apical pit
opening towards the left. The right margin of the truncation is
high and smooth, the apical strias beginning just below the smooth
border of the truncation. On the left and lower margin of the pit
the apical strias radiate from the center. A. liinldeyi by reason of
its rosy apex groups, apparently, with A. elatior,jilosus and rhodacme.
Unfortunately the shells had been cleaned, so that at present it is
impossible to say whether it shares the anatomical peculiarities com-
mon to those forms.1
It differs from elatior by its smaller size, acute, erect apex and
1 These species and probably all the pink-tipped Ancyli have a very peculiar
lingual dentition, quite different from any of the other Ancyli and form a group
of probably generic rank, a full description of which will be published shortly.
140 THE NAUTILUS.
concave posterior slope. It stands nearest to A. Jilosus from which
it differs by the nearly central, acute apex, proportionately longer
and concave posterior and less convex anterior slope and smooth
surface. It is so entirely different in shape from rhodacme that
there is no danger of confounding them.
The two specimens from Kentucky, received by the Am. Mus.
of Nat. Hist, from Anthony as A. elatior are apparently identical
with this species (see NAUT. XVIII, p. 79).
ANCTLUS (L^EVPAPEX) HEMISPH^ERICUS n. sp. PL ix, figs. 14, 15
and 16.
Shell obtusely elevated, broadly oval or subcircular, sides almost
equally rounded ; apex subcentral, very obtuse and only slightly in-
clined toward the right ; smooth, light yellowish horn color ; anterior
slope very convex, posterior somewhat less so ; lateral slopes about
equally convex, the left being as usual, somewhat the longer ;
lines of growth rather prominent and irregular, more or less rippled
by subobsolete, irregular radial striae.
Length (type) 3.5, width 3, alt. 1.5 mm.
Length (cotype) 3.8, width 3.1, alt. 1.8 mm.
Length (Decatur) 4.1, width 3.25, alt. 1.8 mm.
Types (No. 20785 Coll. Walker) from Georgia. Cotypes in the
collections of the Kent Scientific Museum, Grand Rapids, Mich.,
and the Philadelphia Academy. Also from Decatur, Alabama.
The type lot formed part of the DeCamp collection now in the
Kent Scientific Museum. Unfortunately no definite locality is
given and no further information as to the history of the specimens
is attainable.
This species is very distinct by its globose, almost hemispherical
shape. None of the shells have a perfect apex.
The type is not quite full grown, but was selected as being less
eroded and showing more exactly the contour of the shell. The
other measurements given are from mature shells which show the
length and width accurately, but owing to erosion are proportionately
less elevated. With the erosion of the apex the anterior and
posterior slopes have nearly the same convexity, and the specific
name adopted becomes even more appropriate than In the type.
The specimens from Decatur, Ala., also collected by De Camp, are
slightly larger and heavier than the types, but evidently the same
•peoiea.
THE NAUTILUS. 141
CLAMS AND THE EARTHQUAKE.
BY ROBERT E. C. STEARNS.
Under the head of " Abalones and the Earthquake," in the April,
1907, number of THE NAUTILUS, my brief article contained all that
I had been able to learn up to the preceding February, of the effect
of the earthquake of April 18th, 1906, upon the marine life of the
coast The Abalones (Haliotis) in the neighborhood of Morro Rock,
about 190 miles south of the entrance to San Francisco Bay, were
found in abundance, but all dead, and the earthquake it was pre-
sumed did the killing. Recently the Indians and the Spanish popu-
lation about Marshall's and Tomales Bay, who for several years have
been engaged in supplying the local "clam" Paphia staminea Conr.
(= 2apcs staminea auct.), for the San Francisco market, have been,
it is so reported, thrown out of employment, the bay having become so
shallow as to preclude the use of boats, and clam-diggers state that
since the great earthquake no clams have been found there. In many
instances these toilers of the clam banks have been reduced to
poverty.
