Skip to main content

Full text of "[Appletons'] annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1876-95. New series"

See other formats 


: 


I 

< 

f 


» 
>  >       ,      .       , 

? 

>  ^ 


- 


fj 


S  D 


A  I'I'LKT'  >  \  S' 


ANNUAL    CYCLOPEDIA 


AM. 


IlKdlSTKI!    nr    IMI'nl!T\Y|    KVKNTS 


IS 


EMBI  ECCLESIASTICAL  AFFAIB8. 

1MIH.H'   DOCUMK  i'HV    >1.\TISM.>.         MMEItCK. 

AND  L  INDUS! 


N  i:\\    >i:i:iES,  VOL, 


WHOLE  SERIES,  VOL.  XXXV. 


\i  \\  r 

I).    AIMM.I    I  "  NAM)  S  Y. 

FIFTH    A 

1- 


ruioiiT,  1896, 
BT  D.   AIM'I.KTo.N   AND  COMPANY. 


PEEFAC  I 


event  of   1  *'.»."..  in  t!  :   tlic  world—  and  it  may 

t<>  he  tin*  moM  t — wan  tlie  declaration  by  our  (Jovernm« 

a  purpose  to  apj.lv  the   Monroe  doctrine  to  the  l»otindury  di-pute  that  ha>  been 
_r  on  M)  :  Venezuela  concern  inj;  the  west- 

ri>h  ( itii:i:   i.      Whether   the    KnjJUh  claim   i-   Imm-t. 

ipidity  c\cit«-d  hy  tlie  discovery  of  ri-  fields 

in  eastern  is  a  fair  iSM<»n.  and  iU  exarnit  ill  be 

greatly  assisted  by  the  history  of  the  ca§e  in  our  ar  -nezuela"  and  the 

accoj  j  colored  map.      The  aaterti  uith  it* 

pottihlr  n  illy  l>ririLr-  the  in<pi;  /  have  we  to  rely  upon  in  eaae 

•»  large  part  hy  t!j«-  arti«-l«-  in  thi§  volume 

on   t  \lii.-h   lias  been  1   carefully   fmrn  official 

sources  a  VH  the  strength  «>f  tliat  organization  in  the  several  State*  and 

•  I.    It  with  portraits  of  some  of  the  beet  known  of 

•TS.     For  in:  n  as  to  actual  ware  waged  in  1S95  the 

reader  will  turn  to  the  arronnt  of  tin-  Italian  advance  into  Abyatinia,  that  of  the 

ix-llion  in  Cuba. 

war  to  the  arts  of  peace,  we  have  an  im- 
portant ariirlr  --'I  "  M  iros  in  the  I'nited  States,"  whirh  shows  the  capital 
inve>'  cost  of  material,  and  the  value  of  the  produ- 

:-.i-try  exceeds  $200,000. 

The  progress  oi  •' -corded  in  the  articles  "  Associations  Ad- 

•ii v,"  ••('heini>tr  Meteorol- 

,11  of  which  are  uled,  PO  that 

to  readily  find  the  >|K-eitie   >ul.jret   in  whieh   he  i*  interested. 

-.titie   the  art;.'.—   -  1  ',:.-\  ••'..--."   ••  Kngineer- 
:  iages,"  and  "  may  U»  eonMilted. 

The  article,  on  th<*  Domini.          •  .  the  separate  provinces, 

by  a  native  Canadian  from  direet   information,  will  lie  found  unusually  full  and 

lada  is  our  own  Alaska.     Material  is  not  available 
thi-  Territor\  «-v. TV  year,  hut  in  the  present  volume  we  pre- 
•11  the  p'  the  l"niver>  ^an,  who 

has  Studied  the  suhjeet  on  the  ground. 

les  on  the  Lrn>at  :  deni»minations  will  U-  found  full  as  usual, 

and  that  elass  this  year  includes  also  *•  •  mailer  and  less  known  organi- 

zations, sueh  as"Chri-tian   Endeavor,91  ••  Congress  of  Free  Churches,"  "Evan- 
il   Asso<  "Independent    Roman  Catholic   Church,"  u  Reunion  of 


PIlRPACR. 

*trodom,"  •ticj  ••  Keorganifted  Church  nf  Jesus  Ohri*t  of  Litter 
The  pitigress  of  humane  work  U  indicated  to  some  extent  l.\  tin*  articles  on 
»•  .      IVae*  Soetetir*.     ul.il.-  tlie  opposite  tendency  maybe 
read  in  the  story  of  the  atrocious  masMcre*  in  Anm-nm,  at  set  forth  in  thr 
article  ••  Turk 

The  article  on  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  setting  forth  th. 
debates  of  the  short  m»ion,  coven  the  subject*  ••?  th.-  < 
(Jtxvtion,  Silver  Coinage,  some  .U|«nr*o  matter*.  Hawaiian  relation.,  the  Seal 
qtMvtion,  Copyright,  Lotteries  Militar 

And  for  wh«i  ttHtk  place  in  our  monetary  cenU  \v  of 

1895*'  inay  be  cotMollecl,  wbile  minor  liap|n*ningii  arc  l>ri<  tly  «-hr..!.i.-li-«l   i. 

annual  n  \  rto  i«  contril.iit.-.i 

<  luunpliii.  author  <>f  thr  -(Arl..^-.!;.!  , tere  and   PaintingB," 

and  there  U  a  rapid  n*virw  ••!'  tho  year*a  piii»lirati<>n»  in  the  tbree  I,it<-ratin< 
tide*.    The  artj.-l.-  -M  ,ift*  and  Bequests w  preaenU  a  gr 

The  moat  noUhlo  uf  the  upecial  artirh^  in  thin  vohuiu-   i-   that  on 
ton   State*  and   International    K\hihiti..u."  held   in  Atlanta,  (ia.,  win'.-: 
trated  with  a  map  and  ee\  <  >th<-r  speciHl  an*  tho>r  <,n  ••  Klks, 

ii4i  Allia  Beaidl  1  \V,..t  Afri- 

The  death  roll  of  181*:,  i-  notahli-.    '1  i  :.l  MiiTi-n-d  tin-  lo.-  ..f 

Huxh'v  in   Kn^land,  I'antcur  in    F  ranee,  and   Dana   in  our   own   mnutry.     (  Mir 
loawtof  clergy  mm  ini-ludc  l-Jlwanl  liit-i-hi-r.  .!<>],•  K)ka, 

•thinpliam,  Alonzo  A.  Miner,  John  O.  M-rri-.  Sann 

William   M.  Taylor.      In  art  we  Wt  Churle*   P..  A  K.lwin    F..HM-.  M    I 

1!    d. •  ll.i-t-.  Thoin:i.-  :  .-1.  William  W.  S  "vert 

Vaax.  and  I^onard  W.  V«.lk  ;  of  our  author-.   II    II.  r.,,\r«i  i«-ld, 

and  Cliarle*  Rlienne  (iayarre  :  of  ,,ur  «<li  < 

ereoo  Brown.   Norman  A.  Calkin-.   H«-tir\   A.  ('.-it.   II  •        pee,   A    < 

drirk.  (liarle*    Northend.   .1..          II  .rll ;    of    ..ur 

jurist*,   Walv  li»ti»    .-'  \llen 

i  liurmafi ;  ..f  mir  M.ldiei>.  .l«*M-ph  I'  <    >rr.  Philip  St.  <*eorge  Ccioki-.  Kit-hard 
•  JT  Dodgr,  Michael  T.  Donohuc.  Augnatni  V.  Kaut/  .-yet, 

and  f  our  oompnaerv  -n  Millard  and  George  1     !: 

and  of  our  or»-   r-.  Frederirk  h  .iiglai*.  J'le  name-   in   th. 

»n  necrology  are  those  of  the  ttatoatnen   Ix>rd  Aherdare.  I.-r-i    lUndolph 
C'hiifrhill.  NichoU^  91    MiUire,  (Vunt  Tanffe.  and  Stnmbul..fT:  the 

•nldier*  Sir  Patriek  (i rant,  MarUial  C'anrol^rt,  and   Amhduke  Albrec-i 
IWU  the  acnlpt  dell    Palmer.  Sir   Henry  lUwlinmifi ;  th. 

,   Stuart  liUrki'  Dotnac,  CtuMav   Kreytag.  Frederick 

Ijimpaon,  John  K   >-  •    .  H.  itmrh  \  •  pniak.     In  philant) 

we  have  tot  tithfnl.     Sketches  of  all  these 

and  man  *ith  nnmercNis  porimiu.  will  lie  found  in  tht*  volume. 

e  book  doses  with  an  index  covering  the  twenty  volume*  of  the  series. 


CON  i  i;  IBU'1  <>  i;  8, 


Among  tn*  Contributor,  to  tki*  Volume  of  tk* 


Cyclop^ta"  an 


Oscar  Fay  Adams. 

KK,k  of  American  Aotbon 

PR*' 

REDERJCE, 


. 
9rORy.   Wll.l.l  'RE, 

AIH I  other  article*. 

Mrs.  Florence  E.  Angle. 
mo*  i. 

• 
a  IK  I  <  it  her  articles. 

Marcus  n^^J*™*™,  Ph.  D.. 

Editor  of  aepAftoMat  of  chemistry  te  the 


J    H    A.  Bon*. 
On 

Arthur  E.  Bostwick,  Ph.  D  , 

Editor  of  -  SuxxUrd  DkUoaary. 


Hon.  Jacob  V.  Brower. 
I  In. i..  AI.KRKII  JAMES. 

Thomas  Campbell-Copeland, 

Author  of  "  Thr  Laddrr  of  J..uni«liMB.w 
vTES, 
NAI  VKI>. 

James  P.  Carey, 

Pormrriy  FlnudaJ  Editor  of  "  JoaroAl  of  Com- 

VIEW  or  1808. 

John  Denison  Cham  pi  in, 

,  <-UIA  of  Winter*  And  riliillsji  " 

Hon.  Benjamin  F.  Clayton, 

Pn^Mvnt  of  i  be  Pannrn'  CaefNM. 

:'  •     ' 

Bessie  Nicholls  CroffVit. 

-rrox   STATES   AXD    INTEEXA- 


Austin  E.  Ford, 

Kditar  of  -  PfcMSMrt  Jo«n 
ROMAN  ('ATlioLI'    I  MI  RI-H. 

Mrs.  Fredericka  B.  Oilcnrist, 

of    -Tb«  Trw  Morjr  of 


AL  CaUETfl, 


ARKAXSAS, 
[ftaWk 

NEW  MEXICO. 

I'll" TIM  IM 

SOUTH  ho 

•• 
«n,l  ,,!h,-r  Art  idea 


Rev.  William  E.  Ohms,  D.  D. 
of  PlUfstoi 


"jiT  |in<Ri 


Profe 

JAPAN. 
UA, 

George  J.  Hagar, 
Editor  of  "  i 

ALABAMA, 

.!I»A. 

«UM-  AM* 

KA\-\-. 

OBITUARIES,  AMEEICAX  (in  part), 

\  IK- 

Rev.  Hoses  Harvey, 

Author  of  -Trxt  book  of  : 

vXD. 
Ripley  Hitchcock, 

Aothor, 
HAA-.  MAI  Kin  P.  II.  DC, 


•"  Rl<    vx. 

XKLES  VALI 


of  Wood  Wort 


J.  Castell  Hopkins, 

A«tbor  of  ••  Life  AM!  Work  of  Mr 

U'Hixiox  op. 
ami  srtirles  on  the  Canadian  pcufineta. 

Abram  B.  Isaacs.  Ph.  D.. 

Editor  of  "Jrvfcft  XcsMR«cr." 
JEWS. 
Mrs.  Helen  Kendrick  Johnson, 

IK, i  BLA«a  !'K>  H  U   L 


n 


CONTRIBUTORS. 


William  H.  LarraDeS). 

•    m  si  MOJ  i  •-  .....  i  .'i  v 

Kt  I  MILK*  All  ASMJCIATIUM, 
UtftMA* 


u«, 

'    N  .-     V. 

•ad  other  artfolsfc 
Frederic  O.  Mather. 
•••».  «»«iu  •  or, 

P»» 

•    awl  other  srUclem. 


\    «  RT. 

OoL  ChArlM  Lwiyani  Norton, 


\T»  A Xli  IXTKXTtOXS. 

Solomon  E.  Ochsenford. 

II  A« 

KOK, 

M<-fciii«.  Joan  UOTTUEB, 

TflHLAXA. 


O'Connor, 
Aatinr  of  •  •  Ibdn  to  8tek«pcar». 


I'M*' 

\  ...v 


n, 


Mr*.  Mary  J.  B«id. 

lifOKXE, 

rUi. 

Mr*.  Alice  Wellington  Rollins, 

Author  of  — n»  Story  of  a  Ranch." 
WKLUXUTO*,  Amn  K  N 

Israel  C.  Russell. 


Hermann  Schoenfeld,  Ph.  D.. 

•*4ir  inCulumtiini. 

.  i  iNun  n. 

Lewis  Swift,  LL.  D., 

Dirrctor  of  Lowe  Obwnratorj-,  ('•lifornta. 
MV. 

u  I.H.IIT. 

James  B.  T.  Tupper, 

•fflrc. 
JriUi  i\H\  li  IS), 

Robert  K.  TurnbulL 

UAOI  i,  HORSELESS, 

J.  Kendrick  Upton, 

of  1'i.ii^l  States  I.ifr  Mvinjr  S«-r\ 

-    "I     Mil  . 

Frank  Weitenkampf, 

«»f  ihr  AMor  Library. 
Ll  i  \l. 

William  J.  Toumans,  M.  D., 

Mitor  of  "  I'opulmr  Science  Monthly." 

Cnoumr, 

' 

I'm 


ILLUSTRATIO 


\i;i> 
I  i;\ 

lil"MAS 


/ 


r  .     i 

/'•      .•.-;   ..     . 


I'KXT. 


Al.Ml. 

CH  %BU:S  I-'.   HI.HIK      . 
WlXDELL   P.   BOWMAN 

Wll.l  Ml.... 

1C  \\IN.I.I-H    Clint.   IIII. I. 

. 

lil'flYUS  CoiT 
.  '        ' 
<iLAtt. 

ALBXAXDBK  DUMAS     . 

. 

SlB    iKiriil.AS   (i  Al.TOX  .... 
Cll.%B1.KS    &TIKNNK    ABTIIfB    (iAVARHK 

-     . 

•  IK  I       . 

OBBOOBY 

JUDSON    i  i  .  . 

LI   OIH-AB  Iloroin-'V    . 

it  I1--M  n 
ASABBL  CLABK  KCXDBICK  . 


Ill 

HI 

:,;.; 
514 


Ml 
570 

m 

515 

H 


ai 

•,:•; 
578 

m 


CIIABLM 

THOMAS  It.  MATIICW* 

. 
' 

KDWABI.  \V.  M..BI.KV  . 
Ni.w  : 
I'ASTKCB    . 

\\       I'lUKHAM 

.1     \V.    l»u  Mi: 

FBAXKLIX  LBOXARO  I*bn  . 
CiiAKLEK  VALEXTIXK  RilXf 
CHABLES  P.  ROE. 
QEOBOB  PBKDUUCK  ROOT  . 
FEEDHUC  M.  SACXBTT 
KOBEBT  WiLaox  Saunurr 
\VH.I.I%M  SMALLWOOI. 
(iKi>Biii:  K.  S.\owi»r.x  . 
STEFAX  STAMBI-U»FK 

VM  \VcraoBB  STO«T. 
\VH.I.I%M  SrBora 
AI.I.EX  GBAXBBBT  Tut  BMAX 
HBXBT  1-  TI-BXEB 

VM    \.\\l 


. 

HI 


461 

in 
ra 


m 


KKO  PLATW— 
M  VP  or  ALASKA    . 

MM 

I'l-M 

ALASKA 

T 
. 


Bot'XOABV   OT    VKXBSVKLA    AXD  GflAXA 


:  - 

18 

- 


Tiii 


ll.l.fSTKATI 


CbTTox  STATE*  A*I»  ImnuuTtoXAL  RuMmog  (tercn  ri«w»)— 
UEJMUUL  VIKW  or  mi  Kxrotmoii    . 

>«    III  IUM*0    AXD    AliNIMMHtTlOX    BUILDUM 

»X%M»«IATl«.X     Hi  II. fl\..    AM.    A..»l«  I  I.TIRAI.    lllll.UIXQ 

KuBrTRirmr  BVILMJNI  AM.  n\i    AUTO  iu 
LAKK  I»«KUJ»O«  mu»  M»»»  AI»» 
UAUM  UOVM  ox  THE  MABOXI 


//././  -  / 1  \  /. 


,.r    »\    Ai  »«k»x  <  HIM 
t*  COUKTU 

Btctrui  RCTAIB  TOOL        . 

CAEKIAOI      . 

WITH      I'KT*»I.I 


Cimuunu 

R  Al        IBM  ,        .        . 
Couunoft  is  Uiu  SHKLTEB 
OOOUM  ArrAfc-  '-*i  SHELTER 

SEA  n«    Sini*f»NU. 


18'.* 


II 
57 
87 

-- 

90 

110 

117 

-J-l 
285 
286 

•„•.:: 


PAOB 

THE  AIE  Lirr  (two  figures)      ...    255 

:  »  -     \\|i 

Honni-.N.   M  U 
RniOENfK   . 

Till      W»M     «i  \TI.    ••»•     - 

MEDAL     PRETEXTED     . 

n) ess 

SII.KIIN..  BOAT  (two  i  .       .       .080 

HIM  i.i.i  K    .        .    087 

A     ll<-'  M/l  H 

.    IM.I.I-II    (  ..\  MM  .M  -    IM.I.M  i: 

.vs) 

i  i. H, in    A  i  ... 

TEEBI/. M     >•  »  s».  «.F  AN    AKMKMAN   M.\s. 
8ACRE 


•i  ii  i-: 


ANNUAL   CYCLOPAEDIA. 


an  empir*  in  eastern  Africa 
:i«  emperor.  .-a!. 
Ii  tfsosU  II  .  K:M-  of  Shot,  who  MtabBihsd 

n,  PM  -------  r   t..  Johanna  II.      U*   u  Ir-a'N    n    ,  1- 

1  toU-r.  Italy  n-  >minal  pro- 

Mivytiuia. 
recognised  M  within  n..-  halum  »i»h. 

•  •         n          •    •  •       -   •  .  i  :      .s  ith  (in  i1    I'.:  il  i 
an  i  i,  i»  i.-.  i,  a  koowUdfi  I  •••  be  n  »•*  0<  : 

• 

. 

ii-  Mated  II  Oi  the    A.    \  m  In  m  «  !,  IP  ti.  . 


to  have  especial  interest  in  this  country—and 
Prance  have  refused  to  recognize  the  Italian 

iwople  cultivate  a  degenerate   form  of 

tie  head  of  the  Church. 
the  ab**a.  is  chosen  from  among  the  Coptic 

Uexandria, 
n  conducted  by  the  monk*  and  priests. 

nail  proportion  ,,f  tiu<  \ 
religious  music,  grammar,  poetry.  and  tli> 
turva.  The  people  raiw  cattle,  go«U,  and  sheep. 

ill  the  soil 

coffee  grow  wild,  and  timber  and  forest  pr 
are  abundant     The  chief  exports  are 
ivory,  butter,  ami  gums.  W 
there  is  passes  through  the  Italian  port  of  Ma»- 


'ones  administered  br  the   Italian 
authorities  are:  The  seaport  of  Massowah  and 

marm,  elevated  districts  where  the  troops  are  o  uar- 
tered,  haring  together  an  area  square 

I  pearl  shells  are  gathered  for 

export  ;  and  Assab,  with  an  arr«  of  580  square 

The  protectorate  includes  the  empire  of 

Harmr.  and  other  ten  ilarra 

habiUi 

Danakil.  and  tho  Miltanat.-,.f  Aussa:and 
Oallaland  and  the  (tart  of  Somalilai 

Italian  agreement  of  Marrh 
area  recogniied  as  under 
Italian  influence  is  about  546,100  square  miles, 
with  M58300  inhabitants. 
TOL.  xxxv.—  1  A 


pea 


ricsthat  have 
Italian 

thria  or  Kritria.  wbfch  has  for  iU  salt  A 
Massowal 

480  are  Asiatics.    The 
van  adminbtralta  is 
k'  a  pofMilation  of  8.4 
:  natives  mostlv  nomads,  wti  raise  c«t- 
tlr.  <  amels,  sheep,  and  goats.    There  is  *  civil 
by   the  Italian   Govern- 
ment    The   military  and   naval  cnsjsjiamlsM 

S*    .::.;.:,:,:.-      f    -    -       r.     ,     ,.    .    :     , 

tions  r  .  ..f  War.    The 

r-  \.  SJM  ai..;.  \i  ••..-.'.   .'•?.-        •  •.   '   •  :-  >', 

*M  were  estimated  each  at  9J81S.1  1  ?  lira,  of  which 

-•d  by  local  taxes  and  dues, 

764,1  17  lire  mm-  coi  .   lul- 

•nriii,  which  had  expended  1MJ07.- 

:nr>  l>n-  u;  t«n  posMssJons  from  1888 

tbetradr 

country  is  carried  on  by  Banians,  who  are  Brit- 

iMowah  by  land 

•ad  m  :>:  I8M  PW  SjS  BH    - 


Saati.an«l  atelacnphUne  of  S19 


with  one  of 

running  to  IVrim.    Massowah  is  also 
connected  I  h  the  military  stations  on 

the  plateau  and  a  telegraph  has  been 

erected  from  Agordat  to  Kassala. 

tnt  8Msian.-The  wall. 
-ala  in  the  Soudan  was  occupied  by  Geti. 
Ilarat:  -r   in  chief  of  the   Italian 

forces,  in  July.  1«U.  afirr  be  had  administered 

them  across  ih.-.  VtUra,   The  place  was  fortifled. 
and  a  garrison  of  1.300  men  wa»  left 
th.  able  body  of 

siege  to  the  town. 


from  Agordat,  and  th.  fncndlv  emin  of  the  dis- 
•ined  with  the  Italians  in  expelUng  the 


Italian  Adfaare  Into  Tirre.-At  the  time 
dervishes  appeared  before  Kassala 
Raa  Uangaacia.  the  Governor  of  Turrr.  with  an 
army  of  10.000  men,  moved  toward  Coal  it  with 
-rcupving  the  rooun- 
country  of  Ocule  KusaT  and  beginning 
cms  against  the  Italians  from  that  van- 
tage ground.    Menelek  had  for  son 


hiins*if  *'<h 


.,,.. 

iw>wi^ri  who  waa  at  Asmara*  decided  to  inter* 
rn*  gap  MMBJMOBB  at  CoeUt  before  he  could 
etUrththighlai  h  he  gained 

Htion  on  both  sides  of  the  n>ad  th» 

would    ha»-     «..    t.,  force* 

of  whom  4.146  were  native 


by  Italians,  On  then. 
II.  IHtt.  the  two  armfce  came  into  cof 
IWoa.    TWltaliansopeoe.1  J\rv.,thtl,r,r*n,l- 

;    -,     •      .         .  \-  ,...-•;     nd  bj   a   .... 

crWl  advtjM*,  Oea.  Baratieri  was  comneUed  to 
brin<  all  his  reserves  into  action  to  repel  a  flank 
allark  on  the  K  «hi.-h  the  .rrvinilan 

posted  there  gave  way.  endangering  the  line  of 
•    Ooatil    Arigorottsconnuriitt,, 

vsintans  across  a  ravine  and 
while  the  line  wa- 
on  the  left    The  Tigrin 


fattit  droV»  the  A 


to  UM  attack  on  UM  Italian  nnsiiion  repeat,-«lly 
till  night  Ml.  and  were  repelled  every  time  with 


Tbe 


Italian  oosunender   bad   disposed   his 
for  a  general  attack  on  the  following 

brofc     .;•  2 

The  entire  Italian 


forai  follow^  in  parmit,  and  overt. 

•01?  in  the  etrtoiaf  at  Senafa,  oocapring  the 


before  the  Abyssinian*  were  a 
form  for  attack.  Two  detachments  took  posi- 
tion on  the  right  and  the  i  flank 
••  tbe  guns  poured  shot  and  -h.-Il 
i '-  MB  ng  heavy 
The  Abyssinian*  were  seued  with  ter- 
the  night  the  whole  army  fled, 
arms,  ammunition.  f««-l.  tranitpoit 
furnttnr..  In  the  first 


Afmttof  tb»  Ftalians  lost  about  400  men. 
indorfioff  5Baropean  oOoen:  in  the  second 


bttttie  (hey  k»t  n«i  a 
to  the  wath.  and 
Tt» 


in  the 
Ras  Mangaecia  fled 


d  his  army  broke  op  completely. 
and  priesU  of  the  country  offered 
and  submission  to  Gen.  Bara- 


tieri,  who  retained  aft.  r  a  few  day*  to  Asmara 

••      :       ,    :  -  -d 

the  smOitia,  leaving  smaU  detadbmeoU  of  regu- 
lars to  garrison  %fnf^  and  Coatiu 

Tlw  Italian  Government  consented,  after  thin 
victory,  to  tbe  continued  occupation  of  a  part  of 
Tigre,  and  sent  out  5  battalions  of  infantry  and 
•  eovndrons  of  cavalry,  adroonuhii 

'  "*  *°  e*t*od  » »  operat  ions  or  to  occupy 

tolMtaJ^wereMfttothedMoretionof 

•  •       •      •'-.,•• 


arrirfd.  *t  .^it  with  a  •trong  force  to  occupy  as 
murh  of  Tier*  as  he  considered  necessarr  to 
hold  the  coloay  against  a  combined  attack  of 

t/».      %s)sBfla^ssa^h«eJ^    &*v^l      \f^».«.lML>  tl        «  —     I* 

•ftsip   mm**ifmm*m  mm*   MeDrif  k.      n<»  COOK  pOMW* 

ite  of  Adiirrat  on  March  «.and  fortinedthe 


the  role  of  a  protector  of  Abyssinian  in.l 
enceon  tne  groun  1  *>f  tin-  |>riinn<-y  <>f  \\. 
Him,  <  the  head,  aiming 

••«  of  the  Alexandrian  m 
.1  tin*  Italian  |»n>l«  by 

mlmif  »Mi.   Uu^m  h.-iiiit     t.. 


h.-iiity 

alliance.     She  denies    e«>. 
Ham 

by  an  agreement  with  England  tin-  mi 
and  inv 


illy     that. 


Inviolability  of  Harrar  was  atln 

ml  interests  demand  that. 
udependenoe  be  preserved.     I  > 
ires  were  nm-l.-  l.y  th«-  l-'n-nrh  «;..  \.-rniin-nt 
toward  a  recognition  <>f   th.-   Italian    inllu<  ncc 
and  protectorate  nv.-rthr  whole  «-f  A  I 

llarrar  with  the  exn-pti.-n  --f  Lake  Assal 
ami   th<>  HI-  •  •  hi.-h   th--    ' 

ri^ed  to  concede  oe  sub- 

ject to  cert.-  >  u»ns  regarding  fn.,i,,tn  ..f 

tnwlo  in  the  salt  coining  f'-':  '\'\\\* 

arrangcinriit     came    to    naught,    as 


France  broke  off  neg-  n  a«..unt  ..f  th<- 

.il   of    the    triplr   nlliam-. 
an<l  thf  Kussians  sustained  tin-  claim  <>f 
l.-k  that   he  abrogated  in  «lu.-  f-.nn   t: 
Ucciali.  in  which  he  accept<-«l  an  Italian  pn»twt- 
ocate,  by  denouncing  it  on  .  )>efore 

\|.irati..n  «'f  tin-  flip..  "<1. 

treaty  arranged   between    M«  n,  ],  , 
Count    Anti.n-lli  ••i-ntain«-«l   n«>  cstab- 

•  ili.-  full   protectorate  asserted   by   Italy 

and  recognized  by  England  an  !  The 

Italian  ai-1  that   If  enelek  should 

-n  powers  through  th«-  incdinin 

of  tlio  Itali  -iii-nt.  but  tin-  Anmrictext 

\byssinia  inigh' 

of  th.-  Ital  'in-lit   as  an   iiit<Tin»-«liary. 

When  after  he  had  been  seated  on  tho 

throne  with  th.-  assistance  of  Italy.  HIM  disputed 
the  significance  at  in  I  .in,,  1  to  th.'  treaty  o4  alli- 
ance by  Italy.  Antondli  was  sent  to  arran 
matter.    A  new  -,  was  agr. 

lating   the    boundary    between    Krythn.. 
Tigre.      Tho  clause   pn.viding    for  an    I 

'orate  Mem-  Irk  would  i,,,t  accept,  and  An- 

tonrlli  broke  oif  diplomatic  n-ln- 

In  January.  1805,  a  RUP-.  \pedi- 

'«  t.-r-burg. 
was  Li  1  trav- 

•  •!•  r.    Th«-  party  was  accom  pan  .ussian 
an-himaiidrit<>.'who  was  charged  with'  a  religious 
mission  by  the  ecclesiastical  author 

•  •••I  ling  by  way  o,  and 

through    Harrar.  the   H  ussian  emissaries 
'a  capital. 


n  »-onliaI  W.-I.-I.IIH-.      Th-    P     j      ;-    n.i'-ion  was, 
the  Abyssinians  of  th. 


town.  Later  he 


wm 


aid  of 


cvpiedAdowe,  tbe  chief 
Ras  Mangasda  retired  sontb- 


_  Italy  ^rrral  thousand  rifles  with 
which  to  arm  native  allies. 

rnational     •eUtJMIt.-Tbe     Rusjrfan 
Ooverasisnt  is  the  only  one  that  has  constanUy 


doctrinal   affiliation   of    the    Ku-'ian 

al  n  H- 
«•*  of  the  two  countries  into  ••onununica- 

tend  ih.-  ; 
ganda  of  the  Roman  -.  who  have  en- 

dravor«-d  to  r,,tmnce  the  nati\.-  Chri-tiari-   that 

'•reed  was  idcntin 
sential  points— M /..the 

to  the 

•aints.    When  the  Russians 

— f    Mtomedtotl  untry.  in  Jane,  the  Negus 

Italian    Protectorate    sent  with  them  an  Abyssinian  embassy  to  the 
«n  Ciar  has  assumed    Gear,  consisting  of  bis  cousin  Damto  as  en- 


APOII 


v-v 


nepbew;  Uenenu.  a 

Harrar. 

vinrd  in  a  way  to  in»- 

press  them  with  the  power  and  magnificence  of 
ir.  and  esperi*  -,«  grandeur  ami 

»way  the?  were  loaded  with  present*  for 
-jrus  and   man.  .age*  and  other 

IKUHAMSTAN  ruhr  In  eeotral 

.««r  or   ruler    t»  Abdurrahman 

boom  occupied  the  capital 


;  with  Belyako,  the  King',    layan  states  1 

•  general;  and  lh*  bi.ho.,  ,,P     annr»«|.  but   |*rt.  af 

T«r.     lt>  Km«ia  the  member*    bean  overran  and  foreibl y  oorapied  at  the  ruk 

<  f  rfrii    -•  •     '•  '  •-...    ••'.    .  • 

.rralimaii  h^  c^abUah^l 


of  tnt™  of  Pathaii.    I 
colas  well  as  of  Afgh 

hammedans  except  2  Shut*-  tribes,  some  peace- 
ful in  1  engaged  in  agriculture 
others  pastoral,  war- 
The  present 

v  has  established  a  firmer  central  govern- 
•  iian  his  predecessors,  aided  by  moti* 
granted  by  the  Ooveranu-nt   of    I 

was  increased  in  1898  from  1.200.000  to  1,800,- 
000  rupees  a  year.  He  maintains  a  regular  army 
to  the  feudal  militia,  and  is  said  to 
have  90,000  men  under  arm,.  There  are  nearly 
8.000  infiii.- :  artillery  force  of  76  guns. 

p,.«,i,-r  I-  ii,iii,uf.».  tend  ar  (  sJbol,  UN  -  tfttal, 

i  by  the  Sin<fPishin  Hail- 
road  are  fresh  and  prrserred  f 

mese  tea  is  forwarded  bv 
issian  Central  Asia,  with  which 
jhan  wool  and 
Russian  < 


ami  ii 

indigo,  and  sug 
this  route  to  R 
there  is  a  grow 


•tal  imports,  in 
ottons  90  per  '•:•»  imports  from 

..'.000  mpees  in  1894. 
••  an  great  in  1880. 

II..     lirilM,     \lli.im,.-Th.'    |H,li,-y   of   tht- 


ions  in  Asia.    Great   Hr 


presenre  a  strong, 
hanistan  as  a  buf- 

:li.-  Ku  —  i.m  .i"ii;in- 


treaty  with  the  present  Ameer  to  aid  him  with 
troops  in  ease  or  an  unprovoked  encroachment 

III..-H     In-     fr..nti.-r>.      A»-.lurr;i!im:ni     I. .IN     t,-.  n 


nid  encouraged  in  his  efforts  to  create  a 

modern  army,  and  was   prompted  to  dated 

*Ue  the  native  states  of  Roahan 

•T  to  prex  1'amiro 

hands  of  Russia.     1 

.strut.  •-i-'-  n.«  l-.n^.-r  ezpei  t.  bowerer,  to  :•  f.  •  i 

Russian  advance  «if..-n  In  foster 

the  military  spirit  an-1  j.ro\\,-*s  <>f  the  Afghans, 
an«l  {.rvM-rv,-  t|:.  :-  ••  •  :-•  ;  .  M  tl.  t'  they  «::i 
make  a  stand  in  ilrf.-iiM-  AH  countnr 

instead  of  allowing  a  free  passage,  or  perhaps 

;  the  invaders,  as  t  •  !.>ne  in  for- 

In.liji,    The  la  -crncy 

has  not  U-.  the  calculations  of  the 

,  who  rel     maiulv  on  the  new  scientific 


military  fnmtier 


shops  in  which  everything  raqdaito  for  an  army 
is  manufactured  on  a  large  scale  under  the  su- 

of  an  Kng&h  •«f«naar.8lr8»l. 

the  gun  factory 


PTM 

n-r.  Jnd 
and   Mar 
are  turned  out 
brought  from 
at  the  rate  of 
are  made  per  i 
fend  fr  •   • 
.  aaj  obtained 

dm...-  for  the 
knive*  of  fine  temper  an 
In  other  shops  are  man uf »' 
baud  instrument*,  rnilitar  • 
isaf.  an  be  cast 

in  one  piece.   The  rolling  mil 
hines,  and  lathe* 


' 

ind.    Cartridges  are 
f  field  ft 
i.    Oonpowdar  is  manofao- 

f     .-    :   !,.  " 


There  are  also  large  soap  and 
t  has  a  n 


>int  has  a  maximum  ca|  i 

r    mm    •••'     '  •    •     '        '  •  .: 


Tr. 

a  hfht   railway  Uid  down  to  bring  Hmsatona 

fr.  n,  •!.-•  !..;;•.  :  aril  -  fr.  •  •  §]  ..  f  r  ••.  sjsJh 

breed  of  army  horses  the  Ameer  maintains  a 

beat  blood  of  AM/%  and  Kurope  is 
der  the  direction  of  an  English 

irrahman  Khan,  who  was  so  ill  in  18B4 
that  his  life  was  despaired  of,  subsequent lv  re- 
oowad  HA  :•  nth  b  nta  •  agi  •.••••  -  f 
government.  Herontemplated  making  his  lonf" 
promised  visit  to  England,  bat  flnallv  sent  hi*  ssc~ 
^nillahKhan,inhisstead.  When  Ah- 
durrnhmnn  dies,  there  may  be  a  contest  for  the 

-•,     ,-...,-•,-•  ,-;-:..-         ' 

,:  :     •'      •  .  -  ..•     .     ,:..'•  /       •'       "      '•. 

^ration  of  justice  in  the  «JH 

There  is  already  a  party  in  favor  of  a  younger 

Vmeer  relate*!  through  his  mother  to 

the  Harakzai  Hn  ,-r  rolers  of  the  coon- 

try.  who  were  supplanted  by  the  Sadosmi  dy- 

nasty.    Ishak  KhinTthe  preteoder.  who  has  ai 

:  to  overthrow  Abdurrahman,  is 

now  a  fugitive  in  Turkestan,  and  a  pensioner  of 

<sian  trrasory. 

illah  Khan  arrived  in  Rngiand  on  May 
38, 1805.  with  a  retinue  of  190  Mnona.    He  was 
-.  state  and  entert 


estern  India,  which    bit* 


een  fortified  at  enormous  expense,  and  to 
obtain  which  not  only  have  indepot 


ceremon  y  for  several  months. 

The  Pamir  AgrtMUlt— The  i 

of  the  Russian  sphere  of  interest  in  the  Pamir 

region  was  declared  in  the  original  agreement 

between  Great   Britain   and  Russia  to  be  the 

its  w>urw.    The  Russians  have 

tnja  or  southern  branch  of  the 

oins  is  the  true  upper  coarse  of  the  river, 

l-ing    the    larger   and    longer.     The 

rlaimrtl  at  fir*  tl  -ghab  was 

but  discovered  that  this  contention  t 

lese.  instigated,  at  the 

supposed,  bv  English  agent*,  occupied  the  east- 
ern pirt  of  the  Pamirs,  beyond  the  lakes  of 


YMhUkttl 

r-l    - 

quorsd 

in*  tbr  r*rt  of  I  h* 


and  the  A  fKUn*.  prompt- 

fa   raft   :..•..-     • 


TheAfkhano.i' 

inhabitant* 

.,-.-.        ..    •   •     ^      .  ..-,  • 

'f  .-"  ,  •    ''  -,'.-.  \"f'!  ,    . 

t^^ifr  MUSBBt  measures  to  avoid  being  en»b«r- 
IBjBMdteUMir  Usml  posttloo.  bv  a  /a«/  accompli. 
The  fliasss  intruder,  vrrr  nr*t  expelled  and 
the  toitliosJlnm  thai  tbry  h.vl  erected  were 
oeouiiiH  by  Basslan  troops.  Col  '< 

•  ....        .  ...,:•,•<.     \','.k:.     »:•!, 

«^ i^^ifc^^^^   of   ttnMiAB   liuuiju  In  ttwi  Mlflltller 

of  10*4.  and  drove  the  invaders  across  the  Panja. 
The  British  amhsje*  PetenJwr 

tuiert.  and  a  tnirr  wa*  amuigml     CoL  Tonoff*s 

• ...  •    •    •  • .   •   rthon  -.  :• 
of   the  Mwghab,  ai  '.Than*  pn 

to  interfere  no  more  in  Shignan  ami  Roshan 
proding  a  sottlement  of  the  disputed  point*  in 

gl»a*afUr  the  retirement  of  the  Russiaii 
lesajlenil  the  disputed  territory  and  harassed 
the  Tajik  natives'  Still  the  Russians  remained 
oo  the  Marshal*  while  negotiation*  proceeded 
in  London.  The  lint  Mi  diplomat*  did  not  per- 
slst  in  contending  that  Shignan  and  Roshaa  be- 
\fgnani0tan.  An  agreement  was 
by  the  Karl  ley  and  M.  de 

on  March  11.  1*M.    The  Pamirs,  with  the 

re  concede 
of  Shignan  and  Roshan  and  all 

,•      •'•        '  IV      .     .;    •       !..>,, 

VkCoria  or  KarikuL    Prom  that  fake  eastward 

•  -..  -'••'.-..•..  .led  bjaUM 
which,  starting  from  a  point  on  that  lake  near 
ite  east  em  extremity,  follows  the  crests  of  the 
mountain  range  running  somewhat  to  the  south 

.  .  '.-  ...  •  i:,:.  :.:-- 
sky  and  Orta  Bel  passei.  Thence  the  line  runs 
along  the  same  rangr.  while  it  remains  to  the 

'-.,-•.:        '    ",       ,    •        ....    ;,.,    ;..:  _• 

that  latitude  it  shaU  descend  a  spur  of  the  range 
toward  Kiril  Rabat,  on  the  Ak  f  that 

locality  b  found  not  to  be  north  of  the  lati- 
tude of  U 

reotionso  as  to  meet 
(f  H  b  found  that 
•••.    '  •         .••.;.  •  '  I..,.. 
Victoria,  the  line  of  tiemermtion  shall  be  drawn 
to  the  nearest  convenient  twin  Aksu 

rbur  south  of  that  latitude,  and  thence  pro- 
loajed  at  aforesaid. 

it  «as  arranged  that  a  joint  commission,  cora- 
pomd  of  Britbh  and  Russian  delegates,  with 
iaahninel  assbtante  and  a  military  escort  no 
UrRvr  than  would  be  necessary 
should  demarcate  the  boundary  as  thus  defined! 
The  British  Government  was  permitted 

T  -"''{' 

>  oharnd  with  the  duty  of'rraortiiig 
at  could  ha  ascertained  on  the  spot 

menu  to 

Urritnrrinthe 

vicinity  of  the  line.    The  Britbh  and  the  E 
sian  siiTirnmims  cinrMeil  to  ab 


ercbing  any  political  influence  or  control,  the 
. .   •    •: ,   :    ,i),  and  th.  other  to  the  s,,,nh  of 

th,-  line  of  demarc-at: 

mentoncaced  that  the  territory  lying  within  the 


regarding  the  situotloo  of  the 
with  •  view  to  enable  t) 
come  to  an  agr**m*nt  with  the 
us  to  the  limit*  of  C 


'    influence    between    tin-    Ihliilii 

•in  the  t-ii 


[;  ... 


of  |j»  •  r  shall 

Mory  of  the  Ameer 
.i.<l  it  .shall  not  br  annexed  to  Great 
Britain,  and  that  no  military  poets  or  forts  shall 
be  established  in  it. 

The  execution  of  this  agreement  was  made 
.  --ntmgrnt   Upon    th. 
of  Afghanistan  of  all   th< 
by  his  troo;  ri^ht    bank  of  the  i 

aiid  on  the  evacuation  by  the  A  men 
of  the  jK.rtion  (.f  Darwai  which  lii->  south  of  the 
in   n-gard   to  which   the    Mrit; 
and  the  Governmeir  u  agreed  to 

use  their   influence  respectively  with  the  two 
Ameers. 
The  HritMi  commission  was  «  •:  with 

:    ;,-    chief   commissioner,   a; 
lloliiich  and  Major  Wahab  as  survey  oiliccrs. 

I  .-uiii  coi,,Mii-io!i  was  composed  oi 
Schweikoffsky  as  <h;  irith    M. 

fldin  and  Col.  Galkin  as  assistants.     Th 
missioners  proceeded  to  the  ground  in  July. 

(  hiti-al.  The  '  vending  of  British  polit- 
ical power  over  the  border  tribes  between  tin- 
Indus  valley  and  the  Hindu  Kush  began  * 

Aiissians  became    active    in    the   Pamirs. 
Costly  little  wars  have  been  carried  on  under 
the  name  of  punitive  expeditions  again-t   the 
tribes  that    have   hitherto  owed   allegiam.    to 
Cabul,  and  political  agents  have  been  pl.v 
the  independent  states  bordering  u|><  n  A 
istan  ana  the  Pamirs  from   Kh  mere. 

Chitral,  a  state  tliat  1m*  been  politically  depend- 
ent upon  Afghanistan,  occupies  a  valley  into 
which  lead  three  passes  of  the  Hindu  'Ku-h. 
'  ..'HIM. 'dan  state  that  was  con- 
solidated by  the  .Mehtar  Aman-ul-Mulk.  The 
people  are  '  -peaking  the  Afghan  lan- 

guage.  A  Brituh  mission  was  sent  to  thai  rulerin 
1885  under  Col.  L.^klmrt.  When  the  old  Mehtar 
died,  in  1892,  Af/ul-ul-Mu:  :he  throne. 

murdered  a  numlK-r  <>f  his  half  brothers, marohea 
against  Ni/am-ul-Mulk.  his  own  lirother  and  the 
ite  heir.  wli<»  was  Governor  of  Yasin.and 
drove  him  to  take  refuge  under   British   pn»- 
at   (iilu'it.    The  Government    of   India 
recognized    thi-    usurping    Mehtar.  hut   he  was 
kilhnl  iu  defeudin-  the  throne  against  a 

\  f/.ul.  who  raisexl  a  force  in  the 
_•    Afghan    province    of     Badak-han. 
where  he  ljv.-d  in  exile,  killed  the  goven 

i  capt  ured  the  citadel  of  ( 'hit  ral 
;>ri-e.    The  tiew  usurper  won  the  aff< 
of  the  Chitralis  by  dispensing  munificently  the 
-d  treasure  of  old  Aman-ul-Mulk:  but  he 
was  not  accept  able  to  the  British,  baring  at( 
power  with  the  heir,  of  the  Afglmi. 

Tor  further 

fore  set  free  their  pri  .tm-ul-Mnlk.  and 

enabled  hn  (hit  ral   with   I 

cruited  in  tJilgit.  siij.portinjr  liirn  with  I'.riti-h 
troopa,  whieh  moved  upon  Yasin  and  perma- 
nently 'hat  province.  Sh«-r  Af/ul, after 
a  single  brush  with  the  invaders,  fled  back  to 
Afghanistan  and  was  interned  at  Cabul. 


Baring  established  Ni/am.ul-Mulk  upon  the 

Chitm  '.inM.li,  wh.,  arm«l  in  Januanr. 

1808.     lie    remained    in   t»,,-  <*,.iul    t. 
Bfptamber   '  .    *.ilrfl  and    IAM    ran  red  h  - 

.artem  to  Ma*tuj,  i 

was  popular,  and  after  he  eame  back  a* 

••  English  and  the  betrayer  of 

th.-  ,»!..  leal   todV  ;•  DMi  i  •  f  UM    •   nrtn 

led  a  lonely  life,  having  no  pleasure  but  hunt- 

ing ami  hawking.     OB  Jan.  1.  1805,  he  was 

murder,,!   at   the  instance  of  hi*  half  brother 

il-Mulk.  a  young  roan  of  nineteen.  who 

ir  and  asked   1 

l-pened  to  he  in  Chitrml  with  a 
HiiuM  i-f  «  •  recognUe  him  a*  the 

porised.  nt. 

niit!i\  .i.i!..-r.-nt*  or<  btsiood  \  •  \  ski  ra   ntt  n. 

n   pur- 

sued    a    t-a  onquest.  aided    an 

sotborttk 

nisheu  him  with  modern  arm*  ami   milit.i 

•rs,  invaded  ('hitral.  '  whiea  h.- 

had  annexed  to  hi*  dominions  some  yean  ' 
pr  bobh  hfcati  VM*  tfotttd  bj  in  ir  ,;  N!  .  .;.. 
who  had*  married   hi 

IB]    00    •  .•.!;>!.!.>  •     ::.    thil    :i  i     n.|  •  U  Dl     fl  HBf 

man.  summoned  Shi  M  CabuJ  to  join 

.  llintf  the   Hrs- 

lo    M     Mrhtnr 

rmm  Kha  ,  nucceeBful  Uttl,-  with  tl,,- 

Chitm  .n.  25,  and    laid  siege    to    th. 

of  50  men  had  come  down  from  Mantuj  t 
tect  tho  British   n-.i.i-  n  Jan.  HO  ! 

»n«l    iv|x»rt  in    rejrard  to  the  nuccewion 

.  Arrived  with  150Otirkha  tn«opt  and  88 

ued    a    few 
weeks  later  by  anoth«>r    hun.ln-.l.  making  841 

• 

mi.  I   r  ila   Droah, 

thinU  «-f 

Pathan 

army  of  3.000  men,  of  whom  500  had  Snider 

nn.l  Martini   nfl.-.  in  th.-   mi-i  ruary. 

the  wine  time  Sher    Af/ul.    wh- 

ibul  had  permitted  to  escape  at  this 

:n  t  ho  earn  |  •  <-f  I"  mm 

who  receivexi  him  with  oiwn  arms  and 

usacandi  -throne  as 

• 


&  Robertson,  the  politi 
ha.  i  btsn  ordered  to  • 


»a.s  j 
il.  who 


K>r«reign 


f..rtrvv«  nt  Chit  nil.  whirh 

wa.-« .  i,.s,-u  mTested    Th.-  [ndi  m  •.     ,-•••.•• 

••«)  troops  to  Chitrml  fn-ir. 
thin!  «>f   the  jrarn-««n    that   wan  k« -\ 

i  the  whole  frontier,  and  prepared  to  send 
PemhawTir, 
~*\.  nearer  than 

.  but  thi-  route  went  over  n  *nowy  pea«» 
10,000  feet  high,  the  one  I'mrn  Khan's  arrnr 
ha.l  traversed.  While  arrangements  were  being 
made  for  this  difficult  march,  warning  wa*  wnt 


• ,  son 
tolas  tribes  Urine 


I  :  •     mymf  *•• 
Hpon  Chitrml   trr- 

in  the  town  of 
(hitral  and  was  received  a*  M' 

while    Arnir-ul-Mulk  took 
refuge  with  th«-  ••**.    Copt 


* 

::  nfai  •  -•  h  ;  •  sj 
9  flre  the  gun  tower  on 
i  carried  oat  s>  general 
fort,  in  repelling  whfck 


Baird  1.-.I  »ut  a  rsoonnoHsring  party  on  March  8. 

that  the  whole  place  was  in  the 

he  was  taken  in  the  rear 
his  way  back  with  heavv  low.     II, 

a  major  of  the  imperial 
sepoys,  while  ('apt. 

March  8  the 

tempted  to  Ore  the  water  tower,  bat 
"n  Mar.!.  14  they  assailed  the 

lied.    On  April 

v  occupied  a  summerhouse  in  the  garden 
'  the  guntowar. 
•-«•  tower  and  sat 

it  on  flre.  and  at  the  same  time  attempted  to 

destroy  the  water  wsy  by  which  the  garrison  was 

Mipplied   with  wat.-r  from  the  river.    The  do» 

ri  finally  •  ut  not  without 

suffering  heavy  losses  in  killed  and  wounded. 

-*ieger*  were  armed  with  excellent  rifles* 

and  displaced  wonderful 

renewed  their  at  ten 

llth 
attack  on  all  sides  of  the  fort,  in 

:..bertson  was  badly  wounded.    The  be- 
sieger* advanced  then  with  regular  siege  works, 

the  officers  in  the  fort  de- 
cided on  a  sortie.    Lieut,  llorley  led  a  bayonet 
.  bam  ...,;•.'•  ;  ••  •   •  :  sjfl    •   *?••  r  adai 
perate  fight  at  close  quarters,  and  blew  up  the 
enemy's  mine.    The  garrison  lost  8  men  killed 

I  wounded,  w 

killed,  morv  than  half  of  them  with  th. 
not.    In  the  mean* 

ing  from  both  the  north  and  the  south,  and  on 
April  18  Sher  Afsul  raised  the  siege  and  with 
drew  with  hi*  force*  to  Kala  1  trash. 

jtarrifon  at  Mastal  800  strong,  endeav. 
ored  to  keep  up  ffMHffniiirfatH*f  with  Oritral 
While  on  their  war  to  that  place  Ueut  Fowler 

-ut.  K.lw aides  were  besieged 

•itral.  After  resisting  for 
termittent  a!  tack*  of  the  tribe*- 
It  officer*  and  9  sepoy 

captured  and  taken  a*  prisoner*  to  Sber  Afxul 
at  ('hitral.  and  afterward  to  I'mra  Khan's  heat! 
.mart,  r«  at  Barwa,    They  were  treated  well  by 
the  chief,  who  ft  nail  v  releawd  them  to  save  their 
lives  from  his  own  fanatical  follow. 

\     :    -..      -    •-  '       '71    -.-     -      :.:.'.,;• 


haeteejedoo  from  MaetaJ  tonne 

1  I    It    IE.  I   i— JL  I— i  iii   RJM! 

InMf  attacked  nrH  r>*m^  annthi 

oaFeb.t  iaadeAknearKaragt  

iy,  outnumbering 


•..'.:<.".•:   •-- 

ocking  down  men  in 
the  rank*.  Lieut.  Jones,  who  wat  wounded,  re- 
totaled  u>  Booi  with  only  14  men  left,  and  ro- 
•eiatil  there  until  he  waa  relieved  a  week  later 
hvadetarhmn. 

MBdhwa  M| 

•rot  nC  pioneer 

Utral  to  relieve  the  preerare  on 
in  MastuJ  and  Chitral  and  avert,  if 
ng  aiminst  British  au- 
and  Taain  and  the  do- 
•trwlioe}  of  the  4  military  poate  held  by  fewer 
than  *•  nwn.    OoL  Kelly  £0111  from 
on  March  31  with  400  pineien  and  t  mountain 
ihixr  the  font  w 


B^ahAk^.KhanofTunX*1 
CV,  BarrodaOaflMmeded  in  making  a  road 

•      -. 
iwaovwvd  aodaep  with  enow  as  to  he  imprao- 

•nne  w«r«  earned  on  the  ahouideri  of  men.  As 
the  expedition  deeeended  into  the  valley  of  chit- 
ral  the  eoemy  were  found  posted  at  Oiakalwat 
and  other  pfaeca.  Their  Doeitions  were  turn.nl 
ikedtbem  from  the 


crags  above  and  cleared  the  Hangar*,  or  stone 
breastwork.^,  with  tin-  ai<l  <>f  the  artillery, drir- 
in   prrcipitat«-  lli^'hl  d.-wn  the 
\v)ii<  h  ..|M-ncd  the  way  to 
n  pounded,  and 
•  of  85  killr-l  i 
woundnl.     The  first* ilm 
"ii  tin-  same  day,  April  0,  and  halted  th<  n  tin-,.,. 
days  for  the  rest  of  the  force  to  coin* 
second  engagement  took  place  when  the  march 
was  resumed.  MohamnW  I *a  held  a  strong  posi- 
tion at  against  6J 
advanced  to  tho  nttark  :  Ixit  with  th.-ir  i:un-  th<> 
Brit  inh  cleared  the  road  and   hen« 
enoountered  no  opposition,  and  on   April    'JO 
reached  Chit  ml. 

A  part  of  the  re-enforcementa  were  sent    \-\ 
the  Maharajah  of  Cashin  Mizerain  of 

Chitral,  Iwlongring  to  tli.-  ii  •  r.-.p- 

he  held  at  the  disposal  of  his  su/ 
The  Ameer  of  Afghanistan,  who  was  ready  to 
role  over  ChlfcraJ  and  tin- state* 

that  I'lnni  Klian  Im-: 

of  hi«  army  to  the  frontier  to  v.  orders 

interjK»H<'  unli-**  tin-   Indiiui  (Joverninrnl 
decided  t<»  withdraw  from  the  country  HI 
rnit  thr  Afghans  to  come  in.  Indian 

•.  -A          :   •     •        -.••-.'.  ..-  •  _•  -hat   •:,-• 
Chitralis  at  least  would  find  Afghan  rule,  as  irk- 
as  it  prove*]  to  tin  ir  neighbors  of  Wakhan, 


liffe  Tx>w  start* 
expeditionary  force  on  Af>ril  1.  no  satisf 

•*-cn  received  from  I'mra  Khan. 
A  metalled  road  was  constructed,  and  the  rough 
stair*  that  served  as  a  path  over  the  Malakand 


pa**  were  converted  into  a  road  for  camel*  and 
•lit I  Yusuftaift 

ish  column*   in  «.  -..r.l   wtth   I'mra   Khan,  who 
but  wait  M.  ' 


tribesmen  from  Dir  whom  Gen.  Low  bad  Uken 
"  service  and  wnt  ahead  in  all  hart*  to 


now  the  stage.    SbarAfn. 

•  fa  a  rlii   nalt.  :  ,->.     -   -  •,'.  .    , 

ptMM]  tt   toMs*   •    -    v-         .    ,. 


Manki.    Tbel 

gadM  to  the  St. 
with  a 

be  beifhU  with  t 

•  ;•  *ui, 


is*  point  it' 

sent  one  of  his  thn . 

taaj  f  .  adhmfaa,  a-i.ii- 

•  ;..    1 1 .  .1  •  A , ,;  i,     bahiod 
i.  tad  iw«  i  tag  Iki  r.  id 


.    ,. 

-      M.,    K  :.,-       '    I'.:        i:      :-.,•,      ,• 

arrived  bafore  Get 

acre  with  the  advanced  guard  of  Gen.  Low's 
force  had  oroawdth.  l»«araipaai   The 


Tha  total  ooat  of  lha 


aatabliahad  m  maataft 
.r-ul-MuJk 


mad  when-  ll  MM!  placed 

:•  f-  M  i,  ud  vhan  tistj  t.  rrtiUd  Ifc 


troopa  by  rolling  pieoeeof  r  IIMIU 

t  hoy  were 
takni   in  the  Hank   l.v   the  Guide  Corpa,  when 

nixl    fought    niiotber  »har]»   lxr  ti    wa« 

by   a    daubing    t-a  ^    ..f    th. 

Guide*.     Over  the  river  a  trestle  bridge,  suc- 
ceeded later  bv  a  permanent  sutnenakm  > 

was  built  ii 

•k  Thana  fort,  where  a  I  I'liirn 

•iiniaii'l.  'is  ninl    Ila- 

ion  and  se 


submission  and  settl.  .  and  I'mm 

Khan  n  dwindlrd   u*   thr   British  ad- 

vanced,    on  April   i:i  thr  (Juid.-s  wrrv  attacked 
».v  •»,.  an  my,  and  Col.  Kattye,  thfl  oomma&dinfl 
officer,  was  kill. -I.     Thr  f..n-.-  n-trrat.-d.  but  re- 
sumed the  advance  aim..  Th. 
second  brigade  attacked  I>ir.  raptur 
by  storm,  with  the  garrison  and  ita  oommandar, 
I'mra  Khan's  I                     hammed, 
gain,-                                   the  Khan  <  f   I»r   in 

tral. 

I'mra  Khan's  force,  red  need  to  000  men.  of- 
fered alight  resistance    t<  lx>w'» 

Advanced  to  Mianka! 
cipal  town  of  lUiaur.  «kirmi«hrd  w  it  h  th« 

attack 

Muii-i  .  :t  ;  but    thrv    found   it    dr- 

•;i  Khan  evacuating  thr  r<>untry  with 
all  hi>  in.  ii.    H,  thn-w  himaau upon  t hr  i 
rr  at  Cabul.  who  npl 

him  the 


i  and 
The  l!nit»h.  being  now  amhlH» 

him  off  t<>  India  as  a  prisoner  of 
.  <•  they  art  up  his  brother  SMa. 
ul-Mulk.  who  was  only  nine  years  old.  but  was 
the  last  remaining  legitimate  son  of  Aman-ul- 
Mulk.  Shrr  .\f/ul  waa  captured  with  his 
brothers  and  thrown  into  prison. 

>1  «a*  mad*  the  subject  of 

a   long  controversy  bv  the   Indian  stslasmsa 

and  strategists.     The  Indian  Government  onV 

cials  and  thr  army  officers  in  India  generally 

favored  its  retention,  although  this  would  re- 

'  he  building  of  a  road  over  the  mountains 

and  entail  an  addition  of  S.OOO  man  to  the  peace 

in  army  and  a  narssanawl 

in.  mm  -  '  fJ^M.-.  ...  ••  .    n  :    ..v    i    .    j.  •        ;  :.. 

raaton  that  a  Britiah  garrison  waa  originally 

pbesd  in  Chitral  was  that 

made  a  reconnoisssnce  in  the  northern  Dart  of 

.  war  between  Great  Britain 
:  i»ia  a  small  force  could  cross  the  Hindu 

Ktivl,  Ht  thi*  t..ii,t  and  start  a  rebellion 
the  Britiah  rule  in  Cashmere  and  the  i 

ft  untn.v       >.  M    of   t!:,     !>/   -•. 
were  now  convinced  that    Chitral  was 'of  no 
jical  value,  but  that,  having  once  estab- 
lished themselves  there,  the  British  could  not 

,  •  ,  •>..-. 
»i,.ng  u,  whoV  Craotki  IV 
men  continued  to  attack  the  Britiah 

iblished  in  the  country,  and  the  Ub- 


tnent  decided  to  withdraw  aa 
it  ion  could  be  carried  oat  ooHsstavsV 
and  safety.    To  bold   Chitral 
it  a  permanant  road  from  Pashawur  was 
•  •i:t  .  f  the  question,  and  mich  a  road  could  not  be 
built  and  k.  pt  .  j^-n  without  brmking  faith  with 

• 

Miram-r  that  no  occupation  of  their  country  was 
njbjugat  ing  those  tribes, 

' 
MunrrwaK  inimWring  over  60.000  fi. 

hjytand  having 
resign. -I   without  taking  any 


-  wrongdoing,  but  ao'onlnl  him  the  boa- 

I.      Hr 


gave  him  tw<>  \  illacr-.  but   --n  (Complaints  from 
plannl  him  under  guard. 

reached  Mastuj 
A  In.  h  had  been  closely 
inve^iNl   f,  r   •    _     •    •     -law     H.   poaM     '      : 

approached   Chitral  simultaneously  with  soma 


carry  out  thrir  decision,  their 

v«  more  study  to  the  . 

nump  thr    military  occupation  of 

Chitral.     They  decided  to  retain  the  country. 

mmrnt  that  the  army 

would  not  be  increased  and  that  only  one  native 
regiment  »  he  garrison  pre» 

vSosiy  ported  in  Gilgit  and  Chitral.  native  levies 
being  'depended  upon  to  guard  the  road  between 
Kfla  Drosh  and  the  Swat  nror.  for  which  a 
shorter  and  easier  route  wa*  found  than  that  fol- 
l.-witl  l.\  <i,-n.  I.  w*a  •  xpedh  i..  Ai  -  •  • 

•..-;-.-...•  .-•-•-.---,  .     :.      .      - 


AI.A! 


of  U» 


U»  Kfca*  of 


tnraK 

-..     ' 


f 


.      IfylBif 

U»  ooufttrr  in  January.  I8M,  and  -I-  • 
tl»  tfllar-  M<Uwillo'ie 


1 
oppnvdthe  British  oc- 

TV  «  fired  M|*°n 


lUiishH  by  the  destruction  of  thnr 
and  liMoonAsnUion  of  their  cattle. 


I  the  AM  that  WM  inipossd  U|H  .11 
„  **d  up  their  T 

dk  of  February  WO  mto  of  the  bord 
•Dtorbamao.h*lf  w.i 


X!        . 


in,  half  «ar  to  the  Persian 

\ ' '  •  •  . 
.1  in  the  line 


fterthe  northern  •*•• 
I. Hint  I ^ram, on  the  north • 
fariristan.  had  been  demarcated 
U»e*S»smissionsn  returned  to  India  in  April. 

ALABAMA,  A  Southern  State,  admiti 
the  t'ttkm  Dfe,  14.  1819;  area,  52.250  square 
•Os«.t  The  population,  according  to  each  d.- 


MUO?in  1860;  99*j998  in  1870 

:  ;         *•-....,    • ..:. 


-The  following  wer, 
the  year:  Governor,  William  C. 
of  state,  James  K.  Jackson; 

I'uri- 

«ty  General,  William  <'.  Fitt- 
r  of  Agrieulturr.  II.  h.  Une:  Superin- 
of  Public  Instruction,  John  <».  Turn.r; 
Adjutsrt  Gewral.  Charles  P.  Jones:  •  h-.,f  .!„«- 
.      ••    i:      ••  •     i:-    kaD; 
ssN.MH  l.llan.Thomat 
a  Head,  and  Jonathan  liar- 
A -ond-all  Democrats. 

••.••.:  '         '      ' 


*  oa  Oct.  1. 1894.  was  99JJ99.400,  of  whirl, 
MM99  are  nayahfe  ou  July  1. 1906.  and  $054.- 
ou  Jan.  1.  1990.  Under  act  of  the  Legisla- 
ture thm  outstanding  bonds  may  be  increased 
by  $»«JOO  to  exchange  for  old  bonds,  as  fol- 
low :  (WOT  A.  hoods  bearing  4  pur  cent,  interest 

•MV  C^rXboud.* £  «*5  ^52*'  $!95f" 

All  bonds  due  in  l£*  were 
fe  MM:  those  due  in  1990  were  issued  to 

•--•    ; 


January.  1895.  Oof. 
••.r 
of  UM  State  there  were  liabilities 

,  •    :- 
of  the 
«rsity  tor  which  the  latter 

of  UM 
•uuuiiil  of  the -s 

$1J91.770;  and  principal  of 


00& 


with  the  State  by  the  United  States 

joct  to  be  called  for  at  any  time,  on 

'„•  rapport  of  thr  public  schools,  $660,- 
The  (Jovrrnor  oifta   tho  \#^ 

rund   law.   b>    «hi.-li   the 

KtingnJihud,  and  to 

id  thr  refunding  act  so  that  thr  bond- 
b«  Subject    to  ca  mpti..n    af'.r   I 

•  •  .  ,'  M.  lodi  atad  measures  \\hirh.  in 
!.-.-  judgment,  would  reduce  the  aggregat<  in- 

4''d  by  $140.(HK)  |KT  annum. 
\  .i I  ii.it  IOIIH.— The  total  assessed  valuation  of 

m  the  Stale  in  1894  was  > 
:.   thr   tax    rate   was  5  mills,   and    thr 
amount  of  taxe*  $1,217,281.    The  assessed  \alu- 
in   ISM  nii,..untr.|  to  $260,179,690,  and 
x.s  to  $1.302,478,  also  on  a  5-inill   rate. 
In  1891   taxable  property  reached   it-   1 
valuation    in    the    history   of   the    State 

.  and  in   1W«  thr   |  fci  wrrr  the 

i:.inkin-.  I"   thr   la-f    imb 

•,ited  States  OomptroUer  «.f  thr 

furreiiey.    Alabama    had.   on    <  ' 

lubined    capital    was 

$8,604,000:  amount  of  I'nitcd  States  b-.nd-  h-  Id 
to  secure  <  irmlation,  $1,108,500;  excess  of  such 
bonds  beyond  requirement.  $878,  unt  of 

ud'c.iin  certificates  held,  $594,869  : 

issued    for   circulation,   $7,085.860;    redeemed, 

outstanding.  $1  ;  and   loan. 

and   discounts,   $6,888,466.      The    State   banks 

numbered    11.  and    had    a   combined    capital   of 

•598,400,  resources  of  $1,213,108,  depot 
$840.889,  and  Mirplus  and  undivided  profits  of 

I'hrrr    \v,-re   4   savings   bank-. 
r.,inbined  capital  of  $880,000,  re-  '  $855,- 

480,  deposits  of  $868,051,  and  surplus  and  prof- 
its of  $64."'  private   banks  had 
capital  ,,f  $487,500,  resources  of  $1,042,515,  de- 
posits of  $4.50,242,  and  surplus  and  profits  of 
v    -  ::.'. 

I  ducat  Ion.— The    State    appropriation    for 
public  schools  is  about  $500,000  per  annum, 

poll  tax,  which  if  fully  oo 
make  the  amount  about  $750',000.     Th.- 
Governor,  in    a   special    message  in   .lanuarv. 
euDad  attmtion  to  thr  State's  indebtedness  to 
the  school  funds,  reviewed  the  condition  of  thr 
various  institutions, and  urged  thr  impon 
a  specific  rate  of  taxation  lor  schools,  to  be  sep- 
arate from  other  State  taxes, belirvii 
taxation  would  bo  met  more  willingly  by  1 1. 
pic  when  they  could  see  just  how  much  they  were 
•mil  purposes  and  how 

much  from  th«-  rvricral  fund  as  interest  on  thr 
school  trust  funds.   The  following  are  the  appro- 
priations for  the  principal  institutioi 
tural  and  Mechanical  College  at  Auburn,  $ . 
normal  college  for  whites  at  Florence,  $7,500 ; 
nonnnl  college  for  whites  at  Troy,  $:: 
mal  college  for  whites  at  Jacksonville.  * 
normal  college  for  white  girls  at   Livingston. 
$2.500:    normal    college    for    the    colored    at 
Montgomerr.   $?..VKI:    normal   college    f. .r   He- 
at Huntsville,  $4.000;  and  the  normal 
1    -kegee,  $3,000. 

the  State  appropriations,  the  Agrkul- 
and  Mechanical  College  receives  annually 
from  the  congressional  land  grant  under  the 


Al.Ai 


ALA 


Morrill    Ull    »»xml    $11,000;    the  agricultural 

<   annual.  about 

normal  vchouU  recrivr  annu- 
ally    fr  HI    aittfrtv 

- 


la  •**».  of  that  of  I8H.  which  was  UM  largest 

pruductjot,  in  UM  history  of  i 

"...'.,    I    .:.     l-.l          \..     '     .  .  ..'.•. 


fer».  a   total   ,,f 


.in  the  Mornll  fund.  $8,000 
US,  an.l    t..  .  A 

K'-OI,  Dee.  81. 1808.  the  total  sin- 

• 
3.643-39     The  railnwt 

m  in- 
vestment in  roadbed 

r  intm-i  ..n  bonds  over 
and   had  net  earnings  of  nearly 


...-*-, 

(otto.  ..4  WeVkea  Hlllv    A. 
and  wo 


' ,       • 


•i,  H  *han  -,-.-,  in   \.  -.     >••-,        ,    .      . 

AlaUma  had  86  mills,  <M 

•ii,  -.  j.:v,  fa  n. v  mA  ni  mm     i  *.-.•>•• 

t.ad    a  m; 

I  bi  km  ••••"•  r.  •..:     i-  ••'»••    H       •    .      . 
which  was  capitalist*!  at  fflflO.OOO.  and  ba« 
000  spindles  an«i 


and  7at  from  $800,000  to  $100.00 

the  mills  then  in  operation,  11  other* 
w.-r.-  Urn-  matnsoftad  OM  «•  QdUan  •    • 

:       •     i      .:    '  •  -     .'       :•.'  — 

•    •    .      .,;,.':,      i       ,'••..-!:  •    •      -. 

longing  to  Massachusetts  corporations, 

tblr  XsBOfar  the  fiscal  year 

/UsAanM  ruUtMiUiiid  among  the  Statat  tn  UM    rertow  ajpajajad   pUynMI  '•  •    •      ' 

I90j§a;  to- 
ons, or  1  -  .^.31 :  fermented  liquors.  $88.451.4* : 
|.n«lu«  tion  of                          i  tea,  valued    oleomargarine,  $5.609.60;  and  t<«alti0s,$l  JStt.- 

The  same  sonraes  yielded  a  t.^ 


I  I..    In.  M   I  mlii-li  »  . 


.'40.W5.    0  Ml.  1.188388  t- 

TV-  19  per  cent.,  wa*  • 
ton*,  or  80*81   per  cent..  In-own  h.-imitit. 

clow  to  the  coal  basin*,  it  ha*  so  far  made  no 

Bessemer  pic  iron,  the  ore*  ex; 

rus.    The  Average  value  of  thi- 
ns in  1894  waft  88  cents  a  ton,  somewhat 

l«w  tl-.  preceding  year,  but  greater  at- 

i  was  being  paid  to  the  grading  of  ore 
:  fnnmivH.  Manganese  ores  are  found  in 
.rphre,  -s  n  n  50  to  150  feet  abore 

.1  Orange  sandstone.     Dr. 

.to   geologist,  believe*  that 

the  great  i.ulk  ..f  these  ores  will  ».-•  foun.i  in  t  h.- 

.  ..n  th-  iiorthw.-st   ,„!.•  of  fed 

liscoveries  so  far  made  are 

Ml:  HII.I  that  prolmbl)  the 

yet  undisrm.  rv.l.     ! 

ulroad  ('• 
oeired  a  telegram  from  the  Carnegie  Steel  Com- 

llmt    5.0.  N. 

of  low  Kilicon  :•  \!abama  red  ore, 

had  been  thoroughly 
-  in  every  respect  su 

iu  of  the  same  grade  WAS 

<  experiment  rrmor* 
•i  lake  steel  from 
' 
uarr  red  ore  —  n 

°.»5  was  expected 

•-••  output  of  •  -ar.  as 

the  mines  were  U-ni^-  -h.-ir  utmost  to 

••  funiAf<>*  and  inilU  writ* 
tnd  the  railnwl*  f< 
•*upplv  car*  for  th««  pntli 
(  mil. 

in   <MoU>r.   1S1>.",.  thnf.  fr.-i- 
!«iee  estimates  on  the  pro. 

November  and  December,  the  output  of  ^ial  for 
the  year  would  be  6,000,000  tons  or  750,000  tons 


*..iin-.--  >:•• 

719.88  in  the  fiscal  year  ending  Jane  80, 
Then  >«4  was  47. 

of  whi.-i,  UNI  « 

mfaHoMofdM    idapb  •-  S  M  B    irr 

••nt.-.|  li«|uors, 

jr.-  retK>rte«l  as  follows  on  thr 
•ps  of  1804:  ( 
'.311    busheU,  value 

oats,   871.996    acres,    4JMC. 

$2.504.277;  rye,  8.145  acres,  88^80  hashek,  valor 

tons,  raj  ..   *i  -.v,-,r,    •     .      .  .     *.-     .-,,  r.. 

Tl..     HUM    a  ."     r   •-.    ..-.-•.••.         ••-.-;       ' 

the  year  as  885,746  bales,  and  thr  N 

...i  i  ,  .  | 

LIT*  Stock.-In  January.  1880.  the  Unitad 
States  Department  of  Agricultun  estimated  thr 
number  and  value  of  farm  animals  in  th< 

due$5.ttMM; 
J  value,  $86,088,057. 


litlral.-At  a  conference  in 

was  decided  that  the  Populist* 
sjiJTothe 


other  anti- 


\  I  \ 


^  \  as  Alaska 

wascetle*!  by  RuncU  to  the  Tnitcd  States  hi  a 
-oocludrd  March  80  and  proclaimed  June 
20.  1867.  in  consideration  of  the  payment  of 

Be«darli*.-The  main  body  of  the  Terri- 

tory  in  bounded  on  the  eaM  by  the  one  hundred 

and  fom  fiiM   meridian,  on  the  north  by  the 

Ocean,  on  the  west  by  Bering  Sea  and 


UVAQ  •  •cmc 
then-   ..^.m,..* 


The  boundary 
Alaaka  b  defined 

•vat  Britain, 

•  at    !  aV 

.    •• 

,  -.,.  .,-  . 
•      •    ......    -, 


....    ... 

•    •    ••       .-.-  ,  .    . 


• 

a«  far  a*  the  point  of 
forty-flue  CMC? 


i«  AJ^M  tW  ^^i  M^at  of  taaanaetlaBi  aVa  said  aaariaV 
&  wS  ?£^£TteM  and  fony.an*  dspea. 
in  »»  a i iiinntahna  a»  fcr  as  tbe  fttiaan  ocean,  shall 


and  British  pos- 

•    •      .    --,  ,... 

...... 


undaratood-l.that  the 
of  Wale,  bland  shall  belong 

b:  1  that  wherever  the  »unm 

in  a  direction  parallel  to  the 


.—The  ATM  of  Alaska,  a«  nearly  M  can 
Mted.  it  578.000  square  mile*,  over  eleven 
tea*  •*  large  as  U»  8tat 
••orral  COM!  HIM  b  4,000  mile*  lot.. 

'•..-..-    :,  .'     ..-.-' 
U>  MMBf»  between  10,000  and    12,000 


b  drained  principal  1  y  by 
t&w  T.koorlTw.  which  rbea  in  the  north  western 

ml 


' 
Md«f 


M  the  Territory  into  two  nearly  equal 
Th*  Yukon  ranks  among  the  great 

.       •   -   -I          -     •  .-. 
a  fofMt-eovarad  country  440,000 

'        '       i!        ',     .    •   -      :-. 

Hoaaa.  1,000  milca  from  ita 
iu  tritaurbe  are  na< 


Kiwak  art  X5*  £S* 

.Baa  north  of  the. 

YaJtoo.  har*  brra  naript«d  by  steam  launchea; 
and  the  Ko»k«fcwim.  flowing  into  Bering  Sea 
•oath  of  th*  Yukon,  drain*  an  arm  of  800,000 
aoaara  mile*,  and  b  aid  to  be  navigable.  Of 
""•fTSi  ^f^  to  »0<lth*rf»  *"d  •outheaaV 

att±Ri*A^ij?ipl!ta  ** 


MonaUlnn.—  The  principal  mountain  systems 
of  Alack*  extend  nlou^  tho  sou  them  coast,  and 
a  partially  Milimcrgedoontiiiiint  i.  >n  <>f  the  same 

§y«ten)  f-'rtus  the  Alnitian  I>l.-i  «  •ulmi- 

n'atini;  iMiintN  of  this  f?re«t  mountain  ln-lt   arc 

•'<->•"  '    -    '...',  ...  (  ai.a.la   .lati- 

M.  .iint 

ma.  18.088  f.-.-t  (latitu.l-   »ii»    17 

:.  thr  fnitcd  Stat.-s. 
X  P**k»»  aeveral  «>f  which  an-  mon 
than  15,000  feet  hiu-h.  roinhinc  with  thr  lofty 
-iiiniiiiis  just  named  t«>  inakr  t  i 
the  moat  rugged  and  inaccessible  on  th. 
nent     Mount  Logan,  named  in  honor  of  the 
first  director  of  the  Geological  Survey  <•' 
ada,  is.  so  far  aa  now  known,  th.-  hjinaat  peak 
in  North  America.    Its  near-  M  ri\nl  i-  M<>unt. 
Orizaba.  Mexico,  \\hi-h   is  I.,-  :<K)  and 

18,800  foot  high.     A  l"fty  peak  west 
in  about  latitude  68*  :M)  and 


is  reportetl  l>y  tin-  f  n  wh«» 

have  seen  it  to  rival  Mount  St.  Klias  in  eleva- 
tion. 


.  —  The  only  a<tivc  volcanoes  in  the 
United  States  ar  lea.     In  t!.. 

archipelago  (where  Sitka  is  siiuati-.i  .  on  the 
Alaskan  i-nin-ula  ami  on  th«-  Aleutian  1-lan.ls. 

.in-    many   mountains    of    rrn-nt    volcanic 
origin,  al-out   10  of  which  I  .11  .  ruption 

'ic  purchase  of  the  Territory.     S..\,ra|  ,,f 
these—  as  Shbhaldhv  on   the  i>lan«l  of  Cniniak; 
Makuskm.  on    I'lialnskii   island  :    ai. 
on  a  small   inland   of  the  same   name,  nl 
miles  west  of  1'nalaskn—  are  (xmstantly  emitting 

steam,  and  occasionally  have  a  violent   erujition. 
Recent  examinations  have  shown  that  M. 
Rlias  is  not  volcanic,  hut  •  nirin  to  the 

upheaval  of  a  block  of  I!H  t  hounded 

by  fractures. 

i.lari.TH.—  The  glaciers  of  Alaska  are,  with 
•  •ption  of  those  of  Grernlaiid,  the  largest 
and    most    instructive    in    the    northern     h«-ini- 
The  great  glacier  system  to  which  they 
•uth  in  the  Ili^h  Sierra  of 
riiia,  in   about    latitude   :{?  .   and   extends 
northward  along  the  Cordilleras,  through  west- 
-outhi-rn  Alaska  to  the  western 
extremitv  of    the    Ala-Kan    p.-nin-u!. 
braces  also  some  of  the  Aleutian  Mand-.    This 
belt  of  snow  fields  and  glaciers,  8,000  i 
reaches  its  greatest  development  in  t 
region,  where  the  mountains  for  80  miles  inland 
fr-.m  the  coast  are  literally  buried  beneath  vast 
n/»V*.  or  snow  fields,   from    which   strcarnlike 
glaciers  of  the  same  type  as  those  < 
land  flow  both  north  and  south.    Those  fl- 
tout  h  are  tniifh  the  larger,  and  In  ances 

hare  a  length  of  over  50  miles.  Many  of  the 
ftouthward-flowing  glaciers  reach  the  sea,  and, 
breaking  off,  send  thousands  of  icebergs  afloat. 
The  best  known  of  these  tide-water  glaciers 

Taku    inlet    and   Glacier  Bay.  at 
Tbited  erery  MMimn-r  by  hundreds  of  tourists. 
Much  largpf  gla/  1-  r-  of  'the  same  type  oc« 

'  \  .  •  •.-  Bayt  250  miles  weal  ofOkv 
cier  Bay.  Still  fart  her*  west,  about  the  base  of 
Mount  St.  Klias,  the  alpine  glaciers  from  the 
north  unite  on  a  plain  adjacent  to  the  sea,  and 
form  a  plateau  of  ice,  known  as  Malaspina  gia- 
nt is  1.500  square  miles  in  area,  and  not 
leas  than  1,500  feet  thick.  The  outer  or  seaward 


11 


lV.lin.-M  laaajMtl  !•••**< 

and  earth,  on 


Uj  covered  w 
dense  f  oreeu. 
The  mow  line,  or  love*  limit  of 


•jov.totfceat  UM  Nfta  h  tori  MOOfeel 

al"\«    t.'i-     »«  a        H«  -     w    '.'..     -!.     A    .,',.-     .:.    -.::.::..:. 

!ii»uii(itin  »imr  ami  ever    island 


forests  are  dense.   Tbe  trees  are  frequently  fine, 
BJM]  paajl  *  •....-••     '   :  v.  ?..-       f,  -  .  . 

fens*  Md  •  Di  I  !•!  ^'-    ••    H*    •.::.'•:    .   : .      •     . 

ground  u  deeply  covered  with  tnoss  and  luxurt- 


.   iiiuuntajn  i|»ur  and  every 

glOWth  Of  bril- 
liant alj>in«  flowers. 

ntml  an  .  Alaska  glacier*  are 

absent ;  but  beneath  the  forests  in  • 


The  majority  of  the  treee  are 
h  t  epeeieajbe  Aettte  aad  tbe  Meftaaa. 


tiat,aiid  under  tin-  luxunani  IIM*^ 

flat,  ewampjr  lands,  known  a»  tundra*,  ttiat 


for  the  beauty  and  dur» 

:  •       ,,       *     .     .    '...•,  .      •    ,      -;- 


TOMB  OF  AH  ALAttAV 


fr-.i.j. 


,-  So» 
the  soil  is  always  froxen. 


J'i 

The  d. 
is  known  in  some  instances  to 


«•  Xi-i-f-l    'JlH»    f.'.  V 

-t-          southeastern  Alaska  the  upper 

nt  an  awvajtioii  oi  4jOOO  feet*  but  It  decreeeei  In 
wed  westward  along  the 

ase  of  Mount  >• 

1.500  f,-,  t.  an.l  it  n«ches  sea  level  on  t).. 
knn    nonin.itilA.      K.xlmk    :-!nn.i.   t!  . 
Islands,  ami  A  t  .U.ut   100  miles 

-«-a  an.  I  t  he 

.mini    Mn.   an-    trtvlrw. 
»outhea>  f    the 

>ry  as  far  westward  as  Yak  u  tat  Bar  the 


Alaska,  and 

•     ••,.:   ••', 
i* 


..    •  •  •..- 

the  fore*t«  arr 
few  sawmills  nave  k 
local  demand  for  Inmbrr 

I  r.  '..'  .'.    : 

nt  ral  Alaska, and  espedally  in  the  ntrion 
drained  by  the  Yukon,  the  forests  are  dense,  but 
of  vnall  growt)  ~«es  are  mostlv 

»l»rucr,  and  of  minor  value  for  lumber.    Cotton- 
wood  and  small  willows  grow  along  tbe 
but  hard-wood  trees  arr  wanting. 
Throughout    t); 
including 
-ranl5.  dwarf 


berries— grow  luxuriantly,  and  are  largely 
by  both  the  natives  and  white  inhabitant*. 


ALASKA. 


<1!»aU.-Tb«.    rltmal* 
**t«l  iliiM^i^      In   tit* 

M»»»^ej       *J  I  »  «T»;  »*  i  am^^  IW        »«*V 


of    AUAa 


***  °*  ***  Territory  the  annual  rain- 

aad  to  dtotrtbsjtad  through  otefy  month  of  the 
year.  The  tammer*  arr  «»«•!  ami  humid,  thr 
mild,  with  an  Uiureassil  rainfall  and 
ai  *•  live*.  In  the  mountain*  the 
Ito  siesealri.  OB  the  shores  of  Bering 


with 

Md  Bet  ••ftlll  by  ft***  variation*.     In  I  In-  in- 
tafior.fefwdallv  on  tr  •  ho  rammers  are 

short,  dry.  an.(  hm  :  thr  winters  long  and  ex- 
cold.  hot   the*   snowfall  to  not  heavy. 
•He  southeastern  and  wot  hern 
the  Aleutian  Islands,  although 


• ,-  ..     bi  bag  bo  two 
and  the  Indian.    The 
of  the  Aleutian  Islands  and 
S*e  and  thr 

.  •-...   ••::.    ,-,r- 

A  few  Russians  still  n- 
many  emigrate* I  at  the  time  of 
the  purchase  of  the  %l 
tiros  have  eome  in  contact  with  foreigners  i  IMP 
an-  many  half  bcwds,  Since  the  beginning  of 
American  rule  the  white  population  has  in- 

>:«•    .•:   .      •  ,. 


*   mtimated   that   since  1800  the  white 
pprftH-t  has  been  incrcmsed  about  1,000  by 
buDlffaats,  most  <»f  whom  are  miners  that  have 
mn  and  other  mining  camps  or 
fields  on  the  Yukon.    The  prin- 
of the  white  population  ar 
Sttka.  160;  Wrangle,  71 ;  Kadiak. 
rnala*ka.6& 

Ho? msjeat— Alaska  was  w  1  gor- 

from  the  time  of  its  purcha* 
ssi  it  was  made  a  *ehril  and  j 
dbtrkt  M  and  the  general  laws  of  Oregon  w-r- 
sHaiiiiUoit   Although  fn^ 

d  toabof*  H  toexpnavly  slated  t  h«t  •  1 1,,  r. 
b*  no  ItfWatiTe  aMfnb'ly  in  said  district, 
•or  thai!  any  delegates  be  sent  to  Congress"; 
b«  m  the  same  act  it  to  referred  to  as  the  "  Ter- 
ritory of  Ales* 
TW  oeVers  for  Alaska,  appointed  by  the  Presi- 


li<iu.>rt<»  In.liftTus  and  several  offenders  in  this 
direction  hare  been  prosed 

Kd  lira  t  ion.—  Schools  for  >><>th  white  and  na- 

Utechil-lr.-n  have  been  established  >>>  th.-  i;K. 
sianQoTernnient.  ())*•  I'mt.  .1  States GoYerninrnt. 
:in-i   various  okvxobai.     In  1H94  there  v. 
dar  schools  and    1    in. In-trial  home  at  (M.-thi- 
kaiit la)  supported  by  the  General  Goyen 
and  80 schools  deriving  their  Hi]>|...rt  \\h..llv<.r 
in  part  from  other  sources.    <  'f  tin-  lattrr  class. 
5  arc  sustained  by  the  Russian  (i<>\<rnn 
bT  th«-  i  K!  of  Russia  ;  1  l.y  tl,,-  i;,,ard  of 

'M  .;••••     •  I  ;       •(«]  Church;  -J  i-v  th.- 

Presbyterian  Board  of  Il-m.    \  .-sisted 

byapj>!  fn.ni  th.  •  mrnt  : 

I  by  the  Sisters  of  St.  Ann;  1  by  the  Catlmli,- 
Church;  'J  i>\  th.-  N..rth  American  <'onn- 
Company  on'  tl..  .    ul  an. I   Si. 

l»y  the   Am.-ri'  V  s\\,-disli 

Mission  Friends:  1  i 

I'nioii;  and  2  l>y  theKusalaO  Chun-h.     Ii. 
schools  57  teachers  were  empln\«l.  and  the  at- 
t. -n. lance  was  about  1,800. 

ri-h.-rirs.     <      |fl  !,.    hiililmt.    herring, 
rulachi'ii  «>r  catidlefish   (a  very  oily  spe< 
smelt)  arc  plentiful   in  the  ocean  waters  of  th«- 
sonth  const,  while  several  species  of  salm> 
trout  alM)tui(l  in  the  river  at  certain  seasons.     In 
1890  the  <at<  h  of  codfish  aggregated  506,000 
fish,  producing  760  tons  of  dried  fish,  valued  at 
$38,000.    The  principal  station  for  thi-  indu-tr\ 
i>  oil  the  Simna^in  Islands. 

atchin^  and   canning  of  salmon  has  be- 
come a  wett-OManind  and   prnfitaMe   indu>tr\. 
Beginning  in  1878  with  a  <-atch  of  ]  ; 
(of  about  100  pounds  each),  it  has  increased  rap- 
idly.    In  1H<)1  800,000  cases  were  shi pi ...; 
ing  an  estimated  value  of  over  $3,000,000.     In 
addition  26,000  barrels  of  salted  salmon 

i.  having  an  estimated  value  of  $200,000. 
In  lol»()  <••  ofi  »almon  eanner:- 

ri  Ka.liak  island  and  ea-t  ward,  and  mop- 
than  4,000 men.  exclusive  ..f  native  fishermen. 
were  employed.  Another  branch  of  tin- fishing 
industry  i-  the  manufacture  of  oil  an«l  fertilizer 
The  Alaskan  Oil  an.l 
moo,  in  1804,  proi 
ring  oil  and  l.OOOi 

barrels  of  salted  herring.  They  also  make  their 
own  barrels  from  Alaskan  timber,  and  pay  an- 
nually atxmt  $20,000  in  wages. 

I  n  rs.— Alaska  is  still  one  of  the  leading  fur 
producing  regions  «,f  the  world.     The  character 
of  the  fur-,  their  numh.  r. ,  t,-.,  from  1881  to  1890, 
is  given  thu-  : 


manuiaeture  <>i  oil  ami  rertllizer 
1  ami  Guano  Company,  at  K 
>roduced  400,000  gallons  of  her- 
00  tons  of  "guan  1.000 


as*. 


bo  mire  the  customary  fees.    ££ 
eBUofforenunentbat'sitka,    ••« 


47  -I- 


•7.7- 

i  :..'.-]'• 


n 

21.814 


i.  --.o. 
anjM 
IO&JM 


10(^70 
•04,700 


In  addition  the  following  fur-bearing  animals 
md  in  Alaska,  and  furnish  large  quanti- 
ties of  nelts.  many  of  which  are  used  in  the  Ter- 
ritory, out  do  not  form  an  important  article  of 
export,  viz^  bear  (polar,  black,  and  brown),  lynx,- 


: 


CP 


Al.A 


14 


ALASKA. 


whalebone,  and  1.000  pounds  of  ivorv ;  total.  *!,- 

:  -.,         -...-:•:;  •-..:•   .   .  f 

of  whalebone,  and  v 


total  « *lur  of  fur*  ahf  ffM»l  fr 

tbr     ! 

I   .         .    x.,.  •-.,»..*»- 


:..-. 


r.  61  which  there  are  ar-. 

Ihnwfbmi 

taat  oFlbr  Burnishes  the  native! 

trwMimitk»of  ftmd.oiLand«kin*  Their 


TlMir 

and  siinilar 


excellent  lecher 
but 


toboofcbtedia*  and  siinilar  fmrfnees. 
far  have  not  bee*  etportcd  fn.m  Ahwka. 
Tfe  to  «•*««  now  confin. 


lor  NUads*  in  Bering  Sea.  where  they  rstort  for 


I 'mil  and 
miles  in  area,  raspeo- 


to  Mala.    The  *rab  return  to  St.  Paul  a 
George  bland*  each  year  ab.  their 

young  an  born  soon  afterward,  and  they  leave 
Main  in  October  and  November.  During  the 
winter  they  live  at  sea  and  journey  as  far  south 
••  the  coatt  of  California. 

The  IMS!  estimates  of  the  seals  that  visited  the 
awl  islands  annually  between  1871  and  1889 
place  their  at  4.ooo.tm  Within  the 

paet  few  rears  they  have  great Ir  diminished, 
'    to  capture  at  «a  bv  poacher 

fed  in  this  occupat  i<  >n. 
•tins  were  taken.     In 
catch  at  sea  was  much 

bland*  are  a  Government  reserve, 
and  are  leased  with  the  privilege  of  taking  a 
certain  number  of  male  seals  over  one  year  old 
annually.    The  lease  of  the  islands  was  held  by 
the  Alaskan  Commercial  Company  f 
1WI. and  since  ISWit has beenlnthe hand 
North  American  Commercial  Company. 

.-aniiei  ions  bas 

Under  the  terms  of  the  contract  with  the 
Commercial  Company  the  lessees  were 
allowed  to  take  100.000  elans  a  year:  under  tbe 
onlract  the  number  that  may  be  taken 
hat  been  reduced.    Tbe  revenues  de- 


1(91  57  vesiels  were  enp 

__^  i^.  ^^i«^^i^  miMMi 

•      '       .    ,  '.  ,-':  . 


rived  by  UM  United  Slates  from  the  leasing  of 
tfce  Waods  betwfeo  1870  and  1800  wenbetween 


tijooojooo  and  taooaooa 

~*£'^^nr^ir'     mmawe)  ^^*^^nfj%^^*» 

Tb*  marked  tlnnmrn  ii 


awl  Wanda, 


in  the  number  of 


toa 


and  Great  Britain,  Which  was  finally  set- 
a  tribunal  of  arbitration  that  sat  in 
thetammerof  18M.  (SeeBnuv 

Tamr*AL_or  AuimuTiox  in  the  -  Annu 

flhalinr.  -         ' 

are  frrqoetitrd  by  whalea,  and  for  several  years 
have  bean  the  field  of  an  important  whaling  in- 
About  00  va*eb  aW  engaged  in  this 


The  product* 
barret  of  oil, 


!H  of  ivory  were  obtained. 
MlBlnf.-Tbe  mining  laws  of  the  (i. 
Government  have  been  ext 

nrmls 

that  have  IH-.-H  fiximl  in  n 
•oonomio  value  are  g< 

coal;  and  gold  a  n«l  -  •>  now 

mined.  rgetl  an.  I  most  profitable  nun.' 

in  operation  >  DM-  Tn-a.lwrll.  ..n  Douglas  island. 
nearly  opposite  .1  ><le  there  worked 

.,  but  is  of  low  grade, 

the  yield  being  $8  to  $4  to  a  ton  of  ore.     In  t  he 

1804,  240,000  tons  of  ore 

iren  crushed,  vieldingfTWy  ......  ,wtth  anel  i-rnfn 

of  $440.000.     This  is  the  largest  quart/  mill  in 
a.  an«l  has  240  stamps. 
r  mines.  Intth  of  gold  and 
;..-,!  in  the  same  regions.    Mining  on  the 
Yukon  river  is   now  confined  to  wa>tmi<;  ^.M 
from  river  gravels.    In  1890  m«n    tlnu. 
miners  were  engaged  in  this  occupation.   Ledges 
of  gold-bearing  quartz  have  been  discovered  on 
the  Yukon,  but  as  yet  no  attempt  has  been  made 
to  work  them. 

The  product  of  the  mines  of  Alaska  for  the 
years  1880  to  1890,  Inclusive,  as  estimated  l>y  the 
Director  of  the  United  States  Mint,  was  :  Gold, 
$4,604,500;  silver,  $27,840. 

Large  deposits  of  coal  exist  at  several  wi.l.-ly 

separated  localities  in  the  Territory  :  l>ut   tip  to 

•  •it!  time  coal  mining  has  not  been  com- 

mercially successful.     Coit-r  is  alsoknoun  to 


exist,  both  as  native  r-opper  and  in  various  eom- 
liinntions.  Imt  has  not    lin-n   successfully  mineil. 
Agrirultiire.  -Nothing  worthy  of  the  name 
of  agriculture  has  as  yet  been  derelo] 
Alaska.    One  of  the  chief  reasons  of  this  i-.  that 

tcntion  of  the  white  population  has  been 
engrossed  by  other  pursuits.  The  climate  is  ex- 
ceedingly humid  on  the  coast,  and  the  mountain- 
ous character  of  the  greater  part  of  the  land 
pn-cludes  •  inning.  Root  crops 

as  potatoes  and  turnips  —  as  has  been  shown  by 
many  experiments,  produce  an  abundant  har- 
vest, even  as  far  north  as  the  arc-tic  circle. 
Much  of  the  land  is  grass-covered  and  favorable 
to  stock  raising.  This  is  true  especially  of  Ka- 
diuk  island  and  many  of  the  islands  westward, 
including  the  Aleutian  chain.  Th<-  -umrners  in 
that  region  are  too  humid  toadmit  of  the  curing 
of  hay.  out  the  preservation  "f  fodder  in  a 

••n  is  pni<'tj<-aolc.  and.  besides,  the 
climate    is  so    mild    that    cattle  and  sheep  can 
-t  tliroiiirhnut  the  year. 

ndeer—  Owing  to  the  efforts  of  Cni 
A.  II.  -a'y.  ..f  th.-  I'nitwl  States  Revenue  Marine, 

and    Rev.  SbeldOD    Ja  u-lc.  -r  ha\- 

intrndiir-otl.  at  tho  expense  of  the  (Jeneral  Gov- 
ernment. into  western  Alaska,  and  they  are  re- 
portedtobethrii  :  among 

the  natives  of  central  and  western  Alaska.  ..wing 
marked  decrease  of  large  game  since  the 
introduction  of  Hrearms,  will  be  counteracted 
when  t),e  natives  are  taught  to  raise  and  care 

vis  of  domestic  rein 

1  \ploratlona  and  Surreys.  —  Portions  of 
Alaska  are  rtill  unexplored,  and  only  small  areas, 
chiefly  on  the  coast,  have  been  accurately  sur- 


lie  III 


1 


1  it  recent  years  Government  and  private 
ex'peditioiu  have  traversed  various  portione  of 

the  river  valles, 


the  count  r  „•  usually  the  river  valleys, 

k  much  valuable  informa* 

journey  d»wn  t:  -     mniU,  atxl 


Sorlelle*.-The  receipt*  of  the  Bishop  of  Lou- 

.;..-.-  hndl  :  MM  •    -••  8M  PH     r  L!  .1 

J3.    (iranta  were  made  during  the 


....r      '    |  ....-..'    • 


, 


and  an  overland  joum 

:  I  avea ;  < 
•»  wmtwar  : 

. 
bH  :..-!.:.  -.,r.f  ..  •!•  •••::. 

«•!• i.'.-  N  iki  i-  and  ! 

also  undertaken  accura 
ti,   ||vaMM     f  BUM..  .  ' 

; 

mm  fi  .»t    still  in  proa 
1893  an  examination  of 

<    ,,!,     in.    M    . 


paas  and  ti.«- 

Btj  b]   Reid 

•••"'<•  *!!*« 


or 

Ihur.h 


Society. 

i  report  for  1804.  holds' 8W  truH 
fonda,  amounting  in  all  to  £10*34*  for  the 
ESSsfmid  MA  old  H  ••-  E  •  .  R 

Mtptl    Sefl     tMM       I-    r:.,,      ;..:.•/•:.     pjaj 

88 Jfante  of  all  kinds,  amounting  tol4j80a 

i;,  repon    '.    >    •   •  -.. 


i.  -      i  r-  |  :,'.    :   I  - 


wir- 


aska  wait 
I  Surrey. 

tpofti  •  f 

•WWBb] 

irm  M£ 
•Mod  ml 


•i  "i 

\M.I  n  \N    «  HI  i:<  in  8, 

n-tunm  «•! 

landr  .irbook  give  evi- 

uied  vigor  and  progreai.     The 

voliin-  -excluding 

those  whirl)  did  n»t  cninc  undi-r  tin-  immediate 

r-  fogTiizaiKv  of  tin*  clergy — for  1888 

188,485 

down.  n. -rs.  an. I  £87,020  on  parsonage 

bouse*.     In  Wnli*  tho  t.-tal  in«  ..m.-  of  the  clergy 
arising  from  tit  h  .rge.glebea.pew 

;   fn.ni   tl 

ni  f«>r  rhurch  work  i» 
£MO,648.   Of  the  total  amount  coll. 

fund 

i  t:i">  ^''J>   ' ''.  •    i  hut   h  d    Hnffland    .  •  :.'  nl  •.'•'. 
£88368:  a>  whole  stun  raited  1 

fund  .lurinir  tl.,-  tw.-nt \-two  yean  1878  to  It 
(frt!r,,*,oi»  tl     •    -  nUotioiu  from   t!.    «  hurch 
-land  were  £534.995.    The  confirmations 

numbered 
ceding— 1884  to 

1888—  tho  numlMT  «»f  conflnnations  was  2,127,- 
8M:  a  o  previous  ton  yean—  1- 

1883-it  was  1.032.052. 

tland 

.  1884.  show  that  tho 

ling    mission*,    numhered 

a.l.  a* 

int*  durinff 

the  same  period  had  mcreaatd  fn>m  ::7 
89,684.    The  amount  rained  by  congregations, 

850,  as  against  £93,257  for  the  preceding  year. 


cd  Feb.  {0.  rvftmriited  the  year  pa«C  aa 
having  brrn  on*  of  »4rady  prugraai  a* 

•.:.•••...,-...•..•  •  |j 

».u.t  i  .....  tr.Ti-  ,-     i:  pmd  vftt   M  Ml    :. 

I-...:     'I?.     \-      •  •  •    .•      •      -      •  • 

;•;••.         '      •       '       •..:••-      '         r 


y  >bowed  a  gradual  iaprorancBt  IB  fund*. 

eeveral  new  and  Unportant  darvlopmawte  in  «an- 
tbe  world.    Three 


Daw.  and  a  lady  had 


fa   ttH  lOekM    .:•,-::-  .    .:    : 

1  (Milan   ai. 

Money  and  clothing  had 


rd. 


Church 

great  organization  which  has  been 
to  consolid  urrh 

of  tho  committee  is  done  wholly  on 
-s.    They  have  aimed  • 
.n  h,  the  diocese,  the  rural 

th.     BlOliok       'I!-!'  -.:«:• 

eon 
within  theiSoooov, 

H  has  been  intrusted  the  duty  of  seeing 
»  it*  committee  and  Iterpa 
work :  and  each  mriah  has  been 
janize  it*  own  band  of  workers,  who 
.  ach  adult  is  broa«ht  home  the 
facts  upon  which  the  Church  base* 


the    factsupon  which  the  rnurenoeseeita  claims  for 
894    support.    There  are  now  committee*  in  everr 
liocesc  and  in  nearh  ral  deanery,  and 


8,000  parishes  are  as»-  thei 

-rnrral  work  of  tl  Asaodation 

was  renrv«rntc<l  in  the  report  presented  at  the 
annual  m<> 
t ionally  snccaavf 

.-  year  t882  village^  15  eoantiat  had  col- 

'       t  >    .*      ~.U    Jdf    m^ML*M*ljlMLM.    \**A      III  I    •!•..!  J 

poneura.  me  aasv  01  pniNiouoaa  aaa  iDCTwaca. 
and  the  income  had  exceeded  that  of  ant  former 
rear.    A  resolntkm  wee  adopted  condemning  the 
('hurrh  Patronage  bills  before  Parliament  as  -a 
menace  ahl  ffbtaof  property,  to  the  in- 

denandanei    ftfc  osany^ai  i  •    •••  ••-•  .••  - 

esta  of  the  t  hurrh  of  England." 

The  annual  moetinc  of  tho  National  Protes- 
t/in? Chun  h  I'nion  waa  held  in  London.  May  21, 
•liddlrtoB  presiding.    The  chairman 


L( 


.utrnttL 


to  the  step  the 

MM  r.r,,:,.t. 


fully  reaHiing  the  im^m- 

•    • 
'  M  psoffe  of  what***  Cfctunoh  or  deoom- 

.       '  u    . 

'  •nrcorpo- 


the  aarUeat  practicable  period:   un:inu 
mined  resistance  to  all  nttrmpts  i«>  M-ctm 
board  »ch«  illm^'  upon  the  advocates 

iffious  eouality  to  taxe  st«  i  -i-.lit- 

catiimal  w.  -  ••!••«  <>f  tin- 

M..II  a-*  would  seonn  ih.- 
of  a  HOUM'  <>f  <  '•linn,  ii-  j.l.-ii-.-.l  to  pnniioto  the 

NontabliHhmiMit. 

Xfmtlona'  tlea,  'nail 

aouroes  for  1&4  of  tho  Sot-i.  -iv  f..r  tin-  I'ropaga- 
"...    ,„]  .:.  I    :,,_,;  l»arta  wa*  LT-. 


nnd   im- 

hhishop  or 
rwnt  clear  and  mtM 

to  th« 
Churvh 

In  another  re*>- 
•    i- 

the  Council  of  tb«  Na- 
Otamh  Union  Aoald  eoorite 


hsnedCharcaofthc 
the  first  Pi  a  rat  Book 


n  int..  tin-  Kstab- 
ntid  practices  of 
mr    VI.  which  have 
..vfiil  null, 

•! 


made  to  promote  n- union 

*mee<Jiigo?The Society  for  the  Lil>- 
ofrUligioa  from  the  Control 

-    .         .          .  v.     :    .    : 

Mavl.  The  report  of  the  committee  dwelt  on  the 
atlvtoc*  of  Welsh  disestablishment  since  1892 ; 

I.          '   i!   ..     .':      '   "        ."••. 


hdbra  Parliament.  m  a  whole,  whil- 

I'-'.rr.  ..I--.'         ; 

of  UM  Seottish  disnstihlishmstif  question    tin- 
•••'  •  • 


x    .......  fr  '..::• 

•mas  to  qaieken  the  action  of  the  Oovenin..nr 
•-.•••      •  •  •  •  •*          •  •  .• 

vonld  ha  made  to  4fffrnl  iHssetaliHiliiiianl  can- 
at  the  nett  election.    Other  measures  in 
of  -piecemeal  diseetabli^hn 
npon,taaeducationaJ  work  of  the 


*1  that  tnere  was 

\--    • 
well  as  at  the 


:    ! 
lit 
Ml*  ft! 

of  ohUit.u.'. 

MorsthaU 


—  •"*    There  was 


appealing  to  Bnftiish  noneon' 
ista  to  be  tSTto  a^^Sndples  with  the 
of  WH<4i  diseetahtChn^exiiressing 
JOB  thai  the  Scottish  DisesteMkhmecS 
poshed  forward  at 


•        ,  :.-  than  the  gross  total  for 

1881.    In  the  1.  ty,  the 

ug  committee  had  reorganised  n-  -ul»- 
oommittee  on  home  or.  .»ln<h\v 

a  large  bod>  in  wlm-h  >-\<r\  diocese  wa> 
santetl  luty  would  be  to  deal  with  tliu 

society^  home  work  thr..u^li..ut  th.-.-.-u: 

organising  secretaries,  to  h<>!  «1 
with  t  horn  officers  from  time  to  tin  i<   in  ilu-prog- 
ress  of  their  work,  to  consider  nil  matter*  r.-iat- 
ingtodepo!  unnit- 

tees  in  tne  several  dioceses  as  to  or 
to  take  measures  for  encouraging 

.HITS    for    missi'  r.  •••>«.!•  -n.   united 

.  n.-s  with  a  \i.-w 

to  the  Icsseriinjr  <>f  deputation  expmses  and  the 
d  and  other  nii»ionary  as- 

•ns.     The  London   Missjonan 

•n.  in    eoiin.'etion    with  the  soeietv,  had 

Cm  an  impetus  to  the  society's  work  in  the 
don  districts,  and    had   led  to  the  multipli- 
of   Hinilar    a^ociatioiis    throughout    the 
eoinitry   in   jrn-at    center-    of    popalauon.     The 
Board  of  Kxaminers  had  during  the  year  con-id- 

iie  applications  of  11  oiergTmen  and  *j!» 
laymen  for  work  altnmd.  and  had"  recoimiiend- 
exl  9  cler^yiiM-n  and  *j:j  laymen  to  the  >o<-irty. 

"f  these  were  for  Africa,  11  for  A  \ 
and  the  Went  Indies,  5  for  Asia,  and  -1  f 
tralia.  The  number  of  ordained  minion;,- 

.  in«-ludin^»  hishojis,  was  719, 
of  whora  233  were  in  A  -in.  17:J  in  Africa,  is  in 
Australia  and  the  Pacific,  209  in  North  America, 
•'W  in  the  West  Indies,  and  39  chaplains  in  Ku- 
rope.  Of  these,  125  were  natives  working  in 
Asia  and  45  in  Africa,  There  were  also  in  the 
various  missions  about  2.900  lay  tea- 
stiidents  in  the  «wK-iety's  colleges,  and  38,000 
•  •hildren  in  tin-  mission  M-ho,,N  in  A-iti  and 
Africa.  The  sj.iritual  side  of  the  society's  work 
presented  details  of  difficult  i.s  mid  progress, 
of  fears  and  hopes.  It  had  been  m;iny 
since  wars  had  filled  so  large  a  space  in  tne  story 
is  in  the  past  year.  In  China,  Japan, 
Korea,  Madagascar,  and'  a-  I.,  i-nbo.  in  East 
there  had  been  all  the  anxieties  connect- 
«1  with  wars  and  rumors  of  war-,  hut  no  word 
of  quail  from  any  ..f  the  mi-ionaries. 
were  also  brighter  scene-  in  the  ission 

field.    Mashonaland  and  Matabeleland  were  in 
the  enjoyment  of  a  peacefulness  su«-h  si 
had  probably  never  kn..wn  under  tlieir  ol.l  r..ndi- 
tlon.    In  Basutoland,  KafTraria.  and  Xulul.-md, 
theChurr-li  had  taken  root,  and  there  were  signs 
of  growth.     In  N»tal  there  was  the  happy  draw- 
ing together  of  brethren  long  parted.     Progress 
was  recorded  in  other  states  of  India.    Of  the 
18  native  .clergv  in  the  diocese  of  Lai 
convert*  from  Mohammedanism. 
The  report  of  the  Melanesian  mission  showed 


HUH  II 


17 


of  the  £8.000  annually  expended,  about 
£1,300  can.  «»i  fun.l.  largely 

1  the  maximum  income  of 

had  I---.  besrtUi  «,:.-.-M,.. •.  .  v  ,  ..,  k  and  whin 

:ir*t  voyage  he  had  confirmed 

MO  person  .inly  taught  and 


'.  :;:.   ;   V.:. ;;.  V;...;.  :,;.; 


A  rsssoashlt  vbwof 

..'     -.-•:••        ....... 

1.:    ;    •.-:;     -:  "    • 


3Zq     i,,.  A,.- „:,.,,, ',.,>,-:.,  bnriafc  i;         •    ;         •   ;     .      • 

intr  a\  litrfi*  iimtMirtinii  of  the  men  a\nd  mctm*  for  UpOO   IIM  UMMMBMIaf  IBM  IM  Ml 

•UK  •  MMKV  i»i *»•»*-»»  v**»ii  1*1  i  in    HI*  it  i«ii«i  ss**^****»  s 

«  i...i  ...<.t.i,.t..wi  .._.»  AMtAM  »»»*  sr«  aoesMea, tne  eesssnast  wtu 


hb 

'      -. 


Btan 

hem  and  had  spread 

m-M«  immigrant*  and 

.ted  in  a  |Mirt  of  the  trrritonr  where  it 
would  not  interfere  with  the  work  of  any  other 
Christian  bodr. 

financial  report  of  the  South  American 

lu-    annual 

Araucanian  Mission  fund.     A   1.  CH<  \  <>f  £8,000 
to  the  sodetT  was  announced,  and  a  gift 

.••itnin.    This  claims  to  be 
the  only  large  society  working  in  the  rast  regions 
nth  America, 
annual  meeting  m  h  Missionary 

Krnnawav  prv*:-!;:  -.    1  •  .   •    •  t      •  ::n»rv 
the  year   had    been  £278,000,  wl. 

iiturv*  bad  rxreeded  those 

of  1888  by  only  £960,  a  result  mainly  due  to  the 

•o  of  silver.     Adding 

special  funds  not  available  for  ordinary  purposes 

had  accr  ad  received 

£879.084.     Great  satisfaction  was  expressed  at 

JUM  ,i,.ui.i,-d  in  th.-  wren  yean  fr..m  n,  tobaK 
ordained,  ;rj  [ay, and  i-.::  m  man  nMooariss, 


,.     ,.,.  ..:.-..         ... 

enter  Jato  an  agrsMBJol Ms*if  sseli  bisnops  dei 


'.  • . .         •  .  •    •  - 

'.'.        •  :  ,  .      .'    ' 

v  »hall  be  given  on  the-  mx 


tJi>i  they 

... 

'V'1  •' 


•Iborbsdahall 


1  "•       •     \ 


by  tbe  eosuaittM;  i 

•::-..   :.  . 


<*)  Th. 

..-     :.    B 

•  •  M  . 

ih«iinl«e 


i.     Nothing,  therefore,  in  thb  msM 

t       K*.     till  m  ill  i^ Imfbtftmlmm    lll__»-    tk^    vai^^nMAkla 

'      •••••...-  .         .  '  •   - 

Bbarta  oftfc  a*  .•••.'•  ...-.  ;     -    •:.-.-•        -    .  •  •• 
in  eases  of  eutetieiK'y*  or  ereo  in  ordtosry  easst  to  ihe 


whom    were   868   missionaries* 
ng  the  European  total  up  to  897.     The 
uiian  clergy  was  888; 
of  native  lav  teachers,  4.589;  of  native  CI 

native  {.MI  ivcrage  of  conrerts  in  th.- 

foreign  il.-ld  had  been  greatly  exceeded,  the  total 
report-  ••  year  being  4.200.     These  in- 

..•a,  and  650 

memorandum 

authorisation  of  lay  mm  in  the  foreigi 
field  hasU, 

of 
•}..-  Ml 


episcopal 
\  mission 


ir,h 


Society: 

»vM,,.«th/:i!;.i  •pprobatteof  aV     •    ; 

•   episcopal   aothorisatioo  of  a  gen 
character  for  laymen  to  engage  in  spiritual  work. 
(•)  There  are,  however,  --- -- '-  ' 


The  annual  masting  of  the  Church  of 

Zriiana  Mi5*i,.nary  N-  i.-t>  «a>*  h.-l,i  it,  I,  !.,»,.„. 
Aug.  8.  The  year's  income  had  been  CMuMO, 
im-rea^ini;  Hi*'  .  n.l.t  Ulni,.,  fr-n.  tM«  to 
£8,088.  The  society  had  58 

Kuropean  oonnertion  and  78  in  local  conaaetiosj. 
besides  640  native  Bible  women,  teacher*,  and 

,  •!..  r  VI  rfe  '-. 

thinl  annual  msetfaf  of  the  Zenana 

.md 'Medical  Mission  was  held  April  18, 
The  home  income  had  be< 

r.|     ,   '  •:  ••;••  •.:•••....•:•.,'•• 
Government    grants,    fees,   and 
The  society  employed  11? 
si>d  Eoraskn  assisUi 
nurses.  Hew  and  78 

to 


70  schools  with  SJBM  pupils.    It  had  ac 

•;  :>    ..-  ,-  „   .,.    :;'-./       :      .-•-... 

''' 


.    risited  1,188  Tillage*.     At 
hoapitak and  dispensarisin  Lock 
iTand  Paina  19.158  patients  had 
been  treated,  and  the  dispensaries  had  supplied 

:.-.'.»**  »|.|.ii.*ntv    -n,>  neiat]  bi  aqpp  rtadbj 
mrmbem  of  various  ^ — t— 


ly  performed  bv  olcrgrmen,  but  in  the 
often  nccewarily  performed  by  laymen 

'.  >    •          ,,.,  r-'r    ••,/.:    .:r;,         !»    -;        .. 

rxxr.— 8  A 


•f    Canterbury    and 
-The  Houses  of  Convocation  met  Feb.  6 
for  the  dispatch  of  business.    A  petition  was 


Lfl 


'.     ..'      .  ••  .• 

Church  Union,  bear- 
rrK-»nl  to  the  action  of 

abbbopforthc 

.     •     i:          .        ' 


..f  Julr  6.  1*N.  and  the 
of  fcpt  88. 18M,  and 


1HH8.  declares  ite 
araspathv  with  the  Spanish  reformer*  in  their 
to  obtain  blessings  which  th.-  ch.m-h 


bat  long  enjoyed.  Tat,  in  view  of  the  various 
ftanesnivoived  in  ft  reoogri 
fanniil  at  aforesaid,  refuses  to  aoceot  anv  respon- 
•MUtvintbe  matter  until  after  the  Lambeth 
ObsJatanos  shall  have  aiaminad  the  standards  of 
of  the  amid  Reformed  Church,  and  shall 


have  decided  UM  grave  Question  whether  the  said 
Baftmm  1  Church  is  to  be  reeg 


reeggnlied  as  in  com- 
with  the  AngUoan  Church."  The  ap- 
proval of  the  boot*  was  given  generally  t<>  t  h  • 
MOMMfteodations  of  the  Archbishop*sCommittoo 
on  Voluntary  Schools.  and  they  were  commended 
to  tb*  immediate  and  careful  considerat 

Church,  It  appeared  in  tbe  debate  on 
that  the  voluntary  schools  were 
derth-  two  di  Acultiai  of 
ii  depart- 

ments in  building*  Hnd  of 
in  maintaining  the  schools  in 
fat*  of  the  perpetually  increasing  expenditure 
for  giving  such    instruction  as  the 
d'fnrtnvnt   minimi.     The  work  of 
Education  art  had  very  seriously  in- 
jured the  financial  posit  ion  of  a  good  many  of 
Ml*  taking  away,  as  it  did,  the  school 
Tbe  qaathon  of  the  consecration   of 
before  the 
in  the  form  of  a 


the. 


of  the  act,  and  baaing  the  momb. 
per  bonse  to  eonaider  what  steps  should 
U>  vindicate  the  tat 

by  showing  that  it  was  clear 
Tin  the  matter.  Mand  thu*  to  alle- 
f  her  devoted  mem- 
> adopted  raoommending 
nd  uniform  constitution 
•••Uring  it  desirable 

MM»  MV  ii  i  •••MI i  of  church  wardens  to  main- 
tain and  repair  church  burial  grounds  should 
not  be  traoifarred  to  parish  councils  * 
sanrtina  of  the  ordinary  as  well  a*  of  th<-  pa- 
rochial church  autboritW  and  recommending 
the  annual  publication,  for  the  information  of 
t  of  staleaunts  of  funds 
and  church  warden*  eon  joi 
of  L»yro*ti  f«.«^i  resolutions  op- 

on  the  subject  of  i 


M-II.H.IH  as  mar  seem  most      c\ 
(juinMiirntu  without  endangering  th. 

character, and  i<»  win  tin-  p-tu-ral  Mi|.|".n  o 


concerning  the  appoint  mem  of  church 

and    approving   the    report   of   the  archbishop's 

committees  on  Christian  teaching  in  elementary 

he  bishop-  wnv    requested   to    formu- 

..btaining  such  further  lii 

aid  from  im|»crial  or  local  sources  for  voluntary 
seem  m.-t  lift  t  thcirre- 

. 

of    the 

Church  and  the  consent  of  the  legislature. 

The  principal  q  ~<-d  at  the  meet- 

ing of  the   -  ii    May 

were  Welsh  disestablishment  and  the  marriage 
of  divorced  persons.  The  former  subject  was 
debated  in  the  upper  hou*c  in  view  of  the  pas- 
sage in  the  House  of  Commons  of  the  Govern- 

•ill  on  the  subject.     All  the  speakers  re- 
garded  the   proposed   disestablishment    as    in- 
equitable and    likely   to   IN-   disastrous  to   the 
Episcopal  Church  in  Kngland,  as  well  as  to  re- 
.!.     A  resolution  was  passed  in 

.ver  house  in  view  of  the  recent  marriage 
in  a  church  in  London  of  a  person  who  was  re- 
spoiident  in  an  undefended  divorce  case,  r» 
ing  the  bishops  to  take  such  steps  as  they  might 
think  U'st  to  prevent  the  repetition  of"  such  a 
grave  scandal,  "by  which  the  oonaoienoafl  of  afl 
really  Christian  people  are  wounded,  the  stand- 
ard of  morality  in  the  country  is  lowered,  the 
sanctity  of  family  life  sapjied,  and  the  blessing 
of  the  'Church  given  to  persons  intending  to 
live  in  a  state  which  the  Lord  of  the  Chmvh  has 
directly  and  implicitly  condemned.  For  all  civil 
purposes  what  is  desired  can  be  obtained  b\  a 
union  in  the  register's  office,  and  as  it  is  state 
law  and  not  Church  law  that  makes  such  unions- 
possible,  the  undersigned  entreat  your  lordships 
to  do  whatever  can  be  done  to  prevent  **\\<-)i 
-r  solemni/ed  in  church,  and  to 
hinder  her  blessing  being  given  to  those  whom 
Holy  Scripture  ti-aches  that  the  Lord  will  not 
bless.  Upon  presentation  ..f  this  resolution  in 
the  upper  house,  that  Ixxlv  declared  that  it  was 
fullv  prepared  to  take  ±\i<-\\  steps  as  the  members 
of  this  house,  may  be  able  to  tal,  'it  the 

nee  of  the   scandal  described   in   U 
tir»h,*  Cferi  of  May  15,  1895.     A   report   of  a 
f  both  houses  (.n  the  accession 
service  was  discussal  in  the   upper  hou-  .     It 
proposed  amendments  intended  to  remed  . 
tain  difficulties  attending  the  use  of 

ii  of  York  met  Feb.  xM».  The 
rejK.rt  of  the  committee  appointed  by  the  two 
archbishops  to  inquire  into  the  prospects  of 
voluntary  schools  was  considered  in  the  upper 
house  and  approved,  as  was  also  t! 

1    to  amend   the  law   relating  to  Church 

age.    The  lower  house  HI  [.roved 

the  draft  of  the  Church  Patronage  bill. 

I  he  i;,  formed  (  hurdles  in  Spain  and 
Italy.— The  memorial  of  the  Protestant  Church 
rnion  \  ••<  M.i-hop  of  Canterbur-. 

hohliii. 

Spain  by  the  Archbishop  of  Dublin  and  his  asso- 
ciates, already  mentioned  a.s  having  been  dis- 
cussed  in  the  Convocation  of  Canterbury,  relates 

That  the  Archbishop  of  Dublin  had  inquired  of  the 
•       --.  whether  the  primitive 

end  ertaMi»hed   principle*  of  juri-  -.M  be 

ftafegvanied  if  ^ur}i  binhop  an  was  contemplated, 
should  refrain  from  assuming  a  territorial  title  or  any 


AN  CHUKCHI 


II 


JtrfaiW^  except  or*  hie  own  Al 

on  receiving  an  aaawer  in  the  affirmative  that  he  de- 


VWM  V*   w  vi  M 

been*   -•  ;  '      .!'..i  v,  •, 

t;  .    •   .  •     •.-•--.'    •  • '  • 


for  many  year*.    A   I*  rvabytaiiaa  afoocy  tun  auo 

U,-i:  a'.  *..rV  !'  r.-,  .'  ••   •    :   ..-.     ;    - 

• .1  '    -»r».--fcr-: „ 

;  .-:• 


kssinlBitoGod  .'  r  •', 

reformers  in  Spain  and  Portugal  in  carrying  on 

their  work,  »|  |  : 

bishop,  and  sympathy  with  the  Irish  prelaw 


•••I.. 
have  taken  a  nun- 


!     " 


,         . 


_  by  the  Archbiahop 
to  thai  of  the  Aturlican  ««wi  otliar  bUhotM  in 

un:;^^;  H,^-: •,;..;:,..,,.::,•  i:1,;;;. 

Jbdloessesol  -.uih,-ni  Ewons;  sad*  Baabo,   -A 


.. 
<>  <  athollo 


-.  ........  .- 

.-•:•..    .  ......    .         . 

lneipla  that  the  > 
fenn  ita  own  litunrv,  a 


,••..         U, 

fand  to  Tour  Uraea  tha 


Augustine  to  convert  the  Anglo-*taxona.  and  fully 
Bttmtalned  bi  owown<  and!  "•  Sj  n  UN  M 
Uon  of  certain  member*  of  our  •  .  who, 

without  waiting  for  the  guidance  of  our  npiritual 
ruler*,  apologUed  to  the  Rot. 

•he  free  and  in.le- 
.in.l,  whoae  presence  In  Ire- 
Ifa  witneaa  against  t) 

of  i:...,.,.  -p  .  r  ». !.- !,  onli  dn  ^  ftoiB  sV  i:  •  A 
bishops  a  declaration  of  the  ImpoaaibOity  that  exiata 

x  other 

•  the  action  of  the 

Ir-h   bsmorn      NV.-  bar,    laid  theM    raaaonii  •••  • 
I.H.  because  we  are  aware  that  petition,  are 


bV 
oftb    Wai    biahopi  nd  £ 

confirmation  unand 

In  other  countriea,  an  well  w  a  virtual  IH  n,  t uation  of 
communion  which  the  Lam- 
.  nee  of  18a-  :-ly  condemned." 

An  mid  rev  wan  preeent.  \  n  hbbhop 

of  Dublin  by  nonoonformist  mini -tors,  rxpreaa- 

ntereat  in  th.«  n-f.«nn  rn..\. •innit   in 

and  com- 

pland 

VI 11.  ntxl   iti   Italr  now. 

wh.-n-  th.-n-  w,-r«-  \.-i-t  ma fjMOpk  rv  niinalli 

he  Roman  Catholir  Chur. 
.t«de  ita  naJe,  from  want  of  U-li.-f  in 
influence. 

The  sic')'  r>  of  tho  n«Mn^j«  won-  imprvwusl  with 

••»  hich. 

they  Mid.  was  not  t  h.<  fruit  of  an  ropa- 

pnnlii.  ci»'»l  out.-oni.  M^tnp 

••mselren.     A   mcotinp  h  ndon, 

Man-h  :W.  ovor  whi. •».  -  '.uxton  prr- 

>  which  the  Bishops < 
Man  ant  letters,  while  oth« 


of«  where  -  the  unaeriptural  baUiopa  of  tha 
tyranny  bear  full  »wav  appaarad  to  the  memorisilsts 
tt  icaiiaTesj  j-r  DasW  r.  ^  -  -  il  .  •  irti  •  p  lat 
out  that  what  h  M  been  dona  for  the  Spaniah  rplbrmara 

roh  In  the  United  States  by  the 


SolS 

mided.  and  the  Bisnop  of  Urerpool.  in  ad- 
Sttion  to  the  other*,  sent  a  Istt^Vi^pisd  a 

Hwppjtt  •  rf  BaSo^'Cafarara  «  naad    '  !  ! 
<dne  to  his  election  by 


. . . ... 


pra  y  rn  and  rapport  of  Boniaii  Pi 

daaira  to  aw  a  atTing  knowlcdf*  of  J«M»  • 
vttkfai  •!..  makoftmi  Bni  BM 


e  annual  mmin    of  the  Snniah  and  Portav 


to  complete  the 
rafced.     The 


the  annual 

•lHodety.    Tha  report  referred 
rraaa 

the  flrst  bishop  of  the  Reformed  Spanish  Church, 
-  criU&ms  pwroked  bytnat  step.    The 

-me  had  been  MUM.  of  whV 
•TbadbaSBSpri      .        '- ir>  j. U..-.1  n,  n--nr. 
One  half 
,-;.,.       ,         ,.        • 

ar.M.^.; 

that   it  waa  not 
law.  *  e  pirn) fasten  of 

to  whom  he  went    Nor  was  it  forbidden  by  (he 

LtJnMhJ  ..i:f,-r.  !,,.«!.,-.!..,!,:..  .-..:•     ',.- 
!l'   Uar,t"!;',':i'fr:;::!!^^T>K.  ;".'     ;-.-'" 

harmony  with  his  own.     The  Archbishop  of 
n  'also  presided  at  the  annual 


annual  report  stated  that  the  work 
started  f..urt.«-n  yean  ago,  and  had  to  be  re- 
organized fire  years  later,  after  much  psrsscav- 
was  a  work  to  which  I 

Old  l'at holies,  at 

•n  bald  out 

all  part«  of  Italy  came  reqoests  for  an 
pastorate  and  for  the  education  of  the  converts* 
rindplsa  of  the  reformed  faith. 
The  account*  showed  an  expen 
Italy  ami  £280  in  England.    Count  Caimpallo, 


the  bishop^lect.  had  added  to  the  list  of  his 

oftann  •-  l<      '••        !'-   •     -!      .-•••'.. 

4  Episcopal   congregation  in 

DoTadola.  had  prtitkwed  for  reception.    No  at- 

tomnt    waa   Bae*aa    tn    withdrmw    n»f(MiM»n  •Kii 

ware   now   in    conneetion    with   Mmepisoopal 

- 
continual  sympathT  with  the  work  of  his  old 

••          ;   •        .••.,-;-•  \       :•     ',  :   .    .-        '  ", 


,-unt  conflrmed  his  belief  in  his  high  character 
nml  hu  fitness  for  the  ieaderahip  of  sochamor^ 


mont. 

The  (  hnrrh  Ctafriai.— The  Church  Coo- 
frreea  met  at  Norwich.  Oct.  10.  The  Bishop 
wich.  as  bishop  of  the  diocea*,  presided. 
At  the  reception  giTen  bv  the  mayor  of  the  citr 
prerions  to  the  opening  of  the  meeting  the  Arch- 
bWiop  of  York  said  that  during  the  thirty-six 
the  conress  had  been  i?  oeration  the 


years  the  congress 


CUURCHBBL 


Ikt 


eJergv  had  been  uuMMht  into  much  closer  i 

SaanStfitftSsSi- 

.  .  .  . 

•poke  of  the  nmntposiUon  of  the  <&un  h  a* 
patvl^  thegrowthan^ 

•  ,   .       f    •!.,      •••-..,.        • 

of  the  CTmrch ;  and  of  the  reforms  that 
Mdad.  matitimiinir   particularly  the  pn»- 

bantaTand  greater  power  for  the  Church 
to  aMJring  its  raulaUon*  or  by-laws.    Concern. 

•       '   •         .-•..•     '.     •  ,',.•       ,     ! 

that  whiW  there  was  no  prospect  of  organic 
•nkm  «ith  «nv  of  the  nonconformist  bodies, 
and  there  did  not  appear  to  be  any  strong  de- 
sire on  their  part  for  such  a  union,  the  relations 
of  the  ChurclTwiih  them  had 

rear*  b**n  continually  becoming  more 
friamlli    and  friendliness  and  peace  ar. 
lass  bUiwd  than  absolute  unity.     And  th  . 
derd.  the  Church  hat*  gained  more  friends  and 
There  has  arisen,  too.  of  recent 
that  in  some  ali- 


as in  the  sacred 
irking  together  with  the  ut- 
most cordiality  for  the  overcoming  of  sin  and 
•isafj  by  the  power  of  good."    The  first 
discussed  was  that  of  educati"n.  under  tho  heads 
Me  Preservation  of  Religious  Edu.-a- 

— «.^       .   ..     M  t»     I.-..:  „,  f,,r  s^.l,.^!,,". 


*«7 


Federation  for  Schools 


UM  iwott  of  UM  archbishop's  committee  on  the 
MbooETa  comparative  riew  of  UM 


•ptaim  in  their  religions  asp. 
Kingdom  and  ita  ooloniot  and  pi 

•  .  .    .•    •.     •.-•.'    -,:. 


tljr    I'llitod 

.11. '1  I'rotectorates; 
Continent  <  f 
rope  and  UM  Plan  occupied  therein  >>y  IMi- 
the  position  of  national  education  in  tho 
s  aspect  io  Kngland  as  compared  with 
in  Franc*:  and  the  subject  was  con: 
under  these  and  similar  heads  at  other  sessions. 
of  the  Church  and  so- 
read  on  the  attitude  of  tho 
toward  trade-union- 
ism, and  toward  co-operation.  The  discussions 
on  foreign  missions  touched  missions  to  the 
Jewa.  to  the  Japanese,  to  the  Chinese,  i 

to"pa- 
and  schools' 
wm  |lfM  radar  thai 
bead  of  UM  working  of  the  ProtMtant  Episco- 
pal Brotherhood  of  8L  Andrew  in  America  as 
Ml  organisation  for  assisting  the  clerv 

together  for  the  purpose  of  gen- 
wement.     In  tne  discussions 
Scripture,  papers  were  read  by 
,  on^TVTntnority  and  Au- 
Old  and  New  Testaments  as 


finned  and  illustrated  by  Baeeni  Discovery  and 
in  tbeOatacosabsand  Other  Sonrcea" 
in  papers  on   *The  Christian 


Prophets'*  and  other  special  subjects.    A  ses- 
sion was  given  to  the  consideration  of  sul-j. •» -ts 

'.«•  nnance.s  .  f  tlu-  Churd, 
dutio  inin-h  were  considered  with  n- 

speot  to  iail.'p.  and  IM.. ;  I  to  M.ldi.-rs. 

i1:  ,-  ••.  ,,„::,•  i, M-:  :  ••  Kaith  and8oienoeN 
papera  were  read  on  -the  rcliKi'»«s  problems 
pressing  on  the  rising  gener 
wit  h  the  questions,  first,  of  fixity  of  donna,  and, 
second,  of  the  progreas  of  science.  The  t..|>ir 
he  National  chun-h"  wa,s  discussed  «md.-r 
the  four  heads  of  "its  origin  and  growth.'  its 
r..iitn.  Qe,  and  iiiitct. 

-its  continuity  nnlir«krn  l.\  th,-   K.-fornmt  ion." 
and  "what  was  done  at  the  Ho  form 
riet  of  papers  were  read  on  ••  Ti,.-  \V,-M.  Dio- 

.,••    :     :,   '    II   hdnin.-..,torhnMuin  I'liity." 
nth.-r   |«i|H.rs  won«   on   "The   Lord's   Day— (a) 

.:,'  of  Museamt," 

church's  Care  of  Deaf  and   I>uinl>  an<l 

drals," 

"Clnr  lien's  meet- 

inffs.011  "Tith.-i  ami  Endowments,"  "  Poor  Law 

•  'Id     Atfo     i  and 

s";  and  at  the  women'* 

••Tin-  [nflnenoeoi  Modern  Life  on  Ke- 

ii!h.  Work,  and  Ainusonx-ni." 
MM   II  1.0I.OM.       \.n.n.  .in  ,fy    of 

the  M,nn,l  Kuilders.—The  twelfth  -Annual 
Report  of  the  United  States  Bureau  ..f  Kthnol- 
ogy  "  contains  a  summary  of  the  results  of  ten 
years*  explorations  of  the  moonds,  carried  on  by 
the  bureau  under  the  immediate  direction  of 
I>r.  Cyrus  Thomas.  I  Miring  this  time  un.ro 
m-Mind*  were  explored  between  the 
<>hio  valley  and  the  Rocky  mountains,  and 
fr-.m  t  I  to  Florida.  Particular 

.is  paid  to  the  m<id.-  ..f  conslructic.n  and 
methods  Of  boritJ  in  the  conical  tumuli.  Many 
it  graves  and  cemeteries  and  several 
caches  and  cave  deposits  were  explored.  As  a 
h  m..und  was  measured  before  it  was 
excavated,  and  figured  if  it  presented  any  pecul- 
iarity of  shape.  The  character  and  thi-'kiM-s 
of  the  strata  and  the  exact  position  of  the 
n*  and  relics  found  were  m.ted.  Aliout 
40,000  objects  were  collected  and  catalogued, 
and  were  deposited  in  the  National  Museum. 
They  include  articles  of  pottery,  an  u: 
nmnlMT  of  poli-he<l  and  pecked  celts,  pipes,  tex- 
tile fabrics  and  matting,  and  tome  implements 
used  in  weaving.  The  genoral  conclusions  are 
reached  l.y  I»r.  Thomas  that  the  links  directly 
connecting  the  Indians  and  mound  Imildera  are 
*>  numorous  and  well  established  that  archasol- 
ogists  are  justified  in  accepting  the  theory  that 
they  are  one  and  the  same  people.  The  evi- 
dence obtained  appears  to  be  sufficient  to  just  ify 
the  conclusion  that  particular  works  and  the 
works  of  certain  localities  are  attributable  to 
I»artirular  tribes  known  to  history,  thereby  en- 
abling tho  archaeologist  to  determine  in  some 
cases,  to  a  limited  extent,  the  lines  of  t 
tion :  as  in  the  case  of  works  in  Tennessee, 
western  North  Carolina,  the  Kanawha  valley, 
and  Ohio,  attributed  to  the  Cherokee*;  the  box- 
shaped  stone,  graves  and  the  mounds  and  other 
works  directly  connected  with  them  in  the  re- 
gion south  of  the  Ohio  and  near  Cincinnati,  at- 
tributed to  the  Shawnees ;  stone  graves  in  the 
valley  of  the  Delaware  and  others  in  Ohio  of 


A!;-  ILKGLOGY. 


n 


.-,,rKMa.  ui-1  the  Muskokee  tribe*  in  UM 

^,.,.-'    •  :.. 


.     •  :,     :.   -:.v 

th-  noancl  .....  •    ven  Ma|M    r  M.  il  IM, 

nil*.  ami  also  again*  Morgan". 
the  Pueblo 

Morpomttd 

(tl.         :.'    I.      :.   .'   ,      '       '•        •'.'    '       .     -          '     :•        ':.:   •     . 

Mid  some  possibly  to  a  remote  peek  yet  UM  evi- 

taej  ol  »  i.i«.  '   «"h  Kuropeai    •  ...  .  .n    :.  . 
i  and  i*  «ioh  that  we 
•  lieve  that  a  number  of  them 
were  built  a  Uscovenr  of  the  con 

ty  Europeans.    Anu> 
•fens  are  also  drawn  respecting  Ui« 
t.rr.  -...»;    ifrisi  M,    Md    £     bold        .-•-• 
with  religious  oemnoniet,  of  the  mound  build- 

is  one  that  n, 


' 

and  partly  witbmit  a  aerie*  ol  racfangnJar  inclo 
•mi  •  i  tOdtefl  rvalfi  r  £2  .  a* 
were  uncovered,  ail  of  UM  aame  type,  aad  f  I 
hearths.  1*  circular  and  »  oblun*.  ft  u  believed 

ttt^t  I|»«M«I  btillditt^K  »•**!  tl^ir  M/JtunjAa  auii—   I 

voUd  to  UM  dyeing  induatry.  and  thieooniaoUiTO 

....:•'.•.•.•,     ..:.       :    ,      --       f     ,,    .. 


:         •          ......    .. 

d^r^T^or  which  was  of  peculiar  and 

'eoastradkav   ™ 


•  : 

».incor  thr '*.,uthcm  dif.tru-1...  wlu-r.-  th,-  n»rr 

;  .  .  -..  •  iwtUmjB    :'•  •  m  •    .:. .    nj  HI  :.-.-. 

.-  oumd  to  i"»r>  UN  r.  ••  sini  ta  •;.•  loci  ol 
those  dwellings,  burn  the  holism,  and  heap 
•ondi  •••••  r  :h-  m  u  tan  MM  *  *•  r-  .  ntir. .- 
consumed  or  while  the  embers  were  yet  smol- 
dering. The  houses  in  those  d  i 
have  been  constructed  or  upright  posts  set  in  t  h. 
ground,  lathed  »  .  •-.  an<l  plastered 

dssoriboa  u  &  earls   i-v,..-h  explorers,    He 

umansacrifiVe  -  in  thr  true  sense" 


Th«»  statements  or  the  nariga- 
lors  and  eiplorers  **  to  the  habit*  social  eondi- 

Ma  in(  rirftad  -  ^ 


;.ir^.  ;\  .  oafinaad  bj  H  ••  •;.-•  ••- 
The  works  in  Arkansas,  Georgia,  ami 
other  Southern  States  confirm,  even  to  <l<>taik 
the  statements  or  the  chroniclers  or  !>.•  Solo's 
expedition,  and 

Mi.  'viiwfions.—  Pur- 

i  vat  ion*  at  the  lui.-i- 

man  site  or  Silrhentcr  have  been  continual,  th.- 
forum  and  basilica,  an  ancient  temple  and  what 
loved  to  be  a  (MirtMian  chun-h.  an  inn. 
Imth-.  II..U-M.,  ,,f  .hfT.-r.-nt  -  ||MJBi  Q|  W  ietj.  M  i 
many  interwtinK  arti^tu  rrroain*  rewarded  the 
explores  The  plan 

it.,*trn.-ts  uvn-  tn».,.l   with   BOBSldafabV    HDJ   I 

inhab- 

attained  could  be  conjectured 

•ie  remain*.  The  excavations  or  18M  in- 
volved tin-  thorough  examination  or  Of  acrr«. 
inclu-i  Miuares,  Many 

small 

c  a  hoanl  of  253  silver  denaria  of  various 
dates,  fn»m  Mark  to  Sept  tin 

hundred  and  fift\ 

*\  imj^ortant  >  that  ««f'a  num- 

furnaoc?,  apiwirrntlv  of'an  in.lurtrial  char- 

irious  sixes,  some  circular  and 


Mtppoavd  to  have  been  oaad  for  dyeinc. 

t  Hue,  may  harTbeen  in- 
Uadad  for  drying  RooaM  are  ira^ahU  whfcfc. 
it  lap 


.  '  •  • 


I  .•  .»<  .'..:. ^    „•:    Ball        1 '.          '  :      .  „• '  '     '      .'     '  •      . 

rurnacesbelong  to  the  later  period  of  the  dly. 

i  ..-••••  .1  .--     '     _     ,       . ,     .         .  • 

the  conjecture  that  the  richer  inhabits 

khfl    .::-:,'    ::.    Vfcfafc    tl  -     I  -  .-r-    SV 

on   and   migrated   eastward.     Tne  th 

rtMgObiM  •;•  •;..    ..•  •  pan  ta  •»%    ' 

r.-  tl    Had  '•  r     ;.-  .:  .•    ;    .:;         -      V     ' 

of  1600.  a  hitherto  tfMi|*rtfrtd  insvla,  midway 
the  basilica  and  the  west  gate,  was  ex- 

......I..'."': 

•r  two  very  large  houses,  the  most  inter* 


•unit*  or  the  rnnms 
Ijikr  Vlllsgee.    It  aiipearsrrom 

f  the  miiinntt. . 
on  the  lake  village  or  i.laatontmry  that  daHng 
iing  mound;  and  900  feet 
of  palisading  bad  been  disclosed,  and  nearly 
/the  border  had  now  been  traced. 
Many  valuable  relics  had  been  obtained,  ameaw 
w, -rv  a  flint  saw.  a  complete  ladder  7  reel 
long,  *  small  door  of  solid  oak.  and  an  oval 
bronze  mirror,  a  feature  or  late  Celtic  art.    The 
v  was  abundant  and  ornamented  in  late 

he  discovery  of  this  lake  village  could  not  mil 
oshed  light  upon  one  of  tlMcmvvesft  periods 


to  shed  light  upon 
or  Britbh  an. 

A.,      tVA*     sSft^^aam     «l  a^MatfktSs^aaiBaMl     Asm     BdhsmmaW     saa> 
,    BUM  1OU    DaW    DfVn    QIW*  VfW     IO     OUVilaaV  •» 

Htitiiur.  in  what  was  probably  in  former  times 
partly  a  lake  basin.  The  more  or  less  stratified 
beds  of  clay,  charcoal,  ashes,  and  mold  dis- 
closed on  section,  contained  fiagmsails  of  poV 

i^aTn*  of  a  primitive  people.    A  number  of  b> 

regular lv  shaped  hollows  occurred  on  this  day, 
M      :.  .:         .;      ••   .    '         -.-•      .. 

thinks  may  have  been  the  foundations  of  the 


•MMaV 

h  the 

found  in  several 
abundant  as  to 
hate  carried  on 


an.l   f-r  u<r  in 

J-« — if  the  Urn- 


: 
that   the  pKiple  may 


•    •   - 


vi  n  i  i  •  ••'  H 


were  in  all  stages  of  manuf 
fomted 

:•'.-;.-      ".  .••  '-    '       •     .         .-      ,-    "     r. 

crest  varietr  of  designs, 
A  number  of  day  images 


was  ornamented  with  a 
among  them  a  spiral 


AK<  HOROLOGY. 


ta*-«l-?ft«tt 

of 


committee  was  organized,  generous  subscrip- 
tions were    received,   and    arran^-m,  m-    were 


and  at  olJwr 


WOT* 


al  Iliwlik  and  in  S,*in. 


ofYtsyon 


•hi-tnf   41  fn**i  thick  MAT 

•1MMU     ^W    s^s^Pw    •••sMSOBf  eis^p^p» 

of  Are,  handful*  of 


Mid  btta  of  melted  iron,  and  diverging 

!,  :  ..'-.  with 

probably,  an 


i  of  victory  ia  theatrical  contests.   The 
to  bt  UM  stsffsobata  of  a  torn- 


The  aioafSJttoos  at  Argos  promise  to  be  of 
grMt  importance,  and  the  structures  uncovered 
hart  rvodily  asromed  larger  proportions.  Arti- 
olesof  art  and  handicraft  hare  been  found  15 
r  the  previous  vear's  level.  Near  a 
I  Cyclopean  wall  were  dug  up  large 


•JJSJM  of  pottery.  iron,  and  bronze,  a  marble 
bmd  of  the  Roman  period,  and 
•MdMQ  of  Greek  sculpture,  the  head 
Ihfcitiii  from  the  metope*  of  the  second 
pfe,  bmring  the  characteristics  of  the  Polycl 

Many  objects  in  iron 
well  as  bronse  and  even  st 
•liiay  objeol  was  a 
test  tag  and  afoot  in 


an  int.  • 

u  „, 

of  the  Polyclctan 
were  disclosed,  as 
stone  implements.    A 

of  iron  al*  «ut  5 
which  proved 


, 

to  be  a  mass  of  iron  spears  bound  together  with 
band,  of  irun  at  both  ends.  The  west  building 
partly  excavated  in  the  previous  year,  was  en- 
tirely uncovered,  and  showed  a  structure  with 
S  fjhsjHMOL  colonnade,  and  central  court  Au- 


i to  it  was  another  long  building  at  which 
fcsjDd  the  bJO»of*mUs*l 


head, 
objects  in  mid  and  silver,  and  a  silver  ring 

erias  made  at  £  east  end  of  the  west  bo ikUnff 
as  being  very  rich  in  number  and 
rising  every  material-obi* 
fold.  lead.  iron,  bone,  ivory,  and  clay-and 

"  -Id— 4»pigraphv.  art.  mythology. 
At  another  part  of  the  build 
•-,   MfMBsjM  poriod 
well  preserved.   Great 
ww  attached  to  the  discovery  of  2  bee- 
OCM  of  which  had  been  the  reoository 


eariy  graves  of  the 
iOMO?  them  well 


for  at  loasti 

>  of  the  eartiosi  type,  a  chain  wit  h 

*  '  L.     -.1 

mn  OTiMHHHs%  %  mull*  wnoriri, 
M  Ivory  n  ,  number  of  heads;  while 

the  other  contain*.!  a  Urge  number  of  beads 
•M  whorls^  but  only  1  complete  vase,  and  a 

to  the  second  tennis  of  Bon  at  Argos,  which  is 
in  artistic  importance  only 

•MM* 

7~A«  Am*rifa*  .SrAoo/.— A  congress 
'sand  arvhvologuit. 
»n  Uw  winter  of  If^H-'M  raeom- 
an  American  school 


at  BOOM, on  aolandmdar 
Ann 


**su[*isz.-Kyz 


r   f,.r   <>|H>l)illg   the   M-ixK.l.  )!!!.:•  W  il- 

linmii.  Halo  as  dirwtor  and  P  :  h- 

iiiK'hatn.  Jr.,  as  araociati  :id- 

emio  year  1895-*90.  'I'll--  *>i,j.-cts  <>f  th«-  s<-hool 
will  be  to  promote  the  study  of  such  Mit>j«  ts  as 
•.  lit.  Tat  urc  as  bear  on  customs  ami  invi- 
tations; inscriptions  in  Latin  and  in  tin-  Italic- 
dialects  ;  Ijitin  |.al:i-.,k'ra|.li}  ;  tin-  t(.|i<.^raj.hy 
and  untKjinti  irchs3ology  of 

lit    Italy   (lull  1   Of 

the  rarly  rhn.-tian.  nir«li:i-\al.  ami    Krnaissjn 
periods.     It  will  funu-h  n-pilnr  instruct  imi  and 
piiilancr  -r  all  nf  tli«-r  lirld-.  will  • 

•jige  original  research  IT  exploration.  an<l 
will  co-operate  with  tin-  An-li.-n.  logical  Institute 
of  Amenca,  with  which  it  i-  atlilim 

I  L-»  |.1i.in.      /,  '  nown 

/?<iee.—  The  work  of  Mr.  W.  M.  I  lin.l.  r 
during  the  season  of  1895  and  that  <>f  t! 
Man  n-x-arch  ai'cuiiut  under  tin-  Immediate  Q> 

••n  of  Mr.  l^iiilM-ll  were  carrii-d  on  in  tin- 
same  district  and  \v.  n-  much  int<r\\M\  ,  n  \\jth 
each  other,  so  that  it  is  not  always  easy  t..  <\\- 
tinguMi  in  the  ini|Nirtant  discoveries  that  were 
made  to  which  party  the  chief  credit  should  be 
given.  <>n  the  top  of  a  plateau,  according  to 

I't-tri.'s  a«<  'tint,  between  Ball  as  and  Nega- 
deh,  about  80  miles  north  of  TheU-s.  1,400  feet 
above  the  Nile,  the  home  of  pala-<*lithic  man 
was  found.  Large  mas>ivc  Hints,  beautifully 
worked  and  unworn,  wen  1  of  the  same 

forms   as   those   found  in  the  river  gravels  of 

KM  ami  Knxland.     Their  antiquity  is  sh<> 
liy  their  dark   staining,  while  other  "flints   five 
thousand  years  old  by  the  side  of  them  si. 
hardly   a   tinjje  of  weathering.      Hc-ide-    these 
other  flints  of  a  later  palaeolithic  type  were  found 
imlM'dded  in  the  ancient  ^ravels'of  the  foil 
high   Nile.     A  town  of  historical    times   Nul.t. 
found    on    the  edge  of  the  dev,.rt  adjoining  a 
small  temple,  proved  to  beac.-nt.-r  •  f  tin-  \v 
ship  of  i1  -.bed  god  Set.     This  t..\\n  is 

;ed  to  in  Juvenal  in  a  passage  which  was 
hitherto  obscure,  but  is  now  explained  by  the 
discovery;  and  besides  its  classical  Interest  it 
preserves  the  r  many  successive  ages, 

furnishini;.  in  different   layers,  potteries  of  U 
fourth,  twelfth,  eighteenth,  and  nineteenth  dy- 
nasties.     Leas  than  a  quarter  of   a    mil.-   from 
this  place  lay  another  site  of  a  town  presenting 
special  features  that  marked  it  as  i 
but  a*  ha  the  home  of  another  race  or 

people,  whose  pn-*en<-e  in  Kgyi.t  had  not  been 
known  bef.-re.  or  even  Mispected.  In  the  inonu- 
UM-nt-  and  tombs  of  this  j.eoj.le  r,f  a  hitherto  un- 
known ra...  nothing  was  found  that  was  com- 
mon to  the  1  or  was  like  anything 

m  :  and   the   region   in  which 
rand   extends   over   more    than    100   mil-s   of 
country,  from   Abydne  to  Gbelen.     At    • 
when-  the  principal  researches  were  carried  on 
U'twcefi  Halla.s  and  Negadeh.  near  the  middle  of 
the  dlstiiot.  those  r  urred  in  the  im- 

mediate vicinity  of  I.-vptian  :   tombs 

with  fatten,  beads,  and  scarabs  of  the  fourth, 
twelfth.  eighteenth,  and  nineteenth  .  .-x- 

.  like  those  found  similarly  dated  in  northern 
Egypt,  yet  wholly  distinct  "from  them.  The 
men  of  this  race,  Mr.  Petrie  says,  were  "  very 


A  in  II.VOLOGY. 


:t 


Altai 


ull  MM!  pavwfal.  with  strong  features ;  a  booked 
WML  h»4Hs*eil  bss*d.  and  bn.wn.  wavy  hair 
ar»  (bowa  by  llMir  osffissji  MM!  bodily  remain*, 
Ttoc*  w«»  ao  irac*  of  tb*  negro  lyw  apparent, 
a*d  in  tmm*\  UMJ  seee*  cjaertv  alli«l  races  of 
t*»  UbfMt  Md  Amanu*.  iW  burial,  are 
^Kft  vtth  tlw  body  contracted,  and  m*  mum- 
BftiM.  lying  wit*  betid  lo  south  «nd  face  to 
>  of  UMomUMUd  bodies  at 
of  tho  graves  have 


•rial    One  Iar«*  and  nn,.,rtant  tomb 
four  akulb  placed  between  stone  vases 


,      r        •••••- 
3 


around  the  sides 
at  the  ends  and 
certainly  points 
to  «M««Mmial  anthropophagy.  Other  graves  are 
fbuad  w**  Us>  tMHMSSpanUrd  and  sorted  in 
dssuff*,  TW  type  of  the  graves  is  like  tl. 
tfcoseof  UsteMt  at  Myoena  open  square  pits, 
with  beams  of  wood.  They  are  al- 

-    .»   .'    : 

UM  race  came  from  a  rooky  coun- 
•xre  excavation  could  not  be  made  except 
in  alluvium,    TlMffraai  development  of  the  legs 

fn>m  hilU,  and  not 

of  chaniii*:  the 

Metol  and  flint  were  both  in  use  by 
Copper  adioi  snow  that  wood  was 
y  carved  bulls*  legs  to  a  couch 
UlwtraU  UM  work.    Copper  harpoons  were  imi- 
from  UM  form  in  bone.    Copper  needles 
ito  UM  use  of  sewed  garments,  and  the  mul- 
in  the  town  proves  bow 
have  been.    Flint  was 
wwkad  far  more  elaboratelv  than 
of  any  age ;  the  splendid  ex- 

.     ,  .  :•      :.          M 
at  Oxford  are  now  seen  to  belong  t- 
Both  knives   and    forked    lances  are 
Stone  vase*  of  all  material  from  ala- 
t«r  to  granite,  were  favorite  possessions;  they 
are  beautifully  wrought,  bat  entirely  made  by 
band,  without  any  turning  or  lathe  work.    A 
vwy  punting  da**  of  objects  long  known  in 
'•ratistsiau  figures  of  birds  and  animals, 

•..  ,.,. 


WM«     ••          •••«•*       BUM.  »  »9V^'       •  •"»•         1'IVTTO        W       1JW 

UM  paisttesfor  grinding  malachite,  probably  for 
plIiHig  UM  eyva,  as  among  Egyptians  of  the 

i—urtii      !••  i  ^11          tl  / 

nai  ayoasty.     Beans   were    favorite   orna- 

•eota.  and    wwt    made   of   oarnelian,   lazuli. 

IfMMpMMA  svpvntine,  and  giaasd  stone.    Pot- 

>nriu  art  ortheae  new  people; 

uiety.tiM  flneoeaa,and  the  Quantity  of  it 


— £-:r^-  F»»  gra»w  are  without  ten  or  a 
MSB  vasva.  HMSjetittMs  even  as  many  as  eighty. 
Mostof  UMSI  are  of  the  coarser  kinds,  mWy 
vsd  for  coatainiag  UM  ashes  of  UM  great  fa- 
•ml  Are.  for  taougb  the  bodies  wen 
burned.  A  creat  bumiita*  waa  made  at  M 
•«<«t^  Mfcai  of  wBcli  wm>  carefnll] 

w^n.K'^r^s^i^j^ 


with 


oarh  fu- 
carefully  gath- 

*  many  as  90  or 

TIM  varieties  of  pottery 
.  JSiMitili  facing,  the  red 
todsoxidatioo  inUM  asnesl 


1  torn  (due  to  daoxidaUon  in  the  ashes). 

and  the  llfbt  brown  ».  h  »»rr  handles,  like  the 
Amorite  potury.    A  later  slag*  of  pottery  WM 


of  coarser  brown,  and  of  much  altered  forms, 
copying  somewhat  from  K^M'tia"  temples  of 
I  kiiipliuii.  The  wavy-handled  ju«>  Wi-nt 
through  a  series  of  chanffem  forming  a  cunt  mu- 
ous  scale  by  which  •  ive  ages  can  !.,• 

seen.    Aniinal-dhaped  vases  and  many  em  ions 
mmrts  are  found  in  the  red- fa  Be- 

these  form>,  three  kinds  ,,f  puiierv  smn  U) 
have  been im|x>rted  :  buff  vases  imitating  stone, 
« it  h  red  spirals  and  figures  of  animals  and  men  ; 
red  polished  vases  with  figures  of  animals  and 
patterns  in  white;  and  black  bowls  with   in- 
cised patterns,  most  like  the  earliest  It  a! 
tcry.    Besides  these  designs,  a  great 
marks  are  scrat<  ho  local  pot  in 

not  a  single  hieroglyphic  or  sign  derived  from 
Egyptian   writing  has   been    i..und.      A 
fact  showing  the  isolation  of  these  people 
the  Egyptians  is  that  all  of  thi>  lii 
hand  made;  the  wheel  was  unknown. '     While 
the  source  of  this  new  race  i  !><  -deter- 

mined, some  of  the  objects  uoint  strongly  to  an 
t  o  connection,  and  others  indicate  a  west- 
ern source;  but  the  . \morites  w.-r-  .  .1-  Mr.  IVlric 
suggests,  probably  a  branch  of  the  fair  I 
race.  The  geographical  position  is  all  in  favor  of 
the  race  having  come  into  Egypt  through  the 
western  and  £reat  oases,  :  \«  nth  and 

eighth  Egyptian  dynasties  were  still  living  at 
M. mi. his.  showii 


emphis,  snowing  thai   no  people  had 
themselves  ui>  ii  \>-\.    The  age  of  the 

new  race  is  fixed  l»y  tin-  juxtaposition  of  thi-ir 
burials  with  tho~  :irih  and  tin-  twelfth 

dynasties,  an  d  of  their  to\vn>  with  Imrials  of  the 
tw.-lfth  and  thirteenth  dynasties;  and  the  known 
history  further  limits  toe  date  to  between  the 
seventh  and  ninth  dynasties,  or  about  3000  n.  c. 
The  account  of  the  discovery  given  hy  Mr.  «thii- 
bell  is  parallel  with  Dr.  Petne's,  and  in  harmony 
with  it;  and  these  two  authors  agree  in  the 
supposition  that  the  people  of  the  new  race 
were  Libyans  who  invaded  Egypt  at  or  after 
.....  f  the  sixth  dynasty—  perhaps.  Mr. 
V"il"'H  suggests,  they  were  the  foreigners  who 

Mll.V.-rted  the  old  empire. 

\nti<|iiitiex  II-MIII   heir-el-ltahari.      An  ex- 

h£bitk>n  of  articles  from  the  temple  ai  i».-ir-i-i- 

Bfthari  ^iven  in  London  in  July  included  many 

object-  Interest  and  value  dating  from 

about  1400  B.  c.     Among  them  were  a  sei 
tools,  models,  and  vases  which  had  been  marked 
with  the  name  of  Queen  HaUhepsu. 
and  deposited  below  th.  foundations  of  the  i.-m- 
ple.    His  metal  blades  of  the  tools  are  of  IM 
and   the  handles  and  wooden  objects  of  syca- 
more.  There  were  besides  these  jars  of  unglazed 
red  ware,  pots  of  alabaster  with  original  covers, 
wooden  models,  probably  of  thrashing  sledges, 
wooden  hoes,  the  leathers  of  which  were  foun<! 
in  Kundlos  close  by;  adzes,  adze  handles,  stands 
of  basket  work  for  jars,  a  sacrificial  knit 
axe.  and  blue  scarabei  of  the  queen.     A  number 
of  large  painted  coffins  contained  complete  all 
the  accessories  of  burial—  the  bead  n--:-   with 
genii  in  blue  headwork  on  the  breasts  of   the 
dead  ;  the  wooden  hawks  and  jackals,  s> 
of  Hom  and  Anubis.  on  jrnard  over  the  coffins: 
and  the  wooden  boxes  filled  with  blue 


f«-«-t.  The  mummies  in  them 
are  those  of  a  priest  of  Khon*u.  his  mother,  and 
her  sitter;  and  all  were  found  together  in  a  pit 


excavated  ai  a  later  period  than  the  qu<- 

collapse  of  the  roof  above.    A  curious  illustra- 

f  MI  ancient  Egyptian  belief  it  afforded  by 

ittn  having  a  pair  of  baby  shoe*  bur- 

fed  with  it.    The  shoes  en-  rut  m  two  to  render 

them  useless  to  a  spoiler,  while  they  would  re- 

al food  M  ever  fur  the  child'*  UM  in  • 

:  carry  Mid  wear  iu  *hor*  alternately  on  iu 
!%*  they  oarried  and  wore  their* 
.  does  still)  oo  earth.  Near  thr 

,-.•!,„«  .i.»,..  -J.r  -,,,,:.!.,-.  ,.  ..•*:,..  ,..-,:.:,    . 


Iab,lonlaa.-The 


in  the  valle    of  the 
m»t«- 

has  axeaVair 
f  alluvul 

f   Alexander's 


•'-• 

-    '         r 


i   1*.  r  l-hfledelpaia,  who 

in  the  region,  on  UM  basi. 

.      -;     ,'-        .     .     ,  '-         • 

•--       •-.•..-:          •  .       '       . 


I,  .  !...!,  in.  i)  otJl  ii  '*"  OB  <»«•«  ••  M  «  brjtti  m  •» 
t  ......  air  ritual  A  numb*  ol  la*  <  wtt 

1-r.u.t  QlotlMl  n  lT-.nl  evide*  .....  f  Uw  survival  of 
UM  practice  of  mummification  far  into  Christian 
time*.  One  of  a  IMV 

r  bearin*  upon  the  controversy  at  to 
UM  remarriage  • 

••••••k  .it    \i,  xi.idrla.-An 


te]  n 

<,<ti»am*r  //.-The 

inscription*  and  sculptures  on  the  Mark  marble 
liseovered  by  Uvard 
,ro«d  in  1846.  and  pteserred  ta  ith.  6riu 


exploration  of  the  ancient  < 
ha*  been  made  by  M  -aVth. 

.ilf  ..f  th.-   K.- 

it  rerealing  any  promise  of  important  dis- 
coveries.   The  central  part  of  the 

tnm  r.  to  :»•  Be*  thick  Meth  .   BpnS  3 
A  mb  living  refuse,  containing  no  objects  of 

r*t.      Su.-h    P-tnmi.H  „>  .-x^l  ..f   th.     |;..MU,M 


one  of  the  groups  of  flgur**-wbich 
cupy  *>  panels-records  the  sui 
to  the  Assyrian  king  and  his 

:.  •  .  "         '  i     -     .-      .: 

prostrate  be! ore  the  great 
hit  ambassador.    On  other 


are 

the  appearance  of  'baring  been  nnn.il  MV: 
iyttematii-ally.    while    immediately  below  thut 
water  ta  are  found  that 

ti,  nahMtobeidetL  Mr.  Bogarth  boooriiM  : 
that  nogrvat  mine  of  museum  treasure  romain.H 
to  be  explored  under  Alexandria:  that  itt  libra- 
ries have  perishc  :m<  1  1  hat  al  1  t  he  mon- 

s  have  been  destroyed  or  robbed  of  what 

give  them  value  an<l 

••xcavations  of  Dr.  Botti,  the  Director  of 

Mu*-um.  in  th.-  neighborhood  of 

1'illar,  have  result.-.)  in  tho  discovery 

..f  UM  Berapeom,  wfaeti  th,-  laej   •  f  kfat  |M 

hi  .rari«  of  Alexandria  was  preserved.    The  dis- 

Borerlai  belude  th.-  pi*c\*a  ..f  UM  fountain    f 

the  AcropolK  with  thr  <-hanm»N  nit  through  the 

rock  which  conducted  the  water  to  it  :  inscrip- 

tion* of  th.  i  1  ail  rian  and  Sevens,  dedi- 

:  is  in,.  I  th.-  .:•  >hined 

with    hun   in   the  temple*':  remains  of  gilded 

ornaments  and  n  Lull  of  flne  workmanship,  all  of 

••ame  from  the  great  central  court  ;  a  few 
tombs:  and  long  subterranean  passages  cut 
through  the  rock  under  the  site  of  ancient 

.nd  once  accessible  from  the  court.    The 


are  depicted  bearing  in  tht 
shoulders  too  articles  of 
composed.  TwoAssyrian 

scroll,  from  which  he  reads  the  proffered  mb- 

::.-.:..:.•  .      •        '      .-'  "     -  .     - 

:;.;..    ,,;,-,;,,  ,    ,  , ...  .;;;; 

.1  -        •      /.       •  /.  .  •       : 

—In  a  paper  read  in  the  Anglican  Church  Con- 
gress at  Norwich  Pr.  f.  A.  11.  -.,-..-  iirmsitsjd 
<«tudir*  with  those  of 
other  Orientalists  of  the  collection*  of 

•-X--    sj    : 


been  ooOeoted  during^sereral  yearjjaet^in  re- 


hes prosecuted  in  Kgy^c, Syria,, 

tamia  a>  N-arinc  -n  th.- .  Ndftffllj  -  f  th.  i  .M  .V-i 
New  Testaments. 


MSJU  are  very 

..  ..  :.    .      , 


passages  are  broad  and  lofty,  and  were  originally 
raced  with  masonry.  Here  an.i 

he  lamps  whirh  illuminated  the 
passages, 
I  M  ..f    Phils?.  -The    Egyptian 

>ters  has  approved  a  proposal 

to  make  a  thorough  examination  of  the 

bates  of  the  temple,  and  explore  the  subter- 

ranean passage*  that  !and.    The 

will  be  done  by  the  1'iiblir  Works  Depart- 

an  officer  from  th<  tea  Depart- 

ment attending  to  insure  that  all  objects  of  in- 
terest are  preserved. 


them  date  back  to  a  period  s 
teriortothctimcofkoses.  Of  the 
b^ofUMteaUasoai  UMJ  ,:'  rd,tt» 
that  we  now  know  that  the  Mosaic  age  in  the 
East  was  a  highly  literary  one,  and  thai  it  would 
have  been  a  miracle  if 

Egypt  or  in  Canaan,  hail  not  »haml  in  the  gvoe- 
ralUterarv.  :e.  In  the  century  be- 

fore the  Exodus  an  active  nm  lenjMiiMliiii  <  was 
constantly  going  on  from  the  banks  of  the  N 
those  of  the  Eoph rales,  and  this 
was  in  the  foreign  language 

ofBaMonia,] *afln7t 

the  civilixvd  Kast  of  seaoois  and  libraries,  of 
toacihnrs  and  pupils.  The  antiquity  of  Baby- 
lonian literature  was  equally  great.  The  chief 
hoastcd  of  their  libraries, 
some  of  which  ha.1  been  fomndcd  six  thousand 
years  ago.  and  at  the  very  tin*  when  Abraham  was 
bora  In  Ur  of  UM Chelies  one  of  itenoeta  was 

formed  the  dose  of  a  long  prmding  period  of 

cerned,  we  can  not  too  soon  rid  otirselves  of  the 
notion  that  literature  is  a  modern  invention. 
Moses,  then,  could  have  written  the  Pentateuch. 
an-l  those  to  whom  it  i*  addressed  could  bare 
read  and  understood  it.  The  books  of  the  Old 
Testament  are  but  a  fragment  of  the  Hebrew 


NK  RBPniLIC. 




in*  of  numerous  fifebrew  words  and  (rrainmat- 
»2oouetrucUos*  is  merely  a  matter  of  oaojao- 
tmm  Tha  Assyrian  monuments  have  n 

—  *  k^Mlwt  iii  i^^iaiiiliia  ****  ^miflcat ion 
nfwva  wipiv*  ••  i^n^v^v        «• 

{f^HTto^wJEL  aH  MMtaT  boo*1.  ?K£ 

>••!•<.  Mil  I 


W      •••••••      M»      VTWMMB      •••«•      ••  H  IIHBl 

S!ii..mi.l.  and  upon  the  ^theuUdty  of  the  ma- 

•--iii w»  Mti^r  lafa* Lhem.    OontemDoraneous 

mvmv  •••»  ^iw^*  ••***  ^^^Tk      •« 

ilmisminlr   are   eonUoually  beinff  discovered 


Uw  imih  and  historical  character 
.«n«ia>    Thus  a  direct  and 


'  •     .,      '    '  ,-;,.'. 

.     :  .        -      .:.       '      •:•• 

in  a  mrtm  of  Ubl«is  nlaUng  to  mil- 
in  thai  recta,  in  one  of  which 


Km*  Rri-  Aku  ( AriochK^Tur^  ( Kllasar)  is  asso- 
cmtad  with  the  Princes  Kudur-I*gamar  (Ched- 
•ar)  and  Tttd-Khal  (the  Tidal  of  dene- 
In  eonneotion  with  the  overthrow  of  Fn- 
Akm,  ami  the  Samites  by  Kh«mmura)>i.  the 
rival  kinf  of  Babylon,  recorded  in  other  tablets. 
Mr  T.ff  Pinches  ha*  found  thai  the  names  of 
Urn  kings  of  the  dynasty  to  which  Khammu- 


rabi  beion<ed  are  not  Babylonian  or  Assyrian, 

ii         >. 

names,  as  wall  as  to  south  Arabian  names;  and 
he  has  found  in  contract  tables  dated  in  the 
reicns  of  Khammurabi  and  other  kings  of  the 
djiasty  the  names  of  Yakub-ili  aodYasuD-ffl, 
of  Jaoob^l  and  Joseph^L  The  names,  hot 
says,  -are  dUUnctively  Hebrew,  and 
in  the  very  crntur.  !,  the 

the  lifetime  of  Abraham  Hebrews 
have  been  living  in 


. 


Babykmia.-    The  Bfryptian  monumenU  of  the 

.  .  !V    .    •   •        •  ,:/.    „ 

'.  .       :/.      '..     ,..:.!    -••... 

andProt  FUndenP. 

Pharaoh,  Jacob-el,  who 

t>y  Asiatic 


mladb] 


conquerors. 


Bri-AIra 


Abram,  further,  had  been  already 
in  Babylonian  contracts  of  the  time  of 

-      \:         '. 


The   relationship  of  the 


of  this  dynasty  both  to  Hebrew  and  to 
mes  may,  moreover,  be  taken 
that  the  Hebrews  and  the  tribes  of 


Arabia  had  a 
the*  Un 

in  UlnstraUon 


ancestor,  and 
was  in  Babr- 
we  read  in  the 


chapter  of  Genesis  that  "Unto  Boer  were 
two  sons."  one  of  whom  was  Peleg.  the  an- 
of  Abram,  and  the  other  was  Joktan  the 


as  Joktan,  the 

ssor  of  the  tribes  of  southern  Arabia. 
AMfJmXB  HEPl  BLIC,  a  federal  repub- 
Be  •  South  America,    The  President  is  elected 
lor  ail  rears  b?  slsetors  chosen  in  the  several 


• 

-         N. 


yr^^-ss^ss 

of  whom  one  half  are  renewed 
k  They  are  emoted  by  direct 
«.  The  rVsmient  of  the  repub- 


for  the 
tTriburu,  who,  as  Vice-l 


Saens  Pefta  when  the  Utter  resigned,  on  Jan.  -j-j, 
1808.  The  following  Cabin  Mi.v  in  the 

•f  18M:  In'  K,  Vmntnna 

eign  Affnirv.  |»r.   Fduardo  Costa;   Finance,  Dr. 

:  .lust ice,  Worship,  ami   Instn. 

:|.,p,,s. 

The  area  of  the  country  is  1,196,066  « 
miles.  The  population  was  estimated  at  4,257,- 
000  in  1882.  The  census  of  1805  makes  it  over 
4,750,000.  The  population  of  Buenos  Ay  res,  the 
eupitnl.  in  1805  was  690,000,  over  25  per  < 
whmii  were  foreigners.  The  numl.er  of  immi- 
grant* who  arrived  in  1808  was  84,420 ;  the  total 
net  immigration  since  1878  was  1,1 1G,OQO.  A  IIH.IUT 
52,067  immigrants  who  landed  at  Buenos  Ayres 
in  1808,  Italians  numbered  87,077,  Spaniard! 
7.100.  i  '  M-rmans  066.  Russians  748, 

tins  685,  otli.  r-  l.'.'T'.t.     More  than  <-ne  fifth 

..f  the  total  imputation  arc  of  foreign  birth, most- 
ly Italians,  Frvn.-h.  and  Spaniards.  There  are 
also  many  English  ami  (iiTinan  settlers.  The 
immigration,  which  Ml  off  on  account  of  the 
:n.m  260,009  in  1880  to  188,407 
in  1800,  and  lower  still  in  the  succeeding  years, 
began  to  recover  in  1808.  Immigration 
the  British  Islands,  however,  continued  to  de- 

Fin.inees.— The  actual  revenue  for  1803  was 
$31,000,053  in  gold  and  $108,801. '>?:>  in  paper; 
the  expenditure  was  $31,808,149  in  .--M  and 
$07,627,056  in  paper.  The  revenue  for  1804 
was  estimated  at  $34,103,400  in  gold  and  $20,- 
280,000  in  paper,  and  expenditure  at  $1MK 
000  in  gold  and  $66,033,380  in  paper.  The 
a<tmtl  receipts  were  $27,700,500  in  gold  and 
$24,861, -I  TJ  in  paper.  For  1895  the  gold  re- 
ceipts are  estimated  at  $34,373.000.  of  whi.-h 
$28,800,000  are  import  duties.  $2.500.000  ex- 
port duties,  $700,000  stora.-.-  duties,  $840,000 
harbor  dues,  $150,000  consular  taxes,  $220,000 
charges  for  statistics,  and  $1,163,000  interest. 
The  revenue  paid  in  paper  (  urn  n<  \  is  estimated 
at  $23,825,000,  of  which  $1,600.000  are  land  taxes, 
$6,600,000  stamp  duties,  etc.,  $3,350,000  postal 
and  telegraph  receipts,  $4,820,000  railroad  re- 
ceipts, etc.,  $6,080,000  excise  duti.-s  and  $525,- 

000  miscellaneous  receipts.     The  expenditure 

1  i  L806  i-  mttaated  .-.»  *iMi-.:',o<>in  P,id  and 
$61,777,574  in  paper,  divided  as  fol 

gress,  $1,060,016 paper ;  Interior,  $2,644,8<> 
and  $18.670,878  paper;  Foreign  Affairs.  $150,- 
060  gold  and  $788,084  paper :  I  man. , .  * 
540 gold  and  $7,343,160  paper;  Justice  and  Wor- 
ship. $10.267.201  paper ;  War,  $14,623,128  j 
Marine,  $8,170,653  paper. 

The  external  debt  in  December,  1804,  amount- 
ed to  $21!M»20.172,  payabl.  8  total 
funded  debt  was  $262,033.716  in  gold  and  $46,- 
500,794  in  paper,  entailing  an  annual  charge  of 
*ll.l!«:ui«l  cold  mid  $2.100.00"                The  to- 
tal indebtedness  of  the  Government  in  .January. 
1804,  was  $416,778,005  in  gold  and  $63,!' 
in  paper.   Th«-  external   pr 
amounted  to  $131,000,000  in  trold,    with   $21,- 
000.000  interest  in  arrears  and  the  mm 
debU  to  $24,506,422  in  gold,  with  $607,061  un- 
paid interest 

The  Arm r  and  Nary.— There  is  a  regular 
army  of  1,308  officers  and  6,498  men  and  a  Na- 
tional Guard,  in  which  480,000  men  are  enrolled, 
of  whom  not  more  than  65,000  have  received 


N'B  RBPl'lil.K 


dniiig  of  any  kind.    The  military 
a.-adni.'y  ha-.itl-.ut  WlUH*     OMM*   :  -.'I. 

it  is  a  M-h 


the  naval  academy  about  60  cadets  are  in  train- 
ing,  and80men  inagunnenrachooi.  The  nary 
consists  of  8  armored  cruisers,  S  Moond-claa* 

mftwHt  i-  ,.f  th,  third  ofaiiTi  .:,,.:-.  r-.  ,,:,i 

8  flrst-claa*  ajvd  6  second-class  torpedo  bmtl, 

nf  th,-ann..r.-,l.-ru>-rr..a,        V.n.mi    '     I',      - 

cam.*  * 

Of  14 


fruiu  in  drop,  27  ceoU;  lard,  8 

•rile.    I*  rr|.t,  »  htfr.       Thr   dull    •  Jl   l-I.c   1  ull.Uf 

If  considerably  reduced,  while  coal  and  ooke 


|'lat«*n. 
as,  and   has  a 


chines,  with  or  without 

h.n.l.-r-  ar.    pajsll    ?r.. 

The  trade  in   jerked 
Brazil.  Cuba,  and  othe 

taut   trade  in 
Kngkod, 


aj    | 


•    .  i'-.. 


upp  guns  in  pairs  in  a  barbette,  be- 
inoheft  of  armor  on  the  aide*.    The  oruieer  -  9  de 


a  natural  d 


a  displacement 
raught,  and  is 


Han  made  91*9 


is  armed  wit  it 


8-  and  4'7-inch  quick 

gunbuat  "Aurora"  steams  18'5  knota,  aiul  th. 

inch  and  8  small  quick-firing  guns,  can  make 
i  with  forced  draught    K< 


gium.    To  produce  beef  oatUe  for  the  ne 

••••/.     .    .  •     , 

lho«Mdi  of  ptdtanfl  bvtti  hs)v«  ben  uu- 
ported.    In  no  other  country  can  cattle  and 

count  of  the  rich  natural  grajeae  and  the  escep- 
:.  which  animals  can  be  fattened 
in  the  open  air  in  winter  in  wire-Ceneed  in- 
closurea.    Pour-year-old  graded  at  sen  raised  on 


rival 

were  tent  to  Europe  in  1896  to 
ohase  cruisen  to  be  added  to  the  nar> 

rvchrfctenea' 

fommem>  and   Production.     Th.    psjhM     f 
109  to  gold,  and  of  tne  exports  $92, 


- 
thereof, 

Umber  and  wood 


of  fattening  cattle  for  export* 

iwrt  of  the  enoUo  cattle  across  the  Andes  to 

graded    animals   weighing  about 
pounds  to  Brazilian  port*,  and  the  ineet  and 
fattest   steers   to   England.      They    haw   Ml 
brought  as  much  within  U.orfst  a 
aerioan  corn-fed  cattle. 


chtM  much  within  U.  or  K  a  poosd  M 
h  American  corn-fed  cattle,  because  thet 
wilder  and  leas  uniform  in  sue.  age,  and 
it  r.  and  because  the  graavfed  meat,  Umgh 


•      :    . 


-         41-         .     . 

miiHaiM  And  Aninuu  »-•»— »— •*— -^  v^-f,..r^__    p  , 
cultural     |.r-lucU,     $4,789.718    maiuifn 
$-J/J.M.IW    tonal    pr.-du.-ts.    *:;•;-.  i  !•;    :     .,:.,] 

i*.  and  $8^05,804  miscellaneous  pn 
The  export  of  wool  was  128.280  tons ;  of  sheep- 
is.  25,589  tons;  of  wheat,  1,008,187  tons;  of 
us;  of  meat,  88,871  tons, 
and  silver  amounted  to 
ta   MAM     Tiu- 


w»«*w«    f»«pf^p^»        •  •  ••  i     9      v»        v* 

Indian  corn, 84,507  tons;  of  meat,  88,87 
HM  lap  rta  ai  nU 

$4.»;-..;>.  nd  C  - 


>uiu-.'fth,  trad,-  in  \Sfwmm 


GfWlBHUin 


lulr 


111  14.1*4 

•das 


UJJIJ? 


together  and  pay  *L  a  pound  for 
The  alfalfa  district.  aboviMjOOO 
square  miles  in  extent  has  been  taken  up  by 
the  English  graziers.  In  other  i«ns  of  the 
country  alfalfa  can  be  grown  only  by  the  aid  of 
irrigation.  The  export  of  lire  cattle  and  sheep 
in  1894  waa  officially  valued  at  over 
The  imports  of  meat  and  lire  Hook 
land  during  the  same  year  farlwiTtil 
frozen  sheep  and  89.000  quarters  of  fro 
besides  90.000  lire  sheep  and  28.000 
fn.m  the  Arp-ntu,,-  K,.|.iiblir.  Thr  j-n-lmtu-n 
of  wheat  has  greatly  Wreaeiri.  In  1888  the 
crop  wa*  .%6.?rMKW  l.u 
maize  also  has  bean 
conside  rable  surplus  \ 
The  trade  return  for  1894 


there  is  a 


••»  from  Qermany.  Belfpum.  Italy,  and  the 

•hose  from  Great  Bntain 

In  18!' i  ,it«l  States  con- 

tinued to  increase,  although  those  of  other  coun- 
w   tariff  adopted  bv   the 
1  ongreas  in  Fehruarr,  1895,  is  favor- 
as  on  many  products  and  manufac- 
tures of  this  country.  '  The  new  .hi tie*  on  some 
irm  wagons,  10  per  eent.  ad 
valorem;  binding-twine,  5  per  cent;   plows.  5 
per  cent. :  mowing-machinee,  5  per  cent. :  rosin, 
o  per  cent ;  wood  pulp.  3$  per  cent ;  canned 
fruit  or  vocables.   i:>  4vnt>  in  |X>W    DM    kfl    . 


vahu  of  imports  $Mj800uDOD  in  fold,  and  that  of 
exports  $101.700.0001 

Sai  (ration.— The  number  of 
in  foreign  trade  entered  at 


infW*  ~  9^48.  of  UMfXflDO  toos,of  which 

of  710.100  tons,  were  sailing  fin  ill.  Of  the 
Wr.  4^99,  of  1.87<W  tow  were  AT- 
The  British  tonnage  was  2.7SMOO 


There  were 

of  railn«d  in  operation  in  1894.  in  which  $»9.- 
457.908  in  cold  were  inveated.    The  receits  in 


!-, 


«,,.i    la    •:.     !.   : 
t4S»107)S01  of  the 
lines,  $88359.821;    Unea 
M;    line*  aided 


,:  tal; 

built   by 

by  the 


H 


AROKXT1NK  RKPUU.U '. 


AKIZONA. 


*mooo.ooo 

it  taveeud  in  Argentine 


an  IfUlft  »Uas  of  telegraphs.  o 
MrtlatbeJonjr 


«— 


i«0  forwarded  U8.6U&0 
and  IMOO.OOO  foreign  >^jj™ 

^1±^S$u!^f^^e 

(l£2gmatl.a  of  the  PratHtat-A  c- 
eras*  to  the  twinning  of  the  year  betwert 
tree*  irhich  bad  been  called  tofrt 

! 

ami  President  SeenxPella.    The 
an   expenditure   of    $•„».- 
in  cold  for  war  material  in  view  of 
Me  oomplioation*  with  Chili  on  the  ques- 

M  '       '     T    P    _•:, 

ed  and  Dr.  A.  Alcorta  reluctantly 
portfolio  on  Jan.  9.    A  bill  was 
maid  granting  a  five  years*  rnor,it.,r<«,,,  to 
the  Prorindalllortgage  Bank,  authorizing  it 
md  the  pavment  of  coupons  and  to  allow 

•  urrency 
roof 
voluntary 


Bosario,  Santa  Fe,  and  Cordova 
Mlities  obtained  the  privilege  of 
paying  the  into**  and  principal  of  their  bonds 
b  cvrreocy  instead  of  in  gold.  Still  they  did 
not  pay  anything.  The  Congress  passed  another 

.      •          S,-         .      .,     .    r'-M-nl    to 

MMneine  eitemal  debts  of  the  provinces, 

the  special  order  of  business  had  been 
of  Concress  adopted  a  resolution  in 
President  to  grant 
,i-l  in  Hu- 
nt refused  to  enter- 
tain the  request,  which  he  treated  as  an  invasion 
He  considered  that  it  would 
tdtatolineof  the  army  and 
trs  who  had  taken  part  in 

i          .,..:,'       :       »V.. 


ing  with  the  Piwident,  rerigned  in  a  l»ody  on 
Jan.  It  and  he  was  unable  to  find  persons  to 
lake  their  plaosa.  On  Jan.  <S  President  PeOa 


in  hi.  b^ESA**  haa  upheld  the 
.»• .  and  the  Constitution,  permitted  the  free 
•Mnbe  of  .-hi «.  and  maintained  dis- 

f¥jy>  W  «nny  at..l  navy,  and  that  he  had 
kavt  hie  praise  not  to  contract  new  debts  or  to 

II        •         -    , 
i'r  ••       •, 


the  policy  of  the  Oovernni«  m  would  ho  to  re- 
store the  financial  prestige  of  the  country  l.\ 
economies  in  the  public  service  and  the  abo- 
lition of  the  floating  <l<  i>i.  Til.-  .jll.-stioi,  ofthr 

htioi     '  •;,.   paper  money  \\oni.i  !„•  oon- 
sidered,  and  steins  wouNi  !>••  t.-.i,.  n   for  th< 
nu-nt  of  tin-  railroad  fruarante«>s.     Th«    il 
.1. -lit  under  t  ho  existing  law  was  being  converted 
into  consols,  of  which  $5,670,600  had  been  issued. 
••.-•I.  ni  was  opposed  to  these  issues,  and 
expected  to  be  able  by  means  of  rigid  economy 
to  clear  off  the  Heating  debt. 

The  budget  for  1806  estimated  the  expenses 
at  $85,500,000  in  paper  an.l  $20. 1'.r,' uoo  in  -,,1,|. 
There  was  an  increase  in  the  army  and  navy  es- 
timates to  provide  for  purchases  of  ships, 
and  other  armaments  made  by  commissioners 
who  went  •  uts  on 

account  of  tin-  public  «l«  -lit  n-tiunnrd  toe  same  at 
in  the  budget  for  1895.    To  obtain  the  addi- 
tional   revenu.-  r.Mjuirr.l.  the   Government    pro- 
posed to  add  a  surtax  of  1  per  cent,  on  all  prod- 
ucts assessed  on  the  ad  valorem  system.  In 
ing  the  duty  "ii  nil  imports,  and  to  augment  tin 
int. -riuil  duties  on  alcohol  and  tobacco  in  a  imu -h 

LBIZONA,  a  Territory  of  the  fnit.-d  states, 

organized  Feb.  14,  1868;   area,  113,020  SMU.IK 

miles.    The  population,  according  to  each  «li- 

was  9,658   in    1H70;   40,4-in   in 

1880;  and  59,680  in  1890.     Capital,  I'M,  nix. 

<.o\. -rnmenl.—  The  following  were  th 

d  officers  during  the  year:  Governor.  Loni^ 
c.  Huu'hes  Democrat;  Secretary,  C.  .M.  I 

!'.  .1.  Coir:  Auditor,  c.  P.  L.-itdi; 
Ailjutant  (ieneral.  Kdward  Schwartz;  Attorney- 
GencrHl,  !•'.  .1.  Heney:  Superintendent  of  In- 
>t  met  ion.  I-'.. f.  Hetherton:  chief  .lustier  of  the 
Supn-me  Court.  Albert  C.  Maker;  Associate  Jus- 
tices, John  .F.  Ila-.vkin-.  Owen  T.  Ron.-. 
James  D.  Bethune. 

Finances.— The  Territory  has  attained  a  hi^h 
degree  of  financial  prosperity.    In  1891  its  treas- 
ury showed  a  d.-ti,  it  of  more  than  $42,000;  in 
1898,  one  of  more  than  $51,000:  and  in  1893, 
one  of  more  than  $84,000.     In  1893  Con 
authorized  the  funding  of  all  the  municipal  in- 
debtedness of  the  T.-rritory  at  5  p.-r  cent,    t'nder 
this  authority,  maturing  parts  of  the  debt  will 
be  replaced  by  a5-per-cent  loan,  where  they  can 
not  be  paid.    Through  the  practice  of  economy, 
the  treasury  held  a  surplus  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal 
fear  1894 of  $6V888, and  in  the  fiscal  yea: 
it  was  able  to  reduce  the  Territorial  indebtedness, 
.h.ly  1.1894,  aggregated  $874.r, 
The  total  bonde 


_  » 
lla:  Poreiim  Affairs, 

2S~&£T3 

hj*l~tOr«SSl5«d 


Mton  M.TS.ttMt 


»:  the  floating  dei.t.  $170,523— total, 
:.  of  whieh  $1,331,899  was  the  aggre- 
gate of  county  and  city  indebtedness,  1« 
the  net  Territorial  debt  as  above. 

Valuation*.- The  assessed  valnal         >f  all 
taxablepropertv  in  1894  was  $2:  <nd  in 

1895  $27^518,838,  an  increase  of  $456,358. 

Banking.— On  l^l.  Ari/.ona  had  5 

national  banks.  The  total  capital  was  $400,- 
000;  amount  of  United  States  bomh  field  to 
secure  eirt-ulntu.n,  $100,500;  coin  and  coin  oer- 
tiftoates,  $109,458.05;  notes  issue.]  for  cn-eula- 
tion.  $244^00— redeemed  $147,350,  out  standing 
$97.450;  and  loans  and  di^ounts.  $524.804.  The 
•rial  banks  numbered  4,  and  had  aggre- 


gated  capital  of  ittOJOO,  resources  of  $ljt7,- 

M 

\SKn9USKmE^*1*M 

lover  that  of  1894,  and  four  times  that  of  1808; 
the  output  of  silver  wi 

;  a  decrease  of  over  I 


Kallra*4fe>-0n  Dw.SU  1808.  the  toUl 


track  mlkefe  was  1.161-97;  during 
•sed  ineir  mileage  by  19*3  (the 


; 


that  of  t 


the  previous  year ;  the  copper  output  wa* 

089  pounds,  value  $f).-Jd;,(U  I  ;  and  the 
lead  output,  $850,000  in  value.  The  total  value 

i  ml  I  ion  exports  of  the  year  was  $11,965,- 
111,  and  the  total  value  of  the  gold,  silver,  and 
•  ••I  |*  r  |.r--lu.-!;..n  -f  th.-  la-'.  i,:i..  :..  M  faftfl 

$llE780a96. 

1 1 ure.-'l  i  Department     Uginlat tire' are 

.criculture  reported  as  follows  on  the  prin-    stringent  ptovni 
crops  of  1KH4:  Corn.  4,558  acre*.  84.779 


48.    tbe  Santa  Fe, 

ruad  «a*  eiirnd«l  to  11,,  nn  and  was  formally 

opaned  at  the  capital  on  Feb.  08L 

l -l..  'ri^~-Durinfl895  the  exports  of  Itun- 
bar  afgrented  OejOOOgDOO  feet ;  wool,  8J04.180 
imntJUM  fhtm  sfl  MO  hides.  7L500-  and  acri- 

J  f^pwip  •    «*e»»«aa^    •  n^^»w  9    mmn*  snjc** 

cultural  product,  rrr  $1.779.000. 

.f  which  lOared^ly  and»weaklj. 
I    litical.-Amonflner 


lMl»hrls.  value  $H4.?71»  ;  whe«l.  1 1.IMMI  m  n-,,  INT.- 

OOObuabeb,  raC   *i-:.,BM, .  t,iri< ,.  ..,...„;,; ., .. .. 

$4440  busheU.  value  $80,308 ;  and  hay, 

._...•.-:       ...  ,    *;;.;  ..-     -    • 

.  k.-ln  January.  1896.  the   1 
BtntaiDapai 

nuiiiU-r  and  value  of  farm  aninmU  in  the  Ter- 
as  follows:  Horses  54^78.  valu.    > 


againrt  UM  ekctire 


- 

11878.  value  $884.755;  oxen  and  other  cattle 
449,008.  value  $6,261.204;  aheep  746.W6.  valu. 
• 
total  value.  $9.400,491. 

ration.  ;«,000  acre*  of  land  under 

cultivation  in  INK.',,  all  exrri.lir 

ated.     An 

165,000  acres  an  now  watered  by  imp- 
ing canals,  bat  hare  not  been  put  un 

The  gross  increase  of  the  fanning  area  in 
18MWM  48/100  aorn  Oanafcaad  rtonMtnw 
voiw  now  i.  traction  will  r> 

000  acres  within  the  next  two  years,  and  other 
works  in  c<>:  i\  will  bnnp  under  mlti- 

vation  over  750,000  acres  more.    Oov.  Hughes 
recommends  the  creation  of  a  board  • 
MflllMf^MMBltf^  of  the  Territorial  irrffSjU  n 
engineer  and    two  I  ites  army  engi- 

neers. to  inspect  all  irrigation  works,  in  order  to 
guard  against  disaster  resulting  from  breaking 
of  ilnin*  «>r  irrii: 

I  .lnr.it  ion.  -otjil  nuinU-r  •  • 

schools  in  1895  was  11.- 
•  •  achers  employed.  814  ;  amount 
>n  Mlariei  dnrin|  tfi   fwr,  H87J9L87] 
i  axpeaditiirei  tar  p^ic-sobool  po 
i.r.:.y«:  t.-tai  falw  3  pabik  nhoi  I 

high  schools:    for   the  .-.1 

iiul  Muni  ;  ami  f.-r  militarv  .-duration  in 

IktMbUeiobook    A  n,-«  iorMUobo.  :  W  : 
inf  to  being  erected  at  a  oast  of  $4*500.  and  a 

reform  *-h....l   at   KlauMafl  «  ,11    U-  ,.,i,..i.:ir  !, 

in   1896.     GOT.  Hughes  recommends  that  the 

ry  be  leased 

one  therefrom  to  be  ap|>n>})riated  to  the  main- 
schools,  claiming  that  $75.000 
annum  would  be  red  i  zed  from  this  source. 
sectarian  school  enrollment  is  estimated  at 
TOO,  and  the  annual  cost 
•ohoob  $10^00, 


per 
The 


providing  for  a  Territorial  board  of  insurance 
commissioner*;  an  act  creating  the  county  of 
Navajo ;  an  act  creating  a  Territorial  board  of 

the  aei  eaUbUahiog  a  board  *f 


:  an  amendatorvaot  making  the  quell- 
flcation  for  holding  pubfic  office  the  abil.tr  to 
nad  and  vrkV  UM  hai  i   .,-,    .,.     | 
create  a  Territorial  board  of  control  for  chari- 
table,  penal,  and  reformatory 
aotprovidinff  a  penalty  for7 


gin 

era  ;  an  act  raising  the  age  of  < 
teen  to  eighteen  Tears;  and 
watts  of  water. 
\i:k  vN>\s. 
.ion  June  15. 
The 


according  U> 
ainrion.  was  r 

n:    :   I   M  111    I     I8H 


i-iu;  •j,n..-..;  ta  IfltH 
tn  i-:..;  aotJOOfai 

CioTernment-The  following  were  the  State 
officer*  during  the  year:  Governor.  Janes  P. 

