DECLASSIFIED
■ n
APRIL 1915
NWC ARCHIVES
%
;
DECLASSIFIED
»*«W*A«issrajj
DECLASSIFIED °^^ '^T4
-»-vunuuil J
Access/an Year
No..
Not to ba take i
ARCHIVES OF U. S. NAVAL WAR COLLEGE
NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND
To be returned
^t-ac^ttpTt^ T*1" DOD'MEtfO OF Z MAY 1972, SUBJ:
^ 'TOW OF Mil R^COhDo
_i)a/)4cafc 1^ -
and. H&J&Diill^-BARBARCSi'.They art quite ?3»<3s£%ty golUg to try to sur-
prise the Russian Fleet, which had "been "bombarding points on the Anatol-
ian Coast, at different times, for several days until larch 31.
(j) I OH unable to learn definitely exactly the injuries
for which the BT2L9MT 3SLE-: (•x-OOBBEN) was undergoing repairs at 3 tenia,
hut know, among other things, she was seriously holed^at ,and helow,the
vmter line. While in Stenia she was kept surrounded by Torpedo 3oats,
and other snail Turkish craft, and the vicinity was guarded. Several
divers are known to have been irking on her.lTo guns were ever removed
from her and sent on shore, a3 was rumored at one time.
2. Black Sea.
(kjOn the morning of :'arch 23, about a dozen Russian
6vips,ei^ht,or alna, large, and three, or four, smal 1 ,, appeared off the
Black Sea entrance of the 3osphorr.?,^nd heavy smoke WftfB "p°n beyond
them. They bombarded the entranoe fro- 9.oo a.-:., till 10.00 a.m.Roumeli
r/ak lighthouse (0n European side) was slightly injured, and Anatelj
rak (.' sia side) lighthouse, forts, and town near it, received injuries.
It has boon impossible to ascertain exact dlttaajS (Sena yetftmt it was
not, in any way,serioU3. Three Turkish tor e do boats, which were on patrol
iff the entrance when the Russian Fleet ap{. eared, re treated into the
Bosphorus at full speed, aid one of them ran into, or made a poor landing
at, a small OhirtWt (3osphorus pasm.nger-boat ) wharf , be twen Therapia
and Buyukedere, injuring wharf considerably, and it is repotted .also the
torpedo boat somewhat.
(1) Heavy gunfiring,in d5 recti on of the Black 3ea,was
heard on the 8G0B*XOfftat Tophane.at different tl^estnoarly every day
from ;,r.arch 28 to I'arch 31 ,ln*lasi ve.
(m) The fallowing official statement was issued i'arch SI,
(translation) :-
'T,arch 31 ,1915:-Yeoterday the Russian Fleet,
despite having launched tvs thousand shots
against Zongouldak, j* ;^-li,and Coslou,on the
Country, ......... ....... . Turkey. Port* Constantinople.
Report from u. s. 3. scori ic it. 2?eed not, be returnee »
Date of Report....... ./pril 5,1915. - • --■. ... ■ L y^
* ■ rrsr-rr WS
1. Situation at Constantinople.
(a} There has been large movemiint| of troops in the
vicinity of Constantinople and thru the streets, at different tiroes,
during the last tT<so weeks, and it is believed they are being sent to
the Dardanelles, but this is not certain. Several hundred troops have
been seen marching thru Tophane into Stamhoul at about 8. CO p.m. , on
tvso occasions during the past week.
(b) The only coal coming in here now is small quanti-
ties on camel back from Zongaidak.
(c) The supply of gasoline in the city is very small,
t^ers is no sere ooraln^ in.
(d) Gold is now at an exchange of frfcia #4*25 to $4.30
to the Turkish pound, for American draft a. Its actual value is $4*404
per Turkish pound. This rate is due to the desire of many Greeks, and
ethers ,t#io have hoarded gold, to gat their aoisay into Amerloa.
(e) all the larger Turkish ships wei'e laying in the
Golden Bora, or port outside .undergoing drills and, apparently, minor
repair work, until April l,when they went up the Bosphoras*
(f ) 4 patrol of Turkish gunboats is maintained every
night between Seraglio point and Scutari. These run without lights.
(g) I searchlight, at Scutari, is also played -cross to-
ward Seraglio point every night. She gun.be at s, apparently, watch the il-
luminated section particularly. ,
(h) The German steamship GSFiiHAI"ttied up at Tophane
7/harf, which has been in use as a sort of unofficial flagship of the
German Vice-admiral Scuchon recentl£,has apparently been using bwe
lights to serve for navigational purposes for the patrolling gunboats,
or something lately, aa regular flashes are made continuously, at regular
interval 8, dm ing the night.
(i) The repairs on the SULTAN SSL3B (ex-GO 13 "^T), which
have base going on for some time, were completed fca the past we^.k,and
she left 3tenia,at nocn,ipril l,and stood out into the Black Sea, ac-
companied ^y the MIBULI (e3c-BRa5LA.tr) ; HEMA J3I SH;I.: 8£ JIDT 3H; KBgSg
Country. ......... Turkey*
Heport from U.3.S.3CCEPICK.
Date of Report* . .....April 5,1915*
Sage 2.
Port* • , . , Constantinople.
coast of the Black Sea, re tired to the
If 9dv without having succeeded in effect-
ing any important damage* Only several
houses were destroyed, and some mahonnes
(small native barges) were sunk; The
aviators, that the enemy had flying dur-
ing the "bombardment, were repulsed "by our
fire"*
/aa matter of fact the Russian Fleet probably bombarded the various
Turkish towns, and ports mentioned, during the days shots were heard,
(from Sarah 28 - 31, inclusive)*
&«Ucur&£tu*. M As rep6rted above the Turkish Fleet, including the
ffTjyFErSrl (ex-Goeben) stood cut into the Black Sea at noon,April 1.
(o) I Rnfldift patrol of torpedo boats is maintained at
Black Sea entrance of 3osphorus,day and night,
(p) I am informed, by reliable source, that the coal mines
and ??praratus,railways,&c. ,at Zongaldak have been really serlnnsly dam-
aged,and that there is very little chance of an?/ more coal being receiv-
ed in Constantinople for somea time.
3» Dardanelles*
(q) .'11 foreign and native civilians were sent from the
region of the straits a month ago*
(r) It is admitted that the outer forts,Kum-Kale and
Sad -el -Bohr, were destroyed in the recent bo mbar Omenta, and that part of
the outer mine field was successfully swept*
(s) /. s mentioned in last Heport, the American Ambassador
made a more, or less,mysterious^£rip to the Dardanelles recently ,but has
given out no information, except that the sinking of the BCU73T,and cer-
tain British ships thoro,was effected by gunfire, and not by mines*
(t) Several well informed Turkish officials and paroon-
ages, (non-mi li tar yj have stated freely in the Constantinople Club here,
that the damage to the above ships was accomplished largely by recently
placed guns of medium caliber (5 inchj &a) ;and some German officers
here, including Field Marshall Von der Goltzfbefore he left for Berlin^
/ide de Camp to the Sultan, are quoted in the local news sheets as having
said they had "shown people something new,in demonstrating the effic-
iency of 3mall caliber guns in harbor defence, even against armored ships".
It is known that some meditsn caliber guns had been removed from the
Turkish battleship HU3::>tIDIIiH,before it was sunk December 13, and presum-
ably mounted on shore;and it is generally believed (but not verified)
here that quite a number of additional similar guns have been transport*
ed there and placed recently*
(u) /n official Imperial Irade,published in the local
paper3,T'arch 28, announced the creation of a new Array Corps, to be kncwn
aa the 5th, ,cc~pcsed of the various military forces engaged in the
defense of the .Dardanelles, and the ajypoint-ent of Li man Pasha (Liman von
Sanders, a Gorman Cf^ ice r), formerly in command of the First Array Oorps,
(at Constantinople), as Corvander of the new Corps*/ 11 Turkish troops,
on the Bulgarian frontier ,have been moved to the jar ^anolles, except t
fifteen thousand at Adrianople*
(l } The Turkish official reports state that their aviators
fly out over the Allies' ships, drop bombs on same, and survey injured ships
of allies, in harbors of various Greek Islands &c. It is belioved there
really are two, or three, Turkish aeroplanes there.
(w) nothing has been heard, or reported, of any Turkish, or
the alleged imported German submarine s, during the past month.
(ft) There has been no be bardie at ttt Jam ^nell es since
the sinking of the KBTO and the two British ships on Parch 15 . u^ul <<4>ul 2,
(y) / Turkish 9>™taiLAjHd*7hb1 ran out of the Jrnianolles and
to Smyrna, some time ago, as reported below under " Smyrna " .
i
Country, ...,,.•,,,, Turks y.
Be port from fca*3.3a0BPX0Ii
Date of Ha port April 5.1915.
J
I-age 3.
£ort» ....Constantinople.
4» Smyrna.
(z) I on informed by an absolutely reliable American, previous-
ly mentioned, who has just returned from a business trip to Smyrna, that the
letter, sent, so me time ago, by the British Muted tc IBs© Vail there, was con-
sidered as a bluff and joke by the Turks /^euL ,
faa) 'The same reliable American saw,with his orm eyes, the
nsnticnecl SlbnVA flrfMrtVl Annua .-Wto fmw 4->ift Ti«i1.^*««"n »_ ^-i.
frt) I hars boon farmer lnfem»&t'by t&S reliable business
tr lean mentioned above, that .3.1.1 the schools, he." i :^1 3, churches, (includ-
mc sqv.es}, in Smyrna, ar-.* flying ll-ac^: and. "dhlta crossrP flsgs;he did not
recollect exact design.
recollect exact design.
5« Miscellaneous.
(ac) I havs beer. tcld,by high American officials hore,tbat-,
tbftj_j2g-ya b^er! n.-, 'i n t fcbai, the tafelah fleet ,~'frich Trent eut,Pprill,is going
to 'Take s raid on Odessa.
{igl) r large as oaoer of Bng£i8Braanf^be 'ted bean engaged in.
the telephone company herd,"»era recently dispossessed and star feed toward
JedaagatcluAt the frontier they were held up hcwev9r,a«d returned, i-.pril 2,
they started agsin,and were again held up at the fro atl or; but they were
finally allowed to paos.lt tranepirea* they were probably !isl d up and de-
layed on account o£ the Turkish Fleet going out into the Black Sea about
thi3 ti e (reported above ^?.rhich it was desired to keep a0 secret *s pos-
sible, (af) The Turks have been making; large number of shoes for
the Army at 3 tenia, during iho past three months, v.-'-iicJ are simply riveted,
and not sewn or stitched* The ac VP9 often seen on troops marching through
the straets* They have, apparently, produced no ill effects.
(ag) The wrapped leggings, 7/1 th which the Turkish Aray is
provided, appear unsatisfactory, They se^i to be ridi-p? \ip shove the shoes,
in practically all cases when men are observed marching,
SIGUEDs-E, 3. BABBITT
'i
Jfy
&>*-"
\M-
ft
\
JFIDENTIAL Havy bbpaHtisjit
State Dept. fords, do a patch V7ashingtoh,D.C.
Sub joe t: from Ambassador to Herman? ro
conditions. April G, 191F.
Memorandum for Office of Javal Intelligence „
0QHU8&2
Referred. Please return to Operations after making
contants known confidentially to the C-eneral Board and .ar
College.
(SG))} !,A.Jtttt]OU
1st indorsement* .pril 7, 1916
Fron: \ettng Director of Haral Intelligence.
To: General Board*
( &m ) H. H. WHITTLESEY.
2n* Endorsement, G.B.lIo. 4£9-£. April 3, 1915. VH/K
FROM: Secretary general Beard;
TO: Division of Operations, ttA Haval Wax College,
SUBJBCTj State department forwards dospr.teh from Ambassador
to Gerrarny re conditions.
Returned, by direction of the General Beard; contents
noted. Attention is invited to the comment of tne Aid for
Operations.
(sgjj) s.h.campbell.
580-9-138 3rd Endorsement. ..pril 9, 1915.
FROM: President, loTal War College.
TO: iirvy Department (Operations)
SUBJECT:
State Department forwards despatch from J. S.
Ambassador to ^emtirrj re conditions.
1. lie turned; contents noted.
fS(IS) AuSTIII M. SilGHT.
Need not be returned.
■
SUBJECT German submarine U 29 - imported loss.
From yi, ...No 62. Bate 6 April f 191 8
Replying to O.N.I. No. Date , 191
The Admiralty recently reported that they "had
reason to "believe" that the German submarine U 29 had been
sunk*
The details were as follows - The Grand I'leet was
steaming in two parallel columns somewhere off the fCast coast
of Scotland; The U 29 got between the columns and fired two
torpedoes at the Iron T>akef both ftf which missed, apparently
neglecting the second column she was showing her periscope,
probably trying to see result of shots, when the Vroadnought
sheered from second column and rammed her. The U 29 was
lifted to the surface by the bow of the tread nought, and
oarently rolled completely over, far as known the
eadnought suffered no damage.
I
(See Paragraph 4, Instructions of October 31, 1900.) I"-
i
-
SUBJECT INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN TO GERIjAN OFF igggSJfcJPEBitfffOr
OCCUPIED CITY OF BRUSSELS.
.MAY l
I
1916
From Z No 1R9 Date ifenj Attril 6, 1915* , 191
Heed not be returned.
Replying to O. N. I. No Date ., 191
ft&C&lviCD
All German officers entering the city of
Brussels are required to register their name, station and reasons
for coning to Brussels in a book and are then handed a copy of
the order appended and translated.
Brussels is less than two hours from the front
by automobile and has all the attraction of a larpe city including
a very pray night life.
Recently the Governor General issued orders to
check the nuuber of officers whd> would come -Prom the lines on
comparative trivial excuses.
Translation
«■ . ^ -■.-.■ I ^.H^.l-.M »—■■«■■■ — -41. ..Illl.ll II— ■■■■! IHI ■ ■ mm ■—■ ■■» -«■ !■— Ill*l-ll— ■«*
of
Orders.
1. Office of Business: Governors Office, rue de la loi
No. 3 and 6 - Government rue de la loi No. 8 ♦ -
Governor General, rue d© la loi No. 10.
3. Military hospitals:- Military Hospital III, Hospital
Sohaerbeok - Military Hospital II, Palais des Academies -
Military Hospital I, Avenue de la Couronne, - Military
Hospital IV, Baudoin Barracks, - Military Hospital V,
Pare Royale ( Theatre Royal).
3. Sleeping Accortmodation s: See special orders put up at
the R.R. depots.
*• Uniform : Open overcoat for officers prohibited. Gloves
to be worn.
5. Salutations. Street discipline must be stronrly enforced.
Officers will salute each other mutually and not wait for
the first salute. Salutations on the part of subordinates
as well as from the Belgian police will be returned under
all circumstances.
6. The use of the street cars is free to officers. More than
10 military parsons are not permitted to enter one car. it
the same time.
7. The greatest reservation will be observed in conversations
in restaurants, street cars, etc.
8. Enlisted men will have to be in their quarters at 0 in
the evening, non-comuissioned officers ( below Feldwebel)
First Serreant at 10 in the evening.
9.
- 3 -
9. The closing hour ( Police Hour) for all restaurants,
places of amusements' and stores has been fixed
at 11 in the eve ning.
10. Tirae is the Middle European ( an hour later than
the Belgian).
11* Police.
(a) Street Police • Is carried out as far as the
civilian population is concerned "by the Belrian
Police Officials. All military persons will have
to rive them their assistance if asked for.
(b) .Military Police. The Military Police is carried
out by patrols of the garrison which have as a
distinctive mark the word »Poliaeitt on their collar*
They carry besides cards of identification. They
are also policing the saloons and restaurants. Their
orders will have to be carried out unconditionally
by all milifc&ry persons, also officers.
13. The acceptance of Belgian money cannot be refused.
It has the rate of 1 Mark = 1.35 francs.
13. Taking of photographs of R.R. depots, barracks, on
the streets and squares is prohibited.
14. Entrance to the Royal castles is prohibited. Museums
are open without charge from 10 in the forenoon until
3 in the afternoon.
15. Female relatives of Barman officers, officials,
non-commis3ioned officers and men are not remitted
within the territory of the Belgian General
Government.
16» German houses of business are to preferred in making
purchases. A list of the same is posted in the
R.R. depots.
17 '• It is prohibited to walk with females of the demi-
monde in uniform on the streets or to sit with
them in restaurants and other public places.
18» Places for bathing :-
Rue de Moniteur 10a ( in the vicinity of
Garrison Headquarters )
Rue de la Montagne aux Herbes Potageres 39
( in the vicinity of the Main Post Office)
The Commander of the Garrison
Freiherr von Strachwitz
Colonel,
-
1
\
t K
COOIDEITIA
^jf
Office of Naval Intelligence,
April 7, 1915.
* « * JU- * -» J
No. 672
Embassy q£ the Suited states of Aiftej&ica,
Berlin, ^larch 11, 1915.
To the Honorable
fhe Secretary of State,
Washington, I). 0.
Sir:
/3F
Ith reference to the Department * 3 telegram Ho. 1208 of
ry 17, 1915, ana* to the Bmbassy^s telegraphic reply Ho.
1648 of February 19, 1915, regarding the military and economic
condition of Germany, I have the honor to report further as
follows :
The Chief of the General Staff has stated to the Mili-
tary Attache of the Embassy that no one knows the exact number
of German soldiers under arms$ that if anyone knew it he would
know it and that he knows it only approximately* ■ It can he
estimated that there are four million men with the armies on
rious fronts and that two million more are in the bar-
racks and throughout the territory now occupied by the . Ger-
mans. It is stated that eighty to eighty-eight per cent of
the wounded return to auty with their regiments. The losses
of Germany and Austria-Hungary together tounted, the Smperor
Informed the Military Attache, to about 1,500,000, The German
losses in men not able to return to the front are <y
450,000 to 500,000, Ihere are irery many Lan hi Ions
and Landwehr corps, and Land ti "m b rid ■ ■< gii
a q re i ; :jc battalions of L \ called "Arb< ' - i t-
ftillon3w. Very many oi the o] s a
.. on the llnee of communic ttJ m a id Ln th* ooc i eua-
my'f3 country.
•7
I
sk<
' Jl 3 n
' IS
- 2 -
As regards the commissar iat , there are ample si7.pplj.es
everywhere for the troops, who are ted better, as far as one
08» judge, at the front, than they are; in time gf peace. The
clothing; is excellent and ample. Ihsffj is furnished by the
Government is largely supplemented "by gifts from the people.
These gifts are handled in the same systematic manner that the
Government supplies for the Army are handled and the troops
have lacked nothing that is necessary. At times, for a cay
CMP twe -.here may have been some shortage for particular units
bn.t those occasions have probahly ho en rare. 1'he troops have
everywhere appeared to be in %'c.e best of health end there is
said to be a smaller percentage of sickness at the front than
in garrisons in time of peace* The supply of arms and ammun-
ition is also assple* it must also he tahen into consideration
•that large quantities of arms have "been captured, especially
machine guns , and these as well as the artillery guns have
he en used "by the Germans. |
As regards copper, there are old mines in Germany which
were abandonee on. account of the costs of getting out the
copper, which mines can be re-opened, fhere are copper mines
tea Bejpium and in the part of France occupied by the Germans.
In addition, a thorough account is said to have been made of
the amOTBit of copper in the horses, etc., throughout Germany
and it was found that there is a suffioi ant Quantity of copper
to last two more years, if it .is necessary to call on the
people +o give that to the Government an was clone a few months
since as regards woolen articles.
hat strides one most forcibly is the careful economy
practiced by the German authorities in saving everything on
the field of battle - everything beloa to the wound a,
everything that can be al in vrr. Mj articles, of every
description, are pi-Ved up, sent back, sorted and then utilised.
For instance, clothing; is disinfected, washed, repaired,
A
- 3 -
pressed and re-is sued, thhis is ft wonderful saving in itself.
So many field kitchens have "been captured froin the Rus-
sians that almost all of the German troops now have them,
hereaa In the beginning of the Far the infantry and foot
artillery only h:& wheeled field kitchens* All old iron is
picked up and sent "back. £hc most careful requisitioning has
been made in the enemy's country occupied by the German troops.
Threshing machines nave boon sent to the front and wheat aiid o
other grain threshed out "by or v^qt the direction of the Ger-
man soldiers, when quantities of it mere found.
?heoo nrce merely sited sts instances of the care that is
tan not bo waste anything tvhioh may he useful in the pros-
miion of the war.
r'his year's annual drafting of new men for the Army cer-
tainly ^oull more than haVd replaced the losses that haye been
guflfereci by the Germans and the scry ices of the larger propor-
tion of the volunteers has not yet been accepted bf the Gov-
ernment .
• thi Army represents better than anything else the
frOple, it is extremely interest:] 113 to see hoy in every
octal branch there arc a great many experts in that branch
rltvii''3 and ready to perform the worm required. Shis all
tends 'O economy and efficiency* there seems to be ebno-
lutely no personal JStriVittg tar crsonal regard, rvery man
is per^fo'rming the duty assigned to hite to the test of hia
ability wheri he may to end whatever may ho <■ that
■ begi of tic mar or tiow holds.
<- ' eal tfas '< een learned by the Germans during these
\ nt. ■; "v.' 1 i of all that esrper-
I in 1 new as " i ■■ 1 bl old men.
egards the fleet, Germany hi i rroi-
pal nave!! ce st intaci Fl BY mm a vfliiCh have been
lost bave been generally of nicer types or scouting vessels.
- 4 -
The Bsprit de Corps of the nairaJ sermee is of the very high-
est and the skill enterprise amd daring have been at all times
of the best .
The submarine service has been largely increased and has
shown itself to "be a very powerful weapon of offensive war-
fare Inst ESngland.
as the German battle fleet was somewhat loss than half
that of England at the beginning of the war, it could hardly
be Mcpeoted that it could engage the enemy against such heavy
odds* At the same time the fleet is ire 11 prepared and should
opportunity occur, will he heard from,;.
tie tine1 has not yet come to judge of the effectiveness
of the blockade of England. There can he little doubt, how-
■ , that it will seriously affect England^ commerce and
probably will very much raise the cost of living in England
if not bringing about actual hunger*
The personnel of the German Navy is believed to consist
at tie present time of about one hundred and fifty thousand
men of all tranches.