In and around Tomales Bay which is about fifty miles north of
the entrance to the Bay of San Francisco, the quake was far more
severe than at the southerly abalone locality mentioned, being in
the direct northwesterly line of the main movement. Dr. Gilbert1
remarks u the only notable water waves generated by the shock were
in Tomales Bay where a group of waves estimated to be 6 or 8 feet
high, came to the northeastern shore. The mud which forms the
bed of the bay, was shifted and ridged and more or less horizontal
displacement occurred as well as a marked shallowing of the waters."
At Bolinas, which is north of the Golden Gate, and about thirty miles
south of the Tomales locality, the shore of the lagoon or little inner
bay, the home, when I was there in June, 1866, of Tresus nutlalli
Conrad (Schizotharus nuttalli of Carpenter), was cracked, and the
mud near the head of the lagoon was disturbed as well as the general
region thereabout according to Mr. Gilbert. The "little round
clam " as the Tomales form is called, is a favorite with many epicures,
1 Bulletin No. 324. The San Francisco Earthquake, etc., etc., of April 18,
1906. Washington, 1907.
142 THE NAUTILUS.
but its tough little foot is not conducive to the happiness of persons
of feeble digestion. The fine clam Tresus is seldom, if ever, seen
on the stalls in the San Francisco markets. It is noble in size and
a patrician in quality, and makes a most delicious soup or chowder.
Los Angeles, Cat., March 8, 1908.
THE MOLLUSCA OF NORTH HAVEN, MAINE.
BY HENRY JACKSON, JR.
The Fox Islands constitute an archipelago in the mouth of Penob-
scot River. The largest of these islands is Vinal Haven, and next
in size and position is North Haven. On either side are bays rang-
ing from 4 to 8 fathoms in depth, with many varieties of bottom.
The land is equally well adapted for shell collecting, except that there
are practically no hard-wood trees. It is very peculiar that quite a
number of species have one small place in which they are abundant,
and they are not to be found elsewhere. The fresh-water shells have
a very fair chance ; there is a large pond about one mile long which
promises large returns in time. There are also several semi-marshy
tracts in which many smaller Limneas are found. Unfortunately I
have not been able to dredge beyond 30 fathoms. So it is to be
hoped that more species will soon be turned up.
My sincere thanks are due to Dr. Charles G. Weld, Prof. Edward
S. Morse, Mr. Dwight Blaney and Mr. C. W. Johnson, for identifi-
cation of various mollusks and other acts of kindness.
POLYPLACOPHORA.
Trachydermon ruber, Linn6. Trachydermon albus, Linne.
Common. Rather common.
PELECYPODA.
Nucula proximo, Say. Very Toldia myalis, Coutbouy. Rare.
common. Large specimens A few specimen dredged in
were found in four fathoms eight fathoms water.
mud. . Yoldia lucida, Loven. Two
Toldia limatula, Say. Very specimens dredged in twenty
common. Beautiful specimens fathoms mud. The eggs were
over two inches long were ob- in the shell.
tained.
THE NAUTILUS.
143
Yoldia ihraciceformis, Storer.
Several old broken valves and
an occasional young specimen.
Anodonta cataracta, Say.
Unio complanalus, Say.
Pecten magellanicus, Gmelin.
Pecten islandicus, Miiller. Rare.
Single valves occasionally.
Anomia simplex, d'Orbigny.
Anomia aculeata, Miiller.
Mytilus edulis, Linne".
Modiolaria nigra, Gray. Rare.
Several broken specimens.
Modiolaria discors, Linne.
Crenella glandu/a, Totten.
Crenella decussata, Montagu.
Rare. Same locality as G.
glandula.
Periploma fragilis, Totten.
Thracia conradi, Couthouy.
Rare.
Thracia myopsis, M oiler.
Pandora gouldiana, Dall.
Lyonsia hyalinn. Conrad. Com-
mon. Sandy mud, ten fathoms.