Clark,-.   Dein,,-rat;   Secretary  of  Slate,   H     H 

'••     '        ';,  '-'  '   i  •  •     '•'     '       "• 

i  reaMirer,  Ranson  Gnlley ; 
ateoar  of  State  Lends  and  Timber  Agent  f 

Instruction.  Junins  Jordan;  Cbnunanioner  of 
Mines.  Manufactures,  and  Agriculture, 

,:.<-.,.     ;  :,     >  ... 

G.  Bunn;  Assndats  Justices,  81- 


tin  James  P.  rV*Mn^*n^  v^  L. 

Le*Ulatlfe   Se«alen.-The  thirtieth  bian- 

-         f  ••.   n,,,^.  AsjHri  ..  bafH  •  i 

Jan.   14.   1895,  and  continued  until  April   10. 

During  the  seventy-five  days  on  which  the  La*- 

iolature  sat  088  bills  were  introduced  in  the 

Senate  and  479  in  the  House.    The  missifi  of 

the  incoming  Governor  was  devoted  entirely  to 


for  revising  the  State  Consti- 
suggesting a  means  by  which  prori- 
mignt  be  made  for  paying  the  current  in- 

:       :.'!..     --..'        i.  !•          \- 

e  laws  are  the  following  : 


!  |  ,• 


1^    -l,,^-;,,;.-     »._    wiaK    

•«••••  Or  HSevllS»|  BS   DOT   aiPirwi 

than  ISt  per  esnTof  the  east  of  a 


.-:        , 


AI:K  UIBAA 


and  decreeing  that  all  evidences  of  debt  not  so 
shall  forever  be  barred  from  payment. 
lirM    \\as   i^ui-.l 

•vvml  bonds  h*ve  been  presented  for  pavm.-i,! 
which  were  found  to  have  been  ]><n<l  already  by 


•SJMT         I    lUSill     •    •»!•••  II    |B    Ottdt,       C 

ftsttsl4WM*^W^fe  4vV^SP  SMM^sS   f^haMtt. 

^^^^mSSfST^ff^  who 

Mrfam  ~fi  <»,  or  Amriali >•«••?  •».  «V 
JMtrlinti ilofasiyktodandaroootm 


.    •    .- 


•hall 
build- 


••••••      •  •••- 

it  is  made  lawful 


•>  I  r  Ji  ill  «f  Urtator.  or  inliilatt.  it  is  made  lawful 
*r  «Mlsr  or  a*U«rUd  para  topuMbh  .  call  to 
•Mb  tlSlMi  or  Mm  to  appear.  Otherwise,  bo  de- 
M  to  o«0t  oTprolwli  eUrk,  Mbject  to 


n  empowered  to  refund  existing 

l^dKifM^M  IkV  l^Mninty  IwMwla  A^  tKnir 

In  II^M  «/  Kr*w4«    t^MtrtfrtHk  JMllail 

'  '   •'     • 

tfcMii  Mdar  any  lav  of  UM  State, 
To  crwto  eovoty  htxrilt  of  nodiooi 


To  tax  lealnBaT  bank  notaa,  United  Stataa  legal 


Osted 


liroilstliif  as  currency,  and  for  other 


n»sri »t>  ttat  tighisSissMdar  oath. 

•  -  -    .. 


fiTiTiii.ii  ••,•.!. 

|O  M|fV   WOQiW    1MB   OH 

*^o  ptorid*  for  tL  aopd 
Hsi  uflki  nissi  iifcaill^ii^i 
Toriiwiaaist  UM  Board  of 


•     •     , 


ofboudaofi 

of  the 


oaUwful  for  any  dub  to  keep  i- 


pw  silvw.     If  UM  aftfoM  to  stamped  -coin,«  or 
*^4^**miW\»9o*S*Sn 


•  •     •..  ;, 

.     •        -,.- 

puwrilrer. 
Auditor  Mills  di»- 


only   1.758.  whirl, 

.       .  -.         .... 


The  Direct  Tax  fuml  wan  created  by  the  ap- 
propriation, by  an  act  <>f  ('undress  of  Biaroh  'J. 
f  |156t272.65  t..  n-fun.l  tin-  din-ct  tax 
paid  by  Arkansas  to  the  National  (i-\.  rinnrnt 
in  18(»and  1866.  The  account  of  this  fund  at 
the  beginning  of  the  year  is  an  follows  :  Original 
•.:.:.  IUM7160;  oo  Had  Jan.  i.  isi»:s.  s:,-.. 
505.00;  received  May  28,  1898,  $15.170.'j; 
burned  between  .Ian',  l.  ix«::.  .-,n,l  .1 

;  ....  han.Uan.  1,  lw  .'..  * 
condition  of  the  controversy  between  tin- 
Oovenunent  of  th,-  I  -s  and  th. 

.  f  Arkansas,  as  indicated  by  the  Oovfrn..rs 
message  on  this  subject  is  as  follows  :  The  Gen- 
eral Government  acquired  by  purchase  in  1888, 
for  ttic  use  of  vii:  funds.  $708,000  face 

value  of  Arkansas  State  bond-.  \\  In-  • 
accrued  interest,  amount  to  $2,671,052.50.    For 
twenty  yearspressure  for  payim-nt  has  been 
made.    In  1889  the  State  Legislature  con 
upon  not  plenary  power  to  represent 

the  State  in  a  negotiation  looking  to  a  final  set- 
tlement In  1891  Congress  conferred  upon  tin- 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  and  the  Secret; 
tin-  TvBMorj  similar  power,  and  these  officials 
appointed  a  committee  to  conduct  the  investi- 
on  the  part  of  the  Government.  <>n  the 
receipt  of  their  report  to  the  secretaries,  a  <  <  u 
f.  ren,  ,  1..  t\\r,  n  the  secretaries  and  the  G 
or  followed  with  a  view  of  reaching  a  definite 
basis  of  settlement.  Terms  of  agreement  were 
decided  upon,  and  a  bill  ratifying  them  was  sub- 
in  itt.nl  to  Congress  in  I-Ybnmry.  The  State 
Legislature,  by  a  concurrent  resolution  of  both 
Houses,  formally  assented  to  the  settlement 
agreed  upon.  The  State  had  put  in  count,  r- 
clairas  to  almost  the  full  amount  claimed  by  the 
Government  The  Governor's  message  says  : 

We  had  nnd'iKputrd  credit*  to  the  amount  of  $S68,- 
281.18.    To  extinguish  th.-  law  !•»  nidean 

effort  to  show  tluit  tin-  l.alance  won  cquitnhh 
ffuiahed  by  claitnn  arintng  in  our  favor  »ut'  «.t  the 

"f  the  General  (;•>%-,  -nitnent  to  p.-it.-nt  t«.  thin 
State  all  of  the  lands  co  \  MOM  the 

Swamp  Land  (Jrant  of  is.V>.  "Th' 
aouree  "t"  <nir  ootmter-claim,  although  \v.-  m:i 
were  allowed,  <-<.nsi<lrru 
tiooal  ntztecnth  wotiorw  and  for  land*  t«.  wliieli  \\<- 

tied  under  what  „  Land 

(;rant    Thcae  two  Ian  re.    We 

w«r»  alao  allowed  credit  for  $206,000.  being  »  per 
cent  of  cawh  derived  bv  th.    General  Govi-r 
from  nale  of  oublic  lands  in  thia  State,  as  we  w. 
credited  with  $7,000  for  use  of  j*  iuriii)/ 

the  late  war,  as  place  of  continnnent  for  military 
prisoner*.    As  a  rwult  of  this  Kettlemcnt  the  State  of 
Arkannaa  U  to  receive  all  of  her  bondu  • 
except  160  bonds  of  $1.000  each,  coupons  tx  ; 
therefrom  up  to  Jan.  1,  1895,  and  in  return  the  State 
ia  to  releane  and  quit  claim  : 

all  claims  under  the  Swamp  La: 


Bank-,— On  May  7  the  deposits  on  hand  in 

the- national  banks  in  the  State  amounted  to 

'he  loans  and  discounts  were  $2,- 

••  average  reserve  fund  was-43-37  per 

cent.    During  the  two  years  preceding  January, 


ABKAHBAS, 


A.N^M  [ATIOM  V  UN*  i. 


31 


i      i     i 


with  cap. 

iUl  *t.K-k  amounting  l»  $3U»U«JO. 

•Ic-The  total  valuation_of  railroad 

u  1894  wa»$ 
in  the  aesosstti- 

Mountain  assessment,  which  is 
than  last  year.    Next 

*!,.-«•  isjassssjen!  .  :  ••  ejaj  *„••»•'.'••'.  1  .'.-• 
mileage  is  not  tnaierially  changed  since  last 
•wtTewlMnawibemwmm^  5  mil  tnofa 


during  two  yean  by  the  Legislature  of  1898, 
$87,844.75  has  been  returned  to  the  treasury. 


sjottaj  rtook  Ma*  *i,*>"".""".     if,   road  will 
.  f  r.  -in  Ashdow  i  ver  County,  into 

nie-Mt— Fur   the  im- 
provein.m  of  th.-  It. 

MMMM 


$1.385.000   has   been    appro|  r 
The  improvement  consists  of  snagging,  dredg- 
ing.  and  protecting  by  revetments  and  levees. 
Education  —Toe      common  eohool       fund 
..  $381.855.87.  wae  apportioned  in 
Awnst  th,  nmbei  ..f  nkool  SSEn*  ...  ?i, 
iS    «-.»,.-    estimated    ej     188.711,   »n.l    ih. 
amount  apportioned    to  each 
cents,  a  balance  of  $958.04  remaining  . 

TheLegislature  appropriated  $10.000  a  year 
for  the  next  two  years  for  the  establishn: 

white 

teachers,  and  for  such  «•  i 
.T.-.I  keachen  <»*  may  i-  .1..  idad  m  i.  »-^  •;.-• 

maint-  •))«•  timn«  h  normal  ool leg* 

1807,  $11.400  was  a|.|.r..|.rmt.-.l.  a- 

- 

ntil  the  same  date.  The  u  r,  ports 

nt  the  close  of  the  school  year,  who 

I  h. iril.it. I.    I  n«t  it  ul  i-.il-. 

1894,  show 
.   that  date  the 

nusnU-r  <>f  inmates  was  485,  of  whom  888  were 
md  108  col..r.-l.     In  th-  Deaf  Mut. 

School  for 

••*»•  maintenance  $85^98.47  had  been  paid 

out    (luring    ttu>    preceding   eighteen    months. 

it  tons  made  bv  the  Legislaturv 

is  year  was    $57.188    for    the 

f  the  Insane  A 

all  f.  "ars.     To  repair  the 

damage  to  the  Insane  Asylum  > 

<>f  $4.500  was  made, 

the  asylum  and  from  the  Deaf  Mut 

mvt  with   '  :.tiary. 

'  he  maintenance 

,.f  c,,nfr,i,-r;,t,  Indian    !,'    In    •-,    ft  U    - 
••d  to  pensions,  $85,000  per  an- 

.  -The  report  of  the  conn 
Uo  the  management  of  th««  I' 
tiarv,  made  in  Mar  'hat  since  May. 

1893,  when  the  State  assumed  control  of  it,  the 
ntiarr  not  only  has  become  self-eustain- 
off49J88J6.    Of 
f.-r    Hi 


immigration  from 

greater  thai,  in  any  preceding  fear,  over  50jOOO 

M0MM   (..o.-.^.     Bji    i,.:      •;..    -  ,-.        ••'    : 

i  •  *  •  '    .  •  •  .  •      .• 

the  fin«  three  months  of  1895.    The  increase  of 

populaiion  from  1880  to  1890  WM  40  per  ML, 

tie  inoreaea  in  wealth  was  101  par  otnL 


t 

<«N,;4,r.,     f  Mr.i.r  lejjd    fr    •  W\      ' 

worth  of  lumber  is  cut  yearly  ;  4.650.000  acres  of 
coal  land;  7.  134.000  acre*  cc^laining  ores  of  iroo 

" 


i.— Among  opinions  of  public 
est  delivered  bv  the  Supreme  Court  dune 
year  are  the  following:  That  an  expert  who  tea- 

tUlesassuchintieharfoftheSlatebacri 

ra>i-  J.  n..t  .:.•:••:  '  . 

t..theu.iiai  bataOowedwIteafjatm* 
an  not  be  compelled  to  make  an 

trial  and  li*ten  to  the  testimony  that  he  may  be 
enabled  to  give  his  opinion  as  an  expert. 

For  any  service  of  this  kfodbe  may  liiaiiii 

extra  compensation:  but  snob  Jnformaifcm  as  ha 

already  poanesti  that  is  pertinent  to  the  issue 

he  can  be  made  to  give, 

peculiar  to  his  trade  or  prof 

That  t. 

rate  of  interest  in  advance  on 

having  twelve 

That  M  original 

of  whisky,  means'  the  quantity  as  put  up  by  the 

maiiu' 

and  for  handling  in  the  regular  course  of  trade. 

That    permanent  v   ..r  continue 

marital  relationship  is  necessary  to 

illegal  cohabit*' 

vxxo<  ivilnss   i  MI:    MM     u»  \N<  I 

>||  \  I    nt    M1KMI        Mnrrlr««.-The  for- 
•th  meeting  of  the 
-  •    \ 

Bept  7.189i.   TbeoSceBcfl 

lorley.  of  Cbvekiml 

,m  Kent,  Passaic, 
tchkiss.  Staanton.  Va. :  F.  In- 
land O.  Howard.  Wanhin*: 
Arthur.  Ufarette,  Ind.:  II.  Frank  i 


. '  has  made  a  net 

- 


I.   Iternhard   M   Fernow. 
Washington.  D.  C.     Permanent  Secretary.  Fred- 
njun.Cambridp-.Masa.  General  Sec- 
rcUry.Jamea  Lewis  Howe,  Lexington.  Va,   Sec* 

rvt«rv,,f  th,-  OosABUChMte  K-  BMeM,  V.: 

Hall.  Jr..  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. ;  B.  Ernest  Iferritt, 


ASSOCIATIONS  FOR  TUB  ADVANCEMENT  OF  SCIENCE. 


.  .  William  P 
,.4.f.Hhara 


i     Qa     war, 

*  :       .:•- 

It  luur. 


ornlnr  Pra*f«*lM.-The  waal  J*$* 
•rertaihienr  ••arts*  of  the  coi. 

Uataeiooailkmbefim  to  seasons  was  held  ; 

a»t  Ks>  hr*fl  nn  art  firs  of  the  asso* 
woruiT*  wawaawaan^  •^•M«J»*»«' 

dailoiu  on  Aug.  W,  at  noon.    At  this  session 


WILLIAM  noaunr. 


. 

Of  the 

•••       .  ... 


pertaining  to  the  Arrangements 
settled,  and  the  reports  of 
acted  on.  Also  the  names 


At  a  meetin*  held  on  Jan.  29, 
had  been  already  acted  on.    The  geo- 
with  which  tie  public  meetings  be- 
in  Association  Hall.  ,,f  the  Young 
on  Aug. ».    The 


to  order  by  Secretary  Put- 
tier of  regret  from  the  re- 
IT.  Ilrinton,  announcing  his 
»pe  owing  to  the  illness  of  his 
an.  II  Mrewer,  the  senior  rice- 
prestdeot,  was  then  called  to  the  chair,  and  in  a 
few  brfef  oneiDliawrtiry  remarks,  in  whi<  h  a 
raeareoot  was  made  to  his  mafniVent  work  on 
taw. iJelerulMliiin  of  the  atomic  weight. ' 

tatrodooed  the  new  president,  Edward  Wfl- 
Prof.  Moriey  etpressed  his  thanks 
for  the  hwrthat  they  bad 

pray*r.    An  address  of  welcome  by  01  Taeiil 
BoT.WttlammX.naiKa.chairiiMMj'oftbelocal 
of  •mmisjmiH,  followed,  in  the 

of  these  aci- 


to  environment  of  many  in*tiiuti..ns  of  learning,  and 
ttagreai  \nr  trirn.    That yoor convention 

will  be  •  success  we  trunt  and  believe  confidently. 

EX  rv*ult  will  have-  a  twnvftcial  eftWt  U|M,I,  tins 
community  wo  know  in  advance.    This  is  an  age 
:H  demandinf  the  fullest  exposition  and  ex- 
planation of  the  wondcrttil  phenomena  hitherto  ao 

Ion  in  obscurity   that  •  miring 


• 


lilt  ill)  ». 


ee eoald  befand  thaa oor 
wttli  tti  hJstorieal  amii 


i  in  .lue  time  be  made 
plain  to  humanity  I  and  it  i>  the  privilege  of  thisaaao- 
whiehembraoei  in  it.,  members  so  many  who 
have  achieved  marked  success  in  the  realm  of  science, 
to  greatly  advance  the  cause  of  scientific  reseat 

In  iN-lmlf  of  Springfield,  its  mayor,  th.    II. .n. 
Charles  L.  Long,  then  welcomed  the  association 
•  to  the  meeting  held 
there  in  IH.V.i  under 

ler.  and  of  the  progress  in  science  since 
.me.  he  closed  with  the  following: 

I  am  greatly  honored  in  being  the  representative 
i  as  its  represent  b  ndim: 

to  you  a  cordial  welcome  to  our  borders,  to  an  asso- 
rt h  our  people,  to  an  examination  of 
us,  and  to  -  ":iinment  as  we  i 

able  t-  11 ;  and  I  assure 

your  presence  our  citizens  appreciate  that  they  are 
greatly  honored  by  rea-  hiirh  Mai. 

individuals,  your  ...  attainments,  ami  the 

reputation  ofyour  ansociation,  whose  Illustrious  work 
in  the  !>a>t  Wfll   be.  I  ai;  .led  hy  tin 

which  will  crown  its  labor*  in  tin-  future. 

President  Moriey  then  thanked   the  s|- 
for  their  \v».rd-  of  welcome  and  recalled  t; 
that  of  the  members  elected  in  Springfield  in 
1859  only  three  survive,  namely,   Prof.  Simon 
Newcomb,  Prof.  Henry  A.  Ward,  and  Dr.  Samuel 
id.  r.     He  also  said,  "This  section  i- tin- 
home  of  the  highest  literary  life  of  the  country, 
and   no  Stnte  nas  more  intellectual    life   than 
Massachusetts." 

Miscellaneous  business  of  the  association  was 
then  taken  up,  after  which  the  association  ad- 
journed to  meet  in  sections. 

Address  of  the  Retiring  President.— The 
association  met  in  the  Court  S'  :.r.>n 

the  evening  of  Aug.  29  to  hear  the  retiring  ad- 
dress of  President  Daniel  G.  Brinton.     ' 
to  President  Brinton's  al>sencc,  the  address  was 
read  by  the  general  secretary.    Its  subject  was 
"  The  Aims  of  Anthropology.      He  said : 

My  endeavor  will  be  to  point  out  both  the 
diate  and  remote  aims  of  the  science  of  anthropology, 
and  to  illustrate  by  some  examples  the  !•• 
have  on  the  thougnts  and  act*  of  civilized  communi- 
ties and  intelligent  individualH.  ...  I  use  tl 
anthropology  in  the  sen»e  in  whi.-h  it  has  been 
-  i  hy  this  association—  that  is,  to  include  the  -tu-iy  of 
the  whole  of  man,  his  psychical  ax  well 
ical  nature,  and  the  products  of  all  hi.*  activities, 
whether  in  the  Mat  or  in  the  present.    You   will 
readily  understand  from  this  the  magnitude  <>f  the 
material  which  anthropology  includes  within  its  do- 
main.    K.r-t.  it  investigates  the  physical  lift 
in  all  its  stages  and  in  every  direction.     Whi 
Mill  folded  in  the  womb  it  watches  his  embryonic 
progress  through  those  lower  forms  which  Stem  the 
reminiscences  of  far  off  stage*  "f  the  evolution  of  the 
species,  until  the  child  is  born  into  th 
dowed  with  the  heritage  transmitte.l  from  innumer- 
able ancestor*  and  already  rich  in  persona 
from  it*  prenatal  life.    These  combined  fie.  ide  the 
individual's  race  and  strain,  and  potently  incline,  if 
they  do  not  absolutely  coerce,  his  tastes  and  ambi- 


ASSOCIATIONS  FOR  TllE  ADVANCEMENT  OF  SCIENCE. 


A  prea*  secretary,  whose  dutic*  are  to  receive 
papers  read  aod  to  K 

reporter*.  U  an  official  that  km  com. 
ry.beaaid:  ....      ,...,. 

Then,  b  Mother  vast  leld  of  study  wholly  apsr         -    '  io»s,-A.  Jfo/J 
aid  even  nor*  fruitful  in  rwlaikuwTli     -At  tbr 


he  hinu»lf  ermim  -in  other  wtmK  m  all  that  SO  strongly  urged  a  meet 

<*edl0eomeuee-  U  proved   impossible  to  makr  the  desired  ar- 
rangements,  and  an  invitation  from  Sprioffidd 

•hen  diacuaMd  i.»  turn  prehistoric  archav  was  therefore  accepted  by  the  council  at  a  spe- 

oiogT.  folklore  rital  *tatbtics,  ethnology  (coo-  cial  n>  Ian.  26.  1*6,     Among  (he 

.|.-ui..ti..i,    ,,f  "II,,.    aiUmd    in  hUftanfcy  "  M  <  ••  •'   '      •'•":  «»••  <•  :•.«-..:...-:,-:•..    •       :-?, 

dkttngnWMd  from  all  thoaeMtewhiefcttetiM  »•-?:»,.•  r.  >rnnf|ajj  UM?  fond  it 

.ractor-  to  attend,  and  in  oom»qD« 

.,|..^.an,la,.,.h,,lH,1thr,,i-,l,.,'VMllh,1r^an.,u,  hr^.flt^.    ,,-1,:,.-:^ 

relationsto^thropology.  In  ooncloaion  he  Mid : 


It  stems  clear,  therefore,  that 

li  .    ..       ,.      ,:...,-    ...     ...       . 

the  individual  as  the 
abo  the  goal.   The  state  was 

for  the  Male;  any  Improvement  In  the  group  most  wcretair 

start  by  the  Improvement  of  Us  Individual  member*,  to  hb  place  Asaph  IU 
ThU  may   MTU.  .  tniuun.  but    !...«   ,,.n.umly   i.  it         Th.-   fo||..wiiig.|iainM   |*i<-r»    wrrr   read  ai,-i 

overiooked   In   the   most  modern   legislation   and  discussed  before  the  MCtion- 
sohemes  of  social  ameliorstion !    1  low  many  even  of 

such  a  learned  audience  as  thb  have  carefully  dftn-        «  DerelomMit  of  SMM  Useful  fhniiralnn  !*••••• 

aidered  in  what  respects  the  individual  r...n  ha*  im-  ^o^S^^S^^oSmSS 

:•-.-••••          :,...:,.-,..!..,  ,        .     ,,.    ......  .  .    ,.         .         '  .      . 

uiiicr,  Mronger,  more  Dsauunu  i    Are  nis  senses  more  •taut  of  Aberration.**  I 

I    Nutation.**  bv  8««h   CChsaulkr- 

.-; .    s.  .  .  :  .  : 

"^S5  ^SsKt^&S&t^^S& 


- 

there  ta  acy  iinprovement  at  all  f    Ignorant  of  hb    Teneetrial  Magnetiam,"  by  Loob  A,  Baoer;  -So*- 
pact.  Ignorant  or  hb  real  need*,  iirnormnt  of  btm»elf,     tpoto  ^  Majrnetic  Stonm."  by  Major 

•MkaaUoBtevdMiditanl  .  i    ;     -  thorny  natl      ./ -, , .,    >:.   ..  ;       .   ,   :.    .        ...       ..    t      . 

^  P10*^/1*1*??  °,t  tf>,oui*lia/ of  y*1"*-.  v 

ulualis  have  been  boned  to     Soumr*  or  the  Sum  of  Other  flnaaiea"  bv  Afftoaaa 


...••.•••••.-..     .. ...  ........._..,,,  M  v  ...... 

porsnlng  Wee  pa&a,  following lll^SIe^    Now  SSSL  T^S  oS!^£L7Se  W 

anthropology  stops  In.  the  newsdence  of  man,  offer-  Mrrrtory."  by  Albert  B,  Fir 
big  the  knowledge  of  what  he  hat  bec-n  an-.  Mi~  Mary  IV» 

i*  teacher, »«—  •»-  *^-  *~  ••-  s-0""  > 

5»n«5  S^ii  .:^FModofR 

-\  M.  I'arkhum. 
ofan- 
rty  ambition  wh:  t         D.  JT> jn't  i     Ttui  |<eaMilii  HflftT  irf  ^ff  f^- 

^KJVSKibel±,.hllMelf'    Wk°  tioowa*>rolw 

w,ll  point  to.  worthu-r  or  nobler  one  I  1:  r 

•  ceding*  of  the  Sect  ion*.— The  aasoci*-  Institu 

9  sections,  each  of  which  of  hb  addreas  -  Recant  Prognai  in  Optlea,**  and 

is  pr*si.lr.l .  -,.:        a,  onVsar  having  thrrmakol  kfa    ».  wmw  at  atadafdi    ',•-'. 

f   the  association.    Subsequent  at  first.    The  new  method  b  operated  by  inter- 
ring proceeding*,  each  •aotfoo  meets  ference  of  bramsof  light  reflected  and  trans- 

i  T  a  H*J«of  plane  parallel opti 


•:   tho  iMMiixil.  a  we-  and  then  reflected  back  by  two  mirror*  appro- 

tional  fommitt. f  :i  Ml-.w-.  .-i  f.-r..-w  .  r  m  I  ;  ria*  !»  ]-'.:»•  -i  .  fr:r.^.  -  :»r-'  .  Hafl  •  .:   H 

-i;  com  in  it  too.  and  a  com-  ing  telcacope.    The  rabiect  of  -  lumineaceoce  * 

>  nominate  was  then  taken  up.  and  from  the  net  thai  in- 

offlcws  of  the  section  for  the  next  moating.    As  atantaneoos  lomineM^ncr,  which  is  flootcetence, 

soon  as  this  organiiation  is  effect *xl  tbe  secretary  b  accompanidl  by  chemical  action  on  a  minute 
TOL.  xxxv.— 3 


M 


FOB  THE  ADVANCEMENT  OP  SCIENCE. 


rfiMtr.M*  *•£••£ 

t  MtH  riMt  w»  IfMth.    The  pnJocUon 

•Vrpfc-ysMjirv^hta.  .^  i»t 


Utioitt  of  Certain  Properties  i>ootratotho 

.:,  ;,  r     \s  Li.'lt    t!i<-v    :ITV    ]  r»- 
•d."  by  John  F.  llohl.r  mnl  \V.  .1.  Iluun 

;  ...:,;,    i,x    PhOtofWphV,'1    by 

.  •• .       •  i>.  ftnitiom  f-.r  tin'  Man.i- 
b    William  Hallock  a> 


~*a*  m,o, 

and  the  more 
The  latter  ho  eon- 

«*..»»»*.  -jsarstss 

ta.ll  to  POTfel*  only  to  auto  mention  of  a 
ST  BAlKi-  tao  famtfffrty  th.  y*. 

i  «*>-  iitiamlr^l    •JMliMlta    M»*^***M>ning 
m  Of  ail  MM  CBMBKM4    rirmt  iit^  pw 

with  the  normal  solar  spec- 
to  his  table  of  stand- 
Bd.  Thn.uKh  the  spec- 
established  the  discov- 

element,  argot 

property  of  green  fluorescence  when 
tfceessotne  spark  ii  pnessd  through  it  in  prea- 
tfjoi  of  benssas ;  and  iU  association  in  meteoric 
iron  «ml  various  minerals  with  helium,  now 
proved  to  be  a  terrestrial  as  well  as  a  solar  ele- 
ment. By  photographing  the  spectrum ^of  Sat- 
urn's  rif»g*  •iriii'flttffif  f>M>  relative  displace- 

^^i^dJBSP 


irect  proof  of 
of  these  rings.    A  new 

suhfluac*  with  double  rotatorv  power,  like 
qnaru.has  ban  discovered  by  WvroubofT.  the 
neutral  anhydrous  tartrate  of  rubidium,  which 
to  unique  in  that  its  rotatory  power  in  the  crys- 
taJttaV staU  becomes  reversed  in  solu 

BeelosMiwU*  a  discussion  of  certain  devel- 
•f  is  i  it  i  ia  physiological  opttos.  Onediscovery 
is*  that  the  routine  oolor  disk  has  been  applied 
by  Ofden  N.  Rood  to  tho  determination  of  lu- 
'  f  independently  of  color  by  taking  ad- 
i  of  the  flickering  appearance  on  a  rota- 
upon  which  two  parto  have  different 
j  powers.  An  extreme  case  of  this  is 
thalof  a  whiu  sector  upon  a  black  disk.  Ata 
r  •  M]  -•,..,  ftnei  i 


«  j^  fntmMUpnflT  •  TTWn~l  •»»    vvui|»»iin|j   HIK  *  IIAJII  wt 

..-;-  1       .    "..•      :.     I  «,.  :  .-.>-  ...-..'    .." 
.        ::   .  .   .    -     \:.   !    V:.M,   !..i!     •!.      '   t1  •     V:,'. 

ment  of  Maxwell  that  ni 

bv  William  A.  Rogers;  "An  Experimental  InveftU- 

«tkm  of  the  Rotary  F  i-nry  D.  Carhart; 

.   ..  •:    i'..    trie  \\  avi  i  anslogoui  to  thoss 
0.  h.O.il.l; 

<>f  Age  up- 

Bronse,  Glass,  and  Steel  "  and  "  A  New  Detennlna- 
Uon  of  the  Relative  Lengths  of  the  Vanl  an.l  M 

.. 

the   Second   Law  of  Thermodynamics,"   by 
A.  Ban  The  Method  of  Reciprocal  P- 

the  Graphical  Treatment  of  Alternating  Currents," 
by  Frederick  Bed 

The  following  papers  were  presented  before  a 
joint  meeting  of  the  sections  of  Astronomy, 
Physics,  Economic  Science,  and  Geography  on 


of  the  retinal  sensation 
length  of  the  incident 


papers  we  re 


,"  by  fedwani 

-  rVw  of  Alurnstia*  Currant  In  an 

-  aod  MTh«MosraeoeraiBelation 
Jsl»ssn  D«strie  aoa  MacoKi«  Force  and  their  DU- 
fliiisisin*  bfHJahasTL  Pnpin;  -The  Sigulfl- 
•nmse  ef  CsssrTsma,*  -Oo  ttZodani  Color? and 
•  Tae  Anslfris  of  Floral  Colons**  by  J.  HTPtUsbury ; 
*0«ta7c '.„•<.  i •  in  Brtihtiissi  V digbrenUy  Col- 


; 

oftheVoeslCofdshi 


u  Relations  ot  the  Weather  Bureau  to 
an.l  Industry  of  the  Country,"  by  Willis  L.  Moore; 
"Solar  Magnetic  Radiation  an.l  Weather  Forecasta," 
by  Frank  H.  Bigelow;  "Clou. Is  an.l  tl 
claturc  "  by  Cleveland  Abbe  ;  u  Cloud  Photograph]   ' 
(with   lantern    illustrations),  by  Alfred  J.  Ji 

<  alifornia    Electrical    Storms,"  by  John    D. 
Parker. 

C.  Chemistry. — This  section  was  presided  over 
by  Dr.  William  McMurtric,  of  Brooklyn,  who 
discussed  "The  Relation  of  the  Industries  to  tin-. 
Advancement  of  Chemical  Science  "  in  his  vice- 
presidential  address.  At  the  outset  he  men- 
tioned the  circumstances  which  led  to  the  ab- 
no  f  chlorine  by  organic  bodies,  concerning 
which  Dumas  declared  that  "  it  is  not  generally 
known  that  the  Jheory  of  substitution  owes  its 
source  to  a  soiree  in  the  Tuileries."  I  >umas  had 
been  called  upon  by  his  father-in-law,  Alexander 
Brogniart.  wno  was  director  of  th«  Srvrcs  por- 
celain works  and  in  a  measure  a  member  of  the 
royal  household,  to  examine  into  the  cause  of  t  ho 
irritating  vapors  from  candles  burned  in  tin-, 
ballroom,  a  demand  to  which  Dumas  readily  ac- 
ceded, because  he  had  already  done  some  work 
upon  the  examination  of  wax  that  could  not  be 
bleached  and  was  therefore  unmerchantable.  It 
was  therefore  from  the  application  of  chemistry 
to  the  industries  that  this  fact  was  establish.  .1. 

It  seems  to  make  little  difference  to  which 
branch  of  chemical  work  we  turn  for  illustra- 
tions of  these  ideas.  The  losses  suffered  by 
Italy  and  France  by  the  diseases  of  tho  silk 
worm,  the  deterioration  of  the  wines,  and  tho 
ilismsfs  of  animals  made  demands  upon  tho 
genius  of  Pasteur, and  thr 

an-1  magnificent  results  attention  has  been  di- 
rected to  the  field  of  bacteriology  and  fermenta- 
tion, and  almost  a  new  science  has  been  built 
upon  it  The  development  of  the  coal-tar  in- 
dustries and  the  growth  of  the  use  of  electricity 
in  the  production  of  chemical  products  was  men- 

oned.    In  conclusion  he  said: 

It  would  be  impossible  in  this  discussion  to  cover 
than  a  few  of  the  manifold  way*  in  which  the 
ee  of  chemistry  has  been  advanced  by  the  in- 
dustries, their  want*,  and  their  wastes.    The  former 


i  IONS  FOB  TI1K  ADVANCEMENT  OF  SOUDfOL 


,    ,          .    ,  , 

technical  .ohooU,  the  Htato  and  national  < 

'....    ..,-     .-     ••     .       ..-    -  ..    . 

'.      •    V          -.    ...          •     "       v       .....  -       ,       .     .        , 


:  .•:..-.-  •   :  '    • 
•alt  i 


id  new  eempeaads,  and  ao 

••.,  ...     -!-,    .... 


D.  Jft 

The  presiding  offlcec  of  this 

B^— .~A       ^*     D^^«         h       fa?        t 

JMBIft  OI    rVHMOa   **•  **t 

prssrtentisl  address  on  ~  The  Belation  of  Ko 
•o  Economics."     Hr  *aid:  The  en- 

.•.-..-..-        i:  - 


•'•••'     • 


w  «••»••  tffmwtm* 

«rar 


metallurgies!  works  gars  gallium  sad  fsrmsnleai 

A         ,..,,.,,          •         ...    •       -..          .......        .... 

.....         .  .  -.-       '        ,:«...!.        '•  •         ..-•     '      -.      r 


The  following-named  papers  were  then  raid 

an. I  ,liM-uvM-«l  U-f,.!,.  th,-  III  •:..!!  : 


utilises  fur  the  {(redaction  of  wealth 
are  the  forces  of  wind  and  running  water,  and 
the  stored  energy  of  fuel  in  the  forests,  peat 
bogs,  coal  mines,  and  cat  and  oil  vetk,  By  far 
the  greatest  of  these  forms  of  stored  energy  is 

that  of  coal      A  man's  labor  br of***! 

—  •«••••      ••  »§•««•  •  IMVMM    •*¥  M^^BI^P  i^  ^mv§ 

Ui«  <m«ft«»rmll  v  ~-tV»ui»l«ilaail  tK*t  tW^  -» 
v  gmermiiy  acKDOWMogea  uuu  MM  eBBBBl  en- 
gine and  labor-earing  machinery  in  general  are 
the  chief  agents  of  the  driliiaUon  of  the  latter 
half  of  the  nineteenth  century,  and  that  they 
hare  increased  the  productiveness  of  man's  la- 


v  Krmnk  I*.  Yen- 

V 


Virw.  on  the  iVn-li, 

lr  S.lu  and  Alii 

vea;  "  Cooatflution  ofthe  1:4 


.   ,     .  •  • 
Tetotak  XekL"  by  Paul  r.  Freer;  •  Perio 

»M  -1.1.-     ;   I'-   •  •  \    \     •    I',-        • 

RtnssJ  i -..I,-/'  ..r,i  ••<..:,,    KaqsMH  ,. -; 


toflt  ohoapMicd  Ua  food  and  ^^hf 
the  arerage  man  oomforU  and  1m 


illnatrate   tbr 


iieering  on  production  and  distribution,  the 
'the  trans^iberian  railroad  and 


•    pleti  i    ' 

ea         • 


rr.    AlrVl 

u  TK  ka  Qeaeral,"  ha  Ubsrt  i:  Prei 
din  MsisthyleiM  Wbi  an  la"  •  ^  i: 
sad  \.  i;  Kei  K;  -8omi  Rew  ( 


railroads  in  India  and  in 


i  ,  «     ' 

c^W  ria^uTnV1    United  States  of  that 


Erie  Canal  made 

Who  can 


Chariw  1 

paratioiui:  The  Time,  Beope.  Methoda,  and  fieri- 

oaBTreparatioa^"  •  ••  r..  ..  •  .'  \  ••-•-.      --   -. 
of  the  abore,  by  William  A.  Nore*.  Tbornan  H.  Nor- 

,iut.-  m..i  OM  Bedii  te  UH  n    r 

tor,"  by  Andrv 

-  l'n,vi,ion.l  Sehwiul,.  -f  A.liuiwi 

raoy  in  Certain  Metallunrtcal  Analram,"  by  Edward 

.  the  UM 


the  building  of  the  tosfrailroad  acroe 


tn,  i,'  '. 

ment 


Mr   Kent 


hood.   Statistics  prore  that 
hvpi  ksBkUd  mrifaai  hV  • 


of  labor 


mechanical  akilfalso  add  to  the  odsmforts  elf  tha 
people.  In  concluding,  ha  referred  to  the  re- 
lation* of  labor  and  capital,  and  said  :  -There 
will  be  no  sudden  nphearal.  The  cresset  rela- 
tion* of  caital  and  labor  will  not  be  hi  mill 


Acid  M  a  Laboratory  Reagent 


and 

b] 


mhoroa 

1  :     |  ..-    i!      \  I 

Ibned  IB  \  ... 


except  as  by  gradual 


Irtical  Work,"  by  Paul  C.  Freer;  -  Chemistry  as  s 
Liberal  fctasa*»"  ba  Pssst  r  A  assa;  -.'  nal 
Berlews,"  by  William  A.  Korea;  "Remsrks  on  s 

kaorJc  MB  of  «  sO   M.  •..•.':.-•,..••     i    Bmssl  » 

V     •••        ••!':     .      • 

.  -  Some  Points  conn. 
Oheanetri  un-i  Pbrd  •  of  Metal     -•:..:..    •  bea 

i.tr%    Of    K.-.l-    ar,.'l    Natritl    r.."    ^     \S      0      i(  raft  I 

" 

.  rt  B.  Wai 

r-V   ,-f  th,-    !.»«,     '    •'•        \,          '.       '    ,'      .          • 

Beastloas,* hi  \    \  N  .%.,.-•  i» -.-   •.    slmi   • 

tarn  PhafM-  <>f  I »  , taoiic  Clmiiistij  "  ami  -  laboratory 

ConstrucUon  and  Equipment 

-  Bibliographr  an  a  Feature  of  tat  Chemical  rurriru- 
1  arringtoa  Boltnn ;  u  lastmetioa  la  Gen- 
try and  DeseripCkm  In  the  T««chU«  of 

tira  Exercises  In  General  Chemistry  n  vnd  "  Record 
free*  In  Agricultural  GhemMry.n  by  Henry 


This  will  be  the 

;.y  whirh  thr  increase  of 
which  enables  the  laborer  to 

The  following-named 
and  disctHeed : 

Vtiodmill. 

!>..  K:  -w  ••?" 

with 

PartUllr 

V.-  .;  • 


by  John  J.  Flatber:  *Oa 
Prawbridcr  Tmawa,  wkh  a 
Formula*  for  the  Basftkio*.* 

,,.  .     :,    ;.      -.  . 

flttrfTft5" 

• .  \  •    . 


tta,of  Staunton.  Va.  ra 
of  this 


section,  and  the 


A8BCK1\T1"NS  FOB  TIIK   Al»V.\X«  OP  SCIENCE. 


8OTtyofV.rKima.l8l6- 
:    :'  ,  \  ..  IM» 

•tie  ab- 

;  Ike  time  appointed 
•enoab> 
it  waa  an  informal 


.1 


>.;', 

waetbeflnt 
carried  oo  in  the 

'   -  ::,   ,:.-.:,    pejft 


»TUC- 

V     .•'.,  •. 


-  TW  MallM*  of  Primary  and  *»oadary  8tr 
tarw  la  Baring"  by  Cfcarlee  K.  Van  HUw ;  -  The  . 
efcawa  aatf  GaaibfWa  Book*  of  the  Green  M 

i  (,aui»efn  Miiisnliuema*  by  Benjamin  *. 
K  - Getaa*>  Cave;or  *EK"l|»*  *« 
iVen«e<*bya«rte.HLHhcboock;-R*- 
i  of  Marine  Cretaceous 


,"by  Arthur  HoIHck;-Geo- 
a  the    Atlantic   and    Pacific 
i  of 


-Gwlogioal  Notes  on  the 
ee Oflovey ;  « Subdivision 
'  eaet  Iowa,"  by  Andrew 
Notes  oo  the  Meta- 

:: 
I    Baj  "  .  -  View  oftae  lee  Age  as  T* 

.,,:..  -A   ,     .    ;   . 


U  and  Champlain,"  by  Warren  Up- 
— -.     »»  .  ^eoomeoa  between  Lake  Champlain 
eoJ  LeJteOeef§e  an.1  the  Iludaon,"  by  George  F. 
•WaMpool 


U.    ,,,    .., 
•  •:,  .  -.-.. ,   ...•• 


.   \      .  iHyaU;«Th« 
/by  William  M.  Davis; 
n  the  Su'rface  Geokwy  of  the 


aaw  U   FinAlld:  -  Jaf^n."  by  Gardner  G.  Huh- 

h«H:  aad  -Gnat  FalU  of  the  Mohawk  at  Cohoea, 

.  with  laaura  Ulortmioo.),  by  William  1L  C. 


/ooVofy.— At  the  Brooklyn  meeting  of  t  he 
aModation  Praident  David  a  JonUnTof  the 
Iceland  Sunfoni  •  n«ity.  was  chosen  to 

fMwade  over  thb  Mction.  but,  eubeeqnent  to  the 
abawlottaantof  the  place  of  meeting  in  r«iif,,r- 
•ie,  be  raeifiied.  To  fill  UM  vacancv.  Inland 
O.  Howard,  of  Waahingtoo,  waa  nominated  by 
Ike  council  aad  UM  selection  waa  confirmed. 


The 


—  .  .  -l.i;. 

• 


•••ml  papers  were  read  and 


TW  Bveiutfea  of  the  laatot  Moatbpieet 

;.    -     •    .       n, 
wlih  Special  Rateenee  u,  th, 


r*&ssy% 

-i^artSSoe. 
^rk,d.ofTime,wWi 


*   *•    an   Ordinal 
^therolobncnatha, 

-         •    • 


w  Wheel  for  Color  M 
V  Woo  "  and  "Son  H-  Kurt  In-  1 

•i   in  tin-   Human  K.  • 

II    IMNt.urv  ;  an.l  "  IW-rjiu  aixl  Hit 

"  J.v  Kj.firaJin  I'.  K.  It. 

«.    /{olany.—'l'  n  was  presided  over 

•         LrthUT,    ..f     Lafayrltr.    In.i.. 

who  delirered  an  address  before  the  section.  «  n- 
UUeduThe  Derelopmen(  «.f  \Y^.t«l.lc-  IMiysini- 
ocy.n    He  said:  "  A  half  n-nt  . 
physiology  in  ilu-  (allnafj  of  the  modern  IM.-JIM- 
in^'  «1:  t.     Structural  bot«n 

Miinant  |>hiis«».  mnl  in  rlnuriilary  in-l  nu- 
tion  close  attention  was  paid  to  tin-  f<>nn  :in<l  ar- 
ranBenji-nt  <-f  the  nr^ans  of  flnwrrin^  plants. 
with  the  ulterior  objed  ••(  being  able  reaoilv  t«> 
determin*-  th.-  naim-s  «-f  tln>  plants  of  t  he  field. 
The  r-  -pirn  in  tin-  Imtani'-al  world 

emanated  f  r'<>n  i  th<-  ol.-.T\ations  ami  intrrpnia- 
tions  of  Charles  Darwin,  of  tln>  d.-v.-lopninit  of 
botany  in  the  curriculum,  he  said  that  until  the 
time  of  Asa  Gray  it  can  not  bo  said  to  ha\  •••  had 
recognized  stamfin-  nit  h.  AjBerioao  edaoatfonal 
system.  The  department  of  )>hysiology  has  re- 
ceived much  attcntic.n  here  and  than  f««r  a  lon^ 
time,  yet  only  very  n-ccntly  ha-  it  fallen  into 
place  as  a  systematic  part  of  the  general  sub- 
ject. Ecology,  which  is  the  name  under  which 
44  we  are  toat'tempt  Die  orderly  .  nt  of 

the  facts,  observations,  and  deductions  compos- 
ing the  science,"  was  discu^ed.  and  tin  n  catiol- 
ogy,  which  includes  the  various  phases  of  juve- 
escence,  especially  the  <lynamics  of  the  youn^ 
cell,  was  considered.  Elaborating  the  discussion 
of  physiology,  he  said  : 

There  are  many  wayt*  in  which  plants  hlmw  similar 
logical  prooesses  to  thoat  of  animala;  and  plants, 
being  aimpler  in  organixation.  tin  'ir  >tud\   may  pro- 
mote a  knowledge  of  animal  pli\  -.• 
e*t  similarity  between  the  t\\"  kingdoms  Hea  in  nutri- 
tion, reapiration,  and  repnHluction.    The  grca- 
verfenoe  b  to  be  found  m  the  manU\-*tation  of  irrita- 
l.ility.    Thf»e  t'imdameiital  j^oceaeea  upon  wliieJi  I.e- 
an«l  e.-ntimi.  i  depend  are  much   the 

throughout  animate  Nature,  hut  the  processes  by 
h  the  ommlsm  commii-  i   the  world 

of  itself,  and  thnmirh  \vlii<-)i  it  i*  enabled  to 
adjuM  itself  to  environmental  ••••nditic.!^.  tin-  i-rocessee 
;n  their  h  •>    known  as 

sensation*,  have  attained  great   differentiation,  run- 
ning along  essentially  different  lines  of  developmaati 
The  prevalent  view  that  plant*  •n-.-upy  an  intermedi- 
ate  position   between   the   mineral    and     the    . 
kingdoms  in  not  true  in  any  important  respect  N 
i*   it  true  that  the  faculties  of  animals,  especially  of 
the  lower  animal*,  are  foreshadowed  in  i 

Of  botany  in  this  country.  h>  tai  i  :  ?  This  js 
the  country  of  all  others  where  its  practical  and 
•nal  importance  islikely  to  oe  most  fully 
ized,  and  where  the  beet-equipped  and 
at  independent  laboratories  can  moM  r-adily 
be  established."  In  conclusion,  he  advocated 
better  equipped  laboratories,  and  claimed  "that 
the  next  great  botanical  wave  that  sweeps  over 

a  will  be  a  physiological  on 
quently  the  foil-  ned  papers  were  read 

and  discussed  before  the  section  : 

"  \  Ixsaf  Rnt  of  Cabbage,"  bv  H.  L.  Ruwell  :  u  Root 
Fungus  of  Maite"  and"! 


recogni 
moat  in 


bir  Oeorve  Maolr,. 

Colon,nbv  J.  H.  I'ilM.ury:  "A  Summary  of  a  Re- 


.    . 

vision  of  the  Gentu  IHcranum."  bv  Charl 
and  Rodney  II.  i  jK.llinating 


A8BO<  lATloNS  FOR  Tin.   ADVANCEMENT  OP 


.: 


. 


an  i  bjM  Hi  nj  • -• 

-  of  on 

.  „,-«-,.  W|W  .^w _,...- 

./«*«  rawhide  fa 

».-      .-..      :     1  •       V  ,        .  .         .'   V  ..  •••..-. 

iSK?  sj  rtsod  •   n       »i  -..-.     :  ^  .•••  • 

•ning  by  Broad-leaved  Uu-  nasfh.  exls 

raLJOsSBSfl  /.«J/4'o/,.i.-  l.y  Krr.lm.-k  \    •  •-:.:•         1  L,  i,.  i.  h  ,.r  . 

r  along  the  groove  aod  tans*  up  throngh  vW  bole. 

fW^/jM  /  **  Tl>(^  K«  juintliii^MJ  tintit  t K«  ••••«•  ^A*  *wMM»<l^A.I  — -  * 

••MV  ITHIUV  t~,  i  HUB  o*  oomHMBB  ••»»*  uw  amw  wi MSBSSSSB  anu 

Mtt          I    aU     —    -  1       IIIIMitlli.^1  !!•  .    I     ^     t- 

•    ^       •••••••••'  -     '  - 


Physiology  of 

i  r  DasJsl    r  M..  !•  MI 


nuf.  fur  ihc 

i  •.  ..-.•..-.  f    -       •      - 
/.....          ,     .,     .      .    . 

rsndiMsdwlftlKrfasattne 

•  •     >  . 


aaSE;.r  .'^^T, t.r.:;;    ,,V;  '    ;:•:•-•-- 


asa Bransb  of 


•<•  C.  notener  ;  -  The  Y«sr  of  tne  PWs4a»  of 
orie  Slarlore  •  sad  -  The  lnisss*o  of  Frekav 


•<•  C. 


.  •     .    1>.    .  .       •:..••      '  •.    .:-.•:'.• 

I     '••        *'-.•          !•>•'••      •'-...- 

nrrr  and  of  Temperature 

Keeordlrur  Apparatus  for  ihc 

-  .         -..•     -.      •    l-   .   •        '         \       ft  ] 
10101  [•.  Normal  Work,  and  Surplus  Kn- 

he  N  ixlon  Cata- 

ieh Plant*,"  by  Nathan..  1  L.  Brinon. 

opo/oj^.—  Over  this  section  Prank 
ashing,  of  the  Hurvau  of  Ethnology. 
to  preside.  His  address  was  more 
n  general,  for  he  discussed 

•is."  One  of 

the  molt  ancient  of  the  things  man  has  made  is 
the  arrow,  and  the  arrow  wan  perfected  in  well- 
nigh  all  ita  uarU  lung  U-f  Implest  bow 

Id  how  he 
had  made  arrow*,  and  then  said  : 

I  have  told  this  history  a.  it  ooeuired  :  flrmt,  to  in- 
•am  aV   Hmmsj  •  vakhUsi   *s*  i  Hot  lal 
hafctj  obtMiMj  lfBor.r    .  •     :      -   pn   .-  >  •)., 
eourse  primitive  man  must  nccwarily  1» 
And  •eooodly,  to  convey  to  you  the  leMon  U»«t  l 
Lam  n,  fi  l-\  UNM  •  >:>  •  spsti  n  \am  wiifc  -.-...-. 
things  and  arm  than  oUiern  or  I  could  have  learned 
hy  actually  and 


\       .-•     •  •       ;.  -.     •    .  . 

bot:  -fb«  IndissMof 


IU.-....1.  -ftl.,  In..,;.,./    •-.   .1   'A    !:   !!•-•:. 
Format  ion  in  the  Kootaoay  I  ananisfi  •  sod 
nsy  Indian  Poisons)  Nas»aVbyA)osB»d*r  F. 
'  * 


•ge  of  the   Rio  Grand*   Vail 
O.  Bourke;-The  Spid. 


• 


II.  Cwhlnjr; 


and  -The  Djnasty  of  the  Arrow*  by  Fr 
hlnjr;  -  The  OrMn  of  Playing  Card*.-  •  Tb* 

...  |  •      •  M    SS       „.;.."          ..MM-  -     .- 


.»,"  by  Strwart  Culin  ;  -  An  Ofibws  TfS 
matkm  Tale,4  by  lUrlan  L  Smith;  -Old  M 
Words  "  and  **  An  Irouob  Cnodoloana."  b    W 


.. 

.         ,  A  .  S      -      . 

on  the  Bushmen  of  Transvaal*  br  ^one  Uoli; 
•»  VUlaVs  Lire  among  the  CliiDws&ois,*  -TW  Dtf: 

.,...;;.  .     .  ;.       .  ;.    . 

•-.-.... 

Varfmtasl  and  Token- 
Melange  of  Miemse  NotaO'  by 

•*  t  '  rmmmatfe  Form  and  the  voiS)O 


sneh Ttnln«  and  arta.*  And    Speech,-  by  J    \v    it    > 

•  ha*  taught  me,  that  palav     P.ycho- neural,  anU  Hypnotic  M« 

Mb  oaveTat  lesst-thst  man    thur   Macl>onald:   -The  Edsc 


•*id  to  have  known  no  other  art  of  working 

.-.,•,.-....     -...•_•••     .'  ,        .     .    - 

BfothSf  -'    BH     •      '• '  !    ••    '       -        •    -    •     '-.    • 

mary  (talus  of  art  for  more  than  a  few  seasons,  at 

• . .  f  -  -llowing  the  development  of  the  arrow, 
i  of  iu  production  for 

Kr-tM  braskins    •  »!..".-.  .--...•.      ••-..•.- 

all  kinds  of  cutting,  wraping, 
•h  thr  »harp  fragmenta,    For  long 

Ing  them  with  wads  of  ssswssd  or  gran.  a»  I  have 
grssped  s  stone,  with  . 

msUngwith  it  all  the  »haft  poliahers  and  other  like 
:--!;-.        _•-.-.          ..  •   •          .     - 
wedging  sharp  thing*  Ini  •  ••  ..-...:•--•-,- 
dkSng  stick,  he  muW  have  learned  in  time  that  the 
•Uek,  to  long  as  thtw  armed,  dug  better  and  cut  hU 
contestants  better.    In  time  the  primitive  men  began 
to  At  the  sbaAs  with  utrsps  or  their  Anger*  with  sling* 


•UiU          el*lS%  »y^^JSSS%J  j  •  99W        *4^««S»« 

Mut«,-  by  John  Dutum  WrigbL' 


of  this 

r:";  »v  ' 

Function  of  Oovenunsot  in  Relation  to  Natural 
Resottroes**in  his  addrvss.  The  first  part  was 
taken  up  with  the  disnusson  of  tneories  of  gov- 
eminent  and  of  the  right  of  interfermce  with 
individual  control  of  natural  rasoaroaa,  Ha  ei- 

a  thing  as  economic  science,  and  thought 

U..-  MH  tj.-n  «h.4il.i  U-  «-»ll.>i  thr  ^  tj.-:i  •  f 


M  fol- 


to  rtt  tho  5h»rt*  «ith  -traj- 

ing  nooses  to  further  the  flight 


•jyTSwithsanr 

Y- 


of  natural 

rastorabsB,  baft  ttabls  to  deterioration: 

'.--.       ..-:..•-,.. 
v.    Of  the  first  class  there  are 


H 


<s  FOR  THE  ADVANCBMBNT  OP  SCIENCE, 


To  the  foorth  eJass  belong  most  of  the 
tie  product  of  human  U»--r. 
•nrumulaU*!  wraith, 
fund,  and  other 
the  people  t 


>.         ,        :..-. 


to  his  own  Spco.nl ty 
U»  attempt  to  get  the 

Olll; 


lly 
of  tamable  forest  oon- 

'  .  ,,  •  ifabMbh 
lead  of  curtailing 
the  future  and 

th*  salt*  of  other  people's  interest,  can  hard- 
ly b*  etpeeUd  to  be  appreciated  by  the  private 

the  hope  "that  the 
economy  associated  with 
•at  that  th 

natural  resources.  HO  im- 
and  vet  so  much  neglected,  requires  on 
irt  a  hate  and  more  careful  considcra- 


ly  the  following-named  papers  were 
'before  the  sect 

in  Horticulture  for  Our  Country 
R.  Lasenby ;  -  KMuality  of  Op. 
MOOT*  it  f  *  hv  J.  L.  Cowlw: 
by  William  1 
by  Emm  L.  Corthrll ;  u  Taxation  in 

•:    V      •  -    •  \ 

i."  by  J.  W.  8yl vector :  -  An  Intsroa- 
r  lUnry  Far^uhar;  -The  Law  of 
U»B* 

,     .....  ...       ...\,..  ,.-• 


Kratarm  of  the  Proeeeiligs.— 

with  an  evening  reception  from  8 
•o  Aac.  28.  by  the  president  of  the 
CUT  Library  Association  to  members  of  the  as- 
soeUlion  si  the  Art  Museum  for  the  purpose 
of  tosprcting  the  George  Walter  Vincent  - 

-      !•    .••••-       ' 

the  Dfesidantial  eddr**  on  the  erenfnir  of  Aug. 
ft.  Jbe  umal  reception  by  the  Indies*  Reception 

H.     ....  \ ...  :•;,. 

the  An  Mu«ram  was  open  to  members 

in  the  afiernoon.    In  the  erening  a 


i  Uctare  on  the  "  Geographical  Develop- 
of  the  OosjnsBttot  Valley*(with  lantern 
•Uoas).  eoeipliinenUry  to  the  citizens  of 
was  Jv«n  by  Prof.  William  M.  Da- 
mi  University.     As  usual.  Sal  unlay 
was  devoted  to  an  excursion  and  atrip 
Hampton,  and  Mout 

.     :       r.d 

c»i  ilagM 

The  main  eirurston  train  « 
AmheretColkw  was  vttud,  also 

f 


vOHSAs  was  arranged.    Swell  mem  ben 
M        .  •     . 

at  Holyoke.    The  main  etrursion  trai 


the 

sects  and  their  manner  of  li 
tarn  Amber*  a  vWtwa* 
to  inspect  Smith  Collece. 


y,  and  soologT.  or  the  Maesa- 
sJ  QoUsy  wfaa  its  insecUry, 
stnes  and  oereioment  of  in» 


_  were  studied, 
to  Northampton, 

a  union  mat- 


ing on  Sunday  evening,  Sept  t.at  which  addresses 
were  given  by  Pnf  Will,,,'  sleyan 

'M.ddletown.    Conn..   Prof.  George 

.      '    •••    •     .  •     :..   N.  .1..    Pr.-l.l.-iit    .lames 

Woodrow.  of  South  «  i   Mi^s 

Alice  C.  Fletcher,  of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  scrm.  -ns 
appropriate  to  the  occasion  wm-  .h-ii\. .-.  ,1  at 
the  timming  service  of  several  of  the  churches. 
Among  these  was  one  MM  and  Life,"  by 

•  ntili'c 
Aspeots  Of  the  Christian    Kvidcnres."   I  \ 

l,n.  k   Wright;  «.ne  on  "Th..  Services  of 
Sciences,"    by   i;.\.   Mradlev  (iilman  :    and   one 
on  -The  Alternative— Ohnstianitv 
Et  .    \\ 

o.i  the  i-veninu'  <-f  Sept.  :{  a  -eeond  public  lec- 
ture, complimentary  to  the  eiti/.n-^  ,,f   S|nin^- 
D  "  The  Wild'  HOW.T^  of  the  Com.- 

!  lantern  lllustrat ion«),  was 
eiven  by  Mr.  Cornelius  \'an  Mrunt.of  New  N'o.-k. 
Also  a  pnblk  lei-tun-  on  the  ••  Illii«.trati\e  Meth- 
o«l  of  teaching  (Jeo^ruphy  an<!  at  the 

Aiiu-riean   Musi-um   of   Natural   Hi-' 
York  City  "  i  with  lantern  illu-t  rat  i<.ns)  was  given 
-u  S.-,,t.'4  by  Prof.  Albert  S.  I'.i.  kmore,  of  New 
Yorkeity. 

Affiliated    Organizations. —Various    other 
scientific  societies,  taking  advantage  of  the  path- 
eringof  so  manv  of  their  members  at  the 
ing  of  the  American  Association,  have  in 
years  adopted  the  practice  of  holding  meetings 
at  the  same  place  and  cont<-mponuieou>   wn|, 
the  American  Association,  but  at  such  hours  as 
not  to  interfere  with  the  regular  sessions  of  the 
larger  body.     <>f  thc-e.  the  Society  for  Promo- 
tion of  Agricultural  Science  met  on  Aug.  26  and 
i??.     Its  president  was  William  Saunders,  of  Ot- 
tawa, Canada,  and  its  secretary  was  William 
Frear.  of  the  state  College,  Center  Count 
The  Botanical  Society  of  America  held  meetingl 
on  Aug.  27  and  28  under  the  presidency  of 
Charles  E.  Bessey,  of  Lincoln.  N,  I,..  .-,11.1   with 
Charles  H.  Barnes,  of  Madison,  Wis.,  as  secre- 
tary.   Likewise,  on  Aug.  27  and  28  the  Ameri- 
can Chemical  SoHcty  mot.  with  Kdpir  F.  Smith, 
of  the  I'nivnrsity  of  Pennsylvania.  Philadelphia. 
Pa,,  as  president,  and  Albert  C.  Hale,  of  I 
lyn.  N.  V..  as  secretary.     On  the  same  dates  the 
Association    of    K<-<>n<>mic    Kntomolo^ist- 
vened,  with  .Mm  H.  Smith,  of  New  Brunswick. 
as  president,  ami   Charles    L.    Marian,  of 
Washington,  D.  C.,  as  secretary.    TheGeol 
Society  of  America  held   its  seventh    summer 
meeting  on  ,nd  -,'s.  with  Nathaniel  S. 

Shaler,  of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  as  president,  and 
Herman  L.  Fairchild,  of  Hoc!  Y.,  as 

secretary.  The  Am.-ri.-an  Mathematical  Societv 
h^ld  meetings  on  Au^.  'JT  and  L»N.  The  presi- 
d.-nt  v  rgc  w.  Hill,  of  West  Nrack, 

N.  .?..  and  its  secretary  was  Thomas  S.  Fiske,  of 
New   York   city.     The   Society   for   Promoting: 
-rin-  Education  met  on  Sept.  '->.  :*.  and  4. 
with    (Jeor  ain,  of  Boston.  Mass.,  as 

president,  and  .Mm  B.  Johnson,  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  as  secretary.  The  American  Forestry  As- 

t    ••„   s-pt.  3.     Its  pn- 

the  H-  nit:  Morton,  and  its  secretary 

was  Prank   H.  Newell,  both    of  Washii 

As  usual  during  the    meeting,  regular 
sessions  of  the  Botanical  Club,  with  Da 
Day,  of  Buffalo,  N.  YM  as  president  and  Henry 


AflSOU  \T!<»N3  FOB  THE  ADVANCEMENT  OF  SCIENCE. 


M 


L.  Boiler,  of  Fargo.  N  ..!>..  as  •ecreUry.  And  UM 

Knt..ia..l..k'i.-al   rl,,»,.    «xh    ihr    u,»    C    .1     - 
i*-,  Ontario,  as  pn«td«nt, 
andCharlwI,  Marl«- 
wonUnr,  were  bald. 

I  in  1  1     ^i-milonft.  _  The*    filial    •avion    of     tlir 

Moofctiaoww  h,M  ,.„  •  !,,  mat*  of  8*1  t. 
when  the  action  of  UM  council  at  iu  routing 
rarhrr  in  the  day  was  wbmitted  fur  ratifarttovl 
Among  UM  measures  proposed  ami  accepted 
wa>  the  recommendation  that  UM  association 

!.:..•'  oa  M'-n.u\  it.  ft  B  of  1  •  it.-  ota  if  .- 
canstd  much  dteuation.  but  wa«  finally  con- 

that  Derailed  were  the  allowing  of  incorporated 
societies  to  become  metnberi  ;  the  changing  of 


changing 

th.  ii.ui..-  of  8o01  '•  "  I  f'1  •  "  •  •  •  •)  '•'••••  "•  HMI 
and  itatbtica  M  to  -  tu>cial  and  economic  Mieooe," 
UM  aJterou  "aociolofy"  being  Toted 

.   the   requirinK  tliat   the'  trraiumT   give 
recommended  by  a  fldrlitr  mronany.  at 

UM   Mtiln       •        I- 


UM  ttipenw  of  UM  a^ociatkm.    ft  w*» 'decided 

not  to  form  a  new  Mciion  for  geography,  and 

amendment  timkuiK  it  compottofy 

for  local  commit  I*.-  t..  incluoe  all  local  mem> 

"f  tin-  ».»- 
A  KTu  an,A. 

•  rout  inning  his 

UptrilBMU  in  light  mea«ur«mrnU     8e< 
rutnuin  n-|H.rt.-<l  that  387  men 

tclMlaiMf. 

and  58  adranoed  to  the  grade  <>f  M!..w •.. 
had  died  .luring  the  year  had  been  8 

iret  and  907  paper*  presented  during 


M..  MM- 

to  meet   in   HulT  ••*;.  nn<!  th,-  time  sp- 

pointed  for  gat 
in  Umt,    Ti  •  •       •  •  _•  OBSWH  «•  N  ok  on: 

pa,  Phil* 

Vice-president*    of   sections:     A,    William    K. 

Worcester.   Mass.:    H.   '  Mees. 

Terre  Hau  \ ..res.  Terre 

Haut.  '    .Marvin.  Lswrenoe, 

' 

William  R.  Ij»/  luniltiiH.  « 

retsjr,  Frederick  W.  Piitiiain 
bridge,  Mam.     General  Secretary,  Charles  R. 

H«rn.-.  Ma.li-.ii.  \N          -•    :•  •  kry  <  f  the  •      . 

ii.h   Hall.  Jr..  Ann 
taries  of  the  seoUfW  A    K<lwin  1?  Fnvt   Han- 


-lum- 
i  Robert  & 


y  -fifth  annual  meeting  of 
ssociation  for  th.-  Advance 
h.-ld  in  [pswioh,  Bep4   IS  iv     : 

t..n.     BNttOB    PlwUODti      \. 
Phvsic*,  W.  HI! 
el   Neldola  :  ('.  <i«-.  -;.v-\.   William 

J.    Mackindrr. 


L.  L.   Pries;    0.  Me- 

ii»ks>      ;STp5rtiS 

r:-v>.r  !•     |Sj|sj    0*J|    B    Sfid    \.r:     D  liar      ft* 


,  Arthur  W.  RkhtSf. 


General 

its  . 
comt 


ings  with  •  meeting  of  UM  | 
•  ntoooojlod  ta   M    '    i     ' 


.  .-•. 
vacant  by  the 
aHoo  to  UM 


.  • 


•• 


:rt.   BIIU    V»t^»    WHBUIVIV  ••••OMOTI  10.         I  OV 

meeting  was  presided  orer  br  Sir  Frederick 
H  nun  well,  a  past  president.  The  council  at  thb 
meeting  nominn 

fc.vfns!r  of  ;"''••"• 

TwAMfrw 

presKieocy.  i  weniy  • 
elected  foreign  correi 
whom  were  Dr.  John  S. 

II. 

f-..i    M.    v  i:       . 

v:    and   Gen. 
Walker.  Boston.  Mssa.    V, 

being  ons  that  wasactsdonss  followsT-The 


BUlings.  t*  S.  A    Phtla- 

: .    •   ,  :      . 


and  approral  of  the  effort  which  b^Tw  being 

•tti  •  .  •• .    i;  v..:  8«  *r*\  otel  ^-  -••>  b     • 

,         x..         •:'•'.         x;        ..--'. 

-  a.  l-ut  did  not  cocMider  that  ant 


further  action  could  usefully  be  taken  by  then 

.•:-.-.••  \  ..-        .-•.„•.•.-•-       '    •• 

•      •',          .».  ••  -....-:•.-..:  '  '     • 

iU-r*..f  the 


n-l-.riol   that   UM  receipts    for 
INM-W  were  £4414.  and  the  |»rnmiU  ib,Kjl 

•.••::.    Th.-  i!.\.*v:.. i.:-.   :  >  -••      f «.:  v  : 

.1  3  per  ornt  v  On  the  mo- 
reward  Frankland.  seconded  br  Dr. 
idstonc.  s  ro(e  of  thanks  was  adopt- 
eil  for  the  retiring  president.  Sir  Frederick 
iwelL 


40 


In  the  tienlat  the  sssiinlaliin  met  for  the 

oW-V&WKi  A: 

tmrvTthe  chair  va*  oaenpled  by  I,  M  K 
one  of  the  ike  president*  •».'. 


m  ihi. 
that  it  wan 

..:    ;      -         II. 

•    :    •  :  ^.  •  ,,  • 
Gallon,  who  for  a  <iuar- 
the  mainstay  of  the 

,c  Prudent-Sir 

Gallon,  to  owning  his  address,  called 
to  the  creel  loss  that  sotfttiofr  had  sus- 

«v  wa*  ore  eminently  qualified  to  assist  in 

•€• 

,  which  to  the  early  davs  of  tne  associa- 


rtain  branches  of  sci- 
was  an  eminent  leader  in 

ntoUeotoai  power,  his 
and  intrepid  mind,  his  vigorous  and 
*  made  him  a  writer  who  ez- 
t  with  transparent 
speaker  his  lucid  and  forci- 
ble style  was  adorned  with  simple  and  effective 
Martial  Jim  to  the  lecture  room ;  and  his  energy 
-k'um.-nt  in  a  more  public  arena 


A89CH  *  FOR  TUB  ADVANCEMENT  OP  SCIENCE. 

Uon  Of  fact*   to  elucidate    the   laws  of    Nature. 

niiy  of  their  rejH.rts  had   brought   about 
iiMirtant   results.     The  lir-t   cited  was  on 
formation    had    been   coll 
tin-  tides  of  the  coasts  of 

End  mid   Ireland,  but  in  1*:M  the  ass,,,  iat  i..n  in- 

to  ••stalilish 

tu,.  tide  gauges,  and  the  Government  t<>  under- 
take tidal  observations  at  500  stations  on  the 
coast  of  Britain,  lie  then  made  brief  allu-ions 
to  the  .  on, in  i. .11  of  some  of  the  branches  of  sci- 
. pared  with  their  present  state, 
drawing  his  information  chietly  from  the  above- 

diflarent  sciences  made  to 

the  association.  I'nder  "Geological  and  Geo- 
graphical >  :,!ra-ted  tlie  ad- 
vances made  in  geology,  and  then  considered 
those  made  in  geogr.>  <  hemic -al, 

J,  and  Physical  Science  "  was  his  next 
heading.  <  >f  cheiuM  ry  he  -aid  :  "  The  most  stu- 
pendous advance  which  we  owe  to  the  spectro- 
scope lies  in  the  celestial  direction."  Then  as- 
tronomy was  taken  up,  and  he  mentioned  our 
own  Keeler's  verification  of  "Clerk  Maxwell's 

•hat  the  rings  of  Saturn  consist  of  a  mar- 
veloii*  company  of  separate  moons."     I' 
and  meteorology  were  then  dix-ussed.    Tl, 
ological  Sciences"  in  turn  passed  under  his  criti- 
ciMii,  including  botany,  animal   physiology,  an- 
thropology, and    bacteriology.     Concerning  tin- 
last  named,  he  referred  to  it'  as  a  meet  in- 
where  the  che-uist,  the  physicist,  and  the  >tati>- 

inite  with  the  sanitary  engineer  in  the  ap- 
plication of  the  science  of  preventive  medicine." 
Under  "  Knu'ineering "  he  •liscussed  sev> 
purification,  smoke  abatement.  mechanics 
neering,  and  metallurgy,  The  ••  Inlluence  of 
Intercommunication  afforded  by  the  Hriti-h  As- 
sociation on  Science  Progress"  he  indicated  by 
the  opportunities  afforded  to  the  young  student 
for  making  the  acquaintance  of  the  leaders  in 
science  at  the  meetings  and  thereby  obtaining 
the  value  of  this  directing  influence.*  The  asso- 
i  also  gives  material  aid  to  many  of  the  in- 
vestigators whom  it  bring*  together  by  granN  of 
money.  The  speaker  t  hen  described  the  \ 
agencies  by  means  of  which  ^  ience  in  Germany 
was  fostered  by  the  state  and  by  municipalities, 
and  these  he  contrasted  with  the  means  afforded 
bv  way  of  assistance  to  scientific  research  in 
Great  Britain.  He  said  that  the  British  Associ- 
ation ha/1  contributed  £60.000  to  aid  research 

's  foundation.  In  conclusion,  he  called 
attention  to  the  fact  that  those  who  nearly  half 

.i-ya-o directed  the  movement  of  national 
education  were  trained  in  early  life  in  the  uni- 
versities, in  which  the  value  of  scientific  meth- 
ods wasnot  at  that  time  fully  recognized.  I 
the  schools  neglected  for  a  long  time  to  encour- 
age the  spirit  of  investigation  which  develop^ 
feet  i>  diminishing  rapidly. 

-r  cause  is  the  want  of  appreciation  of  sci- 
ence by  the  Government.     It  aids  it  with  r: 
but  science  is  not  fashionable,  and  it*  students 

ot  received  the  same  measure  of  r> 
tion  which  the  state  accords  to  services  ret 
by  its  own  officials,  by  politicians,  and  by  the 
army  and  navy,     Ho  closed  by  expressing  full 
confidence  "  that  the  future  records  of  the  Mrit- 
ish  Association  will  chronicle  a  still  greater  prog- 
reel  than  that  already  achieved,  and  that  the 


bHpwl  to  win  the  battle  of  evolution  and 
re  for  ns  the  right  to  discuss  questions  of 
religion  and  science  without  fear  and  without 
favor."  He  then  said:  M  A  bout  forty-six  years 
ago  I  began  to  attend  the  meetings  of  the  Itnt- 
Ui  Association,  and  I  was  elected  one  of  your 
general  secretaries  about  twenty-five  years  ago. 
It  is  not  unfitting,  therefore,  that  I  should  recall 
to  your  tfiH*lt  tne  conditions  under  which  sci- 
ence was  panned  at  the  formation  of  the  associ- 
ation, es  well  as  the  very  remarkable  position 
which  the  eeeociaUoo  ha<  occupied  in  Ma- 
in th«-  absence  of  railways  communi- 
parts  of  the  country  was 
ience  was  localised,  and 
this  condition  the  Britfcl 
Uon  was  formed  to  September.  1881,  holding  its 
Em  msstmg  to  YorkTwith  858  members.  The 
OBjlets  of  the  founders  were :  •  To  give  a  stronger 
toipnlst  and  a  more  systematic  direction  to  sci- 
••»  promote  the  intercourse  of 
1  science  to  different  parts  of 

,      •        •     ..-.:    -.1    ' 

to  obtain  a  more  general 
attMtiontotheobjecUofsoiei^e.andaretnoval 
of  any  disadvantage  of  a  public  Irind  which  im- 

— -mT  At  the  third  meeting,  held 

m   1W.  it  wan  already  lirong 
«a«er  •       ..:. 

'tWredaotioooftbeaetrooomicalob- 
of  Baily."    Then,  taking  the  condi- 
tion of  cettaia  seiences  at  the  foundation  of  the 


to  the  faot  thai  at  Ha  first  meeting  the  ajeocia- 
Uoo  initiated  a  Mice  of  reports  upon  the  condi- 
tk«  at  that  time  of  the  varioos  sciences.  A 
>  of  the*,  reports  shows  the 


•  VMWWV  «HV  vimn 

made  since  1*31  to  the  toveatiga> 


AS80CI \TloSS    FOR   TIIK    AHVAV 


41 


British  nation  will  maintain  if  boding 
amon*  the  nation*  of  thr  w..rl.i.  if  a  wfll 

rt*  to  pro- 
mote reeearoh,  supplemented  bj  that  additional 

<-areae»of  •dentific  utility 


•Man  eatabliahed  ** 

""Prexwedlift  wf  ine  HaeUona.    A 

WHi/K-4  <IM</  /*v.ir-.-Thi»  ar«-U,,ii  *«, 

;  rincipal  of 

Firth  College,  in  Sheffield.     In  th«-  U-jcinning  of 
his  address  he  s*»  ultimate  aim  <  '. 

tNDOMfta    f  \v  .r.  „   :!    ,.:  /!.>  ••,  f.  -v 

.i  pojajbli  l*n  tron  v.,  rimpseii  hndameotal 

*-f!i       If....,,,,.,  ,..;  -..•!,.    ,„.„„  .!:,',     fcftfft    Ol 


.SauT* 

Also  the  f-llowing  report* 

*  Keport  on  Cosmic  Dust,"  by  Jean 

aground  TesMeratare,- 
by  J.  : 

:.  ;      ...     v,:  ...    -  •  ;     , 


On  the  13th  a  Joint  meeting  of  the  MCI  ion  in 
mathematics  anu   chrmirtnr  wa«  held  for  the 

1    .-:  '.-..-.-    •:  •     ,-".-'•         ...  - 

gaeee  argon  and  hrliuin.  a*  well  M  for  the  coo- 


or  rather  two  related  theoriee— on  the  constitu- 
tion of  inn!  ,-y  are  known  as 
matter  and  the  vor- 

t.  \  BOM  Iheori  ..f  th.  ather,  Th«-  odnlflM  •  f 
nice  were  then  most  carefully 
view  of  eliminating  their  com- 


Rayleigh  gave  an  acoc 

,  • ,  •  • 

the  riscoaity  of  argon  and 

.1  II  GladstoM  read  MBpeeiieBeftMllonsnd  the 
Periodic  Law";  A.  ftcbuster  "The  jj|lHiOMaBii 
Beparation  of  GMea":  Prof.  Itenge  -The  SMetie- 

.  .  t      Bei .  rat    :     •   i  •     .:-••••-•;' 
and  O.  J.  Biooey  -  The  Inten*****  <*  Bfirtra," 
<»i,  UM  M-i,  BMttoi  A  ihrldsd  U    •-     h 


the  strong  points  in  their 

I::  MMbssI   M  )•••  Hid 


The  very  rapid  survey  1  have  attempted  to  make  b 

!         ..•.,-..:...•-.;:          ••-..:.••::         .        :.. 
-    •  .        r.%.  .,  ..  !  '     .  •  •         .•.:•-•...     •    ..  r.  .•      • 

: 


M.    brfeel ksa  been  •   -• 

ether,  based  on  a  i 

ahowa  very  promising  »i*n 

.   .  •       .-••.-     . .     : 


has  been  to  show  that 

r:  ..  L  •-  •  M  vhioi 
ing  able  to  n\ 
phenomena  of  our  national  uni- 

«S±&*«««! 

D  up...ih,-n.  iu..lifl,tl  «ith  further  knowledge. 

not  proceed  to  panioularixe  in  ouraeeond  hy- 
potheses until  we  know  more  about  the  properties  of 

au  a*  we  have  been  considering.  Every  spe- 
cial problem  solved  in  vortex  motion  puts  u»  in  a  po- 
sition to  form  clearer  ideas  of  what  can  and  what  -an 

afcirLSssftss  tfsara: 

t>..,    ,-  T',    r,      •'  i  .     Sal  -     •        Ir.    I          MSJ   Wl  sttii   I 

•tained  will 

)..  sfspe  :»'.  Bssvesl  «-  brpes    f  Bnl  t  nw  •••  ^     I-  is 

e   ii.ath.-tnaticians 

most  lead  the  atto  have  attained  my  ob- 

ject in  choosing-  thla  subject  for  my  addrexa.  if 

take  it  up  and  work  out  it*  details. 

••••  more  important  papers  presented 
before  this  section  were: 

MThe  Arrangements  and  GoTernment  of  the  Ger- 
m.n_KriehsanslaltorKati..f,. 

l>oafflaB  Galton  ;  -  The  Teachinff  of  Osooist 
•rawitur  in  Schi- 
gessfttcation  and  Diaeleetriflcatioo  of  Air  an  '. 

Difference  of  Potential  Current  and  Length  of  the 

oof  Moleru- 

lar     K,-fm.-t;.-n     -      -./••  \  --•.:• 

• 

Matfnrti,-  'rnirv"  by  s    r    Ttesja  a;  -  \ 

•o  Ap- 
paratus for  Standard!*  .  mncrmture  Thtr- 
moroetew,"  by  E.  II.  Grifflthn:  -  On  tl.r  Back  Elec- 
tro-moti vo  Force  an-l  True  ReiOstance  of  • 

tather;Mo 

::arenedha*  throifh  - 
Psjsing"  by  B.  E.  Edser  and  S.  (i.  Starting;  and 


lowing  papers  were  read :  **  Bierelie  Vortex  Ag- 

•mlse'  •  :•  li       -:     •       '.    •    . 

\n  Ingsaione  Mefhansraf  Top." 

which  I'rof.  Ayrtoo  pr 
s  which  the  following  papers 
ian    Thunderstorms,     by     Prof. 
Smith  ;  -Some  Observations  with  Lord  Kelvin's 

thur 


and  also  the  fol  -  Report  of  the 

n  Karth  Trrmor*."  br(J 
rt  of  the  Committee  on  the  Application 
of  Photography  to  Meteorology.**  by  <Tj.  8r- 
moot;  and  -Report-  on  Kartn- 

ooakw  in  Japan.**  by 
10th  this  sect  ion  met  f  or  coneideratioo  of  qoee- 

-A  .••.'•.••     :   •  •      ' 

,,-..,..•  ,  -, 

ter  of  Combination  Tone*"  wae  opened   bt 

Arthur  H  participated   in  by  &  I1. 

RayUgh.  ILord  Kelvin,  and 


Heat 
descnbed  by  K    II.  Griffiths,  and  discussed  by 

papers  on  "The  Thermal  Condu 

-  of  1  jquid*.-  I  tea.  and  M  A 

.  omi*nng  the  lleat 
of   DifT.nnt    l.j,,ui«U  at   t : 

liam  Ramsay  and  Miss  Dorothy  Marshall 
were  read. 

R   t'krmtrnl   »Vri>SM».— The   pT« 

•rot  Repheel 


tute.     Prof.  Mel.Ua,  at  the  beginning  of  his 


oontraste,!  the  condition  of 
e  when  the  eaenniitton  met  last 
h  .wledge  of  that 

-The  so<ailed    new   cbemi- 


at  the 

in 

•cience. 


wich.  but  it  wat  not 

the  modem  view.  w« 


Nation  last  aaaembled  in  Int- 
eome  years  later  that 


till 


It  was  at  that 


„  that  the  nomenclature  of  organic  com- 
ti  t  he  wbjert  of  a  report  by  Dr.  Dan- 
It  wae  about  1851  that  the  era  of  struc- 
tural or  constitutional  chemistry  based  on  the 


;• 


AflBOTlATloSS  FOR  TUB  ADVANCEMENT  OP  SCIENCE. 


4o*Uia«  of  UM  solmcy  of  li» 
Ihsmffer  the  oom  of 
kotfia  two 


U    QB^HHW*/     Mi»J     ww 

thai  we  bar*  gained 


lefall 


of  the 

:  : 


not  an  ebeol«uy  eaeeotial 

step  onward  tow 

.-      •'     .    -   .-        ;:.  .      '    .- 


Alto  the  following  reports  were  presented: 
"Report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Teaching  of  Sci- 
ence to  Elementary  School*,"  by  in.  .Mm  II.  Olad- 
Mone;  -Report  of  the  Committee  on  Quantitative 
Analysis  b/Meana of  Electrolysis"  by  Dr.  C 
»  Report  of  the  Committee  appointed  to  prepare  a 
New^eriea  of  Wave-length  Table*  of  the  Spectra  of 

IKMt  Of 

the  Committee  on  the  Preparation  of  Pure  Haloids'1; 
and  the  «  Report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Bibliogra- 
phy of  Speotroaoopy." 

C.  Oeoloffv.—Thi*  section  was  presided  over 

.mm  Whitaker.whoisconn..  t.,1  with  tin- 
Geological  Survey  of  Great  Hriuun.  He  chose 
M  the  subject  of  his  address  "  Underground  in 
Suffolk  and  its  Borders." 

The  object  of  this  addreaa  ia  to  carry  you  below 
the  iturface,  and  to  point  out  how  much  our  knowl- 
edge of  the  geology  of  the  country  in  which  %\ 
has  been  advanced  by  engineer*  and  others  ii. 
aearch  for  water.  This  information  haa  accumulated 
ainoe  1851,  for  of  the  476  Suffolk  wells,  of  which  an 
account  with  some  geologic  information  has  been 
pubUthed.  only  68  were  noticed  before  that  year.  Of 
the  Drift  it  may  be  said  that  it  is  only  from  the  wells 
that  we  can  feel]  it*  thickness  over  most  of  this  pla- 
teau. Sometimes  the  sections  seem  to  point  to  the 
existence  of  channels  filled  with  Drift,  such  as  are 
also  found  in  Ersex  and  in  Norfolk.  Less  informa- 
tion is  available  of  the  Crag,  as  it  is  not  t*<> 

" ;  Htill  the  evidences  show  it  to  be  far  thicker 


tfa 


to  the  dis- 


'  I     •:.   ••    -•      •   SJUMMU 

IV  ".  MB  '  to  "-••  i-  ifttioa 
of  arm  and  helium  in  the  periodic  system  of 
ehtsajpal  elements,  he  agreed  with  Prof.  Ramsay 
that  tt  was  still  U»  prrmat  ure  to  speculate  and 
mid  not  he  decided  until  it  was  certain  that 


,'  hir  Anhor  Clowes;  -The  Action  of 
vf  •  in  Presence 


Ojlh.  Ifth  U*  ttedoo  mat  with  the  section 
7  to  dtesi  the  relation  of 


f«^7  to  tesi  the  relation  of  agriculture 
l»  Mill  Hi  ftftd  Pro!  MeldoU  pwridedl  orer  the 
lotetMeUng.  at  which  R.  WSSgton  r^a>l  a 


was  supposed.    Below  the  Crag  there  is  a  great 
gap  in  the  geologic  series,  and  we  reach  some  of  the 
lower  Tertian  formations.     The  important  evidence 
obtained  is  showing  the  great  underground  extent  of 
the  older  Tertiary  beds.    The  chalk  is  read 
many  wells,  yet.  owing  to  its  great  thickness,  but  lit- 
tle information  is  available  about  it.    No  case  is  on 
record  of  the  chalk  being  pierced  from  top  to 
in  Suffolk.     From  the  base  of  the  chalk  we  pass  out 
of  the  region  of  facts  into  the  realm  of  speculation. 
To  the  Question,  "  What  rockH  underlie  th< 
ceous  beds  at  great  depths  ?"  ponsidi-ration  i- 
From  the  fact  that  there  is  no  area  of  old  m<-ks  at  the 
surface  in  our  island  south  of  the  Fort!)  in  whi.-h 
coal  measures  are  not  a  constituent  formation,  and  on 
the  principle  of  reasoning  from  the  known  to  tin-  un- 
known. H-O  why  we  should  expect  anything 
but  a  like  occurrence  of  coal  measures  in  del 
basins  in  our  vast  underground  tract  of  old  rocks. 
The  question  of  finding  and  of  working  coal  in  va- 
rious parts  of  southeastern  Kn/lan-l  i-  not  met 
local   interest;   it  is  of  national   imt>ort«nee. 
time  must  come  when  the  coal  fields  that*, 
worked  for  years  will  be  more  or  less  exhausted,  and 
we  ought  certainly  to  look  out  ahead  for  others,  so  as 
to  be  ready  for  the  lessening  yield  of  thr, 
served  us  so  well.    It  is  on  our  coal  that  our  national 
prosperity  depends,  and,  as  far  as  we  can  see,  will 
Offend.    Let  us  not  neglect  any  of  the  bounteous 
gifts  of  Nature,  but  let  us  show  rather  that  we  are 
ready  to  search  for  the  treasures  that  may  i><  hidden 
under  our  feet,  and  the  ti  m  i  will  result 
in  the  common  welfare  of  our  native  land. 

Appended  to  the  address  was  a  list  of  the 
i-apers  on  the  old  r«*-k-  underground  in 
southeastern  England  since  1889.  wh.-i,  tl 
ject  was  treated  of  in  the  memoir  on  tin  "Geol- 
ogy of  London,*  eta 

'k'  the  papers  read   before  the  section 
were  the  follow  i  Itecent  Co., 

atSouthwold  and  Covehithe,"  by  John  Spiller; 
"On  the  Southern  Character  of  the  Molfuscan 
Fauna  of  the  Coralline  Crag,  tested  by  an 
Analysis  of  its  Characteristic  and  Abundant 
by  P.  W.  Harraer.  On  Sept.  15  this 


AflBO.  -.S  ROB  TIIK   Al.\  KKT  OF  8CIKTCK. 


nnr>   ROOM  MM  MM  VHMBtl      '   IB    b]       IB 

,,fi:h,t,  BtfeoatJstOosjiMtd  brief**  E 


«-,,.,|»,,K.,  ,,f   thr   .,.,.,,   r,-Ui,,|  «-.   l,rt,,M   f.  r       "' fl    !:"    f   •• 
mation*  and  earthquake  phenomena,  amf  pew       "Tt»  «fj«l 

•  r^  on  account    ^«*C 


I  »   /x,«w.-OTer  thl.  action  Prot  Willinrn 
*  the  oUIr  of  Natural 


On  the  ISthftrittiiif  ofthbMctioavMUId 
MM  on  board  A  •tmmer  t  h»t  h«d  been  duv- 
tered  for  •  dredging  excorrioo  off  lianridi.    OB 


tonr  in  UoiTenutT  IVIIrgr,  Livrn«,,|.  ,,m.id«l.  ,     foM,  .ini 

.c  in  the  hirtory  of  thr  Hrit 
U  A«ocUtion.  Section  D  meeU  without  includ 


Hrit-        "  <>• 


BMbV  >•> 
lowneni  of  the' 
IT     Kaahf&d   Dean ;  *•  Medassi 


l^wR  O 
•JKp^ditlOO^  ft  nUtfOiflo6Qt  MflM  Of  50  QUMtO  VOlttlMHL 

58    ! 

will  rvmaii:  n-  • 

finance.     It  b  th7  ftnilvolumc.  of  ihi  «rie.  thai     Oxford,  and  U> 
.•iren  daflniteiMa*  of  wop0  and  a  tnoModou* 

- 


InipuU-  to  that  ienco-inainly  aooloclcal 

h  Ucomiof  to  ba  called  oiwanoirraphy.lt  la 


of  competition  between  Individual*  and  allied  specie*, 
baa  been  most  active. 

Bionomics  which   deals  with  th.»  habits  and 
variations  of  animal*,  their  in. -li Orations  and 

these  modiflcationn  t-  t! 
n«uu.link'roiMlitionsof  existence  wan  t 

t  hroloev.  the.  »i+uttMA  frMhnnnt  of  Ash- 

marine  nooJogyiTto  ourflahing  indo^rST'ln    that  «h«  most  modern  rwemrrh  trmb  to  show 

that  rhinese  cirilUation  was  of  Western  origin. 

Rut  if  thr  aoolofbt  baa  gnat  opportunities  for  use-        Since  the  war  between  Franca  and  Germany  to 
IMS*,  ha  oueht  alwava  to  bear  in  mind  that  be  he*     1870  chair*  of  feofraphMl  ecience  hare  b««n  mul- 

^oniniu^hdrpen^  ^~Z^*^~£S^L  neeS?dg: 

and  even  imperial  legialaaooTmay  all  be  af-     baa  been  most  rapid.     There  ««  ATM  si 
xnaion.    HeSaghTnSl  Ugbtly  to  come    -rradon,  eat*.^.  and  teeehmf.    1W 


FOR  THE  ADVANCEMENT  OP  SCIENCE. 


end  iKMjiiiUl  by  the  tesohar     opinion  with  leas  assurance,  and  for  that  very  reason 
IMT  U  ib»  ox»4  lypkrnJ  aod  own      has  lost  some  of  his  influence  on  practical  affairs. 


a  toe*  to  Oust  Britain  with  an  occasional  man 
nad«  by  PMannaan,  tat  especially  that  all 
settee*  «•*•*»  «i<ht  toaro  the  way  of  the  gco- 


For  the  practical  man  ban  a  sneaking  ;. 

1-    -   .     •!  , 

-  employer  that  the  wages  earned  by  the 
OMB  ahould  be  adequate  U>  maintain,  and,  if  possible. 
to  inarease  their  efficiency  ;  and  it  waa  the  intereat  of 


the  employed  that  the  profit*  of  the 

should  encourage  enterprise  and  induce  a  •oJBotall 

i       |.r-«lu.-ti..ii—  iiti.l  that  waa  a 


ics  alono  c  •  u  M  duly  emphasise— 


tft*  papers  read  before  this  popular 


and  Gharian  in  Tripoli," 
•out    RockaJU"   by    .V 
and  the  Siberian  Kail- 
oyage  to  the  AnUrc- 
M  Some  Recent  Phys- 

•     N  ••   -  ,  .;•  i 

"Oceanic  Circulu- 
an  Instru 
•     •  -•  .   .,:      , 
-•-  •     .    ..  «; 

pbkal  Phsoomsoa  and  Navigation  Problems,"  by 
&  Blaikk;  -  An  Expedition  to  Kuweniori,  the 
of  a  MonSTianM  whtehare  evi- 

>of  Usonr**,"  by  0.  MeettttofrifcV 


•  by  8.  L.  Kittle:  -The  Progress  w,  „,„ 
.    :•          •  \    M  -. 

- 

by  A.  Trrror  Battye;  "On  Formosa,*1  by 
Dfakwa:-on  thVltassiaa  Poassasions  in  Central 
Asia*  aod  -  *ns  of  Northern  Mongolia," 

by  A.  Markoff ;  -  On  the  Topography  of  Korea,"  by 
Myrcs;  and  a  -  Report  of  the  Committee  on  the 

~  ••.-.      .,,'         •     .1       i     •      -.    :.- 


and   War  in  the  Congo' 


and    Statistic*.— This 
CUfonL    He  Mid  in  reference  to 


was  the  ultimate  source  of  wealth  distributed.     The 

•  'ic  amount  procured  the  larger  win*  likely  to  be 
the  share  of  either  part  y  in  distribution,  and  many 
event  it  was  certain  that  a  decreased  prodnctioo  must 

,•',•-      •     .1  -tribution,  the  burd<  n   <•!'  u  liieh 
•.dl.thouu'h  r  party. 

•'.u. -ne.-  tl.  .  /ion  bypro- 

•i  was  one  which  workmen  seemed  especially 

.  •..-...;.  .  .          .  ,  ...  .;.,,.., 

in  favor  of  "  making  work"  or  "providing  employ 
ment  for  the  unemployed  "  proceeded  from  ignorance 
or  neglect  of  consideration.    One  of  the  most 
taut  advances  of  recent  economics  consisted  in  the 
emphasis  given  to  the  influence  of  distribution  in  pro- 
duction, and  they  saw  more  clearly  then  their  prede- 
cessors how  the  poverty  of  the  poor,  by  b« 
insufficiency,  mignt  cause  their  i 
wagea  might  imply  not  a  high  but  a  low  cost  of  pro- 
diu-tion. 

The  following  were  among  the  principal  papers 
presented  before  the  section : 

"  A  Comparison  of  the  Rate  of  Increase  of  Wages  in 
.     the  United  States  and  Great  Britain,  1860-18<M 

A.  L.  Bowley  ;  "  Bimetallism  with  a  Climbing  Ratio," 
by  II.  Ilijrip*;  "The  Curren 
Shaw;  -The  <;.,id  Standard," bj Gem 
Menace  to  Kn^'lish  Industry  from  the  ("ornpe: 
Silver-Using     <'oUntrie>."    bj    K.    S.   Gundry;   » The 
System  that  prevails  in  Scotland  for  the 
of  the  National   Parochial  Registers."  1-v  II 
.'riculturo  in  Suffolk  from  the  Landlord1 
'-    I'retyman:  -The  1'n.l-ab. 

Cessation  of  the  Growth  of  Population  in  England 
and  Wales  before  1961,"  by  Edwin  Cannun;  "The 
Correlation  of  the  Rate  of  Total  Pauperism  with  the 
Proportion  of  Outdoor  1  '  .Yule; 

44  The  State  and  Workers  on  the  Land/  by  J.  Frorne 
Wilkinson;  anduThe  National  Value  of  Or. 
Labor  and  Co-operution  among  Women,"  by  Mrs. 
Bedford  FenwickV 

O.  Mechanical  Science.— L.  F.  Vcrn. >n   H.ir 
'"urt...f  the  Institute  of  Civil  Engineers,  was 

•  Mdiiitr  '-nicer  of  this  section,  and  h-  de- 
livered an  inaugural  address  on  "The  i;,-lnti«.n 
of  Engineering  to  Science."     At  tho  outset  ho 
expressed  the  belief  that   it   would  be  best  to 
limit  his  t..j,ic  to  consideration   of  tho  relation 
that  engineering  in  general,  and  maritime  and 

iQc  engineering  in  particular,  bear  to  pure 
science,  and  the  means   oy  which   progr 
engineering   science   might  be  best 

•  scope  ami  utility  increased.     Aft.  r  di- 
cussing  several  well-known  definitions  of  en- 
gtneenng  he  referred  to  the  equipments  of  an 
engineer,  and  said : 


Amongthcbranchesofsciencenece 
>««•,  two  mar  be  regarded  as  of  t 


irn 
Hher 


of  comparatively  minor  im[)oftance  to  en- 
/  chemistry,  «J»logy,  and    meteor 

mattes  in  iu  higher  branches  appears  to 
«  *»        i °'rec*  connection  with  cngineenng,  but 
applied  mathematics  can  not  be  safely  neglected  by 
eer.    Under  physics  he  spoke  of  the  many 
a  knowledge  of  science  was 


ASSOCIATIONS   FOR  THE  ADVANCEMENT  OF  8< 
MIT.  Doubly  In  «Mtt«f>  Mruioiac  to  eomrnMJ  air.    prwikxiAff  to  «mm  of ' 

X, 

to  UlumlnMlon,  u> 


dllc  to  AOlIWMtlflUtfillf  !••  MBOWIt  •lui  vffpct  of  to* 

-M>!  .itu«ti«m.     Much  of  iht     tioo  oo«  r«cr  bad  over  aonchrr.   I' 


•rtiou  of  l.u      drM  WM  U.VOUK!  ID  •  ooo-     were  mlu«J  toHNMtliiiw  Uuleould  U 

»i.|.-rnti  --ti  •  f  lh.  • 


In  engineer-  animated,  they  coaid  only  grope  iathe dark  m  to  all  ra- 

;r»  acienco,  it  U  lm|«»ibl«  to  etaad  Mill;  rial  gaeMion.  lnconclarfoaUMi|itakar»aM;"ltUtii* 

»,,l,n.;.M,.r,  r,   ,.•••.!,   -,,r    l,arm!>.r..v<r  M-k  bwbMH     f  a«klafl      --'     '••      -•'      '        -        [•• 

,nfc.  ',.a)1.r,,:.t.-   m.-r.     :.."...-      fN.tura.Jld  atefH      *     MijSl     fl        •      "  '     I       fl 

>l^  •• » «liiion»  of  at*ietioa>  e  v*r  eodoaToriaff  ID  nejffect  nftatn  *nd  ntilitr  01  the  v arioM  ewfttMM  aAd  hahiftv 

tlMtraMthodt  by  th*  Ufhlof  (reah  dkooUrtiaTaiid  DeSdto  bt  potalad  oat,  and  ia  vaat  way  they  ara 

•ver  rtrivlnc  to  make  pU  Mq^rUBM  and  a  wider  rwaonable  and  nrWM  u>  U>. 


AmooirthrnHr»pmtiitod  bef ora  thia  MO-    ., o«r own, and  that  ao <- aoliiio.  wit Ifc . .dBhr- 
»  ware  the  following :  eat  mea, iJftaia»a.flr  aat  of  gnadhioaa.    TW  h%a«ai 

*^#*W»  •  4*!?5?J^*aS^     rtS^  toUi.P  lEa^kEw  w^'orTSoAkki 

.?i~.?!?P    aaa^tl^ria«tarto^p|taia^^ 
prriadieai  and  rir«»  of  life  and 
•nul  with  an  entirely  dUfercot  pi 


,«,.,.,  ,  P^»^I  i.  -, 

Growth  if  the  Pbrt  of  !Ur  .lliun  Birt  :    wotioo  were  the  following  : 

i  l"0k  Of  «  Th     K«IMlM  Of  thr 

HolUnd  and  the  Impn.Ten.nt  of  the  Scheor  B««cb     j  JStPft  WUteUL 

• 


e  Impn.Tejn.nt  o    te   ceor    ««c  j  WUteUL  fTWI 

v  i.  I-   \,n,-,  Hur-.ur  ;••>..„„.  ,  .,      BrrfSi    •  tor-          "    v   r         -.       • 

and  rijfun*  rrlatinir  to  the  Autumn  u  Stooe  ImpkaMOtomi   niMMniMiil"  by   II.  W. 
"                                - 


Fteoda  of T8WT  iaoi ;  " The  Dredfia,     sSSTKiuT^^On    FUat  and    M^J   Workia*   hi 

Oaaml  m    ••  "  •'  afamr  Bar,-  t>j   \    G   Lyatar;     ',  ...:.K  M   nuaaaajFaii 

-,,,  ,,,.,,    V^Kvlr..!.'!:.^..,,:-:.^!^::..^-        .-;*..    ....    ....         N 


1                  •  •   R      :  •.nihaBaai   and   tW 

>.!,-   ]•:>••.•.-     »-v  is'-mv  Tribw  te  th«  Coaco  BaMa.*  by  CapL  8.  U 

T^trraadtl'    11.  Pr^aas-ga. 

T!.  rwdT    .-..;•  ......          ,      .. 

>  .  Luke ;  u  A  Move-  fUnwt*«<U  at  die  Art-tie  Tundra*."  b?  Afiaar  Moaaa- 


ral  « •aitipMim.-  »  •• ;  "  A  Move-     j^oVad-  of  the  Arrtk  Tun.lni."  by  Ar 

mvnt  .l^iirn^l  t-  .tt-in   AitrooomioaJ   A.-curarv  in     fi..n.  -..  ,,. ,n  ,     ,    n  ..  .    ny    f.  r  \t.  ,  Ba*«: 

Modern     y  JUUgioa.  Or%ta  of  DaacW1 

a^^^^^k^ir-ssi;^  Mll^li'SLoxc;jir 

*«*\PtSl'mr  8n?l    Dial*rt."t,r«    <i  .kBeiaaai:-Oe* 

.        ; 
Sff^^^SJSSUX  ^±&%2tiafiaMK%r»8!: 

W.  «.  Walker;  and  -  A  Kew  Prindpla  of  Aerial     nUoo  of  Other  RaoM."  in  which  the  chairman, 
by  R  Badon  Powell.  ,     ^  x-.v  .,.   r.     pr   f.   liaddoo,   IT    1:    \    «     4, 

.•  Koth. 


Pw^^arf^iftftatrftt    fta^Ai^aVMft     tfWafM     faV.^  *TKa\ft«»«   V a\Ilv>Y  *    1>V 

aadw*    Dr.  Oaiaoa:  ami- Th«  Ut^t  thrown  on  Ptohjve 
ion  lor    TtBMa,*  by  O.  HartwaJlMav 


II 


wat  presided  over 
Dyer,  doctor  of  the 
teKew.    Beemki: 


men 
Influenced  the  cur- 

! ,....,  . 


ftilansAiii  w*h  HoBslow  -  a.  a  cin-u.uM 
vakil  iaiMMed  «v  whole  career  mor 


ASSOCIATIONS  FOR  TUB  ADVANCEMENT  OP  SCIENCE. 

Popular  Feature*.— on  the  evening  of  Sept. 
12  awirfc  was  given  in  the  Ipswich  M 
under   tin-   auspices  of    the    Ipswich    Scientific 
Societyand  (lie  SutTolk  Institute  of  An  1m 
A  discourse  on  "Magnetism  in  Rotation"  was 
delivered  on  the  evening  of  Sept.  \:\  I.y  Pr,.f. 

M  P.  Thompson.     Saturday.  Sept.  1  : 
devoted  to  excursions;  these  included  whole- 
day  excursions  to  Southwold   ;.nd  <»\ford    and 
hnlf-d:  ions   to   Bury  St.   Kdmunds  to 

Helmingham   Hall,  and  to  Wenhatn  Hall  and 

Hadley.     The    lecture    to   w.rkingmen    was   on 
•id  was  delivered  on  Saturday  oven- 
ing  by  Dr.  Alfred   Fison.     "The  Work  of  Pas- 
tour  and  its  Various  Developments"  was  the 

,.f  the  second  evening  discourse,  given  by 

l-'rankland.  on  the  Uiih. 

Among  the  foreign  scientific  men  attending 
the  meeting  were  Frederick  P.edell.  ,,r  Cornell 
University,  Itha--...  N.  Y.J  C,  I'!.  Curry.  ..f  Mu- 
nich: A.  P.  N.  Krancliiinoiit.tif  Levden  :  UuMave 
Gilson,  of  Louvain;  othniel  ( '.  Harsh,  of  Yale 
("niver-ity.  New  I  la\  -en.  <  'oiin. :  Dr.  <Mto  Maas, 
of  Munich;  Prof.  Pax-hen.  Ol 
Remsen.  of  .Johns  Hopkins  rniver>ity.  P.alti- 
inoiv.  Md.:  Dr.  van  Hijckevorsel, of  Rotterdam  ; 
Prof,  l;  and  Dr.  T.  M.  Tivub. 

of  Huit.-n7.org,  Java, 

Mteiidance  and  liraiiK  Ai  tin-  meeting 
of  the  (Jcneral  Council,  held  on  Sept.  18,  the 
treasurer  reported  an  attendance  of  1,324  i»er- 
sons,  of  whom  31  were  new  annual  members 
and  498  were  associates.  The  receipts  were 
£1,236,  of  which  £1,160  were  distributed  among 
the  sections  in  grants  for  research  as  follow: 
Mathematics  and  physics,  £250 ;  chemistry, £80; 
geology,  £140;  zoSlogv,  £405 ;  geography,  £10 ; 
mechanical  science,  £40;  anthropology,  £180; 
physiology,  £25;  and  corresponding  societies, 
£80.  According  te  " Nature*:  "Coming  after 
the  Oxford  year,  the  meeting  in  Ij^wi« -i. 
nnmlKTS  comparatively  small;  but  from  a  sci- 
entific point  of  view  everything  augurs  well." 

Next  Meeting. — The  association  will  meet 
in  1896,  in  Liverpool,  beginning  on  Sept.  16. 
The  invitation  to  meet  in  Toronto,  Canaa a,  in 
1897  was  renewed,  and  was  unanimously  ac- 
cepted. An  invitation  from  Bournemouth  was 
received  for  1898.  Sir  Joseph  Lister,  eminent 
as  the  father  of  antiseptic  surgery,  who  is  for- 
eign secretary  of  the  Koyal  Society,  was  ap- 

d  as  president-elect  for  the  meeting  in 
Liverpool  in  1896.  Besides  the  election  of  the 
vice-presidents  named  for  that  meeting,  the  re- 
election of  the  general  secretary,  the  assistant 
general  secretary,  the  treasurer,*  and  the  ordi- 
nary members  of  the  council  then  took  place. 

\  iMralaHian.— The  sixth  annual  meeting  of 
the  Australasian  Association  for  the  Advance- 
ment of  Science  was  held  in  Brisbane,  (t> 
land,  beginning  on  Jan.  11  and  ending  on  Jan. 
18,  with  excursions  on  Jan.  10,  21,  and  23.  The 
officers  of  the  meeting  were  as  follow:  Presi- 

A.  C.  Gregory.     Sec:>n   Pr^idents:  A, 

noray,  Mathematics,  and  Physics,  Alex- 
ander McAulay;  I',.  Chemistry,  .1.  H.  Maiden: 
Cf  Geology  and  Mineralogy,  f .  W.  Edge  worth 
I>avid:  I).  Biology,  Arthur  D<ndy:  K.  Geogra- 
phy. Baron  F.  von  Mueller:  K.  Kthnology  and 
Anthropolojnr,  Thomas  Worsnop;  Gt  Economic 
Science  and  Agriculture,  W.  Scott ;  H,  Engineer- 


*, 
SSgS  wm  *  Uvtacspirit,  U  now  aa  it 
rtaamlly,  k>atof  to  hold  upon  ua,  Urn  ha« 
ttol  b«o  dm  to  to  want  of  value  an  an  cdu- 
lHtoHsA  or  to  to  Utility  In  oonttibuting 
to  bttman  knowledge.    AM  Cray  ban  com- 
Robert  Bro«n  «>th    l»ur»ii  •  Urit- 

who  have  -more  than 


*  Aa  AMPOM^fsfaiss  Bsctsrism^r  Manhall 

F.  O.  Bowr:  -TW  Ou-«nw«  la  New  Zealand  of 
Two  fona»  of  Mtrid  TnatepobliaMaV  by  A. 
Vaajboa  Jeas&afM-  -TH«  YariatioiMof  Y«a*t  Cells.* 

10  Osiliealibmai  flanu."  tnr  Dr.  D.  II.  Rcott: 

i^B^tea^.   *^*    alvA    O^Atf.        •..,    ^ •«    i^*-  T^»    *r      \i 

VTHaWW  VI  U*w   rmDflwm    I rM«      DJ  I/T.    I .  M. 

•>  ty  SSf  WeL;  "CnnsaroliM  Uw  Scraetars 
r4l   Oenaf  by  II   Wag*;  -Tho  DinnMl 
to  tsw  Aawwat  of  DioatsM  to  Foliace 


s  FOB  THK   AI»VAN«  KM  KMT  OF  SCIENCE. 


47 


ing  and  Architecture.  James  Pin 

J.  ilrntal  Srieii.1.  and   Ritual.,,, 

Otneral  Treasur 

rri»n.-,.  J.,hnxh,r:,.»  .fid  0,  \S     I  >•    \  iv 

Oprlllnir    Srtiloll.       H        hOMl    BfJeSSSM    -f 

the  Brisbane  matting  began  on  Jan.  19  * 
arrangement*  for  work  during  the  station 

..„-•    : :,-,li«'..:»    afl.-r   I  hi    pSJSJfla]  tOWfl  <    S> 

vtned,  and  owing  to  the  absence  of 


. 

:  .     • 


A.  c. 


Vioe-Pwrident  Romell  occupied  the  chair. 
businew  before  the  council  tnoluded  the  coo 
firming  of  the  arrangvmenU  of  the  1< 
mid  mtifying  the  selection  of 

/\Aft.  K_l...l..l     *L^ 


local 


officer*.    Other 

•atting  t.,  I-,-  hald  it.  Sydney.  Minof  oOotn 
•oal  §ecretaric§  were  also  choaan.  The 
opinion  that,  owing  to  the  small  number  of  mam- 
ben  and  the  larg«  extent  of  territory,  vearlr 
meatingi  ware  too  frequent  was  preei»ntedt  and 
it  was  proposed  that  they  be  held  onoe  in  two 

ence  ami  K*iumtion.  was  referrrtl  to  a  commit i.-,- 
of  that  MM>tt.>ti  f.>r  report,  as  was  also  the  pro- 
,H^I  ahririoa  ofSioSoa  (J,  Boooomk  BessWi 

an.i    \cn.-u  •  .-. 

I's    AdditMt.— Owing    to    the  ab- 
Mnoe  of   Ralph   Tat,-,   the    rvtiriiiR    prwudent, 
1  tassel  I.  Qorernroent  Astronomer  « 
Wales,  prwide.1    at    tl.,-  m.-, 
g  of  Jan.  13.  held  in  Centennial   Hall, 
deploring  the  absence  of  Mr.  T 
said  :  "  No  one  bat  dona  more  for  the  advance- 
of  science  in  AuMralia  than  Mr.  Gregory. 
•*ork  is  intimately  known  by  evaty  oolo- 

M»  liTing  i- 

of  tl.  ntsphere,-    He  then  mtn>- 

Gregory,  who  proceeded  at  onoe  to 
deliT,  igural  address  Geo- 

graphical History  of  the  Australian  Continent 
during  its  Succeerire  Phases  of  Geological  Dt- 


He  said:  **  The  earliest  indiotliont 
of  land  within  the  limits  of  the 

oCIJ 

"7of  graniteTwhich   it  asrtatoU  t£ 


These  wart  found  in  Tasmania  and 
Western  Australia.  From  the  granite  he 
passed  to  the  stdimenUry  deposits,  in  which 
wart  the  Laurent ian.  Cambrian,  and  Silurian 
rocks.  These  were  principally  drrtlof^i  in 
Queensland  to  the  north  ami  it 
south.  Than  came  the  Devonian  and  the  fir* 
'  -.-.  '  V  •  '  •:,  .  . 

came  up  from  the  sea.  The  principal  elevation 
was  on  the  taattrn  coast,  where  the  rise  matt 
hare  been  several  tbouav 
watt  it  was  lest  pronounced,  though  the  arm 
1  included  nearly  the  whole  of 
what  i*  now  Western  Australia.  The  aunfer- 
ous  deposits  in  lodes  are  found  in  the  disrupted 
strata  of  this  period.  As  to  the  sources  from 
which  the  gold  was 

speculations,  but  t  ha-  *t  accordr 

thr  actual  conditions  -is  that  the  metal  ej 
in  vary  minute  quantities  to  the  mats  of 

has  been  If 

ferred  through  the  agency  of  electric  can 
ami    thr    * 
which  ditto! it  i 
i.. ii.  mrlaU,  and  w..uM 
aUion  at  the  places 
•••.., 


I 


•  •    •• 


of  the  Qoaanaknd  fold  minea  wa»  illiniiii. 

t ! .-..'.,-.-:  •  •  •   .  - 

of  Harare  lodea.    Pawing  upward,  ha  amid  thai 


upward,  he  amid 
from  the  middle  to  the  cloaa  of  the  ^ 


Which    the 

oontpicuous  type.    The 

«h..w  a  cxmtTnetit  somewhat  similar 
M  to  that  of  the  present  Australia.    At 

aU.ut  the  en.  1    '  ••  •   t'alsj     .      -  ••• 


of  the  Mesosoic  period  there  was  a  further  elera- 
tion.  especiallv  in  the  eastern  part.  The  regt- 
tation  t>iat  followed  this  perio/was  veil  atssfl*. 


CM!  for  the  formation  of 
Cretaceont  began,  a 
place  and  the  coal 

I 


of 

wa^graduaTantf  of  long  duration.    On  UM 
coast  the  At*tftn  rote  from  100  to  MO  feat 
its  present  Itral  in  Qntiniaaii.     Tat  central 
an.l  wrutern  parts  of  the  continent  were  almost 
rntirelysubmeriTd.    At  the  close  of  the! 


Australia  wa»  reduced  to  the  area  of  a 
land  on  the  east  coast  and  some  tma 

continent.    Early  in  the  Trmai?  a  new  ek 

land  began,  but  the  rite  was  not 

tended  by  any  great  disturbance  of  the  rtraU. 

and  the  present  outline  of  the  continent  was  as- 

dtiy  Australia.    Tbr 

as  they  now  are  came  into  existence  chiefly 


which  the  climate  gradually 


the  drift,  afler 
drier  and 


ASSOCIATIONS  FOR  THE  ADVANCEMENT  OP  SCIENCE. 


In  a  word, 

the  last  elevation 


rattsgttss&z 
raranErtsft: 

r        Hi  at  lit   and    the   country  changed 
on.  of  great  fertility  U»  a  ««paraUvely 


Alexander 

p.  who  fill*  the  place  of  lecturer  on 
LtioTa-d  any*-  aTthe  £ni^ersity  of 
•v  His  address  was  "On  Some  Popular 

ipdoe*  of  the  Nature  of  Matbematical 

Tfcmcfet,  and  was  essenUally  a  proposition  to 
4feeo*tiaue  tae  adverse  criticisms  of  metaphysi- 
lana  ami  of  mathematicians 
by  laiJaakftiniini  He  reviewed  the  relative 


to  mankind  and  the 
p  mental  and  moral  faculties 
eaQsd  into  play  by  the  study  of  the  more  eiact 
and  leaf  eiact  sciences,  assigning  a  high  place  to 
logic,  methemelioi.  and  phvaics.  In  conclusion 
he  eaaimed  up  the  peculiar  characteristics  of 
Ike  science  of  mathematics  as  follows:  -  It  is 
•mfane  in  the  cosmic  nature  and  t  h.  universality 
of  tie  qnesUons  it  deals  with,  in  the  stability  of 
th«  data  on  which  it  rests,  on  the  reliableness  of 
tae  assistsnni  it  renders  to  every  other  science 
which  bat  become  sufficiently  highly  generalized 
vote.  It  lias  been  disputed 
ttics  is  a  branch  of  logics  or 
of  mathematics.  If  we  group 
or  the  moment  we  may  say  that 
they  are~furt  her  unique  in  the  almost  inconceiv- 
able etactness  of  tUr  methods  and  in  their 
being  eielusively  an  intellectual  product  as 
omnsed  to  a  combined  intellectual  and  observa- 
tional one.  It  may  be  added  that,  notwithstand- 
ing the  purely  intellectual  nature  of  the  subject, 
ithetandtng  the  highly  general  nature  of 
of  its  results,  the  mere  volume  of  these  re- 
.  as  hi  so  many  other  sciences,  is  so  great 
that  it  is  impossible  now  for  a  single  man  to  be 
really  conversant  with  any  but  a  small  j 
of  the  whole.  The  prospects  opened  up  to  the 
riaftfo  met liomsricisn.  however  great 
in  that  direction  are  far  more  than 

'•••:.,      <:,  ••  •.     •}.,•   :-,:  .  . 
to  him  who  would  walk  where  no 
Mfbre  are  only  rendered  the  more 
in  that  mathematics  from  its  very 
linn    i      provides  more  points  of  contact  of  the 
•own  and  unknown  than  in  any  former  age." 
The  foUmrm*  patm  were  read  and  discussed 


eulu.a 
thai  it 


Why  do  w«  not  take  a  Deeper 
B*v.  Thorns*  Bosebv ; 
theUaVHaV 
Kaith,  Mara, 

»ea  Davidson :  -  on  the  Lon- 
twvao  South  Austra- 
'tyr^Baraeobi; 

lnKi^^f?^9 

B^f^S^^Js^? 

*  by  Ralph 


Copaland  :  mid  -  Tho  Energy  of  the  Electro-magnetic 

:  .  :• 

&  Ctomtt/ry.— The  presiding  officer  of  this 
•action  Wa?   .1.    H.    V  .;>.  nut.-ndent   of 

Technical    i  ^    South  Wales.    He 

•poke  -  '  h.-mistry  ••f  tin-  Ausirnl:. 

.     \  .  ..-.  •;,:  :,.::."      1 1 1 -  :.. 1. 1 tv-  was  ,  1 1 v ided 

into  two  portions.  The  first  included  a  dis- 
cussion questions  •'<!)  What  had  been 
done  in  the  direction  of  chemically  Investigating 
our  indigenous  plant  products  f  <;>)  What  re- 
mains to  be  donef  (8)  How  can  it  best  be 

V    the    oiltsr!     h<>    t.n.k   Up  the  \\ 

and  d«-|.l..ivd  the  lack  of  requirement  of  proper 
Qualifications  for  analytical  «-h«-mi-i-.  and  urged 
the  formation  of  a  pharmaceutical  subsection  in 
the  association  whose  influence  should  corre- 
spond t«>  that  of  the  British  I'harnmrcuiical  Con- 
lie  then  proceeded  to  deal  in  detail 
with  the  following  items:  Unman  f«...d  and  food 
adjuncts;  fuiitfi;  algaj;  forage  nlante— <a) 
grasses,  and  (b)  salt  bushes  and  other  fodder 
plants;  plants  poisonous  to  stock;  substances 
reputed  medicinal—drugs;  narcotics;  fbh  poi- 
sons of  the  aborigines;  gums;  resins;  knx.s; 

ptusofls;  oilier  essential  nils;  fixed  oils; 
perfumes;  dyes  of  tinctorial  substances;  tans; 
timbers;  and  fibers.  Ee  said  in  dosing :  "Here 
is  a  mighty  list.  Surely  no  chemi>t  desirous  of 
taking  up  original  research  can  complain  of  the 
variety  of  work  presented  to  his  choice.  If  any 
of  the  suggestions  I  have  made  or  the  pleas  for 
research  1  have  put  forward  should  lead  chem- 
ists to  take  up  any  subject  connected  with  our 

nous  vegetation,  I  shall  feel  rewarded  by 
th.-  thonirhi  that  the  presidential  address  to  the 
c-hc-mistry  section  has  done  .something  t«>  make 
our  organization  true  to  its  name — an  Associa- 
tion for  the  Advancement  of  Science. 

•  jn« nt  ly  the  following-named  papers  were 
read  and  discussed  before  the  section  : 

"  Variation-,  in  the-  Amount  of  Ammonia  in  Waters 

on  Keeping,"  MOn  the    Internal  Structure  of  Gold 

Nnggeta,"  uOn  the  Corrosion  of  Aluminum.11  and 

tu   to   th.-    Bihliotrrai  '•"    h.v 

Prof.  Archibald  I 

Ores  of  Queensland  :  The  ir  Sources  and  Treatment," 
by  E.  A.  WcinU-rir;  "  Pharmacy  a-  :md  ita 

ruttnv."  hy  W.  Fin-  ll-a. -li :  "  Notes  and  Analyses  of 
Some  of  the  Artesian  Water-  uth  \Valea," 

by  John  C.  FI.  Miner  aye  :  "  (>M  tin-  K«-on«.iiiie  Treat- 
ment of  Gold  Ores,"  by  George  H.  Irvine  ;  "  Queens- 
land Nativ«  ~."  bv  Joseph  Lau- 
t«rer;  "Portland  Cement  after  Fifty  Yean,"  bv  W. 
M.  Doherty;  M8ome  Remark*  on  the  Tear!. 
!  •••.'.  -•••..-  |,x  A.  -I.  S:,,-h  ;  -  Ai.alv-is 

of  Eooalyptua  Guma.^  by  Dr.  \v 

Ointmenta  of  the  BritWi*  rharma<-opa!5a,"  bv  1  \V. 
Simmonda :  u  Notes  on  the  Poison< 

r.ia  Hernsndiialblla,"  by  £<lu:>r  i  n  Ronnie; 
"Preliminary  Notea  on  the  Bark  of  Cnri^; 

-        '    f.  •  .    Bail?    :  N     H.    <;.    Smith:  and 

•  -     ••-  •  og  «•:  rtain  Cnemieal  <'al- 
culationa,"  by  W.  A.  HargiSives. 

'otogy  and  Mineralogy—  I  'ro f .  T.  W.  Edge- 
worth   David,  of  Sydney   univerrftf,  presidfed 
this  Motion  fincl  chose  as  the  subject  of  his 
address  -  Ice  Action  in  Australasia."  That  por- 
f  his  remarks  that  had  to  do  with  the  chosen 
title  was  preceded  by  a  bri-  of  some  re- 

geological  discoveries.    He  referred  to  the 
that  in   America  the  Archa-an  had   l.e«-n 


shown  to  consist  of  four  great  systems  widely 


I  IONS  FOB  Tin      \1  KXT  OF  HC1BW& 


•M-parat'-l  fr-'tn   QSJ|   t»r.    rr.t-r  .:. 

Th.-  iwtewaoi  --f  MM  poppond 


iiwtrad    of    a    ,-hriiii.-al    ..nhMii    « 

gtofcftodaoti^tyflC  MM 

and  hr,M.h,i,.:..r,.r!.., .'..-.-I  '      -.    «   '.'.V 


time,  of  which  the  adults  live  in  the  open.  4.  leolated 
itprassmatiyes  of  typically  aquatic  rrouf«  of 
animala  which  have  a*  yn  become  but  lii 


.         ..         •        •       :....'' 

i^^wlT^^^d^T 


thousand  years  ago,     T 

there  was  evidence  of  at  least  two  gl 

The  first  and  roost  intense  was 
in  late  l*alax»*  hen  the  Bowen  river 


beJiMi  fetmad  ;u.-i  ttn   pro 


of  the  Mersey  coal  basin  n. 
recently  attention  had  been  called  to  the  pres- 
ence of  what  were  probably  ice-bome  erratics  in 

to  a 


later  epoch,  and  there  were  erk 

glariali..n  »t  K.~.,u,ko  and  in  ^,-ral  l,,K'h 
ranges  in  Victoria.  All  the  evidence  so  farcS- 
lected  showed  that  the  ice  which  produced  the 

soio  time  came  from  the  south  and  moved  toward 

•.:.     •     r«! 

The  following-named  papers  f 

:     -  '    •  ,-.,'-... 


t:...r  MM 


•-•    :          fl  •'   I      .'..    ,  \it'i       ..........        :      . 

-  ,.•         .  i  :••  .     .  •    -    • 

•n.l   iicol.vv  in  Qusensrand."  by  William 

• 


.no*  of  Southern 

I-.    M.'.  ..-, 


Ti 


. 

.1    llerbertoa.*'  by 


•   • 


of  Victoria. 

i  .....    m  . 


Jo^l*^««w;-AHy2l«tk^U*of^^la>  r^- 

!•    .'•      •         .  v.    v    v     ;         !V      v  .•: 

tk«  of  AvsJaUen  fcinK"  bv  J    W    K..OKI.  -o» 
•       I          ...  -.•..-•:.. 

,-bydgu. 

"ffjjjjrjeia 

AJMla  iVMricta,  aad  of  iW 


.  .  >. 


ot  of  AvtraUaa    FusMi.> 

i-.-.        .-..-•] 

i't^Utroea  Fongi.-  I 


»  Fungi.*  J*  I>r.  M.  C. 

Wpo»iu  vllSsrjl  GrWv*:  •8eaae  Pleats 

Northeast  Coast  of  Ts«m«  hemkal  K^^bS^i*^  iSTrwi^ 


I  '   fiiotoffy.—  The  preaiding  officer  of  this  eec- 
tion  wae  Pmf.  Arthur  I  »n. 

who  choee  aa  the  tub. 
jeot  <>f 

aifttmlMii  "    M-  -a:  i    ••  TI..   •.  ra  orjpl  i  I 
hae  been  applie«i  t..  that  remarkable  c-i>t. 
of  email  animal*  that  are  foun.l  hidden  away  in 

beneath  ftone«an<l 

to  other  similar  situ:-.  The  members  of 

rrptozoio  fauna  have  been  derived  from 

nearly  all  tho  principal  groups  of  the  animal 

•in.  and  tho  only  rhara<-t.T  that    t! 
ppeeees  in  common  is  their  hatred  of  exposure. 
He  clawed    thi-   fauim  in* 

Krpnwentatives  of  typical  :. 

>N  which  are  dominant  at  the  pmrnt  day. 
ides  many  insecte*  especiall  j  anta,  beetW, 
x'kroachea,  many  spidem.  many  centipedes 
:ii|Mxiesand  many  slugsand  snails.  2,Sur- 

are  now  almost  extinct.    In  this  section 

jne  anti.juity.    Th»- 
appear  to  have  successfully  evn 
for  existence  by  taking  refuge  in  obscure  re- 
treats.   a.  Immature  formsof  terrertrial  animal-. 

are  not  cryptosoic  in  the  adul: 
This  section  includes  the  lamp  of  various  insects 

VOL.  xxxy.—  4  A 


•    \       ..       • 

•mnu.  of  UM  Awcralha  A 
Kawcrtt  ;  -  Who  dbcoyml  the 

lim-  by  MrV.  Martin. 


ered  an  address  on  "  The 


'W»m  •••»   «u««w«M«m 

rially.abovt  CM  third  of  the 
;.ire.  and  t  weU  adapted  for  sHtle- 
hrxwghout  the  greater  portion  of  its  area. 
Artesian  water  will  fertilise  areas  now  more  or 
less  a  desert,  and  storage  of  enrfaoe  wai- 
plav  i:«  |*n.  The  remaining  blanks  on  the 
!\u»t raliaii  map  will  most  nrabably  be  tiled  be- 
fore the  cent  u  ry  oiueea.  M  in  ing  explorer*  are 

ITSTtoStofo 
of  these  are  equipped  with 
ordinary  came?  team  traveled  800  mike  from 
South  Awtralia  toObolfardie  without  rsisasri 
Brave  men  are  poshing  fonranl  to  Central  Aus- 
tralia from  UM  MIL  All  this  portends  vastly 
new  gold  fields  being  ws> 


ASSOCIATIONS  FOR  THE  ADVANCEMENT  OP  SCIENCE. 


Cities  of  the  Ant  rank  wi 
«.   tepidity.    Nothing  wil 

.    •--,     .       VM     : 
the  product  U  imnwliatoly 

to  itwtrh  thmugh  con- 
s  from  xmth  to  north, 
yet  M*  rren  approximately 

'-It  « 

,  up. 

,  In  China,  Japan,  and 
not  be  loet  sight  of.    This 

•  construction  of  the  great 

a&Mfttal  line  from  the  Ural  to 


jjoanlifj  of  Corea,  a  distance  of 

_  paper*  were  then  read 
the  section: 


Gold 

Himalayan  State 

A.  W.  Paul ;  *  Rotuma  and  the  Ro- 
WilUam  Allen:  and 

in  the  Congo  Free  State,"  by 

P.  JBfAnefejy  amd  Anthropology.— Th\*  sec- 
tion was  presided  over  by  Thomas  Wonmop, 
town  clerk  of  Adelaide,  whose  address  dealt 
Tb*  Prehistoric  Art*  of  the  Aborigines," 
and  was  tllost  rated  with  25  lantern  views  of  ab- 
Offciaal  drawing*.  Prom  these  the  author  ar- 
med that  all  drawing*  by  the  aboriginals  were 
the  remit  of  a  self -tutorship  ami  original;  that 
arrived  in  Australia  in  some  ro- 
of any  knowledge  of  art, 
and,  being  And  to  that  oofxDtkm,  remained  un- 
toseire  to  th* present  .lay.  In  all  the  handi- 
of  the  Australian  aboriginal  there  was  an 
originality  which  distinguished  him 
from  all  other  aarage  races.  He  had  made  the 
•wet  of  hit  rveoarcee.  utilizing  them  all  no  com- 
pletely that  drilittd  man  was  unable  to  suggest 
any  improvement.  They  poeseseed  an  intimate 
kBowledge  of  their  flora  and  fauna,  and  they 
laid  also  BMsssierablii  knowledge  in  anatomy. 
It  should  be  remembered  that  art  among  civil 
ttt*d  reees  wee  the  remit  of  cumulative  in- 
fltroction.  and  that  U  was  the  duty  of  civilized 
Met  to  jttdfe  leoieotly  of  eflbrte  which  were 
qejfee  eqval  to  those  of  oar  forefathers  at  no  rery 
fWMUiMriod.  -The  an  and  skill  with  which 
eoeM  of  the  ficvrea  are  drawn,  and  the  great 

by  such  simple 


it  moet  probable  thai  many 'of 
re  been  extent*!  with  the  inten- 
ttoo  of  eserHfint!  an  infiu«*nc«  upon  the  fears 
and  the  MpentiBoui  f««liniri  of  the  ignorant 
and  barbanms  native*.  Por  such  a  parpose  thej 
d  well  calculated.  I  hare  no  doubt 
this  feb^eet  foUowed  up  by  intellinal 
and  other*  who  may  be  brought  into 


contact  with  examples  of  natire  art  much  profit 
and  greet  pleasure  would  bo  derived  fr.-m  their 
reproduction  nnil  publication.  A  f.-nnily  lik.- 
n<i«  marks  all  ,,f  them:  the  details  are  every- 
where the  name.  All  an-  imitati'.e.  and  arc  the 
reeultant  product  of  untutored  taste." 

II..  fallowing  papers  were  the*  read  and  dis- 
eased in  the  section  . 

"The   Ancient  Government   ..f  Snmos,"  by  Rer. 
Samuel  Klia  .!,."  t-v  Kev.  TI...II.U*  Moore; 

i  n      ..',.,-     .    Rei    n.  \   Bobertaon?  "Notei  ..n 

.1   i. 


View  of  ft" 
Customs'*  an-l  -  Kiirlv  Samoan  Voyage*  and  Si-ttle- 

•  by  Rev.  J.  II.  >  •    >ntributions 
-lore."  by  Rev.  A.  <'.  Sutherland  ;  »  Foods  of 

ormng  and  Woonirm  :  K\..lnti..u.  \ 
tribution,"  bv   Archibald   Mwton  :   M  Foodn  of   th«- 
N    •    '•  ••    \     r.  trini  •/•  bi  .1    •  oghlan:  -  M.-  .....  rial 
.-  l.y  .l..l,i.  K-IKT;  "Outlinca  of  a 
;.r  of  tin-  Turruhul   I-  Ipawich 

.•  on  the  Sandy 

-  of  the  W, 

riean  Tribes,"  bv  of  th. 

I*,  ,  ,  lanao)  Btrei  kboriginmts,'1  b)  John  K. 
Small;  »Abori»rinal  Drawings  in  the  Wollornbi 
Caves,"  »•>  W.  .1.  Knri."  -thews;  and 

.  :d  Marriage  CUM..,,,.  " 

/.'ronomu;  Science  end  Agriculture  —  F'n.f. 

Wultrr   Scott,  of  Sydney  Universitv,  presided 

his  section,  and  the  tonic  of  his  address 

•  l-'ixinu'   a    Miniinuin    Wage."     He  said  : 


Whether  int.  rf.  nine  with  free  contract  and  fiv<- 
0)  .mprt  it  i.  in  will  yiehl  a  balance  of  good  or  harm, 
varies  according  to  circumstances,  and  eax*h  .-a^ 
must  be  considered  on  its  merits.  We  are  pr..!.- 
ahly  all  agreed  that  the  wages  of  some  worki-rs 
as  settled  by  free  bargaining  are  lower  than  is 
desirable.  Can  governments  do  anything  to  raise 
sueh  wages  as  we  may  consider  t"<'.  low  f  In  the 
first  place,  governments  can  (and  Aust  ralian  gov- 
ernments do)  pay  to  their  own  employees  in  some 
cases  wages  above  the  lowest  rate  at  which  they 
could  get  the  work  done.  A  government  that  de- 
cides to  take  this  course  may  meet  the  «>M  •  1  .  l.y 

hintf  other  public  services,  or  (2)  by  addi- 
tional taxation.  In  the  first  case  it  is  the  p 
public  that  is  the  loser,  being  deprived  of  certain 
luxuries  or  conveniences  that  its  government 
could  otherwise  have  supplied;  and  the  n-ult 
may  be  that  we  shall  have  on  the  one  hand,  say, 
fewer  ornaments  on  our  public  buildings,  and  on 
the  other  hand  certain  government  laborers  bet- 
ter provided  with  the  means  of  a  satisfactory  life. 
If  we  prefer  this  way  of  spending  our  public  rev- 
enue there  is  no  law  of  |M»litical  economy  to  for- 
If.  on  the  other  hand,  tin-  Lr"\«-rnment  dc- 

.  meet  thecost  by  fresh  taxation  there-ult 
will  be  that  certain  taxpayers  are  (lepri 
some  comforts  and  indulgences,  while  certain 
government  laborers  get  more  :  a  change  of  di- 
tribiition  which  may  be  an  improvement.  The 
practice  of  the  government  twinp  to  accept  the 
lowest  tender,  the  competition  of  the  tenderers 
forces  wages  down,  and  ifsweatingexi-t.it  i<  the 
government  that  is  the  sweater.  To  forbid  sub- 

ting  would  raise  the  cost  to  the  public 

.t  benefiting  the  wajre  earner.  Wkr  should 
not  government  fix  a  minimum  wage  in  these 
contracts  also  f  It  is  possible  and  expedient  in 
the  general  interest  to  fix  a  minimum  wage  in 
private  employment  also  t  That  must  be  doner 


TIONS  FOR  THK  ADVANCEMENT  OF 


51 


ifdoneatall..  wlea  union*  or  by  gw-    gioeert  in  America,    The  macaitiMU  of  our eo- 

-  u  to  Undone  for  the    gineering  Mid   architectural    public  w.-r 
claat  that  need*  help  mo»-  tie  done  by    Au*traU»ia  can  br  < . 


The  f«.  Mo  wing-named  paper* 
-Factory 


f*m  them  of  aoine  00000*000,  out 


*v.  J.  M 

QpafJM    •'-  :    V.-'    :     '     •          .!'-•• 

•^"tli^:';",!;^:!  M"I!S>'- 


n  rail- 
way*, and  I  make  bold  to  *ay  that  a  large  por- 
tion of  thu  latter  turn  ha*  beet* 

!irf..u«  lioej  through 

':.-••.    •    \         •  :..:•'.•       ...    ..          .      .'   , 

•enred  by  one  or  at  no*  two  train*  a  dajr.    The 

•  \f.  I.  !••::.'  r-..  ' .    !.  •  ?    •  •  *    .   •  •       '  '     • 

•tail  •  f  growing  j.  ,  ..a-.  •  •  >•    •    •  '. 

delayed,  at 

and  feeder  line*  at  a  much  lower  normal  cost 


in*  a*  •  light  line* '  rail- 

" 

B»  or  became*  froeo  eoene 


portanea. 

thr    ,.n-t    t») 

way*  that  aooo 

to  the  *train  of  tranV." 

put.hr  ,  r  |«.litical  influence,  a  line  that 

hare  arrvnl  ail  n-allv  nr^lful  i 

(  'waTmrT 

•mall  unproductive 


rail" 


wonld 
u 
for 
a 


Tbe  foregoing  paper*  were  on  political 
and  the  following  war*  on  agriculture : 

-  Roil  Anal  v.U  "  and  -  Examination*  of  Di  Aram 
Varieties  of  Wheat  ^r 

la*  on  . \u4raUa!  rv,"  by  Angu*  Maekay ; 

s...  ,.-       ,    i-    i:    OoH    I      •    i''.:..-.'      R      •    M...-    I   r 
rullur  Mu^on;  -  RaUin 

r«oa**afam*l 

rt  II  Benaon*  **  Flood* 

•fed    K  '---   '     '•     i'  M.    M/     v     -8«    "    p|   |] 

K.-rat'i-  Plant*  and 
TTraiMi    of  Au-trmlia,"  \>\  Kr 
culturn 

•••    v  UaaaS  Bi :  . 


..  : 

Af^ltecOve  ai 
Eanlivak**  la  feiatiea  to 


0H  i:  .- 
I'.riur  ; 

wie;and  "  Eanliqvak** 
•t  CoMtraeCkm,"  by 

mi/or    &***  and  JftgMM.-Tl»fc 

d*  rwbj  Pi  J  u   9  •    .- 
who  dchveml  an  addraat  on 


wwirabad*  rw 

dchveml  an  ad 

.nee  and  Heal 

mattrnt  of  health,  at  upon  all  matter*  of  biunaa 
voice*    bad    during   the   agea 
claimc«l  t<»  «eak  to  man  with  more  or  lea*  an- 


th 

«id  that  on 


iff inff ring  and  Arrhitfft\trf.—T\ii*  *ec- 
on  wa*  pmided  over  by  Jamea  Pincbam,  En- 

ihlait  work-*  of  the 
builder* '  are  always 

i  engineer  with  a  prop- 

late 


philoaophrr.  and    the    roice    of    the    iriiatfat. 
u  had  dominated  the  r«C,  none  bad 
all  bad 


a  distinct  valna,    A 
istic  of  modern  time*  bad 


• 

[fullv  )*urn>wiMl  ituint'l.  an<l  ftcht* 
ditaMc  nn<l  -urT-  rin^'  with  wat^r  and  «anilary 
•M'hriii.-..  A-  prominent  mn  >ng  U  I  • 

proffreai  we  mar  note  the 

•    in  lure.-  riti,-..  nn.l   th-  .«v,.r.it»  rriu»mg 
'.&  deain> 


through  acct 

exact  experiment,  and  kfieal  deduction 
from.     Health  mu«t.  in  the  flr*t  ria 
Urifrlva  mattrr  .  f  inh«  ntance.     Man.  like  of  her 
o«anUn*.w».*tartedopoutbewayofWewH* 
,  ...      ..,.       •    .:•     aai  bj   h  '-•:••  :   I       • 

ular  potentialitiea.aiid  arience  woukl  ») 
ere*  to  ocnnip.4ent  law  if  it  did  not 
tbe  fundamental  influence  of  apptoprlat* 
riage  upon  the  health  of  the  oAprtof.    An  in- 
calculable amount  of  Jinan  would  be  armed 

of  bealth 


.  . 

«.f  railwav  in  a 

j::.i'»'  f 


.i'»'  feet,  i.rx^  been  '  rn  .  Ij   H 
proTed  and  oertifled  by  a  board  of  the  able*  en- 


.  inheritance  could  be  arieatiflrally  ra*u- 
Inhrntance.  however,  did  not  explain  all 
1  health.     Both  were  al*o  ques- 
tions of  development  and  environment.     It  wa* 
a  commonplace  to  remind  any  one  bow  largely 
b«*JU.  upon,  for  example,  n»ch  every- 

day  matter*  a*  food  and  drink,  exercise,  nirea 


H 


ASSOCIATIONS. 


K. 


\ff\  RONOMU'AL 


\  . 


to  the  different 
a  did  tbsy  find 
m  very  point*. 
tht  reSttlU  that 


In  turn.    And  in  oondo»i 

•lid  thai  the  «uutary  millennium  lay  before  and 
not  behind  them,  and  thai  .;:  woceedin*  years 
woold  vttesss  a  continuous,  if  gradual,  decrease 
UtWas»o«ntairfdsfreeofdi«ase, 

were  then  rratl  and  dis- 


Thc  Sanitation  of 

•.•;••.     .  •    i    . 


!    .  .    ..-     •... 
•  i  ./.,. 

.  \    ...--.   . 

.   •       -         .     !:•:.',:    ,    - 
;     .     I.  -r 

Wilson;  •  lather  MofiJ?""1 


Views  ef  the 


irther  Notes  on  Spiroptera 

......      .    .      :r.  ••..-.  ..... 

.        ,          •     M         ••     !  •         ........ 

•   :    •  •   -.      ...        A  K, 

v  Booth    Wales  in 
mpwo  :  "  An  In.jiiirv  into 
ebricty  and  Kin 

.•an I  t.«  Tuberculosis," 
>&niurium  for  Consumptive 

?       -:       I!   r-    <-,.:: 

•.!•.-.-  unies       ".   •  •:   11  . 

..        .    -.  >    «  v;,r  u  : 
•    :       •    . 

-  CompoUory  Notification  of  Infection 
•aw.* bir  WUsottLoire ;  *  Leprwv. 
tmi  ;•  federal  Qttsrsntina,**  \ 

.  on  PhthW"  by  George  L.  Mul 


r 
large 


J.  Jfrnlo/  Scima  and  Education.— The  pre- 
siding oOoer  of  this  section  was  Prof.  Francis 
im*Z—*  of  Sydney  Universit v,  whose  address 
was  on  -  PbliUos  and  Education."    After  dis- 
snbieot  generally  be  said   in  tin- 
ts than  had  been  founded  in  the 
and  in  connection  with  many 
larger  universities  schools  of  ; 
and  he  did  not  sse  why  they  oon  .-stab- 

Ushsd  in  Aurtralia,  not  only  in  towns  which  had 
irvacaitiss.  but  in  places  like  Brisbane, 
rere  not  the  proud  possessors  of  a  uni- 
In  the  American  schools  of  political 
it  wss  possible  to  obtain  information 
with  regard  to  many  of  the  politieal  pn.Mems 
in  Australia  with  greater  ease  than  it  could  be 
obtained  in  Australia  itsslt  The  jmbli™ 
which  were  issued  under  the  auspfoes  of  these 
schools  had  not  only  supplied  our  education 
in  the  American  Stales  Ujrtndeiita,  lawyers, 


about  the  only 

AnstfBlfcn  staderts,  lawyers,  and 

In  Aiutralia  it  WM  to  the  organizations  such  as 
ths  school*  that  thry  most  look-in  addition  to 
the  work  of  the  press  for  the  training  and  edu- 
csdon  of  the  body  of  opinion  which  Was  to  such 
a  larg  ax^wsj^W  We  had  no  train- 
talT tor  ioornafistolieyond  that  which  they 
ndyhtpfak  up  by  actual  experienos.  We  had 
tracing  for  lawyer^  tmt  U^might  be  better  if 
they  had  a  training  which  went  beyond  the 
special  training  they  now  received.  Further, 


•  .-, .:  -.  rraata,  N"w.  for  all  thoy 
could  ate,  the  civil  senrioe  •-:'  Au-tml in.  ^reat  as 
it  now  is,  nii^l.  come  a  much  larp-r 

body.    But  supposing  the  Oovrnmirnt  -h.-ulil 
1  its  operations  much  beyond  it-  j.r. -.-nt 
limits,  where  were  we  to  look  for  a  1». 

i  .i\il  servants f  If  we  Boooeedea  in 
«•  rkMi^'  a  land  act  we  knew  we  did  so  afi< -r  a 
succession  of  Itlnndcrs.  and,  if  m.-r.-ly  \»  »up|>ly 
a  training  and  education  which  might  benefit 
tin-  publir  M-rvnnts  and  tin-  rili/m-.  ihr  r-ial>- 
lishment  of  schools  of  political  science  would  In- 

.-•nt  well  worth  trying,  perhaps 
ter  exporiinei.t  than  50  or  100  others  that  we 
hare  already  tried. 

Subsequent  ly  t  he  following  named  papers  were 
read  by  their  author-  and  were  discussed  before 
the  sect  ion  : 
u Science  M  •  Subject  in  (JiiT*  Schools."  1 

i 

\v.  H.  Will  State/1 

by  Canon  K.  siuney  !'<«•],. ;  uTheTendi 

traliun     1/iteratun-.""    l>y    Krnot     I  '  >n    tin- 

•,_'    <>t    Kiiniruaffes."  by  Charles    II.   Barton; 
Whitman/'  \.\  Willi,.:  Methods 

of  Btodying    I.anguagea,n  by  < 

1  urriciiluin  of  Sccondarv  Kdu<-atiun."  1-v  I».  11 
Hollidtf.-;     -K-hL-ati..,,     of    G 

Wblsfeenholme ;  u  Arohiteoture  in  Kelat'n»n  t<>  ! 
ti..n."  by  Geoive  H.  M.   Addi>«.n  :  -  Th.-  Te.'lmi<-ttl 

at  in  a  Btsts System  ««f  K.lu<-ati.pu."  i,\   .\n 
thony  St.  Ledger  ;  M  Th.    I 
nnan,"  by   \^  .    Oraham:   ••  'I :      '•: 

Speech,"  by  .I<>hn   II.  Ni.-holM.n  ;  •  :ii<-tiorj 

in  Drawing'1  and  "Australian  Art  D«-ve]..|,tn«-nt."  l>y 
.l.-hn  I'luiii!:  Mtriliution  • 

•  •f  th»-  Kelation  i.f  Kthi.-s  HUM 
I'ollock  ;  u  Th.-  TcM-l.  i.  -•  ralian  l.it.  • 

Ky  .l.,hn   H.  n'Har.  f  Australian 

lii.-v  .lejiheiitt  ;  u  Use  and  Abuse 
of  Examinations/  l>y  Henry  P,.  1.  i  ImjH^r- 

tanceof  Mental  Science  as  a  (»ni<l«    in  Primary  Mu- 

1  by  Janien  Rule:   '•  Religion-   [ttstmodon   in 
Day  Schools,"  bv   A.   R.  Hivers:uArt  Edu 
by  K.   Godfrey   Rivers;  -The   Educational   ' 
and  how  to  1  l.y  H.  Cecil  Wri-ht  :  -Th.- 

SchoolmMter  -.f  t)u-  Future,"  l.v  Th"mas  liradlmrv; 

44  To  Science,"  by  Geor- 

;.tun-."  by  .F.  li.  Train  i 

Ne\t   Meeting.     At  u  meeting  of  the(i. 
Council  held  on  Jan.  18,  it  was  resolved  that  the 
next  meeting  of  the  Association  be  held  b 
ney  two  years  hence,  also  that  the  meeting  next 
after  the  Sydney  meeting  be  held  at   tl, 
bourne  I'niv. -rsity.    The  new  president  chosen 
is  Prof.  Archibald  Livereidge,  of  Sydney. 

\s||;n\nM\.  I'lHH.IM  ^>  <H.  IN  1^.,;,. 
Though,  like  the  year  Immediately  preceding  it. 
1805  was  not  remarkable  for  any  startling  os- 

nical  disclosures,  save  the  mt«  i 
covery  of  the  components  of  the  rings  of  Saturn. 
yet  our  knowledge  of  the  visible  celestial  uni- 
verse has  surely  though  slowly  advai 

I  he  x(,|.,r  x^tein.  since  the  c.-mplet j.,n  ..f 
last  year's  record  the  boundaries  of  the  solar 
system  have  not  been  enlarged,  nor  has  its  mem- 
bership been  increased,  except  by  the  addition 
of  a  few  asteroids  and  two  short-period  coraeta, 
and, as  no  change  has  been  made  in  the  assumed 
solar  parallax,  the  volumes  and  distances  of  its 
several  constituent  bodies,  both  primary  and 
secondary,  remain  mostly  unchanged. 


.\>nc'i.\M.MY. 


Q§    is 


HM  M»v— TM  efforts  of  several  astronoaMOL 

Bale,  of  UM  Kawwood  Obanmi  rj    '  -  sJ  * 
u>   photograph   the  solar  corona  without  mi 

ihu.  far  ...,.»    u.  fail.irr. 
AnVtbough  thte  ids*  has  not  bean  ent.M, 


abandoned,  yet  there  is  so  little  promiM  of  suo- 
MM  that  ail  attempt  to  perform  th»*  diftVult 
t*»k  by  other  mean*  is  bring  made,  »..-..  •  •*;:,,; 

.i.i..~.   •  ,.   . i.i-  problem    H> 


i".      ;       '       ;•.•':• 

I'    •     k!.  '   •  •      •        i 

ill    V,!..:..;    '       V.. 

II     .    I    .L     kT^Mll^^M 


Mb    ih  |  •:.. 


ue  corona  can  be  observed  only  wl 

to  but  a  few  minutes  in  a  cen- 
tering this  fact,  the  importance  of 

....       •  j  *»  .'.   .       •  .  f  -  ••  ,  :•  • .' 

Wonderful    Solar    I1- omlaenc**.- In    th, 

.-.•f  a  prominence  obMnred  » 
•.n  June  lMH<r,.  «h,*e  phenomena  wa«  on  a  ecaie 

of    magnitude    and    I 

with  the  -lit  of  the  spectroscope  tangential 
the  Son'*  liml>.  at  position  angle  $48*.  a  brilliant 
prominence  was  discovered  resting  upon  the 
Sun.  hating  a  broad  base  and  widened  out  at 

'/..    •  :     i  i-  -.  •-,.    «.  >-.  ni   rid    .1  sta 


to 


I    .        1 


kmoU 

A  H 


,,,   •.    :    :    ,: .  •     * 

upon  it  wme  W.    Thatop 

quite  regular,  than  bring  no  •pike*  nor  aharp 

longuea  of  flamr.     The  height  wa.  74'  =  88JWO 

milea,     At  ^  49»  a  omali  I  W»A 

aren  floating  abora  the  main  |»>rtt<>n.     The  a*- 

/      .    . 

99*  it  had  raachad  to  the 
of  380*=180.050  mile*,  a  1- 

,1  one  half  Umea  enwrap  the  hUrt 
•I*  7*  the  atceiulmi;  «*>lutnit  waa  reaolTnl  int.. 
ds,  i  In-  ui>tK-r  one  at  the  enormous 
eat!  Bid*1 

•mioenoa  of  far  greater  magnitude  than 
that  juit  described,  attaining  to  a  greater  height 
than  any  ever  observed,  waa  Man  and  manured 
bv  Father  Fenye,  of 

Hungary,  on  Dec.  84,  1894.    The  maximum  vo- 
f  the  upruah  waa  nearly  960  mllea  per 
Moond.  and.  though  the  prominence  reached!  to 
us  height  of  11  i  .•:••:•.' 7.  i 
iret  wan  at  an  eml  in  three  hour*. 
Th.-  ..nw'in  «.f  :i  f.-r.-.-  B  MMfll    •   BMl    ft     b 
neat h  the  chromoaph. 

•h,     s,,,,.      M      M     \\ 

and  Qrnv.  of  the  Daromona  Obwrvatory.au  a 
result  of  'experiment*  on  the  tempera!  un 
carbons  of  the  electric  arc.  find  it  necessary  to 
m:tk.-  oomotton  to  th.   bftfavto  M  m*\  •• 

Transit  ir.-Tne  transit  of  Her- 


curt  across  the  disk  of  Oie  Sun,  on  Nor.  10. 1894. 

throuu'h'-ut   the  We 


and  tin    western  portion  of  the  Ea*- 

aid  where  the  sky  ptanitted  wasgener- 

tin.  California,  the  phenomenon  was  ob- 

in  its  ontmMy.  as  also  at  the  Uck  Ob- 

Moratory.   Mount   H'amilton.  California.     The 

transit  began  about  one  minute  later  than  the 

computed  time,  which  delay  was  noted  in  Eng- 


atooaAdetotwbere. 
|ejj  :.    i.a.    m  •  ..:. 

••.    ..       ,  -.    .   . 

but   a  »l*r 

of  it*  disk  atveral  tn 

not  easfi  bv  th 

•      *     ^*  '  *  *     •     «       *  *  * 

This  central  sfark  of  light 

.     '        '      :.-;      -     -    •    .  -     -.     •• 

»g  they  had  seen  it,  while  its  eiiatanoi  aas 

Diametrr  of  Mrrrun.     "i.   V  v.  10.  1894. 

K-   the    tr*ii»it.   I»r  ll 

•••'-..-    r       •  .     •  .    -   : 
rv,        •  '    :  • 

of  the  planet's  disk  while  tn 

Ire  a  revision  of  UM 
adopted  by  Leverrier  in  ! 
Nautical  Almanac.** 

become  enualorial  diameter  t*41*. 
and  IMIUU-  diametrr  6*1 78*.    The  weighted  mean, 

.n  the  work  of  19  differ*, 
extending  over  a  nariod  of  flfty-*ig» 

Trvrrrier's  value  WM«^?  at  the  mean 
distance  of  1 1,  rUnh  from  the  Sun.  Rroai  Ust 
mean  of  liamard's  measures— i.  e^  from  w<10'— 
the  linear  diameter  of  Mercury  is  t,781f  mils* 

-The  theory  advo- 

,nt,^l  l.t  .Vhiai«rrlli.  that   the  rotation  of  Mrr- 
.    .-,      • 

timi  around  the  Son.  dor.  not  meet  with  sweat 
ance  by  astronomers,  particularly  by  UMM  vVo 
have  made  special  study  of  the  planet.    Tbe 
generally  received  opinion  to  UurtHitoretaUon 

i  jor  planets,  vtu.  the  Earth  and  Mar*. 
and  from  the  assumed  period  of  Venus. 

3Ha^..f  M.-n,,M.    1    i      - 
MtJI  !.-  I  OB  >!•  P    V]  -  I  M  Mdtbtl          •    '     • 

•   •         •        ,     •          •:,-•'!•. 

1  by  M.  Callaiulreau  in  -  ComptM  RawdM* 

l .  1894.    Encke's  comet  has  t*rtinalar 

interest  not  only  on  account  of  the  ««-«*«» -«i«ft 

aj  Mi  par!  ••.    •  •         -.,..-.     . 
half  I  ;  one  apparition  to  tb* 

but   aU.  from  the  fat t  that  its  motion  to  dis- 


turbed  by  Mercury.    A  dJscusssou  of  tbe  7 

ritions  of  tbe  comet  between  tbe  years  1871  and 

1891  has  led  M.  Backlund  to  the  oniioUsJm  UMI 

ry  has  a  much  smallrr  BUMS  than  baa 

to  (tbe  Son  equaling  1)  mass  of 


»ould  be  required  to 

fetation  of  T< 

period  of  rotation  of  V« 
brrn  made  by  a  number  of  astronoc 
them  M.  Cmmille  Flammarion.  tbe  Kn-nch  ^ 


Uooomer.  w  hose  study  ISM  extruded  through  a 

;.-:'..-..-.  ...     r;.  ./..         :.'.!, 

ref utation  oTtbe hypothesis  that  tbto  planet,  like 
our  Moon.  complHeVa  rotation  on  beTasto  si- 
slTwitblssi 


tn  2-H  l«*.     Ute 
rotanrpniod  not  giratly  different  from  twenty- 

x^,'^.        -I    M.,i. 

Mars  which  fully  wnflrm  UMM  made  by  htm 

•  .,-:.  ••..-•-  ..  i:    ,.-       :     ..    •       .-       '      • 


M 


AflTKoNoMV.   PIUMiKKSS  OK.   IN    189ft. 


«d  that,  undoubi. 
of  Man  we*  bMtrUy  laden  • 
.for  certain  baud,  wrr*  MI  which  corre- 
wfch  UM  band*  of  water  vapor  loud  on 
lif h  in  thr  M~  :*ing  and  setting 

8w.  Btaooami^of  ilwspectnunof  Mar* 
S  *Sft  •*  ti  Moon,  tb.  latter  being  at  a 
lower  etottad*  Ihan  tbr  form.  igfint 

proved  the*  UMM  band*  w«r*  not  due  to  the  in- 


Seeingt! 

•i»d  thai  ihr  trllunc  Und*  •  f  t  h,  Karth's  atraos- 
plHf«eo«Ubas»»o  01  „•  >„„  at  a  very 

CwafetaH  •*•»  the  tflftilttl  indication  <>f  1 h- 
» of  water  vaporte  the  spectrum  of  Man 

in  hisatmos- 


Uarr  satrlllt*  •t  Mar*. -Observations  of 
thfe  sBtelUt*  (Phoboa),  made  by  Prof.  W.  W. 
najjl'Tin  -*  UM  Uck  Observatory. between  Oct. 
»  aad  Mov.  14.  1*N.  show  that  its  eastern 
etoayetion  oorors  at  a  considerably  greater  dis- 
laoc*  from  the  planet  than  does  the  western 
•NaMllun  lW.  HalKs  studies  at  the  time  of 
jJMJTuiJ  ii f  these  sateUitet  of  Mars  plainly 
•vfaMd  that  the  western  elongation  of  Phobos 
was  than  noticeably  greater  than  iU  eastern. 
This  variation  can  be  accounted  for  only  by  the 
involution  of  the  orbit  itoelf. 

Polar  Refloat  of  Mare.— Bet  ween  the  years 
1181  and  ITOS    Sir  William   Herchel   noticed 
be  polar  snow  caps  of  Mars  waxed  and 
with  the  Martial  seasons,  increasing  as  the 
advanced,  and  dim i ni-h i MJ;  with  the  prog- 
of  summer,  but.  until  October,  1894,  they 

been  known  to  entirely  disappear. 

JBr  William  found  that  while  the  north  rap  had 
to  center  exactly  at  the  north  pole  of  the  planet, 
that  of  the  southern  cap  was  6  or  8  degrees 
Ito  south  pole:  hence,  when  the  southern 


nd.7'  Plot 


:  ;      .•;••!! 
was  seen  very  irregular  in 

r.  all  melted  away  and  dis- 


appeared. totrampt*U.oftheLickObserv»- 
-  bo  has  been  a  student  of  Mars,  says  that 
oa  July  It,  INK*,  an  intensely  white  spot  was 
mm  partly  detached  from  UM  main  cap.  but  pro- 
>*%  brand  i  U  Whan,  two  yean  later,  on 
JaJyft  I  W«.  it  wa.  observed  the'aonthern  s\ira- 
•arof  Man  ww  more  advanced,  the  cap,  grown 
Ml  the  white  spot  behind,  detach- 


latartlianat  1 .... -r  aJUtode*. 

nr  of  l.rn.-Prof,  Campbell  dotibU 
of  an  atmosphere  on  Man,  but  the 
«ftlie.p«etro.Mpeiii  the  hands  of 

to  him  regardmg  this  particular.          *  °PP°> 

J  pltw.— For  the  ascertainment  of  his  she, 
hb  rotational  period,  UM  nature  and  cause  of  h& 
belts  and  white  and  dark  spota,  the  ream  of  the 


dark  transits  of  some  of  his  satellites,  and  of 

their     sometimes    "  N|liarc-.xli.  -llldercd  "     I 

ance  and,  again,  their  duplex    M  ,  mm-,  like  a 
double  tftar,  much  -n,d\    has  been  evoked  ;   but 
while  some  of  the  mysteries  of  the  giant  planet 
have  been  solved,  yet  many  secret-  am 
locked  in  this  massive  world. 

1 1.  the  account  of  his  measures  of  the  diameter 
of  .lupit«r.  hi.  itarnard  calls  marked  attention  to 
the  discrepancy  bet  ween  those  made  b\  the  aid  of 
the  fllar  micrometer  and  those  of  the  help 
the  former  Divine  a  diameter  about  1'  greater 
than  the  lat  ll  he  attributes  to  the  defec- 

tive images  formed  by  the  divided   halves  «,f  the 
object  glass,  and  hence  he  concludes  that    for 
planetary   diametrical    measurements    the    hdi- 
ometer  is  a  defective  instrument    The  mean  of 
all   his  measures  gives   (at  distance  5-Jo.   the 
Karth's  distance  beinj;  taken  a-  unity)  !•«• 
56  miles  as  the  equatorial  diameter,  and 
±  75  miles  as  the  polar  diameter,  the  polar  com- 
pression being -r^ir. 

Mass  of  Jupiter.—  "Astronomic  h.  Na« -h- 
richten,"  No.  8249,  has  an  article  bv 
Simon  Newcomb  which  embodies  much  valu- 
able information  on  this  subj.  :.  !!••  says: 
"The  following  table  shows  the  values  and  the 
relative  weights  to  which  1  have  judp.. 
one  entitled.  I  do  not  deem  it  neressary  at  the 
present  time  to  give  in  all  detail  the  oonaidera- 
t  ions  which  led  to  the  adoption  of  these  weights. 
I  may  remark,  however,  that  Von  Haerdtl's  ex- 
cellent result  from  the  perturbations  of  \\ 'in- 
necke's  comet,  which  has  by  far  the  -mallet 
probable  error  of  any  determination  yet  made, 
has  not  been  assigned  a  corresponding  weight 
because  of  a  distrust  on  my  part  whether 
vat  ions  oi>  a  comet  can  be  considered  a-  hav- 
ing always  been  made  in  the  center  of  L 
of  a  well-defined  mas-  moving  as  if  its  center 
were  a  material  point  subject  to  the  gravitation 
of  the  Sun  and  planets.  This  distrust  seems  to 
me  to  be  amply  justified  by  our  general  experi- 
ence of  the  failure  of  comets  to  move  in  exact 
accordance  with  their  ephemerides.  The  mass 
of  Jupiter,  from  all  observations  on  the  satel- 
lites, 

=-.  1047-82.  weight  =    1 

Action  of  Fmy'»  comet  =  1047-79,      u       =1. 

MUroid  Themis         =  1047  54,      "       =5. 

on  Saturn  =1047-88,      "       =   T. 

a*t*ro»d  PolyhrmoU=104784,      "       =20. 

"      -  Wlnnecke'*  comet     =1047-17,      -       =10. 

Wdfhted  OMMI  =  1047-85. 

.luj.it.  i -.   Ihird  satellite.— As  a  test  of  the 
correctness  of  Prof .  W.  II.  Pickering' 
the  elongation  of  the  «li>k  of  the  third  satellite 
of  Jupiter,  hr.  Marnard.  witli  the  36-inch  t.  1«- 
scope  of  the    l.jek   observatory,   has  subjected 

'•-•ii  to  a  Hirid  examination,  wit  h  • 
Milt  that,  with  all  in.wers  up  to  1,000  diai 
the   satellite    remained   perfectly   round,  even 
when  the  eye  was  put  into  different   j 
angles.     The  u-ual  markings  were  seen,  but  no 
distortion  of  the  disk  was  observed  at  any  time, 
with  any  power,  and  under  the  best  conditions 
of  awing. 

k  Transit  of  Satellite  III.— On  Feb.  8, 
1896,  M  observed  at  Greenwich,  this  satellite 
Passed  on  to  the  disk  of  the  planet  at  71"  3».  At 
7*  80-  it  was  invisible.  At  8^,  and  until  about 
a  half  hour  before  egress,  it  was  seen  as  a  dark. 


OK,    IN 


stouter  spot.    This.  is  a  frequently 

of     il* 


obeerred 


••  .....         '      .:•-!       •          -  i  '    '     .»•  :       ;    '•  I] 
II..    »  ifil.   Satrllll 

UMorbil  oi  £   miouu  MI.,  -..     •  J  .,.-.... 

th  -------  |*d    SSI*    •'.   IMsXbl    In     i',.rt>a*d       .'    •:, 

Lick  Observatory.    la  bis  investigations  be  has 

rcular  ••rl.it.  a  fixed  elliptic  orbit,  and 

t*  ,-ll.j-ti,  on 
MI 


used  a  circular  ••rl.it 
tblt*  ,-ll. 


it  very  small. 

UM  ellipse  almost  a  circle,    owing  to  tne  equa- 
torial protuberance  of  Jupiter,  the  major  o*i» 


a  complete  revolution  in  the-  astoin^.. 
short  period  of  five  months. 

N       Hit.,  ..r  Juplter- 
Ifceji  nfesUHii  ht>?i  i-.:    -  .    .-!..!  I  ESJ  BJ 
cromeler  measure*  by  Dr.  Itaniard.  umng  the 
tt-inoh  glass  with  a  power  of  1,000.     Unless  the 
•  idle  enough  to  |«  nmt  the  em- 
of  this  power  and  give  diM 

In 


wale 


employed.    The  great  powrr  and  the  large 

16-inch  equatorial  render  it  very  suitable 
for  the  determinate  M,»n    ',„,• 

r  instance,  the  diameters  of  the  larger 

-tr..  always 
sjsing  the  full  apertu 


SSSSM  I  m  I-01B  '  m 

-  11  -  *«T4"  » 

-  IU.14tfl".. 

-  i\-\iao"  = 


lu      ~ 


I  .|,,,,ii,.r.— Betw.. 

Tember,  1WM.  and  March,  18W.  as  observed  at 

M  rarvfully  examined 

was  never  easily  or  dis- 

was  noticed  in 

being  nirm.lv  an  elliptical  .-utlinr.  Best  views 
of  it  wer»u  and  after  it  had 

passed  th.-  r.-ntrnl  in,-n,lian. 

Satin...  IHW.  during  the  opposition  of 

Saturn.  Dr.  Barnard  made  a  long  series  of  ob- 
servation*, extending  from  February  to  July. 
with  the  M 

,1  iU  satellites. 
m  in  a  remarl 

measures  .  •  Mall  with  the  26-inch 

'laervatory,  Washing. 
1884  to  1887.    These  harmonuv 
observations  of  th. 


BfOOM 

M,h,at.. 


that  no  change  hat  occurred  in  th.- 
i  system  since  the  first  srstematio 
were  taken,  and  negative  the  asser- 


u,  r. 

tion  once  made  by  a  d 

that  th.-  rings  were  appr 
mid,  in  a  few  yearn,  coalesce 


and  negative 
Miiin&D  . 

tig  tho 


Il.-'IH-'t      •VMWUMMV* . 

nig  UM  planet  and 
with  it.    One 


conclusion  arrived  at  wan  that,  contrary  to  some 
former  assertion,  the  center  of  the  planet  was  in 

ng. 

black  and  *h.t.    «poto  alleged  to  hare 
been  seen  on  th,-  planet  by  «ma 

Mcr  with  the   1.  )*  ••> 

iiu-h  tol«»cope,  though  carefully  *ought  for.  and 
be  to  confident  th.-y  do  not  exist.  The  outer 
edge  of  th  .»pe  ring  apneawsl  to  unite 

M  middk  bright  nnjj. 
No  spots  or  markings  of  any  sort  were  seen  on 


•  to  aw  «  n-t4r*  •  T«,i*»  asms, 
t*«rT".  SMM   - 

imsjsm\ 

or,  in  simplicity.  6.170  miles  shorter  in  diameter 

from  pole  to  pok  than  through  his  equator,  while 

'..rUTs  |*.lar  011.  u  but  26J  miles  shorter 

than  its  equatorial  diameter.    

vania.  that  by  the  spectroscope  he  bad  obtained 

rmtvw*^    rwxit  ftv«*    ff  fttsmt     f  njs    t*4fflaW  A»?     ^AflllsTTl    alt1*)  JVMsm 

(a  fact  long  sososoted)  has  aw 

and  wides|5eldlnterest  in  the  unique 

this  wonderful  world.    When  it  becasj 

that  its  rings  were  multiple,  then  arose 

question  of  what  are  they  const  it  at  ed.  and  are 

they  solid  or  liquid,  or  formed  of  discrete  par- 

ticMSk  anaiosioos  to  UM  tails  of  comets  or  UM 

•   •  .        ';.:'•,         .  '  :.'/-.:.  t       IJ, 

theory  held  by  many  astronomer*  was  that,  if 
solid,  they  could  not  remain  intact .  m  UM  great 

.,.•..-...•''••.••.•       '  -••. 

that  they  are  neither  gascioos,  liquid,  nor  solid, 

::.  .-•;/•       :-    •      ,  -          /  i'r    '     K-«    •  r 

*'? 


the  line  of  sight,  UM  linos  will  occupy  UM  same 

ns  as  those  produced  IB  UM  chemist's 

laboratory  by  raising  to  iocaadesoesM»  UM  smV 

stSja  .  M  r •  •:  . •  .:  .    "  •  |         •          "A     •      '      » 


'    '     • 


stSJOSjej  i  r    • :  .    . : 

.  it  i»  aimed,  sav.  at  the 

which  by  his  rotation  is 
the  lines  are  moved  toward  the 

r  limb,  which  is  moving 
the  same  lines  are  deflected  toward  the  red 

«.if  the  ring  of  Saturn  be 
a   Htfd,  <»„    — ,r  ,,!p.  U,...  Urjr.r  tUn   th. 

r.  should  move  tbi 
possd  ofrnx  •••  -', 
nearer  the  olaoet  will 
same  reason  that  Mercury's  orbital  motion  is 
faster  than  that  of  Venus,  and  that  of  Venus 
fatter  than  that  of  the  Earth,  etc.  This  simple 

,        v.     a   :       "        •    .'    .'.        '    I':    f     E*    Wft 

.     „•     :.        ••  .•    •},     nnai  ate  sj  "• 

ring  moves  faster  than  to  outer.    By  well-known 

«opic  processes  Prof.  KaeJer  IMS  MOST. 

aaeredge  most  move  at  the  rate 

of  1*06  miles  par  second,  and  iU  outer  edge 

,     .       , 

Daring  UM  same  opposition  of  Saturn  in  which 
Prof.  Heeler  achie 


Unit  is  the  result : 


ft 


ASTRONOMY.  PROGRESS  OF,  IN   1808. 


rfMMrrte*   ttttr  -  ITMSSMBM.  Since  the  last  record  names  have  been  given 

«!•!::- !M!  : 


Prot  Ball  in  the 


so  closely  with  thote  of 
1884  and  1887  a* 


1*1^  dtv^^Ml     «*    At^MV 

•iddle  risw  K  from  its 


—         ,     -  »I1C       111%  I    I* 

>  ring  fa,  from  its  discoverer,  called  the 

IdiV&oa.  TWorte*  ring  hs*  occasionally 

teen  MI  to  be  divided  also,  and  this  separation 
ha*  basfi  MMDed  the  JhnA»  division. 

ef  ntsML-This.  the  largest  of 
fa  the  only  one  of   his  8 
led  to  successful 
Dr.  Barnard  has 

ssneh  time  to  this  object,  but  it  * 
med  that  the  atmosphere  was  sufficiently 
fortttopc^tawNi-deflDeddisk.wuh- 
of  ooorse.  no  measures  could  be 
the  disk  was  observable  a  mag- 
of  1  000  diameters  was  uf^d,  and 

.          .  '         •:,,.:, 

of  the  observations  of  the  year  18M,  on  May  6 
and  7.  June  18  and  85.  and  July  2:  Diameter, 
This  is  a  smaller  di- 


thaa  that  aeuallj  assigned  to  Titan,  and 
about  5-3  times  M  great  as 
Saturn's  density  being  equal 
pine  wood. 

16.— Inthe-Astronomi- 
0.  18K).  Dr.  Barnard  writes 
of  the  diameter  of  this,  the  most  distant  known 
planet,  and  of  his  employment  upon  it  of  the  36- 
inch  tiisSBOpi  with,  generally,  a  power  of  520, 
ihoagfe  oo  one  or  two  occasions  using  a  power 
Save  in  a  single  case  the 
I  round,  while  in  the  obser- 
Tranu*  the  disk  was  ever  decidedly 
elUotlesa.  Following  are  the  results  of  the 
work  of  Ua  nights  reduced  to  the  mean  distance 
from  the  son  =*HK51.  in  terms  of  the  Earth's 
=  1: 


Tne  exact  number  of  these  small 


M 

819 


sa*- 


•    \i 

SM      \\      r...rdl«k. 

89*  =  lit 

401  =  HI      Ottilia. 


Over  one  hundred  of  these  tiny  planets  are 
MM  ..  •, 

The  planet  BE  has  an  interesting  orbit,  ami. 
in  contrast  to  nearly  all  the  others,  raav 
of  dome  practical  value  to  astronomers.*    With 

•  .  ;  rfbb  exception  --f  ::-,?::  .  I'.nieim.  Us  j,,Ti- 
helioii  distance  is  the  smallest  of  the  cut  in- 
family,  being  but  1*60.  Its  least  distance  from 

"M».(HX)  mil. 

thai  «.f  the  Earth  boi  03,000,000.  It  i> 
therefore  well  adapted  fur  tin-  drternuimtion  «»f 
the  solar  parallax,  as  whet i  in  opposition  and  <>n 
the  meridian  at  midnight.  >>cin^  in  the  telescope 
l-.jt  a  minute  point,  it  is  of  far  greater  accuracy 
f..r  the  jix-ertainineiit  of  the  Sun's  distance  than 
a  transit  of  Venus. 

I  neke'a  Comet,  with  a  period  of  only  8-3 
years,  was  detected  by  M.  Perrotin  on  N 
1894,  at  the  Nice  Observatory,  Prance.  'I 
the  most  interesting  of  all  the  short-period 
comets,  not  only  because  its  time  of  revolution  is 
the  shortest,  but  because  of  its  near  approach  to 
the  planet  Mercury,  thus  affording  the  most  re- 
liable data  known  for  determining  the  mass  of 
that  planet.  In  1801  it  came  quite  near  the 
planet,  and  gave  opportunity  for  a  long  s< •; 
observations,  from  which  the  most  trust  v. 
value  for  Mercury's  mass  ever  assigned  was  de- 
duced. Its  periodic  time  at  each  return  is 
found  diminished  by  about  two  and  a  half  hours, 
which  fact  has  caused  much  speculation  and 
wonder,  and  is  yet  an  unsolved  problem.  The 
theory  regarding  this  retardation  which  has  most 
adherents  is  that  it  is  caused  by  the  resistance 
of  the  hv|)othetical,  all-pervading  ether,  and 
this  retardation  of  its  motion  shortens  its  periodic 
tin..-. 

Comet  IT  1894  was  discovered  on  Nov.  20 
by  Edward  D.Swift,  assistant  astronomer  at  the 
Lowe  Observatory,  Echo  Mountain,  California. 
It  was  detected  with  a  16-inch  refractor,  and, 
having  passed   perihelion,  was  an  exceedingly 
j"t.     A  very  faint,  short  tail  was  per- 
.     A  computation  of  its  orbit  from  three 
positions  showed  it  to  be  not  only  an  elliptic  com- 
et of  short  period,  but,  also,  that  its  elements 
were  almost  identical  with  the  lost  comet  of 
o,  discovered  in  1844,  with  a  computed 
:  of  about  five  and  a  half  years,  which 
had  not  again  been  seen  until  this  finding  by 
Swift.    Though  possible,  it  is  exceedingly  im- 
probable that  two  comets  should  possess  nearly 
the  same  elements,  and  astronomers  are  agreed 
that  this  new  comet  is  a  return  of  De  Vico's  to 
perihelion,   which    must    have  happened    nine 
times  without  detection. 

The  observations  and  measurements  of  this 
comet  br  Dr.  Barnard,  who  followed  it  with  the 
great  telescope  until  Jan.  29, 1895,  were  of  great 
value  in  computing  a  more  exact  set  of  elements. 

From  all  observations  Dr.  Chandler,  of  Cam- 
Mon,  Mass.,  has  computed  the  following  ellip- 
tic elements,  and  for  comparison  the  elements  of 
^o's  comet,  by  Brunow,  are  given : 


ASTRONOMY.  PROGRESS  OP.  IN  16* 


II 




pariod-flvr   and   .   half  ye«»_»  feat 

'  *-  *•* 


JOT.  till*  ear*, 

pCf  4*4. 


" 


injuring  that*  elements,  which   agree 


ode  and  |«rihelion  dis- 
M  ri  tbf  m  mi  S? 

I      f      r.,'.   ».,     r         w. 

off   diagnun    will    show 

heir  affnwoMnt,  and  that 

M    corort    It    M^miftti 

•"  Vioo  to 

Imortwtihoul  doubt.     If 
hb  bo  to,  then  the 

M*   during    lh«    flflj 
wn   it    wa»   lort    ntut 

,...-      U,M 

-       pi  rf  ^ 


lariyat  the  Lick  and  Low* 

'rninl«90.Mwase*p«<ed,a*ludrfoo. 
•ration  also.    On  lh*  morning  of  June  10,  Dr. 

very  far  from 
vary  faint  comeUry -looking  'object  wtfen  he 
took  fora  nebula,  as  HirWrbiaiUawch^hsd 
•everal  near.  Returning  to  it  on  July  4.  he 
found  the  body  miasing.and  mm*  to  the  con- 
elusion  that  it  was  the  moan  dasired  Barnard 
hich  he  had  had  a  view,  but  which 
effort  failed  to  refln\L  Owing 


other  than    thai    of    the 
giant  planet  Ju; 

when  the  approach  wa>  to 
elo»  (ne   diagrmin)  that 


not  onlT  rooted    in    the 
dteotfaa.  i.ut   ibo 


in  nearly  parallel  paths 
This  long  -continued  at- 
tract ire  power  of  Jupiter 

*.i-    >'Ui;    :,-i.'    !,,    ••haiiL'-- 


the   orbit   of   De  Vios 
comet  into  that  of  Comet 

inspection  of    the 
towing   will    show    that 
the  long-lost  comet's  orbit 
runs  also  close  to  th 
Man.an.1 

••di»tant  future,  when 
the  comet  iUelf  shall 
trarel  thither,  it  most  en- 
counter another  dist  unit- 
ing force  and  be  agan 
TMted  into  a  new  . 

Its  next  near  approach  to  Jupitor  will  occur  in 

1807,  wh.-i.  it   must  again  be  greatly  perturbed 

•>  -hance.  again  lost. 

r«i»n*t    Comet,—  This    periodic    comet, 

was  discovered  in  1846  and  hat  a  period 

•w  due,  bat,  because  of  its  prox- 

.  it  ban  not  ret  been  detected. 


.     .    .    .  ...... 


lsiaH  'J^ytol  **»•*+ 

.        ,   •  v  ••  *-j    ••" 

\  l|    *<  IT 


it  was 

have  shared 
of  Biela. 


>  the  Sun.  it  has  not  y*t  been  detected.  Aug.  «.  Dr.  Lewfo  Swift,  Director  of  the  Low* 

7  probably  it  may  not  tie  seen  at  all.    As  Observatory,  discovered  a  very  faint  but  rather 

not  feudal  us  'last  apparition,  though  lam  comet  in  right  MeenskmPST*  40»;  dedi- 

it  may  nation  north  5'  S> .    It  had  a  verv  slow  motion 

land  th*  fate  of  the  disintegrated  oom<*  in  a  noftbeaateriT  direction.    Foflowing  are  its 


M 


ASTRONOMY,  PBOORBB8  OF,  IN  1806. 


HaDeyYall 

Ireot,  and  all  bat  that  out  belong 
to  U»J«0lter  group. 
* 


This  comet  was  de- 


54    11  .    Though   it  has 
to  the  Earth,  it  will  not 
*t  'perihelion  until   March,  1800,  and 
it  ought,  in  strictness,  to  be  included 
fa)  the  list  of  oomets  of  that  year. 

Twtai  Eclipse  of  the  Mooiu-On  March  10, 
im  then  ooonmd  a  total  eclipse  of  the  Moon 
visible  from  both  continent*.  During  the  van- 
ov*  stage*  of  its  progress  it  exhibited  phenomena 
of  great  interest.  In  coloration,  the  density  of 
the  shadow,  and  the  semiobscuration  of  the 
dun nu  totality  it  bore  a  great  resemblance  to  its 
last  return,  also  total,  in  1877.  Several  attempts 
both  short  and  long  expo- 
during  the  total  phase,  proved 
One  exposure  of  an  entire  minute 
photographed  only  one  faint,  neighboring  star. 
t)M  conspicuous  feature  of  the  eclipse  was  the 
extraordinary  brightness  of  A  ri  starch  us,  for 
which  its  general  high  albedo  seemed  hardly  to 


Erllie*  of  Sept.  .1  and  4.  1  S9».-This  total 
ectipse  of  the  Moon  wasa  return  of  that  of  Aug. 
ft.  1877.    In  general  appearance  to  the  naked 
eye  it  was  very  similar  to  that  of  March  10, 18M, 
bwt  with  the  telescope  several  marked 
am  were  observable.    Aristerchus, 
glowed  like  a  diamond,  attracting  universal  at- 
t^tion.  was  very  faint  and  inconspicuous.    At 
the  Ix>w»  Observatory,  a  phenomenon  never  be- 
fore olawfud  by  the  writer— but  visible  to  many 
on  this  occasion— was  seen :  the  upper  j 
of  the  Moon  was  of  a  pale  but  deddeTblue  color, 
its  upper  boundary  convex,  agreeing  exactly 
with  the  convex  are  of  the  Moo7s  limB.  and  the 


straigmv-not  concave  like  the 
narrow  cresosnt  The  length  of  the 
•boat  rV  of  the  Moon*s  diameter. 
Twif  feature  was  nicely  observable  with  field  and 
oniam glass  and  with  the  U-ineh  finder  of  the 
•JIBI.  but  was  l«s  distinct,  thouch  easily 


chief  value  to  astronomy  of  a  total  lunar 
t  b  the  determination  of  th,-  times  of 
n  of  sters  by  the  lunar  disk  during 
Both  limbs  of  the  Moon  being  then 


'       '        -'M  - 

— -  - 1  -ft ....  i. . ..  of  stars  occulted 
ascertainment  of  the  Moon's  diameter  freed 
from  the  efforts  of  irradiation  is  made  possible. 
Also,  from  diminution  of  the  Moon's  UgnMm* 
fainter  sters  may  then  be  seen  near  the  disk  t  han 


at  other  times.  At  Greenwich  Observatory  137 
observations  of  disappearances  or  reappearances 
were  recorded  by  the  eleven  observers  who 

......  ,,f    the    eclipse,        Of     this 

number  of  observations   124  were  proix 
good.    In  observing  an  occulution,  the  time 
could  be  estimated  to  about  the  tenth  of  a 


The  ruddiness  of  the  Moon  when  totally  im- 
mersed in  the  Earth's  shadow  can,  of  course,  be 
understood,  but  no  satisfactory  reason  has  yet 
been  given  for  the  great  variation  in  color  and 
l.nllmncy  in  different  eclipses.    Even  when  hap- 
...     ili.  re  is  still 
lifference  in  the  amount  of  luminosity  of 
the  eclipsed  Moon. 

The  raininess  of  the  Moon  during  totality  is 
much    underrated.      IV. f.    W.   W.    I'l.-k- -r 
the  total  eclipse  of  1887,  estimated  the  eclipsed 
Moon  to  be  as  much  fainter  than  th' 
as  the  latter  was  fainter  than  the  Sun.      This 
must  be  an  extreme  view,  however,  as  the  best 
authorities  make  the  Sun  7(K),(KM) times  as  bright 
as  the  Moon. 

With  regard  to  the  Moon's  spectrum  very  little 
has  been  accomplished.  The  atmospheric  Lands 
seemed  so  intense  and  broad  that  they  practically 
ran  one  into  another,  and  observers  simply  got 
the  two  ends  of  the  spectrum  cut  <>iT. 

Variable  Stars— Algol.— Dr.  S.  C.  Chandler 
explains  the  periodic  variations  in  the  intervals 
between  its  minima  by  supposing  that  the  bright 
star  with  its  eclipsing  dark  companion  revolves 
around  a  distant  center  of  gravity,  determined 
by  its  relation  to  another  dark  body,  during  a 
|N-ri«Nl  of  130-91  years.  M.  Tisserand  considers 
that  t  hey  are  caused  by  changes  in  the  line  of 
apsides  due  to  a  polar  compression  of  Algol. 
This  hypothesis  require*  considerable  variation 
in  the  duration  of  tin-  minima:  Dr.  Chandler's, 
that  there  should  be  a  periodic  inequality  in 
the  proper  motion  of  Algol.  In  "  Astronomical 
Journal,"  No.  843,  Prof.  Lewis  Boss,  of  the  Dud- 
ley Observatory,  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  gives  a  list  of 
observed  positions  of  Algol  and  of  13  compari- 
son stars  for  1805-0,  for  the  determination  of  the 
truth  or  falsity  of  Chandler's  hypothesis.  If 
correct,  the  apparent  orbital  motion  of  Algol  is 
now  little  less  than  at  its  maximum,  and  it  will 
so  continue  for  nearly  twenty-five  years,  within 
which  time  it  would  be  possible  to  truly  deter- 
mine the  question. 

The  variability  of  Z  Jferculis  was  disc*, 
by  Dr.  Chandler,  in  July.  1894,  who  regarded  it 
as  a  variable  of  the  Algol  type,  with  a  per 
8*23*50-.  Its  variability  was  detected  V 
wig  also,  who  assigned  it  a  period  of  only  ld  23h 
55"  40».  As,  however,  a  minimum  on  Sept.  20 
did  not  r*-eur  at  the  time  indicated  by  either  of 
these  periods,  iw.  D une>  concludes  that  the  star 
is  of  the  V  Cvgni  type  with  «ncMua]]y  bright  com- 
ponents, and  that  the  faint  and  very  bright  alter- 
nate in  periods  of  forty-seven  and  forty-nine 
The  hypothesis  demands  that  7.  Berculis 
aowjfats  of  2  stars  of  equal  size,  one  of  which  is 
twice  as  bright  as  the  other;  that  they  revolve 
around  their  center  of  gravity  in  an  elliptical 
orbit  whose  semi  ax  is  major  is  six  times  the  di- 
ameter of  the  stars ;  that  the  plane  of  the  orbit 
passes  through  the  Sun ;  that  the  eccentricity  is 
0-3475;  and  that  the  line  of  apsides  is  inclined 


IV.  PROGRESS  OF.  IX   KM. 


• 


•  hen  Bearing  minimum  the  neb- 

ul.i   Mirr..nn.linK-   tin*   -«t«r   nai   u^am   U-.-n  BSSJa, 

-m.  a  stellar  D. 

the  center  of  a  faint  nebula,  but  on  the  -j.'ith  tlu* 

stellar  I- -int   h.i 

rtuuately  the  star  was  then  too 
'  I  reappearance  to  be  observed. 

minimum,  the   nebula  about 

seen.    The  star  » 

:  >n  Jan.  M.  1 

splaoc  i.:  the  very 

h  nebula  was  certain! v  seen, 

•t.     I  h.-  BtbaJa  M  Mar.  h  r> 


th 

Tin-  Ma 


as  also  on  the  •„• 

was  very  faint,  with  a  »i 

•      •   '  •  •         . .  .  •     '    •   .     '  '  •     r . 
.k:.  :     •  M .*!•  h  '.'I  V..    v.k 

,!•!.•  ai  pi  int    .  f  tin    r 
a-,,  asbml  toy,     Ufa 

Mi.I  w,- 

.     I!.     >V 


<      :••:•  :   -•'. 

f  the  star. 


•peotra  taken  « 

the  diaooven  of  u  n, 

Irora  Une«  bright: 
Astronomic*!  Journal  "  for  the  car- 

riable-star 

In  No.  847  is  a  revised  M 

•JOQttd  oatfJofM  «.f  farieJblai  »•%  >.  <     «  handler. 
X...  :tUi  .-..iitnin.   .u.   ,-,.h,-in,-ris      f    var::»l    -      -  f 


the  Algol  type  iogties, 

MtaaTstO/oi   uiriuM,.   >tar>   ,,f   U-ih   s|,,.rt    ami 


long  period,  by  -t,  K.  P.  Sawyer, 

and  others  an-  Xos.  888,  84«,  and  850, 

i   Avriya.—  This,  says  Dr.    Barn  a 
inible  as  a  small  star  without  change  in 

|.h\M.:il     :»|.|..-:ir:i!i.-.-     -111-.'     1VJ.        <   •  •'.'.:  \  ':ir  !-  H 

.'  neighboring  stars  shows  conclusively 
that  there  has  been  no  perceptible  motion 
Nova  for  two  years.  This  fixity  is  sur- 
prising because  of  the  enormous  velocity  in  th. 
line  of  sight  assigned  to  the  star  by  spectro- 
jH-opi,-  ,,J,^r.  in,  -,  It.  ,|*x-tmm  >  t'l.at  ..f  the 
nebuln  r  10000  is  right  ascension 

magnitude  is  9-7.    It  has  been  named  T  Auriga. 
-arancc  it  U  a  faint  stellar  point  involved 
-•tmewhat  dense  nebula. 
Similar  to  the  Auriga  Nova  in  its  spectrum 

irfit  ascension  \&  22-  r>  ; 
—  50"  1*8.     This  too,  as  al* 
"  the  nebula  spectrum,  and  all  hare 

l-liir   fiU«.-Prof.  J.  M.  Scfaaa- 
berle.  .serratorr.  has  been  com- 

^photographic  plat. 
the  faintest  visual  magnitudes  in  the  36-inch 


woope  at  Mount  lUmilton. 

rn;i..n,,f  Al»H.ai,.l  u.ii.i 

prtosd  to  find  that,  with  an  esposureor  five 
in,  the  photograph  nvealed  «urs  down  to 
164  magnitude.  As  the  photograph  was 
the  level  of  the  saa  andwiil  a  small 


•aopa,  and  as  a  atar  of  the 

U.U-    I,    at    thr    lunit    ,,f    %m..|,    ,.f    thr 


fjasj   I'.-   '.    *• 


- 


with  aa 


ex|M«ure  of  five 

stars  down  to  the 

those  as  small  a»  the  giant  refractor  of  the 

Observatory  will  show  visually. 

Faint    Star    near   Alpha   <  ••nt«url.-Mr. 
Walt.:  .  of    PaddingtoB,   % 

\S    ,  .•-..;   a:    ...-"•„.•• 

Alpha 

not  aware  of  any  previous  obsecration  of  the 

to  the  brijrbt  star.    If  nnconnartfd  with 
the  system,  its  distance  twenty  years  hence,  be- 
cause of  the 
Vtt]  BJMD 


, 

proper  motion  of  Alpha,  will  be 
A»  the 


do  Dot 


oppow  such  an  hypotheata,  the  remote  poaaft- 

•iir  befog  conn 
ha, 
il 


N-llnr    bean 


it  a  tnj  !r  tj+em.  rmden  it  of 
H.  "'•  katikli  •••  •--•    •    » 
igatiunn  of  the  .-rl.it  of  Alpha  (Vntauri   have 
..:  Milebj  IT  h  Bfl    i  IB   •  I  to   tt    «l 
heir  delenninations  fail  to  Mtisf    the  moat 


•!. 