For details of ships in oo ©mission, etc., the files of
thi office of Kaval Intelligence should he consulted .
the superior allied fleets have completely ? riven Gcr-
•n merchant hipe from the seas and for the present the care-
fully built up and splendidly equipped German Merohant ser-
vi ce is o omplet ely paralysed .
Enormous losses have been sustained in the commercial
eire1es of Germany rouj h the stopping of commerce znd. the
confiscation, or interning of so manv shins lying in the one-
's harbors or on the high seas at the onthreak of the war,
:'everH Koleos the enterprise , . .'• r^ lA spl ,r sys-
tem under which the German merchant fleet ■■i.lt up, remain
aliYe end it may confidently he expeoted that Pe rs af-
ter this war the German mer t fleet will ho again occupying
- 6 -
one of the leading positions on the ^oas .
1 Lave the honor zo he, Sir*
Yo-jr c he a I e ' tt 3 er van 1 1
(signed) James W* Gerard.
SUBJECT
LOSS
(See Paragraph 4, Instructions of October 31, .900.) Need flOt bC retUVUed.
AM 83 1S1D ^
OF SUBMARINE a TJ
1915
/™» Z M> Ill Date APril ?.J 19l5r
., #/
Replying to O. N. 1. No Date
191
f ollows:-
The loss of this boat is officially admitted as
M U 39 n Probably Lost.
Official. Berlin, April 7, 1915.
H.M. Submarine «• U 3 9 » has not returned from her last
enterprise. According to an information of March 26,
emanating from the British Admiralty, it is said that
the boat with the whole crew had been sunk. The boat
must therefore be considered as lost.
The Aetirtg Chief of the Admiralty Staff
( Sip.) Behncke. H
Her comiander Otto f iddUin
<va<? a national hero in Germany and had he survived would have ^one
far in the German Navy.
Tne following appreciation is written by
Captain P e r s i u s :-
n Hot quite unexpected comes the news
o-p mourning. Several days ago the British Admiralty
reported that they had reason to believe that " U 39 "
had been destroyed. The name of W e d d i n e n makes
the destruction es ecially painful. ^ecVUp-en coiimanded,
before assuming co; : :and of • Tr 39 " , the M U 9 u , the
boat whose deed,destroydrtgon the 33d of September 1914
the English armored cruisers "CRESSY", «AB0UKIR» , . and
■HOCHJI!*, will always be written in golden letters as one
of the mo3t glorious in our naval history. And on the
15th ef October Veddigen succeeded with tt U 9 » again to
sink another English warship, the MHAWKEM. Following
t .is successful activity in the destruction of enemy
warship material a no less successful period in the trade
war set in. Our thoughts accompanied Weddigen on his
last trips with special expectations. " U 19 M was
larger, faster, and better armed than M u 9 » . Thus
with pride we heard of the different successful attacks
on English merchant ships , "rar from her home base, in the
Irish Sea. Thus far he went and spread terror to the
British shipping. It was especially gratifying to us
to hear of the recognition of the friendly and humane
conduct of V/eddiren on the part of the crews of torpedoed
ships. As man and hero waddigen will live in our thoughts
forever. He was adored by his men who followed him
willinfly into death. They did not hesitate to reoocni7,e
in him their leader in life and death.
— *} —
We have followed his career ^rith pride and
admiration. But the thought has naver left us
that to him also will eone sorae day a very quick
qw\* To the last breath Wed<U#»n and his brave
crew of ■ U 99 * have done their duty. They will
never be forrotten.
L. Persius. tt.
bub>
\***$\*
Need not be returned,
»#•• Const :sn tinople f &c«
Country.. ..Turkey. Port*
Export from . n ♦
Date of ■• rt. Ajftl 12,2 915.
-C"C— 0— C— 0—0— C .■— 0"C— C— 0— C— C -O— 0-0-0— 0—0— C—O—C — 0— C— 0— 0— ' - ~ —t — o -c -o -c -c —
1*
3
v$
\*
'
BlasJte 3oa :
T&TTfficial Turkish termini qua*/-, pril 4,191 5, (translation} *-
"jurin? tho cruise R&ds yes tarda y by cur
flest in tho Yloinlty of the Gulf of
Odessa, tro larijo Russian ships raw a?.
rcYid«ntM,200C tons,aa& ''Vaatoohnai'- 3
2ifterda",16C'0 tons, ware sundk with tho j#> ,
oar rocs, by our Host, and their crews
isonora* u(j
Surin/* this actionem* amall cruiser " //
•^edjidijSi", which was pursuing enemy miua
swoners in the vicinity of J&at ctoh*3oov,
struck a rai no and sank i&ila a® WHtt&ittg
the enemy's coast*
Thi3 accident was caused by a mine plm$&
"by the Bussians to dofcs&d fee j.-crta of Hic-
elsieff and Odeasa,and their cor. sots* /
The orex of the "iadjidtatt* were aarad by
the other Otf-owsn ^sr ship© ns?r*3!he barring
of tho 9V9V of this r.hip,aunk in its saored
itflitasy *nty,£orits the finest aiftagp*
She breech blocks cf tho gtma 0*^. taws' tho
above cruiser wore entirely removed, and the
ship itself dastroyed by moans of torpedoes,
to j-rovont nil possibility of its being ro-
ll oated by tho essay**
(b) From n Turkish Cffioaiyafeo ca-e from QgpMl (BEatft Sit
entrance ftf Bosr-horna) ,/pril 7,-
"Ruasian Sleet has boon of-- the 31.
entrance for tthg last three wks, being sen,
cr 2 arts of It hewing boon saonvnssrly ovary
day and r.ig£ht,at different tines, during this
periodV-s many 84 thirty-five nuialsn vessels,
total ,ef different kinds, aro reported to have
be: n seen on one occasion.
Russian Sle:. t has bfcsrfbsntod different points
along the coast, at different tiros, during this
:eriod,and xut former battery of fcwalve ic-cm
(4-inch j guns at Ovale {Anatolian sid&) out of
00 ^ris si en, injured 1 ouses there, and also
injured some buildings c-i Anatolian side.
There ore trjc taaronlights installed at '3otsJc,
one 09 each side,^hich arc tog • .slaving every
nirht,et pro sent, across entrance*! xatrol of
tor 9ds gBRboafti is a3 so maintained there.
an the TUrfcish Float wont out, on, or around
rll let., the nmWLl (ex-:r H,
and another ship, and six ooel vessels, took I
oourso along1 tho /natolisn const, rod tho JUSttJf-
I (02-Cr ), . ' I,and two tordedo g«ft-
boats (destroyers) tock course a! uropean
oo.iat*3ho P.usr»ian Fleet aproftrodfand tha Turlciah
■ on /natolian route, ptXDXI.TX,!! ' and on-
other) , re turned sofely,but nothing further has
bo.n soon of tho six ooal ▼ossela.Tho
roturnod soon aftory/arls and na.To signal at tho '
entrance, that sho hod been torpedoed, end &o 1!J£D4
JUIJI nd tc Wkiab -nnboats wore lost.lJoerl;/
tho crows of all three ships surrtc ware Icst.'Choy
wow sunk by rrunfiro|r>nd tho ] Jwrs—toji —
<'•-•' aTsnt?*iln ".TTin nhput fr^int -Tin ^r- t)vo
«5>
Page 2.
Coventry* Tur'co y# Plnoe* Constantinople , &c .
Roi ort iv0ia & g, .,...; J •;: It II.
jat© of BqptfHb *•• Jprll 1«;,1915»
2he SULSkH-^Lr:, aw «• Steuia,oan now use
only forward tro pHStttBS li very eerie usly
injured, and will bo unable to go cut again
fcr - long tim*
ill foreigners wore sent out of Boiooa said
vicinity sorse tirae e£D««a$ aor-.e newor ^ana
are "beinjr* novod fror there to fCavcfc»l!heee
are four 20 era (11 inch) and eight 15 en
(6 inch) guns* There sit alao Turkish troops
staticned9at different Dlaoes,all Ot&&& ooast
from Bulgarian boundary to 3firaaou,on 'natollan
side*
3ovsr»l 80 on (11 inch) guns, in Goldtn libra,
are also being rotten ready, for ftbipsent to
JJBPdonellQa#Tcc} tyPKQflperss are mltlng inside
now to take them, and t" . ve erpeeted to 01
in a day or na»
The BaJfflaJlOSa* has r?on*s $cm to fiffi^mSl esH,
The above fcufelan Of' loor ran tienod, from ^ish above was
obtained* also said
"The TuP??a nev-?r do SBSytfoiag Ul < too late"
Ho seonaad quite leaalrciatie*
(o) ^oept as reyifdn ghs ^*inn rar: tioned ,and te S&SBM I
bein$ at Jardenal1eaTtha a tat err out a of .rofc-var M &■*• s^MW
boon oonfimed f*w thro? indco nt source, including Gar-
i»an sailorstand certain Ottoman aubJeotG*
(d) It 1b known -positively aoa» of H a &tt*kia1 ileott was not
out of I oaiborus woro th«r» |vvrip*4bW hours, and none of
thoa inore than ttyfcw&ap-a, except tho ansa &tiil out#*;so they -J%&
oculd hardly havo,7been at Cdoasa#1!ho SQtf&S-aj&BS had r.ups
going all the way down frora Belaob to 3t.}til&,v0ien returning,
and still have them coinr* all t1%o tine, in 8tea£e*/ 'Turkish
gunboat otocd dom So4phcnt6,08 lasts data,wit?< foreraat and
one ftuioel Blss£ag,s&d wont into Golden Soro#
2» ^erdaa^lj^eaf.
(e) I S Informed ,*« ibliows^by i *eltaela km ioan,andljai ert-
«nt buainaaa ««,*<) has t1ua| returned ftfff li Island of Ten-
odeai-
wthe jantjiiab have takai peeseeelea of f.
Efttndfasd ha-we, until recently, had a iMMfl
nuborof troops thereabout the first \
April they all embark®;!, about fori/ thousand
(4C,CCO in all, and all the troops md »Mps,
bothfioft# ft»y said thoy -ivere ©oin^» to 3gypt,
to ] ut ootfti disor'Jornjbnt it was «urrr)Ooted,^t
*?on.4os,thoy nifrht be SOiH0 to atton^t • sur-
i-riae landinr on tfca Itert set soi^owhsreH#
(f) Aa a tat aft abovo,a lur'clah Officer ha a mM thftt aev«ir^l
28 en (11 inch} £una are beftaj ft.r ir\Nafer to the
Jardanslleft.Tnia ia tmconflr~ed*
'• Opnat^ntlnoplei,
{%) The Gerrana 53 ^er-.nn synfAthlatn ho?u aeom to bo boeon-
ln/D? mcro noo8iriatio#3avoral Gor-an buainoan n&n and rasidonts
hare loft with nil their balon<?in£S, during tho j«st wocVrjfind
others vi r ; "ttod to. bo preparing t. ^o.
(hi Th<5 . s rr«- i n/» repa Irs at ltania,noored ale -
aide the dock.
Ooun try# * Turtosy . Plaoe# »««*«««*« Const % \ .1 nopl o* lib
I&te of Safari* •••April 12f2915«
^H>^^^^^^^^^'"0'*0*,0"^*,<>*0**0**0'*'0*< "-" -' -o-o-c-o-
ft) The injured gunboat frentl one & I Jfis jr:xr -Dins? repairs
in ■ sjpnll <gya<H<l in t*e Go 1 dan Horn.
(J) I sm tola1 the Torkiah po.m'iition ia beginning tc think
the Ttae^ian <lll §•! In here <joo?i# fctft SDKa of the better
fll&ftfl «sre iMMtfjtly spread ini* • jropagasBfla to con th© .Dardan-
elles to the Htagliat] sffid Fro30ht-vr.! let tthem in first, if oo~
aanation V' the ftuasSM doee actually become ir*-ittentf*a they
feqr»s!hotoe ill else, an QpaqpaftieB fef I i ana .and &&&*%
no Bt*CJP ?y" crash a c&3C«
(kj (ftMtll s&OQBtf of .provisions &Btfhffito been sent "by the
Oerr^e^ fefeftt^p tc b^ stored aft 03. tl {in inter ic-r i w.r*fi feftflfe
of Scutari) •Both Hi* Jarwan and Austrian Ambassadors sn^
they ^ill kov^ up t* ■ ■■^phorua this BWMff afl usual hWV«
(J.) *bout a mentb o& fr^c 000 tfc* Stttfclafc WKifrttlM »'i?> al|
the inhabitant? of Prlnfclpota mbssmp resort tafafttf about ton
nilee south of Constantinople in the Sna cf i:ar»r.riratleavB von
aurenly*and it ^ms runered here yat the $U«a«4M the island
m*a be fey? caw arafl1 as • last stronghold* the vicinity bairne*
jr.ined,&o, f two or ffeffa ■_' r -isante Ware B&loTOft
to return apain.April |t] b a ocr|'u-t , toW cf ifcft ialend
{*A»out tuo hours trip In eerrlaga) tSxi oorjjcny with ifem A&apfaMi
Ambae^ador* I eav thrao recently nafa tivnohoetbut doubt if I
could over hasre beonw.nde for defensive purpc8esfcn account of
th##r leer, tier, The* la2and *seuld be very hard to dafondyas landing
could be Kate nearly anywhere. J think: the exodus Bay have be
esesed *?c sn*fc the Earta *:-%fct look for radio ar, aratus, {there
are eavar&l quite large hotels and private building there,
BftftXy (Mid by foreigtttP8)»ac they were a*ite excited on tho
anajaat of Mdd«Q radio* at ttatt tine«!Zhe Aassrtcsa babteadog
etfl.te»thow»rarfthat ha has rasaon be believe it to^j sir..- ly
oauaeif by the poliee ii ordar that th ; Ij^t loot the rropsrty
of the J ibitaata^^so are zeofttl aakii
^>
u^
/^ ^ti
'
Heea not oe revwrnvuu
[See Paragraph 4, Instructions or October 31, 1900.]
SUBJECT ... J5tter.fr»»_.the _.^
r'llitary and Haval Attaches af the Japan© afatiwi In
siting ©a the subject ©f the inc-Japaaose negotiations.
From. .... .JVo.— * Z)^ :--~ ikjKFil loth-.---lW/------ -. ■*&*
Replying to O. JV. I. No Date--S±j=gA>.-/$- °.^.Zk\.. _!-> 191
la the doraoado ©a China there are tier- orning
•uigageaent of ailitoxv vlsero, t w na© ©f arao and
onraunitions and th« aroonalo. Thooo arc the moot vital joints
not ,hinose coveraaont . ueh f i.:>fioult„, will I er-
ioacod boJoro a satisfactory settlement ©an be roae .>©
or t ?o J©vornnont realise tl ep moani.
hidden underneath the idea entertained hy ©ur anay wh© osod
those tions. it the Cnlaaa© Government interprets the
questions in the sense of ordinary onoagoaoat of advisors and
urehaso of arao a speedy settlement any be c d. But ©a
o contrary, if the Chinese susjoct that those questions oea-
. riso :art of t o orao ©f ©ur future aati©aal dofonco,
then it will bo difficult to corao t© a sottlooont. t first
the premier and t a hiaistor wore oC the o^inic at
alt China is ovor aocodo t© those donando.
100 thoso 0onand3 have boon made we anal vo t© ro;crt
to oo if t ./oro rejected, t very onion doubt i ouoh
aotioa ©a Hj t would havo a bonofloiul ofi'oct ©a ©ur t rosoat
fore.* . it aftor oaroful consideration w© aro convinced
that for the oak© ©f ©ur ©wa nati©nal doJonco it io n©c
[See Paragraph 4, Instructions of October 31, !!)(I(I.J
subject J^t^or from tMJj^P^
* Ilitary on£ aval attaches of tho Japanese Location in
Mnc on tho subject of the Ino- Japanese negotiations.
From % No. __| #^-J§itl»Iil^--Iil^ > ^
Replying to 0. N. I. No Date y , i#i
for us to obtain substantial pewor in Uilna, It vm te
this roaoon that theeo three ooaonds woro a6 aloes to
eayt whina io the first country to boar the brunt of our too***
oion polio;,
Tho doaands connected v?ith the ,'ul-ion revince proposed
our navy aro tho scat vital points against -nmorica. For
if Ja^an oan jre tho naval oontrol of an ft ijarber anci tho
adjaoont ooaoeaot wo shall bo able to reduce tho vela* of the
,hili::ino Islands a© t rioan naval base in the »aeirie
and I frustrate her pelli i that ( olicn.
Tho throe doraands proposed by our any as mentioned alreve
aro also the aoct vital points ageinet uooia as vould
roduoo rtfwlnn Iberian Railway as ft Military
weapon. Tho oray spent aoro than ton j * in f emulating
»ee lane, vor he t ol , ort initios would ax-ioo Tor
us to push our piano to ■ .< Cul end. Tho sottloaoat ef
mm* doaondo is a question of 1 and douth wit; Japan.
o it o Japan© a enerol . tef f ) have always ir od thee*
in )ovomnioat t. ohocd I forward lief. You It •
|8oe Paragraph 4, I rtst rui-t iottN of October 31, IOOO. j
s v 'eject -. ~ietior v Xroa^^^
li lit; Bttval I to ®t the Japanese x«£atioii In
)klng «n tho Gubjoot af tho In©- mem Coronations*
JWwn^-g. JVb._^ ^^---j^^l-tt^it-i^ift-*-- - i5i
Replying to 0. JV. I. No Date ____, 191
Jaxanooo niitary and :..aval ..t Mhio ) rauot therefore pay *9#»
oial attention to the subjects under dice en Aorta oh
oonroronco ai. dcr no olrcu allow yourooltfoo to be
neclloont in tho noontime. If you have cloubto on lntt
tolo a oumaary of tho ant tor, followc aoro i Hod
ort by Eaail.
iSetj Paragraph 4, Instructions of October 81, 1900./
/^'/yr
SUBJECT VISH TO BE2?T.
Need not be returned.
I Any 27 |§|j
From Y
/Vo 69
Replying to 0. N. I. No.
Date
Date
April 14, 19J
1«6
In cc j irith ro civilian &tt fe of the SSmoass;
1.3 ie a tr:oi\ visit fee Brest, A^rii &th-7ife for :■ urpo»« of
inspecting eertai i ae ration c i '. thai \ e-
ii . .e vicinitj . .. T t s oj di|p.oi atic mission and had
received permission . i^uvti B&rie Cross J. - inj tor of W^r
... in.ot^-r of c:,j lij. i. rior, iad not Proaa t ., Ein3 iter of
Marine i aaj lii into naval conditions at the port
serebece-ssaril^ vary limii
I. Jjhe oit| itself w^::. : i rtiaJ L ad full of
troopi . Bailors udergoing fei ting, told prefecture
under the coj &nd ol i --■' J Berry ei • • I
.d official vii • Immedi uadar felts i re t.no
separate g ftf f s , each ■ l ' m ahi^f: military and aval
., xt £s i shicfa ■ v; charge of their own distinct departments*
'., ■. ion of autaorit i r jurisdiction arising between t
o is referred fee smd settled fry < •• ! fh ^-".. iral Prefect.
Ih I chool, slf I irsi , I si abandoned
f< r I is liar it. Mi - Idea: pu sn a ■:..' in are
rviaja sit tae f3 &r . ■ ilorf . I talked wit
1 ss youiw ■. en, the in cci _ i 'trior dined
sits lei. . »ioaed en and formed one of the
ere* of a tor] ' I ' i
of the j . . informed cd« i tsi ic distlnc-
t i o-.i ; - asp ir id the rest
; slf ao< ' tieaSi feed, drills
ti«i r< • r '. Bpirjir*tt»
tribut la ihii . v - j ' "i ! t ,
; ■ ■ • ■ j v Lag
on tor -loa1 he ■ iard dutj Ln
various porta .
•i . At Brest f ■ . re static L5 orped .-■-,
Tour submarines. ?ive tor^ Kio-~boat itie r.Oj I rly
. •; . :. . I - . rol frou o , i the _ " roj - ;. c 1 11
8. 00 .- • soo . torpedo- boat; *re outside the break-
water, the ti Lug i of '■'.".. outer port ire cloi sd by
q for the night*
tj. These J>oj»w are fen »d g c r b e ine
heavy pieces of Limber, 1-. size, dimen Lone and ippearance
railroad ties. £J . jre are spaced nt te
feet apart, -^i Khen '. position ineir greatest Length le at
right angles to the antra ta port, 'i'hese timber* i ve
3] . : attac . ;d t c . . i i ,c,. s for 4 depth of about
30 feet , lower smus ol the chains are J ;. tc «5i; it eg
ole n ■■ ■ - i apposed to 00 sac - 2 ner
^ buI rixie nor :i torpedo oould .... past the bows.
G. At each antranoe i::^ boai&s ire divided i'iLG k*fl equal
iions. Oi.. md of - .ciio:i it. oiad.e pons -j.itly fast to
1 bre 1 1 iter; the other ends, ! m b< m is in ooeition, jre
. . .. j. to two l ;• a I ioyt1, _i mted exactly In the middle
• the >ntr : i€ .
7. •: lighl fcheoe inner exads, ifter having been
fro [-entrance buoys by . small h r ;>^r> - '
r ai. . . ie breakwater anc . ... I I i I of the
.' r uac ;• It 1 00 - ' i X ian fifteen minu j - th or rL
1 watched Lone - to clesx the entrance!
s«in . 1 rree ... I a i er buoys.
? . In th e h urb or ' tl ti •-'•.. if islt 1 jre rer
cruletri the OLOIKB all igl I >rn
Squadron. C 1 . RSBILLAISS, f l 1 tip, wt Ln thie lusbsr.
•ench, u i2 I <ng]
5
ships, but, similarly to the English, they do not fly dint in-
guish tag fl ap s and pennan t s .