Lyonsia arenosa, Moller. TCx-
tremely rare. Same localities
as L. hyalina.
Cyclas islandica, Lin no*.
Asfarte undata, Gould.
Astarte sttbaequilatera, Sowerby.
Pisidiuin abditum, Hald.
Sphcerium partumeium, Say.
Venericardia novangl/'ce, Morse.
Rare.
Venericardia borealis, Conrad.
Thyasira gouldii, Philippi.
Cardium pinnulatum, Conrad.
Carditim ciliatum, Fabricius.
Rare.
Callocardia morrhuana, Linsley.
Rare.
Macoma balthica^ Linne.
Macom'i calcarea, Gmelin.
My a arenaria, Linn.
Saxicava arctica, Linn.
Lymnsea humilis, Say.
Lymnnea, umbilicata, Adams.
Lymnaza de.sidiosa, Say.
Lymnsea columella, Say.
SCAPHOPODA.
Dentulium entalis, Linne. Common in deep water, mud.
GAST1{(JPODA.
Acmsea alveus, Conrad. Very
common on Zostera marina.
Acmsea testudinalis, Miiller. Ra-
rer than alveus.
Lepeta cesca, Miiller.
Puncturella noachina, Linn.
Margarita helicina, Fabr.
Margarita groenlandica, Gmelin.
Very rare.
Nation c/ausa, Broderip & Sow-
erby. Rather rare.
Lunatla heros, Say.
Lunatia heros, var. triseriata,
Say. Very common. Found
both in deep and shallow water,
but never in company with
Lunatia heros.
Vehttina Isevigata, Linn.
144
THE NAUTILUS.
Velutina zonata, Gould. Rarer
than V. Ixvigata,
Crucibulum striatum, Say. Rare
alive. Common dead.
Littorina littorea, Linn.
Littorina rudis, Donovan.
Littorina palliata, Say.
Lacuna vincta, Montagu, on Zos-
tera marina.
Lacuna vincta, var. fusca. On
large Laminaria.
Cinaulaaculeus, Gould. Common
at base offucus.
Cingula carinata, Mighels &
Adams. Rare. A few speci-
mens in sandy mud, ten
fathoms.
Skenea platiorbis, Fabricius.
Amnicola limosa, Say.
Trichotropis borealis, Broderip
& Sowerby.
Purpura lapillus, Linn. Very
abundant ; var. imbricata is
also common.
Buccinum undatum, Linn.
Chrysodomus decemcostatus, Say.
Rather uncommon.
Tritonofusus stimpsoni, Morch.
Rare.
Tritonofusus pygmxus, Stimpson.
Nassa trivittata, Say.
Nassa obsoleta, Say.
Columbella rosacea, Gould. Rare.
Bela incisula, Verrill.
Bela nobilis, Moller. One speci-
men.
Bela harpularia, Couthouy.
Bela decussata, Couthouy. Rare,
in company with B. incisula.
Retusa gouldii, Couthouy. Rare
Retusa perfenuts, Might-Is.
Cylichna alba, Brown.
PULMONIFEBA.
Zoogenites harpa, Morse. Very
common.
Vallonia pulchella, Miiller.
Polygyra fraterna, Say.
Strobilops labyrinthica, Say.
Bifidaria pentodon, Say.
Pupilla muscorum, Linn^.
Vertigo gouldii, Binney.
Cochlicopa lubrica, Miiller.
Vitrea indentata, Say. One im-
mature specimen.
Vitrea. hammonis, Strom.
Zonitoides arborea, Say.
Pyramidula alternata, Say.
Pyramidula cronkhitei anthonyi,
Pilsbry.
Zonitoides exiguits, Stimpson.
Zonitoides minuscula, Binney.
Extremely rare.
Carychium exiffuum, Say.
Helicodiscus pareltelus, Say.
Aplexa hypnorum, Linn.
Succinea retusa, Lea.
Succinea avara, Say.
Succinea ovalis var. totteniana,
Lea.
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