-  i    '• 

G    BJ 


A  tew 


•  l.-u-r.-.  -  iii  ii.lxaii--.   -f  •!••   •    ;:.j   .'•  :  ;  hi  I 

8MHrm  of  8ten.-Tbe  annuaf  report  of 

irvBf4  Col- 
lege Obsennt   r>..i  :  M  Baal  .:••  >:•}      :  •/*  • 
h  valuable  work  done  with  the 
:  instruments  at  his  command.  Thellennr 

ra    having   been    ph<>tomphed  with  the 
Draper  tdcaeopt.,  ano    1,706  with  the 


8-inch  Bacne  glass  in  Peru.   All  the  plate*  have 
been  examined  by  " 


the  discovery  of  eleven 

spectra  show  the  hylrogea  lines.    In  addition  to 

the  above,  912   photographs  have  beea  taken 

h  Uraper  tclaaoona    Of  tlicao. 

Un*  Majoris  and  47  out  of  66  of  Bate  Auriga 

have  been  found  periodically  to  have  double 

spectral  hn.-.v     These  stars  are  termed  photo- 

gpaetroieopic  binaries,  and  the  investigation  of 

tracter  is  far  beyond  the  reach 

of  anv  visual  trlesroi*.    Their  periods  of  revo- 

u  are  four  and  eight  days  respectivelv. 

ulons  Reerloa  IB  OrloB.-Dr.  RoWa*s 
splendid  photographs  of  the  great  nebula  la 
drio^so  muchtaJked  of  in  late  years,  have  not 
bv  anv  means  exhausted  the  wooden  of  that  re- 
markable region.  Dr.  Barnard  also  has  secured 
not  only  photographs  of  the  giant  nebula  itself, 

rn 1 1 rr  constellation,  using  for  the  purpose  not  a 

.    .    ,       ,  .•:-..!::.. 

a  magic  lantern  giving 

•  »•  f^a»          Kw%srit     r^nei    laB\lw 

Hb  negative,  portray  an 


and  the 


fftlsjf    ;    Itksj     f 


ASTRONOMY.  PROGRESS  OP,  IN   1895. 


Ik*  bod/  of  the  giant-    The  mas^whic 
U>  b»  of  a  Pfiiral  aatorv.  Marts  from  a 
ts»  ml  of  fit*,  and.  involving  ».  paaw 
•art*  of  Kappa,  whence  ^trends  JMI 

law  ssjswply  lowa/^l  t  n«*  v^esL  ii  passe 

SJSJB  BwaWss)  ovl    An  ouMymg  ^KJWWI 


_  ih«  extreme  diameter  of 
«rees  in  magni- 

.      -  ..        "     r:       ;       ' 

previ- 

Uken  in  southern 


that  the  great  nebula  in  Orion,  and 
all  lu  appendafetare  moving  in  the 
of  sight  avar  from  the  Earth  at  the  rate  of 


H  •miles  par 

It  wsVfbnnerly  supposed,  and  (ho  identity 
rtrongty  contended  for,  that  the  principal  nebu- 
lar l5s  was  identical  with  the  magnesium  nut- 
ing,  but  Prot  Keeler  has  proved  that  this  is  not 
UM  earn  He  has  determined  the  wave  l 
of  UM  principal  line  to  be  5,007-05  ±  -03 

.Md  tCt  of  the  second  to  be  4J5XB  ± -04 
»  it  follows  that  neither  of 
with  any  known  terrestrial 
The  third  nebular*  line  is  the  H  0  one 
of  hydrogen.  Prom  the  displacement  of  this 
Mar  line  Prof.  Keeler  deduced  the  motion  of 
Orion  a*  noted  above.  In  like  manner  he  showed 
ivi  in  be  approaching  os  at  the  rate  of  about 
•ft  miles  a  iScond,  and  that  No.  4878,  General 
Osulogve  of  Nebula,  has  the  greatest  approach- 
Hrrefcoity  of  any  nebula  known,  amount  ing  to 
«r«  miles  per  second.  Alto  that  No.  6790 
OMMfal  Gstakcur.  has  the  greatest  relo. 

foa.  equal  to  80*1  miles  a  second.  Among 
noUworthy  results  of  his  observations  may 
be  aissjtioniJ  that  the  spectrum  of  the  I 
UM  nebula  mdieates  either  a  high  temperature 
of  the  MS  emitting  the  light  or  a  state  of 
strong  tfcotrical  eidtement,  and  that  both  t  em- 
arc  greatly  increased  at 


In  -  Itanrard  Obsenratory  Annals,"  Part   I, 
Prot  E.C.  Pickerin    slates  that  no  clear  indict 


Haw  of  rhsags  of  shape  or  «.f  brilliancy  have 
bees)  noted  in  UM  nebula  within  the  last  ten 


it  through  a  thin  per- 
*  in  contact  with  the 


Ed  with  the  prism  placed  in 
glass  corresponding  to  the 
-Mtmble  most  close! 
and  wave  length  878  is 
boSierofthe 

•'    -       .: 

to  be  not 

than  <HW,  corresponding  to  a  distance 
light  would  require  a  thousand  yean  to 


nebula  showing  isophotal  contours  which  will  bo 
valuable  in  subsequent  researches  of  tin- 

..In-. 

riiottjfnpfcfa  N«'lmlir.  !'.T  s,.v.T;il  y.-ars 
it  has  been  known  thai  tip  :  th<>  Pleia- 

des or  th-   B  popularly  called, 

is  filled  with  scattered  patches  <»i  n,  l.ula  Ih.- 
Merope  nebula,  discovered  in  1W  \,,  i',,,f.  \v,i- 
helm  Tempel,  is  the  only  one  conspi 

i  the  telescope,  but  photography  reveals 
the  presence  of  several  others.  The  entire  con- 
Htcllation  seems  to  be  a  mixture  of  stars  and 

Mrln 

I>r.  Barnard,  thinking  he  had  observed  signs 
..f  tirhulosities  ouisi.lr  of  and  Mirntundiu^  th<- 
group,  subjected  his  surmise  to  photographic: 
The  exposure  lasted  for  ten  hours  ami 
fifteen  minutes,  and  the  resulting  picture  showed 
n  nuiiilMT  of  singular  curved  and  streaked  nrlm- 
losities  extending  all  around  the  cluster.  S.>im 
<>f  those  wispy  streams  extend  irre^ularh  <>n 
each  sidr  <>f  t'he  cluster,  especially  toward  tli<> 
east,  for  several  degrees.  The  photographic 
plate  shows  that  for  a  considerable  di>tam<  to 
the  north  is  a  region  singularly  devoid  of  small 
stars,  but  filled  with  large  masses  of  v<  TV  ditTusc 
nebulosity.  The  is  important  as  show- 

ing that  the  photographic  nebula^  may  surpass 
the  telescopic  in  extent  and  numbers. 

In  course  of  his  photographic  study  of  the 
Milky  Way  he  has  discovered  a  magnificent  neb- 
ula of  vast  proportions  in  Scorpius,  connected 
apparently  with  many  of  the  bright  stars  in  the 
neighborhood,  including  Antares  and 


S<  orpii.  The  latter  has  a  large,  diffused  mass  of 
nebulosity  reaching  northward  which  can  be 
traced  on  the  photograph  to  a  «>nm«tion  with 
brighter  nebulosity  about  Rho  ophiuchi. 

>  .i!  ial>lc  Nebulae.—  There  has  been  long  dis- 
pii  tat  ion  regarding  the  variability  of  nebula-. 
From  observations  at  the  Li<  k  Observatory  by 
Profs.  Hurnham  and  I'.arnard  it  appears  t  hat 
Tau  Tatiri  is  involved  in  nebulosity,  that  Hind's 
celebrated  variable  nebula  was  only  just  visible 
with  the  86-inch  telescope,  and  that  Struve's 
nebula  close  by  can  not  be  seen  at  all. 

Th«-  history  of  HindV  nebula  is  too  loi; 
insertion  hcr«-  and  too  interesting  to  be  entirely 
foregone.     In   "Chambers*!  Handbook  o 
tronomy  "  the  record  of  its  discovery,  its  disap- 
pearance, an<!  final  reappearance  may  be  found. 
A  faint  star  in  close  proximity  to  this  m-bnla 
varies  in  brightness  also,  and  adds  to  the  interest 
already  attaching  t..  the  nebula. 

Photofraph  ef  II.  I.  M.  -This  nebula,  which 
is  No.  8240  of  the  General  Catalogue,  has  been 
photographed  by  Isaac  Roberts  with  his  20  im  h 
reflector.  This  is  described  by  Lord  Rosse  as 
very  large  and  very  bright,  its  center  like  an 
elongated  nebula  with  nucleus,  and  enveloped  in 
an  irregular  ring  or  rings  of  nebulous  light.  lie 
thought  it  spiral  in  form,  but  the  photograph 
does  not  so  present  it,  and  shows  the  nucleus  to 
be  a  nebulous  star  of  the  twelfth  magnitude. 
Surrounding  the  nucleus  at  a  great  distance  is  a 
well-defined  ring,  and  in  this  ring  several  star- 
oodensations  of  nebulosity  are  involved. 
Outside  tl»  is  rin£.  but  symmetrical  with  it,  is  an- 
other and  fainter  one,  and  beyond  this  latter  are 


indications  of  still  another  very  faint  ring. 
rof.  Pickering  has  contracted  a  chan  of  the       Mr.  Roberts  has  photographed  II.  I.  143  = 


OF.  IN 


•  : 


l    M>   .    •       «...  ....    -      :. 

ed  siral  in  form  are  not 


tralia,  Baltrinin.  Canada,   Columbia, 

1  ;'    ;;;v     .    :.  ;  ,    . 


t 


earned  spiral  u.  I 
upon  photographic  plate*.  "ni.j -«.-«!  t<>  thi»  .-h«i^-.-  «r 

-When  a  vary  few    la> 
te  suspicion  wot  expressed  that  ter- 

tsjdoi  ndni  •  •  p  •••'•  -•  raiiott  •  •  "••' 
i  received  with  iimouulMl  by  a  Urge 


neutral 


n  . 
SwiUeriand  was 


by  a  large 

istrunomen;  but  the  researches  of 
r  have  ratal  to  the  rank  of  a 
'   that   what  is  known  astro- 
h<-  inMaiitaneouspoleof  theKarth'* 


The  system  of  changing  time  by  entire  bottrs, 

!.:••..._-.•:.       '          '    •    •      .   -   .      -     .. 

adopted  by  many  other 


ii-.'uUr  'l;-f  n f  "   '     fr  in 

p3od  -.f  toot  bandred  and 


in  Karth's  axes  of 
comb  suggested  that   if 

should  cause  a  syn- 
>i  in  the  moan  tea  level,  and 
that  possibly  it  might  be  detected  by  a  careful 

Blot  - .    oH  BOTW  r,     \  •  ;v   B  Hii  I  «otl  ti. 

t.'..  JMod  f  />  •  in;  divtt  B,  •••  nohi  m  h  «m 
.  He  chose  the  observations  at  two 
stations  near  San  Francisco,  <al.. 
BW,  communicated  his  results 
in  an  official  report.  He  found  from  a  • 

-an*  serU 

days  and  a  semi-amplitude  of  173  millimetres. 

riMie  undertook 

I*riod 

.  sand  as.-  ideof  12'5  milli- 

wo  series  gave  a 

BJOM  i«  riod  •  f  r:i  T  i  doji,  sad  .1  M  .»n  sjort 
ampUtudt  of  1*>  millimetres  or  0*59  inches. 

phase  epochs  from  these  tidal  investiga- 
tions show  in  a  remarkable  manner  the  har- 
mony between  the  results  of  tidal  and  astronom- 
ical observation  which  can  hardly  be  regarded 
.n idler's  paper  on  this  sub- 
ject may  be  found  in  "  Astronomical  Journal " 

1 1. meow   Yh  -f    Bfe    Major 

Pland-  several    evenings    «l urine   the 

th.-  *ami-  timr.      i  >n  ..n OTolOB  thf  dim  !•  r  ,  f 

the  I.«>«.    «»l.--r\uJ..r»    »a»    in    t  h.    ,\,i.iii-    -k\ 

>  a  single  tnin  the  planets  Jo- 

Mars,  Venu».  Saturn,  and  I'ra- 
'.much  the  telescope,  of  course. 
It  was  an  extranrtlinary  hap|>enin)?.  not  to  be  re- 
in many  years.    Man*,  " 

hone  with  such  brilliancy,  had 

ished  to  the  faintness  «.f  a  t  hird- magnitude 

star,  but  its  redness  was  in  striking  contrast  to 

I  aiflcatioi  of  I  ime.— The  joint  com: 

on  the  uniflcation  of  astronomical,  civil,  and 
nautical  days,  have  communicated  with  the  as- 
tronomers of  all  countries  for  the  ascertainment 
;  the  desirability  of  such 
change,  A  m» 
countries  declare  in  its  favor:  Austria,  Aus- 


plan   •••  effect  in  Australia, 

making  the  relation  to  Greenwich  time,  at  fol- 


tralia.  nine;  and  all  the  other  pf 
hours  ahead.  At  Sydney,  under  the  new  system 
of  uniform  utaiidard  time,  it  was  necessarv  only 
to  set  the  timepieces  back  lest  than  five  minutes. 
\*tronomlral  Pnhliratlona.— -  Astronoov 
ical  Journal."  Koa.  800.  819.  and 
lithet  a  list  by  Dr.  Chandler  of  844  variable 

ot  h>-r  important  information.    It  it  complete  op 

.•    .     .       •    :       ,-  .     .    ,        '..-.•,.•..•-. 

the  hands  of  all  workers  on  this  class  of  stars. 

rordiiha  llurrhuiu«l«-riinff.  Parl  II.      I  i... 
second  part  of  the  important  undertaking  of  the 


of  the  M  Results  of  the  Obeervatory." 

tains  the  positions  and  magnitudes  of  160.415 

stars,  making,  with  the  first  part,  a  total  of 


840315,  between  22*  and  42*  of  south 

!>  this  volume  it  an  atla- 
on  the  same  scale  as  Argelander's  and  8 
feld's.  Tables  are  given  of  the  number  of 
stars  observed  in  each  degree  of  dedinalino 
and  4  minutes  of  right  ascension.  In  the  tone 
above  mentioned  (90*  wide)  ever/  star  down  to 
the  tenth  magnitude  it  recorded.  The  work  in 

taking  bv  I»r.  John  >f.  Thome,  director. 

i.  a  sup- 
plement to  his  New  General  Catalogue  of  Neb- 
nhr.  by  Dr.  J.  I.  K.  Dreyer.  Director  of  the  Ar- 
ow^  Obasrvol  rji  fiSi  [  .  •••  ••  ••  *Ui 

:  -•:•    •      :        :  •  .      »        .:..,-.••- 

number  of  nebul*  (7340  *  1  J») «  M*.  all 
known  up  to  the  date  of  issue,  January.  IBM. 

\   tronomlcsl    Prixea.— The  Watson   gold 
medal  was  awarded  to  Dr.  Seth 
his  valuable  work  on  variable  stars,  and  for  hit 
researches  of  the  variation  of  terrestrial  latitude, 

TV  /tsjssssj  prits,  a  gold  medal,  wot  be- 
stoweil  u|.-n  I*rof.  George  K.  Hale,  of  th 
v,r-  •>      '   «  '      a«   .  1          I'    h    OM       f   ".     r    |k 

•      . 

the  medal  hot  each  year  since  been  awarded  to 
worthy  ot 

to±^ 

(work  on'tbe  SonT'Only' 
have  received  thb  medal,  viz. : 

juigley.  now  secretary  of  the  Smith- 


with  value  of  $800l  was  awarded  to  Paul  & 
Yendell  for  the  best  series  of  determinations  of 


AUSTRALASIA. 


',  •'  •     N  ''     '  v 

S^^^^^i^^ueofyiS; 
*»  th»\»o«  thorough  dtouiMsion  of  the  theory 

V 

eif       r\__ 

• . .    •      • . .  •  .     : '  r 

the 


was  awarded  to    M. 
of  calculating  pertur- 


of  photographs  of  nebula) 

r.*A.  P.  Atmonf  gold  medal,  worth 
was  awarded  to  LonTRayleigh  for  his 
sty  of  argon,  the  new  atmospheric  ele- 


TLAKTA 


BM  I:\I--M- 


M  v  si  A,  one  of  the  divisions  of  the 

'     •  •..•-.!.•          ••-..-•,    ;., 

and  the  island  colonies  of  Great  Britain  in  the 
Pndflc,  with  intervening  islands.  With  the  ex- 
of  the  Dutch  part  of  New  Guinea,  the 
'  ales  of  Bismarck  Archipelago 
flnjftimm  TtfyK  the  French 


cot*,?  of  New  Caledonia,  and  the  New  Hebrides 
and  •mailer  croups  stall  under  native  rule,  all 


are  British  colonies  or 
The  fire  colonies  of  Australia 
UM  colonir*  aland  and  Tasmania 

Sharing  each  its  re  present  A- 
id  waponrible  miniMr\. 

and  making  all  its 
».y  the  Mritish  Pnr- 
iiMMal  subject  to  a'certain  resenred  reto  power 
of  U*  Imperial  Gorernment  and  the  appellate 
jvMdktioo  of  UM  British  House  of  Lords  in 
mptrial  eoocern.  The  Crown  is  rep- 
a  Gorernor  in  each  colony,  who,  as 
*  bead  of  the  colonial  government, 
M*§  on  UM  adrioe  of  ministers  chosen  from  t  he 
paxlT  or  combination  tha*  majoritv 

of  OM  LsMtadf*  Assembly.    Fiji  is  a  Crown 


oniony  in  which  the  natives  are  governed  parti  v 
bvtjjeir  own  chiefo  according  to  their  tradi- 

latlon.-The  area  of  the 
colonies,  computed   from 
and  their  esUmaled 


tftnoftDse.il. 


are  as  follow: 


popula- 


•1,17*144 


ISlTIt 


I 


WJOOO.  in 


in  1891.  in  New 
8,188  half  castes; 
:  in  QneenslaiML 
m  in  the 


settled  districts  only;  in  Western  Australia 
there  were  5,670  employed  by  whites.  There 
were  18.000  Chinese  in  New  South  Wales  in 
1891,9,877  in  Vi.-tnria.  U.s;  bfa  Australia. 

;u  Queensland,  iama.   The 

M«  are  rapidly  diminishing  since  tt 
tax  on  Chinese  Immigrants  was  rai 
•  Ionics  rxccpt; 
Australia  and  the  north.  : 

ilia,     The  arrival-  n  .:  h  Wales  in 

1898  were  <>nh  :M.  whilr  -V>s  left  the  country. 
The  wages  paid  to  gold  miners  in  Western  Au>- 
tralii  have  attracted  Chinese  Immigrants,  and 
still  more  natives  of  India  and  Afghani-tan. 
The  law  does  not  permit  people  of  colored  races 
to  tun, e  p.ld  on  their  own  account.  The  ( 'him-si- 
in  Queensland  are  mainly  employed  in  the  gold 
mines.  Those  in  tin-  older  colonies  engage 
largely  in  market  gardening.  The  number  of 
Polynesian  contract  labor*  >  n-land  in 

1601   was  9,428.      Th<  ..m    immigration 

into  that  colony  in  1893  was  i.-Ji-j.  and  the  emi- 
gration 1,348;  the  Chinese  immigrati* 
548,  and  the  emigration  5:;i.  In  New  Zealand 
\.\\\  Chinamen  were  resident  in  isjii.  Tin- 
Maori  population  was  22,861  males  and  I:M::J 
«  females.  The  movement  of  population  for  tin- 
several  colonies  in  1898  was  as  follows : 


COLONIES. 


Western  Australia  . 

TMOUUltft. .  . 


nj 


7,74» 

ISA 


848 
4,115 


1  ».::;•  i 


2,112 

IVI16 

18,187 


|«,BM 


4..VJU 

94A 

2,071 

«,7«7 


•."i."  ll 
UM 


.-U4.-, 

11.  4."  > 


•Mia 
MM 


10,412 


*  KXC«M  of  emigrants. 

Finances.— The  budgets  of  the  several  colo- 
nies for  1893,  and  the  state  of  their  debts  for  t  h.« 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1894,  in  New  South 
Wales,  Victoria,  Queensland,  and  Smith  Ant- 
tralia;  March  31,  1893,  in  Western  Australia 
and  Tasmania;  and  Dec.  31,  IK 
land  and  Fiji,  are  shown  in  the  following  table : 


An«tr.ll«. 


»:,; 


8.»4«.0«9 

UMt.TM 


:r,TTi 


A40.801 


• 
M^OIJMO 


Tin-  debts  were  incurred  for  railroad s 

tion  works,  and   similar   public-   irnproveiiient«. 

d«T   settled  colonies  derive  a   lar- 
of  th«'ir  rovonuo  from  railroads,  tramways,  tele- 
graph«.  and  another  large  share  from  th« 
of  ntiblir  lands.     These  lands  are  sold  only  in 
agricultural  homesteads. 

Of  the  revenue  of  New  South  Wnl 
4T9  came  from  taxation,  viz..  L-j.rj7.Ml.",  cus- 
toms,  £265.554  excise,  £811.«:{7  stamp  dutios. 
and  £129.643  licenses;  £2.206.272  wa-  the- 
amr.unt  of  the  land  revenue,  £4,418,434  the 
revenue  from  the  railroads  and  other  servir «. 
and  £247.551  from  miscellaneous  sources.  Of 


the   r\|»-ndilur.-,  il.*l».VM?    w,-nt    f.-r    rm>a»-> 
;'•(*.'    for    |M».U    and    tele- 

ih,  ,,!,»,;».•  .i.i.i.  t.i.i.K',  IB,  iMsjfaRaJft  •,  9899 


-  debt,  £8.106  for  immigration,  £t) 
and  iervioes.    The  aver 


tal  amounts  of  the  loans,  £88, 
057.UU8  had  been  expend 
tramways,  and  the  rest  for  river  and  harbor  im- 

v»af,  r    -'.(  |  .)    ifjd    •  »•  r.i.,-.  .  '          ' 

stena/roadX  bridge*  hMd 
return  from  railroads, 

.,  •  .  • 

i-ina; 

,790  from  a  dun 


provement*,  water  supp 

,,,i,..,,,.  SkUain  >t..r,v 
graiion.  etc.     The  net 


«** 


916  from  the  land  tax. 


188,928  from  duties  on 

..I  |-  rtQOa  f.'-:.;.'"  fr.-ni  ji          - 

100  «*»  *s»l*  *19*8' 


and  f  15.507   : 

nage  duet,  etc.  The  revenue  from  railways  was 
i. •.:•;.•  .>-.  tro*  pom  and  telagfapa^  £86%. 

;  UK).  Of  the  total  expsBdl. 

rasjdX  J.V.I.4IU-,  ta  oata  Befii  iwi-  ITK.  ;  > 
r.r  postal  sjei  talegrapfti  Mrtjea  O4Mi:  '  • 

•xpei f «  r.  aii  :«,,,K  maVntta  pel        • 

.-,,-.  r..  090,181  '  r  ,-,!,:.   charity.  i'198J8i 
for  court*  of  law,  £890,498  for  police  an- 
OM,  ttlflu8tf  brsMtosjj  Hri  barbonL  t1(M  r- 
defenses,  and  £499J90 

f..r  ..Ih.  r    j.Mrj-.-«-.      'Hi-    .1.1-!    |-a\-   uii   ;i\.ru^-. 

interest  of  less  than  4  per  cent ;  £85.805,978  of 
the  total  debt  was  raised  to  construct  railwayo. 
£7.298,488  for  waterworks  1 1.1  «•:,.. v,;  f,.r  sebool 

work*. 

•  he  Queensland  revenue.  £1,085,688  repre- 
sented custom*  duties,  £45.804  excise  and  ex- 
-..752  stamp  duties  158.125  bud- 
mm  Hassjasj,  «::'.:.<'.<rji  r.-nt-  fn-m  pastoral  lees*. 
•x,  £988.582  oil  and  sales. 


£981,068  the  cross  receipts  of  railroads,  and 

'!:' 
exnenditur. 

.».24:i:  f.-r  work- 

'..102,408:    for    post*   and    tele- 
.  £2»6,407 :  £378.077  were  expended  from 


In   S.Mth  AuMralia,  Western  Australia,  and 
Tasmania  alMitit  half  the  revenue  i«»  derived  from 

aid  the  other  half  mainh 
w,.rk«  and  land*,  and  nearly  the  whole 
r  interval  on  the  debt  and  the 
maintenance  imd  operation  of  public  works. 

LIU    £608,687  of    revenue  ws* 
raised  in  1898  by  din  n.  a  laree  part  of 

i  a  tax  of  lA  in  the  pound  on  the  actual 
land  and  on  mortgages,  and  an  ad- 
ditional land  tax  graduated  from   . 

M  were  received  from  indi- 


the  pound 

:iameli 


9989^181 
£179J06 


£790^89; 


lure  from  new  loans  we* 

Atutralasiai 
civilued  oommunities  in  toe  proportion  of 

tram* 

and  all  such  public  terries*  belong  to  the  stair, 

but  the  areas  now  .. 


out  of  a  total  land  area  of 
been  alienated  before  the  close  of  1998.  while 
127,092,070  acres  were  held  under  Una  leases. 
TUi  JaMd  pvoparta  .-  M  ,  >•  .  •  <-  •  •* 

HttlsjBta  fr  ......  v    I  19  .    '-     "•    •      Si     MO 

.-.-i.tral  division  up  to  2JMO  acres, 
at  11  an  acre  for  residents.    A  maximum  of  990 

,    -.  ,     ••     ,        ,-          ,.•         .--.-,          '.,..'      :        ' 


art  .ml  residence  for  IX'  an  ier  this  sys- 

tem most  of  thr  .•ultiiaird  land  has  oome  into 


the  hands  of  farmer*  with  holdinf*  of  lass  than 
500  acres.  «h  are  mostly  owned 

by  the  state  cover  about  one  fourth  of  the  total 


alienated.  15.500.000  acre,  are  leased  for  i 
I'urjMoes.  4.700.000  acre*  are  state 
«atrr  reserves,  1.046.000  acres  are 
land,  and  1.330,000  acres  are  road*.     In 

71  acre*  out  of  a  total  of  578,- 

861.600  acres  have  been  alienated,  29jB90*71 

acres  are  tnctoml.  and  87.-  res  are  held 

895  past  oral  leases.    In  Oueenslend  out 

.f  n  total  area  of  414jM9jK8  acres  11JK17^74 

hnd  U.I.  alienated, 2£7Q,158  wen   in  :- '. 

alienation  on    1  -98.  and   281^16^85 

acres  were  leased  to  8,715  squatter*.  In  thi* 
colony  a  maximum  of  1.280  acres  can  be  leased 
for  agricultural  or  20.000  acres  for  pastoral  pur- 
poses,  and  at  the  termination  of  the  leases, 
'.  run  fifty  and  thirty  year* 

restrictions  of  residence  and  imi 


/.ealand.  where  the  system  of 
values  ha*  recently  been  introduced,  some  large 
areas  have  been  acouired  bv  speculative  ia£. 
>  and  corporatioo*.  The  total  area  is  87,- 


000,000 acre*,  of  which  10.000.0OO  ere  covered  with 
forests,  9.000,000  are  watte  and  water.  1040M08 
are  grass  and  fm>  lands  not  jet  disposed  of  or 


for  pastoral   pu 
the  own. 


private 
pastoral  leases,  which  are  onlv  given 

acquire  the  fee  simple   t-    r> 
Tne  publk  tends  eaabe  bought 
for  cesh  or  tseesd  in  perpet 

'  \.,  i 


can 
Mncte.1  areas. 


duties  and  an  exdai    timated 

-  •  . .  _ . . 


v     ustorns  ciiittes  ana  an  ezosi 

of  railways  and  £892.906  postal  and  telegraph 
,me    from   other  onlinanr 
-:  and  £844.83v?  Htorial  revenue, 

exjienditure.  the  wrvicv 

•4W:  railwsy*.  £794,080:  public 
poete  and  telegraphs. 


The  total 
timated  in  1988  at 


buildings  of  the  state  that  yield  no 
«ue,  £18.671.200  the  HUM  due  the 


Uf9wavaws»  on  psavsssssa  IBOOS,  &OTS.VWVWIV  uw 
public  lands  leased  but  not  sold,  and  £7.218.000 
munici|«al  property,  making  the  sum  total  of  the 


•  i 


AUSTRALASIA. 


MM    'M  "  •  •«    f~  —  «•—     ***  *          • 

...  liriiain  »»v  the  7  Aurtral- 
—  v»— ,-  _  been  estimated  at  £815,000- 
000.00  which  mTWMW  of  interest  was  paid 
in  18K  which  woe  less  than  the  sura  paid  in  the 

CiJai»irc*i  ••<  Production.— The  following 
Use  foreign  and  intercolonial  trade 


of  the 


__  iextrnrt.  £18.825  ;  of  hides  and  skins,  £848,- 
919;  of  pearl  shell,  £142,454. 

Australia    in   1804  there  were  13,- 
618.048  buahels,  compared  with  15.255,000  bu>h.  Is 
toria,  6^07,000  bu>  N-  u    South 

Walc«.and  4.892.000  bushels  in  New  Zralaml. 
The  wine  crop  was  712,845  gallons.  The  copier 
product  was  £208,967  in  value. 

Tasmania  exported  silver  and  silver  ore  of  the 
ralue  of  £158,859;   tl  '~>6;  timber  a»d 

l>ark,  £57^56  :  hops,  £18,948;  fruit,  green  and 
preserved,  £122,188. 

.  Inrf  exports  of  Western  Australia   in 
1898  were,  besides  gold  and  wool,  pmrl  shell  for 
£79.259,  sandal  wood  for  £82,160,  timber  for 
•  1  skins  for  £28,975. 

New  Zealand  has  a  varied  culture,  i-n.-luc  -iii^. 
in  addition  to  wheat,  large  crops  of  oats,  barley, 
and  hay.  The  export  of  grain  and  flour  for  1898 
was  valued  at  £597,829;  of  fm/,  -n  n  i  rat,  £1,085,- 
167;  of  Kauri  gum.  W  10,775;  of  tallow, 
588;  of  timber,  £101,082;  of  hides,  skins,  and 
leather,  £390,640  :  <>f  butter  and  cheese,  £854,- 
271  ;  of  New  Zealand  hemp  or  phonnium 


1     .     ;••:.•    •'. 

MM  was  844.982*76  pounds;  tin    w 
of  Victoria  was  150.802,425  pounds. 


:n  N-w  s.nth  Wales  in 
wool  export 
s,  about  one 

half  being  the  product  of  the  colony ;  the  export 
from  Qneinelind  was  about  107,000,000  pounds ; 
from  Tasmania.  9.000.000  pounds ;  from  West- 
en  Attftm  •  is;  from  South 
Autfralio.  60.000.000  pounds;  from  New  Zea- 
land, 11*160,000  pounds. 

The  gold  product  of  New  South  Wales  for 
1808  was  £651f2H6,nv*lu. 

.V>4 :  for  <jw«ti»land.  £2.159,290 ;  for  Tasmania, 
£181.104;  for  Western  Australia,  £421,885;  for 

Zealand,  £918.188. 

In  New  South  Wales  282,606  tons  of  sugar 
cane.  748*0  gallons  of  wine,  and  800,024  cases 
•  L80i    TI..V  ..  :.,-,v 


not  hoa  a  forest  conservation  deportment  since 
1887  which  looks  after  5.148^00iKis  of  forests, 
from  which  196,114.000  square  feet  of  saw, 
bar  wot  token  In  1808.    Thevalueof  the  silver 
ettver-tead  ore  and  metal  raised  in  1808  was 

f  copper.  £78.287;  of  tin.  £126 
IM  qmaatitv  of«2M^7M88  tons. 

In  Victoria  wheat  and  other  cereals  and  root 
ems  are  more  extensively  cultivated  than  in 

>-«th  Wale*  and  the  manufacturing 
eats  ore  larger.    The  export  of  breadstuffs  was 
vatoed  in  llM  at  Slflffjin ;  leather  and  leath- 
er fooda,  £218.436 :  refined  eogar,  £99^97. 

QaMniland  in  1808  exported  tin  of  the  value 
of  £10tJMi.ond  silver  and  silver  lead  of  the 
rmlue  of  £4*408.  The  product  of  raw  sugar 

**  ^^JSi-^^L!?  "?^^- 

at  £758JB88;   of  preserted  and  salted 
£141JM8;  of  frozen  meat,  £877,089;  of 


875  ;  of  preserved  meat  and  bacon,  £52,N 
grass  seed,  £57,544. 

Communications.—  The  length  of  the  rail- 
road lines  in  the  Australian  colonies  at  the  end 
of  1893  was  as  follows:  New  South  Wales,  2,501 
miles;  Victoria,  2,975  ;  Queensland.  -J,:{?1»  ;  South 
Australia,  1,810;  Western  Australia,  1.184;  Tas- 
mania, 475;  total,  11,324  miles.  In  N.-w  Xealand 
there  were  2,112  miles  open  on  March  31,  1894, 
including  164  miles  of  private  lines. 

The  telegraph  system  in  all  the  colonies  be- 
longs to  the  Government.  The  lines  of  New 
South  Wales  in  1893  had  27,326  miles  of  win-  : 

•••ria  there  were  7,105  miles  of  lin< 
14,220  miles  of   wire;    in    Queensland,   10,004 
miles,  with  17,810  miles  of  wire;  in  South  Aus- 
tralia, 5,546  miles,  with  13,082  miles  of  win  :  in 
Western  Australia,  3,578  miles,  with  4,303  miles 
of  wire;  in  Tasmania,  2,187  miles,  wild 
miles  of  wire,  besides  366  miles  of  cable  ;  in  New 
Zealand,  5,518  miles,  with  13,515  miles  of  wire. 
Thi-   number  of  dispatches  sent  in   181» 
2,858,691  in  New  South  Wales,  2,476,178  in  Vic- 
toria,  1,104,311   in   Queensland   (1892),  2S 
in  Western  Australia.  -J'  >:.:,!»  l  in  Tasmania,  and 
2,069,691  in  New  Zealand. 

The  postal  traffic  for  1898  was  as  follows:  In 
New  South  Wales,  77,540.500  letters,  850,420  post 
cards,  68,702  parcels,  12,060,600  packets,  4 
900  newspapers,  and  5:t0.546  money  order-:  in 
Victoria,  62.526,448  letters,  7,491.316  packets, 
and  22.T2Ji.005  newspapers;  in  Queensland,  16,- 

;  let  tors,  67,487  parcels,  8,925,415  IK. 
and  10.545,485  newspapers:  in  -  'ralia, 

16.597.JUT  letters,  1.402,540  pookeK  and  8,909,- 


5.555.641   letters,  166,828  post  cards,  1.399.973 
pockets,  and  4.231,868  newspapers;  in  Nc 


-.2,085.449  letters,  2,607,110  post  cards,  14,- 
478.985  books  and  parcels,  19,556,030  newspapers, 
and  210,957  monev  orders. 

Navigation.—  the  number  of  vessels  and  the 
tonnage  entered  and  cleared  at  the  ports  of  the 
several  colonies  during  1893  are  shown  in  the 
following  table: 


AUSTRALASIA. 


Sr, 


that  the  elaboration  of 

Should    DOC    br 


should  give  it  tbrtr  direct  mo***.  They 


•  1^  —       IfcOwitWvfte    Itf^       A*      I        ill        f  I         • 

should  be  convened,  iu  memb 


iToMII  rsessss,oi  LlOUttW    \     •  na  III 


of  «,: 

ttJOft  tons;  Western  Australia,  i:,7  ..™^w 

5JB99  tons ;  Tasmania,  226  vessels,  of  19,41*' 

New  /rain 

I.I.  .  .it  ion.— The  first  legal 
federal  u  he  Austral- 

*..*!.  eolonisj  **-  ,»,,.  oreatfca  at  .-.  Men] 
Council  as  the  rwult  raolonial  •• 

ence.  An  enabling  act  having  been  obtained 
from  the  Imperial  Parliament,  all  the  ooloniff, 
with  the  exception  of  New  South  Wale*. 

to  the  I  ,.1,-ral  «  ....iicil.  whiclb  in.  t  at  Hobart, 
Tasmania.  111  January.  I8N6.  A*  ration 

South  Australia  was  represented  also.  The 
Council  m  a  purely  deliberative  body,  with  no 
power  to  legist**  .-  mat  ten 

lonial    parliaments,      Th«  which   has 

justify 

tence  except  as  a  symbol  of  a  more  com- 
tion.    A  conference  of  represent 

Australasian  colonies,  held  at  Mel- 
bourne  in  February,  1890,  resolved  in  fa\ 

il  Australasian  convention  empowered  to 
consider  and  report  upon  an  adequate  scheme 
for  a  federal  const  it  til  ion.  Tin  ri  was 

approved    by     the    colonial    lc- 
ejected  delegates,  7  from  each  colony  except 
N 

met  at  Sydney  on  March  2,  1891.  and  drafted 
a  eommonwealtl  i  plan  for 

the  union   of  the  colonies  under  a  goveroor- 
general.  and  a  federal  parliament,  con-i-1 
a  senate  and  a  pn^-ntnt 

responsible  ministry  and   a   federal    judiciary. 
its  to  be  submit!.. I  to  the  colonial  legis- 
r  the  action  of 
I'arliami  i 

i '  irliaiiient  and  fussed 
'•.ou«e.  with  some  amendment*.     In 

.-«  its  main  principle-  r. 

the  sanction  of  u*th  h-n-  1898. 

It  was*  i'  at  various  tinier  in   th- 

an-1   thev  have  delaved  forming  a 
.hit ion.    'The   ardent'  advocate*  of 

ttrliamentary  method  of  procedure 
•  ••  of  result*, 'orfniniietl  in   l««  an 
Australatiian  Federation  I^-ainn*.  which  in  Janu- 
wnnl  a  new  programme.     The 
in    brnnch  of    the  league  proposed  that 
the    constitution    of    the    federation   S    -    i    '. 
drafted  by  a  popular  convention  and  subt 
to  the  direct  vote  of  the  people  of  the  coloniea. 
iles  federationists  agreed 
VOL.  xxxv.— 5  A 


•ambers  to  be  el 
by  the  colonial  parliamenta.  and  to  this  body  of 

?•  should  be  it 
ofworfcing  out  the  detail,  of  the  Constitution  to 

t  •  •  the  electors  of  the  colonies 
A  conference  of  the  premiers  of  all  the  Ana- 
tralasian  colonies  met  on  Jan.  29.  1896.  .. 
bait,  where  the  Federal  Council  was  hold 
session,  to  consider  the  beat  means  to  bring 
about  federation.    They  approved  the  simpler 
t  ions  Victorian  plan.    Declaring 
that  thev  regarded  federation  as  the  creat  and 
piws^qMsioi  n.  asjstnlsjsa  ,-  /.  v  ••,, 

..,     .    „, 

representative*  of  each  colony  shall  be  directly 
chosen  by  the  electors  and  be  charged  * 
duty  of  framing  a  federal  constitution;  that 

ution  so  framed  be  sobmittr«i 
electors  for  acceptance  or  rejection  by  direct 
that  such   constitution,  if  accepted  by 
three  or  more  colonies,  shall  be  submitteUto  the 
Queen  with  an  address  from  the  peill  isjiili  of 
the  colonies,  praying  for  the 
tive  enactment ;  and  that  a  bill  be 
the  parliament  of  each 

When  three  or  mor 


their  members  to  the  convention,  the  governor* 
of  those  coloniea  shall  summon  the  conven- 
tion. The  members  shall  be  elected  under  the 
ordinary  elective  franchise  for  members  of  the 
Legislative  Assembly.  When  a  constitution 
shall  have  been  framed,  the  convention  shall 
a«ljouni  for  thirty  to  aixty  days  to  allow  iu  pro- 
visions to  be  criticised,  and  then  reassemble  for 
iU  final  adoption.  It  shall  then  be  referred  to 
the  direct  vote  of  the  electors,  and  if  it  is  ac- 
cepted by  as  many  as  three  colonies  they  shall, 
u'  the  sanction  of  the  Imperial  Gov- 

«mn.^.,»        /     .^l.vitVi      A««aKl;«k     •     f-.l-J-j       ,      -  ,  -- 

erniiieiii.   lonnwiin   rwaoiivQ  •  imvnM  gwww* 

Provision  is  made  for  the  entrance  of 

Zealand  into  the  federation. 
Th.- 


tion  in  favor  of  proceeding  with  the 
ation  of  the  commonwealth  bill  by  the  Anstrala- 

which  Sir  John 


sian  |varliamenU.the 
^t.  Premier  of  W. 

adopted  also  n 
eral 


The 


companies,  the  fed- 
•  >r  Kian  subscriptions,  and 
the  establishment  of  a  federal  quarantine. 

Womanhood  Suffrage.- In  New  Zealand 
women  were  admitted  to  the  parliamentary 
franchise  in  1896.  A  European  of  either  sex 
ne  years  of  agv  has  the  right  to 

.:   ^    .,'.-,- 


vote  if  qualified  by 

ami  three  months  in  the  district  before 
rv,nst ration,  or  by  the  poasessi. 
estate  of  the  value  of  £35.    Womei 
can  not  be  members  of  either  branch 
Legislature  in  this  colony.    On  Jan.  15.  1898, 

ci*lature  of  South  Australia  Biassed  the 
adult  suffrage  bill,  which  not  only  confers  upon 


M 


\1>TK  A!.\>1.\. 


the  right  to  vote,  bat  permits  them  to 
1'ariiaWt.U     la 

was  organised  by 

.aad  other  ladies  in 

"  over  the 


_  and  to  test  the  srnim 
meat  m  the  hope  of  u-u.i;  able  < 

(the  word  -meS-  from  the  electoral  re- 
bill  the«  pending,  he  offered  a  mot 
favor  of  fseaale  suffrage.    There  ware  57  votes 
again 

fiYiileiil  from  voting.    In  the  session  of  1894- 
•tovad  a  resolution  that  the 

Pr 

pnsBtml  to  give  effect  to  the  desire  of  Parlia- 
meat  in  a  bill  to  be  brought  forward  in  the  next 

Maw  Swath  Wal«L— The  members  of  the 
(^•laliv*  Council,  of  whom  there  are  M,  are 
appoiUti!  by  the  drown  for  life.  The  I 

the  electoral  law  of  June 
as  many 
subject 


r.     -.        .     ::. 


tod  a  year  in  the  colony  and  throe 
in  his  district  is  entitled  to  rote.    Alien 
can  obtain    naturalization    after  a 
of  tire  Tears.    The  plural  and  non- 
formerly  possessed  by  owners 
•  .-,  ibotKsd    Ktnbtn  r- 


osive  a  salary  of  £300,  Bach  Parliament,  unless 
previously  dissolved,  lasts  three  years.  The 

;       f     I-..',     -ias     -vr 

Robert  William  Duff,  appointed  May  29,  1898. 
After  his  death  Vboount  Hampden,  son  of  the 
farmer  Speaker  of  the  British  House  of  Com- 
mons.  Sir  Henry  Brand,  was  appointed. 

The  Cabinet  constituted  Aug.  2,  1894,  con- 
sisted  of  the  following  members:  Premier  and 
Treasurer.  George  Houston  frid :  •  ),;.f  Secre- 
lanr.  James  Nixon  Brunker;  Attorney-General, 
John  Henry  Want ;  Secretary  f 
Heetor  Carruthrr* :  Secretary  for  Public  Works. 
Bury  Young;  Minister  of  Public  In. 
Jacob  Oarrard;  Postmast 


Joseph  Cook ;  Secretary  for  Mines  and  Agricul 

-     ,        -  M  •,--.r,,f.i  ...       . 


%  Albert 

•e- President  of  the  Executive 
Govacil  and  Representative  of  the  Government 
to  the  Legislative  Council,  William  ILnrv 


elections    of   1804   con- 
protective    tariff,    of    win 
was  the  author,     \f--r    Parlia- 
m  February.  1805.  a  inoti..n 


of  wmot  of  ooosVleoce  was  rejected  by  60 

•   •     .. 
•istaineii   the  Government,    They   influenced 

.       M.illr, 

dsjeW the saUry  of  the  (. 
to  Ojm.  following  the  example  set 
tnrian  Lagislatare.  was  carried  bv  their  votes. 
This  bilUh*  LagWative  Council  <!id  not  imme- 
diatdy  reieet,  as  was  tipected.  hut  it  was  laid 
oa  the  ta&e.    Mr.  Reid  stated  that  the  extra 
allowanw  of  £8.000  would  be  aboli.h-, i  in  any 

general  of  the  colony  to  London  shou'l7"h  "id 
the  offlce  longer  than  five  years.    An  act  was 
nposing  penalties  on  both  masters  and 


if  employees  work  more  than  eight  hours  a 
day.      The  (Jovrnimciit.   tuloptin^   the 

..•II      (l|l|Mlil||(Mi       In      III- 

«juir.-   into   the   civil   Mrviot,  proposing  that    the 

i-ontml  over  it  >honl«l  IK-  vested  in  a  board  free 
from  all  ininiMrrial  inllu-  :..  •  .  I'-liiioil  |>;it- 
ronage  would  be  entirely  swept  away,  and  re- 
forms carried  out  in  the  depart menU  thai  would 
save  the  treasury  £250,000  a  y<ai.  N  m«  ma- 
ii'iiixnn^  to, .k  place  over  a  local  p>\ '  nnm-nt 
lull.  Afi«-r  tln>  (tovrriiinriit  had  inserted  a  pn>- 
.  taxation  on  iiiiiiiipruvrd  land 
values.  Mr.  K«-id  inovcil  an  aiiirndinrnt  apply- 
ing tlii-  principle  t<>  newly  cn-alcil  innn; 
ties  only.  He  was  bitter! v  attack (>d  ii\-  h 

Mip|M>rtiTS,  and  the  ainendinent  was  defeated  Ity 

•ion    juiiicil    the 

party  to  vote  for  extending  to  iniinieipal 
election^  tM  principle  of  on.-  man  one  v«.ie. 
Tin1  Premier  (leinanded  that  this  action  should 
be  rescinded,  and  the  (Jovcrninent  was  defeated 
by  5  votes,  l»m  did  not  resign,  as  the  bill  was 
dropped.  A  liill  enacted  l.y  the  Asseinld 
in^  drastic  powers  to  a  board  to  deal  with*  lal>or 
disputes  between  masters  and  men  was  vetoed 
by  the  almost  unanimous  vote  of  the  CounHI. 
The  policy  of  the  Government  was  revealed  in 
the  exceedingly  democratic  budget,  which  al- 
tered entirely  the  incidence  of  taxation,  exempt- 
ing the  working  class  from  almost  every  Imrden. 
Sir  Henry  I'arkcs.  though  supported  \<\  Sir 
George  Dibbs  and  the  Protectionists,  objected 
in  vain  to  making  important  fiscal  chaiu 
til  federation  was  an  accomplished  fu<  i.  The 
old  leader  of  the  Free  Traders  found  only  three 
of  his  followers  willing  to  enter  into  this  un- 
natural compact,  and  consequently  his  motion 
of  want  of  confidence  was  defeated  i  ; 
to  34.  The  ad  valorem  and  the  specific  duties 
of  the  Dibbs  tariff  were  repealed.  To  provide 
the  amount  of  revenue  thus  sacrificed,  amount- 
ing to  £554,000,  a  land  tax  of  \d.  in  the  p<  und 
was  imposed,  which  was  estimated  to  lu-in-  in 

100,000,  and  an  income  tax  of  Qd  in  the 
|Hiund,  which  would  yield  £108,000.  Properties 
under  ii?~>  in  value  were  exempted  from  the 
land  tax.  An  extra  tax  of  20  per  cent,  was 
levied  on  absentee  landlords,  which  would  alT-  •  t 
about  8,000  of  the  larger  landowners  who  live 
in  Kuroj)c  on  the  revenues  of  their  Australian 
estates.  Incomes  under  .1*300  we  re  exempted 
from  the  income  tax.  The  only  permanent 
tariff  will  be  duties  on  spirituous  drinl 

Ahich    were    fixed    at    the    following 
rates:   Spirits.  14*.  a   gallon:   sparkling  wines. 
:  other  win.-.  .  !»,/.  a 

gallon;  tobacco  for  home   consumption,  30.  a 
pound  :    unmanufactured  tobacco,   i 
and   cigarettes,  6*. ;  opiiu-  ,.     <(.,•( -jfic 

duties  on  kerosene,  candles.  ;,nd  other  i: 
that  w.  >.v  the  former   1-Yee-irad- 

ernment  wen-  retained  for  twelve  months,  after 
which  they  will  be  gradually  reduced  and  finally 
abolished  a!  .  The  dir 

will  be  retained   for  two  years,  and  then 
ually  removed  by  annual* reductions 

nated   revenue    for    1»-.V. 

£9.118,337     and     the     e-timat"d     expenditure 
£9.002.153.    The  Premier  proposed  to  amalga- 
mate the  two  savings  banks  which  have  «j  ; 
000  of  deposits,  into  a  state  bank  that  shall  be 


At  N-IKM    \M  A 


.rik  of  iwue.     ' 

nation  of  tbeli 

'.•*|,on,l 

••  other  colonies.     For  the 

till. at-  -I    If 


out 


tha 


mjti    M,       f  .-    i  -  >    I!    .    •..  •       I    •      r.    -    H    Hi 

Ijrsmrto    on  tneipwnd  thai  it  wasaii  insult. 

t!,,    •!,-.  IV,,.  MM*   »»     ..•-.•         .. 


.   win.  h    l..- 

••lu-  rv  venu 


f..r  iNlkVlMwiu 

,        •.-;!.  .Ml    l.-.v, 

in  the  As- 


lali-l  U\  bill,  tli.-   !.,-_ 

UM  bill  for  assessing  the  hi 

by  m  i 

that  th.-  Administration  wa 

»  lation.  and  had  VMM 


•MM   In  M, 

-   lull  and   the 
mil  tin 

id  income  tax. 

:  ,*d*      III   ! 

il  if  it 


not  respect  the  right  of  the  lower  house  to 
Bhaiie  the  system  of  taxation  to  accord  with  the 
will  of  the  electors  and  tax;  untry. 

then  the  parliamentary  n  A..i,ld  have 

, 

the  minister  could  api'ly  f 

M  his 
successor  had  not  yet  arrived.    Moreov. 

MI*  unwiii  isional 

»  bridge  over  the" ci  i  .1  «lifll- 

rulty.  n.-r  could  he  be  sure  that  the  In 

tnent,  however  anxious  for  free  trade, 
nnprovc  In-  radical  changes  in  taxation 
met  <>f  tln>  desperate  opposition  of  the 
and  landholdmi:  mt.-r.-t    unless  ) 
• .-  mandat 

annonnoeti  the  dissolut i»n  of  th<-  House  and  at 
the  fain  scheme  for  the  reformation  of 

drad- 

\  :  In*  Ix^ri*l«tM«-  <  'oiin- 

cil  will  consist  nominated  for 

rejfanlinjr  appropriation   bilh  must 
rest  with  the  Assembly,  but  in  loan  and  taxa- 
tion lull*  the  upjH  r  house  may  pr«|«iM>  amend- 
ments, which  will   fail   onlaai  they  are  subse- 
v  acrt.pt..  v    bill 

that  bai  biH-n  vet.*..i  1  will  pass 


Apnmves  it  apiin  in 
\t  session  nn-1  H  \  their  a*- 

5«Mit  in  :i  r.-f.-n-n.liim  tak<  n  in  the  following  re* 
eess.    1 

j»h«r|"  •  Itu.-tjfH  jn.i 

an  !i|  :  bill  and  in  a  bill  .1-. 

l««an  «>f  r.ViimjMi  if  it  -hould  ln*«s>iiir  n-i-waainr 
MI  of  thr  l*n'inirr  thn»wn  under 
the  table  it*  an  invasion  of  tin*  he  As- 

M> in  1  •  1  alone  dissent injr.  and 

when 
Council  was  submitted  to  that  chamber  it  re- 


rJulvft 
rll.»MH 
iutiM  with  a  land  tax 

tax    JrVIrd    ..II   Ilir    v, 


July  S  and 


I  r..     Ira.:-  •-.  *•,.   f    .,  *.   :    —     j:,  ....     r.-..  | 

The  fiscal  scheme  was  nullified  br  the  refusal  of 
the  Legislative  Council  to  pass  the  measures  re- 

Vet,     In  A 

f»un«  r  mier  announced  a  programme 

'  upper  chamber.  whereby 

irmbership  akx»li*bed  and  a  smv 

pensive  veto  substituted  for  the  &!•-•. utr  veto. 

ibor  partv  wntt   further.  d«-tnand ing  that 

the  LegUativ.  .i.,|. 

::.:.•'.;.;,-..  ,  .        •    •- 

«m*Mt  when  the  two  bouse*  dieagr. 

The  appeal  to  the  constituencies  resulted  in  a 
victory   for  •  rnment,  with   ti..-   l*bor 

party  holding  the  balance  of  power.    TI 
Mtortalists  in  the  new  Assembl> 

the  followers  of  Sir! 
i-nry  I'arkes,  n 

and  the  UU>r  n-prt^nt  alive*  tt. 
The  new  Parliament  was  opened  on  Aug.  IS. 

-ul  introduce!  in  tl 

a  bill  for  reforming  that  body,  and  in  the  other 

chamber  a  free-trade  budget  and  a  bill  for  es- 

taxation.    The  reformed  Conn. 

to  consist  of  60  members,  appointed  for 

five  yean,  with  chance  of  rt-api-.intment.    The 

land  and  income-tax  sssiiesmint  bill  pamed  the 

Assembly  on  Aug.  M  by  &  vote*  to 

25.    The  Legislative  CouttUtv^ed  the  bm  by 

54  votes  agaTnat  *4.  and  the  bt 

form  by  Wrote*  against  i 

Victoria 

bers  must  possess  an  estate  of  £100  annul 
and  electors,  unless  they  belong  to  the  learned 
professions,  must  own  real  property  rated  at 
£10  a  year  or  occupy  leased  or  rented  property 


.  ratable  value.    The  LegiskUtt 
.H  95  memhrr*.  elected  ft-r 
Nt»l  manhood  suffrage.    Their  pay  in  IM 
was  cut  ill  i  w  n  from  £800  to  ft  10  a  year. 

m  the  beginning  of  1885  was 
«-toun.  appointed  in  1HW.    He 
retired  in  April  and  was  succeeded  by   Lord 


The'  Cabinet   in  the  beginning  of  18M  was 

oomposed  of  the  following  members:  Premier 

(ieom  Turner;  Atlorner-Oeii- 

eral.  I^aar  I  Mam;  Sdicitor*Genrral  an.l  ^linis- 

mnm> 

tkmtr  of  Trailr  and 
Board  of  Und  and  Work*,  at 

•  n  Und.  and  Surrey.  R.  W.  Beat;  Min- 

Minea 
and  Water  Supply.  II.  F- 

ner;  Minister  of  Ka 
.ms:  without  portfolio*  A.  lie  Lean 
.  MH  ulloch. 

he  Government  had  to  deal 
question  of  reducing  expenditure  and 
increasing  revenue  so  as  to  escape  from  the 
chronic  deficit  caused  here,  as  in  the  other  colo- 


and 


r  the  falling  off  of  r*2«WPlOO«s»o.uent 
•pan  t*»  finaadaJ  cffcb  of  189*  and  especially 
uTthediainetioti  of  Mi r»*l««v  rv^.pts  which 
Wl  far  iKS?  llT  loans  reta*  In  OreSl blnu... 
totmiU  tb»r<~U  Th.  LegWetuw »cut  down 
i»w  ,  -*--*--  nf  mtni^fni  M««i  nthar  officials  MM 

. 

vatsd  to  r*f«*»   the  Governor*  salary   from 


.    .. 


After  Uie  appointment  of 

one  of  the  chief  founders  of  the 
minixtry  had 
to  C7.00a  The  Labor  per 
in  the  A-rmbly.  rebelled  akminst 
mlirrV  -alaries.  and  when  a 


redaction  to  C*X>  had  been  voted  they  joined 
Apposition  to  block  the  bill  and  car- 


With  the 

the  Governm 

the  Labor  party 
was  not  thought  of,  the 
Presmfer  djJ  not  resign,  but  •rranged  a  compro- 
saist  on  the  Question  of  salaries.  A  land  and 
tooosii  In  bill  was  passed  by  the  Assembly. 
The  Council  showed  Its  determined  opposition 
»i  on  land  by  defeat  ing  thin  bill  bv  a  large 
tax  was  revived,  wit  h  a 


.      ' 


.•id  the  bill 

Parliament  was  prorogued 
on  Jan.  tt.  to  meet  again  on  May  89.  Aboard 
eppomt*«l  to  consider  the  revision  of  the  tariff 
rted  in  favor  of  moderate  protection,  but 
lemned  high  or  pr..h>bit.ve  duties. and  found 
the  duties  that  had  been  levied  to  foster 
indesfrins  had  become  a  burden  on  the  com- 
munity. The  board  advised  making  wine  free 
of  duty,  and  proposed  reductions  in  the  duties 
on  woolen*,  wine  and  spirits,  sugar,  boots,  hats, 
soap,  candles,  carriages,  biscuits,  jewelry,  bicy- 
cles, farm  implements,  stationery,  and  many 
other  articles.  Commissioners  were  appointed 
to  consider  the  Question  of  establishing  a  state 
bank.  Another  boaitl  studied  the  management 
of  the  railroads  with  the  view  of  lessening  the 
annual  deficit  A  committee  of  public  accounts 
was  created.  Subjects  of  legislation  proposed 
were  the  safeguarding  of  trust  funds;  the  set- 
tlement of  fanners  upon  Mallee  lands:  the 
amendment  of  the  law  regarding  companies; 
an  amsndmimt  of  the  Constitution  establishing 
the  principle  of  one  man  one  vote,  and  another 
to  fartlitate  the  settlement  of  differences  be- 
tween the  two  houses  of  the  Legislature:  the 
eonstruction  of  new  railroad*  on  the  lines  of  a 
report  of  the  standing  committee :  an  amend- 
ment of  the  factories  act  intended  to  check  the 
sweating  syvtem;  encouragement  of  the  estab- 
lishment of  mgar  factories  for  the  development 
of  the  cultivation  of  the  sugar  beet,  for  whi. h 
several  districts  were  found  to  be  admirably 
saiuvl :  the  encouragement  of  the  production  of 
vnlnahle  oil  and  fiber  plant*;  the  proroot: 
thr  t  mde  to  froaen  meat ;  the  removal  of  defects 
t  ho  better  regulation 
"  it  ions.  The 
revision  of 

The  duty  on  Australian  tobacco  was 
twl:  that  on  cigarettes  raised  from 
•  on  sugar  and  spirits  re- 
duced, bat  not  thoee  on  wine  and  beer;  the  tariff 
on  machinery  was  made »  per  cent ;  the  duty 
on  woolens  wms  fixed  at »  per  cent  for  the  first 
year  and  tS  per  cent,  after  thai.  The  revised 
tariff  goes  into  force  on  Jan.  1, 189ft. 


we  ma*  in  rrotrn  meat :  the  removal  of  di 
!•  the  insolvency  law :  and  th-  better  regnl 
and  maintenance  of  chunubl.  „ 
eMsf  bnsines*  of  the  sfssiun  was  the  revisfc 


The  revenue  of  the  colony  for  the  „ 

•  ';.;I'.M.M.  The  onstomi  re- 
ceipts showed  an  increase  of  £92,450  m >d  tin  in- 
land revenue  one  of  £126,994,  which  was  chi.-tly 
due  to  the  income  tax.  There  was  a  decline  iii 
the  land  r-  '1  in  fees,  and  the  i 

from  public  works  fell  ,,lT  I'UM.Wtt.     The  deficit 
f..r  the  year  was  about  I' 120.000. 

(Queensland. —  The  legislative  power 
Tested  in  a  Legislative  Couneil  of  U7  members 
nominated  for  life  and  a  Legislative  Assembly 
of  73  members  elected  by  the  votes  of  all  adul't 
males  i|tialificd  by  a  six  months'  roj.lenec. 
property  and  leaseholders  have 
plural  votes  wherever  their  prop.  i-:\  j-  situated. 
Member*  Oi  the  Assembly  are  i 
and  their  traveling  expenses.  The  Governor  in 
the  beginning  of  1895  was  Sir  Henry  \V\lie 
Norman,  appointed  in  December.  1888. 

The  ministry  in   the  beginning  of  1895  was 
composed  as  follows:    Premier,    Vi 
of  the   Kxecutive  Council,  and  Colonial  Treas- 
urer, Hug!,  -"ii  :  On 
Secretary  for  Railways, Sir  Thomas  M«  Ilwraith  ; 
Minister  of  Lands  and   Agriculture,  A.  II.  I'.H 
low;  Postmaster-General,  A.  J.  Thynne; 
tary  for  Mines,  Secretary  for  Public  Won 
Secretary  for  Public  Instruction,  Kolwrt  Philp: 
Colonial  Secretary,  H.  Tozer  ;  A 1 1  <  .mey-General, 
T.J.Byrne;  without  portfolio.  \\ .  B.WHsoo. 

Legislation.— In  March,  Sir  Thomas  Me  Il- 
wraith resigned  his  offices,  while  remaining  in 
the  Cabinet  as  minister  without  portfol 
M.  Nelson,  Premier  and  Colonial  Treasurer,  be 
came  Chief  Secretary  and  Treasur 
Philp  became  Secretary  for  Railways  as  well  as 
Secretary  for  Mines  and  Works;  and  David  Day 
Dalrymjplc  entered  the  Cabinet  as  Secretary  for 
Public  Instruction.  The  Government  has  made 
arrangements  with  steamship  owners  for  the 
carriage  of  frozen  produce  to  Europe,  and  also 
f'T  the  bringing  of  English  and  German  immi- 
grants at  about  as  low  a  rate  as  the  passage  to 
the  United  States.  Parliament  assembl 
June  25.  The  revenue  for  the  year  end  ing  .June 
80  was  £3,413,000,  showing  an  increase  in  m>- 
toms  and  railway  receipts.  The  expenditure  was 
£3,308,000.  The  Government,  in  view  of  this 
decided  improvement  in  the  public  finances. 
contemplated  a  renewal  of  reproductive  public 
works  as  far  as  possible,  without  having  recourse 
to  a  new  loan. 

sont  h  \ iM ralln,— The  Legislative  Council 
has  24  members,  who  are  elected  for  nine  years, 
by  male  citi/ens  having  freehold  property  or  a 
leasehold  of  £20  annual  value.  The  Legislative 
Assembly  is  composed  of  .71  members  elected 
for  three  years  by  universal  manhood  suffrage. 

The  Karl  of  Kintore's  tenure  of  office  as  Gov- 
ernor ceased,  and  he  left  the  colony  on  .Ian.  1 7. 

The  ministry  in  the  beginning  of  1895  was 
composed  as  follows:  Premier  and  Attorney- 
General,  C.  C.  Kingston  :  Chief  Secretary.  J.  II. 
Gordon;  Treasurer,  I-1.  \V.  Holder:  Commis- 
sioner of  Crown  Lands,  P.  P.  (iill.-n;  Commis- 
sioner of  Public  Works  J.  G.  Jenkins:  Minister 
of  Education  and  Agriculture,  J.  A.  Cockburn. 

Let  I  Mat  Ion.— The  Parliament  met  on  June 
0.  It  considered  bills  for  consolidating  the  pub- 
li-  debt,  granting  credit  to  facilitate  advances 
to  producers,  and  the  extension  of  public  works. 


4UBTRALA8LL 


the 


Ta»»aala.— The 
A*M*mbly,  of  whom 


i  U-.-n  mad.-  «:• 
r  Iry ,  oats,  horses,  and  hops  are 
iirtsingi  for  a  similar 
uth  Australian  wine,  olive  oil. 


a  uecrease  :u,  wnica  left  a  defi- 

.-ar  of  at 
A  reciproci 

lece  granted 

».    \ustralla.— The  Legislative' 

ril  hn  >H*rs,  elected   for  six  yen 

owners    of    land    worth    i'lOO. 

' 

..Mr  William  <  .  |\ 

•tig 

M  1805  was  composed  as  fol 
rvasurcr.  « 

OonunMoM   of    Land..    \.  i:.   rUdMrdson; 
Mustard  PnMk  Wort*  n.  w  \.:.;..  M  ;,~ 

fcj  lot  Kines  an<  1  Kdu,  ««,'„,.  r..  ii.  w,n,-i,r  « 


June  35.  The  Government  presented  bill,  f.-r 
establishing  a  •• 

laws,  reducing  taxation  on  the  neoeesarie*  of  hf.\ 
JBprovfesfl  "•••  postal  sjsjd  ••  :•  mpt  •  M  fc  •  I,  MM 
organising  public  sanitation.    The  revenue  for 
£   s.,r.,.'     ,  >  ,       :..    i  .    u  --"I"     ,      :. 
ansjtoJ  MtUMowtiM  previoni  few, 

in, 

ned  to  be  made  in  IWtt.     A  party 

an  enormous  ledge  of  rich  quartz  ion  miles  be- 

>..nd  »  botaardk   <  am.-  Inj ntt  '  vftb  th  ns> 

live*  and  killed  a  great  number,  and  w  h.-n  thry 
r.-iiirned  they  were  arrested  for  manslau 
Prospectors  suffered  greatly  for  lack  of  water, 
and  many  were  unable  to  procure  sufficient  f.«-d 
at  the  high  prices  prevailing.     Good  rainfalls 
cave  murh  relief,     Immigrants  were  am* 
May  at  the  rate  of  500  a  week.    The  exi 

ounces.  The  South.-™  Cross  and  oth.-r  mining 
companies  declared  large  dividends.  In  order 
to  develop  the  reefs  that  have  been  found  in 
great  nun.  Coolgardie  district,  some 

of  which  are  found  to  be  exceedingly  rich,  near 
the  surface  at  least,  water  will  have  to  be  sup- 
pli-.i.    On  some  <>ft) 
to  obtain  water  for  boilers  or  stamps,  a 

.  »li.-r.-  i  as  been  put  up.  it  hat 

to  be  purchased  at  the*  price  of  6  shillings  and 
upward  per  100  gallons.  Surface  storage  ressr- 

... certain  rainfall  and  the  porous  soil  and 
rapid  evaporation.  The  Government  has  set 
apart  a  *um  of  money  to  be  devoted  to  boring 
artesian  wells  in  various  parts  of  the  gold 

fl.-ld.   though   the    geological 

formation 

mite,  whirh  never  has  been  known  to  con- 
in  wator.     If  this  plan  fail*,  water  will  hav.- 
to  be  pumned  84«  miles  from  Swan  river,  whirh 
can  gi  -r  tho 

ore  must  be  collected  and  carried  by  railroad  to 
tin-  n\,-r.  or  «M*a  wator  must  be  brought  in  pipes 

pumped  to  an  elevation  of  1.500  fort. 


ander  a  proper 

thai 


'  •-.  Lftjlejej  • 
are  S7.  ere  sleeted 



than 

I  in 
The  ministry  in  the  beginning  of  1896  was 

:    ,      '    .     ,         i-     •     .-      -     I       S     •  . 

mi  Chief  Secretary.  W  Trens- 

r  of  Lands  and  Works.  A.  J 
ly. 

l^fi.L.t,...,        IWh.t..rl,t.«nk*WMOnSMd 

i  35.  had  little  to  consider  except  Bnan- 
cial  matter*.    The  Treasur  «i  to  avoid 

the  necessity  of  fresh  taxation  by  curtailing  ex- 
psnm  in  various  departments.   The  year's  ao- 

;.--.,.•.    -•       '       '-•-..•.•, 

deficiency  enta.l,  d  Urn  previo. 

•  N-.       A    d    »*         .    •       '     ttl Si    HjHI 

<  •  tit .  WM  proposed,  repayable  in  five  years.  The 
metal  production  of  /Si  was  £W0.6oo.  a  lane 
orerthe  previous  year.  The  Premier  oV 


sired  to  arrange  a  treaty  of 
with 

Jand.-The  General  Assembly  con- 
sists of  two  chambers.     The  Lnjbla 

tfsjfl    eVMnn^nn^nl    t\f    ^T    ffns*ffnlM»ra.     InAnnvflnsV    tftfca>lf^   nWsM^M 

for  nW0o  TMn,  uont  tbow  who  werr  n\ppoi0t* 

,,i  besVm8ep4  i:  fin,  vfcei  "•  km  •«  '  r 

The  House  of  Reprceentatives  has  74  sisnv 

:.--  .  ',    "  -.   '     ,.r 

nor  is  the  Earl  of  Gmsfow. 

The  miiii.trv  in  the  beginning  of  18B5  was 
composed  of  the  following  members:  Premier, 
Minister  of  Public  Works,  an.. 
live  Affairs  and  Defense,  R.  J.  Ssddon 
ney-General  and  Colonial  Secretary.  Sir  I* 

.y:  Minister  of  Education.  Minister  of 
Labor,  and  Commissioner  of  Stamps,  U     iv 

MM.jst.-r  of  \.-r  .  '  .'•  I  : 
Forests,  J.  Mackenzie ;  Colonial 
master  General 
missiooer  of  CnstomsTand  Minister  of  Marine  and 
of  Industries  and  Commerce,  J.  (i.  Ward:  rep- 
resentative of  the  native  race,  without  portfolio, 
roll;  wit)  niiromery; 

Speaker  of  the  House  of  RepreseotatTves,  Sir 
Qeotfi  v  -» .':•";:••• 

Lsfjlslat  Ion.— Parliament  was  onnvened  on 
JuneW.    Recipro,  South 

tralia  and  Canada  were  ratified.    The 


,      .     . 

. 
Commissioner  of 


turv  approved  a  scheme  of  village  sHllemenUes 
a  means  of  makinc  people  out  of  work  self-sup- 


c.  The  military  forces  were  all 
wtth  the  Mamiii.|ln.ry'  rifle  before  the  end  of  the 
rear,  as  Parliament  had  aulhoriaed.  The  Mid- 
land Railway  Companv  having  failed  to  oom- 

n'trart.  the  (ioveniment  took 
skw  of  the  line.    The  legislati 


ve 


s  gra 
tain 


mitted  to  the  General  Assembly  were  measures 
for  rating  the  unimproved  value  of  land,  for  re- 
forming local  government  and  charitab  e  aid. 
for  reafijnsting  the  tariff,  for  protecting  family 
homes  bv  restricting  the  influx  of  aliens,  and 
for  making  provision  for  a  living  wapr  in  all 
public  contracts,  beside*  several  other  labor  hills. 
The  House  of  Representatives  has  a  Manding 


7" 


ACSTUAI 


Una  of 

i 


in  1*M.  which  limits  the  dura- 
to  half  an  hour, 
of  credit  and  financial  depression 

ml  /.calami  some  years 

than  loth*  Australian  colonies,  the  re- 

,.   ,.M    ,  >  .-        '         i  ••••       :•:.«.•       '• 

ib*  tradr  m  fmasn  meal,  the  improved  market 
iun  fum.  the  buoyancy  of  the  quartx- 
and  incrmurd  output  of 

'    ,       ,       .:-..'. 


.  of  Ifve  cattle  and   r 

tie  confidence  of  the  Eng- 

le  in  New  Zealand  as  a  field  for  invest- 
s»ss* attempted  the  ooloaialmn, 
It  had  taken  offlce  on  a  nonborrowin-  ; 
to  seek  loans  on  favorable  terms  ,n  the  gutted 
money  saarkat  of  London,  not,  however,  for  pub. 
lie  works,  which  were  being  extended  at  a  mod- 
erair  •  the  ordinary  revenue,  in  whioh 

b  included  the  proceeds  of  sales  of  public  lands. 
The  New  Zealand  Government  had  not  I  Crowed 
in  the  London  market  since  1887.  Meanwhile 
ton  public  workshad  been  £8 
Inion  of  its  public  men,  what  the 
COMMIT  mam.  •indort  to  increase  its  resources  was 
a  good  ciasv  of  settlers  on  the  land,  such  as  the 
asafgrant  farmer*  who  have  developed  the  West 
oftaw.  United  States.  To  promote  the  settle- 
ment of  the  laml  the  Legislature  had  author- 
favd  advance*  of  money  to  settlers  at  a  low  rate 
plications  under  this  act  soon 
reached  £500.000.  and  the  Government  decided 
to  raise  £1,900.000  in  the  Ixmdon  market  to  be 
baaed  out  in  this  war.  In  the  summer  of  1805 
colonial  Treasurer  Ward  went  to  England  to 
•cjotiale  this  loan  and  to  borrow  in  addition 
•aHflCin  for  the  purchase  of  private  lands  suit- 
sMe  for  settlement;  some  of  which  had  already 
bcvn  acquired  by  condemnation  proceedings  not 
always  satisfactory  to  the  expropriated  owners. 
He  desired  further  to  obtain  £850,000  for  sur- 
veys and  roads,  and  £850,000  to  be  spent  on 
native  lands,  and  to  place  £1.000.000  of  con- 
sols.  In  pursuance  of  its  policy  the  adminis- 
tration had  increased  the  public  debt  during 
besides  bavin-  Incurred  a 


liability  of  12.000,000  by  guaranteeing  the  debts 
of  the  llank  of  New  Zealand.  Mr.  Ward  con- 
daded  these  financial  arrangem 

FIJI.— The  Legislative  Council,  which  makes 
lav*  for  the  colony,  is  composed  of  the  Chief 
Just*™-,  th*  Attorney-General,  the  Receiver 
oral,  th-  Commissioner  of  Lands,  and  the  med- 
ical officer,  with  the  Governor  as  president.  The 
Governor,  who  is  also  High  Commiwioner  for 
the  Western  Pacific,  u  Sir  John  II.  Thurwton. 

Complaints  were  made  in  1894  that  th 
eminent  wan  arbitrarr and  oppressive,  especially 
in  its  dealings  with  the  naUVea.    The  at  t 
of  the  Colonial  Office  was  cal 
death  rale  among  the  islanders,  which  was  50*12 
per  mtll*  in  I809L    The  Governor  in  hi-*  reply 
aftributH  thi«  abnormal  mortality  to  the  preva- 
•  «jir%n  epidemics,  the  ignorant  nuper- 
station  of  the  native*,  the  want  of  nutritious 
food  for  nursing  mother*,  and  the  unsanitary 
condition  of  the  booses.     In  January,  is 
islands  were  visited  by  a  hurricane  that  destroyed 
building*  ami  shipping,  and  did  serious  and  last- 
ing daman  to  the  cocoanut  and  Imnana  plan- 
tations.   The  Government  appropriated  a  sum 


AfSTKIA    HfN(JAi:V. 

of  money  t  pressing  wants  of  the  na- 

tive population,  whose  fcMni  suppii,*  were  de- 

stroyeil.    Th.-  M.-th«"li'-t   ini--i«ms  took  steps  to 
afford  more  permanent  relief. 

HritMi  Neu  (...inea.    The  •mtheasteri 
of  the  i-liiml  of  Ne\v  (Juii  us  an- 

nexed  to  the   llnti-h  l-jujiire  in   isss.  un<liT  an 
arrangement  between  the  Imperial  (i<>vrnmient 
,:h   Wales,  and  \'iei,.- 
ria,  whereby  these  colour 
toward  the  expenses  of  administratioo  for  the 
lir-t   ten  years.     The  area  is  88,480  8<|nare  miles. 
The   |M,p,i'lation  is  about  850,000,  of  whom  not 
more  than  WX*  are  Knro|»eati-.     The  nati\ 
not  be  deported  as  contract   1  White 

men  are  allowed  to  acquire  land  under  i 

ianliiitf  the  interests  of  the  native 
raee.  With  a  view  of  encouraging  settlors  taxa- 
ti-.n  has  U-en  made  li^'ht.  and  the  settlement  of 
land--  laims  and  the  aeijuisit  ion  of  hind 
dered  easy,  with  but  few  and  simple  restrictions 
upon  the'rmpl'.ymeiit  of  native  lahor.  Land  is 

offered  at  2s.  M.  An  acre.    The  Administrator 

since  the  first  proclamation   of  British  sover- 

eignty \\u<  IHMMI   Sir  William   Macffregor.     The 

revenue  in  ix'.M  was  £6,00<).     The  value  of 


imports  wn  The  exports  are  tn 

lwood. 


pearl  ^hell.  p>!d.  pearls,  and  sandal 
<M)  white  miners  are  engaged  in  digging 
gold  in  the  Louisiad-  Islamls.  The  forests  con- 
tain ebony  and  other  valuable  timber,  (nims 
are  plentiful.  Kattan  grows  luxuriantly,  and 
the  cocoanut  and  sago  palms  are  abundant  .  Tin- 
exports  in  1*!>4  were  about  £25,000  in  value,  in- 
cluding ixMirls  worth  nearly  £10,000. 

\(  STRIA-HUNGARY,  a  dual  immarchv  in 
central  Kurope,  composed,  under  the  funda- 
mental law  of  Dec.  21,  1867,  of  the  Empire  of 
Austria  and  the  Kingdom  <»f  HuiiLrary.  two  in- 
separable constitutional  ni'>nar<-hie<*  that  are 
declared  to  be  hereditary  in  the  male  line  of  the 
house  of  II  apsburg-  Lorraine,  and  in  case  of  its 
extinction  in  the  female  line.  The  legislative 
power  in  regard  to  common  affairs,  which  are 
confined  to  diplomatic  relations,  the  army,  com- 
mon finances,  and  the  administration  of  I'-.-nia 
and  Herxecovina,  is  exercised  by  committees  of 

the    Icu'i-lativc    bo<lies   «.f   the  two  halves  ,,f   the 


emi>ire,  which  meet   alternately  in  the  tw 

taN.  Vienna  and  Fimla-I'e-ili.  These  oommitteea, 


the  Delegations,  are  composed  of  -JO  of  its 

elected  every  year  by  tin-   An 
House  of  L,,rds  and-  the  same  number  from  the 
Hungarian  Tab].  .,f  M.v^nat,-.  and  40  from  each 
of    the    lower    houses,    the    HiiliLMriali     Table    of 

the    Au-trian     H" 

Deputies.  The  two  Delegations  meet  and  vote 
separately,  except  when  th.-r.-  i-  "  disr_rre«-in«-nt, 
in  which'  case  the  m  i.  --id,.,!  |,y  j<.int 

ballot.    The  common  ministers  are  n-p'-n-iUe 
to  the  Delegations,  and  for  any  derelin 
dutv  they  mav  b,   impeached. 

!  Austria  ami  Kinirof  Hungary 
is  Frnn/.  .I—  f  I.  born  Ant,'.  JH,  1830,  who  was 
proclaiinVd  Kmperor  -.f  Austria  when  his  uncle 
Ferdinand  I  abdicated  on  Dec.  2.  1848,  in  conse- 
quence of  a  popular  uprising,  and  was  crowned 

f  Hungary  and  took  his  oath  on  the  Con- 
stitution on  June  8.  1867.  The  heir  presumptive. 
is  the  Archduke  Karl  Ludwig,  the  Emperor's 
brother;  the  next  in  succession,  the  latter's  eld- 


AUKTHIA-H! 


71 


eat  *on.  the  Archduke  Frani  Ferdinand,  bom 
'.r  common  affairs  »t  the  begin- 


ning of  the  year  were  :   Minister  of  F»r*t. 

..  kill- 


ru««lak 


Whole  .M..unnh>,  I-:.  I.M  „!,.!.  l,ll.-r  TOO  Krkjf- 


.  General  «»f  Cavalry;   Minis!.: 

.   d«    K 

' 


'  •    "  •     BfJIfl 
alic  action  re- 


papal  n. 

i!,  ||  : 

maintaii 

,<:.         . 


what 


ffair*.  «l. 


'urtccn 


|      M  ^     is 

1  -  I ' ' .    '  '  • 


re-lioWli 


who  wa*  Governor  of  Ualicia,  U 
in  Austrian  universities,  at 
mat  ir  career.  w  a*  appointed  affiitfa*  at  tier  1  i  n  i  n 

Uoo.    Later  he  want  to  Paris  aa  oooMrllor  of 

HM    **ab*J    '•      n    »rrx.i  ^    UK  r.     •!.,•    d  »-.'•  r    •  '. 

iv-   .  .!   >          M   -v.  vUfl  rtood  iii  ".  wg 
of  hiii  Mirccwtliti  I  ioro  an  amliaamdor. 

i^:  till  mhowwAwti 


Thr  Common  B«4|f*t.-Th«  ImdRrt  fnrr..m- 
MM  Md  np«idttaM 


n-.KMi  A1T 
r.liitanr  and  49.400  r 

- 
florins  for  onlinarr  and  14,895379  for  eitraordi- 


i  ui  inr  nniM.  nun  iu^«i.u<Mf  ii»riu^ 

narr  and  9354.900  for  extraordinarr  ex- 

>f  tli.-  nitvv  ;  MuiiMry  <>f  Finance. 700,090 


v  .  M  torn  -  oi  UM  M*jy,  .-iri-i  i".'.".'?  '»'•"  •'  • 
tinary  ai 

borins  for  central  ad  mini.it  rat  ion  and  1390,000 
itary  penaioo*;  Board  d  I .38385 

The  receipt*  are  a*  follow :   From  the  depart- 

Mta  Q|   ...ImjMMrV,  M.    14983*1    ';•• 

in*;  payment  of  *  per  cent,  ••• 

raatriiMilar 

i  pay*  70  per  cent,  or  68389379  florin* 

7  florin*. 


408,616^)00  florini  in  1MW.    The  •peetel  debt  of 

li       .  .-  •  .    •    ;     •     4        .':••••        . 

1.09MS4  florin,  in  1  MHO  u>  9Jtt.744jtt6  florin* 

.      I-..:       .  •  •      ;     '         -     .         .-   •-. 

•  -.  be  about  M  rnorh. 

The  Austrian  Oorenunent  in  February.  IWft. 
arranfad  with  a  croup  of  flnandan  for  A  fold 
lc«n  of  flO.OOO/KW  florin*  bemni 


.  which  wa*  taken  at  |«r.  With  the  pro- 
t-cted  to  have  enough 
toeovejf  t »,.  »t«te  note*  that  were  in  drra- 
wtion.  The  Hungarian  flni*lll*J*lil  wa*  *J- 
read?  in  a  position  to  restore  specie  payment*  on 
a  gold  bask  and  wa*  waiting  till  Austria  wa* 
able  to  begin  the  operation.  A  Hungarian  8- 
per-oent,  gold  loan  of  45.000.000  crown*,  or  88.- 
60,000  florin*,  wa*  contracted  for  the  n 
of  the  Danube  n 

f   19300.000  florin*  wa*  autfo 

which  4300,000  florin*  are  to  repay 

rd  from  the   Austrian    and    II 

•iment*  for  the  construction  of 

,  .,       ,,,      ,  -  .  ;       ..         .... 

railroad*,  and  the 
oded  mainly  for  military 

The  Army.— The  army  i*  or 
army  corp*.  moat  of  them  containing  9  diriefcsj* 
of  infantry,  each  of  9  brigade*,  with  1  brigade  of 
cavalry,  f  brigade  of  artillery,  and  1  section  of 
railway  troop*.  There  are  altogether  81  divi- 
sion* or  68  brigade*  of  infantry  troop*.  6  bri- 
gade* of  mounted  artillery. 4 dit^ioMof  cavalry 
Droop*.  18  brigade,  of  cavalry,  and  14  brigadte 
of  artillery.  The  infantry  brigade  con*i*t*  of  1 

9  regiment-,  and  ha* 


•    M 


•     .-  , 

battaUonofyaa^norofpiooem  A  brigade  of 
cavalrv  contain*  9  or  8  regiment*.  A  brigade 
of  artillerv  consist*  of  1  regiment  of  eoq*  ar 
tillery.  with  9  separate  divMon*  of  heavy  art il- 
•iid  from  1  to  3  battalion* of  fortr***  ar- 
tillery. ^.  I,  infat.tr>  regiment  contain*  4 
battalions,  each  of  4  companies,  the  company 

"in  111  l. -her   rifle  of  8 

caliber,  with  a  fixed  magajfaM 
tridgra.    The  field  artillery 
menu  attached  to  corp* 


,,.,. 

ry  consist*  of  14  regi- 

i:          ;.      -    -  •          ' 


divisional   artillery,  each  of  4  hatterie*  of  4 

,-:,-..         .          /.:-        '...;.-.... 

the  field  arttlterr  a  caliber  of  87  centime! re*; 

MiouiitMUtlerieaJ 


cavalry  n 

Mitiailr«>n». 
166  men.  with  . 


The  .»xtm4>n!ini»rv  , 

Bosnia  ana  Henegovina  are  8389JOOO 


I'uhlic  lleht— The  general  debt  of 
pire  on  Jan.  1.  1884,  ounejated  of  9,' 
tercet-bearing  stock  and 

loe*   not  inch, 
floating  debt,  which  am. 

florin*  on  July  1. 1888,  oonebting  of  98.488330    **• 
florin*  of  interest-bearing  bill,  and  8193M;085    ]K 
.<  of  pant^r  money. 

M   amounted  on  July 
t8H<Dl39O*MM 


florin*,  having  grown 


n 


AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, 


.  .  -.• 


of  the  army  U  coroj 
aad  I  JftMUMO  men,  with  881.- 


Tar  *avy.-Tb.  Auxrian  navy. designed  f<  r 
'ofU»eos*a,ha»t>> 

Rudolf  an.i 
launched 

«andOincbr»"f»rm..rrv*|- 
|y  o«  tJhe  wait*  line,  and  rarrv  one  1  8-  and  the 
otter  0  184Mb  («»  in  barbel  ice,  and  each  * 
»«*«dary  armament  of  8  guns.    There  are  7 
caseejMled  ironclads  that  were  built  between 

»ml  187*  an  old  »r,,n,  lad  fru 
veil**  0  ftvnboaU.  4  river  monitors,  and  8  new 
.  i  ,  ihj  -Marts 

.        ,      ;s,         f   ;,     •„,... 

of  S  Oi-inch,  6  6 
..  and  a  nominal  speed 


oflO 


Three  coast-defense  armor  clad*,  of 


0400  low  dbpbcemeot,  are  br: 

andan»i<:  )><•  large  lorp.d..  fl<.(illa  is 


for.    There  are  now  24  flrst-class,  81 
and  ?  (hinl-claM  torpedo  boats  and 
cruiser*.    The  nary  is  recruited  by 
like  the  army,  and  has  also  its 
It    ha<i   in    1H94  820  officer 
numbering  11.884  men. 
Nai  IralloB.—  The  number  of  vessels  entered 
at  the  Aufttrian  HBfiOfftS  dvittf  1892  was  77.6:  15, 
of  9.004383  tons;  cleared,  77.457.  of  0,082,401 
of  the  total  tonnage  87  per  cent,  was 


Austrian,  the  Italian  tonnage  ranking  next,  and 
British  third.     At  the  Hungarian  |  -  n  of  1  mine 
8J87  vessels,  of  OH7.000  tons,  were  entered  in 
1800.  and  8.258.  of  982,500  tons,  were  cleared. 
Commerce    and    Production.— The    total 


valu*  of  the  mere  hand  1*0  imports  into  the  Aus- 
.njrarian  customs  union  in  1808  was  883,- 
•  he  values  of  the  exports,  799,- 
Tbe  value*  of   the   principal 
i :  Cotton,  5S.400.000  florins ;  coffee, 
>:  wool,  85^00,000  fl 
.24,300,000!! 


and  jirllnr.  2».400.000  florins;  leaf  tobacco,  21,- 
OOOgdOO  florins;  machinery.  19.400.000  florins; 
woolen  yarn.  17,100,000  florin*:  leather.  IT.lui.- 
000  florins:  books,  etc..  15,800.000  florin- 
ton  yarn.  12JOO.OOO  florins;  silk  manufacture^. 
IS.o60jOOO  florins;   hardware   and 
11500.000  florins;  woolen  goal 
in.;  grain.  10,800400  florins;  cattle,  9.800.000 
florins:  colors  and  tanning  materials,  ii.700.000 
florins;  man ufanured  tobacco,  4#»,000  florins. 
The  valurs  of  the  principal  exports   v 


Sugar.  97.100.000  fl«m .- :  cram.  88.700,000  flor- 
in*; Umber.  59.000.000  florins;  cattle,  81,200.. 
000  florin*:  coal  80.400.000  florins;  eggs,  24.- 
100JOOO  florins:  hardware,  «^OOW)Torins; 
sloire*.  81.100.000  florins ;  woolen  goods.  20.200,- 
000  florins:  w»<|  manufactures,  18.900.CX- 
ins;  glass  and  gla~w»r  <*t  florins; 

paper  and  paper  manufacture*.  17.600.0rx 
in*:    iron  •anufactore*   and    iron.   12.800,000 
florins:  feather*.  12^00.000  fl 

ins:     w«,|.     ll.IOO.OfiO     florins; 

10400.000  florin*:    linc-n   yarn. 


000.000  florins. 
The  imports  of  cold  and  silver  coin  and  I  ul- 
lion  tol £^J^JW10  florins,  and  the  ex- 
potts  20,079,808  florins  in  value. 


Tin-  import  and  export  trade  with  the  prin- 
D   ••..muni'*  in  MM  was  in  lli-rin>.  jui 


I::.. 


I  :.  :..:  BMH 


l.\77.\<MM 


14407,000 
1,140,000 


10348,001 


444,868,000 


M3M.OOO 


88^76,000 


18000 

1,000,000 

18,008,000 


About    half   tlu>    population   of   th<-     \ii-in.-m 
provinces  and  a  iniirli  lar^-  >n  in  Iliin- 

ffarr  are  dspSOdSQt    on   a^ricullm.'.      In  . \u-tria 
36*7  per  cent,  of  the    laid   an -a  and  in  II 
42*58  per  cent,  is  occupir<l  with  farms  an 
di-n-.  nearly  24  JMT  cnit.   in   li-.th    cunni! 
meadow  and  pastiirt*  land.  :{>•<>  ami  'JO-s  p< m-nt. 
respectively  is  under  fon-sts,  0*8  per  «••  nt.  and 
1'82  percent,  is  covered  with  vim-yards  and  0-4 
ami  0-:t2  percent.  c«.n-ixts  of  lakt-  ami  fi-h  ponds. 
The  product  of  wheat  in  Austria  in  IM-. 
15,388,000  hectolitres;  of  barley,  is.502,000;  of 
oats,  81,503,000;   of   r  LOGO.     The  Hun- 

garian CTOIW  for  1892  were:  Wheat,  50,289,000 ; 
l.arl.-y.  is.:{l 7.000  :  «, at s,  22,007,000;  rye,  18.414,- 
iMMi:  Indian  <-orn,  41,075,000.  Austria  pro.hic.-.l 

'»00  centners   of  poi 
siiiriir    ln-ets,   and    'j:'..-J(H.'.(MMl  of    othn-    !..•«•!>    in 

Iw8  while  dongaryin  the  pteoeding year  raised 

40,100,000  centners  of  potatoes.  i:;.:;r,s.(HX)  of 
sugar  beets,  and  80,008.000  of  other  beets.  The 
wine  crop  was  4,535,000  hectolitres  in  Austria 
ami  7!»0.oiM)  in  Hungary.  The  value  of  the. 
mining  nnnluce  of  Austrian  mines,  chirtl 
and  coal,  was  76,750,410  florins  in  is'.i:;.  iho 
value  of  furnace  products,  82.r)lni..Vj|  fl.iHns. 
The  industrial  establishments  of  Austria  gave 
employ im-iit  in  1890  to  2,880,897  workers,  en- 
gaged in  the  metal  and  textile  industri* -  and  in 
making  earthen  and  glass  wares,  machinery, 
chemicals,  alimentary  preparations,  and  vaiioiis 
special  manufactures  rei|uirin^  skill  and  taste. 

i  oiiiiiiniiiratioiiH.  —At  tlie  end  of  ]s!>:{  the. 
Austrian  (iovi-rnincnt  owned  4.3HO  mil«-s  of  rail- 
roads, and  operated  2.477  miles  more  that  had 
not  yet  been  acquired  l»y  the  state,  while  tho 
oompanies  still  had  8,577  miles  under  their  pri- 
vate management  In  Hungary  there  were 
2,744  miles  owned  outright,  and  8,888  miles  of 
•ii«-'  lines  worked  l»y  the  (iovernmeiit, 
whili-  l.HHl  miles  remained  under  the  direction 
of  companies. 

telegraph  lines  of  Austria  in  1*02  had  a 
total  length  of  17.6(H>  miles,  with  50.154  miles  of 
wire;  those  of   Hungary  had  a  length  oi 
miles,  ami  :'.."». :'.,'M  miles  of  wire;  in   I'.-.-nia  and 
Herzegovina  there  were   111   miles  of  lim.  and 
1,780  miles  of  wire.     Thn  number  of  m 
during  the  year  was  12,088.o«4  m  Austria.  9,969,- 
844  in  Hungary,  and  425,696  in  the  occupied 
pr  ••-.  bwea, 

rian  post  office  during  1893  handled 
588.008. 120  letters,  78.620,870  samples  and  books, 
and  70,898,600  journals.  The  receipts  for  both 


AUbTICIA  HfXi.AltV. 


n 


postal  and.  telegraph  -rvices  were 


..-  ... 
n  i 


1*98, 


amM    i 


i:,  ,,. 


MUJ601  nmi    MM  '•  • 

mines,  and  648J886  florins 
from  other  degrtments  of  the  Ministry  of  Ag. 

riculture;   l 

in  by  the  Council  of  Minister*.  I,u7i,:s&? 
>e9.    Then  .«    by  tne  Mil. 

lairs  stated  th.it  it  »a»  n«-.*mml    b)  Ui- 

"    i  llinimtrv  of  KfitM^tLwt     n  I  WM«f  * 

P  ^sJIM*a>6>rY   IIJ      «>IU<  AllOn    MMl    VV  OvW 


• 


rt«  (he  gen- 
the  object  which  the 

composing  the  Aua- 
in 


Lhe  triple  alliance  was  pacific 
majata    IB*  ntt  it,  UM   "  it 

L..  tn.  ••ll»l\i-aM. 

then,  also  effect  A 
long  themselves  with  a  vii 

.f  their  own  legili- 
iimtt  MsjfasjSj,  it  ou^iu 
raii.juilht  • 

.%llianre  had  lu  view, 
tuftlria.  inces 

:.-preaentetl 

.Mature  or  Heichsrath.  and  at  the 
time  poetess  a  large  degree  of  legislative  and 
•dmin 

vinciaJ  din  or  Uiultag.    The  Keichsrath  eon- 
.-uhaus  or  House  of  Ix.nis  and 

The  llerrenhau*  is  composed  of  the  princes  of 
•w  large  feudal  proprietor*,  who 

. 

:iv;  m  mi-  m  <  .<•  •••!  t--r  M\  N.  m  i  *  i 

..f  ,  .,-  '..•r*.   rfa  .  'I"    UVfl     pfOpfi  :•  D\  th-    •  .':•  ft 

the  onamber*  of  oommeroe  and  industry,  and 
the  rural  communea. 
The  ministry  constituted  on  Nov.  11.  1898. 

Wii,  oomposed  .<    •       *      Mi:    •  •  !'•      .     • 
Prince  Alfred  Wm.liwhgrlU:  Minister  of  th.- 
.n|uis  Baoquenem;  Minbt,  r  ..f  |-,,i,- 

hr.  Krnst  von  Plener;  Minister  of  Agri- 

cult un>.  Count  Julius  Falkenhayn;  Minister  of 

Mai  Economy,  Graf  Wurm- 

f  Justice.  Graf 
Vhfinbt>m;    without    JN  : 
.ar.  Hitter  von  Jam . 
Finance*.— The  revenue  of  the  (i 
for  1898  was  748^88.000  florins,  atxl  th.   expen- 
**)  florins.     For   1WM   the  total 

>to  florins  and  the  total  expenditure 
at  6^i.s:ii.i«::  "        ,.-...    ^  87,100,068  ftor- 
ins  of  extraonlinary  expenditure*.    Of  the  or- 
uiie  1 10495,001  • 

•>K.  vix..  85.690,000  florins  from 
fn.in  the  bouse 

1.659.000  florins  from  the  industry  tax. 

•-.    n.-ni.H  from   the    income  tax,  and 

fn.m  ..ther  taxes;  296^89^75 

florins  wen*  .•i.tam.-.l  l»y  indim-t  taxation,  viju, 

ise.  3 1.497.875  florins 

m.6 16.450  florins  from  tobacco.  80.. 

548,000  florins   from   xtamps.  87.H19.000   florin* 

udii  ial  fe«>.s   16.67X.OOO  florins  from  the 

mm  various 

taxes;  5.178.830  florins  were  received  from  state 

rties;  86385.000  florins  came   from   the 

postal  and  telegraph  services,  88*54.730  florins 

from  nulroaoX  and  8.635.880  florins  from  other 


M0  florin,  oy  the  Ministry  of 

11.  fii.-  'A.  i,  - 


iiiid  606.- 


The  ordinanr  expenditure*  were  alkicaUd  as 

imperial  chancery.  74J67  florin*:  Bafefanlh. 

;«•;•.•.;••  Born       ^    ......  ...    . 

i     ..i,.  ,,     f  M  :.    •  -V,  ;;     •     •  y        ... 

"396  florins;  Mink4ry  of 

..1   Defense,  17^69340  florins;  Ministry 

.<  at  ion  and  I*lc-clr*tai4ical  Affair*.  I  788,> 

MBioriM  '.  ..  sjtaU  +mm*  rjS  r.. 

florins  for  wor^ 

.  :     v  M  '    \-  •       ;    -  /,: 

florins;  Minbtry  of  Finance.  88.428.168  florin.; 

trol.  177.600  florins:  intrrwt  and  sinking  tod 


rbo    of  the  publkdeU,  158,488^88  florins  :aaminnv 
rative  expenses  connected  with  the  debt,  606,- 


auota  of  the  common  expenditure.  10737MQ8 
!i  riM 

(TUIa.— The  WindbchgrlU  mini 


try  depended  on  the  inooograous  coalition  of 
Conservatives,    Poles,   and   German    Uberak, 
v'-l  Count  Taafe's  electoral  reform 
lull  in  1893  and  thus  forced  bin.  These 

parties  united  against  the  rnlcnskai  of  tne  suf- 
frage because  it  would  rcdu 
ivprv«rntati««.     They  had  m.  pniiVi|.l~  it. 
mon  in  regard  to  electoral 
<ii.t   not  expect  to  defeat  r 
other  (  N.I  it  i.  a  1  question*.    The 

to  fall  as  soon  as  the  francntse  or  any 

..'..-••      •          •       .     :  •    •  ..      •  1  •  •     i        • 

ical*.  whose  influence  in  tne  Government  was 
predominant,  made  use  of  the  opportunities  that 
the  situation  afforded  for  the  advantage  of 

th.-ir  iMirtv  ami  the  Chun  h.    The 
and  the  Christian  Socialists 

•  lie  Government. 
w'erv  a|.|.h.-d   hi  QfJSOfc  tl.e  »,.fr«l  ,,f  ^i.l  do- 
mocm 


A:     - 


with 

.      '• 


Prince  L 


.  f.   .  f 


ol  the 
feudal 
the  country.  "  When 

in  January  to 

cfeUsftio  agitation  to  upper  Austria,  be 
to  the  papal  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Dope's 
btMdk&ooi apon  his  movement,  which  he  tald 
would  mUi<e  the  principles  of  the  (rniml  encyo- 
lical  -rrrwu  **£rvm~  and  the  benediction 
was  eommunicaietl  to  him  in  a  telegram  from 
Canlinal  ItamMla.  The  Anti-Semite^  led  by 
nna,  held  out  an  ideal  of  mcial 
oixxnixation  not  very  different  from  that  of  the 
Christian  Socialists,  and  were  to  s 


AUSTRIA  11UNGABY. 


They  assailed  the  Jews 
areUffohfef  organisers  of  modern 

r^Ksssi^^ 


Ultr: 

v  mal'of'tlM  German  Liberals, 


of  Ik**  of  tl»«wisii  faitli. 


was  elected 

Dr.  Grubel,  the  Burgoraas- 
m  UM  election  for  UM  office 
look  paw  on  Ma?  S9  Dr.  LQger  was  elected, 
b«t  bye*  MM!  a  maj-riiy  that  he  d.  -  1. 
acostiL  Popular  excitement  ran  so  hi-h  that 
imffflemilei  invaded  UM  council  hall  to  make 
•  ilsmnnnriH  n  and  mobbed  Liberal  m.-mU-rs 
of  UM  ooandl  on  UM  street.  'I  n  was 

before  UM  date  set  the  (. 

reform  bill  was  worked  out  by  a 
of  UM  Rcfebsrath  and  accepted  by 
amcni.  though  it  satisfied  no  party. 

•     •         ,„      .         -..,1    the   chief   hand 


in  Us  composition.  The  Prune  Mini-ter,  who 
bad  prorai— i  to  the  working  «-la— <•<  that  were 
i  Is  mining  for  universal  suffrage  a  liberal  exten- 
sion of  the  franchise,  said  that  it  did  not  go  far 
enough.  Thr  Young  Cxechs,  the  Poles,  and  t  he 
Osrmsn  Uberals  repudiated  it  altogether.  Ag- 
nculiural  laborers  were  excluded  from  the  bene- 
fit, of  the  reform,  and  of  the  workingmen  of  t  he 
town  only  those  were  admitti-d  t..  the  franchise 
who  nave  steady  employment  the  year  round 
and  bad  belonged  to  a  mutual-aid  society  two 
nor  could  they  rote  direetly.  i,h 

who  meet  to  choose  the  member  of  t  he 
Small  taxpayers  who  hare  paid  di- 
one  fear  would  rote  direct lv.  The 
Sooiatistie  celebration  in  Vienna  on  May  1.  in 
whicfe  ttOjOOO  persons  took  part,  assume.!  the 
form  of  a  demonstration  for  universal,  equal,  and 
dim*  suffrage,  with  UM  eight  hours*  day. 

»-.f  tax  reform  was  elaborated  which 
res  of  succeeding.    It  was  nro- 
to  exempt  from  UM  income  tax  earned  in- 
i  of  MO  florin*  and  incomes  from  invest* 
of  600  florins,  and  to  graduate  the  tax 
Dram  ft  per  cent,  up  to  5  per  cent.    Persons 
on  a  trade  or  business  are  subj« 
ioaal  impost,  as  alv.  nil  jo.nt -stock  com- 
flam  this  tax  small  traders  were  ex- 


empted or  taxed  lighter  than  before,  whereas 
large  traders  and  manufacturers  and  corpora- 
**fw*ni<>i+rh^\»rt*sm.    Foreigners  were 
SMde  liable  in  t,t«tion  eo.ua!  1 
and  UM  mHhod  of  aasfsimuit  was  renr  stringent 
and  inquUitnrial.    TV  official  li^t*  of  the  in- 
of  taxpayer*  were  to  be  open  to  public 
lion,  and  in  cases  of  disputed  returns  wit- 
oouM  be  summoned* 
This  reform  was  not  welcome  to  the  German 
Liberals,  t  hooch  they  did  not  denounce 
ooltekxl  grounds  as  they  did  the  electoral  bill. 
Tfcejr  were  chagrin**!  at  the  treatment  of  na- 
tionality questions  by  the  Government  at  the 


•  •',  (  :,  Heals,  Th«'  Italians  of  Istria 
were  so  incensed  in  January  at  the  action  of 
the  authorities  in  posting  official  noii--,-  in  two 
languages  that  the  session  of  th<'  hht  \\a-. 

-..nli-r  ami  th«-  ti«'Vrrniin-ii1    (\\>- 

the  House,  whi.-ii  luul  passed  a  resolation 

shing    Italinn    as    the   only    !an-u. 

:  proceedings  could  !•«•  emiilueteil.  A  HHH- 
lar  situation  arose  in  >t\ria.  \\here  the  Slo?e- 

iiiembers  in  February  witluln -w  from  the 
Ihi-t  in  conscquenoo  of  >i  i  ried  >>.v  the 

(ieriiiHii   majority  eondrninin^    the    ••..neuneni 
use  of  their  language  with  (i.iin.in  in  th 
n.-i-iuin  at  Cilli.     The  Con  and  Clrri- 

le<l  by  Count  Hohenwart,  approved  the 
position  tafean  l»y  the  Sli.venians  and  the  Min- 
f  Kdurat  i»n  upheld  the  project  of  teach- 
nii;  in  the  Slovenian  language  when  the  matter 
was  discussed  by  the  budget  committee  of  the 
II. -jeli-rath  in  .I'une.  Tin-  comniittee  sustained 
rr  von  Madey-ki.  and  after  its 
decision  in  favor  of  the  Slovenian  demand  the 
German  Liberals  notified  the  1'rime  Minister  of 
their  withdrawal  from  the  coalition.  The 
Keiehsrath  sulise.jnent ly  v.ted  the  grant  for 
tea. -hing  Slovenian  in  the  school  at  CilU  by  178 
votes  to  148. 

The  resignations  of  the  members  of  the  Cabi- 
net w.  itedto  the  Emperor  by  Prime 
Windischgrfttz  on  June  18  and  were  accepted. 
( '•  .unt  K ielmannsegg,  Stadtholder  of  Lower 
tria.  nndert<x)k  to  form  a  Cabinet  to  conduct 
business  until  u  definitive  ininiMry  should  lie 
formed.  The  provisional  Cabinet  was  con>ii- 
tuted  on  June  20  as  follows:  President  of  the 
Council  and  Minister  of  the  Interior. 
Krieh  Cielmannsegg;  Ministerof  Finance.  Kilter 
Bflhm  von  Bawerk  ;  Minister  of  National  De- 
fense, Count  Zeno  von  Welsersheimli :  .Mini-ter 
for  Polish  Affairs,  Hitter  von  .Jawor-ki.  The 
other  departments  were  plaeed  in  charge  of  ad- 
mini-trators  not  holding  ministerial  rank.  The 

':ime  Minister,  who  wa^  the  author  of  the 
H-heme  for  a  greater  Vienna  and  attendant  p uo- 
li<-  improvements,  such  as  the  metropolitan  rail- 
road and  the  regulation  of  the  river  Wien.  was 
n  Hanoverian  by  birth  and  a  Protestant  in  reli- 
gion. l>om  in  1847,  the  son  of  nn  oflieer , 

Dr.  Krnst  von  Plener,  the  late  Minister 
of  l-'inanee  and  the  leader  of  the  German  Lib- 
erals in  the  K.  ich-rath.  on  July  2  reH-ned  his 
seat  in  consequence  of  the  failure  of  the  e!T-rt- 
to  mnintain  a  permanent  coalition  of  the  moder- 
ate element*.  \Vliell  t  lie  |  ,'e  j ,  -||  M'at  h  Iliel 

in  the  autumn  a  definitive  ministry  was  formed. 

1  I.  by  (Jraf   Madeni.  Governor  of  (oilifia, 

H*H!  as  follows :  President   of  the  Couneil 

aii'l    Minister  «»f  the   Interior,  (iraf   K.   I'.adeni  ; 

Mini-terof  Finance.  Helinski  :  Minister  of  ,lu- 

tice,  Gleispaoh  :  Minister  of  Agriculture,  Lede- 

l.ur-Wi.-heln  :    Mini-ter  of    Commerce.    (Jhmz: 

Minister  of    Kducation,  Gaut-eh  :    Minister  of 

National  D.-feimo,  (Jraf  Welsersheiml*. 

Hungary.— The  Hungarian  Parliament  is 
composed  of  the  Table  of  Magnates  and  the 
House  of  Representatives.  The  upper  hou>e 
contains  20  archdukes,  286  hereditary  peers 
paying  8/XX)  florins  of  taxes,  40  prelates  of  the 
Homan  and  Greek  Catholic  Churches,  11  repre- 
•ives  of  Protestant  con?  ;  civil 

dignitaries,  82  life  members,  and  3  delegates 


AUSTRlA-tlt'NtiAUY 


na.     The  representatives  are  elect. 

v  all  adult  male  citiirns  who  pay  a 

I  small  aii'  »ud   <>r   income  U*. 

.  t*.  ginning  of 

a»dsj  ">*         v       .r    r  v,       .:  h. ?....-.. 

llar-ii  (•«•/  i 

DaaidertM  *  n  SaUagylj  Ufa  itsj  for  o   ma 
Commerce.  Bela  de  Lucacs ;  Minister  of  the  In- 

Count    •'  Minuter  of 

it,  llnr«.n    1^.  Ton 
Kuetvoes;  Minister  of  AK 

>.-The  budget  for  1806  makes  the 

n.  rajrn 


were  allied  with  the 


the  party  of 
<|>t  Koasttth 


ordinary   revenue  445*78jBll   florins,  and   tho 
tratiftitory  revenue  M.488JM6  florin*,  ci 
total  revenue  of  467.M11.O3?  fl, 
nary  revenue  was  expected  to  be  obtained  a* 

i,.,:  -  NMHW  EHM    tftakn     r  •    • 

Kducatioa 

J. ;--,..   ;ij-..;t  ,r  Sm\  Mmiatrj     f  Daftm* 
'  florins.    The  ordinary  expenditure  was 

ei.timat.-i 

005.105  florins;  and  extraordinary  common  ex- 

iking  at 

467.7W.748  florins.    Tho  oniinary  expenditure 
was  apportioned  as  follow*  ,,,  4,650.000 

:.065;    I*v 
088  florins :  Hungary's  quota  of  common  expen- 

florins;  1 

:'».V:;'.H  n 

of  guaranteed  railroad*  m-ijuir  state. 

tlorins;  guaran  • -»t  of  rail- 

V78J098 florin-* ;  ailminirtration  of  Cntatia, 

7JB48.640    fl.-rins :     u5oonntant -general,    4.000 

r- President.      ; 

fMl.ll**    I' 
Ministry   f<>r  Croatia.  48.760  t! 

Ministry  of 

"f     Publir 

• 

Mini*'    -  i,l   i  ,p  year  opene«l 

-  of  nn  unusual  sort  aeons* 

toaMd  to  smooth) j  working  pariiamot'.rv       • 
>.     All  tho  mflsjSOOeof  t  ho  ( 'at  holir  Chun  h 
•'  tho  Conservatives  dominating  both  tho 
in    and    tho    lmj«--  ninent    wa« 

brought  to  bear  ti|H»n   tho   Kin^.  who  was  of* 
fended   with  tho    Huncurian  Cmbinat   on   ac- 

him 
•    •     ' 

•>aU  hotKsl  to  nullify  thr 

bill*  that  had  been  pa**od  by  haying  thoiranpli- 

.'i«nfl.lo«|   to  fnondly  hands.     The  King 

was  persuaded  not  only  that  Dr.  Wekerie  and 


lenuen    wiin   ino    iiuncanan    i  nitinec    01 
iti.m*  made  against 
and  his  court,  in  rocnrd  to  the  rtn«t 
the  aooleaiastico-nnlitical  bill*  by  t! 


Ministtr 
Hungari 

JM    0   |Md    •     '    ':    -.':     '.'.. 

•  tii.  itfoi  -f  ..... 

•l^ry.aiMi  the  i*r 

beralf  and  a  co 
that  would  temper  t 
sceksJaetico-iKjI 

t:    .,        Hi    K       .,,...-.:-. 

the  bill*  that  hail  been  past*! 
rraN  were  exasperated,  and  finally  he  intimated 
that  he  lacked  confidence  In  the  Wekerie  minis- 
Wekerie  and  his  colleague*  to 
resign  in  the  beginning  of  January.  1(A5. 

itMulting  with   Dr.  Wekerie.  he  arm  f..r 

..Irrrary.  thr   IUn  of  Croatia. 

whom  he  expected  to  form  a  fusion 

Khucn  accepted  thr 
hut  |.p.|NMMtl  that  the  t...  . 

should  be  postponed  till   thr 

autumn,  ami  that  the  fusion  of  parties  should  be 

,  -larvd  aim  of  his  policrT  To  this  the 

Ubavasi  H,  ,.,i  ,.,.-  apv    ,   •  dartaj  H  .1  n 
tr  Man.li^nt.equiTaient  to  the 

of  a 

Hvll.  another  advocate  of  the  immediate 

of  Arties,  was  asketl  t..  a 


lianffy.  President  of  the  Chamber 
Duties,  was  then  summoned  to  the  King, 
who  ha<l  at  length   discovered  the  err 

he  had  been  led  regarding  the  temper  of 
i  ingarian  Parliament  and  people.  Baron 
Hanffy  was  a  thoroughgoing  UEerai  who  in- 
sisted on  carrying  out  the  whole  party  pro- 
gramme. As  a  Protestant.  llanffy  was  even 
more  obnoxious  ••ricaU  than  Wekerie. 


and  as  President  of  the 
of  I  »oputies  he  gave  offense  often  by  hb  strinrat 

..:  ;         .'      •       •••.:....!.••      -    -,,        -     :    . 
cafs.  and  Se[«rati»t«  were  willing  to  follow  him 
as  the  mandatory  of  the  Liberal  party. 
The  new  Cabinet  was  constituted  on  Jan.  15. 
President  of  the  Council.  Baron 
Desidcriuft  Hanr'  ;.  in  KUu- 

sentmrg.  -«n  of  a  provincial  prefect  belonging 
fraiiM  Ivan  ia.  studied 
;.Htr  and  Il«-rlin  and  traveled  exten* 
twice  an  unsuccessful  candidate  of  UK 
• 

HW-^OlKmam. 

bar  of  the  House  of  Magnates,  and  dectrd  a 
life  BMHibtr  after  th< 

tor  of  the  Be  termed  Chun  h  of  Tranfylvania, 
ilsctid  as  a  Liberal  to  the  Chamber  in  l  W.  and 
immediataly  chosen  its  president:  Minister  of 
thr  Interi.  ' 

try  and  Commerce,  Ernest  Daniel :  Minister  of 
.Iture,  0 

-ation  and  Worship.  Dr.  Julius  Wlassics; 
Knirly i :  Minis- 

National  Defen«  and  md  mUrim  Minis- 

'  the  Boyal  Court.  Baron  Geza  Fejcrrarr: 

Minister  for  6oati*SUrooia,  Bmerich  de  Joai- 


li 


AUSTKIA  lirNOARY. 


Samuel  Jorika  was  appointed 
i  court  on  Jan.  IK. 

BIIU.-Thoufh 

of  the  eriaii  was  a  blow  to  those  who 
•bout  the  overthrow  of  the  Wekerle 
CJySsZthe  Ultramontane,  were  not  disposed 
.   ,     .  ...         .  •    •   .    linal  Vas- 

9mrj  the  primate,  and  the  grvat  majonlj  of  the 
Hungarian  bishops  were  now  willing  to  accept 
•»,  recognising  the  fact   that 
•:  i  .-Catholic 
Count  Ferdmaiv! 


hadorganiasdadatholicPeo. 
imrtt.  which  airily  had  wrested  a  seat 
the  Liberal*  in  a  Slovak  district.  In  social 
•rffiittfff  the  new  party  was  closely  affiliated  to 
ih+  An*'  aealtes  and  the  Christian  Socialists 
of  Austria,  and.  like  the  Utter,  it  was  encour- 


by  the 


>f  the  Vatican,  whose 


was  not  only  to  preserve  the  prerogatives  of 

'lungary,  but  to  und.-r- 
the  triple  alliance  and  restore  the  tem- 


thr  Church  in 


y  to  pres 

\     ••  .  i 


peoially  in  the  districts  having  a  large  Slav  popu- 
..  look  an  active  part,  threat ming  ' 
\  peasantry  with  the  vengeance 

if  they  opposed  the  Ultramontane  candidates, 

ami  administering  oaths  at    ma--   binding   the 
members  of  their  congregations  to  give  their 
votes  as  the  Church  desired.    The  public  au- 
thorities on  their  part  re-  u  and 
Intimidation, sending  n-oopx  mt<.  the  doubtful 
•s  and   making  many  arrests.     The  elec- 
.    tumultuous.     All  the  ministers 
~ill.se. jliellt    b\-e|ertl"li  the 
:iiiinit  candidate  was   counted   in  only  by 
annulling  a  number  of  votes  that  were  de 

o  Liberal  candidate  thus  irregularly 
elected  declined  to  take  the  seat,  and  another 
•n  was  necessary.     While   the   ministers 
deprecated  the  formation  of  a  |K>liti<  al  p., 
religious  lines  as  a  great  danger  to  the  country, 
..tii-aii  gave  public  supjH.rt    to  the  move- 
in  the  form  of  a  letter  In-m  Leo  X  1 1 1   to 
Count  /idiy.  approving  the  new  union  of  < 
lie-  that  hail  IH-CII  formed  for  the  defense  of  the 
rights  of  the  Church  and   the  religious  dignity 
of  Hungary   in  the   Parliament.      In   March  a 
papal  allocution  was  issued  containing  a  protest 
the  civil-marriage  law,  which  hau  been 


poral  power  of  the  Pope.  The  programme  of 
the  Hungarian  Ultramontane  Democrats  de- 
clared that  their  object  was  to  preserve  the 
rtabliin  character  of  the  social  order,  to  heal 
the  wounds  inflicted  upon  the  Catholic  Church 

in  Hungary  as  well  as  elsewhere,  and  to  watch    promulgated  and  would  go  into  force  on  Dec. 
over  the  economic  and  political  interests  of  the    1,  1 980, 
people  and  the  country.    Taking  then  -und  on 
i  mgarian  Constitution  ami  the  compromise 
of  1867.  they  demanded  a  revision  of  the  laws; 
the  inviolability  of  the  rights  and  liberties  of 
the   Catholic  Church;    freedom    of   education 
throughout  the  whole  course  of  public  instruc- 
tion for  Catholics  and  for  other  creeds ;  considera- 
tion of  the  interests  of  agriculturists,  particu 


lariy  of  small  proprietors,  in  matters  relating  to 
customs  and  communications ;  legislation  to  se- 
ine welfare  of  the  agricultural  population  ; 
i  to  provide  for  the 


Sin  the  way  of  credit  of  small  agri- 
l  trailers  and  facilities  for  the  more 
le disposal  of  agricultural  produce;  the 
of  a  more  just  system  of  taxation,  the 
fixing  by  law  of  a  minimum  income  required 
for  existence  according  to  the  Hungarian  con- 
ditions of  life,  which  shall  be  free  from  al  1  taxa- 
tion, and  a  tax  on  transactions  in  the  stock  ex- 
change ;  simplification  of  the  system  of  taxation, 
such  a»  will  enable  every  taxpayer  to  estimate 
exactly  the  amount  of  his  contributions ;  protec- 
tion of  small  tradesmen  and  laborers  against  t  he 
competition  of  large  manufacturers  and  capital- 
ists; regulation  of  the  relations  exist  ing  between 
th«  employer  and  his  work  people,  particularly 
the  protection  of  the  family  and  of  the  moral 
and  physical  interests  of  the  laborers,  together 
with  an  extension  of  working-class  insurance 
and  ssore  stringent  refulatioaa  regarding  periods 
of  rest;  administrative  reform  that  is  not  cal- 
culated to  increase  the  power  of  the  state  and 
exclude  the  co-operation  of  the  people;  friendly 
consideration  of  the  claims  of  the  nationalities 
as  far  as  is  consistent  with  the  unity  and  na- 
tional character  of  the  Hungarian  state:  the 
reform  of  sleet  oral  abases  and  the  establishment 
of  an  adequate  system  of  identification. 

The  People's  party  put  forward  candidates  in 
the  six  districts  where  the  newly  appointed  min- 
isters were  seeking  re  ejection.  The  priests,  es- 


The  interference  of  the  priests  in  the  elections 
provoked  the  Lilwrals  to  proposealaw  in  Parlia- 
ment to  punish  members  of  the  clergy  who  thus 
abuse  their  oftice  and  to  disqualify  a  candidate 
who  makes  use  of  religious  services  or  church 
edifices  for  electioneering,  who  promises  voters 
religious  benefactions  or  threatens  them  with 
ecclesiastical  penance,  or  who  exhibits  at  elec- 
toral meetings  objects  of  religious  veneration  or 
such  as  are  used  in  church  ceremonies. 

The  resolute  attitude  of  the  Liberals  was 
shown  in  the  election  of  ex-Mini-ter  S/ilagyi  to 
the  presidency  of  the  Chamber  on  Jan.  21  by  a 
majority  of  60.  The  two  remaining  ecclesiastico- 
pputiosj]  bills  were  submitted  to  the  Chamber  of 
Magnates  when  it  met  on  March  '20.  At  the 
suggestion  of  Count  Emerich  Szechenyi  the  bill 
f-»r  freedom  of  worship  was  amended  by  striking 
out  a  provision  that  the  legal  position  of  persons 
belon^in^  to  no  received  01  :•  li^ioti 

should  IN-  regulated  by  a  special  ordinance,  which 
could  not  be  revoked  or  amended  without  the 
approval  of  the  Legislature.  The  bill  for  the 
tion  of  the  Jewish  faith  among  the  state 
us  was  rejected  on  March  24,  but  it  was 
passed  by  the  casting  rote  of  the  President  on 
May  15.  when  the  bills  were  returned  from  the 
lower  house.  A  clause  providing  for  the  adop- 
tion by  Christians  of  the  Jewish  creed  was,  how- 
ever, suppressed.  The  religious  freedom  bill 
was  again  mutilated  by  the  striking  out  of  the, 
clauses  relating  to  persons  having  no  religious 
pn 'f<  •& >ii. 

Of  the  ecclesiastical  reforms  that  ha/1  already 
become  law  the  state  registration  of  civil  mar- 
riages and  the  law  relating  to  the  religion  of  the 
children  of  mixed  marriages  went  into  operat  ion 
on  Oct.  1,  1895.  In  the  ceremony  of  civil  mar- 
riage the  official  is  bound  to  inform  the  contract- 
ing parties  that  the  fact  of  having  gone  through 
the  civil  form  of  marriage  does  not  absolve  them 
from  the  fulfillment  of  their  religious  obligations. 


B. \ITI8T8L 


nbtioff  the  relijrkm.  training  of  the  children 

of    |«r 

f    ,       ...-. !,-r,        ...„   I  i,»<        •.••-,..»    M      .--.' 

'*ryto 

Ihr   U«  V  «n.l    brought    oil    thr   »  holr 


ia«l  to  deelan*  thai  Count 


•  iia%Ma\I  ti  »f  i  • 

the   abarn& 


...      H      ifl    '.».»•*        :rawl 

.  the  Vatican.     It 

Baron  Itanffy.  in  o'tnmumcation  with  the  Ki 
*„,      aj|  i.  ring  a-hal        .••••  •     i  an  .•    r.  |  »•  : 
-  k  •     »   '.  ....  thai  Mdj  li  <••••.  r. 
jeeud  bj  the  House  of  Magnate*,  the  |*|»1 
MH  -.  M.T     Ifiiardl,  wanl  t..  Brafafj  H  .1 
It  WM  a aoaroely dbfuised 


of 

had    rt- 
affair*  of  liunganr.     ftarun  lUiiffy  went  aft  once 

a!  eiplanation*.     He  Irt 
undervtood  that  he  wovld  not  remain  at  hi*  poat 

of  th»  nundo  wer»  not  aofnofed,  and  if  th«- 

faithfully 
ei.t  ...   r- 


n-*l*Ull«  r  to  thr 
already 


Mgr. 

:.-    -;  .1  kflft   '..     ,.-••..       .-  • 

Kalnok?  with  the  reoueat  that  it  be  forwarded 
Vatican.    In  bis  note,  dated  April  96,  the 

II   .-  ,»-    ,  .    !'-.  r    .   .'    '•:,.!   •••     .      ;-'    U    M .... 

mgn  Affair*  that  he  would  I  . 
'•»  an  inteniellallon   in   thr  «   hatuU-r.  mid 

should  say  that  the  |«i«l  nuncio  had  exceeded 
h^  hwoUoos  .o  «  foreiim  rrprwenu 

^  of  an 


anhawador.  ami  thai  rrprtwntatioiu  had  bean 
made  at  the  Vatican  Kalimkr. 

amwer.  ezpraawd  the  opinion  that  the  conduct 
of  the  nuncio  ahowed  a  reprebeoaiUe  want  of 
Urt,  ami  that  if  he  had  rrallr  iw  t.-,l  in  the  m 
ner  deathbed  he 


IM  LMtote,  vkan  Kin  <  M  * 

.1  the  GOT- 
trnment,  the  intenreiit  ion  ..f  ti,,-  Vnti.-m. 

•  ic*  wa*  not  reeentrd  an  j.  > 

Ilunirarr.  th«  protect  ..f  th.   DuMa- 

nn»  GofaTWM  Bl  -*.i^  D  •'  f  fWai  !•  i  ||  ••:.  •  t  i' 
was  krnt  hack  in  onlcr  that  it  might  be  couched 
in  diplomatic  phraawtUt  would  baraMmiae  with 
MM  diTarfi  nt  poll  i  t  UM>  ti  manuw  ita, 

Baron  llanffy.  in  n-pl>int;  t..  the  interpellation 

that  the  influence  of 

«  in  eeelaaiafUcal  mat  ten  could  not 


1  Mid  thai  thi* 
iiatitntion  wae 


MbU»had'iaUM 


Foreijrn  OOot 

thr  v|,«.  of  the  H 
fard  to 


affair*  of  Hungary.    Ooi 
the  papal  nuncio,  while 
malic  repf«atntativa.be!d  a  diftV 
fact  from  the  repraaMitatitat  of 

l«-au^    he    WS,    »U,    thr 

Catholic  Church  in  a 
KalnokY.  in  hit  oomaj 

iranan  ('rrmicr,  li»l  in.ftr.1  upon  a  forma    a»- 
•urance  that  in  future  no  parliamentary  eoav 
maS7  BniBimiiU   the 


Ministry  of  Koreijm 
and  form  have  beeni 


in  which  the 
on  April  17 amid  that  he  wae  iwdy  tocomplain 
at  the  Vatican  of  the  tactleaf  procWian  of  the 
nuncio.  Toted  that  Baron  It 

would  at  onre  be  made  wae 
Count  KalnokiH had  pmefd  hwnaifftv 
„:  th-  aaadVd  •-.-  lauti  -  K     • 

ant  Joeef  I.  in  nrw  of  the  critical  politi- 
cal situation  in  Austria  a*  wrll  a*  in  Hungary. 
wae  unwilling  to  part  with  either  the  Pnwtai 
Minister  or  the  Hungarian  Premier,  and  the*e- 
fore  wished  to  treat  th,.r  di 


SMH     r.rv 

n  abeyance  the 

•licy.      He  01 
Kalnoky  on  May  6 


The 

not  aatiefy  the  Hunearian 
in  interpellation,  in  which 


to  vindicate  the 
nflluncary.    A*  the 
llaron   llanffy  to 
May  l.V  »- 
wae  accepted  by  the  Kmperor. 


.  ••     f 
•  «» 


II  \rils  IN       Htal       r*.-The   -American 

churchm    in    tl.  '*r  of 

chun*he^:r  mem- 

of  baptism*  dunr 

t.    The  Sunday  schools  returned 

vl|   :     .;  iN. 


n 


i:  \1T1V1S. 


preparing  f«r  the  n 

,        .     . 

f 

iios*  for  both  rang  •*• 
i  puiils  and  $ 

i  •        >••« 

Indiana,  wilh  4J*H  pupils  and   $ 

dag.  m  all  159  institutions,  with 
ITS.  1IJ887  pupil*.  8,7 1. '»  "f  «hom 

- 

r  the  property  of  these  in-t  •- 
is  in  the  form  of  ground* 
and  buttdiagsaod  $15.519.579  in  ei. 
The  schools  having  the  most  valuable  p' 
if  are  th*  TnirmitT  of  Chicago,  $5,tt< 

i 

$IJH078:  aw!  Colombia  t'nivenutv.  > 
Mbrth  America,  ootaide 
ithrfiim  th.-  British  i.roviiu^  M 
» .  t ,.  Jamaioa.  other  West  India  islands, 
and Oeatral  America. are  returned  1,066  chun  li- 
es, tTS  ministers.  131.316  members,  and  8,4*1 
hsytlmn  during  the  rear;  in  South  An 
(Algentiai  Republic,  Brazil,  and  Patagoi. 

If  ministers.  *48  members,  and    i.v.i 
in   Kurope  (Austria-Hungary. 

1  France,  Germany,  Great  Britain 
olland.  Italy.  Norway.  Koumania 
ami  littl|faria,Ru»4aan  1  Poland.  Spain.  Sweden, 
Ms48witxrrland).S355 church^. :t.Ul  ministers, 
4MJM  memban.  and  94,756  bai.t>M,,s:  i,, 
(Asssvm,  Burmah,  Ceylon, China.  India 


the  Telugw.  Japan.  Orissa,  and  Palestine), 
ehirehsa.  56S  ministers,  111,010  members,  and 
5.705  baptisnii;  in  Africa.  65  churches, 86  minis- 

II  members, and  469  baptisms;  in 

909  churches.  15S  minister* 


158  ministers.  17.92H  m<  m- 
bm,  and  1J804  baotisms;  total  for  th,  w,,r|.l. 
44j098diarchea.  81.700  ministers.  4,848,854  n.  in 

••  •     .    .  .:-.:•<.     .:•  -•.-.  .:•     ,     ,  ...  .•    •.  ,-, 


frooi  UM  ptvrioos  fear  of  1.8»  ministers.  1«>). 
.147  members,  and  HOT  baptisms 


during  the 


in  Wi 


iu 


fi  .  ,••,--.,  /;,,„',,'  c,,,,- 
lUpt^t  „  met 

li  •  .  HayS     n     Ber.Jona- 
wae  unanimously  re-elected  presi- 


N: 


Board  reports!  that 
$185,417,  of  whid, 


•       .. 

•mouat  the  churches  had  contributed 
a  bnprMm  than  ever  before,  and  that 'the  debt 


»ad  W«  rsdnead  to  fSOjDOO.  Six  missionaries 
bad  b«n  sent  out  during  the  year,  but  th- 
muabrr  wa*  not  sufficient  to  replace  those  who 

•.-.'•     ••,.      N,   .     r., 
.-        . 

v  mold  not  be  accepted  for  want  of 
omppnrt  them.  The  report*  from  tlu- 
faUi  Aowed  that  in  O.iim 

80  out  «4*t  i«.n».  41  missionariet,  85 
*,  and  1.131  m<-mt> 

had  bam  baplin.1  during  t  ho  ynar :  in  Japan, 
1  church,  8  out  stations.  6  missionaries.  5  native 
worker*  40  member*,  and  9  baptism* 
4  rhurrbea.  7  roimonarir*.  6  nat 
mrmb^r*.    and   67   baptisms:    in 
ohorchat.  80  missionaries.  1.180  members,  and 


996  baptisms;  in  Brazil.  14  churrhe*.  14  mi«~ 
eionaries.  610  members,  and  188  baptism*:  and 


in   Italy,  with   principal  star  i.-n<  in   K'.'nir  ami 
FlorrinV.  18 churchea, 46 out  statinnv. ;{  m. 

.  and  -js 
baptisms.    Sondar schooli  ami  <la\  M')I«>. 

OODOaoted  With  all   these  nn--i..ii«..     The  cnntn- 

thr    nntivi-    «-hurrhi^    aiimiint,  ,1    to 

{6,458.  an  avi-racc  »f  ncnrly  $ l.SMl  p.-r  nifinlii-r. 

,    in.-   Mi--  had  n-crivi-d  during 

.    -.•:.-.:.  •  r  $15319  mow  than  in  the 

previous  Vcat.     It    had  IM-^IUI   the  year*  it  h   a 

debt  of  $6.7«;::.  and  had  inrt  all 

paid  $».470  «ui  a  house  of  worship  in   N 

Una,  had  reduced  ti,,   d.ht  t..  *I.KK».  and  had 

a  small   halanre    in  th.    i  h    had  ein- 

pluyed  -rj'i  iiii--i«niaries  an  [nonoM  nf  -M.  under 

whose  labors  178  churches  ha<l  I  :!iite<l. 

uws   of   wor-hip    built.    7.WJ    Mibl.  -  and 

menfci  and  584,988  tracts  ili>tril.uted.  and 

(Arsons  bapti/ed.      Sevmty-tivr    n 

airiat  had  been  at  work  in  the  Indian  Territory 

and    Oklahoma.      Institutes    had    I n    held    n"i 

Georgia  and  Alabama  at  which  colored  pastors 
had  been  given  instruction.  Progress  was  re- 
ported of  work  annul;:  the  (n-rinans.  Tin-  re- 
portf  from  Cabft  WWI  meau'er  and  not  definite. 
I'he  report  of  the  hoard  contained  the  rell 
that  "notwithstanding  all  that  has  been  done 
by  our  churches  and  mi— ion  boards  since  1845, 
and  the  tfrcat  success  that  has  attended  our 
efforts,  kM  liaptists  having  increased  from 
450,000  U>  -J.;^.i;i  (including  the  colored 
churches)  in  this  Southern  land,  then-  are  more 
unregenerate  persons  within  the  limits  of  this 
convention  than  there  wen-  fifty  year- 
The  Sun. lay-school  Board  had  received  fr- 
ag against  $48,539  the  year  before.  Itsbencvoi,  nt 
work  included  pits  in  money  to  or^ani/at  ions 

and  to  the  Foreign   Mission    i 
for  Bible  schools  in  foreign  field",  amounting  in 
all  to  $4,375;  gift*  of  literature  amounting  to 
*l.l'.K)  to  needy  schools, and  full  sets  of  j.ul.li<a- 

to  all  the  missionaries  of  the  Foreign 
Board  and  some  of  the  Home  Board ;  and  gifts 
of  Bibles  to  the  needy,  for  which  $351  were  ex- 
pended. A  report  urging  the  introduction  by 
the  churches  of  the  tithing  system  for  raising 
money  was  adopted.  The  report  of  a  confer- 
enee  held  at  Fort  n-s  Monroe  with  the  American 
BaptiM  Iloni,-  Mi  — ionary  Society  with  reference 
to  oo-oparatioti  in  the  work  among  the  colored 
people  was  adopted.  A  committee  was  appoint- 
ed to  devise  plans  for  reaching  the  masses  of 
the  Southern  Bapti-t*  in  the  interest  of  mis- 
sions. A  n-port  respecting  young  peoplft'i 
ings  recommend^  that  rach  charcoal  as  wi-h  to 
have  young  people's  meetings  shoald  do  aof  bat 
that  each  church  should  keep  entire  ,-,,nt  rol  of 
the  meeting,  and  pastors  shou Id  keep  the 
ties  in  clow;  sympathy  with  the  Southern  Baptist 

ration,     Mr.  Alberto  .1.   hi;,/,  the  n, 
ary  of  the  convention   in  <  'uba.  has  under  his 
c-hargr.    in    different    part-    of    the    M;,nd.    '^7 
churches    and    statior  ..ined    mini-ters 

(besides  manv  unordaim-,1   lab.  |   -Mnday 

M-h.K.N  with  L»/228  teachers  and  pupils,  and  2,600 
church  members. 

Mi  — ionary  I'nion  returned  re- 
sources amounting  to  $24,088,  including  $5,000 
raised  to  oay  off  the  debt. 

•nee  in   the   interest  of  the  Young 
People's  Societies  was  held  in  Washington  pro- 


BAPTIST* 


:  • 


of  the  convention. 
aaaaaal 

'. 
JM  Bauti»t 

-i.-.- aaUanbi   r  •-. 

U  organisation.    A  motion, 

• 

-Thaafarty-thml  an- 
a  American  Baptist 

been  begun  with  a  debt  ax- 

it h  a  prospect,  at  the  usual 
of  adding  from  $90,000  to 


K'artlink' 


amount  added  U.I  n 
Eleven   hi 

«•!  I 

l«art  I.)   the  society, 
the  New  Knrtand  ot 


N 
D 

• 
•    • 


$7,000. 

lea,  teachers,  ami 

••  «i..ilv  or  in 
><:  In 


itoriai.inclu.linu' 

i  ...... 

j      >-    .,.,.;:....»     M 
,        •  .• 

ritish  ColumUa; 
labored  among 


lull 
out 


Witt 


plied  1.U33  churvhea  and 

:•„•  •  l.ur-  h  mem- 
aptism  during  the  Tear, 
d.  I.1.1  r-1  Sundai  •  ha  h 
' 


pupiknn.'l  *'.'!.  I 


miatg  iidad 

•  i.  i  :«  r  r 

•          M 

•ahools  in  tlah  and  1  MI  N.-«  Mexico,    of  the 
88  *cho..N  for  the  colored  people,  I5~inclu.li.,.- 

*•< Inry 

or  «.-«.!. 'iiu.    Mhooli      »-  r.    undi  r  ".••  •  Btfa    •     I 
asters,  but 

education,  and 

:>•  by  the  - 

rustees.      In    all    the 
•  lorvd  people,  888  taachett  were 

minis- 
119  ware  prrpar 


••fr-»i,.n«|  eoune,3ft  in  the  mUri 
tinmir  eourae,  89  in  the  numr«»'  training 
oounr,  an  •  i  •  red  STfttetnat  io  t  rain  - 

M>mc  liti.-  of  industrial  work.      !'«••  hun- 
-.-I  tm  ptipiU  W.T.-  ,  nr..;:..i  in  the achoob 
f  whom  w,-n-  M 

.;    tho    ten:  ••    Mexicans.     Beaidai 

two  Women    H        N:  ...      .  -.  -       • 


rvlationa  of  the 


etv  with  the 
of  the  Houth.  which  were  cJled  out  by 


discussions  in  the  report  of  the  previous  year 
.  MmfsMtfc  i  riain  '.-•  •  •  •  .  ••  .  > 

fires  weretu|>f«»rd  to  be  of  incendiary  origin,  and 
of  the  taachen.  to  Southern  hostility  to  asm 

-.•••:.!:,•  '  !          f  n .  •  •  •  :         .-      • 

:...'.•  .    •      .    .     '         .  '       .         '        •     ; 

that  one  of  them  was  accidental;  another  «a.» 
pn.Ul.ly  instigated  by  personal  malice;  and 

Columbia,  a  ('.,  positive  proof  was  muling 
-That."  however.  -  there  is.  unfortui  .• 
tensive  though  not  unurr^l  prejudice  in  the 
Againal  higher  adneation 

;-...'    •         ...       .;     .    . 

an/ that  this  prejudice  has  seriously  hindered 
<-ur  work,  is  ca|*blr  of  overwhelming  proof. 
The  most  atrioos  event  alluded  »«  re- 

port-the  brutal  bratinc  of  Prof.  Reddick  bv 
white  men  for  tK*  nffstias  of  tr^Aim  anA 

ws»ss*%7       a«aw       »**•        iimavJ      laamamjaamar     «Ji      iar^av«>iaaE     ajamjaaj 

•'.  .     '      •        !'          .    •         •    .  •          -  .       ••      . 

baa  been  not  only  no  violence  exhibited  toward 
our  work,  but  there  baa  been  manifested  a  grow- 
tog  sj  preciation  of  its  importai 

.1  its  wisdom.  W,  believe  there  is  a 
great  I  v  improved  public  sentiment,  imong  a 
large  body  of  Southern  people, certainly,  regard- 
ing this  whole  matter."  Illustration*  «••. 
given  of  ti  ng  condition.  The  belief 

rssrtl  that  the  pun  of 


•  rn  and  Southern  Baptist*  would  ha 
IIP -I  in  nvc  of  remits  of  a  high  order,  especially 

.•;-..:.••.-.        '         •..'.•- 

work  by  t  he  negro  evangelists* 

The   original    charter  of    this    sncirty    waa 
granted  in  IKK.  and  contemplated  aimply  -the 

U  Amerfei-  In 
i  drMral.l.-  to  amend  the  char- 
t  was  still  further  emended  so 

tenanca  of  schools  for  fnidmaa  hi  theSoath. 

t  has  bran  found  daalraole  still  further  to 

•  scope  of  the  society,  so  as  to  snahh 

•al.li^h. maintain. and axl  lU^ut churches 

establish  and  care  for  srhnols   to  coanartioa 

:t*  mLNM««anr  work.     It  was  already  ao- 

thoriasd  to  take  and  hold  nicrssanr  nral  rstale 

and  receive.  accumaUte,  and  bold  in  t  rust  en- 

frrrdssen's 

trd  fOQuOOO  a  year,  and  to  hold  rral 

.-»taie  and  endowment  fends  for  its  general 

provided  the  income  did  not  excerd  *!«•.- 


000  a  year.    By  amendments  to  the  char 
ceolly  obtained  in  the  Su  these 

••-••--.     :••        • 

Pabllcstlon  Society. -The  wvrnty-fint  an- 
nual meeting  of  the  American  Baptist  Publics* 
tk«  Socstty  was beWalSanUogvN  V.Jane  1, 


RAPT1ST& 


TW  mripu  from  Mitt  had  Mm  f«B,7W. 
•tpinst  $07,00?  in  IHM.WH!  from  other  sources 
tlMOa  The  ram  of  $6.766  had  »«-n  tram- 
SISdl  torn  the  pmflU  of  ib*  publishing  do- 


'  -    .  ' 

I.I  th. 
ml 


n, 


388ES 

ftflfl     WHB     Hs^B*^*«     *   I 


,,f  ti.r  pnbUshtaf 
issionary  depart  mmL     The 
ved  for  fable  work  hn 

received  for  missionary 
r-three  new  psjntteations 
which  atUSD  had  been 
missionaries  and  workers 
been  employed,  in  connection  with  whose 

SSlf"'^^^!^ '     toLy*fiS 
Aay  iBAnnii  aided  by  cif  i-*  of  t  he  Scriptures, 
books,  etc.  and  M  ministers  aid.-d  in  Brants 
.raries.    Three  chapel  cars  had  been 
in  nytrrtfrft  alone  lines  of  railroad,  visiting 
destiuTu  places,  with  the  result  ,,f  many  con- 
fl  I  ft  I' III     A  resolution  was  unanimously  adopt- 
ed protestiiig  agatost  the  arrest  at  .d  pun'ishm-nt 
of  prrsons  who,  having  oonscietc 


UM  seventh  day  as  a  day  for  religions  rest  and 
on  the  first  day  of  the  week  con- 
•gaged  in  labor  which  in  no  wise 
as  a  violation  of  the 
rights  of  religion*  1 1  \   •-.'•:• -ir«  was 

directed  with  the  American  Bible  S-.-i.-ty  r— 
sperting  the  circulation  ..f  the  Scriptures  in  lan- 
i  other  than  Knglish.  that  its  co-operation 


may  be  secured  for  publishing  -'""i  distributing 
the  versions  made  by  Baptist  missionaries  and 
approved  by  Baptist  missionary  societies. 

Mlssieaary  I  aloa.-The  eightieth  annual 
mssting  of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary 
Union  was  bald  at  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  T.,  be- 
ginning  May  27.  The  society  had  begun  the 
vear  with  a  debt  of  $206^96,  in  view  of  which 
it  hail  bean  obliged  to  reduce  its  appropriations 
by  §109.000.  On  this  basis  it  had  m 
year*  appropriation*  and  reduced  the  debt  by 
the  amount  ..f  *i::.<tt'.«.  Th-  total  income  of 
the  society  had  been  $661.255.  The  appropria- 
tion had  amounted  to  $564800,  and  $88.416  had 
been  added  to  the  permanent  fund  and  bond  ac- 
count A  noteworthv  feature  of  the  work  abroad 
was  the  increase  of  the  number  of  self -*upport- 
ing  churches  in  heathen  lands  from  377  to  458, 
and  of  self-supporting  schools  f  .869. 

Other  items  of  increase  were:  Missionaries,  8 ; 
native  preachers,  88:  churches,  41  ;  church 
bars,  «TO;   pupil,  in  Sunday  schools, 


Connected  with 


to  "nominally  rim*. 


"  lands  were  1,167  preachers;  with  missions 
the   heathen.  1.058;  making  in  all  2,280; 
churches  to  the  former  missions,  866 


ter,  787;  making  a  t«ul  of  1  r.-Vt. 


in  the  lat- 
Th- baptisms 


during  the  year  numbered  11  7!<1       1 
membership  to  the  churches  wa 


was  190.998,  and 

ler  of  pupil-  in  Sunday  schools  92.826. 
of  contributions  spent  on  the  I 
•MjBl     An  amended   constitution  for  th- 
Union  was  adopted,  among  the  features  of  which 
an*  th*  mjuirrracni  that  at  least  one  fifth  of  th- 
board  of  managers  shall  be  women,  and  the  con- 
stitution of  the  presidents  of  th«-  worn 
missionary  societies  savojleib  members  of  th- 
board  of  managers.    An  application  on  In-half 
of  the  minion  of  the  Rev.  A.  Ben  niirl  to  tho 
n  Jerusalem  to  be  taken  under  the  care  of 
the  Onion  was  referred  to  the  ) 
mittee.    A  committee  on  self-support  on  foreign 


.  .•Mimni'mlini:  steps  t<> 
Th-  tru-  anil,  tin-  r«-|...rt  -aid.  l 

the  planting  of  native  church--*  that  \\iii  l>- 
self-supporliii);    and    r-pr<..lu(  i  i\,  .    in\<. 
motlificaiion  of  the  rx<-osi\-   ami    s-n:  iiii-ntal 
•  hirli   many  f-.  1    \\ith    r--ar.l    toth-hanl-- 
ships  that  the  Datives  must  undergo.    l'i 
tkmata  giving  shonid  be  urged:  to,  al-<..  nati\r 

rhun-lu-s  should  be  plain  in  ar-hit-ctun'  and 
•  •hruplv  const  rurtrd  ;  th-  n.n^n-piti..n  rath-r 
than  tne  missionary  should  make  thr  rhoj.-.-  ,,f 
the  pastor,  and  the"  prai-tic-  in  -"iii-  church-s 
of  pending  money  to  Mijiport  native  |.i«ai-h-t^ 
.should  IM-  di^-onrapMl.  Some  form  of  indnsirial 
education  also  .should  he  maintained  in  conn-c- 
;h  th-  mis-ion.  A  resolution  was  adopt- 
ed favoring  the  formation  of  home-mission  so- 
cieties  in  all  missions,  so  that  lessons  of  self- 
support  may  be  taught  t«>  the  converts. 

nih-r  So.-i-tics.-Thc  total  receipts  of  the 

I'.aptist  M'liKiiti  ar  had  been 

LI,  of  whirh   Mr.  John  I>.  Rockefeller  had 

(ontriliuted  $10,001.     Payments  of  $16,280  had 

•  •  •  13  colleges  which  had  collected  alto- 

p-t  her  $76.007  of  endowment  pledges  ;  making  a 

total    addition    to    th-ir    endowment     funds  of 


Th-   Woman's   Ilapti-t    1! 

ciety,  Chicago,  had  had  in  it-*  employ  during 
the  whole  or  part  of  the  year  114  missionaries, 
at  82  stations,  among  native  .\m-ri<ans  Ku- 
ropean  populations,  Jews,  Indian-,  n-irr  »<  •-.  <  ln- 
nese.  Mormons,  and  Mexicans.  It  and  it-  aux- 
iliaries co-operate  with  the  .  \m-rican  I'.apn-t 
Home  Mi-sion  S(x-iety  and  with  State  and  Ter- 
ritorial conventions  on  the  front  i«r  in  the  sup- 
port of  certain  teachers  and  I.CII-I'K  iai  i--.  for 
which  it  had  contributed  $5,062  during  t  li 
At  the  thirteenth  annual  commencement  of  its 
training  school,  June  20,1804,  1'J  American.  1 
Swedish.  :*  (ii-nnan.  and  1  Icelandic  pupils  were 
graduated  ;  all  but  2  of  whom  entered  the  mis- 
sion service  in  some  form.  A  movement  has 
made  considerable  progress  for  the  estanlM.- 
m-nt  of  a  training  school  for  colored  women. 
The  total  receipts  of  the  society  for  the  year 
were  $64,120,  and  the  disbursements  sfO'J  . 

Th-  work  of  the  Woman's  Baptist  II«  >m 
sion  Society,  centered  at  Boston,  Mass.,  is  chi-fly 
educational.    Sixty  teachers  were  under  appoint- 
m-nt  in  IHJM.  for  whose  work  $27,000  ha«i' 

led.     Th-ir  fi-ld  embraced  Alaska,  China. 
o,  th-  Indians  of  the  United  States,  etc. 

'I'h-    tw-nty-foiirth    annual    meeting    of    the 

Woman'*  I'.aptist  Foreign  Missionary  Society  of 

*t  was  held  at  Fort  Wayne,*Ind..  April 

18.    The  financial  report  snowed  a  de- 

fi-i-n.  v   for  the  year  on  general    account    of 

$9,530,  the  receipts  having  been  $1 

;  -rid  it  ures  $52,808.  The  receipts  for  the 
Home  f,,r  Missionaries'  Children  were  $l."»Hi, 
and  the  -xjwnses  $1,669,  but  a  d-fici-ncy  was 
averted  by  the  aid  of  a  cash  balance  from  the 
previous  year.  The  society  had  47  missionaries 
m  the  field,  with  2  under  appointment,  110 
BibI-  women,  and  37  schools,  with  2.050  pupils 
and  loo  n.v  icrs.  Muring  the  year  4 

new  missionaries  were  sent  out  and  2  returned 
to  their  fields,  and  110  baptisms  were  report  -d. 
Ten  candidates  were  under  appointment  or  in 
preparation. 


BAH 


n 


fifth  international  delegate  convention 

Haiti, 
more,  Md..  July 

-legate*.     The  ln«rd  of  man- 
agers reported  that  $14.33*4  had  been  raised  dur- 
>ear  toward  a  pmiMM-d  founding  fund 
of  ^V)  000,  making  the  whole  amount  secured  so 
tar>8M51     Sel  nice  fornisbet  tam  i    HMI 

tti.dti.. ->o,  r,,i  LMaratur.  •     ,r.      „  »i,i  h  H 
MBfassfeV  M  an  -   ate  ltd  a»  f.  ran     i  h  MI  • 
injs  of  the  convention  were  devoted  to  addresses, 
aaaflaHonal  discussions,  conferences,  and  reli- 

Otraiti  Baptist  Gtaeral  ..ce.— 

T!..  Qanaaj  n.n-r.-!  Triennial  «  amfl  MI  i  m  ? 

; 
mel  was  re-elected  moderator.     Although  ti,.- 


III  I 


Germany  and 


M  •        i:  <   •     r    •    ,     !•  !'•:,!,. 

miM*  i(  i»     »-»•  '•    '  '•'-•  -  :•     h     veata  n 

Uat  poUty/but  none  auggasfsd  isBrssii  of  ceo- 
tiaUsation  as  a  mnedyTPapari  referring  to  tas 

N,.  lyafanMst  »-."         •         '..-••.'  .... 
Books  in  the  U  \,y  the 

ud  "Types  of  ." 

•ami   Theol  n      b]   UM   Ki    i-    \    s      - 
-TheBi  au   toS: 

;;.  <  orpomti  M  aid  •••  r  i..,.,    •.          .     • 
Mstai  E  /.  papsi  mA  to  -•  BoiLT.l    DM 
merth  in  reference  to  railroads,  and  a  paper  by 
Union  W.  Small  in  reference  to  trastaana 

::.).[•...-        •        .'    •     •      '       I     •    I"     - 

ical  lUsis  of  Morality.**  the  appointed  spatters 
«t.  the  RevTa  R  Hearer. 


>e  closing  addn 
.11  and   the  "R. 


n  a 


HBMHH  f,  \n  •  •'  "  VM  -l.t,  rn.;:  id  uj  I  It 
raine  UM  turn  of  ^HHMNNI  for  the  mpport 
German  profeawn,  and  aubacriplions  of  $10,000 
amount  were  taken  up  in  the  confer- 
ence. Demand*  for  borne  mbsionarim  were  re- 
l-  ctad  -  ominf  m  frotn  -  n  r\  quarts  r.  A  qnea- 
lion  at  to  the  policy  of  continuing  (terroan 
t-liurrhea  aroae  oviag  the  diacuarion  of  this 
•.wht-n  tli«-  Ut-v.  .1.  (i  rim  in.-l,  moderator, 
said  thnt  Mirh  <  !mr.  h.-  Motil.l  U-  neccaaary  at 
long  M  immigration  .  ..niinu.  ,|.  It  would  be  no 
gain  f  Mgdom  or  nca  if 

tbeae  churchea  should  too  soon  becoi: 


and  Smith  Baker.  M.I).    The 

on -The  lUtitism 
Uk  Bev,  r  I.  •  Lapd 
Sand.  The  reading  of  the  papers  by 

appointed  speakers  on  each  topic  presented  was 

BMBban  -f  UM  •  MII  • 

tisk  llsptist  ValoB.-Th* 
ing  of  the  Baptist  Union  of  ( 
Ireland  was  bald  in 
H     Ite  Rfi   •'    G 
presided.     The  report  of  the 
that  All 47.626  had  been 


new  chapels,  £80^576  on  improresneo 
achooliTetcrand  £50.166  in  |*ringdebtsi  Sis 
ssaociationa,  1  college,  48  churcbea,  and  18  per- 
sonal members  had  joined  the  Union  during  th* 
Tear.  A  question  bad  been  raised,  at  the  au- 
tumnal meeting  in  IHtM,  on  th«-  ailnit%»i«>n  c.f  a 
woman  who  had  been  appointed  as  a 
Win,  carded  this a| 

•lutionary  innoration."  H 


apeaki:  -t  of  the  10.000,000  G. 

in  German  if  they  are  to  understand  it.    The 
prooeai  of  assim  wever.  was  constantly 

>n.    Ten  thousand  German  members  had 
v  taken  oir  :«>r*  and  j.-m.-l  Kng- 

li^li--jH-«lNi!ii:  .Kur.h.--     ••  H    proof  '      I  hr  lloim- 
Mission  Society  thnt  ih.-ir  work  had  : 
rain."     Arrangements  ware  making  for  the  co- 
o|HT7«tionofthe|  .thcAmer- 

irnn  Baptist  l*ul»lirati 

of  making  the  concern  a  part  of  that  society 

was  referred  to  a  committee,  to  report  to  the 

ial  conference.     Reports  of  the  or- 

.isylum   at    IxniiMillc.    k'y..  and   of    the 

Baptist  Coraes*.—  The  thirteenth  meeting 

theme  discnsaed   was 
was  considered  in  pa- 

i>hil.^>phiral  hesi^br  !' 
0,0!  Vassal  follrg,-:  it-  rabdon  to  the- 
oloffj-,  by  the  Her.  Dr.  A.  Hover  ;  and  ita  ethical 
bearing.*  bv  Prof.  Gordon  H.  'Moore,  D.D^  of 
Funnan  Unirersitr.  South  Carolina.  "Thr 
<  \  in  ralixatioo  of  Baptist  Polity  "  was  Jisooased 

TOL.    XXXV.—  6    A 


that  the  constitution  admitted  of  the 
mint  of  women  a*  delegates.  A 
adopted  with  reference  to  making  an  effort,  in 
connection  with  th.-  centenarv  of  the  Home 
fund  in  1897.  to  secure  it  an  adequate 

»i I.    „.  ._ ^  A  _  j     i_    •*-_ 

IDCTMW*    ii  WM  irpcwnicMi  n  UM 

that  the  average  income  of  the  mis- 
Mot,  pastors  was  about  So.  In  some  cases  it 
was  only  £60  or  £70.  Resolutions  were  passed 
that  the  meeting  -  views  with  the  greatest  dis- 
tress the  growth  of  gambling  among  all  classes 
of  the  community,  and  would  earnestly  call 
upon  the  Legislature  to  turn  their  serious  atten- 
tion t.  '.e  laws  already  existing,  and  to 


the  obiect    desired":    protesting   i 

.e*  that  had  been peipetraied  in  Armenia, 
and  calling  upon  the  Government,  -  in  accord- 
I  ith  treaty  obligations,  to  take  immediate 
steps  to  prevent  the  continuance  of  each  bar- 
barous persecution ':  authorising  an  appeal  to 
Parliament  to  appoint  a  national  board  of  con- 
nhntion  to  which  disputes  between  employers 
and  employed  may  be  referred,  with  a  view  to 

--**t««i    Hit       i_Iit_      .iLriM  .ilti.i   1  .      mm*A      til  ^t 

ssiussasm  wnn  prompiiiuce  ana  jusuce;  an- 
proving  the  WeJaTdiseatabUaiiment  bill,  hoping 
that  in  its  main  provisions  it  would  becomes 
law.  and  expressing  the  belief  that  all  State  es- 


tablishment of  religion  is  opposed  to  the  prog- 

«»  rt,-;***.  iri... ..!.,«.   ««r        ^.v,  : 

ress  01  vans* »  sangaom  on  eenn,  ana  conse- 
quently  to  the  best  interests  of  the  nation; 


B  LPTOT& 


veto  bill  (of  the  amle  of  in- 

-      '    '     •      ....    :. 
x*i*r*  and   Mibmil   to  the 


*ubmil   to  the 



uta  reply  to  his  wcrni  invitation  to  Bnf- 

CSferfctJaas  to  return  to  the  Church  of  Rome, 

UM  autumnal  asBetably  of  UM  Union  was 

.    ,    "•  •:      .,:-    ^   :.      .       .       :,    -  r   .'.I 

Iftt  ttnejriofj  of  Qntbuitaiain  ami  n-nni..n  which 
h*l\e*n    much   .liscuesed     A    n-ply,    in 
fona  of  an  addra*  to  the 

I 

-.    „          -  l-aj-eJ  court  inviting  a  re- 

tavato  th* Cntbolfc  fold.     In  it  the  -.o,-:. 

I  that  a  could  not ado|>t  the  position  "that 
unitv  of  opinion  is  an  indispensable 
of  Christian  Mlow^np  or  intercom. 
with  the  Roman  Church  is 
TOMOTII  nmpmmnmm  by  the  maintenance  of  be- 
UafiMMlpnieUoaswl 

the  flnt  principle*  of  Christ  We,  in  com,,, on 
with  a  vast  majority  of  English  ( 'hrist  ians,  are 
under  the  solemnly  pronounced  •anathct- 

i  Church  because  we  deny  the  follow- 


much    duruawl.     A    n-ply,    in    the 

i  addrve*  to  the  Rnflbh  people,  was 

»  UM  encyclical  which  had  been  pro- 

.ii«l  court  inviting  a  re- 


dofma  divinely  revealed  that  the 
en  be  speak*  «  AJ/ AWrd,  is  pos- 

..-.••••••          .          :    •: 


tfans  of  the  Roman  pontiff  are  irreformable.1— 
•/f-4*  I'^MMJI  dniiril 

-1  That  the  Apostle  Peter  was  'sppointed  the 
pftoee  of  all  the  sfostles  and  the  visible  head  of  the 
whole  Chwch  ndfitant';  and  -that  the  Roman  pon- 
tUf  b  the  eneeeanr  of  bleswd  Peter  in  this  primacy.' 
-flU. 

-  a  That  the  Vbfia  Mary  and  other  saints  are  our 
in  heaven,  and  that  •  it  is  good  and  useful 
to  invoke  them.'— /torw«  oftk*  Oo**cil 

\  That'hooor  and  veneration  'are  to  be  given  to 
•iaajni  of  Christ,  of  t' 
aatnav*  ahw  to  •  relie*  of  .ainu.'-  ibid. 

k  That  there  is  .npniorj,  and  that  the  nouls 
ar.  helped  by  the  .uflrage.  of  the  faith- 


C  That  Christ 


t  Chrte  instituted  an  order  of  sacrificing 

:  •n,.0£hiJU?>-1-<"^bl<^>-'MA 


•fChH^aodss 

sta 


are  otfbred  to  Ood.—  7J* 


that  eaeraoMntal  eoi 
7  Chrt*.-/**. 


^nttnfindul^neeswM 
to  salvation,  and 


/•W 


awanne  wm  maoe  in  this  addreai  to  the 
ftttetmllfttcr  of  UM  Archbianop  of  Canterbury 
•ajd  rroeveil  asmraiice  of  brntherlr  love  was 
made  to  all  reformed  Churche.  in  English^peak- 
-Tb*  tddreaiUMn  direSedlSSfto 
io  not  glory  in  the 
the  finite  and  de- 
the  Church  and  it,  fail- 
to  reach  the  divine  ideal,  which  WM.  how- 
*o«fht  more  ardently  and  with  more  ^fi- 
nite conceptions  of  ita  worth  and  world-wide 

£S°??L  £S  U  "y  ^U^  " :  wd.  con- 

»f  inrit*-  mrn  to  judge  and  condemn 

our  defect*,  bat  we  entreat  them  not  to  spurn 


the  ideal  because  too  sublime  for  present  nttain- 
<»r  because  it  has  been  travestied  by  un- 
\  iiiMiiiitimis  in  thr  |.a-«.     In  tin- greater 
n  ..f  iN-li.-f   all   C|iri>liuns,  iiu-luding    the 
Romanist*,  are  agreH  ;  \v  <lttr«-r  in  things  sup- 
plementary."   The  assembly  apjiiovr.l  the  work 
accomplished  4>y  school  boards  since  1870,  and 
demanded  that  the  school  board  system  be  ex- 
tended to  every  part  of  the  count  r\ .  ami  a  board 
school  be  pU< v.l  within  easy  and  reasonabl.  ,lis- 
tanoenf  i-vi-ry  family;  renewed  its  pr 
denominational   tenoning  ami  .-s;  de- 

i  that  all  pulilir  «  Icnn-ntary  schools  be 
iilac<Ml  umlrr  tin-  inaiiap-inrnt  of  boards  .  |,-ct.  ,1 

|KH>plo;  and  in>tructrd  tin-  munril  i.f  tlm 
Union  to  c(M)j>crate  with  other  rrpn-si-ntativc 
unions  and  confm-nccs  in  tin-  format imi  of  a 
national  vigilance  coinmittcc  for  tin-  mainte- 
nance of  the  rights  of  nonconformists.  Th*  as- 
M-moly's  protest  against  all  establishments  of  re- 
ligion by  the  state  was  renewed.  The  system  of 
local  oj-ti'.n  for  tin*  control  of  the  traffic  in  in- 
toxicating drinks  was  approved.  An  appeal  was 
made  at  the  meeting  of  the  Missionary  Society 
for  an  additional  income  ..f  £10,000,  simply  to 
maintain  present  operations  in  foreign  missions, 
leaving  n-enforeements  out  of  tin-  nllestion. 

i:.i|.ti-t  >li^ionar\  Society.— The  one  hun- 
dred and  third  annual  meeting  of  the  Baptist 
Missionary  S.M-iety  was  held  in  lx>ndon,  May  18. 
The  report  showed  that  the  total  receipts  on 
general  account  hud  been  £60,000,  or  i 
m- -re  than  in  1  s(.»:},  and  the  expenditures  hn 
£68,753,  showing  a  decrease  of  £1,868.  The  so- 
ciety's debt  hud  ri»en  from  I'll  .'2,860. 
The  unappropriated  balance  of  the  (Vn 
fund  would  reduce  this  figure  to  i'?.< >"><'».  t  hat  fund 
having  now  produced  £118,717.  The  churches 
were  reminded  that  without  an  increase  of 
£0,000  in  the  ordinary  income  a  further  heavy 
debt  would  be  incurred.  I-'rom  the  mission 
fields  were  returned:  India.  7?  Kuropean  and 
native  missionaries  at  178  stations,  0.11."i  chil- 
dren in  the  day  schools  under  221  native  <  hris- 

ichers,  and  5,313  pupils  and  813  teachers 
iu  Sunday  schools:  China.  21  missionan- 
58  native  evangelists  at  188  stations  in  Shan- 
Tung,  Shensi,  and  Shansi,  with  21,92«  patients 
treated  by  the  medical  mi-sionaries  at  Taing- 
Choo-Poo  and  Chou-Ping;  Congo  Free  State,  27 
missionaries,  with  the  native  churches  entirely 
supporting  native  evaii-el 
hamas,  San  Domingo,  Turks  and  Calcas  Islands, 
and  Trinidad).  3  missionaries  and  136  evangel- 
ist*, besides  8  missionaries  at  the  Calabar  Col- 
lege, Jamaica;  Brittany.  1  missionary  and  .'* 
evangelists;  Italy.  6  missionaries  and  14  evan- 
gelists; and  Nablous.  Pale-tine.  1  mis-i«.nary. 

Other    Knjrlixh    Societies.  —  Tl 
Tract  and  Book  Society  had   made 
300.000  tracts  for  use  in  England  and  the  colo- 
nies during  the  vear.     A  new  departure  had  been 
.n  the  publication  of  the  work*  of  eminent 
American    writers.      A    new   set  of    rules  was 

1  at  the  annual  meeting,  in  order,  with- 
ling  the  views  of  the  founders,  who 

alrinistic  and  strict  communion  lia: 
to  secure  the  support  of  all  Baptists.     The  in- 
come* '  inal  capital  of  £700,  and  such 

uoneys  as  mav  be  expressly  given  for  the 
purpose,  are  to  be  devoted  to  the  promotion  of 


It  M 


I  comiDunion  llai»- 


Uxesor 


ituildiujtfundfthofred 
ad  bam  aided  with  loans 
The  capital 


nlOsl 

44.'.    A II  the  installments 

.IU-..M  lonMhttd  < r, .,:,,.! 

.mlation  Society  letumed  11.- 


,         /    •    .     ,    \!  .-.     ^  .    :.    .:    .-      M 

annual  members*  meeting 

h*!  beenal  «-rk  r,.r  t *?*&  gfi  ;>  hik'' 

. 

roe  completed!    The  year's  receipt.,  £9.- 
005.  had  been  insufficient  by  £950  to  m>  • 

• .    Missionary  work  was  carried  on 
34  stations,  by  a  staiT  of  54  miarion- 
BibU  women  and  teachers,  with 
i.840chUdren.    Kecular  instruc- 
•ndl.70: 


Uon  was  given  in  1.300  attnanas.  ana  : 

«.-r.  rimd  f--r  iiii.;.  •...  biai  il  M     M.-.J-.  i'. 

»..rk  «...  BVTisd  «...  .,t    h.  Il.t.  hOBa^fJal  !».-. 
nanL    In  <  <«iooahe»  were  at  work  in 

•:.     -     .-.    :     •  .-  ,  r    ..• 

The  annual  meeting  ,,f  the  Baptist  Building 
fund   was  held  April  IK     The  report  showed 

rwgitional  col- 


amber'  hsjft  one  member  to 

years.  ooeUf  retiring  every  two  year*, 
resident  male  ciliicn.  twenty-flve  years  of  Ma, 
who  have  an  additional  vote  ' 
bOowteg<  ,,;.-,.:...  BrinfUdrti  In  rmoii 
and  married  or  widowed  with  legitimate  off. 
spring,  and  paying  a  personal  Ux  of  at  least  5 
francs ;  p.  ««»ing  real  estate  worth  2.000  f  ram* 
*»  francs  a  year.  Citiiens  hav. 
iu  of  superior  fort  ruction,  or  who 
have  filled  a  public  office,  or  have  attained  a  po- 
sition that  prwumes  a  liberal  education,  havre, 
moreoTW,  9  addition*]  total  Ifc  MI  mi"  -. 

franchise,  sanctions  the  acquisition  by  Belgium 
of  colonies  or  protectorate  beyond  seas.  In  de- 
fault of  a  male  heir  to  the  throne,  the  King  it 
authorixed  to  nominate  his  suoc«eaur  with  the 
ubew.  gi van  by  a  majority 
'  their  members.  The  reigning 


of  £59.   The  congregational  c< 
,',.!   t..  on  During  the 

year.  £10.915  had  been  lent  to  41 
sum.  Tarring  from  £95  to  £500,  and  for  periods 
varying  from  two  to  ten  Tears.     Applications 
for  loans  to  the  extent  of  &990  were  aw 
the  .-..111111111.  «•'*  ilr.  IM..M    and   th 


•    is  Prince  Albert,  second  son  of 

-try  in  the  becfooinglT  1896  wm 

•          .',;•:•'-,.     . 


I  'ublic  Inetroction,  J.  de  Borlet 

J.M:.-.  .  V.  Hegvrem;  Minister  ol 


would  al» 
'..-  onltnary  income  of  the  fun-l  f 
une  monthft,     It  was  remarked  that   in 

1865  the  1.  wins  amounted  to  £8.340  ; 

44J85;  in  1885,  to  £8.450;  and  n.  •«.  in  1895.  to 

Bttpti-t^  ii,  Sweden.—  The  I. 

lit    >w.  -1.  i:    r.  '<irn.  .|    an    in-  r.-.-i-    .-f    !..:!"  :•  •  : 

.:  1HU4.  the  total   iii.-!n»M-i>hip  at  the 

' 


KMi.it..-.  !'  •:,  BsMl  A    IU?W1  M.:.  *sj    f  \.-r. 
cultur  I'ublic   Work*.  U.  de 

iCailroads.Poata.and  Tele- 
graphs,  J.  II.  P.  Vandenpeereboom  : 

ti   Affair*.  Comte  de  MerooVWeaterloo; 
Minister  of  War.  Lieut^en.  J 


»M-.IU-:I:.»^  !. 
i:»,i:-tri.  •  Mndati    n*.     Ti, 
r,||.  H!..»   .-f 


.1  and  Population.-!!*  kingdom  has 
an  area  of  11,378  square  miles,  and  on  Dae.  81. 
1898.  had  a  population  of  6J898J979,  or  551  to  tH+ 

8,138,204  females.    The  vital  statistic*  for  1896 
were:  Living  births.  188.069;  deaths.  121590; 
iagce,  47,065.    The  number  of 


21.686  and  of 


immigrants 

nts  fell 7, 


worship  801,  valued  el  8J80.790  kronor.  against 

•tu<  indebtedness  was  771. 651  kroner.    The 

Sunday  schools  Included  40.853  pupils  and  8,175 

teaeheri.    The  sum  raised  for  different  branches 

•  k  wa»  about  490.000  kroner. 
logical  school  wa.  favorably  reported  upon, 
llaptUtHln  Holland.     A  jubil,-, 

:.li*trhurvh,-«  in  1I,,1- 

land  was  held  May  99  and  98,  at  Siad»kanal. 
near  the  field  wi»- 

were  baptiird  fifty  Tear,  ago  by  the  late  Pastor 
Kobner.     l-.v    ..f  these  persons  are  i 
r  and   nn 

«ith    three   other- 
form  t^l  int  Baptist  church  br  Raftor 

1  mm  this  * 
tptiM  .  hurrbea. 
i:i  I '-I  I  M.aconstitutional  monarchy  in 

Donate  has  half  as  many 
member*  as  the  House  of  Kepns«en tat  ires,  elect* 
•  years,  one  half  being  renewed 

the  rest  by  citixens  paying  1.200  francs  in  direct 


showing  a  net  emigration  of  481.    Kvery 
mune  must  maintain  at  least  one  elementary 
school,  of  the  expense  of  which  it  bear 
thirds,  the  other 

and  the  province.    In  1890  only  77  per  cent,  of 
It  imputation  could  read  and  write. 

••     •       •  ;•'•••'          '••  '•-'*•  "^  tm    v 

(LOOOjOJO francs eosse from  railraa^ 

42.947.409  frinc.  from  excise  d  ntiea.  95340^70 

franc*  from  eaitam«.  94J66J990  francs  from  the 


dlvtot  property 

tration  duties  1 

16.115.700 

687 JOO  franca  frnm  the 


'rmnca  from  ranous  indirect  taxes,  < 
9458^9  francs  from  other  source*.    The  total 
ordinary  expenditure  i»  estimated  at  856,196^686 
frmnoa*  applied  as  follows :  Interest  and  amorti- 
lation  of  debt,  109.7901484  franca;  Ministry  of 
Raiboada.  Pbata*  and  Telecraphs.  106^89U89 
istryof  War, OJKfS franc*;  Min- 
.---    '•     :-.-•:    -  .    .  .-.       :-.-•-.  •     .-, 


g4  iiKi.«iir.M. 

«MM  fnu>~;  MmistfT  of  Justice,  30.0*5.684    dreiand  colors,  16,680,000  francs;  flou 

franc* :  MmJstrr  of  Public  Works,  Commerce.    517.000  francs. 

aod  AfrtomlUiri  17.6^.003  francs:  Mini.  values  of  the  special  import  > 

civil  h«t  and  d.-ta-     export*  to  the  prineijml  commnvml  .-..uiitries 
'TV,  in  francs,  as  follow : 


and  30.000,000  francs  of 
118U87.8S4  franc*. 
o  of  8B>er-< 
stock  wan  adopted  by  the  C'ham- 


.    1W4. 

1018  railm  of  railroads  in  the  Government 
l*  7M  miles  were  worked  by  com- 
Tt»  m*ipts  of  the  Government  lines 
l4MOMO»fraiioa,ai>d  the  expenses  81,969,- 
>46  franc*.    The  capital  cost  of  the  state  line* 
wa«  U4IJH147S  franc.. 

Tlw  Government  telegraph*  in  1892  had  a  to- 
tal leojrth  of  4,617  miles,  with  22,789  miles  of 
wire.  The  nomber  of  messages  in  1898  was 
Ml  1.960:  receipts  were  8,450,770  and  expenses 


5.181865  francs. 

The  port  office 
private  aod  19.103 


in  1H93  handled  102,307,722 
private 'and  19.101155  official  letters,  40,195,766 
postal  cards.  80,579,743  printed  inclosures,  and 
I08£SU*7  journals :  receipts  were  18,276,628, 
10.178.078  francs. 

•  and  Induntry.— In  the  general 
the  imports  in  1898  were  valued  at 
181<H7Q9.74f  francs,  and  the  exports  at  2,590,- 
161,786  francs.  The  imports  for  domestic  con- 
1.573.100.000  francs,  and  the 
of  articles  of  Belgian  produce  and 
tare  were  1,234300.000  francs  in  \ 
The  principal  special  imports  and  their  values 
were:  Grain.  854J271000  franc*:  text  He, 
al«.  171345,000  francs;  chemicals,  drug*,  and 
dye*,  86*1.000  francs;  timber.  67, 


616.000  francs 


67.128,000  francs; 

.      •:    '•    

58.166,000  francs;  coffee,  58,- 
hides.  52.166,000  francs : 


••!•  ill.  50877.000  francs;   animal    products, 
4UIMBJOOO  francs;   metals.  40.797.000    francs ; 


francs:   fertilixers,  23.243.000 

i  fr«ncs;    fish.  vll. 
floor.  W391000  francs;  con! 
477.00O  fran<*:  marhinerj,  15^88.000  francs: 
15^98.000   francs;   tobacco,   12,781,000 


Tbe  raloes  of  list  leading  domestic  exports 
wm  :  Yams.  101,401000  francs  ;  coal  and  boke, 


70J15W)  francs;  tissues,  6M&.000 
;  ekenicaU  and  drag,  54J84000 francs; 

'  '  i" 

*  francs;  iron.  46.181.000  francs;  steel, 
O^prodncU  84il2W 


J7.817.000    francs 
francs:  resins  and 


-  - .     •  • ' 
ItyUMM  '-.-    ij 


KspaMs.. 

Hwnlvaan'ii 'Norway. 

S 


kSJSJ 

Ba7P< 


80,144000 
DO,14S,000 


84,410,000 
18^14,000 
18,900,000 


About  iwo  third*  «>f  tlic  surfacr  of  tin-  king- 
dom is  arable.     This  land  is  divided  int. 
farm-  and  is  krj.t  in  a  hi;;h  Matr  «»f  cult  ivat  imi. 
Tin-  yirld  of  winter  wheat  is  26  bushels  an  acre; 
of  sugar  beets,  35,182  kilos.     Tin-  <-<>al  ]»r<>dnr*-d 
in  1893  was  19,411,000  tons,  valued  at  181,406,- 
000  francs.    The  iron   and   steel   product    was 
745,264  tons  of  pig  in.n,  valued  at  36.i> 
francs;  485,021  tons  of  manufactured  inm.  val- 
ued at  61,873,000  francs;  273,113  tons  of 
ingots,  valued  at  22,929,000  francs ;  and  224,922 
tons  of  steel  rails,  valued  at  28,868.000  francs. 
The  value  of  the  zinc  produced  was  39,602,000 
francs.    The  product  of  sugar,  190,312,000  kilos. 

Narigatlon.— During  iw»:i  there  wen 
vessels,  of  6,001,968  tons,  entered,  and  6,977,  of 
5,939,502  tons,  cleared  at  the  seaports  of  Bel- 
gium. More  than  one  third  of  the  arrivals  were 
from  British  ports,  and  more  than  one  half  of 
the  departing  vessels  cleared  f«-r  England. 
Fn.n,  ih,.  Tinted  si.  rssels  arm 

567,721    tons,  while  233.  of  540,093  tons,  were 
d  for  the  United  States. 

The  merchant  navy  in  1898  consisted  of  6  sail- 
ing vessels,  of  1,039  tons,  and  50  steamers,  of  71.- 
499  tons. 

l.'-L-Mation.  'I'll-  OOtoomt  »f  the  .-lections 
held  under  the  new  Constitution  granting  uni- 
versal suffrage  was  a  strong  Catholic  majority 
:  '  '•  -•<  P  the  lysten  "f  n-liirion^  ediica- 
tion  in  the  elementary  schools,  t<>  introdiu-e  a 
protective  tariff  for  th."-  Kenefit.  in  i.articnlar.  of 
the  agriculturists,  and  to  legislate  for  the  nnieii- 
oration  of  the  coi,diti.,n  «,f  the  working  • 
The  LiJ.eraK  w ))..  represented  the  princii 
secular  education,  free  trade,  and  economi 
•er patter,  were  reduced  to  a  small  and  impotent 
minoritv.  The  workingmen,  repn -ent<-d  for  the 
first  time,  had  sent  a  strong  band  of  ardent  So- 
cialist*, who  agreed  with  the  Liberals  on  the 
school  question  and  whose  views  of  social  re- 
form, on  the  other  hand,  were  making  pr 

'•/itholjc  popidation,  which  made  the 
ministry  -<-n-itive  to  their  criticisms  of  its  policy 
toward  workingmen.  On  .Ian.  •.>.->.  the  Socialist 
leader,  Atueele,  denounced  the  manufacturers  of 
Ghent  for  their  treatment  of  their  work  people, 
and  accused  the  Government  of  having  one  law 


nd  another  for  the  poor.     M. 
[man.  and  VMoiUadtc   rdarbj 


aid  another  for  UM 
Beman.  in  replv.  desc 

ttTptesidenU  M?d?*UnUheere.    The  Left  rues 

in  «|  :  le  UM  Kighl  re- 


-f  th.-  lajanmimm    Hn  Ub  .- 
Congram,  which  met  in  Rruanis  on  Feb.  94. 

. 

Parliament  and  WAS  there  shelved.    Owing  to 
ti  Procedure  th*  r««ntr  de  Mr  rude  r»- 

signed  UM  office  which'  he  had  filled  for  more    signed  the  Ministry  of  Foreign  A  flair..    M.  de 
kftantenjaan    HBaanu.      •.  .  i     ..-,....»..:     i:  M      .-,  .-.:.:•         ••'         fir 

aid  e*-lWler,wa*  elected  to  the  vAoant  port    aign  Affair*,  while  M.  SchoUAertTa  Deputy,  be- 
on  Jan.  80  bj  98  rote*  aninst  46  given  by  the    came  Minister  of  th.  >SS*M 

rWSomtttawaad  aO  UM  pi  ,|  icftfc  Oppo 

11  a  1  electoral  la  I..  26.  thai 

WAS  the  first  step  of  the  ConservAtive  ( iovcru- 

•-.ward  a   ;  reaction.     It  fixed  the 

•f  Age  At  thirtv  years,  UM  same  as  for  sen- 
atorial elections.  The  plural  vote  was  main- 

property-holding  cuu*.     Instead  of  giving  an 
additional  vote  to 


Minister  of  Industry  and  Labor.     UM 

pUced  Aduty  of  9  franc.  Mr  100  UM 
on  flour  And  on  malt,  one  of   50   i 
chocolate.  25  franca  on  bfa 
18  per  cent 

line,  A  dun 


e  to  every  householder  aateaeed  At 
A  franc*  A  x  A  t..  ,„„,!,.  to  vary 


.  of  socar.  16  par  cent,  ad  ralervsi 
r*  on  batter  and  marga- 
,  a  duty  on  cotton,  and  one  on  silk*,  ate. 

tit  Arranged  demonstration*  in  Ant 
[>  and  other  town*  against  the  new  dutie*. 


from  5  to  90  franc.  in  the  vari 


mmune*. 


This  provision  was  afUrward  modified,  hot  one 


other  qualification*.    In  ca*e*  where 

aO  the  seats  to  be  I 
receive  an  absolute  n  *  vn  pro- 

posed to  apply  the  ur  d  re|»- 

resrntAtion  instMMi  of  holdingasacond  ballot. 

A    r>  s;.|.-ii'  ••      '.    ':.:••    \.  art    in    ti..-   .  .  n.u.ur..     i> 
miuircd.     ThoChrinti 

-NT  P...  dnfi  t  •  prol 

.  the  UL 

in  favor  of  A  general  strike."  The  miner* 
U^ge  district. 

for  a  ritM  r  90  per  cent  in  their 

day's  wage*,  van  me  fr.  t  -.  went 

into  tl,,.  i ..;;•!,  a  1  -!r i k.  .  \\lij.  !.    I-  .  ar:..    po  I  i"'  r 

that  striker*  shot  At  the  police  with  revolvers. 
And  the  police  fired  into  the  mob.  wounding 

people  And  killing  some.    Th.  -ink. 
iW£come**nara]  had  w*  UM  BoriniM 


mon- 


r-  dtsApproveil  ami 

innctl  |M>1  it ical  strike* 
.-pled  an  amend- 

iie  electoral  bill,  offered  by  M.  Helle- 

th.-  Christian   Democrat*,  by 

(iialiflcation  WAS  mAtle  5, 

10.  ami  15  CrAJMl  f«»r  o.inmune*  containing  re- 
•  IT  uniler  2.000,  from  that  to  10.(*H 
IQyOOO    inhabitant.-,   and    that    Additional 
communal  coun-  .1<I  he  chosen  n 

masters  And   workmen   l>y  the  electors  - 

lehate 

on  th.-  lull  th.-  loader  <»f  th,-  Liberal*,  M.  Ana- 
pach-PuiMutnt.  diM-lanng  that  he  »har 

.f  tin-  Might  nor  the  Left,  nor 
and  to  sur- 

Th.-  lull  WAS  passer!  on 

April  3  by  99  vote*  to  8.  the  I^-ft  having  with- 
drawn U'fon*  the  vote  WAS  taken. 

-ninriit  was  avriooslv  rmUrrassed 
in  dealing  with  the  question  -f  the  Annexa- 
tion of  the  Congo  Free  >  'he  opposJ- 
-•Mi^il  throughout  the  country  by  the 
Radicals  And  Socialists.  The  Progressists  and 
a  pan  of  the  Clericals,  who  were  averse  to  the 
project,  urged  that  the  country  should  de- 


especiallr  Against  those  on  floor  And 

The    Socialist.,    led    by   M.    V 

fisted  the  taxation  of   these  art  icles  of 

otherwise  they  took  the  attitu 

spectators  of  a  struggle  between  industrial  and 

agricultural  capttaOsta.     The  bill  WAS  pasaed 

II.  Lejeune.  late  Minister  of  Justice,  brought 
op  UM  question  of  the  alarming  inert  as*  in  the 

..,    ....    .     ,    .   .  .  .       .        ..  .    •. 

for  ra*  h  adult  in  1851  to  48  litrea.  the  rev 


dnnk  shops  from  58,000  to 
cUred  that  the  country  WA*  reverting  through 
alcohol  into  barbariam,  criminality  having  in- 
creased 200  per  cent,  and  insanity  W 
and  that  80  per  cent,  of  the  death*  of 

oonected  with  the  abuse  of  alcohol  and 
were  a  nsufflciency  of  the  food  procor- 

able  by  the  working claaw*  and  to  thepotsonou* 
ouality  of  the  spirits  that  war*  sold.    The  aflUb- 

amafasj  ,  r  :>..-.  -:.:.;..-•.:-- 
.g  to  stay  the  increase  In  the  consumption 
of  liquor,  for  as  mar 

sprung  up  in  the  i. lace  of  thow  that  were  avp- 
preaseB.    A  ootnmtonii.  of  which  M.  Lajant 


f  the  ravage*  produced  by  UM 
alcohol,  and  to  report  on  the  mean*  of 

the  evil. 

r  the  prvtcrtiTe  dutie*  were  adopted  UM 

O~    ,.  -  ,--,,-,  ...»      iiB^nijkt      t-.mim  J.  •-!       <l«      ^L  n  ill      Kill 
overnmeni  urongni   lorwaru    11*  scnooi    oui 

making  religious   education  compulsory.      All 
U-ral  element*  of  UM  country  protested 

•  .    •     •  .     •.  •,    --•••       ' 


odoccd  b 


tlmXand  the  vote*  on  UM 
•npanied  by  aoana*  of  t 

rerr-Orban  in  1879  edoca 
free  and  undenominational,  although  religion* 
instruction  might  be  imparted  to  particular 
pupil*  by  the  deaire  of  their  DArenU.  Wheat*) 
gad  ikrateiMdtopowvni  l884tnaraJ  vri 
to  substitute  Church  school*  for  UM 


the  latter, 


or  to  maintain  them 
The  purpose  of  the  new 


nil 


porpoM  of  U» 
was  declare,!  by  M.  Schollaert  to  restore  to  re- 
ligion in  all  primary  schools  the  place  of  honor 


in  ant  communal 

he  right  to  bur*  their  children  ex- 
from *um«Unc*  during  the  houra  when 
imnftftto. 


the 


wvre 

ipwieu  uiv 

of  universal  suffrage    The  change  in 
law  was  dtmmfrffH  as  a  viola; 
in  1MB  Constitution  that  forbids  the 
LegMaiurr  t«  «rk  to  penetrate  into  the  con- 
•fiMMof  dtlatw  with  a  riew  to  appreciate 
thair  conduct    by  their  adherence  to  one  or 
••other  religious  (kith  or  by  their  profes> 
MNMftt  all. 

The  few.  ft*  finally  enacted,  provides  that  the 
local  anthoritie*  in  each  pariah  shall  determine 
the  number  of  schools  and  teachers  necessary  ; 
hot  BO  school  can  be  closed  or  vacancy  left  un- 
filled without  the  consent  of  the  Minister 
imrtfriTv  Instruction  is  obligatory  in  religion 
and  moral*:  reading.  writing,  anil  aril  Inn.  -tic. 
including  weights  and  measures;  the  elements 
of  the  language  of  thedi>tri«-t.  l-'n-m-h.  Finn  Mi, 
or  German;  geography  and  Belgian  history; 
rule*  for  the  preservation  of  health  ;  and  draw- 
ing, singing.  and  gymnastics.  In  addition  to 
these  branches  girls  must  be  taught  to  sew  and 
boys  in  rural  districts  must  receive  instruction 
are,  The  parish  clergy  must  either 
personally  impart  the  religious  instruction  that 
to  given  in  the  first  or  last  school  hours  of  each 
day  or  superintend  it.  and  the  bishop  appoint 
inspectors  who  visit  the  schools  and  supervise 
the  instruction  in  religion  and  morals.  Parents 
have  ft  right  to  free  their  children  from  religious 
instruction.  Clerical  and  private  schools  receive 
list  same  subvention  from  the  state  that  is  given 
to  the  communal  schools  if  they  have  a  sufficient 
MHBbor  of  pupils  and  classm  conforming  to  the 
•ta  •• 

BICYCLES.    Prom  the  earliest  ages  one  of 
man's  greatest  desires  has  been  to   rival  the 


in  their  progress  over  the 
ground  or  the  flight  of  bird*  „,  tt,,-  air.  This 
»  MSA  first  in  his  conquest  of  the  hone,  and 
next  in  the  efforts  to  fly.  which  last  attempis 
have  brought  misery  on  foolhardy  inventors 
from  time  immemorial.  A  machine  to  go  on 
wheels  and  be  propel!  f«st  was  devised 

by  Baron  Drais  early  in  'this  century,  and  was 
called  a  «frm.,«,   (K*  "Annual    Cyclopedia" 

•*ML  page  90).  Ten  yean  ago  bicyclists 
were  content  to  ride  on  what  was  called  the 
-Ordinary."  a  bicycle  that  had  one  high  front 
wheel  and  one  little,  almont  tiny,  rear  wheel. 
This  permitted  one  to  travel  at  a  wonderful  rate 
compared  with  anything  that  had  *,  far  been 
•ehsnul,  but  it  wan  fraught  with  danger.  The 
invention  of  the  "SeMy."  a  machine  that  has 
two  wheels  of  equal  or  nearly  equal  size,  depend- 
ing for  power  on  a  chain  gearing,  wan  what 
practically  conquered  space  so  far  as  the  \> 
ridinf  world  b  concerned,  and  gave  even  ladies 
and  children  an  instrument  on  which  many  of 

can  develop  a  speed  surpassing  that  of 


thoroughbred  horses.  There  were  two  factors  of 
almost  equal  importance  in  tin-  \\--nderful  speed 
records  attaint*!  bv  the  n<  btoyole  that 

has  occasioned  MOO  .•>  *i.;-  -|  •••!•!.    The 

one  thai  played  almost  as  imp., riant  a  part  as 
the  chain  L  Is  was  the 

inti-oduchon  of  tin-  pneumatic  tin-.     This  was 
invmird    in    England    half  a   criitury    ago.     It 
was  tried  there  for  wagon-  a:  .-•*,  but 

wa*  a  failure.    On  thft intarodaotioB  hen-  <>f  the 
pneumatic    tin-,   tin-    popularity   <>f  the   liii-yrh- 
was  established  at  «.n.-c.     It  has  ••••••..m, 

ture  of  ciiniinon  lif<1  in  all  civilizwl  count  rii-s. 
Not  only  do  all  classes  of  society  use  it  for  pleas- 
id  exercise,  hut  it  has  been  mndr  u-«-ful 
to  dfliwr  the  mail-,  in  the  army,  on  the  |»«>li.-e 
force,  for  the  delivery  work  of  messenger  boys, 
i-ven  in  such  a  crowdexl  city  as  New  V..rk  :  and, 
with  the  application  of  power  that  i-  n«>\v  In-ing 
tried  for  the  doing  away  with  the  working  of  the 
pedals  by  the  feet,  it  is  believed  that  its  useful- 
ness has  practically  no  limit.  The  riding-acad- 
emy business  in  New  York  has  been  changed 
into  a  bicycle-school  business,  and  the  let  ting  of 
horses  ana  light  wagons  has  been  as  much  di- 
ininMicd  l»y  the  ponulariU  of  the  bicycle  as  the 
sale  of  horses  in  New  xork  for  the  h.  i 
lines  has  been  hurt  l»y  the  advent  of  the  cable 
roads.  On  the  other  hand,  sporting-goods  es- 
tablishments that  barely  existed  ha\ 
the  demand  for  the  bicycle,  become  important 
mercantile  houses ;  and  while  hundreds  of  new 
factories  and  stores  have  been  started,  the  im- 
portance of  the  trade  is  perhaps  better  shown  by 
the  entrance  into  it  of  some  of  the  largest  sew- 
ing-machine and  rifle-manufacturing  estahli-h- 
rnents  in  the  country.  There  are  in  America 
180  large  bicycle  manufactories,  while  counting 
the  concerns  that  turn  out  only  50  to  100  ma- 
chines a  day  the  number  rises  to  nearly  300. 

During  1805  these  300  factories  turned  out 
500,000  machines  of  all  sorts,  from  the  light  and 
graceful  ladies'  bicycles  to  the  heaviest  ones  for 
large  men  seeking  to  reduce  their  weight.  The 
astonishing  thing  about  these  latter  bicycles  is 
that  now  a  heavy  machine  only  weighs  about  22 
or  24  pounds,  while  a  few  years  ago  the  best 
racing  bicycle  made  scaled  over  60  pounds.  A 
fine  racing  machine  now  will  not  weigh  over  16 
pounds.  The  cost  of  bicycles  has  come  down  in 
the  last  few  vears,  till  the  average  cost  of  these 
500,000  machine-  to  th.-  user  is  about  $75,  or  a 
total  of  $37,500,000.  And  with  all  this  enor- 
mous production,  the  supply  is  unequal  to  the 
demand.  Although  a  bicycle  is  guaranteed  for 
the  first  year,  like  a  watch,  each  purchaser 
spends,  on  an  average,  half  as  much  as  his  ma- 
chine coxt  him  in  the  first  six  months  on  all 
sorts  of  improvements,  and  twice  as  much  more 
A  bicycle  i-  almost  as  good  a  thing 
for  basinets  and  the  promotion  of  industry  in  a 
country  as  horse-and -carriage  keeping.  Rubber 
tires  wear  out.  Spokes  get  twisted  in  accidents, 
new  air  pumps  are  wanted,  there  are  always  a 
hundred  little  nothings  for  the  machine,  all  of 
which  means  so  much  more  money  to  the  maker, 
for  all  the  makers  manufacture  the  accessories. 
Then  the  rider  has  need  of  a  list  of  extras  long 
enough  to  frighten  any  but  a  prodigal.  It  is  es- 
timated that  in  a  factory  that  can  turn  out  30,000 
bicycles  a  year,  over  800  persons,  mostly  full 


*: 


grown  men.  art  employed.    A  reoanl  estimate 

• 

;.-»  will.  as  a  general  thing,  be  a 
Itaavier,  a*  regard*  th«    wbeeia,  a.  the 

iuAnuf.i>  tur.-i,  ii,  -h.  |  .*.•.  twc  fan  Mitt    •  ••• 

more  U>  secure  litfhlnee*  than  itrvngth,  and  cus- 
tomers art  now  asking  for  a  *im«what  stronfar 


d   wi 


tfai  price-  of  a  good  wheel  will  at 

bicycle  to  to  try  to 
follow  a  Ui 

of  strength  and  lixhi  nee*  combined  ha*  appeared 
before.    The  principal  depart  u:  Safety 

bicycle  to  the  changing  of  the  application 
•otto  povfj  tnm  tfc  ?r..i/  to  DM  mi  vh* . 