9. J In Is enquiries end found that no special protection
cf any kind is used to protect fuel oil tanks froM aeria^.
atteve&s .
10. There appeared to be no special searchlight installa-
tion for guarding the port at night.
11. Accorctinr to papular report, great eon fuel OB existea
at this dockyard when the mobilisation ordor was issued last
August. A large niaaoer of the workmen, obeying their orders,
joined the army, - the result being that for scats tims ths work
at the 2c ck yard practically ceased.
IS* Also in this port there is a large a umber of people
with socialistic and revolutionary tendencies, who, according
to the Sous-Pref et , gave the authorities a great deal of trouble
tad anxiety during the first few weeice of the mar,
18'« However, these iii ettsrs have long been straightened out,
undesirable elements get ten out cf the city* in same sesee cut
of the country; the workmen have been sent back froaa the army,
aoout 10,000 at present engaged in the yarn, - and from a super*
clal inspect ion ot the whole plant, everything seems to be
running smoothly efficiently*
[Sec Paragraph 4, Instruct ions of October 31, 1000.
Weed not he returned.
Conf idential .
S UBJ ECT __N0TES ___0M OBRMAH SUBMRI_M... WAHPAHE .
?
From Z -M? 1-93 Date Ap JU
Replying to 0. JV. 1. No Date _.
, 191
An officer of one of the submarine boats
which has been actively operating on the British coast says
that the greatest danger they are exposed to cones from being
rammed and that great caution has to be observed. T7hen the
periscope first came to the surface, a destroyer or other vessel
steaming close at hand could at this moment have an opportunity
to ram before the submarine could see her and dive.
Referring to the transportation of troops from
England to Prance he spoke of the transports being so absolutely
enveloped by destroyers that a submarine could not show herself
without being sunk.
The same officer said that when they stopped
merchantships and called the master to come on board with his
papers that in nearly every case the master failed to bring with
him the manifest, or invoices, and claimed they were mislaid or
he had forgotten them.
In the case of the Dutch ship "MEDEA* from
Italy for England, claimed to be laden with oranges only, the
master brought the invoices for the orange portion of the cargo
and claimed there was nothing else. The submarine officers
then worked out the space which the oranges would occupy and
found it to be only one third of the ships capacity. She was
deeply laden wtthxaKan^KX and oranges were on top of anything
else that might be there. They therefore sank the ship.
Another case they stopped an innocent looking
English coasting steamer which suddenly opened fire and two
destroyers appeared. Only by quick work did the submarine escape.
They considered that the steamer in this case was acting as a
decoy.
Asked if they would sink a ship like the
"LUSITAIIIA" if they got a chance, the officer said certainly,
fact she was being looked for. Due warning had been riven
about takinr passage in English steamers and as England had
adopted the policy of starving the people of Germany they had
only themselves to blame if British vessels were put out of
bringing supplies to England.
in
(See Paragraph 4, Instrnctions of October 31, 1900) . ^-
Weed not be returned.
SUBJECT . Compoc.^
(Constitution of ono or more groups of Seoiits )
From.I\.. No 97 • Date .....April...l5., %$M*
Replying to O. N I. No. . -—----->' Date ...imm.
!• Decree :;o«945 of /.ugust 30, 2.914, - and which was
reported in nTn ;:&j of Septes&er 234* 1914 - have the following
articles ap ended by Royal ;,ccroe m
.Art* l«
( after par. (:.) add ):
(e) of one or more groups of Scouts;
/art, 3.
( after 3d. par, of Art. f add):
Each group i?ill he under the &mm .nd of
a Capitano di Vascello or a Capltcno it Iregata -
The senior group commander will have the title of
"Senior Consaander of Scouts".
■
(See Paragraph 4, Instructions of October 31, 19000
Need not be returned. If
"
SUBJECT SINKING ...OF. BRITISH STEAMER «FALLABAB.
Apri? 15, 1915.
I asked the Reichs-Marine-Amt to give
me an account of the sinking of the "PALLABA" and the reason
for the loss of life.
At first I was refused on the ground
that the ship was English and did not concern America and that
there was nothing to say beyond the statement published in the
•Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung" of April 3, 1915. I then
remarked that I was not interested in the ship because she was
English but because the conduct of war, especailly on the sea,
Tiag of interest to all nationalities. Also that the new sea
warfare with submarines and the laws to govern it were of
particular interest to all nations, that the a^ts of today became
the precedents of to-morrow and they perhaps became the Inter-
national Law of the future.
The following day the Reichs-Marine-Amt
telephoned me that they would publish an explanation of the
sinking of the NFALLABA" , a translation of which follows.
A friend who talked with one of the junior
officers of the ■ U 38 • some days ago gave the same version in
regard to the use of ratio *., A. A-..
Translation .
* ■■ ' ■ i - ■ ■ ' — ■* ii i ■ .I i i.
In view of the distorted news regarding the
events at the sinking of the English steamer "FALLABA"
we have received the following from competent source :-
The submarine rave the signal to the steamer
»FALLABAM tt to turn at onee or I will fire M . Without
paying attention to it the steamer run away, made even
signals by means of rockets to call for help, and could '
be caught up to after a chase of a quarter of an hour.
Although there was danger for the submarine to be fired
at from the steamer, or to be attacked by approaching
craft, the steamer was not -Tired at immediately, but
after arriving at 500 metres distance the order was given
by voice and signal to leave the ship within ten minutes.
On the steamer the beginning was made to bring boats to
the water. While this was partly done in a very unseaman-
like manner, several boats being injured in the attempts
to lower the boats, the crews of the ship quickly took to
the boats and kept in the vicinity, without rendering aid
to the passengers struggling in the water which had been
quite possible. From the time the order was given to leave
the ship until the torpedo shot was fired not the originally
granted ten minutes passed but ^3 minutes, preceded by the
chase which should have been utilised to clear the boats.
■» i *
The statement that only five or even three minutes
w^re given is untrue.
The torpedo was fired only then when the
approach of suspicious vessels whose attack he must
expect forced the captain of the submarine to quick
action. When the shot was fired nobody could be seen
on the ship except the captain who bravely stood by
his post. Only a little while after a few persons
became visible who worked about a boat. As far as the
crew of the submarine is concerned the men were at
their respective posts, the men for serving the pun
and for signalling on deck. To participate in the
rescue they could not do, as a submarine could not
take up any passengers. Against the slanderous
accusation that our men commenced to laugh sneoringly
not a word of defense is necessary. At the
proceedings before court in England no witness has
dared to make this statement.
It is further untrue that the submarine
had any time hoisted the English flag.
The submarine has shown at the incident as
much consideration as was compatible with her own
safety. It is very much to be regretted that lives
were lost, the responsibility rests however on
England, which anas merchaatships and causes them
to participate in the conduct of the war and to make
attacks upon submarines.
J
oCosur^x ApR v4 i^i5
" J -* J^Tlfeed not be returned. ^
./I
7
WSSKLTf POLITICAL SULTRY.
The Session of the Reichstag — Against the Exceptional Legal
Decisions — Idartial Law and the Censorship — Bread and
Potatoes -- ft Secured future. MICEAKLIS.
The Reichstag at this session completed its constituted
tasks in quick time- Assembling on the tenth o.f March, it adjourn-
ed yesterday until the eighteenth of Kay. Ten days sufficed to
complete the business which under normal conditions would keep it
in session five months. There were other important domestic and
social affairs to decide besides passing the imperial government ' s
estimates. And what the new secretary of finance said on the
lnirinsic- Qiiierence irora one previous uuugeu anoujia uaxuiioe i
The remaining measures and decress with which the Reichstag; at
this session busied itself surpassed in[its opinion the legislative
proceedings which it -as accustomed to enact* In times of peace,
such decisive tasks as those concerning regulations to provide for
foodstuffs, questions of support, the problem of censorship and
martial lav? would only be decided after thorough and searching
discussion. At this time, all debatable measure;; were decided in
a trice. Differences of opinion were adjusted in the committees.
re and there during the general sessions individual ill-timed
utterances were noticed, since party opposition is only checked and
has not really disappeared. Meanwhile it will doubtless be that
after the war parties will again exist and it is due to say that
the Heichstag at best has been right in this self restriction of
the present exceptional conditions. Everything has its tine. As
conditions exist today, there is no other aim than to carry it
through to an honorable peace, to do all to facilitate this and
to emit everything which can interfere with the attainment of
this aim.
It cannot be said in this respect that the German people and
their assembled representation should be deluded as we live in
the best of all worlds. Everything in war is turned against a
powerful, enemy; whatever could disturb the unanimity of the people
and injure its power of striking would be doubly painful. cer-
tain feeling of this was Shown by the Prussian Government at the
session of the house of deputies when they recognized the necessity
of showing in what manner internal politics stood in need of re-
organizing. This concession lost very much of its expected result
because of its vagueness. The Heichstag has made the attempt to
scrutinize carefully existing conditions and at least to an
attempt to better them in certain ways during the war- In the com-
mittee on the budget the proposal was accepted to request the Fed-
eral Council to remove forthwith the n ires directed against
individual parts of the German people. This resolution was parti-
cularly directed against the phrasing of the imperial law on form-
ing unions and the ] inder of the Jesuit law.' The immediate
success of this notion is not to be acted. The Allied Govern-
ments fear, perhaps irithout sufficient cause, that because of any
legal action at this, time a deep feeling of unrest migfct reduced
*lLthe Pe°Pl«' Ik* proposer would en I < ant hold out hopes
after the war and seoret . of b 'or the interior gave a
tionable interpretation of the ch« i in the future Q he
declared that the opinion over what is reg a as an exceptional
law is different. v much has not been attained from the Reiohe-
in one direction of a revii ion of i Hating conditions, one
muL-t hope that .he fight for people's right ill continue ith
Car energy, at least there is no more doubt to whet reforms the
jority of toe Reietota d.
As regards the questions of censorship and a fltate of war one
cannot express '.he general v.-ish. la war has ol< hown the
/"J/' Need not be returned,
■>\ift v Translation. Af> '
i°ft \} u" *j» V^ regarding Changes in the Prize Rules of September
V > v/V T 30th 1909 * Reichsgesetzblatt 1914, page 975, 441^
^y 481, and 509 ). | ££?- [ 3-1/
o
From April 18, 1915.
In retaliation of the rules instituted, by England
and her allies which deviate fron the London Declaration
concerning International Law at Sea of the 36th of September
1909, I approve for the present war the following changes
in the Prize Rules of the 30th of September 1909 with the
amendments of October 18th, November 13d and December 14, 1914,
The Sections 91, 93, 97, SS« 35, 40, as well as
the supplements to 93 will be replaced by the following rules :-
81* As absolute contraband of war the following
objects and materials} are to be considered ;-
1. Arms of all kind* inclusive arms for sporting
purposes and recognizable parts of the same.
9. Projectiles, cartridges, of any kind, and their
recognizable parts and ingredients.
3. Powder and explosives of any kind,
4. Sun barrels, gun carriages, limbers, ammunition
wagons, field kitchens, field bakery wagons,
provision and ration wagons, field smithies,
search-lights, search-li^ht implements, and
recognizable parts of these articles.
5. Range finders and recognizable parts of the
same 4
6. Binoculars, telescopes, chronometers, and
nautical instruments of any kind,
7. Military uniforms and military equipments
recopnized as such.
S. Riding, draught and pack animals which can
be used in war.
9. Military harness and saddlery articles recomized
as such.
10. Camping utensils and parts of them recognized
as such.
11. Armor plates.
19. Lead(}n pig form), plates or lead pipes.
13. Barbed wire and tools required for fckKfcr its
erection and cuttin ■-.
J
m ft -
14, Tin plates*
15. War ships and other war craft and such essential
parts of them which according to their special
character can only be used on war craft; ships tin
material and shipbuilding steel*
18. Submarine sounding signal apparatus,
17. Aeroplanes and air craft of any r~ind, their
reco*?ni'/,able component parts and accessories,
re corniced as such, objects and Material which
can be reeofmised as intended to be used for
aerial navigation*
IB* Tools and implements used in the manuiaeturinp'
and repairing of arras and war material.
19* Turners lathes* of any :ind.
30. Wood for underground -vork*
31. Coal and coke*
33. Flax*
i8« As relative contraband of war the following' articles
and material which can be used for warlike as well
as peaceful purpoes, are to be considered :-
1* Provisions.
3. Forare and fodder of an y kin-:.
3* Articles of slothing which can be used for military
purposes* clothing and shoes.
|« Animal wool, raw or worked up, as well as woolen
carded yarn.
• Gold and silver coined and in bullion, as well as
paper money.
•« Vehicles of any kind which can be used pur v/ar
war purposes, especially all motor vehicles.
7. Rubber tires for motor vehicles, as we m all
articles and material used in the manufacture and
repair of the same.
8. Caotchouo and fnitta-r oreha and articles uropafced
from the same.
9. Fixed or rollinp railroad i material, telegraph,
radio and telephone material.
10. Fuel material, except coal and coke; lubrisatinr
material*
11. Sulphur, sulphuric acid, nitric acid*
-r-
- 3 -
13. Horse shoes and utensils for making them.
13. The following ores:- Wolframite and Sheeite,
molybdane, nickel , chrome, hematite iron,
manganese and lead ores,
14. The following metals: Wolfram, molybdenum,
vanadium, nickel, selen, cobalt, hematite
raw iron, manganese, aluminium, copper.
15. Antimony and its sulphur combinations and
oxirier,.
16. Iron alloys ( ferric combinations) inclusive
wolframite - molybdenium - ;.!anpanase -
vanadium * and chrome iron.
17. Harness and saddle equipments.
18. Leather i prepared and unprepared, as far
as it can be used for saddlery, harness ,
military shoes and other military uniform
equipment.
19. Tannine materials of all kinds, inclusive
of the extracts used in the process of
tanning.
30. Woods of all kinds, raw or v/orked up
( especially also cut, sawed, and planned)
excepting wood for underground working;
Hisit charcoal tar.
31. Ships, boats, and water craft of all kinds,
floating docks and constructions for dry
docks, as wall a^ the parts of them.
**• The following articles cannot be declared as
contraband of war :-
1» Raw cotton, raw silk, raw Jute, raw hemp.
^» Rosin, varnish, hep.
3. Raw hides, horns, bones, and ivory.
4. Natural anr? artificial fertilizers.
5. Farth, clay, burnt lime, chalk, stones
inclusvive marble, brick, slats and
tiles for roofinp.
6. Porcelain and glass«
7. Paper and material for the manufacture of
the same.
8. Soap, paints inclusive the materials for
the preparation of the same and varnish.
9. OhMride of line, soda, caustic xxxrt soda.
sulphide of sodium in cakes, aroiionia
sulphate of copper.
10* Machines for arricultural and mining
__
- A -
purposes, for the textile industries and
machines" for printing purposes.
11. Precious stones, half precious stones, pearls,
mother-of-pearl and corals.
13, Clocks and pocket matches, except chronometers.
13, Fancy p-oods and stationery.
14, Feathers of all kinds, hair and bristles.
15, Objects for living apartments and ornamentation
of homes; office furniture and office supplies,
33, In so far as circumstances are not against it, the
aursimisr* hostile destination noted in 33 is to be assumed
in :
(a) If the cargo is directed to an enemy government
office, or governmental authority (Behorde), or
to an a<?ent of the same, or to a trader of whom
it is known that he furnished the articles in
question, or prepares products from the same,
to an enemy, or to an admini strati ve office of
an enemy -ovarnment.
(b) If the cargo is sent "on order" or to a consignee
whose name cannot be discovered from the ships
papers, or to a person sojourning in enemy
country, or in a territory occupied by the enemy,
(c) If the cargo is directed to a fortified place of
the onemy, or to a place which serves the enemy
forces as a base of operations or supply basis,
merchant ships as such are not to be assumed
a3 intended for the enemy forces or for administrative
places of an enemy government, simply because they are en
route to places specified in c.
35. Objects of the relative contrail: and of we** are
subject to confiscation only on ships en route to enemy
territory , or territory occupied by enemy forces, providing
that the articles in nuostion are not intended to be
discharged in a port which the ship touches before reaching
her final destination.
The limitation of *Absatz 1 " does not hold
good :
(a) If the presumptions of No. S8 b are evident, or
(b) If the ship is directed to a neutral country
of which it is known that the enemy purchases
articles of the kind in question from there.
40, A confiscation can not be based on a formerly
carried out and finished trip on which contraband
was carried. If , however, the ship has carried
contraband to the enemy contrary to the statements
of the ships papers, she is subject to seizure and
confiscation until after the war.
- 5 -
This order takes effect after its publication*
Great Headquarters
April 18, 1915. William.
von Tirpitz. «
Need not be returned.
227
Stettt)^
cfeblatt
3al)tgang 1915
,/<*
/
M. 49
^n^alt: ^crorbnung, betreffenb Slbartberung ber <Prifenorbnung uom 30. September 1909. ®. SS7.
(Sftr. 4714) Skrorbmmg, betreffenb Slbfinberung ber *Prtfenorbmmg, fcom 30. September 1909
(«Reic03.@efek&l. 1914 6. 275, 441, 481, 509). Som 18. Nprtl 1915.
3,
^•fti&fiftiSMWw]
Jn 23erge(tung ber toon Gngtanb nub fetnen Serbiinbeien abtoetdjenb Don bee
£onboner CMaruttg liber bag (5ee£rteg§red)t oom 26. gebruar 1909 getroffeneu
Scftimmungen genelnnige 3$ f#r Den gegentodrtigen $rteg bic nacfyfteljenben
Slbdnberungen ber ^prifenorbnung oom 30. September 1909 fomie ifyrer 3ufa^8
toom 18. Oftober, 23. SRoocmber nnb 14. ^Dejem&er 1914.
2ln bie ©tede ber giffern 21, 23, 27, 33, 35, 40 foioie ber gufd^e $ur
gtffer 23 treten folgertbe SScftimmungcn :
21. 21(8 ®rieg§fonterbanbe tnerben bie nacfyjMjenben, unter ber ©egetdjmmg
abfotute ®onterbanbe begriffenen ©egenjldnbe nnb ©toffe angefefyen:
1. SBaffen jeber Slrt mit (Sinfdjlujj ber SCaffen fiir fportltd)e g^ecfe nnb
ifyre ate foldje fenntlic^en 33efianbtetle/
2. ©efefyoffe, ®artufdjen unb ^patronen jeber Slrt fottrie i§re ate folcl)e
lenntUc^en Sejtanbtetfe;
3. 6d)ieJ3tonloer nnb ©torengjtoffe jeber SIrt;
4. ©cfd^rofyre, Cafettcn, ^pro^en, 5Jtonitton8tt>agen, gelbfucfyen, 53ac£ofen<
toagen, ^prooiantmagen, gelbfcfymieben, ©djeintr-erfer, ©cfyeimoerfergerdt
unb ifyre ate foldje fetmtlidjen Seftanbtetle;
5. Sntfcrnunggmeffer unb il)re ate folcfye tenntlicfyen 93eftanbteile,-
6 . ^Doptoetgldfer, gemro^re, (Efyronometer unb nauttfefye 3njtrumente aller 2lrt /
7. mtlitdrifcfye ate foldje fenntltcfye ^(eibungS* unb 3lu8rfifhmg3ftude/
8. fur ben ferteg benupare fReit-, 3ug> unb £aftttere;
9. mtfitdrtfd)e3 ate folct)e§ lenntlic^eS ©efefyirr jeber 2lrt;
10. Cagergerdt unb feinc ate folcfye fenntttdjen 33ejknbtetfe/
11. ^3an^erplatten/
12. SBtet in Srbcfen, flatten ober dlfyxtn}
!Keid)8.©efe66l. 1915. 5G
Sluggegeben 3U Mm ben 20. Slprtl 1915.
■ yf'
■■ k t' •-
228 —
13. 6tarf)elbral)t, foU>ic Me gu beffen 33efejtigung unb Serfcfynetbung bienen«
ben SBerfjeugc;
14. 2Bcij3blcd)C/
15. $rieg§fd)iffe unb fonjrtge £rieg§fa()rgeuge fotoie fold)e SejlcmbteUe, bie
nad) iljxxx befonberen 33efd)affenl)eit nur auf einem $rteg§fa$r$eugc
benufet toerben tonncn/ ©cfyijfsblccfye nnb ©djiffoaufta^l/
1 6. Untcrivoffct'fc^allfigualapparatc/
17. Cuft- nnb gfagfatyrjeuge aHer Slit, beren a(§ foldje tenntlicfyen SScflanb*
tetle fott)ie gu^^ude, ©egenft&nbe unb ©toffe, bie erfennbar jur
Cuf tf d^iffa ^rt ober gu gfog^toeden bienen foUett;
18. SBcrfyeuge unb SSorridjtungen, bie au§fc6)tieBtid^ gur 2lnferttgung unb
$lu§befferung oon SBaffen unb ®rieg§material ^ergepcllt ftnb/
19. ©refybanfe jeber Slrt/
20. ©ruben^olg/
21. tfotylen unb ®of§;
22. $ta&)%.