'be  Safety  was  brought  out  the  power  was 
•nttad  dbwi  ta  Maaad  padak  o*j  •/,   rr  ,.• 

«h«.  .        111.    x»f,  ft]   tjM   .1.  i-  !(  >    f.  r    U|    BOW!  f 

»ith  t!.. 

the  Safety  was  HIM  introduced. 


•i.'.c  |.  «.r  h  *i  i  IM  '  >  m  u  -  '  i 
I  wfth  the  aide  of  th*  rear  wheat 
it  over  a  sprocket  wheel  on  which  are 
bun*  tha  pedak,  and  to  strung  at  a  high  or  a  low 
tension,  according  a*  the  nder  wtohe*  to  go 
rapidly  or  have  the  power  of  climbing  hilb.  To 
go  rapidly  on  a  level  surface  the  chain  may  be 

•...'•....-•...•:.        !..i,.".     ..;„  •    ,  :      . 

it  must  be  hung  loosely.  There  are  two  device* 
broflaottngtfc  mm*  ta  IM  aba*  b  aigfc 
to  low.  and  ties  wra*  Ona  of  thaw  to  a  bar  or 
lever  throwing  the  chain  off  from  one  axle 

"."•«'..'  '--.  '  •'  ..'•  I.-  ".-'  "  •"•'! 
fir»t  mentioned  plan  u  that  it  leave*  too  much 
space  for  thr  dirt  and  dust  to  gather  between 
the  whreU  at  the  aile.  The  trouble  with  the 


second  plan  i.  that  it  to  not  convenient  to  carry 

,,,          ..-.     , 


wheel  always  with 


lee*  on  a  short  pleasure  ride.    The  f  ran 

KJj.»JtL     tM    M^I.Vnf     tk-     *       -»      k,  1L   ,.         «         1 

I         ...:..  .    •       • 

i  to  now  much  used,  a*  it  give*  j 
»weighL    Overthe 

!    ,-         ,.        " 


'  » 


thr  rat'inK  ofllrul.  rt^nnnil  thr  n.l.-r.  t«.  |.«.^ 

ti-  wtaidSi  ..:,  ..th  •!..  ran  vhad  ta  hi  al  f 
tha  fore  wheel  of  an  <  »nlmarr.  to  M  .  r.  a  victory. 
it  was  dtoeovered  that  much  more  of  a 


These  are  of  various  shams  a 

IHtf  t-  thr  rla^  -f  tl,r   1-1,  ».  I,-   -  T  the    ,  urj--     f,  T 

always  with  a  brake  and  a 
ago  there  was  a 


handicap  than  thi.  would  have  to  be 

the  Ordinary  if  it  wa»  to  be  raced  against  the 

.  velooipeil 

front  and  rear  wheel*  of  the  same  site.  These 
wheel*  are  each  about  38  inches  in  diameter 
generally,  aii-1  ll  "  »*•*•  In 

.  bicycle  is  44  inches.    The 

base  line  of  a  bicycle  to  the  distance  from  the 

•he  forward  wheel  to 

the  farthest  point  on  the  rear  wheel  These 
Thesis  are  made  with  wooden  tire  rim*,  to 

are    fitted    the    pneumatic  tirr«. 
•pokes  arr  of  fine  and  wonderfully  strong  steel 
wire.     Kai-h  of  these   wire*  to  secured  in  the 
wooden  tin-  with  a  small  nut  at  where 

it  goes  through  a  st«-«-l  frame,  and  is  th. 

t,.    »t...lh.-r    |M.:M    in    th.-    W00d<  i.    lire,  •  r.  aVJlf 

another  steel-wire  spoke  on  the  way.     One  of 
the  most  intercut  ing  point*  to  n. .»«.-,.  m  the  eon- 
5tr.i.-ti..n  ..f  th,  bemai  btlM  ball  baafja^i  f 
which  there  are    li     These  ball 
bearings  make  a  bicycle  as  near 

bearing  i*  a  cup  fitted  for  an  axle 
to  mn  through  and  provided  with 
a  half  doxen  or  more  solid  steel 
balk  For  some  bearings  the*  balls 
arr  not  larger  than  small  *h< 

-H  they  are  as  large  a*  buck- 
while  M..W  and  then  for  the 


at  night  without  light*.  A  small  oil  lamp 
is  sold  with  every  bievcle,and  it*  nat  to  a*  mucli 
to  the  advantage  of  the  rider  a.  to  the  foot  paa- 
senger  or  the  driver  ha  encounter*.  Tha  best 

.  at  present  to 

to  be  about  84  pounds.    The  frame 
E  and  : 


frame  of  a  ladies' 


to  bant  in  and  down  at  the  upper  bar  or 
•hto  enable*  women  to  rid. 
s  or  other  special  cujtume ;  but  man? 
wfer  the  man1,  bicycle,  and  have  .dopui 


ladiai  prate  thi 

costume*  in  keeping  with  the  idea.  The  saddle  of 
Uie  bicycle  to  considered  to  be  a  long  way  front 
perfection.  The  most  favored  idea  al  present  to 
the  pneumatic  saddle.  Ladies,  in  particular. 
much  fault  with  the  ordinary  nddle, 
complaint!!*;  «>f  fatiguo  from  the  use  of  the 
MuJ.lle  more  than  from  the  long  rida  or  other 
t*  that  have  been 


Several 
tried  in  the  way  of 


•  . 


heavier  bearings  even  larger 

•.<*e  tiny  balls  to  fixed  in  thr 

••dp»  of  the  bearing  cup,  and  they  are  well 

on  the*e  little 

balk  each  of  which  revolves  freely,  and  the  fric- 


n§ 


the 


Uontoao  slight  that  a  wheel  hrl.l  up  and  «-t 
bya  quick  motion  of  the  hand  will 
*  run  wveral  minute*  before  coming  to 
a  complete  standstill.  There  are  ball  baarTna 
in  both  front-  and  rrar-wheel  axles,  ami  in  the 
handle*  and  steering  gear,  as  well  as  in  the 


•ad- 

u|»«  the  lateral  tension  of  the 
leather 'of  which  the  *eal»  are  cnostruc 
n-iam  their  ^ia|*.  The  teaching  of  experience 
ha.  been  that  while  the  ttddfeb  being  ridden 
the  weight  of  the  body  so  alters  it*  shape  a*  to 
wndor  it  highly  injurious  to  the  rider.  The 
ruminence*  of  the  pelrto,  which  must 

•  the  we^ht  of  the  body  while  it  i*  in  • 
posture,  are  about  4  inch**  apart,  and 


support 
sitting 


••;•'  '•'•  '" 


straddle  the 
ora*  *  rtdgt, 
extort  u 


1  this 
this  difll. 


.  beta*  molded  In  anatomical  conformity 
tlTKorpart-of  the  humanely. 


umorr  iMraoTBD  KADDLK. 


: 


rest  upon  a  perforated  base,  in 
a  circulation  of  air  through  the  horn  of 
and  as  cool  a  seat  as  possible  un.l.-r 
The  pads  of  these  saddles 


After  the  chain  gearing  the  prominent  feature 
of  the  modern  bicycle  is  it*  tire.  The  present 
pneumaHp  tire  wa«  ju*t  coming  into  use  as  an 
experiment  in  1890,  and  in  1891  it  had  started 
fa/rlv  on  its  way.  The  pneumatic  tin-  is  the 
result  of  experiment*  to  obviate  the  jar  to  which 
the  rider  was  subjected,  which  sometimes  had 
seriously  injurious  effect*  in  case  of  long  rides. 
Many  phyridans  even  advised  against  the  riding 
of  the  bicvclr.  if  thin  vibration  could  not  be  d.-ne 
away  with.  |*rticuUrly  in  bicycles  for  ladies. 
It  was  admitted  that  the  principal  cause  of  fa- 
tigue after  a  bicycle  ride  was  this  jar  or  vibra- 
tion experienced  during  the  journey.  The  ear- 
lie*  effort  to  meet  t  hi*  difficulty  was  spent  up-.n 
the  fork  to  the  forewheel  axle.  Coiled  springs 
fltted  to  the  bottoms  of  these  forks  in  the 
es  at  the  exhibition  held  in  I»ndot,  in 
Other  steel  springs  were  placed  in  th. 
r  poet,  to  prevent  the  vibration  of  the 


The  moot  snccessful  of  the  devices 
tried  wa*  a  •pring  fork  on  which  the  two  front 
e  carved. 


ThU  was  very  springy,  gv- 
heel 


Mid  greatly  reducing  the  vibration. 
be*  authorities  were  beginning  to  s 
pilot  to  get  at  this  vibration  and 


forks  wer 

ing  a  comparatively  pleasant  motion  to  the  w 

n.  Hut  the 
see  that  the 
minimize  it 

«*•  at  the  point  of  contact  of  the  I 
th*  ground,  and  this  led  to  the  search  for  a  new 
tire  that  should  be  more  springy  than  the  solid 
rubber  one*  alreadv  in  use.    lp  to  1890  t 
dinanr  sin  of  a  solid  rubber  »•  was  f 

took,  Vmt  hollow  rubber  tires  as  large  as  1*  inch 
were  alreadv  making  their  appearance.     The 
pneumatic  tire.  Hke  many  great  invention*,  was 
at  first  looked  upon  a*  a  clumsy,  stupid  th 
tttUe  or  m>  practical  valoe.    It  wasastou 
ber  tube  8  inches  hi  diameter,  fitted  on  t 
of  a  bicycle  and  inflated  with  air.    It  was  an 


.  ronti  II,  and  th.-  lir-t  wheels  th:it  were 
e.jinpiH'd  with  it  hud  to  make,  so  their  detractors 
s«id,  treooenl  excursions  to  Dublin.  Th< 

tires  hud  to  In-  inflated  with  com- 
lllllSli  I  air.  which  wa>  in  it-df  a  ^n-Ht  inconvrn- 
lence;  but  the  chief  diflkmlty  was  in  th»'ir  likc- 
.ilf-'d  to  injury  from  contact  with  all  sorts  of 
hitln-rto  in,  .  ;  iich.  f«.r 

instance,  as  hit-*  of  broken  littles  ami  sharp 
stones.  The  rul»ln-r  of  which  tin-  tires  w:i-  i-nm- 
posed  was  porous,  and  this  added  an<»t  her  dilli- 
culty,  for  the  air  gradoally  liltcn-d  thmujrh  the 
tiny' holes  and  the  tire  had  to  IK?  refilled  fn-m 
tinii-  to  time.  This  was  done  with  a  small  pump 
constructed  for  the  |»ur|K»se.  Hut  10011  it  was 
found  that  the  newly  equipped  machines  were 
much  faster  than  tin"  old  style  and  withal  went, 
with  a  smoothness  of  movcniput  hitherto  almost 
unhoped  for.  The  breaking  of  the  n-ci.pls  IM- 
pin  anew  with  the  invention  of  the  pneumatic 
tire  for  bicycles,  for  a  Safety  thus  equipp. 
as  superior  to  the  ..Id  style  a^  the  first  - 
had  been  to  the  <  >rdinary.  Tin'  pneumatic  tire 
began  to  be  looked  upon  a-  the  nucleus  ,,f  ;t 
graml  idea.  Marly  in  isjcj  the  pnciimiitic  was 
an  accomplished  fact;  it  had  come  into  \<>^iii-, 
and  soon  no  bicycle  was  complete  without  it. 
In  the  last  months  of  1K»2  there  was  as  little 
use  for  an  ordinary  solid  tire  on  a  Safety  bicycle 
as  there  was  sale  for  an  <  >nlinary,  hi^-and-lit tie- 
wheel  bicycle  of  a  few  years  before.  At  this 
time  Ordinary  bicycles,  such  as  had  been  sold 
for  $150  to  $300,  were  a  dnitf  at  $10. 

A  perfect  pneumatic  tire  is  the  harnessing  of 
compressed  air  by  such  means  and  in  such  a  man- 
ner as  will  least  affect  its  perfect  resiliency  and 
at  the  same  time  maintain  that  rigid  Connection 
between  the  rim  of  the  wheel  and  the  surf  ace 
over  which  it  travels,  without  which  the  ; 
can  not  be  transmitted  without  loss  and  the 
highest  working  efficiency  attained.  The  met  h<  >d 
of  constructing  such  a  tire  is  briefly  as  follows : 

1  >.n    a   pure  gum  tube   are  wound  spirally  '3 
layers  of  thread,  each  thread  imlH-dded  in   rub- 
ber and  out  of  contact  with  its  neighbors,  the 

2  layers  separated  from  each  other  by  a  wall  of 
pure  rubber  and  wound  at  an  angle  of  45°  to 
each  other.     A  seamless,  endless,  spirally   laid 

thus  made,  meeting  all  the  required  con- 
ditions and  giving  a  tire  uneaualed  in  strength, 
speed,  and  durability,  in  combination  with,  and 
at  no  expense  to  resiliency.  The  most  difficult 
of  the  many  problems  connected  with  the  bi- 
cycle is  the  construction  of  the  pneumatic- 
tu»N-  tire.  There  are  over  100  threads  spiral- 
ly wound  in  an  ideal  tire;  they  extend  the 
whole  length  of  the  tire.  and.  as  they  are  im- 
bedded in  an  elastic  body,  any  Inequality  in  ten- 
sion adjusts  itself.  The  threads  Brail  be  non- 
fling  and  laid  at  a  tangent  to  the  rim  of 
the  wheel  for  speed  and  power,  and  they  must  be 
free  to  move  over  each  other  without  friction 
for  perfect  resiliency.  Resiliency  in 
fin.d  as  the  pronerty  of  returning  to  the  origi- 
nal shape  with  the  same  force  that  was  used  in 
depressing  it.  Hy  this  property  the  momentum 
lost  by  a  rider  in  striking  a  stone  is  given  out 
again  as  the  obstacle  is  passed.  It  has  been 
found  that  easy  riding  or  absence  of  vibration 
is  obtained  in  the  greatest  degree  by  such  con- 
struction  as  admits  of  the  tread  of  the  tiro 


- 


.<di»  the  povibUily  of  the  mix 

udMtbed 

pressure  only  i*  mirssssry  to  secure  an  a 

•he  fabrio'i 


in  the  direction  of  its  length  with  the 
\  rrt  rut  improvement 
in  the  pneumatic  lirr  i«  in  th.-  manner  <>f  at- 

*ir    i. 

p,,m,.-.i      v  ••.   K  .^-,r.f,..<-  r  ibbsi  .-  Ins* 
<*n  the  metal  bass  of  the  valve  and 

pressure  only  is  necessary  to  secure  an  air-tifht 

N  outer  plate. 
The  best  idea  of  what  the  Safety  and  the 
pn.  .inmti.   kin  bftfi  >i  •'••   i-  r  »•.•  f(  Bftf  Bssd 
may  be  obtained  from  a  fiance  at  some  of  the 

that  held  I"  rr.i  iniimt.-.*  tw.-lvc  and  a 

halfssconds,     In  1806  Lawson  rode  a  5-mile  race 

ag»,  making  the  distance  in  eleven  mm- 

fifths  seconds.    Law- 

son's  fastest  mile  was  his  ssrond,  which  he  cov- 
aes  fifteen  and  one  fifth  seconds, 

in  t«..  minute*  t*.      .     .»  •  ami  ..tie-lift  h 

the    A     Illllr* 


Constant  Hum  rode  8M*  miles  in  twenty. four 
hours.  The  road  reoonl  from  Cninajo  t 

u«tance  in  five  days  twenty-three  boors 

Ma**   ::..:./.. 

A .  soon  as  the  pnenmaiic  tire  was 
^-t  was  rrttjgmxed  that  ite  one 

U»MM!»  anttt.  be  SOSSffi 

cap  *«  i.e  race  with  the  solid 

tire  unless  a  remedy  <wild  be  promptly  fonnd. 
This  defect  was  its  If*  •  ujury.  A  psjss> 

iVr-'.fa  bsmls 

•ore   noiselessh  -.ly.   an 

almost  none  of  the  jar  that  was  still  only  loo 
»iuL»miLt  vith  the  baet  anlfai  rubber  tin  was  eesv 
tamly  a  grrat  thing;  but  a 

a  pnrun.. 

rider  found  hinuelf  it 
pum-tun^i  tir.-  fn.in  rulintr  ••»«r  • 
tai-k,  or  some  oareiesi  * 
The  efforte  to  supply 
cumulative  record  • 
inventors  first  tried  every  way 


:.. 


done  in    the 


fr  •  EisMd,  ftm  •    •  •-,  Ifeji, 


all  |>r»nons  performancea,  Than,  too,  these 
record*  are  not  al  way  •  allowed  by  the  foTerninjr 
bowdioi  •;..  «-.,-.::,.,!,.  ,;,i  noharaata  9 


bite  of  glass.    The  -  'his 

left  the  bicycle  improved  on  these  lines, 

of  recirting  to  a  certain  extent  the  ini 

was  aimed  to  guard  afsJast,  but  they  did  some 

,--.'•  •       .- 


«r  .....  ii.s  i.  r-i  m  u,,-  j.  rformanoai 
snob  as  the  wind  at  the  back.  i*c«tl  or  unpaced, 
and  atandinf  or  flying  start  —  ai  weil  a«  tne  an* 

well  year  when  a  correct 

table  of  records  may  be  compiled  for  the  year 
i        OM  ol  th.-  PMS!  MMail  nej  IW 


more  simple,  th-  hare  the 

tires  made  of  so  nearly  pore  gum  that  they 
would  close  up  and  come  together  orer  the 
ture  of  a  tackf    This  was 


H  what  a  wonderful  machine  the  bi- 

r*B  ae  lately  iropmred  is,  is  the  comparison 
m»y  be  inn.  It-  between  the  steel  hone  and 
the  one  of  flesh  and  blood.    Th.    f^tert  record 
of  the  runniiiK'  turf  >*  that  of  grrat  Salvator. 
>n  a  mile  again*!  time  to  beat  the  time 
made  by  Ten  Broeck,  also  a  record  mad*  again* 
time  on  a  specially  prepared  track.  Ten  Broeek's 
record  was  one  initmt,-   thirty-nine  and   three 
quarter  seconds.    Salvator  astonished  the  world 
•n  a  straightaway  track  in  one 
tr-flve  and  a  half  seconds.    There  is 
at  present  a  reoonl  awaiting  recognition  of  a  bi- 
eyclist  having  nuule  a  mile  no  a  utraight  track 
in  less  than  one  minute  thirtr-flre  seconds.  There 
is  an  authenticated  recortl  of  a  mile  to  Safety 
bicycle  orer  a  straightaway  track  in  U-ti.-r  time 
,e  champion  thoroufhbred  nor-  >  • 

;-.  i«  Johnson*.  Tart  m..-  at  Ituffalo  in 
18M  m  one  minute  thirty-Are  ami  two  fifths  sec- 
onds, The  best  road  race  time  for  35  miles  in 

IS!»|  w:is  OM  hOSJI  !;?•%    !;::,-•   ::.::.  .'•  -         i  P  '     | 

Arr    inti.s   h:»\.«   U-.-i,    r:  M.  -:i    -  n    .1   1>     Pal       •  • 

Mimutea  four  seconds, 

an.i    in    1  -'.»:,    in    Afly-Ave  minute*  six  SSOOnds, 
The  beat  one-boor  record  for  1HW  in  & 
1,489  yanU.     The  best  reo-.nl  for  !•••  n. 
18IM  was  three  hours  Afly.four  minutes  twenty- 
nine  and  two  fifths  seconds.     The  best  :  •• 


a 

sure  remedy,  ami  it  acted  well  for  a  time.  The 
objection  was.  that  U 

Ures  were  constructed  was  as  iinssrviBsstili  as 
gold  unalloreil.  The  new  Ures  wore  oat  loo 
quickly.  A  half  dosen  schemes  in  the  direction 
of  a  tire  that  would  heal  itself  were  tried  before 
this  plan  was  given  over.  Then  began  a  loaf 

thediisetiosToTssi 
tire  that  would  be 

tires  were  coated  with  all  sorts  of 

to  render  them  impenetrable.    Most  of 

c-.  with  the  idea  of  Ujriitntss  always  in 
view,  were  :  »  of  liquid.    One  in  rector 


in,  whea  it  was 

V       ..;-._,..    •-, 

Wlw 


K- 

ono  «ith.'.ut 
•  r  the  ice 

\   rl 


.'       '. 

frost  of  the  climate  •  ' 


glass,  and  no  rider,  even  the  most  ei  nrrt, 
ha.1  any  chance  of  sUyiaw  on  his  wheel 
the  honehlde  «MM  the  idea  of  a  oowrfej: 


in.    The 

•  Mr  with  ail  kind* 


or  out, 

T!..     ::  Hi 

at  interior  protec- 


our rrcorU  in  Enfland  is  46»  miles  1JM 
yards.    The  has  beenbeaten  in  Prance,  where 


tion  was  a  strip  of  cloth  called  -pnnctu 
armor.**  The  idea  of  this  poncturekss  i 
was  that  it  would  lie  in  the  bottom  of  the  tabs, 
case  the  rubber  was  punctured  it  would 
i  fill  up  the  bole  and  ptmnt  the  escape 


and  in 
at 


of  the  *ir. 
br 


Th,.  -loth  was  toughened 

'*>£of 
a  good  strong  prick  f  mm  a  tank.    This 


armor  wa»  put  fnttde  tne  tub* 

-,       .  ..   •      -  ' 

The  main  .linVuliy  •*«.  thn- 
hold  to   posit*  »«ottom  or 

nneumatie  tire*  and  sometimes  a  i 

ttSSfcfc: 

• ;  ,         ' 

. 

•  taiXu:  i 


inside  the  tube  before  it  was  in- 
to position. 

n  Id   not  be 

"f    the 

_  _  rid«-r  found. 
,  the  extra  weiffat, 

ilipand  afford  no 

the  outer  tire  vat  punctured. 
-    •-    "       fhid.ng 
nini:.  and 

light,  tne  pneumatic 

•  ••.. , . a  otep  wa§  at    ]H*t 

tosm  to  the  right  dlreoiion.    The  master  stroke 
wa»  a  carting  aside  of  a!  •  make  the 

rubber  withstand  th«-  <u(«  and  blows  to  which 
teuot  subjected  it  and  boldly  taking  an  entirely 
different  tack.  As  soon  as  the  inventors  stopped 
H^nf  to  get  resistance  out  •  f  A  thing  that  could 
not  bo  made  a  restnUnt  body,  and  set  to  work 
trying ^  make  the  rubber  tires  not  resistant  hut 
capable  of  being  mended  speedily,  success  smiled 
upon  their  efforts.  There  were  three  efforts  also 
to  thw  direction  before  the  thine  could  be  re- 
nt settled.  A  last  attempt  at  the  Muick 


The  plug  was  to  be  put  in  big  end  ilr-i.  ami  the 

||g     liark     thmil^ll     til."     tmlr    could    1>0 

trimmed  off  to  fit.     Tin-  dilliculty  with  thi>  ar- 
rangement was  the  amount  <>f  DMohanioal  skill 
..•ni    on   tlii-  first  rude 
ilu-  sjM-nly  np'iidinj;  of  an   injun-d 
was  a  neat*  and   inp-ni"u-  little  con- 
.-  •...nii-iliing  like  a  t-orkscrew.     Tlii-  had 
an  obliqur  ..jH'iiinpatonecnd.  and  ii-chicf  claim 
as  an  improvement  was  that  it  had  the  awl  in  the 
hollow  of  the  handle.    With  theawl  \\\\\-  MOOTed, 
and  Certain  of  wrkin;;  pn-|M-rly.  the  rul.lier  |>lu^ 
wasdriven  home  to  its  po.sition  much  moreqoiok- 
ly  and  certainly  than  the  former  appliance  did 
the  work.  One  of  the  latest  r>  ]  >a  i  n  1 1  _:  tools  effects 


•Mailing  of  breaks  to  bicycle  tires  by  electricity 
has  not  yet  been  sufficiently  trird  to  be  fairly 
jod|(rd.  'The  flr>t  attempt  t->  in.-n-l  t)u>  pun«- 
tored  Ures  was  to  supplying  to  riders  a  tiny  pir 
of  pinchers,  with  a  small  awl  that  could  be 


ric 


red  hoi,  a  little  book  of  rubber  plugs 

..  fly  fisher's  book  of  die* 
powerful  liquid  g\w  or  fi-nn'iit.     Wiihii 
hand  pump  for  refillinfr  a  bund  t 
rider  miffht  now  go  on  a  kmg  trip  and  feel  re*- 
•oaaMy  certain  that,  eren  if  he  did  hare  the  mis- 
' 


baptn'pric,  /-th,..  way  place. 

the  chance*  were  that  the  injury  could  *peedily 
he  repaired,  at  lea*  *urnYi«-ntly  f..r  him  to  pro- 
ceed oo  hit  journey  and  got  home  that  n^ht. 
With  the  ost  of  toob  spoken  of,  the  mode  of  ,,r.  .- 
cedure  was  as  follow*:  When  the  tire  was  punc- 
tured the  rider  dismounted  and  examined  the 
injury.  If  it  wa*  a  simple  punct. 
stnooth  toner  surface,  be  need  not  trouble  to 
heal  the  awl,  but  could  proceed  at  once  to  patch 

-    :     .  ..,,; 

•hsf  looted  ttoatiay  toadstool  It  was  inserted 
with  the  pinchers  or  pliers  after  bring  carefully 
folded  and  cohered  with  glue.  TWthe 
this  plujr  is  that  tho  preesnre  of  the  air  from  'the 
blown-up  nneumatir  will  hold  it  in  place  once  it 
is  secured  tn  the  puncture,  with  the  head  inside, 


FiG.7 


a  reparation  almost  with  the  turn  of  the  wr 
is  a  little  instrument  about  six  inches  long  and 
has,  like  the  others,  the  object  of  inserting  and 
securing  "  tiny  ruM>cr  plug  where  a  hole  in  the 
tire  has  been  made.  The  tool  shown  in  the  ac- 
companying illustration  is  the  instrument  with 
pairing  plugs.  Fig.  1  shows  the  tool  as 
i  in  the  tool  bag  or  in  the  pocket.  Figs. 
2  and  3  show  the  tool  separated.  Fig.  2  shows 
the  divided  iilungiT  in  which  the  stem  of  the  plug 
is  inserted.  Fig.  4  shows  the  tool  locked  tog«-t  her. 
with  the  rubber  plug  inside  the  pointed  e\ 
<>r.  which  i-  itiM-rt«-d  in  the  punch* 
shows  the  plunger  forced  through  the  puncture 
toaide  the  pointed  ••xpander.  with  the  pli.. 
lied  through  and  inside  the  tire.  Fig.  6  shows 
-•1  withdrawn,  leaving  the  plug  in  the 
ire  with  the  head  of  the  plugin>ideof  the 
tire  and  covering  the  puncture.  Fig.  7  shows 
the  stem  of  the  plug  cut  even  with  tne  surface 
of  the  tire,  making  the  repair  complete.  It  is 
always  well  in  repairing  punctures  not  to  use 
any  larger  plugs  than  are  absolutely  necessary. 


liirVCUBl 


•: 


.1        i  . 


the  object  of  this  being  not  to  increase  the  aim 
.«  very  lat- 

a  Western  company.     It  i*  i% 
repairing  team  «»r  punctures  in  any  k 

rial,  anil  the  par- 

•  i  'T<  •  '      f  !•  i  ii*     'i  i  i  r  i1  •  '  I  I  .  <        '  •       '  •>       •     •  ' 

'  aoi  wSfctfc  3*  u  iS?    IB* 

>«  U  Mnal 

Uersnd  regulator  only  oecupvint;  a 
.:  f,,-  :  awbj  :*  boMi  vttf      That  Zsf 
pint.--,  sjafl  u  r.'m- 1..  *  t*  f..  n  n,,if  fr  ...  I».,H 
tires  can  be  repaimd  at  the  - 
device  may  be  connected  with  a> 

Me  machine  was  originally  got  up 
.l.Ur.n  tires  to  make  repair* 

.rn.-i  un.lrr  hisgnarantos,and 

cess  uncured  or  partially  vulrantxrd  rubber  ami 

ti,.-  M*  MYJ  fisbH  ^1. -i  fiv  •..  •  fen  k  ..r.  put  id 
in  and  around  the  hole  to  be  patched,  and  it  is 
than  to  be  filled  in  with  materials  prepared  for 
•; .  •  0]  -. .  rhft  >  vhamn  sniaaa  •  the  ma 
chine,  make  a  smooth,  rren  job.  exactly  the  same 
as  could  be  done  in  the  factory  where  the  tire 

.'       .  V  i 

-  causes  of  the  fast  time  creilr 

>  •  x;  •  •'       I     •!,,  r.,.  M  .  !T.  IH   k  •:  M  '      ".- 

excellence  of  the  tracks.    The  best  style  of  trark 

is  considered  the   elliptical.    Thr   knowledge 

••lliptiral  trark  wa*  l.-rr-.w  -d  from  the 

Ahorse    circuits,   as   was    the    idea    of 

This  was  only  a  fair  rvturn. 

lint !>.  and  by  doing  so 

and  wonderfully.     Thr  r.-ulr  of  years  of  < 

in    thr".  on 

bicycle  tracks  can  be  seen  st  Manhattan  Beach, 

- 

prartire  of  the  const  .  »win|f  patrons  of 

this    popular    -jH.rt.      The     Manhattan    Beach 
track  i-  on.-  thini  of  n  inilr  n»un«l.  •• 

lists  because,  while  a  third 

of  a  mile  it  snooffc  for  a  good  swing,  it  is  not 

too  large,  and  dost  not  let  the  racer- 

from  their  amlience.    Then,  too,  the  turns  can 

•wn  ui>  better  or  oftener.     And  this  is 

an  advantage,  for  the  bicyclist  really 
comes  to  depend  on  the  enormously  thn>wn-up 
turn-  inorv  than  he  himself  believe*."  A  thrown- 
up  turn  of  n  fast  or  more  on  the  outer  edge  is  a 

••••Ip  to  a  speeding  bicvclist.  The  power 
developed  is  not  only  a  rest  for  the  few  seconds 
•pent  on  each  of  thr  turnv  but  the  throw-in 


ride  passably  b  a  *vy  fcf/ law 

ritir.  u  fill  »»  found  best  perha|»  1 

•ohool  where  for  a  fee  of  80  \»«U*n  ba.tr.  or  5 


In  the  large 


for  $2,  one  can  learn  well  enough  to 

out  alonr.     In  case  of  learning  «... 
with  a  fnn.d  u..i,a.t 

••achar.  a  smooth  level  piece  of  road  should 

ftmft  4tvWnMMi         1*l»e*     fv4eMns4     nvWtf'sMlfl     an1«*a\^lv    flaA     anaea 

chine,  for'at  rtnrt  even  a  Hafety  seems  the  giddl- 
uaginahla  and  at  {east  a  milAtah. 
The  friend  steadies  the  machine  by  the  handle 
bar  while  the  learner  mounts,  and  as  soon  as  he 
is  seated  the  friend  should  place  one  hand  un- 

handle  bar 

control  the  machine,  an. I  render  a  fall  the  next 

If  a  riol. 

pected  swing  or  lurch  comes,  simply  let  go  of 
one  pedal  nn-l.  putting  out  one  foot,  i 


your- 


'  .•..;•.•••:••. 

'     ' 

to  ride  a  bicycle  is  not  to 
too  flnnly.    faqoeot  rests 
and  not  more  than  from  15 


the  handles 
b    •]• 

a  half  an 
of  the  earlier  lessons 

tinne  as  started  mil 


•i  .or  <JM 


to 


too  much  <*i 
to  keep  up.    After  on* 


a  perfect  balance,  the  bicycle  will  keep 
terlf.  aided  now  and  then  by  an  ateflZ 


imperceptible  motion  of 
which  will  tur 

num.    The  natural  impulse  of  a  learner  is  to 
turn  the  wheel  away  from  the  d 

which  the 

natural  in-  f  null,  and  learning  to  ride 

i  »imi.ly  learning  to  overcome   this 

ce  devekring  a  new 

and  .iiffVrvt  -.  learn  to  ride  ny  one's  self, 

the  pedals  should  be  removed  and  the  saddle 
plarrd  »o  low  that  the  learner's  feet  can  be 

m  •    • 
with  carK 

and  try  to  steer  the  machine  so  that  ft  will  con- 
rwi   until   it   loses  its  iiiiManfim      Re» 

me  time,  with 


fiat  on  the  ground.     Then  grasp  the 
the  machine,  and  gvc  it  into 

'.:.-    •  „•      •     '         .  •  :     •       '       •  •• 


neat  t 
When 


When  you  find  that  you  can  actually  staar  wall 
enough  to  keep  the  machine  erect  lor 
vanU.  you  can  make  the  work  easier  by  getting 


vanU.  you 

a  good  start,  and  then  putti 

pedals  and  coasting.    It  win 


by  getting 
lest  on  the 


rsallv  helps  to  send  tne  wheel  along.    The  im.-k 
at  Manhattan  I b^ach  is  composed  of  8  i 
4\  inches  of 


1U  :„   ',    >   ,     • 

and  concrete,  and 

d  cement,  and  sand.    The 

bank  thrown  up  6  feet  A  in 

't  view,  this  great  incline  would  im 

heMlale:     but    if    he    h.-ltatrS,   he    is 

wrr  of  n>maining  on  his  bicycle  depends 
uiffonat  ahifh  rat*  of  speed 

persons,  and  thcrv  are  abo  3.100  folding  chair*, 
ing  on  a  bicycle  i*  not  so  diffi- 
cult as  moat  people  suppose.    One  can  learn  to 


die  should  ttill  be  kept  low.  «n  thai  in  cmseof  a 
a  fall  the  font  ma    be  near  enough  to 


ke  a    quickly 
lost,    dally  d 


a  fall  the  foot  may 
the  ground  to  prevent  an  accident, 
mar  learn  to  ride  in  a 

rial  I  v  VMrable  for 

unt'i I  the  exercise  has  brought  their  muscles  into 
play  and  atcustooud  them  to  the  little  exertion 
required.  The  first  ride  out  on  the  road  should 
•onrihla.  under  the  eve  of  an  experienced 
rider,  and  most  be  taken  Very  slowly.  Half  a 


M 


iu«  YCLB& 


BOLIVIA. 


smile  to  far  eaoogh  to  go  the  first  time.    The 
damaaat  and  apead  of  the  daily  ride  may  be 

a''r3rt«-%5ffl& 

and  a  man  at  l«wt  twkv  an  mu 
ad  long  given  up  all  idea  of  active 
ia  athletics  have  taken  to  riding 
bkrycK  with  the  best  effect,  and  ladies  have 
.TSTtLaseollhewlmlatoaicexerci^of 
the  si  sat  sal  valoe.    The  principal  charm  of  the 
wheat  to  the  fact  that  one  can,  in  a  fraction  of 
the  tfcaa  fc  would  take  to  walk  or  even  to  be 
drtvwa  to  a  plac^r>lbere  independently  an  1  in 
a  fashion  that  ha*  all  the  pleasure  of  the  roost 
delightful  tran»fwrtalfcm  imaginable,  while  at 
the  same  time  obtaining  the  benefits  of  a  most 
healthful  enraam     Once  a  bicyclist  always  a 
Mejciiat  hat   become  a  proverb.     The 
Maple  ride  a  machine,  the  more  enthu 
they  ttreome  and  the  more  they  want   t 
One  of  the  most  popular  forms  of  amusement  at 
prsaiat  is  road  racing  on  the  l.icvele.    On  ac- 
count of  tiie  poor  state  of  most  roads  in  An 
thb  pastime  has  not  yet  become  what  it  is  in  Kng- 
laod  and  in  Kranoe,  where  the  roads  arc  nearly 
irtrfriT*     Two  race  counes  with  a  national  repu- 
tation are  th*  I  rrington-Milburn  and  the  Pull- 
man.  On  Memorial  Day  the  best  Western  rid.  rs 
r  the  races  at  Pullman,  and  the  Eastern 
try  their  speed  and  endurance  at  the  Orange 
%<•  in  Sew  Jersey.     Tin-  Irvington-Milburn 
M  baft-mile  stretch  between  two  villages 
of  thaw  names  at  Orange,  X.  J.    The  road  here 
hi  smooth  bat  hilly,  and  often  a  third  of  the 
starter*  fail  to  finish  the  race.    The  Pullman 
eoofw  is  a  U^milc  stretch  between  Chicago 
and  Pullman.    Some  idea  of  the  place  tnatbi- 
eyclin*  hat  taken  in  Xew  York  life  may  be 
piaed  from  the  fact  that  a  bill  was  recently  in- 
traduced  for  the  turning  of  the  old  aqueclurt  path 
IntoebicyclMrack.    This  bill  was  passed  by  Uh 
Hoaam  and  only  failed  to  become  a  law  through 
Oov.  Morton's  failure  to  attach  his  signature. 

The    League   of    American   Wheelmen    was 
founded  in  1880,  and  now  numbers  88,000  m<  in- 
here.   The  president  of  tl,,  I.    A.  \v  .  ;i 
always  called,  i*  \    K  Williston,  of  Maryland. 
.    .       .       ....;.•-..,,     •_-.  i',  rkint,  of  Boa- 

toa;  bat  the  controlling  influence  is  said 
Isaac  a  Potter.  -k.  who  would  be  the 

ataaViunt  of  the  body  but  for  an  amicable  suit 
at  law.  The  objects  of  the  league  are,  in  general, 
twofold:  First, to  encourage  and  aid  i.i.-yling 
by  obtaining  passage  of  laws  favorable  to  the 
•port,  by  protecting  the  righu  of  bicyclist*,  and 
asating  to  secure  batter  roads  all  over  the  conn- 
uid.  second,  to  protect  the  bettor  class  of 
ridon  from  the  damace  that  might  be  done  the 

T"       .f- 


the  first  time.    The    break  records  and  give  exibitions  or  compete  in 
amateur  competitions,  thai  furnishing  •  regular 

Constantly   moving  advertisement    for   the 


purpose,  riders  are  divided 
•es  A,  Class  B,  and  Class  P. 
The  riders  ia  Class  A  are  pure  amateurs  who 
•S*  ••"?.  «•••*•  P«™d«  of  •"*"!  at  bicy- 


aMn  who,  while  not  actually  making  their 
uTng  at  bicycltota,  go  from  one  country  to 
another  partly  for  the  sake  of  the  traveling,  and 
ride  a  bicycle  of  a  certain  make  with  which  they 


house  that  pays  their  expenses  and   provides 
them  with  wheels.    Class  1  up  of  j.n»- 

i>t*.    The  I..  A.  \V.  i-  divided 
into  Slate  di\ision«.  ,-ach  self-govorning. 

Qreat  as  is  the  bieyele  in  Ameriea  and  pojmlar 
as  it  is  in    Kngland.  it    tin-U   its   true   home   in 
Paris.     That  city,  with  its  smooth  wooden  pave- 
r  adapted   to  bi( -yclm-;.  and    10 
Pari-iennes     ride    whore    one     Knglislr.\ 
would.    In  Paris,  too,  one  finds  tin-  more  practi- 
cal adaptation    of    the.    l.ieyele    principle. 
OH!    nes  on  all    H<1<^    the    tiny  l>ic\de    lioyswith 

messages  and  letters,  and  the' lit  tie  tri--\.-;. 
whieh  even  the  bread  is  delivered  in  the  morn- 
ing. The  newspaper  conditions  in  Paris  are  so 
different  from  what  they  are  in  England  and 
the  United  States  that  "in  the  l-'r.-nch  capital 
more  than  one  big  daily  utilizes  the  tricycle  for 
the  delivery  to  the  kiosks  and  to  ens' 
every  morning.  In  Kn^land  few  ladies  ride  in 
London,  but  the  bicycle  is  as  popular  at  the 
country  places  as  ever.  It  has  become  unfash- 
ionable to  ride  bicycles  in  London,  because  the 
cheapening  of  the  wheel  has  enabled  laborers  to 
use  it,  and  the  business  man  who  a  few  years 
ago  went  to  his  office  on  a  bicycle  will  no  longer 
be  seen  astride  one  except  on  a  country  road. 

P,ol.l\  I  A.  a  republic  in  South  America.  The 
Constitution  of  i860  vests  the  executive  power 
in  a  President  elected  directly  by  the  people  for 
four  year-,  and  the  legislative  power  in  a  Senate 
and  'House  of  Representatives,  of  16  and  64 
members  respectively.  Kvery  male  citizen  able 
to  read  and  write  has  a  vote. 

Moriano  Baptista  was  elected   President  for 
the  t.-rm  ending  in  August,  1896.   The  mil. 
in  the  beginning  of  1895  were:  Foreign  Affairs. 
>:  Finance,  E.  Borda;  Interior,  L.  Paz; 
Justice,  E.  Tovar;  War,  S.  Alonso. 

Area  and  Population.— The  estimated  area 
of  the  republic  is  567,360  square  mile-.  The. 
population  is  estimated  at  2,019,549,  not  includ- 
ing the  trilial  Indians.  La  Paz,  the  capital  city, 
has  about  50,000  inhabitants. 

Finances.— The  revenue  for  1892-'93  was  es- 
timated at  5,787,200  bolivianos  (the  boliviano 
has  an  exchange  value  of  42  cents), and  expendi- 
ture at  5,937,200  bolivianos.     For  1893-'94  ox- 
are  was  estimated  at  5,234,820,  and  expen- 
diture  at  5,721,300  bolivianos.   The  foreign  debt 
include!*  a  war  debt  of  1,616,655  bolivianos  due 
Chili.    This  is  being  paid  off;  but  on  the  rest  of 
'"t.  amounting  .:viano«.  no 

payments  of  interest  or  principal    have   IM-.-H 
made  for  a  long  time.   There  is  an  internal  debt 
JH4.916  boliviano*. 

lommeree    a,H|     production.  -About     two 
third*  of  the  exports  consist  of  silver. 
commercial  products  are  tin.  cinchona,  lu'vinuth, 
India  rubber,  and  alpaca  wool.     The  va 
ira|K»rta  officially  given  for  1892  was  11,071,000 
.  ••  -    21,570,000  bolivianos. 

Communications— The  railroad  from  the 
Chilian  port  of  Antofagasta  has  since  May  1, 
1802,  been  completed  from  Ascotan,  on  the  fron- 
Oruro,  with  a  branch  to  the  silver  mines 
of  Huanchaca,  the  total  length  on  Bolivian  ter- 
ritory being  500  miles. 


BOLI 


lilt  A/11.. 


TheptXtl 

..1  and  MM*  iatarnational  letter*,  news- 
•ML*     BaMipta.  :M-.M  francs;  upeoees, 

i 
mmeot    protested    vigorously 


Tacoa 


to 


inUnor.  KI  that  it 

•  •   • 


produce    of    Bolivia.      A 
b     the  Chilian  Govern- 


IVru'.    action    in 

,-•.  whieh  had  beei'done  for 

017  to  the  terms  of  the  irmly  bs- 

Nicola  Ptrn.la  « 

WM  settled,  ana  there  WM  no  more  i 

ill*     It.   It     i     e%        •»*M««|  llsitiafisa    lisa- sjaasfcifcii^l     I  I  ml 

Peru  should  saint*  the  Bolivian   tec.     Thu 

MMB*    "  .     !'.  rWlaa    Qoffl  n .....  !.•     t.  f  .--i    » 

.:»    had     U-rt»    for    ,. 

faff  her  armed  forces,  and  supplying  them  with 

CSMhloading   rifle* 

•  BMJI  ..  |Ui     •  •:.   t  ...  IB.       , 


would  be. 

of    the    exportable 

treaty  wa«  drawn  up 

whereby  Chill  WM  to  oade  at  once  to 
Bolivia  a  seaport  in  UM  northern  |*rt  of  Tara- 
paca.  Chili  further  agreed  to  promote  UM 
aoquiaition  of  Tarna  and  An.  a  by  Bolivia,  on 

...n  thai   Itolma  ,, 

Mi  Ma*  »  aw  t.   i.  j.,  :  !.;.,..,  •    Pan  • 

:    .  .  ,     '         '    ,'.'     .V      "      ••  • 


i  give  satisfaction  by  a  formal  wlute  to  the 
ii  MB  |aa  vftttdi  twaatj  f.  .r  b  m\ 
wise  the  Bolivian  minister  would 
The  art  of  .  Bolivian  nu.l.  in  .t.,im,k'  thr  JVru- 
vian  consulate  in  I*  Pax  caused  the  Govern- 
ment to  moderate  iu»  altitude.  A  protocol  WM 
drawn  up  for  the  settlement  of  the  dispute  by 
arbitration,  M  suggested  by  the  papal  n 
The  offer  was  anospted  by  Pern,  and  the , 
ment  WM  signed  on  Sept.  7.  18B6,  Bran 
•iMladl  Mtsj  arl  Hn*  r.crt  sjbai  hi  •  MI 
Brazil  should  decline  the  offloa. 
The  rrlations  between  the  two  republics  were 

tha- 


oontrol  of  the  custmnaoaaai  In  UM  seaport*  that 
Bolivia  would  acquire  should  be  intrusted  to 
Chilian  offlrrm.  and  the  customs  applied  to  UM 
repauiin.i  of  the  debt  until  it  shall  be 

^The  people  of  Bolivia  were  not 

to 


eiUa- 


•irained  on  account   ..f  n  <|ur*tion   t 
aiiam  in  r  !.-»itiiaiion  of 


conertision  of  her  war  with   I'oni  nn.l 


The  former  Bolivian  province  of  Atacama  and 
the  Peruvian  province  of  Tarapaca  were  deU- 

and  Tacna.  aeoordinff  to  the  terms  <>f 
that  »  •  tober,  1888,  were  to  be  oc- 

cupied  hr  (hi!  the  end  of 

Mhat.itant*  ,l...ul-l  .I..M-  )>y  n;W/6i«- 
which  ««f  republic*  they  would 

belong.    The  Chilian  Govi-rnii. >-!.t  >li.|  uut  hold 
when  the  ten  yean  expired.    It  wan 

^  ten.'.   :.-.  ..rui  Plav  krt 


cession  to  power,  that  Chilian 

10  the  necessity  of  rva<  hmg  a  final  settle- 
ment of  the  status  of  Tacna  and  Arira. 
r.>uld  not  in  honor  and  safety  retain    them 
will  of  the  inhabitant  r  .. 


Mam  disposed  to  elect  the  Chilian  nationality; 
but  »he  wa»  unwilling  to  restore  them  t< 
•n.l  thus  aggrandixe  her  old  enemy  and  rival. 
and  make  it  easier  for  the  Peruvians  to  regain 
ttu<  n-t   of   "  >Mt4    sarriton        \   thir  i 

•»i.-  problem  was  to  give  the  diatriots 
to  Bolivia,  which  was  already  an  economic  de- 
pendency ..f  Chili.  I 
be  an  : 

ii.  and  would  become  Chili**  ally, 
crviitly  strengtheaJaff  the  position  of  that  power 
in  a  possible  war  with  Peru  and  the  Argentine 
Republic  or  with  Peru  alone.  The  people  of 
Arira  and:  Tarna  would  find  have  to  be  recon- 
ciled to  the  tnuufer  and  induced  to  accept  Bo- 
livian national  r  I*  them  Chilian  cap- 


thai  hr  would  accept  and  support  the  treaty, , i 

for ' 

in  N-uth 

in 


*.  ild  saba  .•  .•••:..    •  DMI  r  •  -V  •    ||    • 
BRAZIL  a  fsdaral  republic  in  South  Amer- 


of 
State 
68  in  all    The 

i. ills  originate 
of  both  houses  are  paid.     They  can  not 

t  officer*  unless  they  resign  their  i 
and  none  can  accept  any  aOce  bearing  • 
tlomatic  or  mflttatT 

• 


laam,  n,  vkU  Ban  at 

can  he  become  interested  in  any  public 

or  be  a  director  in  a  private  cor 

contract*  with  the  Government 
annually  on  May  S  and  sits  four 

to  prorogue  it  or  to  call  an 

.      .:•-..       •  •  '         :  •   • 

The  Predkiant  is  Prudeote  de 


tho;  fnterior  and  JusUea,  Goocalvw  Perrrira: 
War.  (ien.  Bernardo  Va«oue. :  Marine,  Admiral 
K.  Barb,—  :  Forrijm  Asfa 
The    Vice-PiMident    of   UM    fUpublk   is   Or. 
torino  Pvrrirm. 

Braid  has  an  esti- 
mated arra  of  M0»j819  square  mile*,  and  an 
<«imai«d  population  of  14Jktl? souls.  Mode 
TilMJin  tlMeajpiul.  had  4tt,7t§  inhaJHtintf  in 

Taa  immigration  m  UJaTwa*  84.14S; 
'.«.     The  German  aad   Italian 

t  i:      pM  :•     :     -..>-. - 

nas  of  the  Government,  who  are  fed  and 

.         ,      .  .-        '  •     •...•.-.--. 
,    .  MfjitaWU  aaahteaioa  aad  baga  m  A 
Bagfasteateoat  wttkoat  capital,  they  cmhir»U 

Toe  Italians  are  said  to  be  the  more  energetic 
id  to  get  more  out  of  rugged. 


N 


BRA/11 


htllr  Uod  than  Uw  On  main  oat  of  rich  bottom 
bids;  U»l    t!»  latter  SSttle  down  and   beOOOM 
ii  ••iiiit  ullissM  white  UM  Italian*  * 
Skid  10  |0  beck  to  their  own  country  when 

^-- 

of  ti»  General  GOT. 
and  expendi- 

III  1804  tht  revenue 
vat  fOUoWOO.  and  eipenditure  *MWOO 
mttrais.  TVt  esUraat*  of  expenditure  was  250,- 

,-,;     ...  -  '     .  11    '<*»»?»{•  T" 

for  UM  MtsJstry  of  lh«  Interior  and  of  Jus- 

,.;,-,  -    -  M:,          •      '     kf* 

44  milreis  for  the  Ministry  of 


mllreis  for  the  Ministry  of 
istr   of  W 


milreis  for  the  Ministry  of 
risje,  and  IjBlftjMS  milreis  f,.r  the  Ministry  of 
fbrain  Affair*.     The  extraordinary  exi 


ted  at  116384.000  milreis. 
_  are  estimated  at  270.108.000  mil- 
ret*  ^expenditures  at  *7MW.OOO  milreis. 
na  total'dibiinlSOS  amounted  to  1,481,186,- 

>;  •  •   .      ;-!     •       :, 

..    -  ,  .-      :-••    '      ir.aHWOmflrek,    The 
fjnSdabt  was  261300,1 11  milreis  and  the  in- 
ternal debt  640,042300  milreis.  besides  whi« -h 
-     ,       ;:-,  HUM  mOnk  ol  tMMory  boodi 
and  m,17S310  of  guaranteed  bank  notes. 

CtJMtrr*  and  Production. -After  coffee, 
of  which  8300,000  bags  were  produced  in  1802, 
UM  chief  products  are  rubber,  cotton,  tobacco, 
tie.  sugar,  and  fruits.    There  were  450,000 
in  1803.  and  575,160  salted 
of  tallow,  and  24,- 


7  kilogrammes  of  jerked  beef  were  ex- 
ported.  The  exports  of  coffee  and  India  rubber 
go  largely  to  the  United  States.  The  value  of 
UM  exports  to  North  American  ports  in  1892  was 
tllMMjfttM,  while  only  $14,301378  worth  was 
imported  from  North  America.  Most  of  the  im- 
ports come  from  Great  Britain.  Germany,  and 
France.  The  imports  of  cotton  (l<>th  f  nun  Great 
Britain  amounted  in  1808  to  about  $17,000.000, 
the  iron  imports  to  $8,000.000.  maoUosrr  im- 

••••*:    .....  :      HI   !...<-J.<MH>00, 

and  imjwfts  of  coal  to  $1^00,000. 

Nai  Ir-tlon.—  There  were  entered  in  1808,  at 
Rio  de  Janeiro.  1307  Teasels,  of  2.062.204  tons, 
and  clear*.!  924,440  tons;  at  BnK 

-  ••    .   •  .     .  :••;-.  .     f 

U07.712  tons;  at  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  were  en- 
tered 471  vessels,  of  800.708  tons,  and  cleared 
;-  '  .  '•  :;•,  •  •  -  ft  •  •0f«Bbs^  !-:•». 
viaiili  are  inhibit**.!  from  the  coasting 
The  registered  Teasels  of  over  100  tons 
in  1804  were  164  steamers,  of  110,068 
tea*  and  186  sailing  Tessete,  of  3*908  tons. 

<  ..inTiiiini.  .ill..,.,.  .  .  -A.  r.  »;.«;.M  m:;,., 
of  rmilrt«d*  in  operation.  8315  miles  were  l.uil-1- 
IM.  and  13.411  miles  more  were  projected  in 

•        ,;   :,:,  .  .... 

owned  1JH6  miles  and  snbsidixed  1316  miles, 
and  the  hoods  paying  6  and  7  per  cent,  of  many 
of  the  others  were  guaranteed. 

There  were  9.170  miles  of  u  lymphs  in  1802, 
with  143»  miles  of  win,  all  belonging  to  the 
*  di«P*tch6B»wlt  In 


The  postottee  in  1800  forwarded  18346.780 
privateletteri,  10380,185  journals  and  circulars, 
and  1361,700  registered  letters  and  packets;  re- 


ceints  were  8^48,421  milreis,  and  expenses  0,328,- 

Tfce  Army  and  Navy.— Personal 
three  years  in  the  army  and  three  years  in  the 
reserve   is   obligator)*.   •  \< ,  pt 
etnpt  classes.     The   standing  army  consists  of 
40  battalions  of  infanti  ments  of  cavalry. 

icnt*  of  field  art'illery.W  battalions  of  foot 
artilli-n.  and  'J  battalion-  of  pioneers,  besides 

;  The     p.  MM    etTecthr    III     1S«|.J   was 

1,600  officers  and  80,000  men.    The  gendarmerie 
numbers  20,000. 

The  naval  force  consists  of  2  battle  ships,  the 
;iie|..  "  and  "  'Jt  de  Male."  8  large  cruisers, 
0  coast-defense  ironclads,  28  small  cruiser 
gunlHuiis.  and  7  first-class  and  5  secoini 
tor|HHlo  lK>aU.    Two  powerful  new  battle  ships 
are  building  in  France. 

The  Revolt  in  Rio  Grande.— In  the  b. -in- 
ning of  189.")  the  rebels  in  Kio  Grande  do  Snl 
took  the  field  under  the  command  of  Admiral 
Saldanha  da  Gama.  The  Mra/ilian  troop-  in 
pursuing  one  of  the  bands  crossed  the  frontier 
and  came  into  collision  with  Uruguayan  troops. 
who  opposed  their  advance,  killing  1  officer  and 
8  soldiers.  On  March  1  the  rebels  d< -f.-ated  a 
column  of  500  troops  near  the  frontier.  The 
Government  charged  Uruguay  with  openly  aid- 
ing the  insurgents,  and  the  Senate  debated  a  res- 
olution to  declare  war  against  1'ruguay  as  the 
only  means  of  ending  the  revolt.  Later  the 
Government  forces  were  successful,  and  n 
the  rebels  retired  into  Uruguay.  In  .Jui 
miral  da  Garaa,  at  the  head  of  400  sailors,  was 
engaged  by  a  brigade  of  1,200  Government 
troops  near  Santa  Ana.  He  repelled  five  charges 
of  cavalry,  but  at  last,  when  800  were  killed  or 
wounded  on  both  sides  and  most  of  his  men  had 
abandoned  the  field,  he  ordered  the  handful  who 
stood  by  him  to  retreat,  and  then  cut  his  own 
throat  On  July  2  Gen.  Galvao,  commanding 
the  Government  troops,  arranged  a  week's  armis- 
tice with  Col.  Tavjire-.  chief  of  the  rebel  forces. 

The    men    on    both    sides  \v»-re    tired  of    result  less 

bloodshed,  and  could  not  be  led  into  bat  t  le.  The 
rebels  were  willing  to  come  to  terms  if  Gov. 
Castilho  would  retire,  but  the  Cabinet  <-.,uM  not 
agree  upon  sacrificing  him.  Negotiations  were 
reopened.  The  proffer  of  Uruguay  and  the 
Argentine  Republic  to  mediate  was  indignantly 
rejected.  (Jen.  Saraiva  collected  a  new  force  of 
several  thousand  rebels  on  the  border  of  I'ru- 
guay,  ready  to  resume  the  conflict.  At  last  terras 
of  peace  were  agreed  to  in  August,  to  which 
i-tilho,  who  had  before  stood  out  for  un- 
conditional surrender,  gave  his  assent.  A  free 
pardon  was  granted  to  all  who  laid  down  their 
arms,  with  a  guarantee  of  all  civil  rights  to 
every  person  implicated  in  the  revolution,  in- 
cluding the  right  to  appeal  to  the  courts  for  the 
redress  of  injuries  committed  by  the  troops.  Dr. 
Ca*til ho  was  to  remain  as  Provisional  Governor 
until  the  meeting  of  the  State  Congress,  which 
should  alter  the  Constitution  so  as  to  make  it 
conformable  with  the  constitutions  of  the  other 
States.  The  amnesty  bill  was  passed  in  Sep- 
tember after  a  sharp  debate  in  both  houses,  with 
modification.*  debarring  rebel  officers  from  the 
army  and  navy  for  two  years,  and  extending 
the  amnesty  to  other  political  offenders  and 


r   lltlfs,— Iii  the  early  part  of  the  year  the 
movem.nl  in  favor  of  th«-  restoration  of  Peixoto 

t..  p..*.  r  w.i-  a-  '.v,    .:.   ".,    UfM   H  :  :  ...  »     .  .  : 
MWaYJ  IBJpporu-n,  ...  Sid  I1,..      9«  If/4    /, 
rn.u.  Parana,  and  Uio  Grande.    The  partisans  of 
t   organised  demonstration*  to 

tag  Government.    Disturbances  occurred  at  the 
ejsjejtiotjs  in  1  Yrnambuoo  in  March.    The  com- 
.Mini-lit  at  San  Pablo 
endeavored  to  induce  his  man  to  declare  in 
voto.    Those  engaged  in  the  plot  *• 
nsted.    The  ex-Preaiuent  in  June  announced  his 

ral  lM-.tn.-t.     His  soddssj  den 

•  ucale*  of  a  military 
system  of  a  i»art  v  head. 

'  '1  h.    \.  -.,  li      f    t!,,     n.i\  \   u.  r.    r.  poffc  -1  l-\   '!.-• 

BMfrtMj  *  *•  **n  <••'»-  raHrfi8i8ks\sjBjd 
extensive  repairs  were  ne» 

.  •    '.!..    *aM..    f.-  'I!..;  ii'  I-  f.  r.-  '!..    r-  r<  luti<  r:      A 

new  iWper-cent.  toternal  loan  was  issued  at  the 
beginning  of  Man  h.     It  wa*  apphM  t.,  the  re- 

•  !.M. i  tt  :.  •  f  .  urr-  Sjf  jr.     f  «!      h  lt»  r,    «.  r-       ..•- 

•  '.ni. -Liu'    ::H7.:i.Vv'"»    in:   r.  ;-    .f     'r.HM.rv     DjOlSJ 

asjd  840.714,370  milrets  of  bank   notee.     The 

congrcesional  ussiop   opened  on  Mav  4.     The 

dipjotnatkr   ruj.tur.    with    Portugal   had   been 

natad  through  the  intermediation  of  Great 

Britain.   The  President,  in  his  message,  spoke  of 

ft  in  th.-  tiuinU  r  ..f  linn 

Ntid  that  r  -  necessary  to  take  steps 

for  ,  n.-.ura.::!.-  lit!  n,  i^-mt  i.  !,.      T;i\.i'  i-  -n  r.  f    tin 

ml  and  the  strength- 

sjatai  ••'•  t}"-  '  9*e1 
pn^ntiHlin 

- 

••«  propos*.  hinl  of  t! 

tons  dutir  and  suggested  an  income 

tax  and  a  duty  on  alcohol.     A  bill  was  passed 
j  a  heavv  tax  on  foreign  insurance  com- 

.-  business  in  Brazil. 
Indcmnii       «  *,  Italian.    1 

German,    a  unents    brought 

-  against  the    Brazilian  Govern m< 
damages  on  account  of  losses  sustained  by  their 
oitisen 

posed  that  these  claims  *hould  be  «ui 
arbitration.    On  Jan.  16. 1806.  the  Mini- 

ru»*  that  they  would  Mibmitted 

t .    The  ministers  objected 

•  h.-  claims  were  made  the  subject  of 

•ie  French  minister  made  a  set- 
tlement  which  his  Government  refused  to  ratify. 
and  he  was  recalled.  Th.-  Italian* 

•  ••i  immeiliately  a  drmand  f»r  satis- 

Italian*  hail  Uvn  torture«l  tlur- 
ing  the  revolution.  It  t.—k  umbrage  at  the  long 

md  at  the  amount  finally  offered.  The 
Italian  minister  finallv  SjBjSjOSJttOtd  that  he  would 
leave  on  July  7.  antl  demanded  his  passports. 

hastened  a  settlement.  Th.-  Italian  de- 
mands were  somewhat  abated,  and  a  treaty  wan 
signed  by  whu-h  Brazil  agreed  to  pay  $180,000 
in  gold.  The  Italian  Government  gave  notice 


that  emigration  to  Brazil  would  be  etonied  un- 
less Italians  were  better  protected*    TVr.   » a.* 

--t.ral    Italian    rail- 

r     ,:      .  ,  .I.--'    -•    . 


.:•     '•,..: 

ume  were  not  all  aetUed.  They 
Aggregate  to  an 
The 

gmtine  Kepubiic  agreed,  in 
18»vtoa| 

Uiea.  and.  in  eaat  they  failed  to  r.  •<  h  an 
We  eolution  of  the  qucetion  within  ninety 

the  eo»nletioti  of  the  ennrey.  to 

ittcr  t.   OM  aHotrmtion  of  the 

v    The  subject  of  this  old  eoav 

-y  wae  the  region  lying  between  Iguaeen 
on  tli<  m>rth.  the  I  ruguay  mrer  on  the  eovth, 
San  Antonio  ami  thr  IVpirMiuaiu  on  the  weet, 
an. I  the  Jangada.  or  San  Antonio  Guam,  and  the 
Cbapeco.or  Pequiri  <iu«uu.on  the  eaet 
t»,.-  MWoMi  sni'.rv.  vU  i,  v.;».  ilnaii  h 
the  yoaiiaiinn  of 

•ion  in  the  SUte  of  Parana.    The  area  ie  1 1  J8» 
equare  milen,  and  the  popolation  about  7.00a 

The  Joint  oom filiation  eame  to  no  agrvrmeni, 
nn.  l  thequeetion  wae  accordingly  rtferrcd  to  the 
^dSutea.    Baron 


isteratWashmiiton.    Prt  sidsS '  CkvesanJ  sja^t 

-..-,-.          •        .,     -  ', 

establishing  the  boundary  line  on  the  rivers  rV 
<  un/ti  and  San 

M     upatles  of  i     nldad.-Asmall 

roaln  Ueji<i  :«..  •     *ofl  •••     ,  •    '  BMPJ    h 

80*  *>  ntitude  and  88*  8T  of  west  loe> 

.  was  recogniaed  when  Brazil  was  a  Poctu- 


saftle<l  th.-r.-:    i.ut   this 
iidand  had  no  inhabitant*  until  Baron  James  A. 
Ilanl<  an  advmtun>u»  Franco  As*Sfi 

can.  who  had  discovered  the  i 

.1  a  colony  of  40 
Sad  in  the  spring  of  1»4.     II- 


in   Tnni- 


struct  wharvee  and  buildings  for  its 

Assuming  that  it  ma*  d.-n 
he  also  conceived  the  id.a  of  *rtting  himself  i  . 
m  a  sovereign  prince.  In  January.  1884*  he  ae» 
som«d  the  rtvle  of  Jamc*  I.  adopted  a  flag  for 
hi*  principally.  establiaBed  an  order  of  tesfJsV 
hood,  and  had  |«per  mooef  and  postage  stamps 
None  of  the 

Mon*.     In  the 

IbrrmcouU     wa*  met 
take  formal  jinsssssion.    Son 

the  Uland.    Whefi  this  was 

. 

inr    [•<«>|»w    wrrv 
l.at  limit 

Uland   an  a  coaling  station.     Although  Brazil 
had  never  occupied  Trinnlad.  her  historical  and 

•  .  •  •  .-.  •  •  .  ma-  always  •    Bsidered    •  -.  .- 

:    -,',       M.i-  r::..-:--«,r.    »,     :     •     M     IfJBJ    | 

and  the  other  cities  to  manifest  the 
dignatkm.  The  Brazilian 

The  British' 


at  toerrqoestofan 


I  WAX.  11. 


paay  thai  intended  to  lay  a  cable  to  I*  Plata, 
and  desired  to  uw  it  a*  a  landing  itation  for 
He  aaid  that  t.rrat  Britain  was 
arbitration. 


U»ir  cable,    lie  said  that  Great  Britain  wa* 

AfttrVota  oorrespondeoce  the  British  Govern- 
assrt  receded  from  its  position  and  rfWgiM**^ 
it  aaiafatoi  lights  of  Braxil.  on  condition  that 
m  .^l.l«  *h*ll  be  rranted.    The 


"" 


with  France.— The  ter- 
i  of  the  Stale  of  Para  and 
.__^.  between  theOya|H.k  and 
rers  and  attending  inland  to 
Uwflrtv^ith  mendian  i»  rlaimc<l  by  Uith  Braxil 
and  Franrr.  The  area  i*  about  80.000  sauars 
mile*. and  the  present  population  perhaps  18,000, 
unir  of  Indians  and  some  Creoles  at. 


gross.  TM  claim  MM  neen  put  forward  in  be- 
half of  the  French  to  the  whole  country  north 
of  the  Amaaon  as  far  west  as  the  river  Branco, 
embracing  100,000  square  miles.  I  n  t  he  seven- 

and 
the 


toeatli  century  France  occupied  this  region 

I'    •'   ..'..       ".'     :     i-  "     "f 

Mt&orn  mouth  of  the  Amazon.     In  the  tr< 


boondanr 
ok.  or  V 


treaty 

Ttrrcht,  concluded  April  11.  17R  the 
was  defined  to  be  a  river  called  Ja- 
or  incent-Picon.  The  French  and  the 
could  not  agree  afterward  what  river 
was  meant  by  these  designations.  The  French 
held  that  it  wan  either  the  Araguary  or  the 
Mapa;  the  Portuguese  claimed  that  it  was  the 
Oyapok.  The  river  Carsevenne  was  accepted  as 
a  compromise  boundary  in  1797.  The  treaty  of 
Amiens  gave  the  count  ryd«wn  t«.thc  Ara. 
to  France  ;  but  war  annulled  that  arrangement, 
and  when  peace  was  restored,  in  1815,  Brazil  was 
to  make  restoration  only  of  Guiana 


north  of  the  Oyapok.  Prance  reserving  her  claim 
to  Uw  disputed  country  even  as  far  as  the  Ama- 
son.  The  French  established  a  military  post  at 
Mapa  in  1888.  hut  withdrew  it  in  1H41  at  the 
earnest  solicitation  of  Brazil.  both  governments 
agreeing  to  treat  the  district  as  neutral  territory 
until  the  boundary  lines  were  settled.  The  dis- 
puted region  it  called  sometimes  Amapa,  or 
Napa,  sometimes  Cunane.  from  the  principal 
inhabited  places.  A  conference  was  h.-ld  at 
Paris  in  1656.  at  which  the  Brazilian  (i 

fered  to  accept  the  Carsevenne,  or  Car- 
es the  boundary,  to  which  the  I 

nent  would  not  agree.  The  French 
Government  made  representations  in  1874  t<>  t  he 
Brazilian  (tovrrnment,  protesting  that  Brazilians 
vws  entering  the  country  and  endeavoring  to 
gain  over  the  inhabitants  for  Brazil  Both  gov- 
ernments then  engaged  to  discountenance  and 
'  M-al  MBtaafiaft  A 
French  journalist  named  Gros,  with  a  view  to 
prepare  the  way  for  annexation  by  winning  over 
the  people,  many  of  whom  were  de* 
fugitive  Brazilian  slave*,  and  attracting  a  col- 
ony  of  French  immigrant*.  set  up  what  he  called 
an  independent  republic  at  Cunane.  of  wh. 

himaelf  President    The  Brazilian 


representative  at  Paris  entered  a  protest  against 
this  proceeding,  and  an  official  notice  was  pub- 
lisbed  by  the  French  Government  stating  that 
France  and  Brazil  both  claimed  sovereign 
over  the  district.    This  was  sufficient  t 
capitalists  and  emigrants  from  going  into  the 


enterprise,  and  compelled  the  amtiitinus  adven- 
turer to  retire.    When  the  Mra/.ilian  minister  in 
broached  t'  -rtile- 

.in.w  in  ISTS.  M.  Waddington  a>suined 
that  Brazil  had  conceded  the  t<>rnt<>rv  n.-rth.if 
and   that    the  tract    i'n   dispute 
was  the  area  between  that  Mivam  and  the  Anm- 
Thi-  left  the  Brazilian  Government   n<> 
acceptable  basis  for  negotiations.     In   1s- 

nent  suggested  a  mixed  bounda- 
ry commission.  The  Bra/.ilian  Congress  made 
an  appropriation,  and  in  February.  is-.C).  il,e 
1-Ven.  h  legation  wjus  informed  that  the  Hra/ilian 

Min-nt  was  ready  to  negotiate. 
The  <|iiestion  had  meanwhile  become  much 

.i-,  lit.      A  Hi/en   from   Cayenne, 

named  Tamtxa,  had  discovered  ri«-h  p»ld 
its,  which  had  l.nnmht  an  influx  of  advi-ntnn -rs, 
mostly  from  l-'n  IK  h  (iuiana.    There  was  no  se- 
curity for  life  <.r  nronerty  in  the  absence  of  all 
civil  authority,  and  when  V  .il,  i  IK  chief 

of  the  principal  Indian  community,  assumed  to 
enforce  laws  and  to  levy  taxes,  and  pretended  to 
keep  order  with  an  armed  force,  his  rule  was 
accepted  by  the  natives  and  for  a  time  tolerated 
by  the  strangers.  When  the  miners  becui 
merous  enough  to  form  a  community  of  their 
own  in  Cunane  and  on  the  Carsevenne  river  they 
refused  to  submit  to  the  regulations  and  exac- 
tions of  Caliral.  They  organized  an  adminis- 
trative service,  with  a  force  of  public  sun-ty  «»f 
their  own  under  the  command  of  a  settler  named 
Trajane,  who  received  an  official  comn 
from  the  authoritie-  in  Cayenne  and  hoiMcd  the 
French  flag.  A  border  conflict  was  thus  precipi- 
tated. The  love  of  fighting  as  well  as  the  lust 
for  gold  drew  wild  and  daring  men  into  the 
country  from  both  sides.  A  force  of  20  men  be- 
longing to  Cabral's  constabulary  and  led  by  Luis 
Bentes,  a  Brazilian  officer,  inarched  to  Cunane, 
hauled  down  the  French  tricolor  over  Trajane's 
house,  replacing  it  with  the  Bra/.ilian  flae.  and 
carried  him  off  a  captive  in  irons  to  Mapa. 
This  incident,  when  it  became  known  in  Ca- 

caused  there  great  excitement.    Th 
ernor  decided  on  taking  immediate  steps  tore- 
store  French  prestige  and  prevent  the  territorial 
claims  from  being  extinguished  by  a  fait  atcom- 
j>li.     He  sent   the  gunboat  "  Bengali  "  to 
with  a  company  of  marine  infantry  under  Capt. 
Lunier.     The  "marines  were  rowed  15  miles  up 
the  river  to  the  village  of  Cabralo,  where  < 
had  his  headquarters.    Capt.  Lunier  landed  with 
a  part    of  his  force  and  marched  up  to  Cabnd's 
Cabral  shot  the  captain,  after  which  a 
fusillade  was  opened  upon  the  Frenchmen  from 
all  the  houses  in  the  village.     According  to  the 
French  account.  Capt.  Lunier  carried  a  flag  of 
truce,  intending  merely  to  demand  the  release 
of  Trajane.    The  Brazilians  say  that  the  I 
soldiery  wen-  ordered  to  arrest  Cabral.  wh 
fense  of  his  liberty.     The    whole   I 
was  soon  engaged,  and  gained  the  victory 
after   two   hours'   combat.     The   Brazilians  re- 
:.    however,    with    fresh    forces  after  the 
h  had  burned  the  village,  an. 1   the  latter 
nd  took  to  their  boats,  carrying  off 
2  Brazilians  and  a  Portuguese  subject  as  prison- 
ers, and  5  killed  and  20  wounded.     The  Brazil- 
ian* were  reported  to  have  lost  60  men. 
The  French  minister  at  Rio  Janeiro  entered 


IUA. 


ilra/.lian 

a  strict  m.|uiry.  »mt  Ut>- 

•r  of  Para 

Lr  Ihr  maUrr.  and  when 
the  Brazilian   minuter 


.**<*«>. 

•  r  h.»r  b«*  Ufirr  Uuft  ku 
yearn   guar  nay.aadth* 

»»££«»:•  - 


I'r. -n.  h  *.  M-    m.ikMi^  lr.  -it  u..vr.  -M  .1,1 
tho    Itnuillaiift   III    Ihr,: 

the  territory  I>*1  t«i  -...i-nni  to  the  com- 
I  Oabral,  and  some  were  not  prr 

• 

••  •  »ppeal  to  their  » 
Ulasj  .iU»rs  were 

in  the  Government  offloes  to  MTV*  in 
>r.    A  great  number  of 


but  heavily  armed  and  eager  for  a' conflict. 
>  Governor  granted  permission  to  minors  to 
7  weapons,  and  iasued  a  proclamation  da- 
ring that  the  Braxiltan  au 

that  France  would  seiie  the 
good  her  cli 


1:1:1  I  is 

«... \.-rn  i 

11.  •    i  i  .  -• 


it?  they  gave  to  make  „ 

"Amazon.    The 

lovemmcnt  rrrallcd  (tor.Charvrin.and 
»l  investigation  of  his  conduct 
of  the  chief  naval  ^fflf*tr  ooomanding 

at  Rio  Janeiro  and  the  Brazilian  M  in- 
'ortign  Affairs  signed  a  protocol  agrss- 

ral   trrr.t..n  l-itration  of  the 

Sweden.     Each  Government  has  till 
"'.M;.  t'-  -iil-u.it  it*  «  u».\ 
t  ol  I  M  HI  \ 
tiiaila. 

it- Utr  in  1804  the  ministry  of 
e  Davie  was  susta 

»taiitial  inaj..nty  in  the  general  elections,  but 
nhortly  aftrrwanl  Mr.  Davie  resigned  to  accept 

^  iiuv.  which  ha«l 

been  vacate. M. v  thr  -  lUillie 

Beffbie.    The  Hon.  James  II.  Turn.  r.  Minister 
.  became  I '  KberU 

was  ap|Miintf«l  Attorney-General. 

I  -vkM>Ut  urr'm.  ! .»,  and  was 

«.|i,-iiwi   i.\   I.i,  ut.-«i..\     h-  u.iiM  r  in  a  apasj  M 

an>  the  most  iin; 

•.4  now  drawing  t<>  *  rloae  has  been 
one  of  great  flnancial  depreavion   throojrbout    thr 

assjntrtes.  tne  rsvsn.e  has  not  eotne  up  to  expeetatfsn. 
The  floods  were  productive  of  much  damaf*  to  prop- 

f  -        •     .      .•.!.,-.--.-••        ,        .  •       • 

i  were  raised,  with  the  advice  of  my 

ial  warrant,  an  i  vTthrr  *t  *n 

•  h*n  i«  u»uaf.  in  <»r\irr  that  \  •  -u  may  rmlifv 

these  and  other  expend toum  demanded  In  the  public 

aho  to  eonsider  an  art  for  ratto*  •  U»n 

inthrflo-v 
tier*  who  had  lo*t  their  enm.  with 

tlu-  luchh  ^mtitx  MU-  rx«ult  that  the  produce  ha*  n<4 
K'vn  .M>n.»u-lv  ,iin,:n;.*h,s|.  an.l  ,n  ISSM  tastSS  •  - 
equal  to  an«l  WTvai«  r  thai 

ioh  doriof  the  early  part  of  the 
VOL.  xxxv.— 7  A 


try  ha*  •»u«6na>d  a  M»O« 

anawassssa^ats4esteli;a9jdllbgnaV 
l)ring  to  ohservethat  sttentfoa  has  been  direetad  to 

.1L1 


U>d  by  the  aet  of  faW 
in  London, 


«  ...la  \alU-j. 

:ig  the  three  months' 
lowed,  a  large  amount  of  * 

.,•,.!.'!,    f.  ...,.:v  beta]  •:„ 
meaturee  that  became  law : 
To 


thai  f o|. 
vas  trans- 


:      •          1 1  •  r  •..'., 

provinos. 
To  seeare  to  wives  and  eaildrea  the 


eM     w  ICiurw   Wat*    *  IpOfUVaWj    OClKinwCBQ    Dj 

many  of  the  members  from  the  SMinlsmt    They 

,-.--•,:•.•         -       ..      '     ..-'..-     -        , 

tal-« 

money  should  be  spent  upon  etlending  railway* 


Ad- 


tU_     .„  ,...-• -         -  -  '  ji  i   i 

•      .... 

js  are  now  in  nruuess  of 
uniinriit  I...L  i.la,-.-..ii  Krl,.-.M. 

tnrrs.— The  r*timalrd    revenue  for  the 
year  ending  June  SO,  18M.  was  as  follow* 
nual   frrant,   intcma    and    sabsfaUss    from  the 
Domii 

•bar  rov 
.  mm,  *--M«...   • 
-      -  .- 

,  $8ftjOOO:  real-prop- 


• 


'    receipu.  mOOO.  license*, 
IT    erty  tax   f80jOOO;  perwxal-nroprrtv  t*\. 

OOuiwikl-UodtAX,  $304)00;  inoocne  tax.  |ftJMN> ; 

r    rej    M    '.11.  f  IT.*--'.   !"::.«  -   M  I    '.    r',    '  .:•  -    »«• 


t..n   It.   mmTs.cosssiond.tles,  H 
withdrawal  of  crrtain  loans  from  sinking  fund. 

~    :  Mat  f  I£*.U».4*. 

•xpeoditnres  for  the  vear  wrrr 
fc  debt,  f  197.40080:  civil  gov- 


MIOBOWI    Publir 


BKITMI    00! 


$145380;  adminirtm 

.1  ..-  •     . 
.:iitrnaiuv).  $'-'?.- 

•  ;   adtmnis. 

,700;  education. 
Works,  $SO>50;  miscellaneous, 

nmerof  I8WMr    Turner,  the 
ntw  Preiter,  vWied  England,  and  i*»»ed 
rindd  loan  of  £4*0,000.     It  ru>  yean, 

and  wa«  taken  op  at  95  and  8  per  cent  interest. 
«>n  hi*  rrtum  hr  wan  able  to  announce  that  a 
.    ,  .         ,.         •.  :    ••-,   :    ...  London 

to  develop  the  mines  <>f  linn*!.  . 

tAtlwajm.— Railway  con*lruetion  during  the 
vr*r  w*«  limited  rhieflr  to  the  completion  of  the 
..!:.-....   .*•,    ••   IM  l  btM 
iKiilt  •  nit  outlet  to  the  silver  ores  of 

:    .  -  •     i,      Man;  thousand 
Ions  of  ore  have  since  been  shipped  to  United 


(hut 


UB  one  01  me  MBDOS  01 
gnmpSbedsof  bitnminou 
covered,  and  also  2  large 
Investigation  showed  the  e 


Other  projected  lines  into  t  his 
main*  region  were  also  discussed  or  carried 
forward  a  stage.  The  British  Pacific  Railway, 
an  important  and  wide-reaching  enterprise,  was 
deferred,  and  other  proposed  and  chartered  lines 
were  delayed  for  want  of  capital. 

Mining.— The  mining  development  of  the 
year  WM  satisfactory.  The  output  of  coal  dur- 
ing 1894  was  1.0I2.0&  tons,  making  it  the  second 
bsst  year  on  record.  Of  this  amount,  827,642 
tons  were  exported,  chiefly  to  California.  S.  .me 
went  to  Alaska, Siberia. and  the  Hawaiian  Islands. 
On  one  of  the  islands  of  the  Queen  Charlotte 

MU  have  been  dis- 
ns  of  anthracite. 
i  existence  of  a  seam  of 
coal  30  miles  long  and  of  a  superior  quality  near 
the  Crow's  Nest  pass  in  the  Rockies,  and  several 
smelting  work*  have  been  established  upon  the 
mainland. 

Export*  of  silver  ore  from  the  Kootenay  dis- 
trict began  in  December.  1808,  and  in  the  fol- 
lowing six  months  were  valued  at  $415.000. 
Gold  mining  also  appears  to  have  had  a  boom, 
principal!/  in  the  Cariboo  district,  where  several 
joint-stool  companies  have  been  formed. 

Rich  deposits  of  iron  ore  have  been  discovered 
where  the  ore  averages  65  per  cent  of  iron. 
»re  naid  to  be  extensive  and  accessible. 
During  the  twelve  months  ending  June  80, 1805, 
40  mining  and  smelting  companies  were  in-  -.r- 
poratad  in  th*  province,  with  a  nominal  capital 

The  fisheries  of  the  province 
The  total  nalmon  pack  during 
L*N  WM  494471  cases,  valued  at  ft*. 
fin  shipments  of  halibut  to  New  York  and  Bos- 
ton were  in  their  u«ual  quantities  and  in  good 
During  the  year  58  vessels^  averag- 

>8S  tons,  and 
518  Indian*,  wiled  from  Vancouver  to  seek 
the  fnrstmi    Th«-  mt.-h  was  lam,  amounting 
'10  ruling  prices  were  poor. 
<  I  real  di««Ufcsf action  WM  frit  in  the  province  at 
the  refuml 

tt»  agreement  with  Omu 
competmation  of  $425.000  for  the  Bering  Sen 

.-  -. 

Umber.— During  the  year  the  export  trade 
in  lumber  largely  increased,  but  the  prices  were 


ing 
and 


not  ?ery  remunerative.    The  i|unlity  and  extent 
of  the  resources  of  f  m  tin-  L 

are  very  great,  and  it  •  not  -ui-pn-in^ 

t   m  i-.'i   18,780,704  fed  wen  taken   tiom 

land-,    while 

from  Crown  land-,  timber  limits,  and  pri- 
vate property.     The  total  . -\\ 
000  feet 

Nen  I  ml  n vl  rips.— These  were  contincd  to 
the  establishment  of  some  smelting  works — no- 
tably that  at  Pilot  |i;i\.  \\  -.ay.  and  the 
development  of  certain  paint,  chemical,  and  cold- 
storage  works  begun  in  the  previous 

\-  i  unit  urc.    -In  the  fiscal  year  ending  .lime 

80,   1M'  ll-hels  of  wheat    Were    1IM! 

in  addition   to   the   large  quantities    from    .Mani- 
toba.     Hut    the   PMHJ  the   succeeding 
season  is  expected  to  diminish  this  import,    l-'rmt 
was  largely  grown  and  in  p><>d  demand,  ti 
under    hops    was    much     increased,    am! 
farming  received    active  encouragement    fi-iii 
the  Government. 

Id  neat  ion.— During   the    year    185   schools 
i  opi  ration,  the  total  expenditure  on  edu- 
cation being  $169,050,  an  average  of  $13.40  per 
popil  enrolled,  or  $21.71  if  ba-ed  on  t  lie  actual 
general  attendance. 

Commerce. — Despite  the  commercial  d 
sion  trade  in  the   province  was  exceptionally 
good.    For  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  the 
exports  have  increased  with  almost    un) 
regularity,  and    during  this  year   i: 
high-water  mark.     The  imports  also  were  aug- 
mented.   The  continued  success  of  the  <  .mudian 
Pacific   steamship  service  to  China.  .lanan.  and 
Au-tralia  helped  largely  in   this   development, 
and  the  vessels  of  the   Northern    Pacific   line 
were  also  kept  fully  engaged. 

BULGARIA,  a  principality  in  eastern  Ku- 
rope  created  in  1878  out  of  a  former  province  of 
Turkey  by  the  decision  of  the  great  pou 
the.Congress  of  Berlin  and  augmented  by  the 
annexation  of  the  province  of  Eastern  Etoumelia 
in  1885.  The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  the 
Sobranje.  a  sin-le  Chamber  in  which,  under  the 
constitutional  amendment  adopted  n 
th«Te  is  a  representative  for  every  20,000  of  pop- 
ulation. Kvery  adult  male  citizen  possesses  the 
electoral  franchise. 

The  reigning  prince  is  Ferdinand,  bon 
26,  1861,  you  1 1  •_'«-!  von  of  the  late  Prince  August 
of  Saxe-Ooburg-Gotha  and  of  Princess  Clemen- 
tine of  Bourbon-Orleans.  He  was  elected  by 
the  vote  of  the  Sobranie  in  1887.  and  ha-  >inc«- 
reigned  df  facto,  though  his  election,  as  well  as 
the  union  of  the  two  Bulgarias,  has  not  been 
regulari/cd  by  the  formal  >ancti..n  of  the  treaty 
powers  ami  of  the  ottoman  Porte. 

The  Cabinet  of  ministers  in  the  beginni1 

1805  was  made  up  as  foil.  ..  n-  of  the 

1    and    Mini-ter   of   the    Interior.    Dr.   C. 

Stoiloff;     Minister    of    Forei-n    Affairs   and    of 

Public  Worship,  <-     l>.   Naehevich:  Mini-tcr  of 

iii    K.  (riicshnff:   Min:-t.-r  of  .Justice, 

P.  Peeheff;   Mini-id-  of   Public  In~tniction.  Dr. 

V.   Bftdoslavoff;  Minister  of   War.  c.,1.   U.    I'«- 

troff;  Minister  of  Hoads  and  Communications, 

Area  and  Population.— The  area  of  I'.ul- 
garia  prorier  is  estimated  to  be  24,:wo  srjuare 
miles,  and  that  of  South  Bulgaria,  as  Eastern 


•tad  in 


now  called.  13,500  square  mile*. 

INWI  «a» 

r  1804  was  esti- 

07,989  l«-i.     •  'f  t  IIP  reve- 


rotnmiinlrstloM.—  There  are  MO  miles  ot 
rmilr. 

lalegraphi 

mails  carried    IIJHMJDOO 
litter*  newspaper*.  eta. 

.ii.-hi  attempting  partially  to 
•«  and  modernUe  the  »y«trm  of  taxation 
merc  ul  t'rrai  i,-  •  .: 


on  the  renewal  of  oom 


ous  stair*,  the  liulgar.m 

ta    fed    -r.  ftp*  :..,'..     ,:  ••       .  \    ,     .•       ' 

tithes  would  be  reduced  40  par  emu,  and  the 


of  t  the  Us  on 

Hi.-   lni.<l  tat.  Ai.-l  thr  tat  on 


.  •  • 


front 
«rn    i 


vineyards,  the  land  Us.  ami  the  tax  on  sheep 

peasant*,  nave   amounted  to   nearly  twice  m 
much  each  rear  as  the  indirect    taxes.    The 


hav,.  i.,  f»,  i.  |...l  more  than  tviot  m 

meat  M  the  inhaiiitanu  of  the  towm- irtS 

Boo- 

it  i  •  ii  i  a.  Scrvia,  and  Bonk  the  tithes  and  other 
ajttiqnaln!  taxc«  have  been  reformed ;  and  afirr 

i  1.1  i          lit 


•n«!  aiidUfMOO 


Army.- 
service  to  ofctfcti 

infantry.  4  of  ca 

'  :  .  -  .»r   ornnted  -.n  • 

i usteri ng  in  tum 

and  men.  and  having  a 1 


mnal   army,  in    which 
^•iments  of 

1  •;   Mitt  !.'-   •  ?   '  •    -i 

ttrii    not  I  briftfa 

.  '  BSJ  .  HUM   ^   •  n 
it 

in. -ii.  w:'h   ,'^  ft-  rl  gjU  -  ind  •'••'•   n..    .:/  i.:.   j  .:,- 

SilistriA  an*  fortresses  on 
the  Danul"  <>n    the    Black    Sea,  and 

Shiiinln  npar  tl».-  S-rvian  lanil  fn>nli^r.     A  flo- 
tilla of  nnmll  gunboaU  is  kept  for  the  defense  of 


tf—  TlM  Bulgarians  are  a  fur 

iurt  in  wheat.    Other 
•  an*  animals,  wool,  tallnu 
INT.  Hax.  LUM.T.  cheese,  and  hides,    The  vnltu> 


thev  were  payable  in  kind,  bavin 

muted  into  a  money  tax  on  the  1mb  of  the 

price*  for  agricultural  produce 

prevailed.    $ome  countries  wbc 

treaties  were  about  to  expire  were 

an  increase  in  the  import  duti<* 
i.  ad   ra/orrm.     In    ad. 
light  excb.  •  centimes  a  kilo,  was  im- 

posed by  an  act  passed  by  the  Sobranjt  upon 

tobacco  duty  was  doubled 
rc.but  had  yielded  only  three  fourths 
of  th.  ,<d  12^)00.000  franca,     A  pro- 

rWonal  ...M.I.,,  r,  : ,:      -..-•••.•. 

lunganrWforether 

passed  on  Dec.  80. 1894.    As  soon  as  the  bill  was 
signed  the  Au»tn»- II mi 


of  thi*  cruiu  r\|M,rt-  in  l-!«:i  »ii*  :  t.  000.53d  lei  ; 
vl«exporte4l,  6,585,000  h?i.    The 

1  ma- 

table, 
gtring  values  in  lei  : 


.-:.. 


UfSJLflf 

•a 

•   • 


a  protest,  representing  the  new  tax  as  an 

Government   in  it*  rrplv  conic 

,  •    ,      .  •  .-        \ 

foreign  merrhants  iJZd  the 
excise   tav  r.  f..Mt.-   to  allow  an  inwlorj  of 

re  •••hind 

i.y  the  .A|.KuUti*4i*,aiHl 

excise   was   cmlculat 
fran.^.an.l  thr  increawd 

\ 

MVP  tax  on  the  income*  of  I raders  and  manuf AC 

torrrx  foreigners  as  well  as  Bulgarians  required 

»pitulalion  the  assent  of  the  powers* 

was  not  given  to  a  similar  law  |iasmi  in 

18H5.    The  new  internal-rrrcnue  duty  and  the 

tnrrea«pd  custom*  dutv  were  threatened  «ith 

o  action  of  tu  if  the  dif- 

-  „   •       V        -    .    ,    -         ••      •    '.    •    •         !'    -•• 

threaleoed  to  levv  a  proportionate  excise  duty 
and  a  differential  custom*  dutv  of  2  per  cent 
on  Bulgarian  product*.  The  Bulgarian  Prime 
lenna,  and  on  May  9  an 


100 


uruj  \KI  A. 


the  Anstro-Hiingarii. 
__  m*  hod.  whereby  not  only  wn 

.  iij    nmiiiUinM.   M    I"   tho  doOmlne 

....,'  •    .      ,»         •  .:•..•....  :.-'i 

vfeld»  two  year*,  the  ,1.,?  .  r  oent  <-» 

|ssfl«tsws*tobeiiM!rMM«lU>  U  The 

Bdfafian  Government.  in  it*  negotiations  with 
IK*  i-.wer*  whose  treaties  of  commerce  ox 
Jan/It,  IflM.  originally  proposed  to  mak 
gMftsral  twit  15  per  eenU  and  accepted  pro- 
vSoMilv  an   increase  to  104  per  cent     I  In- 


made  wpreat  Bn.».,, 
ani|  (jit  other  countries  pending  the  conclusion 
ols>ewtf»»lieswithm  two  vears. 

Thr-     \«*«»*huttinii    of   MiimhnlolT     'Ih- 
MvanusMQt  of   M.  >  pporUd   l>y   the 

Cbaservativr  and  Cnionist  parties,  crush. 

S*  rathlssfth  nn.l  effectually  as  Stain- 
done.    Elections  took  place  in  the 

of  February.  1806,  to  All  vacant  seats 
in  "the  Sobranje.     At   Tirm.va  •  ;iment 

nsjHHstT  was  elected  by  an  overwhelming  ma- 
jority over  Sumbuloff  and  a  Zankoflist.  but  not 
without  a  conflict  between  the  military  and  the 
The  authorities  used  force  also  at 

and   lx.ftcha;  and  at    Hiela  Slutina, 

Icon*  was  elected  at  the  previous  elec- 
tion, both  parties  used  firearms,  and  his  sup- 
porters were  prevented  from  voting.  The  onlv 
place  where  an  Opposition  candidate  was  al- 
lowed to  be  elected  was  Rasgrad,  which  returned 
Karavelofl.  In  the  municipal  elections  at 
Varna,  which  occurred  later,  the  adherents  of 
rUdoaUroff  were  ousted  after  a  serious  riot. 
Although  the  Opposition  parties  were  deprived 
of  representation,  there  was  no  harmony  be- 
tween the  factions  of  Stambuloff.  Radoslavoff, 
Zankoff.  and  Karaveloff. 
A  commission  of  the  Sobranje,  appointed  to 


investigate  the  actions  of  Stevan  Btambolofl 
and  Us  Cabinet,  on  Jan.  2,  1805,  obtained 


from 


the  military  court  an  order  for  the  arrest  of  the 
fallen  dictator,  on  the  charge  of  complicity  in 
the  murd.-r  of  Hcltcheff,  on  account  of  which 
Petto  Karaveloff  was  sent  to  prison  for  (he 
years  in  1801.  The  latter  was  now  set  free, 
The  threatened  arrest  of  SUmbuloff  caused  a 
ml  agitation  among  the  people.  The  foreign 
diplomatic  agents  in  Sofia  intervened  to  |.n  v.  t,t 
the  arrest.  The  popular  unrest  was  extended  to 


the  army  by  the  action  of  the  Government  in 
dlMDMnc.  on  the  ground 


- 
captains  and  many 


grou 
other 


Ind    of    incapacr 
DO  .  r-  Wh0   had  btSJI 


promoted  by  the  late  Govern. ..-nt.  The  police 
made  domiciliary  visits  at  the  house  of  Stambu- 
loff. and  constantl/  persecuted  him  nn.l  1 
lowers.  Sr%«-ml  of  hi*  police  officials  were  con- 
vieCed  of  crime.  M.  Lukanoff,  who  was  prefect 
of  .Sofia  during  the  latter  reaps  of  his  Gorem- 
ment,  was  sentenced  to  four  Tears'  imprison- 
ment on  the  charge  of  torturing  persons  sus- 
pected of  plotting  against  Prince  Ferdinand. 
Surobuloff  know  in  April  that  a  band  of  his 
ssMSiies  was  teamed  together  to  mnrd.  r  him.  to 
_•  v  -  }• 

executed  as  BehchefT*  •nderatm.and  suspected 


that  the  miniver*  and  the  Prince  were  cognizant 
of  the  plot.    The  chief  of  thb  band  was  Tufek- 
chieff.  who  was  sentenced  in  Constant in<-- 
the  murder  of  Dr.  Vulkovich.  the  Bulgarian 
agent,  and  whom  the  Bulgarian  Government  re- 


fused to  extradite  and  allowed  t«>  x«  fr> 

with-tninlin^  it-  I'P'inisr  to  keen  him  impris- 
mied.  I  'nder  a  law  |UISHM|  in  the  la>l  M-»ion 
..f  the  Siliranje.  the  f  •  kfOf  of  S..liu  and 

some  employees  of  the  GovenmeuJ  «f  sianil>u- 
loff  were  cited  ln-fon-  tin-  trilmnals  i"  jrive  at» 
account    of   their  official   conduct    ami    of   tlic 
sources  "f  thrir  inci.me.     When   himself  sum- 
moned  t<>  le-tifv  in  a  suit    linuight   apiii, 
of  Ins  iii.liri-  in-jM-ctors  for  illegal  ai- 
KisSOff,  who  was   int.-rnrd    us   (lit-    li-adi-r   <>f  the 
conspiracy  against    Prince    Kerdinaiid   in    ls'.">. 
Stambuloff  refused  to  obey,  on  the  ground  that 

•  al'inet  mini-icr  can  not  be  called 
count  for  hi- oIliciMl  coii,|u<  t   exi-ept  l.\  ..nlerof 

iiranje.      lit-    and    his    friends,   [Oft 
In-  impending  fate,  begged  the  internment   in- 
cessantly to  allow  him  to  leave  the  couiitry.  his 
physician  having  ordered  him  to  go  to  Carlsbad 
for  the  waters.    The  Government  refused  to  let 
him  depart,  because  the  commi--ion  of  inquiry 
Objeotea      He  kept   armed   retainers  top: 
his  enemies  from  breaking  into  his  house. 

On  July  15,  when  he  was  about  entering  his 
house,  Stamluiloff  wns  attacked  by  four  men. 
two  of  whom  shot  him  and  two  stabbed  him. 
Wounded  in  twenty  places,  he  died  on  the  third 
day.  after  telling  Ins  wife  that  Haliu  and  Tufek- 
chielT  had  killed  him.  getting  her  to  promise  to 
•OOSpt  nothing  from  the  palace.  The  p.,; 
stead  of  arresting  the  assassins  on  the 
allowed  them  to  escape  and  cut  down  tho-e  who 
attempted  to  pursue  them,  ami  then  pushed  their 
way  into  the  house  of  the  murdered  man  and 
arrested  his  friends  and  servant  son  the  j  : 
that  t  hey  were  accomplices.  The  widow  rejected 
the  wreath  sent  bv  Prince  Ferdinand  and  his 
message  of  condolence  and  refused  to  l 
any  one  connected  with  the  Government  or  the 
court.  At  the  funeral  a  rabble  danced  and  sang 
ribald  songs  over  the  grave.  A  month  later  the 
grave  was  desecrated  and  an  attempt  was  made 
to  steal  the  body.  Prince  1-Vrdinand.  who  was  at 
Carl-had  when  his  former  minister  was  mur- 
dered, was  afraid  to  return  immediately. 

Deputation  to  si.  Petersburg.— In  further- 
ing the  intrigue  by  which   Stambuloff  was  re- 

;    from  office  Prince  Ferdinand  was  actu- 
ated by  the  desire  to  become  reconciled  to  the 

ind  obtain  the  recognition  of  the  powers. 

XankotT.  who  was  pardoned  and  returned  from 
exile  iti  Juniiar.  M  ambit  iou-  to  be  t  he 

agent  of  reconciliation, but  the  stoiioff  mini-try 
was  willing  to  make  concessions  in  older  tore- 
fain  the  goodwill  of  the  (  xar.  The  Sobranje 

to  send  a  deputation  to  St.  Petersburg  to 
deposit  a  wreath  on  the  tomb  of  Alexander  III. 
The  Pan-la\i-t  agitation  in  Bulgaria  ceased  after 
the  degradation  of  SUunbuloff.  Prince  Loba- 
DOff,  Russian  Minister  of  l'»r<  i-n  Affairs,  sent 

circular  in   .March  t  representa- 

tives in  the  P.alkan  states,  enjoining  them  to  ab- 
stain from  interference  in  the  dome-tic  afT;firs 
of  thoM'  countri.-.  The  P.ulgarian  deputation, 
headed  by  An-hbi-hop  i 'lenient  and  Teodon.fT. 
President  of  the  Sobranje.  arrived  in  Petersburg 
in  the  beginning  of  July  and  was  received  by 
Prince  Ix»banoff,  and  on  July  17  had  an  audi- 
ence with  the  Emperor. 

Macedonian    Agitation.  -A    movement   was 
started  in  Bulgaria  for  the  revival  of  the  Mace- 


BUUSAKIA 


101 


ianqoeetion  .which  the  Government  attempt- 

no  iiain- 

n  .-..in  in  idrm  were  famed  in 
town  u  M  u  h  I  he  avowed 

i«  execution  of  the  reform* 

ved  officially  in  thr  related 
question  of  the  Bulgarian  «-\an  hatr  in    Maoe- 

of  Man-h  II.  !-  r*»ti.rt*l  the  an- 

|>halou»<'hun  h.  m. 
ilgarian*  a»  a  dUtn 

k  pa!  run  hale.  The  privilege*  ac- 
eorded  by  the  firman  were  withdrawn  in  pan  in 
imteCttWJOABMtof  '!..  „,.„  „  ,.f  th 


•|.i..  BtBMri  ..f  BvkpriM  bfahopj  •••  i  aw  •  i 


U  in  1890  an  kop  ami   Kut.nli 

^MotUt.Ur   .,,,1  SeJotti- 

•irman 

,.f  LS7Q  •  wind  to  an    U  i  .-.  r  ,,  <  '  rten 

-eof  tbe  finnan 
.--  that  hUhopric*  anall  be  .-• 

M  demand. 

1  (.•     .»M  :-V:    i.-.''         r  '      •    »•  .   !'.  .  ..wr* 

in  Macedonia,  wbo  foond  a*  yet  little  enpport 

wevai  r  •!..'.  13  •«! 

an  autooomooi  pmroe  and  the  promulgation 
of  MI  organic  »tatutr   hkr  th>  t,  Hii|. 

fparia.    Th< 
donia  was  oauvrc)  b    tn>  M   troablca. 

ti.-n  ,,.ntin.-.l  t 

u  of  aut 
by  the  powew 
were  two  riv 


carin 

and  T 


,     :  •• 

nsuons  guaranteed 
rn 

nian  eoeietiee  in   Hul- 
v     AH    the    Fratrrnal 
d*  nm-r  amli- 

i«rty.  and   the   lattrr 
)>ul<*(T.     A  congreeiwae 
boginnini 

s«rbm  and  AU«ntans 
In  Macedonia  were  • 

rottimideee  in 

-.  lliirharrot,  an.  I   lU-lcmdf  withheld,  but 
.itrnin!  I'm-  n  h-  M   n!.»  f  tint 

prmidcnt  of  the  conirnea.    The  Turkish  Gorern- 
•mn  Oorernment  t«>  applr 
renrweire  reme«li«  •>   to   the   gr 

m  ftfTm^   -liH-urrrtl.  in    which  a  Turkifth 
TurkUh  parri«n«  on  the 

« 
and  ailven-  Utrmpted  tort 

mrr-  •meted    TI,  TttrfcS  oAeatk  ta  Ma 

n—.rt.-,|  t«.  hanh  nu-th^l-  t«  rr|>m«  the 
agitation,   and    thu*   ma<le   the  situation  more 

in  Bulgaria  as  laborer*  ami 

pathl?  r^w*  the  (r 

ir  hand  A.*  In  June  Turkish  frontier 
c«»nU  rnwvd  the  line  in  throe  place*,  and  the 
Hulpiri.in  Government  made  rrprrM-nUUon*  on 
Iheaubjtvt  to  the  P  oi>  of  R*»hi  IU- 

louln  oame  into  collision  with  liulfranan  pottea, 


wbo  bad  eniaMl  ebeep  that  •(  rayed  over  the  bop* 

which  tb«  Buljpirun    (iurenuBeot  demanded 
from  the  T  .,ur>  u.d. 

Ill    Ml 

1'alai.k 

\,-i  •  f  i  riret     \ri.  ,-!  »  Hdi  bafan  •    ;•    •   •  • 

v  from  Roumelia,  aoreatnlned  by  the  Bui- 
K-riar 

•he  riolatimui  of  the  frotx 
nan  trtiope.    The 
Hull  an'*  tnwpt  in  the  mountain  and 

OM  •  .•!!,(  .',t.\   .  f    t!..  n,    '..    r-  tfn         \ 

<lan  v,|laK,.  nrar  th.-  fr..i,i,rr  wa.  Lun.rd.     "I  h« 

I'ul^'arian  Uovernment«  whicb  in  itjsdecumMi"fic 

•  he  Macedonian  moTemrnt  h»! 
acorn<t  attnu.lr.  wa»  afraid  to  co-operate  wilh 
the  TurkUh  authoritleaand  even  aoafttl  acroand 
for  quarn 

note  of  the  Porte  urging  that  a  rtriritr  cuard  be 
•n  the  frontier,  the   lluljmrian  ajcmt  at 


*ple  preainted  a  note  repeat  rey  the 
demand  for  amtufaniun  for  the  recent  violation* 
of  Itulganati  tt-rritonr  and  rrttr  ratinf  tne 
of  tne  rian-h  for  the  creation  of  flre  new 
opric*.  The  Porte  rHnrned  a  »harp  refueal  to 
t  hb  demand,  deorteff  the  right  of  tbeBakwjea 


affaire  or  to  intervene  in  iu  relation*  with  the 
Bulgarian    • 

Med  a  Mgnifiraiit  hint  that  nnleai  the 
Bulgarian*,  both  in  tbe  principality  and  hi 
Macedonia,  ii.amun.ed  a  i>eac*able  attitude  the 

BMJMIHMJiflortkHi   w.    .    !  r.    fifM*  • 

receiving  thi*  uncomprombing  reply,  the  Bui- 

C.-inan  «,    \.n.r:..!.:    it.f  Tr:..-:  •'.-     -      v.v  ••  V     • 

•aw  no  nece*eity  for  the  urteinte  of  ha  diplo. 
at   the  Porte,    la  conee- 

nMM*]Z  I'      •••',..••.;..'.. 
ft,  leaving  the  agency  to  charge  of  the  eecretary. 

Th-     Ma-,.!.  ,.:;.„  V.  v     •    IfMd    -..        »    ,- 
tween  Palanka  and   Vranja,  extrndmg  to  the 
country  between  the  riven  Pahinia  and  Kriva. 


The  rebel*  tore  up  the  railroad,  la 
rmed  band*  of  B*»* 
and  attacked  village*. 
fought  the  Turkish  tn<ip* 
Martini-Henry  rifles  The  Turktah  tronp.  at 
Palanka  werr*  reinforced,  until  it  w»»  impoaaS- 
ble  for  frr»h  U  -  m  the  frontier.  OM 

Un.l  of  ioaurgenla  wa*  mmwodrd  at  the  vfllafa 
nnan.  and  many  wore  killed  and  the  re- 
mainder matle  ^ariaoMML  .  •      - 

»?m  paSv^ith  the  mballioav     8om*  Mm2£> 
tSm  wno  held  cnmmkw4one  to  the 
army,  dcaertrd  to  take  part  in  the 

Irll.-v.      ,,'f 
hra.lv    Wrrr 

•JMttM 

I- f  .  f  1 

!  I   • .  ! 


_£_.     k^LI      r  nmimt^r^a    in    fl^.     RM|«BM*M 

ntan«  wno  new  comaiai*ioa*  in  law  Daunnaa 
i.-*rn.-d  to  take  pan  in  the  revolutionary 
uprWng.  E»«rrratej  etone.  of  Turkiah  vio- 
leoce,  of  atfonuea,  aurh  M  the  ^yMMftnei  of 
head*,  were  eprrad  abroad,  in  the  vain  nope  of 

•IMtiMeympaihy  tAroad  and  gateiag  the  «p- 

/  .      _       t~~  -  -  -  *  --  •»--— 

'       ."  •  '          •'        '  "          •       .    s>  .1 

TMH!  the  attrtn|4ed  imurrertioo  mejet 
cnme  to  naught.  The  Turkieh  OoMmmfnf 
drafted  regimeota  from  Ometantinople  and 
A«*a  Minor,  uatfl  a0yOOO  or  tQuOOO  regular  troops 


to  naught      The   Turkish 
ird    ngimioU   from 

0  regular  troops 

in  the  dixurbed  district,  whose 
wa*  to  watch  the  Bulgarian  a 

sly  for  dealing  with  the  in- 
in 


<  Al.iroKMA. 


ewv  district  to  «tppm  a  revolt  wherever  it 
should  ana*,  ami  |.r*|iaraliaM  were  made  for 
calling  in  the  AUuu.mn  I-IIUIMIM  n  if  il.. 
were  needed.    Tb»  powers  made  representation* 

..•-•.          •        ,  •  .   M     •..-..,•,    fcttitud<    Of 

•  '    -        '•••:••    '•  •'     '"   >i.»n...t,. 

that  th*.tnM*:i,>  ninrr.1  i,y  the  great  , 

...         .  •         V  ...    :    •  ..,:.  ,,nu-rant> 
to  Bttltfarui   to  hop*  tool 

reforms  similar  to  thaw  proposed  in  Armenia; 
the  Bavarian  Government  had  i-rimMed  th- 
agitation  to  go  cm,  being  |  that  it  was 

employing  purely  moral  means.  n».i  thai  severe 

,..:.::.. -i    m-Tedan- 

fHOM  sa«ret  agitation.  The  note  expressed  the 
COM  that  the  gn«t  i-.werx.  which  hail  already 
,\  -  -  .  :  •  »  •  .  ,  .  •  iheertli  of  the 

.  ,  i  |  \i., .,  !  oia,  raid 
find  mean*  in  the  interests  of  peace  to  calm  the 
public  mind,  as  had  been  .!.••„•  in  the  case  of 
Armenia,  A  promise  was  made  to  the  Porte  to 


take  vigorous  measures  apiinst    ih,    .•imitation 
ami   t"  |  r.  -\eiit  km.. 
.in-l\.  tli- 

•    1    a-aiii-l    an\    nn-li- 
iH.rm;;  Mat.-. 

A  baml  of  1,000  Bulgarians  m 

niirr  near  tin-  end  of  .lulv.  ami  after  de- 
|  (In-  Turki-h  patrol  at  bjiuna.  entered 
AII  <>f  Mciilik,  ami  liunu-il  tlu-  .Mohaintnr- 

dait  ijuartrr.    On  Aug.  9f  another  i>an«l  <-i  I.IHMI 

Him    rai<l«l    tin'    .M.-liainiiii-ilaii  ili-i  ! 
iali  ami   lmrnr.1  th«-  town  of  .laiiakli.  afti-r  kill- 
ing 25  of  tlu-   iiilml>iiaiit>.     !•'«•  r  thi>  th. 
ili'inaii'l.-il    cxplanal  ions    of    tl» 
mi-lit,   which   n-plictl    that    n«»  •  ir\«il- 

otief  i-  pov.il ilc  witlmui 

ini;  Bolgmrian  troopt  there,  to  which  the  Porte 
has  always  ol.j.-.-tnl.  Th.  Mn^Miliuan  village 
of  Knsteiidil.  in  the  i;hoil»|M-  di-in<  I  of  I'.ul- 
\\a>  luirneil  after  a  fierce  li^hl  with  the 
villagers  in  which  many  fell  on  both 


C 


<  M  IIOKMA.  a  Pacific  coast  State,  ad- 
mitted  to  the  Union  Sept.  9, 1850 ;  area.  158,960 
square  miles.  The  population,  according  to 
earn  decennial  census  »n.  -,-  admission,  was 92,507 
in  1880;  879.994  in  1800;  560.247in  1870;  864.694 
in  1880;  and  1,206,130  in  1890.  Capital.  Sacra- 

Wofernment,— The  following  were  the  State 
otteers  du  year:  Governor,  Jam.  II 

Hud d.  Democrat ;  Lieutenant  Qownqr.  Spenoer 
anl;  Secretary  [jewil  II.  Ilrown; 

Comptroller.  Kdward  P.Colgan;  Treasurer,  I,.-vi 
Kadc!  l-'it/tferald  ; 

Survevor-General.  M..I.  Wright :  Superintendent 

ll!a.-k;    Chief  .hlMiee 

of  the  Supreme  Court,  W.  II.  Beatty. 

Fiaaaeea.  —  The  report  of  the  Comptroller 
showed  balances  on  hand  in  the  various  State 
f  mills  on  Dec,  1,  1894,  as  follows: 

*alnutd.$l7&£»U»;  nchool,  $187,800.69:  in- 
and  staking,  $*&,08i.l6:  State  school  land, 

.     -..-.     -  .r.  1    ...  ;        '      >  .     -.' 

(  ..::.. r        .      •     ••-..    '..'.     >.    .     -      '  :     -..' 

Oaivwstar.  $3.471.09 ;  Mining  Burma.  $486.6'.'  : 
Library,  $4,1 49> 

ft;  war  bond.  tMMJO;  Yosemite  vallev,  $49.49; 
adult  bUadT$ftjBOS.U;  rev. 

railway    tax, 
».»;  railway  tax  contingent.  $1JM&86*: 


$"MMA1; 


$SM>.44;    Sao  - 

-  •  • 


.  >         .    :-.   .• 

;  Bank 


aaeeial,  $M40^6; 

-  •     -  •. 

i. 


.  i  .  .  . 

of  boata,    $1,100;    .pccial 

,    .      , 

-  .     •  -..•    m  depot 
- 


Mt*l;  Buildin*  and  Lnao  AjMciation  iMpcdion, 
io  Stafs  TrcflMiry.  $l.*&U»2.oi. 


Other  items  in  the  Comptroller'*  report  show 
that  the  receipt*  for 

,.-:•',         -      v;  -.,     :,        .     :    .  ,.,.,. 

ditnrr^  $1T 

penditurv*.  |LVM.H46.    For  the  forty-fourth  fiscal 
year  the  tax  levy  for  school  purposes  was  $1.966,- 


174,  The  actual  amount  collected  from  prop- 
erty tax  was  $2.1 1". .!»!!.  l-'or  tin-  forty-fifth 

fiscal  year  there  was  levied  for  school  purposes 
:.-J7!l.  There  was  c«,|h-cte.l  ^VJnl.lll.  ol 
which  $72,7'»s  \va-  f"i-  hack  railroad  taxes  for 
the  years  1880  to  18H.~>,  in.du-i\e. 

The  receipts  from  other  sources  amounted  to 
$569,316.  These  amounts  to-ether  with  Im- 
balance from  the  forty-fourth  fiscal  year,  aggre- 
gated $3,861,637. 

The  funded  debt  of  the  State  held  in  trust  for 
the  university  and  school  funds  amounts  to  $2,- 
282,500. 

Appropriations  and  Taxes.— The  tax-levy 
bill  {Missed  by  the  last  Legislature  i-  a  manda- 
tory statute,  and  reads  as  follows : 

The  State  Board  of  K-jiializution  in: 
purposes, for  the  forty  TV, -nth  and  tV.rty-riirhth  ti-.'al 

years,  ti\  -u<-h  an  tuvalonm  rate  of  taxation  upon 
each  $I«H»  in  value  »t'  ta\al>le  property  in  this  State, 
aa  after  allowing  -r>  f>cr  cent,  fordeunqnen 

ofe,,l|ectioti   of  taxes,  UH  provi-led  in  section  3696  of 

.ti.-al   Code,  will   ntis4-  for  the    t 

fiscal  Vear:   Fir>t.   tor   the   L"-n«Tal   fund.  *4,'.»13,106 ; 

seoono,  for  tin   x-h'M.l  fund.  !k2.11.i.'..J.'.'.' :  third,  for  the 

interest  an.l  Hinkiin;  fund.  *iu.i  '•"'•     An-1   f-r  the 

%.ar:   Kir>t.  f..r  th-  L'«-neral   fund, 

•li.H.l   fund.  #•_'.! 
tliinl,   for  the-   interest  nn<l   sirikinir  fund.  *: 

•al  amount  of  appropriations  passed  und  j»ro 
vided   for  in   this  hill   wuj.  $1 '_•.»-:  thm,  $7, 

iSO/HM)  wan  for  tl 

.J  fund.    The  ainounl 

able  frr>m  thi*  fun-1  •lurinif  the    \  ilalf  of 

thegeni-ml  appropiiationH,  $•.;. 

and    cpecial   a[»propriaf  0;   for  01 

$325,000;   and    all    defi<-ieri.  :  making  a 

B 

nut  than  the 

'ed  for  in  the  tax-levy  bill,  therefore  the  tax 

,1  thus 

a  »urpln»  of  $1,881,576  at>  >v<  .A),at  was  ne<-essarv  ha-s 
oeen  t-  -  by  the  lew  of  al.out  10 o 

each  $100  of  valuation  fort!  ear. 

Legislative  SeHslon.— The  thirty-first  bien- 
nial session  of   the   Lc -j,];,tliro  began  on  .Fan. 
7  and  continued  until  Man-i,  K;.    in  isi»j 
Bu«ld  was  the  only   Democratic  State   officer 


14   I 


i.-uU-i.onr 


Iv   "('pealing  10  the 

IN.    R  H  •.,   i,  ..*    •:.. 


I 
noval  oT  fUuin*  aad  UafiioveaMOto  upuo  awm«a^ 

F3SKrbjto»  the  laNanee  of  bead*  by  eW.  or 


contest  Mould  be  made.     Hv  him  they   were 

.-•le  Of   the  Polltt.  n 

*  gubernatorial 
iiioonttittttionaJ  iii  tit., 
rial  |.i»rr  ou  the  L«gi»lalu 


t  , 


I' 


rn«.r  an. I 


M-/.J-    Ml       ':         I     MttM<,      .-    ..    . 

ititf  the  odk»  of  fjJi  MkJ  CUM  wanlan. 
>.ow  Uitkntiit  aeL^ 

•Id  for  delinauMT ta*»  ani  ptorldtev  fer  tk. 
•UOMquant  rcdmt|4Miti  o/Mrb  profMrty  •(  •  nmrnm- 

..       ,.,...-.... 

To  provide  that  a  grant  or  eao<rtjra»ei  of  raal  ayap. 
«d«  by  •  married  w  oman,  may  be  mail*,  ave- 

.  u..  ,j  a,  .|   „,  ,  .  ,  ,  .  ,t  .,  i    ,    ...    .  .       .     .  .    . 

• 

hav,-  lh,  ,au..   .  f!..  t  a.  if  .),.•  »«  r.    u».«.^ff,«-l 


.stoMniunr  districts, sad  provUia*  that  ao 

•WwsHmal  lA  llsmmTfe  a\  sMaMMMt  r^  t*t  a^all   Jtftsmjxr  sift  *m*mil  •*•••*! 

•a^PVmmw  w»f  smcvy  e>  ssai^sB^n  %ay  mjy  pmjsji    loYJIsmftY  •»  I^WJ  MeWM 

beoDsrative   without  the  ooaMOt  of  the   usilar/ 
To  prohibit  adulteration  of  drafm,  food,  or  drink. 


pri 


>  u  ranee.— The  report  of  the 
N- gives  the  following 


lortvafi  ..iii,.-  and  « <'<•  >t.»i-  nvi  nm  at  <•   .. 

had  a. 

that  gentleman's  death,  was  elected  to  fill  th« 

Among  the  constitutional  amendments  pro- 
-  Legislature  which  are  to  be  sub- 

ntions  or 

associations,  and    n>  >  >r*    •  r    trustees 

-  and  severally  liable  to  stockholders  and 
creditor*  for  all  money  embanltd  or  miaanjiro 
flsoan  of  the  corporation, 
y  election  law  was  */nsjffHn1   • 
pmvkles  that  all  j--l 

•  he  same  day.  at  the  same 
ui.l  «nh  the  same  -ml.  »hi<  h 

l-ji«-h  party  must  I 

besoogi  bii  rou  M:.I\  i-  .  i .,  .  •..;..!  ;ii,.i  paftM  i 

second  class,  but  it  provid*  <-  Governor 

»)mll  iflsoea  prorlainatioti   t-.m-ik-    th.-  .Jay  on 
n  i*hrMs  legal  holi- 
dav  thnxichoiit  the  State. 

rv    ailoiiti-il    f  •••spee- 

i  Slat.-.  S 

n  con- 
;>co  to  the 

llawn  in;  to  enact   law.-*  fur  the  pro- 

tection of    farm  i   the  laws 

irran'M,^  an. I  lands  to  tli«>  State,  so  as  to  i 

and  .Irani  th.  in  as  a 

permanent   sch<->  .ppropriatr 

$3,000.000  for  iiii|.n.x,-nunt  ..f  Sai-ramento  and 
San  .I.M.JM  ike  an  appropriation 

construction  of  a  deep-sea  harbor  i 
1 

coinage  of  *i Ivor  at  the  ratio  of  16  t 

N  that  became  law*  are  these: 

-.saSBsnfttt  £ 

'.     • 


premiums,  $ft.780.45£03 ;  loam  paid,  $ltf7.* 
16044:   a» 

•J;  premiums,   $lvt54,4».l« ;  IOSM* 

Banks.— There  are  81  national  banks  in  the 
Stat.-.  han  in  18M.    The  semiannual 


August,  shows  the  combined  assHa  of  the  na- 
tional banks  to  be  $31.157.2: 

*1.4«7.:CJ?IT.       Th- 
amount  of  money  on  hand  in  the  banks  of  the 

•n  June  l.v»  w  divided  as  follow 
Hon«HM,nk*.$4.tt->.l-  llfO.- 

087.4S;  001.  .»i,k*.  $  I-/.;  I.  -.•4^42;  *+* 

inn  banks.  $4,300^51.11  ;  total.  $t7jMO. 
The  combined  asset*  hj  rlaan  >tional 

bnks,  $31  ;••:  .::  ::     ,  -     .      >-,•*."$*  HI 
NM$,  oosmnMr  ,  kw  kv  $13M14JNJI   sW- 
ings  banU  «  1  44,980.789.01  ;  total.  $309.1  7 
4  1  .     There  was  due  to  depositors  from  national 
bankm  *1V  from  pri%atr  Ui.U  $919.- 

883.18;  from  commercial  banks.  $&M«J 

M;  total,  $«0,. 


from  w 


, 


S?$»K 

II      ..    :    .:       •     „•  -.I 
I.— The  Vallej    K«i:r.«.| 


the  half  rear. 
ri   IUiln»i 

)»  tin*  San  Juaquin  ralley  from  San  Fran- 
cisco eastward  and  sonUivsrd  to  llaV .  rsflf Id. 


pelUnt:  barbsts  sn.1  »•»• 

rvUtinir  u>  Uic  nu|H^sMlon 


and  leased 


mi,  I  |mni<lit\  • 

arlv 


The  annual  r 

phrt 
<•  >ear  ending  i 

wed  in  Mar.     It  anovs  as  total  receipts  abore 

a  decrease  from 


relief  Amd  In  the 
afi      Mai 


the  receipt*  of  1893  of  $ 

strike,  hard  tames,  and  other  Minsft.    Reoripa 


LOi 


IFOKNIA. 


swell  the  aggregated  receipts 

P^4fl 
earnings  and 

tion.  forth.  year  was  $144.- 


n  option.  fort.  year  was 

m  again**  $7*4.7  1  :  f.r  !«. 

Ttoftrsl  boo*  of  ihb  company  •  second 

inMsbondsfeUdu,  .,,.!.-...  -  :.m. 


mort- 

MfS.bondt  IWI  due  in  January.  'They  amounted 
tottJOLOOO.  with  6  percent,  interest  for  thirty 
ywn,  or  a  total  of  $6.618,600.  l«gin- 

Ufa*  of  the  yt*r  there  was  in  the  United  SUtes 
i .  ,      .......<  ••..    Ian  1  an  1  tote*  -t 

account,  for  transportation  service  rendered  to 
the  Government  by  the  company,  the  ..im  of 
81  In  the  sinking  fund  there  was 
w.  and  the  oompany  was  entitled  to  ad- 
rrtdiis  of  $654*6126  and  $864,107.76, 
the  total  assets  of  the  company  in  the 

of  the  Government  $1:1.567.836.35. 
The  matter  of  the  railroad  reassessment  for 
1887  U  Mill  unsettled. 

The  Southern  and  Central  Pacific  Railroads 
recent  selections  of  more  than  500,- 
«»f  Und.    By  law  they  are  permitted  to 


sslsct  only  agricultural  land,  but  it  Kioontsadsd 
that  much  of  the  land  selected  is  mineral  hind, 
and  effort*  are  being  made  to  prevent  the  issu- 

railroads  therefor. 
-This  bureau,  created  by  the 
Legislature,  was  organ  i  /.-.I  in  May  and  has 
nt  regulations  for  the  protection  of 
UM  milk,  butter,  and  cheese  industry.  Heavy 
penalties  will  be  exacted  for  adulteration 

'    ;  oleomargarine  and  kindred  products  with- 
accurately  describing  them. 
Mali 


MM  VHUTV*  mrv   IIPIMM   u 

uaaos  of  patents  to  th- 
PalryBerea. 

last  legislature,  was  or 


i  revenue  returns  filed  in  Sep- 
•  show  that  there  are  104  stills  in  the  State, 
i  of  which  employs  about  i:.  eOov. 

r*  vmeyardists  to  conduct  distil h-r- 
iss  for  the  manufacture  of  grape  brandy  to  be 
used  in  flavoring  or  -  fortifying  w  sweet  wines, 
and  on  brandy  so  used  no  tax  is  levied.  For  the 
f  the  sweet-wine  dhtill.-r- 
of  the  "right  of  forti- 
roore  than  60  gau- 

gcrs  in  the  field,  whose  services  are  free  to  the 
vineyardisu.    The  brand v  used  U  24  pn> 
sherry,  port,  angelica,  and  muscat  contain  almut 


.,-.:! 


cent  of  brandy  for  fort  iflcal ion. 

•      f   ,-.v,--   «.:       .     •.     -,'.}    •.-.  '    r 

UM  sseson  of  18M-V5.  as  reported  before  and 
after  official  fortification,  the  increase  noted  be- 

'....i'       -.     .    ..... 

••      -  -      :--::.    /•.-       .    .:  • 

total, U88UM.  Fortified, 
port,  1^68.165;  snerry.M8.716:  angelica.  280310; 
ma«at.  1*3.168;  total,  2.6S4.888.  Fresno  and 
LOT  Angeles  are  the  great  sweet-wine  centers. 

VUfcallur*  was  this  year  dissolv,  i.  an<l  the  du- 

.-1  t>r  it  were  imposed  upon  the  State 

University,  with  an  annual  appropriation  of  $5> 

000.    The  report  of  the  board,  made  at  the  end 

of  la»t  year,  showed  that  of  the  $30,000  appro- 

the  support  r,f  tho  commission  for 

1804  and  1808.  $14.171.11  had  been  etpen 

Orange*.— The  Southern  California  Fniit  Kx- 
change  at  Los  Angeles  reports  that  during  the 


ou,  Ts-;,m|  M,i,,|M  is"  \sxoria1ion. 
-irty.  cir^ani/cd  in  Frl»nuirv.  i^  tin-  re- 


season of  1804-*06,  closing  Sept  1,  2,503,500 

;      i 

:h  t  \w  exchange.  Tin-  indmlnl  :{.v>o.">  curs 
of  mix.  •]-.  2.924  cars  of  seedlings,  881  cars  of 
Mi  •<)!(<•  rranean  sweets,  254  cars  of  An-tr.-ili.-m 
navels,  208  cars  of  St.  Mi.  -I.  loods, 

rs  of 
I  mil 

—  This  S4K-irt 
sult  of  n  resolution  a«lo|.Ird   l.y  lii.    Knnt-grow- 
•i\.  mion.  held  in  Siicrn'inciito  in  Nov.-m- 
1(1.     Its  object  is  to  establish  a  Inr 
information   for  th<>  JIUI-|M  ilatin^'  th»» 

iiic-nof  Kastrrn  fruit  shipinrntsainl  JiKo 
for  nrninj;iMtf  tin-  iiuinhcr  and  inctlnxl  of  auction 
sales  of  such  shipment  >.     It  was  decided  to  hav<> 
only  one  auction   room    in   rach  city,  and   also 
that  tho  sales  and  rooms  should  be  open  and  five 
to  all  bidders.     At  its  orpan  i/.at  ion  the  i 
represented  75  per  cent,  of  the  fruit  industry  of 
the  State. 
Insane  A§vliimg.—  In  PebraarytiM  oast  wing 

of  the  San  Hernanliiio  asylum  for  the  in-ane 
was  fini-hed  ;  the  west  \\ing  was  completed  in 
November,  1802,  and  was  opened  in  August, 
1898.  With  its  two  wings,  the  asylum  has  a 
frontage  of  over  800  feet,  and  includes  four 
wards  for  men  and  two  for  women.  In  June  it, 
contained  311  patients  —  207  men  and  104  women. 
This  is  one  of  several  asylums  for  the  in-ane. 
The  Governor  this  year  refused  to  si^n  the  hill 
making  appropriation  for  its  maintenan 
in  his  message  to  the  Legislature  said  that  one 
of  the  main  sources  of  State  extravagance  i-  t  he 
care  of  the  insane,  and  that  a  large  percentage 
of  the  so-called  patients  confined  in  tl.. 
asylums  are  not  legally  entitled  to  a  home  in 
those  institutions. 

Folsom  Prison.—  On  July  1  1  there  was  turned 
over  to  the  State  proiierty  valued  at  $2,000,000, 
the  payment  for  which  had  been  made  in  convict 
labor  at  50  cents  a  day  for  each  convict.  This 
property  comprised  the  483  acr«-  near  Folsoni 
devoted  to  the  prison  site,  all  the  buildings  on  it.  a 
dam  in  the  American  river  within  the  pri-.n  -ite, 
a  :io-foot  canal  6  feet  deep  to  Folsom,  with  a  72- 
foot  fall  at  Folsom,  and  a  power  hou>e  and  fir-t- 
class  electric  plant.  The  work  wa-  -1.  n.  1 
convicts  for  the  Folsom  Water  Power  Company, 
successor  to  the  Natoma  Water  and  sftntagConv 
pany,  which  owns  the  bed  of  the  American  river 
and  land  on  both  sides  for  2  miles,  power  can 
now  be  furnished  to  large  factories  and  plants 
of  various  kinds.  On  July  IvJ  i-li-i-tric  jiov. 
transmitted  from  Folsom  to  Sacramento.  In 
1888  the  Legislature  authori/.-d  the  selection  of 
a  site  for  a  branch  prison  ;  in  1H74  $175,000  was 
appropriated  for  its  construction,  and  Folsoui 
prison  was  completed  in  1882. 

so,  let]  of  Pioneers.—  The  annual  report  of 
this  societv  shows  the  receipts  for  the 

neraJ  fund  as  $904)95.62;  disbursements, 
$18jW4.:w.  The  relief  fund  ws  d,  $1,- 

715.93  cl  tiring  the  year,  making  a  total  in  this 
fun.l  of  627,216.86;  of  this,  6»,910.40  wa^  >\\- 
bnned.  leaving  a  balance  of  $17,306.46,  of  which 
67,806.46  is  available  for  relief  work  during  the 
coming  year.  The  total  a>s.-t  I  of  the  society  are 
placed  at  $464.166.50;  its  liabilities  amount  to 
$884,674.2:{.  The  number  of  members  is  1,108, 
of  whom  733  are  original  pioneers. 


:•  I 


r  and  Harbor  Improvements,— The 
anmin  .  IMA,  on  rivrr  and  hart*»r 

the  work  at 

San  |iir|*o  harlMtr  llm  i<  »*»  ••Ivanced 

i.-i  .luring  ihn  flaral  year 

-rthrr  completed 

to  high  water  for  a  length  of  CM  f. 
bnndatioi  MNMM  »-  laid  for  24*  r       .    . 


>f  the  jetty  axtanaion  have 

Hi.-    I.. a   .1.  j.'h      I  ii..     10  ,il 

-J  the  end 


wan  5  or  6  feel  there 

rt.juMi   rn*r  £K).0*3  has  bean  ex- 
the  year.  i.mk,.,K-  the  total  of 

of  »  fe*  lias  been  obtained  to  Stockton, 
ging  operation,  abovr  that  j-Mtil  have 

"      -  .    •  .          •       .•    :   !      .        •  •        •     "       .• 
expended  during  the  year  wan  ftMM,  making 

A!  till  1.7 1 :  .tfitainalSa •- 

ha*  removed  Ihr  .h,*l  fn-m  1 1,,-  bridge. 
In  Hum »«.l- It  liar  the  work  of  improi 

and  the 


,.,,.i..l.    makmc   .   i 

channel.  '&  ferl  ,|,rp  have  l^rl,  .4»Uined. 

onamti  •  f  !»„•  M:  !.»:•-.  r  i  ait  ..f  iv,  i  *.0 
made  in  January.  1805.  The  total  receipts  were 
- 

ii>.Ta,  leaving  a  balance  of  t66.851.49,  w). 
table  of  assets  shows  b  made  up  of  t41.tttt.45 
••a*h.  the  remainder  being  material  and  property 
ting  unsold.    There  are  still  outstanding 
Iml.i! 

rt  l.iiil.link' that  ha*l  been 
erected  for  the  fair  was  tr 
miesionen  of  Qoldon  ( int.-  Park,  and  was  formal- 
ly dedicated  and  opened  as  a  museum.    At  the 


•   \s\h\    ln»ll\ln\  OF.  (internment— 
fter  Sir  J*>lm  Thompeon's  drath.  at  t 

4lows  on  Deo,  21.  and  soon  afterward  was 


!   !•'.  -.!.  •!  .  <  •'..    PHt]  Com  •'  . 

ll;    r.-tnui^.T.!,,,,,  r:»l.   Sir    A.    IV 
n;  Mini- 

>    nii.l    CnimU. 

nn:  Minister  of  ihi-  In- 

;ricMilturv.  I!    :      \    K. 
ister  of  Tradr  mi<l  • 

\      1C. 

>r-Oeoerai  lion.  J.  J.  C'urran; 
\\allarr: 
lnl.tn.l    tC.x,- 

cconlan.  .f  the 

nimrtil.  like  the 
.    an.! 
was  (Vmnenrat  i  vo   in    j-'liti«-s  that 

ng  a  majority  in  Parliament. 
fifth  susslon  of  the  seventh    ParltafMBl 


Woo 


Tho 


opened  at  Ottawa  on  March  18, 1805,  The  most 
»n.|..rtaiit  matters  mentioned  In  the  Governor 
General's  -speech  from  the  throne' 

foil. 


V         .....          .  ........ 

\  •'.•    '    "i:  •  •    ,-     •  '-     ,  '       "  .  '•'     '     .     '   '.   . 

•"•'""V;  "  :"'  •...'i-'-.l-'  ••    '.       ,•    '     •' 


f.voru 

i  which   has 

•   • •«   • 


•    •          •.,.--.. 
riv.'i  Bem  •  u»t»'ti.»  an  i .  \.  iw 

i . 


adelaysdoa  fro*,  the  ialatv 

«d  • 1th  them  the  terms  of  avion, 

Whan  the  address  in  reply  had  h**n 
andamondidanddfaraMd^ tho  a^ 

ciatory  on  theothav-H  was  carried  by  thai 
Conservative  majority.     Mr.  Foster  acted  as 
leader  of  the  House,  and  Mr.  BoweU  as  leader  of 

the  Senate 

Finance.-  Mr.  Foster.  Minister  of 

his  budget  speech  on  May  S. 
The  following  b  a  summary  : 

The  revenue,  as  estimated  fcr  IS**-**,  wm  £U*V 
000;  the  actual  rtvrnoe  w»  aj«jri^HL  Yhe^dV 
ewe»B  wa»  »prrad  over  the  «hob  IU  ol  defies  on  lav 

and  bullion,  were  lea*  than  m  the  nriMiflag  year  by 

• 


moval  of  the 


turr  »».  rtpUinwd  by  en  mcyaaw  of  flT>.- 
U>«  (More*  oa  the«sW;  the  revheoa  of  th« 


,         .•..:/-:•    -.•.•./'• 

tor!    The  seger  deibs  were  sgam  Mrmd  to.  sad 
the  met  was  slatod  that  at  the  old  rate  iiMMOl 


woatd  have  aurasd,  or 

.       •  • 


|*rtN 
The 


\|.\.    iM.MINlo.N    OP. 


,,.„....  rf  dgJi-t.0  b««  io  •«} 

SSSBSS52s5SSHS 
StS 


• 


:;.;  -...I,', 


«i  «*»r-   a  «     •  -  • 

-,   •  -..    Qth<  rario 

rVirUl  fSr.   Thb  w,,. 
k.    An  aiMtti"***1  ux    wan  to  be  tmpo 


revenue  and  ox- 
Uic 

,w  prod- 
on  tht-  x 

CfwJei  of  KiMd  aupr.    Thia  would  petal.]; 
ai^OQLDOO.    An  arMm****1   tax    wa»  to  be   imposed 
J^TSSlM^ril^ri^ng  perhaps  $800,000  Lore. 
A.hU^OMfbf  r*vcnoc7or  18»*-1»6  was  $85,000,- 

•Mart  uf  ••iiawdUiis  ftt.Ttmmm  ttnr  -   ii  • 

•  -.    .   .  x  .--,,:•..-  of  14,600, 

no  had  made  a  rigorou*  reduction  in  depart m-  ntal 
•naMH.  and  had  deckled  to  aak  for  no  new  railway 

I'.di Ural.— The  central  siibje.    ..f  discussion 
in  Parliament  ami  the  country  during  the  ses- 
the  Manitoba  school  question.     The 


d  Committee  of  the  Impe- 
rial Pr  d  left  an  opening  for  Dominion 
•',  the  act  oFl890  by  which  the 
Legislature  had  abolished  separate 
On  the  plea  that  the  minority  in  that 
i'X»  had  been  unjustly  treated,  the  French- 
laaadian  memU  r>  of  Parliament,  and  their 
leader  1 '"minion  < iovi-nimeiit.  insisted 
upon  interrention.  while  a  strong  counter-agita- 
tion was  aroosed  in  0  « I  elsewhere.  A 
crisis  was  precipitated  in  the  Cabinet,  and  three 
•blisters  resigned.  Finally  harmony  was  re- 
stored by  the  issue  of  the  reme<lial  order  to 
Manitoba,  by  which  the  Federal  authorities 
practically  ordered  the  province  to  adjust  its 

'  alleged 
/.  The 
made  so 

at  to  legislate  in  this  direction,  should  Manitoba 
refuse  to  obey. 

June  5  a  motion  was  introduced  by 
Mr.  Davin  in  favor  of  woman  suffrage.  Mr. 
Laurier.  leader  of  the  LiU-ral  upp.,siti,,n.  moved 
an  amendment  referring  the  ouestion  to  the 
provinces,  but  thin  was  defeated  by  54  majority. 
«»n  the  original  motion  47  votes  were  given  in 
favor  and  105  against  All  the  Liberal  leaders 
voted  against  it,  while  21  of  their  supporters 
voted  f<>r  it.  a-  -erratives.  This  was 

the  first  occasion  on  which  the  opinion   of  the 
Canadian   Parliament  bad  been   taken  on   the 


cc 

educational  system  so  as  to  restore  the 
right*  of  the  Roman  (  aih..li<>  minority. 
aotmwl    rombe  of  a  «ixth  session  was  m 


TlM  mm  of  $25.000  was  voted  to  the  widow 

and   family  ..f   th-   late    !  tie  leading 

roemben  of  both  parties  »n(  :  ,«•  pro- 

posal.   The  national  fund  f-.r  the  name  purpose 
already  amounted  to  $87,000.     An  unpleasant 

.•    .  .  . 


gam  expenM  of  the  state  funeral  that  had 
been  given  t«  thr  latr    i  vhjrh  were 

found  to  have  reached  $25.000.  and  a  cot 
able  amount  wa<  ultimately  pruned  from  the 
items  a«  MI  bmi 

The   treaty   with    Franc**   finally  came   into 
operation  on  Oct,   14,  1805.      Under  this  ar- 


rangement   'Jl    articles   will    ho   admitted    into 
minimum    duly,    and     l-'ivnch 
-  are  admitted  int..  Canada  al 

•  l.y-«-lccli<>n>  in  April  reunited   in  a  -ain 
of  8  seats  for  tin-  I.  \  •  "iif.  rmce  was 

held    at    Ottawa    duritiLT    the    ses>ion     I- 
delegates   fr<>m    the   <  anadian    and    NVuf,. mid- 
land  pivrrnment-.  with  a   view   in  tin-    Maud's 
admis>i«n  into  ci>nfrdcratii>n.    Hut  tin- financial 
demai  A  i', midland  were  greater   than 

the    Dominion   authorities  cared   to  accede  to, 
and   t'  ;..n-  fell   through,     rarliami'iit 

was  pror..UMi(-d  on  .lu 

Legislation.  The'  ,-hief  l.-^i-lali..n  of  the 
session  was  in  modifying  the  civil- 
hit  i'-ns.  ini|irovin^  the  administration  of  crim- 
inal law,  advancing  ei.mmercr.  and  extending 
telegraph  and  railway  communications.  The 
principal  bills  passed  were  as  follow : 

i  ml  the  in-uraii' 
To  amend   tin-  uct  t«>  eneoiu.. 

the  sea  flaheries  an«l  tin-  huil<liriL'  «t'ti>hiiii;  veHnela. 

Mcorporate    the  ontm 
Company. 

:,<  ixl  ill.-  IK  t  t<>  readjust  the  rcprcMentati<>n  in 

,-e  <.t'  «'..!lilli"lls. 

Toatiien.l  the  In. linn  act 

To  amend  the  Dominion  lands  act. 

To  amend  the  civil  .>.erviee 

i  -tiinr  .•"iiimen-ial  tn-atii-s  atleeting  Canada, 

To  amen. 1  the  e<.j.\  ri.'ht  :iet. 

T<.  ine«»rj«>rat«-  the  .hi  luav  ('oinpany. 

T»  iii.--.rjx.rate  the    Limlsuy,'  Ilalil»urt<'ii  ah 
tawa  Railway  Ci'in|>aliy. 

T«>   ineorporaU;  the   Dominion   Atlantic    Hallway 
Company, 

To  re  vine  and  am«-n«l  the  a  Dg  the  Lake 

Manitoba  Railway  ami  Canal  Cntiii 

To  incorporate  the  Trans-Canadian  Railway  Com- 
pany. 

To  encourage  nil ver-lead  snu-ltintr. 

To  amend  the  cuatoniM  tarit! 

Respecting  the  bounty  <.n  I ...  t  root  sugar. 

Railways. — The  number  of  miles  of  com- 
pleted railway  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  y. 
was  15,768,  an  increase  of  448  miles,     of  these, 
all  but  141  miles  were  in  operation,  and  all  bnt 
400  miles  were  laid  with  steel  raiN.     The  paid- 
up  capital  amounted  to  $887,975,090, an  increase 
of  $15,818,545,  the  gross  earnii 
528,  and  the  working  expense- 
The  net  earnings  for  the  year  wen    therefore 
1,095,  a  net  decrease  of  $1,092,260.     Al- 
though the  gross  earnings  and  expenses  were 
less  than   in    1^.»:{.  the  j.asv,.n^er  tramV  - 
an  improvement,  the  number  carried  i»j 
462.498.  or  an  increase  of  844,471.     The  fni-ht 
traffic  fell  off  by  1.2*2.483  t..ns.  the  total  <imin- 
tity  carried  being  -JM.T-jl.lir,  t,,ns.    Twelve  pas- 

rs  were  accidentally  killed  durin.u'  ih- 
The    Intercolonial,  the  chief  (Jnvernment  Vail- 
way,  again  showed   a   -urplu-.      It-earnii, 
the  year  amonnU'd  to  $2.987^10,  and  its  uork- 

>:'.<-:. <\1\.    The  tot.-i 
enunent  extH-nditure  on  this  road  has  l>een  $54,- 

The   Canadian    Par-ifir-   Railway  at    the 
r-f  tlie  fiscal  year  had   nnd.-r  trAn'u-  in  Canada 
6,094  miles,  against  5.:  in  !*!»:',.  and   its 

gross  earnings  were  $19,:;  ainst  $20,- 

795^04  in  the  prevj.  Itsworkin. 

penses  were  $12.447.808  leaving  as  net  ear 
$6,909^90.    These  figures  do  not  apply  to  its 


ADA,  DOMINION  OP. 


i  : 


American  branch  HIM*,  Mich  *•  tboce  of  Duluth 

iineapolia.     TOM  *r  «.f    IK 

|*,rt«ni  •  hftiigeawer*  ii:a.l<-  in  th«-  'Management 
I  Trunk  I 


becoming  preeidant  in  •iipoamion 

4la.-The  St.  Uwrenee  and  other 

haf<-.»f  Ih.          i. try,  ii.-f-.n-  an.l  MIL  .- 

pair*.  an«l  maintenance  of  $74JttlJ00L     Of  thr 

Imi*. 
i.WI.       The 

tranV  through  this  tyetem,  in  n 
•rat  Lako*  with  the  eea 


in    lHOa,M 


i'*:vi 


TV  total  number  of  paejengen  carried  wai 

• 
there  wae  a  decrwuw  of  8*>  in  the  numb*  of 


Canadian  fianlt.  and  an  incrcaw  of  rt.*,;  in  the 

•  »bai  i '  UMMP >     h,  b  n  r-  •  :• 

for  1*4  WOT  H81M.  and  the  rxi.rrxli.urr  V» 


nmintmanra.  rr|*jm.  etcu.  wap  $6^1.539.    The 

an  half  ..f 

..f   thr    S., 

Marie  <«,„.!. ,  -nnecling  I^ke»  I 

rior,  at  an  expenditure  of  $3.791,878,  gave  the 

final  link  i..  the  Canadian  t]nrtem. 

Trade  and   rommerre.— The  import*  and 
•iporu  for  a  four-year  period  were  as  follow : 


ststs 


m 


I»ll 

fromGrrat 

- 
Britain 


the  im|N»rt« 

..i  boa 


r   varied   fluctuations 
unen .11*  tariff  change*,   the   total   traile 
with  !»..-.  Ties  ftands  almost  exactly 

Where  it  .li.l   in  1*73.  although  the  toul  trade 

traile  tlurinu'   I  he  fl-  deluded  an 

f  *4.40*\368,a  de- 

an  in- 

of  $191968, 

.  :i.l land  of  9888.- 
>rk  of  1 1  !ie  t«»tal  net 

tlea.— The  receipts  from  cu»- 

n-  $H».li»*.000.  a 
'tH).  Imt  an  increase  fnun  the 
.-n  Mr    Macken- 

Hhtain 


of  the  Dominion  on  June 

i  f94ft.18l089.an  Inerene.  of  $18*88,- 
•II4J893IO  brtwe^JT"^  ViLl  iw7.  when  tlM 

lai.a'lmi.  I 'a.  Hi.    KalUay    waa  being  built  and 

Bank  Ing  and  Bag  In  earn.— Thedapoato  in  the 
re-  coat  oOoeand  other  Oovernment  M^II.^  Unk« 
the  during  the  year  were  $8ft*M90.  an 
pe-  $Um\108.  Thoae  in  the  loan  ti.mi« 


•'  $12.78939* 

945.S45;  fn»m  t! 

$4.858,671    in    l->.  *  The 


i.admwa*. 
The  total  loam  on  real  ejtale  in  theee  latter  in- 

M  were  $HOj»!4MO.  <> 
mortgngat  ajnonnted  to  $f,7tfl,<Hfl.    The  de» 
poeiu  in  the  ehartend  banlu  on  July  SI.  IftM. 

>^3.46S.  eomparrd  with  a>. 
«  •?*..»  .::  ufi      li.    •    •-.  , 
• 


l«i.l  up,  $«MNM71  :  the  total  6V 
pc«il»  (including  Federal  and  prorindal  gor. 
eminent...  *i-i.  743*10;  the  dbmnla,  $«M.. 
1KM9;  the  total  liabilities.  $<tl.008.7M:  the 

Md  .....  •-.  mnmm  K  *  ••••    •  •• 

!!,    vaej  ;n  bMtoaej  pen   :  -M    ..• 


eetimated  at  $l?.«>7jMl 


-Tneprodnetionor 
1894  wae  value.1  at  $800. 
iRmore.$99Mll:MT$U 

natural  pm.  $313.: 
prrite*.  $121^81 ;  emit,  $lfdJ87;  brick*.  $ljnO.. 
M..I-M..,.  ,.,,,rnt.  $140.. 
699;  rran.te,  $109^86.  With  eondnr  eeUmatad 
quantities,  the  total  value  waa  $90,9010000.  com- 

$13.500.000  in  1888. 

PUhrrlm  and  Marine-There  were  70.719 
men  engaged  in  the  Canadian  fbheriea  during 
1894;  $196.794  wae  paid  by  the  Gorernn 


•i.t;  the  total  production  or .  at.  i.  «M $«V- 


719^78;  the  expon  amoui 
and  employment  wa*  gifrt 
Urof  Teeeeft 


numU-r  ..f  TteeiU  built  and 
with  a  tonnage  of  21.34:1 
u^atavalueof 
entered  and  clrared  at 

.i>  f   D    •* 


n 


The 


tonnage  of  the 
inlan. I  waters  between 


in  the 

rnited 


anadian  porte)  wnt  9.O7S^43  tone,  and 
that  of  thenaiihi  employed  to  the  conking 

of 


• 

^ 


in  IXMwa* 

IJH&JSOQ:  the  total 

--t  card*.  23^95.000; 
*      ,,.:.   I.T          ,-•..-•       -..;:: 
H6I.    One  hundml  and  eightynKTcn  new  office* 
were  opened,  an.l  the  twee**  wae  $4.734,418 
'  anaipenditureof^ 

1894  there  were  85  fire- 


LOG 


-  M>.\. 


OF. 


British.  «>d  8  American.  Theprrtmums 


in  ihr  latter  •mount  of  $  l< 
according  to  nationality.  i*  -diown 


i    -  -   1     .  .  I.'- 


IhmnglNW  1*  Canadian  ltf.-in»iimnci (Com. 
,  tcTl  a  bosinesi  of  $3h 

•A   tt*l4.-'irt:    i"    *«« 

|sm,fi:.'..  .-amount  in  force  is 

respectively  *i:  A,  I  - 

70i-<i  l«iul  of  $308.161.436.  The  asset*  of  the 
Canadian  companies  were  $32.4H.s7:t:  their 
liabilities,  $S?50M4T  MCOIII.-.  $7,295,- 

609:  their  expenditure^  $4.225. 

x.,,  i.,l  xtuiMir*.  \  ording  t,,  the  1M-. 
prv-pared  hi  accordance  with  the  Kleetoral  l-'ran- 
chise  act,  there  were  in  1805  1.353.735  voter-  in 
Canada  for  Dominion  purj>oscs.  compared  with 
1.ISM01  in  1891.  and  903.914  in  IKS?.  Then 
were  18  asylums  f.  -r  t  ill  Mpported  by 

the  Government,  and  maintaining  at  the  end  of 
1896  1918  males  and  4,597  f  The  convic- 

tions for  drunkenness  in  1890  were  14,045;  in 
1891.  1&997.  in  1*X>.  11.415:  in  1893.  11.651:  it. 
1894.  11,558— *  steady  reduction.  The  number 
..f  d  i  forces  granted  by  1'arlinmcnt  in  1W4  were 
6.  and  in  the  8  provinces  which  retained  that 
privilege  on  entering  the  confederation  :i.  Al- 
together Sll  divorces  have  been  civen  in  the 
*inoe  1868.  of  win*  from 

I'arliainetit  and  1"»7  by  the  provincial  courts  re- 
ferred to.  The  newspapers  at  the  end  of  \w, 
numbered  919— 66  in  i  . 'in  (icrman.  and 

1  in  (ia/dic.  1  m  S.  Andinavian.  and  1  in  Ice- 
landic. The  number  of  com  ids  jn  the  j»eniten- 
tiarics  was  439.  of  whom  only  11  were  women. 

Liquor  T  raffle.  —  A  roval  -  n  was 

appointed  on  March  14.  1892,  with  Sir  Joseph 
lltckson  as  chairman,  to  investigate  and  rej...rt 
upon  thi«  traffic  and  the  various  measures  sug- 
gested for iU control  i-  hdd  i::n 
pohlic  sittings,  and  heard  l.i::1.'  «i' nesses,  whose 
testimony  filled  4,988  pages.  A  report  was  pro- 
efnted  on  March  29. 1895.  after  the  .,llm 
havl  vbtted  all  the  Provinces  and  many  of  the 
,•  States,  The  report,  with  one  dis- 

1.  That  the  buying  and  ^llin_ 
mn  hanllr  be  said  of  it-^-lf  t..  pp-luce  injurious 
c-ffertA.    Such  evils  as  do  arise  flow  fr«.m  mi-u-M. 
of  the  article  b. 

1  That   legislation  aiming  at  restrict  i 

•  trr»de  m.oroontumptionofjirjuor. 
if  it  is  to  be  at  all  e(Te<  t i\e.  must  h«\ 
and  continued  rapport  of  a  very  lar^e  maj<.rity 
of  the  community  in  whieh  it  i  .reed. 

N  >where,  so  far  a*  the  commission  has  been 
tory  laws  had  the 

pftVrt  of  stopping  the  use  of  ale.  ,v  ,;„  \^lnn  as 
a  beverage.  The  commissioners  do  not  believe 
the  social  condition  of  the  people  of  the  Iv.min- 
ion  would  U»  improved  by  the  enactment  of  * 
general  prohibitory  law. 

4.  It  would  adversely  affect  the  agricultural 


interest  -  .-f  tin-  country,  ami  would  can- 

B   "f   it-  industrial,  comnn-r.  lal. 
and  titiiincial  affair-.     The  -\>li-in  of  licmsw  ami 
i- ion  i-.  UJHIII  the  whole,  best. 

jiii—ion   al>o    makt-.s   certain    r. 
mendationSf  among  which  §TB:  A  homini.  • 

'   all  man  --ll.-rs  ..f  liquor 

and  a  Dominion  fee  and  certificate;  the  . -t.il.- 

li-him>nt  of  a  place  for  n-.-l  raining  and   ti-eatm^ 

drunkards  :  the  uholitiou  of  -.a  loon  liren-cs  :  t  he 

'it  <>f  adulteration :  the  imposition  of  high 

with  thorough  rnforccment  :  making  the 
illegal   purcha-i-r  r.jually  guilty  with  the   ; 
\i-ndor;    the  tniinin<;  <'f  tl"1  femal. 
the  population  in  a  kii'>ule<l^i-  of  domestic  econ- 
omy and  household  duties 

<  npyrlgllt.— A  copyright  in  Canada  may  lu- 
red 1-y  any  per--n  iLunicilrd  in  the  coun- 
try or  in  any  part  of  the  Hriii-h  po>»es-i 
"any  citi/en  of  any  country  that  has  an  inter- 
national copyright  treaty  With  the  I'nited  Kiiiur- 
dom."  I'.y  the  interpretation  of  the  l»epartment 
of  Justice.'  thi>  latter  clause  is  held  to  exclude 
the  United  >;  &  i,  1,'eprintsnf  Mriti-h  «-i»p- 
works  not  copyrighted  in  Canada  are  admitted 
by  the  terms  of  the  Canadian  and  imperial  laws, 
nnd  large  numbers  of  such  reprint-  are  in 
qiience  imported  from  the  I'nited  States.  Partly 
on  this  account,  an  net  was  passed  in  1889  by 
Canada  containing  a  provision  that  if  a  linti-di 
author  does  not  register  his  work  in  Canada 
within  one  month  of  publication  in  the  country 
of  origin,  any  printer  in  the  Dominion  may  ob- 
tain a  license  to  reproduce  it  on  payment  of  10 
per  cent,  royalty  to  the  author.  The  act  ha--  not 
been  assented  to  by  the  imperial  authorities  be- 
of  this  and  other  provisions. 

Tin-  long  dispute  over  the  Canadian  Copyright 
a«-t  of  1889  has  been  settled,  to  all  ap; 
least.  Mr.  Hall  Caine  spent  some  time  in  Can- 
ada, and  after  many  negotiations  with  local  i»ul>- 
li-hers  and  the  Canadian  ministers,  in  behalf  of 
the  Knglish  authors  who  had  objected  su< •< •<  — 
fully  to  the  imperial  sanction  of  that  act.  etTect- 
ed  a  compromise.  What  t  hat  arrangement  i«-an 
not  be  better  described  than  in  his  own  words  : 

There  will   be  nn   amended    net.  t«>   lie  called    the 
Copyright  act  of  1896.     At   the  (••.ntVn-nce  with   the 
Minister*  of  .lustier  jiiid  Agrioultore,  which   i. 
league,  Mr.  Duldy,  ami  myself,  together  witli  • 
nadian  Copyright  Association  and  ranndian  ]'uKli.--h- 
6HL  Were  permitted  to  hold  in  Ottawa,  a  draft  measure, 
which  forum  un  agreement  U-tweeii  m\>elf  a*  tliedd 
egate  of  KriLflish  authors  and  the  interested  parties  in 

i.  WJLH   Hiibmitteii  and  reoommflnded    t-t  the 

uiini-ters;  and  w<  IM.JM- that   it 

will   \H-  n-t'iirded    »s    the  probable  general    t  ; 
Miimr  l«-irislati'.ii.     Fiy  • 

within  which  » oopyrightholder can  |»uhli.»h 
adu  an  an  ul.solute  cojiyriL'ht   i-  extended 

fp'in  thirtv  to  sixty  days,  with  u  |>os.Hi! 
of  thirtv  daya  mon-  at  the  discretion  of  the  authori- 
ties. Also,  by  this  agreement  the  liei  /ranu-d 
••I  a  hook  that  has  not  fulHIh-d  the 
eondit                         ii;in  coiiyrifht  law  i*  limited  t"»,ne 

.  and  tlii*  Hinulc-  license  i-  only  • 

with    the   eoj»yriifhtholdc»rV   ktio\\  ':'-tion. 

Further,  tin-  copyrightholder,  who  han  an  independ- 

'iiiLr  eopyriirlit  for  himself  within  a 

-••••ond  cliancc 

of  nocurintr  it  after  it  has  been  challenged,  and  before 
it  can  be  d'j*fK»i«c<l  of  J,y  lier-n.se.  This  i~  the  irround 
of  the  draft  hill,  which  the  Canadian  <  '"p.\  rL'ht  Asso- 
ciation has  joined  with  me  in  recommending. 


•K  COLONY    AM» 


ATI. 


1'  I 


•fetttaV— M onnmenU  were  unveiled  at  Lun- 

,-u.o    I,.   • 
ilKawuatll. 

«iald.  the 

rat  ion,  were  unveikcd 
nuwa.    Major* 
•  !.,  ,  mmm  1 1 '.  UN 


Qajooknww..    M  , 

Canadian  n 

i  \l'r  «HOM 

Hid.   I-  l.d- •!»'   '  '      •      . 

LxMireneo  Mwr-nn » 

ornnKT  rivrrv      |l«-t  *••••!» 

/ami***  are  the  ltnti*h  protectorate*  of  Bech- 

uanaland  ami   llnti-di  .s.,uih    \fn.  «,  .-  . 

Theauuihrrii 


d  I" 

M.   KOI  MI    M  i:n  v 

.fNalal  A.  Hi  thr 


**iu».nou*,  an 


region,  generally   fertile. 

.  ,,;,,r,.,       I,:, 


half    -  ..•-•   Km*    Afrira    laU,    uj, 

ooaet  regi«.r  **t,  and  in  the  vert  the 


undevelopad  German  protectorate*  of  Na- 

ind  and  Uamaraland  extend  from  the  Or* 

rifl  :   ••    •:.-    -     .-:..  rn  ,  .  aj| f  fcfc    I'-  lt»> 

colony  of  Angola. 

-  Lagialative  Council,  of 

.-.•::..::. I-  '.'•••  i     fOf  Wfl  ',    MM    :-    [   R  nVM 

over  by  th 

•rrobly  ha*  76  member*,  elected  from  urban  and 
rural  dbtrictn  for  five  year*.     Any  male  . 
ha*  a  vote  who  occupies  honea  proiwtty  «..rth 
r  receive*  a  amlary  of  J  t  i»  able  to 

rajriat* :  ing  hie  name,  occupation,  and 

add  ream,    There  were  91,877  voter*  in  1894. 

W5wa* 

His  term  expired  in  1896,aiMlS 

Hi.    name  ofll.  ^HO  to 

1889,  wa*  a|.|«-mt.-d  hi*  moceaenr.  The  new 
Qoremor arrived  ....  M.,v  :;••  -  •  H.-rooiai  Bob- 
ineon,  at  a  representative  of  the  idea  of  impe- 
rialbm  M  a  means  of  colonial  expaaaion,  wa* 
k  more  harmoniotudy  with  Mr. 

in  in  iiwioner  of  South 

••il  Khitlr-:  Colonial 
Secretary.  P.  II 


btto   Work*,  Mm 

ilture,  John  Froat. 
colony  contain^ 


•*h..m  176,987  an- of  Bnropaeji 
rxtrartion  and   l.l-^U'.tT  ai»  iiattve* or  oolorad. 

-  had 

88,718  inhnLitant*.    There  were  6JB89  marriagea 
f   adult    pcrenn*  who 
landed  in  1894  wa*  15.017.  and  the  nun 

.1*  are  •up- 
ported  by  Go  vrr  duration  i* 
-TV.  and  98  par  cent,  of  the  Euro- 
pean population  •  HII  t 

F  i  n  anoea*  —  T I 
June 

i1*,  C*flftJW&  from  the  colonial  r*t*t «\ 
£0.655  fn>in   rtiw-s  "t.-n*,  «t.  .  mid    tI.474.W5 


debt,  £1.474.163  for  railroad*.  £14*187  for  de- 

hmm  !•.••>.  :i-  f  t  |  .      ....  -   ii  .:    ;;  '  : 

the  dril  eatabliahment,  u 
panded  under  loan  * 

Thr    rt- \rllljr   f.   f 

•r..    Hmej   ..•    -. 


nor  «T 


'   •         ^.  .     .    -        .      •• 

proflt  on  the  Government  railroad*,  after  the 
f  net  earning*  wa*  5-SI  par  cenl^  the  high- 

n  of  a«lditional 

railroad*,  which  will  coat  the  colony  a  further 
t.;.;.",u  r. 

The  public  debt  on  J*n.  1.  I'^M.  aii...unt«i  to 
£26,798,87*.  nearly  a  «a*  laid 

railroad*  and  other  remuneratire  inve*tmenta. 

1894,  there  were  41.041.0t5  acne  remiming  of 


AM  !  ri  .     awdi   Ml IN  Mm     HPJM   ••••• 

neiue  alienated  i»i  M*i  L^M     In  t  k*  MAT  |M0_ 
W  the  crop  of  wheat  wa*  MMUBJ8  I  ill  ill;  of 
of  wine.  C1304J 

f  nfi  --•.'"•' 


tok 


made,  and 


fn>in  l.^n.v     The  total  exprnditurr  •.» 

^^.  of  vhka  ti.-ji. :.-:,ij  u,r-    lor  Hi    pi 


I..UIMN:  ^mA^ymjmpomA^  -f  .*tn.h 

ahaapte  thaeolonT.and  ."..ftiTJii  A. 
rnberofoetnchr 

• '  i  ;         It,     i  •  .  •    '   i  •       - .      •    •     •  •  - 

£10.760.556  in  value,  and  the  export*  of  colonial 

mond*  exported  wa*  ia.nii.448:  wool.  £U886, 

M;.;:   A.iw-.r.-.  ponl    ha  v  I.VJT  '-'•.;.;"  •  • 

par om  i-:«''-j.:':i«-.     Tht  '•  •  •«§   f  mi  •  Ml 

dni 

Na»katlon.-During   1898    there  were  770 

Tcawl*  in  th.   foreign  tratlr.  of  I.6OS.S43  tona. 

entered,  m  W.OOJ   tone.  ekmd. 

•nnage  wae  Bfitleh.    The 

nn.ru  tiling  ve*»eK  of  U mSnx 

Cemnninlr.tlon*,— All  the  railroad*,  exaamt 
188  mile*,  belong  to  the  Govrrnmenl.  There 
were  in  1*94  a  total  length  of  Utt  mile*,  all 

d  within  thirtv  year*.  Thecapita 
...--...  •*.»:•...» 

Th.    receinu  were  ff^MtjUt  in  1891,  am 

rlph*.  which  haw  been  « 

>     The  number  of 
initt^l  in  1HIA  «a*  1.5SK.7tl 

•**v  !»«•  w*paper*.  4]  1 4JDOD  portal  card*.  1  < 

«d  *ample*.  and  »7.448 

l^eUlatlea.— The  Honat  of  A** 

it.  attention  chiefly  to  protective  tariff  miaenrta 

railraada  in  the  Marion  of 

*  •'•        \   •  •  *     >,  .'  \    i.    '    :  r    \     :•:''•    :  '  • 

torn*  convention  betwren  the  colonial  and  atatat 
could  not  he  impoaed.  but  dutiee  were  proponed 
which  thould  be  the  *ubject  of  negotiatiomi  hi 
t  he  conferrace  that  wa*  held  after  the  < 

•i  •'..<  l*Um* :..    r  r  OH 


no 


CAPK  COLONY  AND  SOl'TIl    AFRICA. 


of  the  fanner*,  who  were  alarmed  at  the  arrival* 
of  fn./m  in.-*!  from  Au*tnJia,  it  was  decided  to 
claMif r  this  article  as  preserved  meat,  thus  rais- 
I  per  cert.**?  sabre* 
ug  people  held  meet  1 1 

protMt  against  tht<  changr,  whi.-h  «,  .,t    into 
and  al—  agninM   t 
and    Hour,  which   the  <i 

^,.  null  higher.    They  de- 
|   tnv  '-read    ami    meat 

dearer  than  in  any  other  Briti-h  colony,  and  de- 
riradauxpUc,  :>•  instead.  The  policy 

of  admitting  free  the  raw  materials  of  colonial 
manufacturer*  was  approved  by  the  Assembly. 

,  .      .      :  VM  on  bo  ova* 

rent  the  importatioa  of  pirated  book»  and  mu- 
sic, A  leprosy  commission  reported  that  the 
.h-^*  was  on  the  increase,  and  noonmeiidM 

;|«l  railway  projects  are  a  line  from 
Moasel  Bay  to  the  Graaf  K.-yn.-t  road,  and  one 
from  Somerset  east  to  King  WilliamstowiL  both 

to  he  hut  it  with  aCJovernm.-nt  sUUj,ly<,f  J 

rmnent  having  the  right  to  take 
the  railnuwlx  after  twelve  v.-ars  and  also  a  line 
from  (iraaf  K«-yn*-t  to  the  Middelburg  railroad, 
whi.'h  will  »>e  Uiill  by  the  (Jo\ eminent. 

Pondoland  has  been  d.-tinit.-ly  annex. 
Cape  Colony.  Sigcau.  one  of  t  he  chiefs,  who  re- 
sisted the  registration  of  huts  for  the  purpose  of 
the  hut  tax.  after  first  giving  his  consent  t<>  tin- 
annexation,  gare  himself  up  in  June  and  was 
•  at  Kok-lal  for  trial.  \Vhitemei,  had 
for  miniugand  railroads  in 


These  wen-  disallowed  by  tli 
preroe Court, on  the  ground  that  there  was  no 
court  of  Uw  in  INm-i  I  therefore  they 

ha<!  no  enforce.!  -n. 

Annexation  of  Hritinh  Berhnanaland.— 
The  Cr  i«rn  Colony  ..fllriti-.li  BiH-hnanaland  is 
the  t«  ,Me  between  the 

:iv  and  the  Transvaal  and 
•Standing  as  far  north  as  the   Molopo  river. 
The  area  U  71,000  square  miles,  with  a  popula- 
tion in   1801  of  90.:i7»l.   <f   « 
whites.    The  natives  are  a  sedentary  azrieultnr- 
aJ  people,  who  grow  corn  and  tohac< 
cattle.    Gold,  lead,  silver,  and  iron  are  found. 
The  colonr  is  gorerned  by  an  AdminiMrator.  re- 

I  l,y  Tran- 

VM!  (ioera,  who  organized  a  republic  hen-,  \vhx-h 
was  afterward  srixe-l  and  annexed  to  th«-  hriti-h 
Rmpire  at  the  time  when  the  re«t  of  !;,,•!,,]. 
aoaland.ef  B  .lihari  I>. 

tO*  of  east  longitude,  the  conrent  iotml  boundary 
of  German  Southwest  Africa,  and  northward  ti. 
ft*  ofsouthUtitudo.  wwi 
tectorate,  Sept.  80.  1888.    Thin  was  the  i»«.ili  of 
Sir  Charles  Warren's  exp. 
ing  to  place  the  northern   trade  route  under 
British  protection  and  pr  fr..m 

extending  her  possessions  t"  t  •  d  and 

cutting  off  Cape  Colony  from  the  //in/crkmd 
that  wM«ftcrwanloociipi«Hl  bythe  Ilri?:-h  S.uth 
Africa  Co-npuny.     The  area  of  the  proU* 
i*  about  1 00.000  *n,uanr>  mile*.     In  INIirithe  juri.*- 
dictk»r  rof  Mrifish  iWhuanaland 

was  exten-i  the  protectorate  and  over 

British  S.uth   Africa,  .-xcludii 

1  rorenmr  ha-*  supreme  iuri*<lifti..n   in  all 
<  ivil  and  criminal  casea.  as  the  finances  of  the 


do  not  admit  <-f  an  independent  adminis- 

.  ..f  i he  law.     Th«-  administrative  -\-tem 

of  the    Crown   colony    i-    a    maUi-hil!    adopted 

|H-ndin^  its  ultimate  inr.>r|>"iu!  i»n  in  Oaj 

uiiy.  re    I"  'ii    made    to    de\i-l<»p 

itural  nsniirces  of  th.-  r,.nnlry.     'I 
of   |j,r   administration   t..   the    I'.rili-h    taxpayer 

.  n  kept  down  i 

\vhi<-h  is  all  that  theeo]on\  ha-  had  «-iii  -•!    ti..- 
annual  i:rant    in  aid  voti-d  by  the  impt-rial  Par- 

t  f.n-  Beohuanaland, amounting  to  IIIKI.- 

.id-  or  other  |'iibli<-  \\ork 
<-on>.t  rin  d-d.  and  education   has  been  <|iiite  neg- 

••UUe    of  (In-   <  'l"\\li   , 

derived   ehiclly   from  a  native  hut   tax  of  10«., 

w  rafM  «::.M.(  ii  MI  a  fear, 

When  British  Beohaanaland  \\.-i-  iir-t  annexed 
it  was  propo-nl   t"  annex   it   t<»  the   Cap 

.ition.  to  that  end  wen-  carried  <>n  b\  Sir 
HiTcul.--  |{oliin-on.  t  hi  n  ( io\.-riior  of  <  'a|»e  Col- 
ony, who  a-  llixrh  CiMiinii-si,,!  ,.,1  the 
conditions  pr.  po-rd  by  th.-Capc  ministry.  \Vli«-n 
afterward,  in  l^ss;,  tin-  <  •inncni  was 
i  in  i  anxious  tr»  t.-ikc  o\cr  the  territory,  t  In- 
Brituh  imp'-riulist  elemnit  opposed  it  in  the 
belief  thai  the  colonial  (iovernn  lent  was  s(,  much 
under  the  domination  of  the  Dutch  that  it 
would  neglect  the  duty  of  preventing  lilibn-icr- 
ini:  by  Transvaal  Boer<  and  the  free  sale  of 
Cap.-  brandy  to  I  he  native  population.  The  Im- 
perial (iovcrnment  t  here  fore  decided  to  continue 
the  tirovisional  administ  ration  till  the  lime  ar- 
rived wlu-n  pppvlar Sentiment  favored  the  trans- 
fer. In  is»5  all  parties  at  the  Cap.-  \\.-ie  de- 
sirous of  the  annexation,  and  accordingly  a  bill 
was  brought  in  bytaeOoreroment,  which  passed 
the  lion-.-  ..f  Assembly  on  .Inly  :{].  In  this  bill 
were  emlH)died  the  cojulitions  imposed  by  the 
British  (Jc.vernnient  relative  to  the  transfer  "f 
land  titles,  the  >alr  of  li,|iior.  and  jurisdiction 
over  the  nati\e<.  to  which  tin- opposition  strong- 
ly objected.  In  the  Crown  colony  itself  the  na- 
tive chi.-fs.  MonNioa.  Molala.  ami  Mankan.ane. 
as  well  as  the  majority  of  the  white  people  of 
Vrybnru'.  prole-ted  airain-'  annexation.  The 
opposition  in  the  Cape  Parliament  BOS] 
that  a  part  of  tin-  aoheUM  was  t..  hand  over  the 
n-st  of  Ucchnanaland  to  1  lie  South  Africa  Coin- 
Mr.  Saner  moved  a  resolution  to  theejTect 
that  the  status  of  the  proteetorate  be  not  altered 
without  the  consent  of  the  Ilou-i'.  It  transpired 
that  the  ImjM-rial  (iovcrnment  had  agreed  to  in- 
corporate in  the  territory  of  the  South  Africa 
Company  all  the  co tint ry  north  of  Maf eking,  as 
was  provided  in  the  charter. 

Natal.— The  new  el  '"1  by  th<   Brit- 

ish   (ioverniiH-nt    in  !ati\c 

authority  in  a  Legislative  Council  and  a 
lative     Assembly.     The     former    has    )1     niem- 

fjoi '  rnor 

with  the  advice  of  tin    minister-.     The  Assem- 
bly ha-  •'{?  memlH-rs.  elected    f..r   four   \. 
the  male  cjti/ons  who  are  f|iialified  by  owning 
real  estate  worth  f.Vi.  or  pavinir  L'lO  >t  year  lent, 
or  having  an  income  of  £96.    'I  of  the, 

i'.r  js  ref|iiire(|  ff»r  -  ive  act, 

Mid  this  assent    after   if    h..  .  «-n  may  b.r 

revoke«l  within  •  He  hnsaNo  the  right 

to  propose  legislation  bym  I  no  money 

bill  unless  •  -.t'f-d  by  him  can  }><•  passed 


in  the  same 


in  which  it  is  pn.j .<,-. -d. 


CAPE  COLONY  AND  SOUTH    A 


111 


The  Governor  to  Sir  William  Franc* 

•i-M. ii.  .%]•;  IM88.    Th«  HM 

ion,  to  composed  - 

A  iton»y. 

lalTrea..,- 


!.     MljNt        !       ' 

•  and 

lit     tio 

•iwa 

ifataai 


« •  • .      i ; 


i  '         :    . 


•>'347a.     In  ad- 
r'eipendit  ure  £88.444  was  nwnt 
There  was  a  balance  of  a»- 
Ubtttooi 

;      I    •  •  !.'        '        *    •» 

somewhat  the  debt  and  th<<  annual  in- 
tarast  charge.    A  practical  balance  to  kept  ba- 

•».•  |       .rr-  Bj   JB<     I  •     mA    I  Btl  Bt  tlpl  D  Hi   m 

i  i..   am  •  '  -  >s  ''i •'•  x»  •  '.  •  •   -•  •  •  •    -.  j  .1 
works  in  1898,  when  work  will  begin  on  a  rail- 
road |«rnll.  ling  the  coast  in  the  north. 
Commerce  and  Production.— Th«-  pn- 

t.-n-  w.-r.-  j-r.-li..  .--I  in  lv».t.      Th.    .  •.:•;-.  ,.•      n  ,.f 
tea   has   U  .•«•<!.  ami  >un<l* 

and  other  crops.    They  hare  860.070  an 
ropeans  hare  180,074  acres  uiul-  r  cultivation. 
It. .t  h  raise  sheep,  goats,  and  cattle.    Of  the  total 

nare  been  sold  on  time  |wt 

i-een  leased  for  grazing.  2.250.000  acres 
hare  tiren  reserve.  I  f,.r  the  nat ires,  and  1.000.. 
000  acres  remain  in  the  noasession  of  the  Gov- 

roial  value  of 

IM88.786:  t*  uports,  L14MHU69     « -f  tat    n 
ports,  £307^07  consisted  of  C'-M  <l»Kt  and  liar*. 

ilue.  nn*Mly 

of  |ir*«lii«-ti  of  thi*  oi|..iiv  aiii>iiiiil«-l 

1 

hair.  »...!-  an.l 

•iment     han 

m*d  at   a  *.  4.0811.- 

Itt.    A   line   has  been    ronstructetl    fn>m   \\\>- 


•llr  independent,  but  ek-Hr  allinl  «ith 

-  the  Irrri- 
«'&**.      All     UH-~ 

fonaed  |«r  .,11.41  and  owned  die. 

giance  to  (  hak«  .iul  hu  soc«Mor»  ..i  • 

Xulu  ««r.     It.  IHMI  ,|lc.y  offer**!  .ianra 


•!  to«»ume  any  r* 

irfl  thi-n   nii'l   afl<-r«ar«l  U..v 

influt  n.  < 

.  a.ll»rn 

iN.un.laries,   »|-  M   the   west ;    also  to 

make  no  treaty  «nhnii>  foreign  »tn 
trOwwitk    .•  •       .i  !••      .    •  •  •       i':         ••   • 
-ir  1!  ::.ibinsoa  propossd  at 

Itrittoh  oommVsaoner  and 
organise  a  native  police  on  the  saslrrn  border  of 
the  Transvaal,  but  the  lm|--n»]  (torenuaoat 


the  iransvaal.  but  trie  ifi.i--n»i  liovcvaaMM 
»hrank  from  the  responsibility   and  eipeosa. 

.inland  and  the 

fc— t  » 

I  ••'-'••      •MOfTi    •'    '• 


'. 
W? 


........... 

Swajd  question.  «hi<  h  «a«  finally 

territorial    rights   were   first   acquired  by  the 

vaal  Gorcrnm. 

toriaa.  aim  obi.f-    ."••  •-.•  .•  ••     I   Iftg  •••• 
Brittoh  authorities.  |.r 

Transvaal  Gorernment  rvcogniasd  that  no  pola> 

itdits  were  valid  without  the  approval  of 

the  British  Gorernment,  which  in  IW  refused 

to  gire  cotiM-nt  to  niiiiriatn*n.and  again  in  1888, 

.t  the 

•i  Government  could  not  sanction  the  ae- 
on of  these  territortos  by  the  Transvaal. 
for  the  roason  that  it  would  thereby  be  prs- 
1  from  exercining  an  effective  control  ovar 
the  future  settlement  of  the  Swaziland  issue; 
there  was  also  question  as  to  whether  taesa 
.illy  Mibjert  to  the  rulers 
iluland.or  |vrhaps  Amalonga- 
land.     It  wa»  flnsllv  M4>cedrd  that  they  wwffvHs- 
rtK'hts  »  »idual 

therefor*  rrcognunl  as  valid.    The 
:  aiiM  aal  f«r  acma  to 
the  sea  was  acknowledged;  caanqucntly  the 


iitioii  made  l.» 

specifically  rNvgnii  *t  the 

£88(781.     Trai»%a«l    li..%.-n.i..nit     ha.1    ar,,uirrd    to_coa- 


ans- 
nnes- 

larn- 


-      .1' 

v  MM 

smith,  in  the  Orange  Free  State. 

Vnm -\.iiion  <>f   |  .horn ho  and  Tonraland. 
i  M.I    an.!  mho  range 

for  inn 


.»  ra>lr.«.l   thltmch  I 
In  tl,    , .  r  x.  ,.•!.  n   made  in   1-5*4  thto  and  the 

A  ...     •  ;      •      '     •     f    •      •  :      •-•:•.••«.-. 

not  mentioned.    The  Raglbh  hare  rince  argued 

they  were 


ion 


that  all  thaw  rights  were  void 
reaffirmed   in  the  *uhatqne 
thNt  nventioi 

limtt«tton  m  1«94.  and  the 

««v  «nd  Unl.l  •  railroad  taroaga 
bombo  aad  Toagaland  to  the  m  lapsed  by  aoa- 
UMT.    The  Boers  suppoivd  thai  after  IhaffcftMi 

ig  the  bnundanr  of  T«»npiUnd  i*  n  «tni«  -f    qnesflion  was  sHtled  in  the  way  for  which  they 

The    had  contended,  the  difficult  v  in   regard  to  the 
was  ramor'ed.    There  were  no 
than, 


larger  |-rt  ion  of  this  to  the  donun- 
Sambaan,  adjoining  Zululand. 


11* 


NY    AM»  SOl'TII    AFRICA. 


pUcsstld  tfct  frrmtikiH  settlement    A  bunrher 
•iMstd  VM  Ooidt,  a  rvprfwrnt  n 
rara,  »ho  one*  iii»snnil  Umb*f*saand  M.lhln 
HOST  protectorate.  ami  who 
had  obtained  Important  concession  v 
Marrh.  IHW.  to  exercise  the  rights  that  t 

•-.I**  had  bestowed  upon  hU  associate  or 

,.  ..^       ',-     .-'       .V-:     -    ju.^b.t,,.,, 

•ad    Ury   tan*,     An    BnfUsh    commissioner 
MMttd  ttMUKkn  was  thereupon  tent  into  the 
1  ..n  tho  rtnrnjfthof  hi»  rv|»ort  and 
IJII  •  IIMliasntS  that  hr  made  with  the  .  hi.  N 


of  Natal  mid  Zululand  proclaimed 
in  Mar  the  annotation  to  ZuluUnd  Of  t!u»  torri- 


torifW  of  Sarabaaii.  MdhUleni.  mid   t'moegesa, 
A  protectorate  WM  proclaimed  orer  Amatonga- 
•.ffaland.aa  far  at  the  coast  and  up 
to  ibe  Poftttffueee  front  i  I  '.  -rt  tigueae 

btwadary  UM  dirides  the  kingdom  ..f   > 

-  that  the  chief  owe*  allegiance  to  Portu- 
gal in  respect  to  UM  northern  and  to  Great 
Britain  in  reaed  to  the  ».utl..-m  naif  "f 


territory.    The  Governor  of  Zululand  was  ap- 

for  British  Ama- 


t.-ncmUodTexcept  as  regards   the   Portuguese 
linsSiMinni  and  the  South  African   Republic, 
coming  within  the  province  of  the 


annexing  the  Lebombo 
states  caused  great  e\  it.-ment  and  con- 
tioa  in  Pretoria  and  among  the  I >ut<-h  of  South 
Africa.  The  Boers  of  the  Transvaal  saw  their 
hopes  of  having  a  seaboard  frontier  cut  off; 
•ore  than  that,  their  claim  to  an  independent 
railroad  ouUet  was  made  subservient  to  the  de- 
sieve  of  the  Natal  colonial*,  and  in  this  th.y 
foreboded  an  intention  on  the  part  of  the  I'.m'- 
Wi  Government  to  gain  control  also  of  the 
Dsstgoa  Bay  mute,  and  to  give  effect  to  its  pre- 
rro|4ire  right  to  acquire  the  bordering  Portu- 
guese possession!,  thus  inclosing  the  Dutch  re- 
public* in  a  complete  ring  of  British  territory 
and  controlling  all  their  communications  and 
commerce  with  the  outside  world. 

BrltUh  s,,,,th    Uric.,.  „  north  of 

1    Bcchuanaland 

is  tbe  sphere  of  operations  of  the  British  s.uth 
.  Company,  of  whirh  (Veil  Rhodes  is 
chairman.  The  area  of  this  country,  to  which 
the  name  Bhodeaia  has  been  given,  is  aU.ut 
78QUOOO  mare  miles.  Railroads  are  being  con- 
structed from  Beira,  on  the  Portuguese  coast, 
and  from  the  terminus  of  the  Cape  1 
burg  into  the  gold  region  of  Mashonaland  and 
MatabeMand.  Of  the  former  railroad,  75  mllei 


naUiHl.  wa*  proceeded  with,  ami 
«^8.1*4.    Arrang. 
IflH  for  ex 


oter  by  the  Cape  G' 

of  100  mile,  t. 

wm 

were 

- Maf<-kiiif; 

to  Buluwaro  at  a  c 
prrial  GorenuBtat contribute*  £••."•»•«»•.  In  the 
gold  districts,  which  have  an  area  of  5£50 
sqmre  mil«.  town*  hare  tieen  built  at  Sali-l.urv. 
Victoria,  Hartlrv  Hill  and  Balnwav...  H,,),',. 
wayo,  the  former  capital  of  the  Matabele  king, 


Lobenguln,  had.  in  the  beginning  of  1895.  a  pop- 
ulalion  of  The  members  of 

the)  pioneer  expedition  which  went    to   Mashona- 
land ill  l*!Nliuid   the  men  who  were  eidisted   in 
iilist    the    Matabele    in    |V> 

warde<l  with  minim:  claims  or  farm-1   ..•:        !'.•• 

-ptemlMT.     is«».|.    the    lands     E 
Mashonaland   for  farms  amounted   (..    1  , 
acres,  and  in  Malabelehind  HH)  claims  had   been 
I    for    farms   of  6,000  ai-^^   each.      The 
.  oinpaiiy    had    an   original   capital    of 
£1.000,000,  and  nearly  that  amount  was  paid   in 
by  the    shareholder*    m   ca-h.     Subsidiary    com- 
paiiH-..  called  the  lulled    t  :  i  pa  n  y 

and  the  Kxploring  Company,  were  formed  under 
an  agreement  that  they  should  recein  ."•<>  p,  r 
cent,  of  all  profits,  ami  in  December.  1  *!•:',.  they 
were  amataunated  with  the  parent  company, 
and  f  1,000.000  of  new  stock  was  issued  to  their 
shareholders.  There  is  a  deU-nture  debt  of 
£650.000.  The  company  has  established 
administration  in  the  Kuropeaii  settlements.  It 
draws  its  revenue  from  mining  and  trading  \i- 
censes,  the  sale  of  business  stands  in  the  towns. 
and  the  postal  and  telegraph  sen  ices.  The  tele- 
graph, which  was  extended  to  Salisbury  (] 
has  been  connected  by  the  African  Transconti- 
nental Telegraph  Company  with  Blant\! 
assaland,  and  ultimately  telegraphic  communica- 
ti-.n  is  to  be  established  by  land  with  Kgypt  and 
the  Kuropcan  system  of  telegraphs.  The  com- 
pany owns  south  of  the  Zambesi  l..V»l  miles  of 
telegraphs.  The  company  has  100  white  olli- 
cials  and  250  white  police.' 

The  administrator  of  the  company's  tcrri 
south  of  the  Zambesi  js  hr.  Leander  9 
Since  the  close  of  the  Matabele  war  th< 
bele  have  accepted  the  new  order,  and  pro\.-  to 
ilualtle  factor  in  the  labor  supply  Ix'th  for 
agricultural  and  for  mining  work.      Then 
about  1(K),000  cattle  in  the  country,  and  merino 
sheep  have  been  introduced   from    the  orange 
State,     The    farming    industry   has    made 
considerable  progn-ss  in   both  Mash,', naland  and 
Matabeleland.      Besides  gold,  beds  of  coal.  salt, 
"cstos  have  been   found.     Iron   is  widely 
distributed.    The  cost  of  the  Matabele  war  to 

upany   was    i1 11 3,488.     The  compa 
p.  cts  to  be  able  to  pay  its  current  expense-  out 
of  the  general  revenue 'in  1895.  The  ordinal 
mie  in  IS<M  was  about  £50,000  and  e\; 
<MHI.     The  company  expects  to  have  the  Beehu- 
analund  protectorate,  including   Khama's   coiin- 
trv    at:  part    of   the    Kalahari    I 

added  to  its  ten:'  ',  be  company  possesses 

the  mineral  rights  in  Khamaland  al'readv  and 
land  coneessioiis  for  all  the  country  north  of 
Mafeking.  A  lar-.-  proportion  of  These  terri- 
its  «.f  high,  healthful  table-land,  n- 
M-mbling  Mashonaland,  inhabited  by  peaceful, 
indu-trious  races.  Kxploration>  have  been  made 
whirh  show  that  the  country  is  fertile,  and  that 
where  surf  [4  lacking  supplies  can  be 

found    by    digging    wv!K       An    agreement    has 

made    with     the    Impei;  :iinent 

whereby  the  company  is  empowered  to  extend 
its  administration  n«".rth  of  the  Zambesi  lift  to 
the  southern  end  of  Lake  Tanganyika  and  the, 
confine*  of  the  Congo  .  The  new  ter- 

ritory comprises  the  whole  of  the  British  sphere 
north  of  the  Zambesi  except  the  Nyassaland 


CAPB  COLONY    A.VD  SOUTH   AKIii  ll:i 


protectorate     In  KyaanUand  also  the 
which  from  IMM  ui. 

iipenaea.  OOMMM*  right*  to 
Tbe  Harota*  king  ha*  L 
l»   the  MCOtBion*  with  tbe  Im- 

ll>  hrhalf  ..f  thr      l. 


Hh  Afrk»  Company,  propoeedU) bind  thorn  are  6JOO.  oomtaf HjUjm^am.    Tha 

oimposen                          r.oollrtt.  lire  *took  to  1610  embraced  94*9)9  hone*  «•.- 

The  Government  would  not  accept  078  oxen.  619,096  other  *~««K  6JI9JM6  caWex 

(mi  ...uld  |«>rma  a  d.ffrrmtiaUoB  of  frttUU  goal*,  and  1,461  ortrfchas.    Th*  atSSJ 

m  foreign  goods,  Mid.  ainea  tbe  oom-  of  gold  and  diamond*  ha*  heretofore  bom  dav 

y  «a*  unwilling  to  undertake  permanently  flowninii,  nit  many  fine 


pany  wa*  unwilling  to  undertafta  permananUy  eouraged.  nit  many  In*  diamonds  are 

<<ign  good*  tbe  advantage*  it  wa*  taine&and  the  talu*  of  the  .li.mnnd 

r.e  roe*  in  1894  to  C4UIJ9*     Wool  i*  the  O 

«**•**  wa*  omitted  from  the  Mttiement.    Th*  Ucle  of  export,  and  the  trade  in  hide*  and  ntine 

•    •  - ...          .      ,,. 

i**^   i 

Company  the  government  of  the  territorial  ao-  nine  1*«  miltiftofji  V  orvabpo**.  on  the  Omoflt 

anired  forth  of  the  Zambesi  waa  aignad  in  May.  mrr.  to  BJomionteiii  the  capital,  and  thanee* 

fe94.     Th*  government  i.  in  the  band*  of  Jn  mik*  to  VUjooMdrtft,  osT&aiVnml  riw.  MM! 

administrator,  appointed  by  the  con>|«i.*.  who  into  the  Tran^a 

l  ^^a»*16**M    l*v    W    Havrnut^MJV My  6M**"  |  V^MMMWM*«         •    6M«m4     IMAIf  1     %>«aV     e-UaW    ^•*^a^*V«w^M^*K     V^sw 


pointed  by  tbe  company.    A  high  court  and  "a    PraaSutr  .t  llanismith  with  the  MnhomnL    A 

Un.l    ,..IUM, 


Tbe     liraiicb  of  60  mile,  length  bbeuigcmrrvd  to  th« 

Uurr  ha*  no*  teMttlement    rich  ooal  fteU  of  Viedontaim. 

of  the  natire*  on  the  land. 


There  hare  b*«a4CMWgoMeJainMrt*^ar«d,    inaj  BloufMrtafa  with  the  spaem*  of  Cbpr 

^1^1  mile*  of  <       rt/    out -ran  in  "  "" 


.n.urlfacoos  area  erf  t7X»0  square  miies.    6nly        tnrlslatlon.-.A 

a  few  m  ine*  bare  been  dr  T  r  loped,  because  there     ha*  been  MMIDHd.     The 


•I    Hammond,  consulting    tmortion  -f  a  f.,|,-ral  um.«  «tth  the 
tf  engineer  of  In*  company,  report*  that    and  a|ipointMl  a  dopotaUon  to  ootinmh  with  tW 
'  a  rU-  ui.i%rr*nlly  noted  for    aathoffaas  of  the  South  African  Rapuhhe  on  the 


XUOOO  had  bf*n    rabjtrt.    A  projeot  for  .  rmiln*,!  from  Bo»- 
M.i-.r.i-.i  byoij  [talkti  rorU»  .!•-:  pM^    f    HtS  •     Datel  -  ,:  .  •     ii  •  •    •     MJ 


Africa  Company  eiacU  no 
lmtrac^TMbalfafUiaTMMl- 


.£lwS?VSStt'3&>j  founded    bt^fcud  W  difc«l  dM..  of  cities. 

-  Orange  rirer  by  emigrant*   from    Firrt -class  burghM*  are  the  male  whcla*  who 

Gape  Colony  who  wrrr  unwilling  to  accept  lint-     were  eitiarn*  before  1876,  or  who  took  an  art iw 


in  tbe  war  of  iiiaiBaliiiiBi  to  1891.  and 


Cape  Colony  who  w,-rv  un* 

Ish  role  wa*  deolared  an  independent  republic  , 

i.    The  legislative  power  i*  exercised  by  their  sons  sixteen  year*  old  or 

e>cte4  for  four  year*  by  the  vote*  of  all  the  son*  from  the  jy  of  sixte^    To  become  oai- 

V.',"  :          !':        ',      •       -  '  •';    .    '        '-   .'.     •?  :  '•.      .••-.-  .     . 

for  five  Tear*  by  direct  suffrage.    P.  W.  Kriti  and  pay  a  fee  of  CS.    NatnraliMd  prmrn*  enn 

^ ,  -  .1,  ,1     DoteAi.!^***      H«KM  I          I  --  -*       lm      ItMKfc  *--     M.V.IL     flu^     ni«  «•     t^a«^^^aB     !«•     •»^^A«I     m***     -A 

•wan*  oranu.  aeceaseu,  in  iaowt  i 

» '      •'  v    '    •          :    '    N    •    jj     ••  the  rirst  CnaMber  alter  twelve  yioir*  ef  re*J* 
An-a  ami  Population.      1             :    ,         ^    i  Fbe  eon*  bom  in  the  amntfT  of  no 


f.-malML    The  nalire    lion  wbm  tbey  rwh  tbe  a«e  of  tiiteen.    (My 

|..|.ulali..n    wa*    l».>7.   ,,f   «h..n,   fiT.^1    «,n-     t.r^r      *->  »   ^Mi  M^N   MJ&I  it,  the  c .,,•.: .  r.  ,.f 


.     .  -      .  -    •       . 


Be? 

Germany  Mid  the   British  Isle*  \  iom^n^.    The  membm  of  the  Pint  t^mto^dected 


were  10.761  penoM  ennged  dirvctlr  in  by  thr  flncntei 

'ig.  who  btH  in  their  employ  41JSI7  inoeo*  Second  t*bamber  may  belong  to  either  clas*  of 

, .-  .   %.:"' ,?».;,;   '  .  •• 

'AMW.—Tbe  rerenue  for  the  yrar  that  rlae*«».    There  are  S4  eJectoral  district*,  each  of 

ended  Peb. «.  1894.  wa*  £996.790  Mid  tbe  ex-  vhich  ssnaV  a  number  to  each  House, 

penditare*  C999JB99.    The  rvrvnne  i*  derived  The  Piiriihsjl  of  the  Mate  is  a  J.  B.  Krtgw. 

•.mp.rt    dutir^.  stamp*,   port*  and    \r\~  m  bo  wa*  elected  for  hi*  third  term  of  fir*  y«ar» 

graph*,  transfer  dutie*,  rents*  and  a  native  poll  on  May  It,  1899. 

The  chief  items  of  expenditure  are  public  PlMMtft.— The  nptwnne  far  the  half  year 

•tion,  salarim.  Dost*  and  ttlMrapje.  *ndinc  June  90.  1894.  was  CU096JN09.  and  the 

and  police.    There  fa»  a  paW^dtH  of  cSJoO,  memditure  wa*  C6S1976.    There  wa*  at  that 

while  the  public  propertybTmloed  at  £487.000.  oatt  an  unexpended  balance  of  M9M17  in  the 

TOL.   XJLXT.— 8  A 


Ill 


•K  COLONY   AND  SOUTH    AFRICA. 


from  the  fold 

tit  months  »a* 

'   >.»   •       •   ...   .     .,    , 
anenditereal  11 
i  the  sources  of  revenue 
customs,  stamps,  t  nin * 
,,   hut  ux.    TheOovern- 
burrowed  in  Europe,  mid 
'  niMdO,  iad 


and  Predncllon.—  Tho  original 
Bow  popnlaboo  follow*  agrioulure  and  stock- 
mWagTCbiW  Ui.  newer  population,  wl.ich  con- 
•tJtvtas  the  second  class  of  burghers  and  i> 


dock,  is  engaged 
gokt  the  principal  exp 


fritlm.  and  Ivory.  The  dutiable  imports  in 
>.:«..-,::•..:..:  .  .  :  ;•'..•  f 
friim  888,888  ounces  in  1891  to 
in  1808,  and  in  1808  to  1.610.. 
valued  at  £5.686.12*  Good  coal  is 
in  the  eartern  hilK  and  iron,  silver,  and 
ralaable  minerals  exist. 
Communication*.—  The  railroad  built  by  the 
Cape  Government  across  the  Orange  Free  State 
IMS  bean  continued  to  Pretoria,  78  miles  from 
the  Vaal  river  frontier.  The  line  from  Dur- 
ban is  being  continued  from  Charlestown  to 
v.  A  hi.-  from  Delagoa  Bay  to  the 
Tramvaal  frontier,  a  distance  of  57  miles,  was 
Unit  bv  a  Portuguese  company,  and  has  been 
continued  to  Pretoria  (295  miles)  by  the  Nether- 
bads  Company.  The  line  was  officially  opened 
on  July  9.  lAtt.  There  were  in  September. 
18H,  within  the  boundaries  of  the  Republic 
4*8  miles  of  completed  railroads.  891  miles 
in  roesss  of  construction,  and  478  miles  pro- 


The telegraph  lines  had  a  total  length 
of  l£»  miles  in  UM  beginning  of  1894. 

l^rUlatUn.-The  Englishmen  and  other 
Ruropeans  were  far  from  satisfied  with  the 
rightt  conferred  upon  them  by  the  constitu- 
tional amendments  of  1894.  At  the  same  time 
that  they  were  demanding  fuller  political  rights 
they  denied  the  power  of  the  Govern ment.  to 
which  they  had  sworn  allegiance,  to  require 
military  service  of  them,  and  appealed  as  Brit- 
ish  subjects  to  the  Imperial  Government,  which 
made  represent stioni  to  the  Transvaal  (i 
ment,  and  in  February,  1895,  succeeded  in  ob- 
taining from  President  Kroger  a  convention 
the  commandeering  of  British  suh- 
to  the  ratification  of  the  Volk-- 
resldent  bad  already  promM.  in 
Jane,  18B4.  that  British  subjects  should  n 
be  noaimandeured  for  perlonal  military  service. 
The  Government  proposed  to  modifv  the  com- 
U«.  and  asked  the  Volksraad  to 
I  enrollment  of  paid  volunteers. 
A  new  jrievanoe  was  the  exclusion  under  the 
law  of  1*1  of  foreign  coin  from  circulation. 
The  sniorcsuiint  of  this  law  affected  the  supplv 
of  labor  from  Znlnland  for  the  Rand  mineaT as 
the  Zulus  wanted  to  be  paid  in  British 
The  buKnsss  of  some  traders  was  stopped  be- 


they  asked  the 
and  demand 


to  them. 


Mining.—  The  product  of  the  Witwat- 
gold  field  in  1894  was  2 


2,024,183  ounces, 


valued  at  £6.980.000.  During  the  eight  years  that 
.,|,v,.,i  .sin.-,-  themines  were  otx-nrd  tiiero 
had   been  a  total  output  of  6.544,584  ounces. 
j  a  gross  value  of  £22,600,000.  extracted 
fr..,,,  10,  n  0,000  tons  of  ..iv.    The  dividends  paid 
l«v    thf    priMluciii);   mines   ihirinj:    this    ; 
ninoiint     t<.    i-4.4S4.-Vn.       In     IS'.M    thnv 

11.406.266  paiil  iu  divi.ini.  i-.    There  are  50  pro- 

.liiciii^  Miini-s.  the  stock  of  which  had  a  inarkrt 
value  in  January,  1895,  of  £88,000,000.  A  lar-o 
part  of  the  earnings  <>f  tin-  Icadiii-  inin<>->  in 
1894  was  e\|>-  M'l.'l  in  adding  t<>  ih.ii-  |.r..|.,Tiy 
ami  the  construction  of  new  work-.  S.  vn-al  of 
id.'  mines  wen-  operated  at  a  loss.  The  losses 
since  tin- opening  of  the  lir-l  mines  M 
been  estimated  at  12,000,000.  Sin.-e  1S!»'J  the 
proportion  of  losses  to  profits  has  been  -mailer. 
Some  of  the  deep-level  mines,  for  which  vertical 
-hafts  of  from  600  to  1,000  feet  have  I  ..-en  sunk, 
first  came  into  operation  in  1895.  The  ore  at 
the  lower  levels  wasexpected  to  lie  neit  her  richer 
nor  poorer  than  the  surface  outcrop,  as  the  Dual- 
ity i-  found  substantially  tin-  same  in  the  older 
mines  as  far  down  as  they  have  been  worked,  an 
average  of  400  feet.  The  average  yield  per  ton 
is  18-3  dwt.,  ranging  from  8  to  frdwi  The 
deep-level  workings,  as  far  as  they  have  been  de- 
veloped, indicate  that  the  reefs  run  even  in  <jual- 
ity  and  thickness,  averaging  6  feet,  and  that  the 
•  lip  is  the  same,  20°  to  40°.  No  troublesome  in- 
flow of  water  has  appeared  in  the  deepest  drifts 
that  have  been  yet  opened.  The  heat  has  been 
found  by  boring  to  be  95*3°  F.  at  a  depth 
of  2,494  feet,  indicating  that  the  mines  can  be 
worked  profitably  to  the  depth  of  3,000  feet  ;  for 
the  highest  grades  of  ore,  3,500  feet.  The  hoist- 
ing of  the  ore  is  not  expensive,  as  coal  is  abun- 
dant. The  deep-level  mining  companies  acquire 
several  hundred  mining  claims  of  H  acre  each, 
as  i-  necessary  to  warrant  the  heavy  expenditure. 
for  sinking  shafts.  Besides  the  main  reel 
there  are  other  reefs  in  the  Transvaal,  especially 
of  the  kind  called  black  reef,  which  is  rich  only 
in  spots,  and,  on  the  whole,  not  likely  to  prove 
profitable  to  work. 

African  gnld  mines  have  been  the  object  of 
extravagant  speculation  in  London,  and  latterly 
in  Paris.  The  French  have  invested  £20,000,- 
000  or  £30,000,000  in  the  gold  mine-  of  the 
Transvaal,  chiefly  in  the  largest  and  most  noted 
ones,  and  the  English  investments  are  perhaps 
four  times  as  great.  The  deep-level  mines  are 
expected  to  bring  the  annual  product  of  the 
Hand  mines  up  to  £10,000.000  in  two  years 
and  to  112.500.000,  when  the  maximum'  pro- 
duction is  reached  three  or  four  years  later. 
The  total  available  supply  from  this  district  has 
been  estimated  at  1325,000,000. 

I  lie  Swaziland  Settlement— The  Kingdom 
of  Swaziland,  which  has  an  area  of  6,150  square 
miles  and  a  Kaffir  population  of  60.000,  was  de- 
clared to  be  indejK-ndent  in  the  convention  con- 
cluded in  1884  bet  ween  t  he  British  and  t  he  Trans- 
vaal government*.  1'  en  and  British 
traders  having  gained  a  footing  in  the  country 
by  obtaining  concessions  from  the  native  rulers 
during  internal  disturbances  and  wars  with  the 
Xulus.  a  convention  was  made  in  1890  between 
the  same  parties  whereby  the  government  of  the 
white  imputation  was  committed  to  a  mixed  com- 
mission. In  November,  1893,  the  British  Gov- 


•U>MY  AND  SOUTH   AFi; 


n:, 


in  accordance  with  previoe* 

the   Snut 

trail.*  Of 

bmrih  -  ?:-•'  •-     ••  m  t  •   i  i!. 

Transvaal. 
nnn  Regiint  m 
w*»   a  .ir*  lama! tun  drawn    up. 

•bowed  no  sign*  of  atwpt  ing ;  on  the  nmtrart . 

,  deputation  to  England  to  protest 
MBMMl  the  efteblieiuBOfit  of  Bo*r  rule  and  to 

UlegiancetoGrratllntain.  An  alter- 
;wwUomo»box! 


.     ... 

!',:. 


crowned  as  pareBMMiBt  d 
Mar.-h  II.    Kt  later  he 

lotfcsG  l 


chief  at 


signed  by  Sir  II 

.  S  -v  i  PM  >•  •  ki  fen     !••    B 


u         ... 

vaal  otered  him  fl.OOO  a  month  he  refesod  to 
receive  any  money  from  UM  Boers,  MM!  threat- 

^wSi 


18M.    Tlito  pforkUd  thai.  « in 

ratio*  ..f  SwajiUrt.1  int..  thr  S.uth 


aiSkle  *All  hat.  Mid  bt  Mcmm)  in  all  r 

t.  •    MM]  idmii  btnti  lovi  Iw^lajMJ  u  d 

inhiii 

';    .    K.  i  i  •'.«.,,     rUbwMj  ••'..  :V'r.  aj 

nUrd  M  paramount  chief  and  ravrck*  thr  iMial 

uowrr*  in  ao  far  a*  i  bey  art  OQMaitMt  with  dri- 


N.thrW.r.-A  treat 

• 


and  law 
shall  be  regularly  patd  orrr  t.."hnn;  that   the 

...  '          f    I  .'•••,       .,:'    ,     •  '     "  H 

Uves  sbeJl  be  IB  accortlan.  r..«n  )a«» 

and  customs,  n  law  of  inherit- 

,!•:  .:,;    •.•.:•.-•.:        ,.        -       <-      H    | 

the  natives   guaranteed    in   the  occupation  of 
bi  i  now  in  their  |     ssBste  sjsi  •     -  •    pi 
ing  and   agricultural   rights    to    * 

:    and  «L  .hafl 


Transvaal 
to  all  white  reai- 


ti ve  alhr.  to  attack  first  the  hsmimlsf  i 

who  had  risen  in 

kraal  was  captured  and  afterward  he  ^ 

followers  were  mrroonded  in  Use  forest^    Toe 

•fflssi 

a  the  kilfcd.     The 
,      .• 

tnUM-lllntll.!    |,r!;..||.t|..n. 


HWW        W(I«I«MM«   |       ••»»•      •••••       HV      1*U»        »• 

r    three  years,  and 
higher  tax   than  t> 

• 

denu   the    riK'ht  t.>  U-,-..in,-   n.-inmili/.d  a.*  full 
»  '..:^'.  •  r~    '  "...  ^.   .••,   \'r;,  afl  K-i  il  U*    and  foi 
bids  the  salr  ..f  htjuor  to  nati\r«.     No  railroad 
to  to  be  constructed  .n»vaal  Govern- 

ment  beyond  the  esetern  boundary  of  Swaziland 
he  conditions  shall  be  arranged  in  a  fur- 
ther  convention.    The  territory  known  a«  the 

«  becomesapa'n   -  ' 
;.ublic.    The  new  c, 

«1  annexation,  but  at  the  same 
time  it  abrogated  the  proviso  requiring  the  con- 
sent of  the  hwazi  nation  to  the  occupaUoa  of  the 
country  by  the  Transvaal.  It  «a«  unanimously 
mtift.  tad  on  Feb.  li 

n  having  formally  rrfu^l  to 
sign  the  organic  proclamation,  the  new  treaty 
*,-n«  tmmedktsli  bkto    j-rv.  .       \  : :  -  ,    x 
tion  was  issued  on   i  <*6,  announcing 

that  the  Government  of  the  S 

would  take  over  the  administration  of 


ith  Africa.  -  Thr 
south  of  the  Zambesi  are 
as  the  province  of  Louraneo  Marques. 

, .    ., ..  N.  , ,     .      ..  M 


There  sxe  57  miles  of  railroad  from  Drlagt*  Bay 

Transvaal  frontier.    Outside  of  the  di*. 

irenco  Marques  the  country  has  been 

conceded  to  the  In  ham  bane  Company  tad  taw 

Mocambique  Company. 

The  native  inhabitants  are  in  a  < 

•It  against  the  !*ortu*uesr  aut fc 
endeavor  to  protect  the  loyal  and 
tribes  against  the  IOTJX.S  of  the  ah 
predatory   Kaffirs.    The  chiefs 
lahla.  anil  (iungunhana  rebellsd 
guess  authority  in  August, 
.  attacked  the 
and  raided  the  immediate  riuJBifr  of  the 


public  wo 
Swaziland 


from  that  day.    T.  Krogh.  the  Boer 

.      •   ••  .       •• 


Joubert  proceede*!  with  troops  to  Bremersdorp  to 
carry  out  the  arrangrmrnu  and  install  the  young 
king  as  paramount  chief.    Thr  party  hostile  to 
the  Boers  began  to  arm  themwlven  and  erect 
fortification*,    A  state  of  law  Iterates  and 
ensued.    The  Boer*  refrained  from  active  meaw* 
urea,  awaiting  the  decision  of   the 
watered  between  opposite  counsels  until  he  was 


On  Jan. 

on  the  right  bank,  and  drove  tlMHB 
as  tares  Mariqoee*.    On  Feb. 
atdawn, 

began  to 


11- 


CARRIAGES,  HORSELK8& 


Inoomali, 

th*  rainy 


troop  formed  a  hollow  w|tian>  and 
-  HATH™  with  I  he  aid  of  Mnximffuns, 
The  troops  burned  kraal*  and  oc- 

Iand  other  positions  on  tin- 
no  farther  advance  until 
A  large  proportion 


ta»  rainy  iiiinn  was  over.    A  large  j»n.r,r 
of  the  soldiers  who  war*  atnt  out  from  Portugal 
in  the  Preceding  Ootooar  had  died  of  fever: 
n. v»rthe£ss  UOO  omoers  tad  man  *olunU»ared 


for  UM  wrrk^ad  miled  for  Ixmrenco  Marques 
in  MAR*  and  April    The 
casaati  nrrr  *rrr  brought  to  a  suouaarfnl  iasue. 
Th»  whole  Ml  bank  «.^   in  the  hand*  of  the 

<Lhe  middle  of  May  up  to  Maca- 
ffrfff  Mahasol  made  a  last,  in- 
Mmtaiywito  were  established 
at  Maraquetn  and  I  n  can  h  me  and  an  armed  po- 
lk* was  organiied.    Mahazula  retired  with  his 
wn  into  Gungunhana's  count ry. 
The  drhmiUtion  of  tin*  frontier  batWtoO  the 
•e  territory  and  t  he  Transvaal  was  rom- 
UM  baginning  of  the  year  by  a  joint 
•vhich   Senhor    BUM!  was  the 
rneml*  r.      The    dispute   with    the 
South  Africa  Company  in  regard  to  the 
boundary  of  Manicaland  hat  been  referred  to 
the  arbitration  of  Italy. 

Africa.     Th-    Qannao 
Damaraland    and    Namaland, 
nuarc  miles  in  extent,  ha 
more  than  300.000  in  habitant-*.  There  wen 
rwident  whites  in  1804.     T.>,  protectorate  is  ad- 
ministered by  an  Imperial  Commissioner.    The 
•apply  of  water  is  deficient,  except  in  Damara- 
land. where  there  are  good  grazing  ground-.. 
The  cost  of  the  administration  for  1804 
an  down  in  the  budget  at  1,027,000  marks, of 
which  the  37.000  marks  are  raised  l.*-n: 
Uw  rest  contributed  by  the  imperial  treasury. 
The  German  commander.  Major  von  Francois, 
hadafon»of  S34  whit*  soldiers  in  1894.    Un- 
•Boeewful  attempts  hare  been  made  to  land 
food*  at  the  mout  h  . >f  t  )><•  Swakop  river.    Valu- 
able guano  deposit*  were  discovered  in  1885  at 
Ca»  Crosa.  DeWWalfkh  Bay. 

TARRIAGEH.  HORSELBSS.    The  preat 

horsdaas  earriage  race  from  Paris  to  Bordeaux 
and  return  made  in  the  spring  of  1895.  in  which 
4  people  were  conveyed  in  what  the  French  call 
.-.,..  •  .  •  ;-,..  :  .  . 
Urn*  that  made  the  avenge  for  the  distance  16 
mile*  an  hour,  at  once  turned  the  attention  of 
all  interested  in  the  improved  methods  of  loco- 
motion, of  which  the  bicycle  has  been  afore- 
runner,  to  this  method  of  getting  over  the  ground 
without  the  une  of  man's  universal  fri.-nd.  the 
borse.  It  appears  that  the  application  of  steam 
has  only  temporarily  settled  the  question  of 
transportation.  Horseless  carriages  have  been 


need  sueoessfnUy  in  Paris  for  "several  yean. 
Among  the  reasons  that  might  make  horseless 
carriages  popular  in  the  United  States  am  the  ex- 
ce*si ve  oo*  of  keeping  horse*,  the  cost  of  labor, 
*ad  t^"a"  di«<»l"«  experienced  in  keeping 
a  ooachman  that  one  encounters  in  his  experi- 
ence with  domestic  help.  The  principal  reason 
against  the  adoption  of  the  horselesTcarriaffe 
hew  so  rwdily  as  in  Europe  is  th*  condition  of  the 
roads.  In  England  and  France  the  roads  are  ex- 
cellent ;  here  they  are  the  chief  source  of  regret 
for  bicyclist*,  pedestrians,  drivers,  and  evSry- 


body  else  that  is  compelled  to  use  them.  Ilion. 
too,  the  uneven  formation  of  the  «>untry  is 
against  the  use  of  a  \.  In.  1.  propelled  by  a  mo- 
tor, as  unleas  a  motor  of  tremendous  power  is 
provided  there  is  always  difficulty  in  climbing 
hills, 

A  horseless  carriage  resembles  an  ordinary 
carriage  without  shafts,  except  that  it  is  some- 
what more  solidly  built,  and  on  closer  exaininu- 
ii'. 11  it  can  be  seen  that  it  is  furni>lu><l  with  what 
looks  like  the  compartment  under  a  dogcart, 
for  the  power,  and  has  a  handle  in  front  of  the 
driver's  seat,  bv  which  it  is  steered.  The  horse- 
leas  carriages  first  mud*  themselves  popular  in 
Paris,  that  city  of  smooth  and  almost  level  pave- 
ments. At  first  their  owners  did  not  dare  to 
trust  themselves  far ;  but  soon  with  expen<  n« 
came  confidence,  and  the  iourneys  were  extend- 
ed to  Versailles  and  St.  Cloud  instead  of  1"  in^ 
limited  to  little  trips  about  the  Louvre  and  along 


DOrBUC- CYLINDER  MOTOR  FOR  HOR8KUCK8  CARRIAGE. 

the  Champs  filysees.  It  was  found,  too,  that  in 
point  of  speed  and  in  ease  in  making  journeys 
they  were  far  ahead  of  those  drawn  by  hones. 
of  the  most  important  questions  in  con- 
ii  with  the  practical  employment  of  the 
horseless  carriage  related  to  the  power  that 
should  move  it.  The  race  from  Paris  to  Bour- 
deaux  settled  this,  for  all  four  of  the  prizes  were 
won  by  voiturea  equipped  with  the  motor  that 
utilizes  petroleum  as  a  fuel.  Steam,  electricity, 
and  naphtha  were  easily  outstripped  as  a  motive 
power  by  petroleum  ;  for  what  was  wanted  was 
not  a  great  power,  but  a  handy  and  convenient 
one.  Steam  could  easily  furnish  all  the  power 
wanted  to  propel  a  horseless  carriage,  or  any- 
thing el«j,  up  even  a  Vermont  hill ;  but  the  em- 
ployment of  steam  is  always  somewhat  clumsy, 
and  there  is  oil  and  a  boiler,  a  hot  fire,  escapes 
of  vapor,  an  engineer,  and  various  other  incon- 
which  it  was  desirable  to  avoid.  A 


lioRSBLBBL 


117 


steam  oarriage  WM  made  tn  compete  in  the  Pan*- 
Bordeaux  race,  »mt   it    weighed   aaveral  toaa, 

-.  very  strength  militated  again*  it 
,-1,,-m,  hamta  MfriMi  VM  tic  /  •  •   f  r 
thU  race.    This  weighed  atraral  tone,  and  *  a* 

it.  thru,  that   ..,„•   t.f   the  nrrmtiM  of  a 

honrlew  carriage  it  that  it  rauat  be  eompara- 

>th  petroleum  there  ia  no  nacaa- 

«r  an  engineer  or  an  electrician  lo  be 

alwa.*»  in  attandanee 


one  in  moat  anecaaafal  nee  in  tbia  ooaatnr  to  far. 
ia  the  motor  that  has  been  moat  aanneWaHy  ap- 
plied to  the  aarvioa  of  toannhaa.  Thu  b  a  pe- 

series  of  explosion*  in  a  cylinder  or  hot  box. 
brought  about  by  thr  mixture,  at  a  certain  tem- 
perature. ..f  air  and  gaa,  The  dnwnrtrokv  of 
tba  piston  draw,  a  r«rr>nl  ..f  hot  air 
boratnr  attached  to  tba  motor.  Tba  tempera- 
ture of  thi«  current  caaaaa  generation  of  vapor 


* 


7 


nm> 


a  tn 


•in,  a»  the  knowledge  II 

aVeantiraenargaofa. 
alight  that  it  15  not  a  matter  for  erriooa  coorid- 
aration.  Petroleum  haa  the  further  adTantage 
of  not  haring  any  of  the  incoorenieocee  of 
ataam,  anch  as  blow  or  waata  nipaa.aboilar.ora 


.  -      ••  • 


••-  ami 


furnace,  or  the  friction  resulting  from  the  axar- 
cise  of  such  power  as  steam  exerts,  and  the  con- 
sequent need  of  constant  oiling,  while  there  is 

The   Motor.— Thr   prise-winning   motor   of 
the  Paris-Bordeaux  and  return  racea.  and  the 


its  entry  into  tbe 
ratorandtbaevlt 
t,.  the  M,,-ti.m  pi|«.  which  is  o|*BVd  or  shut  by 
an  admisaion  vafra.  It  need*  a  certain  propor- 
tion of  air  and  vapor  to  secure  an  effectiva  ax- 
plosive  mixt ar«.  and.  by  opening  tba 
Valvt  more  or  Us*,  tba  proportioo  of  tbb 
t»  rogulalad.  Tba  an£3»  of  tbapiaU 
tba  exptosi 

attarhcil    to   thr 

•   -     -     : 
email  lamp,  tbe 'only  fire  used. 


above  tba 
is  heated  by  a 
This  flame  ig- 


llfl 


.  IH:.MI>TUY. 


•fees  the  explosive  jra*  thus  creating  a  sudden 
•ipenston  o/TuwhCh  form  ibTpfium  down 
Mite.  The  second  upstroke  in  UM  cylinder  ei: 


Imm*  tiMttpeAMffpses  through  *  pi|>e  opened 

....  .-..,.•:  K,  •         •     •    •  v 

..,-..-,•          '     •       ..in,    -. 
.'  .....  :-•   •'    "    "«  :«•> 

from  the  occupants  of  the  vehicle.    The 
motor  is  the  kind  most 


•  m 


ployed.  To  Hart  thr  motor  a  little  crank  miM 
be  tamed  half  a  down  times,  tometimt*  M 
m  half  a  minute,  to  enable  the  machine  to 
ma.  Thb  constitutes  the  only 

to  it 

..in  I.  and  require*  no  safety 
When  a  motor  is  stopped  or 
•hut  off  it  i*  di-ad.  and  there  can  be  no  effort 
on  its  part  until  half  a  dozen  turns  of  the  crank 
have  socked  in  a  mixture  of  gas  and  air  to  begin 
or  ft  again  a  series  of  explosions  in  the  cylinders. 
The  efforts  that  ar«  being  made  by  inventors  to 
do  away  with  the  disadvantage  mentioned  may 
bt  appreciated,  when  it  is  said  that  in  the  large 
motors  of  this  kind  for  use  in  mills  and  like 
heavy  establishment*  the  engines  of  100  horse 
power  obtain  the  start  by  toe  use  of  several 
smaller  engines.  Of  coarse  it  would  be  fut  il-  to 
attempt  to  start  bv  hand  an  engine  of  100  horse 
power.  The  smallest  of  these  engines  is  not  too 
large  to  be  started  by  hand.  This  smallest  en- 
gine. as  noon  as  it  has  got  its  own  power,  in  t  urn 
sets  the  second  one,  and  that  starts  the  main 
machine. 

Hithmo  it  has  been  necessary  to  carry  on  a 
journey  in  one  of  these  horseless  carriages  at 
least  a  barrel  of  water  for  cooling  the  cylinders. 
A  new  device,  by  which  a  smaller  quantity  will 
be  sufficient,  consists  of  an  arrangement  l.y 
which  the  water  used  to  cool  the  cylinders  is  re- 

soon  as  it  is  used,  and  then 
to  play  its  part  over  and  over  again.    The 
fuel  used  is  not  worth  making  any 


effort  to  reduce,  as  it  is  only  a  pint  of  petroleum 
an  boor  to  each  bores  power.  Three  horse 
powers  was  the  capacity  of  the  winner  at  the  last 
Paris  race.  The  most  successful  of  the  «1 


far  for  doing  awar  with  the  inconvenience 
in  •tailing  the  machine  is  a  contrivance,  now 
popular  in  Paris,  of  a  gearing  by  which,  when 
the  carriage  is  stopped  for  a  few  minutes,  a 


II  wheel  takes  ih-  |«,*.T  and  continues  the 
engine  in  motion,  hut  with  the  power  not  applied 
to  the  wheels  of  the  wagon. 

Two  large  firms  in  Paris  are  very  busy  sup- 
plying UM  demand  for  horseless  carriages.  One 
make*  carriage,  with  wooden  spokes,  while  th- 
oth-r  pr.lucee  a  vehicle  with  the  steel  spokes 
thai  rhararteriM  the  bicycle.  It  was  one  of  the 
latter,  carrying  4  persons,  that  won  the  special 
prixe  in  the  great  French  race.  The  750-mile 
Journey  was 


A  factory  for 
rmges  has  b, 
bland,  near  Astoria, 

CHF.MMTET.  Chemical  Thoory.-Prof. 
Raphael  Mendols,  opening  the  chemical  section 
of  the  British  Association  with  an  address  on 
the  progress  of  chemical  science,  remarked  that 
the  recognition  of  the  qnanti valency  of  carbon 
by  Kekule  in  1856  was  the  beginning  of  the 


lopment  <>f  chemical  science.  The 
concent  ion  ol  thr  valency  of  the  atoms  was 
bfoacoed  by  Prankknd  .-md  shortly 

after  that  time  the  course  of  <li 
concentrate  itself  in  two  channels;  one  follow- 
ing the  physical   side,  and    the  other  carrying 
"the  :  in-   from  the  ralenOJ 

doctrine   and   its  extension   to  the  structure  of 
chemical  molecule-."     The  two  channels  are  at 
present    fairly  parallel  and   not    far  apart.     \Vc 
nave  one  class  of  worker-  dealing  with  the  phys- 
ics  of   mutter    in   relation   to  general  obemicaJ 
properties,  and   another  Ha>s  of   investigators 
concerning  themselves  with  the  special  proper- 
ties of  individual  compounds  and  classes  of  com- 
pounds with  atomic   idio-;. 
ers  of  one  class  are  differentiating,  while  their 
colleagues  are  integrating.     Moth  meth. 
necessary  for  the  development  of  the  s< 
and  there  is  no  antagonism,  l.ut  co-i.pi-niti.in. 

The  success  attending  the  application  of  the 
doctrine  of  valency  to  the  compounds  of  . 
has  helped  its  extension  to  all  compounds  formed 
by  other  elements,  and  the  student  of  the  pres- 
ent day  is  taught  to  use  structural  fornn 
the  A  BC  of  his  science.  The  doctrine  in  its 
present  state  is  empirical,  but  we  can  hardly 
doubt  that  a  physical  reality  underlies  it.  Then 
is  something  to  be  reckoned  with  besides  val- 
ency. The  great  desideratum  of  modern  chem- 
istry is  a  physical  or  mechanical  interpretation 
of  the  combining  capacities  of  the  atoms.  The 
services  of  the  doctrine  of  Valency,  however,  in 
the  construction  of  rational  formulas,  especially 
within  the  limits  of  isomerism,  have  been  incal- 
culable. The  doctrine  underwent  a  prolific  de- 
velopment through  the  introdud  ion  of  t  he  stereo- 
chemical  hypothesis  in  1874;  and  .renewed  vi- 
tality was  given  it  by  the  conceptions  of  tautom- 
erism  and  deomotropy,  formulated  by  Laar  in 
1885,  and  by  Paul  Jacobson  in  1887.  A  more  re- 
cent development  of  structural  chemist  ry  is  the 
conception  of  certain  ideal  complexes  of  atoms 
which  we  consider  to  be  the  nucleus  or  type 
from  which  the  com|H>und  of  known  constitution 
is  derived.  In  some  cases  these  types  have  been 
shown  to  be  capable  of  existence ;  in  other  cases 
•  still  ideal.  The  parent  compound  \r.i< 
sometimes  been  known  before  its  derivative,  as 
in  the  case  of  ammonia  and  the  organic  amines 
and  amides:  and  in  other  instances  the  deriva- 
tives were  obtained  before  the  type  was  isolated, 
a*  in  the  case  of  the  hydra/incs.  which  were 
characteri/ed  in  1875,  and  the  hydra/ 
(Kiiinds.  which  have  been  known  since  1868, 
while  hvdrazine  itself  was  only  first  obtained  in 
1887.  This  theory  is  also  capable  of  almo-t  in- 
definite extension.  The  present  position  of 
structural  chemistry  may  n<-  rammM  up  in  the 
statement  that  we  have  gained  an  enormous  in- 
Mi:ht  into  the  anatomy  of  molecules,  while  our 
knowledge  of  their  physiology  isjis  yet  in  a  rndi- 
iry  condition. 

The  theory  i*  sustained  bv  I)r.  T.  L.  Phipson 
that  H.  here  was  originally  of  ni1 

only,  and  the  free  oxygen  which  now  forms  part 
of  the  air  we  breathe  is  entirely  the  product  of 
plant  life  extending  over  countless  ages — not 
that  plants  were  the  creators  of  oxygen,  but 
that  they  were  the  means  by  which  Nature  has 
placed  free  oxygen  gas  in  the  atmosphere  of  the 


•arth.    I'ala^ntoloffitUftatrBlIf  tdmii  that  tbt    Pro!  Til otitoa  by  attog  vmmam  t«b«a»  toto  out 
leva*  f..r  *rr»  the  flra  to  make    tod  of  wh.  «*»  fottd.  and 

tbrir  ap|«aniii'f  "••-        ?         •'"      «-«M     »h».h 


would    wbkb  eoouiatd  AMail 
»  ibakiog  the  luU.  iii  . 

of  AAiflMML     Thft     OMMJB  look  CftlAM  IB  iKc^ 

»»a^^^w 

..    lc~    if    ~*' 


IM» 

-f 

•ratiual  trantfonMtion  of  tbt 
.1  flfcmp  of  mnlium-ilMt  h,  tlw 


It  dtteribtd  by  tbt'aatbof  in 


^~i»l^t.ftrY«!;jraiairm|*ratuw    tbt  »olmltt  tbtMtifwt  art  ehmd.    Mort- 
of  from  a*  to  «T  K,  mdaotd  oiygtn  tt  A  rttt    ortr.  eiptrimont  thowed  thai  tbt  rlmnc  db- 
vwottd  by  4W  faUom  a  jrrar.  ur  43.000  gal-    ebam  Uktt  ptecv  mort  ivtdily  to  mote  UM* 
in  «  cvntury.  dry  air :  and.  further,  ibat  tbt  rWt rv  glow  ob- 

-Tbrbtbaviorofgttwin    Utotd  by  timfcmw  mmwu j  to  difctwat  rmf»4Ud 

bdri^by 


IttltiMttt 

to  •fcrtijto  tW 
hiiitlna 


buiu  rt  tipottd  to  tltctrioml  action,    ebargrd.  tbe  groat  4coUk»Mof  tW. 

IbSTby 


macbinr  a  mpi.lly  altrmatu>K  .  urrrnt  wtt  tH        Attention  it  odltd  by  Dr.  O.  E,  OdMmf  to 
.pin  tbeco4Ta^b«K»^ndoctioo  in  th*    tbe  f.n.a-Cic  form. t^mtd  by  comb&olioW of 


it  rtTtrttd :  damp  air  «!«*»  are 

not  glow,  dry  air  dot*     Hv  makinc  »-•  -f  two  which 

coiU,  in  one  of   whi.h    «M  a  Ivakrr  of  fairly  dteoti 

ttrong  mlpbnric  arid,  and  in  tbt  otber  •  bulb  tomp  tolntion.    Tbt  ptriodie  Sow  of 

containing  moi*  otygm.  tbt  pnttaet  of  tbt  Uon  at  tbe  mrfac«  ^|«rmitng  Uquid  oldtMld 

inr«ndttetoetto  and  water  prodortt  vottei  MMtAaM,  wbirb  m«y 

tbt  bulb,  indirating  that  t  >  of  tbt  be  made  evident  wftb  Mttbylrtw  btoe  or  olbtr 

Cwat  much  greatrr  than  that  of  tbe  arid.    At  coloring  matter, 

ngpohr.  bletofolr 
meric  modifloatlon*  it  it  toggteU.1  I.T  thr  .... 


cntxluctorm,  oamtng  tbt  original  molecule*  to    and  ell!|«m.     An  anaJoaj  It  r^wtT^  out  to  Dr. 

.i>^*  t»tr.    wuh  k.»M-,  ?»,:,  pnltariMn  OKI     v       •  •  •  -.  ••-•  '••• 
cialitm  can  be  brougbt  about  only  by  tbe  ei-    the  onn figuration  of 
<«rge  am..unt  «f  energy, 
r.  and  it  " 


idy  otbtr  tolvwnt^.   Mr 


.  thr  inrtu-    |frf>*rmlk«  of  UM 


lUkor  f..ll,>wM 

WmkmJ   nhtngwi.     lie    irtlwr  tin 


<mpnc  onot  and 
•lot  by  tidt  wit 


-,-  u    m    • 


riiv. 


insoluble 


As  to  the  laws  of  «>iui  "..  ;..h,..,u  k. 

of  Prague,  has  shown:  1.  that  ..f  OffsAioavb- 
*  ting  of  carbon  and  hydrogen.  » it  h 
ycen,  tntirtanrirt  free  from  oxygon 
'  in  wairr ;  2,  the  richer  a  com* 
i  t»l  .-  ••   -  tnwateri 

I  each  other  in  stru<  - 
UM  thml  rule  Q  T. 
•ves  that  simple  compounds  are 
la  water,  more  complex  compounds  in 
more  complex  liquid*,  like  alcohol,  benzene,  etc. 
The  law.  originally  applied  by  its  author  too* 
•MM  substances,  admits  of  extension  to  all 
bodies,  whether  afajMSJtl  orCOttpOUAds.  Thus 
many  mrtalsa*  |ttlladium,  are  soluble  in  hydro- 

- 


A  Mill  larger  nuralxr  are  noluble  in  car- 
M iron,  tnannnen,  nickel,  and  aluminium. 
l*  abo  dwwTve  in  one  another,  sometimes 
to  an  indefinite  extent,  b  <  nerally  to 

fcrm  alloys  of  definite  constitution  capable  of 
crpullinng.  Thb  b  exactly  analogous  to  salts 
rnrvtAJlizing  with  definite  amounts  of  water, 
b,  which  are,  as  a  rule,  insoluble 


r,  dissolve  in  various  organic  substances. 
,  carbon  ditmlpl.  Metals  which 

In  oaoh  other  and  in  hydrogen,  or  the 
carbon,  are  insoluble  in  such  complex 
It  follows,  therefore,  that  nonmetab 
the  point  of  view  of  solubility  are  more 
complex,  and  therefore  more  highly  evolved  sub- 
stances than  metals.  Sulphates,  which  are  not 
of  such  simple  structure  as  chlorides  or  bro- 
or  even  as  nitrates  or  chlorates,  having 
m  the  molecule,  are,  as  a  rule,  less 

Argon  and  //'/I'M m.— The 
by  Lord  Rayleigh  and  I'n.f  lUin- 
•y  of  their  discovery  of  a  new  constituent  in 
the  atmosphere  which  they  named  argon  was  re- 
corded in  the**  Ann  last  year. 
A  further  communication  concerning  the  newly 
discovered  element  was  made  by  the  authors  at 
a  public  meeting  of  the  Royal  Society  held 
Jan.  81,  when  the  properties  of  argon  were  d-- 
scribed  so  far  at  they  had  been  discovered  and 

M.       :••;.-       :      .,1       . 

*  .-    .      .-••  :      l.'-rd  ii.r.  :•  j:,'-  attention 


Kayleigh's  attention 
wM  directed  to  the  inquiry  which  resulted  m 
tab  discovery  by  observing,  while  engage.  1  m 
•  -  .•  ?  :>,  :••.-  -,-.  ,,f  s,,nil.  ,,f  ,j,,. 
•ore  permanent  gases,  that  nitrogen  when  ex- 
trartrd  from  the  atmosphere  was  about  one  half 

Keeat  heavier  than  when  obtained  from  ch-m- 
cninpounds.     Prof.  Ramsay  became  inter- 
ested  in  the  research,  and  the  two,  each   in- 
vestigating in  hb  own  way,  produced  arg 
dlfetent  methods  about  the  same  time. 
separated  from  the  atnuwphere  and  from  the  ni- 
trogen, which  it  much  resembles,  by  atmvlows.  or 
absorption  in  porous  bodies,  and  by  -  sparking,- 
operation  of  the  electric  spark.   Yt  proves 
to  be  an  inert  g**.  generally  refusing  to 
into  combination  with  other  substances,  having 
ft  density  of  abr.  Q  watcr, 

t  having  been  found  that  the  nitrogen  extracted 
from  nun  water  i-.  twice  as  rich  in  argon  as  that 
which  exists  in  the  air ;  and  has  been  shown  by  Mr. 
Crookes  to  have  two  spectra,  marked  by  red  and 
blue  lines  respectively.  As  determined  by  Prof. 
Olxewski.iU  critical  temperature  is  -126  C\  and 


.:ical  pressure  80*6  atmospheres.  It  boils. 
iiinitT  a  pressure  of  740'5  millimetres,!!  — 186'9° 

•  1  has  a  density  nt  the  boiling  point  of 
1*5.    It  has  been  BOMB  into  a  \\hite  solid  of 

which  the    melting   point    is   alxmt  —  IK' 
Tin-  mil"  of  its  .sj.eci:  i  06,  points  to  the 

conclusion  that  ii  is  monfttomio,    The  '|> 

next  arises,  whether  it  is  an  element  <>r  a  MUM  uiv 
of  elements.    M  r.  Crooke's  <  •.  of  the  dual 

character  of  its  spectrum  bears  in  favor  of  the 
\  n-\\  that  it  is  a  mixture;  I'rof.  <  H/e\\ 
in inal  ions  ,,f  iii-!iriiti-  boiling  and  inciting  points 
and  critical  temperature  l>car  as  directly  and 
•rcibly  against  that  view;  ami  tin-authors 
:  d  the  balance  of  the  evidence  as  pointing 
to  simplicity.  Its  utomic  weight,  as  calculated 
fr«'iii  its  density  by  Avogadro's  law,  is  40.  If 
this  I.e  correct  ami"  it  is  m»iKitomic.  n<>  iilace  18- 
fotiml  for  it  in  the  periodical  scale.  Were  it 
diatomic,  and  its  atomic  weight  'JO.  it  mi-lit 
find  a  place  between  fluorine,  lv,  and  sodium.  '*!'•'>. 
Of  this  os|K»ct  of  the  subject,  the  authors  said  in 
their  j.ajK-r:  "  If  argon  be  u  single  element,  then 
there  is  reason  to  doubt  whether  tlie  periodic 
classification  of  the  elements  is  complete; 
whether,  in  fact,  elements  may  not  exist  which 
can  not  IK-  fitted  among  those  of  which  it  is 
composed.  On  the  other  hand,  if  argon  be  a 
mixture  of  two  elements,  they  might  find  a, 
pla<  -e  in  the  eighth  group,  one  after  chlorine,  and 
one  after  bromine. 

Prof.  Mendeleef.  discussing  the  constitution 
and  ]  ilace  of  the  new  substance,  dismisses  the  sup- 
position  of  its  being  a  mixture  as  Iving  beyond 
all  probabilities.  He  then  discussed  the  series  of 

{Kwsible  molecular  formulas.   \     \.:<   \a  . 
f  it  were  A,  no  more  could  be  found  for  it  in  t  he 
periodic  system.    Upon  the  second    supposition 
(A«)  it  would  find  its  place  in  the  eighth  group 
of  the  second  series,  or  after  fluorine,  but  this 
supposition,  too,  was  liable  to  strong  obje< 
Much,  however,  might  be  said  in  favor  of  a  third 
hypothesis,  that  the  molecule  of  argon  contains 

•"ins.  and  that  its  atomic  weight  is  about 
14.  whence  it  might  be  considered  as  conden-ed 
nitrogen,  N§.  On  the  supposition  that  the 
molecule  contains  five  atoms  and  its  atomic 
"  or  8,  no  place  is  found  for  it  in  the 
penodic  system  ;  but  if  the  molecule  be  suj'i 
to  contain  six  atoms,  and  the  atomic  weignt  be 
fi'.r>.  t  he  element  might  find  a  place  in  the  first 

probably  in  the  fifth  group.  The  author 
considered  this  supposition  and  the  one  that 
gives  the  molecular  formula  Nt  as  the  more 
prolwble  ones. 

The  supposition  that  argon   is  an  allot  ropic 
form  of  nitrogen  was  suggested  by  I'n.f.  I 
on  the  first    publication   by   Lord   Raylefgfa  and 
I'rof.    Kauisny.      Similar  "views    have   bee 
pressed  by    I'n.f.  T.  L.    I»hip«,n.  M.    iVrthelot, 
and  Prof,  Brauner,  of  pra_ 

rimenting  with  a  small  quantity  of  ar- 
gon sent  him  by  I'rof  Ramsay.  M.  Berthelot 
found  that  utnler  the  influence  of  the  silent 
ele<-tri<-  diM-harge  it  would  c<,mbine  with  cer- 
tain organic  c,,mpounds.  and  notably  with  ben- 

'•itli  which  H3  per  cent,  (.r  five  sixths  of 
the  argon  was  condense<l  in  chemical  combina- 

n>e  products  of  the  combination  resem- 
bled those  produced  by  the  silent  discharge  act- 
ing on  nitrogen  mixed  with  the  vapor  of  benzene, 


<  111  v 


surface  of  the  two  glass 

Whlrll    thr    e|c«-tnr    artlo,,     ».    rl 


.    '        f. 


rid 


(The  volatile  prod* 
h«  decomposition  turn  la mos paper blue, 
indk-atingthatan.i. 
observes, In  hi»  pa|*r.  t  hat  the  condition! 
which  argon  t.  r..n.|..n.r.l  »>>  hyln-  arU,,,-  tn.d 

t..  ajeSEti  ,•   -  ..  -    -.:  •     ..in  ism     M. 

it  research  that  the  action 

•iient  discharge  WM  accompanied  with  a 

violet  glow,  visible  in  darkness;  and  on 

one  onoasinn  a  fluorescent   body  WM  formed 

which  gave  out  a 

a 


fa 


litfhi.m  which 
.the  conclusion  WM  drawn 

pond  d    HI    '•    H  !    Usll    •'    j-    :•'-    '  •   '.'•• 
-!•  amistono*  of  a  complex  state  of  «|Uilih- 
.  h  argon,  mercury  (which  i*  .. 

••,  n       •    f     m      -M-.  ::,..-.      .:.      Wfcj    '.       ", 

I  it  developed),  and  the  elements  of 


....     fa   ft     ,.    !,.!.,;,t 

or  mtlter  a  compound 


t     --^ 
rrof.  luunta  j  •  aiicnuon  WM  utrBOMu,  wniw 

•  •  K.I  „•          ..-•.•;.'.          '.-.•.• 

:»n.l  hiul  found  given  off 
.,.  SSnA  |  UH  Horw^tai  BftDard  ..-.•..;,:.: 


which  WM  mppottd  to  be  nitrogen.    The  gat, 
to  be  almo*  free  from 


roved  to  h 
fen.  but  to  exhr 

.  some  other  hW  one  of  »). 
fee  green-blue,  WM  specially  prominent 
Crookes,  examining  the  gas  spectroscopi<  ally, 
found  that  ii  was 

specially  directed,  corresponded  with  the  line 
-•l»r  .  hromosphere, 

«h;.  h  i-  r-  ^.ir'ifl  :»-  in  :.     \.'    '  j    '  !.•     |.r<  «•  i,<  •     .  f 

at,  .  lam*  d   •'.•  n  i"  •  !..•!..  r'..  to  an  on  •»  - 

earth,  to  which    the    name    helium   ha»  been 

The  same  he!  wan  al*. 

laboratorr  at  Tpsala.     CU-vitc  being  an  ura- 
miheral.  other  minerals  containing  that 

IhuB.    Prof    Loakwai  toad  it  ta  E  n*fa 

'   80  roinersU  studied  by 

were  found  to  contain  helium  ;  itn<l  th<-  tnvesti- 
generally   indicat.  mm  b  re- 

tained by  minerals  oonsisting  of  salts  of  ura- 

•hohum  : 
la  conditioned  by  the  uranium,  the 


M.  or  the  thorium  can  not  yet  be  decided. 
Meteoric  iron,  heated  in  a  vacuum  hae  yielded 
»meay  small  amounts  of  argon  and 

.  an.1  coro|«ratirplr   lar^  quantitiat  of 
^•en.    Free  argon  and  helium  have  been 

rrat.il  from  certain  <>f  the  Milphur<>u*  waters  of 
the  Prrenee*.     P.  P.  l»«lren  and  S.  Shaw  bare 
that  the  nitrogen  given  off  I 
i.Uesborough.fing»wid. containi  aU>«t  the 
same  proportion  of  argon  M  does  atmospheric 
Magnesium  vapor,  when  it  was  sub- 
mitted to  the  silent  discharge  I 

-mni.  rapidly  combined    with   nitrogen. 
Continued  action  after  the  spectroioopio  evi- 


readily  with  nitrogen-titanium. boron, lithium. 
uranium,  and  fluorine— M.  MOIMSJI  obtained 
.  ill  m  -v.  PI  r-  - .  • 

,u»y  supposes  that  a  closs  analogy 
exists   between  argon  and  helium;   and  that 

•         •    ;  ••-;.••••••..,,. 

ejMJMd  .!.!!.r.:,'.V.    ",-,..  '.:,:.  ,  .  ,-• 

meots.  Prom  the  properties  of  certain  lines  to 
jtafrftrtfttn  !••  jmEthnl  Ikq  i  Bteini  m 

ySo^m^ut'^muiAw^yS^^lOu^ 

UM  III  !!.:•      *,:•••    -JM    •.,    f       .  »     «'  . .  r   :  i 

periodic  Ubku  The  density  of  helium,  however. 
U  so  low  that  there  doss  not  appear  to  be  room 

for  a  large  quantity  of  a  heavier  gas ;  and  to  flt 

HM  peSdi.  UM.  '••,.    .-.'.. 

rather  I.- diiniiu.hr,|  I.i  r.-n,..»'al -f  a  ! 

r-  than  inrrsiani  bvrem 
one.  The  observations  of  Dr.OI 
t !,.  atomic  weight  80  for  argon. and  suggest 

r.  uunge  and  P.  Paschen  flnd  a  close  MM 

en  the  spectra  of 

kal&Tnair 

to  believe  that  the  gM  in  cfovite  rnnaJsti  of  two. 

and  not  more  than  two  constituents,  of  which 

whose  spectrum  is  altogether  the  stronger  one— 
while  the  other  ought  to  receive  a  new 
researches  of  M.  Lecooq  de 

the   rvlatmn    nm-  i..;    thr  atom 

MIM  some 
the  existence  of  a  family  of  elen 

hitherto  Known,  and  of  even,  or 


whoat 


of  which 
octo.    atot 

•Vmld  u   •:- 

two.havinf  tkl 
'86-40.  w 

in  X,»-  nilar 

Mr.  r.  J.  Reed  in  paper* 

baj 

!'•• 

baudran.  his 
•ponding  with  the 
of  aneJawjeM 

-f 


" 
....  v    , 

ha.1   a   place  < 
rtghti.THie 


mark   by 


ttl* 


harmony  with  a  re- 


baUunkthai  -  ., 


or  three. 


bnth  of  solar  and  stellar 
be  ronflrmed.  we  are  evident 
of  a  new  order  of  gaeas  of 

in 


if  this 


LSI 


UIKMISIRY 


•«to*^i~M<!te»**-!*L!»:  s~?S 


From  the  wave  length  of  sound  in  the  gat, 
from  which  the  theoretical  ratio  of  specific  heats 
1-66  U  approximately  obtained. 
b  drawn  bv  Prof.  IUm»ay  that  helium,  like  ar- 

.  s     .  ..  .  M      .. ...  Vati     ha-     Ml     been 

able  U>  liquefy  helium,  though  he  subjected  it  to 
a  pressure  of  140  atmospheres,  cooling  tt  to  the 
taSperature of  air  boilSg at  low  pressure, .and 
exnandinf  suddenly.  I  u  atomic  weight  U  fixed 
• »  i-  '  |ej  •]  v  i  » 

,  -  .  .  .  '  Barboa,  OB,  aai  ban 
obtained  by  l>r.  Deninger.  of  Dresden,  in  con- 
sMtraJMt  quantities  by  heating  anhydrous  so- 
dium ralpnVU  and  eiooei  of  chloroform  in  ex- 
aaarted  ssalsd  tubes  to  about  180°  C.  Sulphu- 
.  ..  .-  •  .  ;•  .-.:..  klojftda,  ind  tbi  m-w 
were  obtained.  The  gas  is  combustible. 
with  the  production  of  sulphur  dioxide, 
U  TCTT  explosive;  it  is  energetically  ab- 
sorbed by  alcohol  and  aniline,  and  readily  con- 
deoses  to  a  liquid  in  an  ordinary  freezing  mix- 
tare.  It  is  also  obtained  by  heating  in  sealed 
tubes  a  mixture  of  silver  sulphide  and  iodo- 
'  i  i 

The  investigation  of  the  new  iodine  base 
lodonium  has  been  continued  by  pupils  of  Prof. 
r.  A  base  and  its  salts  derived  from 
toluene  are  described  by  Mr.  John  McCrae,  and 
a  further  serial  derived  from  para-chlor-iod  ben- 
awe,  C.H4CII,  by  Mr.  Wilkinson.  From  the 
various  experiments  it  appears  that  the  reactions 
discovered  by  Prof.  Meyer  and  Il.-rr  llartrnann 
between  iodobeniene  and  silver  oxide,  and  be- 
snlphuric  acid  and  iodobenzene,  which 
1  in  the  preparation  of  the  first  iodonium 
i  of  fairly  general  application  in  the 
series.  These  remarkable  compounds 
ining  iodine  as  the  grouping  element,  must 
therefore,  be  regarded  as  thoroughly  well 


• 


the  older  idea  as  to  the  nature 
of  the  iodine  atom  must  give  place  to  a  fuller 
conception  of  the  capabilities  of  that  element 

Prof.  Jolv.  of  the  Paris  Ecole  Normale,  has 
investigated  the  compounds  of  ruthenium,  prin- 
cipally those  resulting  from  an  association  of 
this  slement  with  binoxide  of  nitrogen,  a 
hi  nation  which,  behaving  as  a  single  body,  unites 
'•Inline,  bromine.  Iodine,  and  oxygen.  1 1  « 
find*  it  to  be.  of  all  known  elements,  that  which 
prmentA  the  most  original  properties.  He  has 
exhibited  a  red  coloring  matter,  resulting  from 
an  •ssoeiation  not  yet  definitely  determined 
(oxychloride  of  ammoniacal  ruthenium).  . 

tonal  power  equivalent  to  that  of  th. 
riebest  dye  materials  obtained  from  coal  tar,  to 
that  of  fnchsine.  for  instance.  A  five  m  > 
pan  of  the  substance  suffices  to  color  water.  It 
dyes  «ilk  directly. and  the  color  thin  procured 
is  stable.  The  chemical  reactions  of  this  new 
coloring  matter  are  equally  interesting.  Acids 
tran-form  it  into  yellow,  and  alkalies  bring  it 
bark  to  red. 

flayer  describes  in  the  "  Bulletin  de  la 
Soeiet^  Chimique"  what  appears  to  be  a  new 
element  discovered  bv  him  in  the  residual 
liquor*  derived  from  the  older  process  for  the 
extraction  of  aluminium  from  red  bauxite.  It 


in  the  form  of  an  acid  contained  in  a 
deep-brown  precipitate  obtained  by  uddim:  hy- 
drochloric arid  to  the  liquid  left  after  tin 
ilium  and  chromium  have  been  removed.  After 
a  series  of  processes  for  the  removal  of  ..ther 
substances,  the  new  acid  is  obtained  by  evapora- 
tion—a substance  soluble  in  water,  from  \\hi.-h 
it  is  deposited  in  yellow  crystals  that  fuse  at  a 
red  heat  to  a  brownish-yellow  mass.  Ammonia 
transforms  the  acid  into  an  olive  crystalline 
powder,  presumably  an  ammonium  sail,  which 
readily  dissolves  in  hot  water  and  crystali 
cul»cs  from  the  solution  on  cooling,  other  pre- 
cipitations and  reactions  are descn  bed.  1 )  i 
anticipates  that  when  the  new  substance  has 
been  obtained  in  •.uthYient  quantities  to  allow 
accurate  examination  it  may  prove  to  be  one  of 
the  missing  elements  predicted  by  Prof.  Mend< 
leef  in  the  nitrogen-phosphorus  group.  It  a* 
hibits  characteristic  spectroscopic  lines  in  the 
green,  blue,  and  violet. 

A  new  organic  acid  described  by  II.  .1.  II. 
Fenton  is  obtained  by  oxidizing  tartaric  acid 
tinder  certain  conditions  in  presence  of  a  fer- 
rous salt — in  this  particular  instance  by  tin- 
oxidation  of  moist  ferrous  tartrate  in  the  air. 
The  reaction  is  much  accelerated  by  light.  Tin- 
acid  when  isolated  proves  to  be  dibasic  ha\ini: 
the  formula  C4H«0,  +  2H,O.  It  $ives  a  beauti- 
ful violet  color  with  ferric  salts  in  presence  of 
an  alkali.  Heated  with  water  it  is  resolved  into 
carbon  dioxide  and  glycolic  aldehyde,  the  latter 
substance  polymerizing  to  form  a  sweet-tasting 
gum  having  the  formula  C,H,,0«. 

Several  aromatic  esters  of  arsenious  acid,  pre- 
pared for  the  first  time  by  Dr.  Fromm,  of  Ros- 
tock, are  either  viscous  liquids  or  crystali;: 
ids,  and  are  prepared  with  considerable  facility. 
The  triphcnyl  ester,  AsfOCall,),.  is  obtained  by 
allowing  arsenic  trichloride  to  fall  drop  by  dn>j> 
into  sodium  phenylate  suspended  in  ether.  It 
is  a  colorless  viscous  liquid  endowed  with  an 
odor  somewhat  resembling  that  of  phenol,  and  is 
decomposed  instantly  by  water  into  arsenious 
oxide  and  phenol.  The  para-cresyl  ester.  As 
(0('.H«( '!!,),,  is  similarly  obtained",  is  likewise 
an  oily  liquid  boiling  at 'a  higher  temperature, 
and  has  similar  properties.  The  ben/yl  ester, 
As(OCH,('.H»)i,  has  been  isolated  in  an  analo- 
gous manner,  but  is  not  quite  so  stable  as  the 
others,  being  more  or  less  decomposed  upon  dis- 
tillation in  a  vacuum.  It  may  be  obtained  prac- 
tically pure  by  heating  the  product  of  the  reac- 
tion  in  an  oil  bath  to  200°  C.  under  low  pr 
It  reacts  with  water  similarly  to  the  two  other 
esters.  In  addition  to  these  liquid  aromatic  ar- 
senious esters,  the  /3-naphthyl  ester.  A 
Hi)s.  has  been  prepared  bv  the  action  of  arsenic 
trichloride  upon  the  sodium  derivative  of  0- 
naphthol.  It  crystallizes  from  the  ethereal  so- 
lution  after  decantation  from  the  precipitated 
common  salt,  in  colorless  aggregated  cr 
which  melt  at  from  113°  to  114°  C.,  and  are 
readily  soluble  in  alcohol  and  benzene  as  well  as 
r.  Wator  immediately  decomposes  them, 
and  in  boiling  water  the  products  of  the  decom- 
position—arsenious  oxide  and  0-naphthol— dis- 
•mpletely. 

New  Proceaaeg. — Anhvdrous  hydrogen  per- 
oxide, isolated  by  Dr.  Wolffenstein,  proves,  con- 
trary to  the  previous  belief,  to  be  stable  and 


(  HKMWTHY. 


:  . 


capable  of  distillation  under  reduced  pneaure,    aoon  aa  UM  compound  bai 

' 
*,luiion*  of  hydiogen  peroxide  in  a  vacuum  and        M.  Mniasan  has  been  I 


abo  in  the  open  air  opon  the  wal« 

but  wtih  a  loss  of  mort  than  70  par  oral,  of  the 

original  amount  of  peroxide  employed.    More- 

il  wa*  found  thai  when  In* 


lUllr'     I.    ' 


of    Hi.,,,!,!,,.   -  f 

•       '    ' 
Hi    *   •!•!•  Of 

the  form  in  which  it  us»- 


panantagr  may  ba  brought  u( 

without  tne  loss  of  any  considerable  quan 
nation,  but  that  a*  the  concert' 

latilteation 

of  the  peroxide  Increasea  at  a  vary  rapid  rate. 
for  tba  great  loss  wa« 

dteompOtiUon.  but  to  actual  volatilization  of  i  »„- 
»n."'n:  <•  1 1  N  -Ir-  -.  r,  ,-  rOtldl  a;  ptafla)|  '  »-• 

stable  at  Itvt  temperature  of  the  water  bath,  an 
aftejsjpl  »A-  Mj5  la  tfaUfl  It  U  :•  r  r-  :  .  •  : 
pressure,  A  -p-  ommercial  Inrdrogen 

peroxide  concent  n»t.  >ntained  80  par 

«s  subjected  to  a  succession  of 

fr,    •       M      |    .-.   |a4     ....    •,!,:.    ,    ,-:•;.   |    AMflM 

bavin*  a  strength  of  00  par  cant   The 

bfj     :-    :,-..:     .-    I    ,.   .    r,         -:r  .5     wVUk 

ion  to  wet  tba  surface 
itainin*  vessel    When  ex  nosed  to  thr 


.»;  at  MM  i     ' 
noun  to  diaa 


obtaining tha  aj 
purity.   Tna  poi 

run  ia  produotd  by  ibr  Mdon  of  taa 

...  p  ,  •        • '  • . 

lain*  nitrida  of  titanium  (tba  maUJ  baring  a 

markad  affloit  r  for  nitrocant  nntaaalnai  or  audi- 

» 

um.  otyim.  and  rilkon.    Tba  mluctioo  of  va- 

M&    MUMdl         .         -...••       f.r:.;       -    , 

naUdtotnaaatnnrtnai  titanic  acid  might  faV 
deeompojad  in  tba  Mma  way.  Tba  mill  of 
tba  eiparimant  variad  accord foy  to  tba  hit  maity 

f  !..    ..r      ,        .  V.  .  .-          ,.- 

unaebiaaof  oalyafev 


powar,  a  ydlow  mbatanea  with  a  bronzy  frac- 

toraeompoard  • 

nito  and  arvtalliMd  carbide  «w  alao  ptmarad. 


Finally,  by  eubjecting  a  mixture  of  titanic 
•siaftamaJ  B  £  Mtfai     f  •   • 
a  machine  of  from  100  to  100  born 

Tbia  metal  ia  UM 


-;-  •-  kkai  kali  •  ml 
Tlie  eiparimenU  are  rr- 
tha  acrfnature  of  hydro- 


ao  Ur  obtain^  by  UM  aid  of  UM  alaetrie  for- 
nacr.    It   u  more  diAcult  to  torn  than  «r* 


wpiodre  propertica  of  the 
nmdariTaUrfa. 


well  .  »enU  by  I 

f  Moacow.    The  ar»l 

luting 

aouantitr  <>f  nitrt>mrthaix  » it  bather 

an.l  treating tbe  li<|ui«l  with  a  >..hition  of  aodi- 

alcobol.  when  tba  compound  it  pracipi- 

tetad.    Prof.  Zalinaky  employs  ea»ntm 

aaroe  pmcaai.  aioept  that  he  uara  an  alcoholic 

'  mdinm  ethylata  aa  a  precipitating 

agent    Being  deairoos  of  obtaining  the  com- 


<  •   , 

•- 


bich  the  watch  glaw  support- 
ing tbe  substance  waa  palverixed  and  the  water 
bath  seriously   injured     An  explosion  alwar* 
according  to  Prof.  Zelinskv.  fmm  tne 


ai>d  charcoal  was  rtlartd  ia 
electrk  furnace  exposed  to  an  arc 

:t  n.a.  bte    •  f  .".'•'  b  r-    j-   ».  -    ••  . 

the  product  for  a  thickness  of  1  or 

ws>  ftued  titanium :  beneath  tht*  was  a 

it  ride,  and  under  this  UM  bine 
A  catting  waa  prepared  containing  •  percent,  of 
carbon.  Titanium  prepared  in  tnia  way  bat  a 
•lighter  affinitv  for  nitrogen  than  tba  powder  re- 
M.hmg  from  the  action  of  an  alkali  metal  on  tbe 
.nates.  This  pulrerijed  titanium  buma 
in  nitrogen  at  a  temperature  of  800*  C. :  to  eonv 
bines  at  the  moment  of  lafMaiisanmn  with  oxy- 
gen  at  a  red  heat.  It  does  not  decompose  tbe 
vapor  of  prater  except  at  a 


Titanium 
form  an  iodide,  and 

,•    :    :r    •         \!      •' 

other  properties  it 


contact  of  the  drv  aodinm  compound  with  a  mi- 
ante  quantity  of  water  An  a^i-tant  placing 
about  5  grains  of  the  substance  in  a  glass,  tba 
surface  of  which  waa  moist,  tba  explosion  which 
instantly  ..  .-.irrvd  shattered  every  piece  of  ap- 
paratus* upon  the  table,  and  all  tbe  gas  flamaa  In 

'•    •  .'  .•'..•  ,  •    v     •  .'• 

pbaric  ware  caused.  The  aasirtant  only  sus- 
tainnl  a  trifling  injury.  The  potassium  com- 
V  it  prepared  in  a  similar  man- 
ner  to  the  sodium  compound,  and  is  still  more 
unstable, exploding  at  the  ordinary  temperature 
shortly  after  its  isolation.  It  wparates  in  well- 
defined  crratals  upon  the  ., 
«um  ethylate.  The  crystalline  form,  however, 
aoon  disappears,  and  upon  rapid! v  transferring 
to  a  filter  an  explosion  invariably  occur*  a* 


From 


m  acetylene  it  U  possible,  as  b  abo 
ViTien  &  Uwe^  to  build  up  all  tbe 
oatfvoM  tMtf  CMI  be  v§d  for  OHMM 


ibro.  jo*tv6ibla 

is  raj.i.ilT  ami  readily  *«ivartsjd  into 
a  higher  Umiiailin.  napislbaliai  ia 
whUe  »>r  the  artioQ  of  aaawo 


acety Woe  ethyteoe  and  ethane  can  be  built  up 
Prom  UM  banaol  we  readily  derive  aniline  and 

i  k.       _W     I  f  •!.     •    — ** —• r  .  -    ^f        -t i 

.  '.A.  maiTTu  m  cownng 


•    i    n 


•  | 

asaw  can  ua  raaojiy 


by  cx>osecutiTely  treating  r 

and  water,  and  from  UM  alcohol  agate  aa  coor- 

MjBi    •    •     * 


ISI 


<  HKMISTRY. 


crmtion.  be  looked  upon  an  one  of  the  mat  key- 
StoMt  of  ti»  organic  edifica.  With  a  cheap  mid 
easy  method  of  prtpar  h  as  seams  to  be 

afforded  by  the  calcium-carbide  process,  it  >s 
hardly  possible  to  forsssa  the  result*  «  hi. 

mattly  produced.  Tha  most  valuable  ap- 
ptfaatiott  of  acetylene  promises  to  be  to  purposes 
of  illumination,  for  which  it  has  many  advan- 
u*r«  over  coal  gas.  It  has  been  shown  by  ex- 
pertinent  that  it  i*  twelve  times  as  efficient  in 
producing  light  as  the  bast  fas  now  in  use  for 
thai  pun--*,  a  consumption  of  5  cubic  feet  per 
bourTurnishing  a  light  of  250  candle  power, 
while  an  equal  amount  of  common  gas  will  give 
a  light  of  only  SO  candle  power.  Further,  only 
about  one  sixth  as  much  oxygen  is  consumed  as 
in  obtaining  an  equal  amount  of  light  by  the 
UK**!  methods.  The  gas  is  poisonous  when 
brtwthr.1.  but  its  presence  may  be  readily  de- 
t«ct«*l  by  it*  characteristic  heavy  odor  of  garlic. 

w  and  very  convenient  method  of  prepar- 
ing the  unsaturated  hydrocarbon  allylene.  <',||4. 
by  means  of  the  action  of  magnesium  on  the 

of  the  alcohols  is  described  by   iw. 
v  --  M  &  Braid.    Ths  moan  ha* 

iployed  with  methyl  and  ethyl  and  other 
but  with  none  of  them  is  the  gas  so 
pure  as  that  derived  from  the  use  of  propyl 
alcohoL  When  this  substance  is  used  the  new 
method  is  said  to  be  far  preferable  to  the  ordi- 
nary one  of  decomposing  propylen  bromide  with 

rVrsulpnuric  acid  and  its  anhydride  were  first 
obtained  and  described  by  M.  Bcrthalot,  and  its 
potassium,  ammonium,  and  barium  salts  were 
prepared  in  1891  by  Dr.  Marshall,  of  Kdinburgh. 
A  second  memoir  by  M.  Berthelot  on  the  acid 
-  salts  confirms  Dr.  Marshall's  results,  and 
includes  a  description  of  the  met  ho, i  of  prepar- 
ing the  acid  by  electrolysis  of  a  solution  in  dilute 
sulphuric  acid  of  potassium  or  ammonium  sul- 
phate, accordingly  as  the  potassium  or  ammo- 
nium salt  i-  required,  in  the  inner  cell,  and  dilute 
sulphuric  acid  in  the  outer  cell.  At  the  expira- 
tion of  fifteen  or  twenty  hours,  the  inner  cell 
will  contain  large  quantities  of  beautiful  crystals 
of  the  persulphate.  Crystals  of  the  salt  are  also 
obtained  by  direct  electrolysis  of  sulphuric 
add  and  subsequent  addition  to  the  product  ..f 
a  concentrated  solution  of  potassium  bi-ulphai.-: 
and  bv  the  gradual  addit  ion  of  anhydrous  t  wrium 
peroxide  to  concentrated  sulphuric  acid.  Potas- 
sium persulphate  attacks  mercury  at  ordinary 
temperatures,  with  production  of  a  yellow  basic 
saipnato  that  appears  to  be  identical  with  the 
•It  called  for»/l  mineral. 

•ilr  vTe!rhta.-Bohuslav  Brauner's  latest 
aalenlartons  of  the  atomic  weight  of  tellurium 
givt  the  number  127-71.  which  i*  higher  by  0*86 
than  the  atomic  weight  ,,f  „*!„  where- 

as, from  ita  position  in  the  periodic  system,  tel- 
lurium should  have  an  atomic  weight  between 
Wand  IK.  On  this  account  the  author  is  led 
to  the  conclusion  that  it  is  not  a  simple  sub- 
stance, which  is  supported  by  the  following  con- 
siderations:  1.  tellurium  precipitated  and  dried 
in  a  current  of  an  inert  gas  gives  higher  value 
for  the  atomic  weight  than  when  sublimed  in 
hydrogen :  2.  the  properties  and  composition  of 
the  dlommide :  3.  the  varving  results  obtained 
on  attempting  the  synthesis  of  the  dioxide,  the 


basic  sulphate,  an<l  certain  metallic  telluridcs; 
4,  the  behavior  "f  tellim-us  and  tellurie  acid 
solutions  toward  hydrogen  sulphide. 

The  at«nn<  \\.-I-M  <>f  tuiip*teii  has  been  re- 
1'.  Smith,  of  tin-  fniv.-rsity  of 
IN-nnsyl\an  n^  <>f  'J  series  of  experi- 

ments* iM-rformed  by  2  a>sistunts.  Tin-  in.  an 
value  lie  rived  from  the  first  series,  of  9  ex- 
I-  nment-.  was  184*92,  taking  oxygen  as  0*16; 
and  from  the  second  series  of  6  experiment^ 
184*70.  The  highest  and  lowest  values  obtained 
in  the  first  series  differed  only  0-02,  and  in  the 
second  series  only  0*07  from  the  mean.  Strik- 
ing the  medium  between  these  two  means  gives 
184*8  as  a  close  approximation  to  the  true  atomic 
'  of  tungsten.  This  value  is  con^idrrabl> 
higher  than  the  currently  accepted  one,  184*03, 
the  nuinlN-r  afforded  by  Clarke  and  Beck* •! 
calculation  of  the  results  of  older  ill-termina- 
tions. The  increase  is  probably  due  to  the  great 
pains  which  were  taken  to  remove  the  traces  of 
molybilrnmn  from  the  tungstic  acid  used  in  the 
experiments. 

That  nickel  and  cobalt  should  have  the  same 
at  i  .m  ir  weight,  as  they  have  appeared  to  have  f  r>  >m 
past  analyses,  seems  at  variance  with  Men  : 
law,  and  many  efforts  have  been  made  to  se- 
cure greater  accuracy  in  the  e-ti mat  ions.  I'n.f. 
\V inkier  has  recently  made  analyses  of  cobalt  by 
methods  which  he  declares  were  quite  unim- 
peachable, and  publishes  as  the  results  of  two 
series,  each  consisting  of  several  individual  de- 
terminations, carried  on  with  an  interval  of  some 
months. and  with  metals  from  independent  min- 
eral deposits—  Ni  =  58*72,  and  Co  =  59*37,  when 
II  =  1  and  I  =  126-38.  This  gives  cobalt  an 
atomic  weight  at  least  half  a  unit  higher  than 
that  of  nickel. 

The  value,  87*70,  for  the  atomic  weight  of 
Mrontium.  found  by  Pelouze  in  1845,  has  been 
confirmed  byT.  W.  "Richards.  IVloii/.e's  method 
was  found  on  a  comparison  of  anhydrous  stron- 
tium, chloride,  and  silver.  Richards  used  an- 
hydrous strontium  bromide  and  silver,  and  took 
the  results  of  3  sets  of  analyses  carried  on  by  dif- 
ferent methods. 

Chemical  Analysis.— Numerous  analyses  of 
sea  water  show  that  while  salinity,  or  the  amount 
of  dissolved  salts  contained  in  100  parts  of 
the  water,  varies  greatly  in  different  regions  of 
the  ocean,  the  composition  of  the  dissolved  salts 
—or  the  ratio  of  the  constituents  of  sea  salts- 
remains  practically  the  same  in  all  the  super- 
ficial marine  waters.  Consequently,  it  is  only 
necessary  to  determine  the  i -hlorine  in  a  given 
weight  of  water  to  ascertain  at  once  the  respec- 
tive quantities  of  other  salts  present  in  the  sam- 
ple. It  appears,  however,  from  Dittmar's  exam- 
ination of  the  "Challenger"  waters,  that  lime  is 
slightly  more  abundant  in  samples  of  sea  water 
collected  in  greater  depths  than  in  samples  col- 
lected nearer  th*-  surface  of  the  ocean.  Some  evi- 
dence apnears  too  of  slight  differences  in  the 
it  ion  «.f  the  sea  salts.  There  is  also  abun- 
idenee  that  changes  in  chemical  compo- 
sition take  nl ace  in  the  substances  deposited  on 
f  the  ocean ;  and  with  the  view  of 
throwing  some  light  on  the  manner  in  which 
these  changes  are  brought  about,  Dr.  John  .Mur- 
ray and  Robert  Irvine  have  examined  the  com- 
position of  the  water  associated  with  marine  de- 


CBBM1K 


m  kfc  n  - -r .  f  •  .».. 


•iir. 


'rum  the  tttlponr  -alt*  ..f  the  alkalu.r 

tlkalint  moUlt  in  tea  »» 
i    thf  nr-t  iMtMMo,  «'•    Pad  I  ••:  •      "•  •   '   '        ' 

are  deoompoted 

v  are  formed.    The  tulphur  thut  reduced 
from  the  Milphatr*  may  in  |«rt.  on  pataiiiK  •»- 

),M  —  ui|.».un.-   a-  :•!    S   UN  w,»!.r    taMMdi3»Jj 


bamttoiidiMd  back 

add,  which,  in  turn,  daoomnottog  the 
of  lime  alwayt  preaent,  would  reform 


me  alwayt  pretent,  would  reform 
A  certain  part  of  the  tulphidat  or 

arid  wWhi- 

the  ferric  oxide  of  the  deposit,  forming  tulphide 
of  iron,  which  to  long  at  Uto  not  expotecl 
action  of  oxygen  rematot  ttable.   Thto  giree  the 
character***)  blue  color  to  the  great  majority  of 

>:.!:•         '   •   '  ;•.-•-•'        ,!.-.: 

to  tnrnttowalrj 
looked  up  to  i 

».-  c,.i,iertr*l    int..   l,lii^-,,|,,rr,| 


totiMttro 

on  at  the  time  of  their  depoti- 
tion  at  tne  tea  oottom,  the  tulphur  of  the  tul- 

of  the  tea  water.and  not  from  thetolphurof  the 

^mt,  at  to  generally  tuppoted.    The  btoul- 

33m7<  f  £  ata£  Md  naatnvj  EM  probabh  i 


•imilar  origin.    In  the  red  mud*  and  clay*,  either 
from  the  abundance  of  oxygen  to  the  tuperin- 


the  mud  or  clay,  or  from  the  organic  mat- 
nvbotoc  ujMll  inqoantity,  khi  mlphfiaol  hoi 

iied  or  it  after  font 

oddtotd  tota  f.r.;,  liTdraWwkielitkongiTui  Hi 
Imvwatorittk  red cok* tothe oopodta,    ir  maj 
be  accepted  at  a  rule  that  mnot  containing  a 
large  amount  of  organic  matter  relativel\ 
iron  pretent  inrariably  l*rtak. 
ittic  nine-black  color,  while  if  organic  matter  be 

Amount,  or  abtent.  the  black  *ulphide  it 

l*roxide  of 

km 

immaoinm  talt  ..f  !ht<>-ac*tic  aciil 

IT  umi   l»r. 

Tarugi  at  an  excellent  tubatitute  for  the  dita- 
grteable  tulphnrwted  hydrogen  in  qualitative 
*  tia.  Ammonium  thio  aoctato  u  deoom* 
by  hot  dilute  hydrochloric  add. 


•BjpowfeaJMmM  witi*  / 

•  action,  only  «al^mmooiae  and 
bttofprodwd,    wTkai    ,  M  *  M 
..:..—  thio  acetate  to 


§4ttog  apoc  glacial  acetic  acid  with  photphorua 
ptotaeulphida.    It  boUt  ax  na    C  .  ae^U  but 

-._•-.-  ,.,. ;  ,  -.    v.     •.•.,..; 

yellow  volution  tt  obtained,  which  b  then  dilut- 

I-  ....•.:.•.-..      '   •        ..      : 

AM*****!    ..;.'.:,.-r...<    tfc    '.--.,•:•         | 
l»  |.n.|«r  t«. 


fur  thb  Ml 

u§e  of  ammoniutu 


lately  no 

terion  wat  known  for 
tween  true  com 

f  a 
aixliU- 

The  method  if  Dr.  J.  H. 
ing  carbonic  add  to  tne  air 

JtMtfe     ftfM  :-.'.:',   " 
a  gtren  rolume  of  air  to 


• 


another,  according  to  thomat  T.  P.  R  Wi 

by  operating  on  two  tampttt  of  the  textile  ma- 

teriaVuttog  a  tolutioo  ofcMttic  toda  to  one 

ate  -uii-r 

On  boUing,  the  wool  v 

eata.  while  the  cotton  will  be  left,  Inthewcood 
cate  the  cotton  will  be  iwnovtd  while  the  wool 
•ID  U  :,ft.  Tl,  Ibrr  ,:,  ••  :.-,;.;  •  • 

p  further  »xamtnat ion  if  required.    If  a 
•ample  be  hotted  for  tome  time  to  SW  F^  the 
ipmlemi  u-  rvbbtd  o  •  •  d  .-•   ••....•.?,      • 
ton  will  only  be  ivndered  alightly  tewoV 
course  to  thto  catt  the  character  of  the  wool  at 
i*inutU  staple,  etc..  will  be  Jo*.     If  a  Munple  be 

-i   :  '•        :      .-•  '    ."         •  •          '         .'       ' 

for  tome  time  to  a  warm  place  the  cotton  wifi 


fc^^         a  _  ^^. a  afn^  »  —  —  ^1        «Aeiev4e&^       a-av^ 

DC     (MHTOTOQ*       VO    WVMUOf     MK1     UrjmM    UN 

weight  of  wool  to  obtained.    The  Iota  b  due  to 
cotton,  tiat,  tlarch,  mineral  mart  or,  otr 
dved  mixture*  may  be  boiled  to  a  weak  tnlwtlum. 
•ay  of  Mtto.    Wool  taktt  a  fatot  pink  color: 

£!rtt^tiiMaalawAlyttoataimi 


many 


ml 

•     •• 


• 


1  in  the  hand. 


or  of 


near  boiling,  the  metalt  are  at  once 
at  tulphidea,  while  only  the  fatotett  'odor  of 
phurrted  hydrogen  to  perceptible.  After  cool- 
Ing  and  flltiring  the  filtrate  U  found  to  contain 
.  -e  of  the  metalt.  The  com  till  tan  ttt  and 
rapidity  of  the  reaction,  particularly  in  the  eata 
of  arsenic,  to  one  of  its  ttrongett  nioommawilt 
tiona,  Thio-aoeUc  add  it  rtadily  prepared  by 


which  are  known 


la^n^1  addrCat  at  Ihe 


-          •'      '   '     •    •-      -  :  '  -      ' 


wttfctota* 


uee  ther  are  rwulUof  vitoJm> 
ttote  thai  akonol  feaprodnct 
ofthefMtlaot:  wVtlethe 


CHEMISTRY. 


administered  for  experimental  pur- 
posss  are  excluded  because  natural  products 
only  are  contemplated.  The  artificial  forma- 
tion of  natural  products  hssmn  with  obstrvm- 


aristaf  from  experiment*  n.-t    primarily 

«d  to  that  end.     It  WM  not  till  the  • 

of  ohsmtnal  structure  had  riarn  t<>  tin-  rank  of  a 
guide  that  the  more  complicated  syn- 
i  rendered  possible  by  more  exact 
An   understanding  i*  needed  as  to 
b  meant  by  an  ornnic  synthesis.    There 
trs  to  be  an  impression  among  many  chem- 
ists that  a  synthesis  is  effected  only  when  ;, 

up  from  simple  molecules.    If  the 
,3m  can  be  formed  directly  from 
its,  then  the  synthesis  is  supposed  to 
:  but  the  great  interest  of  all  syn- 
thetic work  arises  from  our  being  able  bv  labo- 


to  obtain  compounds  which  are 
ired  in  Nature's  laboratory— the 
living  organism.  Now.  if  we  confine  the  notion 
of  tyntheais  to  the  building  up  of  molecules  from 
simpler  molecules  or  from  atoms,  we  exclude 
one  of  Nature's  methods  of  producing  many  of 
those  very  compounds  which  we  claim  to  have 
synthesixed.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  a  large 
proportion,  if  not  a  majority,  of  the  natural 
products  which  have  been  prepared  artificially 
are  not  synthesized  by  the  plant  in  the  sense 
of  building  up  at  all.  They  are  the  results  of 
the  breaking  down— of  the  degradation—of 
complex  molecules  into  simpler  ones.  The  au- 
thor urges  therefore  that  if  in  the  laboratory  we 
arrive  at  one  of  these  products  by  decomposing 
a  more  complex  molecule  by  means  of  suitable 
we  have  a  right  to  call  that  a  synthe- 


sis, provided  that  the  more  complex  molecule 
which  gives  us  our  compound  can  be  in  its  turn 
syntbeaued  by  no  matter  how  many  steps  from 
to  constituent  atoms.  What  evidence  is  there 
that  any  one  of  the  180  compounds  which  have 
been  prepared  artificially  is  produced  in  the  or- 
ganism by  a  direct  building  up  f  Is  not  the  op- 
posite view  quite  as  probable  f  May  they  not 
from  the  simplest  to  the  most  complex  be  prod- 
not*  of  the  degradation  of  still  more  complex 
molecules  f  It  must  be  remembered  that  a  com- 
pound or  mixture  of  a  highly  complex  proteid 
nature— protoplasm— is  always  present  in  the 
living  organism  and  is  the  essence  of  the  vital- 
ity. Supposing  that  the  products  in  question 
are  formed  by  chemical  actions  upon  this,  there 
is  no  such  process  as  the  direct  combination  of 


dead  molecules  to  build  up  a  complex  substance, 
but  everything  must  paw  through  the  viul  mill. 
The  supposition  that  chemical  synthesis  in  the 
organism  b  the  result  of  the  com) 
highly  complex  molecules  with  simpler  roole- 
oulea,  and  that  the  unstable  compounds  thus 
fuciatnl  then  undergo  decomosition  with  the 


formation  of  new  product*,  may  be  provbionall 
ealledl  the  protoplasmic  theory  of  vital  sy 


In 


y 
syn- 


attempt  of  Dr.  Backhouse  to  produce 
artificial  human  milk,  milk  carefully  collected 
with  due  attention  to  cleanliness  b  submitted 
to  fermentation  by  rennet,  in  the  course  of 
which  a  relatively  rich  milk  *»rum  is  produced 
containing  albumin  and  milk  sugar.  This 
•arum  b  sterilized,  and  cream  b  added.  A  ma- 
terial b  thus  produced  which  closely  resembles 


human  milk,  and  can  be  varied  in  composition 
according  t<.  the  age  of  the  person  u>ing  it.  or 
according  to  what  lie  needs.  Tin-  author  sug- 
gests that  the  sterilization  of  milk  should,  if 
possible,  be  carried  out  on  the  large  scale  in 
dairies  before  distribution;  and  that  in  this 
way,  better  apparatus  being  to  hand,  more  cl»  -an  1  y 
and  more  effectual  results  will  be  obtained  than 
tin-  Mcrili/ation  is  left  in  the  hands  of 
private  persons.  Dr.  I1.  Frankland  claims  to 

•  r.-par-'d    an   artificial    human   milk    by   a 
similar   but   slightly  different   process — adding 
milk  sugar  to  make  up  the  d«li<  icnry  in  the 
cow's  milk— in  1854,  and  that  his  recipe  has 
been  advantageously  used  in   private  and  hos- 
pital prac  ' 

The  synthesis  of  caffeine  has  been  effected  by 
Fmil  Fischer  and  Lorcnz  Ach,  of  Berlin.  Th'e 
substance  is  obtained  by  a  series  of  processes 
from  the  product  of  the  condensation  of  dimethyl 
urea  and  malonic  aci<l. 

Anew  series  of  iron  nitroso  compounds  de- 
scribed by  K.  A.  Hoffmann  and  <>.  F.  Waft 
affords  fine  examples  of  the  synthetical  produc- 
tion of  complex  inorganic  substance-.  The 
compound  PeVNO)«SiO«I£HiO  is  precipitated  in 
red-brown  leaflets  by  the  action  of  nitric  oxide 
with  ferrous  sulphate  and  potassium  thiosul- 
phate.  This  substance  is  with  ditticulty  soluble 
in  water,  and  gives  a  grecni.-h-yrlli.w  solution, 
without  decomposition,  when  dissolved  in  con- 
centrated sulphuric  acid.  Ammonium  and  so- 
dium compounds  of  similar  composition  and 
properties  have  been  prepared.  The-e  com- 
pounds are  classed  as  salts  of  dinitrosoferrothio- 
sulphuric  acid.  Cobalt  compounds  can  be  ob- 
tained, in  which  cobalt  replaces  the  iron,  but 
with  greater  difficulty. 

A  compound  of  aluminum  chloride  with  ben- 
zovl  chloride  has  been  obtained  in  large  crys- 
M.  I'. -rrier.  Such  compounds  are  of 
particular  importance,  in  view  of  the  remarkable 
part  which  aluminum  chloride  lias  been  found 
to  play  in  synthetical  chemistry,  as  affording 
some  insight 'into  the  nature  of  tlie  intermediate 
reactions  upon  which  the  apparently  catalytic 
action  of  this  salt  depends.  The  crystals  'de- 
compose rapidly  in  moist  air,  and  are  instantly 
decomposed  by  water,  forming  an  aqueous  solu- 
tion of  aluminum  chloride,  hydrochloric  acid, 
and  benzoic  acid.  They  are  readily  soluble, 
however,  without  decomposition,  in  carbon  bi- 
sulphide. The  formation  of  compounds  of  this 
nature  appears  to  be  general  throughout  the 
aromatic  series.  Compounds  containing  the 
aromatic  ketones,  ethers,  and  phenols,  the  <hl<.- 
ride  of  phthallic  acid,  and  the  chloride  of  butyric 
acid  have  also  been  obtained. 

Agricultural  Chemistry.— From  investiga- 
tions of  the  chemical  history  of  the  barley  plant 
carried  on  during  1894  and  1895  on  the  experi- 
mental plots  at  Woburn,  C.  P.  Cross  and  <'. 
Smith  draw  the  general  conclusions  that  the 
conditions  of  soil  and  nutrition  have  very  little 
influence  on  the  composition  of  the  plant;  that 
the  straw  grown  in  wet  seasons  has  a  high  feed- 
ing value,  and  conversely  a  low  paper-making 
value;  and  that  the  compositions  Known  as  fur- 
furoids  are  continuously  assimilated  to  perma- 

•  issue  in  a  normal  season,  but  in  a  very 
dry  season  the  permanent  tissue  is  drawn  upon 


MI.STUY. 


by  the  growing  plant  for  nutrient    material, 

«'»,„•»,    i,    Ordlltarilj    .tra«i,    fr ..M,    MM    •«.:    •  I 


Th,     ,jU,-V..    !.    .-f    BJIMPPJ      !     »  V.      |     .!.      »    •      I    A- 

IMB   tfvtiteted    r.>    IT  '    i  •.          :    I- 
l«aurent  ano  BohloMtac*  MM!  Koob  a?yi  Kornv 


'.-,       ,..-.?. 

-.  •    ;     MTJ 

M    :   |     •.-...•   •• 


to  determining  whether  alga*  in 
set*  the  power  ..f  a~imilat<i,K>  fr,, 
nitrogen  or  not.    Having  suooeeded  in 
lafaafaafk  ipeotoaof algalnastat  .f  ,  .- .-. 
aeyst oooeoui  -be  placed  a  in  a  nu- 

i,,,,',  feu  from  n.trv.v    it  Ballad  •  >sJ BJ 

sign*  of  growth.    i>n  adding  nitrate*   • 
sand,  it  grew  rapi.liv  till  the  added   i 
were  exhausted,  and  then  stopped ;  UM  a*l 

•rt  gave  no  result,  but 
-  the  merest  trace  of 

growth   immediately  ensued.    The 


of  very  different  specs**,  (Vat  from 
chlorophyll,  and   capable  of   faxing   mtrogea, 
•  rta»n  bacteria  of  the  aoll    Tb/aa- 

tfti  JJlsTl  B*H    tftasBBBBBV    l*Is*\fflfa%    ttratasl    ausi     s*\slns1feaw*msY  *n 
trf  t^stlfta?  ttl*%i A iAinaWl  lkV  tlaa>  aMffftafM  ats***!  kw) 

ranihlng  from  UM  dacom insi lion  of  UM 
pneric  carbonic  anhydride   ami  «aur       It  t» 
'  •  * 

neh  •*  su*nff  oe  **»<*rtn  afWl    •  liW*K  in 

war  art  as  food  for  micro-or 
bring,  to  Ax  nitrogen  it  to 
kWj    M   svJtabl    : 


.  •  h  tad  ..  •  .-.*  f-.-  ajM  pni    PJ 

in  nutriUve  e*uUure*  cooUininf  soil 

kind*,  arranged  in  pairs,  beta 
ban  of  each  mole  having  Identical  cone 
except  that  in  the  one  a  small  quant 
tfaxtrost)  WM  added,  while  in  the  other  no  or- 

varioo*,  some  of  t  he  ate  Axing  nitrogen 
cultures  whether  with   or   without  cugar  and 
some  only  in  the  cultures   containing 
while,  generally.  UM  activity   wa*  lar* 
creased  in  UM  sngar-contaiaiBff  cultures, 
all  the  experiment*  UM  oontimsions  are  drawn 
that  at  lea*t  two  alga*— cyst ococcus  and  sticho- 
ooccus    possess  no  •  powers  in  them- 

selves:  that   many  algv,  taken  together  with 
>^rganiains  of  UM  toil  < 


lances  to  contain  some  little 

nous  matter  in  order  to  give  tne  lower  orgaaisass 

ritalhy  necsesmi 

•:   |  •  f  fr,,   ,  .T   |i        I:        ' 


ground  to  occupied.    In  agriculture  tb. 
to  be  aimed  at  to  to  cover  the  soil  wita 

luiunant  in  its  vat 
rate  all  the  rainfall.    Tbe  loss  of  nitrogen 
pounds  to  regulated,  not  by  UM 
the  drainage,  but  by  its 


te     ranace.     ut     y    u  aonaacw.     4 
•  n  dUaW  in  the  aoO  to  either  aarii 
or  loet.    ThtM.  whan  UM  crop  to  avail  UM  fanner 
to  doubly  mjuml-by  the  deficiency  of  UM  prod- 
ocU  obtained  and  bjtoe  mpovwUuMBt  of  ato 


the  power  of  amimilating  organic  nitrogen  ;  and 
that  thto  power  to  much  incwaard  by  the  a.l.li- 


Uon  of  such  organic  substances  as  sugar.  The 
experiments  of  Uurent  and  Schloesing  hsd 
showed  that  if  in  a  culturr  of  alpr  and  bacteria, 
endowed  with  -fixing**  powers,  the  alga)  were 
destroyed.  UM  bacteria  lost  some,  if  not  all.  of 
this  cat  Mint  >  whirh  the  mixture  bad  possessed; 

«!:•!  !h-'    <-\|-  r:  ::.,!i '«,    .  f    I '.«  r  •}.,'..'.(  i  .•»'.':•  r .  ;if  •  i 

Drouin  had  shown  the  importance  of  organ ic 
compounds  to  nit  nH,  m  snob  observa- 

tions as  these  K  h  .ot)<  lu.le*  that  the 

i^hip  which  the  alga)  bear  to  the  micro- 
organisms to  one  oonnected  with  the  orpin ir 
•hese  latter:  and  that  the  alpr. 
iMU-teria.  aj»imi- 

irbobytelt  material.  |*rt  of  which  goat 
nice,  l.ut   |«rt  also  to  that 
-o-organtoms.    Tbe  relation  to  tbere- 
f 

'i  each  supplies  the  want* 
Tne  conclusion*  ,lr»w „  bv  M. 


i1.   I»yerhas  made  a  series  of 

nxi-rap-  *n,lity  of  the  root  sap  of  about 
.nt*  in  order  to  measure  the  power  pos- 
sessed bv  plant*  of  dishing  the  mineral  • 

•ic  add  as  an  analytical  soil  solvwt.    Tbe 
of  thto  solution  on  a  number  of  UM  Rota- 
>ito  was  therefore  tried.    Tae  • 

comparative  fertility  of  UM  soil  to  •Jaataii 
obtained  by  the  use  of  saoh  a  i 


of  from  10.000.000  to  tO.OOQ.000  mi- 


hi*  rrwarrhc*  on  assimilable 
trannfonnation*  in  arable  land  are:  1.  that 
abundant  rain*  may  carrv  off  from  rich  soil* 
QOOalderable  an-.  -'.  that 

plant*   ^-r.w.Hk:  01   thl   lOfl    IM    ll        '     Bfl 
tbtokw:  3.  that  carbon  dUulphide  am* 
action  of  the  nitric  ferment  temporarily  wtta- 
tmmonfcceJ  formtoa 


CHKM18THV 


CHILL 


for  pharmaceutical  purposes  have  bean  found  to 
contain  it.    Tht»  anvntc  i»  derive, 1  from  the  re- 
agents usstl    in  preparing   th*    glyrrrin.      The 
Mpmtftfoti,  largely  entrrtainM.  that  die  arsenic 
oanbeVand  b  removni  by  «li*tillati«»n  i*  <1« 
incorrect  by   J.    !*>«>  .1   manufacturer, 

who  says  that  arsenic  contained  in  . 
.    •    .  ......:  i  ......  ,-.  :,  and  thai  than  li 

no  process  known  to  him  for  completely  freeing 
giyosria  from  arsenic.  Thr  pure  substance,  free 
from  arsenic,  can  therefore  b.-  ..Uain«l  ..,,i> 
from  sourav  where  reagents  not  contaminated 
with  arsenic  ar*  usetl.  It  can  tw  obtained  in 
re  the  fats  an*  hydrolyied  by 


mean*  of  watrr.  »r  in  whi« -h  lim- 
if  employ**!.  Hut  all  glycerin  coining  from 
works  where  sulphuric-acid  saponiflcation  is  used 
ritain  arsenic,  as  the  glycerin  will  extract 
all  the  amok  from  the  sulphuric  add  Arsenic, 
thoofh  the  most  objectionable  one,  is  not  tin 
only Imparity  'Jiat  may  be  f..iunl  in  "chemically 
gtavrin.  Organic  impurities  may  be 
either  fatty  acids,  etc.,  or  what  are  called 
lyglycerols.  under  which  are  summarized  all 


those  substances  having  a  higher  boiling  point 
than  glycerin.  SuiUble  tests  are  prescribed  for 
•  ..-.  •  .'•-.•  .-,•.  - 

Experiments  made  by  R.  T.  Thomson  for 
comparing  the  value  of  formic  aldehyde  as  a 
preservative  with  such  substances  as  boric  acid, 
salicylic  acid,  and  benxoic  acid  show  that  8} 
grains  of  the  40-per-cent  solution  of  formalin 
(the  beat  commercial  form  of  the  substance)  are 
quite  as  effective  in  preserving  milk  as  four 
times  that  amount  of  boric  acid  (at  least  when 
used  as  a  mixture  of  boric  acid  and  borax),  and 
the  same  proportion  of  sal  :.  while  the 

preserving  power  of  benzoic  acid  is  very  low 
compared  with  what  might  be  expected  from 
statements  made  in  text-books. 

Discussing  the  sensitizing  action  of  dyes  on 
gelat mo-bromine  plates,  C.  H.  Il«.t hamly" offers 
evidence  against  Aboev's  view,  that  an  oxidation 
product,  formed  by  the  action  of  h-ht  on  the 
dye.  is  the  active  agent  in  sssisting  the  reduc- 
tion of  the  silver  bromide  by  the  developer.  The 
probabilities,  the  author  h.  Id.  appear  more  in 
favor  of  Kder's  view,  that  the  dye  or  sen 
absorbs  the  energy  of  the  light  waves,  and 
passes  that  energy  on  to  the  silver  bromide  wit  h 
which  it  to  associated,  the  silver  bromide  being 
thereby  decomposed,  and  the  so-called  latent 
image  being  formed.  The  author  added  that  so 
far  as  he  was  aware,  photo-chemical  action  i« 
always  preceded  by  the  absorption  of  light 
waves,  and.  in  the  case  of  colorless  substances, 
a  b  the  ultra-violet  rays  that  are  absorbed  and 
do  the  chemical  work.  Although  the  - 
tative  composition  of  the  latent  image  is  not 
known,  we  have,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  considera- 
bl*  knowledge  as  to  its  prooerUes.  There  is  no 
difficulty  in  determining  the  absorbing  action 
•»ie  smMitiring  effect  on  two  contiguous 
strips  of  the  same  plat*,  and  therefore  under 
strictly  comparable  conditions.  No  relation  can 
be 
its 

Glossing  has  experimented  with  a 
number  of  substance*  with  a  riew  of  finding  a 
paste  for  tipping  matches  endowed  with  the 
properties  of  the  mixture  containing  white  phos- 


phorus  and  not  having  its  poisonous  ]>r  <i»  rtirs. 
..suits  showed  that  it  is  necessary  t..  use 

potassium  rhlorato.  ro<l  plio-pl,,,™*.  ground 
glass,  glui-.  or  its  eouivalent.  ami  that  it  is  not 
a  simple  matter  to  find  a  pcrfe<  t  -ul^titute  for 
the  paste  used  in  tippini;  <  <>min"ii  mat. -he*. 

In  i-\|MTiiiiiMits  <>M  thr  antisi-|itir  properties  of 
•  li-infcctants- mixr-l  with  ilinYn-nt  fnt>  in  tin- 
shajH-  nf  iiintini-nlN  I>r.  Hrcslaiii-r  rxaniin«-«l  «-ar- 
I'olic  arid,  corrosive  sublimate,  Korir  ncid.  ni- 
trate of  silver,  rtr..  in  r..mliination  with  <>jl. 
vaselilM'.  fat.  lanolin  anhydrirum.  lanolin,  and 
unguent  urn  Irnims.  Thr  decree  of  anti^-ptic 
power  possessed  by  thr  disinfectant  was  found 
,•11. 1  in  a  remarkable  manner  upon  the 
particular  diluent  employed;  and  in  all 
the  best  antiseptic  n^iilt^  wi-re  olitained  with 
disinfectants  in  < -oinhinat ion  with  lanolin  or  un- 
gucntuin  lenieiis.  The  author  asserts  that  oil 
and  fats  simply  reduce  the  antiseptic  action  of 
the  disinfectant 

Prof.  Clowes  has  found  that  an  atmosphere 
containing  16*4  p.  r  <  ent.  of  oxygen,  80*5  per 
cent,  of  nitrogen,  and  IM  per  cent,  of  01 
dioxide  will  extinguish  a  candle  flame ;  while  it 
is  still,  according  to  Haldane.  respirahle.  and 
can  even  be  breathed  for  a  considerable  tim>  l>y 
a  healthy  person  without  injury.  An  atmos- 
phere whicn  extinguishes  a  coal-gas  flame,  how- 
ever, appears,  so  far  as  the  proportion  of  oxygen 
which  it  contains  is  concerned,  to  approa <h  the 
limits  of  respirability.  The  author  advi>r->  that 
the  coal-gas  flame  be  . sul »st it ut ed  for  the  candle 
and  lamp  flame  as  a  test  for  the  quality  of  air. 

CHILI,  »  republic  in  South  America.  The 
national  Congress  consists  of  two  branches,  the 
Senate  and  the  Chamber  of  Deputies.  S. -nat ..!•>. 
of  whom  there  are  one  third  as  many  as  th<  re 
are  Deputies,  are  elected  by  the  provinces  for  >i\ 
years;  Deputies  are  elected  l>y  the  departments 
for  three  years.  Every  male  citi/en  twenty-one 
years  of  age  has  a  vote  if  he  can  n  ad  and  write. 
The  President  is  elected  by  indirect,  suffrage  for 
five  years.  The  Cabinet  is  selected  by  the  Presi- 
dent, hut  the  ministers  are  now  considered  re- 
s|Nin>ible  to  Congress. 

Jorge  Montt  is  President  for  the  term  ending 
Dee.  ft,  1^"'..  The  Cal.in.-t  in  the  beginning  ol 
1895  was  composed  of  the  following  mil, 
Interior.  Dr.  M  elver;  Foreign  A  flairs  and  Wor- 
ship. Mariano  Sanche/  l-'ontecilla  :  .lust  ice  and 
I'ul.lic  Instruction,  Federigo  Erra/.urix ;  War 
and  Marine.  Santiago  Aldunate  IJascunan  :  Fi- 
nance, Carlos  Riesco;  Industry  and  Public 
Works.  Manuel  A.  Prieto. 

Area  and  Population.— The  area  of  th.  r. 
public  fa 298,970  square  miles.     The  population 
on  De.  was  climated  atS.'.'i:., 

the  basis  of  the  census  of  1885.  A  corre< -ted 
official  estimate  makes  it  8,365,221,  inclndinj: 
50,000  uncivilized  Indinns  The  population  of 
Santiago,  the  capital,  is  aho.it  'j.Vi.ooO;  that  of 
Valparaiso,  the  chief  port,  is  r,o,000. 

(  omiiK-ree.  ']  •• ...  value  of  th.-  imports  in  !*«»:{ 
was  68^35,874  silver  pesos  (1  peso  =  01  cents) ; 
of  the  exports,  72,245,114  pesos.  More  than  half 
the  total  value  of  exports  represents  nitrate. 
-lief  imports  are  sugar,  cattle,  coal,  and 
cloths.  The  values  of  the  leading  exports  in 
1892  were:  Nitrate,  31,785.060  pesos;  wheat, 
6.196,457  pesos;  iodine,  5,138,460  pesos;  bar 


emu. 


-.-.'    MM 

tula] 


silver  bars,  5.017,800 
86JH6 
barle) 


aMca,— The 
mated   at 


IB   curmry  and 


peSOS; 

4.V<Xl    I  — .-;    «-.l.   4:14.41^  MM* 

.7  pesos;  wheat  floor,  178.171  pesos;  beans. 

*». 
The  trad*    with    the  principal  countries  if 

the  value*  of  the  imports  from  and  eiporu  t  •  • 
saoa: 


i  1  «M7,*»  ir±folti  (lfte  l*PJr  I**0  ••*  *<*t*  BO 


ore.    more  than 


'l\i.-  n.l.-rnal  dtU    a.'i  0«M    ' 

A  new  foreign  loan  of  1^000,000  wa»aulhiria«l 
•  V  guaranteed  on  the  r*venu«  from 
the  nitrate  deposits. 

•iOamptlon  of  sprrlf   l*at  mi-tit*. 

i.»  «  o^pasj  |sj  i-.'.'  pvori  Ml  br  tha* 


from  Jan.  I.  \*#, 
..f  Mate  and  guaranteed  hank  Dotes  at  the  rate  of 


.-There  were  entered  in  1808  at 
^•JTports  8JMO  vessels  of  all  kind*  of  0.001 , 

:*;-.•  -.:.-,  .i.,i  Bit**  i  Mn  oi  MpMtt  •  i 

The  l« '!iiii»j»'«-  rnli'fvd  of  tt^wMK  in 
nuifr**  MM  ^  ajfi  lyre?  of  « 
<  .-..  iaa  HsilQ 
The  merchant  marine  oo~  Jan.  1.  1804.  oon- 

30.  of  i 

-The  length  of  railroads 
in  1809  was  I.7S6  miles,  of  which  the  Gown- 

The  iio  vernment  in  the  beginning  of  1804  It  ad 
6JNO  ..  .,>  ,  '  fctlMnpbit  SS  OM  nflai    ' 

Ihiring  1808  there  w 
tesHtriphed.    The  rail  roads  and 

(natal  traffic  for  1802  wan:  I 
408*507;  postal  card* 
newspapers  and  printed  matter.  24,706.82'> 


amounU^n  July  U  1804.  to  10366,000  peaos! 
It  was  intended  to  resume  specie  payment*  on 
July^  1.  1806,  paper  currency  to  cease  to  he 


we*  to 


The  Ar»r.—  The  regular  army  ooncbU  of  7 
regiment*  of  infant  r  valry.  3  of  artil- 

and  the  com  of  engineer*.    The  law  of 
I,  is:.-,  rwtiioki  UM  nnnbei  to  6,000  men. 
There  are  586  regular  army  officer*.    The  Na- 
1  8M  ooosbted  of  42,120  infantry 
and  8,070  art  ii: 

nt  hat  purchawd  a  Urge  num- 
;.|.  tannoii.     The  tactioi,  ducipline, 


law  of  1802  provided  for  a  system  of  currency 

I«M*1  on  pi  .Id    whu-h  »h"uld  »-.-rnr   itit<.  UM- «i 

for  more  than  20  pesos.  The  gold 
be  the  unit  of  value,  the  dublon  or 
having  the  same  weLbt  and  iasoess  as  the 

h.h   -M-p-urn.     In    I-M  MM   ,f  a,    iHsJbil 
the  plan  of  conversion  were  rhinged     It  was 
decided  to  redeem  the  paper  note*  at  the  rate  of 
r  peso  on  and  aft.  INOO.    The 

Government  was  empowered  to  coin  silver  in  the 

>,.,    •       f  !  r.       v-    ,"     •.•'.»•  '       '  ••      •• 

pesos   or  dollars.  0«8  toe  and  weighing  it 

:  ,   ,: .   ..  '  :.      /  *-,,,       ': 


lenr, 

K.I.. 


<innv  ha\r  been  improved 
• 

an  officers. 

The  Naff.— The  Chilian  navy  in  the  begin- 
ning of  1805  consisted  of  1  battle  nhip.  1  ar 
ooaftt  guard.  1  armored  cruiser.  4  second-class 
cruisers,  10  small  cruisers  and  gunboats,  and  1 1 
torpedo  boats.  The  MCapitan  Prat."  of  6,000 
tons  displacement,  has  a  s|*ed  of  1H*  knots,  and 
u-,..i.-  ridi  artn.T  hsj  itoBMj  btftwOai  h 

net  guns  in  the 
the  stern,  and  01 

ii-inch  .Miick.flring  pane.  The 
cruiser  ~  Almirantr  Oochnne,"  of  idOO  tons, 
has  O-in.-h  plates  and  carric*  6  18-ton  and  4 

H.      The 

-  Esmeralda.*7of  3.000  tons,  carries  9  24-ton  and 
a  guns,  and  can  steam  1*  knots.    The 
pcsideoteKmu  Prraideote 

of  2.080  tons,  have  a  speed  of  10  knota. 


treasury  was  oblige* i  -e  them  in  any 

amount  for  taxes  or  other  obligations,  and  also 
to  redeem  them  in  gold  when  presented  at  the 

The  new  act,  which  passed  both 
in  May.  provided  for  a  system  of  banl 
guaranteed  by  the  Of» vernment,  Gold 
coins  and  credit 


the  resumption  of  specie  payments  on  the  day 
fixed.  The  proceed,  of  the  'new  loan  were  ajp- 
plied  to  thiT  operation,  for  which  the  pabfie 


r*  for  the  year  baring 
87.<OOOJOOO  neens  and  the 
10,000,000 


plus  of  10.000.000  pesos  or  over.  There  was  no 
great  demand  for  the  new  gold,  and  exehanjt  «a» 
mained  steady,  bat  the  gofl  began  gradaafly  to 

.•<-, 


is  surpassed  bv  the  new "  -  Rlaneo 
da."  i-s  launched  at  Bbwkk  in  Sep- 

temlvr.  l>*i«.  which  make9  nearly 
hour  with  natural  draught. 

TTOU  XXXV. — 0   A 


Cabinet  occurred  in  April. 

MinEter  of  War.  and  Seftor  Valdet  y  Valdetan- 

•...      ,  .       .  N-    -.-'!•      \s  ..: 

The  (  abinrt  thus  ct«stituted  was  partly 
ami  nartlr  RadioaL    The  party  of  Bel 
»e  Uheralt  wej«  dsnioawJ  to  enter 
•liBtoral  alliance  for  the  coming  presidential 

.        .  .-         ;..••••      r.v.    :..:•:  :      -     .'      , 
from  the  appointment  by  Prmdent  Monti  of 


•• 


verT«  of 


'  '    • 


CHINA. 


dent  of  the  BOOM  of  Deputies,  after  making  one 
attempt,  would  not  und.-rt 


• 
•:. 


The  crisis 


Marly 


month, 

for  n  fusion 

of  the  Liberal  parties.  One  of  the  Radical 
SeAor  Keratianvn.  then  undertook  to  organise  a 

•n  Aug.  1  as  fol- 
low*: Minister  of  the  Interior,  Dr.  Reoabarren ; 


Minur  of  Foreign  AfT«, 

,  •    r  ..,.     .      J,r     M    !,.:      M:-.:.:.r    al  War   MM-! 


\«M-jt  v  Vnld,/:  MIIII-I.T 
Handles  Fontecifla;  Minister  of  Public  Works. 
Perils  Haii ia  The  new  Government  made  toe 
same  promises  that  the  ministry  had  that  was 
overthrown,  including  pledges  of  noninterfer- 
ence in  election*,  conversion  of  the  public  debt, 
and  the  fulfillment  of  all  treaty  obligations.  It 
was  proposed  to  raise  a  loan  of  90,000,000  pesos 
f..r  national  defenses  and  the  development  of  the 
annexed  province*.  A  railroad  is  to  be  built  to 
Tarapaca,  and  a  harbor  made  at  Constituent!. 
and  Talcahuano.  where  the  Government  has  con- 
structed a  great  dry  dock,  is  to  be  strongly 
f  •  •,  . 

Prnvlirn  Relations— A  joint  commission  ap- 
pointed to  delimit  the  Argentine  frontier  came 
together  in  the  summer  of  181*5.  but  made  no 
progress  in  the  actual  work  of  delimitation. 

The  claims  of  British  subjects  for  damages 
arising  oat  of  the  civil  war  of  1891  were  sub- 
mitted, under  the  terms  of  a  convention  con- 
cluded on  Sept  88, 1808,  to  a  mixed  commission, 
which  met  on  Oct.  84, 1894.  Claimants  had  to 
present  their  memorials  within  six  months  from 
•  .-  .• 

(  III  N  \.  .-in  empire  in  eastern  Asia.  The  Gov- 
ernment is  an  absolute  monarchy  regulated  by 
historical  precedents  and  th<  <  <>nfueian  princi- 
ples of  morality.  The  Manchu  or  Tsing  dynasty 
has  reigned  since  1644.  The  Km jK-ror  chooses 
his  heir  from  among  the  sons  of  his  first  three 
wires.  The  present  Emperor,  who  reigns  under 
the  stvle  of  Kwangsu.  which  means  continua- 
tion of  splendor,  was  proclaimed  irregularly,  his 
ancle  and  predecessor  having  died  a  minor  wit  h- 
odt  leaving  a  legal  successor.  He  was  born  Aug. 
2. 1872,  being  the  son  of  Prince  Chun,  the  seventh 
ton  of  the  Emperor  Tarkwang.  and  came  to  the 
throne  after  the  death  of  the  Emperor  Tsaichun, 
Jan.  12. 1875.  under  the  direction  of  his  aunt  and 
adoptive  mother,  the  Empress  Dowager  Tsu  -IN. 
mother  of  the  late  Emperor,  who  retained  her 


title  of  oo- 
the  death  of 


sole  Regent  upon 
in  L86Land 


:--..,--  KM,. 

the  Empress  Dowager 
the  final  voice  in  important  decisions. 

The  office*  in  the  Imperial  GovemffiflBl  and 
in  the  administration  of  the  provinces  are  con- 
ferred upon  mandarins  who  show  in  exam  mu- 
ttons excellent  scholarship  and  literary  style 
formed  on  the  model-  ^ic«l  writers  of 

history,  poet rv.  and  political  nnd  ethical  philoso- 
phy. Only  tho  Ittrrnh.  men  who  have  passed 
the  literary  examinations,  of  which  there  are 
many  grades,  are  eligible  to  civil  office  ;  but  ap- 
pointment* and  promotions  depend  not  merely 
on  literary  proficiency,  but  upon  personal  fitness 
and  proved  administrative  ability,  often  too,  it 


ifsaid,  upon  fnv..ritism.     Tln-iv  i<  n  Tsuiii:-Tu. 
i.r  Governor-General, over  tin-  capital  ]>n.\m.v 
hili  and  nv.-rtln-   Lianu'-Kian^,  Min-(vlic, 
Liang-Hu,  Chan-Kan,  l.ia  .  ami  Vun- 

Kwe  groups  of  provinces  and  over  Szcclnim, 
whilr  ea«'hpr.'\iin-r  has  its  Sun-l-'u.  orGKjTemor, 
These  officers  and  the  local  officials  are  almost 
Independent  of  tin-  Imperial  Government,  which 

has  little  to  (i..  \viih  (hi*  pniplr  in  LT-'II«  ral.  but 
they  an- In-Ill  a<-«-«iuntHbl«-by  tin-  rminil  auihori- 
tit-s  fortheir  maniirr  <>f  ailiiiinist ration,  ami  may 
be  removed  at  any  tii  i-;ul.-.|  in  otlicia'l 

rank  or  punishiMi  r\m  with  d.-capitat imi  f,.r 
Wrongdoing  whil.-  on  the  other  hand  a  virtuous 
and  successful  adiiiiiii>trati..Ti  brings  n-ward-. 

I  iii.Micrs.-'nic  r.-vcnuc  of  tin-  Imprrial 
:.iuriit  is  derived  from  a  land  lax  yielding 
about  80,000,000  haikwan  taels  a  year,  the  ri.-e 
tribute  worth,  on  t he  average, 2,800,000 taels,  the 
salt  levy  estimated  at  9.600,000  taels.  tin-  native 
oostom  yielding  0,000,000 1 
opium  and  other  goods  that  gives  about  11,- 
000,000  taels,  licenses  producing  2,000,00" 
and  the  maritime  CUM..IIIS  under  foreign  Mip«-r- 
vi>i«»n.  to  which  an  additional  tax  <>n  opium 
has  been  added  which  import. -r>  have  ih.-  option 
of  paying  in  lieu  of  likinor  transit  duti.--.  The 
total  revenue  is  supposed  to  be  from  75,00o.ui»o 
to  78,000,000  taels  a  year.  The  cu.-ti.mhouse 
returns  are  the  only  ones  that  an-  <.lli(  ially  pub- 
lished. The  receipts  from  ma riti m.  customs  in 
1893  amounted  to  81,989,800  haikwan  ta. -Is  in- 
cluding 5,362,738  taels  from  tin-  rommutrd 
likin  tax  on  opium.  In  cm.  ri:<  IK  i.  <  il 
ernment  has  compelled  wealthy  ollicials  and 
others  to  contribute  money  for  the  relief  of  its 
necessities.  The  sale  of  brevet  titles  is  another 
occasional  source  of  revenue. 

The  first  foreign  loans,  amounting  to 
£2,225,000  sterling,  were  contracted  at  8  per  cent 
in  1874  and  1876  and  secured  by  the  customs. 
In  1884  and  1886  silver  loans  amounting  to  £3,- 
755,000  were  obtained,  and  in  1887  a  loan  of 
£250,000  was  raised  in  Germany.  Early  in  1895 
a  war  loan  of  £3,000,000  was  obtained. 

Commerce.— The  imports  for  1893  were  offi- 
cially valued  at  151,362,819  haikwan  taolsniic 
exchange  value  of  the  tael  was  nearly  $H  in- 
cluding 1,964,000  taels  of  re-exports,  and  the 
exports  at  116,632,311  taels.  Allowance  being 
made  for  costs  incurred  after  landing  and  for 
expenses  of  shipping  to  be  added,  the  value  of 
the  imports  was  about  129,250,000  and  of  the 
exports  181,950,000  taels.  This  does  not  im  ludc 
a  considerable  trade  that  is  carried  on  in  (  liin.  s.« 
junks  not  subject  to  the  control  of  the  maritime 
The  directtrade  with  various  countries 
was  as  follows : 


Indte 


Ota*  •saatriM 

Total.  . 


104,000 

•J4K  ...... 

•_'.-«  4.,  MM, 

1,882,000 


48,290^)00 

1  I.MS..MNI 


0^88,000 

6^000 


T!,.-  r  ::  vjaj  *.  R    ->;,  >  %: ..,.  .  f  •  ?..    , ..... 

,    ••  -     :.  -.  ,.-..  •   :    ,„   - 

• 

...       •  .         -     -,,,..,     •  ,;;,.., 

r  values  were  as  follow:   Tea, 
WML1S8  taeb;  raw  silk,  «9.8ftM»' 

tr»w   braid. 


tO  handle 


.•      .       . 
no  heart  to  fig) 

and  ran  away  before 


ofnoers  and  ran  away  before  the  enemy  earn*  IB 
»ihu   The  iJaUooaOroopsor  ai^vof  tWGrwaa 


117.000,  the  Tibetaa 

r ,    ...... 


;  tobacco,  1,304,000  taeb; 
il  =  1884  pounds),  of  which  8« 

,    ..-       ,.-,       -•     ;;-•:     '         I    -   .     .  -      .,,     ' 

MMOTtottr 

•  if  IMS  there  were  17.901 

'  M  .:--:•.  I    ...:•••    land     m*  lal 

rv    |lf,t,,h;    U..'7"    ..f 


L  Janaaamt  It7,oi 


.»94ttO  torn.    Shanghai 
.:.  ;  638.    lioai.  6  flo 
f  dM.6H7  too*, 

\..,,.   ...     ,,? 


The  Naff. -The Paf-Y 

r-.ii,  th«-   odl    •  fl" 

Upan.    The  P< 
4  unprotected  steel 
Sraboato.4 


to  the  Pet-Yaag  sqaadron.  and  w*s  rammed  end 
Mink  by  her  cot. 

d^vortog  to  escape  from  the  battle  of  ilai-Ymv 
Tao  or  the  Yalu  on  Sept.  17.  1«M.  Another 
cruber  that  joined  the  northern  fleet,  the  -  Yans> 

\A  n>n     mmlt  ,im*     tx> **     Jm L 1-  -    * i_T_ 

>^  v  •  . 

A|^^  ^Afmi  imMM^MnMtfit       *ff*ft^A  ^^AMt^Mi  aV^ftllA  jv^^* 

•      '    :  .  .•'•    .•.:'..-. 

hai  flotilla  has  1  armored  frigate.  1  jrnn- 
floating  batteries,  and  8  traaepncta.   The 

•          - 


*T*a»  Join*  U»  Brttfafc 

l  the  Kuauan  tratifcon- 


.—The  onlv  railroads  yet 
built  «rv  the  in..-  fr. m  the  Kaiphinc  coal  mines 

It  "..    !'.  •  y  j  r...  :.  i|  i    :i        |]    rOJM      :.    •:  •     •> 

graphs  now  connect  all  the  principal  cities 
posts  on  the  front  i. 

rt  Arthur 

il  telegraph  at  iu  terminus  in  the  Amur 
district.  In  accordance  with  a  convention 
signed  at  :  i*M.  A  ju 

has  been  made  also  with  the  lines  of  Burmah 

I  in-  Army.— The  Chine-  forces  con- 

sist of  the  Tartar  army  of  Kight  lUnners,  em- 
ployed to  guard  the  capital  province  and  garri- 
son the  chief  cities,  and  the  Ying- Ping  or  n- 
tional  army.  The  Manohus  or 
Bight  Banners  enjoy  various  privileges. 


thrr*  bait  »hi|*  of   thb   aqoadron    wrr»  tb* 

•  K,  l!u..\:.     •:      •  K  .  .-  .•  . 

M  Kwmnf-Pinf,"  which  wer«  altachrd  to  th« 

northern  aqnadron  at  the  bMiaaiiw  of  the  war. 


*.    They    an 


than  •.«....-.  „*  ft    Pelda  roerd    t  laV 

000.  are  instructed  in  modern  warfare  and  pro- 

m  )-    prypaW 


Of  these,  the  -  Kwang-Vi w  was  so 

afterward  destroyed  by  the 
-  Kwang-Chia  -  was  run  ashore  in  attempting  to 
escepefrom  the  battle  of  the  Yalu.  andwas 
blown  op  by  the  Japanese;  and  the  MKwanf- 
Ping**  was  surrendered  at  Wet-Hal- Wei  Tie 
Tesseb  of  the  Pei-Yang  squadron  that  were  lost 
in  action  during  the  war  were:  The  •*Tsaa- 
Cheng."  dbpetch  vessel,  taken  off  Asaa,  July  «. 

sunk  at  the  battle  of  the  Yalu ;  a  torpedo  boat 
taken  at  the  fall  .ng.  Yoea.- 

armorclatl   Uttlcahip,  torpedoed  at   Wei-Hai- 
eb.  i,  1895;  - i^i  YoenTbelted  barbette 
-l.-i  at  Wei-ilai-Wei.  Feb.  S.  I8M; 
-Wet-Yaenrtraining  ship,  sunk  at  W< 
Wei.  Feb.  5.  1896;  f  torpedo  boaU 
md  8  captured  after  an  unsacosasfal 

.r   \\...HA:.\\.:.    Krb. 


the  other  forces  are  poorly  paid  and  fed.    Thev 
*r,  reoraitod  from  EE    .  ires!      mm 

-fesaion  b  generally  deetibcd  by  the 

' 

the  direction  of  the  Governors,  to  whom, 
•  Tartar  generab  are  not  subnnlin*u>. 
None  of  the  formations  are  kept  up  to  their 
nominal  strength,  ami  in  many  eases  ther  »r> 
mere  skeleton  organisations.  Officers  have  been 
known  to  pocket  the  |>ay  of  rvgimmu  that  ilo 
not  eibt,  but  which  can  be  improvbed  by  hir- 
ing coolies  when  the  inspecting  officers  make 
their  rounds.  Most  of  the  tmope  sent  to  the 
seat  of  war  to  fight  the  Japanese  were  raw  leries 
recruited  from  the  dregs  of  the  population  and 


WeMIai-Wei  Feb,   16,  18 
armor-clad  batUe  ahi;  .  «•,» 

nm  tun*  aWp;  -  Ptnr>YMa.~ 
7  « 


Pai.»    -Chen- 


with  the  object  of 
with  the  second 
had  beam  sent  by  sea 


CHINA. 


under  Marshal  Ovama  to  take  Port  Arthur  and 
felvanrv  ut»ihr  Liao-Tung  pciiin»ulaaiul  onward. 
when  il  joined  the  other  army,  to  I  Vk  in.  Though 
the  movement  toward  Mukden  wan  of  the  nature 
of  *  Mat*  intended  merely  L.  I...M  ih,-  < 
in  check  and  prevent  their  co-operating  wit  h  1 1..- 
toross  in  the'south.  the  Thine*  massed  95,000 
troon  in  front  of  Mukden  to  defend  the  passes 
lamdlng  to  the  sacred  city  and  sent  down  Gen.  I 
with  the  army  that  guarded  the  Amur  frontier 
to  break  through  the  Japanese  line  of  ootmnu- 
iona,  tn  theexpecUtion  that  these  would  ox- 
frocn  the  Yalu  river  to  Mukden.  Mai.- 
T*uumi.  who  commanded  the  van  of  t  M 
Tight  wing,  broke  and  dUpemed  I*«  forces  an.  lin- 
SSwbed  him«lf  at  Tsio-Ho-Ken.  The  left 
wing  of  Gen.  Xodiu's  army,  commanded  by 

I       ;-..,:      K  ,     .-  .    ,;•-.,:     •   :'     Mu   V,  ...  driv- 

ing  UM  Chinese  troop*  of  Gen.  Seh  and  Gen. 
Tang  out  of  that  place,  a*  they  lia<l  previously 
out  of  Anton*  and  Taku-Shan.  In  December, 
the  march  wae  continued  in  the  direction  of 
heng.  whither  Jhe  <  'liinrM-  had  retreated. 
That  place  was  occupied  on  Dec,  18, 1894,  by 
Maj.-Gen.  Oeeko's  column  after  he  had  defeated 
the  Chfm***  at  Simu-Teheng.  Extending  his 
line  tout  h  wan!  to  Kao- Khan,  he  established  com- 
munications with  the  advanced  guard  of  Mar- 
thai  Oyama's  army,  which  occupied  Foochow  on 
Dee.  ft,  and  captured  Kaiphing  on  Jan.  10, 1895. 
The  united  Japanese  armies  were  in  face  of  a 
force  of  about  60.000  Chinese,  consisting  partly 
of  the  troops  that  had  been  fighting  Gen.  Nod- 
TO'S  army  and  retreating  all  the  way  from  the 
Yalu  river,  nartly  of  Gen.  Sung's  army  that  had 
fallen  !•»<  k  before  Marshal  Ovama,  partly  of  the 
garrison  of  Xiuchuang.  and  partly  of  a  Mongo- 
lian detachment  that  had  recently  arrived.  These 
forces  were  posted  to  guard  Kraohoang  and  its 
port  and  the  roads  hading  into  China  proper. 

The  Japanese  troops  that  occupied  Foochow 
under  the  command  of  Gen.  Nbgi,  were  trans- 
ported by  tea  from  Fort  Arthur.  Kaiphing  was 
token  after  a  severe  fight  with  <  i.-n.  Seh's  garri- 
son of  6.000  men,  who  were  attacked  on  both 
The  Japanese  losses  were  46  killed  and 


268  wounded.  About  2.000  Chinese  were  killed 
or  wounded.  A  force  of  10,000  troops  was  com- 
ing op  to  re-enforce  Gen.  Seh  when  the  retreat 
began,  and  meeting  the  retreating  soldiers  it 
faced  about  and  retired.  The  frost  and  snow 
of  the  invaders  slow  and 
Re  enforoementi  were  sent  to  Gen, 
Song,  who  reported  that  his  force  was  at  the 
mercy  of  the  Japanese.  The  Japanese  made  no 
further  advance,  and  the  Fekin  authorities  were 
led  to  believe  that  they  were  weakened  by  dis- 
ease and  exposure,  and  that  with  new  troops  and 
a  new  commander  the  fortunes  of  war  would 
nssmgi.  Therefore  an  embassy  that  was  about 
jodepftft  for  Japan  to  sue  for  peace  was  de- 

When  Prince  Kung  was  called  to  power,  after 
of  Li-IIung-Chang  from  all  his 


except  the  Viceroyalty  of  Fechili,  he 
d  to  introduce  reforms,  and  asked  the 
advice  of  the  Vicerov.  Every  scheme  that  was 
suggested  was  vetoed  by  the  ignorant  and  in- 
competent Grand  Council.  But  after  Prince 
Knng  was  made  the  head  of  this  bodv.  while 
retaining  the  presidency  of  the  Tsung-Li -Ya- 


men,  the  Viceroy  Li  was  restored  in  part  to  his 
former  position  of  dignity  and  influence.  The 
Km  press  Dowager  gave  support  to  the  efforts  of 
Kung.  her  former  ninny,  to  extricate 
China  from  its  difficulties  with  tin  help  of  her 
old  ally.  G  llannocken  was  intrusted 

with  the  reorganization  of  the  army. 

In  the  14  land  battles  and  2  naval  engage- 
fought  up  to  the  end  of  1894  the  Japa- 
nese lost  480  killed  and  1.71'J  wounded,  whi- 
ttle Chinese  lost  6,676  killed  and  0,606  wounded. 
The  war  material  taken  by  the  Japan* 
eluded  670  Krupp  guns  with  2,601,741  rounds 
of  ammunition,  and  7,64T>  rifles,  with  77,458,785 
rounds,  8,826  tents,  and  477  stands  of  colors. 
Over  90,000  bushels  of  rice  and  grain  also  fell 
into  their  hands,  and  about  $1,000,000  in  gold 
and  silver.  The  total  plunder  was  valued  at 
.'.(XX),  and  th«-  buildings,  armament,  and 
plant  at  Port  Arthur  were  estimated  at  $70,000,- 
000.  The  naval  prizes  were  2  gunboats  and  a 
steel  cruiser,  besides  steam  launches,  jnnl 
sailing  vessels.  One  ironclad  and  8  steel  cruis- 
ers had  been  sunk.  The  territory  occupied  was 
double  the  area  of  Japan. 

Liu-Kun-Yih,  Viceroy  of  Liang-Kianj:.  was 
appointed  by  an  imperial  edict  command. -r-in- 
cmef  of  all  the  Chinese  forces.  Gens.  II nan. 
Chao,  Weiju,  and  Chang,  who  had  lost  battles, 
went  into  hiding  to  escape  being  handed  over  to 
the  Board  of  Punishments.  Gen.  Weiju  was 
afterward  captured  by  Li-Hung-Chang,  and  was 
beheaded  for  cowardice  and  extortion. 

<  MI  Jan.  17  two  Chinese  forces  marched  re- 
spectively from  Niuchuang  and  Liao- Yang,  about 
14,000  strong,  against  the  intrenched  position  of 
the  Japanese  at  Hai-Tcheng.  They  opened  fire 
with  artillery,  but  Gen.  Katsura  soon  took  the 
offensive  ana  drove  back  the  Chinese,  captur- 
ing 5  of  their  guns.  Gens.  Chang  and  Tui,  the 
two  commanders,  were  killed  in  tne  battle.  On 
Jan.  22  another  attack  was  made  by  12,000  men 
from  Liao- Yang,  who  were  beaten  by  a  Hank 
movement  with  heavy  losses.  Gen.  Nodzu  ar- 
ranged the  defense  in  such  a  manner  as  to  draw 
th«  <'hinese,  who  were  led  by  the  Tartar  Gen. 
Chang-Shim,  within  650  yards  of  his  line,  where 
they  were  suddenly  attacked  in  the  right  flank 
by  a  brigade  of  infantry  and  three  out 
Gen.  Seh  advanced  on  the  same  day  from  the 
port  of  Niuchuang  with  10,000  men  and  a  strong 
force  of  artillery  to  attempt  the  recapture  of 
Kaiphing.  An  artillery  engagement  took  place 
on  Jan.  24,  which  ended  in  the  rout  of  the  <  hi 
nese,  who  worked  their  guns  well  until  they 
were  demoralized  by  the  shrapnel  bursting 
among  them  and  killing  a  great  number,  while 
the  Japanese  gunners  suffered  little,  being  un- 
der cover. 

On  Feb.  16  the  Chinese,  16,000  strong,  un- 
expectedly attacked  the  position  at  Hai- 
Tcheng,  and  were  beaten  by  the  more  accu- 
rate artillery  fire  of  the  Japanese  with  a 
loss  of  over  150  men.  On  the  21st  another 
attack  was  made  by  12,000  men  of  all  arms  on 
three  sides  of  the  Japanese  position,  but  the 
Chinese  were  never  able  to  come  to  close  quar- 
ters owing  to  the  steady  and  well-directed  fire 
Izu's  artillery.  On  the  24th  an  at- 
tempt was  made  by  7,000  men  to  surprise  the 
Japanese  left,  and  later  in  the  day  an  attack 


<  'IIP,  K 


- 


was  delivered  on  the  main  position  by  18.000 
mea.  with  *0  guns.    A fter  enertUlery  Sue*  the 


lorn  of  270  upon  I  he  enemy. 

L-Intbe 
week  of  January.  18M.  A  t  hint  army,  numbering 

a.-     /     lM    '•••       3         .'     &    I  •    KfH     .:•     • 

varioMMtete 


about  85,000  men.  set  out  from  Japan  in  80  the  Chinese  men-of-war,  none  of  which  eoold 

transport*.    The  troops  landed  at  varioot  points  gettherange.   The  Japanese  etvisers  M  Hani  we," 

•  ti»8ta»Tn*pS*»«ji >»;•>.  ib<    fafcotoi  --Ak.--,-.    ,    ,-:    K,--.-,,      • 

eiosing  in  npon  the  naval  fortress  of  Wei-llai-  long  range  to  draw  the  fire  of  the  (abate  off  the 


u  >  .  MM   in  .-.•-•  M  bg  ••••  •     matl     •.'•»• 

At  Purt  Arthur.     Marshal  - 
over  with  hi*  »u(T  from   I'.-rt  Arthur 


§jtj  jatumtd  direction  of  the  flfTreAfflML 
the  J.|*ne*e  snipe 


ti..i>     f  •!.. 


bom- 

io  ord. 

"M 
8« 


of  the  Sendai  division  and  the  men  of  the  Ks> 
memoto  division  had  peeesd  by  this  fort  u>  take 
upsUlionsonthehaUo^rlookingtheseabet, 

ft^^^^A        *!*•*%    B^M^Mftft^A    fl^M^Mvff  I  m  IM.  I  !•    t  A   mm^m^m  ••  M 

MvMK    *  wv  mimuMM  iwevMy  mm*  w  eDBsmnwtl 

tftkA       ^»M«§^BA^Hi       A«*Mflto*AAit        ^m^^^      Aflb^        ^       ^.i          i      fc 

»we  uMBawaru  afiprasjca  were  urm  sumnea  oy 
the  Kamamoto  men,  who  immediately  tnmeo 
the  gun*  on  the  Chinese  fort*,  and  were  Celled 

SJ 

•;; 

lone  range  to  draw  the  fire  of 

land  force*,  and  were  aaswered  by  the 

Uitorie*.    The  magatine  of  the  norU 

l.ut  onr  ..f  the  N  ,,,,.lrn,  f-rt,  -a.  cM.I,.!c.i  »,»  a 

ug  shell,  ilemolielilni  the  stroctore  and 
killing  all  the*  deft 


r-      .'        .      .    •    ,    •     •          :.•.'•-:. 

fwlW 


and  down  in  front  of  the  forta, 
the 


i  .1  : 


<         .  •:       r.   ..      •-;,     •.,. 

Ih0  main  body  under 

milet  east  of  Wei-Hai  Vet  Another  landing 
was  effected  on  Jan.  S4  at  *t  the  same 

yaneeoo  the  other  side  of  the  great  navel 

.:.,.:,    ;.'.  ;  ,;'  V',  ', 

A  force  of  800  SMB.  with  4  Kropp  gans,  had 

t      ftj     I     tJM     'r        .     W,      li,:    \\,, 

when  the  Japanese  war  snips  were  seen  off  the 
promontory.  The  first  boatloads  of  Japanese 
were  landed  unobserved  in  a  snowstorm,  and 
when  the  Chinese  opened  fire  on  the  boats 
MM  gm  •'.  "•  mm  mlpi  i  •  nanlW 
them  to  abandon  their  position,  and  a  bayo- 
net charge  pot  an  end  to  all  resistance  In 

•i,    r  r'.,..-   K       '.'    tMhted    -i,:r     IBfl    B        Th- 

ng-Tcheng  was  occupied  after  a  show 
of  rseistsmiB.  with  a  Urge  quantity  of  arms,  am- 
munition,  and  stores* 

ipanese  fleet,  consisting  of  SO  war  ships, 
ami  90  torpedo  boat*,  took  its  sta- 
rt, at  the  entrance  of  \\ 

harbor.  It  was  many  days  before  the  heavy 
guns  and  all  the  snppOes  and  materials  for  the 
M.V  «•  N  |stesj  •%  r.-  'i !.-  .LI?  m  •  thai  .-» i 
vanoed,  and  drew  a  close  cordon  around  the 
rjdneei  m  agl  Id  on  tb  latjd  -::-,  Ck  Jaa 
•Sand  97  reconnoissenost  were  made. and  the 
rangtwat  tested  by  the  large  and  small  gone  of 

On  Jan.  80  the  Japanese  advanced  undercover 

.ttark  the  eastern  forts  of  Wei- 

<i«  had  apparently  no  pfek- 

ets  out,  and  seemed  to  be  taken  completely  by    disposition  to  meet 
.  when  the  enemy's  Utteriet  opened  fire    of  Chose  who  fled  to 
upon  the  works  at  daybreak. 


another,  in  spite  of  the  shelling  from  the 
NT.    The  Oiiiie«,  unnerved  by  the  tenifle 
explosion,  fled  at  soon  at  they  saw  bayonets  hi 

!i..  OHM  -  fr  M.   ielDftl    ••-  m  f  *r  .  bhtj 

^     •.••'...  A         .     .     'A 

:      '     •  ..'...... 

train*  to  eiptftde   the   remainmg   magasinse, 

^•^i    t Inn    j I JMijiMfii Ijt  mil    I^M   tfnfiA  ftftft    t^M  J^tfw 

W    |UU*«   Mlt     1OV    •  •f* 

Otera  wte^kflled  by  a^frSSient  ofaehell 
ness  war  ehVwhU^ 


roemy  presenteii  a  mark.   The  Kumamoto 
parsned  the  fleeing  CMlstt.  end  the  »eav 

L^S  the  pomim'emerged  from  the  hill* 
for  %M!  killed  80  wfehtts 


19 


There  were  11  powerfnl  pieces  of  artillervleft. 

^«  i . ». 
ion*,     w  nan  expen  gun nerv  were  laoojea  rrom 

the  Japanese  fleet  to  work  the  aft-too  guns,  the 
Chinese  shins  ceased  the  homliafdment  of  the 
fort*  and  sought  the  theller  of  the  island  of 
I . !  u  K  ung-Tao.  The  Knmamoto  brW^^  that 
did  all  the  fighting  lost  only  ao  or  40  men  in 
•'I  .•  (  -  •  -  •  '  •  ...  : 

were  struck  by  shot  and  shell  from  the  shipa 
he  island  fort*.  The  main  body  of  Mar 
•hal  Oyama-s  army  had  taken  the  ronte  over  the 
steep  height*  back  of  the  forta  in  the  eipeetsr 
tfonofflnding  the  Chinese  posted  there  tafone, 
bat  they  met  none  of  the  enemy. 

er  this  battle  had  no 


A  part  of  the  8andai  dirWoo  took  upaneie- 
Tatedpoaition  oppoaiU  Rankako  Shan,  a  hill 
rnmandinir  the  eaatern  land  approach  to 


t  daybreak  t  wo 

-  and.  afler  a  briak' 


nonade  on  both  side*,  the  ftiinatt 
had  distributed  shells  over  a  wide 

r  fire  upon  the  attacking 
batteries,  began  to  weaken,    then  the  infantry. 

had  worked  it*  way  round  through  ravines 

r«0  yards  of  the  posiUonTpour^l  a 

hail  of  musketry  into  thr  irrnchet  and  chaired 

the  already  fleeing  Chinamen.     Pour  Krupp 

field  guns  were  captured. 

.0  center  and  on  the  right  the  main  body 


rare  M<   t§  wi 

**of  the1 


overtoUu-Kuag^aiidthefvcomn 

ff  KA   fl i -»ltt        f  ff  KA    me>«w*w?      1     &^1     IhtW    e%l 

to  attack  the  town  of  Woi-Hai-Wei 
The  vnngtjard  of  the  Sendai  dirt! 
through  the  drifting  snow,  met 


road  Feb.  t. 


134 


CHINA. 


and  had  a  hard  flfht 
When   the  troop?  a 


Wei-Hai-Wei, 
expected't"  find  the  Chinese  army 

' 


where  they  expected  to  find  the 

r,        '  .....   •  '-      .  . 

fff^Hi|  Instead  that  iht  place  had 


town  and  the  adja- 
forts  on  Feb*.   On  Feb.  8  a  bearj 
of  Uu-Kung-Tao  was  begun  on 
.r-nchvl  "Ting.  Yuen  "and 
Ibecroiwr     U  th  two gunboats,  took 

Ml  adit*  i*rt  in  the  defense,  leayfng  the  thelter 
of  the  island  ai.  ,•  «!.-•  fire  ..f  the  Jap- 

anese  cruinpra.  Fort  Zhih  wat  greatly  damaged 
by  UM  Japanese  shells,  and  tome  of  the  Chinese 
whit  The  Japanese  torpedo  flotilla 
a  flnt  unsuoeaNsful  attempt  to  enter  the 
la  UM  night  of  Jan.  80.  The  Japanese 
(tinners  in  the  western  forts  mistook  them  for 
rMissi  craft  and  began  firing,  thus  calling  the 
attention  of  the  Chinese,  and  comix  llin^;  the  tor- 
pedo fleet  to  retreat.  Two  nights  later  they 
Wed  again  to  steal  in,  but  found  that  the  Chi- 
nese  scouts  were  this  time  on  the  watch.  The 
onlr  place  where  they  could  pass  the  booms  and 
mines  was  a  narrow  eddying  passage 
If  it  had  not  been  for  the  booms 
and  torpedo  mines  at  the  entrance  of  the  harbor, 
the  "  IW-Ynen  "  and  "Chen- Yuen"  armor- 
clads  could  have  dashed  out  and  engaged  the 
Japanese  cruisers  with  a  fair  chance  of  success. 
The  bombardment  was  renewed  on  Feb.  4,  and 
in  the  night  the  Japanese  torpedo  boats  succeed- 
ed in  creeping  into  the  harbor  and  disabled  the 


-Ting- Yuen,*  with  the  loss  of  one  torpedo  boat 
and  injury  to  others.  The  firing  was  continued 
the  next  "day.  and  at  i.i-ht  the  torpedo  boats 
again  altered  the  harbor  and,  haying  cut  the 
boom,  they  returned  night  after  night.  They 
attacked  and  sank  the  ••  I*i-Ytien  "  and  a  gun- 
boat,  and  disabled  the  "Ch«  n  Yum."  Another 
snip,  the  -Wei- Yuen/'  was  sunk  by  the  fire 
from  the  eastern  forts.  A  fort  on  the  island  of 
JiUu  that  had  been  renr  active  was  demolished 
on  the  8th  by  toe  explosion  of  the  magazine. 
The  cannonading  was  continued  day  after  day. 
The  Chinese  battered  the  land  forts  till  three  of 
them  were  practically  destroyed,  but  they  could 
not  touch  the  Japanese  ships,  which  the  Japanese 
commander  took  extreme  care  not  to  expose  to 
danger.  On  the  7th  the  Japanese  opened  fire 
at  daybreak  on  tne  north  side  of  the  island,  in- 
tending to  coror  a  landing.  As  the  island  could 


The  J 


Two  cruisers  also  made  their  way  out. 
were  on  the  alert,  and  after  the  tor- 


paboau  had  passed  the  boom  the  "Yc* 
-T*kacWno,--AkiUafw-Chioda,wand  " 


Nani- 

«a"  appeared  at  once.  The  torpedo  boats,  which 
w«*  procmiing  in  two  lines,  broke  their  order 
and  pot  back  at  full  speed,  but  they  were  unable 
to  reach  the  passage,  and  were  almost  surround- 
ed by  the  cruisers, 


SO  knots  to  their 


most  of  which  could  steam 
18.    These  soon  had  their 


quick-firm*  guns  leveled  at  the  torpedo  boats, 
which  broke  through  the  line  before  It  closedin 
upon  them  and  fled  westward  near  the  shore, 
badly  damaged  hy  the  ihot<  fmm  machine  guns 
and  hotly  pursued  by  the  cruisers.  Seren  of 


the  torpedo  boats  were  pv.  1  raptured 

or  sunk,  and  th.-  remaining  6  were  driven  into 
the  inlet*  ami  abandoned,  their  civws  making 
th.-ir  way  across  the  ice  to  the  beach,  where 
most  of  them  were  taken  prisoner-,  of  the 
18  boats  8  were  found  to  be  -uiVu-i.  ntl\  *,.„. 
v  and  \\.  re  M.I.I.. I  to  the  Japanese  fleet. 
The  boom  where  the  Japanese  hud  made  t  In- 
first  breach  was  cut  away,  so  that  free  ingress 
was  assured  at  any  stage  of  the  ti.lr.  The 
"  Chin^- Yuen  "  went  down  on  Jan.  1».  struck  by 
a  shell  from  the  eastern  fort-.  <  >n  the  following 
day  the  Japanese  got  a  mortar  liattery  int..  j.o- 
Mtion  in  th.-  western  fort-,  and  partly  BJ 
the  fort  at  Koto  and  hindered  the  ships  by  an 
exceedingly  accurate  lire  of  shrapnel.  The  big 
guns  of  the  Chit  useless,  owing  to  poor 

gunnery  and  adulterated  powder. 

All  Admiral  Tint's  plans  of  defense  had 
failed.  The  land  forces,  which  could  i 
ed  the  approaches  to  \\Vi-Hai-\V.-i  against  much 
superior  numKcrs.  had  run  away  without  first 
dismantling  the  forts.  Admiral"  Tin^r  had  de- 
cided to  dismantle  both  forts  before  the  tiuhtin^ 
began,  but  the  Chinese  general  refund  to  allow 
it,  and  telegraphed  t<>  IVkin  a  report  of  treach- 
ery. Aft.  r  they  had  fallen  into  Japanese  hands. 
the  guns  of  the  eastern  fort s  prevented  the  (  hi- 
nese  shins  from  ^uardin^  the  harbor  obst ruc- 
tions, and  the  Japanese  torpedo  boats  were  there- 
fore enabled  to  destroy  the  ships  one  after  an- 
other. After  the  loss  of  the  torpedo  flotilla  and 
of  more  than  half  the  fleet,  the  fall  of  the  fortress 
could  not  be  delayed  many  days. 

In  a  letter  addressed  on  Jan.  20  to  Admiral 
Ting,  a  friend  of  many  years'  standing,  b\ 
Admiral  I  to,  signed  also  by  Marshal  <\v;una. 
the  Japanese  commander  begged  the  Chinese 
admiral  to  surrender  and  take  refuge  in  Japan 
until  he  could  return  to  China  to  take  a  lead- 
ing part  in  the  reformation  of  his  country, 
which  could  no  longer  hold  its  place  in  the 
world  if  it  continued  to  pursue  ancient  methods 
ami  to  confide  its  destinies  to  literary  scholars 
trained  only  in  the  traditions  of  a  thousand  years 
ago.  To  this  letter  Admiral  Ting  retained  no 
answer,  deeming  the  proposals  dishonorable. 
On  Feb.  12  he  addressed  to  Admiral  Ito  the 
following  le 

ived  the  letter  of  sujrtfwtipns  addresned  t«.  me 
•  tli.-.-r  commanding  the  united  Japanese  wquad- 
ronn,  but  did  not  reply  because  our  countries 
war.  Now,  however,  haying  fought  resolutely,  hay- 
iiitr  had  my  shipa  sunk  and  my  men  decimated,  I  am 
t"  _'i\  «•  up  the  contest,  and  to  ask  for  a  ces- 
sation of  h<*tiliticH  in  order  to  nave  th.  li\<-  of  my 
people.  I  will  surrender  to  Japan  the  ships  of  war 
now  in  Wei-Hai-Wei  harbor,  together  with  t! 
kung  bland  forts  and  the  ann.iin.iit.  pr-.vH.-.l  that 
my  request  be  complied  with— namely,  that  the  lives 
or  all  persons  connected  with  the  army  and  navy, 
Chinese  and  foreign,  be  uninjured,  and  that  they  be 
allowed  to  return  t<>  t)..-ir  hmncH.  If  this  be  acceded 
to,  the  commander  in  chief  of  t  naval 

squadron  will  become  guarantor.    I  submit  this  pro- 
posal, and  shall  be  glad  to  have  a  speedy  reply. 

iral  Ito  at  once  accepted  these  terms  of 
surrender  and  dispensed  with  the  foreign  guar- 
antee, writing  that  he  placed  implicit  reliance 
niiral  Ting's  assurances  as  an  officer.  A  f t- 
er  writing  a  second  letter  asking  to  have  the 
date  of  the  surrender  postponed  till  Feb.  16, 


CHINA. 


: 


.1    Ting  committed    suicide  by  poison- 

lainplr   *« 

oommander  of  tbe  military  K 


Yang.    Gea.  Xodxn.  now  promoted  field  mar- 


ai.-l  bj 
uaeaf  the 


OM  Lit       IdmireJ   !•      r. 
-war  in  order  that  th.- 


home  in  *taie.  ami  when  tbe  vessel  steamed  out    deft 
harbor  the  Japanese  thine,  manned  their    ha«l 


or  Itactfb 
ing  given 

:.•'.: 


Uart«»r  I  ho  J 

»nd  ami  a  salute  in 


Tbie^OMMf>TI 
g  about  600.no  quarter  be» 
anta.    Gen.  Wu  with  tOjOOO 

..-.....••-:        ..        f-  '  -       .     ' 

,     ;      .    .     ,    •:      |.          •.,.,. 

,.....,,,:•-     .,    :     m     , 


of  tbe  bre»e 

!•  M  • 


v  gunboat  that  rrmaine*! 

Chinese  fleet.    Tbe  foreigneri  in  the  fort 

wie,en  American  dtiien  who  had 

been  taken  off  a  French  merchant  vessel  at 

1-04.  while  on  the  way  t., 

Ouna  to  employ  a  new  explosive  against  tbe 

Ja|«u<ee  fleet  roken  his  parole,  be 

Jai«ne~ 

.-•:.>:.-  ..•!.,..,    1.    . 

whrrr  thr  armaniriit  wa.«  left  in  |-*iti..n. 

Th.-  <  4|>t»         i  Vu.hiianir.     Ifc 
portions  at  H^Tdbeng  andTaiphing 
Insecure  after  tbe  Chinese  had  been  re-« 

from  Mongolia,  of  better  fighting  qualities  than 
most  of  tbose  that  tbe  Japanese  bad 
.,:,-!  kitbarto    8m  N  dS  ! 

•he  forces  that  had  been  engaged  at 

»  nn.  to  assume  the  aggressive  again.    On 

:nese  were  driven  • 
advanced   positions  in   thr  .1  traction  of  Uao- 


depot  of  war  material,  wee  burned  to  tbe 

— -_J     .«Biam*»a»uri  IViam.a»      BSJ  mm     «I.^^St  aw***  A*  i      mvmm^^mA 

MMl   vwWTMUIem    wpp   QflMUy  VQ    m*v*jpl 


\  Negotiations,— In  spfte  of  tbe  con- 
Tiumphs  of  Japanese  arms  and   tbe 
military  helplessness 

timment  preatrved  it*  attitude  of  proud  supe- 
rionty.  ft  assumed  to  place  Japan  in  the  posi- 
tion of  suing  for  peace  by  giving  precedence  to 
tbe  proposition  of  Minister  Dun  at  Tokyo  over 
that  made  by  Minister  Denby  at  Pekin.  After 
t!..  die*  -.,  '.  •!..  a*  |  1-  •-•  ,-  W\  vaal 

•      ii   •  ,   ,    '          •  ;  r        -.,:.-•:. 

reouested   an   armistice,   which    waa   refused. 
Chang'Yen-HuaiL  late  minister  to  tbe  1 
States,  and  Sha, 

hen  named  as  envoys.    Wbentbey* 

and    met   tbe   Japanese  Prime 


at    Hiroshima 


'     -i 


menuthat  thev  brought  did  not  *Ule  U*t  «*b- 

.    /,....  •  .  . 

- ,      .    ;  .  ..    ...      .    .  .  '.    r,    ..  .    .. 

TMnrU-Yamen  for  iMtrnctiona,  ^Tbe  J.,*- 

•     .....    .       .  /         ..... 


;.:;-.;•,.  ../..... 

.:.    ,,:....::.    .,    :    te     ,., 

snip  on  Feb.  8  mtwf  sent  lUfwM. 
After  Wei-Hai-Wei  had  fallen  and  tbe  Japa- 


•t  tbe  cost  of  110  Jaoaneee 

us  rendering  the  nght  flank  secure, 
and  on  March  la  general  advance  was  made  upon 

.o  united  forces  of  Gen.  ' 
:  :imajio.    The  attack  was  made  simul- 
taneouelv  on  the  north  and  southeast  at  dawn 
on  Mar.  li  4.     Aft«-r  a  bombardment  of  two  hours 
tbe  Japanese  infantry  entered  the  citv.  where 
i«  fought  desperately,  hut  w.  n« 
frradually  .Invm  Uirk  from  street  to  strr» 

•  the  Japaneee  were  in  possession  of 
M«  were  blown  up  with  torpe- 
does, and  the  town  was  burned  and  totally 
ruined.  The  Hunan  troope  of  Gen.  Wu-Ta- 
Cbeng  fled  at  the  first  encounter,  leaving  tbe 
bnint  of  the  fighting  to  tbe  forces  of 

and  wounded,  600   prisoners,  18   guns,  many 
banners,  and  great  quantities  of  rifles,  ammuni- 

t-,.  i..  rui.i  pfonaV  M.    Tm  .'.ij  tm  m\  B)WI  .•-•• 

k:  ,.1  au/l    U   :.  i. 

he  same  day  the  Chinese  from  Yin. 

•maiik'.  attacked 

Gen.  NWi's  position  at   Kau.hing.  with   10.000 
men.    Tbe  Japanese  repulsed  them  eaeih 
:ncthrm  «l  and  capture 

n  March  6  wit h  trifling  lorn    Tbegarrisoa 
of  tbe  town  fled  at  first  sight  of  the  Jananese : 

.  few  ineffectual 

abota.    Tbe  troope  of  Gen.  Sung  retired  arras* 

Mwanl.    The  first  ami  second 

armies  were  now  joined  at  last.    IJcnU-Gea. 

Kataura  on  tbe  right  advanced  toward  Uao- 


nese  army  waa  preparing  to  advance  to  tbe 
Urrat  Wall  and  onward  to  Pekin  aa  soon  as  tbe 
ice  should  break,  the  autboritiea  at  Pekin  first 
listened  to  tbe  enemies  of  U-Uung-Cbang.  who 
laid  to  his  charge  tbe  political  dasjmUiatioa 
and  n 
Empress  DowagerTbsi  old  political  ally. could 

.  .          !>!••.    II    I  11^. I^-l. -• 

not  save  nun  irom  ojsgrece,  tie  wue  suippeu 
of  his  honors  and  of  all  his  offices  save  tbe  Vice- 
roy«  :ie! 

>»nce  repealin 
in  th«-  bandaol  <  » 
they  should  be  armed  with  jingak.  with  wvlab 
they  bad  conquered  U*tir  eaSsaTof  old.  Tbe 
*  not  know  that  tbe  Chinee* 


court  at  IVk      did 

VSJ|    :•   SlM    :.:•. 

The 


=«       "    «     (^«««^wv^« 
f  '         .:     ...'     .. 
• 


Flan  to  save  the 
'rineeKuaf.tbi 
recall*!  to  tbe  bfsxf  of  tbe 
was  made  chkf  of  tbe  Board 


a*an  weU  versed  in  tbe  f 


-.-  • 


intrrnatk«al  dealings,  with  full 

dude  rsaci  OB  tbe  most  honors 

could  oe  obtained.     \ 

Japanese  aMaiaUaionen  might  meet  Li-Hunr 


•t   Port  Arthur,  to  which  tbe  Japanese 
«enl  replied  with  a  refusal  to  treat  any- 
where  but  on  Japanese  soO.    Accompanied  by 

to  Japan,  after 


IM 


CHINA. 


ward  made  an  associate  plenipotentiary,  and  by 
an  American.  John  W.  Poster,  as  legal  adviser, 
tbe  Chioest  plenipotentiary  arrived  in  Shimo- 
nesski  on  March  19.  This  port  was  chosen 
lor  UM  conferences  because  UM  Chinese  could 
tbere  communicate  directly  with  their  Govern- 
•eat  by  cable.  As  condition*  for  an  arn 
UM  Japanese  Government  first  demanded  the 
snrrenoWof  Taktt.  with  its  forts  Tientsin  and 
Shan-Hai-Kwan  as  a  guarantee,  but  Li  would 
not  accede  to  this,  and  even  sought  to  obtain  a 
list  that  the  Jananene  would  not  advance 
Taku  or  Shan- Hai-K wan  jH-ndmt:  the  no- 
tions, lest  the  confusion  and  alarm  that 
•  |  | 
- 


t  would  produce  at  the  capital 
the  conclusion  of  an  honorable 


should  prevent  the  conclusion  of  an  honorable 
peace.  Count  Ito  would  not  agree  to  an  armis- 
ttos  except  on  UM  conditions  named,  and  at  the 


on  March  24.  informed  the  Chinese 
envoy  of  UM  intention  of  the  Japanese  troops 
to  oooupy  Formosa, 

The  war  party  in  Japan  was  agitating  against 
UM  conclusion  of  peace  before  the  Japanese 
army  entered  Pekin.  When  Li- 1  lung-Chang 
from  this  second  meeting  a  young 
Koyama,  one  of  the 


•.  -;••  rad  •  i  oaUed  Bosnia,  shot 
a  pistol,  the  bullet  penetrating  his 
r.  In  consequence  of  this  attempted 
envoy  the  Mikado, 
on  March  80,  proclaimed  an  unconditional  ar- 
mistice, with  the  exclusion  of  Formosa.  The 
wound  healed  readily. 

On  April  1  the  Japanese  plenipotentiaries  sub- 
mitted the  first  draft  of  a  treaty,  providing  for 
UM  independence  of  Korea,  cession  of  Manchu- 
ria, Formosa,  and  the  Pescadores,  the  payment 
of  an  indemnity  of  800.000,000  taels,  the  opening 
of  7  new  treaty  ports,  the  abolition  of  the  Hkin 
lax.  the  free  navigation  of  certain  water  ways, 
the  removal  of  the  bar  in  the  Woosung  river, 
and  the  temporary  occupation  of  Wei-IIai  \V,  i 
and  Mukden.  The  Chinese  plenipotentiaries 
prepared  a  counter-draft,  in  which  it  was  pro- 
id  that  China  and  Japan  should  recognize 
guarantee  the  neutrality  of  Korea,  that  the 
ion  of  territory  should  be  reduced  to  the 
Vain  district  of  Manchuria  and  the  Pescadores, 
and  that  tbe  war  indemnity  should  be  100,000,000 
taels.  Eventually  Li- 1  lung-Chang  gave  way  on 
most  of  tbe  disputed  points. 

On  April  10  the  Japanese  Premier  submitted 
to  tbe  viceroy  Li,  then  sufficiently  recovered  to 
attend  the  conference,  a  new  draft  containing 
tbe  maximum  concessions  that  Count  Ito  was 
willing  to  give.  After  exhausting  every  argu- 
ment,  and  protesting  that  no  la 
peace  would  follow,  and  that  the  European 
powers  would  not  permit  their  interests  to  be 
thus  imnenM.  L.Hu rig-Chang  was  forced  to 
accept  tbe  Japanese  ultimatum. 

Treaty  ef  Sbl»oB«w»ki.-A  treaty  of  peace 
"T^0^  °°  April  17  by  Li.UunK-cW  and 


nrPong  in  behalf  of  China  and  by  Count 
Ito  and  Viscount  MuUu,  the  Japanese  Premier 
and  the  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  in  behalf  of 
Japan.  China,  in  the  first  article,  recognized  the 
complete  independence  of  Korea,  and  agreed  that 
UM  payment  of  tribute  and  the  performance  of 
ceremonies  and  formalities  by  Korea  to  « 
in  derogation  of  such  independence  should  cease 


for  the  future.  In  the  second  article  China  ceded 
j'erpctuiJy  and  full  sovereignty,  to- 
:  with  all  for  I  illcations,  arsenals,  and  public 
property  tin-mil,  tin-  southern  part  of  tin-  prov- 
ince of  rYnir-Tien.  the  country  included  I  • 
the  Yalu  as  far  as  the  mouth  of  the  river  Anpin^ 
ami  the  Lino  up  to  Ying-Kow.  the  boundary 
running  through  Frn^-Hunng  and  Bal-Tcheng; 
also  the  island  of  Formosa  and  the  Pescadore 
group  of  islands.  The  part  of  Manchuria 
was  that  \vhuh  the  Japanese  armies  had  overrun 
and  occupied,  including  the  Regent's 8 word  ami 

Port  Arthur.  The  third  article  provided  for  the 
•  •  at  ion  of  the  boundaries  in  Manchuria  l.y 
a  joint  commi-sion.  The  fourth  artie!, 
the  war  indemnity  to  be  paid  by  China  to  Japan 
at  200,000,000  kuping  taels, ,  of  'which  :>o.(HKi.(KM> 
taels  were  to  be  paid  in  .six  months,  an  equal 
sum  at  the  end  of  twelve  months,  and  the  re- 
mainder in  six  annual  installments  of  the  same 
amount,  with  interest  at  5  per  .11  un- 

paid portions  from  the  date  the  first  installment 
was  duo,  China  to  have  the  ri.u'ht  to  f. 
the  dates  of  payment,  and  all  interest  to  In- 
waived  incase  the  whole  indemnity  should  he 
paid  within  three  years.  The  fifth  artici 
vided  for  the  emigration  within  two  years  of  in- 
habitants of  the  ceded  territories  who  should  not 
desire  to  become  Japanese  subjects  ;  nUo  for  tin- 
transfer  of  Formosa  within  two  months  from 
the  exchange  of  ratifications.  The  sixth  article 
bound  China  to  appoint  immediately  plenipo- 
tentiaries to  conclude  with  Japan  a  new 
of  commerce  and  navigation,  and  a  convention 
to  regulate  frontier  intercourse  and  trade  on  the 
basis  of  the  treaties  and  conventions  subsisting 
between  China  and  European  powers,  Japan  to 
receive  most -favored-nation  treatment  pending 
the  conclusion  of  such  treaty  and  convention. 
China  agreed,  in  addition,  to  open  within  six 
months  as  new  treaty  ports  Shashih,  in  Hupeh, 
Chung-Kin^,  in  Szecnoen,  Suchow,  in  Kiangsu, 
and  Hangchow,  in  Chekiang,  and  to  permit 
Japan  to  station  consuls  in  these  places ;  also  to 
allow  vessels  under  the  Japanese  flag  to  « 
passengers  and  cargo  on  the  ni.per  Yangtse 
river  between  Ichang  and  Chun-Kinp.  and  on 
the  Woosung  river  and  the  canal  from  Shanghai 
to  Suchow  and  Hangchow:  furthermore, to 
the  right  to  Japanese  subjects  purchasing  goods 
or  produce  in  the  interior  of  China  to  rent  or 
hire  warehouses  without  the  payment  of  any 
taxes  or  exactions ;  and.  finally,  to  allow  Japanese 
subjects  to  engage  freely  in  all  kinds  of  manu- 
facturing industries  in  the  open  cities,  towns, 
and  jHirts  of  China,  and  to  import  all  kinds  of 

•r\.  paying  only  the  stipulated  import 
duties  thereon,  and  on  the  manufactured  prod- 
ucts only  such  island  transit  dues  and  other 
charges  as  are  levied  on  imported  merchandise. 
The  seventh  article  provided  for  the  evacuation 
by  the  armies  of  Japan  within  three  mou 
China,  excepting  Wei-Hai- Wei,  which,  the  eighth 
article  provides,  shall  be  temporarily  occupied 
as  a  guarantee  until  the  first  two  installments  of 

icmnity  shall  have  been  paid,  and  shall 
then  be  evacuated,  provided  the  Chinese  Govern- 

iakes  arrangements  for  pledging  the  cus- 
toms revenue  as  security  for  the  remaining  part 
of  the  indemnity.    The  ninth  article  provid 
the  restoration  of  prisoners  of  war,  China  under- 


I'HIXA. 


13? 


taking  not  N.  ill  treat  Of 

* 


;ae>    army  of  100000  BMO  we* 
•         .,.-,...       v       -    . 


. 


**.«* ffVR ,,.,,u 

the  Japan***  dunn*  if..  «ar  UM  tenth  article 
stipulated  that  all  offensive  miiiiarv  operalioaa 
ahoiild  cease  upon  UM  raliflcartion  of  UM  treaty. 

«n. I   UM   •  ••  PMth   ;:•:-:':  •  ••       ,    .       ' 

Thcfuuon  May  N.    ?v,*n»tr 


,:,,  ,.r  rided 


dial  the  Japanese  force  uuusjuyiaf 
should  be  limited  to  one  brigadr . 

aacapali.m  at  t 

par  annum,  ih  .  authoriUea 

he  orders  that  the  com- 
of    i  lie   Japan.-*--    army    of 
Mcessary   for  the  health. 
safety  of  the 
authorities 


Mlt  10  the 

paror  who  had  been  aitft*4nteii  cosasjMMeslar  in 
ehkrf.hadsri  «U  for  Taiwan  aiMfterth*  eyes 

••-.•:„        .-,.....'... 
transports  umlrr  tW  oonm  of  u 
.17  BMO  ^iw4  wuh  UM 

imry   thai   to  Mg^i  io  A 


POM*  would  b»  BiiitliMi     Tbr  JanMH  Ck 

.•••••'  .  i     .    -i./r.   !'.,        •      .:, 

•tittn^K^tti.  AIM!  VMA  m^  a^H^am^^A  Ml  ll^  IM 

oatt»fMk  of  nrtriotie  brnvMlo  IB  UM  00porfl 


mihurjr 


l«triotie 

(.rr.1.  •l.i.-l.  nml.lr,!   n   |g  rr,.!%    t. 

rv    :,     f  •  •    -- 


»ot  Uke  UM  imit  >  that  hr 

!.:    -    .     •    1    '       I'-.    '      '    ll     m    llMd    .:.    I,;'      | 
fa  |  ...     f  •:..    :    .-...     ,'.    |  M    '•    MM    v    '- 

He  vat 


the  fear  of  a  revolatioB 
a  more  peremptory  ton*.    The  Jape- 
ernmant  in  the  end.  when  a  Kassaaa 


Mff«l     •    .'    ,     i.    WW,  (     I  Ml  '!.-    hi  ll 

iVk!l>.Ulho>Ui« 

ih.t  the  MfKj  of  UM  capital  and  of  UM  djrnarty 

»«  .\  •     :  .  •     .  \  •    } 

The  annucice  was  aitaodad  to  Mar  a    The 


/ 
<.,..'". 

.  !      .    ' 


IftahedonMayUinali 

set  forth  that  the  BrnperW  of 

iaem<%r*u!t> 


e  annucce  was  aitaoa    to     ar  e 

Knparor  of  Japan  ratified  UM  t 
aftaril  WM  dfoeA    It  WM  ratifiad  by  UM  CW- 


Dot  withstanding  the 
enl  efforts  of  the  Conservatives  and  the  enemies 
llnng-ChanK  st  IVkm  to  1 

.10  presented  a  joint  note 

Japanese  Government  protesting  against  the  ces- 
sion of  the  Uao-Tung  peninsula,  as  in  Japanese 
nnaiaaiinn  it  would  be  a  constant  menacr 
kin  and  a  danger  to  the  independence  of  Korea, 
ami  that  detrimental  to  the  lasting  peace  of  the 
lie  Russian  military  forces  in  thr 
Amur  province  had  beet; 

vessels,  including  some  of  Russia's  beat 
araUom  to  strengthen  its  naval  forces  in  these 

ing  to  join  in  the  men*  in k-  ilrmands  of  the 

N  advised  the  J 
to  yield     The  joint  not,.  »., 
Japanese  r 
who  were  : 

Ing  Manchuria  or  engaging  in  a  new  war  to  re- 
tain iu  The  naval  commanders  replied  that 
scarcely  a  ship  was  in  thorough  fighting  trim, 
that  extensive  repairs  and  refitting  were  mrfrt. 
The  A  UN  army  to  continue  otiaaaiTi 

:     •   ,         -,:.-,::•••       "    ,'.    .1 

-JL__,,_  if  __*^i« '. t.    n.«i*  A*  rvjiKiii     TK* 

wM«oy  n  aueiy  acroas  ute  uuii  01  rwcosik    i  oe 

militarv  orgaauatioo  had  been  put  to  a  severe 
strain  by  the  campaign*  in  Korea,  Manchuria. 
ao-Tung  peninsula,  Shan -Tung,  and  the 
Pescadores,  and  the  resources  of  the  adminhv 
t  rat  ton  were  nearly  exhausted.  Rren  apart  from 
the  new  complication,  the  ability  of  Japan  to 


Japan,  having 

against  China 

Orient  • 

the  rsr^nmetidatkm  of  the 

:••;-..•.••          .•    .      :.. 

by  oonchsding  a  peace,  had  shown  regret 

-.      .-    •      '       .  ..  ,.•-.-• 

idly  powers  in 


-;i;   :.:;:;-, 

mtiim  •••  * 


tanling  the  restoration  of  peace,    la  UM  nego- 
tiation, for  the  itetoration  of  Feng.  Tiea.  or  the 
peninsula  of  Uao-Tung.  the  Jipanaai  ' 
the  mediation  of  the  power*    Aaeoa 
for  the  nrtroceesioa  of  Lsao  Tung 


To 

rember.  a  loan  of 
was  taken  by  Paris 
«t(h  the  guarantee  of  the 
Thb  gold  loan,  bearing  4  per 


BE 

.       • 


an 


to  pledge  UM 

» 
After 


ed  the 

^  It      •       ai      ^  i    •!        flfc^  f  — 

saaai  WHSHBJ  was»  nenoa  UM  ^apaneee 
ivaoaate  the  I  Jao-Tuag  paateaaJa.    The 
ter  replied  that  Japan  would  conUnne  the  orru- 
(«iioa  until  the  indemnttr  «a«  fully  f«Ki.    The 

!»- r  ,_—  -j-      .m-.tI-..---l     1* t-    ._ 

mrww  M»«vr*  ouanniawii  vaw  piveia 


Lie 


CHINA. 


task  Germany  first  counseled  acceptance  of  the 

I  ranee  and  Kiw- 
ng  upon  a  lower  price  for  the  < 
UonofUao-fung.  An  arrmiigemeot  WM  !lnHllv 
f«ao»«L  and  the  protocol  wat  stone.  1  ..t  I',  km 
eariy  in  November.  The  Tokio  Government  ac- 
t^lOgOOOgOOOtaaKtobapa  16.  as 

,      ,        .  -.   '    -  •        :.  .    .     •      '.:•.   BUflMMM- 

•eki  traatv.  and  agreed  to  evacuate  P«>rt  Arthur 
ua  in  said  to  have  covenanted 
ootV>  e*de  any  part  of  the  Lia^Tung  i*-, 
lo  any  foreign  power.    She  had  already  agreed 
to  aa*otiau>  acommrn  in!  treaty  with  Japan,  f«-r 
Li-Hang-Chang  was  appoiatad  eommis- 

>  af  the  Peaeador**.— When  the  Japa- 
told  Li-lliing-Chanj:  that  Japan 

to  take  possession  of  Formosa,  the 
Japanese  squadron  had  alreadv  sailed  on  that 
errand.  On  March  28  three  ships  bombarded  a 

jl  '••-.''  '     ' 

lands,  near  the  western  coast  of  Formosa.  The 
Chinese  replied  with  guns  of  15  centimetres,  but 
ware  not  able  to  hit  the  ships.  A  force  of  8,000 
men  wa*  landed  with  guns,  which,  with  the  sup- 
port of  the  ships*  batterieajcannonaded  the  fort 
until  the  garrison  left  it  The  Japanese  entered 
it  early  the  next  morning,  and  then  marched 
upon  the  fortified  town  of  Makung.  which  was 
evacuated  after  an  hour's  musketry  firing.  The 
Japanese  lost  1  killed  and  27  wounded,  while  the 
Chinese  losses  ware  50  killed  and  60  taken  pris- 
oners. The  garrison  departed  in  junks  for 
Fisher  island;  and  with  the  garrison  there  sailed 
for  the  Chinese  mainland.  This  island  was  oc- 
cupied oo  March  87.  A  garrison  of  8.000  men 
waTplaoad  in  Makung. 

EM  wf  the  War-Besides  the  operations  in 
the  Pescadores  and  Formosa,  the  Japanese  seized 
the  bland  of  Vuc)i<>w.  bombarded  the  forts  at 
IU><  how.  on  the  Kiangsu  coast,  and  on  March 
$4  landed  a  force  and  temporarily  occupied  that 
town  after  a  sharp  fight  in  which  the  Chinese 
lost  900  killed.  In  preparation  for  the  advance 
Shanhaikwan  thev  took  the  island  of 

which  lie*  miifway  between  Kinchow 
that  nty.  After  the  treaty  was  ratified  the 
troopt  ware  gradually  withdrawn  from  all  points 
except  Port  Arthur  and  \\Yi-IIni-\V.-i.  The  im- 
perial guard,  which  had  come  to  lead  in  the  ad- 
vance upon  Pekin.  was  dispatched  to  Formosa 
to  reduce  the  rebellion  there/The  other  troops 
returned  to  Japan,  and  were  disbanded.  Thewar 
vat  officially  declared  to  be  at  an  end  on  June  8. 
The  effective  strength  of  the  Japanese  forces  that 
fought  in  Chin*  wa,  60.979.  of  which  number  89,- 
097  formed  the  first  army.  19,919  the  second  army, 
and  IJMI  were  sent  afterward.  The  number 
actually  »unpiied  from  Japan  was  more  than 
double  the  righting  force,  which  was  attended  by 
coolie*  IDT  transport,  road-making,  and  the  like. 
The  total  number  of  deaths  in  the  army  from  the 
beginning  of  the  Korean  campaign,  in  June, 
1894,  till  the  return  of  the  troopsiS  June,  1895! 
was  4.110.  of  whom  784  wer  i 

died  from  wound*,  and  8.148  died  from  disease. 
Of  these  last,  1.608  died  of  cholera,  of  which 
there  were  ijMi  cases  among  the  troops.  The 
actual  cost  of  the  war  was  150.000.000  yen. 


mosa  t  'he  government  to  tin-  .lapane^o 

authorities.    The  Chinese  ^fovernor  1<>M  control 

'ie    tpHlpS    allll    pe-.  pie     \\llrll     till-     e.  ••>•.).,  U    of 

the   island   Invarne   known.     'I  In-   leaders  i.f  the 
Black  Flags  and  the  litt-rnti  made  pn  -pa  rat  ions 


•   "  .    .la|>anese,  nn.l    mian-M  |.iv\  :iil.-.| 
surh   mi  rxti-nt   that    Hritish   and   (ierinan    ma- 


Subjnration of  Forwoaa.- U-Ching-Fang, 
the  Viceroy's  son,  and  Mr.  Foster  went  to  For- 


rines were  landed  at  AnpuiL'  to  |,r,-t,,-t 
|K?«n  lives  and  propcrt\.  In  tin-  south  tl 
age  aborigines  raided  Chinese  settlements  and 
piantationa,  There  were  alx>ut  80.000  Chim-.- 
soldiers  on  the  island,  most  of  tin-in  lawless 
Kwangtung  men,  includini;  numv  ..|  the  fear- 
less warriors  who  ha<l  (ongnl  the  Pkenoh.  Tiii->e 

troops,  whose  pay  wa>  many  months  in  ;r 
niiitinieil  acainst'their  comiiiandrrs  and  pillaged 
the  inlmliitaiiK  Tin-  <io\rni«T  and  all  the 
civil  ami  military  officer*  were  recall«'«i  tnCliinu 
by  an  imperial  decree  promulgated  on  May  21, 
DW  the  Governor  did  not  olx-y,  and  n« 
were  taken  to  withdraw  the  turlmlent  soldi.-ry. 
Luh-Vinh-Phnoc.  the  old  chief  of  the  Black 
Flags,  took  the  l.-ad  in  a  revolt  against  ti 
rulers.  The  rhine-r  <;..  \eniment  sent  5,000 
more  troops  to  the  island  from  Canton  to  ^Hi- 
press  the  Black  Flags,  and  most  of  these  j.-m.-d 
the  rebels.  A  Baku  chief,  railed  Kuhun^kuk, 
proclaimed  himself  kin.i:  in  the  northern  part  of 
tin-  island,  ami  thousands  of  well-e<jni|>|.ed  *,\- 
diers  joined  his  standard.  Finally.  Tan;:-'  'hini:- 
Sung.  the  Chinese  Governor,  encouraged  I  »y  <  tn 
nese  oflicials  in  Canton  and  Nankin. 
proclaii  .....  1  an  indejiendent  republic  with  him- 
self as  president,  and  appealed  to  the  l'r<  m  h 
republic  and  to  Spain  for  aid.  Two  or  three 
da^'S  af  tor  ward  a  Japanese  fleet  arrived  at  Tani- 
sui,  where  the  Chinese  officials  refused  to  allow 
the  Japanese  to  land.  Torpedoes  blocked  tin- 
entrance  to  the  harbor.  Chang-Chi-Tong,  Yici- 
roy  of  Nankin,  sent  troops  and  munitions  to 
assist  the  rebels.  The  forces  of  the  nominal 
republic,  which  was  understood  by  the  popu- 
lation to  be  an  official  device,  were  said  to  num- 
ber 100,000  Canton.  Honan,  and  Swatow  !>raM- 
and  Hakka  militia,  all  well  armed  with  Mauser 
and  Lee  rifles  and  Winchester  carbines,  and  well 
supplied  with  ammunition.  On  May  80  a  Jap- 
anese force  landed  on  an  island  at  Ki  inn-. 
which  was  valiantly  and  ably  defended.  The 
formal  transfer  of  the  island  to  Viscount  Kal.a- 
yama,  the  Japanese  Governor-General,  took  place 
on  .lime  •„»  on  board  a  vessel  at  Kelung.  Lord 
Li  included  the  cable  in  the  list  of  Government 
pro|M-rty  and  offered  a  statement  eoneernin-  the 
condition  of  affairs,  but  withdrew  it  when  the 
.la  panes*,  commissioner  explained  that  if  the 
chinesi-  authorities  had  official  cognizance  of 
the  insurrection  they  were  bound  to  supp: 
The  next  UK.  ruing  the  Japanese  landed  in  force, 
and  occupied  Kelung  after  several  hours  of 
severe  fi^htin^.  in  which  200  Chinese  and  8 
Japanese  were  killed.  As  Taipch-ln.  the  capi- 
tal, was  only  a  short  distance  away,  President 
Tang  and  the  other  officials  took  flight  and  went 
on  board  a  German  passenger  steamer.  The  forts 
at  Tamsui  tried  to  detain  this  vessel,  compelled 
the  deliverv  of  treasure  to  pay  the  garrison,  and 
fired  upon  her.  killing  7  men,  upon  which  the  Ger- 
man gunt  toat  "  Iltiv  "  bornk'irded  the  forts,  kill- 
ing 13  men,  and  the  Chinese  gunners  then  fled. 
Only  Cantonese  fought  the  Japanese,  as  the 


. 


and.  tofathor  wfcJi  tba  Bakfcftf  oad  otborCkJMai 
inhabttaMc  f  tna  u4and,  kvtrf  tbe  Japojaaat  OB 
•aofre,  TlwlftiterwvojBMfitdfoBV 

•'..--,'.  /.:..'.-  i....- 

'        • 


northern  atOdien  rtloaad.    At  TaJpah  pit 
r«jQ  anaiiinf.  «i><i  m  an  axpioaion,  of 

I .    *    : .  r      :.  \_  \  :.'..•       :   .  .1  • .  »      '.'.:.. 

bj    thr     liatlvr     |«.pulat|..U.         A     tlrl«-hfl.r|,(     of       thr     Foff,,.-*    .•l|t|^i>M.    ti**!.    •!  .f;«W    '..',.    .•  .'..f. 

j.,^,-^   --.  •.  Ztoabtd  ttM   '  m  ri  -  U  i-  «  mmm  mm     i 

M    >.  mm  md  UM  -     (U  Mi  M  -|--  •.  ..-           ;.  .  .   ;    ..•        .   .  . 

ft  nf^»  <M  duMOt  offarvd  a  rtttftftflffB  %ttir  laadatiaw,  tna  naii w  wv  Hfll  ao  botlila 

v-:   »  waaji  onkr  WM  ojUbltabad  that  fr«ob  tioopt  won  a«t 

in  ih«  vioiaity  of  UM  caj.iul  |«n  ,.f  the  uiand.  verober  to  rvplacv  tnoai  who  «er«  vum  ottt  by 

*?*•«.       I  'I  i  av«^^   i     O^M!    av^^kh.  '     " 

!r  <   >•       '  ''    '  ' 

1:.,     BlMl    ffifi     Udbj     I-:-    ^    -,    i     -.    I     fr 


4WT1  CWUBTtAV 


otntrated  at  An  ping,  on  the  woit  eooat.  wherr  The  rich  lands  on  tbo  *Mtom  rid*  baft  laa* 

tber  levied  eiaciloMon  theChineur  inhahitanta,  been  rultirat^i  >  »  Chinaw  •Htierx  who  rate*  a 

Wbon  a  Japanaot  oraiaar  appaarvd  aba  waa  fliwd  roji  quantit  j  of  rioa,  a«pw  oBoigb  to  awaply 

noon  here  ami  at  Takau.    The  BUck  Plat*  for*  Japan  and  partly  Mpniy  Uw  Niaoriai  of  Clan- 
^B  their  poult  tot,  at   Anpinjc  K 
/  .  > 


.  • 

or-    Japan  and  |«rtU  mi^ily  UM  NiMtfai  of  CMH 
at-    loST.r.  ! 
f.    •tportad  to  th«  fnW  8u*ia.     TU  dvOtei 

-     •     r.     ••,      ,::•*•          .-.'••  -    .    ,    •• 

..;  ....  •  •  •          - 

an  «w»  not  nod?  to    of  tW  i4and.  art  iMlflt  and  vommkt  Man? 


ASStf  ££SRTCA  "|Mt-1 


The  Japanaw  woiv  not  ratdr 

adTancr  up»n  An,      .;      II  nrar  ihr  n,,|  -  f  Jul,        !-  ;  njitfl   M      Th-   f. 

Wban  th.-r  m*lr  t!..   v!  ,  .r«  held  to  in*  ma*  vatenblt  bat 

|.ito  of  tbob  mountain  and  maobfaa  ca-4a,  aod  t  he  U^tbat 

I>T  nhe» behind  loopboled  walb and  M..  k -  ,  .th  f»f*r  ar«  alao  obi 

•dea.    The  traps  of  Qon,  Kawarmura  alt*rk*d  ar«  rarwabx  indi«o.  tarn,  twvet 

>t  at  Sbhv  raltaa.  aad  paanatJL 
Chiku.  with  the  co-operation  of 
and  rxmtrtl  thrm.     Taiwan  and  the  c 

mtbon 


Tbr. 


' 
' 


140 


CHINA. 


ward  foreiner*,  especially  Christian*.    Saner-  accompany  ing  illustrations,  which  are  fac-simi  los 

stitioas  nrifodioes  wtw  as  ntnnl  played  upon  of  two  ant i-riu-iMian  cartoons.)    In  these  publi- 

iad  the  fanatical  rancor  inflamed  bv  ambitious  cations  the  people  are  advised  to  assault  and 

.         V;%:    .                   •       ..    .....          .  m  :,.„-. ;14l,.  «!„.  m^Mnnaru-,  and  lli.-ir  wiv.-s 

rished  vamnts  committed  depreda-  On  May  28  the  Canadian  mission  at  Chengtu 

TJtoo  theirisiktts  alone,  and  the  was  attacked  by  rioters.    The  missionaries  kept 


ANTI-CHRISTIAN  CARTOON. 


were  in  danger  made  their  es- 
cape, usually  to  the  treaty  ports.  Dr.  Handle, 
an  American  missionary,  was  maltreated  at  Ping- 
Pa  on  May  7  by  soldiers,  who  were  afterward 
punished.  The  serious  outbreaks  occurred  in 
centra)  and  southern  China,  where  the  Chinese 
stock  is  purest,  the  mtlitarv  and  national  spirit 
strongest,  the  hatred  of  ••  foreign  devils  "  keen- 
est, and  the  power  of  the  Pekin  authorities  least 
effective.  Secret  political  societies  seeking  the 
orertK  Mam  hu  dynasty  are  capable 

of  inciting  outrages  against  Europeans  for  the 
verv  nurpoee  of  embroiling  the  Government 
with  foreign  powers,  and  bringing  about  a  situ- 
ation in  which  revolution  would  be  possible. 
.'  .:  UN  -•  irai  ml  tii-  Oa*> 
tral  (torernraent  nearly  all  the  prestige  and  au- 
iu\  in  the  provinces  where  the  anti- 
dynastie  feeling  is  rife,  and  in  these  provinces, 
tb*  mo»t  ingrained  with  the  traditional  religion 
and  morality,  and  impermeable  to  Christian  in- 
struction, the  antipathy  of  the  people  toward 
•nupeans  was  now  intensified,  because  from 
Barope  came  the  arms  and  tactics  that  enabled 
the  Japanese  to  conquer  Chinese  territory. 

There  is  a  literary  bureau  in  Hunan  active  in 
spite  of  the  efforts  of  the  central  authorities  to 
from  which  are  sent  out  placards, 


picture*,  and  pamphlets  representing  Cnrist 
pi«  and  missionaries  as    houls  who  k 


ghouls  who  kill  Chinese 


children  in  order  to  get  their  eyes  and  brains 
and  liver*  for  use  in  Western  arts.    (See  the  two 


the  mob  at  bay  for  some  time,  but  they  finally 
fled  for  their  lives,  and  their  chapel  and  hospital 
were  looted  and  burned.  The  temper  of  the 
populace  was  known  to  have  been  for  some  time 
in  a  dangerously  excited  state,  yet  the  officials 
took  no  measures  for  the  security  of  foreigners. 
The  immediate  cause  of  the  outbreak  is  said  to 
have  been  the  act  of  one  of  the  medical  mission- 
aries in  seizing  a  boy,  one  of  a  crowd  that  per- 
sisted in  throwing  stones  at  him,  and  locking 
him  in  the  chanel.  After  the  looting  the  boy 
was  found  dead  and  mutilated.  An  immense 
crowd  gathered.  Soldiers  and  others  dug  up 
the  ground  under  the  mission  buildings,  and 
bones  were  produced  that  were  declared  to  be 
those  of  children  murdered  by  missionaries, 
hiof  of  police,  a  Taotai  from  Hunan,  is- 
sued a  proclamation  declaring  that  at  last  evi- 
dence had  been  found  that  missionaries  kidnap 
small  children.  Two  missionaries  were  arrested 
for  trial  on  this  charge.  All  the  missi< 
were  taken  under  the  protection  of  th<»  authori- 
ties, who  did  nothing,  however,  to  &rn-^  UK  pil- 
lage and  destruction  of  the  missions,  which  wr  nt 
on  from  the  early  morning  of  Mav  29.  On  the 
contrary,  the  Viceroy,  Liu-Ping-Chang,  sent  out 
a  telegram  stating  that  the  mutilated  corpse  of  a 
child  had  been  found  in  a  foreign  place.  The 
disturbance  spread  to  the  other  places  in  Szech- 
uen.  The  story  was  placarded  everywhere  that 
missionaries  had  been  detected  in  murdering 
children  to  get  oil  from  their  bodies.  During 


<"  141 

111*  ne*i  two  day*  all  ths 


reach,  ia   Ki. 

d«rtrujred       •         ,ian  «rrr  -nt    t,y  ,.ffi -  i.U  ,,f     rn.mn.1  ~. 
»n  and  Hsechuea  to  prominent  man 


their  iN.nrert*  wrrr  .ul.jn.  led  to  dreadful   i~n»-  thr  |«-n-.n*  who   t-.-k    j*rt 

cutlon.     At  Yarhan  the  official.  ejataaW  mi-  »ul   »f    I3O  that  .rrr   arrr«t~i   wrfr   , . .„,  ,  t~l. 

•ion  property,  but  twenty  station*  were  wrecked,  and  7  were  executed.    All  th 

Thr  n..{*  mtiaasd  thr-.u^,  th.   ,-ari»  |«f  .f  ptorlMi   tool  sjAaa   sj   i 


June. 
The  Preach  Government  WM  the  first  to  de- 


mand reparation,  in  behalf  of  the  Catholic  mis, 
and  in  response  an  imperial 

»age  to  be  repaired  and 
brought  to  justice.    Trial*  were 

baU  i  vU  •.  tft   •  m    aaS  k-  .:.->  van 


tha  rioU  in    bh 


naiir*  ChrE    mWM  at  l?aMi  WM  al»  ailadud  by  bawttta, 
»  ra»»l  by  a    and  wa*   drfawUd    by  tha  mMonariai.  who 


awb  lhal  accused  them  of  gouging  out  the  erm  killed  some  of  UM  msrsadei*     TTC>e  military 

.gner*  authorities  of  Canton  took  prompt  measure*  to 

.        .         .       ,.    \    .         .  V  I-          .     ..  :.-'     :•       M,r      -'.       •     .-        -  •        . 

pealed  to  all  Americans  ia  UM  interior  to  repair  rhow.  Taiping.  Hupeh.  aad  Aahai.    Tae  O3- 

Isoiporarily  to  the  coast.  ness  Cliristian*  ware  harried  and  robbed  •vsry- 


and 

ety  were  masssflrsd  without  warning  by  an  or- 
*  ssd  band  of  80  armed  men  at  w  hasang.  a 

titatn  resort  near  Kucneng.  Fukien.    The    Chinese  OoTernment  a  promise  of  fall 
Dr.  Stewart  ai>  -n.    A  contention  WM  concluded,  giriac  to 

ind  »  aMU  w,-r..  Uhd,  a,,.i  £ii  aoaai  mm    UH  i:  mm  •  ail  II  «:..-•.•:.-.     j     '  , 
afln-.    Misses  Marshall.  Gordon.  Nellie    quiring  land  in  any  part  of  China  without  UM 

m  lands  or  hoasai  by  simply  signing^ 

;•    -     .-  :     :,  -     ••-  • 


net  anre.    Missss  Marshall.  Gordon.  Nellie    quihni;  land  in  any  part 

iWoaofUMlooaraut 

lands  or 
spears  and  sword*  in  the  sanitarium  at  \Vha-    t 


and  Toj«y  Saundei>  vrcombe.  and  an     permissJpB  of  UM  local  authorities. 

Irish  nurse  ware  torture*!  and  murdered  with 


sang.    Four  of  the  Stewart  children  and  4  woman    than  native  owner*  are  under  the  general  raga- 

M  imperial  law. 
Mabel  C.  IIartf..rd.  an  American.  WM  knocked        Some  of  the  minor  o 


ided.      Miss     latiofv 


Ad  beaten,  but  made  bar  escape  into  the  the  outrages  ia  Ssschasa.    The  resalt  was  far 

Most  of  the  American  Methodist  mission,  from  satisfactory  to  UM  *WlM»,aod  taabmia. 

arie.  were  absent.    All  the  mission  property  WM  later,  supported  by  UM  Uaied  State*  miaisur. 