23. TO $rieg8fonter6attbe toerben folgenbe fiir frtegerifcfye hue fur frieb*
lid)e gtoetfc oertoenbbare unter bet 33e§eitfynung reiatitoe ^onterbanbe begriffene
©egenftanbe unb ©tojfe angefe[)en:
1. Cc6cn§mittcl/
2. garage unb guttermittel jeber Slrt/
3. fiir niditdrifdje gmccfc geeignete JHeibunggftude, $leibung§jtoffe unb
©dudjmcrf;
4. tiertfefje 2Itotte, ro[) ober bearbeitet, fotoic tooKene ©treicbgame unb
^ammgawe ;
5. ©olb nnb ©ilber, gepragt unb in barren, fonjtc *j3apiergetb ;
6. fiir ben ®ricg oerftenbbarc guljrtoerfe jeber Slrt unb il)re 93c(!anb*
teile, in§befonbere ade fctftfabi^euge;
7. ©ummiraber fiir ^raftfafyrjeuge, fotoie aHe ©egenftanbe unb ©toffe,
bie befonbevS bei ber jperfteGung ober JReparatur oon ©unmrirabern
oerloenbet tocrben;
8. ®autfd)uf unb ©uttapercfya unb bie barau§ ^ergejteilten SBaren/
9. fejte§ ober rodenbeS (Sifenbafynmaterial, MegrapDen*, gmdentelegraptyen*
unb Mepfyonmatericd;
10. geucrungSmatertal, cwSgenommeit $ol)(en unb $of8/ ©d;mier(toffc/
11. ©cfyloefel, ©cfytoefelfdnre, ©alpeterfaure/
12. £mfeifen unb £uffd)mtebegerat/
13. folgenbe (Erge: SBolframerje (3Mframtt unb ©credit), SMtybbcm*,
yiktd*, (Efyrom*/ ^amatiteifen*, Siangan*, Slei^rj/
14. folgenbe SMalle: SGBolfram, SMnbbctn, Sanobium, SfUrfel, ©elen,
Cobalt, ^dmatitrofyeifen, Siangan, SUmninium, ^upfer/
— 229 —
15. Slntimon fomie feine ©cfytoefeloerbinbungen unb Ojtybe/
16. (Sifenlegierungen (gerro^erbinbungen) einfdjltejjlidj SMfram*, ?£Rol^B-
ban*, Siangan*, Sanabiunt*, (Sfrconvdtfen;
17. ©efctnrr unb ©arreting/
18. Ceber, gugertdjtet unb ntc^t gugeric^tet, fofern eS bvancr/bar ijt fiir
©attterei, ©efcfyirr, 9Jtt(itarfd)uI^eug ober mUitdrtfdjc ^(eibuiiggjtucte;
19. ©erbftoffe aflrr Slrt einfd)ltej$lidj bee beim ©erben gebraucfyten (Sgtrafte;
20. $6Ijer jcber Slrt, rot; ober bcarbeitet (in§befonbere attcf) beljauen, gc*
fdgt, ge|obeIt, genutet), auSgenommeii ©rubenfyol^/ £olgfo()tenteer/
21. ©^iffc, §3oote unb SBafferfafyr^euge jeber Strt, ©dfjttrimmbotfS unb
Storridjtungen fiir ^rocfenbocB fotoie i^rc 33ejtanbteile.
27. 2113 ^riegSfonterbanbe fbnnen bie . nacf/jtefyenben ©egenjrdnbe ntd)t
erf (art toerbeu:
1. SRoIj&aumtooIIe, SRor)feibe, rofye 3nte, roller #cmf/
2. Joarj, Pad, ^opfen/
3. rojjc gede, Corner, S\nod)en unb (Stfenbein;
4. natiirlicfyer unb fuujftidjer hunger;
5. (Srbe, 'ion, .Mr", $reibe, ©teine mit 6tnfd)lujj be3 SJtormorS, Stegel*
peine, ©dn'efer unb 'Dac^iegel/
6. sporjeaan unb ©Ia§;
7. papier unb bie gu fciner £erjteKung guberetteten ©toffe,-
8. ©eife, garbe mit (EinfcC)[uJ3 ber augfdjliejjlid) ju u)rer £>erjteKung be*
fttmmten 93?ateria(ien unb girniS /
9. (Efjforfalf, ©oba, Sanation, fc§njefelfaure§ Matron in $ucr;en, Slmmoniaf,
fdjtoefelfaureS Slmmomaf unb ftHtpferoitriol/
10. SCRafd^inen fiir Canbtoirtfdjafi, fiir SBergbau, fiir %cr,tUtnbuftrie unb
fiir 33nd)bru(ferei/
11. Gbelfteine, £>a(bebe(fteme, 9perten, *Perfatutter unb ^orallen,-
12. ^urm* unb SBanbu^ren, ©tanbu^ren unb SLafcfyenutyren aufjer (Sfyrono*
metern /
IB. SJlobc- unb ©alanterietoaren,-
14. gebcrn jeber 5lrt, £>aare unb ©orjten;
15. ©cgenfrdnbe pit 2M)nung§einricf)tung unb gum SBoIjmungSfcfymucfe/
53urcaumobc( unb 53ureaubebarf.
83. ©ofcrn bie Umftdnbe bem nict)t toiberfprecfyen, ift bie in £iffer 32
qeicfynete feinbltdje 53ejtimnntng anjunefymen:
a) loenn bie ©enbung an cine feinblicfye SBefybrbe ober ben 5lgenten einer
folcfyen ober an einen $dttblct, oon bem feftjtef)t, ba$ er ©egenftdnbe
ber fraglicfyen Wet ober ©rjeugniffe au§ ifmen ber ©treitmacfyt ober ben
33erh>altung8fteHen beg feinblidjen ©taateS liefert, gericfytet ift/
^H
■ i
■
>*t
X>,
■P
■
■
— 230 -
b) tocnn bie ©cnbung an Orber ober an emeu au§ ben ©cfyiffgpapteren
ntcfyt erficfytlicfyen (kmpfanger ober an cine *perfon, bie fid) tm fcinb»
licfyen ober oom geinbe befe^ten ©ebiet auffyalt, gericfytet ifl;
c) toemt bie ©enbung nacfy einem befejtigten *J3la&e beg getnbeg obex nacfy
einem *pfafcc, ber ber fetnblicfyen ©treitmacfyt alg Operation^* ober
S3erforgunggbajtg bient, beftimmt iji.
ftauffafyrteifefyiffe felbft jlnb nicfyt fdjon urn begmitfen alg fur bit feinbticfye
©trcitmadjt ober fur SBertoaltunggftellcn beg feinblicfyen ©taateg bejtimmt angu*
fefyen, roetf fie jtdj auf ber gal)rt nadj einem ber ju c be^etcfyneten ^pld^e bo
finben.
35. ©cgenjMnbe ber relattoen ^onterbaubc unterltegen ber SBefc^tagna^me
nur auf einem ©d)iffe, bag ftd) auf ber galjrt nad) bem feinblidjen ober bom
gcinbe befel^ten ©ebiet ober jwr feinblic^en ©treitmacfyt befhtbet nnb bag btcfe
©egenftdnbe nid)t in einem neutralen Sloifdjenfyafen auglaben foil, b. I), in einem
£>afen, ben bag ©d)iff oor bem Srreic^en jeneg gieteg an^ulaufen fyat.
£)ie (Einfcfyranfung beg Slbf. 1 finbet feme 5lmoenbwig:
a) menu bte Soraugfe^ungen ber giffer 33b oorliegen ober
b) ioenn bag ©d)iff nad) einem neutralen Canbe beftimmt iji, oon bem
fejlftefyt, ba$ bie feinb(id)e Sftegierung oon bort ©egenjldnbe ber frag*
tidjen Uxt bqie^t
40. 2luf ©runb einer frfifyer auggefuSjrten, aber bereitg ooUenbeten 53e»
forberung oon ^onterbanbe fann cine 2iufbrmgung nicfyt betoirft toerben.
$at jebocfy bag ©cfyiff $onterbanbe cntgegen ben Slngaben fetner ©djtffS*
paipiere bem geinbe gugefii^rt, fo unterliegt eg ber Slufbrmgung unb Smgte^ung |
big gur ©eenbigung beg ®riegeg.
£)iefe Serorbnung trttt mit iijrer SSerfitnbtgung in $raft.
©rojeg £auptquartier, ben 18. 5tyril 1915.
(L. S.) SBityefot
o. %iroi
®cn SSesufr be$ 9Mt5$ » ©efdjbfattS tiermittebt tmr fcie gsofianftattctt.
f)erau8gege6en im 9teidjSamt be* 3nnettt« — ©etltn, gebrutft in bet JReidjSbtucEerei.
UJhluzeit - Q/UJ^JL VKta^>C Qbui.IJ.tfH .
Country, . . ♦ • . ., Turkey. ] ort Constantinople, fie.
Report from J3$ s* s. 80QRPX0& 2?eed not he returned,
Sate of Import* ApVll 19,1915.
"O— Q-O'-O—O-O-O—C-'C— C— C— C—C-C— 0 — C«-C~C""0— 0— 0— C— C—C-O-C— C— C— C-0-O-C-C— C—G—C •"<)•"
1# Blaolc jjtfjj
(a) -On /'.pril 15ft?3o Turkish sailing coal
shim ware sunk, the TarXiafc 3.3.1:
co~l ▼esseltwas sun^fthe Turkish 3,3.
Etel was forced to rfaa Lahore o.nd Is
wrecked, and tho ?ur3ci?fc. 8#8#BSW,1JB was
badly damaged, but succeeded in reaching
i.ort he$a*$hs latter vessel was seen
oo '.iin.fr in, and had quite a list to port,
and its bow wis partly go ne» These ships
were sitnle while trying to cot to Cozlon,
and other nine to'ns on shore to get coal.
(b)-Jbnr Turlciah Government ooal st B ore cone
infwith coal , abou t a weelc a#o#3o fir Kg
lino^n no other con! vessels h.^e gotten in
safely. There is a snail amour, t of M& cod-
ing by camel feadfe still, overt and from Zondal~
dakf.*c.
2* Ojcnatcn tinopl a.
"7e')-f have been -told the SttlgsHftm Governments
t result of pressure by 3usnl%has held up
the as tmitiofl that was bfrteg brourht into
Turkey from Austria and Gei*r.any,and thrt,as
I rosul't,the Tories fosr I scarcity of arr-un-
ition;but this has not been verified* It is
."'lso said recent inspired articles in local
era bare, 00*91*1 nlng against lack of
neutrality on part of the Dhftcxil States in
; emitting exportation of Ajasrioan aannttit*-
ion to the Buss ians ,waro pc&llsbs4 primarily
on ao^evnt of this.
^ ^ ,
-K
•:
[See 1'amKrx.ph •■ I instructions of October SI, l!>0<>.)
4
Weed not be returned, _^
SUBJECT ■
--MIir£S-on-W3T^H-COA-S2-S*
From . Z (Hi ..JVo. \^dfjd- ,- Date April ZQtiit. ____^___. ._\ 191 5
Replying to 0. JV. I. JV'o i)afe .._^r^..^_^__J(^^<I^J
The following particulars in regard to the number of mines
which have been found off the Dutch coasts since the outbreak of
hostilities are reported in the ideuweC urant , The Hague, April
15th:
The total number of mines found on and off the Dutch coasts
up to the 1st of April, 1915, is 487. These mines divided accord-
ing to origin are: 259 English, 54 French, 28 German and 146 of
unknown origin. The majority of these mines have been fired at
and sunk. A large number of these mines have also been destroyed
on the shore. Most of these mines have been found between The
Helder and The Hook of Holland. A large number have also been
found north of The Helder.
As previously reported ux^on, several accidents happened
earlier in tho war in the attempt to break down anddisasserable
/
some of the mines found on the iJutch coast. '
•
Office of Naval Intelligence,
April 21, 1915.
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Russian' Imperial Order on the application
of "Declaration of London" to the
present war, with a translation of Russian
text of the Declaration and explanations laid
down by Navy Department.
Translated by Miss N.D.Eomine. Revised by
Captain IT. A. McOully.
Imperial Ukaz.
on the application' of Rules of Naval War elab-
orated by the London Conference of 1908 - 1909
with certain amendments thereof and supplements
thereto as well as Explanation of the conformity
(or adaption) of the Naval Prize Rules with the
"Rules of Naval War"
Order of the Minister of the Navy to
the Fleet and to the Navy Department,
Petrograd 9th September 1914, No. 304.
I arn publishing for execution by the Fleet and by the
Naval Department the Imperial Order to the governing Senate
dated this 1st day of September (old style), printed in the No.
249 issue of the collection of Laws and Legislative orders, art.
2352, 1914, in conjunction with the Rules of Naval War as elabo-
rated by the London Conference of 1908 - 1909.
At the same time, in view of the importance that said "Rules"
be strictly complied with i.n practice, I direct that the hereunto
annexed "Explanation" in regard to conformity for adaption) of
the above "Rules" with the "Naval Prize Eules", be complied with.
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( Signed) Grigorovich,
Minister of the Navy,
General-aid-de-camp,
TO THE NAVAL GENERAL STAFF.
Imperial Ukaz.
to the governing Senate.
Having found it necessary, owing to agreement con-
cluded with the allied French and British Governments, to
apply - as a provisory measure - the Regulations in regard
to the right of Naval War, elaborated by the London Naval
Conference of 1908-1909, with some amendments thereof and
supplements thereto, and having approved the decision of the
Council of Ministers in this respect, We order:
that the hereunto annexed "Rules of Naval War" elab-
orated by the London Naval Conference of 1908-1909, and the
following amendments and supplements, be complied with during
the "ore sent war.--
As absolute contraband is considered:
1) All kinds of arms, including those used in
hunting, as well as se oar ate compotent parts.
2) Projectiles, shells and cartridges of all kinds
and separate component oarts.
3) Gunpowder and explosives specially used in war.
4) Gunmounts, caissons, limbers, vans, field
forges and their component parts.
5) Articles especially intended for military
equipment and war purposes.
6) Special harness for war purposes of any kind.
7) Riding, driving and pack animals, which may
be suitable for war purposes.
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10) V/ar Vessels and boats and their component parts,
which, owing to their characteristics, cannot be used
otherwise than on war vessels.
11 ) Instruments and apparatus exclusively intended for
the preparation of war materials, or for making and repair-
ing arms and articles of either land or naval war equipment.
12) Aeronautics and aeronautical apparatus, sejjarate
parts of them, as well as appurtenances, articles and material
specially destined for aeronautical purposes.
Conditional Contraband is:
1) Provisions.
2) Forage and grain suitable for feeding animals.
3) Clothing and material f.or clothing, as well as
boots or shoes for military purposes.
4) Gold and silver in money and ingots and also paper
money.
5) All kinds Af carriages and carts suitable for war
purposes, as well as their separate parts.
5) Ships, vessels and boats of all kinds, floating docks,
$arts of docks and separate parts of such.
7) Railroad material, permanent or mobile, telegraph
material and radiotelegraph and telephone material.
8) Fuel, lubricating materials.
9) Gunpowder and explosives not used exclusively for
war purposes.
10) Barbed wire as well as tools for securing or cutting
it.
11) Horseshoes and forge material.
12) Harness and saddles.
13) Binoculars, telescones, chronometers and various
naut ic al inst rument s .
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II
4 neutral ship which "by evasion conveys to the enemy con-
traband under false papers, may be seized for carrying such
contraband if she be encountered before the termination of
her return voyage
3.
The destination mentioned in Par. 33 of the "Rules on
Naval Warw, elaborated by the London Naval Conference, is
established by any sufficient evidence and is considered as
existing, besides the presumption fixed by Par. 34, in two
case of any goods shipped to an agent of the enemy country
either for him, or for a dealer, or to any other person known
to be a purveyor of the enemy government, or for such dealer
or such person.
ft.
The existence of the "blockade is considered to be known:
a) to all vesselsm whcih may have left an enemy port, or
have entered any such port within a time after notification
ibf the blockade by the local authorities, sufficient for the
enemy government to have made the same public.
b) to all vessels, which may have left a Russian or
allied port, or have entered such nort after the blockade
has been made public.
5.
In amendment of the stipulations of Par. 35 of the "Rules"
of the London Naval Conference, should the destination of
conditional contraband, mentioned in Par. 33, be proved, such
goods will be subject to confiscation in whatever port the
ship may take them and whatever they may be landed.
The governing Senate must issue the necessary order to
carry the above into effect.
The original is signed in His Majesty's own handwriting.
"NICOLAS".
Tzarskoe Selo
:;; e pt e mb er lot 1914.
Counters ignedt
Croremykin, Secretary of State,, president
of the Council of Ministers, — \
r
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Annex
Ihucs governing
the operations during a naval war,
elaborated by tlie London Oonfer-
enoe of 1908 - 1909
Chapter I.
Blockade during war.
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1.
*
A blockade my be established only on ports and coasts
belonging to the enemy, or oceu ued i.»y him.
2.
In accordance with the Pnrie "Declaration" of 1856, a
blockade to be binding, must be effective, that is, it must be
maintained by a force sufficient to constitute a real obstacle
to the access to the enemy1 s shore.
3.
The' question of effectiveness of a blockade is a ques-
tion of fact.
4.
r.ihe blockade is not considered
o on
i as ra
ised if the block-
ading vessels withdraw temporarily by reason of bad weather.
5.
i:
The blockade must be applied to every flag without ex-
empt ion. y
hose rules follow the
London . " iH ^Hl ? n
Wt of tho "
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6.
She Commander of the blockading forces may allow war
vessels to enter a blockaded port, and afterward to leave It.
In case of distress, verified by an officer of the
blockading forces, a neutral ship may enter find leave a block-
aded area, upon condition of neither discharging nor shitming
any cargo, while there.
8.
A blocfekd&J in order to be effective, must be( declared /
in accordance ?.: :tth Par. 9 a no" made public in accordance with
Pars. 11 and 16. T)
T
9.
ho declaration of the blockade is made either by the
government of the blockading power, or by the naval authorities
acting in the name of this power.
The d e cj a rs t i on f i r.e & :
1; She dvy of the beginning of the blockade;
2) Spie geographic limits of the blockaded coast;
3) The term allowed to neutral vessels for leaving. /
10.
Should the blockading Power, or the naval authorities
acting in its name, not comply with the stipulations which, in
virtue of provisions/fef the P*P« 1 and E of Par. 9, they ought to
have observed in declaration of the blockade, the latter will
be considered null and void, and, in order that the blockade
should be lawful, it must be again declared.
11.
The blockade is declared:
1) To neutral ..ewers - by the blockading Power i.v direct com-
munication to the Powers themselves, or to their accredited
representatives ;
2) To local authorities - by the Commanded of blockading forces;
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these authorities, in their ttern* inform thereof - within the
shortest delay possible - the foreign consuls of the port, or
coast, blockaded.
12*
The rules in regard to the declaration of the blockade
and to the information thereof, are to be complied with also
in such cases when the area of the blockade may be extended,
or, after having been suspended, is resumed,
13.
A voluntary suspension of the blockade, as well as any
abridgement, must be made known in accordance with stipulations
of Far, 11.
14.
The possibility of seizing' a neutral vessel for breaking
the blockade, depends on hem real or presumed knowledge- of the
blockade.
15.
The knowledge of the blockade is presumed, if there be
no oroof to the contrary, when tie vessel has left a neutral
port after the blockade has been announced in due time to the
Power, to which the port belongs.
16.
Should a vessel approaching a blockaded port not know of
the existence of the blockade, or if it can not be presumed that
she knew of it, then the communication to that effect must be
made to the vessel oj an officer from one of the blockading
shi os. Such ooniHUjni cation must be entered, in the ship's lo
(diary) book, stating the aay and hour, as well as the eographio
position of the vessel at the given moment,
A neutral ship, leaving a blockaded port, must be allowed
to do so without hindrance if, owlnfc to negiigenoe of the Com-
mander of 'ibu blockading forces, the local authorities were not
informed of the blockade, or ii , in having been Informed oj it,
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the term has not been ffla&e known to them.
1 7
A neutral ship can he seised for bruauli of blockade only
within the sphere of action of war vessels which are entrusted
with maintaining the effectiveness of the blockade.
13 «
Blockading forces must not interfere with access tc neu-
tral ports and coasts.
19.
If a vessel at ths moment he on her way to an im'blockaded
port, and whatever may he her suboUvjuent destination, or the
destination of her cargo, the breach of the blockade is not con-
sidered sufficiently established to justify her seizure.
If a shi;, violating the blockade by leaving a blockaded
port, or "uy attempting to enter it, she is subject to seizure
as long as she is pursued by a ship of the blockading force. If
the chase after her be stopped, or if the blockade be suspended,
she oannot, after this moment, be seized.
i.. J. •
A vessel found guilty of violating a blockade is confis-
cated. The cargo also will be confiscated unless it be proved
, it J he moment of shipping the cargo, the shipper did not
and could not know of her Intention to violate the blockade.
•
Chapter II #
fpi.imwii»V ■ wim— muni i i i. ■■■i
War contraband .
■ I I MM II ■!> H IT— i^ii ■— !<■,■■■ IK ■■!■■
22.
As war contraband oy right,, are considered the foll07;ing
article* and materials, designated as absolute contraband:
1) All kinds of arms, including tnose used in hunting, as v. ell
as their separate tenant parts.
2) rojectiics, 3hell8 end triages of all kioas, i a weil aa
eir Disparate component par%&,
3) Gunpowder and explosive: . cially used in war.
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4) Gun splints, caissons, limbers, vans, lie Id forges arid their
component parts ,
5) Articles especially intended for field equipment and war
purposes.
6) Special harness for war purposes of any icind.
7) Hiding, driving and pack animals, which aiay be suitable for
army use .
8) Articles of camp outfit and parts cf thorn,
o ) Armor .
10) WW vessels and "boots i nd their component parts, phien,
owing to their characteristics, cannot ho i^ ed otherwise than
for war vessels.
11) Tools and apparatus intended exclusively for the preparation
of war material, or for making :md repairing &xma and articles
of either land or naval ©ojuipjiienft*
tj-,' •
Articles and materials used exclusively for military pur-
poses, may he added to the list of contraband by means of a special
pub 1 is h ed no t ioe •
This declaration is forwarded to the governments of other
Powers, or to their representatives, accredited to the Power
making the declaration. A declaration made after the beginning
of hostilities, is forwarded to neutral Sowers only.
Ac a war right, the following articles, ^aieh may serve
war purposes, as well \ 3 c© requirements, ...re coital* ..rod as
"conditional coat ,id."
1) provisions.
2) Forage and ■ ■ .. for feeding animals.
3) Clothing and toaterial for clothing, a: LI as -hoes hoot
or sloes for i poaes^
4) Gold anc silver in J i , . /.
6) All "teincs of carriages : for military pur-
poses end their pa2ts.
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6) Ships t "barges, boats ox any kind. , floating docks, parts of
them and fcheiar s'epkrate parts,
7) Railway material, permanent arid mobile, telegraph, radio-
telegraph and telephone notorial.