Eroytd.anapiaiiaairiiaad  BaaJsamimioaft  aaMadeTttal  tfci 

The  woman  missioiisTM*  were  here,  MeUwwhere,  degraded.     British 


ilar  object^  of  fanatical  rage,  .ct^-Kiang.  and  a  natal 

h  hM  about  50,000  inhabitant*,  threatened  r, 

ha.l  been  in  a  state  of  anarchy  for  some  time,  seated  oa  Sept.  »,  and  oa 

A  sect  of  regetarian*.  which  sprang  into  sudden  Chines*  Govaramaat  SJMM 

aromiaaaoe  oariaf  UM  warjaowtd  special  boe-  roy  of  Sasohaea  had  beea  .tripped  of  his 

tilitr  toward  ChrVtiaas.    The  sect  Wame  so  for 

aameroo*  and   truculent    that    the  mandarin  would  nerar 

dared  no  •«  members  for  crimes,  and  llr  ha.1.  u. 

yielded  to  them  in  all  things.  and  ordered 
l  States  minister  nnmmissiornd  J. 


i.  consul  at  Pbochow.  and  Cant.  Newell    er* 

'  to  go  to  Kucheng  to  inqnir 
circumstaaotJ  of  UM  outrage  ia  con-    UM 


Detroit 

with  British 
con»ul  at  T 
U  lUrber.  naral  arnmW  of  UM 


wot  by  the  Peaia 

held  a  trial  in  the 


aroar,  aarai  anasui  of  UM  Mgjs*  aaaasieiewaa  S^TWII.     neaiMsiMiMBssJBej" 

to  Chengttt  to  inrestigate  the  ex-  ary  oatrasm  another  Baainpiiaci  of  UM  war 

>sschuen.    foe  Rmperor  issued  an  wa*  an  uprising  of  UM  Daagaabof  tbepforince 

commanding  the  Tartar  p>neral»  at  Foo-  of  TsingUi  in  the  Koko-Nor  region,    fas  reb- 

-«st  the  rioters  and  enjoining  all  rice-  eb  carried  LaoUag  by  storm,  taasiag  the  com- 

or  govareors  to  protect  missionaries  aad  maadaat  to  commit  foidde,    The  reTolt  spread 


142         rilKl>,  I>KAVOfc\ 


COLOMBIA. 


••• 


malarial. 


of  Kanmh.  The 
_«  .«.  .^-/orcemrnt*  and  war 
the  rebels  had  capered  11  cities 


ru~ng*ndang  was  dispatched,  at  the  head 
of  S^OOO  troops,  to  Unchow-Ku,  the  capital  of 
the  province,  war  which  |  .dieted  sev. 

rral  defeats  on  the  rebels.    These,  however,  were 
paining  fresh  adherents,  while   his 
EErZJSSd [partly  of  Mohammedans,  who 
*        .--,•••• 


.    .  .^   .   .      .      ..    ,.,.,.,. 
BnddliisU  joined  the  Dungan*,  <. 


and  ibeir  forces  Increased  until  there  were  .v 
under  arms.  They  had  the  encouragement  of 
the  Turkoman*  of  the  neighboring  Russian  pro  v- 
fame  and  of  the  secret  eodetiee  of  cent  ml  t  ').  i  tm. 
After  an  indecisive  engagement  with  <,,„.  Ma. 
the  leader  of  the  rebellion,  li-n.  Tun*.  who  lout 
1.000  killed  in  the  battle  and  5,000  more  that 
deeerted  to  the  enemv,  reached  Lanchow-Fu.  mul 
wa»  there  closely  besieged.  The  other  garrisons 
of  the  province,  in  which  there  were  only  60,000 
HiiiMeii  tronpn.  wrrr  ilin  inrnntH  Th.-.-ruriti,- 
practiced  on  both  sides  were  as  revolting  as  in 
the  former  Mohammedan  rebellion,  1862 

Kr;n,r...||iin—  •  Trratt.-Th-  re**  of 
French  intervention  to  save  Chinese  territory 
from  Japan  was  a  convention  settling  the  north- 
ern boundaries  of  the  conterminous  French  pos- 
sessions in  Tonquin  and  Annam  and  regulating 
the  oommerrial  relations  betwivn  Fn-nrh  Indo- 
Chin.i  ami  Yunnan.  By  this  agreement 

•  uto  were  ceded  to  France.    This  cession 
is  not  reoogniied  as  valid  by  Great  Britain,  be- 
it  was  held  that  these  districts  formed  part 


of  the  provinces  on  the  upper  Mekong  that  Great 
Britain  conceded  to  China,  so  that  they  might 
form  a  buffer  state  or  neutral  zone  between 
French  Indo-China  and  Burma  h.  The  conven- 
tion also  sanctions  the  extension  of  the  Tonquin 
railroads  and  telegraphs  into  Chinese  territory. 
The  instrument  was  signed  at  Pekin  on  .lune  -jii. 
<  IIIMsN  \\  I  MM  IVOR,  \n\  M.  I'lo 
I'l  I  N  XIM  ||  Ills  n|.  The  International 
Contention  of  the  Young  People's  Societies  of 
Christian  Endeavor  met  in  Boston,  Mass.,  July 
11.  About  70,000  delegates  we  r  .'lance. 

The  statistical  report  showed  that   7.750  new 
societies  had  been  added  .luring  the  year,  and 
that  the  whole  number  of  societies  was  nou   ;  l 
W,  and  the  whole  number  of  members  was 
about  tSOQjOOO.    Of  the  societies,  88,412  were  in 
the  United  States,  as  against  28,606  in  1894; 
8,105  in  Canada  and  Newfoundland,  an  increase 
.'l  from  the  previous  year;  2,645  in  the 
'  ••"•..    •     \  .-•r.-ilia.Win. \fru-a, 

ranee,  117  in  India. 
Japan.  U3  in  Madagascar.  •,'*.  in  M 
Turkey. 63  in  theWesI  Ir.-lui  Mandn.    The  so- 
deties  in  the  United  States  included  18  senior 

.    .;•_•    -;:/.  r:;  ,    :   - 


Christian  Endeavor  -  7  societies  in  the  army  and 
IMIVT  of  the-  Tntted  States;  societies  amo: 
policemen  and  patmlmen;  companies  among  the 
Indiana  of  the  North  and  West;  comrades  en- 
listed in  work  among  the  life-saving  crews,  light- 
:  the  Traveler*'  Union  of 


houses,  and  lightships; 
Christian  Endeavor ;  158 


societies 


and  8,850  junior  societies.    Then    \\-nv  also  880 

iutii.'i  .    '  't    in    i.tln-r 

lands,  making  i»  all  iM'J'J  junior  s<»t-i.  li.-s.  \\ith 
840.000   m.-mlH-r-.      Th.-    '  rj     K.-11    of 

ll..n,,r"  U.rr  tin-  nainm  of  5,551  soci«-ii. 
<>f  « Inch  h:i'l  iriven  not  less  than  $10  to  one  of 
Iti  danoininaaoiial  boards  of  mJ  \vin-le 

amount    <.f   surh    gifts    having   been    $140.71!). 
Adding  other  gifts  for  religious  ami  ln-nrvcilt-nt 

La  of  $11M),HH4,  the  aggregate  of  th 
triluitioiis  of  the  societies  in  th<-  t'liiti-il  Statrs 
was  f840,603,  and  of  the  Unit.-l  >t;,irs  and 
Canada  $425,000.  The  denominations  in  the 
United  States  were  represented  l>y  tin  immU-r 
of  societies  organised  \\nhin  them  in  afflliatkn 

with  the  convention    in    tin-    following   order: 
Presbyterians.  Congregationalists,  hi-<-i| 
Chim  and  Christians,  .  M«-tiiodi>t  Kpi^- 

copal  chun-h.  M.-th.Mii-i    Protestants.    Luth.-r- 
antp Cnmborland  Preabyteriani,  and  others.  The 
--of  tin-  ooDTanuon  w«-re  devoted  to  ad- 
dresses and  religious  cxer« 

(  Ul.OMIU  A.   a  rej.ul.lir  in   Soutli    A - 

-•nate  has  *J7  ni«-nio.-rs, :{  from  <-ach  de- 
partment, elected  by  indirect    sulTr.i^e   ! 
years.      The  House  of  Representatives  has  68 
inemlx  •  i-ry  50,000of  population,  elected 

for  four  years  by  direct  \<.te.  Kverv  elector 
must  be  twenty-one  years  of  age  and  eit  her  know 
how  to  read  and  write,  or  be  a  property  own.  r. .  r 
have  an  income  of  500  pesos.  The  President  is 
elected  for  six  years  by  an  electoral  college. 
The  ministers  are  responsible  to  the  Congress. 
Miguel  A.  Car.,  became  President  in  1*!M.  The 
following  ministers  were  in  office  in  the  begin- 
ning of  1W».V.  Interior.  M.  A.  San  del 
Foreign  Affairs,  M.  1  :  .luMice.  A.  M. 

Rueda;    Commerce    and    Communications.    |;. 
Bravo ;  War,  J.  D.  Ospina ;  Instruction,  L:  Zer- 

i  nance,  Abadia  Mendez;  Publi 
de  Brigard.    The  area  of  the  republic  has  been 
recently  estimated  at  404,400  sauare  miles.    The 
I MII, ulation  \\a-  estimated  at  3,^78,600  in  1881. 

Finances. — The  budget  for  the  biennial  period 
1895-'96  makes  the  revenue  26,203,966  pa^r 
pesos  (the  value  of  the  peso  in  exchange  is  50 
cente),  and  expenditures  83,801,888  pesos.  The 
customs  receipts  in  1893  were  9.160,175  pesos. 

The  foreign    debt,  contracted    in    England, 
amounted  on  June  30, 1894,  to  £3,279,828  ster- 
ling,  including    l'l.:'.(U.::-js   «,f   unpaid  ii 
The  internal  funded  debt  amon: 
pesos,  and  other  liabilities  to  3,946,164  pesos,  ex- 
clusive of  26,135,606  pesos  of  paper  money. 

Commerce  and  Production.— The  value  of 
the  imports  in  1893  was  13,403,299  pesos;  of  the 
exports,  14,630,332  pesos.  Manufactured  cotton 
is  the  most  important  article  of  import.  It 
comes  from  Great  Britain,  as  do  woolen  and  lin- 
en manufactures  ;,jirl  jron  wares.  Alim- 
sulwtir  .ported  from  the  United 

and  other  American  countries.  The  imports 
from  Great  Britain,  excluding  the  Panama  dis- 
trict, in  1MJ>2  were  4^89.276  pesos  (1  peso  =  !»7 
cents);  from  France.  2.244,459  pesos;  from  the 
'es,  1,861,263  pesos;  from  Germany, 
1.315,430  pesos;  from  other  countries,  2,298,118 
pesos.  The  exports  to  Great  P.rit  a  in  were  5,966,- 
911  pesos;  to  the  Uni  ."i.467  pesos; 

to  France,  1,520,905  pesos;  to  Germany,  l.r.O.- 
908  pesos;  to  other  countries,  2,079,615  pesos. 


COLOMBIA  143 

dinVultu- -   of  tra,r*££     ll0^^^^1^^^^ 


e  are  railed  in  the    and  the  railroad  pn>| 

• .  •n.l  thnr    tug  wage*  were  paid.    The  outbreak  of  the  iwv- 
'  '  u,  ? j808,000    olution  encouraged  Mwleavne**  and  weakened 


•i pem;  mineral*,    the  police 
--;    to)  *JO  pom;    hid**.     18  three 


>c  police  power*  of  the  Government.    On  Feb. 


attempt*  wer*  made  to 

in;,..,  ...  |      ,,.;...»,  ..       j,..    ...... 


841    t..nv  an.l  3  *, 


341  ton*, 
l*gflrr~l 
••tared  a 


••are     at  the  port  *48J97 

ton.;  rlrar~i    l"i:-.     '      I  W.KV4  I..IL.     M,.i.ihh     .li.-r*.  f..r    B»,I.  h 


mlb  «r.-  ii-.*,  l.-  »t  ihr  |.  f    company  $IOjDOO  a  month,  va«  di 

.•n.3    the  line,    rcuniietent  experU  «U 
leart  «m  for  wWh  the  canal  can 


C«a^«»lr*tUa*,-Tberew«r»981  mfle*of    to|IOWWa    The 


raOroadi  in  IHM.    The 

le*,    The  liohvar  line  from  Bar-        BeTolutlon. 
ranquilla  to  Puerto  BeliUo,  80  mil**,  wa*  com-    formerly  Governor  of  Caoca  and  the 

.me,  running  to     I,.  .il  wing  of  the  UberalW:  t . 


nnuzAr.  34  mile*;  alao  thr  Santa  planned,  in  December.  1894.  from  Cnracna  an 

,  ..m.na  armed  attemtit  againrt  the  derioal  admtnMra- 

,  bati PMAtatfTTaad  BofottMBfei  '•'.  -n  .  f  Pr.  •  :'.  r.-  •  ,r  ..r  ..-..:   •    -,  ..- 

HantaiKlr r  line  of  75  milM  wat  only  begun ;  eiile*  and  their  tympmllUMn  in  Rraador  and 


%  and  Central  America,    (ien.  Santo*  AooeU  and  ot*>- 
(ah   13  mile*  -                                       30  mile*.  '  r»l   chief.,   in   (^olomlMa  were    rr* 

the  Antioquia  Railroad  connecting  Medalli 

hmtoB*rrio,  llSmile*.  war*inoperatioii{  thi  te  UM    dqpMM8)8i  •  ?•  ,.,-,-. 

80  mile*  U  Bonda  were  more  Magdalen*  at  the  *ame  time  that  Gen.  Santo 

,»lf  completed  :  an.l  *>f  the  (iiranlot  hi,-.  I»omingo  V  vctnor  of 

ninning  98  mile*  through  the  mountain*  fn.m  *outhern  Cauca  with  a 

Ic4  to  Bogota.  85  mile*  were  conet- 


from  Oirardot  to  Juntas  de  Apula     Thi*  la*t  V« 

Una  wa*  begun  a*  a  Government  enterprise.    In  Government  wa*  forewarwd  and  prepared  to 

1885  it  wa*  handed  over  to  an  American  com-  pippreai  the  movamawt. 

twiii\.  «hi.  h  ha*  undertaken  to  build  the  remain-        The  flrrt  revolt  occurred  rn  Boca*  del  Tc 

M.h.f  *lft.OOO  wherva 

thinlof  thee*timatedco*Uand  again* 
.vide  ttaam  tran»ix>nation  bet  we* 


put  of  the  troops  mnUnirJ  and  dnltJei 
the  Government.  Tkto  wa*  eaaH?  avp- 
without  loai  of  Ufa,  la  U»  carf T  part 


_mTawlL 

mal  letter,  that 
' 
eluding  l—tal  run!*:    ,.f   M»m,.!,*.   r.r-MI       ' 

:•,  -••-  •     -•     -         '  .: '     - 

Man!  :».'n.. 

Tae  Panama  Boale.-An  arrangement  wa*    cromerr  ^  nnotaj 

th. 


olombian  Government  and  tn  waieJi 

the  liquidator  of  the  Fn  npejiv  Bogota  manv  of  th* *oldkr» and  pottc*  doairtad 

IHWI.  wh.-n-».t  '<•  to}oiathepopalarniove«iint.and  made  an  at- 

otmatrmlioa  of  an  tnUro«*nte  canal  w»*  pro-  tempt  to  oaptare  the  f 

VTformed  *hould  re*ome  work  btfbfa  *oaal  diredkci  of  Pr 


144 


COLON  HI  A. 


COLORADO. 


900  men  being  killed.  Several  of 
the  landing  Liberals  living  in  the  capita 
imprisoned.  Cucula  and  ••!».••<•  |"-:nt-  on  the 
frontier  were  taken  by  the  mvitding  rebels,  and 
arms  w«r*  introduced  frwly  through  Venesuela. 
The  rabak  i  i  ••iiiiil  themselves  of  the  Girardot 


Railroad,  and  captured  8  of  5  rim  gunboato 
thai  UM  Governor  of  Bolivar  bad  equipped  on 
ib*  Magdatena  rim.     Tbev  prepared  to  send 
an  expedition  ag»in*t  Honda  eo  M  to  < 
oommunkmUon*  with  Bogota;  whence  Govern- 
ment rt-eoforosments  were  dispatched  in  haste 
to  iJtftmi  that  place.    The  capture  <>f  Baran- 
ouilla  made  the  rebels  masters  of  navigat i 
the  Marlalrna,  but  on  1  v  u  :  « f  ael  Reyes 

arrived  in  Cartagma  with  1.000  men  and  5  river 
boats.  Some  foreign  resident*  in  Barranquilla, 
fearing  trouble  in  the  city,  hoisted  the  flags  of 
their  respective  countries.  The  local  authorities 
*  m  lowered,  and  issued  a  decree 
_  to  floe  and  imprison  any  private 
_  displaying  a  foreign  flag.  In  the  battle 
of  Papeyo,  near  Ibeque,  the  revolutionists  sus- 
Utaeda  disheartening  defeat,  800  of  them  b,  -in- 
captured.  Troops  were  sent  out  from  Carta- 
gena to  clear  that  part  of  the  country  of  insur- 
gents. The  Government  continually  increased 
its  forces,  arming  the  inhabitants  of  Cauca.  An- 
tioquia.  Bolivar,  and  Magdalena.  The  rebel 
forces  in  T<»li ma  surrendered  on  Feb.  8  at 
Chumbamuv.  After  the  route  of  Taclii: 
Feb.  5  at  Mundo  Nuevo,  Cundinamarca  was 
cleared  of  invaders.  In  the  province  of  Velez 
ami  other  central  districts  the  rebellion  was 
not  yet  suppressed,  but  Government  troops 
oloMQ  them  in  and  pursued  the  principal  body 
toward  Sogamoso.  A  detachment  of  invaders 
Habahia,  and  2*50  prisoners  and 


a  Urge  supply  of  modern  rifles  were  captured. 
On  Feb.  14  the  rebels  made  a  brave  resistance  at 
Cucuta,  and  on  the  following  day,  after  they 
had  been  driven  out  of  the  town,  they  returned 
and  attacked  the  Government  forces,  and  finally 
expelled  them  after  a  desperate  battle  that 
lasted  from  dawn  till  afternoon,  more  than  800 
illiil  on  both  sides,  among  them  the  rebel 
(ten.  ('tiarto.  A  small  expedition  from 
Port  Union  landed  at  Bocas  del  Toro  on  M 
8.  A  fierce  attack  was  made  upon  th<  t 
where  the  soldiers  were  surprised  in  their  sleep. 
The  rebels  lost  their  leader,  and  were  repulsed 
after  three  hours  of  fighting.  In  the  evening 
marines  were  landed  from  the  United  States 
vesatl  -  Atlanta**  to  protect  American  property. 
The  -Bafeigh**  had  before  this  been  ordered  to 
Colon  and  the  "Alert"  to  Panama,  to  be  ready 
to  land  troops,  as  was  done  in  1885,  in  case  the 
revolutionists  should  attempt  to  close  the  Pana- 
ma Kailmad.  Gov.  Arango  declared  the  depart- 
ment of  Panama  in  a  state  of  siege,  and  caused 
a  great  number  of  persons  to  be  confined  as 
political  prisoners.  A  fierce  battle  took  place  at 
Banana,  where  500  men  were  engaged,  and  90 
fell  on  both  sides.  The  rebels  haT  previously 
rapt  ured  Puerto.  A  few  days  later  Gen.  Martens 
gained  a  victory  over  a  large  body  of  rebels  at 
('•apitanejo,  near  Malaga.  Battles  were  f 
inCauca  at Cali  and  fiuga,  On  March  15  the 
Government  forces  under  Gen.  Reyes  defeated  a 
large  body  of  revolutionists,  and  captured  the 
town  of  Enciso.  The  rebel  loss  was  reported  to 


be  1,300  men  and  that  of  the  Government  TOO. 
Many  of  the  loyalist  soldiers  perished  during 
.,1  nian-h.  After  this  decisive  engage- 
ment the  rebels  were  too  much  discouraged  to 
take  the  field  again  in  force,  though  the  tinny  ..f 
<;•  ii.  Keyes,  originally  30,000  strong,  had  Been 
reduced  by  deaths  and  desertion  to  8,000. 
Guerrilla  raids  continued  in  the  mountainous 
districts,  and  martial  law  was  still  maintained 
through  the  country.  Concealed  ami'-  wen-  un- 
earthed ami  confiscated,  and  the  frontier  was  so 
closely  guarded  that  attempts  to  invade  the 
country  were  finally  given  up. 

To  obtain  means  to  prosecute  the  war  the 
Government  raised  forced  loans,  and  increased 
the  import  duties  15  percent., ami  put  a  heavier 
export  duty  on  coffee.  The  collection  of  a  spe- 
cial duty  of  10  per  cent,  on  goods  destined  for 
the  Isthmus  of  Panama  was  decided  I 
courts  to  be  illegal.  An  extra  tax  of  $10  a 
head  on  all  cattle  slaughtered  was  decreed,  and 
the  stamp  duties  and  internal-revenue  duties 
were  doubled. 

Italian  Indemnity  Claims.— After  a  long 
correspond. -nee  in  relation  to  claims  for  dam- 
ages amounting  to  over  $600,000  su>taineil  by 
Italian  citizens  during  the  revolution  ••: 

lombian  Government  proposed  that  the 
matter  should  be  referred  to  the  President  of 
the  United  States  for  arbitration.  The  proposi- 
tion was  accepted  by  the  Italian  Government, 
and  in  February,  1895,  President  Cleveland  sig- 
nified hi-  willingness  to  act  as  arbitrator. 

HH.OItAIH).:.  Western  State,  admitted  to  the 
Union  Aug.  1,  1876;  area,  103,925  square  miles. 
The  population  in  1880  was  194,327;  in  1890  it 
was  412,198.  Capital,  Denver. 

Government. — The  following  were  the  State 
officers  during  the  year:  Governor,  Albert  W. 
Mclntire,  Republican;  Lieutenant  Governor, 
.Tared  L.  Brush ;  Secretary  of  State,  Albert  B. 
McGaffey;  Trea-uivr.  Harry  K.  .Mulnix:  Au- 
ditor, C.  C.  Parks ;  Superintendent  of  Education, 
Anjanette  J.  Peavey ;  Attorney-General,  B.  L. 
Carr;  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
Charles  D.  Hayt ;  Associate  Justices,  Luther  M. 
Goddard,  and  John  Campbell. 

I'inanees.  Ttie  Treasurer1-  report  shows  the 
balance  on  hand  Nov.  30^1892.  to  ha\. 
$850,051.47;  the  cash  receipts  during  the  two 
years,  $2,502,208.01 ;  and  the  amount  from  in- 
vestment warrants  redeemed  and  interest,  $854,- 
688,41.  The  cash  disbursements  were  $2,706,- 
367.04;  the  warrants  bought  for  iim-tment 
amounted  to  $932,526.28;  and  the  cash  in  the 
treasury  Nov.  30,  1894  was  $567,99J>.r,7.  The 
floating  State  debt  amounted  to  $2,488,289.37, 
and  then**-!*  due  the  State  $1,180,081.59,  leav- 
ing the  net  floating  debt  $1,308,207.78.  The 
capital  bonds  amounted  to  $600,000. 

Education.— The  ninth  biennial  report  of  the 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  for  the 
two  years  ending  June  .'50,  1894,  gives  the  school 
population  of  1893  as  1 16,119  and  the  attendance 
46,187;  and  the  school  population  of  1894  as 
118,384,  and  the  attendance  58,330.  The  whole 
amount  of  money  paid  for  schools  in  1894  was 
.728.57,  of  which  $1,216,324.20  was 
teachers'  wages. 

The  report  of  the  State  University  at  Boulder 
shows  an  enrollment  of  159  university  students 


COLORADO. 


|.rrf*ral<»nr  »tu.lmt.  in 
'.'  |>rviar»' 

. 


iVrr»HV  rla**-»,   II  Jar.     til 

' 

Ue  oolbgtato  work  WM  completely 

reorvaitt/r«l  in  10Mb 

The  |.i v|«r»t..rir  ecbool  bat  bwn  IKBOUd  from 

UK-    BMIPU*    ..-I     ."v      -,-i     .1    n      :,-»-,.     |  f 

uldrr  a*isU  in 


afffealtore  was  fivea  la  Acrtmliui 

gfnnintf  Jan.  \  1NM.  t,  -  .  ,  U~  of  «l 

-.  annual  convention  of  I 


lion   of  Arnvfinui 

(Hallow  MK  to 


<  • 


. 
aalarfa*.     Important 

*torb»  hit 
•e*  in  *ricnc*. 

u'  aiw  assd  for  at.  art 

•-•ry  ««f  an 
rai«r«|    ^*v^    provided    with    machinery      Tbe 

•»5  from    thr   *  null   u 
be  aboat  {40.000.      I    r    further  income    tbe 

aawalfMaVtftit  V  4^aMaeawaw^al  MaTUaaw.    aVaaMwaaal   aJfaeTaaTa'aeTM'waaw'irMiai 

Tat  total  receipts  fur  tt» '(wo' JeaSoJSaaT  Oct. 


I>r.f  and  Blind 

•luring  the  period,  with  aa  alimd 

.t  th«  time  of  the  report,    Tbe  del 


>1177.    Besides  tbb.  an  apDropriatloa  of 

*..»  •••'    «..-    ••    B%     f    •      ".!  -..:.-        i!-.|...- 

Tbe  number  of  rfudenU  rnn>llr«l  in  thr  nor- 
mal «-bo»l  at  tirr.-h  f.  r  the  year  ending  Julv 
-.4.  wae  W.o7  whom  tA  were  firU    In 
•.ll.tiuntberewereao.n 

u   the  model  arhool,'  and  tt  in 

kui.l.  rk-nrt.  n  ;  .'«  .|i|.i..mn«  »«  n-  jrr«"««^'-     Thr 

Mlaaoberi  ampl  f9  r.  ....  :  !•  •  trial  *:: 
•W.    Tbe  rrrruu*  were  |ae.5?4.45.  and  tbe  ex- 

Tbe  Denver  and  Rio  Grande  Railway  Oonv 
pany  bat  eetablbbrd  at  tbe  Burnham  tnops  a 
aabunl  for  apprri  h  in  Man  h  had  an 


.    i-.    ah 

all  thr   railr.*.! 

bands  of  tbe  courtm  and  are 

l       - 

it  i* 


•n-  no«  to  tbe 


condition 


conton  o    te  woe  count  rv  in.  u.t  . 
.-m.1...  K*.  reduced  tbe  earning  t^hr  raiboada 
to  such  aD  extent  that  in  KMBO  imtaare*  H  ba« 


arr  taught  me- 


iiM.r,  I.,-.    - 

al  branches  in  such  a  wav  tl.at 
they  low  m»  tin  lie  crmtrary  pun  both 

.ral  m..|  th.-..r- 

he  State  Ajrricultural 
Oallafi    ii  i    Rxprfaaaal 

a4B  ftnk   **t    «>l%i    I.    *••  nfM 

•fo«awi,  oi  wnicii   ^,'"">  • 

rott    oa 

mom  v  'n>m  mlr  of  lands  jriren 

Government,  and   fr.-m   U-ase  of 


Meovld  be  run 

at  all/'     NoivKhftfandinj;  thi*  fart,  at  leaal  II 


new  roads  or  rxtoasioas  are  proWrtrU  in  ike 
>intr.aiMisomeareio|N«o«a»ofboildia«.    Tbe 

Valley    n«*l. 

•      •    >•    ..        •        -.        ..        -      .    -     •    , 


to 


e  8otttbrrn  road,  to 
totbeWet  Moaatalavallsy. 
InjtfromTrinr 


TWGmlfb 


fibbed  arr  thr 
.taar' 

c,    f.m.l    iMomll    Ullt:     ••  V    \riapaa. 
M&.000 


FV^ 


I;  an.1   $I..V« 
tale  of  stork  ami  fann 

'.  twa.  waa  lM.aad 

to    fell 

f  ilia,     A  collact  exprnmrni  .tattoo  under 


ntrol  of  tbe  State  ftoard  of  Afhrulturr  i* 
at   I  .s  and  aabetatloM  at 


oompaab*  froai  vritlac  pnHalaioatae  IIM 
cbildren  oadrr  ten  rean  of  a*»  if  MMOM 
U<«aal  aad  «oU.  iVe  piangi  of  tbe  law 

•  it 


M.mu  i.  Monte  Vbta. ami  «r  was  UH 

J,t  Uillrtin»  .m  farraia*  topics    aalhUaav  tbe 


».|-  and  othrr  Statra,  and  tent 
nititvtionstntbbaod 

otber  count  r^       \    «bort  practical  »>mr»  la 
XXXTU—  10  A 


COLORADO. 


CONV.O. 


-The  report  on  these  to  as  fol- 
sohooriai 


Indemnity  eehool  land*,  not  patented, 
4HJOT4B  acres:  ssUctsrt  by  former  boan 

i  •  ..  ; •  •  ;•>  :   ;••; 

board,  not  patented.  QfcMfrS  acres;  total,  n-.t 
patented.  680. 441  I*  arn*.  Add  school  lands  m 
S5oml6  and  86.  8.000.000  acre*.  Total  school 

,,:  .-  i    •  :  .-.  ;.v        *0  111  •  res, 
The  recript-  at  the  Slate  I*nd  Office  for  two 

,    ,  s          .    >-i    -   •     >:.,,  -..:.-;. 

ng  August,  September,  and  October,  1894, 

a  larger  number  of  homestead  entries  was  made 

than    in   any  three 

tn«mthf  finee  its  establishment,  the  nuuwrbe- 
ittf  ML  There  were  69  m.-re  mineral  entries 
thb  year  than  last  year,  and  75  more  mineral 


Motor*  and  miners.     Tin-  population  in  Septoin- 

» 11*  nearly  400. 

A  large  deposit  of  valuable  manganese 
i  •  •  have  " 


- 

"ftie  State  Land  Board  has  reclaimed  many 
Ihiiasand  acres  of  school  lands  on  which  pay- 
•MOU  have  n..t  been  kept  up  bv  tin-  purchasers, 
bat  which  bar*  been  left  heretofore  in  their 


•  lain*.—  The  strikes  that  took  place  among 
the  miners  in  1894  reduced  the  output  much 
below  the  estimate  made  at  the  baffaualng  of  the 

year,  especially  in  reference  to  the  amount  pro- 
duced at  Cripple  Creek.  Notwithstanding  this, 
the  fold  output  of  the  State  was  $4.000.000 larger 
that  of  1898.  More  than  one  third  of  the 


entire  product  of  the  State  was  from  the  Cripple 
Creek  District,  which  yielded  $4,050.000.  It 
seems  to  be  the  fact,  as  is  claimed,  that  the  4 
square  miles  of  this  district  make  up  the  richest 
tract  of  gold-yielding  ground  of  its  size  on  the 
continent,  if  not  in  the  world.  Leadville,  the 
neit  most  notable  gold  district  of  the  State,  pro- 
duced nearly  $2.000.000.  More  than  half  of  this 
came  from  one  mine,  the  Little  Johnnie,  and  all 
from  about  4  properties,  while  at  Cripple  Creek 
the  fiaying  mines  are  more  numerous  and  the 
profits  more  widely  dtrtrihut.-d.  Activity  in 
gold  raining  has  made  San  Miguel  the  most  pros- 
perous of  aU  the  counties  of  the  Southwest.  <  J 1 1  - 
pin  County,  which  stood  second  in  1898,  took 
third  position  in  1894  by  Leadville*s  large  out- 
put,  though  iU  yield  was  actually  larger  than 
during  the  former  year.  Goose  Creek,  in  (iuu- 
o won  County,  is  a  new  gold  section  that  promises 
well,  and  new  mines  were  opened  in  (til pin,  Clear 
Creek,  and  Boulder  Counties,  the  old  properties 
in  which  continued  to  be  productive. 

I«advill«  u  still  the  largest  silver  producer  of 
the  Slate,  the  product  for  1894  being  7,889,992 
ounces.  The  figures  representing  the  mineral 
yield  of  1W4  are  as  follow:  Gold.  $11.750.000; 


smelu-rs  of  the  State  show 


that  their  purchases  of  gold,  silver,  and  copper 
ore  were  greater  during  the  first  six  months  of 
MM  than  during  the  same  months  in  1894. 
those  of  lead  wm  smaller. 

ViiJIean,  in  Onnnison  i  v,unty.  12  mike  south  of 
ttummoncity.and  partly  .!„,». 

he  newest  mining  town  in  the  State,  Pros- 
pert  ing  has  been  done  there  for  some  years  at 
times:  it  has  now  been  found  that  a  mineral- 
bean  ng  quart*  that  had  been  observed  on  the 
surface,  but  passed  by  as  valueless,  is  rich  in  gold, 
and  the  place  has  been  rapidly  filled  with  pros- 


have  IK-CII  found  al».iit  V*(l  miles  south  "f 
Silver  Cliff,  in  <  .nty.  and  claims  have 

been  filed  <>n  al>«ut  I.O<M>  ., 

total  coal  product  of  the  State  for 
was  2,994,028  short   tout,  n  decrease 
from  that  of  1893.    This  decrease  was  < In.  t«,the 
strike,  which  kept  4,000  or 5,000  coal  min. 
of  work  Cor  eereral  months,    Tin -re  were  19  fatal 

••nts  in  coal  mines,  15<>f  which  were 
by  the  fall  of  rock  atid  coal  and  hv  the  had  man- 
agement of  inexperienced  mil  • 

I  .11  in  i  nir.—  The    value    of    I  he    agricultural 
produrt  for  1894  was  given  in  round  numbers  at 

">.<MH>.      It  is  estimated  that  .J.000.0«>'. 
"f   land  are  supplied    with    irrigatim:   ditch. -s. 
This  does  not  mean  that  there  are  4,o<MHXio  irri- 
gated and  cultivatexl  to-day,  hut  then-  are  that 
many  acres  now  under  systems  of  ditches  and 
canals  that  eventually  will  produce  eulthat.d 
crops.    Of  the  4,000.000  acres  there  are  2,500,000 
acres  under  actual  cultivation.     During  tl 
803  ditch  surveys  were  recorded,  but  then-  i-  no 
record  of  the  amount  of  work  accomplished. 
There  are  in  the  State  1,000,000  acres  of  vega  or 
meadow  lands  that  never  require  artificial  irri- 
gation  and   another  1,000,000  acres  of  fenc.d 
pasture  lands  adapted  to  the  growing  of 
grain  without  other  irrigation  than  the  rainfall. 

The  prevailing  tendency  appears  to  be  toward 
the  production  of  fruit.  The  orchard  acreage  of 
the  State  amounts  to  100,000  acres,  with  a  fair 
valuation,  merging  old  and  new  orchards  into 
one,  of  $50  an  acre.  The  fruit  output  for  l^.i-i 
amounted  to  $3,000,000.  Mesa  County  is  one  of 
the  new  fruit-producing  districts.  Th"e  western 
slope  is  developing  into  a  grape-growing  s. 
some  varieties  being  successfully  grown  which 
have  heretofore  been  supposed  b> flourish  only  in 
California.  The  amount  of  alfalfa  annually  Cut, 
is  estimated  at  2,500,000  ton- :  the  wool  Hip  for 
1894  amounted  to  12,000,000  pounds,  valued  at 
$3,000,000 :  and  the  annual  potato  crop  amounts 
to  about  150,000  tons,  valued  at  $3,000,000. 

Mining  and  Industrial  Exposition.— The 
twentieth  anniversary  of  the  admission  of  Colo- 
rado to  the  Union  was  to  be  celt  -I. rated  in  1896 
by  an  exposition  at  Denver  of  the  products  of 
the  State  and  of  the  West.  A  site  was  P. 
and  secured — 120  acres  of  land  in  the  southeast 
portion  of  City  Park  and  30  acres  of  the  school 
land  adjoining  on  the  south.  But  finally  the 
enterprise  was  abandoned. 

n»N«Of  INDEPENDENT  STATE  OF 
Mil.  a  sovereign  monarchical  state  created 
with  the  consent  of  all  the  powers  and  dcH.nv  1 
perpetually  neutral  in  conformity  with  th- 
era!  act  of  the  Congo,  which  was  signed  a 
In..  Keb.  26,  1885.  Leopold  II,  King  of  the 
>us,  who  was  declared  its  sovereign,  ceded 
his  sovereign  rights  to  Belgium  by  his  will,  made 
on  Aug.  2,  1889.  By  a  convention  made  on 
July  .3,  1890,  Belgium  acquired  the  right  to 
•  h>  State  after  a  period  of  ten  years.  A 
codicil  of  the  will,  dated  July  21,  1890,  declares 
the  territories  of  the  State  to  he  inalienable. 
The  convention  mentioned  above  was  ratified  hy 
the  Belgian  Chambers  on  July  25,  1890.  A  sin- 
gle Secretary  of  State  has  direction  over  all  the 


<•<>,   INDEPENDENT  STATE  OF  1 

branches  of  tha  Oantrml  Government,  of  which  not  baan  trainrd  u»  labor,  and 

Braasfli  is  tha  saat.    Kdmnnd    van  K»  n  «n-  Mill  Urfctng.    In  certain  i*. 

ihr  hr-»  of  ih,.  i,..i  majajajaaj   MtabJn+r.1  ,- r    <  n  s*4  other  •ban*  .•,..:,,       . 

gold.    Tha  export  trad*  ha*  steadily  grow*  from 

Area  and    Population.     The    area  of    tha  IJBaVOOO  franca  in  lt*7  to  iu  prr* 

~l  at  §70400  anttareniUa,  aiona.    The  imporuuium  of  textile*  and  other 

.-  population  at   14.000.000.    Tha  number  manufacture  have  incnaaid  with  likr  m; 

attheen                                whom  aiid^^i ahar^originalJy  amall.  aowV 

-Tha  bed?                 ••  niada  tha  7|a7>mMbtror  vesaels  that  visited  the  ports 

JO  of  Boma  and  Banana  during  18M  waatnTof 

tnmvK  revoking  the  former  >  Tto  Ga^kf«  IU II road. -Of  the  railroad  that 

ted  tha  Independent  Stale  to  levy  U  u>  connect  the  brad  of 


ha  amva  trade,    lowar  Congo  with  Stanley  Pool  50  mika  of  tha 

to    tfiO  were  in  oDeration  at  tne  clo»  of  I8M. 
'-•  PrtBiiM  hrkiaa  AB««uUiw«.--The  King 

-OjOOO    of  thTBeli^  gave  4aOOO.(K»  franc,  for  the 
origtoal  tatahtiahnant  of  tha 

.    a  year  out  of  hi* 
force,  948.-    longar  in  a  poaWo 

franc,  for  caravan*.  W7J90D  franc,  for  civil     anilhr  Krrr  Stair  i.  al«.  flnaii.-ialh  • 

rxpenaatin 


tyndkmtoo 

(M.'N.rh.  •».,.». 
f        .  i 

eof  Manrema.    The  Belgiai 
rpoard  the  objection,  after  the  Man 
Therr  arc  7  armed  ataamara  on  tha  lower  and    vema  AjaorfaOoo  had  baan^rmteoL  thai  th« 


i  nerr  arr  i  annoo  aiaamara  on  ina  tower  ana  yaaam  Aiaooauon  nad  Daan  organtaKt.  tnal  tne 

I>par  Congo,  bmidea  aailboata.  .     -      -      •' 

Commarca.— Tl»e  total  value  of  the  genar, 

•DmmarOB    .;.  !  •    -I   *a«»  HM4*».^*>  frnm**  f'-r  irn-  ( '. -II^M  ti  rnt.  r i«  •».      1  \.\\ .:  „•   !     .  »..   ;•'»«.*•     f 

porta  and  7..*»  1.1.000  franc*  for  exporta,  divided  relief,  tha  Belgian  mtoiatry  waa  ooaatratoad  to 

amring  different  countriea  aa  follows:  take  up  the  qoaatkm  of  Immcdhila  — —rmHt. 


:.•      .. 

u  ;• 


r  ami  Belgium  oa  Jan.  9,  Ma*. 

I^oppld  ceded  to  Balgtom  tha 
ignty  of  tha  Congo  State,  with  all  tha 
and  obligation*  appa 


natural 
Mgum  • 


Tha  prinri,«l  ,  xj--rt ,  «  v.  ft\90&JOO    for  •nnet.tion.  which  waa  to  be aabmJltad  lolha 

>l«ian  Cnamber  within  three  montha.  i 


064  franca;   palm  oil,  500.038  franc.;  coffee,    amd  that  no  owtlayahovld  ha 
:ur,  >,;  ftin  -  the  aa^nt  of  tha  Belgian  Miniat 

\OOOfranoJkaiMl    an.ltlwii  if  thenormaJraralpUioftJ 


The  »paciaJ  imnorU  were  9.175.000 

vporta  of  the  produce  of  tha  State  wrr 

UM.OOO  franca  in  value.    The  ex  port*  now  con-  the  oVAdt.    Tha  total 

aiat  of  natural  product*  auch  aa  rubber,  palm  at  ft.nOO.OOOfraaA.incl 

oil.  palm  n  This  laat,  eonalttut.  of  i  .000,000  fr»i* 

ing  more  than  ha  tola!  trade,  b  boand  OOO  franc*  contributed 

rrajio  ra|--  onlv  cultivate!  nn^l  »  mpoata.  and  other  t 

Mta  are  rice  an.lni.v  -  ru  of  whk3b  are  Whem  tha  amiiiatiiai  bill  waa  totrodmoid  to  tha 

-.       •    .«    ,»i         .    .  r»  ...ftt^^l  teWl^a&Aam     Vhaa^*a*amk^^aA     *t     ^M.« 

nM^nnncanu     inere  i*  a  vaai  temiory  aaiwa  imajpaa)  raraaaaaam  a  waa 

,  j  I  *     *%*%Jla^a\      eiwftav^a*       •'••i^iuTMi       Ataal  §tV   I  ImaV  ^^W*lamJMflai  a\ffwi    B^wVaaWl 

probably  cotton,  as  well  as  rice  and  maixe.  and  reWivad  or  openly  tnadam 

for  the  roaring  of  cattk;  but  the  natives  haw  the  Bight.  O»)Uy*tthe< 


148 


OONOo.  IN  DBNT  STATF.  OF  'IMF. 


deoided  to adjourn  the debate  in.lrnnii.-lv.  M. 
de  Merode,  who  was  re*|* 

that  wa»  made  in  view  of  immedm 

't**ned  hb  post  a»  IWgian  Minister 
of  PorHfn  Affair*.    Arrangements  were  made 

wbo  bad  »d  *  anoed  S.OOO.OUU  f  ran.-*  to  the  Congo 
Slal*.  whorrby  the  |myment  of  the  loan  was  de- 
ferral mi  I  thr  tm.  I  of  Unii  BOftfMSd,  f«»r  the 
loan  remained  in  the  possession  of 

.,(  «iilidrawalof  thr  lull. 

inoVflnttfly  postponing  annexation  after  three 
moti th* of  agitated  discussion,  was  aUn I >u( e<l  i.. 
the  King,  who  h»d  found  I ln«  opposition  Mronger 
than  w*«  mUu  ijwited.  and  would  not  be  a  parly 
to  saddling  Belgium  with  -•  momentous  a  re- 
sponsibUHr  b?  a  majority  of  only  six  ,,r  seven 
VOtSS.  The  f  ham  NT 


by  Baron  d'Anethnn  and  M.  I  l:in..|;iux.     In  the 

•tirle   thr   i  MTimu-nt    rei-. 

that    From  •  •   i-mptimi  OV6I  n 

f 


subsequently  authorize*! 
a  loan  of  5J6?,415  francs  out  ,.f  the  treasury  to 
par  off  the  debt  to  M.  de  Browne,  a  further  ad- 


of  1.500.000  francs  to  cover  the  budgetary 
ijsinitinrr.  and  a  subsidy  of  10.000.000  francs  to 
Ute  Congo  Railway  Corapam  I  n  April  the  com- 
pany had  borrowed  5.000,000  francs  from  Bel- 
gian banker*,  in  addition  to  2,500,000  francs  ad- 
vanced by  them  in  thr  previous  September. 


These  advances  were  to  be  repaid  out  of  the  sub- 
francs  the  comj>any 
expected  to  carry  the  lino  !».">  kilometres  beyond 


tidy.    With  the  1 0.000.000  francs  the  comj>an: 


Lufu.  the  tonnihu.H.  in  N*<»VCMI|MT.  1894,  when 
the  length  constructed  was  80  kilometres.  The 
promise  of  the  Belgian  Government  t«  furnish 
this  sum  was  acoompanie<l  with  the  reservation 
of  a  right  to  purchase  the  railroad  within  five 
Tears.  By  June,  1805.  the  line  wns  laid  for  102 
kilometre*,  and  .  .lafed  that  Kini[>esse, 

160  kilometres  from  Matadi,  would  be  reached 
in  May,  18Q& 

franco -Belgian  Agrf«»eit  —  After  the 
•tgning  of  the  treaty  of  Jan.  9  the  French  Gov- 
ernment made  reservation*  as  to  the  right  of 
preemption  of  the  same  nature  as  the  reserva- 
vations  that  M.  KiU.t  insisted  upon  in  1890, 
which  induced  active  ne*r  •  hat  had  no 

definite  outcome.     Toe  riui.t   of  pr.-.-mpti..n 
nfahnrrl  by  France  WM  first  formulated  in  a  let- 
ter of  Col.  President  of  the   Int.-nm- 
tional  Association  of  the  Congo,  dated  April  28, 
1884,  and  Jule»  Ferry's  reply.    On  May  31, 1884, 
M.  Ferry,  the  French  Minister  of  Foreign  Af- 
fairs, notified  the  powers  of  this  agreement  in  a 
circular  letter.    Aft«-r  the  Independent  State  of 
the  Oonco  succeeded  to  the  possessions  of  the 
Congo  Association  there  was  an  exchange  of 
views  in  April,  1887.  in  regard  to  th 
of  the  agreement    When  King  Leopold  ei 
into  the  convention  of  18«»  U.kin^ 
annexation  of  the  Congo  M.  Kilx.t.  • 
Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  called  for  an  expla- 
natlon acknowledging  that  the(VmgoSut<-  would 
not  be  able  to  cede  its  possessions  to  Belgium 
without  imposing  upon  the  latter  the  obli 
to   reeocniie    France's    n. 
After  M.  BotireV.  Fn-t.r -h  miniver  in  Brussels, 
had  renewwl  the  reservations  of  his  (i 
M.  d'Anethan.  thr  IHginn    minister  in   Paris. 
wrote  on  Jan.  18. 1805.  that  the  obligations  of 
the  International  Association  had  passed  to  the 
Congo  State,  and  in  pit^inc  to  Belgium  would 
acquire  still  further  guarantees. 

On  Feb  5. 1805,  a  treaty  was  signed  at  Paris 


possessions  on  tl  B  of  llirir 

JI..II.  I'V   Mil-  I  liole    or    II, 

exchange  of  ierriton  ..i  placing 
<>f  t.-i  •  •   .1  :  •  ••  i^n  state  or 

a  foreign    eompaiiy  n.  h   rights  « 

ereignty  prelim  n  i.in.'H  with  theGov- 

ernment  of  tin-  l-'r.-m  )i  ll.-pul.lic  must  taki-  phu-e. 
In   the  second   arliele   the    l'.«-l.i;iaii  (  i-,\  ernmeni 
es  that  there  .shall  never  begratuitous  ees- 
-i.  -n  of  any  territory.    ThethiM  .plains 

that   these"  arratigeinenis  a|.j»ly  to  the  whol.-  of 

up-.      Added  to 

i  jrerliiflll  '  .it  ion   ilrtin- 

inir  the  iMiundary  line  in  Stanley  Pool,  which  is 
the  median  line  "except  at  t  lie  i-land  of  I'aniii. 
which  shall  U-lon^  t<.  l-'rancr.  ..n  condition  that 
no  military  e.stalili.-hinent  shall  be  created  there. 
r\|>an-ion  of  the  Stale.  I  lie  n-ut  of  the 
Aral.-  -a\e  fn-e  scope  to  the  Coiip»  State  to  ex- 
tend Its  Influence  to  ii>  n-moie>t  front  ier>.  Not 
only  have  the  Arab  rulers  in  the  Manyema  coun- 
try been  overthrown.  l»ut  the  iers  on 

the  northern  frontier  and  throughout  the  \\  elle 
districts  have  been  driven  out.  Katanga  also 
has  been  occuj  tied.  The  native  populations  have 
improved  in  their  manners  at  a  rapid  rate  wher- 
ever the  rule  of  the  Free  State  ha-  I.een  estab- 
lished, and  in  return  for  the  benefits  of  civili/a- 
tion  and  commerce  they  are  being  gradually 
brought  to  participate  in  the  costs  of  civili/ed 
rule  oy  the  establishment  of  taxes  and  the  for- 
mation of  military  coiitinp-ii'-.  ]',y  creating  a 
native  militia  the"  State  can  sav  the  heavy  ex- 
pense of  maintaining  a  mercenary  soldiery  en 
listed  in  West  Africa.  The  camps  of  Kassongo 
and  houanpi  have  been  fortified  and  garrisoned 
with  trained  native  soldiers  at  small  exp-  n-  . 
The  same  material  is  used  largely  in  the  defen- 
sive occupation  of  the  northeastern  provinces, 
which  was  deemed  necessary  in  view  of  the  in- 
cursions of  the  Mah.  lists.  Late  in  1804  the  for- 
tified post  of  Mundu,  commanded  by  ('apt.  de 
Langhe,  was  attacked  by  4,000  Mahdistfl  ami 
their  auxiliaries,  but  it  was  successfully  defend- 
ed and  the  assailants  were  repeatedly  repelled 
by  the  small  disciplined  force,  and  finally  routed 
and  driven  from  their  camp  at  Egaru,  although 
some  had  the  newest  rifles.  Capt.  (  hristiaens 
wa-  killed.  The  Congo  officials  have  made  allies 
of  the  strongest  sultans  in  the  \Velle  district, 

who  miiM     now    depend    upon    the   < 

•lone  to  obtain  arms  to  defend  them* 
marauding  bands  from  the  north.     In  the  spring 
of  1895  the  Mahdists  attacked  another  p 

the  Akkadi-triet.  and  in  a  desperate  fight  killed 
Lieut,  ('assart  and  19  men.    The  auth-  ; 
the  Congo  State,  however,  was  so  firmly 

that  only  isolated  posts  wen-  In  dang**, 
Charles  Stokes,  a  British  trader  who  was  on<-e  a 
missionary,  for  a  long  time  supplied  the  nhels 
against  the  authority  of  the  Congo  State  and  all 
the  slave-raiders  of  the  upper  Congo  with  arms 
and  ammunition,  in  which  traflic  he  amassed 
great  wealth.  Commandant  Lot  haire.  arriving 
unexpectedly  at  Kilunga,  in  the  region  of  the 
upper  Congo,  found  arms  that  Stokes  had  brought 
and  a  letter  to  the  chief  Kibange,  in  which  the 
trader  announced  that  he  would  come  to  aid  in 


IOVALBOL 

forcoa.     lie  lied  before    debt  wa* 

Wa*  i.% rrt«krii   •  !..!      The  Whole 


repelling  the  Helgbn  fora 

martial  „ 


•  l»i.  -••••n  n,.   juodif 


AI..| 


ilr   it.  •tailable  to- 


riw  all  ooww  voifltJOt,    It  aided  to 

•  i .  •   - 


it  UM  iirganltoltnti 
ngutreait  •!-  .luring  the  MOM  yaar  78 

'••*  protaata  or  France,    churrbe*  grew  out  of  UM  aaboohi  organiatd  by 

'  which  had  been  |i  •  ralojfaaJ  amioarir*  (Andotwr. 

hioago,  Han' 

Yalr,  rHuniM  for  ihr  ,rar  1M94-' 
M.  \HMNV  MS  is.    HUltetteo  wf    on,  t7  inatruotort  and  lactarm.  » 


of  in. 


Wi 

•I-     vaneed  or  graduate  cla**,  ntd  4fl6*  undergradit' 
n-     a(< 

lloiur  fllftftloaarj  Horlety.— The*ixty.ninth 
of    annual   morim-  of  i 

I  in  Saraln^  X.  V, 
ir-     June  4  to  6.    Oe.  ward  prided.    TW 


ety    a 
.    Tb*r»- 


Mtl :  of  Younjt  rVople't    bmo  U»  ymr  with  •  deU  . .; 

•MMkaih 
i,ool«,    750,  while  the  MixilMtin  had  rtiwd  a»i 

lt.    UM  lo- 


ing  the  cwah  oo  hand  at  UM  bagiaaiag  of  UM 
«64AJill.     Theeipeoditar^by  the 
VU  itarlf  and  br  the  amiltariai  to  their  MT- 
firl.lv  ami  including  $11.070  raah  to  hand 

|VtaMiaTtoboOa\*S6»U4;    f-r  I...M.-I,-  r,.,l  ,,l.       f    r    •:•/•-    pMBJbl     a'"-     OBd       '    •          PJOI     -v! 

•96,769;  other  beoetroleot  ...ntnl..  .-on  1690.064.    The  Haral  rear  waacloatd  with 

t     .  net  indrbtednca*  of  $1X.' 

gnni  in  l.-tfni  i.-.  $744.».*»17.    An.. .nut  .     •  • :   •    .'••[      nn<l    oteolMOfwl    »«•  "i-     OrforfOwOfiOl    OOd    hOHJ 

uiplofedtn45SUte9an<lTemt«ir«.     of  ihaea, 

«lVln7.      H.I..  -  •:,-.,!    •    .,.t,,l.u.,..n.   Ol   > m%       »M    na.i    ' •  Vwl    »-. •    ,     -.         ;  M 

ODbook   $1&X»4I.      •  N  4.067  are    die  State..  106  in  the  Southern  Statra. 


HtanMdoo<tOBppliedMand  U975MMfMoM''j    tko  Sowtfivootori   Btatet,  Ml 


u  rnpMcnl  in  rvtnil.r  i*-     Statm  «..-!  T.-rntorir*.  and  196  on  UM  Paoiio 

tore)  work  .».-:  .,-    c<MMt 

!>  year  rtali«k»~   gire  li»U  of    of 


t;  997  had  been  parton  or  HaMd  mpph« 
tingle  oooffrafatiooa.  whOe  617  had  a&av 

a  toi«|  valuation     trrwl  to  two  or 

:  1  1  had  exteodMi  their  labor*  over  atOl  wider 
-H.U.  amounting    fields.    The  toUl  number  of  uharnbia  aad  ala- 


«~  4.104.  be. 


•in  1^4.  Bohemian*,  6  to  Pole*  1ft  to  Prate*.  I 

.  *17l».7V7  .liana,!  to 

expend!  >n  thr  .tu.l. -nt  .1,-  to  Ih»iMB,S  b     ' 

Itartmmt.  aU.m  880  regular  beneflciariea,  be-  Greek*.    The 

parim 

ted  State*  ..lU-c-  •»«•! 

academy   department.  M  colleger  and  6  acwl- 

I  'tah.  a  training 

nt  I 


11  . 

mcnt  <>r  «'  •         s  BOB  oaan  i*>    nMa^ooaf^O^aTI 


iMMXrrUTT 

•8.000  annually  'fn-m  tho  *.--..  tv  !,•»..     reported  a  lo»»  of  More  than  ftJKIO  u 
"  l5gra«liiat.-N  who  are  now  m*tor* and    rrcaipto  for  UM  whole  work.    Tbr  . 

t, >     S *^*^|«*    .       >-  -  -»  •       -       —  ^t_>_       i.  ra»»a       .  r^rl 

as.  •          »..»•.»        •  .       .  •>    •     .     . 

merican    Congregational    Aawdatkio    parluafw»  had  bato  received  and  •ml  out  to  the 


iifregational  l!<to»r  a*    wtiMMled  rmJoe  of  fTtjWt.     A  paper  on  -  Open 
•t   13  *Ud.OOO.    Thr    Door*,"  read  by  Sccmary  WaAiaftoo 


100 


UEGATIONALIST& 


Attention  to  tho  opportunities  f«>r  mis- 
riooary  work  in  I'tah.  Now  M«-\i«-.-.  An/-  -no. 
SOBthsfB  r«hf"inut.  mul  T.-xnv  A  *porial  |«n- 
•  •«  irad  by  Secretary  J.  It  Clark  mi  the 
financial  mditfosj  «f  the  nestty.  A  plan  was 
jjiopiH  for  raising  a  sufflcirni  amount 
Ihtdtbt  of  thettdety  by  1.400  subscript 

•rh;  and  smrml  wibsrripUons  wen?  made 

SM  |   •• 

V»«rrhB«lldl»*  Society.- 
annual  meeting  of  the  Congregational  Church 
Brtdteg  Society  was  hold  rk  .!a...  i<». 

1lM 


rarrapoit*d  an  increase  botb  m  the 

mi.i    in  i  ho  nninlNT  *>f   contributing 


church*-.    The  receipts  were  $153,1:< 

t  »>••-•  ..f  the  previous  year,  ami  the 


•nbutiinr  chuivhes  was  2.- 
r  than  in  any  prerioot  year.  Aid  In  I 
bam  given  toward  the  completion  of  54  nawon- 
afsajn  which,  by  means  of  loans  of  * 
property  valued  at  $62.115  hail  boon  brought 
into  u*i>;  and  109  booses  of  worship,  in  which 
tW,7*S  of  church  i.r..|«Tty  hail  been  secured 
by  advancing  $70.738.  The  average  cost,  in- 
dudinij  lot*,  of  the  parsonages  was  about  $1.150, 
and  the  average  parsonage  loan  about  $408. 
The  average  cost  of  the  churches  completed  was 
fem,  and  the  average  aid  $694.  Of  the 
churches  aided,  8  had  been  given  loans  only,  -j  1 
loans  and  grant  s  and  89  grants  only. 
American  .Missionary  Aiwoclatlon.—  The 

mth  annual  meeting  of  the  American 
Missionary  Asmciation  was  held  at  Detroit. 
Miciu,  in  October.  The  receipts  for  the  year 
had  been  $307.547,  and  the  expenditures  $887,- 
8S4.  The  deficit,  $20,787.  added  to  the  debt. 
fMJOl.  brought  over  from  the  previous  year 
made  the  present  indebtedness  of  the  society 
$91^088.  in  addition  to  the  onlinary  re<-*-i|its. 
the  association  had  received,  as  income  from 
the  Daniel  Hand  fund,  the  sum  of  $45.275  and 
endowment  funds  to  tin-  amount  of  $4.H10.  which 

its  total  income  $857,632.    Motwithstand- 


9  debt,  the  present  rate  of  annual 
was  $50.000  less  than  it  had  been 
three  yean  previously.   Some  of  the  schools  and 
missions  had  been  closed,  and  those  which  n- 
•  fflciency  and  power 
tnpass  <  -rk.    The  follow- 


in  efficiency  and  power 

and  in  the  compass  of  th.-!r  «..rk.  The  follow- 
ing  statistics  were  presented  of  the  educational 
and  missionary  work  of  thesoci-  -i.-nai 

work  South— higher  in-t it ut i.,i,s  ft;  normal  and 
graded  schools,  80;  common  schools,  29;  in- 
strMors,  405;  pupils,  11,081.  Church  work 
South— churches.  198;  missionaries,  188;  m-  m- 
bers,  10.478;  »M««I  during  the  vear,  134« 
.lay^chool  scholars, 

(included  above)— churches.  51 ;  member*. 
schools,  17;  pupils,  t,OS4;  teachers  and  mission- 
aHsa,  «2;  ministers,  2&    Work  among  the  In- 
dUn*-churcbr*.  14 ;  members,  005:  schools,  21 ; 
lisstonaries  and  teachers. 80 ;  pupils,  878 :  Sun 
1.400.     Work   iiinon, 


scholars, 


amoi. 

20;  teachers,:.'  i.oil: 

«»?     ro 


professing 

faith  in  ChrM  during  the  vear.  40.    General 
Mimroanr~^h^.l..  117.  jnipAs,  18,782  ;  mission- 
aries. 649:  church**.  212:  church  members,  11,- 
381  :  Sunday-school  scholars.  15.289.    For 
now  chnrrbe*.  with  more  than  !.«•"• 
had  been  organised  in  the  South  and  West.   The 


out  station-  1  with  the  work  amon-  the 

[ndian*— Which   u-ually  n-p n-sent  a   lions, 
|.n-d  li\    a  ChriMiaii    Imiian   and   his  \\  if,..  aii«l  a 
whool  and   a  church,  "r.  perhaps,  a  circuit   of 
churches — are  situated  in  ."»  (liUVivni  Stai- 
reach  probably  not  far  fr«.m  2«i  tnl.cs.    'I 

missionaries  occupied  thcs it  stations,  and.  i't 

was  estimated,  came  in  contact  with  aiion* 
In. liana  every  year.     A    new   ini-ic.n   had    l.cen 
O|HMHH|  during  the  year.  l»y  tin*  aid  of  funds  ,-..n- 
trilmted  especially  for  that    puriK>so,  amon^'  the 

Indians.     Missionary  work   had   1" 
sinned    annmi:    the    Ivskiinos    in    Alaska,    with 
manifestations  of  c..nsi<lcral)le  religious   , 
ainoiiK  the  people,  ami  an  enrollnient  <-f  t  : 
;iii    av.-rap-   attendance   of    lus   in    the    H-|I..,,|S. 
The  whole  nuiiilier  of  additions  during  ?l, 
In  the  membership  of  the  churches  in  the  South 
ami  West  was  1.4'J."i.     An  increase  of  churches 
and    of   ineinlN-rs    had   taken    place  during  the 
year  in   the    "mountain   iron,"    or  the    work 
aiming  the  people  of  the  mountain  region  of  the 
Southern  States.     Of  the  pupils   in   the   » 
in  the  South,  »1  were  classed  as  theologi 
as  collegiate,  198  as  collegiate  preparatory,  l.:t;« 
as    normal  studi-nts.  j.r.ji  ^  grammar-school 
pupils.  3,170  as  intermediate,  and  4,552  as  pre- 
paratory. 

In  the  industrial  departments  of  the  schools 
are  taught  shoenmking,  carpentry,  printing, 
tinning,  cabinetmaking,  wagon  making,  hlack- 
smithing,  sewing,  cutting,  nursing,  and  other 
like  arts.  One  normal  school  in  the  South,  that 
at  Orange  I'ark.  Ha.,  is  especially  mentioned 
in  the  report  as  having  been  "  made  an  object 
of  determined  attack  by  the  State  Superintend- 
ent of  Public  Instruction,  who  has  influenced 
the  enactment  of  laws  which  make  it  a  criminal 
offense  not  only  to  allow  a  white  student  in  the 
same  school,  but  also  for  a  white  teacher  to  he 
boarded  under  the  same  roof  with  colored  pupils. 
The  law  is  so  vicious  in  intent,  and  so  signifi- 
cant in  its  purpose,  that,  after  legal  opinion-  of 
eminent  counsel,  our  committee  have  found  no 
other  way  but  to  test  its  validity  :  not  in  a  spirit 
of  disobedience  to  law.  luii  with  a  determination 
to  have  the  deliverance  of  the  highest  po^-i 
authority  upon  a  law  which  we  consider  un- 
christian." 

American  Board.— The  eighty-sixth  annual 
meeting  of  the  American  Board  of  Commis- 
••-  for  Foreign  Missidhs  was  held  in  Brook- 
Ivn.  N.  V..  Oct.  15  to  18.  The  treasurer's  report 
showed  that  the  total  receipts  for  the  year  had 
i  ••  D  >;]•;>:;;.  or  $11.70I  more  than  in  the  pre- 
vious year.  Among  the  details  of  the  receipts. 
i  of  $38,222  was  returned  in  the  regular 
contributions  from  churches  ami  individ 
decrease  of  $14,628  in  special  gifts,  and  a  de- 
crease of  $33,833  in  legacies,  the  whole  amount 
received  from  this  source  being  the  smallest  sum 
i  fn.m  it.  with  one  exception,  in  five  years. 
Other  items  in  the  receipts  were  $!l.o:{|  fn.'m  in- 
terest $41.367  from  the  legacy  of  Asa  Oti-.  and 
$47.071  receive/1  for  the  debt.  The  expendi- 
tures had  been  $71 -Y -.'.;•.'.  The  debt,  which 
amounted  to  $116.237  at  the  beginning  of  the 
year,  had  been  reduced  to  $114,632.  The  I 
missionary  work  comprised,  in  20  fields  in  Ku- 
rope,  Asia.  Africa,  and  Oceaniea,  10:'.  '-tat ions, 
1,163  out  stations,  1,461  places  for  stated  preach- 


inff.  vith  areraf*  eoomffaUoiM  of  TtjMO  p*r-    rmry  wU  .1  ban* 
fan*     In    ihr~    rtarfoM  vm»  awlojrad  T07    **~liioau 


It 

M 

l«»tnr«.  800  Mllva  praajWm  and  ral»- 

VB»  1.1" 

aaj  ..     ib  ••  ••    •  '.;••      i    •    «••: 


sejrwai 


7»-t4J      .TWiib. 


•UaA^^  lm  m  a»«  ^M^M^A.  ^M*^^  «4>^.  i^^«L^^»^| 

' 

SfflL'g&aHy-ir.fig 
^^^*    atfttef     am     tt   amtj^     «*«%a^^«Ml 
- 


lbe<*fcl*Myiab»«M». 

aVi^BaY    llft«    flBBBBBBBBBBad  I 

wTtb! 

' 


itttberof  rburrh 
Ibr   Ivcmiiintf.  .<    i..-«rli    ,-      -ul.l    I-    Ir.rt.r,!. 

lacmlKmaJ  «lr,. 
l<  tWofafttal   aMiMriai  and  aUtlon 


McollMMandl 

n  all.  5Mia  pmoM  mdar  iaHnMHom. 


of     the     flliftt.....     «a»     H.r 

tSn^^b^uTbl? 


*,  v  I 

•luring  lb»  |«*t  few  ram.  an 

baia)  abk>  to  matain  Ha  work  wiiboat  amtfte- 

Ita  ooU  by  drmwinn  upon  two  larvt  apadal 

•  id  ban  »-  ,  -v,  1 1    i     Tkm 


of  bow  i...«rnr  on  tba 


:.'",-,   ntrj,  ,;,.  :•-.  ;  .:.  -, 

;  . ..     .         v , :.    _, .  .  .. ..::.. 


arr 

•y  BM 


»       •^^•^••Wl      JBfMnMft  Iff  fl^^      Va^Bl 

daanTtotmra  fro.  todirida.!  Ma**  of  tW 
boBld,  bul   without    totatfartoff  wiU  fba   ca> 


Ibr 
in. 


of  imMMM  would  be  obutoad. 

•   -     -    »»m 


dWllOB.Mldthr 


Th«i    CT>TT    BiBBibaT   of  avarr   OnnjrajarinBil 

.......        .......  ...       . 

|f»»rr  fbr  th*  boanl  «Bd  iu 


i%  BoanTof  Nt» 

am,  N..*    A  TW 

rf  port  was  for  nine  and  ooe  balf  BMajtba,  Ta« 

;:  •hiWotbrr 


S,MMl     ,(, 


niBipti  fim  Jan.  1  to  ciri.  iv  •IiajHi    TW 
U*nl  bad  undrr  it.  carr  m  dlf ef«w4  fiVkfe  ISP 


.      • 


the  daty  of  ladivUaal 

ftf    tk>     k  I  aatl  ••!      •JirLI     KM     *M 

•BBNB    •*•!*!    IW    Iv* 
tO  aVMFJT  OBB^f^ 


r  krml  cirK  at  A«a«ri»IN..  Z«Ma»4.  al 
toarfaWtaTio»Miyft»jttH^«B4  iff  j^Hi 


TWlavar; 

f  r  -  • 

•  •  - 

;  *  *  - 

if  ^.bw.   the  a«U  and  a,« 


Tli^  aw  alao  to  UM 

i  -<i'.tf    X' 


!        '     . 


W»        II  •     !••  t^j_ 

i*y    WfJVT    •WaBaUwV    '••^"^y*  wvV     MHWW    MWwP    If^avi    B^VBV* 

-*  — -     /— '-  -M  «   «-~jTrrl  -^^%-T.,^-,i«  .^^  mm*m. 

^•W^BV   w«JOP    BWU  Q^HBHBIWW  fJV  \VVaU  wV  P^rWf  I   HwV    •*•• 

•l<-  and  rrpUcr  UM  Beartjr  L  aiBlili  OU» 
«!«••• 


tW  wort  of  M 




CONGREGATION. \LISTS. 


4?  were  in  the  college  proper,  and  114  in  the 


Oct.   10.      The    Hon.    Nelson 
ei-Governor   of   Maine,  was  chosen 
tical  report  presented  by 
U»se*reur  I  >r.  Haien,  showed  tiuU 

the  MSBbervhip  of  the  Congregational  churches 
had  inoreasftt  during  the  inenntum  by  58,448,  a 
number  larger  by  9.000  than  in  the  ,-. 
three  years, or  any  threr  'he  record, 

milwr  added  on  confession  of  faith  was 
.-number  of  infant  baptisms,  84392. 
almost  «.000  rnofr  th  ni»  .  ious  period; 

the  gain  in  members  of  the  Sunday  nchoo 
.  rid  in  members  of  young  people's  a™ 
a&MO,  the  whole  number  of  Congregational 
•ambers  of  these  societies  being  904,065.  The 
h«r  of  churches  added  to  the  roll  wa« 
131.  bat  the  net  gain  of  churches  was  onl  v  856, 
or  119  a  year.  W hen  the  council  met  in  Boston 
in  1865  it  represented  2,745  churches,  with  262,- 
400  member*  in  98  State*  and  Territories.  It 
was  now  at  home  in  erery  State  except  Dela- 
ware, and  every  Territory  except  Alaska,  had 
added  2^97  churches  to  its  roll,  almost  doubling 
iber,  and  had  gained  820,890  in  mcm- 


The  gain  of  members  was  largest  in  the  inte- 
rior where  it  was  81,077,  or  8,500  more  than  in 
the  Karf  and  West  combined.  In  this  list  Illi- 
nois stood  first,  with  6.994  of  increase,  and  was 
followed  by  Michigan.  Iowa,  Massachusetts*,  Cal- 
ifornia, and  Ohio.  Of  the  gain  of  churches,  155 
were  in  thr  interior,  1'X  in  the  West,  and  ?:J  in 
the  Hart,  Alabama  led  in  it  with  .V.  of  increase, 
and  was  followed  by  Oklahoma,  Illinois.  Michi- 
gan, and  Wisconsin.  The  five  States  having 
more  than  800  churches  were  Massachusetts, 
Michigan,  Illinois.  Connecticut,  and  Iowa, 
Massachusetts  stood  first  in  the  number  of  mem- 
bers. 100.474.  and  was  followed  by  Connecticut, 
$1357.  New  York,  Illinois,  Ohio,  and  Iowa,  each 
havinc  more  than  80.000  members. 


i      •-,..', 


tri  but  ions  re  ported 


for  the  three  years  was  $7.244,682.    The  average 
per  member  was  $12.89.  or  $423  per  annum. 
The  influence  of  the  financial  situation  appeared 
in  the  contrast  of  the  small  gain  of  *i 
with  that  of  $1.188^06  during  the  pn 
tnrnnmra.    The  decrease  had  come  into 
only  during  the  past  two  years.    The  fifth-year 
•unties  showed  that  the  5342  churches  had 
4.417  houses  of  worship,  valued  at  > 
or  an  average    of  $9,792:    that   2.032  of  the 
church**  had  parsonages,  valued  at  $4,580.289; 
that  i  .on  of  the  churches  bad  invested  funds  to 
tbr  amount  of  $8381,750.  and  1.562  churches 
had  debts  amounting  to  $8300,796;  or.  in  other 
words,  the  invested  funds  would  pay  all  the 
dehu  and  leave  $881jOOO  surplus.     A  gain  of 
$ttjMl  was  reported  in  assets  held  by  t  h 

*>uncil  and  the  Committee  on  Mini- 
t^ial  Belief,  chiefly  from  legacies.  The  Church 
Manual  «•*  reported  to  be  complete,!  «ith  full 
instruction*  for  the  organization  and  conduct  of 
a  chnrrh.  The  report  of  the  committee  on 
church  unity  included  a  review  of  a  number 
of  propositions  which  hail  been  made  with  nf- 
lo  that  end,  chiefly  those  of  the  bishops 


of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  of  tl 

.   ol    the   Chri-lian    Connect  ion. 
and    the  "  New  J  ;.m  "  of  ( 

pitioimli-ts.     The  proposition  <>r  the  i 

embodx!!!-;  the  "  l.'iir  point*"  of  the  ••  Lambeth 
articles,*' bad  failed  to  be  accepted  by  othi 
DXNninations on  aooounl  of  the  Impossibility  of 
agreeing  U|N>II  the  Interpretation  to  be  given  to 

"the  historic  episcopal  <."     A  proposal    n 
the    hix-iples    of  Chn-t     was   di-mi 

practicable,  because  it  insisted  on  i  he  bapn-iu 
of  |KMiitent  believers  by  iin iner-i- -n  only.  It  \\as 

IK. mted  out  that  the  first  steps  toward  um»n 

could    best    be    taken    between    deiiomn 
which  were  govern- d  by  the  same  p«,|it;, 

previou-   National  Coiim-il    had   said  "that   allil- 
lalioii   with   our  denomination  of  chunl 
now  Upon  our  roll   should    be   welcomed    upon 
the  basi-  of  the  common  evangelical    faith,  sub- 
stantial Congregational  polity,  and  free  commun- 
ion of  Chri>tian>.   without   regard   i 
minor  dilTeren< 

That   resolution  opened  the  way  fully  for  fel- 
lowship with  any  Church  or  Churches 'that  pre- 
fer to  practice  baptism   by  immersion  and  only 
on  confession  of  faith   I'M   Chri>(.     It    had    n'- 
mo\eil  one  stumbling-block  in  the  way  of  union 
with  the  Free  Baptists.     In  their  case,  ho 
an  unsuccessful  negotiation  for  union  in  .Michi- 
gan with  the  regular  Baptists  had,  with  <  ther 
things,  made  it  seem  untimely  to  press  the  sub- 
ject at  present.    There  was,  however,  believed 
to  be  a  growing  sentiment  amount  he  |->.  • 
lists  in  favor  of  closer  union  with  other  > 
either   Baptist   or   Congregational ist.     A   more 
satisfactory  deuce  had  been  had   with 

the  Christian  Connect  ion.  the  hi-tory  of  which 
brought  to  consideration  what  was  known  as  the 
"  New  Jersey  Declaration,"  concerning  which  the 
report  continued : 


It  propone*  orcranic  union  with  the  Free 
and  the  Christian   Connection,  on  the   hasi*  of  the 
neral  faith  in  the  Scripture*,  interpreted  with 
Christian    liberty.      It  declare*   t!,at    n«   ••h;1 
wkctl  in  their  customs  or  faith.    It  .h-in-s  that  they 

fhull  "inaintnin  tlieir  teaching  a.x  to  the  manner  and 
MbjectSOf  baptism,11  and  it  de<  lares  that  "  \ve  an-  un- 
der Umdatfc  b>  no  creed.  I.utlieran.  Calvini.Htie  <-r  Ar 
ininiun.  and  that  our  only  authority  i>  t-.ijn.l  in  the 
H«.ly  S.-riptures.    It  docs  not  a«k  that  th.  \  "should 
fink  their  names  or  irive  up  their  loved  onrani. 
or  vextod  intcreatM.*1  and  it  profeases  a  desire  to  u  ac- 
EDi   \\lii.-h   tliey  in   the  exen-isc  of  their 
'.ti-.u*    riifhts    and    their    Christian    afl 
could  aj*k,"  and  on  f-u.-h  term-*  it   invites  eorr 
enoe  with    them.     The    Deelarati-.n    ,01,,. lu<  1. 

a  pr-.p-  i  Dfoposed  basis  of  unkm  [for  whlei 

•ee  the  ii'-ti-.n  of  th»-  Council  following  the  presenta- 
tion ..t  the  report]: 

Thi*  paper  wan  wnt  to  the  van- 
Suite  iKNli,....  and  has  b« 

' 

Ohio,  IlliiK.iH.  Indiana,  I 
ton.  and  perhspi  of  ot! 

In  a/M-ordati.-.-  witli   tin*  purpose  of  tliis  j.aper.  tin: 

eommittee  who«e  name*  n    repre- 

•     •     •  nti'iii  of  the 

ChnSti  '  i'lfi.  \v)iich    ]nn\\  p;i-*ed    verv    cor- 

dial   r«  •        further    action     \>y 

National    Convention,  which   wa*   t'.   i 
Haverhill.  Maiw..  in  O  Your  fomrnitteu 

•presented  at  that  <-onvention  by  two  of  their 
number,  and  were  mo*t  eordiul lv  received.  Two 
daya  were  devoted  to  the  discoMMM  of  union  with 


CONGREtiATIONAUSn 


. 


•rwUftO  body  •WMd  dvpoMd       4^4  mbunm  It  «••  MI  to  «M«fed  UMI  iWt* 

>f  OtlioO.tO  thallbrrv  .Jull   U  •  *fMdj  MtMfMt  M^VllM  MIMfM» 

Hio0    WilboOl    gIBiml  ^IMMMttt  bnOi»  iMo  •  klcb  ' 

OQAMWB0K(  II  V80  0v  pldil  IDA!  A  ••••  •  oi%  wiwl.  ••do  tBcnwpi  vflnpi  Ifc^  lfc«w 

Ibf  •fllHttl  ••**«^  ••falfld  AOM4I>  flWMV  MllllMl  ••17  MMM   M  ••••  MMUbrt  W 

irr  •r**— •  ""J1^1.  ~^    f  *^*~9  :  . 


1*1 

'      :  • 


nhMmiib*^!  u  ^kd^iiwiiw 


[1 

In  iirnrilMnn  wHk  lk«  UBMrtlilliiB  and  or-     l 


•tKirwwd  br  tlw  ttr«    J    It 

ol    f 


.tteMl  c*«*U.  5^d   •nJri^Hr  Uy  porito^^U^i 


!,    •         ,         •    •.      •  • 


' 

.     . 


IM 


CONQRBQATIONAI 


cml 


in  Florida,  was  adopted  by  a 

• 
The  Mate  of  Florida  in  a 


teal  piuasaxiua  in  east  they  live  in  the  Mine  l.uil.l- 
Is*  irtth  iMr  popib  or  teach  white  and  colored 


alltajal 


•  v  ....  i       nafsouaj 
•n  all  lawful  ways,  and 
•a  to  defend  theae  guaran- 
and  to  carry  if  neceaiary 


teed  fiffcte  sod  nrivilefss.  and  to  car 

this  *•»  to  the  £|«3e  Court  of  the  United  State*, 

IbradJadieatkm.andwepUdfetothea^ocut 

p  email  n  of  thia  our  hearty  co-operation. 

A  rule  laid  down  by  the  Council  nine  years 
before  for  the  preservation  of  a  high  standard  of 
character  and  education  in  the  ministry  was  reaf- 
firmed. Resolutions  in  reference  to  the  Ar- 
menian atrocities  "  and  outrages  on  missionaries 
in  China,  besides  expressions  of  condemnation, 
contained  a  mil  on  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment more  thoroughly  to  protect  the  lives  and 


HritMi  <i»nirrriru1i<iiiiilI»K  The  returns 
-h Congregational  churches.  oflieiallv 
furnished  to  the  "Yearbook"  for  1895,  show 
that  there  were  in  England  and  Wales  in  1894 
4jm  Congregational  place*  of  worship,  with  ac- 
commodation for  1,618.722  persons,  an  increase 
for  theyrar  of  48,701  sittings.  In  Scot  land  there 


churchw.and  in  Ireland  27.  with  M 
stations.  In  the  British  colonies 
there  were  818  churches,  an  increase  of  1 1.  In 
the  district  covered  by  the  London  <  .  ngrega- 
Uonal  Union  there  were  875  churches,  with  ac- 
commodations for  218.467  persons.  No  returns 
as  to  church  membership  are  furnished  by  the 
associations,  but  there  were  2.804  minis: 
Kiiffland  and  Wales,  112  in  Scotland.  27  in  Ire- 
land, and  480  in  the  colonies.  Twenty-six  new 
churches  were  formed  during  the  vear,  including 
10  in  the  colonies,  and  44  neW  chapels  were 
and  10  closed. 
I  i. ion  of  Knirland  and 
sixty-third  Annual  Assembly  of 

.        '    •       •       •  f      !.•  L...,,.d     'a:,,! 

WaJ««  was  held  in  London  beginning  Mav  6. 
The  Rev.  U.  R.  Thomas,  of  Bristol,  presided. 
The  report  of  the  committ  ,  containe<l  a  re- 
vision (the  fourth)  of  theconstitut,..,,.  in  whi.-h 
provision  was  made  for  the  enlargement  of  th- 
privilrjp*  of  membership,  giving  the  oommit- 

'  •  '  .--•:-,. -M.^    a 

division  of  England  into  8  representative  dis- 
tricts for  the  present  division  into  4  :  and  pro- 
posing the  institution  of  2  or  •  more  au- 
tumnal nwtmg*  of  the  Tnion.  The  revision 
was  submitted,  with  the  snoestion  that  consid- 
eration of  it  be  deferred.  This  was  d  .  The 
U-liof  van  oxprwpd  in  the  reoort  on  secondary 
education  that  the  report  of  the  roval  com- 


mission  woitlil  Irnil  to  a  great  e\t<nvj,.n 
oiiilan  .-lii' all. 'ii.  \\hich  \v..uld  <1«.  niucli  tu  fn •«• 
it  froi'n  th<>  (Iriioininal  i»nal  liiti>  and  taint.  A 
resolution  concerning  ttu-  "atr«H-itirs"  in  .\r 
incnia  rall<-<l  «n  tin-  ('» >\  rrnuiriit  (<>  rnnt  iniu-  ils 
-trailers  with  the  Sul>liim>  1'ortc  until  t  he 
a«lininistrati<.n  «>f  the  Annmian  |T<-vinee-  ha- 
:h.«n- uglily  n-f.-nnnl.  A  rex.lul  i..n  \\MV 
unaniiiKMisly  adopted  in  favor  of  the  IIM.I!  -| 
tu  in  I'ill  (relative  to  the  sale  of  int..\iea!in- 
liquors).  A  -p.-.-ial  emiunittee  was  appoiiiicd  in 
view  of  the  recent  letter  of  the  I 'ope.  to  prepare 
an  tuldress  to  the  Congregational  <-hun •! 

the    Milijrets    (if   .saerailielitaliMli.  erelesia>tiei»lli. 

and   reunion.     The  subject   of  the  duty  of  the 
Congregational  churches  to  pro: 
work.  i-fiH-Hally   in  large  towns,  hav in-  In  .-n  m- 
tr»»«lucr({   and  disx-ussed,  the  coinini: 
thori/ed  to  prepare  a  scheme  for  church  exten- 
sion in  such  towns.     A  resolution  of  sympathy 
with  Mndagiiscar  stated  that    "the  SJSembf]  oaa 
only  contemplate  with  pain  the  course  by  u  hieh 
n..t"  onlv   the  peace  hut    the  national  independ- 

f  Madagascar  have  Ix-en  put   in  imminent 
peril.     The  assembly  desired  t..  express  its  ,,f. 
fecti<.iiate  s\ mpat  hy  with  the  Malagasy  churches 
in   the   trial  through   which  they  were  t>;i 
and  earnestly  prayed  that  the  lives  and  lil>erti< «. 
of  the  people  might  yet  be  spared."    ('< •; 
the  resolution  were  ordered  sent  to  the  Minister 
for  Foreign  Affairs  and  to  the  writers  of  tin  re- 
cent appeal  from  Madagascar  addressed  to  the 
secretary  of  the  London   Missionary    S«.( -jety. 
The  subjects,  relating  to  missions,  were  dis 
during  the  meetings  of  *4  Modern  Then! 
Relation  to  Christian   Missions,"  "Change    of 
Methods  in   Missionary   Work,"  and  "Tin-   De- 
velopment of  the  Resources  of  Our  ( 'hun  i 
Missionary  Purposes."     A  course  of  led ir 
various  aspects  of  missions  was  announced  for 
the  next  winter. 

The  autumnal  assembly  of  the  Tnion  was  held 
at  Mrighton,  beginning  Sept,  30.  Tin-  1.' .  \ .  r. 
K.  Thomas  presided,  and  delivered  an  opening 
address  on  "Catholicity  and  '  aonal- 

ism."  He  said  catholicity  \\Us  indigenous  t,, 
true  Congregationalism.  There  was  little  dan- 
ger of  any  earnest  effort  for  the  reunion  of 
Christendom  being  ever  disparaged  from  the 
chair  of  that  I'nion.  But  when  the  pious  opin- 
ions of  the  Pope  of  Rome,  the  tentative  pro- 
posals of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  and  the 
renewed  and  reiterated  discussions  ,,[  the  oofr 
fen-nee-  at  (irindelwald  had  pretty  well  sue. 
in  beating  the  word  "  reunion  "  on  the  drum  of 
the  Church's  ear.  lie  might  IM>  pardoned  f«  : 

_'  that  catholicity  HUM  pn-i-ede  reunion. 
It  would  be  unspeakably  better  to  have  catholic- 

!iout  reunion  than  reunion  without  cat  ho- 
licit v.  Catholicity  was  not  Catholicism  that 
•mold  inono|Mili/e  the  title  Catholic,  arid  the 
great  party  in  another  Church  that  appropri- 
ated t  lie  name  were.and  always  had  been,  t  he  chief 

hinderers, and  the  m-.si  formidable antagonisti 
Of  catholicity.  Resolutions  were  passed  by  the 

asseml)ly.  di-claring  i^-  strenuous  opposition  t'. 
th«  proposals  of  the  archliishops  and  the  Roman 
Catholic  committees  to  -e.-k  increased  grant-  of 
public  fund-  f<,r  schools  under  denominational 
management  and  for  teachers  whose  appoint- 
ment or  dismissal  would  be  vested  in  unrcpre- 


.  OVQBBG  Kii"N  tuni  ; 


mrni  of  Krtartan  ocBouU.  and  t..  <lemat*l  the  withhold,  to  UM  great  ruk 
4onofarh«o|U.«r.  .  agent*,  and  I 

roriding  ejMM*ariaji  oohooHi  within  roach  It  wa*  a*  i  moled  th* 

the  people.    The  prate*  of  the  aowmbly  maintain  lU  ynilit  Maff  n 

Aimwiia,  and  UM  tfovernment  wa*  atronoomly  be  required.    To  clnae  too 

to  to  provide  eaVieot  meamrM  of  r»-  rrmarkabie  f- 


llM  TMtUl  iMtNL  Dot  etrn  an  (»tummn  .ul»    the 


Boa,  fiMM,  MM!   lUfmtaog^     Ttojr  hod  M»> 

tn««»  n.inr   .                                 ,rrx     TW   IM»- 
don  Mfaoiooorr  SodKy  hod  UM  kraott •— 


.  .          .  / 

.- 

•  i 


of 

Prince    Kluima, 

.'.e 


free  from  the 


UM  mofUii|;  iu  •ympmthv  of  Boopita*  MM!  leper  a*ymm»  having  4tl  be*. 

Tort  U> keep  theft  which  In  1894  received  8.700  patieftU:  UM  rore 

he  evib  of  the  drink  traffic  of  SI  dbpenamrie*,  which  hod  treated   Ifl.^l 

thorn  >'  i^iti, 

i   hopes  war*  exprejoed   that  the  caJ 

might  -find  fome  way  to  moH  The 


thrni  in  thrir  «lr»irr  to  rrmain  un.lrr  lh.«  .!.:- 

<«°<i 
JB  r 


•>n  .luring  thr  year  with  the    ing  ainl 
»•    etm.1^. 
•ogiogatioQal  chnrche*.  UM  nonoimmirtnfi    by  UM  Bible 


of 

be  effected  la  no  very  long  time.    Kr*>lu.    ceeaful  bart  of  the 
••Coring  onioo,  were  ailoiitr1*!  at  a  rt-t»r«-- 
U?o  meeting  of  membon  of  the  Kraageliral    the  trminmc  of  jiiMt  i 


fulpart 
VB&( 
taw  off  momben  of  UM  BrangeAral 

^scfc*«a!i8-aVilii 


to  o  completion  of  the  ne-    going  «x-h  train 

,-•-...-••.  , 


UM  meaware  pledging  tbem»e|vwi  to  accept  what*  a  mnoth'* 

over  might  be  ilelormlued  upon  at  UM  or&t  an-  mt. .  the  Tteatate 
•uml  meeting  of  the  bodv.  \ 

.Ion  llwloaary  Society. -The  riiahioai  tonory  of  the 

m<<rt!tik*  ,.f    th-      I..  •!    ti     M.-.     :    »'  •    ^ 

aeM  May  d    Thr  financial  report  oVnred  that 
tlM  ordinary  ,n,  ,.,n,-  ha.i  I-  n  1^  than  the  or- 

ixhturr  *,  and   that    the    eoo, 

balaniv  actniniuUilnl 
Yrar«  amtxint 


nulatrtl  aiainet  UM  wriH> 

••d   to   U-J..YV,       A*  «iHh    •   .leU  nmjt  of  the 

o  almrbed    more  than  all   the    re-  yr«rly  on  tta  foreign  Hatiow:  Umt  ft  bad  •oat 

maimler  of  thr  ^tctv'»  available  nmrre*  MM!  o«t  more  than  IjOOO  maw*ooarii»  doring  the  port 

wottid  have  mode  it  Upoorible  to  carry  oa  IBO  OBO  bcodred  yvara.  mdadiag  tooh  BMB  at  Ho^ 


i  M 


CONGREGATION  \ 


fat  and  Uvingstone:  and  that  it  had  nowSW 
•  »in  different  part «  of  i  ho  world.    The 
had    nnder- 

rais»  in  commemoration  of  this  event, 
plied  to  -lu.-v. ...,:,!  and  other  special 
C7«.l6tt.  Special  t 
the  condition  of  the  mis- 
•fans  and  tne  people  in  Samoa,  where,  although 
hfc  «*«  oil  in  many  respects  n  '  runty 

with  tho  n>iuirero*nu  of  the  Gospel,  many  so- 


lob*  applied 


rm»  h*l  bean  enV.  thi  oonv 

*.  *«  a  wh<4e,  had  beon  CMsttatttedt  th« 
Btraj  Islands,  where  there  were  90  chur.-h-. 
with  acoompanyinf  sohooU  and  homes  for  mi- 
i»«iumea.lto  members  in  fellowship,  and  U950 
papiU;  Sew  Guinea,  where  the  work  of  c,.nv,-r- 

*a»  adranein*  gradually;  Madagascar, 
where,  with  »  Rnglish  missionaries  and 
than  1.000  native  pastors,  there  were  1 .!"«; 
churches  or  other  buil  lings  in  which  services 
wervheld  connected  with  the  society,  in  addi- 
tion to  numerous  auxiliary  agencies  of  a  reli- 
gions and  educational  nature,  and  adherents 
numbered  by  hundreds  of  thousand  - :  India; 
South  Africa,  and  China.  Papers  were  read  n 
-The  hitv  of  the  Missionary  Society  to  the 
Children  ot  Converts,"  "  Schools  as  a  Means  of 
preparing  the  Way  of  th 
for  Industrial  Miwio-  >, ings  for  Chris- 

lian  Workaraon.  -  and   Kdueated  Men 

a."  and  -  Medical  Work  in  Connection 
with  Missionary  Enterprise."  A  meeting  was 

r  the  discussion  of  woman's  work  in  tho 
mission  field  at  which  papers  were  read  on  tho 
home  life  and  position  or  women  in  heathen 
lands,  the  difficulties  of  missionary  work  in 
heathen  homes,  and  the  position  and  opportu- 

f  the  European  woman  missionary.  A 
special  committee  reported,  as  the  result  of  an 
examination  of  the  whole  of  the  society's  ex- 
penses, home  and  foreign,  that  they  had'  found 
no  appreciable  waste.  Some  criticisms  of  tho 
Methods  of  the  missionaries  having  been  made 
at  the  meeting  of  the  British  Association  h> 
Mr.  W.  M.  Flinders  Petrie  and  which 

it  was  intimated  that  they  interfered  to,,  much 
and  unwisely  with  harmless  nat...  customs,  th- 
Rev.  Dr.  Brace  said  they  were  actuated  by  a 
spirit  of  tenderness  and  gentleness  toward  any- 
thing that  was  at  all  simple  or  moral  union::  the 
natives.  There  were,  however,  soin 
that  they  were  bound  to  speak  again-t.  and  in 
doing  to  they  were  only  following  th.  f.-.tsteps 
of  the  A|»o«lle  Paul,  who  did  ate  to 

disturb  ancient  customs  wherever  he  found 
them  opposed  to  righteousness.  The  Rev.  J. 
Chalmers,  from  New  Guinea,  said  he  had  ner- 
•onally  baptUed  naked  people.  The  Rev.  S.  J. 
Whitney,  from  Polynesia,  had  known  onfy  one 
missionary  who  insisted  on  the  people  wearing 

Tim  meetings  were  participate  1  in  hv 
Christian  African  chiefs,  and  were  atten 
visiting  delegates  by  representatives  of  twenty 
other  missionary  societies. 

The  committee  of  the  Knglish  Congregational 
Union  proposes  to  follow  up  tho  impression  pro- 
duced by  the  recent  centenary  of  the  London 
Missionary  Society  with  a  course  of  lectures  on 


miwtonary  tbemes,  and  a  series  of  conferences 
and  meetings  for  prayer. 


(olonial    >li-jonan    Socirt.y.     Tl       tiftv- 

ninth  n-pnrt  of  tin-  C..I.iiiial   M 

in.  !iti"ii-  a  new  depart  urc  \\hidi  had  Ixm  made 

in  tho  direction  of  L.MV  in-j  <-"inix<-l  and  aid  to  na- 

midcd   liy  the   London    .Mivion- 

.  incuts   had  IM-CII  made  for 

\iMtati«'ii-'  to  tin-  chiirclu-s  of  .lnin!ii«-a.  I'.riti-h 
(tuiiina.  Natal,  and  the  Cap.-  Colony.  Payments 
and  |i»jins  had  hern  made  to  a  Dumber  of  OOlo* 
nial  churche-  ami  aid  olTcrcd  to  the  \\.-t  Aus- 
tralian churches  and  to  chun-he-  in  ( 'anada  and 
Newfoundland.  The  year's  JIM 
an  increa-c.  and  a  balance  of  «J.Y..".»  was  left. 

Church    Aid   So,-i.-i\.      '    •  tional 

Church  Aid    Society    had   ;  >H   chnrchi  s, 

or  l»i  l.-ss  than   in  'the  pr<  r.  (•..nnected 

with  which  were  588  pastors  and  cvan-d 

.in  increase 

income   of   the   society  had    IM-.-II 

•  more  than  in  the  previous  year, 

and  the  expenditure  L  increase  of  £087. 

The    aided    chill'.  '  I   IT.'.'IM 

le--   than    in   the   previous  \ear:  and   tin 
l.eeii  j.aid  in  Arrant-  £28.487,  an  increase. 

Congregralional  Cnion  of  South   \liic.i. 
At   the  nnnnal  assembly  of  the  OoDgTegatioiiaj 
Union   of   South    Africa,  held   at    Cnihan. 
the    recent     le^i-lation    as    alTcctinir    thu   native 
churches  was  nnanimously  condemned  a*-  unjust. 
Instead  of  e-talil'shin^  a  separate  institution  for 
the  training  of  R  native  ministry,  it  was  decided 
to  send  the  students    to   Lovedale  and   make  a 
special  contribution  to  the  institution  there,  in 
addition  to  the  regular  charp-s.     Mca-ur. 
taken  concerning  the  life  «— nranee  i.f  ministers, 
and  to  iiroinotw  tho  "forward  movement." 

The  <  on-rcirationail  Churches  in  .Mmlajf 
C*r.— Madapiscar  has  been  one  of  the  most  fruit- 
ful fields  of  the  operations  of  the  London  Mis- 
sionary Society.  After  many  years  of  arduous 
labor,  with  twcnt\-H\  years  of  fierce  persecution. 

a  -tn-ii.i:  Church  had  licen  l)iiilt  up  in  the  Hova 
kingdom,  and  Congregational  Christianity  had 
siili>tantially  licconie  tlic  religion  of  the  nation. 
Much  interest  ha-  liei-n  attached  to  the  ipie-tion 
of  what  woidd  he  the  fate  of  this  Church  after 
the  French  conquest.  The  Rev.  \V.  K.  c,,u>ins, 
missionary,  wa- able  to  make  a  plea-ant  f 
at  the  meeting  of  tho  London  Mi— ionary 
ty  for  the  future  of  the  Madagascar  Protestant*, 
Through  twenty-six  years  of  |>crsecution  there, 
i.  the  native  Christians  kepi  their  churches 
alive,  and  that  fact  might  assure  them  as  to  their 
Jut uro.  Those  people  were  not.  to  be  lightly 
turned  away  from  the  religion  they  possessed; 
and  ti.  r  still  clung  to  the"  belief  that 

i  ate  they  would  ho. 

ahl«>    to   continue    th.  ir    Christian    work.      Full 
•ion  and  complete  toleration  were  guaran- 
teed by  the  Anirlo-French  Convention,  and  they 
had  tl  ce  of  th«-   highe-t    French  ofli'- 

ciaN  to  the  same  effect.  He  believed  the  French 
would  find  it  politic  not  to  persecute  the  I' 
tants,  who  formed  the  mo-t  influential  part  of 
the  population;  mid  that  the  people  of  central 
Madagascar,  who  were  practically  all  Christians, 
would  carry  the  Gospel  throughout  the  whole, 
island.  It  would  be  l  .  however,  to  give 

more  attention  to  the  teaching  of  tho  French 
language.  Nine  tenths  of  the  population  of  the 
whole  island  arc  still  heathens. 


COXURESa    (T«i 


trot 


<rftl»rifi;  -*-r  wl-**  of  Mrfff«fe»  *»  *•*  « 

,  IMM.    1  ^..d  o»  AM.  |i  to  r~rir«d  U»^M- 

».  follow.:    **  »•*&'  •"*••*•/•  jPffft?  fffr 


«*wtihi«l»«Miio<*U«WI«U*h.lU        A 


„•     .,».:, .-.I.    .t.     *U   1     :!..   l-.f.< 

f,    U.rlf    t<f  k  Vt    tl..     «»    M.I      .      » 

I,     m.|.M.kc,,   ..%    ll.c   .   .-n^^       t-  II..   .«• .;..«.-  f  t/-    .4I./,    .>„,.,.„.„..     ...,-.....,.       ' 

M4  IniMdiMtMrnofMiM.    djiliMilli  MaitoMdMtoa^^of  wyrTTfcgii^ 

. 

' 


wiUi  otW  M-     AlUH^gk  tfto  war  UIWM.  (^M  Md' JMM  .„ 

•  UM«  M  ifcte    •!•«<•»  «>  H^?  <^  ' 

(Mi v  ^«M^I^^    ra^^<t««^  ir^«    Jig    I^^MMI   <^T  MA  <l^«««4^. 

•'   *Jf  OD9I*        ^^w^  Kv^^H^^v   ^^^^^•^^•^VH^V.  WW    Wi^^WV   *^    HP  WWV* 

H-f-iT..   ...JL-W       BIMB  of  oar  tfiwfa 
•I  •NMMBM  aiiii     •MMfftoJ  MM  UM 


toftV 

i  MM?  t» 
bZib> 


^  ^i—  •_  jT^y^** 

W*  °MMMll         I*  a^aiMni          «f  )*  I  Ml  MB- 

•^  7^-i-»tota4<-«----k"          " 


ekM  of  the  var  bKwvMi  Bnuil  w>  I 

MBoflli*cK«po  of  Ui«  InMif,  .1,1.  tj«n»»     fMiii  byt 

a,.  •      •       ;....,      •-••";•      •  • 

tMttM?lM  MIM  Of  «|ylMritfcto  IM  1^118  *  Artit      u 


m^rf 


Allhourh  lh«  Oor^nnwnl  of  Bi^il  w»  duly  ftaci-     ^alail  UapotmAM*  of 

Afl^i      iK^t        lK«l      tfHMMjMjMBfffe*iA\l       AMMjM^BMMjB^MA      «B«iMtllft^      IfeB^*  IW^Mk    llk*A    JMMWAvYW    W^M    ^•^••M    t^Mri  V^H!  It     •*    ^^MHM«^    t>W^ 

tWMtt  IM  Ottitod  8MM  MdtkM  «MMnr  bMd  Ml      OMM1J  Will  MM  bMMW  MMtaMl  iMft  M»  !»• 


.x^Uao  of  I*. 
ntod  a«  A 

uriJT  U«  o» 

n  •::?.-  -I  u* 


Ui*  IM  day  .W  January.  !%»>.  to  tM  •••fulii     •  atiirt«J 

lk*     ••^^^•-v^.l     ••«     «W^          ,  -        -    fc.      * «W—  -^. 


fc-  •.  IV 

•  B«niP»r  Of  ABMtMWI  OBM*  WMM  •*!   MM  aWjr  Mqf  •  «MMMM  OT  UW  MHMMM*  MMB  M  | 

IM^^^ntoli-       TlM^0  «*!Matf^    mffw  IM^    l^MV^H^  ^Ateft  tt^M^^M  ^^Att  •••^^^•A. 

•  •  F^J  » .    _  -  _ 

•HOHi  «ra  m  pranvM  par  «MBT  MBVMMMMI  to  •  MW  ••nr  ••••••••••MFMrMivffvawMHwv* 

inbunat  •>•  fliMl  DiMJa  i  nainalai  lamaglfoMfci  I 


OoU«  ITUi  oT  March  I«M  •  o«w 


OONORBSa    (THE  PiEsiDEirr'8  MESSAGE.) 


ill  I  Wine  Ocean, 
of  the  award  of 

nb«Ml  of  Arbitration  and  the  enforce- 
ment of  U»  relation*  therein  prceoribed  for  the 
pretcetionof  eeal  Ufo  In  the  water*  meet,  ..-I     An 
i  eJao  bean  reached  for  the  payment 
m  of  ftiSMNMn  full  wtu.! 

r  be  mad-  Ilritain 

a*  • 


ic      BMV    IT    II.H.1. 

ing  out  of  the  cootro verav 
«^  or  th«**i«ureof  11. 
eaal  la  UMM  water*.    T 


The  award 
of  fee  Part*  tribunal  toagreatc 

»  fort*  and  principle*  upon  which  these 

*ho«ki  be  adjusted,  and  thry  have  IHH-II  sub- 
letted by  both  government*  to  a  thorough  .  xnmina- 
ikw  upon  the  principle*  a*  well  a*  the  farf.  which 
they  involve  I  am  convinced  that  •settlement  upon 
the  larnai  mentioned  would  be  an  equitable  and  ad- 
vantnjpron*  one,  and  1  fioominenn  that  provision  bi 
mad*  for  the  promt*  payment  of  the  stated  sum. 

Thu*  for  onlv  Franc*  and  Portugal  hn\e  signified 
their  willingnaa*  to  adhere  to  the  regulation*  estab- 
liahed  under  the  award  of  the  Pari*  Tribunal  of  Ar- 
bitration. 

Preliminary  anrveya  of  the  Alaskan  boundary  and 
a  wuaratonr  examination  of  the  questi 
tion  of  food  fish  in  the  eontigooua  waters  of  the 
United  State*  and  the  Dominion  of  Canada  are  in 


MB  Mill  remain*  in 
flaps*  between  Great  Ilritain  ami  \c> 
fteving  that  ita  early  aettlcmcnt,  on  aome  just  basin 
alike  honorable  to  both  parties.  i*  in  the  line  of  ,,ur 
established  noUcy  to  remove  from  this  hemisphere 
all  ceuM*  or  difference  with  powers  bey<>n<l  • 
n-new  the  eflV-r  re  made   to 


about  a  reMoration  of  dilomatic  relation*  between 
the  diautanta,  and  to 


induce  a  reference  to  arbitra- 


tion—a  resort  which  <;n-*t  Britain  ao  conspicuous^ 
n  principle  and  respect*  in  practice,  and  which 
»•  earnestly  sought  by  her  weaker  adversary. 
Since  communicating  the  voluminous  correspond 
in  rr*anl  to  Hawaii  and  the  action  taken  I 
itr  and  Hooae  of  Representative*  on  ei-rtain  ques- 
.  aabmitted  to  the  judgment  and  wider  discretion 
of  Congrea*,  the  organiiation  of  a  government   in 
|4acel?the  provisional  arrangement  which  followed 
feedepoeittofi  of  the  Queen  ha*  been  announce 


erid«oc»of  ita  effective  operation.    The  recount...!. 
•aval  in  aaoh  eaaea  haa  been  accorded  the  m 


of  extradition  with  Italy 
of  joatice  have  occurred  owing  to  the 
'that  Government  U>  *  n  sub- 

ject*.   Thu*  far  our  effort*  to  negotiate  an  amended 
'tion  obviating  thi*  difficulty  have  been  un- 

>TApart  from  the  war  in  which  the  bland  empire  i* 

.*tft      \nprwmm\nm  mttt*nt\  n   in  l)  i« 

evident  deaire  to  cultivate  more  lib- 


rhh  na,  and  to  aeek  our  kindly  aid 
of  her  laudable  deaire  for  complete 
aatonomv  in  her  domestic  affair*  and  full  equ*. 
the  fondly  of  nation*.  The  .l*pane*e  Kmpire  of  to- 
day i*  no  longer  the  Japan  of  the  pant,  and  our  rela- 
tion* with  thU  pmgre*rive  nation  *hould  not  be  lew 
broad  and  liberal  than  thoae  with  other  power*. 

fostered  by  many  interest*  in  common, 
ha*  marked  our  relation*  with  our  neareat  f 
neighbor.    Ptaee  being  restored  akmg  her  northern 
frontier,  Mexico  h*«  «.* 

«Ba1niu»i»  of  her  tranquillity.    There  ought  to  be  a 
new  treaty  of  commerce  and  navigation  with  that 


rovntry  to  take  the  place  of  the  one  »  h  i.-»,  terminated 
thbtoen  year*  a«o.  The  friend linena  of  the  inter- 
conrae  between  the  two  eonntrie*  i*  atte*ted  by  the 
fact  that  during  thia  long  period  the  com 
each  ha*  steadily  JncreaMd  under  the  rule  < 
wnaideimiori,  being  neither  simulated  by 


tional 


:  n   tfaaj 
conven- 
nor  retarded  by  jealoua  rivalries 


An  indemnity  tendered  by  Mexico,  as  a  graei..us 
tlie   murder  in    186T   of   Leon    Baldwin.  ;.n 

I    l.uii. I    ..f  iin.nni.i.  r>  in    Du 

rango,  baa  been  accepted  and  is  being  paid  in  in-tall 


-tnrage  and  u*c  of  the  water* 

of  the  Hi.,  (irnn.  1   l.e  nolved 

bv  appropriate  concurrent  aeti<>n  ..f  tli.  •  t««- 
e<I   coin  -.MI;    in    the   ('<•!<.  rado  hi-i^i 

atream  tlo^s  int.  rmitt*  ntl\  .  yielding  lilt!,    uut.  T  dur- 
inir  the  dry  month*  to  the  irrigating  ehannel.-  already 
OUTSe.     This  >ear.-ity  w  often 

severely  felt  in  tlie  regions  wl  ,«  n   the  river 
common  I...  undar\  .      Moreover,  th«   tV.-.jUeMt  ehan»;es 

\ir>e   through    le\el   MM).  I-  Mt'ti-n   rai.sc  < 
ranatnc  «n-  rritorinl  juri.-dieti.,n. 

PlOminenl    anmnir    the   <juer.ti<'M>    «.f  the    year  wan 
the  Hllletields  ineidelit.  ill  what  i^  kli"\\n  a>  t  .' 
•  juito  Indian  Stri^.  l->rderin^r  on   the   Atlanti. 
and   within   the  juri-«i  l'.\    the 

•  >f  1860  between  (ir.at  r.ritnin  and  Nicaragua 
the  former  Government  e\j.r« 

ercigntv  of  the  latter  ..v.-r  (he  Strip,  and  a  limited 
("mi  of  Hclf-govemment  wa*  Kiiarniit.  «  ,1  t<>  the  Mos- 


quito Indians,  to  bo  exercised  a«-«rdin^  t<>  their  eu»- 
rfj   and   other  dweller-   within    it* 
The    so-culled    native    government,    whieh 
L'H'W  to  be  largely  made  uj-  of  ali.-n>.  for  many  years 
difjiUted  tlie  .-overe'i^'iity  ,,f  Niearairua  over  tl 
and  claimed  the  ri^'lit  to  maintain  the  rein  a  )>r. 
ly  independent  mimiei]>al  government.     Karly  in  the 
past  year  cttbrto  of  Nicaragua  to  maintain  w»vereitrnty 
over  the  Mosquito  territory   led  to  geriouf*  diatorb- 
ances,  culminatinjr  in  the  luppreaaion  of  the  native 
tro\  eminent  and  tlie  attempted  ful»titntion  of  an  irn- 
praetieable  composite  a<lmini>tration.  in  whie! 
ragua  and  alien  residents  w»-re  to  partieii-ati 
tire  Was  followed  )-y  an  iiiMirreetion  which  for  a  time 
huhverted  Niearatriian  ITlle,  expelling  her  otliecre  and 
restoring  the  old  organization.     Thi-.  in  turn,  uave 
place  to  the  existing  local  governmtnt  e.-ta; 
and  upheld  by  Nicaragua. 

Although  the  alien  intrrext*  arrayed  aguii^1 
ragua  in  theae  transaotiona  liav»-  l..en  laivel\ 
ican,  and  the  commerce  of  that  n-L'ion  for  .-^ome  time 
has  been  and  Htill  is  chiefly  controlled  hy  our  <-iti- 
rcns,  we  can  not  for  that  reuj*on  ehullenge  the  right- 
ful sovereignty  of  Nicaragua  over  this  important  j.art 
r  domain* 

For  some  months  one,  and  during  part  of  the  time 
two.  of  our  naval  ships  have  been  stationed  at 
fields  for  the  protection  of  all  legitimate  interests  of 
our  eitizens.  In  September  \u-\  \ 
Managua  expelled  tr-.m  it-  territory  twelve  or  more 
fon-ii;ners,  including  two  American!-,  for  alleged  par- 
ticipation in  the  seditious  or  revolutionary  move- 
a^ain-t  the  republic  at  Blucticlds  already 
mentioned;  but  through  the  earnest  remonstrance  of 
•.  ernment  tlie  two  American-  have  b«-en  per- 
mitted to  return  to  the  peaceful  mana:/'  -ment  of  tlieir 
busineaa.  Our  naval  commander-  .-ne  of 

theae  disturbances,  by  their  constant  exhil.ition  of 
-x  and  good  judgment,  contributed  la; 
\ention  of  more  serious  consequence*  and  to 
the  restoration  of  quiet  and  order.     I  regret  that  in 
the  midst  of  these   occurrences  th<  -re   happened   a 
moat  grave  and  irritating  failure.-:  :m  jus- 

tice.    An   American  ci:  ;   Wilson,  r- 

at  Kama,  in  the  Mosquito  territory,  was  nmni> 
one  Argucllo,  the  acting  governor  of  the  t 
some  delay  the  murderer  was  :.rre.-ted.  but  ao 
curely  confined  or  guarded  t)  >d,  not- 

withstanding our  repeated  demands,  it  i*  claimed 
that  his  recapture  ha*  been  impossible  by  reason  of 
hi*  flight  beyond  Nicaraguan  jurisdi<  t 

Nicaraguan  authorities  navin^  triven  notice  of 
forfeiture  of  their  concession  to  the.  canal  company 
on  grounds  purely  technical  and  not  embraced  in  the 
contract,  have  receded  from  that  position. 

I'eru,  I  regret  to  sav,  shows  symptoms  of  domestic 
disturbance,  due  probably  to  the  slowness  of  tier  re- 


OONG 


(T«t 


; 


. 


of 

•       - 

\>  - 


-ur   ,,...,..:.f  •  •.  v 


. 

lly     hat  in*  bwa  loajf  MO  atiiartMi,  aow  oalt  ••an>  tat  • 

,   .  ,..;...     ..    4      .     .. 

*lu4«J  la  5Tpnl«a  «•*•*«.    It  —  boaad 

i       it.    i  tkL*  ..*•_«    «  ...Ll    - -    -«i -    — .  - 1 *«    - 


*  atBtftMBBBfttf      a«t          lKa\l    |BBBB%  BBB^BBB?     tBrBttCti     B^BBBBB%VBB   taaa^  BBBBBBavBatflaTV   BBB^BBBVBHPBBHB\ 

'.'''•  "".'..'... 

.          ..- 

1  •  »*»    Mllli^    imVWa^P    «^     MV^M0    Mi   ••^•/••^  ^"*^i    wajw         |*«  J  WaWa^  «PV   law   «W*Wal  M»»»w»a»»M»J  .         •    ¥^*fv^%  %•»  "^/    fJaawW 

aMMxl  oaljr  to  our  o«n.   A  BWat  Wa>yrf<  ba»  Ujaia      •»  daltoila  naly  la  tbU  oaV  IMJJ  rttfaaa  ya^aad 

-    '      • 

MMMMBfabM  aad  daaMpaav  Anu*ai«a»  aataraJcBBito 
UM  UaHaa  *ato»  aad  niaiatog  to  TattaA  Jjifcali 


.,,--•.        •        .          ,      •  K 

of  Moltoc  to  watan  wblab  war*  uot 


•— .  ^^  /•     i 

• -••»  ID  D*  MHMMWVIa  WW  OV  Of  UM  PVIOTHW  w    cwnwv  W^WBH  UBW  |w| 

«baalib3<laMliwa«i«Mrlad.  dUgaB  of  UM  PaH»d  tkaam    Ahb»aa>  •%• 

T h»  GovafajaMat  of  Salvador  aavto(  baatt  ovar>  trvatj  of  artiajliltoa  wiUt  Vaaaaaabi  1§  aat  yat  to 


Uib 


.-I,--. 


.  .       . 

to  rWw  of  U».  im-     in  thb  ciijr  to  la 
ttU^«iKl»irl         oraiod  to  UM  rt 


§•_  ^B^^    MA«vX    I 

H  ...... 

HtMaWjaikalljMji  bav»Wai   M  i  I  liadlMag 


ai  of  municr.  araoo,  and  rob-     ha*«  UIM  (ar  baa*  raeaivad  from  Aartria,  rVawa, 
«cb  of  them  a*  bad  not  volua-     I'octufmL  8|»ia,  aad  8««fa^ 


vaawwv     »**•    awaaaa   ^^m  WBMBBH^V    ^»»     •••^w^vw«  w         ••«   — »^**    B^P^P-  »»^ » w      »«««^     »•••      w 

i-r».  IdbaataiUMl  •  i  d  JHI«  ItttMli     •      i-  -  .,.    -  .• 
tan iv  IciX  the  MID  ba  ooovajroa  to  ooa  oioMr  oaatvai        la  BIIT  MM  »nr 

anj«_     vltAfl^  A  l»i>lrt— —  <M^iLf  KM  Ka<1    K^BMM  tt  « — «i-l-t 

lavas  waaiw  a  •aaraaj  OVBM  oa  BBB  DVKMV  a  JBHBBBB 

.«  .  i:    ^  .     -^  .. 

.;...-.•  i  '  •  .  •     .    . 


ginr*'     vk«.«M  •  ktMrift*  juMiLf  Km  tiA<l    KW«tf«  *  liMJtrJal  H*^^tJL<«<^>v     ^^a     «/    j.aLl—     !•      I^M^M^     ^^4^    I^A 

lavas  waaiw  a  •aamaj  avaia  oo  BBB  DVHMV  a  JBOIOBH  B«MMBMOBWT  aaaa  av  aaauv  BB  aaajaa  aaBBr 

.«  L  -^       ..  ,—       M^-.-^^^^A^^ 

'»•    •  MM!  jMk    \l.« 

"•»  plUIBplt/  BBHBJBB]  W  UM  V>BMVH  O1BMB  OBf1  ' 

aocttBod  anavC  OBV  CloaftM^oa,  wbo  wav  b»ld  fbf  aaMduMlawi  B»T  MwioavJy  asawaod  oaiavaMk    LJBBT 

-»     -  ^_  ^_^^_^  ^ _  i||  ^^  i    £Pk^4^^  (^•MBH^^BiaBBr  Jb^^M^BV^B*  IB^ 

•HMuar  vas  aoC  oa*  01  ih»  CTIRMB  oBBMan  acatoBi  tba  CtovaraaMttl  VBMB  wa>  avvtaM  ay  MM  tttfaa 

lua»  and  apoa  ^blob  topaTfaaiiaTtotbjaaalvawaaa  poa'aia  y*4  ^y?*^  *f*  *»•  <a»oaa»  agtoal  **^f 


. 
aad  tk>  ftMiibVStl^SL  aSS,  baJbta  UMMfiral     UM 


,.!••    Nafti  •  p  - 

i      .        -..:,- 

.  and  ttbaral 


«Ub  \}~ 


VWWHJ  JVB1B  BBrBBPI  IWMVBHtBHn*  OBI  UM  PBTO  «•   •••       P* •••  «S  •••  •••  •••••••••»   «••••••••  V<  ••*  HBB«r 

.   -_     i  ._jf  It M.«mJ -—  *     II     r^k««>    «fct^Bk    M    «M^^K!     ^     ^M-    1^^  ^^^^^^ 

tmvnu     in  *n»  MMPMUBM  p*w  •••^«^»BB»  I**  ••   ^j    *•          ^WBI^ 

._..... 

k»  UM  taty  doar»  of  Apia. 
^•^•aa^iriil^ti^tDtW^^^ 


CONGRESS.    (THE  PEBIDBXT'S  MESSAGE.) 


Beporei  received  from  our  agents  at  Apia  do  not 
justifytlM  bettef  that  the  peace  thus  brought  .1-  ut 
will  be  of  long  duration.  Itls  their  con vfctk.,Mh«t 
the  native*  arr  .t 

mem ;  that  sue*  of  them  as  profess  loyalt \  t 
so  front  fear  of  the  powaifi  erf*  that  it  »  nuld  speedily 
go  IB  nieeea  if  the  war  ships  were  withdrs» 

.......       .,..-•.,   •    M 

,1    ,,' 


j-iii'l  IIJM.M  tin- 

kl  )  «-ar  u;i>  jj. 


tit-u  . 


.       ' 


hardly  to  be 


peace  will  be  lasting 

The  lesson  given  by  firm*  -n  Atua  wa*  not 

•harp  end  IncWve  to  leave  a  la>» 
on  the  forgetful  Samoan  tempcraii« 
litiona  are  existing  ml  thnt  peeoe 

last  end  la  not  seriously  intended.    M.. 

and  his  chiefs  ere  convinced  that  the  de- 


will  not  la 

. 

parture  of  the  war  ships  will  be  a  signal  for  a  renewal 
of  war.  The  cirrumstai.. ,  that  the  represen 
of  tbe  villagv*  of  all  the  districta  which  were  opposed 
tn  the  Government  have  already  withdrawn  to  Atua 
to  Hold  meeting*,  and  that  l-th  Atua  and  Anna  have 
fUhiililsn  inhabitants  of  those  distn.  t>  which  fought 
on  the  aide  of  UM  Government  to  return  to  their  vil- 
lages end  have  already  partly  burned  down  the  lat- 
. irate*  that  a  real  conciliation  of  the  parties  is 
•till  far  on*.** 

And  in  a  note  of  the  10th  ultimo,  inclosing  a  copy 
of  that  report  for  the  information  of  this  Government. 
Ike  German  ambassador  said  : 

contents  of  the  report  awakened  the  Imperial 
'  ea»k>n  that  ui.  _'  cir- 

COncludcd    with  the  rcl-cls  Will 

of  the  lasting  restoration  of  tran- 

TUe  pm*nt  Government  has  utterly  failed  to  cor- 
rect, if  indeed  it  haa  not  aggravated,  the  very  . 

ded  to  prevent    It  has  not  stimulated  our 
with  the  island*.    Our  participation  in  its 
linat  the  wishes  of  the  natives  waa 
of  the  conservative  teachings  and 
of  UM  wise  and  patriotic  men  who  laid  the 
ns  of  oar  free  institutions,  end  I  invite  an 
n  of  the  judgment  of  Congress  on  the  pro- 

with  the 
not  prejudi- 
ces! to  any  of  oar  existing  righto. 

The  8ecretary  of  the  treeaury  reports  that  the  re- 
eeipto  of  th«  Government  from  all  sources  of  revenue 
during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  80, 1894,  amounted 
to  $ttSjm.498.*9.  and  its  expenditures  to  $442,605,- 
:  -  -:  ...,..•••,  .  i  •  ,... 

e  Jiennii  of  $15^62,<74.W  In  the  ordinary  expenses  of 


UJMssion  of  UM  judgment  of  Congreas  on  UK 

;••••  '-••:-••  '  ••••  '  •:•  • '•  -'  "' 
bW  to  UM  withdrawal  from  its  engagements  wil 
odftar  power,  on  aome_  reasonable  farms  not  pr 


•     •.•-..  .....  .-        •  «"  .•.-<••.•-..   -..:  :- 

Than  was  collected  from  customs  $181^18,680.62, 


$147.168,449.70.    The  bal- 
ance of  the  income  for  the  year,  amounting  to  $98,- 

.-...••:•      ...--..•..•. 


The  value  of  oar  total  dutiable  imports  amounted 
t»  $*71J9UM*,  being  $14«.tt7.«*5  ICM  than 
UM  preeeSnTysaTTand  theimportationsfree  of  <lu,v 


the  importatioos  free  o; 

••,;.;-..      ,..-....'. 


and  from  internal  rev 


year.    The  receipts  from  cus- 
11  leaa,  and  fh 

K  eollectrd  from  disUlled  spiritu  was 
on  manufartored  tobacco,  $28,617,- 

,      ;:».>Hj$| 
of  mrrchaodV  domestic  and  foreign, 

•  -    ,u.  ;„, 

fiscal 


MMOMed  during  the  rear  to  $891 

,       .  ... 

veer  was  $:«/>**/xi.  a*  againet  $1 

the  iseal  year  18M.    The  amount  import*^!  was  $72,- 

449.119.  M  «rain.t  121.174,981  during  the  previous 

The  inipnru  -f  .ilver  were  $l$1S8«f562,  and  the  ex- 
ports were  $60<461.St& 


Tin  • 

in  llu-   1 

208.8W.  being  an  increase  of  * 

iurinc  tin-  pn-ortlinir  \  amount 

•i,  .lul\    1.  l"'..|.f  Au- 

time  whin  furtlu-r  puvtni'iit  ocuwi-il  l-\  ••)•«  ration  of 
law,  was  $J»66,18:.  ;..-n-i  >  HUM.: 

the  naVMK'iit  "f  tin-  IKUMIIV  UI««M  Mi^ar  ilurin^  tin- 
n^ai  year  was  $180,140.86. 

..t.-.l    thiit    njM.n    thr    lui!.'^  of  tin    i 

nit  nt  (hiring 
tin-  nirr.  lit    ti>«'al  \\ill  IT 

.  \j..  n-litun-h  *•!  ; 
ivMiltinir  in  a  iU  ti.-it  of  $20,000,000. 

<>n  tin-  Ut  <lav  <.f  N..VI-III!..  i.  1894,  tl 
of  money  of  all  k'in<l-  in  tin   ••oiintrv  \va- 
888,  as  against  $8.904,661,000  on  tl',..  \-- 
\.-n.l..  i.  189$;  an.!  tin-  in«iii,-\  of  all  kinds  in  < 
ti-'ii.  or  not   incliKli.l  in  tin-  Tn-aMin    hoKlings,  WM 

2,  or  $24,27/Mroop»to,  u]x»n 

nopolnttoo  of  68,887,000.  At  the  WIIIM-  .late  tlu-re  was 
held  in  tin-  Tri-a-nry  p»l«l  liullion  mnonntini:  ' 

616,1  77.6ft,  and  silver  bollioo  N\lii«-h  \va»  pnrchaaed  at 
acodtof  $127.77'.M»H«.  Tin-  \  liver  bullion 

undrr  tin-  ad  of  .July  1  ;  D  tin-  l.-t  <lay 

<  in  I  xT,  1898,  and  u\>  to  that  tin..  ti< 
been  pur«'liuM-«l  «lurin^  tin-  ti.-<-al  \rar  ll.'.'l, 
fine  ounces  :.• 

of  $0.7818  pc-r  tine  ounce.  Tlir  total  amount  of  silver 
purclia^i-«l  t'roni  tin-  tinit-  tliat  law  to-.k  i-Hi-ct  until  the- 
repeal  of  ito  purclia>in^  rlaiiM-,  on  tli«-  «i: 

..74,682-68  fine  ounce*,   whi.-h   «-o»t 
$155,981,002.25,  the  average  i>ri<-e  pi-r  tin.  •«.!;: 
in-  $0.9844, 

total  amount  of>tan«lanl  filvt-r  <lollan- 
at  the  mint>ofthe  l'nitt>d  States  since  the  pa.ssageof 
the  act  of  Kd,.  -J8,  1878,  is  *4-Jl..  \Oii.-h 

$878,166,798  were  coined  umler  the  ]inivi.-.'mnh  of  that 
-,581,148  un.ler  the   pr«,\  i-.i.,n*  of  the  act  of 
July  14,  IWMI.  ami  $:>.«i7vt7'-'  uii.ler  the  act  pnivi«lin»f 
for  the  coinage  of  trade-dollar  bullion. 

The  total  coinage  of  all  metals  at  our  mints  during 
the  lant  fiscal  year  consisted  of  68.486,2'^' 
ued  at  $106,216,780.06,  of  which  there  were  * 
912.50  in  gold  coined.  $::.*>  in  -tan.  lard  hilvrr  dollars, 
$6,024,140.30  in  subsidiary  silver  coin,  and   $716,- 
919.26  in  minor  coin. 

During  the  calendar  year  1893  the  production  of 
precious  metal*  in  tin-  United  States  wax  intimated  at 
1,789,828  flnc  ounces  of  ^ohl,  of  the  commercial  and 
coinage  value  of  $85,956,000,  and  60,000,000  fine 
ounces  of  silver,  of  the  bullion  or  market  value  of 
$46,800,000  and  of  the  coinn. 

It  is  estimated  that  on  the  M  •lay  of  .Inly.  1  *'.'!.  the 
stock  of  metallic  money  in  the  United  S* 
ing  of  coin  and  bullion,  amounted  to  $1,251,640,968, 
of  which  *027,928,201  was  gold  and  $624,847,757  waa 

Fifty  national  banks  were  organized  dun 
year  ending  Oct.  31,  1894,  with  a  capital  of  .T 
000,  and  79,  with  a  capital  of  $10,475.000.  went  into 
voluntary  liquidation.      Twenty  one  banks,  with   a 
capital  of  $2,770,000,  were  placed  in  the  Imn-i 
celvers.    The  total  numl>er  <>f  national  hanks  m  e\- 
istence  on  the  31t«t  -la\  -f  <  ».•:-.  i..-r  la-t  -.-. 


.-40  less  than  ..n  tl  of  October,  I 

;  itjil  Mwk  paid  in  wa*  ff,7j 
491  less  than  at  the  same  time  in  ti 


and  the  surplus  fund  and  und'md.  . 

penses  and  taxes  paid,  amounted  to  $884^121,082.10, 

which  was  $16,089,780  le.^  than  >.n  '  -  The 

circulation  wasdecreased  f  1.7  41.  :••;:{.    The  ol,!: 

of  the  banks  to  each  other  wen-  increased  *l 

884,  and  the  individual  (1 

than  at  the  eorreepooding  <i 

Loans  and  dii»couritK  were  $1-  luon-  than  at 

the  s«me  time  the  previous  year,  and  check*  arid  other 

cash  items  were  t90^49,96S  more,    The  total  p 

-anks  at  the  date  mentioned  amounted  to  $3,- 
478,922.055,  as  against  « 

From  the  report  of  the  .Secretary  of  War  it  appears 


.    ,    - 

>, 


•    •  . 
• 


' 

'••• 


- 
•• 


1 
• 


' 


•  •• 

• 


••    . 


«»        TW  y«v  M» 

tVU      (iiftiftt,   lifej    lite 


«f  IW  War 

«     JWM  *o.  i  «H.  mmmt 
On*  «MI  **»  far  iJ^a 

--I' 


vlopsd  M  to  «»•     RMOI  Mrthariir  to 


ib*  frwU  of  ilnl  ijl  (Mil  tofetaMfMbJ 


r»y«ft<*tb»A^miy  OM«l»*»tWgiai 

IrStSrtSSSS 


srs^c^^Srjs  K^i^^^ii&rirs^s 


.- 


• ... 


*•      llM 
HlWdM      !•• 
pVMf  VM      f*  **• 


«fMf» 


lf-5*^   ^fai^Jff^      i  iiiniiiy     '   •   •  •  n. •••. 

.  •,  *     -^   ^  k.      .  k.     k.   .  .         fc L     »^ ..        M     — -    * t ^^^^-t^a^ 

WBHB  W      ••y  vf  WVHB  ••WVHB  1PHMB  •  H^pV  •§  PIWV^B 


-11   A 


CONGRESS.    (Tni  PRWIDEJTT'S  MWSAO*.) 


I  n*r  to  DM  abolWon  of  tha  fWayatem  aa 
of  eompettaatftoQ  to  Federal  office;  tho 


lories,  the  allowance  of 

«n  tehmlf  of  the  United 


••••;• 

1  am  aatMed  then  »houia  be 

•    '  '  '•    ••••"    -   "    ••:•• 

and  that  thia  court  ahould  ait  within   the 


and  have  tha  same  jurisdiction  aa  to  Ter- 
laira  aa  ia  now  vested  in  the  Federal  courts 
itttinf  In  Arkanaaa  and  Texaa. 

Another  subject  of  preaaing  moment  referred  to  by 
In*  Attorney •Oanarml  b  the  reorganization  of  the 
Onion  radio  Railway  Company  on  a  baais  eouitahlc 
asnffardsall  private  Interests  and  as  fa% 

'    f  condition.  *  ill  IMTH..- 

by  a  court  through  a  receiver 
of  things,  which  should  he 
,  on  all  ground*  public  and  private,  at  tho 
poaaible  moment.    Besides,  not  to  ena 

•         ,          •      :.     ..•      •:   ,       •.-..••      -    --.    :. 

«.  the  \rbol?matter  until  the  assembling  of  a 
ngreas,  and  inevitably  increases  all  the  com- 
plication*  of  the  situation,  and  could  not  but  be 
regarded  as  a  abrnal  failure  to  solve  a  pmhlcm  which 
has  practically  been  baton  the  pn* 


yean  ago  a  law  waa 

•TaWTSbrSauohir 


:• 


Eiirht  yean  ago,  in  my  annual  message,  I  ur^ed 
upon  the  Congress  aa  strongly  aa  I  could  the  : 
and  eoQatnetSoo  of  8  prison,  for  the  oonfinemanl  of 

*•— • * A  similar  recommendation 

to  time  since,  and  a  few 

DA.      N--:tj-]T-' 

to  carry  the  act  into  effect,  and 
diacreditable  condition  .till  exiata. 
ny  porpoae  at  thia  time  to  repeat  the  con- 
whteh  make  an  impregnable  caae  in  favor 
of  the  ownership  and  management  by  the  Govern- 
mem  of  the  penal  inettatkm*  !-.,l.-r:il  j.ri- 

ooara  an  confined.    I  .imply  deaire  to  again  un:< 
fbrmcr  Tfrf'''^^**1*1^*  on  the  aubject,  and  to  par- 
.     .       .......    .,....,.  ...   .  .     ... 

t-art  ..f  the  report  of  the  Secretary  of  War  in 
W  atataa  that  the  military  priaon  at  Fort  Leaven- 
worth,  Kan.,  ran  be  turned  over  to  the  Gov.  - 

••-}...-..       :-...-.      ••    it  ".    lam* 
and  with  an  actual  earing  of  money  from 

reform,  I  hope  that  by 
'  the  Secretary  of 
D  the  din 
by  the  Government  of 


Pending  a  more  complete  reform, 

•      -  -      ;,..-•       -          '     • 

W.r  thia  eaay  atap  maybe  t« 
th.nfnperc.reof  it-convicta  by  the 


Tba  npon  of  the  Postmaster -General  presents  a 
comprehensive  atatMiinnl  of  the  operations  of  the 

•'}<•*  Department  for  the  last  fiscal  year. 
Tbe  ncetpta  of  the  department  during  the  year 
........    '   •      ' 

•Mjm.4U.15. 

Tbe  transactions  of  the  postal  service  indicate  with 
the  fluctuation,  in  the  bnaineaa 
•....-•-•.. 

to  e«irt  throughout  the  last 
tent,  ••  nuing  that 

of  revenue  to  meet  the  expenditures  of 
.rtrm-nt.  trhirh  wan  estimated  in 
«t  feOOO/MO,  ahould  be  exceeded  by 
nearly  $1,280400.    Tbe  ascertained  revenue*  of  the 
-    •    • 


Uwt  year,  which  wen  the  baria  of 
current  year,  beta*  lea.  than  eatimateo%  the  deficiency 
lor  the  current  year  will  be  coficapoudingly  irreater. 
thoogb  the  Poattnaater-General  atateathat  the  lateat 


Indication,  an  ao  favorable  that  1, 

dicta  an  increase  of  at  wet  8  per  cent  in  tho  revenue* 

•  thOM  of  the  last  \,ar. 
.t ure>  incnu.se  steadily  ami  necessarily 
\Mth  the  growth  and  needs  of  the  country,  ao  tha* 

y  ia  greater  or  leaa  in  any  \ 
ing  upon  the  volume  of  rwt 

Postmaster-General  states  that  tl 
is  unnecessary,  and  might  !><•  obviated  at  onco  it  the 
law  regulating  rates  upon  mail  matt,  n-f  th. 
class  was  mo. liti.  d.    The  rate  recei  trans- 

miaaion  of  thia  second-clans    matter  is  1    oei 
|HIIIIII|.  while  the  h   transmission 

i.t  time.s  that  amount.  In  thcgen- 
eral  terms  of  the  law  this  rate  cove-re  newspaper*  and 
{•eriotiifiiis.  The  extensions  of  the  meaning  of  theat 
terms  from  time  t«.  time  ha\e  n«lmitted  to  tin-  privi- 
lege* intended  for  1«  git  • 

icala  a  Hurprising  range  of  publication*,  sad  created 
abuses  the-  cost  .,t  \\h-.-h  amounts  in  the  aggregate  to 

1  'IHce  pepui 

>  d  newspapers  are  started  by  business  housea 
for   the    mere    purpose   of  advertising   good- 

.\ith  the  law  in  form  only,  and    d 
the  publications  as   s<*  ; 

are  issued  in  gn-at  m.n 
The  result  is  a  great   1  • 

ment.  hes'ules  it.s  humiliatiiiL'  u.-e  a>  an  n 
\  ing  OUt  the  scln  in,    o|'  ;i   bui 

iU»  goods  by  means  of  a  trick  upon  U>th  it« 
rival  liouHOs  and  th'e  regular  and    It 

•rd  literature,  consisting   mainly  of 

•   ||     to     the    extent     of'    IliallV    1 

through    the   mails  at 

while  the  jmhlisli.  :ire  rr.|iiired 

to  pay  eight  time-  t),at  amount  in  sending  their  puh- 
licati'ons.  Anotlu-r  al-i.-  in  the  t'i- 

riage  througli  the  mails  of  hundreds  ot 
and  grain  uselessly  distrihuted  through  the  l>epart- 
•  .t-ultiire.     The  Tostn,..  ;d   pro- 

at  it  the  law  be  so  amended  a> 
these  abuses  not  only  will  the  Post  Office  D« -part- 
:  o\v  no  deficiency,  hut  he  believer  that  in  the 
near  future  all  legitimate   n.-wsi-apers   n: 
magazines  might  be  properly  transmir 
the  mails  to  their  suh-  I  invite 

your  prompt  consideration  of  this  subject,  and  fully 
indorse  the  views  of  the  Post  -..-nil. 

The     total     number    of    J»0t*t    offices     i,,     the     ! 

States  on  the  80th  day  ofJunc.  I-:-}.  \\a>  69,806,  an 
increase  of  1,408  over  the  ].rec«ling  year,  of  these, 
8,428  were  presidential :  an  increase  in  that  class  of 
68  over  the  pre.-e.ling  . 

uiiilred  and  ten  cities  and  towns  are  pi 
with   free  delivery.      Ninety-three   other    cities  and 
towns  entitled  to  t !  under  the  law  hi 

been  accorded  it  on  account  of  insutm -it -in 

PV  for  the   eurrent  fiscal 

year  will  he  mon  than  $12,800,000,  and   und. 
Ing  legislation  tl,.  \penditure  is  Hl 

constant  increaae.  ..-.t.  d  co>t  of  rural  free 

delivery  generally  in  so  that  it  ought   not 

r.dition  of  s,:1 

I)uring  the  year  880  additional  don, 
order  offices  were  established     The  total  nun 
these  offices    at    the    close    of  the    year    was 
There  were  14,804.041  money  ord  luring 

the  year,  being  an  increase  over  tl 
of  994,806.    The  value  of  these  orders  amoi 
$188,798,679.49,  an  increaae  of  fl  1.21 7,146.84.    There 
were  also  umued  during  the  year  postal  notes  amount- 

I Miring   the   vear   21*    international     i 
offices  were  added  to  those  already  established,  mak- 
ing a  total  of  2/.2S  such  office*  in  operation  June  80, 
1894.    The  number  of  international    money  orders 
issued  during  the  year  wa*  KIT.-  •  a«e  in 

number  of  188.176;  and  their  value  wa«  $13,792, 
81,  a  decrease  in  amount  of  *  The  num- 

ber of  orders  paid  waa  861,180,  an  increase  over 


IUH&   (TM  Punot^ 


.  . 


•aataUMMaaa        Aa 
•rvto*,  aammiiaf  la    lanr  of 
•ral  far 
^^•|M»n  alao  u«rtaiai  a  valoabU  imalHtiatina  to     Thk.  o*W.  It  to  batta^o.  will  t 

n>,   >,...-•       i    .      -,*    Nau       •     •      -•    ».-  •    ,- 

-      l^—    .1      irjjil     MM« 

kattMiEMPJ 


lh.    UM      •     -       -    rue.:       r.     \\ 

-, ,.  •    w4 


,1 


f^^Bt     ^LM^ht      •^•^     lK^«te    W,^*    l^^ktfk      ^A*      M^k* 

laf  ^MM!  to  MMJ  ^Mfim  «T  tW 

|Hiiiiii«r  rinii    »  g**+  \m**^ 

t  __  _   ,  _,_  ^     ^.      . 

•fw»  k«»M»  ^MHft  UMI  UM  <MCMftaMAt  a^»      JMwifiX      •••  V|fOfWi  •rtHS  ••  BflM^  AflMMM  •••• 

giiliiri  •  >»hn»BBilViWt«Nm<riniriM>^    IMM  te  praiMiiM  iW  P«MM|  •»!  MHMMW  itfl* 

MZvU  iMirti.ina  «r  «ii   «tai  *Sf*Vi  »  «r  ov  SSSiSa«rtW  tw  iiiMi  1  1    .inn  •  «r. 


•••  »^*jgy  t*tkii<^ti>oi*1^  tr?u!t,yjo  iiii^*v^i^u'^i**a^*iiii1si 


•0,  lift,  ar,  UTM.  bat  UMIT  la-     art  tkfe*.  ha» 


•n.1  «q«ip  all  lK»  «•«  ahipa  B(« 
MiaaZmalM  n»w  abl      a^  • 


aTtlM  Haa  a/  UM  a«« ?      TV.  aiajHalaB 
» last  UM  vtel  aiaMa  «f  UM  wr*ai  b 


li^s^izst^1^^ 


»• 

.;,,,.      •    . 


\  * 

:  \ 


a*iraf,h*^ou»nw^kfUm,^mlA^iW4r  <—         Ai    i  In'  M   ia«iil.  1 1  by  a«aartaa»  ^^ 


164 


OONORBSa    (THE  P*ESIDIHT'S  MBSSAOK.) 


fairly  awarded  to  will-     cases,  numbering  3,000  or  4,000  annually,  are  sent 
by  the  local  officers  to  the   Commissioner    «f  th<> 


continues  to  be 


»r»UNn  continue 
•  r»  vifl  moil  be  a*  a 
-h  an  oiualiM 

•  •  •     • 

•  ..... 

tho  ••morons  an    n 
aervios  connected 

mi  this  report  and  th«  valuable  no- 
of  UM  Secretary  to  the 


.  . 

inlorestinff  br 

of  UK-  public  aervios  connected  Icpart- 

finmmmi  this 


: 

0077  acn 


<>f  during  the  year 

-.-;.... 


.;.    .  ,  :.:;_• 


that  the  publfc 
to  a  Hole  more  ' 
Bwmr.abootMQ 


rvmain- 


m  Alaska 


0TO.WU 

a»tw«|la» military  reservation* and  railroad  and  other 

The  total  oash  receipts  from  sale  of  lands  amounted 
10  tSJTi^tMt,  including  $91,981.08  received  iron. 

Thirty -five  thousand  patents  were  issued  for  agri- 
cultural lands,  and  S,loo  patents  were  issued  to 
Indians  on  allotments  of  their  holdings  in  s,  veraltv. 
the  land  so  allotted  being  inalienable  by  the  Indian 
allomai  for  a  period  of  twenty-five  years  after  patent 

There  wort  certified  and  patented  on  account  of 
railroad  and  wagon-road  grants  during  the  year  865,- 
6M.4&  acres  of  land,  and  at  the  close  of  the  year 
ai/WOyOOO  acres  were  embraced  in  the  lists  of  selec- 
tion* made  by  railroad  and  wagon-road  companies 
and  awaited  settlement 

The  selections  of  swamp  lands  and  that  taken  as 
indemnity  thai  nib?  since  the  passage  of  the  act  pro 
for  the  same  in  nt   to  nearly  or 

800400  acres,  of  which  68,000,000  have  been 
to  State*.    About  18SJOOO  acres  were  patented 


during  the  laM  year, 
and  education  grants 
and  at  its  clo»«  l 

• 
It  appnuv  that  the 


N     .-    .  ..    r-        '•        I.....! 

>roved  during  the  year, 
acres  remained  unad- 


e  <-urrent 
the  pn>t, 
thereon  is  much 

— and  inadequate  for 

of  the  work.    A  larger  sum 


the  appropriation  f< 

--...-..;,:    r 
and  the  timber  th 


in  the  particular  service  mentioned,  and  I 
will  not  be  crippled  by  insufficient  appropria- 


of  the  public  lands 

--  -(  •  i  ...  •  r  , 

of  money  than  has  boon  appropriated  during" a  num- 
ber of  yean  past  on  this  account  has  been  returned 
to  the  Government  as  a  result  of  the  labors  of  those 
employed 

:  . 

•         •        r.  :   T-     •-..      r.       •:     ii   ,  r,   ..."      n    of  •!..      -.      r. 

•  *— .          ffl«_t      » -^ —  — *-       •-••  *mm*if»m*        sV^       arhaari  art  -*  ^^1        ^-—       -»,.-» 

***/     lOBsv  •MmaW   nWOCtKM     DO    UftlVKlOCl    Idr    OUT 

AMM^S**      •as^^aSB^AA      AM, I       •&._•       A       j^jt*»> * * a*!ii  ••  •  •  a  ••  i 

•vwsw  tTOTrTOT  4w<i   inai   a  cofnurBJiciiAive   lorevcry 

system  be  inaugurate!.    Such  keepers  and  superin- 

....         ....  .    .  r  ..    ...........  ^  . 

reserved  should  be  provided.  I  am  of  the  - 
that  there  should  be  an  abandonment  of  the 
-Cloned  by  present  laws,  under  * ) 

for  a  very  small  consideration  b  rapidly  losing 

trm^t.  «T   l.rwl    Mst_MMn_\ 

tna^p  01  UUMI  coversu  wiui  vim  oer 

.oftimb.^SST17 
i  that  a  char 


The 


change  be  made  in  the  man- 


•tally  worthy-of 


•unreysof  the  public  lands  is 

' 


1  am  satisfied 


espe- 
that 


iold  be  made  by  a  corps  of  com  - 

•  •  ' 


.  important  recommendation  of  the 
to  the  manner  in  which  contests  and 
nring  oat  of  efforts  to  obtain  Govern- 
dotorminod.  The  entire  testimony 
which  those  controversies  depend  in  all  theb- 
btokon  before  the  local  register,  and  receives, 


by   the  local 

General  Land  Office  for  his  action.  The 
ciesof  his  other  duties  oblige  him  to  act  upon  the 
decisions  of  the  registers  and  receiver-  without 
an  opportunity  of  thorough  personal  examination. 
Nearly  2,000  of  these  oases  are  appealed  annually 
from  the  commissioner  to  the  Secretary  of  the  in" 
t.-nor.  Burdened  witii  other  important  admii 

tive  duties,  his  determination  of  these  appeal 
be  almost  perfunctory  and   haxdupon   tin    examina- 
tion of  Others,  though  thi-  determination  of  t  ),, 

tary  operates  as  a  final  adjudication  upon  r 
very  great  iin|N»rt4ince. 

1  concur  in  the  opinion  that  the  <  •omrnissioner  of 
the  General  Land  (  Mlicc  should  he  relieved  from  the 
.ding   litigated    land  cases,  that  a  non- 
partisan  court    .should    l.e  created  to  pass  on 
cases,  HI  id  that  th<  it  should  be 

final,  a:  e  decisions  of  the  delta' 

arc  now  final.     The  proved  court   mijjrht   I" 
authority  to   certify  ijucstioiis  of  law,  in  mav 

..   unportanoe,  t>.  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
i  States  or  the  <  oUrt  of 
of<'nlumbia   for  decision.     The  ••  -uch    a 

trihunal    WOUld     expedite     the     disposal     • 

insure   decisions   of  a  more   satisfactory    character, 
iristers  and  receivers  who  originally  h 
these  disputes  should  be  Invested  with  au- 
thority   to   compel    witnesses   to   attend    and 

before;  them. 

Though  the  condition  of  the  Indians  shows  a 
and  hea'.thv  progress,  their  situation  is  not  satis- 
factory ut  ul I  jxunt*.  Sonic  of  them  to  whom  allot- 
ments of  land  have  heeli  made  ure  found  to  Ite  uimhle 
or  disinclined  to  follow  agricultural  pursuit- 
otherwise  lu-nefieiallv  manage  their  land.  This  i« 
especial Iv  true  of  the  Cheyennes  and  Arapahoea, 
who,  as  it  appears  by  report*  of  tlieir  nircnt,  have  in 
many  instances  never  been  located  UJM.H  their  allot- 
ments, and  in  some  cases  do  not  even  know  where 
their  allotments  are.  Their  condition  has  deterio- 
rated. They  are  not  lalfHrannorting,  and  they  live 
in  camps  and  spend  their  time  in  idleness. 

I  have  always  believed  that  al  lot  men  t«  of  reserva- 
tion lands  to  Indian-  in  -ivraltv  should  be  made 
,  or  at    least    slouU.   and    with   the   utmost 


caution.  In  these  days,  wlien  white  agriculturist* 
and  stock  raisers  of  experience  and  intelligence  find 
tlu-ir  lot  u  hard  one.  we  ou^ht  not  to  expect  Indians. 
Unless  far  a<lvance<l  in  civilixation  and  huhits  of  in- 
dustrj-,  to  HUpport  themsflves  on  the  small  tracts  of 
land  UMiullv  allotted  to  them. 

If  the  seif-cupporting  scheme  by  allotment  fails, 
the  wretched  paupt  rism  of  the  aQotteai  which  results 
is  worse  than  their  original  condition  of  rcgu luted 
dependence.  It  ix  evident  that  the  evil  conncquencc.s 
of  ill-advised  allotment  are  intensified  in  cases  where 
the  false  step  can  not  he  retraced  on  account  of  the 
purchase  by  the  Government  of  reservation  lands  re- 
maining after  allotments  are  made  and  the  din 

remaining  lands  to  settlers  or  purchasers  from 
the  Government 

I  am  convinced  that  the  proper  solution  of  the 
Indian  pmhlcm  and  the  success  of  every  step  taken 
in  that  direction  depend  to  a  very  large'extent  upon 
the  intelligence  and  honesty  of  the  reservation  agents 
and  the  intercut  they  have  in  their  work.  Ai. 
fitted  for  hi*  place-  can  do  much  toward  preparing  tin- 
Indians  under  hi*  charge  for  citi/eiiship  and  allot- 
ment of  their  lands,  an- .  •  any  matter 
concerning  their  welfare  will  not  mislead.  An  unfit 
agent  will  make  no  effort  to  advance  the  Indians  on 
his  reservation  toward  civilization  or  preparation  for 
allotment  of  lands  in  severally .  and  his  opinion  as  to 
their  condition  in  this  and  other  regards  is  heedless 
snd  valueless. 

The  indications  are  that  the  detail  of  army  officers 
as  Indian  agents  will  result  in  improved  management 
on  the  reservations. 

Whenever  allotments  are  made  and  any  Indian  on 


t-MM,K»>N.     hn 


.- 


; 


• 


It    »_     ,»         »«  Minm    J     - 1-    ^ • 1 ^ — .   «^  tfc*  B^BM^ 

MM  OT  Mw  WWnMMBl     •paw  •••MHBV  NBHI  BOO  •BawflVW*  ••  *••  pMrt^BC 

M  ortUdy  »«y  uvi  M     i»Mb.  oT •jf«i^U  |«of>U.          \_^ 


j^gftoMiob.  tin  rail  1 1  bybjbMitoiiMady; 

t  >        •    lW^  flMMMMMH^K    iMMft  AVt^Ml^kM*    *lwMA^t  rfMVMMM      tfvf     1^.^.      /1 

- 


iiyb«  IWvltaL      *|OT«d  M  *•  OWMOflMVM  M    AtfMMH 

UMworkiot    U^tfv. boot  400.    Tb.  wb«b  MMMV  «T  M!MMI 


•MI  VMT  b»  bM0  Mk»««i  bj  frattiymf  NMMV,  Pto7«d  to  u 

Ebtb  b«r«  bM  Mb  lo  •*«•»•  UM  work  in  .  Umaraab* 

MiMftel     Aitei     ttf^r€^eal     MMttttcC       Flvv    bHB\feMM    O/  BMMHAfY    to 

•  ." .  '        .'•,•..-.;        • 

^?T?  j?r?i  !?st.  -^y?^*^-  ^'ISm^iJri  -  **»«^"  {yi^T^v 


•.•»-.   !fc   .hmto^r   ,,^?     '*   . 


«%«nMMM  or    »fcr^g^bKl0UM«MijM»«rib»   lilHiiM»- 
bjr  tboM  wbo    MM«L    Tb»  Mbod. wkbfc  b  to  •iiiilMii   ««b 

*fttf»Afe      dkM*M)MAMV  I^.M>         Ik  «^t^Mtai      M^NMlMt   JM>       I^^M     tfb^MlMMm      MM^I     MM      A^MMMl 

IHCHMM   HiAvlnHHl    QlMBttatMHMM*  PW  Vvfli  VM 


kb  pMut  iwwwj 
fcr  STbM  iMl 


MM!  Milont,  Manrivora  of  all 

t      I      Milat     >«.          ^ 

"  •         ' 

la  UM  wmr  of  UM 


MiMMM,    H  •  rnon»  •  M  via*  to  •«• 
±fu^T=JS«3!?J 


;  •;.  "•     ':• 


T  WMI    •ia»jMM.4«loAl  Uaviaf    MI 

-   ••.:-.-•  _•  ( 


wv»«0b)f  «tf  to 

JMI  ^^^^^L  ^^^  t^* 


^MtelKl«  KUHM&  c^imLalitMi.  ^t»  lit*  bi^K^rt  IL^^l  ^ 

'    ,      ;.    •  -      -  ..-;.-          '      -    '        . 


«M«rtbi 

riottbyth^nnwonthrr/,:, 
Th*  ovabar  of  «aftUk«ta§  bnM»t 
Tb«  MM*  dntpfwl  rVom  tbviolb  «br  all 

AflMMhl  OW^MfoM*  «•  t  WW«  MV 

•d4AMTV|««ai«fUM     fWMI 

rjrorint 

The 


ItRSSi.    (Tns  PRBMDEKT'S  MESSAGE.) 


•::• 
•MDlae 


•rat  ratafee  togrtaeeeend  forage  plants.  * 

m    l-^m^fSL*^    ,..»   I      fmll          *ri*intf    tJla%    DatOOfo 

OeW    1W     mMsTlHMMaV   •Ha^s)     Ie>Oe»llairte*i«ssm     •••'    §^^*er    7 

UM distinctive  greases. 

•       ............      -    •    -    .•:.   '    r 

..-,.•       -.    .. 
....,          - 

.-•'.- 
'  '        .          •     '    ./. 


SAabfe  utility  that  it  is  foremost  to  the  new  line,  of 
atfrirultural    leeeareh.  and   the  Secretary  therefore 

.........  -.....••:.,  tUBfl      !- 

^rtAHlWikMi  ill  tha  dMMftment. 

fortbeWeather  Bureau 


was  $1*1,100.    Of  that  Miin  $1W^OO,  or  14  por  cent., 
ha*  been  saved  and  U  returned  to  the  Trva»< 


i  of  this  service,  it  may 

S3 

nf  in 

•    •          :-.       ••      ....•     • 

in  detaining  safely  in  port  MM  Teasels,  vsl 
$tMSM",  Udca  with  cargoes   of  probably    still 
at  is  much  more  important  and 
lives  on  these  ships  were 

lie  Bureau  of  Animal  In- 
the  expenditures  for  the 

year  were  only  fitpytWJa,  thus  leaving  unexpended 
|$MATO.?«.    The  inspection  of  be. 

•i-noate  trade  has   been   continued,  and 
1MM464  bead  were  inspected  during  the  year,  at  a 
cost  of  It  cent  per  heaoTagminst  4f  cents  for  1898. 
rk  microscopically  examined  was 
against  80,677.410  pounds  in  the 
'he  cost  of  this  inspection  has  been 
from  81  cents  per  head  in  1898  to  6t  cents 

The  expense  of  inspecting  the  pork  sold  in  1894  to 

.     •      .-...-.   i  .,.,-.     I   -    -.    .    >.;,:.       ...  >--. 
ttt.10.    The  quantity  inspected  was  greater  by  16,- 
000.000  pounds  than  diirimVthe  preceduig  year,  when 
the  coat  of  such  inspection   was  $17**«7.0* 

the  law 


. 


.....       ....        ......      ......     - 

providing  for  the  microscopic  inspection  of  export 
and  interstate  meat  be  so  amended  as  to  compel 
i  meat  inspected  to  pay  the  cost  of  such 
id  1  call  attention  to  the  arguments  pro- 
report  in  support  of  this  recommenda- 
pjasj 
The  live  beef  cattle  exported  and  tagged  during  the 

K  numbered  848^86.    This  U  an  increase  of  69^88 
over  the  previous  year. 
The  sanitary  inspection  of  cattle  shipped  to  Europe 


has  cost  an  average  of  101  cents  for  each  animal,  and 
the  cost  of  inspecting  Southern  cattle  and  the  disin- 
of  cars  and  stock  yards  averages  27  cento  per 

inquiries  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal 
mgrcased  ateadily  during  the  year. 

...:      .-  •  .-.      .  .  • 
for  use  in  the  agricultural  colleges 

•  •  ••  •  •••..-.  • 


Much 


.          ;,    ...      . 


has  published  the 
•    ••  i  M   •  .•••  akM  -. 
vigorously  continued.    Ccr- 
of  Columbia  will  be  thor- 


oughly iometad,  and  will  probably  supply  adequate 
scope  for  the  department  to  intelligently  pnmecute 

iial  ^•T^Mkl'lBvst*   tL«^JV     Afwl    fttm*    K        nfVt     isvwiff   r»i    f       *     1    I*   t» 

.:'.:--.r-.' 

thebaciliioftnhefvula»is  has  been  during  the  ye 


during  the  year 

•Sa^-a*  *  ^  Aitsr^fsis 

The  OnVe^oTEqSLenTiSto?^  which  is  a  part 
tent  of  Agriculture,  has 
itself  almost  wholly  in 
works  baaed  upon  the  re- 


•  ...  .  •  in  •  EperiBM  nt  stati.-ns  and  other 
institutions  for  agricultural  inquiry  in  the  liiitcd 
States  and  foreign  countries. 

The  Secretary,  in  hi»  r.|H-rt  for  IMS,  called  atten- 
tion to  the  fuel  that  the  appropriations  made    l»r  the 
mi]iport  of  the   experiment  stations   thi-.u-h.  ut   tin- 
were  the  only  moneys  taken  out  <•!    the  na- 
tional Treasi,  •  -ress  for  which 
countiiiK'  t<>   Federal  authorities  was  re 
fj-.ndiiiK'  to  this  suggestion,  the  I  i:i\    third  <  »ngroas, 
in  making  the  appropriation   tor  thedepartmi 
the  present  fiscal  year,  pi-. \i-ii-.i  that 

Secretary  «»t   Agrifiilture  shall  j>re»cribe  thu 
form  of  annual  financial  statement   required  by  sec- 
tion 8  •  '  V:  shall   a 
whether    the    »  xpenditures  under  the    appn-j 
hereby  mad<-  arc  in  a«-cor«lan«-e  with  the  pro  visions  of 
said  act,  and  shall  make  n  -port  th<  :  irresa." 

[n  obedienoe  tO  thifl   law  the    hepartment   oi 
culture  nun  •  out  blank  forms  of  . 

tM  to  each  station,  and  propose*,  in  a.. 
to  make,  through  ' 

nation  of  the  several  stations  during  each  \ 
the  purpose  of  acquiri:  -.Cation 

the  detailed  information  n"eeessar\  t- 
Secretory  of  Agriculture  to  make,  as  the 
vide*,asati.--  Boards 

of  manaK'cm«  nt   «.t    the    se\eral    stati«.ns,   with  great 
alacrity  and    cordiality.  ha\e   appr«-\ed   tlie  ; 
ment  to  the  law   providing  this  supcrv. 
UK'    that  it    will 

efficiency  ot  the  stations  and   protect    their  dj 
and   mahairerw  from   loose  charges  concerning  their 

I  ublic  funds,  besides  briiiKpinKr  th< 
of  Agriculture  into  closer  and  more  confidential  rela- 
tions with    the    experimental    stations,  and    through 
their  joint  service,  largely  increasing  their  u>-< 

Viture  ot' the  country. 

Acting  ujx-n   a  recoinmcn<lation  contained  in  the 
i  ropriated   $10,000  "to 

enable  the  S  \  trrieulture  to  investigate  and 

report  uoon  the  nutritive  value  of  the  various  articles 
and  commodities  used   for  human  food,  with 
suggestion  of  full,  wholesome,  and  edible  rations  less 
d  and  more  economical  than  those  in  c< 

U"    " 

Under  this  appropriation  the  department  has  pre- 
pared and  now  has  nearly  ready  for  distribution  an 

•;ny    discussion    of  the  "nutritive    vuli 

•ry  economy  otf.HHi.    Uh«  n  we  consider  that 

fully  one  half  .if  all  the  iimnev  earned  by  the  wage 
earners  of  the  civilized  wori.  ad  b\    them 

for  food,  the  impoitfnce  and  utility  of  such 
vestigation  is  apparent. 

The  department  e\iK-nded  in  the  fiscal  year  1898 
$2^54.809.66  ;  and  out  of  that  sum  the  total  amount 
expended   in   scientific   research  was  46*6  p< 
Hut  in  the  year  ending  June  80, 1894,  out  of  a  total 
expenditure  of  $1.948,988.88,  the  department   applied 
61-8  per  <ent.  ot  that  sum  to  scientific  work  ana  in- 
vestigation.    It    is  then  plainly  oh.-. 
that  the  economies  which  have  been  practiced  in  the 
administration  of  the  department  have  not  been  at 
the  expense  of  scientific  research. 

The  recon  :  port  of 

the  Secretary  for  1898  that  -;.-;•  u,   of 

promiscuous  free   di-tribution    of    its  depart 
documents  be    abandoned   is  again   ur^cd.     These 
publications  may  well  )  cost  to 

public    libraries,   educa1  : .d    the 

officers  and  libraries  of  States  m 
Government.  But  from  all  individnala  applying  foff 
them  a  price  covering  the  cost  of  the  do- 
for  should  be  required.  Thus  the  publications  and 
•  nta  would  be  secured  by  those  who  really 
desire  them  for  proper  purposes.  Half  a  million  of 
copies  of  the  report  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture 
are  printed  for  distribution  at  an  annual  cost  of  about 
$300,000.  Large  numbers  of  them  are  cumbering 
storerooms  at  the  Capitol  and  the  shelves  of  second- 
*  bookstores  throughout  the  country.  All  this 


-. 


COXORKSa.    (T«« 
•nUallf  Uw 


^    « J^±W 

MR? 

•X 


. 

• » .*  *       ••  '      •      •**  mm^^^^m*  V    »*»    IflPV   •MHBHM/^^^^^^I    «w     wMM^M^f  VP^P  <Uv* 

1  tjf    lit  A!     Otlf  1*  MMl    MAAMMtMl    jjfc  MB  .  tftMtfMIM^Mli     i  « 

.'         -         -  M8MvHniMB  If  MMWHHhf  W  PS  MMBPMQ  Ml  MMHB 

«f»fc  fc    -       •    A^MM&MMh  JMT  ftmMl     AMMMl^MV^M^MMl     «M^    •Ik^      I  k^«*A«i  Mk^^Mm     MAi     •,.«^&MA*I      •  L.«      i^*^^*A**~i*L~-^.      -^  -        ^J 

i  .  ,.  r         »       •  K.*  I* 

0^IH  W  ^^*  ^^i  ** ^•'w  ••  *•»»  ^^v^vwuw^^v«9  i*]  v*  •  IK^VPEW  «^Bv  *7»»^B»  ••w  UPV  wPMAWW  ^  MWM    ••M^W**   OV  VBBBM 

»    "         i  .      -    • 

V  fla^  ^bOTM  M^MMJifcaa*    tfi    iliM-    iiMjMH%f«J  ^M»    LliMtftft    AMI  aCtfHtftMM^ftMMB  HB  A  Vail  ttti*  j»  ^M^MMMMMA. 

'.,».'•  .  -•,  -  -      .  :    .  .  .     .         •'.  ., 


-  •    .  •• 

, 


**•»> 

ra^MMltaMMMMI. 
»  •  •••Jui  ftiMMlMI 

tt>  '.-'  <     .r.'t  ?.  *t    <rf   •..'  c 

fcrlriftl    ;  tfa  HJW  rftfjri  UvtMM     Mtag  Mjd  i«M    •     •  ;-  ;  • 

.  .  .  -  .  lrt ur  of  •  ttolwto  of  QM  I  nHW  *MM» 

c  M«B  MhW  «M!I  of  UM  mofv  tojpMlMM     to  IMS  I 

'".:. 


^    l*«  ifthA  t^^ittliAF    a^^lil v    cf  gfc^—    ^ 

• 

••WMIW    >fQM««k«,  UM  feOTtar 


uriff  M«  DMMd  M  UM  torttMteiorilMCwv 

• 


.  -       •  ...... 

v  ......        ! 


MN!  ataj^JJitf  wjjM^to^    **jmfj*mm*A^*  nrf^  ^^  AMyfaMi 

^^  M^^IMMMMMMW*      ^MB\  BM^fl^MMMMMM^    llV/     flMMT     ffMM^MMW.    tftlMMk      M>*KtV«:f     t^^    A       wfUlMMffW 


L68 


CONORBSa    fTm  PEEsiDEjrr'a  MESSAGE.) 


Our  new  tariff  pol- 


.    •;.::::  :•;;:•::;;••:;:,:  :,••,;--:; 
::v,v...-,  •;.:••:,•,•—:•.:• 

•iMMlilad  by  the  graataat  pojail 

'    ,    :.'.   .     .'•  •    '       .,..:"  ...     .!  •   ...    ...,-      •.      '.'-'     -      '. 

vbieb  oorproducto  and  manafoctare.  may  be, Iran*- 


which  baa  been  protacted  to 
wived  by  the  proapect  of 
for  abipa  when  buftt,  and 
'd  ba  feaamotod  and  again  take  hi.  place 
and  indaetrioae  citiaen  in  time  of  neace 


. 


Mb*7toahipa  built  .broad  and  owned  by  An,  n- 
cea»  appear,  in  the  light  of  preaant  condition,  not 
only  tobea  failure  for  good  at  every  point,  but  to  be 
nearer  a  raUe  of  barbarbm  than  anything  that  exist. 
oodar  tbe  paratoaion  of  a  atatute  of  the  United  State*. 
1  earoeMly  recommend  it.  prompt  repeal* 
Daring  tbe  bet  month  the  goldraaerve  in  the 
ntaaiy  for  tbe  porpoae  of  redeeming  the  not« 


the:  notej  of 

irculating  aa  money  in  the  hand,  of 
tbe  peoc4e  became  ao  reduced,  uid  its  further  deple- 
tion  in  the  near  future  aeemed  ao  certain,  that  in  the 
exarciM  of  proper  care  for  the  public  welfare  it  be- 
to  replenish  thi.  reserve,  and  thus 
in  the  ability  and  determma- 


tion  of  the  Government  to  meet,  a*  agreed,  it.  pecun- 


:-    .       • 


MO  well  if  in  thi.  emergency  au- 
to toeue  the  bond,  of  the  Govern- 
a  low  rate  of  interest  and  maturing 
a  abort  period;  but  the  Congreaa  having 
feUed  to  confer  each  authority,  resort  was  necessarily 
bad  to  tbe  reeomptkm  act  of  1875,  and  pursuant  to  its 
piovieton.  bond,  were  toaoed  drawing  interest  at  the 
rate  of  ft  par  cent  per  annum  and  maturing  ten  yean 
tbeirtoaae, that  being  the  ahorteat  time  author- 
,  t  I  am  clad  to  s«y.  however,  that  on 
of  tbeae  bond,  tbe  premium  received  operated 
» the  rate  of  iatereat  to  be  paid  by  the  < 
to  lea.  than  S  percent. 

••"••'•        •      :    '•     ' 

relations  exiating  bet 
meat  baa  waned,  the  gold 
bald  for  ha  redemption, and  tbe  mean,  whi.h  m.M  be 
reaortad  to  for  tbe  purpoee  of  rtplenuhin^  such  re- 

••-••-•    .-'.:.-'-.,      _...,.... 

•    .          ••-•    ,    !.,-,!      •    ",     r,    :..    ;v    -.    •:    •),-.       '  .. 

rauon.  meant  their  cancellation,  the  fund  would  U- 
Rut  theae  obligation,  when  received  and 
ir-.bl  are  not  canceled,  bat  are  reissued, 
.  H  by  way  of  drawing 
<•  Treasury.  Thus  we  have  an  endlea. 
chain  la  operation  oonatantlv  depleting  the  Treawiry1. 
•old  and  never  near  .final  rert.  A.  if  thi.  was  not 
bad  enough,  we  have,  by  a  statutory  declaration  that 
it  to  tbe  policy  of  the  Government  to  maintain  the 
parity  between  mid  and  aflver,  aided  the  force  and 
i  of  thi.  cxh.wting  proeeaa  and  added 

..  •    -..-    •• 

"d  redemption.    Oar  email  gold  reaerve  to 
to  drain  from  every  aide.    Thedemand. 
oar  danger  atoo  fncreaae  the  neceaaity 
Jfeb  reaerve  ajrainst  depletion,  and  it  M 
u>  know  that  the  protection  af- 


vary amalL    Rut  i 
redaam.d  in  gold 

•  •      • •• 

•old  from  the  Tr, 


replenbhed  i.  thmuirh 
of  the  bond,  of  the  Governr. 
;  and  yet  Congrew  ha.  not  only  thun  far  declined 
ae  the  iaane  of  bond,  beat  raited  to  rach  a 

in  some  quar- 


ter,  to  deny  both  the  necessity  und  I»>W<T  for  the 
toaaeofboodaatalL 

loan  n<>t  I-T  a  m<>ment  believe  that  any  ..four  citi- 
wna  are  deb  .:iinc  that  their  Government 

It  in  its  pecuniary  obligation,  or  that  its 


operation*    .-h"iil«l    l«  U)   :t   -i!\.r 

At  any  rate,  1  .lioul.l  n<>t  t..  1  tlmt  my  <luty 
wan  don«-  it  [omitted  ai  .i.i  make  1 

\-»  long,  thi-n-lon-.  ju.  in.  IT 
i.  made  lor  the  final  rr«lrm|.ti<.M  «.r  tin-  puttm.- 
of  the  riirn-n.-y   obligation    now   UM-<!  t..  r.  p.  ntr.llv 
and  oonnUntly  draw  tr<>ui  ti  .  nt  Itagold, 

anda.longa.no  better  authority  t..r  i».n.l  i^ue.  i. 
allowed  than  at  praaent  exfot.,  Mii-Ji  autliority  will  !.,• 
ami  ax.t^n  a>  it  beoomea  neoea- 
.ary  to  maintain  a pullirii-nt  gnM  n-w TV,-.  i,n<l  it 
•  lant  tinu-  to  >a\r  lli«  .-n-ilit  ..f..ur  «-«.untry  an<l  iniikn 
good  the  financial  dcclarationH  of  our  Qovammanti 

Queation.  relating  to  our  l^ank-  :m<l  ••urn-iir\  ;in- 
closely  connected  with  tin-  Mil.jcct  ju  • 
aixl  nay  also  present  m>tne  un.«nt  aturee. 

rr»iiiii)«'iit  amoim  thrin  an- tin-  la«-k  of  elltttldtj  fan 
our  rnrn-ncy  <-ir«>ulation,  and  it**  froqiu  i  ' 
tion   in  rtnancial  ri-nt«-r>  \\ln-n   it   i>  nio«.t  nc<-«l«l  in 
otlu-r  part.-,  of  tin-  country. 

The  absolute  <liv..r«-i  i  t  from 

the  businem  «>t  l.ankin^  is  the  ideal  relutionHhip  of 
the  Government  to  the  circulation  of  the 
the  country. 

Tim  condition  can  not  bo  inum  iliatcly  r.  i 
but  as  a  step  in  that  direction  and  as  a  means  of  se- 
curing a  more  elaMic  currency  and  obviating  other 
ohji-ctions  to  tin-  pn-M-nt  arranVr«-iiM-nt  <«t'  liank  <-ir«-u- 
lation.  tin-  >  in  liis 

n-jK.rt  a  scheme  mo<lif\  iiiu'  ]'r«^«-nt  hanking  hi 
t>rovi«linjr  for  tlie  if-.-iit-  «'t'  ctroniatillff  noto  l-y   State 
bonks  free  from  taxation  under  rertain  liiuitat'ioii.s. 

•ary  explains  his  plan  so  plainly,  and  its 
advantages  are  developed  by  nini  with  mob  remark- 
able clearness,  that  any  effort  «-n  my  part   to 
argument   in   its  aoppott    \sould    ha   hujx-rtluous.      1 
shall  therefore  content   myself  witli   an   unqualified 
indorsement  of  the  Seen  fan's  projmscd  ohai 
the  law  and  a  brief  and  impt-rfect  statement  «  : 
prominent  features. 

It  is  proposed  to  repeal  all  la\\s  providing  for  tfat 
deposit  of  United  States  U.ndsa.s  seeurity  for  circula- 
tion; to  permit  national  bank.-  to  issue  circulating  in-tes 
•  •edin^r  in  amount  7">  j>«-r  cent,  of  their  paid-up 
an«l  unimpaired  capital.  ]'ro\ide<l  they  d«  posit  with  the. 
(io\ernnu-nt,  as  a  fruarantce  fund,  in  United  State. 
Ic^al-tender  notes,  including  Treasury  notes  of  1890, 
a  sum  e«jual  in  amount  to  ;;n  j.«-r  cent.  «.f  tl.- 
they  desire  to  issue,  this  defiosit  to  be  maintained  at 
all  times,  but  whenever  any  bank  retires  an\ 

ulation   a  proj-ortional    j-art   ot     • 

fund  shall  be  returned  to  it  ;  to  permit  the  Secretary 
•;ry  to  prej-are  and   keep  on  hand  ready 

.  •      •     reaat    in  circulat: 

blank  national  bank  note-  f.. reach  bank  ha\ 
eulation    and  to  repeal  the  provis; 
law  itii|K>tiin(;  limitations  and  restrictions  uj^.n  bank. 
•  duce  or  increase  their  circulation— thu. 
pajmitmig MMil  increase  orn-duc-tion  within  the  limit 
of  75  per  cent,  of  capital  to  be  quickly  made  a- 

arise. 

In  addition  to  the  guarantee  fund  required  it  is 
proposed  to  provide  a  safety  fund  for  ti 
n-demption   of  the  circulating  notes  of  failed  banks, 
by  itn}M>sint;  a  small  annual  tax, say,  one  half  of  i  j,cr 
cent,  upon  the  average circu  l.ank  until 

the  fund  amount,  to  6  per  cent,  of  the  total  circula- 
tion outstanding.     When  a  bank  fails  its  guarantee 
fund  i.  to  be  paid  into  this  safety  fund  and  its  note. 
are  to  be  redeemed  in  the  first  ''.• 
safety  fund  thus  augmented— any  impairment  of  such 
fund  caused  thereby  to  be  made  good  from  the  imme- 
diately available  cash  assets  of  said  bank,  and  i: 
should  be  insufficient,  such  impairment  to  be  made 
good  by  pro  rota  assessment  amontr  the  other  banks, 
their  contributions  constituting  a  first  lien  upon  the 


OQVttoVa     ta 


V*  »  fur- 

.. .  U  fMatiMd  Mri  Uw  bank 

ofili  •toMlatfta*  Ma.  to  lo  *• 


• 

::r:, 


.    . 

*****"«£ 


It  b  faith*  purtdort  iKat  U 


M  tto  ova  otto*  or  at 
by  li,  and  in*  no  Ixad 


•  aaan  TfntTtrikm  that  coin;  and  tno  noi 

Jbay  bn^o  not  nnd  miinjl.it  ikoboiroolaHnf  •*•»  CjpS^^^^k<21f2"rl"*i^«i 

I      1   •     I  >   &f      ll  ••*•>    MaWaaaaV  IwaaLiWaiam.  Ik  I  I   1  a\fl  k       ffatfataam.     4%am^    MaaaaaW      a^aafaWaa^aU      aaaaaa\am*4aaaaV     •aaaattoaaaaataa^a% 

.*  ^ »       "*  "*  '  •     i.  -          '     ..  "  •-  •-'• 

MHatVaH    aVA    tak&l     ffetll     ASlMaal  CM^^aa\F    CfWB^Mm\llk  O/   ^kM^at  *  tfllaall    oat   atO  tifloaf   ba>   Ift  •^••amV  Onf  laW  «iitfltf^ft0aV   btfWatoa\ 

•pOfc    tfMaW     MMafel  t     HMnt    tfttMl     DMUaal     OAVV     «9|4    MM  WlVflk 


• 
.- 
• 


tt  tint 

•Mil  bomlu  k>^  f  rpBJfUr  iiilri  Ihotr  J«lj  ofoMb  irow.a  d«jr  of  oo«  ftwivli  •ft  •*<*•«. 

Boio»  whoa  pKMontoii M ih«ir  pnociH  «*  fer  «»li  half  y«^  »poc  Ifco  aroty  o»oom  « 

ia^  Itk^V  tliMi  tkfa  ^B^Ml^  BkAV   ba  i^wAillv  •!!  DOlfli  toMvi  kv  0Ojak  ••OttiOuOOlMM  ttot 

,  .      "  '  «-«t.-U     ft 

m  ••••  OT  Ml  QOTOUB ,  DW>  I  •Ol  HHMB0I1  U  iw»*rwi  inmm  fHiwiauni  IB    *»•   HI^B^^V    •* 

•  ••••  Rrf   •   ^OfJT  CMO*  NHHVWMM  to  P^r'''^'']  **5M  "  ••MBOOV 


HUVOl    10    IIM    I  OQ^TW*,    MM    MMtftaff    IIMOJI    tOM^      <MOIIVi  to  NWfV  UM  Vnol*  OC  MIT  PMf  4V  Ml  OlPHIB* 


!•(  lojr  iMlalaitoa  that  toad*  to  UM  pvaeponty  M«l     UMCOT«»  tOporoom.  of  cWMMOMMof  «ook 

•         -  -  UBUtKM   (i.k%KUUm.  DOlO»lUll  U   fMllXil    to  lfc«   MMIIJQrilMI 


Thr  (arrowy.-  The  mo*  important  mbjoot 

n  of  iKe  CongiiM  at    gfJJfJ1  ^ 
thfa  tMiioo  wMli>oichMnoDro>ooad  forachm  v 


in  t  ho  cumoojr  fjAom. 

•«•«*  vpoke  .>r  a  pUn 

'  the  Trmwrr  in 


Trmwrr  in  U  report,  -modifying    obltoa  ••» 


(JS^HNrioriitoUi   CL£t -  •        - 

&0o  bank*  f rw  from  •««•»  of  JMIOMT  and  Jolt  to  onaa  yoar.  a  tu  of 

iilatioq.-.  nndbooou  «-**ftnof  i  par  con*,  fcronat  aatf  raar^onmo 

^^  Av«f^tfB  AttMitmi  a/  a^  «4iK^a^a^0  ^^aM  ^^a^^^^aaw 

*oW  OOQOCDO*  ftTtnH  It  to   t)                                                          »»  ^tm( 


UlAtkw  under  cwuin  limit 
Uaod  thr  main  fmtura* 

hi*  approrai     Sir.  iWiiate  orooonioq  nn  TMV»    , 
rtiMMurv  which  wan  mtroduc«.i 

'•wutativ^i  i.v  Mr.  Sprinffor. 
rnfenrod  to  tbo  Oommittoo  oa  Rnnkiiur  and  C**- 


A  •/ 


i  to  tn«  Commute*  on  lUnkmj;  and  Cor-        bob  oMobnoo)  '       H  i    •iilnl    i  I 
and   rvportod   from   thai   bodj  Doc.  I?.     ' ni«iMi  •ffjjy^jb> •<**•••[ *'ili«  ii.i 
TtemoVo^^ivpoftod  rail  follow.:    g^  g^ZJgiL^Ju-^  !±^-t 

W^^^  »    *^«W  IOTV  Vol^aWlaVawOT  ^WTHaV  Vv     WalVBVoaV 
Mfcafa^aHa?  AoV  ataW    ^BfVaOB^Lf  afa^Maf  JSaW«MM  o*4^  atkmWMMa«OaJa%*          tf«oa\latfW^Bt  a^ka\ll    ffa^al    ^Mfe  oa^MataBOMal  OTM   OMr^a^i  o^  oar 

;rr^i^^TJ^T7a"C^rit  <?ys^M^^>>-<g><  ^  ^r*w 


CONGRESS.    (Tel  CUBBEXCT.) 


IM^A.  i^^n  toft  ^^M^MltfM^B  M)  ^^a^a^a^^fl    MMttll   nAV 

ItoB  opoo  tbeasaeteof  eaon  MM  bank  for  the 


iw&Bpttoo  of its  circulation. 
UM.  C  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  may 


•     :.  .-  -..;,-.    :., 

.MX!  for  the 
of  failed  national 


Sac,  y.  Thai  every   national  banking  aamociatiou 
••**•»  orcaniaed  and  having  boodaoo  depo.it  to 
•hall,  on  or  before  the  letday  of 
i«  suoh  booda  and  depoait  with  the 


.iaM,  withdraw 
rer  of  the  United 
ofUnfead 


a  guarantee  fund  con- 
eoder  note*,  Including 
the  act  of  .1 


IBM.  equal  to  *o  per  cent  of  it*  outstanding  circula- 

te a*  UM  tame  of  sucn  withdrawal  and  deposit,  and 

all  law»  and  parta  of  lawa  requiring  auch  association 

to  deposit,  or  lo  keep  on  depoait.  * 

ofthc 

any  purpose  other  than  aa  aecuritv  for  public  1 

afattd  are  hereby,  repealed  from  and  after  the 


tea,  9.  That  sections  9  and  Ii  of  the  act  approved 
188*.  entitled  -  An  Act  to  enable  national 
lainoiations  to  extend  their  corporate  exist- 
lor  other  purposes,"  and  section  81  «.f  tin 
act  approved  June  ft,  1064.  entitled  -  An  A 
a  national  currency  secured  by  a  pled,: 
States  booda,  and  to  provide  for  the  circulation  and 
thereof/ and  all  acts  and  parts  of  acts 
thereof  be,  and  the  name  are  hereby,  re- 

"  Sac.  ».  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  may,  in 
his  discretion,  nee  from  time  to  tame  any  surplus  rev- 
cooe  of  the  United  States  in  the  redemption  and  re- 
t  of  United  States  legal-tender  notes,  but  i  h,- 
of  such  notes  retired  shall  not  in  the  aggregate 
in  amount  eaual  to  70  per  cent,  of  the  addi- 
circulation  taken  out  by  national  banks  and 
the  provisions  of  this  act;  and 

*••..-•       •     '      .      •      i  :•..-.     :,    '    - 

•Bthoriasd  by  the  act  of  July  14,  1890, . 

rt«ting  the  purchase  of  silver  bullion  an.l  the 
issue  of  Treasury  notes  thereon. and  for  <>th<r  pur- 
poses/* of  a  lea*  denomination  than  $10ahall  be  issued, 
and  aa  rapidly  aa  auch  notes  of  denominations  leas 

-..-.«  ..'•.•....••••.•!  -...     ,-;.     !)..   . 

shall  be  canceled  and  an  equal  amount  of  notes  of 
like  character,  but  in  denominations  of  $10  or  multi 
plea  thereof;  shall  be  issued  in  their  place*,  but  not  h 
in*  in  this  act  shall  be  so  construed  aa  to  repeal  or  u 


•        ;   :..:.    . 


repeal  or  in 

p|   ;/..    Mdd  :i.  : 


a  banking  corporation  duly  organized  under  the  laws 
of  anv  State,  and  which  transacts  no  other  than  a 
banking  business,  shall  be  exempt  from  taxation 
under  the  law*  of  the  United  States  when  it  is  shown 
to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
and  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency 

That  such  bank  has  at  no  time  had  outstanding 
fea  circulating  notes  in  excess  of  76  per  cent  of  its 
paid-up  and  unimpaired  capital. 

.  hst  itn  stockholders  are  Individually  liable  for 
notes  to  tne  full  cx- 
but  this  shall  not  be 
•olding  stock  as  ex- 

11  "WyW"1^  ftt<irtU«na,  or  trustees,  if  the 
and  funds  in  their  bands  are  liable  in  like 
vaodtothe  same  extent  aa  the  testator,  intes- 
»ard,  or  person  interested  in  such  funds  would 
be  if  Hring  and  competent  to  act  and  hold  the  stock 
in  his  own  name. 

That  the  circulating  notes  constitute  by  law  a 
first  lien  upon  all  the  assets  of  the  bank. 


(4)  That  the  bank  has  at  all  times  kept  01 
ith  an  official  of  the  State  authorise.  1 
ceive  and  hold  the  same,  a  guarantee  Ama  ii 


States  legal-tender  notets  Including  Ti.-a.Miry  notes  of 
10W),  equal  to  80  per  cent,  of  its  outstanding  .  irvuhit 
ing  notes ;  and 
(6)  That  it  has  pp-mi-t  l\  redeemed  itn  notes  at  par 

on  demand  at  iu  principal  "lluv.  <T  at  ..in-  «.r 
•.ni.-li  ..lli.TM.  if  it  IIU.H  tranches. 
il.  That  the  St- 

and  regulations  to  be  established 
l-\  hin..  .itf  t-aiik.^  t<»  procure  aii-i  U-.  in  tin- 

preparir  •   i..-!.-  th.   »li>tin.-tivc  paper  used 

in  printing  United  States  securities;  \-\i\  n.  Mute  bank 
nhall  print  or  engrave  its  notes  in  himilitude  of  a 
United  States  note,  or  certificate,  or  national  bank 

IX. tr. 

Thr  Carlisle  bill  was  entitled  "  An  Act  to  aim  ml 
the  laws  relating  to  national  hanking  associa- 

iti  exempt    the    iitite>   of  Stall-  liank 
taxation  upon  certain  Condition^,  ami   for  other 
purposes."     In  explanation  of  the  ineasun  .  .Mr. 
SpnnpT  said  : 

"The  Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  in  his  re- 
port to  Congress,  dated  Dec.  8, 1894,  on  page  27, 
submits  a  table  showing  the  number  of  deposi- 
t •'!•«•  in  national.  State,  and  private  bank>,  loan 
and  tru.^t  c(ini|)anie>.  and  savings  bank-  in  the 
United  States  on  Oct.  31  last.  This  stat  - 
shows  that  there  were  8,143,000  persons  in  the 
United  States  who  kept  accounts  in  all  our 
banks.  The  same  statement  also  shows  that 
the  deposits  made  by  these  persons  amounted 
to  $4,220,000,000. 

-on  page  12  of  the  Comptroller's  report  is 
pven  a  statement  of  the  capital  stock  of  the  na- 
tional and  State  banks  in  the    1'nited   - 
which    aggregates    $1,069,000,000.     The    total 
banking  funds  of  all  the  banks  in  the  I 
States,  embracing  capital  stock,  suriilus,  undi- 
vided profits,  anddeposits  in  national  and  oilier 
banks  amounted  to  $6,407,000,000. 

"These  statements,  Mr.  Chairman,  will  sen  e  t<> 
illustrate  the  great  importance  and  the  universal 
interest  manifested  in  the  subject  now  before 
this  committee. 

"The  Committee  on  Banking  and  Currency, 
which  lnts  recommended  the  passage  of  the 
(tending  bill  and  has  asked  for  its  immediate 
consideration  by  this  committee  and  by  this 
House,  has  been  giving  the  question  careful  con- 
sideration ever  since  the  appointment  of  the 
committee  by  the  Speaker  of  this  House  in  Au- 
gust, 1898.  'it  is  not  a  sudden  and  unconsid.  n  d 
(•(inclusion  to  which  we  have  arrived,  tin 
but  the  most  careful  deli  IK.*  ration  has  been  given 
i  great  subject. 

•  -e  the  message  of  the  President  of  the 
United  States  and  the  report  of  the  Secretary  of 
••asury  to  this  Congress  at  its  present  ses- 
sion   the    committee    have    had   hearings   and 
1   before  them  prominent    bankers    and 
icrs  from  every  part  of  the  country.     The 
statements  of  these  gentlemen  are  printed  and 
before  the  members  of  this  House.     We  have 
deemed  it  best  to  report  a  bill  for  the  considera- 
. -e,  and  we  ask  this  committee 
to  enter  upon  its  consideration  soberly,  candidly, 
and  with  the  sole  view  to  the  promotion  of  the 
best  interests  of  our  common  country. 

is  bill  does  not  represent  the  individual 
views  of  any  member  of  the  committee,  or  per- 
haps of  any  member  of  this  House,  in  its  entirety. 


OONOU8&    (Twi  CVtmnor.)  171 


*  compromise  bill,  a  meaeure  which,  m  it 

h  b  ton  i  ' 

sjasjaji      ' 

that  ha*  been  .     . 

,      :.-.   l.'V.:  :       '      '   •       v   .  -  '  • 

aoniaiiHat  would  na»e  preuar* 

*  oireamsf  anec*.  and  webs- 

MawVwl     It      !•     A     wtML.  *•*•!     ft 

I     1%     lav     av    ue>awjA|  mjsjsxe)     • 

4t.  a  »tr|,  t..»ani 


ve  greater  stability  and  I 

•xiuntry  at  *l<lttion  to  tab  tbe 

ual  henkinjc  law  requires  provided  U  la« .  arr  liable  to  an  amount  «jual 

banks  dceiring  to  take  out  circulation  shall  u>  tbe  value  of  tbe  amount  of  tbe  stock  which 


Treasurer                 uitad  SUtas  U»y  bold  in  the  bank.    « hit  of  tbe  assets  of  tbe 

.tea,  and  currency  may  bank,  out  of  tbe  amount  received  fits,  tbe  par- 

be  tosued  upon  tbsse  bond                                M  eonal-liabtthy  clause,  from  tbe  . 

par  valur  ..f  the  bonds.    Oar  bonds  are  now  the  guarantee  fund  tbe  notes  of  any  failed  bank 

mium  of                   M  hank.  Aft  Iw*  ejuiU  paid. 

t..  (mv  $117  for  the  bonds,  and  only  get  - 1  desire  to  call  attention  to  a  few  facts  wfefafe 

to  in  rvt.ru  m  the  ,ha|*  of  currency,  tbe  con-  will  snow  conclusiTelT  thai  tbto  provbion  to 

now  soon  tnat  tbe  bsuano*  of  nation-  ample  for  •scoring  tbe  note*  of  tbe  banks  under 

al  bank  ,  um-n,  T   i.  no  longer  profitable,  and  *u  conditions.    TV  bill  limits  tbe  amount  of 

tlaAffM      isa     at     JXllfit  Ajfc****^     slaS  f4  ft  It  alaTTB     iffl     tlssft     fhAavssttCftsB\l  Birrf^^     asvla^ala     a\s»a»     fttsmsjiaV      sjsjasmv     Iskk         JisMJ      siff    9ft  fUsssV 

Vfl^Vw     eV    •    TM^eHUHIssW     Pfef  IMe»e»^w     •••     V>4aW    •awfJOTMaW  ^  •usvusw    «v«M    WW    ^BBe%     ssVuv^     IsMV    %^a»%     esV    f W  J^aW 

bank  curreaey.  which  bat  been  goinr  on  for  A  cent,  of  the  capital  stork  of  the  bank.    Tbe 

M,».  r.  vbofe  wnounl  of  tbe  capital  Hot*  of  all  the 

national  bank  notes  Ati..nal  l«nksat  tbb  time  b  M710IKMIOO;  and 

n  wa«  ooly  »MI.OOO^OO.  if  all  the  bank*                   ted  State*  sfcoufcl  take 

he  total  ciirula-  out  al                                             -.hey  are  etiUUsd 

tfaf  medium<rf  tbe  Unitadfltatas  outside  of  the  under  thb  bill  tbe  wbob  df^l^c  bank  omr- 


..f  i.lli.-r  .,,tintri.-. 

.  •  •  •  "    UKiOw   wmijo  •W^w"    »•* 


*  fMchad  tnt  oonelorioo  that  a  fuaranto*  fund  whicb  to  required  to  b»  ill  iiMaHi 

bunil-vimlt  i*  n..  l..nk-rr  n.^*%«rjr  in  ..nl.-r  !..  ,„  thr  TrvaMiry  -f   th.-   I  i.;t--i    -*v«   |g    Ma% 

•rare  bank  t<inuUti..n.    At  thr  taM  MHion  I  bank,  anmontior  to  30  i*r  ccnL  upon  tb«  dim- 

inin.luiYsl  «  lull  win.  h  i-r-.M-l-^l  for  rewiring  Ution  anpl  i«l  for.  would  amou 

l«,  000.    TbTreaoureM  of  all  tW  national  bank.. 

m  well  a*  national  bonds.     Hut  th.-n-  WM  thb  which  arr  ultmmtrlT  and  reaiotaly  ra«onafth 

ol.j«-ti-.n   10  that   m.-a^in-.  that   n.-.tri>   lUflHl  f.,r    ttM    .:".,-.    :..'•-'>'  A  •.-.-'.• 


ol.j«-ti-.n 

boodt  were  beld  in  th«  KaM  .  r  al.nMul.  and  thai    amonntod  on  Oct  SI  to  J41^00lumi 

tneywere  not  arailabk  in  looaliUos  wberecur-    «  poa^Me  HrrulaUoo  of 

rency  WM  tcarco  a*  tecurit  r  for  bank  cirvula-    be  an  arailablr  goaraa 

of  9151.000,000.%  «f*y  tead  of 


>«  Dending  bill  does  not  require  a  depoait    and  an  ultimatr  fund  om  of  wbkn  ibe 
ItedS 


bonds  nor  any  other  interest.    mnr  failed  bank  could  be  paid 

l«r  to  make  proper  se- 
for  the  oimUating  notes. 
is  fttmfltded  flu  AJI  K^vK  And  your  com 
hare  taken  thb  subject  under  tbe  most    of  fjQjDOOiOOa   'if  at  tbal  UnW  aU  of  tbe  M. 
consideration,  that  there  should  be  no    tiooal  bank,  in  tbe  raited  Hlate*  bed 
tting  medium  issuing  from  tbe  banks 
>,*  absolutely  salt,  note 
safe  in  times  when  everything  b  flourishing 
pcmprn.iw.  but    iMifr   at   all    t,tn~;    in   timr   ,,f     tj|kcll    asj    O,.    f  t:i 

hat  the  hill  .hall  be  paid  upon 

.:«*», 

•rat    main 


s  «rf    all  ih-  -  hidi  ther  womld  be  ea^ 

only    tied  u  -I  tbea  been  to  f«r~. 

and    and  if  all  the  banks  that  ssiiiiJii  bad  also 


i«t  QafSjdOsi  ami  can  not  be  n 
parposa  of  being  used  M  *  deposit 

-ulalkm. 


cm-ulal 

•f  tbe  ssruritT 
tesToarco 

...       ,,  .,     ..,,.. 


' 


L7I 


CONGRESS.    (THE  CURRENCY.) 


for  the  payment  of  the  entire  outstanding  notes 
SMjISnilllil    Unk*.  nnd   there   would    I,  ax. 


been  A  surplus  of  ov.r  $n.««io.OOO  Mill  in  the 
fund. 

hat  suspended  86  re- 

turned payment  within  a  short  period.  and  there 
was  no  £M»  in  those  easts  either  to  tb 
holder*  or  to  the  depositors.  There  wen  only 
65  national  bank*  that  went  int..  \\w  hands  of 
that  crisis.  and  they  had  a  cap- 
it*l  rtock  of  $10.965.000.  If  we  assume  that  t  lu- 


las of  those  95  hanks  only  were  to  he  paid  out 
of  the  guarantee  and  safety  fund,  then  there 
would  have  been  only  fS.SOO.Oo-  mding 

notes  of  all  the  hank*  which  passed  into  the 
hands  of  receivers  evrn  if  they  had  all  taken  out 
their  maximum  amount*.  The  80-per-cent. 
fund  would  have  paid  $2.460,000  of 
hieh  would  have  left  onlv  $4,100,- 
..ut  of  the  .Vner-cent  safety  fund. 


notes,  which  would  have  left  onlv  $4,100,- 
e  paid  out  of  the  .Vner-cent  safe 
t  all  of  those  banks  had  available  assets, 


000  to  he 


and  the  stockholders  were  individually  liable  to 
amount-  equal  to  their  stock,  so  that  here  was 
an  additional  fund  out  of  which  the  notes 
could  have  been  paid.  The  unavailable  assets 
could  have  been  realized  on  in  the  end,  and  that, 
with  thr  liability  of  the  stockholders,  would  have 
yielded  a  considerable  additional  sum.  If  it 
should  be  assumed  that  all  the  national  banks 
which  were  in  existence  on  Oct.  81  last  were 
organized  under  the  proposed  law,  and  that  all 
of  them  in  a  great  financial  crisis  had  failed, 
and  if  it  should  be  assumed  that  all  of  them 
had  taken  out,  under  the  pending  bill,  the 
entire  circulation  to  which  they  would  have 
been  entitled,  the  condition  would  have  been  as 
follows:  The  circulation  would  have  amounted 
to  $504.000.000.  The  guarantee  and  safet  y  fund 
would  have  amounted  to  $176,000,000.  That 
would  leave  $838,000,000  of  circulating  notes 
the  payment  of  which  would  be  secured  and 
paid  W  a  pro  rota  assessment  from  the  resources 
of  all  the  national  banks  in  the  United  States. 

-  These  resources,  as  I  have  before  stated, 
amounted  on  Oct.  1  last  to  $8,478.000,000.  The 
amount  of  the  notes,  it  will  be  seen,  would  not 
equal  10  per  cent  of  the  fund  out  of  which  they 
could  be  paid.  This  does  not  include  the  fund 
which  would  be  derived  from  the  personal  lia- 
bility of  the  stockholders.  In  view  of  these 
fart*  it  seems  to  me  conclusive  that  under  the 
proposed  bill,  even  in  a  great  crisis  such  as  that 
swept  over  the  country  in  1808.  th.r. 
could  be  no  possible  loss  to  any  person  who  had 
in  his  possession  a  bill  issued  by  a  national  bank 
under  the  provisions  of  this  proposed  law. 

M  Objection  has  been  made  in  some  quarters 
to  the  provision  of  the  bill  requiring  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury  to  levy  a  pro  rota  ass  MM 
rornt  upon  all  the  banks  in  the  system  f 
purpn*  of  making  good  any  deficit  that  then- 
may  be  in  the  available  asset!  of  the  bank  and 
in  the  guarantee  and  safety  funds  for  the  pay- 
of  the  notes  of  a  failed  bank.  It  has  been 
that  the  national  banks  of  the  Tnit.d 
will  not  take  out  circulation  under  this 
provision.  I  do  not  heli-  be  national 

beakers  met  in  convention  in  Baltimore  last 
October  and  formulated  a  bill  which  carried  out 


"Thc  bill  formulated  by  that  convention  is 
known  a>  tin'  Halt  inion*  plan. and  it  dilTcrsfroin 
tin*  plan  submitted  by  your  commit!. .-  in  )•«•- 
ouirmg  that  the  Government  of  the  I'nited 

States,  if  tin-  safety  fund  and  tin-  available  as- 
sets  of  a  failed  bank  should  be  insufficient  to 
pay  the  notes  of  that  bank,  shall  pay  the  differ- 
ence out  of  the  Treasurx.  Hut  I  want  to  call 

n  of  gentlemen  to  the  fact  that  there- 
is  a  provision  in  the  Haltimotv  plan  which  au- 
thon/*  •  rnment  immediate]}  to  levy  a 

tax  ujM.n  the  banks  for  the  purpose 'of  making 
good  the  funds  advanced  by  the  (l<>\ ••rnment 
for  such  purpose  and  for  the  purpose  of  making 
u"  »»\  the  safety  fund:  so  that  in  practical' 
lion  the  Baltimore  plan  subjects  the  banks  in 
this  respect  to  practically  the  same  responsibility 
as  the  bill  which  your  committee  reports. 

"  I  desire  to  call  attention  to  another  feature 
of  the  Haltimore  plan.  That  plan  pro\jd»--  lir>t 
that  the  redemption  fund  now  required  by  law- 
shall  be  deposited  in  the  Treasury,  amounting 
to  5  per  cent,  of  the  circulation  in  each  bank. 
That  fund  belongs  to  the  bank  and  is  a  | 
its  assets.  In  addition  to  that  redemption  fund, 
which  is  to  be  used  for  the  redemption  of  the 
notes  of  the  failed  banks— for  the  purpose  of 
current  redemption  at  the  Treasury — there  i.s 
what  is  called  a  guarantee  fund  provided  in  the 
sixth  section  of  this  Haltimore  plan  through  the 
deposit  by  each  bank  of  2  per  cent,  upon  the 
amount  of  the  circulation  received  b\  it  the  fii>t 
year. 

Then-after  impose  a  tax  of  one  half  of  1  \> 
upon  the  average  amount  of  OUtStandlnff  circulation. 

the  same  to  be  paid  into  thin  fund  until  it  shall  cmml 
ut.  of  tin-  entire  circulation  outstanding,  u  hen 
lection  of  Mich  tax  shall  l>e  BUP ponded,  to  be 

restm.e.l  whenever  the  Comptroller  of  the  < 
shall  deem  it  necessary. 

-  This  one  half  of  1  per  cent,  per  annum  may 
be  imposed  whenever  necessary  to  restore  this 
fund. 

The  note*  of  insolvent  banks  shall  be  !*•!• 
by  the  Treasurer  of  the   United   States   out  of  the 
guarantee  fund  if  it  shall  be  sufficient — 

"  And  it  i-  j.rovided  previously  that  the  re- 
demption fund  shall  also  be  applied  for  that 
purpose 

if  it  nhall  be  sufficient,  and  if  not  sufficient,  then  out 
of  any  money  in  the  Treasury,  the  name  to  !>• 
burned  to  the  Treasury  out  of  the  "guarantee  fund" 

-h.  .1  either  from  the  asset*  of  th- 
banks  or  from  the  tax  aforesaid. 

"There  is  precisely  in  effect  the  same  provi- 
sion in  the  Haltimore  plan  for  the  ultimate  lia- 
bility of  all  the  banks  for  the  notes  of  any  failed 
bank  in  the  entire  system." 

Mr.  Springer  submitted  a  substitute 
for  the  Carlisle  lull.  Among  the  changes  of  im- 
portance was  one  in  section  2.  allowing  cum -ncv 
certificates  issued  under  section  510:',  of  the  lie 
vised  Statutes  to  be  deposited  as  part  of  the  :;(»- 
:it.  guarantee  fund.  The  closing  part  of 
section  5  was  amended  so  as  to  read  as  follows : 


•i  a  national  banking  association  becomes  in- 
it*  guarantee  fund  held  on  deposit  shall  be 

.  transferred  to  the  safety  fund  herein  provided  for,  and 

their  wishes  in  regard  to  a  national-bank  sys-    applied  to  the  redemption  of  it*  outstanding 
••:;..  and  in  cane  the  said  last-mentioned  fund  should  at 


OONOUttl   (Tn«  OVMUBKV.) 


aM. 
3*  or  Mftw  k»  MMI  MI  *•.!!*•<  «T> 

l     ES*  *****  MftUtaM,  «T  MMMl  Mftfc  Mia 


"TlT7w.lt  MtkTfact  thai  tM 

- 


-     •'     '    - 

• 


^U 


,.,..-.   M      ..-.••• 


sjKis^^^sara^ss^  «»»? *l?^n&j£}^<£?£&lz 

i    •  •        avll     iKa     ff^tfftblA.    ttfiVmlvMMM^    A^ttl    MBMBB*MMf^Mft       fffllHBPv     vW     •^•••••••••HNB     VM     <a^*J««W"» 

ln««rtk*Sc«ljr«>muchof  tb«  Art  of  July     ^^  ^^^^^^!!^L^^  ( 
.4uof*oldM>dti»ia«»    sbMktaf  baiwbi«atr*lfmi«*pro* 

'    -.'  ••.,  .        ;     ,  r  •/;iv;.:;   -     ;;;:     ;:  :  .,      '.. 


$10  and  multiple*  uf  that  amount  «a  i'oiSittljftoJ  ^ 

.aa»l  buik  noua.    To  Motion  10  tM  fol-    TI^  thai  thto  bill  pwrfcMi  for  tW 


CMipuotkroT 
•ByGokb^ 

>f  aajf  awava»  ••»  WBOTI  mavBHv  oo  OHMT  HMD 


I    Hi  mi  Hi  1 1  In  Hi  i  ilbiiM"nn  if  ibir  \immtitm 
-  •  Inpilii  and  that  •oeh  lawi >mmrif»that    »t  >^^ll^"B>^^t!i^yrO<ir<Bf!!^ 


ralMof  UMoapiulrtookowMdbjr  and  mak»ai  ioppnrii 

IMm,  and  that  aoeb  law*  rr^uirr  that  the  cirvulatinc  SUU  mtaMJL  in4fT  !«•  diriikd  aod  dlteoMj 

;;.;.;  .  .  .  :'V      ;        .  /  "•;•       .  •;  '    -      •   ;       ' 

IHIB    OBM    ^D  KVQv  ^W  O^B^^B^  ^*  vii   UIDflBf   wim  mX;  fc 


al  gbj 

hol.i     t 

^r».v.,k . 


•d  br  Uw  10  iwriv* 

MJ  A»i  a.  ****«£*»     btt!2J± 


TTtfi!!!^*  ><<^^%fei!.JS>t  ^  bmiNrioiMII0u>rrhal 

.»        .        •          .       •  .   .  • 

|B«.toopt««pcoTUUdlnihUi«<,«d     M  QOU  iMMi  •!«  o 


Unk  !.,»% 

ihrrr*lt»r  UM  ux  of  10  MT  wot.  iMtHuMv  ItnpoMd  voukl  bar*  oa  infer.  UMO 

&.waTk!SRLli^J  ££    **  ^y  •  """^  °*  ltal*  ' — 

tf     «M          •        Arfa.     ^•fl^^am««l      •«fe     MM&AftMlamMM      itoMft0B 

rtf  Ati^K    K*nk    Mjil^M   ii    •tM^Afltt   IK&1    — • *^    fc^^fci    W^^  pOPW     Ol    Tww,    19    •M^HMH 

W    V1KI0    IMIUI     VBN*«P   ••    *W^^***    MHM>   ••MB    1^M»«»     »»^P»  * *.•  ^   •  B^^ ,  I 

lM^«bwlrtlMMMita«ma«oCUMr«MLoflii  Umto of  toMt to  MMJ  wfca*  >•  rM*; 

CtoSSs±j»^fetti  fflastt»stL'tzs<iru2 

SSbank  ba»  oot  k^C  on  <U|»«it  wUi»  t^lStaftt  ofl.  w^  u,  b*  IM «M»  te  fiart  I  MB  wnr  tMl 

«tal  aotboriMd  »                  M!T»  Md  MM  IM  MM  Jt|ltuHai  uf  lln  ffiajg  taal  rrnnn  ~  i' ' 

»mt%t        <    t    I  --    »%•         r  •  l  m  iK     ^^rtli  rufcfm^t^npk 

B  •VMiVHw^v  IW*m  W  f^VVBv^Hl  IM  UW  K^BTUl  IW^^rV|^l  a  HMiftaMP  AWJIfl   ^kk* 

«T*bMlMKQr«MlaaldbMkb.BMlfMiiA  •l77il.&2        ^  «  Z^^iowiab. 


• 


IirttCMCMMfcrfltofeMMl  -1'1;* 

ottMa ;  Vfr)  IMt  oo  pafMNi  «r  M  lofV*  wajca) 

-»- -  ti^fc  ^^j__.  ^^f^^^  ia         ••  Hat.  Mr 

^•SuwEbS 


And  Metloo  It  wa*  altrm!  M  follow* 
That  anr 


u^i.r ......  hg»«j  r.,^-.  -  q     .-  V  r^7 •),;*.;  ..:".•;;•:  j  SAMJ  IS 


174 


CONGRESS.    (THE  CURRENCY.) 


of  48  States.    If  it  be  Mid  that  in 

maximum    limit   of  iwue, 
the  deposit  of a  guarantor  fund. |*ramal  liability 
of  shareholders,  and  fl  r*t  lien  on  asset*,  it  i>  uro- 
pnesd  l«>  rvuwrr  thai  Slate  Uuks  of  i»tit«  Khali 
OUUftHBI  to  Ilir  Mat  Us*  of  lUltioiml  banks  as  a  con- 
dition of  exempt  i.  M.  from  the  I0-per-cent  tax,  I 
reply  that,  in  the  flnrt  place,  these  are  only  a 
part  of  the  requirement*  for  national  Uiu 
thai,  crm  if  they  were  all.  the  failure  t..  j 
for  effective  national  supervision  would  make 
UM  requirements  practically  nugatory. 
••  Practically  it  would  bo  f...u,d  imp— 
rim  any  effective  national  control  over  State 


banks  of  issue  wider  *uch 
posed,  as  State  banks  receive  their  fnu. 
from  the  wrens!  States  and  are  suLj. .  t  to  .state 
control  and  supervision  :  and  even  the  right  of 
the  national  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  to  in- 
vestigate from  time  to  tune  the  ...nditK 
State  bank  to  ascertain  whet  her  t  he  four  nat  i<  >nal 
conditions  of  issue  have  been  complied  with  is 
/in  uncertain  implication,  rather 
than  positive  provision,  of  law.  ( Vrtainly,  gen- 
tlemen who  talte  the  ground,  as  many  friends  of 
State  banks  do,  that  the  National  Government 
has  n  with  State  bank-  of 

issue,  will  not  be  likely  to  pn>\  ide  hereafter  any 
Federal  restrictions  on  the  issues  of  such 


-The  fact  must  not  be  overlooked  that  the 
conditions  proposed  practically  offer  a  premium 
for  even  existing  national  banks  to  change  to 
Stele  banks  of  issue,  by  exempting  State  banks 
of  issue,  not  only  from  the  easvntial  Imt  exact- 
faf  Go% eminent 'supervi-ion.  but  also  from  the 
payment  .,f  the  general  tax  of  half  of  1  per  cent. 
per  annum,  and  also  the  payment  of  tin-  special 
safety-fund  tax  of  the  same  amount.  When  it 
is  borne  in  mind  that  hanking  is  a  business,  pur- 
sued because  of  the  expectation  of  profit  like 
other  kinds  of  business,  it  will  be  seen  that  if 
this  bill  should  become  a  law  there  would  U 
serious  dan p-r  that  under  the  guise  of  extend- 
ing the  national  hanking  system  it  would  prove 
to  be  a  potent  inducement  for  its  destruction 
and  for  the  substitution  of  r,  State-bank  sys- 


••  I  do  not  propose  at  this  time  to  recall  at 
length  the  argument*  f<  r  1  national-  rat  her  than 
46 State-bank  systems  which  led  this  House  at 
the  la*  session  by  70  majority  to  declare  against 
the  rehabilitation  of  Mate  banks  as  banks  of 
issue  in  any  form.  I  merely  indicate  some  of 
the  pMintfl  of  these  arguments. 

>r  ewentiab  of  a  good  bank  cu- 
are.  flr-t.  ultimate  safety  or  payment  of  issues; 
second,  immediate  convertibility  into  coin  or  its 
equivalent ;  thinl.  uniformity,  convenience,  and 
economy  ;   and  fourth,  el.-,  i«ue— that 

.         !    h  ,-   I,--. 

-  Tf>.  fir.t  three  of  these  essentials  have  been 
found  in  the  circulation  of  our  national  bank« 
as  they  never  have  been  and  never  can  be  found 
in  the  emulating  notes  of  45  different  State- 
bank  nyntems. 

Itimate  safety,  contrast  the  fact  that 

in  thirty  years*  experience  with  State  systems 

before  the  war.  according  to  the  Comptroller  of 

irrrnry.  the  losses  through  the  notes  of 

the  failed  banks  averaged  one  fifth  of  the  aggre- 


gate circulation  :  while  not  one  dollar  has  been 
lost  by  holders  of  notes  of  national  Lank-  in  the 
thirty  yean  -m.-«-  the  national  banking  system 

I  ••  •  a::;-    o-ln  ral. 

"  As  to  convertiLih  ftftj    tin-   fact    that, 

the  notes  of  State  Lank-  \seiv  constantly  fn-m 
one  half  of  1  prr  cent,  to  A  per  cent,  discount, 

they  were  received  at   all,  outside  of  the 
States  of  issue,  with   the  fact    that    dtim 
thirty  years  in  which  \\e  have  had  the  08 
system*  the  notes  of  national  Lank-  in  T. 

D  have  !M'.  : 
New  Y"ik  a-  in  the  State!  \\h.  re  i  — ncd. 

to  uniformity.  •  MOIIIV. 

contrast  the  fact  that  in  ti 
cut  State  system-  Lefoiv  t  i 

circulating  ix.tes  made  counterfeiting  easy,  pro- 
ini-tcd  di-trust.  and  limited  the  usefulness  of 

••f  i>-ue.   and    the   al-eii.  Mimon 

control  and  common  regulations  and  a  common 
tie  increased  the  friction  and  cost  of  exchanges; 
while  in   the  thirty  years  sine.-  the  uar.  under 
the    national     system,   counterfeiting    ha 
made  difficult  and  the  detection  of  counterfeit- 
ers easy — it  has  Lcen  unnecessary  for  the 
eler  or  business  man  to  consider  for  a  moment. 
whether  the    national    notes   which    lie   < 

--ued  in  Vermont  or  .Montana  or  .V 
sippi.  and  has  so  promoted  and  economi, 
changes  that    the  Comptroller  of  the  Cm 
estimai  ing  of  at  least  $120.<MMU'" 

annum  on  Lills  of  exchange  alone  in  the  con- 
duet  of  the  Lu-iness  of  the  country. 

"In  directions  affect  ing  elasticity  of  issue  alone' 
the  national  system  needs  amendment  to  adapt. 
it  to  changed  conditions.  When  established  it, 
was  reasonably  elastic  as  to  issue.  L. •. -au-e  I  nited 
States  bonds  were  abundant  and  obtainable  at 
or  below  par,  so  that  a  profit  could  be,  made  on 
note  issues  which  could  be  loaned.  But  in 
progress  of  time  such  bonds  have  become  scarce 
and  command  a  premium,  and  this. coupled  with 
the  fact  that  the  law  still  permits  an  issue  of 
only  fK)  per  cent,  of  the  par  value  of  the  bonds, 
has  made  the  issue  of  circulating  note-  <.n  -uch 
bund  security  unprofitable,  and  in  making  it  un- 
profitable has  made  it  unresponsive  to  business 

demands. 

"  If.  in-tead  of  devising  a  bill  to  rehabilitate 
State  banks  of  issue,  the  Commit  tec  on  hanking 
and  Currency  had  assumed,  what  they  should 
have  assume-],  that  any  legislation  dealing  \\ith 
banks  of  issue  mu-t  be"  on  the  lines  of  a  uniform 
national  system,  under  the  sole  control  and  con- 
stant supervision  of  the  nation,  and  had  pro- 
ceeded to  make  such  chnnur«--  in  the  national 
system  as  would  have  provided  reasonable  secu- 
rity on  the  one  hand  and  reasonable  da-ticity  of 
issue  on  the  other  hand,  they  would  have  done 
themselves  more  credit  and  the  count r\ 

:i  if  their  work  ha<l  not  resulted  in 
legislation  at  this  session. 

"  I'ut  in  bringing  into  th«-  ILn-  a  hastily 
framed  bill,  which  has  not  even  had  the  benefit 
of  the  criticisms  and  amendments  of  the  mem- 
bers of  that  committee  in  the  committee  room, 
whose  central  Idea  is  the  rehabilitation  of  State 
banks  as  banks  of  issue,  they  have  failed  to  st  rike 
•  note  of  the  legislation  which  the  country 
expects. 

"  I  can  not  understand,  Mr.  Chairman,  why  it 


ItKHB.    (TM  ClUUWCY.) 

friends  look  so    abau  they  organiat  a  national  bank,  or  why  the 

•  be-    issass  of  a  national  bank  in  Charleston  are  any 

tern  requires  so    the  loss  a  home  currency  than  the  issue*  of  a 

lh»MMia*J. 

iiainaan.  the  regulation  of  the 

who  balisira  in    to  a  function  osssnUally  naiwmal.  aod  no 
ill*  the  Mi-uniy     l»»  any  mofr  bu»inr»*  «.-..•.  »t  th»n  «,u.  :i.<  re - 
rranl  oonditloos    ulatiun  of  postal  affairs  or  the  ragnlalloo  of  u>> 


» the  dmSGf  fMMjf.  thatktUwqJoty 
*  caaess Jtto^aVoodaiirary  froai  hand  to 

ly  distlnrt  from  that  r  •!••!  by  a  ohaok  or 


h  would    Urely  dietiart  from  that  pueMecd  by  a  ci 


' 
ig  nous    I 


in  wy  ing  this,  1  only  iwpamt 

troller  of    thi.  country  have  ssttlsd  beyond  mil; 
*  last  report,    whatever  party  or  whatever  man  or  sat  of  man 
-reamthat    undertake  to  sattls  oar  currency  problem  saay  as 
•ore  in  the  intelligence,    wall  understand  first  as  last  that  it  must  be  saV 
of  national  •uparvisjoft    tied  on  national  and  not  on  Kate  Unas,* 
f  U  prolealad  against  the 

portion  of  the  Uss»oerary : 

^mak.-!.!/ 1  •  an-  but  a  fraud  and  a 
ic» r  that  the  Imrioasj  people  wtll 

^  .•-.  m  M     i  ifchU]  :.,,::.-  H   '•'..  MM>    atta  i  ri       n  .  -•-.    I 

•h.-.i!.|  I*  ft!tra«-t«d  t«.  thnr  Stutr*.  n..t  .-nl?  f-.r     k-nii.i»'nk-  |.,irrt».  *  f-  •  n.-.rr    IAM    f*  .  ,r»-..  •... 

banking  porposss.  but  also  far  industrial  dW    tearh  them  this  Um.    And  the  men 

•\n  OosJmMfcMi3  for  a  momont  value  of  thdriMirltlsi 

fall  into  the  error  of  regarding  Stale  banks  as  much  alarmed  on  aom 

more  dasirable  than  national  hanking  instlto*  value  of  the  property  or 

at  part  of  the  Union,  for  capital  ssooritlas  are  natUng.    Take 

would  br  inui-h   morr  hkrly  to  U-  altraftml   to  nti.^.     Half  .-f  >.»ur  rmiln-wf.  «r^  t-.,U»  :r,  ttx- 

iial  than  t.»  a  Statr  hank.  hands  of  rrreivvrm.     I  do  not  like  to  allude  to 

:«  thought  that  State-hank  thu  railmad  question  fast  now.  and  will  not  do 

note*  will  stay  at  home  and  not  t.-n.l.  at  certain  so  for  the  purpose  of  giving  offanse  to  any  mesa- 

sissoni  whan  payvents  are  t<»  be  made  for  sup-  bers  of  this  House. 

and  when  I  her*  is  liltlr  .|,-man,l  for  home         "  Y..,.  ,u.,|,  n.-k  n^-m!,  ||  v»,.   Ml 


loan*.  t«>  move  to  commercial  centers,  then  I  call  monopolies  from  the  effects  of  the  single  Mid 

>on  to  the  fact  that  there  can  bs  no  differ-  standard  by  i-m 

ance  In  this  rospsct  iwtwrcn  a  good  currency  trasta,    Why  was  that  donof    Sis»ply  bscaas* 

uankA.or  by  national  k,  >e  •orinkage  of  the  value  of  their  iirakagi  aad 

even  bv  the  nation  it*.-lf.  f..r  thi*  unwnlt.-n  la**  thnr  ->  «»nti—  «««  U 

of  trade  arssnprama.    Tbeonly  way  that  I  know  t ions,  ami 

of   to  k~p  rurn-n.->  at    II.MII.-  «h.-n    th,-r.-   k   no  Unk::.^.  MJ         ' 

requirwl  to  make  pavmenu  at  the  commercial 
MBtan  Ii  to  M*    ii  »i  \-    r  tf  v  r.  •-.;»     .- 

t  U  the  toeam|iethe^ashthattooeaminffinlhe 

kmodeas.that«Uyatnoma.  by  being  made  the  preferred  pHe  of  IV 

-  K  any  provlaioM  in  the  law*  refrolating  -  Mr.  fhainnan.  in  the  nasjw  of  an 


paope>of MOB    Dsjnorrmtir  . 

JMhr   Ifcrnv- 

I  ATV  tO   bw>   OmMtift   OOtAitW         I llM   IMMmVJnW  lO  tlMal    ' 
i  oa4  v  »v  ft^sj  MMMMV  IMBsjMwaMW       a^aiMi  Mw^s^s^^ajsaj  aev  **«••* 

oliroit&  ,-Tval    SMSM  of 

have  heard  some  of  oar  Sonthom  Mswds    thai  there  wtll  be  a 


ray  that  they  wanted  a  home  currency— a  car-  party  to  rallv  around  the  groat  priMipioi  of 

rencv  in  whic^  their  own  people  wvre  intereM^  PailB*  and 

ran  not  nndorstand  why  a  <ksaa  uhlssai  of  reorganu»  the  party  oo  the  principles  o*~ 

arv  any  more  interested  in  their  people  than,  days  aad  landsaarks  on  which  the  party 


L7I 


(Tat  fiwutscv— THB  li 


this  country 
grrml  and  happy." 

•1  :.,*ihv  wuh  all  <>f  those SOheaes 

of  monopoly,  national  lank*,  ami  tru-t  n. 
ties.  They  do  not  belong  to  our  syMem  -f  p.v. 
•mmrni.  I  h»»r  no  Mtti|«thy  with  the  legisla- 
tion which  hat  bcrn  inaugural"!  in  th.-ir  In-half 
-  nulrued  pooling,  trusla,  and  monopolies  of  all 
kind*  It  btm  that  the  ilooM  bM  conformed 
in  a  grrat  many  wars  to  the  demands  of  the 
people.  It  nan  |«M»1  a  groat  many  very  ii»(K>r- 
UBThUbonthelinesofDemocracv;  and.  so  far 
as  we  are  ooooscned,  we  hare  conformed  in  t  hi- 
tanff  as  nearly  as  we  could  to  our  promise*  and 
pled**  We  ns^UMMfeiiionce  bill  and  re- 
pealed the  Federal  election  law,  and  enacted  a 
gmu  many  measures  of  in. IN, nance  to  the  ptopla 
of  this  country ;  and  yet  on  this  money  qu 
we  hare  not  conformed  to  <>nr  prinoipsM  or  to 
our  pledges.  And  we,  Mr.  Chairman,  who  be- 
liere  in  the  principles— the  great  princij 
Uemocracy— will  insist  t  ha  now  nor  in 

the  futurr  shall  there  be  any  compromise  on  this 


subject  that  does  not  look  to  the  restoration  <,f 
the  money  of  the  Constitution  and  bringing  the 
Democratic  party  back  on  the  lines  of  Demo- 
cratic principles, 

"as  made  to  rush  the  measure 
through  the  House  of  Representatives;  and 
Jan,  7,  18B5,  a  Democratic  caucus  was  held,  at 
which  it  was  decided  by  a  rote  of  81  to  59  to 
call  upon  the  House  Committee  on  Rules  to 
report  a  resolution,  providing  for  the  considera- 
tion of  the  Springer  substitute  for  the  Carlisle 
bell,  in  general  debate,  for  one  day,  then  for  its 
discussion  under  the  five-minute  rule,  and 
finally  for  a  rote  on  its  passage  before  the 
dose  of  the  week.  On  Wednesday,  .Ian.  '.».  the 
following  resolution  fur  immediate  consideration 
was  reported  from  the  Committee  on  Rules  by 
Mr.  Out  hwaite,  of  Ohio,  who  called  for  the  pre- 
rious question  on  it: 


r.  That,  immediately  upon  the  adoption  ot 


•hall  rssotrt  StHclf  it/ 


OnsMsittse  of  the  Whole  for  the  further  oonai.l 
of  B.  R.  M4»;  that  general  debate  thereon  1 
cloMvl.     That  II.  K.  No.  8410  (which  i»  Hulwtantially 
the  sebsritBte  bill  submitted  by  the  chairman  of  th'e 
Onmarfttse  on  Banking  and  < 

of  December  last)  be  substituted  for  said  bill,  and 
i  by  Mid  Committee  of  the  Whole  ss  an 


oricinal  bill,  under  the  fire-minute  rule,  thin  and 
eseh  ssoessdin/r  day  an>r  the  raomitur  hour  (unless 
sooasr  disBoaed  of)  until  4.r*>  r.  M.  < 
iastsat.  when  thsasme  shall  be  reported  to  the  House, 
with  pending  am«ndm«ota,  sod  the  previous  ques- 
tion sWl  then  be  considered  ss  ordered  on  asid 
iatota  and  oo  the  bill  to  iu  pssMge.  On  Sat- 
.  the  Ifth  instant,  immodiatelVaAer  the  fint 
lag  hoar,  without  intervening  motions,  the  vote 
taken  on  Mid  bill  and  amendments  until 
bat  been  rally  disposed  of. 

that  a  refusal  to  sustain 
previous  question  would  kill 
it  failed  by  the  following 


Abbott,  A 


ldersoa,  Ali-w. 
'  Beckaer,  R 
Bostner,  Bower 


Allen,  Bank- 

•  ••   . 
N-.rth 


a*,  in* 

CampbsU.  Cannon  of  California.  r.ruth.  r-at^in^ 

•tkeofAUbami,  .harna, 

Coombs,  Cornish,  Covert,  Cox,  Crawford,  Culberaon, 


Davcy.  Dsnaon.    .  -  r\.    Dm 

Engliiui  of  «  I  irKli  i.  l-'itli 

ian,  Ueary,  U«UMH'nliaiin  i.  (><-<>,lnu 

..;..  n..:i  ..i'  liinnesota,  Hal!  of 
Missouri.  llaiiiin»n<l.  II 

'  ar-'iina.    Ilinrv.    llin<>.   lloliiiuti.  Hut 
Ixlar,    Kilk"  '  .ii'liam.   I.;.  r.  I-iv- 

ingvton,  IxK-ku  •<--!.  l.\n.-li.  Mml.l..x.  Mallnrv.  Martin 

:.     '  MoCu 

Deal-in  '     Mi  ilin.    M. 

Monttfoniun-,  Mow*,  * 
Outhwslte,  Psge, 

•  Virjriniji. 

Ivii-hunU  of  nliio.  Kii-lianlh.  : 
Kobbinn,  Ku.-k,  KUHM-!!  <>t  « 
Si-hern 

Stevens,  8ton<  ..t'  Kentucky, 
bolt  of  Marvlan..  -r  <>f  In-! 

Tiu-krr.  Tuna-rol  '  .  1«  T,  \\  an  • 

'A     .'     r  M       •     '^ 

Viririniu.  \\ 
NAYS  —  Atl..  •  nsylvunia,   Al«lri<-li,  Anu'lil, 

l'.aili-\.  Uuk.T..!  ill.  in]. 

:::irth..'l<lt.  Bell  of  Colorado,  B«ltshoover,  Hlan.l, 
k,Bromwell,Br> 

>\:in,  Humlv.  Caiiin'M  «'t'  [ilinois,  Cspehsrt 
Chiokering.  Clark  of  Miwiuri.  r.,,-kr«-n.  Co» 


.  .      ,-. 

Wyoming,  Coffin  of  M  n  r  y  1  a  1  1  •  . 
Cooper  of  Wisconsin.  <  ^usins,  <  in  : 
Us  of  N.-w    V-.rk.    Dal/.dl,   Dani.  ; 
mond,     Din^rlfy,    Dollivrr,    I><*>litt]r.    I1 
munds,  Ellis  of  Kentucky,  Ellis  oi  .nin.r, 

Gillet  •  '  .,  (iill.-tt  of  Ma—arliUM-M-,  (.rillin 

:i,  Grout,  Grow,  Hagcr,   II 

braaka,    llaim-.-.    Harincr,    Harri>.     llartipiin.    llat.-li. 
llauirfii,    MnnliTson    «.f    I..\\a.    lltj,l,uni.    IN-riiianii. 

llitt.  II.»ik»-r  ..f  IliMissippt,  Hopkins  of  I1U- 

•i-kin>  <.j-  I',  MUM  Ivunia.   Huntt-r.  Ikirt,  .lolin- 
»on   of  North    Dakota,  Jonet*,   Krin.   K 
l.atiincr,  I.ittlr.  I.ou<l.  Loudcnglag«  r. 
MH'ull,  McDowell.    M.-Kttri.-k.    M.-I.uurin.    M 


Powers,  Quiffg.  Run. la, 

ardi*on  of  Michigan,  Kobertaonof  Louisiana,  • 

h«Pll     Of       i 

ton,  Shell,  Sibloy,  SiinpHon,  Smith,  SnodgraeH.  <     \s 

Stone,  W.  A.  Stone,  Storer,  Strait.  Stn.i 

South  Carolina,  Terrj.Thomss,  I  He^rufl,  Van  Voor- 


\  '<rk.  Van  \'o<,rlii?«  oi   •  \\«.rth. 

,l8onof 


\Voomer,  WrighT-180. 
Nor  VOTING  —  Adams  of  Ki-nturk 
Babcock,  Baldwin,  I'.artl.  tt.  Belden,  Hin^lian 
f>f   Illinois,  Blair,    Boutellc,    Iiraii«-h.    lirr<-kinrid^., 
Brown,  Bnnn,  Burnes,  Burrows,  livmnn.  <  an-inc  tti, 
<'hil«l.H,  ColiK  of  Mifx'uri.  Cockrsn,  Cogswell,  Cooper 

:..  De  Forest. 

,nii.  Dunpliv.  Kn^li>«h  of  N«-w  .1. 
.  Fli-t.-ln-r.  Formao,  Funk,  l 
•niiaii.    (Jrahan. 

licanl.  Heiner  of  Pennsylvania,  Il<  n-l<  -r-onof  Illinom, 
H<-ixlrix,  Hooker'  -k.   Honk.  Hii'l.-oti.  Hu- 

li«-k.   Hull.    .I«.hn-'H    ,.f   hi.liaiiii.   .Io|ni>.,n  ,,t    Ohio. 
Kribbi*.  Lain-.   l.aUon.  I.cliv.-r.   Liiiton.   I.IK, 

Mar»h.   Man*  hall,   Marvin   of 
Aleer,  M 

ban,  McNajrny.   M«  r.-.-r.   Milliko. 
Mut4-lili-r.    Newlandit.   O'Neill   ,,f    Mis^-uri,    i 
Price,    Rayner.    Heilly.    Scttl*-.    SInTn.; 


D.  Stockdai 
Tawney,  Tavlor  of  Tennemce.  Turn,  r 
TiiTin",  Wever,  Wheeler  of  Illinois,  Wilson  of 
ington—  97. 

I  M*  Bond  Question.—  At  the  beginning  of  the 
year  there  were  heavy  drafts  made  on  the  Treas- 
ury for  gold  ;  and  the  gold  reserve,  which  had 
been  advanced  to  $108,888,432  by  the  sale  of 


COXOMBa    (TM  Bom  Qrvro.) 


flialMiilaWOUMrlaglpmini  mm  int  tnrmnrj    aMttaiafa>«*44ia«i«atotaM4  vMMaft  aBMala*  • 
BUMBI*  DfVP*M**t  *'»   '»*•  «'»'»u«l  numaajir  of  fht     I  •  " 

.J.I   iMt^*«i  nf  in  «*>An  in  r»nlMflk^ift    MT  •aflat  laMa  iadaM  laoai  to  aaaMl  ft  "at  aaaMu    W« 

BIBVaW  MB  K*^^**  M^w^^^«    ^**    ***  iw^iw§  mr  •! 

j^^      1 1  _^^    ••wl  I^^^MB  fay  (MikfMllA^H^  laa    aat 

*  *  • 

|.-tf»:  tr,,.l.-r  I  Ml    -f  •:•     '•  PVVBaH    - 


,^— J  .*.     |V_  .  *«»^^«M|       AA       i.^  ^     ^^      f  ^V  B  ^A^i 

v    •rr^NOT*    •*    ^^K   •*    |^i  ••» 

Jma»<Mil  •  ptoi  rf  tarr^MJ  JM>larina  Talih  •  ftirt     Mftia^  fcr  fwoat  or  •dMrviM,  MB  m  •*«•«»• 

matiM  UM  oMfMioa.    Man  IBM  tMMMitoal 

^•HHP   •••IB^W  ^"»  1»«1^^^  mf^^^^^^^^  i^^^^^^v  ^MB^^^"B«^^§        v^v^^^^^^H    «^^    ^P^^  "^: 

•    —  * —     kM    IM^     ^^^    AIMMMV^^    ••    IkA        lik«^  ^#rf^  llA«  •  alM^i  V   BMM   fM^^^^fll  M  MlBL  MM 
^•P^^W*       •  WW    |»*«ii    n^v    w^^    I^^^M    »|^^»*         i    •»/    •  ^^*/    ** 


M>     fc»_ji««.          Tk^^^M^     MA     MM      If*      AMV   «I^MM  ti«^ 

••  war*     •  awpwt  ow  vw  !•  ••/  VMKTW  mi. 

fc-l  _  ^^k^l -•       —      -^ ,  *M »W«^ 

•aM  PW  UM  avnac  aaa  •xaeauaa  01  oar  iaw«  awia  UMB 

•Ml  to  *•  TpSUlo  daty  te  iMMMrtlj  aad  oat«ria«T 


Mora  UUM  •ITMaMtt  !•  foU  Uw  U 
«f«  •  p«MoUc  doty  la    MNMrtv  an       oot  of  th«  TnwT  Uaho*  UM  jrwr  Ibr  Ik* 

—  f.*  ^  —  _  tt  ____    •^.J-.      **  --  ^.»  __  \*     ^fc:  _  -      ^-.    _  ^  __  __  ^  ___  at  __    -^    fc^   __ 

MMPMlr  ••MUVMr  U>  PHWVV  VM  MlvKIOQ.     •MM*      Of  MllpQMQ»  MPMfl  *C  •flOTHI     •  0flVHL 
*  •       -  **  ^*  9W9     wHUmv 


II  »   VMM%t«lA     ftffi     A»«W   ^AtMtfft  «*  AffM         «^» !*•• 

*  MMl  Mff^ljT  lh«w*   vKo  ftUfTvf  will  ttol  ft^»       tltor. 


.        .,    :  -  • 

dM.-rr.omo  »*.t.lot,, 

•  •^•aaiMMal 


.-     ..,..;, 

,  -        ; 


UWM  «T  «ar  waalt  ««•  wafc  «HlMMMat »  •  aMaa» 


urn  that  food*  of  tato  iiiuiltUii 

TOU    XXXT.— W   A 


.  HESS.    (Tm  BOND  QUESTION.) 


tMHuiilVrtlt  have  attracted  their  attention  to  the  gold 
of  the  Uovarament.  There  need  be  no  fear  that  we 
can  not  payoor  current  expcneea  with  such  money  aa 
wrhare.  Thvrv  b  now  in  the  Treasury  a  comfort  - 
able  anrploa  of  more  than  *a,ooo/w,  but  it  i*  not  in 

..-       .-     ;.'!      ,,-s 

I  can  not  aw  that  differences  of  opinion  concerning 
,  to  whkh  ail veromghtto^e  coined  or  used 
uM  interfere  with  the  oounacb  of 
t.,  rectify  evjb  now  apparent 
in  oar  tnancbi  situation.    They  have  to  consider 
ihr  question  of  national  credit,  mid  the  consequences 
.low  from  to  collapse.    Whatever  ideas 
may  be  inabled  upon  auto  silver  or  bimetallism,  a 
"'  n  of  the  question  now  pressing  up^n  UH 
a  recognition  of  gold  aa  well  u»  silver, 
jo  of  to  importance,   rightful 
.ired,  aa  a  baab  of  national  credit,  a 


ssrr 


neoasaity  in  the  honorable  discharge  of  our  obliga- 
tions payable  in  gold,  and  a  badge  of  aolvency.  I 
do  nofwidefttinJ  that  the  rear  friends  of  silver 
deaire  a  condition  that  might  follow  inaction  or  neg- 
lect to  appreciate  the  meaning  of  the  present  exi- 

;  r.-Mjli  in  the  entire  banislu i 
gold  from  oar  financial  and  currency  arrangements. 

Besides  the  Treasury  note*,  which  certain! 
br  paid  in  gold,  amounting  to  nearly  I 
there  will  fall  doe  in  1904  f  100.000,000  of  1 
during  the  bat  year,  for  which  we  have  received 
gold,  and  in  1907  no 


nearly  600,000,000  of  4-per-cenl 
Donda  baaed  in  1877.  Shall  the  payment  of  these 
obligation  in  gold  be  repudiated  t  Tf  they  are  to  be 
paid  in  each  a  manner  aa  the  preservation  of  our  na- 
tional honor  and  national  aolvency  demands,  «i- 
should  not  destroy  or  even  imperil  our  ability  to  sup- 
ply ourselves  with  gold  for  that  purpose. 

While  I  am  not  unfriendly  to  silver,  and  while  I 
deaire  to  aee  it  recognized  to  such  an  extent  as  i*  con- 
•btant  with  financial  safety  and  the  preservation  of 
national  honor  and  credit,  1  am  not  willing  to  see 
gold   entirely    banbhed    from    our    currency   and 
•nanrea    To  avert  such  a  consequence   I  Believe 
and  radical  remedial  legislation  should  be 
pasaed.     I  therefore  beg  the  Congress  to 

;    ,        '  -    .        •      '  '.,     !    ..'        ,•••••        '. 

In  my  opinion  the  Hi-.  .i-ury  should 

beauthorued  to  bane  bonds  of  tin-  <."\, •nirm-nt  i--r 
the  purpose  of  procuring  and  maintaining  a  sunVient 
gold  reaurve  and  the  redemption  and  cancellation  <>t 
the  United  Statea  legal-tender  note*  an<  1  tin  -Treasury 
noteataaoed  for  the  purchaae  of  diver  un.l.r  the  law 
of  July  14, 1890.  We  ahould  be  relieved  from  the 
humiliating  proceaa  of  issuing  bonds  to  procure  gold 
to  be  immediately  and  n  j*-ut«-dly  drawn  out  <•• 
obligations  for  purpoaea  not  related  to  the  benefit  of 
oar  Government  or  oar  people.  The  pri 


-..  •     •. 

; 


of  these  bonds  ahould  be 


principal  and 


payable  on  their 

In  gold,  because  they  should  DO  sold  only  tor 
•    •    •  •'-.••.-...  ad  i  baeanai   than  would 
.    -.  ••    ..-.    .  -v  ia  favorabh  dJaporiag  o< 
••-,-•  iat  paktSon.   'i  ,-.;.-.  • 

.-.,-•:•   .-:   „-..:? 

and  their  multiples  and  that  they  bear  interest  at  a 
rate  not  f«oeeding  S  par  cant,  per  annum.  I  do  not 
aee  why  they  ahould  not  be  payab 

•  ;  •  -.-:  ;.-,'..-  ..n  have  largi 
amount*  to  pay  if  we  meet  oar  obligations,  and  l-n.' 
boods  are  most  aalable.  The  Secretary  of  the  Treaa- 
•7  might  wrll  be  nennitted.  at  his  dbcretion,  to  re- 
ceive on  the  aale  of  bond*  the  legal-tender  and  Treas- 
ury notea  to  be  retired,  and  of  course  when  they  are 
thai  retired  or  redeemed  in  gold  they  ahould  be  can- 


Tbeae  bonda  under  existing  lawn  could  be  deposited 
by  national  bank,  a* 
..,.-h  banlu  should  be  allowed  to  bane  circuh. 

face  value  of  these  or  any  other  bonda  so  de- 

.   •     r 

rent.  inU-rr»t,  and  which  sell  in  the  market  at  leaf 
than  par.  National  banks  *  hould  not  be  allowed  to 
take  out  circulating  notea  of  a  leas  denomination  than 


$10, and  when  such  a*  an  n..\v  ..utMandinj:  reai-h  tlu> 

•i-  redemptioa  jm.l  n-tin mcm.  th«-\ 

-h..ui,i  teeof  thedenominauonof 

|^l«i  ami  iip\\aril  i^ued  in  th<  .-, nili 

cateeof  the  denomination  ot'llo  an. I  uj.\\;ii.i 

..nation-*  in. 
..lit   mean-*  tor  the  imiint<-i>inif,-  of 

aonable aupply  <>f  iroM  in  tin 

ini|Mirt>  hhoulil   he  paid  in  tfold.  allowing  all  other 

dues  U>  the  (Government  to  !»•  |,;,i,|  in  anv  -;!.. 

o|   in,   : 

I  believe  all  the  provision*  1  have  sugffeated  should 

be  embodied  in  our  las\>  it  \\eare  to  enjov  a<-omj»h-te 
.>   r-ouii.l   tinaiK-ial  OOOdftion, 

.rinifv  >(•! 

inir  for  the  in.-iva>e  ..t'thf  ein-ulatin^  im  dinm  urOUgh 
the  agency  of  national  or  Stat«-  l.ank.-  that  in;... 

inenditaMf  to  the Congream,  oanaaaU)  i-e 

i  to  Midi  a  :-«-i, dii.-.    Objection naa  been  madi 

to  tin  :   hearing  oliliiration^  tor  the 

purpose  of  rt- tiring  the  nonintanai-bearing  h 

•  ler  notes.      In  point  of  tad.  however,  tin 
burdened    us  with    a   lar^e    load    ot    int«Te>t.  and    it    i> 
still    aeeumiilatini.'-      The  a/cn-^ate   int«-r«-M   <>n    t 
original    issue    of   bonds,  the   proceeds  of  which 
^old  eoiistituted  the  n -«  r\<-  tor  the  payment  ot' tin 
notes,  amounted  •      |  .Ian.  1.  188 

the  annual    charirc   for  inli-rest   on  i-  and 

those  'IK* ued  for  the  same  purpose  during  the  liu»t  year 
Mill  IK-  $«.».! 4-VM MI.  <latin-  tn.m  .Ian.  1.  1H86. 

While  the  catK-i-llatioii  <.f  these    notes  would    not 
relieve  us  from  the  obligations  already  incur 
their  account,  these  figures  are  given  by  wav 
that    their  i,a>   not    |,t'.-n   fr. 

;unl  that  the  longer  they  are  out- 

standingf  judging  from  the  »-.\peri«  D 

the  inon-  expensive  they   will    l.c<  , 

In  OOnoloakML   I   desire  to  frankly   confer  my 

•  to  is^uini:  more    bonds   in   piv-ent    <-in'um- 
stam-es  uiiil  with   no  better  roult.-   than  have  lately 
follriwed    that   cour-e.      I    can    not.  ho\\. 
from  adding  t"  an  a»uran<-e  .if  my  anxi<  ' 
ate    with    the    )>!•  n    anv   reasonable 

measureofrelief.au  expn-ssioii  of  my  determination 
to  leave  nothinir  umlone  whi<-h  furnbhi 
improving  the  situation  <»r  checking  a  suspicion  of 
our   disinclination   or   disability    to    meet    with     the 
strictest  honor  every  national  obligi 

•    ;.K\U.AM.. 

Ex  i  N  \8ioN,  Jan.  28,  1895. 

On  the  same  day  Mr.  Springer,  of  Illiin.i-.  in- 
troduced the  following  I  »ill  designed  to  carry  out 
the  President's  recommendations. 
A  bill  to  authorize  th< 

•i.aintain  a  sutJ'u-ient  (.'old    rese 
•nd  to  redeem  ami  retire  United  States  notes, 
tor  other  purj»osea. 

-    ,-//.  m,. i  Il,,>i*,  i,f  /t 
•  tcd  ittaU*  ' 

a**ftnbl«l.  That  in  order  to  enable  the  Seen  ' 
the  Treasury  to  procure  and   maintain   a  sull 
gold  reserve  and  to  redeem  and  retire   I  uit.-.i  >::tt<  s 
ii'.to  and   Treasury  not«-s  is.- ued   under 
.'idy  14, 1890,  entitled  u  An  .\<-t  din  -.-tin-.' 
the  piin-huse  of  silver  bullion  uml  the  j~- 
»iry  ii..-  '    rolher  j.urpo-i-."  h«    . 

by  authorized  to  issue  and  sell,  at  not  , 
i.  except  aa  provided  in  se<>rion 

-.  in  denomi- 

1  ^.V',  and   multi;  ,    .-inns. 

respectively,  payable    fifty    vears    after  date   in   jrold 
the  United  States  of  the  present  weight  and 
fineness,  and  bearing  interest  at  a  rate  n 

•  nt.  JKT  annum,  payable  quarterly  in  lil 

nnd  Hiieh  iKind-.  ainl   the   intcrent  thereon   shall   have 
like  Qualities  .and  exemption-,  a- the  bonds 

issued   under   the   a«-t    apj»roved  July   14.   1*7".   en- 

•  An  Act  to  authorize  the  refunding   of  the 
national  debt,"     Such  bonds   may   be   sold  and  de- 
livered in  the  United  States,  or  elsewhere,  as  may  be 


URKHL    (Tm  Bo»o  gt-wnoj..) 
ito  iomfMO)  of  Ito    MMMMMM  i»  o*y  oMttoj  of  i to  tail.  MM!  i  •«  cotooV 

^  i    i  ^-  —    IB 

-       '  '  ' 

i^Mttttl  *   kifel  l^«  M«v       MlA^M*  ^to^^te  I  AflflVA   laltt •!«•  OM   •  tfcir  t   ^*li    M 

ly  •oUlufiom.  io  Jib    p*mom4  OB  my  mMft*MlbiJto»  no  MM  otoJI  to 
••SfeoforoMm    Ctoo  ttom:  <toJ  «-.  Tk«».u?.  ito  Till  IMMM. 

f—u.  ito  UOM* 
tafotvito 

[  i       _^^  ••fei  KMMI  *M^Am        MMoVA^UMMfM^MBM  Cvf  MMAI!     nAti    MMOlMW  AMM^  M\VM^RMMMMMMM>  flvMM^ 

S* 

L'tagw.  5*5J5S5S:£a'3?3 

,.b.tt.MMh.M*.  •£ 


•oa.4. Ttot  MMoHo?  o»  mmym  BOB*  oo)M«r>    OMMMO.VMIM  olMlla 

.•••.>•  •  •  .  •     • .       •          - 

•«0  .^M^I^^^OMMlMllOMltM  _         .. 

•toll 


•wrfTMdLMMl  llMffWffV  A 
rMCofftl  HTO^IM.  of 

out  ihr  |ilt«  far  «!•••*;  •»  follovv: 


•AT  OJMOM  of  minds  MK!  v«4cv»  to  llwi  otojojtojf 

TW  ftvoMdi wkr  tto  Ui  <ky  of  J.IT,    ito*  will  brfay  iooaof  to  tto  miMtiJ  Moi  ^t» 
MMO  «*  iMMttkttoU  to  Mjld  Io  f°W  ONO    •§  oolioool  ojonoM  will  to  MI  oooofoboi  MM 

i  ^M  BMM    oMOw  ^M!  ^MBMHfaL  fldbof  MMI      r**rL^tfi     IliA^^M. 


UT,  of  ct*»lvt»r*ff»Y  and  tto  prftl  of  ZIM  dto> 

P  VWlM^  MM «VV  WVMOTvVMP|  ^M^^^^M-^Akft         ff       Mh^OMO      MMMBMMBO)       ioft       OOkOT       MIMMMkMMW    OMMkOt     •«& 

•WOTiwm^  •   RM\«W  ••ujjni   in   n 

pom  of  b*»  TinirlniTi-    ""  ito  bUI  ••  flw  M  poorfbit  ftovj  OMHM  of 
S^tStetTiS    dirWoo  .moo*  o^  for  I  CrTtol 
»n  »uli^Uoi  io    promote  tto  DMOMJ*  of  o  • 


.  •    •       ...•     • 


SKfeoct,  •horp.'MMl  dfcmi 

to  tto  purpoof  to  vi»«.  « it  • 
which  h«l  boM  rafcmd    «nh»u(  t  h,-  i«ioPHr»  of 


4i  lUiikitiK*  Aixl  '  •»•*    "•»'y  mM.llinif  with  oltor 

f.    ofWuUlion.% 
•}„-  munttoi     •  IV  -v     iMi  H.  •  fip    •• 


n«rr  o,,  Pnrident  nrblM  prorWom  wkkb  moliiplf  tto  poiou  of 

1^  rvf.rr-l    ...   Ui   •MMLttjd   r!..-   MQOmlt;  •     •"        •-•    .  '  -• 

M  rarlr  «i|.  moot  uw  matUm  io  wfcirkoMomi  •oolto*  M« 

Juttmi  »jrm».  h«w  cno^rim^l  •  ^nrk»  to  »om»  ipiokl  toUtioL 

•Mwr  in  roportiof  UM  bill       -  Thriv  i.  h.1v  ..f  •CT^OMM  ooJy  io  m*yioo> 

^propo^lamrrKlmrnUlotbrlloa^for  in«  ih-  -T  to«  I  to*. 

,i,|rnili..i..r.,h....-,nU-r^TMn4rl..».,m-  "      •        «  '"•'        ;'-        • 

^111         ».        •—•.-rml-    «»-•«    tftMMnM  I  k«  HtfWVKMMBlb^  <^  ^KT  O>AOO^OM  OHl 
_ 

rh  tto  rvport  of  tto.  andoru 

•d    -',       •  tfctff    ;•  I    !    •  pj|  '      '     , 


in  r 


i  ito  following  r«K  m*k.    flndmc  iriMory  on* 

• 


MOOMMIOI  B.  •>  OlVft;  IMH  fv«-  t 

•jjti111"?-!** ***> <ty<gff*p*>  ^ff!^>y,y"^*?*>  ^y^<*n»<jB»  lzJ5EZI2^r 

•W^9w«aSuEra£i«OoMw£  ^^^m^^^^imiS^^^m^^^ 

bm»  «toB  to ^»d[Lj  Ito  ««o»»  yrB^i!!iir>>irSTl?^^ 

•OMml  MiboW  it    loMd.  !•  aoVf  mi  •»  f^  ^ojf  flf  tto  tffTio^  wffiin-ot  Mf.  JJJOCTJW^P 


ISO 


HESS.     (THI  BOXD  QUETTION.) 


•nerienea  durinir  the  war.  when  he  ke«M 
kindness  of  those  who  can-d  nn.l 
•xtndnci,  when  be  bent  and  swayed  UMtr 

v   responsibiliti.  <ar.  he  illus- 

trated ihr  situation  in  tin*  -inking  manner. 
llr  sn.d  :  '  If  nil  y.-ur  pn»|*Tty  ma*  in  gold.  and 
jrou  had  put  it  in  thr  hand*  <>f  |tl<>n<ltti  1<>  <  arry 
arrant  Niagara  on  n  rope.  would  you  slwk.  the 
I-  «h..utini:  Hi  him.  "  Stand  straight- 
tr!  Walk  faster!  \V  r!  Lean  north  or 

von  would  hold  your  breath  and 

an  well.' 


eadraintoraJ  ion  Utnring  to  keep  the  gold 
in  the  Treasury  to  save  the  honor  of  tin-  1  nit.-d 
State*.  A»d  it  i*  unpaUioiio  to  catch  at  unc..n- 
eidered  trifle*  to  impede  |ht  consummation  of 
the  undertaking.  Or  partisan  iKililirs 

that  hinder*  tut  Perish  the  thought  !  The  n  -p- 
rasenUtives  of  the  people  must  be  patriots  be- 
fore they  are  partisans.  Will  any  mem  I  NT  dis- 
pute the  proposition  that  in  the  situation  which 
•  ..  ration,  with  a  BfffttJl  looming. 

bnire  and  hideous,  in  th.-  twilight    future,  we 
ought  to  tee  nothing  but  the  best  interests  of 
th.-  ,  ,.untr>  t 
"The  member  »f  this  House  who  in  the  su- 


premeexigency  suffers  his  vision  to  be  obscured. 
hi*  judgment  to  be  warped,  and  his  conclusions 
to  be  vitiated  by  prejudice,  passion,  or  partisan- 
ship discredits  himself  in  the  eyes  of  his  country 
and  will  be  held  to  strict  accountability  by  his 
ents.  There  is  but  one  word  that  can 
the  inspiring  and  controlling  influence 
of 'this  hour,  and  that  word  is  *  patriotism." 
There  is  hot  one  word  that  can  denote  the  ac- 
tion which  that  overruling  inspiration  com- 
mands, and  that  word  i-  "  duty."  He  who  is  in- 
sensible to  the  one  or  disobedient  to  the  other 
is  not  a  safe  custodian  of  his  country's  interests, 
and  was  misdirected  when  he  was  sent  to  this 

body, 

indulge  the  hope  that  no  member  of  this 
House  entertains  views  of  public  duty  which 
constrain  him  in  determining  hi-  action  upon 
this  measure  to  ask  who  initial. -d  it.  but  only  is 
it  wise  legislation f  not  which  -id.-  of  this  cham- 
ber is  advocating  or  opposing  it.  but  only  is  it 
calculated  to  meet  the  need  of  the  hour  and 
mitigate  the  afflictions  we  are  suffering  by  re- 
storing the  confidence  of  our  people  in  the  money 
of  the  count ryt 

44 1  am  profoundly  moved  by  the  conviction 
that  this  i*  the  time  and  this  the  occasion  (if  I 
mar  be  pardoned  for  using  an  illustration  a  sec- 
ond time  in  this  presence)  for  us  to  emulat.  the 
§senti  mssed  by  I'hilin  of 

n  the  Crusades,  when  he  said  to  Blob- 
Mi  of  England  v  strife  b. 
the  lions  of  Kngland  and  the  lilies  of  France 
b*- which  shall  carry  them  fart h«  ranks 
of  the  infidels.'  So  I  pray  you.  let  the  only  strife 
between  the  parties  represented  in  tl. 
to  day.  in  the  presence  of  this  impending 
be  which  shall  carry  the  banner  of  honorable, 
patriotic,  and  effective  relief  farthest  into  the 
ranks  of  the  opposition," 

Mr  Maine,  made  this  argument  in 

introducing  a  submit r.tc  f,,r  th-  Springer  bill : 

"In  order  to  ascertain  what  remedy  we  ought 
to  apply  to  the  present  condition  of  'things  our 
first  duty  is  to  ascertain  what  is  the  condition  of 


things.    The  United  States  OoTernmenl 

sued  at  different  times  $346,000,000 

D    as  legal-tender   notes,  and    > 
more  which  arc  known  as  Treasury    n 

1890,  mnking  in  all  $496,000.000  of  pap-  r  ,.l  ii-rii- 
•  •    •  •  nun. 'iit  which  tin-  (ioxenmient 
mav  be  called  upon  t»  pa\    under  our  i 
system  of  lin-n 

iintry  like  the  t'nited  States  t! 
sum  not  worth  talking  about  from  any  point  of 
f  the  ability  of  the  (mvernmeiit  to  pay 
and  to  pay  promptly.  Therefore  there  must 
have  IH-.-H  -omethini;  done  which  created  any 
di.-tru-t  that  now  exists. 

"What  wa-d.'tie?     The  first   thint:  thai 
done — the    main   thing   that   was   done     which 
caused  the  present   condition  of  affair-.  \\;i-  the 
passage  of  financial 

Bulled  in  a  deficit  of  1107,000,000  up  totho 
pre-.-nt  date,  and  which  seem  to  indicate  in  their 
operation  a  further  deficiency,  whether  perma- 
nent or  temporary.  This  caused  a  peculiar  con- 
dition of  things  in  the  I'niled  Slates  Trea-ury. 
The  United  Stat.--  Treasury  keeps  practically 
two  account-:  l-'ir-t.  the  accounl  of  tin-  United 
States  as  a  banker,  which  has  issued  its  notes 
and  announced  its  readii  'deem  those 

notes  whenever  the  holders  or  possessors  may 
demand  the  same.  For  a  period  of  sixteen  year's 
the  United  State-  ha-  l.cen  a  hanker,  witliont 
question  as  to  its  ability  to  pay.  Within  the  last 
year  doubts  have  been  thrown  about  that  ability. 
Hut  there  is  another  department  of  the  United 
States  Treasury,  which  is  the  department  of  the 
United  States  as  a  In;  •  li-hrm  nt.  That 

business  establishment  has  been  runninga-t.rn 
$107,000,000  up  to  this  time,  with  more  deficits 
in  prospect. 

"  Unfortunately  for  the  Government  th< 
operations,  those  two  departments  of  tl 
eminent    have  been  mingled    together   in  such 
fashion  that  the  misfortune-  of  the  bu-ii; 
department  have  been  devolved  in  the  popular 
mind  on  the  banking  department.     The  United 
States  has  redeemed,  as  it  has  agreed  to  r 
thus  far  every  note  which  has  beei. 
But  unfortunately  the  exigencies  of  its  |. 
department  have  compelled  it  t..  put   out    £]n?.- 
000.000,  more  or  less,  in  order  to  meet  the  ne- 
s  of  that  business  department. 
\v,  the  business   department,   in-tead    of 
borrowing  money  on  its  own  hook,  has  taken  the 
money  of  the  banking  department  and  r>          ; 
1  the  result  is  what   i-  known  in  popular 
phrase    as    the    "endless   chain."    whereby   the 
United   State-  has  been    made   the  furnisher  of 
gold   to  the   re-t    of   tin-   world,   a  condition   of 
things  never  contemplated    by   our   -\-:em    of 
.  a  condition  (,f  things  which 
6  oeeiirrcd  :  but  it   has  occurred,  and  the 
tit  of  the  I'nited  States   ha-  appealed  not 
ii   party  a-  \  ho  are  in  a 

great 'majority  in  this  /louse,  but   to  the  p-ntle- 
ipon  the  other  side  for  assi-tanee. 

"I    could    have    wished    that    there    had 

i< -rat ion   for  the  views  of  gentlemen 
on  the  other  side,  and  that  we  had  not   been  ap- 
pealed to  to  forget  the  tyranny  of  preconceived 
opinions  when  those  preconceived  opinion- 
-ed  to  be  our  own  merely  and  not  t  h 
conceived  opinions  of  others.    However,  v. 


LSI 


».ftod  whi: 
arhuly  abuui  th« 

i»  at  *H  timttto 


A.Ibftt. 


Thai 

' 


noted.  *»  kod 
oola* 

IB  tkf  TN^MOIY  of 


of 

- 

. 


*    •-  ........         "  -H      "     " 

.  UM  d»OMod  lor  •ht.-h  th**»  U  oo 
r.  ih»  Trvawir?  lo  m~<  JMUJMH     lo 


' 

"  •  • 

AflMl    JMMMftA^Mfl^Mi    AM     •  IhA    W      V    t£     OteAflM^  If    _^^^^»^ 


rra! 

wha 

only  toftoff  dow 
.  »i,  n.4 


•<-•>    . 

if  w.y 


HHJO 

|«f  «jUr  n 

...'•• 

attnl.utr.' 


OTTO*; 


roto  of 


•       •    '       •  ' 


-    ' 


. 

I  it  Ml  Itebfe  to  bebMlor 
•    ^no.    B« 

.     .       "•,    -  .        : 

r  own  of  ihto  MK!  tmnr  M  to 
AMHM  UMI.  vfartmr  bOl 

.....       -.     '     - 

<MO«0   I. 

It  4o«  MOOI  to  OM  ft  prmrti- 
utooMtoJ,  •o^ovor.  to  Oao- 

itlMrt 

Ml      |       tMH    •.;•    :.    .'.      '. 


-oMdyf  Wky. 

" 


after  a     whaft  fci  tfnMXMi  a^tfl 
•iirr  •      wu«i  i.  gr*nc  m  am 

what  It   fotoff   on. 

(lA'l    <>f         tr.      •      ^'.^        the-         lirtt 


..I  -     --»^  — t —       «^_      !«••«  *       «£._       /»          Mil 

ooipw  ootoontT  oa  too  port  of  to*  UovrrooMom 
U>  Sa»  rrrry  cfcJlar  o(  thai.     Nov.  •t»l  ft.  tW 

-       .  ,    •  •     .-" 
koto  VOMI  ••  kot 


ooks  wbon  tbtv  w 

to  th« 


ood  thu  ootvillMUnilinx  th.  f^-t  the 

«uibori»Mi  to  MOMM:  for  it  b  not 

»ut  hontmiioo  nor  ovm  UM  dooMod  of 

t« 


way  of  thai  jool  a*  tfcofo  art 

f  thi«  original  hill 
-  TboM  di«cult.«  in  t 


•a^aMV^aai  !»  in  *    irtiia  «^^ 

• 


•         '    -  •  -.     •  ..  '  •    .    -      ..-- 


.        .•    ! 


•".'     '' 


lory  of  th*  Trr**onr.  with  a  ur«atiMMO  vkooi 
otonoer  I  wiok  lor  tko  mk*  of*  okoofe  wU 


the  rod  of  tkte  yoor  UMfO  «fll  bt  O 


do  oot 


000.    Wo  kovo  oo  kood 
thai   we  havr  paid  out   i 


in  lh*  npTvoiMs  an<l  thai  lv«rr< 
IMk  OOlfhl  to  har*  bovo  tkr  , 

bol 


mnl»-<r**fi  U 

a  nv  t 

-.toot 


f .     -  - , 
»h*t  k     ur 


ipttoo  fond  oaOftd  opoo  m  to  mW*av  thai  k»  »  teat  to  toot  wfck  o  oniiftoa,  mxt  QMMl 

it  oot  o  bad  *nn«inc  in  UM  prmi  tfmi  UM  «OM  omi  thai  ba««. 

OCOOditioQ  of  affairs      ltMOotftl«l  ftTOOOI  poflj  *****  ftod  COOM   to  OO  ftfTMUC^ 

»r  UM  worfctatf  of  the  »frtooi  under  owt*  oo  UM  mb>m.     How  ahaJl  w< 

Mltf«»a    il^^ilaaul  •••         Vr»w     Lrf     »•  ^^  ll    ^iM^ktt  I A  1^*   iK^I   ^rw    alwMil^l     •»•>•<••    «>--    ft— n 
I'l-  <u«    -1  .**•  IVMBHftp           '     "  .  IW  *^  MHK  WW  awOTHB   IWWHiW  UW  OW* 


181 


COXGRKSS.    (TiiK  BOXD  QUESTK 


continue*  to  exi«t.  even  though  it  exists  only 
tempomrily.  to  t»ur 

bearing  such  ralm  of  interest,  not  azoaeding  :i 
percent  *>  »»•  ,1^-m*  •iiitaM-  and  proper.  SO  M 
to  pay  off  this  deficiency  just  aa  fast  as  it  a.- 
cruet,  and  leave  untouched  the  greenback  ra- 
^aourceaof  th, 

i  States  then  aea 
^whohavegreenb^k^  1    „ 
them,  and  if  I  hoy  are  all  returned  it  may  be  A 
guide  to  the  people  to  know  what  to  do  with 
in***  greenbacks.    If  tbaydOMtehooaeaJ 
futurr  timo  to  dcMmy  tln-m  :  if.  when  the  times 
become  a*  '  l«ovn  during  the  pa 

t**n  Tear*,  the  people  prefer  to  use  them,  wo 
owe  debt* enough  to  employ  them,  and  perhaps 
they  may  be  used  to  redeem  these  very  bonds 
which  pnduoi-  the  gold. 

"80,  ahm.  whon  we  come  to  the  surplus  which 
Mr.  ('arli*lo  thinks  is  in  sight.  When  wo  come 
to  that,  if  we  issue  certificates  of  indebtedness 
for  thr  deficit,  (vrtifiratos  running  two  years — 1 
would  not  care  if  the  time  was  even  shorter,  but 
say  two  years—  redeemable  at  the  pleasure  of  the 
Government,  then  the  surplus  can  be  used  to 
wipe  out  that  deficit,  and  we  shall  stand  free 
from  that  iwirt  of  ,.ur  debt. 

-In  addition   to  that,  those  «  I  offer 

an  advantage  to  the  country  over  the  ; 
system,  t'nd.-r  the  present  system  the  deficien- 
cy must  bo  long-time  gold  bon, 1.  an. 1 
when  we  got  ready  to  purchase  those  bonds,  that 
b  just  the  time  that  they  will  get  ready  to  go 
up.  and  we  shall  pay  a  pretty  penny  before  we 

m  back  ;  but  if  we  issue  short-tin 
tificales  of  indebtedness,  temporary  on  t  heir  face, 
we  aupplv  the  plfi'-e  of  these  long  gold  bonds, 
«hich  will  otherwise  have  to  bo  • 

w,  why  is  not  that  the  solution  of  our 
problem  without  rai-v  which 

we  know  can  not  be  solved  f  Whv  is  it  not  a 
practical  solution  of  our  trouble  f  Why  is  it  not 
suitable  in  every  way  f  " 

The  substitute  proposed  by  Reed  was  as  fol- 


A  bill  to  provide  for  a  temporary  deficiency  of  rcv- 

Bt  U  marfW,  «V .  That  to  enable  the  Secretary  of 
UM  Treamy  to  provide  for  and  maintain 
•1  States  notes  aocorditu/  t 
»k>o»of  the  act  approved  Jan.  14.  I-?:.,  t-ntitl. 

;  -mvidr  for  the  rmumption  oi 
IM  ki  aotborind,  in  addition  to  the  i 

aodoTMi'l:  •;'.!).  f» 

i«Mw,MlU  aod  dbpow  of,  at  not  lew  tlum  |...r 

'  •       -:..'!      •    /,    .      -,    .«i,| 

•    •     .         ...-•,!   ..  -..I 
»UU*.  to  an  anK> 


Mhorind.    And  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 

"*rS^«rztt£S£.<" ""  "•"*"- 

i  That  tn  rnable  the  Secretary  to  pay  the  cur- 

•  enoea  ahall  he  deflcicot  he  i»  atithorized  and 
rraoiml  fmtn  tin, 

wlU  and  diapnw  of.  «t   n-t  lam  than  par.  such  an 
atnnunt  of  crrtifiraU*  of  indebtedneM  of  the  «1 

and  floo.  or  any  multiple  thereof, 
a*  may  be  needed  for  that  purpoae,  bearing  not  to  ex- 


eeed  8  percent,  interest  p<  r  nuuutn.  payal'U*  sciuiati- 
nunllv.  nn«l  nxlwmuhlr  at  tin  pleasure  of  the  Govara<- 

.  alter  t\\«   \  rar>   t'r»in   tln-ir  <latr,  \\  itli 

;«-i;«-s.  niul  cxriiijitioiiN  proviaad  in 

\i.l  .Ian.  : 

.  :ui<l  .li-jH'M-  «>t'  tin-   t-aiiK     ' 

an  an  equal  amount  of  lawful  in«'H,  \   of  tin- 
I'liit.-.!  stat. ...  at  .li-Miriiat«-il  depositorieiof  the  I'uitc.1 

.iixl  at  Mi.-h  (XNltofBcCH  a>   lie   mu\  M  l«-.-t.  and 

•«  tary  ^llall  u-.  the  proceeds  thereof  for  the  pur- 
poaepn'vi«l«'-'l  for  in  thi*M  . •ti«-ii.  an<l  for  noiu-  otln-r. 

Mr.  Swnnson.df  Virginia,  nrp-d  the  nrpinM-nts 
of  the  1>.  ui..<-r:r  Qtfl  of  tin-  in.  asure: 

I  us  <  \jiiniin-  the  prop,.viii,,|i-of  ih«-  jM-nd- 
in^  liill.  Let  u-  <li\rvt  tin-in  of  nil  tho  n, 
c.-ptions  with  which  gcntli-iiicii  who  advocate 
them  have  sought  to  mvrlop  them,  so  that  tho 
country  may  H'O  them  in  their  nak« 
the  farming,  producing,  mereaiit  ile  <-la"so>  dear- 
ly understand  what  is  here  proposed  and  its  ef- 
fects. The  first  section  of  the  hill  provides  for 
the  sale  of  $500,000,000.  of  8- per  -cent,  bonds 
le  in  gold  alone.  These  bonds  are  to  run 
for  fifty  years.  They  are  ix.ntaxaMe.  It  means 
an  opportunity  for  that  amount  of  wealth,  pos- 
!•>•  the"  rich,  to  escape  all  city,  county, 
State,  and  Federal  tajurttoo  by  being  inve-ted  \\\ 
these  bonds.  It  means  an  annual  inienst  <  har^e 
upon  the  Treasury  of  $15,000,000  in  p.M.  It 
a  payment  <>f  $?">(  1.000,000  in  p>M 

•  lids  l>y  the   people    l,rf..n-   they 
IM-COIIM-  line.      It  means.  Lcfoj-e  the  l.on.lv 
tired,  a  payment  to  tho  holders  of  $1,250,000.000 
in  p»ld. 

With  the  present  deficiency  in  the  Tn 
this  additional  charge  of  $15.000.000  in  annual 
interest  would  necessitate  incn-a.-ed  tanll 
Soil   means  higher  food,  clothing,  and   n- 
ties  of  life  to  the  peo) ile.     It  means  a  perpetua- 
tion of  tho  national-bank  system  and  no  return 
to  State  hanks  f.  h'nieans  the  complete 

establishment  of  tin-  p> Id  luisis  in  tliis  country, 
tioiis.  for  the  lir-t  t  hue  \v  itli  govern  mental 
approval,  the  making  of  gold  i-ontracts.     It  will 
IK-  followed  by  all  the  contracts  and  obli-at  ions 
of  the  people  bein-:  made  payable  in  ur"l'l.      I'  i" 
-  for  yon  gentlemen  who  advocate  this  hill 
to  deny  that  you  intend  to  make  all   private  ob- 
ligations ultimately  payable  in   yold.     All  your 
jirirumont-  t.-nd  to'  tha't.     The  (Joverninent   has 

power  now  to aell  bonds  payable  in  coin,  uhidi 

either  gold  Or  Silver.      Yon  -ay  that    Ku- 

ropean  capital  will  have  confidence  restored  in  us 

If  we  aell  Donda  payable  in  g«.ld  alone.    It  will. 

you  say,  be   proof  to  them   that    all   money   in- 

.    in   the  I'nited   Mat. -will   be   pa\able  in 

gold.     This  means,  if   it    means  nnythii 

pa\ment  of  all  private  nhligat  i-.ns  ultimately  in 

gold.     With  about  $16,000,000,000 of  private  in- 

and   only  alN.iit  $500,000,( K 10  of  gold 

with   which    to   pay  it,  it    means   to   the   people 

bankruptcy  and  a  frightful  fall   in  the  price  of 

, and",  and   produce  with  which  to  acquire 

id.    Convinced  of  this,  I  can  not  vote  for 
Id  Ix.nd. 

what  tmrf>osos  is  the  money  derive.!  by 
the  sale  of  these  l»..nd-  to  be  devoted  '. 
would  imagine  that  money  obtained  by  Mich  ex- 
traordinary methods  and  "marking  so  great  and 
far-reaching  a  departure  would  be  needed  for 
t  he  pu  rp-  -es  of  national  defense  or  to  avert  some 
frightful  disa-s 


N'OREaa    (Tns  Ro9t»  (Jt-amos.) 
The 


u  bill  provide  that  you  now  to  deny  if  th*ss  HataaeaU  sod  fan. 

•;••••-•••  •        .......  .. 

•halt  bs  Ho  the   In  lent  km  of  ths  btti   to  aH  only  to 

".   •       ..  d    -•'     ,    '!        . 

\  of  eon-  also  to  moke  ths  way  eaty  to  nun  the  aauuoal 


•  of 

Wrnmtht 

K  u  the  oommei 
M    the  eflort  to  r*nrv  and  deKroy ahont 

Mot     (MM  t£  ^\*mr  mm   h&v»  lo   rair 

hprohimts  their'  mns^taUoa  ami    bill  pnmae  yon  wil 

in  the  valur  It 

•he  himoc ratio  fiarty  which  aaveil    traru  » 
thto  vaM  ••  the  Peoplr.     I     .iKrr  dolUm  in  th»  pojrnwttt  of  our 


am  unwtlttnjc  *  «et«s  this  policy.    It  etampe  with  dufavur  ailvir  doUare  as  moasir. 

i.-an  party,  and  dostfoy  by     If  they  can  not  bs  assd  by  the  OnrimainU  ta 

m   |elonr  •     r!     f  •'.-    a&  llmfH  •  M  3     fa  MM*  •     HH    '•  I   H      a«J  H  -    I  '•    •   ' 


I  am  OM  oltlMa  who  bal*    wh  f  riMmld  tmnr  bt  w»d  te 

anf    If 


ff  popimlkm.  twalih.    ami  by  othanf    If  t 
^' 


frn-    wo.  ta  mm*  partial  aad  ih* 

.  bill 


d  me  in  advocacy  of  this  bill    which 

that  Mas  tnmhlsvas 


**   \m     *--          infM^iMM    r*t 

•  •HIT  IK»     iniu»j'>n  ••! 
,  -f  a,l- 


•    /     •  •     .         .      .-           .          .       • 

ofihtohUL    flat  thb  dWlaralioo  to  noi  Uwbilt 

rWoa  is  (imply  taartad  to  d^  -That  awtioa  ptovidM  that  lha  hvrfel  rt- 

on**  thto  lloiaia  and  in*  coaninr.  and  to  jtt*t  if y  afrfx  iwrairad  of  oatinoal  bank*  am  ammM  of 

»t  thto  Ihrir  drt«i«iu  ahall  b»  kapt  m  C^B.  oa#  half  of 


ti»7dta1ra.to    «rr»  to  hi  in  fold  and  OM  half  to  aflwr.  ih« 

mtldrnlr  ami  ab».lutrlv  retire  the  currvory  thry     mamUiniaj  Uto  |«ntr  of  thr  t «. ,     It  vat  m- 

trn.lol     I,.     |ra%r     Ihr     H-^w     .,,1 


•  bill  lh«  national  bank*  can  par-    thai  impramioa.     But   ii  i»  I  be 

and  will  harr  UM  mtrary  ••We.    It 


bankn<4»inKrUiiarT.haT«th«Traa«irTiMlM    imparativa  vpoo  tha  bank*  to  ka»p  thfir  nam« 
cmm^Ul  and  dartrorad  DY  Ihif    io  ot»  h«  pimrt  d»fnrtU  of  th»  ha*h» 

bill  thm  in  Man  h  retira  the  oatiooai  hm2  am>    tt  would  r^uir..  thT  baato  tohm  »4l?/NmJm) 


tomrd.  and  M*r«  th«  country  ab*>lut«lr  of  coin  for  a  lawful  m*rrr.     It  r^qatr««  half  of 

rtwnbarka,  Traamry  oota^   and  thto  at  baat  ahoahi  b*  in  Mid.    ll  maU»  no  re- 

nal Unk  •  .,•  U«  M.,»r.  .«.,!,?   ^  la  ailrar.    Th*  m€&m  adroMly 

mo*  b*  changed.    By  pranot  fltatut*  all  tha  lr«r«  it  optional  with  tb»  banks  to  hat^an? 

urrt-ncy  in«ioass  rilvw.  but  malts*  it  eomniaaty  that  it  smwli 


-f  *>  .....  ••'  imoni        .         ..-. 


.11  pfoVida*  lor  *>U  forlhHr  itwrrr.    If  «.«  gtnltoSMS)  htm- 

tKr    rvrn                                          n    national  attlr  intend  to  kM»  mi  II                 fjp4dand 

bank*  In   «i-»i.lr»«mic  cum»n  «x  ittwrt  m  into  bill  a  cfcnr.  honMt 

*«ho&«wm».  rurWan.r«^HiN(lmlfofih«i«MrT»oflmwni 


-old  btcoms  law   ths  nal^.  Tht.  w«wl4  f 

Iharvth                                             '•  HMUMfJstl"                         •«•!*  rnnk*  tt  lo  tW 

nnt«i  an  ofihrn                                        .kwplhto 

if  thnr  Unk..i-.  .ihrrat  |«niy  «nh  foid,    U  vonld  b*  a  fnnr* 

r   falurr  rfiMn  sni«»  that  ln«««  vfll  *•  no  war  on  ihto  aiwr  ta 


oitvmpUtp    in  tW  nrar   falurr 

M  tmtf  i»H»ir  ctirrvncy.  whr  do  ihrtr  th«  fotar*.    Hwt  ihto  nwyistoi  will  rmlt  ta  nr- 

fnonU    In*  .....      ,  •          -      •  -  ,         '     •  .:     .       '         ,       .    .       ' 

rvotrictkm  ainittat  tnair    owwr  nf  r^tr^  hanm>  of  I  W  bant*  and  a  <wwloiilniiMira,nnd 


onlr  restriction  acainst  their  ponw 

ment  and  contraction?    The  saft|pmrd  in»rtrd  t  hnsanito  ths  muasyai  ponw  of  thto  soaamta 

_  a S-*^J.i^    •4j^^f  mMkoam«l  Al«    m^aVnmftek     •   %     oaeAamMh    ftm^    ej^a^^^^a«A        *l*-^^     •!  i-»lCami a% 

V    •OPDI914HT   VHHVvVWi  i*P    Wl^W    Inw    Imi%lfV    lOT    |lfW«B%    MlWr    OPIHw-aV 

ifthsseUoa,     I  «*  Ur-  TWnmiais  of  this  afll  woald  mean  ths  d^tnc- 


tlMtflhssttion. 

w>  ma  and  I t»tr ninjr  to  «*  fvuminrnl  gMith> 

•  .    .    -  .     ».-.-.-        .    -.    .  :     , 


LSI 


x    (TnE  BOND  QUESTION.) 


rumnev  «c*pt  piM  and  such  money  as  the    ity  of  the  j>rodu.  in^clawesbe  restored.    Two 
national  hank*  MIW  proper  to  furni-h. 

••-  national  hank  note,  «..,,id  be  redeem- 


ii  fold.  Thus  w*  would  be  absolutely  upon 
agoldbaais.  Our  curmxry  would  then  be  .nil,, 
perfect  condition  desired  by  the  influences  be- 
nindihi»l.ill.  Thb  Wills  a  decisive  step,  taken 
for  the  complete  esf aHi-him  nt  <.f  tho  gold  basis. 
Its  result  will  be  to  put  tl,,-  .ntir.-< 
basinets  and  propert  try  at  the 


.-f  the  boodhoUsC  We  will  have  a  pub- 
lic de'bt  ,,f  f  |.vfii.M««MNi.i.  payable  in  ir-l-I.  We 
have  only  about  $500.000.000 of  gold  with  whii  h 
tomake  navmeni-.  Thus  the  bondholders  will 
be  toe  absolute  owner* of  th.~  or  tl,. 

taxing  power  of  the  Government,  overriding 
everything  else,  must  sacrifice  the  property  <>f 
the  dtfeeos  at  any  price  to  gather  in  this  gold 
for  the  bondholder*.  National  bank 
also,  being  based  on  bonds.  <>ur  m..n.-\.  our  cur- 
rency, oar  propertv.  will  be  absolutely  at  the  dic- 
tation «.f  the  tx»n<{h< 

in -y  with  us  will  lie  .-heap  or  dear,  scarce 
or  plentiful,  as  the  intere-t  <.f  th.  bondholder 
may  dictate,  I  can  and  will  never  consent  to 
the  creation  of  such  a  condition  of  affairs.  It 
will  n-Milt  only  in  further  poverty,  further  .11- 
tress,  among  the  great  toiling  and  producing 
masse*  »f  our  citizens.  This  bill  gives  contrac- 
tion, while  the  increasing  population,  business, 
and  commerce  of  the  country  demand  expansion. 

ill  creates  absolutely  a  single  gold  stand- 
ard, while  the  country  to-day  is  suffering  from 
a  lack  of  bimetallism.  To  my  mind  it  can  only 
bring  to  the  country  less  money,  lower  prices, 
greater  wretchedness,  and  poverty.  I  am  de- 
d  to  see  that  over  three  fourths  of  the  I  '>  m- 
ot-rats  in  this  House  are  opposed  to  its  passage. 

-  The  claim  that  such  a  bill  as  this  is  needed  to 
protect  the  gold  reserve  is  all  pretense  and  non- 
sense. The  President  has  ample  authority  un- 
der existing  law  to  sell  bonds  to  replenish  th<> 
gold  reserve.  Under  present  law  he  can  sell 
bonds  and  get  gold  until  h.-  has  redeemed  the 
last  Treasury  note.  When  once  redeemed  tin  y 
will  not  be  reissued,  unless  to  meet  cum 
pauses  of  the  Go\. -mm. -nt.  Th«-  President  has 
ample  authority  to  protect  and  redeem  the 
greenbacks  and  Treasury  notes,  and  her 
present  distress  and  depression  do  not  come  from 
any  lack  of  confidence  in  them  or  the  ability  of 
tills  Government  to  meet  its  obligations.  The 
causes  lie  ranch  deeper.  This  bill  would  be  but 
an  increase,  an  aggravation  of  existing 
It  would  be  another  step  into  darkness,  whi.  h 
we  would  have  to  retrace  to  reach  light  Pres- 
ent  low  prices  for  produce  and.labor,  present  de- 
pression and  stagnation  in  business  and  enter- 
prise, remit  from  the  den  n  of  silver 
and  the  destroying  of  half  the  money  of  ulti- 
maU'  redemption  of  the  world. 

a  time  «-a*-h  year  the  world  over  we 
have  witnessed  lower  wages,  lower  prices  for 
produce,  land,  and  property.  Th.  problem  of 

•  ;..  and  harder 

to  the  mass  of  the  people.  No  one  can  teli 
that  we  have  vet  reached  the  bottom  of  the 
abvss  into  which  we  were  plunged.  ' 
tell  that  prices  have  yet  reached  their  lx>ttom. 
so  that  society  can  readily  adjust  itself  and 
credit  and  confidence  in  the  solvency  and  abil- 


man  If  I  mu  in  T.  \a>  and  ciilton  \\iis  sell- 
jnff  at  7  Will-  a  pound  ami  everybody  thought 
it  had  reaeln-d  it>  bottom,  bcinj;  lower  t Imn  ever 

.:•:,,, 
No  one  ran   say  but   that    it    will    \.  I    -..  |,,\\rr. 

with   increa-ini;  demand  and  no   ii  . 
in  Mi|iiily  pn-M -nt>  the  same  spectacle  of  contin- 
ual fall  in  |  falling 

Will     cease.       \\Y    ha\.     no    r\|u-rirlire    ill 

thepa>t  hi.-tory  of   mankind  lik.-   tl. 

furni.-h  us  material   upon  which  to  reach   a  OCO- 

clu.sion.       Ni-\rr    b.  f..|-r    in    the   hi>tory  of    the 

world  ha-  it  en.:-  I  •  do  \\*  business  with 

p>ld    alone.     Prior    t<>    1^;:!.  lint  e 

dawn  of  dvilittUoo  both  ^..ld  ami  -i!\. 

"  Since  IH?:'{  poM  alone  has  been  the  moi 
the  world.     Since  t  hat  t  inie  we  have  b.-en  blindly 
staggering  in  the  dark,  not   knowing  win  n  this 
great  change  would  lead  us.     It  i-  a  n.  \\  , 
incut    in   the   hi-tory  of  the   world,  and   no  one 
can  know  how  much  lower  it  will   reduce  wages 
and  prices.     We  only  know  that  it  penni- 
i"  remain  the  same,  while  «•...  h  y,-,-ir  lowering 
labor,  produce,  and  property,  with  which  debt  is 
paid.     It  seems  to  roe,  we  have  gone  far  en-  n^h 
in   this  night  of  darkness,  wretrh.dn. 
distress.     We  should  reverse  our  steps  and  not 
pi  further,  as  this  bill   pro\ides.     If  we  can  not 
safely  make  the  entire  return  in  one  day.  let  us 
at  least  turn  our  faces  toward  the  brightness 
we  left  and  journey  back  to  it  as  fast  as  safety 
and  our  circumstances  will  permit.     I,  for  «ne, 
will  not  be  allured  by  promises  nor  driven  by 
fears  further  into  this  unknown  and  untried 
darkness. 

-  Mr.  Chairman,  what  we  need  more  than  all 
else  in  our  currency  is  money  of  ultimate  re- 
demption. What  we  need  in  our  currency  is 
not  to  make  the  silver  dollar  redeemable  in  gold, 
but  to  make  silver  money  of  ultimate  redemp- 
tion. We  should  broaden  the  foundations  upon 
which  we  rear  the  superstructure  of  our  cur- 
Gold  is  too  narrow  a  ba-i-  upon  which 
to  biiild.  The  whole  theory  of  this  bill  is  to  cur- 
tail and  contract  our  currency  until  it  i- suited 
to  rest  upon  a  narrow  p. Id  ba-i-.  .My  belief  is 
that  we  should  broaden  the  basis  of  our  ctu 
by  making  silver  money  of  ultimate  redemption, 
and  lliuse  liable  us  to  make  larger  and  in- 
fect the  stlperM  Picture  We  -holild  1- 

••  Mr.  Chairman,  my  limited  time  will  not  per- 
mit me  to  enter  into  a  di-cu--ion  of  the  reforms 
I  think  needed  in  our  financial  >\>t.-m.  i 

have  previously  said,  the  Carlisle  bill  was  a 
:al  reform  which  recommended 
Itself  to  me  Strongly.      I  never  entertained  much 
hopesof  its  passage.    It  brought  too  man\ 
fits  to  the  people  and  carried  relief  and  I 

!'  wa-  indirectly  anla^oni/ed 
I  louse  who  now  seek  the  passage 
of  thi-  bill.     It  jrave  no  aid  to  those  who  sought. 
the  establishment  of  the  gold  basis.  Tin  y  n\\\  ays 
wanted  a  measure  like  the  pending  bill.     When- 
ever von  find  all  the  members  of  a  certain  section 
standing  by  a  bill,  regardless  of  party  lin* 
may  be  sure  that  the  bill  is  a  step  in  the  din  c- 
f  a  £old  basis. 

y.  these  people  remind  me  very  much  of 
a  Southerner  who  was  once  in  Central   Park, 


NOREB&    (TM  Horn*  QtrcmM.) 
-Sm  be  bmni  li»  bud  pfejr.    Wbrt,     llul*k.  IU1U  II«M~.  il«,fc..i».  Urn.  liter. Jtl*. 

*  t«»»  Waited  «a  ^K^K^LM,  u^Ui, 

•  Ditto  •~t£«Uypky-J  for  him.    Whm  «    ^i  V*?T*. .  ffP?L  '^g'  A*h«  ****** 


,*i.  r*er.  be  •touted.  *0if«  m«  -IHxte-     MrffcM 

«    *M 

iUl 
Mated  ifcoU  MA*. '» 

»     •'•       Utlir**    III    Aft         f     '.•:•      k*    >1<I     ••*•.:.'     1  \\    li», 

S^^Hi^H^^TH  JiS^JSrii111^^"111^ ^ 

^JM&SKA^^         «^sr      -**f.w— KJ«^ 


Ha    i.  ....    lUrn- 

»? 

mw>.  • 


r.  •.-'- 


.DraMT.     •OH"*  »  WDM  VM  MITHa   Df  A  VOW  Of   HI 
IliTlli      J«M  U>  194  iwr«. 

On  Ibe  orit  <Uv   tbe   PnrflJMH  MM  lo  iW 


>wr    tW  Ti  •  MJ  *  *£•  fnmmm  »  M^  Ji  jmrnp 

B0M%     CHB0HBVB  BWHd  w«m  vBv  1HHHBBB  OT^*  flv  BflHiL 

V^^M^^^MA.  Jfc  t^^i^^^^^rf^  «^  ^^rf^te^h  flMM  ^^  i^^  ^.^ 


§  m  t 


L86 


HESS.    (THE  BOXD  QUESTION.) 


be  allowed  to  the  Government  upon  the  bonds  as  to 
•sine  rate  of  interest  apon  the  amount  of  gold  real- 

of  taeVold1?  bTobffn^iTto  W  su^lieTrroni 
b  a  very  important  attdf  favorable 


.jr.-:.'       •      .  .  -'..:..  •  -  Bttd 

obJaetoMred  to  be  the  b.- 
'"-renee  in  the  win 
made  tmyahle  in 
yablv  in  ^••\<\  in  f:»vr 
by  three  fourths  of  a 
In  the  agreement  ju 

L  gold  bonds  should  be  substituted 

•     ..      •         •  '•       ;       ,      ,.-,.,-,:•,,.. 

in  thirty  years,  or  at 
to  $!•;.! 74.770. 

be  a  doubt  in  any 

r  as  to  the  redemption  in  gold  of  the  bonds  of 
*  are  made  payable  in   coin. 
in  the  judgment  of  in- 
in  coin 
\  <  r\ 

'It  b  hardly  necesaary  to  Mi^ot  that. 
•  may  be  our  views  on  the  - 
or  preferences  of  those  with  uh<>m  we  must 
Msntfnts  in  disposing  of  our  bonds  for  gold  are  not 

1  have  only  to  add  that  in  my  opinion  the  tranxac- 
tion  herein  detailed  for  the  information  of  ti 


Therefore,  the  discrimination,  in  the  jud^me 
vaster*,  between  our  bond  obligations  payabl 
and  those  specifically  made  payable  in  gold 


than   tin 

in  the  direction  of  <•:  Iding 

to  oof  fold  reserve  through  the  sale  of  bondi 
I  believe  it  will  tend,  a*  far  as  such  u.-tl-.n 
preseot  cirrmnetartces,  to  meet  the  determination  ex- 
pressed in  the  law  repealing  the  diver-purchasing 
clause  of  the  act  of  July  14,  18*>.  un.l  tl.at,  in  the 
lanfoeceof  such  repealing  act, the  arrangement  m:i<i( 
•  ill  sidour  ..fthi- 

I«rii»   in  value  of  the  coins  of  the  t»< 
the  equal  power  of  every  dollar  at  all  time*  in  tl:.- 
and  in  the  payment  of  debts." 

(DROVER  CLEVF.I 
/     .        - 


1 3  the  Committee  of  Way*  nnd 
made  a  rpjwrt   t«.  the   lions*-  which   contained 
the  contract  with  the  bond  syndicate : 

Thb  acreeroent  entered  into  this  8th  day  < 
ntarr.  18M.  between  the  Seeretary  of  the  Treasury  ot 

•   •       .-'    ..-    .   M,      •       \  . 

•-•,•..••,...••  ..f 

\:     •     .1    I-  M  •'-..-.  A- 

,  of  New  York,  on  behalf  of  Measrs.  J.  8.  Monrsn 
•4  London,  and  themselves,  parties  of  the  sec- 
ond part, 

•      i:      -    . 
(•Mas  of  ti 


' 


fifuretaijf  of  the  Treasury  may  purchase  ooin  with 
the  bonds  or  notes  of  thet nited  States  author- 
bed  by  law,  at  such  r»t«  and  upon  such  terms  as  he 
met  deem  s»ost  advantaireons  to  the  pu»- 
and  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  now  deems  that  an 
-m, 

thaCasbrrtinafW  pmvid,,|.  coin  »hsll  I 
with  the  bond*  *tates,oftlM 

*  treinefter  mentioned.  suth<,r  /.  i  to  IK- 
he  act  emit 

$w%!^*2Ly&j*z?£ 


in  an  act  of  Congress  ap]>r<>\c.l  July  M.  IST<\  entitled 
••  An  Act  to  authorize  Uio  refunding  »r  tin  iuiti..i»:tl 

the  wiitl  parties  of  tin-  .-..  -.•.,n.l  part 
hereby  agree  to  sell  an«l  deliver  to  the  I 
8.600,000  ounces  of  staixhinl 


a  rate  of  $17.80441  per  ounce,  pay  able  In 

United  States  4-per->-t-nt.  tint 
ered  bon<U.  -:n.l  1-n.U  to  in 

].;i\;il'l«-    at    tin-    ]  '!;.     I   nit,,. 

thirty  y«-at> 

gress  Of   -li.  >71.  an.l   .Ian.    14. 

187ft,  bearing  intm^t  at  the  rate  «.i'  .  per  an- 

niun,  payable  «juurterly. 

Su.-li   i'ur,-li:i-e  nn<l 
tiiii.l,-  «-n  tin-  following 

1.   At  1<  :i-t  MIH-  halt'  <>|    all   ,-«'in  «l,-li\  ,-ral>le  1 
mxlcr  hhull  )•«•  ul.taiix  ,1  in  an<l  hliipp,-,!  fr,,m  Kun-pr, 
but  the  .-hipiu,  nt*  .-hall   not    lu-   re<juir,-«l  t< 

800,000    OUIK  Mil.   linle>>*    the     : 

second  i-art  shall  <-"ii-«  nt  tl:, 

1   ,Uli\er'u-s  hhall   he  ma*li  at  any  ..J'tliesiiK 
•;,-s  or  at  any  other  legal  depository  «•)   tlu 
t  niti.l  States. 
8.  All  gold  n.ins  deliven-,1  ^hall  he  r«-ei\,  ,1  ,,n  the 


i^  of  standard  gold  per  dollar,  if 
within  limit  of  tolerance. 

4.  BoinU  tlelivered   uixler  thin  contract  arc  to  be 
d«-liv<i'  .i,'cnx-d  inten-.st.  which  is  to  be  aa- 

hunied  and  paid   1>\  the  partic>  of  the  .»ecc.nd  part  at 
the  time  of  their  delivery  to  them. 

M.I.   Should   the   Secretary  Ol 
sire  to  .itl't-r  t<-  ><-ll  any  hoixU  of'  the  I'n.' 

•T  Let'-.  re  the    1  M    -lav'-'  all   til>t 

olfer  the  Willie  to  the  parties   of  the   second  part  :   hut 
thereafter  he  shall  he  free  IPMII  every  such  <>K. 
to  the  partic>  of  the  second  part. 

Third.   The   Secretary   of  the   Tn  -a-m 
•he  ri^rht.  within  ten  da\  >  fp-n,  tl.. 
in  caw    lie   shall    receive   authoritv    fp-iu    < 
therefor,  to  Mjl.stitute  any  bondsof  the  1'nite,.  - 
hearini:  '•'•  p«-r  .-cut.   interest,  of  which  the   principal 

and  interest  shall  be  specifically  payable  in  I'nited 
States  gold  «-oin  of  the  present  weight  and  t. 
for  the    bonds   herein  alluded    to;  Mich    3-p< 

Me,!    l.y  the    part'u-s  of  the 

part  at  pur,  i.  e.,  at  $18.60465  per  ounce  of  ntand  a  rd 
gold. 

Fourth.   No  honds  shall  l>e  <lelivered  to  tin-  • 
of  the  second  part,  or  either  of  them,  except  in  pay- 
ment for  coin  Irom  time  to  time  received  h,  -reunder; 
whereupon  the  >  -ur\    ..f  the 

United    States    shall  and  will  deliver   the   IX 
hepin  provi.ied.at  such  places  us  shall  I 
hy  the  parties  of  the  second   part.      At. 
delivery  out  of  the  I'nited  States  shall*  he  a- 
and  paid  h\  the  parties  ..f  the  second  p:irt. 

Fifth.   In    consideration    of  the   purchase  <>i 
coin,  the  parties  of  the  second  part,  and  their  . 

nme  and  will    hear  all 

and    i!  —   of  hrinuinjr  ^old   from    Kurope 

li  r  :  and.  :  their  power,  will 

.  tinanciid  inthierx-e  and  will   make  all  1«  L'iti- 

.ry  of  t  In- 

states against    the   witlnlrawal>  of  gold  pen-iinf  the 
complete  performance  of  thi- 
In  witness  whereof  the  part 

T  hands  in  In-  part>  Ol  ruarv. 

;  -  -:,. 

•  f  tfu  Treasury. 

• 

"     ,  i 

don,  and  t  kernel  ret. 

.1.   I'.   M'.|{«AIC  &  Co., 

On  Ixhalf,  fi.  Morgan  <t  Co.,  London, 

and  tkemtelcei. 

Attest: 

W.  R.  Crims. 

FRANCIS  LYXDE  STETSOW. 


-       :    - 


•    .'         -    - 
' 

iftrtiiil  •  ."I--  adufdoa  ai 

-.*.  .ul.m. 


-1  rf%?Lir^S.w*  •••<••' 

TtMMT    •ffto  •!•  «o«iomoi  II  li  to  •  rwry  OMJT  •»»• 

lAoft, 

- 1  bar*  b*r»  a  HaUftMC  of  Ibt  ooftdfcio.  of 
•id  ot-    UM  Tioftftvy  Oft  UM  SI*  day  of  May.  It**.    I 


,>Qift,MdlftUM«Mb»lo  rtroM.    Tbk  b\  bowmr.  MM**  lo  oMlftfjr 

to  brbaif  ol  tb»  fMuluUuo.     li  tba  ilooM,  aod  oftgbt  to  b»  ••. ibftt  to  •Uofr 

important  that  in  Iba  b»*  any  mao  to  UM  amfttry.  thai  Ibom  m  BOOM*. 

ftV^LMjftWftAftmoV        *f      I  Ki  i  toa^ftBftVAft^ftft      I  AftA       ItftfMft^ftm    fttt.lfttfOtt.W4  oVft^BBoVfo   —**   tm\m  AVA   tamoB  Tvwftftk.oftV  v^V    teft^LwlC  bft\    .walft^Mft^ftTft^ft^ftl 

ilBoVHftift^K    «•*     Mwow    fJS^Bv^B^ftwM^B     Mow     U*^Wo7   •X*^NHl»  ftwHwVv  W  oVsT  olB  UoV    1  WftvHoWV  ovBSjftW  oW   VoVoWoVft^Bjii 

......    ->.••.     .,..     -..:..-.          :     ..  E     -:.   ,    I 


• 


FWMOT«    M^BWb          %/•••••  »MVW«HlVV«fl*H  »^  t^FWC  »l»r      t  I  ^••l  I,    •      MWU      »»      »•»      WVOTf/      V^**«  •  •  ^*W^ 

rtrktly  to  tbat  M»M  ftftd  kepi  frw  from  tba  TW  Tno«vry  a*  a  bank  of  (MAM  m  to  dMir«^. 

.        .              i    .                  »'    ^oiftJIr  tftttttaMvjasi       •     '                •       hr  • 

be«rt  errr,    rtriAiM-iaJ  «Ji«  u*%:..«»   in   ihi«    II  .  .w,  »r*r  ..f  it,   rr  m   -h.t.'^.    •••  i   l»«  «u*r  ,  f   :t.  •:.»- 

it  May  ba  toipaa^bU  lor  UM  ftMrnbom  lo  rot*  UH  \nm  m  a  bank  of  MMM  to  baa  DM 


-hich,  Jo  ib*  opinion  of  UMH^r^ary  oyt  toto 

oftlMTreoMin  »  which  to  ka^a  for  UM  fwrpoM  of 

*rri«e  tbv  auth-ni  r  confrrrrd  upon  him  br  ctimpnl  nntm. 
lav  to  pttrrboM  pM  to  ordar  lo  i%*onlbrM  an«l 

a^ala^aiA  fcbtt  tr^iitionAl  AAtl  U^rml  i*tilti  ntM>mi  AttwMint     f  i KAI   >**kLl 

IftlbtTrmwrT     II.  h*.ewrru5lhalaolbority  tim*  Tftriod  to  UM 

gb  a  onotrvi  mada 


ib  JM  bftjpojtbiMJfrofti        "80  jgiiol  wat  UM  nnaidiftBi  of  tba 


«r  eoin  bomb  of  tl»    MM!  Uw  I*  tUy  . 
«(«•  »t  Mch  mto  a«    to  m.kr   i* 


blobiftftlo     imttftfttbrtvtOft'tlMlftl   Iftf'of^ftMftt]    m 
>y of  Kiit ••kJftftW  ••» nfMwIol 


pWftiitMft  ftpoa  UM  bonoa  about  44  pftf  oanU,    ««f  ihrQofifWBOftfti  ftajddftrftVtiMOfttlrvtwjolvft 

and  Itergtf  »•  ^-r^l  ,„  ihr  ,,,r,tr»,i  i',*i     ,,,,.i,t»M  •.»,.!    f  . :...,.»    f-        \  ;     i     !*:• 

twhrtitwit  lor  tbr-  tmndt  of  UM  fotttfwoi  S*     «nd«r  tb»  iwftftHftioft  MW  bwla  ttnbx 


,.-r     Ml       I-               .       ;    >'      '                •          :    -     •  '••'     '  -                                -      - 

prim-in*!  >                          *>M.    Tb»  qn-tfioo  «11  ih«  ««d  ol  f«4d  UM«  4m««  «M  «4 

'•*   *uih.                       ,  Trr...  ,  4^dt  tov  of  MM 

•aeh  banO^  (or  tbaM  b*  mar  UHM  .-  «*»nr  «».»•*  tW  *»»*«tafct»<«»f»4».4» 


iiftoruy  10 

may  UHM    into  ib»  TuJMory 
Uwf  oftbatiawoftmdrtbotobi»pft»iriiiuMomto 


-  important,  p»rba|«.     b>  a>  r«d  ^gobllftih     i  ftMft  fth^ft 

:  br  pftwrtaftMad  of  UM  c^i. 

I  £M  «    •.   :      »••-.'•;•  .       , 

bf  1%^    1**MA«M«>«     t-i-fc.     » aM«^«»«.Jt^J  tkkA       A.U         •MMB4WM        B^te       flk^ft*^  A         »ia«V 

i  n»  i  nmoary  wnico  naa  oomnouoa     UMJ  •ORB  nwwrrw  nmt  ovwit*    A   *wrj 


MBar|OB9y  in  t '  «"b 

nak.  thb  c.Hilrar«.  Urn*  mm*  It, 

tiinoi  lb»  TnNMirr  «t*i-  l<>  SMfvtftrr  WtndoOB.  to  UM  MJII  b 

ftMnt  tbbi  mormin*  will  ind  tbat  «  far  a*  P.T-  mad.  10  11  T<AtlM  ftbjtbt  b» 

L*  ««n«kM»*M^I   •  fc*—  t^aLfl  *'      *     I  li_»««»   <»mA    •l>»*4^^    •  iV^    *^tM* !«• 

inK  IMOIOJ  oxponaiivjio  M  caooonMQ  UM  I  nra»- 

tbrr»  it  to  UM  bftntb  of  tba  dWuiffftW  oSli  in,  tbai  b»  Oftttfti  flMMBtioft  to  bk 


M  OMMM    al        MoJ     o          • 

th^haotUof  tW  JtUninteir  oaVvrx  liioi  o»  o«oVJ  rtoiojUiai  to  ofa  •••••!  tn^rt  of 

that  dorto*  tbr  «rWi  of  ifc* 

n  band*  of  llM  dfa6«ni»«  HMMI  of  1MJO  tW  TraoMry  WM  .irtoallr  n- 

^  till  m                           ..«rr-  dorad.  »  far  o»  avaHybW  OMB  oiavta  lor  tb* 

^wb  of  dblNBf«te«ooVaffi  m-  MTM***  of  tt*  dobt*  m~*  tuonia..!.  tn  tb* 

wMyHOQotoJiabb  forcomot   aiauli    boiba*  l<wt»  «f  UM  OMMJOW  tiwot  ft»d   wbicb 


L88 


CONGRESS.    (TiiE  BOXD  QUESTION.) 


trader  th+ operation  of  the  Sherman  law  of  the 
J.>  n  passed  to  the  ea*h  of 


J  '.  x;      • 

EH  ;  •-, 


-  It  thus  being  by  law,  Mr.  Speaker,  and  by 
the  policy  of  the  Treasury  Department  ever 
tine*  the  resumption  of  specie  pavm- 
t  he  rrrogniwd  safe  and  nou  nd  practice  to  main- 
tain in    the   TrvA-ury   .-f  the   1 

-10.000 of  g.-ld.  or  aMifllrient  amount 
of  fold  to  maintain  the  redemption  of  the  obliga- 
tions of  the  Government  r  vcmable  in 
gold,  it  has  three  time*  within  the  la>t  tl 
months  become  necessary  f  r  the  Trea- 
the  United  States  to  go  into  the  market  and 
purchase  p'ld.  as  any  other  banker  would  have 
to  maintain  its  reserve.  :wd\e 
has  issued  and  sold  in  this  country 
f8QyOOO.Ou»  bUgatlona  of  thi 
Government,  g*< t  "'C  into  the  Tn-aMiry  for  them 
••milling  over  $UT000yMfti  I1"1  (I1111  «-xpcri- 
ment,  aa  r\  now  see,  waa  onlv  a 
Makeshift,  and* a  very  brief  and  futile  inak. -shift 

•  Unit 

-The  gold  acquired  last  January  was  taken 
out  of  the  Treasury  I-  •  mU-r.    The  gold 

bought  last  November  has  been  taken  out  of  the 
Treasury  in  two  months,  so  that  any  one  can  see 
that  these  previous  I  HUM!  issues  have  simply  re- 
Milted  in  exchanging  pur  gold  for  our  own 

ier  these   <  nces  it   became 

retary  of  the  Treasury,  in 
order  to'  maintain  the  gofd  reserve  at  the  -um 
required  by  law,  in  order  to  maintain  a  ready 
nnd  instantaneous  reilemption  of  the  legal- 
tender-note  obligations  of  the  Government,  in 
order  to  carry  out  the  pledge  contained  in  the 
flhat man  law  and  in  the  law  that  repealed  the 
Sherman  law,  to  maintain  at  a  parity  all  the 
coin  circulation  of  this  country,  I  sav  it  became 
necessary  for  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to 
seek  some  other  supply  of  gold  than  that  he 
could  obtain  in  this  country.  fnder  tln-e 
circumstances  Secretary  Carlisle  has  done 
just  what  Secretary  Sherman  did.  time  and 
again,  when  he  was  refunding  the  public  debt  : 
just  what  he  did  when  be  was  gathering  the 
•»  make  up  this  reserve  in  the  Treasury; 
be  baa  sought  to  purchase  gold  from  other  mar- 
kets than  our  own. 

Now.  Mr.  Speaker,  there  is  one  point 

-tate    appropriately     here, 
though  not  directly  in  the  line  of  my  remark-. 
I  have  Mid  that  Secretary  Sherman  kept  a  gold 
reserve  of  40  per  cent.,  and  declared   in 
rive  reports  that  he  believed  40  INT  cent .  v. 
necessary  and  safe  reserve.     When  that  *H">, 
000 ,000  was  set  apart :   when  the   *1oo.<" 
by  what  aremed  to  be  the  instruct; 
frees  in  1888  waa  set  apart,  it  was  a  gold  reserve 
fund  for  the  redemption  of  the  greenbacks  out- 
•taodjnc.  $S4ft.000.6oO.  and  for  the  supp 
$200.000.000  or  more  of  standard  silver  dollars 
then  in  Hrculat 

lay  $100.000.000  g,,M  in  the  Treasury 
would  Iwa  rwerve  fund,  fir-t.  for  the  redemj>- 
'  $-'100.000,000  of  outstanding  legal-tender 
notes  of  the  Government  :  then,  of  $500.000,000 
outstanding  overvalued  *il  and  in  ad- 

dition to  that,  under  the  operation  of  the  pres- 
ent national  banking  law.  of  all  the  notes  of  all 
the  national  banks  of  the  country.  If  40  per 


•.llirient    lianng   re- 
"    man  can  <-.,|i,(  lain 

Ailhthe.M-   added   charges   and    tlu-M-   addi- 
ti..n-   to   the    redermalile    DOtei    »f   tli«-   <• 
nient.  $100.0(KMMHi  i-  now  more  than 

racl    made  under  which 
i-  Itcing  put  into  t  In   -ul-l  n  a- 
.tid.T  \\hicli  gold   is  to-day  l.ein-  haded 
on  shiplM.ard  to  come  t<.  lhi>  count ry.  a  contract 
\vhich   is  complete  in   itselT  and   can  not    I  •• 

under  ample  aullioiily  of 
c\i-ting  law.     Tin- only  <|ue-tion  i>  whet! 
hhnll    •  "iir   option    t<»    snl.slitute    for 

thirt\  '.  coin  l>ond  a  thin;. 

•  r  1.  •  •  t.  gold  l»ond.     And  the  «  : 

that  is  simply  this:  That  a-  e\ery  coin  cont 
made  in  this  country  since  t  he  'resumption 
s|  «-«-ie  payments  i>  in  truth  a  gold  cont  i 

\ing  half  a  million  dollar- a  year  without 
an\    additional  liurden   or  liability  OD  11 
ernment. 

.Mr.  Sp<aker.  I   repeat    that    thi-   is  simply 
of  saving  a  half   million  of  dollar! 
year  in   interest    to  the   people   of  the    I  nit 

I,  The  gold  dollar  ha-  l>«-.n  the-tandar 
of  payment  in  this  country  liv  operation  of  la\ 
for  twi -iiiy-five  years.  There  is  not  a  conti 
made  by  a"  member  of  Congress  for  the  pa\m,-nt 
of  money,  there  is  not  a  contract  in  this  cot 
try  to-day,  where  the  money  is  not 

.lied,  that    is  not  a  gold  contract.     Gold 
the  standard — the  legal  standard—  by  which 
contracts  are  paid  in  this  country,  whether 
payment   be  in  gold  or  not,  and  gentlemen  con- 
stantly confuse  in  their  discus-ions  on  this  floor 

a  very  important  distinction  between  tin 

ard  of  jiayment  and  the  currency  of  payment." 

Mr.  Hopkins,  of  Illinois,  led   in  opposition   t' 
the  measure.     He  said: 

"  Mr.  Speaker,  the  gentleman  from  West  Vi 
ginia  who  has  just  aodresjed  the  House  in  favt 
of  this  proposition  that   is  pending  under  tl 
special  rule  adopted  to-day  devoted  eon-iderahh 
time  in  justification  of  the  Administration  in  is- 
suing bonds  and  replenishing  the  Treasury  thei 
by.     I  shall  take  no  time  iii  attemptii 
him  on  that  propo-ition.     That,  as  I  um!« 
it,  is  not  the  question  presented  to  the  House  to 
pass  upon. 

"We  have  been  informed  by  the   I're-ident 
the  I'nited  States,  in  a  special  message  to 
gre-s  which  \\.M-  read  hen-  a  few  days  ago.  that 
cont  met  has  been  already  made  for  the   is-nance 
of  Uuid- :  and  the  f)iie-tion  -ubmitted  to  us 
not  whet  her  H  new  loan  shall  be  ncgotiat. 

ued.   but    whether   this   Ton/ 
will  authori/c  the  I'n-ident  to  change  tl 
of  the  (u.vernment  and  issue  a  gold  bond. 

"I  am  opp«-ed  to  thi-  re-olut  I  »nn 

oppoj«e<l  to  this  Government  at  this  late  day  in 
our  financial  transactions  changing  its  policy 
with  reference  to  the  i  — mmcc  of  bonds:  and  in 

f  myoppo-jtjon   I  tie-ire  the  attention 
the  House,  for  a  brief  period  only  to  give  « 

that  impel  me  to  hold  that  position. 

"  I  Miring  the  long  period  the  Republican 
controlled   this  country,  commencing,  as  it  di( 
in  the  early  days  of  secession,  during  all  the 
dark  and  stormy  period  of  war  and  up  to  a  fe* 
years  ago,  it  was  enabled  to  enact  laws  and  ad< 


iRKHa.    (Tm  B«n>  QrwffM  i  >. 


al 

Illi      MMDtWefhMWhoa^ 


ai»d  hi.  Secretary  of  the  Tr»a».  - 

nert  thai  •)  befofi  wJl"  f  alal  «l 

ii»»i  thirl » -fltr  fwafv  tbe  eMtled  fof  a  loan  and  ftbonid  ajpM)  to  give/  a 

unraaiat  ba*  haw  ID  bwyoy  «M«*  bu  property  •*  •r^*m?.  tbai  av- 

'''.:,•'...  -..>-•.  •      •      • 

r.  or  gTiiahanK.  bat  are  £yaUe  firinc  a*  good  emrity  a»  tbe  brol 

UM  gi  •!!••»  who  aai  joMati-  and  tie  cwdllor 

t«i.y.  that  the  oMablUMd  ooo.  of  nUadin*  Iheif  obUfrtJoM  Md  fW»f  bu* 

roa.  would  in**  u|-4i  the  MnwwA  of  th**r 

,i  lijajla.  .      •    ;  .-  •-..   .   •  !  m  •••»    »>.  i   •-..    r.-  .•....;-.    ••»-.    •  .    • 

*.,(  I.  ».,  ,.ul  uillir  .,,M-....i..'  .Kaiitfr    -f    I...    ,-  -;    '    fti 

AIM!   Pl^MMt  l*l«V»Uivl   Afi.i  hi*  -^~»  Vottbl  !M> 


ntk<t««^        I  lltAl  vl^M*  ••  Vav     tb^    ^ktf^    ihilitf 

'     *r.  , •  .  '    •  • 

:    •        - 

at  the  Uorenutteol  would  mH  da*     wet  that  tbtir  boode  VJMMt  be  rbaoced  to  fold 

•UUI  ,.,U  ,.  l,ut   thai   It*  U.U.U      »nr..      l'i,,lcr   th, 

Bflol£MlL§flHMa1.maWa 


lklA  wkM  IM  MODlialiiMi    RflMbllaMi  •tol 


nawd  tbal  UM  CloranuMal    of  UM     party  te  Unt  eowMry 

itee  ba«  a  afttled  policr  un  thi.  bood    oMfaprtinM  oomid  be  paid  te  aflrw 

and  Ibat  tbe  people  o>  tbk  dWOUT     of  UUboode  be  ketiL     lieore,  tbe  bolder*  of  la» 


of  UM  two  aetih     TWy  are 
that  the  moaeT  of  tbe  GOT. 


ood*laUm* 


our  obligation,    gire  btei  UM  power  of  MMtefT  •  gold  boad.  pea 
ttim.- •h<-!i!h<-    POwJdw«atlof  tMiprii    ;  • 


tioB  of  oor  eooniry  WM  ooi  M  good  »  it  U  Uol  UM  bondboldir  Unckr  aad  TO«  woald  «ifct 

.  «t»  HUM  viMivvdid  not  hmMVMt  him  •  b«mr  apoo  U»  nMiW.  TW  tiinillillir 

rw*,  M  inwt  wrmlth.  ^.  wr  hare  rtnmi  wooM  bowl  rMfb  •  pajvblt  te  «oU  *  it  dtmtlf 

in  thr  raulu  of  prirai*  iodiriduab  and  ialarMtod  in  drivin*  Ibte  Qommm*  Ufa*  A 

rmtkMaadiatlMfwtbaBlBofUMoon-  •iltvrbM^ 


and  wu  h 

HMwOMilHOBOfUM 

SUUea,    The  - 

.      . 


» ^  i_   • ->  _  —    .!»••— ^|»  i^^a^^l^^    ^    LwrfiA^ 

T J**f*  •§•••'  ••  MMJM*  airrrf iy  imevfWMV  m  MjaiMW 

ofllMViutwd  leTreaemryoflbel                         f  Me  jold.  ta 

tofVMk  j^^^H^va^v  fl^b  a^^MMaM  fla^awlaw/ ^v  ^Me  ^Mi^eMa 

v*w»*  QWJHWyejBC  Mie  ejejHejwaM  eHVHHiw  «^  ^w  i^w^w* 

Ibal  byaaopiiair  Ibb'rattlaUo.  Mrt.and^                                             baeKbe. 
>l  IbJt  fold  M* 
ba  a»vwd  to  UM 


II  be  avred  to  UM  UiiramwMnl  te    Ibeir 

%t  lhebor».U*rr^i|Milatedtoniav         \*'** 


kn.  that  the  bon*U  an*  4t|>alalad  to  nw.  -  What  a  nianrlaldt  alUtvd*  UM  PtMJiliai 

Spm.                  humblt  Jadfmefit.  te«  and  bfc  Secretary  of  t be  Tnoeary  are  te !    TVy 

%  •vrhw  lo  the  OorafwJWwA  of  are  «*afteg  to  UM  pablk  that  tbU  loaa  bto  re- 

daiala^th                 ««ntoeooMit  pteaiab U    TreaMry aoMlovMtauteUMpafl^ 

•Myd  te  lSajw«ja!^!paf» ••ifg"fe*  ^jltiiiy to m± Mr. 8p»> ir. tbai  UMM> <•»> 


••h 

•MINI 


190 


HESS.    (TflB  BOJ«D  QUESTION.) 


weight  with  the  member*  of  tin-  H..UM-  \\. 
mining  their  vote  up»n  this  question.    Certainly 
it  ought  n.-t  to  hn\.  MIIV  w.-ight  with  the  K.  pub- 
lican  inrmbrr*  of  tab  House,  when  the\  know 
from  the  earliest  history  of   the    Rapabiioan 

party   we  havo   had   but  u|«-n   this 

question,  atnl  thnt    imliry  him  i-nin.-d  tin*  c,.,,n- 
m  a  course  Off  prosperity  nnd  financial  and 
isdustrisJ  taocsss  that  lias  been  the  marvel  of 
•       -    -    . 

•  aker.  I  have  suggested  these 
few  considerations  in  a  genernlwa)  (or  the  reason 
of  my  opposition  to  tab  measure.  When  we 

oomc  to  oonaider  the  of  the  contract 

that  has  been  entered  into  by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  we  find  reasons  that  are  t^.  nu- 
merous to  mention  why  we  »h>u  1.1  not  give  it.. ur 
sanction  by  an  affirmative  vote  in  thi-  II- UM. 
-junker,  it  :-  mark- 

able  cotitnu  In  that  wan  ever  entered  into  by  this 
Government  with  any  private  corporal  ion.  either 
foreign  or  domestic.  What  is  it  f  It  i- a  con- 
tract, in  the  first  place,  that  has  been  made  in 
private.  Heretofore  the  obligations  of  the  Gov- 
ernment had  been  entered  into  in  the  open  mar- 
ket, with  the  entire  American  public  taken  into 
thaoonfidenceof  the  Administration.  Kven  tin- 
loans  that  have  been  previously  made  by  this 
Administration  have  been  of  that  character. 

.•-gentleman  from  West  Virginia  has 
t  hat  1 1 1 7.000.000  has  been  placed  i  n  t  h ,-  T  r  -,-  a  >  u  r  y 
of  the  United  States  by  the  two  loans  that  ha\e 
been  made  within  less  than  a  year  by  th 
ministration.  Those  loans  were  not  made  in 
secret  with  a  foreign  syndicate.  They  were 
made  with  the  Am-rican  people  in  the  light  of 
American  cili/cn  having  the 
prmh-gv  of  sending  hi-  bid  to  the  Treasury  of 
th«-  I  int.  ,1  States  and  adding  his  sum  of  money 
to  replenish  the  Treasury  of  the  fnit.-d 
Mr.  Speaker,  what  has  bean  the  result  of  this 
f  The  result  i-  that  loans  have  been 
made  for  less  than  8  percent,  on  ten-year  bonds. 
For  lees  than  8  percent.  <.n  ••••in  ten-year  I 
aixl  here  we  have  a  contract  entered 'into  secret- 
•veen  a  hanking  concern  in  New  York  and 
one  in  London,  not  for  a  ten-year  Inmd.  not  for 
a  fifteen-year  bond,  but  br  a  thirty-year  bond, 
and  one  that  mav.  under  it*  terms," run  for  a 
hundred  years;  a  Imnd.  Mr.  Speaker,  that  re- 
quires the  Government  of  the  United  States  to 
pay  81  per  cent  interest,  and  that  interest  is  to 
be  paid  quarterly. 

- 1  »n  th<*  very  <fay  that  this  contract  was  signed, 
on  the  very  day  that  the  President  of  th.  I 
Slates  sent  his  message  to  Congress,  holding  up 
thb  bribe  of  $16,000.000  to  the  House  and  the 
Senate  for  their  approval,  like  iK.nds  were  sell- 
ing in  the  open  marl  nly  twelve  years 
to  run.  at  nof  This  syndicate  bought  them  at 
104$.  payable  thirty  yean  after  their  date. 

Carlyle  admitted,  when  he  was  I* 
theComm  ,\H  ami  Means,  that  on  the 

same  bam.  with  thirty  years  to  run.  the  market 
value  of  thene  bonds  at  the  time  when  [,,  made 
thb  ormtrart  with  thi«  I 
ll&i  In  other  words,  the  President  and  his 
Secretary  sold  these  bonds  for  |0,500.000  in 
round  numbers,  less  than  they  were  selling  for 
in  the  open  market.  Then  he  gave  a  rate  of  in- 
terest  on  the  bonds  higher  than  any  civilized 


country   in  the  world    is  paying   to-day   for  its 
I  ten    bankrupt     Egypl    has 

negotiated  her  loans  for  less  than  the  figures 
that  t!  Qt  and  In- 

to this  syndicate  of  broker>.  The  richest,  the 
grandest. and  the  proudest  country  in  the  \\..rld 

under  the  rule  of  Democracy  has  been  reduced 

to  till-  low  estate. 

-  They   have  given   a  higher  rate  ..f  ii 
than  little  \ 

•i  their  obligation-.  They  have  g 
bighei  rate  of  interest  than  the  lii  ii  i^h  \>r»\  im-es 
are  coni|>cll«l  to  pay  ;  and  y.  I  they  come  in  hen-. 
after  having  negotiated  this  secret"  loan,  ami  ask 
the  American  Congress  to  confirm  them  in  this 
contract  with  these  concessions  to  Hdim-nt  \ 

••f  New   York,   and    Rothschild    \    ' 
London.       When    President    Cleveland    penned 
that  message  and  sent  it  to  Congress  it  was  not 
for  patriotic,  but  political  |>u raises. 

••  He  wanted  to  throw  the  responsibility  upon 
Congress  of  approving  an  indefen-ible  contract 
with  this  syndicate  that  was  represented  in  the 
negotiations  by  his  former  law  partner. 

"Now,  let  us  sec  what   this   syndicate    will 
make  by  this  contract,  negotiated  'in  the  manner 
I    have   indicated.     They    make   $9,500,0<  ><  >,    m 
round  numbers,  when   the  contract  is  s 
The  President  says  they  will  make  over 
000,000  at  the  expiration  of  t  he  period  the  bonds 
run." 

<>n  Feb.  14  the  motion  for  the  engrossment 
and  third  reading  of  the  joint  resolution  was  de- 
feated by  the  following  vote : 

YKA* — Adam-  <>f  Pennsylvania.  Aldrieh.  Apsley, 
Babcoek.  Baldwin.  Barnes,  Barth  old  t,  I'. 

.t /h<  .over.  1 

hiiis,  B\num.  Cadmus,  Campbell,  Caruth,  Catching!*, 
Csusey,  Chiokering,  Clancy,  Clarke  of  Alabama, 
Cobb  of  Missouri.  Coon  -if  Florida. 

er  of   Indiana,    Cornish.    c<, \rrt.   <  t:i 
'i-.rk,    I»an 

MIL    iMirhomw,    Knglish   of    C;i 
Knliuun.   Kvcrett.  Kiel.l.  r.  K<.rin;.' 
luiiner.    (Jillet    «•}'    New    York,  (iillt-tt    • 

M,;iM.  (ir:ih:iui.  tin -shjuii,  (Jritlin  of 
Michigan,  (iront.    Haines,  Hall  of  Minne-.,t:i,   Ibun- 
inond.  Harrison.  Hayes-.  Hi  ri-lrix.  Ib-nry.  Kril'i 
ham.  1  •,,•)).   Martin  of  In«liana, 

Marvin  of  New  York.   M  of  Kentiiei 

(iann.  M.-K..  IfontgODiei  Mutcli- 

N'eil   of    Moasa* 

Paffe,  I'lisehal.    I'attiTson.  J'ii;.  :.    I'-  ll-lletou 

of  Went  Virginia.   I'iu'ott.  I'. 

Reed,  Keilly.  Ke\  I'enn 

f  Conned  •  rmer- 

• 

W.  8t":  •    "t'  Kcntu«-ky.    I; 

Stnun,  Tarsi  I  un.in, 

Updemfr,  WadsworiK. 

D  of  Went  \ 
•  '-liner.  Wright     1-"'. 
- -Adam«  of    Kentucky,    Aitken.     A! 
Alexander.  Allen.  Arnold.  A  very,  J'.ail.-\.  linker  of 
Kansa-.  Bai  Hamrmhin 

! 

Boatn.  «  alifornia.    J'.r.-t/.    Urod- 

eriek.  BromwelL,  Brooksbire,  Brown.  Bryan.  Bundy, 
Bunn.  '  •  California.'  Cannon  of 

:  •       .hart.  Clark  of  Missouri.  Col, I,  of  Ala- 

bama, t.V-krell.  <  :!:n  ofMary- 

CrawJV.rd,   Curtis 


of  Kansat,   Davis  J)<    Armond.    D.-n-on.   I);- 

!io\an.   I)oolittle.  Edmunds, 
Ellis  of  Kentucky,    Ellis  of  Oregon,  J. 


Couuoft— JATAJTW  MATTOUL) 


191 


Italic* 


»m.    «*.     trjr 

.    ...    ... 


.» . .»  — •»,  -« 

>M»J  t*  HUB*  motion  the  nest  dar  the  ru*va* 

Hit    y  ea»  ML  am  17 ;  tot  t  he  BMrfna.  Ihomgh  ooa- 

'    L     k      I    nl^kf    t«Ma«4rf  alw^f   *w» 

MtMv»     VtMl  Mt  Mr*  JoBOB  gave 

^^M^  tk^    fc^ll    M^M!    t^^i    te    ^h^^4^ 

^•of  iw  *au,  aoQ  MMI  M  aww 
;1^,t<i*i>c*»  hilK 


GSAaptS (. 

JtB     r«MU.  a.  tin- 
*>,,:,,     t-  HI 


•       U|. 

J«P«nr%r  Mattorm.— UN 

k  I  m^Jl^r    It     O»4v)W    I  B^A    O)a«M^V^VMki     &MP     M«     AB^B^MHMl^M] 

* 

»    Ott  ooe  year'i  OoCk«  hf  etther  |»- 

t.. 


, 


•       :.    ' 

lalile 
i  joint  rvaul ution  pat  *••*•* 


idol  that  thr 

onlrartinff    _         

.  pan  of  UM  lor* 
-Sayp^fcctpro. 


to  U»       rt    of 
of  UMir  rfakta.  <• 


.    .  .    .      , 

notlBa*  ••  natlr*  oHiien*  or  MMatta  •  that  Hi 

HYOT  CojtBMfd.— Jan.  83. 180&  Mr  JonoKof  ^^  ncMo  of  racidoocv,  travel.  pooMWoB  of 

•'  '                 ••     '         :    "  •  •     '  --'      '  r  ,V  •         '    '  •' 

OoBunitloc  OB  Finance,  and  rvportod  with  ^^^ 

MOMire  va« 

••'  r'  »'*'•• :  t 

V^M  *  .  Mitel  Wl  w^*i»ls  aiPi  »we  ngOT  «•  MT^H  VOTOTVI 


rnmmt     n 

J?r 

t^ 


'.  mi«l    f' 


. 


aad  ahall  be  the  lioV      of  the 

- 


mo^   VBJ 

y^**^  **  *fr*y  ^fiy^T*^  J*??  ^*  ' '  protHjf  for  the  iflHMmlty  of  the 


— tieitoi  of  the  •looun 

behalf,  andafr 
•ibhimr.  it  was  taken  ap  for 

IM-»  ;:..  r  ..  viH 


.  IT  pini in  that  there  «hmU  be  aodi»> 


LM 


CONGRESS.    (JAFAin»E  MATTERS— AKVI  MVN  M 


criminating  import  duties:  but  it*  term-  an  n«-t 
applicable  lo  sanitary  and  other  prohibitions  ,„- 
m«ar  rotation  of  persons,  of  cattle,  or 

ofpU^t.u^ful  ..... 


V  provides  that  ther   shall  be  no  dis- 
.  :>«t»«->:  and  '   pro- 

vide* tint  liter*  shall  be  cv 

dttlkw  Slid   coual    ru-ht-  \»:lh  native   cili/. 

subject*  in  all  thai  wtatai  to  warehousing,  b..un- 
Ik*.  f»  iht».  -.  and  drawbacks. 

,    Ml   -n.-  n.ited  states  Tessel*  the 
^.Japanese  ports  all  article*  that 
Jafianes*  vessels  mav  lawfully  carry,  on  lik 
:  •    •      .    .        ;  •       ,.p      !,  .  iprooal    TbeflUM 
raualitv  in  established  an  to  the  export  trade. 

Artk-'lc*  VIII  and  IX  provide  again 
inaimi;  dut.,~  tonnage,  harbor,  piL-tap-.  liKht- 
hMHtOMrantine.or  other  KimiUur  charges;  ami 
•{•Jo*  discrimination  in  tbestationinjrjoading, 
aod  unloading  of  Teasels  in  ports,  basins,  docks, 
roadsteads,  harbors,  or  rivers. 

Article  X  provides  that  each  country  exempts 
its  coasting  trade  from  the*-  slip  illations,  but 
agrees  to  grant  to  the  other  tin-  rights  L- 
to  the  cituens  or  subjects  of  any  other  count  ry. 
Vessels  of  the  United  States,  however,  ma  ;. 
cargoes  between  the  open  ports  of  Japan  during 
•  \  -'-  •    •    •  -f   ti.e    pBM  ni    tr.aty.  <  »-aka,   Ni- 
gala,  and  Ebesummato  1  ted. 

Amde  XI  makes  equitable  ami  beneficent  pro- 
TJgJoot  in  regard  to  the  refitting  of  vessels,  wrecks, 
and  salvage. 

Am.  lc  XII  defines  United  States  and  Japa- 
nese Teasels;  Article  XIII  directs  that  consuls 
shall  receive  from  local  authorities  whatever  help 
can  be  lawfully  {riven  in  recovering  deserters 
from  vessels  ;  Art  i  1<  XI  V  provides  that  each  of 
the  high  contracting  parties  shall  concede  to  the 
government,  ships,  citizens,  or  subjects  of  the 
other  any  privilege,  fav.-r.  or  immunity,  in  com- 
or  navigation,  hitherto  given  or  hereafter 


given  to  the  gov  j.jp*.  citi/ens.  <>r  HI>>- 

Kctsof  any  other  nati<  n.  th<  aim  of  each  being 
lo  place  the  other  on  ?!.-•  footing  of  the  most 
favored  nation:  and  Art  HI-  XV  pr«.\i.l.->  for  the 
appointment  of  consuls  and  consular  agent-  in 
ail  port*,  cities,  and  places, except  those  where  it 
may  not  bo  convenient  to  recognize  su<  h  ofli» -ers. 
but  such  exceptions  when  made  shall  apply  to 
all  other  nations,  and  the  consuls  and  con  MI  la  r 
agents  of  each  of  th<-  hich  contracting  parties 
shall  enjoy  all  the  privilege*.  r\<-mpti»n*,  and 
immunities  crant«-<i  to  the  consular  agents  of 
the  mart  favored  nation. 

Article  XVI  provide*  that  the  ci licensor siib- 
jects  of  each  of  the  hi- 
shall  enjoy  in  the  territories  of  th<    <>th*r  th<> 
same  t  itixens  or  subj. 

rt»p»rti  to  | «t<'tit«.  trademark^,  and  designs  upon 
the  fulfillment  of  the  formalities  prescribed  by 
law. 

XVII   provides  that  all  foreign  scttle- 
in  Japan  *hall  be  merged  into  Japanese 
munities  from  the  date  on  whi«  h  th< 
goes  into  force,  and  form  part  of  the  mm 
system  of  Japan,  mibj.  ••  t..  competent  JafMUien 
authorities;  iMMi  held  in  such  -<ttl<-m< 
perpetuity  to  U-  f-ontiniifd  on  exiMint;  t 
and  land*  granted  by  the  Japanese  Government 
;blio  purposes  free  of  rent  U-ing  reserved 
free  of  all  taxes  and  charges  for  such  purposes. 


v\  III  d.-rlatvs  that  this  treatV,  from 
tin-  day  on  which  it  pws  into  force,  shall  be 
Mib-tit  utrd  for  all  prc\  ioi.  ,  a.  h  oiu-  ,,f 

which  ally  described  :  "  Ami    from  the 

same   ilale   Mich    treat  ie*.  convent  ion^.  ari 

.  ami  agreements  shall  cease  to  be  binding. 
and.  in  coiis«'(jm-nce.  the  jurisdiction  tin  i 

by     the    courts    of    the     Tinted     M  . 

and    all    the   exceptional    privile- 

emptions,  and  immunities  then-  enjoyed   by  nil 

!  the  I'nitcd  States  as  apart  of  ,.r  appurte- 
nant to  such  jurisdiction  shall  absolutely  and 
without  notice  cease  ami  determine,  and  'there- 
after all  Mich  jurisdiction  shall  be  assumed  and 

exercised  i.\  Japanese  court*. 
Article  XIX  provides  thai  the  treaty  shall  L"> 

into  clTect    July    17.    1S!>!».   continue   for   twelve 


years,  and  cease  and  determine  at  that    ; 
on  notice  pveii  by  either  party  after  the  . 

ti.-n  of  the  eleventh  \ear. 

A  pr.-ti'col  was  added  which  provided  that 
the  e\i>tinj,r  tariff  in  Japan  on  American  goods 
shall  cease  to  be  binding  one  month  after  the 
ratification  of  the  treaty,  and  that  the  tarilT  reg- 
ulations of  the  treaty"  of  March  HI.  l^.VI.  be 
made  applicable,  nothing  in  the  protocol,  how- 
to  be  construed  as  limiting  the  ri^ht  of  the 
Japanoe  (iovcrnrnent  to  prohibit  any  importa- 
tions that  may  threaten  moral  or  sanitar 
rity.  It  regulates  also  the  terms  on  which  citi- 
zens of  the  United  States  may  visit  interior 
points  in  Japan,  pending  the  opening  of  the 
country  to  them  in  accordance  with  the  1  1 

Dec.  5,  18JM,  Mr.  L"d^e.  of  Massachusetts,  in- 
troduced in  the  Senate  the  following  resolution  : 

Retolttdi  That  the  I  'resident  be  requested,  it  ii"t 
inenmpatil.!.-  with  the  pul.ru-  interest,  f  transmit  to 

natc  all  oomspondenee  or  other  pspen  relat- 

ing  tO    the    delivery  l>\    the    l'nite«l    State-    r.,j)Mi|    at 

Shanghai  of  two  Japan*  to  the  c\\\\ 

thorities,  and  also  t«»  inform  the  Senate  whether  the 
Raid  JapaneHC  were  put  to  dcuth  utter  l>.in^  tortured  ; 
and  wlu-ther  there  was  any  nndcrstand'nur  with  tlie 
Chinese  (iovernuient  tliat  otJicers  of  the  I'nite.l  States 
should  aid,  assist,  and  iri\«  sale  eon«lnet  t->  any  .lapa- 
•  ;/en  desiring'  to  leave  ('hina:  and.  further,  to 
inform  the  Senate  whether  the  I'nited  8l 
nt  Hutikow  WSS  reprimanded  by  Chinese  ollieial*  f<,r 
aiding  Japanese  eiti/.  -n-  t"  leave  the  eonritrv.  ainl 
whetlier  all  information  was  refused  to  the 
States  consul  at  NmiL'po  when  he  made  in«|iiirie8  as 
to  the  chaiycH  against  eertain  Japanese  eitizcna  ar- 

The  resolution  was  referred  to  the  Coin! 
on    Foreign    Delations  after  a  brief   di>-«  •;. 
reported  back,  and  |.a—  <-d  :  an<l   in  due  time  the 
COirCP|>ondence  was  submitted. 

Armcniiui  >I.i-..ci-e..  h  c.  11.  l^'.U.  in  re- 
sponse to  a  resolution  of  the  Senate  a-kin^  for 
information  as  to  the  in  Armenia,  the 

President  sent  the  following  message: 
TotkeSenat.  -><tt<>*: 

I  have  received  a  copv  of  the  following  rev 

-tant: 

'r<,l.  That  tlie  Tresi-lent  be  re.ni«Med.  if  in 
his  judgment  it  be  not  incompatible  with  the  public 
interest,  to  communicate  to  the  Senate  any  int<  rma- 
tion  he  msy  have  received  in  regard  to  alleged  <  ru.l- 
i«.n  Armenians  in  Turkey,  and 
especially  whether  any  sueh  <-ruelties  have  been 
committed  upon  <  •  )iave  declared  their 

intent:  -ue  naturalized  in  thin  country,  or 

upon  pernon*  because  of  their  }H:'\H^  chri-tian». 

44  And  further,  to  inform  the  Senate  whether  any 


jjf*>**»y  kb  frmrt  *»|K*t  ••  to  ik*  IIHJMM  wt4 


I  m^m  ••.  tflfcA  k  !•  Mk        ««^ wrt»  <^  ** ^I^Mtf    M  «^  A^t^f^mi^^M  •&  «^^^  M« 

^S  » ^^K  »  WT^tK^  tw  UM  ^MHHftW  WMI  VHMWJMV  BP  •••  Jl  r . 

»  -  -          ^ftffvfe^^^     ^wtf     A^    iK  ^^^^ 

. 

' 


cgagaBraa»a±    -rjafS.— 


M4  te  MM  tofe«M  «T 
ItwItMUMjraoteA 


';'•',      '   .     ;       •  •'    •     '   -•        '••  -        -     --  -          -• 

VMBMI  VNV  ••••••  W  VMOMM  ••MffvllCM  Ml  VHP      |,i_   |» «*   &*.MM&|    M>^>^A«M   tn  ik^  ^^J»     •^••la    -*-  — 

,    „„., ,    ^4...   »._.|  _  .4^ v.  «_     ••*  l^*  •••••  »^M§»  i  ^nj—^^mamj.  imm 

W  wpow  "*jr  pBtvooB  wwo  MH  •  f*^»i  ••     fjf«^  MfitMB  Mwi  Vvtt^i^^fe  ndW  IBM^  ^Mtt^to  ^  to 

I!M  bo«ukian«»  lo  (VWodl  r  MMlntfiaA— W  ••rfeMti « 


ll.,«a.i         i 


^UMtttA    rli^(*t*^^Ml    A     r«^v>lMtU^>    «kf    I^M^MBV    I 
T  K.  • -  i«M>«»t»»  MMktBlM^I  (•>   tl»A   •^^nJ^l«M>  A/  tk^       IMHBIW   Ui^BViBMI    •    rlVOVlHjnW    Of    UwVXrT    ••    *B 

•MMI  intiBSrS  •TSKTu  ^aJtuTjitiiMtoJii     tfct  wilkdmw^  .  '  -J  Sui««w  tlupk  • 

^jAfwl*  •  n^nln L^MI  AftffvurfMtf  MH I^VA!  te^  ft  r*^K» 
•^nocrfl    •  IUI  OUMr  \*AIWIMB      ^^»^*^^  •  V^^IMVIM^  MBWMH  MiHHMMiWH^  •  iv^^ 


bv  ik«  Tvriibk  GOVMVMMM  IknMkfk  crnr  wiabtvr  oo    HUH?  7  till   ?»Htii  ftlalM  TIT  JSniL    Tkr 

wiui  •  i         iMi  camaawMoa  it    in  ^Hl^Viv  UMW     •^.M.  • .» 


|        •  |     ft,,  ,,.      |,L          — .     -,,-     ,,t  »l»k»i^i.  i    LB^^M^    ^_1*^*^4^«  ^   ll^a 

tW  imin.Mti  »i^W  to  tW  f^» ^wm    Ibr •  ••fc«Mrt«»  *dq«.«f»  JU. Lt> j» bMi Ear C^. 


U/\  iM^«ttiOT«a 

^   _     ^,^1 


toamortlwimiM**  "  -^      -    111     1    Till    fil     ••»  fll    HMI 

T  aboTv  raciwil  avr  iMw^bivAiv  !•  Ivt  wMMt  k  !•!•  MJMVV  I^M  OB^HHM  flbv  ite  ^ta 

wonuaii,  OTDVCMJIIT  wmNvi  uw  ••«•••  vm  ••••  w  vwm  ••  M>  •MVIITIBW  HM 

.Ttlw    mnVMni  k»J  •••!•.!  i.?  wjiniiiiii  db^  fwMwJ  »  ••    mll  «U    i 


pnpwi 

AfBHWHH\  TOljfwl  MkV4 

V   M.     \\\V.—  13    A 


CONGRESS.    (Till  SEAL  Quisnow.) 


between  th*  H.wsiisn  snd  British  nsgo- 
tthr»  d*  *rist.nc.  oo  the  put  of  II..  ... 


Con*r«as  U  dlrsetod 

siaftmsat  trrmatn-r1  In  •  communiomoB 
to  tt»  Hawaiian  Government  by  Uu 


for  ths  sovereignty  of  sny 
simply  for  the  purpose  of 

"taTof  the  dispatehss  from  our  minister, 
an  submitted,  not  only  refer  t 
aottntohaWtedisland  bsloogingtoHu«»     tui  ...» 
itet awing  inlbnnation  concerning  recent  occur- 
in  that  country  sn.l  it*  political  and  social  con- 

This  information  b  valuable  because  it  in 

bassd  upon  the  observation  and  knowledge  neces- 
sarily within  the  scope  of  the  diplomatic  duti.-.-. 
wh&  are  intrusted  solely  t-  <>f  thi-  in- 

..     ....         ....       ;'•'•!  MMOlbtj  th.   Dated 

I  hope  the  Congress  will  see  fit  to  grant  the  request 
of  th*  Hawaiian  Government,  snd  that  our  consent  to 
th*  proposed  leas*  will  be  promptly  accorded.  It 
muni  to  me  we  ought  not  bv  a  refunsl  of  this  request 
to  stand  in  the  wsv  of  the  advantages  to  be  gained  by 
isolated  Hawaii  through  telegraphic  eonmiuni.  iitimi 
with  the  net  of  the  world,  especially  in  v  i.-w  ..t  tin- 
fact  that  our  own  communication  with  tliut  «>untry 
would  thereby  be  greatly  improved  without  apparent 
to  any  legitimate  American  interest. 

GaovER  CLEVELAND. 


The  Senate  did  not  act  on  this  sugp-n.-n 
further  than  to  add  to  an  appropriation  bill  a 
provision  for  an  American  cable  line  to  Hawaii. 

Tfc«  Seal  (Question.— The  Bering  Sea  ques- 
"  under  various  forms ;  but 


there  WM  A  teat  rote  on  the  payment  of  damages 
M  to  the  Government  of  Great  Britain  under  the 
agreement  reached  by  eichange  of  notes  of  Aug. 
tl.  18K  in  full  satisfaction  of  all  demands  for 
damages  against  the  I'nited  States  growing  out 
..f  the  controversy  between  the  two  governments 
as  to  the  fur  seals  in  Bering  Sea  under  the  award 
and  finding*  of  the  tribunal  of  arbitration  at 
Paris,  §425.000. 

Mr.  Brrddaiidfe, Of  Kentucky.  moved  to  in- 
clude that  item  in  the  general  deAefaooy  appro- 
priation lull,  and  said  in  regard  to  the  claims 
made  bv  the  owners  of  sealing  vessels : 

-These  vessels  sailed  under  the  British  flag 
and  were  seized  outside  of  the  8-mile  limit. 
which  covered  the  jurisdiction  of  th 
Government.  It  was,  however,  expressly  under- 
stood that  the  Hti/,-i,-!.ip  of  the  owners  of  the 
vesatli  and  the  actual  damage  done  should  l*> 
left  open  for  litigation  and  settlement  between 
the  two  contra*  -  hat  the  only 

question  left  by  the  arbitrators  is  the  assessment 

- 1  believe  that  I  have  stated  the  general  case 
exart  I  will  gladly  be  corrected.  The 

-i  minister  file*!  Haim*  amounting  to  $542,- 
000.  reserving  the  privilege  of  filing  additional 
claim*,  and  proposed  to  hare  them  settled  by  a 

ntion  of  arbitrators.    Of  these  clain. 
alleged   that  a  certain  amount,  somewhat  in 


doubt,  l.ut  I  iH-lievo  somewhere  about  $300,000, 

r  \vliat  i»  called  consequential  damages. 
I  I >on  none  of  these  clai  11 1>  ha-  n 

added.    So    that  wo  wen    in    tin-    condition : 

There  was  a  judgment  against  us,  with  nothing 
ut    the  assesMiK'tit    of  damages.     Tl,.  n- 

were  claims  <.f  $542,000,  with  interest  fn 

Mid    \arioi|H   Mtli.T  datrs.    up   to   1889,  I    I 

n.. in-  hit rr  than  1890,  so  that  the  averagi   tun. 
\*..iiid  in- ai-'ii!  ili<   beginning  of  January,  188^ 

and   the   right  to  file  additional  claims  • 

•mount 

these  claims  were  many  for  fal>.-  im- 
prisonni.nl.   and    these  an-   still   ..pen   to    addi- 
tional rlaiins.     The  sum  that   was  agreed  upon 
is  $425,000.     If  w,-  admit  that  this  $aOO.o< 
disputed  claim,  and  that  there  are  no  new  claim! 

to  DO  added,  it  would  stand  that  WO  owe  al-mil 
$227,000,  j.ractically  undisputrd.  on  \\hirh  we 
have  to  calculate  Interest  for  seven  years 
6  percent.  :  and  when  to  the  amount  so  found 
we  add  the  half  of  the  amount  in  dispute,  it 
it,  either  at  4  or  at  6  per  cent.,  a  larger 
sum  than  the  sum  agn-rd  upon. 

"If  judgment  is  obtained  against   us.   under 
what  seems  to  me  to  be  a  rule  we  can  n 
escape,  it  will  I.e.  with  interest,  over  * ; 
for  if  we  admitted  through   Mr.  Bluinc  that  it  is 
a  proper  rule  by  which  damages  should  be  as- 
sessed, a  rule  that  we  then  admitted,  and.  rep- 
resenting a  great  Government  desiring  to  do 
justice  and  not  to  higgle  upon  small  m.v 

do  not  See  now  how  We   can    raise   that    (jiiotion 

over  again.  We  admitted,  through  the 
tary  of  State  and  the  President  of  the  In  it.  <1 
States,  that  this  was  the  rule  when  we  had  a 
chance  to  win.  It  will  hardly  be  becoming  in 
us.  now  that  we  have  lost,  to  say  that  was  not 
the  proper  rule ;  that  *  it  was  a  good  rule  \\  hen 
we  thought  we  were  going  to  win  and  you  were 
to  pay  us  money,  but  it  is  a  bad  rale  when  we 
have  lost  and  we  are  to  pay  you  the  money.' 

"  This  will  be  a  humiliating  position  in  'which 
to  put  our  Government,  ana  for  one  I  will  not 
assume  the  responsibility  of  putting  my  country 
in  such  a  position,  nor  will  I  be  a  party  tin  reto. 
Let  others  do  this  if  they  so  please,  and  to  have 
such  judgment  made  by  arbitrators,  and  having 
arbitrators,  will  cost  us  not  less  than  $150,000, 
perhaps  more,  in  addition.  This  Paris  arbitra- 
tion cost  us  $224,000,  and  when  we  add  the  it.  m- 
together,  the  claims  that  are  beyond  doubt  just 
H  fair  compromise  as  to  the  part  t  hat 
is  in  dispute,  the  intcrot  on  the  debts  due.  the 
H  "f  the  arbitration,  we  shall  -< -t  ..IT  by 
this  payment  by  a  very  much  smaller  sum  than 
in  any  other  way.  And.  in  addition  to  that,  we 
.it  once  a  matter  that  is  a 

"  It  seems  to  me  that  it  is  not  a  bad  b;. 
And   upon  broader  grounds,  when  we  conn-  to 
settle  what  we  owe,  when  the  money  is  fc 
persons  who  have  been  wronged  by  us — b« 
whatever  the  law  may  be  in  our  judgment,  we 
have  submit  ted  it  to  the  arbitrament  of  this  tri- 
bunal, and  that  question  ha-   he.  n  decided,  that 
we  have  wronged  these  peoph — it  do*-  not  be- 
come us  to  whine  about  it.    It  does  not  become 
us  to  go  down  to  the  tavern  and  denounce  the 
judge,  as  litigants  sometimes  do  who  lose  and 
have  no  appeal.     Our  duty  and    our  pleasure 
ought  to  be  in  a  spirit  of  international  court<  sy 


And  fpMVftl  IrinMM,  having  raw  bed  A  «oncl»»    tofMtrf  A*  half  < 
*  i.,  4   in  ..wiu  bjr 

•Hlfo    ll.t.    mUlrr  aftd    «»|-    »    off    ib.    b«A,  I!.       :  •    U  ».. 


. 
At  hi 


*»f     tl  ^M^VtaM^*flrtlft        tit     ItllAf^Mt      iKml     it 

*»1     MMMMJ^W^  'i     •m»»M'fWMMj     ••MB)*     »» 

W 


nan.. n."    That    WATT**  nothing  for  tb*  wot*, 
lo  MoioUUMDMt  aotouoo  of  UM  <MA» 


MMoffgAMB.    BolHiMcowiudldBot 
ov»  MM.    What 


r  UiUMAJWihMAt|MM*f»a<  UMchAmotar  WM«  UM  »i 

rrUiMt:  UMOhAfmMdf      ThrJT  **  « 

.irman.  UMygyriAiioA  ajfed  f  <*  ThoMOf  Ii  Cooper.  j/jKJA  J»*frK  bring  M 

ww?» utiMwIid frqAi  filrkMg ***  £•  MVptoVMorKAMdvbMi  ihT^ctt^ST'ot 

l«  1^1  1 I.-  i«rv«t  ltr:'*m.  Awd  by  that  DM  wbolt  nWt  un  UMMOTIMMB 

J  UAttnftJaJaJy  OB*. 

for  grotty  AMMMMjMd  rhiini*,  in  Mft  fur  eoJM  MOffflnMv  on  UM  ship*  A!  V*gft  ftjput*  to 


Md   Warm,  w^  tWi.  .U.  thl. 


ih|*nf.*onirtght  fmiMU.«H^UdrlAim.of  MM  OOOOAT  bought  UM  Alpc    TW  MM  did 

BrtUM)  M)ojwu^  out  MAUJT  owonirt Ag  lo  A  M^r*  not  wvn  know  UM  AAMOWT  or  MMAM  of  UM  MHM) 

tAMM*  who  ihoAid  b»  PAnlMMd  for  tioUJ-  wb^  be  0v*  bto  UAlMonr. 

E    MM    r  Mtn   '    U--     '      '     1    >     :         I       ,'      -      •-  ii       -...-.    :    -      ,-  ••-,-•, 

hrWf  UM  AAtoi»  of  UMM  rUimc    TW  whob  but   t..M  W«moj  lo  DAT  fc  foe  bt«;  AM!  ho 

to,t^_t    i 
•«    wvAVoVV  vMR|  v/wvMiAWAWf    VoloVoMiV^  *       ' 


........-,     ..•'-,  .  •        .    .  •     .  - 

•AIM  of  all  bb  cuT»-*  TAM  MM  lo  Mjr  for    U  «b>^.   tmniMg  |MMM  <•••*•  for 

^^.1     -_  |      fr^^MA^t        *•">-- »fcw»     »•>•»     M^k_         •> ,X.«M.        t  **-  --  •  —  *  '     *^ >•—   *^ * 

MMMM  MM   IfWW  I       I  ••  MMI   WHO  WVfW   d «••      in*  MUEVIV  Of  UMM  MMB)  WMMI  MBUT  MMMMA) 

hAtf  UMM  otelMUUMHoM  oWk    UOA  to  pS3y  •IllPlirlil  Md  fMHinAAJ.  jp  IMP 


i  dO-    UM  to  Mtity  •lahnriil  Md  f^rt 
••  art    MX  to  &•  MMMA  of  fov  tfUv  of 


ii 


BAI    • JAW  Abanhiioty  hiadiAg  upon  UMM.    W«  Mrvod  M  UM  MM  of  rtrmw  to 

.IA!  tianiAgM  lo  •  British  who  tMtiSM  that  b*  ha*  no  ii 

•!^Mtrim»UMdAeMk«of  UM  PArwirilmiud  iniif" 

tfaridtrati  •  Lhoi  --  hwi  i   I  vWI  U  i    ••         HM   11   M  nto  Lbyavo*     fW 


ufUMiHBi»limil,ifw«MiatorwAnihim  1  It  JTMA.  to  inetod*  UM  HAM  M  UM 
of  froM  MoUAf  UMTV;  hot  not  »  « 

«rtMbJ»rt                aw.  and  «  <    |.?  right— Marrb  f  th«  HOMO  of  B«AVA> 

had  a  la*  forbidding  amling  in  thoM  WAI**,  UUvS »wpa«M  UM  ruU.  aod  DAMad  -  A  M* 

JnAltAd  rf  H4ng  twlmtd  to  mimgr  thty  tHi^iH  In  •maud  Mfitino  JMI.  ihnrt^r  l.THb  lrX,**f 'K 

trd  And  flMd.    tbrr  arc  only  KtvMid  HUI«l««  of  UM  I  nitM  HlAtaa  lOrttef 


•otitUd  to  pMJrfiMMil     Thry  •hould  go,  nu  to 
th*  Tr*«  i     I 

-WlMt^UMMcUniMt    TlMMWr  , 

«mt  to  wtdinMhi  in  BtrincSM.  which  ii 

AM    I.  J  W    .i.l«A  »•••.  ^•l^Jf 

•  •  . 


•-•  nmiMU.    TWi  AT*  All    UM  «u»  of  any  awf. 
baT,D~owi»dbTBrUiata»b>cta.    J-**-*-  r^.^ 

f  ^.«    «^  W^»    «kl«^   I«A»^    I^^M«k    m«4«4^tfl      vO^OJOAj  Cv  UM  OMOJ 
rvn   a«itir«i 

•MOIL  Making  SO  in  %!!•     A*  a  maiirr  of  tnith, 

TV*0  roil  own.rTk^Tlf  UMJ  MM  UMM  ahipa 
into  Bering  *A  it  wa.  a  riolaik*  of  UM  tawtof 


•rrvthe  h 

oul.l    n*4  mr» 

,  >».•  fij_-_. i 

owww  pvi  rovwwn 


i1*^*  *"  'jf  '"J'*%f  wJM  MMI  •••jMi  wvn  InMM  M 
M)o»    .  «-^L>  iW  !•«  ^  MMBM*  tw  ^^M  ^  w*  ^  ^i^^Mt 


iRESS.    (8wp«UBWO!i  or  LOTTEBY  TiArric.) 


That  la  the  ease  of  anjMMh  infHafMMOt  by  a  new»- 
1  the  tout  MUD  to  be  recovered 


infrinmd 

•If  of  all  the  JbNfQinc  penalty  »hall 
Urn  pcoprlHof*  of  the  copyright  aiiJUic  other 
i  tfia  IM*  of  the  t'nlloii  Htetas. 

t,A^*wr,  In  throve  of  any  ^ 


.:.  .......  .-•-..:••  .-..;     n  i  ••  ••  m  inj 

.         .      •    :       •    ...,•••...•-.•'.     >    .'       '          •     T.         x.l.-l 
.  •  ....    -,.,••-••..          •-.'•- 

metttt  *•!!  h*  DOlW 

r*r*M  /***">,  In  cai*  of  any  MU-)I  in- 
•  •  rijrht  ofa  ps  DI  ng,  drawing, 

raviiur.  etcfctaf  ,  print,  or  model,  or  dwlgn 
ofta«*ru,oror«pb<HofTmph'M) 
tin*  art*.  the  nun  to  be  recovered  in  HI.  v 
•.vbionsof  Uib  Metioi. 
not  be  I«M  than  $*0  and  not  more  than  $10,000." 

Mr.  Covert,  of  New  York,  said  in  explanation 

,  ,f  ;  :,,   •;,.  SjOm  ; 

-  Mr.  Speaker,  the  objects  and  purposes  of  this 
measure  may  be  very  concisely  stat.-d.  It  i-  in- 
tended to  reroedv  a  gross  r\  il  which  has  grown 
up  umli  T  the  existing  statute.  i  in-  provisions  of 
which  have  brought  about  result*  which  I  am 
vonrsure  were  not  contemplated  when  t  In 
rignt  law  was  enacted  some  years  ago.  'Hie 
onlefest  injury  inflicted  in  the  enforcement  <>f 
the  statute  as  'it  stands  has  been  and  is  suffered 
by  the  newspaper  press  of  every  section  of  the 
country.  Under  conditions  as  tin  -y  exist  to-day, 


if  any  newspaper  shall,  through  «.\«T-iu'lit  or 
otherwise,  mibli-h  in  its  columns  anv  copyrighted 
photograph.  th«.  n.  wspaper  mav  be  m'ade  not 
only  to  forfeit  the  plates  of  such  copy,  but  the 
sum  of  $1  for  every  copy  in  its  possession. 

"And  just  here  comes  in  'the  ununtiripated 
wrong  and  injury  inflicted  upon  the  newspaper 
prets  under  t  he  exist  ing  law.  1  call  latt.  -ntum  to 
the  phraseology  of  the  statute  establishing  penal- 
ties for  'copies  found  in  possession/  Without 
question  the  intention  was  to  have  th 
apply  solelv  to  lithographic  prints  HIM!  toother 
prints  of  that  character  whi-n-  the  issue  or  pro- 
duction was  comparatively  limited.  The  courts, 
however,  have  placed  their  own  const  ruction 
upon  tin-*  provision  of  the  statute.  Ti,.-y  have 
h«  Id  that  newspapers  are  liable  to  th.  penalty 
named,  limit.  .1  only  in  extent  by  the  (imitation 
reached  by  them  :  that  is  to  say,  that  the  phrase- 
ology. 'copies  found  in  pOOMMOoV  im-nns  the 
copies  of  the  newspapers  printed  and  circulated. 

"I  hi»\e  no  critici-m  to  mak-  .  Mr.  ^i  ..  aker, 
upon  this  construct  ion  of  the  statute.  I  am  in- 
oftsjod  to  believe  that  it  -,-  the  only  oottftmotioa 
that  can  properly  be  given  to  jt.  Hut  it  is  here 
that  the  wrong  comes  in.  and  it  is  the  purpose 
of  thi*  measure  to  remedy  the  wrong  bv  a  modi- 
fication of  th<  extreme  penalties  established.  I 
may  ml«l  in  thi«  connection  that  the  courts  hare 
further  held  that 
even 


er  held  that  the  penalties  may  be  exacted 
when  the  fact  that  the     icture  has  been 


an  very  readily  be  seen  how,  under  con- 
ditions  like  these,  it  is  more  than  hazanlous  for 
a  newspaper  to  produce  illustrations  as  a  part  of 
newsartide*  r.  T  :.'ty  events.  It  is 

the  freshness,  the  early  publication  of  illustrated 
news  articles,  which  give  them  value  and  impor- 
tance. It  matters  little  how  conscientious  a 


newspaper  publisher  may  be,  or  how  careful  may 

IK-  lu>  meiliixl.s  in  ih.  Time  i>  the  es- 

sence of  the  iiialt.-r  111  hi>  ease.  In  tin-  hutn  of 
the  preparation  ami  piil>lienli<>n  <.f  an  illu- 

article  \i"l.m<.n-  of  the  «-xi>tinj;  statute 
may  be  made  by  the  •  . I  ami  reputable 

of  publishers,  Penaltiefl  aggrcpitini;.  under  the 
eotislruetion  <,f  th,'  |  mentioned. 

.in  h  more  than  was  contemplate. I 
the  present  law  was  enacted  may  be  sued  for  and 
recove 

"Any  number  of  i  may  be  cited   in 

support    of    this    Matement.     One    of   tin 
stances  may  siiiliee  as  an  illustration  and  an  ob- 
jeet   lesson.     One  of  the  leading  metropolitan 
journals,  through  an  oversight    mi   the  j 
one  of  its  employees,  printed  a  jiieture  of  a  pleas- 
ure yacht  from  a  copyrighted  photograph,  tin 
regular  price  of  \\hieh.  including  the  license  to 
print,  was  only  $1.     Suit  has  been  brought  and 
is  now  pending  to  recover  from   the  pr'.j,ri.-t..rs 
of  the  newspaper  $817.<Kx>,  the  penalties 

ing  upon  the  total  number  of  the  editi«»n>of  the 
paper  in  which  the  picture  appeared.  Nothing 
need  be  added,  it  seems  to  me,  to  establish  the 
existence  of  the  wrong  here  sought  to  be  cor- 
rooted 

"The  measure  now  before  the  House  makes 
no  change  in  the  existing  law  except  to  moder- 
ate the  rigor  of  its  penalties.     The  pur; 
not  by  any  means  to  free  infrinp-rs  of  copyright 
from  substantial  and  proper  penalties  for*  their 
wrongful  acts.     It   provides  that  in  case  of  any 
infringement  of  the  copyright  of  a  photograph 
made  from  any  object  not  a  work  of  the  fine 
arts,  the  sum  to  be  recovered  in  any  acti<>; 
be  not  less  than  $100  nor  more  than  $5,(M" 
the  case  of  a  painting,  statue,  print,  or  design 
for  a  work  of  the  line  arts,  or  an  infrini. 
of  the  copyright  of  a  work  of  the  line  arts,  tin- 
penalty  shall  be  not  less  than  $250  and  not  more 
than  $10,000. 

I  U-g  to  say,  in  conclusion,  Mr.  Speaker,  that 
this  measure  has  the  stn.n^  indorsement  of  t  he- 
American  Publisher-  tion,  which  car- 
n.  -tly  asks  its  enactment.  The  Amcricai, 
right  League  and  the  Authors'  Association  join 
in  the  concession  that  the  modification  I  have 
outlined  should  be  made,  and  this  amendment 
meets  their  entire  approval. 

"With  the  .-ibsolute  assurance  that  this  meas- 
ure is  in  every  way  u  con 
modification  of"  the  existing  statute.  I  earnestly 
ask  that  it  may  be  enacted  into  law." 

The  Senate   passed   the  measure  on  the  same 
day  and  it  was  approved  by  the  Preside  nt. 

xnppr,  —  ion  of  Lotterj  Tnifllc.      March   1. 
1885,  the  House  of   I  [ended 

the  rule-  and  passed,  with  amendment >.  t! 
M    for   the    suppression   of    lottery 
through  national  and   int.  >•  and 

the  postal  s  jeot  to  the  jurisdiction  and 

laws  of  the  t'nited  States: 

fif  it  ff  !.o  .-hall  oai 

to  be  hmuirht  within  the  I  nited  Mat  •>  irom  ul.r 
'  '•«.»•  of  disposing  ••ftl.-  ;<-po8 

in  «r  carried  by  the  mail*  <•!  the  lnit«l   S< 
Carrie* I  fr"i  -her  in  tin-  l'nit« 

any  pnp»-r.  eertifie:tte.  or  instrument  jiurj^trt  • 
(<r  representing  a  ticket,  ej  , 

:..-mlent  upon  the  event  of  u  lottery,  no-call 
jrift  coneert.  "r  -irnilur  enterprise,  offering  pr 


UJCHL      (fUtttVTftt     iiu»f»~-Vt  A»ttlft«rfU*    Aftff    frffff    U 


.   : 


I 

i.M4  IW  pfui 
5X7  UN 


TL«  MM**t' 
UM«f  1 


.,,   J^M-  !   •.»..    f     .    HM 


r  i<li^«hi  dhyd  <<  fc»  MIJT  psr^ 

BBB.  W  MM  IMI  tUMM  ••  MMMMM 


i-  •  ih. 

•kant*  at 

at  il»«  L'ft^tal  Hi^b«L.  to  tK* 

M»J  i  f  MM  lbnMr.  or 

J  >^ck 
**     ^^^^ 


CONGRESS.    (MILITARY  PARKS.) 


spoliation  by  the  invading  army.  In  that 
lamation  be  simply  reiterated  what  the  law  of 
nations  has  always  maintained,  namely,  that 
when  hostilities  are  in  progress  all  insti'tutions 
of  this  character  should  fc  spared  if  possible 

,*  true  that  the  exigencies  of  war  may 
sometimes  necessitate  the  occu|  i.e  de- 

struction of  such  institutions,  but  tin-  i*  not 
that  caw.  On  Hunter's  raid  his  men  camped  on 
the  grounds  of  this  university,  and.  under  the 
license  which  sometimes  prevails  when  soldier* 
are  in  ramp,  contrary  to  his  orders  some  of  his 
men  entered  these  buildings  and  destroyed  this 

-Now.' sir.  it  being  a  legal  duty  on  the  part  of 
the  Government  to  compensate  .such  institutions 


for  damages  inflicted  in  this  way.  it  being  our 
legal  d-iiy  by  force  of  the  proclamation  of  our 
own  President,  it  being  a  moral  duty  on  our 
part  to  repair,  as  well  as  we  can.  the  injury  that 
wa*  done  to  this  institution,  it  seems  to  me  that 
we  ought  as  well  jiatriotically  to  vote,  this  money 
unanimously.  We  have  done  it  in  the  case  of 
William  and  Mary  Coll.  ^  .  which  was  a  case  less 
deterring  than  that  of  this  institution. 

i  institution  wns  the  |>et  of  the  Father  of 
his  Country.  George  Washington  himself  do- 
nated to  it  a  fund  now  equal  to  the  sum  of 
$50,000,  the  annual  interest  of  which  at  6  per 
cent  is  paid  by  the  State  of  Virginia  t«.  this  in- 
stitution. I  hope,  sir.  there  will  not  be  a  single 
Tote  or  voice  raised  on  this  floor  against  this 
I. ill.  f<.r  it  is  right  and  proper  that  we  should 

pa>-  U." 

Mr.  Reed,  of  Maine,  said  in  criticism  of  the 


-  I  do  not  purpose.  Mr.  Speaker,  to  occupy  the 
five  minutes  which  have  been  given  me  by  the 
gentleman  from  Missouri.  My  only  purpose  is  to 
state  what  seems  to  me  to  be  sound  sense  in  con- 
nection with  this  matter,  for  from  the  indica- 
tions which  have  already  appeared  it  is  evident 
that  this  question  is  to  be  considered  upon  senti- 
ment and  not  upon  reason  and  wisdom. 

"The  bill  for  the  relief  of  the  William  and 
Mary  College  passed  the  last  Congress.  It  was 
up  many  years  ago.  It  was  then  carefully  de- 
bated and  carefully  considered;  and  in  a  Demo- 
cratic House  the  bill  had  been  refused  passage 
on  account  of  its  probable  consequences.  With- 
out  discussion,  without  examination,  it  was 
paesed  by  the  last  Congress  and  was  signed  by 
the  President.  In  my  Judgment,  the  passage  of 
thai  act  was  a  great  mistake.  In  my  jndgt 
also,  it  never  would  have  passed  if  there  had 
been  that  opportunity  for  discussion  which  a 
great  question  like  that  really  demand 
wonld  this, even  if  there  is  involved  in  it  a 
mental  feeling  which  we  might  have  toward  a 
college  bearing  the  name  of  the  Father  of  his 
rv.  ev.n  if  then-  had  been  added  to  it  the 
name  of  the  general  who  commanded  the  rebel 
forcesduringthe  war.  That  M-ntirnental  feeling  is 
very  natural;  but  the  principle  involved,  in  my 
judgment,  is  something  that  we  can  not  afford 
to  san 

tr  is  a  dreadful  thing:  it  is  barbarism 
and.  as  a  great  general  has  said,  can  not  be  re- 
fined. But  whoever  provokes  war  must  be  pre- 
pared to  take  the  consequences  of  war,  and, 
among  other  consequences,  even  the  lawlessness 


of  the  troops  who  are  engaged.  And  while  tin-re 
may  be  every  effort  to  save  institutions  of  learn- 
ing". iMtftaaoni  of  charity,  librai  a  -s.  and  other 
of  that  sort,  nevertheless  no  nation  can 
alTonl  to  adopt  the  doctrine  that  all  injuries  of 

that  class  are  to  be  oompeiuhted  \\lun  tin    war 

i.  because  such  inju:  ;  out   in  «... 

I. road  a  fashion  that  in>  nation  ought  to  think  of 
endeavoring  to  liquidate  claims  arising  on  that 
At, 

"The  passage  of  this  bill  will  he  a  j.r.  .-.-d.-nt 
in  addition  tO  thai  air-  i-hed  and 

is  now  ipioted.  a-  I  prophesied  it  would  be  if  the 
bill  pas-ed.     This  is  an  additional   precedent   to 

••  d  for  granting  compensation  for 
kind  of  injury  that  took  place  and  a  great  dial 
of  injury  that  did  not  take  place  during  the 
Southern  rebellion.  We  ought  not  t<>  paw  tin- 
bill.  We  ought  not  to  establish  the  principle. 
Whenever  war  is  made  the  con-  ..f  tin- 

war  must   be  taken.    They  arc  not  subjects  of 
recompense." 

The  rules  were  suspended,  and  the  mcjisu re- 
was  passed  and  duly  approved  by  tin  President. 

Military  Parks.— The  Congress  passed  and 
the  President  approved  two  measures  for  mili- 
tary narks.  One  was  for  such  a  park  at  Shiloh, 
as  follows : 

Be  it  enacted,  etc..  That  in  order  that  the  armies  of 
the  Southwest  which  served  in   the  civil   war.  like 
their  comrades  of  the   Kastcrn   armies  at  (lettysburtf 
and  those  of  the  central  West  at  Chickamauga.  may 
have  the  history  of  one  of  their  inemoruhU-  battle* 
preserved  on  the  ground  where  they  fought,  the  bat-, 
tleficld  of  Shiloh,  in  the  State  of  Tonne*.*  > 
declared  to  be  a  national  military  park,  \\  i 
title  to  the  same  shall  have  been  ucuuircd   by  the 
United  States  and  jurisdiction  over  the  Inn*. 
roads  of  the  same  shall  have  been  ^ranted   t<>  the 
I'nitcd  States  by  the  State  of  Tennessee ;  that  is  to 
say.  the  area  inclosed  by  the  following  lines,  or  so 
much  thereof  as  the  c.,mmi*Hont  :-  k   may 

deem    necessary,  to  wit:    Beginning    at   Ion 
murk  on  the  north  bank  of  .  k  \\lnn    it 

empties  into  the  Tennessee  river :  •  anlly 

in  a  straight  line  to  the  point  when  the  river  nwl  to 
Crum]*  Landing,  Term.,  crocs-  .thence 

•long  the  channel  <>r  BnakeereektoOwl  «T.  .  k  ;  tin-nee 
along  tin-  channel  of  Owl  <-rcek  to  the  crowing  of 
I  to  Purely.  Tenn. ;  thence  southwardly  in  a 
straight  line  to  the  intersection  of  an  east  and  west 
line  drawn  from  the  point  where  the  road  to  Ham- 
burg, Tenn.,  crosses  Lick  creek,  near  the  mouth  of 
tin-  latter:  t:  A  art!  along  the  said  east  and 

MI-    t-»    the    point    where    the    Hamburg 
crosses  Lick  creek  ;  thence  along  the  channel  ot  I.i,  k 
ep-i-k  to  the  Tennessee  river;  thence  ul<  r 
mark  of  the  Tennessee  river  to  the  j-oint  of  be^inninjr. 
containing  8.000  acn-«.  more  or  !••>>.  an<l  the  ana  thtm 
..11  be  known  as  tl  '  ..-i.-iml  Mill 

:-..rk. 

SEC.  2.  That  the  establishment  of  t)ie  Shiloh  Na- 
tional Military  I'ark  shall  bccarrie-1  t«ru:ir<i 
the  control  and  direction  of 

-u  the  passage  of  this  act,  sha 
title   t<»   the   same   either   under   the   act    ap- 
Aii(/.  1.  I1--*,  entitled  "  An   Act   to  aiithori/o 
the  condemnation  of  land  f « •?  .i.ii.-  Luiid- 

ings,  and  for  other  purposes,"  or  under  tin-  a- 1  ap- 
•  '.titled  "An  Act  to  estal.li.-h 
and  protect  national  <•< meteries,"  as  he  may 
and  as  title  is  procured  to  any  jx-rt'x.n  ot  the  lands 
and  roads  within  the  b-tral  bomoariei  '•;'  the  park  he 
tnav  proceed  with  the  establishment  <>f  the  park  upon 
sucn  portions  as  may  thus  be  tic'juind. 

Sic.  8.  That  the  Secretary  of  War  in  hereby  au- 


OOXGRKHH.    (UiLtTAftf  !'».. 


- 


**+*  t»  ««i«fj«»j^ liLaTulJu  * 

•WMM  •V^i*  «*  IMMtoof  Ut«  UJ*1*  •»  MM)  «$••* 

fisr  ^ 


4^.11  .«b^» 

r*  tW  MMNttvy*  War, 


•  •  Mfcft  «Wry  M»rll  otfMW  ftfWl  Mfe4   M  •  §M.  ift 

^    i   Ti'*i  ifc<  .**»    rt'h.  *i..:..i,  S*!,*,.:  M:i  ElMMcriirMtl    HM«H^    k 

nrs 

i 

•y  VW  •••MHr/  •»  BM  IBPWMr.  V  ••  ••HMM   HH  w9t 

* I     -  .^^  t^^i  n/  ««^k   I^^M*  W  Mfc»  M^^k^««  ^  ^«^te  ^ 

.  ,       •  .  I         -.      •  .  •  »r .  r       ,  .  -    .  •  ,  -         :         „  ...',-•.  A    .  • 


•••••§  VBHr  •** 

«r  U^JMII>M    W  **.**  W  •Sili^to 


<itOmi 
TWlW«««^ry«rWv 


•»  MJT  U  MMMrjr  »»  UM  MipvLIStL  put.  «M|  M^TiMuHiMtiJi  f»rt  <T  twt  Jrt!?ii7«T  U^gi 

_,^^    ^^^i^  fl  I.     K    ^4  I    •      I   1,^  «^lft^«  ^^^^«       •»«^.^K  tfefe          II     *t^^B»     «^     ^M 

.    \     . 

m^*~  ***  l^vy  i5^ J  ••  •^^^•^•s^ 


t^jJjLaiyjs  is 


•inT«y  IP  tW  iia!ffii>\lial  «f  arid  rJrt*Sd«r    t^  kf  I!M  ««MM  tlmlcMl  Ik*  MM  JVf1*  * 
••A  m\**m  ml*  m*y  ii«dlir^«^br  tW  i^    iM^ty  •yf.i^^^a  ««to7  aqr  «^>y  to  ^Yq^ 

SST  «Ml»  JJtiSbiSBl  aod^t  t^'l'JJ'iM  fee  liS    SfcTfitgin.          ""*'  ! 


MMt«*itfM>A     Aj     tk«    •AM^t    al>All      <«!_«     -  '—         -*-  - 

•WIpUOW*   I<W  UW  HHM  NMMI    Hf*4  IVMIvV  MM 


fc^  T       a     ^^^^^     A^^a-k^l     ^B^AA^^  ^  ^^^     fc    -         ,fc,     J—  -^Bl^^  -M   A ^^BA^^^^^^^    ^^^fl   ^k^l^M  ^^    ^A^«»    ^^^11  ^^ 

viBHi  wf**!  I*WWMM  WTVIWO  nrpo(^k,  v mm  MMH   <  ^^V*  ••  '  ••  *^7  •••§  M 


VW^  MtfflMiHl  M^HQtfVH^  OT  V^VTw  ttv  ttf«  QHft  MHHI  W9     WIHBi  ^HH9  VB 

i  «r  pl«c<d  «prt«i  Ito  lyaaaih  of  UM 
lavfVd 


•hall  OWUPJ.  cot.  h«rk. 
•IkwiM  «\)ur*  aay  tr«s  »*^*^  <* 


ioo 


CONGRESS.    (Tux  Ni<  ARAUI  A  CANAL.) 


8ae.  4.  Th»t  the  Secretary  of  War  U  hereby  au- 

Ifcatiaait  w»a  dmvicd  to  eoquirr.  »t  -u,-h  t  .....  *  and  in 
er  «•  h«  mav  de*«n  bw«  raK-ulai«*l  to  serve 

'     '     -'          .  ...        •.-...-.    -.        '     U.I 

dlntf  In  area  the  parcel* 

.      V  -     -,     •        I'..,      .         !        ^ 

.n  the  offlce 


•.!   .     ;     .  '     ' 

tireburg,  IV  iwi 


.  ...  I.',, 

r 

!.  :V:  .  • : 


UM  right  of  way  to  the 

i    ..•'•  -  ••  . 


'  ' 
•••-.•  ;     •-..',: 

•    .      .."  .  :-..    ;      /'• 
•     ••-..•->..      i-    ,;.,:,,   i 
uirwl  by  any 
to  the  ground 
or  markers  are  placed,  nor 


Mgnat*! 

; 


'OM  purpose  of  acquiring  the  lands 
scribed  fn  the  foregoing  section  not 

.,    .       ,-.    .  '         !   -.  '     .    >•.,:,.. 


m  ••  ij  •••  •!•  •  w 'i  a* 


»  of  War  for  Uic  prea*  i 
of  the  lines  of  battle  of  the  Union  and 
.  jnniea  at  Gettysburg,  the  Secretary  of 
War  b  authorised  to  employ  the  services  of  the  com- 

— — * •— '--»  by  him  for  the  loca- 

with   his  in- 
!.:-  approval. 


Uoo,  who  ahall  proceed,  in  conformity  with  his  in- 
atfmHUuM  and  subject  in  all  things  to 


to  acquire  such  lands  by  purchase,  or  by  condcmna 
tkm  proceeding*,  to  be  taken  t.y  the  Attorn* 
oral  in  behalf  of  the  United  States,  in  any  cases  in 
which  it  shall  be  ascertained  that  the  same  can  not 
be  purchased  at  prices  deemed  reasonable  and  just  l.y 
the  said  ooauniasiooers  and  approve  ' 


Ury  of  War. 


nd  approved  l>y  the  Sccre- 
And  such  condemnation  proceedings 


may  be  taken  pursuant  to  the  act  of  Congress  ap- 
proved Aug.  1.  1888,  regulating  the  condemnation  of 
land  for  public  uses,  or  the  joint  resolution  author!/. 
in*  the  purchase  or  condemnation  of  land   in  the 
•y  of  Gettysburg,  Pa,,  approved  .June  :,,  1894. 

Sac.  «.  That  it  »hall  U-  the  duty  of  the  S. 
of  War  to  establish  and  enforce  proper  regular 
UM  custody,  preservation,  and  care  ot  the  monument* 
now  erected  or  which  may  be  hereafter  erected  within 
the  limit*  of  said  national  military  park ;  and  such 
rules  shall  provide  for  convenient  access  by  visitors 
to  all  auch   monuments  within  the  park,  and   the 
ground  included  therein,  on  and  within 

aveh  hours  as  may  be  designated  and  authorized  by 
the  Secretary  of  War. 

SEC.  7.  That  if  any  pemon  shall  destroy,  mutilate, 
rtefaet,  injure,  or  remove,  except  by  permission  of  the 
SeareUijf  of  War,  any  column,  statue,  memorial  »tru<- 
tare,  or  work  of  art  that  shall  be  erected  or  placed  uj-.n 
the  grounds  of  the  park  by  lawful  authority,  or  shall 
destroy  or  remove  any  fence,  rai  ire,  or 

ether  work  for  the  protection  or  ornament  of  said 
park,  or  any  portion  thereof,  or  shall  destroy,  cut, 
hack,  bark,  break  down,  or  otherwise  injure  any  tree, 
bosh,  or  shrubbery  that  may  be  growing  upon  said 
park,  or  shall  cot  down  or  fell  or  remove  any  tin.u  r. 
_•-  ting<  r  •••  Lng  upon  smid 

perk,  or  bum  mi:  it*  of  the  park,  or  »hall 

remove  or  destroy  any  breastworks,  earth  works,  walls, 

•   •      -..•.-.•  ti.,  r...:.  .   •'. 

•traded  by  the  armies  formerly  engaged  in  the  bat- 
tles on  UM  land  or  approach*  to  the  nark,  or  shall 
violets  any  regulation  made  and  pub 


fcit  and  pay  a  toe,  In  th e  discretion  of  the  justice,  ao- 
cordinc  to  the  acxravation  of  the  offense,  of  not  leaf 
than  $6  nor  more  than  fSOO,  one  half  for  the  use  ot 


the  park  and  the  other  half  to  the  informer,  to  be  en- 
forced and  rwoverM  before  such  justice  in  like  man- 
ner as  drbts  of  like  nature  are  now  by  law  recover- 
able in  the  county  where  the  oflenae  may  be  com- 


SBC.  8.  That  the  Secretary  «i   \\.\r  i>  hereby  au 
thoriftvd   nti.l  din  .  ;•    a   Buftablf 

bronx*  •  ..•  -"I  it  the  address  di 

.  .Lain   I.  in- 

•he  I'.'tli  da\   "I   N"\.  i. 

II     of    tllf     II., 

tluit  place,  and   such   tablet    ha\in_'  ..n    it    be 
•idea  the  a<l.'  .lallion 


•;.   hhttll    In1   erected    en    tllf    liio>t    suitn 
within   tin-  limit*  of  said   park,  which 
:hf  I'..  llowin^'  words.  t<»  \\it  : 

rouirht 

forth  on  this  continent  ane-,\  nation,  eon.-.  -i\ed  in  ni,- 

crty  ami  dedicated  to  tin   pi"p«->iti..n  that  all  i. 
created  equal. 

M  Now  we  are  engaged  in  a  cn-at  ,-i\  i; 
whether  that  nation,  or  any  i  -1  and 

sodcdicatod,  can  IOIIL'  endure.  U  •  nn  rnut  on 
battlefield  ot'  that  war.  \N  •  hav<  i-oim  to  d( 
|«.rtioti  of  that  field  a.-  a  final  restiiiL'  ]• 

who  here  gave  their  lives  thai  that  nation  mi^ht  I'm-. 

It  is  altogether  littii.^  and  proper  that  \\e  should  do 
thin. 

"  Hut.  in  a  larx"  ;  ati  not  dc  dicatc. 

not  consecrate.  \\«-  can  not  hallow  this  Around.     The 
brave  im-ri.  living  and  dead.  \\ho  >tnii.'Lrl«  d  h. 
conaecratcd  it  far  uUivf   our  po\\,r  to  ad.l  or  de- 
tract   The  world  will  littU-  not*-,  nor  lonL'  n  -n 
what  we  (*ay  h«-n  ;  Imt   it  can  m-wr  tojx'<-t  \\hat  lln-y 
di.l  here,     'it   is  for   us,  the  living,  rather  to  1..-  tlcdi'- 
cated  here  to  the  unfinished  work  which  tl 
fought   hen-  ha\f  thus  fur  so  nobly  advanced.      It    is 
rather  for  us  to  !.<•  hen-  dedicated   to  the  trn-at  task 
n-inainintr  bt-fon-  us  ;  that   from  ti  d  dead 

wi-   take  increa.-fd  devotion  to  that   cause  for  \\hich 

they  sruvf  tin-  last  full  meaattre  of  devotion;  that  we 

iirhly   n-solvc  that   tht-sf  dead   shall    n 
died  in  vain  ;  that  this  nation,  uno  .!!  have 

a  ne\\  l.irth  of  tn-c<loiu,  and  that  government  <.t  the 
peoph-,  by  the  people,  for  the  people,  shall  not  peruh 
from  the  earth.  ' 

And  tin-  sum  of  J*:,.O<M>.  or  so  much  thereof  UK  may 
benecesMiry.  moiiev 

in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  to  pay 
the  cost  of  said  tableland  medallion  and  ]•<,. 

SBC.  9.  That  to  enahle  the  Secretary  of  War  to 
carry  out  the  purposes  of  this  act,  including  tin  pur- 
chase or  condemnation  of  the  land  described  fa  MB* 
;  and  5  of  this  act,  opening,  improving,  and  re- 
pairing necessary  road-  and  avenue- 
sur\e\s  and  map*,  suitably  marking  the  l>oi. 

ot'  the"  park,  and  f«»r  the  pay  and  expeiis.  - 

.     . 

H'  much   thereof  as  may  lie  nevessary,  is  hit 

propriatcd  out  of  any   money   in   the     I 

otherwise  appropriated;  and  all  disbursement!  made 

under  this  act  shall  require  the  approval  of  tin 

tary  of  War,  who  shall  inuke  annual  rej>ort  <>|  the 

same  to  Congress. 

The  Nicaragua  Canal.—  The  bill  "to  , 

the  act  entitled  'An  Art  to  incorporate  tin- 
Maritime  Canal  Company  of  Nicaragua,'  an- 

;    l-'eb.  20,  1889,"  was  a  measure  of  the 
gravest  importance:  and  though  not  tal 
in    the    House  f>f    K  :    W&a   tin 

rabject  of  earnest  diM'tis^ion  in  that  Inxly,  \\  lien- 
it  finally  passed.     It  involved  the  granting  of 
aid   l.y  tin-   I'nitcd    States   (JoverniiH-nf    to   the 
:.al  through   Nicaragua,  joining 

•Ijintir  and  Pacific.     TJie  bill 

by  Mr.  Morgan,  of  Alabama,  was  as  foil- 

A  bill  to  amend  the  aet  entitled  "  An  Act  to  incor- 
porate the  Maritime  Canal  <  :  Nicaragua,** 

approved  Feb.  20,  1889  : 

lie  it  enarttd.  ttc.,  That  the  capital  stock  of  the 
Maritime  Canal  Company  of  Nicaragua  shall  consist 
of  1,000,000  shares  of  $100  each,  and  no  more. 

SEC.  2.  That  the  words  "the    Nicaragua   Canal," 


'IUBHL    (TMK  N 


l£4ll?liti:  ****£!*••*••  ***** *•>••••*•'•  *£«»«•• 

»IIr**J.l»l     M».  ^.a^liU4^— iMO-Tr,^ 

•*  *4W«l.  MU  MMll  b» 

»:.    I  "    •?  •JWlM/ll  -          •         .       .  •       .:  • 


^fMydC  HlaM^M,ar 

•- 


I  ari  <*M«r  Uio  <w        IIM.  i  .Ml  <  —f— ;  * 

«f^i^  to  |*y  IW  M^^Uj.  «»  t^iCa  fc-r 

^1*1        '  |<|"  *•*** ••"• 


^~HL+Jfrm~&?£S£l  rSSSTgTjt? •'T t!?Tni?rlS 


- 

p 


•^vk   nwtfttf^tfv  aliAl I  b*          I* •«•    T    T«^  ^Wr  lk#  i^^^^f*  «^  Aij.  ^g«  ^^J  ^* 

t>d  tat  tH" IfaVli  b   tW    U^4.  «»4  «ft^  tW    •inln  •>!  &•!»  'L  S 


JRESS.    (TiiE  NICARAGUA  CANAL.) 


Company  fbr  the 


of  theaaidcanal,asia 


provided  fur  in  this  act,  and  after  the  acceptance  of 

t>        ;   "      .     -       •    -       r    ••-..-       ;..,-.-          '       '       '•',-• 


!-:• 


i  of  said  eotnpanv  at  a  meeting  dulv  called  and 
•eld  for  this  purposeTa  distribution  and  disposition 

,••',-..••:••  V  '  -       .,      ..         •  ' 

ofXicarag  u«  shall  be  made  by  the  ofncers  of 

a»  I..;: 

r   •  •    -.  .      -.  :          ii  d     ..-.    •  "  .   aa]  Mai   sto  K 
of  said  coai|>snv  st  the  par  value  thereof  shall  IKS 
b»ur*i  to  the  United  State*  in  consideration 
of  the  booda  of  the  company  aa  pr 
A  of  this  art,  and  the  aakUtock  ao  to  be  is- 
»i..ll  be  full  paid  and  nonassessable  and  shall 
bedepositr. 