8) Aerostates and aeronautic apparatus, separate ..arts of them,
as v/ell as appurtenances., articles tixUI material specially des-
tined for aeronautical purposes.
9) Fuel and lubricating materials,
10} Gunpowder and explosives not used exclusively for way pur-
poses,
11} Barbed wire, as wall as tools for securing and cutting the
same .
12} Horseshoes and forging material,
13) Harness and saddles.
14} Binoculars, telescopes, chronometers and various nautical!
instruments .
SB
rfcioles and Materials, which raay servo for wair - as
3 for peaceful purposes, not enumerated in Par. ZZ and
24, uay subsequently be included as articles of conditional
contraband ay means of a declaration, published in accordance
wi th sf 1 pulat ions o f p , g , Par , g 5 .
JB6.
Should any fower not desira - inasfar as it may be it-
self concerned - to consider as war contraband articles and
materials, which belong to one of ths categories mentioned in
r.22 and 24, it must make its intention by a declaration as
prescribed in sx&xxsqsrja P*2 of ]?ar.83.
27.
Articles and mate rials which cannot be made to nerve fox
Military purposes, cannot be dec feared to oe war contraband.
to.
:j:e following tlciefi cannot be i rod to oe war con-
tr abend :
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1) Xbm sil1.?., rv:u wool, silk, *ute, flax, hemp and other rav;
material of textile industries, as well as their yarns,
2) LTuts and cil-^iving seeds; copra.
3) Caoutchouc, India rubber, g:tsm« hops.
4) E&w hides, herns, bones and ivory,.
5) Hatural and artiiieial manure, including nitrates and phos-
phates, which are destined for agricultural purposes*
£} neral ores.
7) Earthy argyle, line, chalk, stones, including marble, brick,
slate and tile.
8) Porcelain and £lass.
9} tpep and pulp prepared for its laanufaeturo .
10 ) Soaps, mints, including materials, exclusively destined
for their preparation, ana varnishes.
11) Lime chlorite, scde aeide, caustic po&af sulphate of soda
in pieces, ammonium, sulphate of ammonium and sulphate of cop-
per .
12) Machinery for agriculture sad for mining industries, tex-
tile industries and printing.
13) rrecious and seni-preeioue stones, pearls, mother of pearl
arc" corals.
14) "'atchos and clocks, except chronometers.
15) Articles of fashion and luxury.
16) All kinds of leathers, hair and bristles.
17) Furniture and ornamental articles; ahii.ee furniture aad
ace es series .
29.
The folic."7 in;-; article 3 c.all also not be considered as
war o o n t r ab and :
1) Articles and JTials ^ervin or the
of ... i.c . !a;..:vjr, in case of urgent military necessity
■; they r;:vy bo requisitioned < tsation, If t£ey
are Lned as aontc Led t.' fcar< 3J.
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2) Articles and materials, intended for the requirements of
the ship on which they are found, or for the crew or passengers
curing the voyage.
Articles of absolute contraband are subject to seizure,
if it be established that they are destined for the enemy ter-
ritory, or lor a territory occupied by the enemy, or for enemy
military or naval forces. They may be seised independently of
whether they are shipped direct, or are to be transshipped, or
are to be conveyed further by land,
} 31.
The destination mentioned in iJar.30 is considered to he
definitely proved, if:
1) according to ships papers the cargo is to be discharged in
an enemy port, or to be delivered to the enemy's armed forces;
and
2) the ship must enter only enemy's ports, or if she must en-
ter an enemy's port or join enemy's armed forces before enter-
ing a neutral port, to which the bills of lading' are made out.
{ 32.
The ship's papers are full proof of the destination of
the vessel carrying cargo which is absolute contraband, except
when it is evident that she has deviated from the route, which
she ought to have tafeei according to her documents, and when she
cannot give satisfactory reasons for such deviation.
33 .
Articles of conventional contraband are subject to
seizure if it^e proved that they are destined for military
forces or authorities of the enemy's country, unless, in the
latter ease, circumstances prove that, in reality, the goods
cannot be used in the war actually going on. 'I'his latter
clause does not refer to articles mentioned in p.4,of rar.£4.
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34.
The destination of the cargo, as contemplated by Par,
33, is presumed to he proved if the cargo he addressed to enemy
authorities, or to a merchant, residing in the enemy!s cotmtry
and of whom it is known that lie is supplying' such articles and
goods to the enemy. The same rule is applied also in the case
when the cargo is destined to an enemy's fortified place or, to
some other point serving as base for the enemy's armed forces.
However, such presumption is not applied to the merchant vessel
rself, which is on her way to any such place and to which the
inherent character of contraband is presumably to be applied .
In absence of the above ;;entioned presumptions, the ship's
destination is considered to be of innocent character.
The presumptions established 1j2{ this section admit
proofs to the contrary.
5.
Articles of conditional contraband cannot be seized
otherwise than on board of the ship, proceeding to a locality
belonging to the enemy, or occupied by him, or towards a base
of his battle forces, and which, furthermore, must not discharge
the contraband goods in any neutral port on her way.
The ship's papers are full evidence ox)&he ship's voyage,
as well as of the place of discharging the cargo, unless 3he be
met after having deviated from the route, which she should have
taken according to her papers and when she cannot give satis-
factory explanation for such deviation.
36.
In modification of iar. 35, should the enemy territory
not have sea frontiers, the articles of conditional contraband
are subject to seizure, if it be proved that they are destined
as contemplated in Par. 33.
37.
A ship carrying articles which are subject to seizure
either as absolute, or as conditional contraband, may be :.cir,od
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in open sea, or in the waters of the parties at war &% any time
during the voyage, even should she propose to enter some port
of call on the way before reaching the enemy destination.
38.
A seizure cannot ho made for having previously carried
contraband, when this action has been completed.
39.
Contraband articles are subject to confiscation.
40.
Confiscation of a ship carrying contraband may be effected
if the contraband, in value, weight, or volume, or if amount
of freight (itlg , is greater than half of the whole .cargo.
41.
If a ship, carrying contraband, be released, it is liable
for all expenses incurred by the captor during the .Prise Court
proceedings, as well as expenses for maintenance of the ship
and her cargo during the proceedings.
42.
Goods belonging to the owner of the contraband and found
on the sane ship, are subject to confiscation.
43.
Should a ship, met at sea, not know of the beginning of
war operations, or of the declaration on contraband possibly
appliable to her cargo, then the contraband articles cannot be •
confiscated v/ithout paying compensation; the ship herself and
the rest of the cargo are exempt from seizure and from expenses
contemplated in Par. 41. The same rule is applied in case the
captain - having learnt of the beginning of war operations, or
of the declaration of contraband - has not had time to remove
the contraband cargo from his ship.
A ship is considered to bo informed of the breaking- out
of the war, or of the declaration of contraband, in case she
has left a neutral port after 3uch information of the beginning
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of war and declaration of contraband have in due time "been
communicated to the Power, to which said port "belongs. The
state of war is, moreover, considered to be known to the ship,
if she has left some enemy port after the beginning of war
operations.
44.
A ship stopped for carrying contraband and not confis-
cated by reason of the relatively small quantity of it on board,
may be allowed to continue her trip according to circumstances,
should the captain be willing to deliver the contraband to the
war vessel making the seizure.
The delivery of the contraband will be noted by the cap-
tor on the log book of the vessel stopped, and the captain of
the latter must deliver to the captor duly certified copies of
all necessary documents.
The captor may destroy all the contraband thus delivered
to him.
Chapter III.
Services rendered to
the fighting parties.
45.
A neutral vessel is confiscated and generally is subject
to all consequences to which it would be liable if confiscated
for carrying contraband:
1) when she undertakes the voyage especially for the trans-
port of passengers forming part of the enemy armed forces, or
for transmission of information in the interests of the enemy;
2) if, with the knowledge of her owner, or of the person who
has loaded her, or of the captain, she b« transporting a mili-
tary detachment, or any persons, who during the voyage have
itteocfcx exercise cj&irect relations with the enemy's operations.
In such cases (as above mentioned) the goods belonging
to the shipowner, arc also subject to confiscation.
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Che stipulations of the present section are not applied
if the ship - at the time when she was encountered at sea -
did not know of the war operations, or if the captain, after
having learnt of their "banning, had not had time to disembark
the persons travelling on board of his ship. A vessel is con-
sidered to he informed of the state of war: if she has left an
enemy port after the hostilities began; or a neutral port after
the declaration of the beginning of war operations was made, in
due time, to the Power, to whom said port belongs*
46.
A neutral ship is confiscated and generally subject to
all consequences to which it would be liable if it were an ene-
my's merchant vessel:
1) hen it takes an active part in war operations;
2) when it is under the order or control of an agent appointed
to the ship by the enemy government;
3) when it is freighted by the enemy government;
4} when at the moment it is employed exclusively either for
the transport of enemy's troops, or for transmission of informa-
tion in the enemy's interests.
In cases contemplated by the present section, the goods
belonging to the shipowner, are also subject to confiscation.
47,
Aiiy person belonging 'bo the armed forces of the enemy,
who may <.e discovered on a neutral ship, may be made war ris-
oner, even if there be no ground for the seizure of the ship.
Chapter IV.
."Destruction of neutral
prizes.
40.
A neutral 3hip seized cannot be destroyed by the taker,
but must be convoyed to at Dome port in order tliat a legal de-
cision be given on the lawfulness of the seizure.
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49.
As an exception, a neutral ship seized by a vessel of
a belligerent and subject to confiscation, may be destroyed if
the carrying out of the provisions of far. 48 should make it
dangerous for the war vessel, or for the success of operations
in which at the time it was engaged.
50.
Before destroying a vessel, safety of all persons on
■
board roust be provided for and all documents and other arti-
cles, v/hich the interested parties deem it necessary for the
investigation into the lawfulness of the seizure, must be
transferred to the war vessel.
51.
The captor who has destroyed a neutral ship, must, be-
fore the legal settlement on the question of the lawful In ess
of the seizure, prove by facts that he acted only in conse-
quence of an exceptional emergency, as foreseen by far .49.
Should he not do so, he is obliged to compensate interested
rties for losses, independently on whether the confiscation
will be judged to be legal, or not.
58.
Should the seizure of a neutral ship - the destruction
of which was justified - be afterwards recognised as having
been rae.de without sufficient reasons, the captor must then
compensate the interested parties, instead of returning them
the destroyed goods, to which they would be entitled by law.
53.
Should neutral goods, not subject to confiscation, have
been destroyed together with the ship, their owner is entitled
to compensation.
54.
The oaptor has the right to exact that goods, subject
to confiscation be turned over to him, or ho ean destroy them,
if such goods wore found on a ship, r.hich though* not subject
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to confiscation, the circumstances are such, that according to
i;ar.49, they would justify the destruction of a ship subject
to confiscation. The captor makes in the log book of the seized
ship a statement of all articles turned over to him, or destroyed,
and directs the captain to hand him a certified copy of all
documents, which he may need* After such transfer, or destruc-
tion, and after the carrying out of all formalities, the cap-
tain must be allowed to continue his voyage.
In this case the provisions of Par. 51 - 52 must be com-
plied with hy the captor who destroyed the neutral ship.
Chanter V.
Change of flag.
55.
The transfer of an enemy ship to a neutral flag before
the beginning of war operations, will be valid, imless it be
established that ouch transfer took place in order to avoid
consequences dependent on enemy character of the ship. Such
transfer is also -resumed to/be invalid if the document to that
effect is not on board of the ship and if, moreover, she has
lost her former nationality less than 60 days before the be-
ginning of war operations. Proofs to the contrary are admitted.
The validity of a transfer effected more than 30 days
before the beginning of war operations, is considered as cer-
tainly proved, if the transfer is absolute, full, and in con-
formance with the laws of the respective countries, and if the
lent of the ship and her revenues do not remain in the
e hands as before such transfer. Should, however, the shi
have lost the enemy nationality less than 60 days before the
beginning of hostilities and the documents of transition be
not on board of the shi;, the seizure of the sane docs not en-
title to compensation for losses.
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56.
The transfer of an enemy ship to a neutral Hag, when
made after the beginning of war operations is invalid, unless
it he -roved that such transfer was not mode in order to avoid
consequences de endent on her character 80 an enemy vessel.
However, the presumption of the invalidity is uncondi-
tional :
1) If the transfer wag made Yfhen the ship was making a voyage,
or when it is in a blockaded port;
2) If there he a right of repurchase, or a claim for return;
3) If the conditions, under which the transfer of the flag -
according to the laws of the flag hoisted - is subject^ hi ve
not been complied with.
Chapter VI.
Belonging to the enemy.
57.
V ith the reservation in regard to Regulations, governing
the transfer of flag, the neutral or enemy character of a ship
is determined by the flag, which she is entitled to hoist.
The qr.estion in regard to cases when neutral' ships
make voyages prohibited to foreigners in time of peace, re-
mains open and is in no way foreseen by the present rule.
53.
The neutral or enemy character of goods, found on board
of an enemy ship, is determined by the character of their owner.
59.
Should the neutral chacter of the cargo discovered on
board of an enemy ship* not be determined, the goods are con-
si dor ed to belong to the enemy.
60.
The enemy character of goods, 3hip;;ea on board of an
cmy ship, remains invariable until their arrival st destin-
ation, independently of the possible change of owner, which
may have happened during the cruise after wax operations had
begun.
- £0 -
However, should the former neutral owner - before the
seizure of the ship and in ease of bankruptcy of the enemy
owners - exercise the right of suina; Tor the return of the
goods to himself, then the c;oods resume their neutral character.
Chapter VII.
^■1|iiil»|i »TI.* lm»umiMi«MM ih—ii m,i|
The escort .
>— www— mi« ■ • tin . ■! !—■■■
Gl.
Heutral ships under an escort of their flag are free
from visit and search. The escort commanding officer gives,
upon the request of the commander of the war -vessel, every in-
formation as to the character of the ships and their cargoes,
which might have been obtained by searching.
.62 <
Should the commanding officer of a war vessel of a
belligerent sdccKa: have reasons to suspect that the escort com-
mander has been misled, he informs him of his suspicions. The
escort commander '.lone has in such cases the right to visit
the vessel. Ke must state the results of his search in a re-
port of v.hich a copy is ;:iven, sxofotextaafccs; to an officer of
the war vessel, should, in the opinion of the escort coramariler,
the circumstances thus established justify the seizure of one,
or several, ships, the .latter must be deprived of the protcc-
ion of the escort.
Chanter VIII
2;c si stance to visit and search.
03.
Resistance by farrce to a legal right of stopping, search-
ing and seizing a .-ship, leads always to confiscation of the
acme. The cargo und erodes the same consequences as a cargo of
an onemy ship; goods bolon to the captain or to the ship-
owners, are considered as enemy t;.oods.
-
.^ .^
—
- ai -
Chapter IX.
Conroe nsa t ion for lo ss es •
l- ■ ir*r ji i n ii _ ... .
64.
It the seizure of a ship or of goods be not recognised
as Justified by a legal decision, or ix, without submission to
legal proceedings, the seizure has been denied, then the In-
terested parties are entitled to compensation for losses, un-
less there be sufficient reasons for justifying the seizure
of the ship or of the cargo .
I
«*• ^ £j mm
rio llaval kept order
Explanation of 9 September, 1914
Ho .304,
regarding adaptation of the llaval
Prise Huloa v/ith the "Rules of Ila-
val War."
'The Imperial Ukas dated 1st September 1914 prescribes
that the "Rules of llaval War", established by the London Con-
ference with certain amendments and supplements (mentioned in
the Ukas ) v. ill be provisionally applied in the operations of
the present war. Consequently, in regard to naval prises, be-
sides the llaval Prise Rules (annexe to P. 3 53 of book X of the
Code of Kav.Reg.} the above mentioned "Rules", amendixig and
supplementing said liavy Regulation, must be applied. However,
in practice, the application of such varying and net co-ordin-
ated rules may create difficulties and misunderstandings.
In order to avoid such cases, on seme points it will
be sufficient to call the attention o.f officers as to which
amend
special sections of the llaval Prise Rules or supplement sec-
tions of the Rules of llaval ?"ar and by which of the latter
they are go modified. In this regard it is to be noted that:
1) Section 6 of the llaval Prise Rules, prescribing the manner
of searching neutral ship3, under escort of war-vessels is
amended and supplemented by sections 61 and 62 of the "Rules
of Naval War" ;
h) Section 7 of the Raval Prise Rule qfe one erning the determin-
ation and transfer of nationality of a ship - by Par .55 to
57 of the Rules of Raval V.ar;
3) the note to Par.lu of the ilcval Prise Rules, concerning
the property found on board of an enemy ship - by rar.58 to
60 of the Rules of llaval War; and
4) Par. 14 of the llaval Prise Rules, concerning tho seizure
of military contraband without seising the vessel on which
the same is transported - by Par. 44 and 54 of the Rules of lla-
val V.'ar.
•
- 23 -
3ut the principal difficulties and misunderstandings
may arise on most important and constantly raised questions
as to what ships and cargos are subject to seizure and confis-
cation. Regarding this point, section 9 of IJav&l Price Hn3.es
remains in force and directs that all siiipa and cargos which
are liable to be confiscated as prises are subject to seizure.
Then, after par. 10 (also regaining in force), establishing in-
stances of confiscation of the enemy ahips with their cargo,
followed Bar»ll * fore seeing ail cases of confiscation of neu-
tral ships, and Par, 12, -foreseeing all cases of confiscation
cargos of neutral ships. Corresponding to that and to the "In-
structions" of the Admiralty Council on the order of stopping,
Par. 26 of the appendix to ITaval Prize Rules in
searching and seizing ships and carg03 Par .37 was concentrated
all eases of seizure, or confiscation, of neutral ships, and
also in Par, 3 8 - all cases of seizing or confiscating of car-
gos shipped on neutral ships. -Besides the two sections of the
vtxl ?rise Bules, 9 and 12, and the two paragraphs of the "In-
struction11 37 and 38, corresponding' to them, are amended and
supplemented by several sentences of the Haval xrise Hules in
v rioua places of the text, -md. now in 'cheir turn amended and
Bup Icaented by special orders, contained in the newly given
Imperial tfkae* Besides, the contraband itself is now divided
into absolute and conditional, with establishment of different
reasons for the seizing and confiscation of articles under
either heading. In order to facilitate the tical applica-
tion of these various rules, scattered about aithout Byatai ,
contradicting and niodifying one the other in most impox'tant
questions, the various cases .re grouped under the following
aeral headings: I) 1 cases of confiscation of neutral
i
ships, II) all cases of confiscation of cargos of neutral ships
and III) the chief principles on which are based the seizure
and confiscation of articles of absolute and conditional con-
traband, with note3 undor each point of these throe sections
- 24 -
of Biioh rules of the liaval Prise Kules; of the Rules of Kami
War and of the Imperial TJka:-:, which must "be tafeen for guidance.
I) Her chant ships of neutral nationality are subject to con-
fiscation as prizes in the following ee.<>es;
1} '"hen they are caught in the act of transport ing
military contraband subject to seizurefsec.IIl )f if the &am
exceeds "by volume, or by weight, or by value, or by amount of
freight charges, the half of the whole cargo; provided it is
not proved that the "beginning of hostilities, or that the no-
tification of articles declared contraband ~ to which the car-
go, or a part of the cargo may belong- - was unknown to the
ship; or that the captain, having learned of the beginning of
military operations, or of the contraband declaration, had not
yet load time to remove the contraband from his ship.
Faval Prize Pules, Article 11, par.i, sections a and b,
Rales of liaval War, sections 40 and 43, and bearing on them
sections 50 - 39 «
Hote: A neutral ship, which having carried contraband
to the enemy under cover of false documents, is
subject to seizure and confiscation for the
transport of such contraband if she be met before
the end of her return voyage. Imp ,TIk:az,rar.2,
Rules of Par, 38.
2) When they are caught in the act of violating block-
ade and it may not be xoroved that the establishment of the
blockade was unknown to the ship.
Uaval Prize Roles, Par, 11, p. 2; Jftuies of liaval
ar, Par. £1, 14 - 20.
3) Vhcn they have resisted by force stopping, search
or seizure.
ilaval L:ri::e Hu3.es, xar. 11, p. 3; Pules of liaval
ar, par. 63.
4) en thoy have taken an active part in the enemy's
lailit-' r; rations .
Ilaval Prize Pules, xar ,11, p. 4; hulas of liaval Y.'ar,
Par .46, p.l.
i
{8 ^^^TOm^jj
- £6 -
5 ) Tucn they are ftotoad under the command or control of
on agent, placed on board of the ship "by the enemy government.
BttleS of Laval V'ar, lia .46, p.£.
6; then they are freighted wholly by the enemy govern-
ment. Sales of havnl War, £G&\ 46 , p. 3.
7) WheB they are, at the given moment and exclusively,
occupied cither in trans porting enemy troops, or trans flitting
information in the enemy interests.
Sules of ITaval far, jajj* 46, p»4.
3 1 When they have been caught in a voyage undertaken
especially for the transport of individual passengers, belong-
ing to any army unit of the enemy, or in transmitting informa-
tion in the enemas interests, as well \?hen as they have been
ttght in the act of transporting - with the knowledge of the
ship's owner g or of the person having wholly freighted the
vessel, or of the captain - a detachment of the enemy's troops,
or one, or several persons who, during the voyage, have directly
contributed to the war operations of t'fc* no my, if in such
oases it may not be proved that the beginning of hostilities
was unhnov.Ta to the ship, or that the captain, having learned
of the outbreak of the War, had not yet had time to land such
persons from his ship.
:val .rise Hulas, Pari 11* p« 1, letter _c; Rules of
Baval War, Par. 45,
II) The cargo of neutral merchant ships is subject to confis-
tion rises
1} m it consists in goods subject to confiscation
military contr i, if not proved that the beginning of
hostilities, Or the declaration of contraband including goods
of the hind to Which the whole , or part, of the ship i
"Dolori^s, was unknown to the ship; or he c
learned of the beginning of war operations, or of the Oec'Ura-
tion of contraband, had not ao yet been able to discharge the
- 26 -
contraband goods.
llaval Prize Rules Per* XZt p*l| Ettlee of H&val V:a;j*,
X, 39, 30 - 37,
2) "'hen it beloipge to the corner of !id goods cud le
on board of the same ship.
;:ules of %yp,l War., Per* 4B«
3} lien it is shipped on board of a vessel subject to confis-
cation on ground of p. 2, section I, if not proved that, at
the time of shipping the car^O, the person so shipping it did
not, and could not, &aew of the ship!s intention to violate
the blochade.
aval Prize Kales, Per. 12, p.S; Fules of Kaval War,
r. 21.
4) When it is shipped on board of a vessel subject to confis-
cation on ground of p.p» 3-7, section I, exception being how-
r EQp.de for goods exempted from confiscation on board of
energy ships bv Par. 10 of the llaval Prise Eules, but with the
appropriate application of the ilote to that same section and
of the Par. 53-60 of the Rule 3 of llaval 7;ar, c.nd with the ox-
tension of 'he confiscation to goods belonging to the captain
or to the owner of the ship.
llaval Pr i za Pru.cs, Par. int-p. 2; Rules Par. 46 and 63,
50 - 60.
5) When it is shipoed on a vessel, subject to confiscation on
ground of p. 8 of section I, and consists of goods belonging: to
the ship owner. ules of ^av« ar, £ar« 4.r).
III. rticies forming; contraband, both absolute c.nd condi-
tional, i re .Tecisely enuioerated in rar. 1 of the Uktxx of 1st
September 19X4 (aee P«13 of Uaval Prize Rules, and alee p. 22
and PA of Hales of liav. V.'ar, v.hich were thereby amended}; The
principal reasons lor the seizure and confiscation of objects
of both cate$orie8 of contraband a follows:
1) Goods forming absolute contra'. C subject ; otzuro
- c7 -
and ecnfi3 cation If it be established that their destination
is the enemy territory, or a territory occupied by hj&f or by
his araoG. forces. It is imsaatei til if the forwarding of such
goods be aaa&e oither by disroot t: It, by transshipment, or
in oopsbination wi,th farther conveyance by land.
Rales of haval 'Var, fer, 30 mid 39.
2) ihe destination foreseen in p. 1 is 'considered to be fin-
ally proved in the follow lap saeess l; jfeeu the ctrpo, record -
j to doe-tifients , is destined to "be unloaded in an enemy's
art, or for his i d forces; 2) ^hen the ship must enter only
•n&sgr's ports, or when she mast enter an enemy's port, or meet
his ; ~ ■ . forces before entering a neutral port to which the
bills of lading are wade out .
rules of ITeval "'ar far. 31 and 32 ♦
Z] Articles of conditional oontrabanfi $re subject to seisure
and ©onfiBoation if. it be established, that they are destined
for the araod forces or for the government of the cranny, ex-
cept if in this latter ease, ctrcuListanees prove tiiat in re-
ality the K-iv. ,;ods cannot he used in the enlstinp F/ar; this
IpujLation cannot tv. : plied to goods mentioned in p. 4 of
section S of Pi r. JL of the Ukafl of the 1st Gepteater 1914,*
Rules of Haval ' ar. Par* 33 and 39; UJmz .. .1.
The afclp'B destination, as (anticipated ) contemplated in
:r.T, is presumed to 'ved in Ihe case of the aargo being .
in
addressed to ensBff's officiate, or to a aerehunt residing the
■ ■ '■$ country and of ahoa. it is known that he is the surveyor
to ay of goodi d materials of that hind; also if the
>ds are dire ;,; , or ffcr him, or
to a Merchant, or t o : a., o trcon, in the service of the
y, or for such merchant or such person. (*)
*Uote.- This refers to gold* silver and money.
(*) Even though all IheBe/persons he residing in a neutral
country.
& H Mi
I he same rule, vvill be applied also in the cose of the cargo's
destination being a fortified place of the enemy, or an;/ other
locality serf lag as base for the enemy's armed forces; however
this ^resumption is not appiiable to the merchant ship herself,
proceeding- towards any such locality, in regard to Which the
character of the cargo is ad^ud^cd as contraband.
In the absence of such pre sump ti ons, the ship's destin-
ation v/ill be presumed innocent.
Ihese presumptions allow proofs to the contrary.
Bule3 of llaval far, far. 34; Wm% lar, d,
f> ) Conditional contraband, if its destination as mentioned in
par.3 be proved, is subject to seizure t ad confiscation, with-
out regard to wbat port the ship may be bound and independently
of the poart to ahieh her ea2*gO may be addressed*
Ukaa Bar* 5, hliies ot favai war, rar. 36.
Independently of what is stated above, it is necessary
to pay special attention to bhe important modification of ex-
isting regulations, limiting the right to (<. oy neutral
ships (with their cargo) on an order of haval commanders.
fhis Ldnent makes the distinction that, together with sev-
1 cases contemplated oy far. Si of the Haval Pasise rales,
far. 49 of the fuies of i'aval war permits the destruction of a
seized neutral ship exclusively v/hon her conv' ce to a proper'
port entails danger for the warship executing the seizure, or
for the success of flie operations in v.hi<;h she may be at the
time en d; and instead of the eompenaation for d< 'yoe
property, cslabiished op j ȣ9 of ihe . . tales ;Whioh
is paid only when the vessel is judged to bo entitled to lib-
eration, sections 51-03 of the 3 ilea of naval war [iresftri be
t compensation for losses in ease of the destruction of a
neutral ship {and her car^o ) is due also when the destruction
was not justified by &n urgency foreseen by far .49,
I
- 29 -
the vessel nay have ooQn suujeet to confiscation. Besides, in
conformance with £ar# 54, fcl* same rules are extended to the
destruction of articles taken off such ship, which afterwards
has been allowed to continue her route (eomp. far .44), *
At the same time Par. 51 - 54 of the Pules of Ilaval
;r direct that the captor who has destroyed a neutral ship (with
Cargo, or portions of it) must, "before any examination as to
the lawfulness of the seisure, prove that he has acted so only
la view of exceptional emei-geney, as contemplated b'y Par .49.
^herei'ore, naval chiefs, who have ordered the destruction of
a neutral ship (with cargo or portions of it, must establish
at the time proofs that they have acted so only under force of
emergency (Par. 353 cf Paval Statute); and Prize Courti;, before
examining Questions as to whether the property is subject to
confiscation, or liberation, and as to refusal, or payment to
owners of compensation for looses - tmxefc decide especially as
to whether such destruction was proper, or not, and only af-
ter that will proceed to decide other pending questions.! * )
Appeal on such prior decisions will be allowed only after the
judgement on the case as a whole, toge trier with the appeal on
this judgement, but not apart from it; this results as much a
consequence of the general rules of prise jurisdiction* (In
order to avoid delay In the proceedings, complaints on part de-
cisions, ri/ithcut joining in the appeal, are allowed only in
certain case3 specially mentioned in the Paw), as of motives,
forming the basis of iar.51 of the Pules of Laval I'ar.
* In relation to enemy ships and cargo s the .Par.^1 and 29 of
Regulations on ;;aval Prices remain in force fully.
(*) It must .tionc b the inclusion In *74 cf the
Uaval Pri:x- Rules of rules on the ju. )y the Courts "ox
officio' Independently of vi by pba erected (Par.
37 Paval Prist Pules}, in fiuou lions of confiscation or libera-
tion not only in oases of & i creeping of seized property, but
also of its dcstrnetlon b;/ or dor of a llavol Chief, has its
' ,v*m»^i+*m*rirmmmimmmM'*mra<£>v!mi*^mirvu*mi>Mm tmmmtn j
mi^Mi i wrrnwinrow—ir "i »■ *""»" i •—**
1
- 30 -
s.ln regard to the last nention, it should "be added, that
the real 5ons3 of the rules* $8t&Mtehed by the l»ondou ;onfer-
enee of 1906 - 1909 ana accepted b^ t&g delegates of t!he Po?/-
ers in the form of "Deolamt ion on the right of m.Tt&% war", is
clearly exposed In tfea reports submitted to tha Conference "by
the 2&itiri£ ooiaraittee , ;.hieh mm% therefore be token into con-
sideration by the frlse Courts in all doubtful o:.scs, which may
arise as to oho oicact una or standing of ono or other of these
rules (see e&« of Mija#For.Aff » IglD'i p&gee- 33-103),
(signed) Vice Admiral llnssin,, chief of Kavsl
General Staff, and privy counsellor.
T. Stehlin Kamonsky,. aetlag prosecutor of the
. . -rise Court, legal adviser (Jurisconsult) of the llin. of
the K'avy.
origin in The right of the orew to a t of the prise (apart
uia compem on to owaex , ^ow this rieoenei.1
OB nv ' . e, hy Htf\ J ad
B57 (1914) Ltled to a purt la the
>ra bs .
w
w .«MHrtMHMHrttu>n«
.
VIDTJM
>
NAVY DEPARTMENT
°FMCE of Naval Intelligence
WASHINrGTON
April 27, 1915.
Ifote: The following is an extract from a personal
letter received from the Uaval attache, r'etrograd. dated
February 16, 1915:
"2 fc *es of the ..nasi;: nations to
aval war Rnlca, :;es and Contraband, bey are, I
believe, exactly ' . e as tlie Regulations published
bhe British Government. .o RritisJ aval Attache"
says they are .
I announce to the Fleet and to the Ministry of the TIavy,
for compliance with and execution, the Imperial Ulcaz to the
governing Senate, dated this 8th December, published in the
Collection of laws and legislative Government's Orders (1914,
Ho. 347, Par. 3310), (given to act) instead of the IP. 1-5 of
the Imperial Ukaz, dated September 1st a.c. (Coll. of Laws
and leg.ord. No. 249, x-ar.£352)f re the application of Naval
T/ar rules, established by the London IJaval Conference of 1908-
1909.
At the same time I prescribe to take for guidance in
future the "Explanation" added to my order Ho. 304, of Sep-
tember 9th, and the following complement to the same.
(Signed) General aide-de-camp Grigorovich,
Minister of the Wavy.
Despatched by the Uaval General Staff.
Imoerial Ukaz.
to the Governing Senate,
binding it useful, in Goriuequence of the agret t con-
cluded with the allied governments of Prance and Great Britain,
r;
W
niMMnwMMHaMa* 4
AJIDTJM
NA\T DEPARTMENT
Oefice of Naval Intelligence
^Washington
April 27, 1915.
ftote: ie following is an extract from a personal
letter received fron the Ilaval .Attache, .eetrograa, &at(
February 16, 1915:
"I forward copies oi the R&ssian Regulations to
Haval War Holes, -rises and Contrr 1« They are, 1
believe, es o same as the Regulations published
by the British Government . te Britisl .aval Attache
says they are . "
;'S.V'V^>
,- . / ,
Us
Kira
■H SH
I H tm
■ ■
■ ■
'Wl
—
£•
bKSS
TV
W«v£
ftp ■
I
Office of Naval Intelligence,
April 27, 1915.
Copy
H.H.L.
Imperial Ulcaz
modifying the articles 1-5 of the Imperial Ukaz
on the application of Uaval War Rules, established
by the London Havsl Conference of 1908 - 1909 and
Supplement to the "Explanation" added to the Minis-
ter's of the Navy order No. 304, of September 9,1914.
2 r a ns iat e & b y Mi s s 13 . £ . I omine ,
Revised by Captain N.A.lleCull;
Order to the Fleet and to the Ministry of the ITavy
Ho. 435 of December 19, 1914, ietrograd.
I announce to the Fleet and to the Ministry of the Navy,
for compliance with and execution, the Imperial UTcaz to the
governing Senate, dated this 8th December, published in the
Collection of laws vji& legislative Government's Orders (1914,
ITo . 347, Par. 3310), (given to act) instead of the IP. 1-5 of
the Imperial Ukaz, dated September 1st a.c. (Coll. of Laws
and leg.ord. No. 249, .car. 2352), re the application of Naval
War rules, established by the London Naval Conference of 1908-
1909.
At the same time I prescribe to take for guidance in
future the "Explanation" added to my order ITo . 304, of Sep-
tember 9th, and the following complement to the same.
(Signed) General aide-de-camp Grigorovich,
Minister of the Navy.
Despatched by the Naval General Staff.
Imperial Ukaz.
to the Governing Senate.
"in ding it useful, in consequence of the agreement con-
cluded with the allied governments of France and Great Britain,
J
*
4 i tm
XK^ t
- 2 -
to^ modify and complement the PP. 1-5 of Our Ukaz, given to the
governing Senate on the 1st day of September a. e. (Coll. Laws
P.2352), on the application of rules of Heval Var, established
"by the London Kaval Conference of 1907 « 1909, raid approving the
conclusion of the Council of Ministers on this subject, We Order:
Instead of J-P.l-5 of the above mentioned Bfca-s, to take
for guidance the following:
1.
Absolute contraband will, be considered:
(1) All kinds of arms, including hunting and sporting arms, as
well as ssixfeg separate parts of such.
(2) -unit ion, projectiles and cartridges of every kind and their
single separate parts.
(3) Gunpowder and explosives specially used in war operations.
(4) Sulphuric acid.
(5) Guns stands, caissons, limbers, cars, field black-smith
shops and their single separate parts.
(6) Telemeters and their single separate parts.
(7) All kinds of objects of military equipment and outfit.
{'8 ) Riding, driving and pack-saddle animals good for army use.
(9) Military horses outfit of every .kind.
flO) Objects of camp outfit and their single separate parts.
(11) A r mo r p 1 a t i n& .
(12) Hed iron ore and cast iron, made of such, in blocks, (pigs )
(13) ?yr i te o f iron .
(14) Nickel ore and metal.
(15) Chrome iron and ore.
(16) Copper not worked in articles. (Unwrought copper)
(17) Lead in blocks, 3heets and pipes.
(18 ) Alumintnm.
(19) Ferrosilicates.
(20) Barbed wire and the tools serving for its fa stoning and
cut t ing .
im
ai
- o -
(21) '"arships and "boats and their single separate parts util-
izable only for a warship.
(22) Aeroplanes, aerostates, air-balloons and all kinds of ap-
paratuses for aerostation, their single separate parts, and ac-
cessories, objects and materials, evidently destined for aero-
station.
(23) Automobiles of every kind and their single separate parts.
(24) Automobile tires; Indian rubber (crude rubber)
(25) Mineral oils, benzine and other 'kinds of liquid fuel for
motors of internal combustion, (lubricating oils exclusive ). (ex-
cluding lubricating oils).
(26) Instruments and tools destined exclusively for the fabri-
cation of battle munitions, arms making and repairing, for the
preparation of objects of military equipment (naval as well as
land ) .
As oqai.itioiial contraband is considered:
(1) Victuals.
(2) i'orage and food for animals.
(3) Clothing and elothing material, as tvoII as footgear proper
for army use.
(4; Cold and silver In coin and bullion, paper money.
(5) Carts of any kind (automobiles excepted) proper for array
use and their single separate parts.
(6) Ships and boats of any kind, floating docks, parts of docks
as well as single separate parts of such.
(7) Railway material, immovable and movable, materials for tel-
egraphs, radiotelegraphs and telephones.
(8) Fuel, with exclusion of mineral oils, benzine and other
liquid fuel for motors of internal combustion; lubricating mat-
erial.
(9) Gunpowder and explosives used not exclusively for military
purposes.
(10) Sulphur.
(11 ) Glycerine.
(12) Horse-shoes and blacksmith mater ial •
(13; Articles of saddling and driving horses outfit.
(14) Hides and leather of all hinds, dry or wet. pig skins raw
or prepared, leather raw or prepared proper for making saddles
and driving outfit or military hoots.
(15} Binoculars, f ieldglasses, chronometers and various navi-
gational instruments .
A neutral ship, the documents of which show a neutral
destination, hut which, conti'arily to the destination shewn by
her papers, takes direction to an enemy1 s port, will be subject
to seizure and confiscation, if she be encountered before the
end of her next following cruise
c.
#
Che ttestination of a ship, foreseen by far. 33 of the
"Rules of llaval V.'ar" , established by the London Laval Conference,
is presumed to the proved - except the cases mentioned in Par.
34 of the ,T?oiIes" - even when the cargo is addressed to an agent
of an enemy State, or for him.
4.
In modification of far. 35 of the "Rules of Naval War",
established by the London li'aval Conference , objects of condi-
tional contraband are subject to seizure on board of a ship,
bound to a neutral port, if the respective poods are sent "to
order", or if the ship documents do nox design the consignee of
the goods, or if they design e consignee located on the enemy's
territory, or on a territory occupied by the enemy.
In cases mentioned in the present rar., the obligation
to prove that the destination of the respective goods was not a
prohibited one, lies with their owner.
5.
If the Ri n Government dna the convict ion that the
Government enemy obtains supplies for its armed forces from any
\
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neutral country, or through the same, the Minister of the llavy,
on an agreement with the Minister of Foreign Affairs, is entit-
led to take such aseasiayes as say he aeeessary in order that the
Par, 55 not be applied to ships hound to any port of such neutral
country. Such \iieasrros mutst be published in the "Collection of
laws find legislative dispositions of the Government" and will
regain in force until revocation. During the action of such dis-
position a ship, transporting' conditional contraband to a port
of the respective designed country, will not be free of seizure.
The governing Senate will do the necessary for a proper
execution of the above.
The original bears the signature in Imperial Maj-
esty's own handwriting,
£ "ITICHLAS"
In Eiazan 8 December 1914.
Countersigned: sereiary of state Goremykin,
President of the Ministers Council..
To order So. 435 to fleet and
llavy department of 19 December
1914.
Complement vo tnei "Explanation" jjojlneei
to The Hinister 's of l~he ITavy order Ho .
504 of the 9th September 1914 .
(Changes apply to original order only)
1) General references in tho preface >art of the "Explana-
tion" to the Imperial Ukaz dated 1st September a.c, are comple-
mented by references on the Imperial Ukaz dated Oth December
current.
2) Note to p.l of section 1 to be modified as follows;
"A ship of neutral nationality (the words underlined
indicate only change from wording of section 2.) tho (board)
documents of which show a neutral dest ion, "but which, contrar-
ily to the destination shown by her papers, takes direction
towards an enemy' 3 port, will be subject to seizure and confis-
.M -*
• - 6 -
cation, if encountered before the end of her next follovTing
cruise."
Imp. Uk. 8 Dec. P.S; oomp. ?lu!.,- Par. 38.
3) At the "beginning and in p*3 of Section III, instead of
the wordsi "1st September" to rend "8th December,"
4) In p. 4 Oj' Section III the vrords:"or to a merchant, or
to another ^emon doing service for officials of the State enemy,
or for m.eh merchant or such person,1' are excluded*
5) P. 5 same Section III to be modified as follows:
"Conditional contraband is subject to seizure and con-
fiscation, besides cases when the seizure is admissible in vir-
tue of Par. 35 of Rules, established by tne .'loadon Naval Oonfer-
enee of 1908 - 19Q9, also in eases when such contraband is on
board :rZ tip bbtmcl netitral port, if respective goods
are sent to order1', or if the ships documents do not design the
consignee j(J the goods, or if design a con ice located on
the enemy's t err it ory, >r jii a territory decupied by the enemy".
'Mn eases mentioned in the present Par.., one obligation
to prove that f. a [.nation of Hie respective goods v;as not a
prohibited one, lies Yalta their oaaors."
Imperial Ulcaa 8 Joe ember Par. 4; eomp. aai. Par. 35.
Sipped) Vice-Admiral hussha,
Chief cf the Chief Havel Staff.-
Privy Qouncelior 2. ntellia-Xamenh p ,
acting Prosecutor of the High Prise
Court, Jurisconsult of the ministry of the
Navy,
#
/
Bk
[Sec Paragraph 4, Inst ructions of October 31, I9(i
Uteed not be returned.
SUBJECT
»MLISH_SaTRfURIN7;S IN THE tfOPTJ? SFA.
Z
From Mo.
j/7/z- April 93, 1915 •
<=^/^77^ Z)ate
Replying to 0. JV. I. JVo Date-
The following is the official report
regarding the destruction of an J?nri; ■■ 'ine boat In the
i#i
, jpj
North Sea.
« Berlin, April 99« ( WDLFF TEL^Bl AU)
Lately English ~!"1"' 'lnes have he
sighted repeatedly in the (*erman Bay Of the North Sea
and have he en attacked by our naval forees. An Enemy
submarine boat --ran sunk on the 17th of April. The
destruction of additional submarines in very probable*
but cannot be ascertained with certainty*
The Acting Chief of the Admiralty
Staff
( Sir). Behncke*.
Need not be returned.
j3 191b *3
WSBKLY POLITICAL SIMMAP.Y. M^^(
Up 1
I— ^d/
Gloomy Bastor — The Victory of Sunshine — Safeguarding^
national Existence -- The Centennary of Bismarck's 3irth -- The
Emperor's Answer — The Submarine Warfare — The Outlook.
PAUL XtCKAELIS.
Gloomy weeks preceded this Easter celebration. The sun of
springtime struggled hard with the unwillingly yielding winter.
Here and there only did it succeed in enticing the first colored
tokens out of the ground. For the greater j.,art Bature yet lies
in the embrace and coils of a sunless period. The secret powers
of Kature have, however, begun to weave and work. Through all
these sad experiences the firm conviction is present that a re-
surrection will follow the death of winter and the sun will ulti-
mately conquer. Prom the present, which scarcely shows Spring's
secrets, let us turn our glance to a more beautiful time which
must come, because Uature in spite of all its apparent hesitation
always remains true.
In the life of the individual as well as in nations, the will
of Kature is reflected in a thousand forms and colors. He who
surveys the periods of time and does not permit his view to be
obscured by relapses and irregularities will see now in all
this baseness a slow resurrection and progress, which gives a
firm conviction in the victory of light and reason- Sever has
our trust in the progress of civilization been made more difficult
than during the present time. There has never been stronger proof
demanded of the Germans than during the course of the last year.
V-e only see today how unusually hard it is for us to uphold our-
selves and to maintain our national unity and freedom. V.e easily
dreamed of the victory over our enemies. One thought we could
already reap when the first preparations for trie ultimate success
should be made. Meanwhile we have learned to be discreet and it
has become evident that even with the greatest devotions and will-
ingness of self-sacrifice it is hard to overcome the opposition of
an inimical world. The expectation that over night would show the
world to be pro-German has long 3inoe vanished. We must now be
convinced that, if not willingly, then due to the cold facts, this
war is not one for the accomplishment of a fanciful world's pol-
itics, but one for the protection of our hearth and home.
hat peace, which must some time come, will bring we cannot
today know. It would be idle to wish to define the details which
it should bring. hat we must strive for is that it should ensure
the safety of our national existence for the longest possible
time. In what manner the German future has expressed itself, the
the further course of the battles on land and sea will provide the
answer. An assured answer w« cannot -ive today. In this con-
nection we can have full confidence to day that a people who have
fought so bravely, that joyfully sacrifice all for a great cause
in order to subjugate the enemy, have shown their power. May the
present which is still in the grasp of winter, show the German
people that they can listen to this Easter message with comx^lete
trust.
It was one of those humors of fate, in which v-e willingly
seek a deeper meaning, that ihe hundredth anniversary of Bismarck's
birth should fall at this time in Easter week. The present tirie,
one can almost say, is not suited to a happy anniversary; the
previous decade afforded us only too great a number. The great-
est individual act and life is modestly overshadowed by the aston-
ishing and wonderful performances of a people in arms. ith Otto
v. Bismarck it was somewhat different . Is name sweeps over the
present and his deeds, a hundred years after he was born, stand
the test of tine. It is not ai if the present l ere the time to
judge the personality of this great statesman of Xaisor Vilhelm
the First by all his acts. The master is not known who could ex-
V.
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V£Q8
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press or comprehend the methods of Bismarck in all their extent.
Whether we see the giant Bismarck as pictured in Lederer's statue
in Hamburg or find him in the memoirs of diplomats, whether we
seek in Bismarck the characteristics of a Prussian nobleman or
admire him as the one who forged the unity of the Empire, we
will always have the feeling that in these and all other expres-
sions v/e observe only a part of the Bismarckian nature. He who
lived in the last decade of Bismarck's activity and has not for-
gotten how markedly Prince Bismarck at eighty years of age influ-
enced the develox-ment of the German people can appreciate that he
came in contact with only a portion of the general characteristics
of 3ismarck. Firstly, there is yet a greater contrast to be recog-
nized in the work and methods of Bismarck- In one instance is it
now wholly comprehended, and that is in his immeasureable service
in uniting the German race. It is a matter of course that today
this service i3 foremost- The firm will is expressed at this Bis-
marck festival, as far as one sees, to faithfully guard this in-
heritance- The expectation was expressed by the Kaieer in his
reply to the account of the Chancellor concerning the celebration
in Berlin held at the Binriarck monument, that this spirit of con-
cord would outlast war's alarms and after a happily concluded
peace the development of the internal part of the 3m£jire would
blessedly fructify. As the price of victory, the iCaiser promises
a national life by which the German nation can develop free and
strong.
We are not yet so far. As it was an arduous task to unify
the German race, so today is it laborious to complete the work
begun by Bismarck. That a war where countless human lives are
risked can not always be brought to a close unfortunately can not
be changed. We do not complain, hut we expect that our enemies do
not claim indulgence when they themselves have scoffed at all laws
of civilization. The submarine warfare is deplorable* Had it
been according to the German conception, then one would have ex-
cluded neutral commerce and one would have nothing against pro-
viding the English civilian population with food. It is beyond
understanding how in England and several neutral countries they
seek to reproach us, for idly witnessing the starvation of sixty-
eight millions of human beings. On the fourth of last November,
England cut the German people off from every communication over
the sea. Three months later, Germany decided to cut England off
from the sea. If England permits merchantmen to wage war on sub-
marines, then we do not deplore the fact that human lives are
endangered. We all know that wi must conquer in this fight for
freedom and existence and we are of the firm conviction that a
glorious summer \ ill follow this winter of discontent.
i
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Translation*
Berliner r.eitunp ai i :."itta"-* April 14, 1915#
PROVISIONS for ENQLAHD L^(TATLY SUNK.
Hamburg* April <*4f 1915*
The Prise Court hare* has ren-l^refi a vary
inters ^tinp decision* A Qeraan suhnarine had sunk the
Dutch steatier • JIARIA* with a carpo of provisions en route
to Belfast and Dublin* The shippinr fim broupht suit
arainst the Empire. Tho §IU#i it was asserted, wa» a
neutrals ship* the carro was not contraband* consequently
the sinking of the ship was illegal and the German
vermient oblired to rfinr\&r dana^es. The Prise Court
decided in the sense of the declaration of the Tartan
goverment*, as in the case of the American ship »WILLIAM
?• TtitTB* sunk b* till auxiliary cruiser "PRINE EITEL
FRIEDRICH11 which was en route to Queans town with wheat*
and also toibt her ports whic are serving the English fleet
as bases. / * Belfast and Dublin11 * the Prise Court
says* are also fleet bases* consequently provisions
are contraband ° The plaintiffs brought a certificate
that the car^-o of the »J-.!AHIA* was intended for a Hill and
that this uill is furnishing flour to private people.
This also the Prise Court did not recop-niss as a reason
for acquittal. The Dutch plaintiffs lodrecl an appeal*
jxeeu rtvi oe revu/rnra.
|See Paragraph 4, Instructions of October 31, I !»<(<>.]
SUBJECT INTERNATIONAL LAW - CONTRABAND OP WAR.
Z
305
JVo Date
From.
Replying to 0. JV. I. JVo..- Date
April 34, 1915.
Reference Z-341 of September 33, 1914.
H
The German Foreifm Office has sent to the U.S.
Government through the Bnbassy under date of April 33, 1915,
a new list of contraband of war in 7/hich certain important
changes occur.
This new list is published in*Reichsp-esetr,blatt0
( Government Law Sheet) No, 49 and the introductory rea iarr-s
are as follows :-
11 In retaliation of the rules instituted
by England and her allies which deviate from the
London Declaration rerardinp: the International I.
at Sea Of the 36th of February 1909, I approve,
for the present war the following changes in the
Prise Rules of the 30th of September 192)« (1909)
with the amendments of October 18th, November 33d
and December 14, 1914. ■
classes of contraband
Then follows a list of articles in the
Contraband
Conditional Contraband
Non Contraband,
In this connection I forward a translation
of the decision of the Prize court in Hamburg in regard to the
sinking of the Dutch steamer tt If A R I A w , laden with rr#in
for Dublin and Belfast.
A complete translation of the changes
in the Prize Rules follows in the next mail.
i. n ,,,,,- ,n,, „ JSj&ed not be returned. tf
|Sec l'iir»Kiii|ili 4, I nsl rucl ions or Octoher :tl, nn>07]
T
SUBJECT . GhinaVs revolutionists and part --played---Oy--4apaii..----
From,. K ..._..^Vb 5 Date... ^P^^^^^^vM^^—-—, 191
Replying to 0. jV. I. Mo Date '.ZZZ-LjS^./ A.- 191
La_£a__^^ — 1
It has been reported that the Chinese rebels in Japan in
the name ©f the "Political Ref©r» Party ©f the Republic ©f
China" through the introduction of Kaiehir© Yashigawa, a native
•f the District of Fukueka, has obtained a loan ©f 3, 000, 000
^en fr©» a wealthy merchant. It vaa decided that the revolut*
i©n shall be c@mpleted within two months, that the first instal
raent ©f 1,000,000 yen should bo paid in cash and that the ba-
ilee should be nade in the form of ammunitions to be supplied
t© the rebels at various places where the revolution is to
&"cax*b •
The agreement betv/een the tw© parties was drawn np in
the beginning of April and was signed by Sun i,en, head of
revolutionists, Htl Yi-©ti iW~&'Z\t representative and son
•f Baal ■!ine(^^ • Chen C*11-1201 (/^$&). ?ai Tien-ohou
(ftf^M, Chu Cheng i & J&-) , Wong Tung (X *£/ ) , Li
yuan ( £ tUffi ) 9 Hu han-ning C^/jf/t/) , Lain 9-Wtt {&£&&},
P© uen-woi (J&£-ffi)9 Hsu Chu*g-©hifl {t^W*!? ), FxU Ying (0&) ,
and Tan Jo.a-i'onj C^mSh , v/h© had just urrivod at Toky© fr©«
the Strait! 3©ttl« its, r(;; ontain,;. Tsen Chun-hsuanl^^S ) ,
Li Lieh-chun lfgL4ti )t Uiid Chon chi unL;-«ing [fy*® ty).
[!Sec rnragraph 4, Inst ru<( ions of October 31, 1900.
S U BJ KCT ^hina ' « r evolutionists -and -part -flayed fey ^Japan*
^'^---K -M?: 5 i)^e---^ll- E&tri. -I-&15 . , i£i
Replying to O. JV. I. No '_ Date __„., 191
There were ever twenty signatures and seals. I* was agreed
that the lean was to he redeemed on the firyt opportunity
after the revolution becomes a SUOOOSS. A payment ef 700,000
yon was made in cash en t /oh instant and was taken over
by Tan Jen-zeng, Ku Han-iaing, Hailing Ke-wu, and Li Zeng-yuan .
In the Mil of the Political Reform party" Tan-Jon-fong was
appointed Groat Tutuh or Gencralissaa© of Szeehuan, Yunnan,
and Kweiohow with Li Kong-- yuan as latent « They are now
on their way to their respective destinations each with over
a hundred followers, Chen Chiung-ming is t© reside at Hong-
kong an d from there to render assistance to the rebels,
April 21, 1915,
During the autumn of 1914, four .7 ese accompanied by
u Chinese arrived at urga and stayed in the Tung Ta {& uL \
lodging house in the Liu Ta© Street (^tg^f). They have now
removed to a Russian lodging house in Ma ,hih (J? ) or
rse Basal r ter. They disguised themselves as Koreans
m retended to bo selling ruedicino and ouri jss.
ill., man;y xrinoeo and varans of Cutor Mongolia ©all.
I
'.
|See Paragraph 4, Instructions of October :il, I'.tOO.J
S UBJ EOT Chi aa ' * xevolnticrLi-S-ts - .and. .the - aprt played by
—Japan-*
From £ JVo £ Date— Agytl -&6*lu-~191&» , ^
ifli'i.i«mrm»lWinHtwWia»WIW
Replying to 0. .N\ I. .No.— ___ Date ____., I#i
•ailed on them Tor medical attendance and treatment. It is
now secretly ascertained that several Japanese had arrived
at Urga many days ago. They promised to help Outer Mongolia
to declare her independence and to supply the accessary sup-
plies and funds. The minds ©f many of the princes and lamas
are influenced ("by this tempting offer) .
\
V
V
isee itmt 4, ««*- AtifAmt.fi0 returned.
i
£Z7i3JJ£CT-j?ari-a£--ifeke--e*jtTe^8^^
January 18th, 1915, between the Japanese Minister Dr. Eioki
and XJ»esi dent Yuan Bhih Kai , u hem the Fe riser" Trl e 67 % ; c i"Tn-
„ fluonced wi£h the Following uords. 7ri7
Replying to 0. JV. I. No I)a^___Cg2^^A^ ,"?\ — , 191
Furthermore, the Chinese revolutionists are in close touch
and intimate relations with numerous irresponsible Japanese
some of who* have groat influence and who 00 policy is for
stron; Measures, Our Government has not been influenced by
this policy, but if .your Gove .it dees not quickly ree
to these sti ions, it will bo impossible to prevent some
of our Irresponsible people from ineitj the Chinese revolu-
tionists to create trouble in China.
The majority of the Japanese people are opposed to ± resi-
dent Yuan* and x resident Yuanfs Government. They all declare
that the ^resident entertains antl-J .ese leolin, opts
the policy of "befriending the Far (Europe and America) and
..aizing the Hoar ( >, tt).w Japanese public opinion is.
therefore exceedingly hostile.
Our -riuient has all along from first to last exerted
its best efforts to heJLp the Chinese Government , aft if t
Chinese Cover t will sx^eodily i to these stipulations it
will jiavo thus nasi f os tod its friendship far Japan,
ae Japanese people wlii I then bo able to i t the
resident never entortainod anti-c feeling! nor adoptod
<
|Sce Paragraph 4, Instructions of October 31, 1000.]
S UBJECT Part -©f t Ji©- -Canversati «n During the Interview an
January 18th, 1915, between the Japanese Minister Dr. Li oki
and- -r-re-stdent- ¥uan- SMh - Kai, ---'vrlioa- tfre r'oritrer -^ried- t© In- -
fluenee with the JPellowin irds.
^w< ^ ■--€-- - Date- -April- SGtfcv 3.915/ -> ^
Replying to 0. N. I. JVo Daft? „., 191
the policy of "befriending the Par and antagonizing the Hear".
>,ill not this then 1 d be a bona Xide pr©©f of our friendly
relatione0:
The Japanese Government also will then be inclined to
render assistance to President Yuan* a Government whenever it
is necessary.
V, ^W '
A ■ ft ^
I (I / I V fy
Soport fe&a tt.3«3,30i __ , +-^ ,*.*>**„*.*, *>d
Sta o- SU***...,- u SM»& jrced not 6e re«wm«*.
(>/ £oo 3&3&iah Qard&nall aa lutfi&ggartori n moved to
Saa&sigrrBbQve 6*33 iaelit
(b} Sbfl l-ritiah .juu-xrina "IHLB'V'rtdoh ma wrookod in the
i&rdonellen»ia lying in very ©hallo*? watar,and part of It
ia iri plfjhtfaooos*ding k at ••its of aowsl Jtsrtea,*!
ggy *;v,vT --.rrs gggg f^ fchemeelVeS.
2.
(a} desbi fiffeaoa SMlaa aolloravsfeo ware fowwrly on ttha
tft&l&tt vtntionnntro "/?;'H_F . ■ hero, but Jfe© re rained
&tfeK>fe*d to the Itslir.n Jmbassy \ih®n the "ARCHS want
to MfttofAsmsilfttiast &1393»*v* vaja&iRji orders tt la&vo
hare, via tils* Stag baitie told ncyo ei &s£ KM thoy tra
"gelag batfc to Italy to rot 'Iriaate"rtmt the? EBay fee eJm&ly
rot'ornir:?? aboard the- »A1
(d) Sfeffi ItSX tan cr-13or«'#mentiored above, left Soffa&aa hero (fee
afternoon of A|*|l 24* In tail form, on board! the Ttolinn e term-
er "AlEa£2ft%Wai{at for Spa aula* -Che ".'. I I ?*t»t;^s hold at
J&v-fcvoTer right ,bys. '.the $ttr$leh mthcri%lm9^» entrance to
B©e3PhornsttH*t yastor^r.-r ncmi: HI £5*rai« told St oonid
proved r^sln* it ma Jnst geftttnaj under**? v-tien the Russian
fj tet • scred pit Use ontmnoe and began a bombortk:ont» The
w/t&LlA* elljj id !«r xr.-'iorn send returned (Sown the BoBjf.horus
. r-L-2o * and iw nowt (;'r»rll .^6), still here, moored
aoir the ' %
(0) The !t&i»i) B*Ucreton IN ',^"AT4:'^otets tVat the bor-b&rd-
&*&$ Seated one-half hot3rffrom 9#(K a.m., the Buasian fleet
Mag about si:-: mile* out, and that ts* ?ur*ciah gunboats tajft
sunfc,fff».d mwt of the, Mian inn ah oil a rrjachetl aa x'ar aa Bujm^o-
i0M» B * -<>inr> cf!'the gwafepfttg in not maiticnad in the
Turldeh of1 i'Hal oomnwiiqne^a.nd is -not confirmed* The bemhard-
IMRl fsd ?sifii:ily ©n board xiJie r ti*t SfepfcasM*
(f) %'4^» three Turkish tornodo boats una paH»o3UlQg aorose the
Stfimbefll ontnukM of Ifei BoqpHorot aafi Sol « Tfern^betwo-'n
dtfh^ite point md ;icntarl.
(r^ *>«ri?ir the nir^t of April £4--25»betwxvU ib*tr lianurod 9141 fftVt
hwidred ifmmiMRn wore Ktreetod in dlCC"o»Wttt i»art#i of Joist?int-
i»opl6fsone of thorn of pit?ninenoo« Sttlth«r Hm Nft^ttfOllOftA
roooonvnor any theoryfhfte yet been K 4 to «hy#
0i) I have been ir.for--:ud.,V- ■ PorScltft nmA of ioor»tVat IN l^tl-
ln$ netwaon the 5tartKiohfoiid suofBof&l o/j iaeret}.rovici?s7 7
P«portad«ifl groV&o^ &• Turlcion ofiTloof ,.-.3i,;'e haif-j«.yttho
Atrvtah rojo thirty (4X». i,«hilo Q it,
hero,reo«,ive double por* ilio Rlxitor iti ovorfthoro in awi inore
of *8artf«ad mi tor , oof olaaMMU ^hia olfiaor said
rurlcn conld not poasibir atand Aaothai »t<jr of vor9iHd t*v t
Moomothi«fir ngwt J»j oa eoon"# He also said, majority oi' ?iir:cs
hoi>od cjvflieh 00U14 -it in oooaft3mt « »-»»'- "»ore ss>loo eve
Wh^ro,and no ouc darea ttlkfOO I I trto.irlr&te of ^nvei*
ghayfoioet lojTfi fuid fi^oaal ta/tVtro aoaol*to«ia jonbi^iticn
with the Ger -ana,bnt thoy are axpootod to fallf aooner or later,
"md most people hoped so oner 5 1* ,r ! jnotioo nw »
1
Office of liaval Intelligence,
April £6, 1916,
'
7V
Compilation J.n.K.
Copy 1I.H.L.
W
■W J' ■ IMHWii ..WOW Mil ■! > P
. ;i, .. - '.. . HI) (■;. .i. ;:'o.300£,)
■ I « II II II II I ■ III I I II '■'!■ ■!«!-
ut quadrupled since cutbre&r "'ars^^c^
est I ( successfully tried and officially adopted)
not bein -ill exclusively, orrior service type utilised bo-
esuse of superior raejaufacturing facilities and greater . iliar-
ity of service vita this type.
9 expcrii .1 work being carried on. 1X1 such facil-
ities now ctare net? material and training
of personnel.
1G, 3 torpedo ntions received - about Zo of the.
romise, e idea of olectricnl balance to gaid* or de-
flect torpedo toward I&Tg© mass of steel of little or no value.
- E D (O.M.I. Ho. 409*; )
— W»«i.Min.— ■*» ■ I ■■ mwmi.i i ■ ■■«—■«■■■— mwii.*- P«i-n> m — mm—i ■.»»—,.,.■ m- i». -*— .,<—«*» —
oyal Sovereign class and after have single noto.
Iron Duke and hueen Elisabeth classes not provided and
no attempt bei:., dc to supply nets for the;..
rperiraeats being conducted with double nets. m*
.fitted to ships so far as known.
aUBKARII-i^a - . D (O.H.I. Ko.5028)
hen completed, *&* class will comprise 65 boats. u-
merged displacement reported to be 1, tons.
SgBllaEIBB KBgS - Kifohi&I) (,.:.!. Bo. 5u£8 } L^
i .1. ii mi II ' hi li i I m i in i»»ili ^r
U-8 and U-12 were caught in special wire nets off Dover ,
forced to come up - then r&nused. . Attempting to block straits
;ieae acta leaving only , very narrow channel. .Het is 18
stranded 10 mm. wire, 12 ft. mesh, -read between two. trawlers,
lo iatanoe apart. I'op of net supported by kapok floats.
en o train is felt, net Is released. Submarine becomes (
gled sad must come up, Destroyers are then called by radio from
wlers. If submarine attempt escape, can ollowed by buoys
attached to net.
J - SBGIAKD (0,:;.I. Ho. 5089)
■■Wi»'WiWiW»iW|i.miaii'nii W'Wi.'Wi' WH>Mliw»i inwiMiW»-WHiti»W »-> «.*mi»ni.i
Each new destroyer being fitted with sharp steel ran.
Old destroyers bein tted as fast as can be spared ft atrol.
- (j.h.l. - 4755)
it iwi i ^a#n ill inw 1 1 ■» wixw^wmh iwi ii n i iii'"i iii'W wiwuw^—
By -Mjutive - Gneisem
.iractlcally nothing of fc. Too busy with
lis. rised and shocked when t lion ran out.
Pull ly not aboard iiuo to uditure at Coronel t.
Gncisenau therefore xm.6 ire lon& time without bein& able to
reply before she sank.
ote: Sobm method of eoxuitinc shells and re di-
es to Oocimnndi icor shou e ad i Ion
es January 84th - \t l/£ hrs.of firing) conservation i be
<:;ed and comma fieer and ^o-jnander-in-chief
constantly advised of amount i iltion on hand.
■ ■
■
\ Kit
>eo
3^* ,.
i,o&iBtlcs, II (Continued) ^$][r
By Boatswain's Hate - Leipzig. * A ?
[»0lp£j king SI knots, Slowest in C?c-r:-:^an Fleets
Action with Glasgow b< between $ and I -: . Bit by lasgow's
6" before . 's-4'Jl were in range. :st ammunition expended
£>:£ •: .&♦ .-rod bf '.l.-.sgow to haul down flag* ted 3
tisnes". Olasgow end Kent continued intermittently
until 7:15 - . Leipsig sank 9 p.ia.. to BSO out of crew of
321 dead. a^ority remainder wounded, between 10 and 15 finally
resetted* iiot hit below water line. filers and engines intact,
until she &-. •■ . loodoc* sines and engine rooms lo sink her.
Fires 1 : out fore and aft at beginnin ■ . iro aain broken.
.Lioleuw and paint burned* une funnel shot down, umelg
collapsed due* to heat of i'ireo on deck* .dlarly nasts collapsed
Conning towor hit by 6" shell which exploded, o harm to tower.
Gun shields effectively sMol&od crew.
LIQfi - (0*1 .1. SO, 4755)
Hit twice below ariaor bolt. One of t&tse hits in wake
of engine room, causing her to fall out of formtiou. rather
Baa , no rolling to expose armor shelf # oesibility aeraians
used a a of tor/edo shell, one shell struck outside arnor
plate. .red piate. Did not drop off.
M I - (0. . : . 0. 4755}
Armor not pierced at long ranges. en resistance prac-
tically se&ssd said Brit ish closed in to short rang©, arnor
■orcod several times. Up to end, neither engine disabled .
rly in action, shell penetrated decks, exploded, placed 4
boilers out of eom&iesibn. .aeis on beat inside ship due
exploding shell.
) - {O.IJ'.X. * 5149)
WtMM.dri.^W*.!
At least one modern ship had tea a defen .uns on
In deck removed and gun porta plated over. Guns useless in
-•rth $ea . r* aoae of these guns now recounted in open in
r position* • rate left off entirely.
a - - (}.:.!. ~ 3749)
gMWW WWWM UMllHHi!
At least one ©ecapany (au& probably others) sen fulfill
contracts for building submarines complete in nine aontfx .
^ ;..:3; .iU.v.Ai:;. - (u.i:.l. 3o. 3749)
-16 f 17 arid 18 cruising 'radius - UoCu miles. or
types to hewn DO miles crushing radius.
11 si .-ines carry regular provisions for 3 weeks and
special food for z weeks nere«
kaageat trip fup to February 2n&) was 21 days.
. ;•: . .., - (0. .J.. - 4654)
•mm — 1i ■■ II 1 »!■■■■' ' ■»» — » uii' 11 ■■ ■ ■ H » — ■ m m^nni ■■ m.mw^f iWnWiii^ ■ mwi' 11. I i 'iifcWI
arise toted #ray. itie 1 •; on to
ocopes sue] rtlflelal sea gulls, ste«
- (0.11. . . 0, 4654)
«^»WI'l»llll — II ». IHW.ll>! ■^I.»l— 1 I.^IIIP »»■— ■.■MW — W— ».llll !■ WW ■»■■■»»—»*-
Uotes s SSSBiSniimi officer of inc.
Hew ..■thloBB at first. ually slept first threo
s out. Gradually ove and may b© of aoiae service on second
tri . strict cilenoe ttalaed when sul &• All hands not
■ I ■ ■
i1
* ■■
* . ***}>»
wpfflBtica II (Continued) fAf
on watch rmat Sleep if possible ~ use less oxygen when aleey.-ing*
aen sea a ess. ^
an lying near bottom, the sssell is very e»eemfort&ble -
rd to rest the mn*
oout 151 feet.
.o.vjeat cruise £1 days.
37 to hit vessel on strain );t course, ely diffi-
cult : speed tixxcx course a 1 e*
ad fa nrtly fired at veseelfl when the oi'fieer on I it
bridge could be "plainly _ ■• isoope,
IKW £?-. i . § < - (0* ;:.!. Ho, 5184)
In ten ronths will ec >sion !>er 2 or 4 vessels of
following characteristic. . .0. laid down not knotm ) .
Length - about 8:JO feet.
:;c. teixt - if f 000 tone,
.srso -r - shout lE0t0OO«
ed - ft knot is*
aient - lain - 4 - 15" guns.
• c-eoudary: ....r.hably G** guns - ,-. 1 1$
o\m. All moxuilocl on center line.
Armor - Kono of any Jcind either vertical or isoirtal.
Fuel - probably oil.
D I'iGbJR, • { . »1« ' o • 491U )
.ree shells caused m&t serious injuries to .uion,
(a) . one t rated engine room below armor.
fb I anloded In or near forward t do rooi:i, caused flood-
ing several eor.K&rtrsentB - ship then drew 40 feet forward. ot
certain If this flhell 0 clown through docks or ough aroior.
(q) Struck lower corner of relate in wake of engine re 01 .
'Did nor pierce - - odcd outside, late did not break 1 at
.- ter (" B struck; d; ! n into ship - Upper i&rt 01 I te
lorn lease i'roi;: bolts, oier comer driven through wood back-
ing, the structure I id air. or, the lower edge of sloping pro-
tective Bee -nally broke feed water tank in or .just out-
board of engine roe-
liger suffered mom general, but lose serious ■
than ^ion*
.jrth vessels aide . r pierced fey long range firing.
te plate den j..i creed . . projectile of a e&ilbre
(J :tl 0,J f:. .luo. according to 1 lei should
not nave ui creed plate* -ally found thi
VC17 peer one.
3 coth . reed.
(Hotel- *his Information (in • .. »I»«4#10) later end 1 ora e-
liab an in 0. .1.-4755 quoted above.
■
r
-*- €" tM •
Jfcotlcs II. 7*7 , ^
- -i 4 /
L'lOaS { - -a roll 1-E.1915 (0.1: .1 .XIo .4610 )
Austrian .ita t eaent >
L'vAt 35:OC) a.u., 3 destroyers co o< red
&tiv&rlt landed detachment and set flam to warehouse on rf«.
' "oodon docfe destroyed, laeht ; LJ»M us out and sunk, ^ired
on ~$y 5 batteries for one hour. Hot hit. forpedo boats us-
iaac i.ui3 to cover landing party, tm . o lipaters sunk.
fcy not bo;. L d. . rtroyers lay off and did not fire. Gas-
oline 3 on 6a o; \% destroyed for fear ol ii g to neutral
afaipping, atenegrlii stories ©i bonfeeurAment false."
s - (j.:?.!. so. sice).
.-oyers and auxiliaries cruise in groups \
trade routes. if ire i-ud rsramiag to destroy submarines
.1. a inks to pro -err;... ,f;ce th
d explodes. Course of submarine is followed or ostd: ,1,
ie is dropped over subi-iailne a I eforc mine exploded the de-
royer i >e clear of its (nine's) effective circle. Designed
to gain & few noiaoats in i b to .-destroy a submarine that is
bmerj i . be too deep for raia-aL. ..en spot
is *pj reached.
■
:/L U-29 - (O.i ... : 0.4654}
i. nm .in .in i ii ii n i i ■■>!. ■ tin > in i i -i hi -r ■ • rr ■— '■■,-■ r ■ ffrrnr ' ' it"
Lgllah Grand Fleet S . two parallel eoXraane East
Coast Scotland. *£U gel '>etween columns and fired two torpe-
does at Iron Duke (Fleet :lap). Beta uissed. pparently neg-
lecting second e©£amf U-29 shewed periscope, probably tryir
to eoe result of shots. .eadnou^ht sheered from second ooluDn,
renamed U-£9, lifting her to surface and apparently rolling her
over* He i e to dreadnought as far as known.
.. - January C4th - (O.II.I. - 491.)
■W»H|ll<.ll>«WIWI'W»HMI»llll'.'"l'«IIW»1 lMWWHWIIiWI'^1**-. II* ■■■»»«« .MM.!.. Il.ll.* I ■ll'WWIW'<^*-'
Battle instructions provide v.aen 6 ( o dt the
two 3 ehl oentr&t® on enemy loader, third .'ires
on enes . , rth ship on &n&my .Mo. 3, fifth shx on enei^y
. 4.
ixrauil of , ble (jfo«0 )
fell behind. '.on (IIo.l) firod on Derfllnger (no.l). r
, socerding to above instruction, also fired on Derfltneer.
rinses* Boyal (Ko.3) however, considered iado ,ble out
fc. ! , and fired at dlita (Ko.3). . d C:o.-
fir eel at blue •::]-• or (Ho .4). 1 a result, the uoltke (!©«£) es*
eaped almost untouched and 'probably i. G loted moat of da , on
-J.cn and $lger.«
■
-5-
3cellaneous II .
D - (0.31*1. Ho. 4641)
-». *
•4/:
lority for censoring cress founded on met
01 Act. to prevent nbllcation of o .. onal
r but the guilty 3 arty oould !;c brought to court u.
above 'Wot" , relief's the pusl & boon o lly jfc
by the Censor*
Ion) to C rely 0 —
tion&l, out is ; aa : oJ j
blicatlona closely cortac ou or i Als
01. or I : .
i'or benefit of public; tie.-.., rlnt< . b & 41
or, a done ...
II Censorship is incA. eadeat of a-
sors) . Same legal easts j I.e. ' of Ee&lffl Act.
trail ;l to eenoorii.
of priv atiorus Ire. els. {0« ... . o. c
r pi| 3 are . . icterid. ont is
forbidS. on.
. . ..dio stat ©red end led or
over "io authorities.
rs to con tine ore u Ae&.
rittoe ox . sjcLatonee is eon: L,
keeps r. -jf all journalists, ©to., in london, in order to
ascertain their standing , at»liea.tle»s resenl a. to
o interview, s for inesa with pre ..en, chen ouch inter-
views are desirable or beneficial . Committee consists of 2
„rli£ '. , (one ft prominent man of letters, the other
a member of the Govenuient) and a ceil Anovn literary eoan not in
Lblie life.
:Y - ( . . . .5113}
mmnt' -mr"«ut*f
n£rcE 2 1,' 3TC7
uaber of ;;5n under , ly approxj ;oly# not
. . , . >Q, "rorrir , . in bar-
B.
05. '• v/ourulcd return to front.
..o 3/11/15 - 10) a& Aicrtr/
s 1,5., ,
. lessee, ten not able to return to front ■ 450,
to
B in o ti q .
r ly ass . ts fro; ■ o.
ffr . in best oi" .. aller percentage of sic ..-
ness than la e tlmea.
iltion La •
rs.
S, etc., fo- re-
sinfeetic .■ ~, cod.
Fare tmx&eraents sent to front tqfcather r . ond oiAor
i in.
:.y d: looses.
. rtion volunteers not yet
out A, * total liavy Personnel.
HY - - (O.K.I. Ho. 5091)
s stated Admiral as in poor health end waa
: re fore relieved.
Cardon arrive? in .ondon in excellent heal nd was
cer better. ethyst ran narrows on Aai and returned
with only ninoi s due to gun fire. ( the Ad y
then insisted reing Dardanelles immediately
by running the straits. dvised againnt this. o
relieved on .Aarch 16,193 . On ttarch 18th, the boi.ibardi.it pos-
sibly an at' t to run Li traits ) resulted in loss of 3 battleships
(Irresistible, an and Jiouvot), by striking submerged
;. Garden feels vindicated and trying to reoovciniiB old oomaand
1
Need not be returned. //
(See Paragraph 4, Instructions of October 31. 19001
MAY §3 19b
RtCEJviJD
t
SUBJECT
The Port of Brinaisi Closed end ::in©&.
«■« *■-
J
T> ; 2,g
)
From T No 101* Date A?r11 ...!:?• ..1^15r
Replying to O. N. i. No.-~~~~—~— Date
.5
I hear on gooa authority that the Italian
port of Brindisi hao been closed - all shipping arriving
off is sent to Bari, The harbor, I uafl.erstr.nd, has boon
thoroughly nined. This port is undoubtedly to be uood
by the main fleet, as I have heard that for soiae fctefcg past,
tho authorities have been busy planting mooring buoys ail
over tho harbor - also that the coal sup ly shore has nov/
reached jCQ,QQO tons.
Need not be returned,
(See-Paragraph 4. Instructions of October 31. 1900.)
H
2--'
SUBJECT Sinking. joi* ....tha...Ji1rfinch...AiaaQr.ejl....Cr.uifi.er....MQiL..
<fctiabfldklL&Jby^
ft)
From ¥..
No.
13
Date April 29 1 191J
Replying to O. N. I. No Date
On the 27th instant the Vienna press published the following
terse report of the commander-in-chief of the fleet:
"Submarine U-5, under the- command of Lieutenant Georg Ritter
von Trapp, has torpedoed and sunk the French armored cruiser
Leon Gambetta in the Ionian sea.
ii
Newspaper despatches from Italy give the following additional
details:
The sinking occurred in the middle of the night about SO
miles from Santa Maria di Leuca.
One despatch purporting to be an account by surviving officers
of the Gambetta is as follows:
Home 28 Ax>ril. Shortly before midnight the cruiser had held
up a three-master and examined her papers. Hardly had the ship
permitted to proceed when the cruiser received a heavy blow
starboard, the meaning of which was at once clear to every -
been
from
one.
for at the same moment the elect rie lights went out and the
engine-rooms filled with water, The ship had a hole a meter in
diameter just below the waterline. The dynamos and engines were
destroyed ovtr rendered unserviceable and the radio apparatus
refused to fiuiction. The watertight doors still held the entirely
helpless ship above water, but her fate was sealed. The crew,
the greater part of which had been surprised while asleep, took
to the boats almost unclothed. Two of the boats capsized and the
the others drifted to the southwestward with the strong current;
with the assistance of the Italian torpedoaoats which had rushed
to the scene four of them reached Cape Leuca « In the course of
the forenoon 3 officers and 20 men were rescued 12 miles from the
cape In all 10 officers and 149 men have been res-
cued. There is no news of the remainder of the complement.
Another despatch states that the Gambetta, which was steaming
at about seven knots, was struck by two torpedoes, the second of
which exploded in the engine-room. ?he cruiser attempted to
strand herself but was unable to do so. She sank in ten minutes.
This event is the cause of much rejoicing in Vienna and is
gladly seized upon by the authorities and the press to raise the
spirits of the greatly depressed public. It Is given an importance
vastly in excess of Its actual significance.
/2**f
Need not be returned,
(See-Paragraph 4. Instructions of October 31. 1900.)
SUBJECT - Rumored shipping of German submarines to Triest.
From H. No 14 Date April... 29* 1.915.
(V
Replying to O. N. I. No Date.
ere is a strong and persistent rumor in Vienna that parts
Cf submarines of the latest type have been shipped from Germany
to Triest for assembling and use a inst the allied fleets in
the Mediterranean, particularly against the forces operating
ainst the Dardanelles.
I have been unable to ascertain any facts in the matter.
'€Ui\
i See Paragraph 4, Instructions of October 31, 1900 )
SUBJECT CENSORSHIP I.
Need not be returned.
From y No. 7^
Replying to 0. N. I. No.
Date
Date
; i o~
I L
1. In the event of war, probably one of t Tie most difficult
problems which would eon front the military authorities of the
lit >d States woulj. be ti -,.t of censor ship, together with that
of espionage, both of which are closely allied j jn the Spanish*
i eric an War we all know the difficulties shieh the newspaper
e or re s pendents brought I a officers aoaamanding tse forces ashore
and afloat. Qenaorahlp as la Joaown here in Europe hi£ never
tisted an fcae United St a tea, and &o far as 1 know a& la*s
ive ever been enaofcsd bji ffhich a eensorshij! eould ue put into
force, in the ^vent of the United states becss&aag engaged in a
life or death struggle eith a foreign power. The necessity for
having these laws and regulations Etade must be apparent to every
laiiita \ & an. >r this reason the following re^or* la i nhzait*
td« It is compiled aostly froa notes made L;., Major j. A. Logan,
U.$. Army, from conversation* I have had *ith ir.A. Foruyce,
iidi-or sf the "Journal," one of the largest aewspapers In France,
in fact ef tjie whole eorld^ from the view point of c insula t ion,
from a talk with Mr. Pourol, Chief of the Pre^s Bureau of the
Foreign Office, ani rroxa personal observation and experiences.
2- icilities for operating censorship in France. - While
ranee is a Republic, the physical difficulties incident to
or eating and maintaining a Censorship are not ae great in Prance
as we would find in our owe country. sre in ice the '}.o\iorn-
ttt is cant ralized :uOcl or less In P ri ] il, . ile-
.i and \.^±^i i, rt of the railroad ayati
of France is aovernaient c I oent rolled. - "1<
per s we know It i i trice haril> e; lal i in France*
jra are a publ id in Ferie , pro te
■ "'""■'■■
WW-.'.
thirty or forty ''dailyc" and fifteen or twenty "weelelys,"
hundred,
t Of 9 & 1 1 f i i 1 11 many % bi -■.. c 1 1 1 h ly s and moat h ly aagai i i *S . Bxa opt
in a few of thy very largest cities, sue a as Havre, Brest,
Boi l tax , Marseilles aad Lyon, there are no paoeu or journals
published. All ef saaller towns ere supplied with the
Parisian pa -.;rc. ■ t,in, even in the sesa of the fe„ large
iras pubii p s-persj t io lows of a gener . araeter la all
coive through baa JJffeiro.it news sweats of Paris. ■ ,v , with
an absolute doverairieat control over the Agencies whieh i- . ..it
information (the Mail, v r&pi id Telephone J and with
I "operly run Censor - . . - Paris, tee whole matter can be mush
more easily r »ed than in oar country.
5* Political Difficulties. - 0,: the other hand, franco
sea its political parties %s have wo. Theses parties are much
mere auaaroufi than la cur ccuatry. The^e include all shades
of political belief eni px'incipie. You find the Radical and
Conservative, the Church (aoeused of royalistic tendencies),
b Socialistic parties of diffe _-■ reea, and fche Anarchis-
tie part; . iff a&slth standing t$ effort mad* tu the formation of
a Cabinet at the Beginning of the War to conciliate the se
factious or parti ce, heir positions and principles are only
held in oie ck by the knowledge that suns action it for the
pesos en , ooa is She present crisis. Tnete partite have ail
their semi- of f icial newspaper organs, whieh is time of peace
preach t^eir respective gospels • is gespels are naturally
ant i -governmental in Best Qesaj in ct.iuequeace are exactly
trie kind of salt ST : for military re about a Censor i ht
wish to el i oa tha gr s of its
of oj I - iy -
She history of France for the last
filJ ed sith I I reeu'. . p of
the PrcuL. ariag jcriiu epoch; I I Pre i i
BOB
8
utmost liberty, while during other epochs its circulation was
practically suspended. the French Code is filled with lav.s
and changes of lav in this particular. These lavs do not con-
sider the qu^stio^ of censorship froi military point of view,
but almost entirely from m internal political point of view.
i/ilitary censorship, while it has existed for .u^ny years, appears
tc nave beein firet ^ade effective by the Japanese during their
• far tilth Bumi^. She extent to shion it has seen developed
id applied auring this war is ^o well known as to need no
C QiLi<. On t .
5. .Due to the a.buaev which previously existed in Frenee
under a censorship, the people, and part icularly the politicians,
have in recont years moat jealously watched all legislation in
this matter, 1-Iany of the ©14 laws, however, had never been
repealed and were therefore still in effect, notwithstanding
the fast that they were rarely applied.
6. Laws effect jug censorship. - the ^Parliamentary Act of
1850, whicn permits the decree of a state of military lav
throughout France, specifies that the Military Government
shall have the right to suppress ntvsp&pers for disooedlenes
of Instructions given concerning the publication of military
Information. At the call of mobilization, shortly before the
present war, tne Ministry in power took advantage of this Act
in order to commence tne organisation of * Bureau of Press
Censorsnip. In a Session of August 5th the Chambre ie Deputes
passed a special Act describing the Military censorship to be
established for tne duration of the present war, out generally
limiting the pover of the Censor to military end diplomatic
information, political matter bei tiuded.
7. this lav oont • following provisions : -
■■MBITTT
Need not be returned.
(See Paragraph 4, Instructions of October 31. igoo)
p&g w-va \it awn
v
> 3 0
SUBJECT $mM%%mm..mJk^^^
From 1 No. XQ^ Date April <KV1^1S«
Replying to 0. N. I. No. ..mm*
Date
1, Tho month of Ppril has come to on end without
any change in the political situation of Italy, over since
the opening of Bar ope an war has the athraosphcre been so c!r rr~
ith a_ prehension . uring tlio days o:'" April. Although
there wore no apparent reasons for such, it was generally felt
by Italians aa& foreign diplomats that war wae imminent. Some
say that if the I/ardanelles had been forced, Italy would have
immediately entored the war on the side of the Triple Entente.
In the meantime us -no i lacltoning in the Au: trian-Gcman offens-
ive nor any weakening in their defensive are rent, condi-
oris not propitious for Italy, her v.artie ion is ac ord-
ingly delaj^od. It is generally believe at negotiations be-
tween Italy and Austria have ceased, although it is generally
believed that some concessions wore offered by the latter, but
these were eou led with some sort of a future alliance betv/ecn
the two count ies; t is am sent \ t suitable to Italy
and was declined. Today I learn from an official high in
Kuropoan &1 cy that Italy has deciOod to make known hor
position oil the sice of the Triple Entente sore time between
the 1st end the lr,th of : ay, which, if the conditions aro favor-
able, will mean her entrance into the war.
•
cal e d
there
Several new alee es have bo
duri the month of April, and X hear tfe
ity of i;]any more being cabled on the 5th of ...ay,
in .arch, military pr arations as regards e<julpi
1;* complete, i'hero his be en, however .during th*
April, practically a bailee to house canvass ae re
and the housing .f wounded in the event
owners were questioned as to the number
the colors
*e . :>s::;i:..il-
ortc
= nt are a ■.y.c.ront-
atter part of
e care
of war, that is, house
of wounded soldiers they
could care for and whether thnir oarc end subsistence would bo
dono free of cha ge or otherwise. Many Horses, other then thorough-
breds or near such, heve bot.n re uisitioneC by the GovomKnt
for military use. , otor cars of Italian manufacture, tithe t the
property of Italians or foreigners have been oxs.mii.ied and listed,
although, as yet, none have been taken.
3. Pho llavy has practically remained as previously ro-
ported, basod between Tafcanto and sta, -icily, for the capit-
al shi s end at Vonico for the siibi.eriaes. The dr t Cavour
should havo rocoivo<' her officers and men on the loth; this how-
ever, I have been un bio to confir at this dato. o droodnou
1/uilio is being fit led out but will not join until the latter
part of -lay, although, if conditions require it, she could ontor
the flo t within ton days. The 770 t.n destroyer Trancosco hullo
ae well an tho on tiro 10,'iB ton class consisting of tho Cosaro
Posi arol, Gupllolrao Pepo and /.lee aadro P eerie aro co pie tod, I nd
if not already with tho fleet can bo so counted in tho caso of
hostilities.
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