Second.  That  $«,ooo.ooo  of  the  said 
at  the  par  value  thereof  ahall  he  issued  t<>  li 
enunem  of  the  KepabUe  of  Nicaragua,  and  $1,500,- 
000  of  the  aaid  stock  at  the  par  value  thereof  shall  be 
to  the  Government  of  Costa  Rica,  accord  in,;  to 


panv  to  take  up,  cancel,  and  extinguish  all  issues  of 
its  atock  heretofore  made,  except  those  made  to  the 
governments  of  Nicaragua  and  Conta  Ki.-a.  and  all 
ouuundinf  obligations  for  stock,  l-nds.  or  bond 
scrip  heretofore  entered  into  by  said  company.  the 
atock  of  aaid  company,  with  tin-  approval  Of  tlic  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury,  shall  be  itwucd  to  the  persons 
or  corporations  to  be  designated  by  aai<l  «.in|>ai)v 
not  to  exceed  in  the  aggregate  the  sum  of  $7,000,- 
000  at  ita  par  value,  which  atock  shall  be  nonassess- 
able. The  amount  of  atock  ao  to  be  issued  Hhall  be 


:•_'.   That    the    President    "f  the  United  State* 
i-   In  n  b\    aiithori/«-d   and   <1 
nn<l  detailed  estimates  and  to  be  made, 

me  t..  time,  by  duly   appointed    ii 
his  own  selection,  but  not  lex-  "it.  n  than  «juartcrlv 

tin-  actual  cost  of  all  th.    \\..rk  dol 
of  the  plant,  material,  and  services  Mi).i>lii.l 
canal,   inrhiililig    reasonable    C«.MS   <.t    a.lmini 
•  luring  each  quiirtcr.  »r  hinee  the  la>t  pn  .-,,lii, 

mate,  ant  upon  the  filing  with  t)..  .-f  the 

Trvasin.                                             -:itii-.l  by  the  in- 

spectors, the  said  ^  ;,ll  d«- 

-uid  Maritime  <  'anal  Company  • 

Mutmteed  a- 

Miiii.tothe  amount  •njBoient  to  p;,\  MI.  h  ( 

•  tin-  amount  of  the  interest  t"  !.••••.,  n,,.  due 
ii|Nin  it.s  oiit.-tandinLT  bond-  }•<  \\   .juartcrly 

e.Htimat*-  :  but  the  total   amount   of  Mich    hon,, 
delivered  cliull  Hot  e\<-eed  the  total  e<.-t  of  M4i«l  .-anal 
and  it>  e<iuipm«  nt  ;  and  the  proceeds  of  all  said  bonds 
shall  be  wholly  applied  in  payment  of  the  ,-.,>t  of  t)H. 
c..i^tniction.  equipment,  maintenan 
of  Mi«-h  canal  and  of  the   railroa«l.  telegraph  lr 
vessels  used  in  the  oOOatmctiOD  thereof'.  <>r  incidi  -ntal 
thereto,  and  rcanonabli  t   administration, 

and  the  accrued  int«-rest  ii]»>n  the  out.-tandin^p   bonds 

of  the  company,  and  Mich  i.ond>  shall  not  b. 

dit*p08cd  of  at  lew  than  par:  and  it  shall  be  sati-fac 
torfly  shown  to  th-  ^ury.  before 

delivering  any  installment  of  lnm«ls  as  aforesaid,  that 
the  proceed*  of  i»rior  inttaUmenti  "f  bonds  have  been 
properly  applied  in  the  payment  of  the  cost 
struct  io'n  and  maintenance'  as   aforesaid   and    [| 
on  the  bonds  of  the  company.     A  sum  or  SUN.- 
sary  to  pay  t)  >f  tnakingthe  inspection>  and 

estimates    provided    for   in   this   section  i>  hereby  ap- 
propriated, out   of  any    monev   in    the   Treasury    not 

' 


finally  determined  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Tn-asurv,     <.therwise  appropriated,  but  all  expenditure*  fo'madv. 
on  principle,  of  justice  and  equity,  but  shall  not  ex-     by  the  Inited  Mates  i ' 


construction  of  the  said  canal,  and  the  company 
offer  the  said  stock  for  subscription  and  sale  at 
time  or  times  and  at  such  rice  or  rices  as  they  s 


Sic,  ».  That  the  proceeds  of  the  remainder  of  the 
stock,  jf  sold,  be  applied  •  to  the 

may 

such 

itheyabalL 

to  their  diecmion,  determine,  but  in  no  ease  shall  the 
amid  stock  or  any  part  thereof  be  issued  or  sold  ex- 
cept for  cash,  nor  at  any  price  less  than  its  par  value. 
Sao.  10.  That  the  working  capital  immediately 
available  for  continuing  the  construction  of  the  canal 
may  be  derived  from  the  proceeds  of  sale  of  the  com- 
pany's treasury  atock,  as  provided  in  section  9  of  this 
act,  but  should  the  company  not  be  able  to  dispose  of 
said  atock  at  par  within  a  reasonable  time  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury  ahall,  upon  the  application  of 
the  board  of  directors,  deliver  to  the  said  Maritime 
Canal  Company  bonds  of  said  company,  guaranteed 
aa  aforesaid,  amounting  at  the  par  value  thereof  to 
the  sura  of  $2.000.000.  said  bonds  to  bear  interest 
from  the  date  of  the  delivery ;  and  the  proceeds  of 
said  bonds,  when  sold  »>y  order  of  the  company,  *hall 
be  used  m  a  working  capital,  and  shall  be  applied 
exclusively  to  the  construction  of  aaid  canal  and  shall 
beaceoantedforbyaaidconii  Hnal  settle- 

meat  of  tea  accounts  for  con 

from  the  total  amount  of  bonds  which  it  may  become 
entitled  to  receive  under  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

:  1.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall 
cause  an  account  to  be  stated  with  the  Maritime 
Canal  Company  of  Nicaragua,  aa  soon  aa  practi'nblc 
afUr  the  passage  of  this  act.  which  shall  include  all 
Beeeasary  and  proper  expenditure  made  by  said  com- 
pany since  the  3d  day  of  June,  1889,  in  and  aU.ut  the 
of  the  said  canal,  or  in- 


eluding  the  railroad  and  telegraph  lines  built  by  aaid 
company.    For  the  liquidation  of  the  amount  • 

*o  ascertained,  and  by  him  approved, 
he  shall  deliver  to  »i,|  Maritime  Canal  Company  the 

'•••-'>  '     '  •     '       '  ..         ••.-.;•  not 

to  exceed  $MOO,00".  with  the  guarantee  • 


thereon,  aa  provided  in  section  6  of  thb  act. 


Mates  shall  be  refunded  and  repaid  by 
the  said  company  uj*>n  a  final  accounting. 

SKC.  13.  Tliat  to  secure  the  proper  applic:r 
the  aid  to  be  furniwhed  by  the  Vn  >  this 

act,  and  for  the  better  and   more  economical 
tion  of  the   powers  confern-d    by  this  act   and  the  a<-t 
to  which  it  is  an  amendment,  section  4  of  the  a«-t  ap- 
proved Feb.  20,  1889,  entitled   "An    A.  t    t»   incor- 
porate the  Maritime  Canal   Company  of  Ni,:.' 
be,  and  is,  so  amended  that  10  of  th<    1*»  d 
of  said  company  shall  be  ai-jM-inted  by  the  I'r 
of  the  United  States,  by  and  with  the  advi.-e  ami  e..n- 
seot  Of  the  Senate,  not    more   than   .'.  of  \\hom  shall 
be   apjM.inted    from   one    polit'u-al    party;    and   6  of 
whomshull   hold  office   for  one   year  and   :>   for  two 

years,  as  maybe  <b>lLMiat«  d  in  their  appointmenta) 
•od  tneir  auooeaaori  nlmll  hold  otli.-<-  f<,r  t\\ 
And  all  parts  of  said  act  approved  Feb.  20,  1  - 
consihtcnt  with  this  act  are  hereby  repealed. 
SBC.  14.  That  all  the  riirht.s  and  jx»wcrs  P 
.Tress  by  section  8  of  the  act  to  whieli  tl 
amendment  ore  hereby  reserved,  and  shall  apply  also 

-  act 

SEC.  l.r>.  That  in  order  to  make  certain  of  th 
bility.  jH-rnnui'  in-e.  and  cost  of  the  >aid  canal  and  it* 
accessory   workx  a  board  of  re   i-   hereby 

;:cd.  the  memb<T>*  of  which  muv  be  H< 
by  the  President  of  the  United  Mat.-.  1  from   the 
Corps  •  n*,  United  States  army,  1  from  the 

engineers  of  the  navy,  and   1  from  civil   life,  and   if 

n  -idem,  in  .-ill  so  di; 

said    board  of  engineers,  under  the  direction   of  the 
Secret^,'  full)    in-peet 

the  route  of  the  said  canal,  to  examine  and  consider 

the  tihr  peciti'-atioris 

variotiH  parti*,  and    r  .[.on    to   the 

•f  the-  I'nited  St;.' 

I  hat.  for  the  purpose  of  paying  tl 
cessary  expenses  of  the  board  of  engineer!  <-n-ated  bv 
section  16  of  this  act.  i:  enl  of  the  United 

States  shall  apf--int  them  and  call  them  into 
the  sum  of  $15,000,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  ne- 
cessary. is  hereby  appropriated,  out  of  any  money  in 


M.M.ICILW       In, 


CA»AU 


. 


* 
,,..111..  ......          ..; 

.  -.     -      .  '  .        , 

'  - 


o  ummanTJil  development  that  woul.  I  f  •  >1 
the  canal.  said  aa  to  the 

Tpboli  UM*  the  national  and  "•'•  mati  M| 

p,,wrr*  -f  i»,r  tJ.,t,-rnm,-nt  ..f  UM  I   nited  Etas* 

tmlrr  our  Constituti-  ti.  t..  those  of 

•  m  earth.    I  am  a   Democrat  of  ao 

*  met  aa  to  all  ilmt   n-littrs  to  the  powers 

•i«  or 
-mctimes  feel  that  I 

as  it  more*  in  ao  aggremire  oourae  against  our 

that  »hi*  viul  doctrine  of  the  Democratic  creed 
r  the  protection  of  the  right*  of 

.'.••-  mi'i  t  tan  the  Union, 

ami   wcrv  not  limiiali.-n*   BJMI  'I,.-  j.  .«,  r    -f  Th. 

•n.i  to  promote  th.tr  -.-iii-rnl  welfare  in  our 
dealing*  Mid  relations  with  foreign  peoples  and 

it  A. 

lieee  matters,  I  repeat.  I  would  rery 
regret  to  be  compelled  U>  a«lmit  that  the 
••s  does  not  possess  powers  equal  to 
•BOSS  of  any  nation  in  iln-   • 

he  case  of  the  -rates  Bank  the 

Gorenunriit  ..WM--.1  a  minority  <>f  the  stock  and 
Ike  majority  was  owned  'iiens. 

This  was,  for  this  reason,  a  public  cororation, 


-..-.•..•>!•• 


exstt  M 
of  this 


-The 

i.  thr  ~,|, 

-lire     o»rr    thr    ,,,-m 

protection  and 

fonU.lror  h-tilr  u,irMri,t»..i,  «.th  the 
or  the  |iower»  that  « 

"  I  assume.  u,-,n  the  basts  of 
well  a*  that  of  unavailable  log 
oessary  for  the  securi  ty  of  com 
•equenUy.  of  the  peace  of  UM 
powers,  that  the  Sues  Canal  and  UM  J 
Canal  should  be  under  the  cm  and 


II    IS    B»- 


at- 


rporaon, 

business, 


of   the    i.Un,l    ,.f   t -ti.ru. 
the  occupation  of  topi  are  auditory  MPporta, 
The  other  powers  will  always  see  to  to  that  UM 
neat  of  the  "*nsl  by  neutrals  snail  be  without 
•  dbcrimlnatinii     T* 

lor  anv  exclusive  |wwei  over  UM 
i  *  canal  for  commercial 
-In  time  of  war  the  occupation' of' 
ways  of  the  oceans  will  be  controlled  by  i 
bran**:    hi  •  kh 
No  treaty  can  proven 
against  it  in  advance.     In 
Hntain  all  treaty  rwjuirrmmt.  M  to  UM  canal 
Marie  and  UM  Wetland  Canal  would 


ssjen  secret  business,  of  dealing 

mission. 

was  an  instrumentality  of  Government 
nwd  was  exempt  from  tax 

anal  b  to  hare  a  majority  of  iU  st.«  k  in 
tne  ownership  of  the  United  States  as  an  asset 

Treasury.     It  is  to  hare  a  majority 
^^•prs  appoint.  1  l>\   the  President  and  con- 
he  Senate.    Its  business  relates  to 
tne  commerce  and  navigation  of  every  nation  of 
the  ear  r  th.-  tlirvct  regulation  of 

^^•si  with  foreign  powers.     At  its  council 
bnanl    ..f    ,: 

*  sovereign  republics  are  assemble*!      In 

Nicaragua  and  Costa  Rica  the  Maritime  Canal 

n  the  right  tn  the  exclusive  steam 

Imdy  of  land  im>rv  than  1.300  square 
•lies  in  area  in  aragua.     It  htt« 

tne  power  to  levy  tolls  on  th*  ships  of  all  na- 
tions pawing  thnmgh  ih.-  osjml  UMBptii    . 
local  taxation  on  all  it*  im|*,rtation*£r  «uial 

••««.  with  the  right  to  make  and  enforce 

near  the  line  of  thr 

canal  nn<)  near  nil  its  works  and  appurtenanosa, 

ill  these  and  -ther  lik.-  j..weri»  srarrely 
less  than  sorereign.  there  are   »tii; 
steroly  persist  in  a  private  corporation 


at  Sault  Ste, 

vanish  at  the  sound  of  UM  Irst  __ 
rtmai  of  peace  th*  rights  of  nations  are  to  be 
prvM-nol  in  th.  N:  Bjaj  lai  •*»-.•  -  -  - 
countries  that  own  it.  la  thw  datv  UM 
United  Slates  will  nm  tu  authority  «ua  UM 
firm  and  just  im|>arttality  that  brcoai 
aoter  at  a  gtuat  republie,  baring  no  < 
alliances  with 

only  thrtHigh  UMI 
some  fleet  nation. 

\     . 
to  draw  the 


r.1  '    '  .. '  •;.- 


to  their    prospsnty.      The 
In  nod  Slate*  to  protect  this 


of 

b  not 


CONGRESS,      (ill)     Ni    ARAOUA   CA 


cress  of  the  Khedive  of  Egypt,  confirmed  by  the 

,r  M§attmte.theMilinn<>(  Turkey, 
The  original  stock  subscription  WM  897,488 
of  WO  fmnot  each.    Of  this  ram   the 


Kh-hve  of  Egypt  look  17W*  shares,  nearly 
half  th«  cntirr  »t««ck.  and  garr  the  ri^ht  «••  tin- 
o.mj*in    l<>  ilnniuiil  fnun  tin-  (iovcrnment   the 
UU>r  .-f  the  f.-ilnhin.  «.r  native  laborers,  at   the 
nil.>  of  1J  to?  franc*  |N  r  da>.  with  a  rat 
1  piaster  a  day.  or  4*  <vnt»  m  rice,  sorgo,  dates. 
MM!  onion*.    At  one  lime  more  than  985,000  of 
the*e  people  were  at  work  on  the  canal. 
-The  British  Governim-nl  afterward,  in  No- 
r.  1878,  bought  the  shares  of  the  Go\ 
of  Egypt  for  £3^78,582.  and  now  1,.^  the 
anil  m:.  rol  of  tin-  ml  in-  canal. 


This  canal  was  built  under  conceal  n~  to  he 
Lessens  and  a  company  he  was  authorized  to 
form  under  a  decree  of  the  Khedive,  similar  to 
that  formed  under  the  laws  of  the  t'nitcd  states 
by  the  Maritime  Canal  Companv.  but  not  nearly 
to  well  guarded  nor  so  just.  The  Kln>di\< •.  in 
the  first  concession,  retained  the  power  to  name 
the  director  of  the  company,  in  the  Egyptian 
Government,  chosen  as  far  as  possible  from  those 
most  interested  in  the  undertaking,  and  he  also 
reserved  to  the  Egyptian  Government,  yearly.  15 
par  cent,  of  the  net  profits  shown  in  the  balance 
sheet  of  the  company. 

-This  concession  also  provided  that  on  the 
expiration  of  the  concession  at  the  end  of 
ninety-nine  yean  the  Government  (not  the  Khe- 
dive) was  to  succeed  to  the  company,  enjoy  all 
iti»  right*,  and  enter  into  full  possession  of  the 
canal.  The  same  provision  is  in  the  concessions 
of  Nicaragua  and:  Costa  Kica.  with  the  option 
to  the  canal  company  to  extend  the  period  to 
aiM-ther  term  of  ninety-nine  years. 

-The  Egyptian  concession* also  provided  that 
no  alterations  could  be  made  in  the  statutes  of 
the  company  (its  by-laws  and  regulations)  with- 
out receiving  the  previous  approbation  of  the 


-The  Suez  Canal  being  entirely  within  Egyp- 
tain  territory,  it  is  difficult  to  conceive  of  a  case 
of  more  complete  governmental  control  than 
was  in  that  case  exercised  over  the  canal  in 
all  its  stages  by  the  Government  »f  i 
Then  facts  correct  the  as^-rtion.  aoOMtUMI 
made,  that  governmental  control  over  such  en- 
terprises is  not  necessary,  and  has  not  been  exer- 
cised in  the  case  of  the  Suez  Ca  • 

-  If  the  Nic-araguan  Canal  w.  re  built  independ- 
ently of  the  I*  nited  States,  with  private  capital 
alone,  the  only  legal  power  left  to  us  to  < 
the  conduct  of  the  company  is  the  power  re- 
served to  amend  or  repeal  the  charter.  The 
eonoessiom  made  by  Nicaragua  and  Costa  lii.-a 
belong  to  the  Maritime  Canal  Company,  and  are 
not  amenable  to  the  power  of  the  I  nited  States 
until  the  consent  of  the  owner  is  given.  That 
company  can  *•!!  these  rights  to  whom  they 
DMtta,  except  to  some  government,  and  the 
repeal  of  the  charter  would  <,niv  dissociate  the 
United  Slates  from  all  control  of  the  canal,  and 
the  owners  to  go  elsewhere  for  the  corpo- 
rate authority  contemplated  in  the  concessions, 
whuh  they  can  now  freely  do,  without  any  law- 
ful p^r.wer  in  Congress  to  prevent  them. 

idently  true  that  unless  this  canal  is 
built   with  the  aid  of  a  subvention   from   the 


United  States  we  mn-t  abandon   the  1; 
opening  this  water  way  until  \\<  aredtd 

ai-ijujp-    from    Nicaragua  and    Co>ta    Una   MI.  h 
•  lomiuioii  in  their  terntori. 
the  KrelinghiiVMtn-Zavalii  treaty.  f..r  the  i 
as  1   believe,  thai    the  Senate   \va-  a|tprehen-i\«' 
that  Midi  a  footing  in  Nicaragua  as  we  a-Mjuin-d 
by  that  treat  v  was  violative  (»f  tlir  p: 
\ion-l';ul\ver  treaty. 
:he  future  i-  li. •(!-«<!  in,  tin-  pa 

cable,   and    we    inu>t  r    aliaiid<>M    the 

(anal  to  its  fate. 

al.and.-n  thN  canal  now.  when  the.! 
its  success  stands  so  invitingly  <>p<  ti.  i 
sponsibility  that  I  am  tm willing  to  assume, 
a  dereliction  that  I  f< -ar  our  j.e..ple  will  i 
^i\«-.     The  proent   situation,  tl, 
coasts   on  the  Pacific  and    Atlantic    Ocean-  l.\ 
15,000  miles  of  dangerous  navigation,  \Ou-h  <aii 
be  overcome  or  lessened  l.y  two  thirds  l>y  the 
investment,  at  a  profit  and  without  dai 
loss,  of  $70,000,000  of  our  credit,  will  bea 
la-tin^'  dixTedit  to  this  p-neratimi  if  we  do  not 
at  least  attempt  to  alt 

•*  The  shortening  of  our  coastwise  line  of  t  raflic 
between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  States  would 
alone  demand  the  expenditure  of  such  a  MIIU 
without  the  hope  or  expectation  of  nth 
vantage  to  come  from  it.  We  have  taught  the 
Oriental  nations  the  use  of  naval  power  in  great' 
steamships  of  war,  and  so  formidable  are  they 
upon  the  ocean  that  it  becomes  us  to  duplicate 
our  navy  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  trade  of 
that  ocean  is  eagerly  sought  after  l>\  all  the 
great  maritime  powers,  and  the  completion  of 
the  Siberian  Railroad,  now  well  advan 
KusMa.  will  make  our  interests  in  the  \\ 
ini|H>rtant  as  they  are  in  the  Kastern  \\ati-r>. 
We  already  have  more  need  of  fleets  in  the 
l*acific  than  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  With  thin 
canal  we  could  move  our  ships  of  war  upon  short 
lines  with  abundant  fuel,  and  concentrate  a  11.  .t 
hi  three  weeks  upon  our  we.-tern  coast  that  we 
could  not  assemble  in  three  months  by  doubling 
Cape  Horn. 

"  In  case  of  war  with  any  transoceanic  lK>wer 
we  could  certainly  occupy  the  canal  or  t 
jacent  waters  sooner    than  they  could.      (|ur 
proximity  to  nnd  interest   in  tlie  canal  would 
•'•us  amoral  power  in  this  hemisphere  that 
would    keep  the  peace  in  all   America  n 
domestic  turbulence  and  foreign  assauh 
just  influence  in  the  commerce   of  the   \\ 
Hemisphere     would    then     >]e.(|i!y    ripen     into 
richer  harvests  of  profitable  trade 'than  all    that 
we  now  enjoy.     N.-w  York   would  then   i 
the  commercial  clearing  house  and  marl 
change  at  least  for  American  men  ham 
did  not  find  that  in   it-  man  h  to  the  w. 
empire  of  commerce  would  establish  it-  throne 
in  that  mctrofiolis. 

••  Ibre  this  great  subject  \\  id.  ns  uni  il  it 
to  comprehend  the  advancement  of  e\.  r\  Amer- 
ican interest,  and  to  aiou-e  the  proud   h  ; 

:  ican  citizen.     The  general  welfare  of 

all    America  will  be  advanced    with  a  mi-lity 

-s   by    this   canal.     With  one  accord,  in 

quarter  they  raise  their  hands  in  implora- 

tion  to  Congress,  and  with  united  acclaim  they 

demand  that  we  shall  work  while  it  is  yet  day 

for  this  great  national  blessing. 


(Tut 


This  subject  U  so  national  and  so  intorna* 

.t   it   ha*  never  been 

character  of  a  mere  party  qoea* 

,,.    Thr  national  .•..!.».••  .t......  Q|  I-  tl,  tbtflfjftl 

,(1<.J,*rt,,,..fth.         -    ••-  :-.. . 

•JBWbandgrraJ  steUssMa     BJ  bui  •       -• 

•u*  f.ir  tilt*  *».,rk  to  begin. 

•li-.l  to  the  westward. 

re  of  every  |«iri- 

;  .«rt  ml  American.     The  flrvt  report 
ulr  to  UM  Senate,  waa  unanimous, 

..•uifttana,    AlaUma,   Geor- 

it  i.Ul  »;l>  fur  less  restrict- 
CutCsbilJ  i...*  befon  LbeSenaU,  Purtbof 
•idsfution  and  Mr.>nt;er  pressure  upon  the 
HT>  of  thr  ooncessioni  t..  mat  t  obi .  '.•  m 

M,a,e   U,,,    ,,r,.,.«    „,„„,!    t,.. 


d  the  hope  o/g*at 

Mr.  Turpie.  of  Indiana,  led  in  oppasilk*.  and 
took  up  the  rariotts  probabiliUsa  a*  to  UM  es«|. 


prias;  a«  to  the  policy  and  right  of 

Pmident,  I  am  Wittily  in  favor  of  iW 
tell  travsn*  list 


n\  v 
the  industries  a 

v  JcTcl 

.nt    no    M-t 


.1  111-  ir  h 

ain  that  this  meanure  had  it* 
t  of  thr  MM  urn  of  those  eon- 

nnii-nt  ai-l.  Of  f-r  .m\    f-.rin  •  f 

itfinat.-d  with  ft  reflation  of 
rioted  tn  the  iiniuirv 
was  Man- 

n  r  at  a  coat  that  would 

burden.  in  canal  tolls,  upon 
i  commerce  of  the  «••••. 

tin-   fa.  t    tlmt  tin-  • 

1  fn.m  lht> 
of  individual*  cnul<l    -I.  (am 


not  think  UK  • 
membrr  ..f  any  irtfuiatit-  aflssmbly  in  Cliristssj 

,;        "      '• 

long  wished  for.  earnestly  aftpeetod.    An  asp*. 
ration  so  deeply  founded  to  the  k*» 

.as  only  bean  matohed  by  the  dinVulty  of 
iu  aocorapliahment    TlM  sueosssful  eoniplHioa 

/  ,  ._        _  I          ..  -%**l*|       m    .        1         .•       M •-»       — 

*....» 

'  : 


-The  Soat  Canal  joins  only  two  sraa.    A  very 
long  and  sometimes  tempestnowi  voyagv  tinonffc 
tiMBtraiuofUtbraluru. 
Mandebi.apartoflb«canaJ>.Mirney. 
ican  canal  would  unite  two  Wm 


nsces     vast  spaces  in  the  surf  ace  of 


with  iMr 


iMtl 


from  capitalists  so  great  a  sum  of  money  on  the 

•mpany  and  it 
it  heavy  rate*  of  interest  and  large  issues 

t*rpn***    "f    *"«•»    Ilia.-:.  '   :.[.-.        N..    IDofc     ^-r^ 

>it  such  sacriflcca.    There 
honesty  or 
rerk less  speculation  in  the  mutter. 

«as  obvious  to  all  that  tho  power  of  Con* 
gl«s»  to  ai 

dscd  in  h  -he  Maritime  Canal  Com- 

l«nv.  «.  -ii,|  wreck  the  company,  destroy  tbe 

i*a.  forct- 

•kwa.  and  lose  to  our  citizens  as  much  as  $4. 
•00400  actually  .  besides  great   j-  r- 

SonaJ  ri^ks  they"  ha<l  incurred  on  account  of  the 
canal  and  a  vast  amount  of  labor  performed  by 
•any  of  our  first  dtiasM,  It  wwaqunQ)  bH 

•»al  our  IntarventioQ  in  the  in.: 
•trtou-ly  affe.  t    th.-.r.-li:   un-l   ,,r.-j-.  •>  of<    .r 


>•-.-•>-••'..••  .       . 

we  see  UM  revisiting  shade  of  < 

:-  .-    .,  ••.-..      '   ;•.•          .  .     . 

flowini;  in*  unbroken  course  from  shore  to  straw, 
and  exclaiming:  •  Thi*.  at  last,  is  the  way  to  the 
Indies,  to  the  peari.bearing  Orient,  to  the  El 
Dorado  of  far  ('at hn 

,,';M,r ,!';:*.••!;••'  :;r.;:   ..'•     '  ' 

but  "d^not  rHfJr  m.wm  this  part  of  the  argu- 
ment to  funds  or  money.  They  require  ways 

progres»— way »  in  which  the  iulsujtion  and I  pwr- 

-^     ~^f    m^.  .  »^M    ^ — *    m    k^^^l&^M*!  tfL^a^^ 

poses  01  prouvoMni  may  man  a  SSBUUSSU  swua« 


MdPJS  rrpird  tbe 
any   MHfelta  UM 

fpri 

mot,,  th. 


•  •pi.-  in  this  -•  unless  Congress 

•••  the  en 

r  that  of  the  rotn|tany  and  gire 
nt  (ho  power*  of  a  boldsJ 
•Uick  and  a  majority  of  the 
oorpovatioB. 

1  not  !•••  carried  out  until  the 

:  cancel  erery  out  -tan*  I  ing  con* 

connected  with  the  canal 

emitr  created  a  ilifTi.  ul- 
tho   Man  1  1  in.-  Canal  Cotnjmny  f.uin.l   it 

:   in  a  \%.i^  ughly  cmiitahlo 

!«m   and   in    k^'inc  with  an 


met  I... I 

tlM  bill-i*  that 


gra 

illtT. 


t:     !..» 

auisHrui  to  ask.  -U  thore  aurthAnf  to  UM  Cos- 
rtitutimi  whMh  forbids  Ihbr  Tht  inniiiMlrtM 
in  the  Nil  b  that  UK  O« 

and  guaraahM  UM  pavuisul  of  the 


io)c  aniiution  to  aocomplisli  this  grand 
rk,  in  which  our  whole  people  bare  a  ju* 


bnskvd.   'U  there 

of  \r. 

is  aousir.    But  I  think  UM 

i&ould  or.  Is  there  anything  in  the 


Ubf 


"" 


.  ..    >,!:(  M,     M,  iim*  •  , 


of  U*rnH-l*.i~  . I !..«,„«  thkorp*rmJUJnK    n.  ing  faffed, 

I 

,    W|»lllfltf     10     ffttllMildl     A 

.'.  •  «»Mif..i    -..  I,  A  miMflUm      Mioth'-r   ..i.-l    (.<  -  ,  KI-|N    M    i 

I 
•  I     ' 

•  In  will,   i 


.,-i  >•    I., 


nk  f  hivffv  M 

(M-fr  .-    m. 

••  I  hi*   (Mil 

foJIowl 

•  •  fiflli'Wl  I     "'" 


..  i  r, in.  ill   of  I  In    I 

I  In-  lull  n  ii  f,  w  tril 

I     01,    J|,. 


'  M  i... i     ThM*  to  not  MIJT  pmrkion 


i 

ll.l.     I*     A 

n    r  «llo«. 

,       . ,  , 


M,|.UhlH.'     Mil 

,  i     Ml 

n, 


to  ....  1, 


i  •    .   •     i 


1  f*  ODI*I|BKT  •*  •' 

IIIMM   I...WITN  niirli   an      • 
•II  II    I* 

11 

1  " '  vi^Wh^' 

WAN  rtportMl  i "  i ' 

'<•«  uf  ii     I:  lijr  I  in    ,,|.|  i  <-| 

n.llV        I'llt     , 

my 

ll'MM    rink,    (O        Civil  H|.|'l"J'Mlll  loll    l.lll    II   (.'Mllll    of    If','" 

•n\    lln-  Im-i  "f  K.  in  i.'U  of   in.  '  .  n. n, i     i.,i. 

|..,rl  to  ||,. 

lit," I 'liillilnNiofl     WAM    ilulv     Ii  |  >|  »>l  III '  '  I     /ill.  I     I: 

il         I )o«    MoiiM  nl  I,M,.  nl 

..i     IIIK  II..  .mil  it  third  Hi'- 

f     Aim-rli 

MlHrrll.iiH  ',ii 
of  lhi«   OorponUlot).   «  i,,ii.lrn|.i    mi.l      w< «    |,IIMMM|  : 

llM.Jliriwl|.-||.,IM,f  Jlinl.|l-l«    Of    tllC    tlMMffi 

II  I0||     I, lid  |||(/||     ),, 

umant-    I  km>M  mv  y  •  .Hi-riTN   l«v   tin-    \*n-<l 

ml  (hi*  rorj.  .  1 1, ,ii      ' 

Mil  indoriK-  and  i/unnu 


ll'.lll'l     of      II. 

•lnl  In* 
Mini  I  M 


I  i-.n  «  lin< 

•  •rdiiiurt 


Ml 


nw<i 

- 


.    •    I.. |    II,,     I.IIM^,,* 

.,1 II,., 

Hid  mi, .  i,.lMi..rv  lo  tho 

».      II    i  •    a    iiii.>  I  ;,  ,(  ••  An    \ 

II    U   ju  I     lik«-      uhii<  ,.tion» 


.  I'ft'.MUATKNn.) 


I     ,-.'•'  nl  i   III   l«  Ills 

-r  Ilir  rvlicf     ||, ,  iitfftwt  of  ItvaJaMl* 


3Sfe£f^:--::-"-:-v-        HHH1   •:':::;;"'.';    ,:    , 


in 

••  itntgrainiiM  N  •  •  •n<|  aiitM  of  tb« 

.».  .I.* 

k*  w«t  40  inlU*  of  nfwMit  iwtrvalloii     " 

-1C     f 

council*  In  oooMoUoo  wllli  Uw 

"        '  IUI 


I 

I  ..,..-.    ,  .          i  .  •      • 


•I  M9  •¥  MMM  lawna,   ' 

tb« 


....«  UxUvkMMM 

ir ..-.,  .j.l(,.t  t),.  •.lT«r»  tniuN^M  af 


ilnnk  Una«av  atfci  tiMf  had  materially 


WWM  MlMlJHfi  Mw  nlMonr  MM  lo 

' 

-nviH,     ,,!., 
Ihr   •|i|ini|i|iiili.>ii«  -f  '    ,.      I   .'  -\    M.ii.M  ..HI.MI  •>-.      .,',IM..(.,    .,..-.       ;• 


»l  for  Mob  •PMiun,  aiul  ill*  totnl  for  nil 
"""  A  •nwimi  ..f  thr  r..iifrrni,-r  «ii<  ITIV.I.  t..  (U 

^^  ui  -  |*vM>nl«lir«  of  llMl 

TW4^-.  I, 

UT- 

g     (  t   I    >    »          ••    I    '  , 

*!&**  -f  H":''  •i««v. '  •  •-.     '• 


....,...,       nM««*.. 
-.  >» 


IM' 

•  ••  ...     •; 


^^•1 N     fUM  M  am  ti«i«« 


i.tf  I  h 
Tl 


'inMiin.  * 

oMkr  •uiKonik*  in 


II.VMft  ««       Ariiinnn  -»,.  .ill  IM 
IPntJ?!  T. 
I4t^  .imrnml 

I     i  •  .-    .,  IwltM  I*  iko  iiafMiai  ilMtv  *Jia«M  U 

. 

ll.ttl.MM  Of  1        t.T»«.»:»  l»        l-Hir  '. 

v   Thai  In  ai^BV  to  ••••  •••IteMa  •••  uf  ••Mia 

i  i *•  I  f^a|^a%4.^49  49       ttMkiM v   •a%0€lva  ivtfktfvtl  IMI  iKit  i^ti  *4  •l^vi* ^%  i ^A^|  i 

»«. .  UIM,,  i.  5TTJA4  5ft  »•• 

-         '  '"      '••  "i^    WB^i^W 

____  __^  ^____  aiC.^?5^5^ffjj^?? 

*[  t        .  , 


4T.iavMo  «o 


<— «r»U 

«m.«o  .«    |4vM'-r 1  '      l»iamU 


"    i, i 


MM 


II  L'T. 


Serrioe  In  the  Church  -  were  diteomd.    A  reso- 

with 

the  feoeral  proposal,  of  the  Welsh  DisestaM.^. 
meat  *  revolution  called  ait 

to  the  fart  that  the  slave  trade  still  ex: 
Africa,  ami  *>ui;ht  to  imprras  on  the 

ity  of  interesting  themselves  in  that 
Favorable  reports  were  given  of  t  he 
•eaw  in  various  places  of  the 
Afternoon  system   for   men. 
at  Geom  Street  Chapel,  Liy. 
a  morkly  attendant . 


betwrokal  fund, 


1,500  members,  it  had  a 
e  clssses.  and  syste- 

,!,  rv        \t    [*«isthe 

people  liked  the  service  because  it  was  short, 
sharp,  ami  attractive.     Resolution*  were  unaiii- 
mnaslj  adopted  in   fn\-T  of   i..ral  option  and 
ante  legislation  to  restrict  or  pn.hil.it  tl. 
of  liquor  and  in  favor  of  international  arlutra- 


i  n\NM  III  I  I.  Sew  England  State,  one 
of  the  original  thirteen :  ratified  the  national 
Constitution  Jan.  9.  17**  '".H.  square 

The  population,  according  to  each  de- 
J  census,  was  »»7.'.«io  ,,.  i;:">:  J.M.IMCJ  in 
1800;  261.1*1    in  1810 

•>  >•  :<>.7Utfai  K,n:  4»Mi.- 
147  in  1800;  887.4.VI  in  \*:u:  0-J2.7<MJ  in  1880; 
and  746.258  in  1800.  Capital.  Hartford. 

Government— The  following  were  the  State 
officer*  durinc  the  year:  Governor,  O.  Vincent 
Coffin.  Republican  :  "Li.ut.  mint   (iovernor.   Lor- 
L  Cook;  Secretary  of  William  C. 

U  .    H.  •!_-.  :   Comp- 
troller, lienjainin    1*.   Mead;  Adjutant   (inn-nil, 
Charles   P.  Graham;    (Quartermaster    (• 
William   K.  Disbrow.  --roriiin.  Charles 

J.  ll<«dlry  ;  Commissioner  of  School  Fund,  Jere- 
miah Olnoy,  succeeded  July   1    )>v    Her) 
Benlon:  Insurance  Commissioner.  Burton  Mans- 
field, succeeded  July  1   l>>  Fn-deri.  k  A.  Bolts: 
Kailroad  Commissioners.  W,llmm  <> 
r-  .;  •       •.'••..    N|.  \\  •    dniff,  and   Aletao- 
derC.  Robsftton;  Bank  Comn  lldwin 

A.  Buck,  succeeded  July  1  l.v  Sidney  W.  Crofut. 
and  Kdwnr  fUk  Commi- 

.Lin  •  »  A.  I'.ill.  Samuel  M.  Bron^m,  and  Hit  hard 

oners,  George  C. 

Waldo,  reappointed,  Charles  W.  Beardsley.  suc- 
ceeded July  1  bv  George  W.  Ballock,  and  Chris- 
tian  Schwart*;  Commissioner  of  Bureau  ..f 

Robert  .1.  Vance,  succeeds  1  July  1  l.y 
Home;  Dairy  Commissioner,  r.  m f«,rt 


S.  Burlingame;  Commissioners  of  newly  ci 


and  Arbitration.  Dwight 
George  C.  Parsons,  and   I'r-.f.  Arthur 
T.   Hadley;   CommissionerB  of  new   Boanl   of 
I liich ways.  James  H.  McDonald.  A  < 
and  W.  IL  McDonald  ;  Trustees  of  n.-wly  aiithor- 
IndateUEalonnaiory.  Wai  terHubbard^  George 
««n.  Rflwanl  M.'cimpin.  I'n.f.  .l.,hn  J.  Mo- 
*nd  Frederick  r:  l-p-.j,; 

Stale  Hr«rd..f  Char  • 

rHary.  Miss  Mary  IUII.  Vi.itinK  Agent,  Rebecca 
C>.  BOT*  :  Sw-retary  of  State  Board  of  Educa- 
tion. Charles  I)  .ories. 
-TOWS  Brown,  mcceetled  July  1  by  George 
f  JuMi'f  of  the  Supremo  C.-urt 
TT«K  c'harlen  B.  Andrew*:  Aswciat 
Urea.  David  Torranre.  August  us  II.  Fenn.  Simeon 
&  Baldwin,  and  William  Ilamersley. 


I  i  ii  a  no  en.— The  latest  report  of  the  Tren 
win. -I,  B  fiscal  year  ending  Sept.  80 

pmaots  the  follow  ing  figurt  (K«ht 

of  alia.  ,-,.unis,,nnri.  1,  |s«,i:{.  s: 

,       •••:..,.   -  in-.  .  -  during  thr  roar,  s-j 
293.859.62;    t-tal  «li>l.ur-.-iu. -nt>.  s-.1 
balance  to  c-r.-dii  ..f  all  acc«.uni>  on  ( >,-t.  i . 
$985,488.81.      Tin-    principal    r«<'i|>t>   \\. 
ri\i-d  from   th.-  following  >ourri-^:  Tax  on   rail- 
roads,  $700,420.70;  tax  on  «.a\in^  hank-. 
:     lax    on    mutual    insuram-i-    rom; 
;.VJ.s."»;   military  comniutalion 
228;  tax  on  nonrr-i,i  $91.182.12 

lati-ral  inhcrilaiifc  tax,  $74.1  I'.HI;  :  Coinin 
rr  of  Insurance,  $62,1  l  -n  in\i>tniriit>. 

$56,008.88;  interest,  > 

and    lionds.    $:{!/  .ilioiial    aiil    t" 

homes, $21,600; CoiiuiiissioiHTs of  Kail i-oa.i 
860.20;  tax  on  ti-lr^raph  and   trlcphom-  •• 

-H'.'.MO.S;};  and  tax  on  express  com | 
$9,889.89.    The  di8bur-«-ni.-ii!«.  were  di\id.-d  H* 
follows:  Civil-list  orders.  $1,50-1. 1!-: 
tered    orders,    $854,002.08;    int.-n-.st    ..n 

.  $104,700;  and  other  int.-r.-t   ii.-n 
825.89.     The  funded  d.-l.t  of  il,, 
1894,  was  $:::.' i".'.'u..:  leas  cash  i..  the  treat 
credit  of  civil-list  funds,  $788,4  !*.(  17 ;  n«-t  'l.l,t. 

According  to  the   la-t    n-i.ort   of   the  < 
t  roller,  the  total  assesM-d  valuation  of  properly 
in  the  Siale  on  Oct.  1.   ls«.i;{.  WMH  s 
an  inert-use  in  a  year  of  $85.061,183.     Tl;. 
ation  by  counties  was  as  follow-:  \ 

$106.4'J'.'.|-JJ:    l-'airlirld.  $HH.7ir).!lOO  :  Hartford. 

A    London.  s:',7.!M;.VJ:M  :   : 

fi«>ld,$28.()Hl.s!M;:  Middlesex,  $ls.!t«ii.::,i  :  Wind- 
l.arn.  $17.!»J«.704:  and  Tolland,  $8,518,^  i 

Education.— An  int.-n->tinj:  feature  ..f  tin- 
report  of  the  Stale  Board  of  Kdueati'.n.  ^.\\\>- 
mitte.l  .Ian.  2J{.  1«»5.  i>  a  l.rirf  hi>toT-y  ..f  each  of 
the  free  town  libraries,  wit  h  illustrations  of  most 
of  them  and  the  acts  relating  to  libraries  passed) 
during  the  session  of  the  Legislature 

port  for  the  school  year  ending  . I 
1894,  shows:  Children  of  school  a^-ifonr 

.  iii-oll, -d   in 

public  schools,  186,049 ;  numnerin  a\ 
attendance.  91.471  ;  average  school 

number  of  schoolhouses,  1,022;  vain < 
puiilic-schoo!  proberty, $8,042,41  i.rJ:  ma). 
era — in  wii,-  B82  :  f«-mal. 

crs—  in  winter  8,098,  in  summer.  3.10:'. :  total  iu 
winter.  :i.-l!»s.  in  -ummer.  3.495;  avera^'-  monthly 
wages— male  teachers  $85.87,  f« -ma 
sil.1*;  number  of  school  distri.  public 

-••ho.  nided  schools, 885 ;  h  i 

86;  evening  schools,  45 ;  normal  sch.-N. :',.    Tin- 
sou  rces  of  pultlic--cho,,l  revenue  wen  :   I 
nent  fund-.  $10*.::- ••.'."  1  :   State  'ax. 

"ni:  local  taxes,  $1,71  ^  n«l  others. 

$878,592.05;  total.  fJ 

tureswere:  l-'or  new  buildings.  $464,107.01 ;  li- 

.  > 

inclnomg  salaries  of  teach*  t>  ami 
ntH.  ^|.;  ;,,,,(   ,,tl,,.r  Cxi 

$880,74.*).:'>r) :    total.  >  ?0.     Th«-   returns 

of  the  school  vjvjinr-  >h«i\vi-d  th. 
jittered    in    pr: 
1894,  and  21,460  in  1895. 

•  invested  funds  of"  all  kir 
Sept.  80,  1894, aggregated  $8,054.. VI I.: M,  and  the 


principal  of  the  school  fund  proper 

i  c-a*h. 
- 

li.M-l  fund  n  |**.rtrd  that  present  in- 
of  his  department  were  t^ind,    GOT. 

ft  ,:,  mm  '  i  •-.•  (totta!  imm\  -• 


i*  United 

•uri.lu»  a* 

.     .         .-  ; 


'ail  ' 

••'  '         -       i-     f          ;  .-..«         -.--..,          -.- 

-  .    :    .  .-.  •  .-..--  ;;•  .    .     ,  . 

*  live  •feeMoUowttJ 
IS  did  an 

.'. 

i  tally  .    Twe«l> 
84  miltual.  If  I. 

•.'.:-.•  ... 


MMIIfMll^M    t^r 

••  ..       • 

1   * 


polidea. 

'••"••' 


KB  combined  capital  t»f  j 


,uuu ;  xur- 
k  $4,494,- 
_^B;  and  t-.tal  Imi 

•N   $4,693,- 
-    • 

nit  .in.-  from  banks  and  bank- 
-re  were  91  savings  banks, 
«  :    .:       fiositon,  and  $186£80j8S&91  in 

• 

dri^il^  nn.1   int.-r.-st   Wsdited  MKrafited  J*::i.- 
*a»  $7.201,817.46.  and  the 

d  of  $1.186.600; 

Sq^Mts.  $.vj|.|.-j::..i":  liabifltiea, $7 Jl  1,06045 j 
l«»«iit  and  discounts,  $4,894,042.30  ;  an 


there  wrre  in  force  ofer  88^X10 

.        fi-  i-   '•<••  »S    "J 

.-.•.»..-••-          •  •          .  .  •         !.r 

thinl 

ltallruu.lv      1  .       .   •  •  " 

capital  *toi  k  <»r  the  oorpofmtioiw  on  June 
im.  WM  $90.0084MOJ«;  bonded  and  other 

,:.•-.   :    •        ?  .1   .  ,:••;..,•,     ,-  ,      ,  ,      f  .,, 

•.     ••     *.:.'  Ill  -          •-.•      ,       ,    • 

ilWaXM;  net  earning  •M88LH8J8;  diri- 


taxes  paid  to  the 
$788.447^6 ;  value  of  all  railroad  property.  $159.. 
888JB88L6L 

Agrlcnltare.— Th«  United  States  DepartSMsjt 

•wsoo  thaprin- 

.;,.-:;         '"  .     •       .      -      .•    >••!      •      •         I'. 


bund*,  and  in..rt^.»u'-.*l..V.Hi.«M'.:. 

nt  COM  pan  let.—  The  Bank  Com- 

•iMonrr*  reported  aepaFateiy  6  fun-i^i.   in-rt- 


••..     •-.    •-    .  •   ;..-.; 

•..-.M,,^!,, '..:•.•,;.  :., 


i  in  Con- 


Stairs  and  lioensed  to  transact 
it.  and  6  building  and  lu 

-ocUUonft.— The  re- 

iOi  fc.r  tht» 

i  treat*  largely  of  the 
-  and  loan  ass*  - 

u  organizations,  all  but   1  .  bartered. 
P«»urt«'»-ii    luwl   aiUh-.n/.nl   Capital    r.'in-iiii;  fr.-:u 

MOO.OOO  to  $1.000.000  each,  and    aggr.  v 

$».5oo.«M.:  j,,  -j  ,h.-  MMmnl  VM  3  uSiX 


$4t,468;  tobacco,  6,718  acrea.  10,17 
value  $1.638^05;  polatoea,  36,013  acres.  WM.- 
948  bushels,  value  $1397^65;  and  hay.  517.699 
acrea.  450,898  tons,  value  $7.008,  193  ;  total  value, 

'J  7.  '.'.::. 


.  k.-ln  January.  1896.  the  United 
culture  estijnal^l  thr 


States  DeparUn.  culture 

numU-r  and  value  of  farm  animals  in  the  Slate 
a.   follows:    Horses,    1*478,   n  M    |8y88l    4j 
VS3.  valuo  $4.048.189  ;  oxea  mi 
other  cattle,  78.048.  value  $8.085^91:  ebeep. 
87.9»4.  value  $123.343;  and  swine,  53.175.  value 
$*ftlft£e7/ 


sanitations  had  mortgage  loans  of  $704,- 
asii:i;  Hook  loa 


$608.940  ;  total  valu 

i 
v. 


During  the  year 


loana,  ^>.u:;.s»:  ot*  on  band, 
total   assets.  $790.000.02.    At 
•«•  vi-ur  there  wen  90.498  shares  oat- 


*!<>. 


7.97; 


surplus  over  all  lu 
•ul  88  companies  of  other 

XXXV.— 1  : 


-  -    •  -. 

year,  and  of  665  of  the  number  ever  < 
a  single  prior  year.    InJi79ofibe. 
vi«it«l   th-   OWdMOM  ^ 
life  and  health  of 
.    -.-. 


,  *l/numbrr  218.  of  whteh^Ir?  daily.  1  semi- 

Uy.  8  biweakly.  9  semimonthly, 

44  monthly.  9  bimonthly,  and  6  quarterly  pab- 


-The  General  A  sum 
hieh  adjourned  oa  July  9.  had  the  longest 
regular  session  on  record  sine*  1887,  when  bfco- 


COSTA  RICA. 

of  Uw  Australian  ballot  sys- 

of  U»  ptisont  ballot 
th»  «•»  of  K*11^  nianhinaf  in  t.-wn. 


gnOiOOVWWi 

the  criminal 
marked 


.  '  '.'   .  •    ,-.    ,..n 

gold  and  silver  articles; 

the  insurance 
and    iniikini: 
.— ,.    hohd»\ 

„_  by  .1  law  designed 
•sjdfatMSVpetrni  jurors; 
Josnse  law  of  1898 :  rats- 
from  fourteen  to  sixteen 


•7    WWSBJBBBBBJ   *••      »ti«       iffi***     »v     v«rw     •  < 

met  *  :,nmr  un.f..nn  license  fees 

pqUbltioti  of  UM  crossing  of  steam  and  electric 


compilation  of 
tiki  Constitution  and  its  28  amendments  was 
adopted  in  the  form  of  a  constitutional  amend- 
•ant  Thin  amendment  codifies  the  organ 
w,th  ail  the  amendment*  between  1828  and  1886, 
and  will  go  lo  the  General  Assembly  of  1897  for 


|.,,,m, 


lit Iral. -Town ejection,  were  held  on  Oct 
7.  with  only  local  affaire  at  issue.  The  returns 
saowtd  slight  Democratic  gains  over  the  vote  of 
18M.  aid  a  considerable  decrease  in  the  rote  of 

*7»1EA.    (SasKouA) 

entral  America. 

••ogress  is  composed  of  a  tingle  Chamber 
of  SI  Bamsjantiliiiis.  elected  for  four  years  by 
by  all  respectable  <  it  i 


for  one  half  the  members  take 
ntaee  every  two  years.  The  President  is  elected 
for  four  tram  in  the  same  manner. 

Jeriaswa. elected  President   for  the 

v    ..    ,      .,, 

\rra   and    l»opnlatioB.-The  area  is  esti- 
ttjOOO  square  miles.    Geog- 
20JHO  square  miles.   The  | 
to  the  census  of  Feb.  18. 

of  192,480  males  and 
The  actual  population  was  be- 
aWsd  to  to  about  1'J  There 

SJHIO  undvilixed  Indians.    The  numU  r  of 
vgistored  in  1H91  was  1.000,  „ 
I;  but  the  regurtrat! 
number  of  deaths  was  6^489,    The 

:...; 

,— The  rrrrnue  for  the  fiscal  year 
im-IN  ww  climated  at  C800.000  silver  pesos, 
and  th*  cspenditore  at  4.741340  pesos. 

*as  eflected  with  the  foreign 


teg  is 


tm.inaecordancewith 
1m«  of  »«w  obligations  were  issued 
iparcMKLfaMarssL    This  debt  was  at- 

Tin 


e  and  Pradsjction.^  offee  plant- 
^T\r  proniaBia  in  Costa  Rica,  the 


CUBA. 

quality  of  the  product   being  v.  ry  liiph.    The 
plantations  have  been  rapidlj  exti-mlr.l.     The 
i-ulinntion  «-f  the  Iwiiniia  is  increasing  lik,  \\ 
In  isici  tin-  coffee  crop  was  197,840  bags.    Of 
bsnsnst.  1,278,047  bunches  wen  |.r..<lu. 

i    ..f   supir    in    1SJI1    was    U^'.siM   Mnintals. 

n.  !•!<•«•.  wheiit.  and    | 

Thegi»l«l  itixl  nlver  mines  produce  n  I.  on: 
'  ' 


000  pesos  a  year.   'I  'In-  total  value  of  tin-  imp.  • 
in  1H98  was  5,888,427  pesos,  and  of  tl,. 
9,819,064  pesos.    Th«-  values  <>f  th.-  dii.  t 
i  i>80  pesos;  banana>. 
•     ,     :,i,,i  ,kins,  I88v481    pesos;  -,,hir. 
96V891  pesos  ;  other  woods,  87,640  pesos.    Of  t  h. 
coffee  exports,  4,586,870  pesos  wont    • 
Itnt..  :      •  t,,  the  United 

and  1,713,586  peSOS  U)  <irrm:my.  •  »f  tl,,-  t.-tal 
ini|K»rts,lf  697,944  pesosca  m.  fromtJrml  I'.n.ain. 
1,899,615  pesos  fn>m  the  rnit.-,|  States,  l.l-j:?.- 
886  pesos  from  Germany,  ami  HO?.  701  pesos 
from  France, 

Tin-  development  of  the  coffee  country  has 
made  Cost«  Hica  not  only  mie  «-f  the  rid.. 
rieultural  countries  for  its  size,  Init  niie  in  \\\, 
•h  I-  must  evenly  ilistrilmted.     M«»t  of  I 
peons  who  used  to  work  on   lar^c  plant  at: 
have  taken   up  (iovermnent    land    and    j.lai, 
MI)  all  patches  of  coffee  trees.     Labor  ha-  • 
fore  become  scarce  for  employing  plant.T-.  and 
the  prices  of  food  are  very  hi^h. 

Nimiralinn.     Th(  re  areonlv  ::  mep-hant  ve* 
sels  owned  in  Costa  Hica,  of  846  tons,  2  be 
steamers,  of  528  tons.    There  were  856  si 
of  420,811  tons,  and  *,>e  -ailing  vessels,  of  KM 
tons,  entered  at   t  he  ports  of  Limon  and  1'u; 
Arenas  during  I 

(  ommiinieationB.  —  The  railroad    fn  • 
mon.   the    Atlantic    seanort,   to    Alaju 
miles,  is   ultimately  to  be  connected  with 
railroad  that  is  bem£  built  from  I'unta  Ar. 
on  the  Pai-ilic.  of  which  14  miles  have  been  fin- 
ished and  are  in  op*  ration. 

The  telegraphs  have  a  length  of  630  i 
The  number  of  dispatches  in  1891  was 
The  post  office   earned   838,051   dom. 

.•'•HI;    international    letters   and    other    r 
matter. 

<  I   HA.  a  colony  of  Spain  in  the\V 
Th  M-ral  is  assisted  by  a  Council 

of  Administration,  the  members  of  which 
appointed  by  the  Crown.     The   col..n\  sends  16 
rep:  -  to  the  Senate  and  :!<•  to  the  < 

gross  in    Madrid.      The    Governor  General 
Captain  (Jeneral.  in  the  beginning  of   i 
ilio  Calleja.     The   military    f 
1  on  the  peace  footing  to  20.414  met 
all  arm-. 

Area  and  Population.—  The  island  I 
extent  of  41,655  square  miles,  with  a  popula' 
estimated  in  1887  at  1  ' 

males  and  749,087  femai  a,  the  capital, 

had  -  i.ad 

I  and  Puerto  I'rincipe  4«5/,  II  . 

Finances.—  Th.-  revenue  for  tl 
was  estimated  at  24,440,759  pesos,  of  whit  -h  1  1.- 
875,000  pesos  came  from  customs,  ' 
from  direct  and   indir«  ::.Hi.J.OOO  p. 

from   the   nul.lic  '.174,659  pe-      from 

stamps,  899,000  pesos  from  pui..;--  pp-p'-ny. 
188,600  pesos  fn.m  other  sources.     Tlie  b'u«: 
of  expenditure  was  25,984,239  pesos,  of  wh 


ni 


H574.485  pesos  were  for  the  debt, 


aini    Tirt.Ws    i  —  -    for    flum,,-,-,       1  h-    deht    h 
aMkonedtob»    ..-.  *:-.,.,.,... 

iH^04 

lav  of  sugar  exporstdb)  UMthat  u.-.  ; 
look  «*».«»•.';    the  total    uroti 
|.4i«.      Tl»«-    .-\|-.ri     "f    BOUsaMI     to    ''-      I      .   •    : 

stat^«a,  ;>••!  t.  --•:,-, i-     01  MM  pipsaoi 

ca.     The  t|uaniity  .>f   tobacco  exported 

.'?.HI»  balea;  the  number  of  cigars  WM 

and  of  cigarettes  the  export  WM 

.tokages.     Two  third-  of  th.<  raw  t»- 

f  the  cigars  « 
I  SUtea,    •  • 

-.  honey  and  wax.  and  fruits,  and  of 

•'  the  total  exports  in  1802  WM 
were  valued  ai 

.'44.880  pesos  from  the  I 


of  me*«tf-t  in  1 
4  vessel*  that   .-nt«-r.,|   tho  ports  o 

-.».  Trinidad,  and  NuevitM  in 


BumDer 

unlMT 
-    <  f    Havana, 


Refortn    i:.n 

-Ionic*    on   tho    American  contin.-iii    ih.- 
t  have  »thven  to  -.*;„  i  !,-:r  in.l-  ;.-.i(lence. 


DsHilii   the   -U\««    inMirn-ctions 

•v  wars  l.rokfout   in  1830 
~**W.    Toe  latter  was  protracted  te.n  years 

1880  fresh  di^- 

larbanoes  ensued.     The  in  slave- 

holders, who  received  no  compensation,  joined 
the  |M 

•rmitfht  lit- 

since  then  grown  womc,  owmt;  to  it. 
ice  of  sugar.     The  fmlun-  of 

treaty  of  rtvipmcity 

.n-  th.-  natural 

aggravated  the  evil*,  and 

i  markets  to  th<> 

(%uhan4  by  th>*  itiitN.,|t I.-D  of  hi^'h  duti«-  uj-.ji 
sugar,  alcohol,  coffee,  cacao,  and  tobac» 

and  oth.-r  nt..".    ..f    Ih.-   I  :..;.,!    >•  ,-,•..   and   .'i 

Oosta    Kica,    Hondurafl     Santo    Domingo    and 

rica,  have  been  plan- 

i\    indeiN-i 

•ni.     Shut   out    fnun 
iffairx,  therare  bur- 
i  enormous  public  debt  and  crushed 
I  Spanish  protective  duties.     In  ad- 
98,000.000  of  .*!  ^   pay 

a  year  in  municipal  taxc«  for  tho 


- 


. 

ain  riches,  and  whose 


press  them.    The  afloat  are  the  spoils  of 

r*l    III   It,,-  , 

administration  ha*  i.-«-n  MI  tyrannical,  mpaeioaa, 
and  corrupt  a*  to  call  for  frnjuml  in 
nd 

mlieie, 
hati  bean  ami  out  a*  Governor  General  becaase 


the 

would  propoee  tin-  gr 

the  oeejino  of  Cuba  to  t h. 

vious  to  the  American  war  of  mrnerin 

•  •     '    .   .     • 


S|»ein  for  $U».OOU.OUO;  but  t  he  suggestion  wa» 
treated  M  an  in»ult.  and  almost  led  to  war  i. 
tween  Spain    and   t:  ,«.      When 

overtures  were  renewed  in  1889,  Sagasta  said 
•••...  ._••_•      :     •  *•:.>.:      •   .. 

the  island.   There  are  two  parties  among  t 
ban*,  t  •  .-a.lv  to  ftV 

.  •   .  •       .  •    •    •      ,  .  -  i  .        .  .    •  -     i  • 

through  r.  -.   .  .-         .    :  •       \  .•      •    •  ••    .: 
desire  home  rule  such  M  is  enjoyed  by  the  Ca- 
nadian*.   Autonomy  ha*  bean  promised  in  vari- 
ous forms,  but  every  legislative,  proposal  ha* 
failed,  owing  to  the  resistance  of  the  patronage 

...    ;     •       •        [-.I     ",  .       „.-          '.-  •          . 

radical 

n-f.-rm.   thr  <    ii*ervativt«  resisted.     Maura,  in 

1K1M.  a  ti    a   bill   to 

•viiu-ial  councils  so  M  to  form 
executive  or  state  council  to  carry  out  its  en- 
half  of  them  to  be  ai  .  th«-  <  r-.wn  and 

ill*  Nil  wa*  lost. 

and   he  resigned;  but    later  the  OonservativM 
felt  compel.  up  the  pr-.j^-t  in  a  modi- 

fled  form.     IM  Norember  Maura  WM  recalled  to 
tii.-  mini-try,  and  a  new  bill  WM  submitted  to 
the  Cortes.     The  new  plan  WM  not  to  haws  a 
i lixed  parliament,  but  to  confer  on  the  ex- 

-  m  regard  to  commerce,  communicalloaa, 

,.  and  the  like.    The 

uncil  WM  retained,  to  be 

:«-d  by  another  body  having  power  to  dav 

the  colony.    The  project  WM  approved  by  the 

alinoMt  unanimous  vote  of  the  Chamber  on  Fab. 

.  Mwrll.    It  did  not 

go  far  enough  to  Mti«fv  the  Autonombu.  while 
-••  regarded  it  M nssltat 
,     f  •:..-!,      >  -    -    .  ,-..  -. 


;  «ratisu  regarded  il  M  nssltss.    Tea  days 
he  passing  of  the  bill  a  revolution  broke 
out  in  the  inland. 

The   Revolution.— For  two  or  three 
«n  exiles  in  the  Un 

.',,,;,        ,.       ;..._..-  ...,...;  ...  '        . 

free   Cuba,  organiaad   dubs,  collectrd   a   war 
<   of    war.   and    laid 

nlans  in  concert  with  their  compatriots  in  Cut** 
for  a  new  struggle  for  independence.     There 


three  veer* 
>pan- 

•-.-..      . 


strugfto 

m  '•    1  »'•  MfAOlaxi  !>;iry  .  IsJDI  ::.   N    Ml  •    18      "• 

aml'othcr  We5t  India  islands 


America,  Tun*, 
affiliated  timler  the 
party,  ready  to  support  a 


of  tho  K- 

lutionary  uprising 


Ill 


.   I    i:\. 


.   I    HA 


.:  I 


with  financial  and  moral  aid.    Cuban  working- 

-  bland  that  had  iv- 
the  former  war.  some 


,    rlu,hng   1,000 
lilii.n  thai    planned  in  MU!  in 


Um   tarht    "  U»k'"M'i<i  "    fr-'«"    1 '•  n:.,!..!.:^.    f|u 

IMtfS.  was  broken  up  by  the  United 
.orities.     Gen.  Antonio   Maceo,  its 
).«)•*,  with  Jo*'  Mar 

f,r  with  the  revolutionist 

leaden  un  the  island  and  the  organiiers  abroad 
IUM!  a  thorough  understanding.    The  insnrreo- 

•  l  ilay,  bur 

•  tiago,  Santa  Clara,  and  Mstanias.    The 
ire  com  pan* 

••  national  troops  could  occupy  stra- 
tegic points  and  begin  effective  offensive  opera- 


go   the  insurgents   knew    pli-t. 
ce*  from  which  they 


<-<>ui,l  harass  and 
•iN-nmimU-  th-  Spum*h  troODB, 
i-General   Calleja   had   only  15   bat- 
r  0,000  troops,  though  the  nominal 
..f  t»u.f..r.-,-«  maintained  on  the  intend 
1,000  to  80,000.    These  were  not  enough 
m  the  towns,  even  when  re-enforce- 
oonsitfting   of   4,200   recruits, 
gunboats  were  maintained  in  Cuban 
•hese  only  7  were  available  to 
I  leagues  of  coast  line,  and  they  were 
issetooflow  speed 

appointed  day,  Henry  Brooks,  a  plant- 

mtaiiHtno,  raised  a  band,  which  was 

1  the  Government  troops,  but  escaped 

mountains,  losing  8  prisoners.     In 

.11.-,-  (ruillcrmon 

took  the  field  with  a  large  band  of 

Mr  of  Aguacato,  where  he  was  bet  raved 
hands  of  the  Spaniards  and  killed. 
band  was  collected  at  Ybarra,  which 

'i-M  i  iy  tiir  tr.".|-.  an-!  I  rebels  wan 
D  the  same  province  of  MntnnTm*  the 
me  upon  a  quantity  «>f  hi<l«i<-u  arms. 
tram  NVw  Yi-rk  «;i- 


troops  were 

»,-rv  hum,  •! 
Jn 


neral  proclaim"! 
Matansas.    Th«- 
MM  MM!  fata  ' 

ruirn*.  and  other 
before  in  revolu- 
serated  in  tbeOa- 

fn*m  Santiago  de 
abroad  to  avoid 
argents  were  well 

,ly'  SMSAste,       \- 

ranished  into  the 


not  follow.  From  safe  retreats  the  retieir 
raids  upon  the  plantations  of  loyalists,  Many 
plantations  were  denuded  of  laborers,  who  ran 
away  in  ofdar  to  take  part  in  this  gosrrilla  war- 
fare.  Commander  Perico  Peres,  who  marched 

uaii  ve  militiameo  to  seek  the  Mba^Lil^aMtafi 
hie  sharpshooter,  aad  Joteed iBraoki  in  his 


field,  but  they  had  noez| 
leaders  yet  and  were  not  organised  for 

IPW  VAAe^nnr    HuwU     IWW^ 

baib] 


sada  was  secretary,  and   Benjamin  J.  Gnerm 
treasurer.    The  most  extensive  local 
Uon  occurred  at  lUirr.  from  which  town 


militarv 

•sd  Urn      •• 

bio  '••••  '.  M  • 


West  Indian  or  United  States 
patrol    The 


suosed  to  hare  a  fund  of  tUMOjOOO.    Tbe«- 
a  did  not  uke 


•   I  m 


peeled  uprising  in  Havana 

..sn^r.th..;:..,  •:,:•>       fMI 

betrayed  theiTplans  for  mow 
Masso,  after  recruiting  a  large  band  in 
lanillo,  went  into  the  province  of  Havana  with 
lerraand  Enriqne  Cenpedes,  and  at- 


temptedtoorpnixethereoellionlntheTieinitj 
of  tne  capital  where,  however,  the  revotatte- 
ists  dared  not  show  themselves  openly.  The 


part  of  UM  UnmoV 
Santa  Clara,  where 
and  active  force. 
Gen.  Luqne  broke 
go*  and  took  30 
tne  main  body.  1« 
toward  Colon,  hb  force 

ll,-r-   an-!  S 

tin 


•as  a  large  number  of  the  gollowati  of  Antonto 

en  on  a  plantation  where  they  ranilssvunssd, 
anj  •  •,'  '  ••,•:.  rl  lad  with  0ni  -'  m 
Gualberto  Gomes  were  canchC  The  bands  that 


bf 

||    ,::'-..",•... 
•     H  '  »  •         \     ttfl  I] 

:.-  with  a  band 
band  of  Bratin 


M,    r'." 


V    f    r 


-     •  vn'of  v, 


•  \       m 


S<<rilla  the  revolutionists  under  the  command  of 
Gen.  Guillermon  Moncada  repelled  the  attack 
of  1,000  of  Brif.-Gen.  LacbambrVs  regular 


troops,  and  subsequently  captured  a  plantation 
r   soWters,     On  a  plantation    near 
guard  was  captured. 


'.'14 


(THA. 


in  th«- 


tin- 

Gen. 

at    I**    Nnm*.     '!'»»• 
mholedthersbtUion  in  the 
t^laitMl^^h^reshre. 
i1.  H  loand 


J«nr«  Afidrre  sarrsit«lrrr<U .( h  t heir 
"  1 1  \iiliiriiill i  youm 


.  who  joined  the  insurgents 
of  the  proffered  amnesty  and 
nee  because  the/  found 
with  bands  of  brigands 
..f  Malaga*,  or  with  negroes  led  by 
.    The  rfiftur  in  Santa  Clara,  an  in- 
etotrt  the  vicinity  -f  H..|Kuin. 

mar  del  Bio  lUrted  by  Gen.  ABOUT,  and  finally 
v  ,  ,  .       ,  :      IV. ..-.:, 

in  Puerto  Principe  came  to  nothing. 
i.r-     •       •    ;.:..„   :,!    ."..  •     •  „ 
tort  of  the  ialand.     Hut  there  6,000 
in  araJTsocoessfully  defied  the  Govern- 


A  battalion  wms  at  once  brought  over  from 
Puerto  Rfoo,  and  a  force  of  7,000  men  was  sent 
fromSfitin.  The  prefects  in  all  the  provinces 
resigned,  and  were  replaced  by  military  officers. 
In  Havana  (rash  arrests  were  made  of  prominent 


prominent 

Mono  Castle  was  filled  with  pris- 
oner*. On  March  ?  the  Spanish  Cortes  granted 
••United  credit  for  the  purpose  of  stamping 
oat  the  rebellion.  The  civic  guard  in  Havana 
refused  to  march  against  the  rebels  in  Santiago. 
In  the  mountains  of  that  province  they  were 
uita  Clara,  as  well  as  Santiago 
VA*  declared  in  a  state  of  siege, 
authorities  had  asserted  in  the  be- 
_  that  no  rebellion  cxist^l.  only  an 
•of  brigandajre.  When  compelled  to  a- In  ;i 
with  a  |H)litii-al  insurrec- 
ilailv  th«-  rapture  of  some 
ami  dumereion  of  his  band. 
The  bauds,  however,  were  beard  of  later 

fling  proportions.    Whereas  it  was 

in  the  beginning  to   send 


that  they  had  to  deal 

.     r,j     -••    .    ,:, 

Isvler  and  die  rout  a 


to  Cuba,  it  was  decide*   early  in 
to  dispatch  80.000  troops  and    t<.  m 
the  work  to  Field- Marshal  Martinei  Cam- 
l  who  had  gone  oat  in   1878  and  brought 
aa  eod  io  1*»  the  ten  years' 

vfcstt  he  ha*  been  known  as  the  Pacific^ 

OfSJf 


-1 8tsAes  oooml  general  made  a  de- 
^Uis^aM^flly.  AipUm,  Peraxa.  and  Ca- 
^Awtai  eMMMieJd  aa  political  prison- 
erm.U  tried  by  the  civil  ooort*  with  benefit  of 
' JS^1.1101  ^.««t«»tiaL  The  GOT- 


tod-^rrf^^irfhiGS^Ii 
took  every  precaot 


to 


gents.     The  Spani>h  man-of-war  '•  Infanta  Isa- 
:  ;ii    K,N    \V,M    I,- 

pniK'  there,  ready  to  chase  any 
thal  put  to  sea,     .Mim-t.-r  'l'a\l..r  in  Ma.ln.l  in- 
mUh    I'n-.nu-r   that   tin-   I'nit.-d 
States  Govermnenl  \v<ml«l  d<>  its  utm.^t  • 
\.-nt  tin-  littin^  «-ut  of  filibustering  eipeditiona, 

\iini-|«-an    .Bailors.    Au^uM     liollrii    and 


.     iirln-u.  win.  landed  in    a  small    I  mat 
in  diftn-jv-*  ami  wen-  iinpri  -aniiap»  d.- 

Cuba,  were  tried  i.y  tin-  «  mi  court  at  tin-  «i, 

c.f  tin-  I'liitrd  StttU«.H  consul  aiid  wm-  ac<: 
of  complicity  in   tin-   rvl.rllion.      An 
<  'uliaii  I'irth  urreMi-d  in  8 
•  ti:  of  Ic^'al  trial  through  the  intervention 
of  the  consul. 

Col.  Santocildes  hat!  an  encounter  with 
gents  near  Guantanamo  on  March  it).   <  >n  March 
17  Col.  Bosch  engaged  the  Land-  of 
Brooks  near  U  11  oa.    In  Santia^Mihe*. 
forces  were  unable  to  cope  with  tin-  ivi.cl>.  \\ho 
soon  occupied  and   fortified  some  of  the  i..\vns 
and  ti«-gan  to  levy  taxes.     Be>i 
Atnador   Gucrra,    K>t  cl.au   'rmiiayii.    and    oth.-r 
guerrilla  chiefs,  \\lio   had  al.oiii    1  .'Jim  men.  and 
the  larger  fore.-*  «,f   llmr\  :..!  (v»uintin 

I'.anderas,  Jesus  Kabi  held  Baire  and  .li^iiani 
with  1,500  men  and  Bartol.m.e  Masso  had  1,000 
men  at  Man/anillo.  (  >n  March  ^"J  M.i-o  am- 
buscaded aconvoy  south  of  Hol^uin  and  cap- 
tured arm.-,  ammunition,  and  coninii- 
and  later  he  inflicted  a  defeat  •  .inch. 

The  Spaniards  under  Col.  Santocild. 
a   more  serious  reverse  at    Havana.  l«.sii. 
men  and  being  saved  from  annihilation  01 
the  arrival  of  re-enforcements.     (>n    Ma- 
there  was  a  pitched  batt  le  at  .laragtiana  be 
600  infantry  and  300  cavalry    under   .  \mador 
Guerra  and   1,000  troops  commanded  I 
Araoz,  who  form«-d  his  men  into  a  hollow  square 
to  meet  five  charges  of  the  Cuban  h»»r>«  men,  and 
finally  assumed  the  aggressive,  compelling  the 
assailants  to  retreat. 

A  commission  sent  to  make  terms  with  the 
eastern  rebels   was    angrily   rel.ulTed   l>\ 
Masso,  who  threatened  t<>  execute  upon  Baptist! 
Sport  orno,  formerly  ('resident   of  the  Cul 
public   and    now  a  leader  of  the   Aut..i, 
nis  own  decree  of  death  to  nny  commissioner 
proposing  terms  short  of  the  independei 
Cuba.     The  men  of  standing  were  still  waiting 
for  the  action  of  the  leaders  of  th<    mov< 
abroad  and  would  have  nothing  to  do  wit  h  t  he 
rebels  in  the  field  whose  predatory  tactics  re- 


Jose  Marti  and  Maximo  Gomez  issued  on  Man  h 
25,  from  Monte  Cristi,  Hayti,  the  following  mani- 
Dsjlo: 

•var  IM  not  apninht  the  Spaniard,  who.  - 
by  bin  children  and  hv  loyalty  to  the  c<> 
the  latter  will  entablihl 

upectod  and  even  loved,  that   liKcrty  whi.-h  wilfonly 
aweep  away   th<-    th*n;.-  •     i.l-..-k    it 

N«>r  will  the  war  be  the  cradle  of  «1  whi<-h 

are  all  •  ration  of  the  Caban  ohan 

•    tyranny.      Thotwj  who  huvi    j. 
it  and  who  are  vtill  ita  sponsora  declare  in  it 
to  the  country  ita  freedom  in.m  all  ) 
indulifenoe  to  the  timi<l   Cul-an.  and   it>  radical  rc- 
apect  for  the  dignity  of  man.  whieh  «-onMit".- 
amew  of  battle  and  the  foundation  of  tin:  republic. 
And  they  reaffirm   that  it  will  be  magnanimous 


•::  • 


only  with  vlM.  and 


• 


•"    • 

•         •  '     - 

•vdtohfll    i»a*    •  a*«rfW^^  v^^aa>  sea*. 

-r  ..-.".    ^ ,    ,/:      ,  : 

..         •  •'.•..    ..-.•..•••. 

{ar,      if.,  pan  .-•  .     .•-.,-     iu      .--.-- 

.»  r».«-  »«r. 

•    . 
r  of  emancipation  and  their  eommoa  labor 

rr.s.i'.r..  •'..•-.  .  rl     .slaven  .,....»,!  •  ..- 

ion  ehaofe  of  a  man  who  he- 

-.-•.»..:    (01       ..        ..-      •»•         •-       •..-    :  '      '     ' 

HI     Wj    Mlw    PlIUWsw    f^Piejwiti 

or  of  a  free  man,  and  the  amiable  char- 


-      .IAO  tnoaonaim  of  C%tiha,  Uwtead  of  the 

,,.!t.    ,„  ,i..    Irsl   war.  t.'-    r,  -      .-.   ..    ,:      i, 
4oa»  no*  Bauer  or  fear,  expects  to  find  auoh  afleetioo- 

vwwUl  U  Ihorter,  lu  dUartrr.  lea^  and  more  easy 

*M  fnni.i:>  :!..    -  -•-  lunit  peso)     a  wl          •  •    •- 

/rihrr  will  termi- 

aat.  it.     If  they  do  txt  ill  treat  u.  w.  will  Dot  ill 
treat  thru,     1..  •  them  respect  and  they  will  be  re- 

X,,i  «..:«.,-.».  r  ••,--......  n.i'.r..  :..--.   RtO 


|L 


Antonio    Maceo.  with    l-'i-.r 

>lher   officer*,   inclmli 

and  Joai  Maoeo,  arrival  fmm 

u  equipped  with 

The  Spanish  Government 

afcoati    t,,    r-.-nf,.r,.    th-  U-  • 

guarded  the  coart,  l> 


/rpt  the  itivatlore  again  at  (  u- 

hrtn  HI  Miiii/Miullo.    The 

•h.-in 

lien,    u  i    th-    -a. 

le  and  another  American 
the  members  of  the  expedition 
l>y  the  Spaniards.    They  were 

>d  on  tin*  ur-.-nt  demand  of  t  h.- 

•iiMilur 

lamade  in  Havana  to  liberate 

lie  powder  magazine  in  thehar- 
arrvati  were  made  in  th- 

Villinlll-  ilitiTVi-!  :»lf  Of 

i  American  cit  ixcn,  arrested  aa 
of  re-enforcement  *  fmm  Spain 
.  Ho  was  reported  to  I* 

)n  April  13  a*  pan  of  hi*  force 
it  near  Palmcnto.  when  by  snr- 
ounded  by  8.000  S|>anianK  and 
wugh  with  hearv  looses.  The 
r  Crombct,  a  rvvolut ionary  hero. 


was  one  of  the  slain:  but  ha  was  killed  by  * 
traitor    in    hl»  own   party.  one  ttojo.  who  va* 
if.i  caught  and  hanged  by  Maoso,    Blaa- 
where  tha  insurgents  were  amassivaly  active 
»rwdd*ily.lo  whWilWOoT. 

x          •       •»  •     •       .  •  • 


.4    •!••    I^aMutias,  near    Puerto 

» ney.  near  Santiagt*  d«  ( 'uba,  was 

-•d  and  the  annory  plundered,  (a  M.  IU- 

STcarUetaZ  and  other  ptoea"r 
ista  reaortad  to  explosiras.    The 
iards.    eapecially   the   workingmaa. 

iniurgeiil*   oj.-nly    in    iiii-n-a^ing     n 
gave  them  secret  at«l. 


Abroad,  and 

rector  and  Commander  in  Chief  of  the  Fororn 

Marshal  Martinet  Canno*  wto  tvooaadad  Cal- 
le ja  as  Captain  General  aad  norasMnder  of  tha 
fved  with  re-enforotments  oa  April  16 


iiitanamo.  fhj  the  day  followiaf  ha  ta 
« -  Innmt  ion  pladcilur  himatif  to  carry  ool 


posed  mainly  of  S| «nian K  and  the  A 
The  leaders  of  these  parties  dad 
<>f  the  Government,  and  aa  the  A 
otabV  s 


in    far.* 

' 


the  late  revolution,  the 


party  WM  a  dam|ier  to  the  revolution.      Many 
respectable  dtiieni  belonging  to  thU  part  y  now. 

;.  .«.  ..-.-•    •  .-   "./  •   •      . 


ther  reforms  than  thoee  voted  by  the  Toru*.  be- 
gan  to  give  moral  tupport  and  material  aj.l  to 
the  rebellion,  and  some  of  the  yooaptr  ones 


th    armed  themselves  and  went  to  join 


gwita  in  the  del*  1  1  1  arana  and  the 

•.nsteamen  for  th.-  ,t«  or  the 


.  Islands,  intending  to  aid  in  the  fit- 

form  could  not  stop  from  landing  on  the  ooaat. 
«  ainnos  offered  pardon  to  all  insor- 


pardon 

gents  who  would  lay  down  their  arms,  except 
leaders.  He  appointed  Crea.  Garrich  governor 
of  tha  province  of  Santiago,  with  Gea.  Halcedo 
asoommaiHler  of 
haadnuanem  at  Santiago  de  Cuba,  aad  Gen.  La- 


SamJar>daCuba,aad 
commaadarof  tha  Second  Division  at 

the°<Spani*h  Cortes  authorise.!  the  Govern- 
ment toraise  600.000.000  pesHa.  for  the  « p- 
preasion  of  tha  rfAtlUoa.«kadsosM  toiaeraasa 

•-.     '  '    r    ...'•-.    ;^      -...,'-••. 

lber*™w&Wl«£ooa.*r»\tf>r<VW» 
more  ready  to  sail  in  August  for  aa  aggressive 
campaign  'after  the  rainy  evaana  was  over.  The 
raw  recruits  that  came  from  Spain,  mostly  boys 
of  eighteen  and  nineteen,  were  almost  worthless 
whe?  pitted  against  the  tougheoed  negro  guer- 
rillaa.  who  slapToa  tha  ground  without  sioW 
ing  aad  sabsMed  when  tiecessary  on  the  wild 
fruits  of  tha  country.  The  Spanish  commissary 
arrangements  were  so  defective  that  the  troops 


could  not  be  moved  in  any  numbers.    The  con- 


ITBA. 


and  the  provi- 
were  ecbed  by 
the  cattle  DMS 


Spani*  soldier,  could  not 
o    txhtnd  tm    and  made 


TW  black  minea  of 
list  lead  of  Floriano 


Spanianls  with  their  machetes  and  put  them  to 
ived  in   a   narrow  detiie   a 

relief  column  of  150  cavalry  and  -loo  infantry 
that  came  up  from  Songo.  In  these  engage- 
menUover  irdf  were  killed.  Gascon's 

hand,  armed  i.nlv  wit! 

nowpro\id.-d  with  r»<>  rilles  and  10,000  roundi 
of  ammunition.  Lieut,  (i allege  WES  after- 
ward tried  by  court-martial  and  .shut  for  snr- 
n-iiderini;  his  command  without  li^htin^.  as  was 
also  another  officer  of  the  same  name  who  was 

f    coxvardic,-.      Ca|-t.   .Malla.  «  aptim-d 
while    escorting   pr-\ -i-ion 
placed  under  arrest  when  he  retnmeii  on  ; 
hut  the  feeling  that  had  l>een  a  roused  again 
severe  penalties  kept  the  authorities  from 
cuting  any  more  officers.    Gascon  and  his  hand 
joined  Maceo,  who,  with   the  negroes  1< 
(^nintin    Handera  and    the  hardy  mounla 
of  Perico  Perez,  had  now  over  2,5<M»  mm   at 
Jarajueca.     Gen.  Salcedo   made   extraordinary 
efforts  to  catch  Maceo.    He  sent  out   four  col- 
umns for  tin-  purpose  of  surrounding  him.  hut 
he  passed  through  the  cordon   and    retreated 
safely  into  the  mountains.    A  still  met 

effort  was  made  to  head  off  Gome?,  and 
Marti,  but  with  the  aid  of  their  frit  •ml-  they 
found  little  difficulty  in  eluding  the  pianK  tha't 
occupied  all  the  roads. 

on  April  29  a  detachment  of  700  Spaniards 
was  decoyed  into  attacking  Jose  Maceo  at 
Arn>yo  Hondo,  near  Guantanamo.  He  had  so 
disposed  his  force  as  to  surround  and  fall  upon 
the  Spaniards  with  three  men  to  then 
They  fought  courageously  and  finally  cut  th.-ir 
way  through  and  retreated,  having  lost  150 
killed  and  inflic1  losses  on  tne  enemy. 

Col.  Capello,  the  Spanish  commander  who  was 
thu-  entrapped,  was  relieved  of  the  command  at 
Guantanamo,    being   succeeded  by    I'.ri. 
Kazan. 

On  May  6  Maceo's  men  raided  Crist o,  burning 
the  bridges  of  the  railroads  running  to  S 
and  San  Luis  and  tearing  up  the  track 
train  bringing  troops  was  derailed,    and    the 
troops  after  they  left  the  train  were  fired  upon 
from  an  ambush.    The  same  band  of  in-urp-nts 
raided  Caney  also,  and  burned  buildings. 

On  May  14  at  Jobito,  near  Guantanamo,  400 
soldiers  were  surrounded  by  1,200  insurants  l.  d 
by  the  two  Maceos.    Lieut.-Col.  Bosch  \\  a  s  k  i  1 1  ed 
in  the  first  onslaught,  but  Major  K..1.;.-  held 
the  position,  resiling  successive  attacks,  until 
re-enforcements  came,  when  the  Spaniards  ad- 
vanced and   deflated   the  rebels,  who  1' 
killed  and  wounded,  while  on  tin  S|..,;..-h  >id< 
100  were  killed  and  80  wounded. 

A  guard  of  600  soldi,  rs.  while  escorting  pro- 
visions from  Santiago  to  Bayamo,  attacked  l>y 
800  rebels,  fled  in  confusion,  leaving  behind  the 
stores  and  70  dead  and  wounded. 

A  convention  was  held  on  May  1H  at  which 
delegates  representing  each  100  revolnt  i. .; 
the  field  elected  Bartolome  Masso  Presideni  "f 
the  Cuban  H.-puhlic.  Maximo  (jomex  (ieneral  in 
Chief,  and  Antonio  Maceo  Commander  in  Chief 
of  the  Oriental  Division. 

Marti  intended  to  embark  for  Jamaica,  while 

Gomez  was  about  to  proceed  in  the  direction  of 

Miranda  killed.    The    Camaguey,  escorted  by  the  forces  of  Masso.    On 
I  upon  the  demoralized    May  19,  while  Masso  with  the  bulk  of  his  troops 


to  fight  the  in- 

(in  ihetr  own  way.  After  a  while  he 
i«  mil  into  the  service  the  young  Span- 
vufed  in  Cuba,  who  were  better  a. ,  h- 
than  the  raw  troops  from  the  south  of 
Spain.  These  emigrants  are  released  from  the 
obligation  to  serve  in  the  regular  army  on  the 
eondsUoa  of  their  Joining  the  volunteers  or 
bom*  guards  in  Cuba,  in  which  many  of  them 
held  coeamsfttton*.  When  th.  ritend 

out  to  serve  in  the  rank*  •  tnoUned  to 

mutiny,     lie  derided  Ufer  to  -•  lo  Be- 

nitac,  a  guerrilla  chieftnin  of  th.-  former  revolu- 
tion, wl»  liad  been  condemned  f.  r  ) 
to  life  imprisonment  and  was  a  convict  in  Ceuta, 
Africa.  This  man  was  pardoned  and  com  mis- 
sioned a  lieutenant  colonel  in  the  Spanish  army. 
on  condition  that  he  would  fight  his  country- 
men with  their  own  tactics,  of  « inch  he  was  a 
master  The  Spanish  officers  in  Cuba  protested 
when  they  learned  that  this  bandit  was  to  be 
sent  into  the  field  at  the  head  of  convicts  re- 
leased from  Cuban  jails. 

Maiimo  Gomes  and  Jose*  Marti,  starting  from 
Cape  llaytien.  landed  on  the  coast  southwest  of 
Cape  Maysi  on  April  18  with  80  companions, 
most  of  them  veterans  of  the  former  war.  They 
MBeliiluil  in  joining  Perico  Perez,  whose  band 
of  l.ooo  cavalry  defeated  Col.  Bosch  on  April  1G 
and  again  on  April  18  at  Sabana  de  Jaibo,  where 
Gome*  directed  the  charge.  This  force  united 
with  Maceo,  who  assumed  command  of  the 
tions  in  the  east  With  his  blacks  and 
to  exposure  and  privation,  hi- 
ations  until  the  whole  province 
obeyed  him  except  the  Spanish  fortified  posts. 
The  planters  and  traders  were  forced  to  coin  n  I. - 
ute  under  the  penalty  of  having  their  property 
destroyed.  For  provisions  and  store  good*  the 
insariiuui  usually  paid,  but  bones  they  took 
wfccrmr  they  found  them,  without  giving  com- 
nenesliuii,  and  beef  cattle  too,  but  they  were 
not  to  kill  cows.  Juan  Castillo  was 
lot  by  order  of  Masso  for 
Masso  held  the  Bayamo 
vest  of  Santiago,  from  the  middle  of 


»f  Jnragua  went  out  under 
Gascon,  and  on  April  21 
000  men.  surprised  60  sol- 


-  w^waaf  ejBSJOTa     vi«      *  *  i  •  i  1 1      «»  i 

Mshand, numbering 000 man, surprised  60  sol- 
•BWL  Bommsmiud  by  Lieut  Benjamin  Galleao. 
whc ^  b*.  left  fi  the  vill^^of  Ramonlte 


he 


<  t  HA. 


had  gone  to  intercept  a  convoy,  and  Marti  had 
last  parted  from  Gomea,  who  had  TOO  cavalry,  a* 


guide  directed  Col.  Sandoval  and 
arrow  ravine,  where  Marti  and 
ild  I*  entrapped.    The  entire  party 
f  30  wa-  annihilated.  Marti  leading  then,  ...  a 


un.    »*-  «.nr"  '.n-.-..  an  I   «:".  •!::!.••,'  » 

•••ani'h  line*.   Gome*  him- 
attempt  to  rescue  Marti'-  l»-|%.  w*» 

*fi.l   wa»    h,-l|M..|    ..(T    t  !,.-    !. 
Horrrn.      Th-  Cubans   then   r,-»rrut,.|    ,.,   •!.>.  r 
4er.  having  lost  about  50  k>: 
ti«8|»anishlosswa»5 

•  lonary  partr.  after  long  doubt' 
*•*.  was  convinced  that  Marti  was  indeed  dead 

• 

•»as  pre*i  party.   Manuel  San- 

l.tui  later  a«  rcpre- 


tnsurgents  destroyed  the  Tillage  of  Palca- 
y  flre  on  May  IS,  nnd  burned  huildiiurt 
eaqoe,an*l  I  th.-\  tit.--!  th< 

men  that  Maceo  had  concentrated  in  the 
Jarajneoa,  there  were  8,000  under 

in   ..tli.-r  part-   ..f   BantiagO,     JotJ    >!.»••   - 

wtn.-n  near  Guantanamo,  and  M.-i— •  *•<•<' 
Manianillo  ,IiMn.-t.     The  whole  eastern 
ry  WM  at  the  mercy  of   the  predatory 

wn  of  Santiago.    The  troops  were  afraid 
or  broke  out  among  the 
ra  sooner  than  was  expected.    The  num- 
f  the  insurgents  were  constantly  aug- 
!   ».V    th«-    H.-r,-.M,,M    "f    r—j  M,  t ,»» ,|,.    \v  |,  l! ,-,. 

ad  hitherto  held  aloof,  and  of  laborers 

>H  after  the  sugar-gri 

one.     The  total  force  of  the  insurgents 
d  to  10,000  men,  of  whom    7,000  were 

alccdo,aft 

cosssful  campaign  against  Maceo,  in  which 
fe •nafloUmated  s^mar.u  prowd  tkattHlm 
•Hklatoflght  th.-  Mtfiti  u.  UM  BMBjataioi  and 

•H  till 

the  rainy  season  was  over.    As  a  strategic  meat- 
would  also  senre  as  the  means  of  pla- 
the  Cuban   people,  one  of  whose  corn- 
wan  that  of  all  their  revenue  not  more 
$380,000  was  actually  oxfiended  on  public 

ctar  tham  from' joinii 
from  patriotic  mot  ire*.  »n.l  t  »„•  laborers,  I. 
lag  them  employment,  from  going  int.. 
•potts  and  ,ioh  was  mount- 

ing to  famine  figures,  Marnhnl  « 

I  a  railroad  across  the  island  from  Puerto 
v  to  SantA  Cruz,  another  from  Manxa- 
ra  and  Bayaroo,  nn.l   A  thinl    from 
Ouantanamo  to  Santiago,     II     , 

^uade  the  American  syndicate  operatini; 

nchesi  fn>m 


Sn:  Paltna  Soriano  and 

pom  Songo  towanl  •  r  plateau.  And 

he  pm(Mwnl  to  make  ImrUtf  unprorements. 

•«e  to  the  American  company  thnt 
they  miffh'  Material  for  the  new  rail- 

road i  ;•  v  free  was  retoed  by  the  Spani>i 

(lien  would  not  allow  them  even  to 


bring  in  material  to  repair 

«n>Ted  by  the  rebels  without 
paring  the  doUea.  wnicb  aft  Dr, 
The  Si«nbh  war  ninsneas  for  three  *^*mht 

-  ......  •      •      -        ':.. 

Oen*  oalcedo  issued  an  order  00  J  nne  5  direct* 

ing  hb  column^  to  Are  without  warning  upon 
<raoo  fkmml  out  of  doors  aflar  dark.     The 
French  consul  protested.    The  Aral  m>ult 
regulation  wa«  that  two  s 


marching  in  contran 

utiago  fired  several  volleys  at  each 
killing  and  sen-  >ding  several  men. 

.  supplies  of  arms  and  recruits  for  the 
rebels  war*  brought  into  UM  island  by  small 
fishin/r  smacks  or  larger  vessels  in  spite  of  the 


patrolling  fninUat*.     It 

stands  of  arms  wan  lent  to 

at  various  time*.    CoL 

Mariano  Torres  landed 


I  ,-.-,•      • 


boded  early  in  May  from  Ja- 
men.  On  May  IS  the  yacht 
-Corona"  brought  45  men  from  Georgia.  This 
was  said  to  be  UM  sixth  expedition  that  had 
arrived  from  the  Southern  State*.  The  rebel* 

».••:•!     •••-••     •  •    ••     ••    •       

abroad.     Suspecting   tlm 

of 


noyed  at  the  character  of  the 

they  publishedL  Campos  gave  orders'  to 

|.«l-.  r .    Eraspondsjdi  r    laa*  ••..    -..,-.  . 

\   '      •        vr      /  ..;•:•      •         "     f.     •     .'•       •      .' 

•ien.  Carlos  Roloff.  Gen.  Seraflo 


and  Geo.  Jose  Maria  Rodriguez,  on  June  ft,  com- 

the  last°revolut?on^  wUh7 1?000  repeat^  riflas 
small  ca 


•—../.   -«~~ 


and  ammunition, 

and  500  pounds  of  dynamite.     An 

tugboat,  the  -George  W.  Child*,-  which  the 

revolutionary  committee  had  purchased,  and  an 

English  schooner  conveyed   the  partv. 

landed  in  Las  Villas,  near  Sag* 

the  north  coast  of  the 

Their  lamlii 

llo 

in    the  <!•*• 
and  armed  t>v  Roloff,  who  assumed  UM 

The  fitting  out  of  the  Roloff  expedition  in  an 
an  port  caused   lh« 
ible  their 

flhlmstrruu-.    Several  more 
the  cruiser*  "  Atlanta  "  and  * 
to  Florida  and  UM  Gulf.    OnJuoe" 
Cleveland  Jasusd  a  jSJimtimatiiiii  warning  dti- 


toast  of  the  province  of  Santa  Clara, 
ing  was  protected  by  the  band*  of 

!;  .    .   .   -. 

trict.     These  forces  war*  niMBJarf 


:h,     ,      .'.   : 
commissiisM 


g  part  in  thedvil 
I*  laws  of 


procuring  others  to  eolUt  in  such  service,  by  fit- 
ttng  out  or  arming,  or  procuring  to  be  fitted  out 
and  armed,  ships  of  war  for  such  service,  by 
augmenting  UM  force  of  any  such  si 


augmenting  UM  force  of  any  such  »rtip  ir 

- 

or  providing  or  preparing  the  means  for 
tarr  enterprises  to  be  carried  on  from  the  Ui 


in  the 

mili- 
from  the  United 

[-!,     :>  '    - 


(IT.  A. 


flam. 


awi  durinir  th«  actkm 
•BfctrrofUtowniMn. 


he  was  killed  by 


efficient  abettor  of  the  revolution.    Other 
UK-HI   men  were  in  sympathy  with  it. 

;.»  resigned  the  mayoralty  of  > 
tun, 

it*  took  command  of  th-    rebels  in  the 
e  ,-f  Puerto  Prim-iiM'.  and  soon   he  had  a 
men.   wito   which    he    held    the 
liut   he  was  unable  with  I  his 
plii-d   with   munitions, 
ions    held 
Mella. 


Miuill  army.  M-untily   Hi|.|.lii-«l   with   mun 
operate  against  the  t"riiii«-<i  |...-ini.n 
bj  the  i  |»s  of  Major-Gen.  I'.-.ln. 


n  to  form  in  Puerto 
of  which  united  under  Cas-    tin-  military  governor.     Marshal  (am 


M 


").   AT  THE  MOtTH   Of  THB  ALXEKDARB8,  CUBA. 


Other*  were  led  by  bandit  chiefs,  such  as 
«.  Mlrmhrl.  and  Mafioc.  Miro  and  Mar- 
•surfed  enQtribotiofis  around  Hol^iiin. 
•1  Oanprw  had  a  cordon  «  f  \.(**>  troops 
•  •cram  the  Wand  to  guard  everv  mad 
wUoh  Oomac  could  enter  Poorto 
ht dipped  through  with 
Jtht  rhw  Jobabo,  entered 
<NiJ«MS.  HbfotMWMimmr 

•M.  M  bf  «  Mphaw  of  Salvador 
qife  of  Santa  Lucia,  who  was  an 


graphed  at  <wr  for  fresh  re-en forceim-n- 
issued  nn  order  f<»r  tin  r-miM-ripts  of 
and  1894  to  n-jH.rt   f«»r  servi«-r.     The  Spanish 
Oorerninent  <l«-<-i«l<-<l  to  dispatch  at  one*   in.:,(»u 
troops,  besides  1,500  cavalry  alren.ly  on  tl 
prosperous  planters  of  Puerto  Ti 
however  much  th«-v  -ympathi/ed  with  th- 
lution.  w.-n-  unwilling  to  invite  the  ve.np 
of  the  lemil  fJovernme.nt  by  overt  acts  of  rebeM 
<  >n  .Tune  i«  the,  province  was  declared  to 
be  in  a  state  of  siege. 


01   MA. 


ni 


rtth  000  SMB.  CantOred  the  village  of 


of  Rahi,   1,500 
•HOTC.  fell  upon  the  Spaniards  with  their  MO- 

<AS*M.ai..l  kill. 

-.-.:.,•,•..       ' 


act  of  a  >i«ani"»n  emissary  in  ine  i.m«in 

•,-..    In  these  places  be  gut  800  Maassr 


'.•    • 


army  stores,  MM  de- 

•1   A  I  form  > 


.ti.  n>    N    plant. »ti    n  •  "ii 

,.t  tottoo££it£n  dev- 

'uiiit HT  ;•  MI-  w  •  r '   ' !•  »'  r '  •  \ "  •  I 

uttf  o(T  tli.  Hiippltes 

4uel.  ami    Nit.- vitas, 

.  railway*.  an<l  telegraphs 

he  Spanish  cavalry,  after 

;uas.  were  afraid  !•'•  meet 
>f ul  in  repressing  the  rev- 


•       •:-.::•• 

«  • '  •    Bud 


1 ; ,  •  - 


n        arms    n 
t   in  each  case 


i  province  also;  out  wnen 
ma  general   through  the 

Jucara  in 

tea  from  crossing  over  to 
rebel  army  of  Camaguey. 

roholrt      thft    f}ovor»iiii>iit 


lays*,  a  gi 
di*rut   J 


•  •rt.-d    Ui.it     M    w    ti    .i    -.  :    '    :  \    ..\i  r 
lofT-    in-  n   •*          .'         '.'"i   V.  _'.»   A  .'.i. 

.^•ainot   him  at  Vi*t.-» 

.i  Ik-lit  with  Col.  '/M- 
SAora  :»'  ilia. 

i   places  and  fa  t.-,-t  th.  ir 

ttaes  of  commtiiiir«tiiiii.     i»n  July  1  th.    n-U-N 
lost  a  dashing  fighter  in  Amu  t.  who 

ifter  he  I.,. 
featr*!  a  l»and  ..f  (tuveniment  v.iliint«<ers  at  Pal- 

^^m  near  Portillo  with  4  cannon  and  a  qiian- 
n -h  he  abandoned  t 

returning  with 
;»«!   l.."»«M»  men  «'ii  tin-   f..i;..» 
•i  ami  t.-  'r. 

»rao.  near  Jiguani.  tn  the  Man- 
•anillo  ,U<  with  500  fresh 

was  beguiled  by  a  false  message  into  a 


a  plan  of  lien.  Salefdo  to  dote  in 
Macro's  camp  at  San  Jorge  with  the 
S  avarro  and  Gen.  Gasoo. 

Bandera,  when  attacked  bv  1JMO  nrwlv  laadad 

troops  under  Gt  Navarn.  at  (i ran  Pie» 

h  nftV  firr  frtrta  cover 

followed  by  a  maektt*  charge,  and  mptured  a 
large  f|imnt  it  y  of  arm*  ami  ammunition. 
1 1  it  position  the  same  < 

wa«n 

|m*  uwued  anew 

..  proraisinir  immunity  t 

who  surrendered,  while  those  caught  with 

in  their  bands  would  be  tried  by  court-martial 

iin.i  tot, and  BOMpteft  r.  sjaft  n  -,  hstaa  tj 

d.i  u-  »- 

July  0  there  was  an  encounter  U 
:  latin  (Sam  111  ami  (*m.  Navarr 
Avispero.  in  «h  .niards  lost  30  UUbd 

m  troops  concentrated  by  Macao  in  the 

layamo 

•  ry  train  of  snpnfies  that  was 
"f)  men  started  from 

Masaino  under  Marahal  ram|«»  and  Gen.  Pidal 
Bantoeildes  for  th.   r. ... '  .  '  ••,    -  .-.  •  .-  pnr> 
MIS  attacked  on  July  11  at  PeraEjo, 


.  -  v  . 


,:-,-: 

near  ValswJwall,  by  8,700  insuffssjti 
ceo,  who  made  an 

i  .-I...1  h>  MatT.  it.  defending  whom  Gen. 
Santocikles  was  killed.  The  Spaniattb  wera 
caught  in  an  ambush  and  surrounded  on  four 
sides.  After  fight  i  nc  «>n  th.-  defensive  for  five 
hours,  they  broke  through  the  cordon  and  re- 
treated to  Itayamo.  the  rear  guard  fighting  all 

led.    The  Cubans,  who  lost  100  saem. 

rii|.tun-.l  the  Spanish  ammunition  train. 


Campos  remained  in  liavamo  ut 
Valte  arrived  on  July  21  with  1.400  SMI 
protM-t    hi*,    r.trvat    ova?    the   road   by    whi 
he  came.    Songo  and  the  other  ontposU  war* 

i!   •       I-      .      '•  '-•-.'     K.o   - 


the  garrison 
ft 


aft.r  th-v   ha.) 
cent  rate  K 

n  and  hi% 

of  the  fort  at 

the  town  to  ashes  in  order  to  force  the  traps  to 

niinvndrr.     Th.-y  werv  rrlievcd  at  Urt  I 

Xamora  frttm  Ifa'raroa,  who  inflicted  a  loss  of  30 

•ml  escorted  the  garrison  away 

Baire 

was  hssiapd  and  captured  on  July  30  by  Kahi. 
who  paroled  the  garrison  of  30  men  after  they 
Mirrvmlervd.  The  Spanuh  tmopa  under  Gen, 

to  aft  i-r  wan  I  rrtoi»k  the  place. 

The  Provisional  Government  was   formally 

in  the  vallev  of   the   Yara.  and  a 

declaration  of  independence  was  proclaimed  on 

held  n  tho   Ihierto 

Principe  district  on  Aug.  7  the  following  officer. 

•t*  £oeam:  PratMoS  Pieaidaml     '  ••     i:  - 

•ha,  Oen.  Bartoiome  Masso;  Minister 

of  the  Int  Marquis  of  Santa  Lucia; 


HO 

v 


OUBJL 


•Ml  Minister  «f  War.  lien. 


UM  middle  of  July 
f«nlnr.*W«cav»lrv. 
guard* 
The  nava 

of  16  vessels,  to  be  augmented 
ng  to  Spa....  and  p..  that 


•MHMW  mJSto  regular  Infant  nr,  *.«w 
•91  afUlkrr.  415  engineers,  4.400  civil 
1700  marmW  and  1  **.  T 

foico    iiiriitiil  of  IS  voxels,  to  l.e  Mii 


tmilding 

in 


wL!  IX  parrha^l  m   Knclsnd  and  <,.  the 

^sasSs^r^ 

mvvJSttftXtt  Ctl: 

las  under  Gomes,  and  S.OOO  under  K.-l.-ff  and 
ftonchs*  in  Sunu  Clara.  Of  Maceo's  army,  7,000 
hod  Remingtons*  Winchesters*  and  Mansers,  and 
mart  of  the  others  carried  revolvers  or  sh< 
betides  their  SMOftelst.  Malagas  had  400 men  in 


The 


in  the 


of  the  Si«ni.-h  forces  were 
of  August.  Oen.  Jose* 
"  Gen.  Salcedo  ;  Oen. 

Mu  Hoc    replaced    Gen. 


Spanish  Government  decided  to 
send tOjOOO more  troops.  The  losses  by  vdl..w 
fever  and  other  diseases  and  in  battle  had  a! 
nearly  reached  80.000,  Gen.  Campos  ordered  the 
Si*t)i»h  volunteer  companies  to  transfer  each 
lOO  men  to  the  regular  army;  1,800  were  in- 
duced to  Join  on  the  promise  that  they  would 
onlv  be  required  to  do  garrison  duty. 

The  fund*  for  prosecuting  the  war  were  de- 
rived from  the  sale  of  Cuban  bonds  of  the  series 
of  Wetl,  of  which  the  Spanish  Government  had 
I  tOjOOOjQOOpf  sos  at  the  beginning  of  the  rebellion. 
These  ware  disposed  of  at  40  per  cent,  of  their 
nominal  value,*)  per  cent  lower  than  they  were 
"  before  the  outbreak.  They  thus  realised 
ad  nearly  half  of  which  were  ex- 
the  expenditures  having 


On  Aug.  81  a 


Sao  del 
betweaq 
Spanish 

Cot   Ganellas,    who   succeeded 
snamo.    The 


battle  occurred 

de   las   J 
'    3    -     M. and 


at  GuanUnamo.  The  Spanish 
rched  out.  intending  to  attack  the 
Itsbel  camp  at  Gran  Piedra.  The  insurgents  had 
laid  dynamite  mines  under  all  the  roads  ap- 
proarhiug  their  position,  and  5  of  these  were  ex- 
pWed  with  deadly  eftWt.  The  Spaniards  as- 
•Mood  one  of  the  passes  in  the  mo:. 
gnmiinsiil  gnerrflU  chief  Garrido,  noted  alike 
for  military  ability  and  for  barbarity,  having 
•telat  the  beginning  the  other.  The  Spanish 
i|l!SlllJlfl?111'  br»r«'l.r  «P  the  road,  exposed  to  a 
P^lwfwm  the  heights,  and  finally  brought 
•  Jeldfnn  into  action.  Their  penetrated  to  t  h, 
Mwi  camp,  which  they  destroyed,  aft -r  which 
lh»y  rK,r*d  in  the  night.aii  MacWWl  not  onlv 
the  tmopi  that  fm»ghi  them  in  the  pass,  but  as 
t  fr**h  troop*  with  which  to  attack 
ta  the  morning.  A  detachment  of  Cuban 
tmlrjr,  making  al™*  detour,  charged 

iT-sirfcitf..^:^  ,T^t 


of  ihr  insurgents  WHS  :ifi  kill«-<l  and  80  woumlcd. 
Two  days  later  a  column  of  1.500  ni.-n  un«l«-r 
Linares  was  attacked  <-M  the  flank  at  Deil 

Mu. Tic    l.y    Hala     \vliil.-     .  •.  .n\ ,  .yin^ 

stores  ft- -in  r.ilnm  Soriano  t> 
ati«l  lo-t  'J!»  kill.Ml   and  0()  woun«li-i|    :m«|   . 
of  t hi»  stores,    d.  k od  a  provision  train 

and  killed  H2  men.  but  had  to  n-inv.  tindin^  the 
I  |    • 

Th«<  inxurp'iits  hail  increased  to  < 
bv  th»-  tiini-  tin-  Spanish  re-rufi>rrriiH-ntv  :u 
llM  Soldiers  Sent   from  Spain  Wi-n-  ii"t  mi!: 
youths,   but    tin-    flo\\rr   of    tin-    S|ianish 
Some  i if  th»-  railroad  trains  transporting   ' 

.  -1  with  ilynamilr.  and   bridp 
\.-d.     Outsidr   Jif    tin-    citi<-   and   si 
and   tin-   lines  of  railroad   tin-   t«Trii"ry  «  f  the 

pr«'\  i IK TS  as  well  as  the  eastern  pi 
was  occupied  by  thr  n-b.-]>.:  but    M.: 
separatee!  their  two  fi«-l.|-  <>f  o|>crat  \<>\\.     1  laving 
formal  a  junction  with  the  forces  in  Las  Villa* 
and   Santa  Clara,  Gonx  /  intended   t 
war  into  Matanzas,  and  the  Spanish  conn- 
in  chief,  abandoning  all  serious  efforts  to 
in  the  Oriente.  or  (ionic/   in   Can 
laid  plan?  to  prevent  this  invasion  and   ; 
guarus  in  the  sugar  plantations  of  .Mat.m/.as. 
The  attempt  to  protect   the  estates  in 
volted  provinces  nad  been  ineffectual.  f..r  the 
insurgents  had  overpowered  the  guards  ii 
case,  and  destroyed  the  property  as  a  punish- 
ment to  the  owners  for  applying  to  the  <• 
nient  for  protection.    Only  those  planters 
continue  operations  who  paid  the  heavy  « 
but  ions  assessed  upon  them  for  the  sup] 
the  revolution. 

The  strength  of  the  Spanish  forces  afi.rthe 
arrival  of  the  .\uiru-t   re-enforcements  was  re» 
1   to  be  59,700  infantry  of  the  litn 
F  cavalry.  ii.'JOO  artillery,  1,400  en^ 
2,700  marine  infantry.  1,100  mounted  guerri  11  a,s, 
4,400  civil  guards.  1,000  police,  and  8,600  volun- 
teers.    From  the  total  of  80,000  should 
ducted  the  losses,  estimated  to  have  beci 
kflled  in  skirmishes  and  battles,  8,n< 
to  the  enemy  and  ini^sini:.  and  8,000  vi< 
yellow  fever  and  other  diseases.    One 
the  troops  were  needed  to  gnrri-mi  the 
coast  town1-,  and    strategic   outposts,  lea\ 
force  available  for  active  operations  that 
not  greater  than  the  revolutionists  had 
field.   The  Spanish  authorities  planned  to 
ade  the  coast  effectually  with  two  ; 
vessels.    Already  the  \n-  .n«l  it 

cult  to  smuggle  arms  or  men  into  the  is 
Enrique OoUaco. who  planned  a  fresh  expedi 
from  the  I'nit.  nd   other  men  ben 

similar    enteqiriscs    were   closely    watched.     A 
perty  of  young  Culmns  who  ](>;>•  1  with 

munitions  of  war  in  Wilmington.  I  >••!..  w< 
rested,  and  the  cargo  was  seized  l>\  > 
cers.    They  were  trit-d  and  acquitted,  the  simple 
exportation  of  arms  in  a  merchant  vessel  being 
no    violation    of    the     neutrality    laws.       Sailors 
caught   smuggling  contraband  into  Cuba  on  the 
steamer "Mascotte"  were  sentenced   in  tl 
rine  Court  <a  to  seventeen  years'  penal 

servitude  in  (Vuta. 

Juan  Gualherto  Gomez  and  other  memb 
expeditions  who  were  captured  by  the  Spaniards 
were  tried  after  months  of  detention  and  sen- 


1 1 : 


Maria  Agutrre,  an  American  oilissn  ar- 

.     Wa* 

,,;,:»       :.••:.       •         -    •       f    !.'..     I    !..'.-! 
Sanguilly  was 

ii  a  criminal  charge.    He  was  not 
->gof  December,  when  he 


il   hisjajtUi   h    Mi 


•till 


. 


r.  when  be 

Frank 
rramonte  "'«' 

:  umrnt.—  I 

vines*  met  »t   Najaaa,  near  Guaia- 

permanent   government. 

,.  \ur.in,-  uf  Saota  UMfa  DMrifid     HMO, 

Maceo,  Roloff,  and  Oomes 

,l  ,-;,  ,!,-.!    Provisj  sj  il    l'i.  ri  !•  It    vfabad   '  • 

^.ri,  think..,-  thai  »..,„./  riwtdd  IN  UM  n> 

^Ka  WM  discuawtl.  and  rariou*  and  oppo- 
rested  regarding  the  form 

btOb^^foMMMp»tM  aoded  lU  labor*  on 
•nn.-ipe,  where  a 

n»litut  i"ti    f"T   t!i-'    ii'-w    '  ut'.iM    r>-;  >.('..•     w.i> 
^Kd  and  proclaimed  to  the  world.     The 
'  th.-  iv  public  U  by  this  instru- 
—stftlin  a  Conn 

'  "ir 


the  supreme  command.    All  (  ubens  are  obUf«d 
to  serve  the  republic  with  their  persons  and 

,         .-»         •         .-  '      •         :    ;       . .  .  •    . 

of  foreigner*  is  exempt  from  taxation,  provided 

•-  ,         '     .  •     _•      •  •   '  •    :     •   •    '  •     '  .'  ' .    . 

from  the  beginning  of  the  war  u>  the  date  of  it* 

,•      :.      '      '•    '      ..-.'    .'-     '.  '       :         .       • 

The  judicial   authority  Will  be 

,!.!,'        '     •      .        -  .        -• 


latitre  bmnohes  of  the  OovemmenL 

.•.:..,•.".;:.•  . 

liiwinaj  permanent  ofHcials  of  the 

>f  the  Bepoblie,  Salvador 
a|   PMrto   Pfil    ;-    ' 


•       ' 


•  •f  tln>  Depart  - 

.-•h  secretarr  has  a  dcj- 
t-as«  of  a  vacancy.    The  ministerial  gov- 
>t  Im-  authority  to  make  laws  dealing 
!  affairs  of  the  repub- 
.  but  ions  and  contract  loa- 
mi  troops,  to  declare  reprisals 
iv.  ami.  if  in  the  judgment  of 
v  necessary,  to  inter- 
vene in  military  op-ration*.    The  military  or- 
nnces  as  drawn  up  by  the 
eoram  i  ^re  subject  to  the  approval 

il,  as  also  are  treaties  made  by  the 
tty  of  peace  with  Spain 
f'Hrm  an  absolute  basis  of  ind«-|H-n«Ience 
and  after  it  has  been  ao- 
!it  in  •  'ounril  of 

Emitted  for  ratifleation 
resentatives  convoked  for 

ss  it  has  the  sanction  of 
u  power  to  dissolve  the 
a  new  one  shall  be  con- 
rs.    To  be  a  member  one 
tars  of  agv.  anil  no  mem- 
ber ran   hold  another  orti.-.-   m,d.-r  t!i.-  r.  ;    .• 

•r.  wh.-n  he  is  unable 
In  rase  both  offices 

heoome  vacant  by  resignation,  death,  or  other 

ea«»f.  an  Assembly  of  Representatives  will  u- 

i  •<.ir|Mise  of  electing  a  new  Presi- 

Baoh  Secretarr  up- 

ust  help  to  carry  out  the  rv« 
indl  off  Minister*.     The 


Maaso.  of  Man/*  -tarr  of  War.  Carlos 

>anta  Clara;  A*»i»tani   SecivUry  of 
War,  Mario  Menooal.  of  Matanias;  SeersUry  of 
Foreign  Affairs.  Kafael  Portuondo,  of  Santtajco 
.  retary  of  Foreign  Affairs. 
rHaryof  the  Treas- 
v.-rn  rn..> 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  J- ,v 
Santiago  de  Cuba;  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

Secretary  of  the  Interior,  Carlos  Dnbois.of  lUra^ 
w  Commander  in  Chief,Oen.  Maximo  Gooes: 
Lieutenant  General.  A ntonioMaeeo.  JoafMaeeo, 
MasoCmpote.SerannSanchei,and  Fuerto  Uodri- 


Estrada  Palma  waa  a| 

t. ntuiry  and  diplomalic 
abroad.    Gen.  Bai 

V..TS  of  the  republic  to  th-  fnit^l  Stai~. 

lh«    Vntiiiiin  Campaign.— The  plan  of  the 
insurgents  was  to  raise  the  standard  of  revoln- 

tne  whole  island. 
Campos  to 


onp 

tha 

• 

•    . 


entered  Camagney  and  Roloff  landed  in 
(Mara,  troops  had  to  be  withdrawn  from! 
-ba  and  other  places  to  garrte 
threatened  by  the  rebels  in  the  center  of 
island.  Unless  the  insurgents  were  in  much 
greater  force  than  the  Spaniard*  they  would  not 
attack;  neither  would  they  give  the  troopa  any 
opporr  stacking,  for  they  knew 

im-h  of  t- 
any  force  that  wi 
were  able  to  harass  the 
hovering  on  their  flanks 
detachment*.     Kven 
was  verr  low.  they  could  oontmae  tbea*  tactics 

k:    .   -,:       -  '         -.,;•,«•       -     v    •        •       .: 

tuml  /rum  the  soldier./ the  pUn  of  tbe  rett 


<»imi    IIICT   K"r    nw  tr»»iw    ••>* 

Hacking.'  for  they  knew  evurr 
.  and  could  always  ouUMfgfc 
ran  sent  against  them.  They 


the  war  ait>  place*!  un-l.-r 
Oommander-in-4-hirf.  having  tinder 
.»m  command  a  lieutenant  general. 


the  province  of  Puerto  Principe  to 
all  plantation  work  undsrpenah 
lion  of  their  property,  also  forbidding  them  to 

town*. 
of 

time  for 

,•  the  sugar  cane  came  round.     Yet  he 

did  not  basin  aggtessive  operations  in  October; 

thou^heliadSCoOO  men,  three  times  as  many 

'  the  Spanish  troons, 

9&.000  wrrr  t  hn.wn  into  Santa  Clara,  while  the 

for  thede- 


CUBA. 


•ad  Important  place*.    There 
neahWed  and  brought  t«.« 


Many  well-known  un- 

»' 

H  that  sale,    ll.e 
ive,  blowing  up  rail- 


!%«.!    ttftltfr*    and  rufwU.   cult  ins 
•IM*.  AIM!  fkaMrariii*  rillAaYM  ami  I 

»wW^  •••§     Ha^^*»«wr J >Mf*         **^^^^^  " 


tr»n»|M»rird  they  attempt- 
l«rmtl  tfce  inin.  and  foinetimee  wcvecded. 
A  fffe*  number  of  .S|*m*h  laborers  out  of  work 
MritoiUnirrof  starvation  Jon 
Mauo*  ana  oilMr  guerrilla*.  Exhibitions  of 
vnnmlhv  with  the  revolution  muted  the  Gov- 
MMMt  to  ranew  the  wholesale  arrest*  in 
IU'  .n*.  which  fed  in  turn  to  *  frwh  exodus  to 
Santo  Domingo  and  .  The  pe- 

of  I rwlr  and  the  destruction  of  plantations 
of  botli  the  Spanish  and  the  reyo- 
'  extreme  financial 


The  Spanish  cruiser  ^todies  Harcaijrte$ui" 
was  accidentally  -unk  in  Havana  Bay  on  Sept. 
19.  in  a  r«,l )u» ion  with  the  naasenger  steamer 
••  loss  wa»  46.  including  nearly 
all  the  »hip.  offlcers  and  Kear-Admiral  Delgado 
Pare io.  the  chief  naval  officer  v  On 

Sept.  S9  the  cruiser    "Cristobal   <  oi,.M"    was 
wrecked  off  Bajos  de  lot  Coloradoa. 

The  insurgents  bad  great  difnculty  in  obtain- 
ing am  munition,  a*  supplies  destined  for  them 
bad  been  intercepted.    The  schooner  "Lark" 
was  wiled  by  the  United  States  author) 
Florida  and  fined  for  violation  of  the  navigation 
laws,  while  88  Cuban  filibusters  who  w< 
board  were  set  free.    Stores  of  ammunition  were 
found  on  some  of  rh,   liriiish  West  India  Islands 
and  were  confiscated       •  account  of 

ehortnees  of  ammunition,  was  unable  to  accom- 
plish anvthing  against  Mella,  but  when  the  latter 
marched  through  the  province  <  f  Puerto  ivin- 
dpe  with  8.000 men  for  tin-  purjMiM*  of  attacking 
the  rebels  these  hail  no  difficulty  in  eluding  the 
-  .  •  •  :  ,  ,--,  la.  In  the  Remedies 
district  were  pressed  bv  (i.  n.  Luoue.  who  cap- 
tnnd  their  cam|«  at  IVralta  and  Jaelita.  and 
killed  17  in  rapturing  their  h— pital.  (J.-me/ 
and  Antonio  Maceo  planned  to  invade  MaUnzas. 
rebel  army  was  orgam/..!  un.lerthe 
Oen.  Maceo  was  continued  in 


operations  in  Santiago,  (itiantanamo. 
and  Marori:  Gen.  Maso  CajK.t, 
ts  Tunas  and  OuaTmarn 
i  operation*  in  UfVUl**;  and 
OSJBJ.  RodrigMS  was  placed  in  ,-,.,„• 
m  conjunction  with  <;. 


l«»i  troops  in  this  di-tnt  numl-r.,1  ,,,,|v 
•an.  whilt  in  the  east  Maoeo  and  his  subordi 


t  WM  fought  on  Sept  2*> 

ml.  between  1^00  men  under 

•*•  bod3r  of  rpl*U  commanded 
The  Cnnans  claimed  a  * 


ESaLTejeda,  though  900  strong,  outnum- 

^5?1  .tw^  !?  ?•*•  wtre  driTe11  fr«m  '  »"• 
nlW  and  74  wounded.     Oen. 
a  circular  on  Sept.  80,  saying  that 
r  the  public  to  travel 


upon  the  railroads  thcnafter,  as  tin-  n-vnlution- 
isU.    \\h>  their    dxnamite    iitta.-U-. 

triiitiH  rnrnniK'  tn»o|-.  had  disrovi-n-d   that   the 
Spanish  generals  now  interspersed  < . 

ing  soldi,  i- in    the    iiassrii-er    train-.      II,     . 
threat. -ned    to   •.)„,..(    workmen    \\li-.    ^iK.uld    be 

trurting    bridges   or  rej-aiiin. 
graph    1::  'her    proclamation 

plant. TV  that    their  estates  would   he  d. 
and  their  marliiiiery  destroyed  if  t In -y  atteni| 
to  harvest  erops  or  grind  cane  without    fn 
taming  a  licence  from  the  revolution. 

MHCOO  set  out   to  join  ' 

I'nncij.c  with  supplies  of  ammunition  ami  \\nli 
4,000  infantry  and  LVOIMI, -avalry.    Th.  n 
guard  was  uttaeked  by  a  column  ol  Spam 
airy  under  (i.-n.  Alda  \ic<.las  and   d<-- 

feated  with  heavy  loss.     (Ionic/,  transferred   the 

•  r  of  his  operations  to  the  \ieinity  - 
Spiritus  when   Macro  entered  Camaguej.     T^H 
hcad<|uarters  of  the  revolutionary  (i(»\ernn 

near  La,s Tuna-.  ThcSpanish  force- 
Clara  I.i-L'an    theii-  campaign   early    in  OH.. I 
when  -kimishes  occurred  daily,  but   no  action  of 
importance.    A  passenger  car  was  hit  1>\  I...; 
thrown    from   ambush,  and   some  citi/J-n-   and 
p<.licemen     wen-     killed     and     se\»-ral     -old: 
wounded.     KololT    hail   a    ti^ht    with   a 
column   near  Vueltas  on   <'-t.    II.     On  Oct.    11. 
Pemetiio  Ca-tillo.  leader  of  -1(M>  iti-  . 
airy,   encountering   Lieut. -Col.   Tej< 
Spanish  guerrillas  in  Saban a  de  Miranda, 
a  retreat,  and  by  that    ruse  obtained   a 
killing    :J1    and   wounding  H(>  <.f    the 
Mar-hal  Campos  marched  with  one  of  hi-  living 
columns  through  the  district  of  Sancti  Spin' 
and  had  some  slight  skirmishes  with  th- 
A   Spanish  column  of  550  men.  under    I 
Col.  Kodon.  had  a  light   on  Oct. ','<;  at   Cm/,  del 

.  near  .liguani.  with  -«-nie  ..f   I; 
rillas,  of  whom  killed  and  GO  wmini:. 

A  month  before   b'abi   had  won  a  \i<  i 
Col.  Tovar.  ambushing  his  column  of  5l 
and  when  it  was  thrown  into  eonfiisi..n  fall. 
upon  it  with  'Jo(»  cavalry,  inllicting  a  loss  of  40 
m. -n.     Uabi    burned    liaire.     He    attack. d    Col. 

"n's    column    with    his    cavalry    early    in 
r,   and   drove    it    back    upon   .liguani. 
The  military  authorities  in   t  illv 

(iin.   Cain-lias    in    (iuantaiiamo,  adopted    }>-.. 
meaMiri'-   t.-ward    persons  \  mpa- 

thixing  with  the  rebels,  and  most   of  the  intelli- 
gent  citi/en-.   who  did    not   join   the   i 
escape  to  Santo  Domingo,  were  thrown   i 
prison.     A   convoy   of    l.:;oo    mm.    under   < 

n/o.  was  attacked  by  500  in  th 

machete*,  while    marching  from    Man/anillo 

.t   out  wagons  containitiL 

visions  and  18T>  Man--  r  rifle-  and   a  rjiiantitv 
ammunition,    nn  the  followingdn} 

^Iuno/  attempted  to  i  lita  with 

2,500  men  of  all  arms.     Rabi  with    1. ::<>o  men. 
supplied  with  new  arms  brought bv Gen.  Carill< 

eXlMHlition.  attacked  the  S; 

e<lly  f  tinned  in  a  square.  an<l.  fitrhting  at  a 

age.  finally  retreated  to  \e-nita.  losing 
men.     on    N'ov.   !.">.  guerrillas  overwhelmed  the 
garrijv)n  at  tlie  Daiguiri  iron  mines  and  killed  214 
Mar-hal  Campos   issued  a  decree  forbidding 
the  publication  of  ariv  news  of  the  war  e 
that  officially  given  by  the  chief  of  staff  in 


«    I    MA 


Foreign  Mid   Madrid  reporters  only 

-TMIIII.-I  lom  ooitipam  «,    ..  nin  aj  f   MM 

inu.i  oomjil)    *'nh  «ii    restrict*  M, 

R.^^ 

nt    the  military 

v  igofously  prosecuted.  ««»•  i 


the  revolution  many 
•  had  been  friendly  to  the  Govera- 

Q        A  •.,*!  I  i 

was  pwOMi  in  i  Arm  on  i/ci.  i».    ADOMMT  Dpaoiao 
tesMl.thct;  •  /.''  "«*  "recked 

^HjsV  recently   purchased   in 

^^KVMOaptut  '-.-I-   in   II,. 

jxjtl  of  guns  ami  an. 

ii  n  well*equipptMl  expedition  of 
•  >er*  ami  men,  and  succeeded  in  Undine 
KT  Gen.  Carlos  Manuel 
>t«  and  landed  an  iv 
ilete,  near  Baracoa.    There  were  60 
mm.  and  they  carried  with  tlu-ra  a  large 

misting  of  6<»  m,n.  u.'ti.  n- 
1s  of  ammunition.  aUi  effected  .  , 
teg  in   tin*  raMi  TII    | 

:*ada   with   another  I-XJN-. 
ami  reached  the  Cuban  shore,  but  not  without 

hasten  and 
.:<•«,  landed  on  the  south  roast  in  I<aa 

-mall  boats,  and  some  were  captured  after 

D  an.  I  small 

Mi-rvsaiitly  in  -mall  nailing 

.uir  conveyed  one  of 
EaVwiiiniMdoiiUM  onur  •'  '-  •  •  •  •'  •••  -;  ': 


^.000  men    fn>tu    ttn>   .  a-t.m    army   and 

Camapjry.  In     ih--    inraiitnn.-.    «  „.!.„•/. 

ftjOOO  men.  hail  advanced  weatwanl    ncurly  to 

Hagun.  iiohem; 

i  inn   with    th*>  aid  of  well-nlanted 
tiiered  a  victor)   <»V«T  the  force  of 
h.  •/.  in  the  Kemedim  district, 
•Biff  60  of  the  in»urgent«.    Joae  Mac* 

r,v.  titimt 

rnm  the  ca>t«  rn  iirmy.  whileOoneiorpUi- 
§Hd  one  of  equal  9tren^h.  !••••  ?-.;•••!  :• 
UK»  citmmn  ••  to  Jos^  Maria 

Bodlignea.  liese  force*  entcrrd  Santa 

Mi  olhen  terrorixed  th«-  l..\»l>t-  --f  thb  pr 

>I  at  an  /as  jin.l  did  much  damage  by 
£  cane  fields  and  booses.    Guards  pro- 

:il  l.uil.iings  on  the  largr  plan- 
tations, whilo  flying  columns  pn-vpnt.Hi  ih. 
fn>in  ot«bh-:    •_•  •'•..•njN.-lxi-H  in   f.-r.-.-  B|    D  '    I 

ami 
•.i  the  Cienfuegos  dis- 


trict, was  captured  by  CoL  Molina.    The  rebels 
seldom  venture  I  to  «u*  k  the  email  for' 
which  the  country  was  dotted,  but  kept  the  sol- 
dier* and  the  inhabit  -n.iam  »tate  of 
alarm  by  tekning  attacks,  riding  up  in  the  night- 

ti.u.aiMlnlfcp^l 

i.--k  OM  r..f  . ...-•  to  UN  •  •  •  •  r  - .:.• . «  |§j  .  | 


iimarr  ( 
l  MecQo* 


Tba 


:..•  •   ' 

gat, 


300  men.  attacked  a  Spanish  column 

Xa|«i.*.  in  M.tan/A*.  ami  ktlUI  ft) 
loai  of  M  fasMUvam* 


Marshal 


portent  |*n  in  the  engagement. 
The  plan  of  campaign  adopted  by  M 

Campos  was  preliminarily  to  divide  the 
•m-Mii  w  .mac 

tin-  n-U-N  from   |-.mt   to  j-.mt.  »(!. 

simultaneously  in  different  places,  ami 

Iv  to  move  forward  in  an  «-»trndr«l  In.. 

23,000  men  or  more,  •weeping  them  into  the 
lerto  Priiicine  and  Santiago  da 
tent  rising  in  the  Vnelta  Abejo 

was  crashed  by  a  constant  patrol,  and  at  one 


i  -lit  they  reappeared  when  Gome*  ooooantratrd 
his  troops  in  Santa  Clara,  and  even  menaced  the 
towns  on  the  border  of  the  Havana  pniviam 

M.i   •       i-  f-  r-    i  •          .    :  .      •«,-.-         !    .-  '. 

cross  a  military  railroad  on  the  border  of 


Caminguey.  which  was  closely  Ruani- 
vance  guard  was  beaten  back  by  the  troop*  of 
Gen.  Aldave  when  the  first  attempt  WM  made. 
lowing  with  another 
same  time  gained  a 
bv  making  good  vs» 
Tbe  Spaniards  rv~ 
in  Argentina  and  in 


attempt 

Joa6  Maceo,  who  was  following  with  another 

large  f«<n  ,-.  at  about  the  same  time  gained  a 

success  over  Spanish  troops  bv  making 

of  some  mountain  gun*.     Tbe  Spani 

volunteere  in  Argentina 

ail.  who  wen  expected  to 

ami  to  be  more  trustworthy  than  the 

ID  Spain,  some  of  whom  were  inclined 

to  mut  my  win-it  «.nlrred  out  to  Cuba  and  to  de- 

x-rt  to  tl.V  .!..!,,>  when  they  were  sent  into  the 

: 
the  command  of  Gen.  I'ando  and  CJen.  Maria 


.'•  from 
t«  IH;  en t rate 

.•m  to  flgi 

Meanwhile  the  immgeaU 
with   detached  bodies 
troops  in  %ra. 

succeeding  in  ci roaring  tb 

•h  Urn.  Xavarn.  i*earSai> 
1?  which  lasted  seventeen  boors  and  ended  in 
,   S|«niards  with  heavy  lowea. 
v.  19  and  10  Gen.  Gomel  won  a  kimilar 

V  .     •  '  -       ,'•          \     ,•-../        :     ...      •         . 

near  Santa  Clara.  It  was  said  that  this  wan  the 
heaviest  engagement  of  the  war.  that  the  Span- 
iards lost  hundred,  in  killed  and  wounded.  In 


rrU-l  chief  lUfael 

h  insurgent  leader  who 

warbagan.    On  Nov.  90  several 
Umls  attacked  a  convoy  led  b> 
on  the  wav  to  Salto  from  Sajrna.     Roloff  burned 
the  town  "of  ^uinia  ,le  Miran<ia. 


DANA,  JAMES  WVK.HT. 


The  Spanish 
compelled  to  sur- 
,..  M.mui  |*ntr  in  the  Span- 
by  throwing  dynamite  U>mU,  *nh 
army  was  well 


hi»  roaivh  through  Santa 

• 
Aifl  |HI(  it*  defender-  (<>  flight. 


PV4I00,  the  commandant,  was  afterward 

triad  by  ooofft-tneriiai  inffl  condemned  to  im* 

_ 

^PVeaUsfit  Cameras  ftfH  bis  Cabinet*  escorted 
by  Jo«*  Macao's  army.  «h. 

.      '..-,       •        ••..,:     ,:»r,-r* 
to  Las  Villa*.     A  n. «  proclamation  of  Gomes 
tbtealiiiit  with  death  all  persons  assist: 
tJmfBthertof  of  crop  and  ordered  the  laying 

WHv  Om   •BmmwPslHm^awnj  W^OJCU   Wels*    UPgUII    eao   HK/fll 

a*  th*  can*  was  dry  enough  to  burn.  This  dev- 
aalatlns  was  checked  by  the  activity  of  columns 
lad  by  Ota.  Loqoe  and  Gen.  < 
Campos  assigned  Ueat-Gen.  Pando  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  first  army  corps,  with  headquarters 
in  **ntia«o.  and  placed  Gen.  Marin  in  command 
of  the  second  corps,  o|*>niting  in  Santa  Clara, 


wtiWG*a.MeUa 


'     '      • 
chars*  1  vtth 
aad  Plnar  del 


ootmimixl  <>f 

in  Camairuejr  and  the  division 
s,  ana  Gen.  Arderius   was 
in  Matanzaa,  Havana, 
Gen.  Bazan  and  Gen.  Snl- 
by  Marshal  Campos  and 

«l  aooount  <>f  their  l>arl*arity 
of  the  mild  policy  of  their 


Alllanra  AflTair.-An  American   mail 
-  -  "  on  the  morning  of 

Windward 


the  •  Allianoa. 

• 


March  8,  as  she  was  making  the  Windwa 
passage  off  Gape  Mavsi  was  signaled  to  heave  to 
by  UM  -Conde  de  VenadiU>,H  a  Spanish  gun- 
'ich  fired  two  blank  Bbom?Accor3ing 

want  of  her  officers  tbe  merchant  ves- 
4  miles,  according  to  the  Spanish  ac- 


totba 


eooat  U  mile  from  shore.  Instead  of  ol 
the  signal  CapU  James  Crossman  kept  on  his 
cmna,  qq tokening  speed.  The  Spaniard  gave 
cheat  at  fall  speed  for  25  mileaTand  as  the 
steamer  drew  ahead  fired  9  or  8  solid  shots  directly 
at  the  American  vessel,  all  of  which  fell  short. 
The  Spanish  authorities  had  been  informed  that 
the  -AJbaace-  carried  monitions  of  war  in  her 


em*.    Thess.tne  ship's  officers  declared,  were 
detfWrsd  tTfcotombia  f 


f--r  the  Government  of 
and  they  denied  the  report  that 


American  minister  at  Madrid  to  demand  a  prompt 

disavowal    of    the   unlawful    act    of   the    ,-..n,. 
manderof  the-'Coip;         ,       idito,"andi 
expression  of  regret  at  itsocciirrcih  e.    ll«- further 
sent  a  demand  that  >, 

riiininaiidrrs   not    to    interfere   with    l.--r 
an  commerce  passing  ihrou.u-h  the  \ 
ward  passage,  as  this  wa»  the  usual  ami  nati. 
\,-ss,.|s  p:. 

and  the  Caril'i 
iiiK'  that    f(.rcilile   n  with  them  wmild 

M    IM-    toh-rated.   \v  i 
they  pass  wit hiii  :i  miles  of  the  Cuban  coast 01 

1  .    .\enilliel.1 

mand  the  captain  of  the  "  Con-. 
but  pivr  no  reply  to  the   re|.rr.si-ntati«.i, 
1'nited  States  Government    until  a  thor 
vestlgation  of  the   circumstance. 


the  military  authorities  an  I  l.y  >.-n.,r    I)M; 
I/ome,  the  newly  apj.ointe.l   niini«.t.  : 
Hi-ton.      Whni   their  remits  were   tina. 


On  March  14  SecrrUryGreaham  cabled  to  the 


cefved  the  apology  wius  made. 

I  In-  MOI;I  linleiiiiiit\.     Myonh-r 
martial   Antonio    Maximo    Mora,  a  natir 
American  citizen,  was  «-omh-mnrii  t<>ii,-ath  and 

'ates    deelatv.l    colifi-eat e.l    in    Is;*)    ,„,    the 

participation    in    the   n-v«.luti«-: 
going  on  in  <'ul>a.  although  he  was  IP  i  re^idin^ 
in    the    i>land.     The    I'm' 
restitution  or  indemnification,  and 
Spanish  republic  admitted  the  claim  \\a 
Tne  decree  was  confirmed  in  ls;r,  l.y  tl, 
Mineiit.  luit  the  Cuban  authorities  <1 
its  execution   until  the   estate-   were   in 
Spain  finally  offered  the  sum  of  1,500,000  pesos 
a-  Indemnity, and  t  his  offer  was  accepted  : 
The   Cortes,  however,  made  no  appi-op- 
for  the  oayraent,  and  in  1888  the  Spam-i. 
isterof  State  attempted  to  affix  to  the  agree- 
ment the  new  condition,  that   certain  da. 
Spanish    subjects    against    the     I'nited 
should  lx-  adjudicated  and  settled  simulta: 
ly.    Secretary  Bayard  reje<-ted  the  prop. 
and  the  United  States  Government  contii 
urge  the  Spanish  Government   to  fulfill  its  con- 
tract.   On  June  12,  1895,  Secretary  <>ln 
structed  Bannis Taylor,  1'nited  state-  n 
at  Madrid,  to  ask  Spain  to  L'ive  a— uranc. 
•she  would  satisfy  the  claim   within  two  ii; 

-pani.-h  Government  then  oiT. 
the  principal  of  the  claim,  and  the  claimant 
agreed  to  forego  the  interest.  <  >n  Sept.  1 1.  the 
original  « laimant  having  died  meamvlnle.  t  lu- 
ll Government  paid  $1,449,000,  equ  a  I  t» 
1,500,000  pesos,  in  settlement  of  the  long-stand- 
ing claim. 


D 

I»\N\     J  \Ml  s    nWIf.HT.    an    American     emy.  in  I'tic-a.  studied  chemiMry  and 

**•»  ^  lsl;» :     hi*  associates  the  responsibility  of  preparing 

ezcui 

'*"*^Lit*wr  W1     w»»ner»ia.     in   irwv,  auracied  bv  the  rej 
«r^Mass.    The  boy    of  the  elder  Silliman,  he  entered  Yale  Colleg 

j»,  and  at  the    a  sophomore.  During  his  college  course  he  made 
.  in  BarUett  Acad-    much  progress  in  science,  especially  MI 


\.  JAMES  DWIOflT. 


MLA1  IM* 


and  in  mineralogy;  also  at 

malhrmali.-..       In    Au^(.    l^J,    ».,-    !,-f«    V  * 
•  ten      hav.n-    bSM    n||-  .:.'-    :      M     '  •'  -    '    r     ftj 

SS&^^mldriapSS^totnt]  ritadStatam, 

narr,  and  u.  thu  capacitj    HlM    MM    pot* 


Uined  hit  artir* 
1800.    Prof.  Itauta 
>illimans  in  UM 


wiih.iai.d,i.fc'hn.iuti"  I.-  feud  U»  tomata 


with   Yalr 

of    the 

in  1846,  and 
Tbe  fifth  edition  ofbis  -System  of 

wa*tbe  la*  that 
he  editions  of  the  amaUai 
of  Mineralogy"  in  1878  and  1887  ware  by 
In  1869  tne  first  edition  of  his  -Manual  of 
Geologr  "  was  issued,  and  in  1806  tne  fourth 
wa*  iiu't  li»hr«l  all  of  which  be  fititsil  Beaidsa 
tne  foregoing  he  was  the  author  of  -Coral 


Reefs  and  Islands"  *.  1888L 

enlarged  and  imed  a»  -Corals  Mid  Coral  Is- 
lands*     Wi;  9d  «L.  1800)  ;  -  Tetl-book  of  Owl- 


QjWi; 

TheOooloffeAlBlofT 
bHefly  told"  (187S);  -  ChanctorMtioi  of  Vot 

a  IUfiooN(New  lUrm.mii    UM 

degrtv  wa»  conferred  ui»n  him  by  UM 

^mdtetefLLa 

•MftaBhfai  b|    A::,:,:-'   Ii    LM    WA  '   •    H*r- 

raid  and  ^l.nlmrgh  io  1888.    In  187t  UM  Gco- 
bffaal8odat7<tfLatjdoi  HPJ|  ate  HaW<  . 
•Sal  and  ta  18771*  main  iUM(    pjai 


.  •  urml  history,  and  his  first  paper. 

•  American  Journal  of  Science  " 
Io  relumed  to  New  Haven  in  1888, 
rears  served  as  assistant  in  cbemis- 
-  llinmn.      During   these   years 

m  1887),     Again  he  was  called  to 
r  be  reoeired  the  ai-jM-iiii- 
nenUogist  and  geologi>t  to  the  I  nit.ti 
•t  under  ('apt.  Chariest 
1K3&    This  place  he  refused  at  first. 
.  Asa  Gray, 
had  U-«-n  ft] 
cd  to  actt'pt.     The  expedition  sailed    in 

u*!.  \*l\  uit.l    r.turn.d    it,   JoM    1-TJ.  BfJS> 
:iariated  the  globe.     In  a-i-lr 

be  aafoaatd  cfcaifi 
the  Crustacea  and 
after  his  return  he 


uf  the  Royal  Society  of  London,  while  in  180 
th,  BoteSooMfc  rfKatural  n  -  rj  •  hnai 
upon  him  their  -  Grand  Walker  prise  of  $1/100 
fit  languished  serrices  in  Natural  History.* 

In    IvM    tl.    WM  .:.-•..»   PlwJ    :•:•      '   "• 

ican  Association  f.-r  the  Advancement  of  Sd- 
ence,and  be  was  one  of  the  original  mseibers 
nal  Academy  of  Sciences.  He  bald 
honorary  and  corresponding  relations  to  many 
scientific  societies  both  at  borne  mvi  abroa<l.  in- 
chiding  the  Royal  Society  of  London,  the  Insti- 
tute of  Prance,  the  Uncei  of  Roma,  and  UM 
Royal  Academies  of  Berlin,  St. 

x      l'r..f.    Dana    left 
-•  H-nt  iti'-  -•  -;'•'  |sj  and   k  saV  I 
incdaN.  to  br   dattftnd    t.,   Yalr   fnn.r-itr  at 
who  was  Henrietta 
Frances,  third  daughter  of  Prof. 


•trail 
wait   ••»-. 


of  id,-  collections 
sjfji  publbned  M 
o.  witnan  atlas  of 
1846).  in  uhit  h  h.- 

and.l.-nl...  i-J.:«» 
the  Geology  ..f  th. 
f  -ji  plates,  !-;•• 


•  fir?* ;  a  '*  Report  on 

an  atU-  -f  INI  f 

Us  own  hand.      Meanwhile  be  prepared  the 

- 
were  published  in  1844, 1850.  and  1854,  and  ab*> 

the  «i,i,,,n,  ,,f  I,,,  --.M.uH.ai  ..r  Mineral  n 
that  wrrv  published  in  1848  ami 

.nun  Professor 

ch  be  did  not  assume  the  active  duties  of 
UM  chair  until  ls.V>. 

mptl  in  1MM. 

lectures  on  natural  history  by  others,  to 
that  of  Urology  and  Mineralogy,  and  be  main- 

TOU  xxxv.— 15  A 


n  his  will  that  the  diplomas  be  mad* 
a  part  of  the  general  collection  of  scientific  docn- 
ments  and  the  medals  an*  to  b«  added  to  UM 
medab  in  the  unirenttj 
library.  He  also  gires  from  bis  own  library  UM 
works  on  geology  that  are  not  alreadr  on  UM 
shelve*  of  tne  college  library,  eicrodng  sucn 
volume*  as,  if  taken  away,  would  break  a 
series.  A  sketch  of  hu  : 
full  l.ibliograph) 
ten  by  bis  son,  Edward  Sali 
in  th".-  •  American  Journal  of 

Ml  LA  WARE,  a  Middle  Atlantic 
of  the  original  thirteen; 


titution   Dei  srea,  2.120  sqnara 

miles.  Tbe  population,  according  to  each  oV 
it-nnial  census,  was  50.006  in  17W;  64.27S  in 
1800;  7SJ74  in  19  in  1880;  76.748  in 

i-  »;  >•--.  in  1840;  ••!  -J  in  I860;  I1M1< 
•  i860;  L86J016  .  >:••  :4»',.>r.  .-.  >-..  awjl 
16H.496  in  1880.  Capital.  Dorer. 

rameat.— Tbe  State  officers  during  UM 
rear  were  tne  following:  Governor.  Joshua  H. 
siarril.  RafMihHcan,  until  bis  death.  April  8. 
when  be  was  succeeded  by  UM  Speaker  of  the 
Sn.tr.  William  T.  Watson,  Democrat;  Secre- 


DKLAWARE. 


f  Slate, 


:..  - 


jsjn    rmaj 

k*n».    Au.htor. 
f    Kducalion, 
ml.  and  P.  /.ameny : 
\    MarallinU'r.  until 

...    .  ,,,;,,!  b> 

i :  Uttaoouor,  James  L.  Wolcott; 
t  h*f  Justice,  Charles  R  lx»re ;  Associate  Jus- 
Hot*  Ijpatlus  r.  Urubb,  Charles  M.  Cullen,  and 

riMMML— The  sutrmrnt  of  the  Treasurer 
at  the  frtgteftfrg  of  the  year  shows  that  the 
•ssou  of  tie  8t2e  amounted  to  $1,081.842,  and 

v.^i   .    „  ..-....-      -x 

the  liabilities  by  $847.092.    Of  the 


771  paid  t..  Delaware  at  it«  due  in  the  repay- 
meotof  the  direct  tax,  $59.995.24  has  been 
distributed,  leaving  the  State  over  $10,000, 
which  more  than  covers  the  cost  of  distribut  „  „,. 
The  Treasurer  My*:  -  During  my  im-umbeney 
of  this  ottos  the  expenditures  have  largely  in- 
rratssil  both  from  regular  and  special  appro- 

•      •        •      -: 

To  the  regular  appropnations  have  been  added 
registration  expenses,  aggregating  $15.000,  and 

•       :•      ..  ..     •-      Va'- 


Hospital  at  Farnhurst,  aggregating,  including 
special  appropriation  for  improvement  fund. 
$155.000.  The  renult  of  the  |»ymcnt  of  these 
large  sums  of  money  has  been  to  deplete  the 
general  fund  to  an  eitent  that  makes  it  abso- 
lutply  neeessary  for  our  revenue  to  be  increased. 
I  have  been  enabled  to  meet  the  demands  made 
fund  during  the  past  two 


years  by  borrowing  from  the  school  fund/ 

Bants,— The  report  of  the  national  banks  of 
the  Sut«  in  March  showed  the  total  resources 
to  be  $a,7H6ttJ»,  and  the  surplus  fund 

>  m  . ., 

lamraaoe.— During  1808, 98  insurance  com- 
panies were  authorised  to  do  business  in  the 
Stale— n  Are.  22  life,  6  assessn  Dually 

and  guarantee,  and  6  accident  insurance  «>m'- 
panie*.  Last  Tear  108  oompanies  were  author- 
iCMl-W  to, ft  life,  8  assessment,  12  casualty 
and  guarantee,  6  accident,  and  -j  livestock  in- 
SSJTISJOS  eompaniea.  Five  of  the  oompanies  are 
isjoorporated  by  the  State.  Four  of  them  pay 
an  annual  tax  of  $100,  and  one  company  is  ex- 
rmpt  from  taxation.  Since  the  preceding  bi- 
etaie!  report  14  oompanies  have  been  admitted 
to  do  bvsmeai  in  th-  :  >.>nng  1894  the 

<<ne»panies  incorporated  by  the  State  collected 
bvesiiucms  in  the  Sute  amounting  to  $89.995.19, 
aa4  incurred  losses  amounting  to  $88.r, 
and  the  companies  of  other  States  and  f 

received    premiums    amounting    to 
I,  and  incurred  loans  amounting  to 
I,  showing  the  total   premiums  rs- 
ealjed  for  the  wr  to  have  been  $899,1  W.87, 
aod  total  loam  Incurred  $214.666.90. 

U«tltatlon».-An  addition  to  the 
••  Asylum  is  to  be  built,  and  to  raise 
the  purpose  $X 


i  of  bonds 

whiafc  mn  sold  at  $ 
f  boar  3*  per  cent  intenwt.  are  payable  in 
yeer*.  and  MtaMMble  at  the  option  of 
Slat**  -rJan.1.1906.    Tne  plans 

call  for  th«  orccUoa  of  S  fhfw  *.n  •  IMC 


at  the  hospital 


in  February  was  226,  of  whom  98  were  worn.  n. 
In  July  there  were  248  inmates.    During  tin- 

•us  year  90  were  discharp-d.  «f  \\IMMH  :,o 
had  recovered  and  J  1.      I  >i«    . 

annual  rost  of  support  is  f  1IW  for  enrh  |i:it  lent. 

following  .   ird    I"    tho 

prison  system  and  <li-« -iplim-  of  the  St;r 
made  in  an  address  to  the  Legislature  l>v  iln> 
Clu.-f  .lustico  in  advocacy  of  a  bill  t<    , 
a  State  workhouse : 

At   j-rvM-nt   in  tho  jails  .,f  the  3  countioi  • 
Suto  there  are  21<>  |.n-.m«-r>,  of  nil  iw».  «••• 

•  •riinr.  i-r«. \\.lr.l  tojfeth- 
-.  lis  IM^'  in  iiJlriicj-.s,  l, 
•  habita.  ana  bev-inim:  <luil\   m< 
(Vom  such  onviromnonto.     \\  «•  Maud  ah 
-tnt< -.H  .,t  tlir  rni<iii  in  keeping  uj.  . 
t<-in  timt  "liL'inat- .i  in  tlu-  oentunes  long  ago  at 

not  rhiin^fl  •   •  hundred  \ear- 

•lll    pM|NK.I  MOO, I    "II    til.' 

:ill<l     ]>r<>Yi<le>     t«r    III'-     l'.-i;il'i    ••!'    TrilKtOO*    Of 

arc    State    \V..rkh-iu>e,  t->    ' 

••unt\.   \v)i...   \\ith. .in    i 

-,  are  to  exiM-iul  the  NOtyOOO provided 
bill  in  erecting  a  State  WOfkhonse,  In  tlii.s  h- 
priBonora  of  the  State  nliall  >>e  put  t»  \\«rk  in 
•  lirectioii  of  the  Noard.  I 

ti.,1   mid    separated     the   men   from  tin-  \\-iu.- 
Uiono  of  teii.l.  r  \«  ars  ami  new  in  .-rune  from 
lianleui-<l  criminals.    Obedience  t<»  the  nil.  >  jm«l  dili- 

!i  \\ork  will  inure  to  tlie  l-em -tit  of  ti 
OIKT  l>y  »»liort»'iiin^  his  term. 

I. duration. — Delaware    Coli-  .vark, 

reported  TO  students  for  the  venr.  and  II 
ates.    Th<-  Inspector  General,  wlm  reviewed  the 
cadets,  commended  their  appcaran<  • 
"  It  is  my  opinion  that,  the  improved  asi)c< 
relations  of  the  military  department  of  tl 
stit ut ion  amply  warrant  its  nintinuanee."    The 

l-y-laws  were  so  changed   as  to   require  all   -tu- 
dents  receiving  free  tuition  to  take   military 
drill  during  the  freshman,  sophomore,  and  jun- 
ior (lasses,  unless  excused  on  account  of 
ical  disability  or  religious  objection. 

The  State  Principals'  Association  and  the 
State  Board  of  Kduration  have  bcm  working 
for  sucli  additi<.ns  t..  the  s<-hool  laws  as  will  in- 
sure a  substantially  uniform  curriculum  in  tin- 
schools  of  the  State:  it  is  also  a  part  oi 
plan  to  have  central  high  schools  established  in 
the  rural  distn 

At  the  Educational  Conrention  of  colored  Citi- 
zens of  the  State,  in   hover,  Feb.  7,  it  wa 
that  there  are  about  6,000  colored  c-hil-: 
school  age  in  the  State  that  never  have  seen  the 
:   M-hoolhous.-.     The  chairman  of  t  he 
<  'onim  ,  -|»<.ke  of  the  \vr-' 

fonilitioii  of  the  srhnoN  in  the  c(,m. 
dilapidated    buildings,   many    almo-t    un1 
school  purposes,  the  remainder  IM  in-  «  I 
or  halls;  of  the  sh,,rt  terms;  of  the  meatrer sala- 
ries paid  to  teachers :  of  the  almost  total 
school  appliances  and  facilities:  of  the  alarming 
"f  illiteracy  in  the  State.      II- 

the  fact"  that   during  the  past  decade 
illiteracy  among  the  colored  people  < 
had  decreased  proportionately  less  tl 

Mate  of  the  I'tiion  similarly  conditioned. 

\\  .ltd-  >Vuy». — The  appropriation  made  by  the 
Government    for  dredging   and    decpcnir 
harbor  at  Wilrni'  jidingthe  low 

of  the  river,  has  been  expended,  and  a  - 
has  been  made  by  United  States  Engineer  W. 


DILAWAim 


•  ••  river  and  iu  tribuiarie* 
iredginff  the  channel  to  a  um- 

\Vorka.   The  present  depth 
;«-ndrd  about  $S8QjOOO  in  appropria- 

.  omraission  appointed  by 

(•4.iikT>-"  !..  HUMniM  '•'.- M<  ^   ft    .1     an  il   • 

.sapeake  an.i    I»<-U«ar«-    llavs  dis- 
•Msed  the  various  |,r.j-^l  r-m, ,  and  >,-, 

n,,-i..i..i  M  UM    m  •  fies  .'.-   ••• 


•sapeakc  and  Delaware  1  anal. 
leva*,  oould  be  constructed  at 
1 1*  others  suggested. 

<r  adapt.  •!  f*>r  national  defense,  and  » 1 1 1 

••n  accused  of  being 

\ 

•ajngt  .:,  .  npti.red  98  cases  of  arms 

•ad  ammunition  and  a  large  quantity  of  bag- 
l-nrt  y  hatl  chartered  a  tug  and  tailed 
.ugton.  but  when  tl.  them- 

sjlves  ponued  by  the  officer*  in  another  n.- 
edui   I'.  :.',  -  <,!.,\,  .     T\\.-.f:|;,    |..,r\ 


•ftisrasof  tin*  miintry  byadop- 

••Ul.d  ti..  Mtsrcceiv. 

demonstration-,  «,f  |«>pnlur  approval. 
I  "'  •  i  .-•  .  "f  those  in  fa 

ption  was  held  m   I>o\i-r.  .Inn.  lo.  for  the 
puri*.'^-  ..f  •!..  hlitu-  ii|...M  ;i  hill  to  l.o  i  :,  M  Qtt  •{ 

Uague  was  organised  at  a  meeting  in  Wilmmg- 


orgmt  I* 

eoiM(rttct<Hl  ui«»ii 


•i«-n,  but 


the  broad  Plane  of  personal  liberty 
f  his ;  ready  at  all  time*  to  support 
la*  r-.  ring  ••»  •'    no  trs  i.     r  profei 
-  r.;,  tv  to  sUsndaheli  DJ  t  SB  •:  t  r 

•f  HtatA  MM!  count  rs  mi<  I  to  all  G!*MM 

»•      VtfllW    •**!•    *^*WMH   1      •  «•<•     »**    •«•     V  tW^W« 


right  to  eat  and  drink 
ao  Uiat  it  dooa  not 


.1.0  and  happiness.    The  business 


ted  land.  It  can  be  de- 
known  to  reanon  or  ar- 
we  are  faced  by  an  organised  1 

J--W.  r  w.    ii, ',!-.•  t...!   Mi-i.  r.  ||ia  ..'• 

furt  h.-r  pledged  the  league  to 
•tent  law*  and  en-rt  itx-lf  to  have 

.«  trade  gvnerally." 

M-ntlon.— After  the 
IMS  of  1894  it  was  charged  that  a  great  deal  of 


•ii  fund  in  Sussex  County  was  said  to 
bare  tieen  about  160.000.    The  system  of  \ 

; -allot  law. 

..•»t  the  workers  in  many  places 

•eoompanied  the  rotors  into  the  booths  to  make 

>t  they  votrd  according  to  the  oottt 

om»  htindnNl,  or  towtinhip.  the  rot  ing 

.ice  in  a  dwelling  house  and  that  no  poll 

Ust  was  used  ;  and  that  in  *omc  of  the  hundreds 


paid  to  do.  At  UM  first  Urn  of  court  in 
•  OMB,  one  a  Republican  and  the  other  m 
were  c« 


i 
.  f  M.,  -  r...  n  tin   Blstli   Qtfj  •   .....  ..'     . 


It  wa*  nut  largely  attended,  but  resoluti< 
passed  calling  for  strict  la»»  to  prevent 
lion,  and  a  ulan  was  adopted  for  an  o 
•ailed  -The  Political  Reform 
•<laware," 
In  his  nnisage  to  the  Lsgislelure  in  January. 

>  uurwlvsa,  no  deobt,  ar«  ••  are  that  tab  ties 
;  rases*  aiagnitude  rx*  *o  modi  on 
of  the  lack  of  proper  leaisletioa  as  of  a  too 

1    ft  sMgiMitiJisssi  rujju 

I    y\flsispwj|  o|  |4gs>    BMS*^ 


rendered  •  t  -    ••  '..-      •  • 

people,  who  had  not  op  to  the 
awakened  to  a  aease  of  the  eaon 

i     •       ,  .".!.,       .      • 


ballot,  l.ut  n. 


•       • 

hod  ofaoeeriaff  a  pur*  and  fres 
t.  Lut  it*  proviaioiM  have  beeavlniially  nalliied 
he  culpable  failure  of  the  people  to  earrj  them 

LrirMuthr  SrniiloB.— The  Legislature  met 
in  January,  with  11*  Republicans  and  11  I 

The  election  of  .»  »t< 

in  place  of  Anthony  Higgins,  whose 

1.  was  one  of  its  duties;  but  after  four 

month*,  during    %»hi.  h    more   than    190  ballots 
w,  n-  tak.-n.   ti.,     LtffsJej|SJI«    id      Ml   :    M  »    '• 

leaving  the  matter  still  unsettled.    The  Rmb> 
!  Majority  could  not  agree  upon  a  rand  Male, 
them  voted  steadily  for. I 
til  near  the  close  of  the  session,  when  the  num- 
Kupporters  was  reduced  lo  4.    Ki- 
Senator  lliggins  was  his  i 
the  early  part  of  the  session :  later.  George  V. 
Massey,  James   Pennewill,   and    Henry 
Pont    Others  named  by  Republicans  on  some 
..f  thebdUofc  mm  Bi«  ••  .  i:   ;    ••   •  .  I-      .      . 
Nields.E.0.  Bradf.r 

liardson,  and  William  Du  Pont    The  first 
choice  of  the  Democrats  was  Chancellor  James 

«bo  received  rnppor 
i:    N     •  i       'A     : 

and    K. 

I,  I  n-w  his  name  March  7. 
-•reafler  Kdwanl  I  Cidgvly  received  the  sup- 

••  Desnocrats. 
the  death 
Senate,  William  T.  Watson,  became  acting  Gov- 


he  Constitution,  as  IMa- 
o  lieutenant  governor.    The  ConsU- 
does  not  say  whether  the  Speaker 


wan-  has  no  lieutenant 


tution  does  not  say  wbetner  UM  Speaker  vacates 

•          •'  ,,..-:.    ,..  ,        ,    -.    .-      f  ,,.  , 

en»r^  on  May  9.  tfc  last  day  of  the  stesfam. 

of  th-  Senate  and  claimed  his  right  t. 

.t  :.im  there  were  19  votes  and  onlv  15 
would  be  needed  fora  majority,  and  &*  1'. 
Republicans  were  now  united  upon  Henry  A. 


•tgroui  were  made  to  Mtand  tin  and  take  oath 

as  they  had  promised  and    of  the 


.        Henry 
use  declared  that 
Including  the  Governor. 
90  votes,  and  16  were  r«  ^mr-I 
for  a  majority,  and  t  hr  ( i orcrnor  and  the  Speaker 
,  Sent*  dsj  tar  :  I 


H.i  I'ont.th,- 

•\   ,  - 


that  no  choice  had  been 


M 


I.F.N.MAKK 


_»   8otWttttioncJo«d  with  the     

•till  to  doubt.    Tnec*  to  a  precedent  bearing  on 
UM  potot  to  the  hMory  of 

,  f   n,  I****    .      i  •..  •  i  I]  •',  •  -i 
in  17VI.  tuit  n  wat  revittd 


.     i   Btuhtti  IM 

Qofl  BMR 

tohitplaot 

-  ^  while  he  wat  to  act- 


Of     MOT     UV*»     WW»^»«W»»     •««•"•      w* 

in  the  opinion  of  thote  who  revittd 
htdid  not  lott  hit  teat  by  at- 
.utt  of  Oomnor,  and  hit  right 
jue*tion  even  by  political  op- 
At  the  tame  time  it  doe*  not  appear 
he  exeroited  or  attempted  to  exercise  the 
i  of  Senator  while  acting  at  Governor, 
and  to  iht  parallel  it  not  complete. 

It  i*  claimed  that  if  Mr.  Watson  did  not  have 
the  right*  of  n  flenttor  hi*  constituent*  were  de- 
prive! of  thdrju*  representation  in  the  choice 
of  United  State*  Senator,  rinoe  no  toooettor  had 


_  titottit  to  hi*  ttai. 
the  vott  taken  at  the  election  of  1894  on  the 
holding  a  constitutional  convent  i<  >n 
town  a  majoritv  to  its  favor,  the  Legis- 
tovmvidtd  f  or  tnch  convention,  to  be  held 

A  joint  reaolution  wat  patted  requiring  the 
Attorney-General  to  investigate  the  title  to  cer- 
tain hirtoricalaixi  leti  papers,  especiallv  a  deed 
of  noffment  of  the  Duke  of  York  to  William 
Penn.  which  were  advertised  to  be  sold  in  Phila- 
delphia at  private  property,  and  to  ascertain 
whether  the  State  were  entitled  to  the  possession 
of  thott  papers.  He  reported  that,  in  his  judg- 
ment, the  Stale  had  a  lawful  claim,  and  he  was 
directed  to  institute  such  proceedings  at  should 
be  necettary  to  protect  the  right*  of  the  State, 

An  act  wat  patted  authorizing  alterations  and 
•  •-.-.(.-• 

Another  act  wat  for  the  suppression  of  betting 
and  wagering  upon  contetU  of  skill  or  speed 
The  penalty  wa*  fixed  at  a  fine  of  not  less  than 
$100  nor  more  than  $2,000,  and  in  d.  fault  of 
payment  imprisonment  of  not  less  than  three 
month*  nor  more  than  two  years. 

Many  other  bill*  of  importance  were  intro- 

wnioh  they  were*  left  the  I>!vcr  '' 


?«  manner  of  itt  [the  Legislature's]  disso- 
l«tU  our  lawi  have  been  leftin  a  state  of  con- 
g^5^JJ^S«"7  to  be  appreciated 

PBKM  AEK.  a  kingdom  to  northern  Europe. 
Tht  ttgfaiaUve  body,  called  the  ttgsdag,  it  com- 
nomd  of  the^Uadtihing^  the lolkSin 

Ml •••!»•  nominated  by  the  ^nwn^l  fhl 
indirect  suffrage  for  eight 

-.u,,MOo.^i£^i^nTpK 


younger  branch  of  the  house  of  Oldenburg  that 
ruled  Denmark  for  four  centuries  and  becai 

!    l-'ivd.-rik    VII.    N 

1868,  whom  Christian  tuooeeded.  having  been 
heir  t<>  tin-  throne  in  il.> 


don,  thped  May  8,186?. 

The  State  Coui 


i§  Christian  IX,  born 

of  Scb\*- 


Council  is  composed  of  the  follow- 
ing  ministers:    Presi<l«-ni    «f  tin-  ('..uncil  and 
Mini5t«r  of  Finance,  Baron  K.  T.  T.  <  >.  1 
Thott,  appointed  Aug.  7,  1894;  Minister  of  tln> 
Interior.  II.  !•!.  ll.'.rrin^;  Minister  of  Justi" 
Minuter    for    Iceland.    •'.    M.     V.    NYll.-manii  ; 
Mini-trr  of  Finance,  C.  D.  Luttichan  :    MiniMi-r 
of   War.  (irn.  < '.     \.  1  •'.  Th,,niM-ii:    Mini-- 
Marine, Vice-Adiniral   N.   !•'.  Kaxn:   Mm 
Worship  and  Public  Instruction.  U  . 
11. -th;  Minuter  of  Public  Works,  II.  I 

Area  and  Population.— The  area  of 
mark,  including  the  Fftroe  Isles,  is  15,280 
miles.    The  population  in  1890,  wh«  n  i 
decennial  census  was  taken,  was  2,185,33V 
>i>ting  of  1,059,822  males  and  1,112,988  femaks. 
Th*-  number  of  marriages  in  1898  was  15. ; 
births,  70,280;  of  deaths,  42,295;  excess  of  Lin  hs, 
26,235.     The  number  of  emigrants  was 
Copenhagen,  the  capital,  had  :tl2.sr,y  inhaLiiants 
in  1890;  with  its  suburb- 
Finances. — The  revenue  for  the  year  ending 
March  31,  1894,  was  58,075,266  kroner 
27  cents),  and  the  expenditure  62, 152,474  1 
The  budget  for  1896  makes  the  revenue  ' 
929  kroner,  of  which  89,085,000  kroner  ai 
rived  from  customs  and  other  indirect  taxes, 
9,971,100  kroner   from  direct    taxes,  6.<,' 
kroner  from  receipts  from  property  and  tin-  .sink- 
ing fund,  4,571,570  kroner  net  from  th<  railroads, 
posts,  and    telegraphs,  1,034,000    kroner    fn>m 
lotteries,    791,524    kroner    from    domain 
forests,  and  627,599  kroner  from  all  other  sou  n  . -s. 
The  total  expenditures  are  estimated  at  r, 
435  kroner,  of  which  10,239,755  kroner  are  d<- 
voted  to  the  Ministry  of  War,  10,03r, 
to  the  improvement  of  state  property  and  n  din  - 
tion  of  debt,  6,820,065  kroner  to  the  Ministry  of 
Marine,  6,654,250  kroner  to  interest  and  expenses 
of  the  debt,  5,714,111  kroner  to  the  Min 
Marine,  3,979,008  kroner  to  the  Ministry  < 
tice,  8,909,298  kroner  to  the  Ministry  of  Public 
Worship  and  Instruction,  3,840,878  kroner  tot  h.- 
Ministry  of  Finance,  3,235,407  kror 
sionsand  military   invalids,  1,155,200  kr 

vil  list  ana  appanages,  738,811  kroner  to 
the  Mini-try  of  Public  Works,  585,456  kron«-r  to 
nittry  of  Foreign  Affairs,  319,016  kroner  to 
the  Kigsdag  and  Council  of  State,  85,764  kn 
Iceland,  and  4,459,074  kroner  to  extraordinary 
purpose*. 

The  public  debt  on  March  31,  1894,  amounted 
to  182,108,488  kroner,  mostly  bearing 3±  per  cent 
interest    The  foreign  debt  was  only  6,5 
kroner.    The  reserve  fund  kept  for  extr 
nary  emergencies  amounted  on  March  31,  1 
34,754,796  kroner.     Th.  investments  of  the  state 
amounted  to  50,976,260  kroner,   not    including 
the  state  railroads,  which  are  valued  at  1>- 
410  kroner. 

I  In-  Army. — The  military  forces  of  Denmark 
in  1895  consisted  of  31  battalions  of  in  fan: 
tides  11  of  reserves ;  5  regiments  of  cavalry,  each 
having  iU  depot ;  2  regiments  of  field  artillery, 
each  having  6  active  and  2  reserve  batteries ;  2 


:  AKK. 


IM>A>IKI:>  IN  tan 


battalions  of  fortress  artillery,  divided  into  6 
besides  5  companies  of  reserves;  and 
,.f  Hub***!      i»..   patoi  •  •»  tfti 
cent  and  13.153  DM  ioUlM ;  the  war 


,ry  weapon*.  th. 


bj  Uw  King.    The 
•juara  mfle^of  which  16.180  are 


rift.  of8 


6ar* 


•  •alll."!."    "f    '»    •  '-It1  I!!..   tVH     '    ill    •    •' 

force  consist*  of  1 

1    i  -Hi  tie  ship  of  the   tftoond  rtnfT,  the 

protected  by  12- inch  pl*te«  and 

i  felon.  4  83-ton,  and  6  small  and 

ring  guns;  8  first-class  armored  cruiser*. 

/ftMon  guns;  4  old  ironclad*  for  port 

i-a-m;  14  P 

ami  6  flr*t-clai*,  4  second-class. 

: as*  torpedo  boat*.    The  budget  f..r 

(vide*  for  a  new  armor-clad  and  I  first - 

••ret.— The  value  of  the  import*  in  1898 
1894.90?  kroner;   of  the  export*.  285,- 

r.    The  value*,  in  kroner,  of 
,1  clasea*  of  import*  and  export*  were  a* 


0r**nlan4.-The  Danish  colony  on  the  east 
inland  ha*  an  eetimaUd  arm  of  4*> 
740  square  miles  and  a  population  of  10,516 
eonl*.  The  import*  in  189*werc  619.161  kroner 
and  the  export*  195,311  kroner  in  value. 

ttoMUnl  Etoettoa.— The  lie*  of  the  Agrarian 

considerably.  To  gain  the  support  of  the 
Agrarian*  the  Government  arranged  with  the 
hank*  for  a  general  reduction  of Iherate  of  in- 
terest  on  mortgage  loans  from  4  to  34  per  ceoL, 
_r  for  the  porpo*f  negotiations  that 
in  iwress  for  the  conversion  of  the  pmbtie 
roted  ho  gMMrtS  "., 
bonds  of  the  credit  fertfcntten*.  a 


•at  fart..*  »«*.. 


r..ncr.  with  th,-  principal  foreign 

..utitn.-^  in 


Mei 


v 


:,r,l  •  MHOrfsH 
The  elections  for  the 

Radical*.  The  people  thus 
against  the  compromise  am 
Folkething  and  the  Cnneern 
Undsthing  in  April  1894. 
thmg.  consisting  of  61  HadioaK  » 
LilM-rals.  and  '24  fiini.t^p.  ..f  thr  |{ik-ht.  mn  ,-n 
19  to  elect  it*  officer*.  Sopho*  Hoegehro, 
•  1;  .:.:-•  •  .  .  i-.  ..  •  •.  -  • 

were  opfMitirtit^  ««f  tlir  f»tnprx«rni^<'. 

IMNVsN  |;s  |N  iv.:, 
America  the  year  opened  with 
s  ;t  h  »torms  so  violent  and 
untold  suffering  and  loss  of 
followed.  Of  the  more  notable 
loss  at  sea  of  the  Elbe  and  the  Reine 
are  the  moat  conspicuous,  involving  the 
instant  loes  altogether  of  755  live* 
mimU-r  than  usual  of  minor  accident*  if  re- 
corded, those  occurring  on  railway*  being  espe- 
cially numerous.  The  lut  of  these  last!  coo- 
densrd  from  the  full  monthly 


fire  are 


ay 
from 


Cation, 
ubh  ports  in  1898  was  27.208,  with  2,049.-    Ncw  York. 

«  of  cargo:  the  number  cleared  was  27,- 
106.  carrying  5K2.819  ton*  of  cargo. 

The  merananl  marine  on  Dec.  81, 1898,  con- 
•istM-f  M.«i7:.  %•— -Is.  ,.f  :-o.!.n   ton*,  of  which 

vere  steam  veseels. 
ununiratin 
railniad  m  1894.   Of  these,  99t» 

:»t  |ir»i«rty.  in  whi.-h  i>v*».i»7.\4io  kroner 


'   • 

"  Railway  Gazi-tte  " ;  the  summaries  of  loss**  by 

bv  the -Jour- 
nal  of  Commerce  and  Commercial  ftttlletin."  of 


the  return*  pnbliehed 


,  \.    Train*  wreeked 
and  0|«^ua,  W^h.s  killed. f§  I 

4  hurt 


!.•:•• 


The  telegraphs  had  a  length  of  8.674  miles, 
•-.     The  state  owned 


timark  has 
legislative  f*- 

eXPDMMil    l.y    I  In      1\      _.    r''.r..ui;!i    .1    MM     I    .'     I 

Qovernor,  M  The  AlthinK  i* 

Na»li 

•embfix  half  of  them  appointee*  of  the  < 

and  half  .-l-vioi  l.y  the  other  Chamlicr.    Thfa  b 

the  popular  branch  and  contains  96  member*,  of 


biE^T«)  £4~-  P^"T^ 


• 

•••          .    »      .   : 


:ied,l 

__   I    j|  —   •   ~^f   9    mm*mmm  \ 

nun.    oeoona  are  in  i<svomo  ivse  esn  01  ^•ii**ij  )• 

__  M  u>  i       . o    «•*  .  _  ___i  itf jjiK m^A. 

w^wSss^^fy^t^s^^vMi^ 

.      HeCttv.  Mou  1  kilkZVhail 


MBAST1BS  IN   I8M 


ed  near  MUlfean.  ImL.  1  kUI«l. 
IV  te,   $1*0.000;    lUn, 


NoUnd,  N«w 

n  open  dfwbridjra 


aod  to  at  Bon*,  Moot.  M 

•       .. 


2  hurt, 

.  .  s,     .;..,'',,.   .- 

etor  of  Kochan  partly  de- 


.  •          ••.}••••  ,-.-,  and 


ra  sink*  in   Lake 

k|    M 


cold  in  the  Northwestern  United  Statea. 
d  Mtf  Itta  B«us  Miaa^  1  killed.  2  hurt 
~-~  Train,  wrecked  near  8.1i*bury    N 
killed,  t  hurt ;  roeteavllle,  In«t,  8  killed,  27  hurt ; 
EbriaarO,  Minn 
SO.  fthipwrvck :  North  German  Lloyd  atcamer  Elbe 

-.  •       \    .....  ;..  • 

rraithfa.  lo*  SS&.  *avcd  22.     Train  wrecked  near 
Olathe.  Kaiu  t«r.  take  nre,  2  tramp*  killed. 

11.  Train  wracked    near    N  -n.    Ind..    1 

killed.  S  hurt.    Fire:  Holme.  College  burned,  Jack- 
in  January:  Anna,  III.,  State  insane  asylum 

b^ofe±Srohi"-d 

««MjjL,biMl^bW 

•••  ?        ••./.'' 


$1, 
$7i:..noO;  Brool 

thera;  aggregate  Ions, 

for  January :  65  col- 
i ;  total,  129.     K 
5 other*;  total, 82.    Hurt: 
Si  other;  total  100. 
Fttmj  1.  Fire :  Cleveland,  Ohio,  Deaconess  Hos- 
ptollNiroad,4UveakMC. 

lT Train  wrecked,  Woodell,  I'a..  1   killed.  8  hurt 
:•    •         ....... 

1  Fire :  Boehaeter,  Pa^  glaaa  work*  burned,  loss, 

r^nlorfoo :  ire  damp  In  a  French  colliery,  about 
i.  Fir* :  Lima,  Ohio,  bu*ineaa  honaea  ftfH  theaters 

•-It,  lanoaa  and  unprecedented  cold  in  the  United 
HUta*  awl  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  over  a  large 
pe*  of  wwtera  Europe;  storm*  of  great  violence 

aero  in  <  'anada ;  wide- 

..      .     :...-! 


Indi- 


loaa,  $100.000. 

Q  i 

S^SSr^'erona.  N 


*hkillluu>dinff.N.Y.,loM 

^ *-^K (^    xJ?SS2i 


Ho«y,  ».  J^  hotel  burned,  lorn, 
IS.  fin:  Lyu,  Mam,  loaa,  $100/»0. 


M.  Heavy  nnow  in  Texaa  and  the  Southwestern 
State*,  man'v  ..f  tin-  lanri-  ht-nU  ..i'i-:ittK-  lose  26  per 
cant,  of  ili«i'r  nuiiibcr  by  expoouro.  Cholera epidenua 

tantinopla. 

16.  Train  wicked  m-ur  Khin«.«-r.iV.  N.  V..  1  killed, 
1  hurt. 

Train*  wrecked  In  Kansan  anil  <  >kluh<>ma,  sev- 
eral live*  loot  HIM!  many  injured. 
1-.  Funiiiii-   in    i 

...   V  \..   M.i>io   flail  burned, 

°^9.  Train  wrecked  near  Credo.  W.  Va.,  i 
S  hurt    >kntiiik' luxjident,  80  j-tn.i.  lit-  ,|»,.\M,. 
Moacow.      (inn   Inirnt*  ut   tin-  Suixlv    II 
'.  «-k  killed. 

•rmoaablowi 
»i!..  ul»out  2,000  Chinese  soldiers  kilU.l.     Fire:  Ham 

,000. 

23-24.  Tr  ..•*!    near  Greenville  Ala.,  1 

killed.T  hurt  :  ai>.l  Ma 

27.  Expl«*ion  in  a  coal  in 
Mexico,  25  kill«-,l. 

28.  Train   wrecked  near  the  city  ot 
killed,  many  hurt 

-  In  February:  Monn<  vania,  glass 

workt>.lo*8,  $150,000;  Citx'innatiJ  >hi'».  t<.l.ac. •- 
$300,000:  St.  Joseph.  Mo.,  railroad  Nation,  $:•• 
Mount  il«.ll\.  N.  .1..  hot.-i.  #1  :,n.«.,. 
i«ilk  mills,  $300,000;  llainih  !..lry   l.nild- 

ings,  $240,000;  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  cotfec  mill*,  $250,- 
000;    MfameapoliH,    wurehoOMa,   $160,000;    ( 
business  houses,  $280,000 ;  Halifax.  Nova  Seotiu,  ware- 
houses, etc.,  $600,000 ;  Kin-.-t-.n.  N.  C.,  sundry  l.uild- 
inga,  $225,000.     Total   number  of  tires,  216. 
gate  low,  $12,360,200. 

Summary:  Train  accidents  in  Ft-l>n. 
sions,  9-J  denUoMBla,  .s  «'tli.-r>;   t-.tal.  I 
18  employees,  2 paasengcrs. :;  nth.n*;  total,  18.    Hurt: 
7"«  <'inj»loyee«,  44  passengers;  total,  1 1'.'. 

March  1.    Buildings  full  in  .  5  kilU-d.  ly 

hurt    Train  d«raih«l  near  Bayonno,  N.  J.,  a 
truin  in  collision  with   tin-  wreck,  'J  killed.  :'.  liurt 

1  in--,  lutiihc-r  yarda  burned,  Ottawa,  Canada,  loaa. 
$100,000. 

2.  Locomotive  boiler  explodes.  Weeins,  Ala 
wrecked,  2  kilU-d. 
8.  Third  fire  in  Toronto,  Ontario  (H  <  « nd  of  Man  h  i. 

4.  Train  d<-rail.-.l   l,y  niali<-«..  ()/.ark.  Ark..  1  killed. 

5.  Train  di-raili-d.  Beaufort,  Ti-nn..  1  killed.    Trains 
derailed  and  in  collision  near  Scotland,  <ia.,  2  killed, 

2  hurt    Locomotive  boiler  explode-  n<  ar  <  'ove,  Pa^ 
mail  and  baggage  oars  derailed,  2  killed,  1  hurt 

10.  Train  derailed  by  fallen  rocks  near  Newton, 
Pa..  1  killed. 

11.  Shipwreck  :  Spanish  jnan-of-w  nr  K 
«inks  oil    rape    Finistenv.   all  ha: 

"tive  maehinerv  breaks  near  I>\ 
kille.l,  1  hurt.    Train  derailed  near  Dickcnson,  Texas, 
1  killed,  1  hurt 

1.'.  TrainH  in  collision,  Elvinn,  Mo.,  1  killed,  2 
hurt 

re:   workshop  of  Nicola  Tewla,  the  famous 
electrician,  burned,  in  New  York.    Train  derailed  by 
washout  near  Troy.  .\la..  u  killed,  3  hurt;  ai 
near  Allegheny  <  ity.  I'a.,  l  killed,  1  hurt. 

unioane  in  the  Fiji  Islands. 

16.  Explonion  :   tire  damp  in  Australiun  coal  mines, 
m  flTei  (oat, 

Train  derailed,  Oakwoode,  Texas,  1  killed,  2 
hurt. 

17.  Fire:    roundhouse    burned,    Toledo,    Ohio.   8 
killed,  9  hurt    Train  derail.  mil  Tunnel, 
Va..  2  fatally  hurt 

18.  Paasengf-r  car  on  2 -foot  narrow-gau^e  railroad 
overturned  by  wind  near  Strong,  Me. 

20.  Tornado  in   northern  Georgia,  much   damage 
reaulta.    Explosion:  dvnamite  in  transit  on  ti 
Rhine,  2.r>  kUlecL    Trains  in  collision  near  ]Iinckley, 
111..  2  killed. 

i.xploftion   in  mine  near  Evanston,  Wyo.,  60 
killed. 


IN  *"•  : 

§4.  Hotel  burned  in  Denver.  4  flreman  killed.    l>ia-     wrecked  near  ElitabHhport,  X.  J  .  1  killed,  1  hart 

loat  HUraai  BMW  found  guilty  HT  maa»iatj*btrr. 

SBimafca  a  train near  Moaa*  OateS. 

80.  Tf  -•»»   tnatla  near  I'urtamoath,    coal  oar*  carried  into  the  J 

•  m.  loaded     <x 

at 


aleaea.  becomea  Igailed  and  all  are  burned.  11  Train*  wrecked 

i 


rt 

machinery.  i*40,ooo;  1C  Train  wrecked  near  Saratoga,  N.  V  .  I  killed. 

Iowa,  l*  Tram  wrecked  by  maUaTaea?  J*rk-*uoro**b. 

4toa jpraaa,  8  •                                                            J,  1  kUled, 

'&»•%&  '                  :balldla^lmn^lBl^o^k«,OI, 


'•      •>*  Morea,  088ftjOOO;  St.  Augustine,  Kla.,  build"  19.  ff0TttKnta.ke,  near  Wlanaaaav  Italv  BMBT  aaaaaa 

a*  ehuwhe*,  eu^,  0*»0,0UO ;  and  819  other* ;  aggre-  buildln*e  aeriou»ly  damaged,  atvaral  Ihraa  ton. 

Qajnmary  of  train  accidenu  in  March :  M  collbiona,  killed. 

Jmeata.9  mlacellanoou. ;  total,  I*J.    k  .i-«a.  Traiaa  wrecked  near  Paroaia, Ohio.  I  killed ; 

l^^ff^lSS?^^^    Ilttn:6lwu-  ^^^^^«  killed  ;l)«,TUI.,Ky,t 
KH    Train  dCaiied  near  Klmira.  N  ^ 


ram*r..k.                                                  ..  Manianillo,  MazioA, aad FraaeJi  ataaajar  DOB  Padio 

upaaj  eettled  with  many  of  the  itgured  off  the  8panlah«e^ JW  uTJaloA 

^  $100  on  the  apot).  « recked  near  Raao,  Ne».  1  tramp  killed. 

k  train                              /..n,  111..  nU-ut  7.',  tramp  80.  Miachievoua  boya  Bear  Prorideoae,  B. TU  «•»• 

o«N                                                         ville.0hio,a  the  wreck  of  4oara,Smea  hart.    Traia 

la  falla  50  feet, 4  killed,  8  hur  i  ,xaa,  fl  killed,  t  hart 

.!.  I'a.l  kill«d.:,hurt.  31.  fircua  train  wrecked  aear 

Train  derailed  near  New  Ca^le,  Wro/l  man  hurt. 

killed                                   ng  ttaelf  through  the  Kirea  in  May:  Buffalo.  N    -, 

"— -;  Port  HurooV1" -- 


L  Landalide  near  Marion,  N.  Cn  wrecka  a  train,  S    OOu ;  Coney  Uland,  N.  \\eaadry  buUdi 

L,  tt^^aUa^^ 


-atroua  flood,  in  New  England  and  the  Mi.i  OlAO/MO:  < 

^^Kaa.     Punxauwm -y.  i'n..  a  »a*h«.  .-  .  MawL.  I  .ledo,  Ohio.  milU, 

car*  and  kilU  .'  men;  another  near  CSemiin.  in  the  Ih-n-lm-.n.  Ky.,  tobacco  wareaoaaaa, 

aan,    Mat..  I   v;  -.      K    ,     .   «•    ,     .,    M   •,.  {M     •'••-.    H0MB%        •     t 

''  train  ft~Ht1H- 

>rt.  68  derailment*.  4  miacellaaeoa* ;  total.  111. 

<>n  at  Shanghai,  <'hina,40aoldiera  killed.  1«   employee*,   t   paaaaagerik,  f  other*:   < 

Train  wrocked,  probably  through  malice,  near  Hurt:  6«  employe**,  Of  paaeeagera,  8  otht 


A  Ann.  Tenn..  S  hurt. 

Htria  and  northern  Italy,  eev-        Joae  8.  Train  wrecked,  (ireat  Spriaga.  W.  Va,  8 


raiaj  wvaakad  ncai                 Ohio,  1  killed,  hurt. 

.  Slevena.  Va..  1  kill.  .r  derailed  near  Goabea.  N.  Y,  throwatoetaer 

.  8  killed,  .  track  where  it  waa  *—Mfi^j  run  Into,  aad  81  ran 

-x&ool  of  Art*  burned  at  t'halnn»-eur-  wrecked,  S  men  hart    Traia  derailed  Bear  Parlaa, 

.  »1  uahle  mu  .x-k  eatcaea  flre.  Ao  car*  buraed,  8  aaaa  hurt 

Klamea  extinguiahed  bj  raaidaBta. 

.ir  South  I:            N:  •;  killed,  <  hart 80 earn  wrecked. 

Hart  Orange,  N.  J.,  electrical  worka  8-9.  Train,  wrecked  Bear  Daaaaav  Akv,  1  killed ; 

N  Ugaaaporv  Iml,  1  killed,  1  hurt ;  aad  IHaoa.  IIU, 

warehouaea,  etc.,  $*)•),-  . 

000;  i;a.*lrn.i,  «  al ..  I           •  n  camriag  a  flre  eagiae  ttCaav 

dianTrrnt..^^.....^..!.^,^^;,.^.....:    •  .,  ,-    •      u     \                                                       -         . 


U  brick    -..  ,.HM>;   Plattoburg.  Mo.,     hurt,  aome  of  them 

OhK  « tram 
»  wrecked 

.     board.  1   kilUM.  S  hurt;  a 

•gimv«tc  l.^,|ll. 01  M. •-..  trai. 

/Nmmary  .;      .     .    -.drnta  in  April :  ™  ,-.lli-,i..n,.     •ear*  !'a  ..!,!«,-  .  ...  v  I.:  .  '  k 

,,lled: 


•~m^    in-,   oru-K     wiimn,    ^ww^uuv:    i  iaiu«nurv.    mo^  nun,  m*w 
".««•«';   1'hila.lelphia. 

warehouae,  0300.000;  11.  Tra.i 

Montrral.  tol«cco  factory.  0800,000;  and  185  othera;  board.  1  k 


Hurt:  k  ill.  a.  1  employee  hurt 

•  %  af  raaaenger*.  19  othera;  total,  90.  :  r*in 

ado  in  Kanaaa,  10  live,  loat,  many  tramp*  bun. 
wrecked. 


aaaiBaaaa^Bm *         *  *a*\    *»t.      *!*» 

1    IHi    wP      K  '  •  1  aV-VeX     1  FmUaV     WJ^Cm9fM    OTaV     O4WTT.     I  4V  .    2    l¥Haal|V 

.1.  more  than  100  lire*  kwt  and  S  employee*  hart:  Kureka,  Taaa,  4  hart ;  N« 

<*motire  run.  away  near  riark.villr.  Ark  .     lan.l  .  I  killed.  8  ht 

-    hurt  ;    MilledgerUle,  tie.,    1    killed,  1  kv 
»d  ilvde  I'ark.  Maaa.  8  killed.     Alkea,  H.  C..  ft  killed,  1   hart     The  UM     liliiaBt 


aradaad,  I  ml.,  ami  llvdr  Park.  Mae*,  8  killed. 

••  atorma  In  the  We*t  and  South.  *  Fire*  'ia  June :  *M«w 

n»,n  break,  down  a  rtooded  bridge  loaa,  OlTMOO;  Kalamaano,  Mich,  lumber,  rtc,  0«0,- 
•earMamii;                      irowned,  4  hurt  OttOjMO;  Soatfc 

vn  into  the  riv,  U  haaiaaai  block,  0800JOOO:  New  York,  tbe- 

and  1  man  drowned     I'nion  Point,  Ga..  a  misplaced  aler.  $300.000; 

•witch  wrecka  a  train  and  hurts  8  paraoae.  Train  Minneapolis 


DISASTERS  IN  18W. 


*»ssows 


to  the  shrine 

ASJM  of  ffiiijirl  wmsked  near  Levia,  Canada, 
1$  kitted,  tO  hurt.    Trains  wrecked  near  Ocean 
Cal,  and  Tow*  Creek,  Pa..  2  killM.  1  hurt. 

10   rail  of  Carino  roof  in  Atlantic  <  itv,  upward  of 
IM  killed  or  hut 

r*   el    Ilesse-Naatta.   Germany,   10  killed, 
Trains  wrecked  at  Whit. 

•i  killed,  2  hurt. 


IS.  Enoaoire  forsst  firm  in  northen 

18.  Torsttdo  near  New  York  city,  ft  killed;  many 


14.  Train  wracked  near  Handler,  Texas,  9  killed. 

iUJIway  trestle  breaks  near  Monui 
killed,  IS  hart,  11  of  the  latter  tramps.    Thirteen  can 
wreeksJ  near  Plymouth,  Pa..  1  killed,  1  hurt. 

19.  Violent  rtoVras  in  the  Weal,  many  lives  lost  and 
bajUdiofla  wrecked.  Trains  wrecked  at  Fort  Payne, 
Ala-  and  Pleasant  Hill,  N.  <\  8  killed,  2  of  them 

I.  Pisaatiuua  storms  continue  at  the  West,  with 
further  ••orilce  of  life.    Fire :  oil  mill  burned  at  Chi- 
ee*n.  lose,  $300,000.    Shipwreck :  Italian  stean 
asjria  sank  in  collisioo  with  the  Maria  P.  in  the  Gulf 
•TOe»oa,UO  lives  lost 
n.  Mine  flooded  in  Japan,  47  drowned. 
•1  Ejq4c<fc» : fire dampUi  a  mine  in  Westphalia, 
I  killed.    Train  wrecked;  Greenville,  Pa.,  1  killed. 
JM.aTroop  train   wrecked   near  Kobe,  Japan,  114 

in  Japan,  nearly  5,000  fatal 


aa.  Flood,  near  Fort  Scott,  Kam«  lives  lost 
Si.  UiKlsiide  and  furious   storm  near  Adelaide, 
ObU  traia  detailed.  *  men  drowned. 
Firs*  in  July:  Wellington,  Ohio,  nearly  ruined, 


,  loss,  »16&,000;  Scotia,  Cal.,  lum- 
•«,i5«U)00;0.wefo,N.Y,.undry,$lM,000;  1 
ten.  N.  \\  steamer  and  hotel.  $266400 ;  Cincinnati, 

oif  mills,  |400,- 
w  York, 
Menominee,  Mich.,  |500,- 

of  train'  a^diff  in^ly^M'cJl 
M  d^mUiMQta,  8  others ;  total,  88.    Killed:  16  em- 
r^yees.  I  ffssisntM,  $  others;  total  26.     Hurt:  48 
oayluj  sea,  It  rasfsofMs.  9  others ;  toul,  76. 

A»fV  •-.-•:,:.: 

•  IDA    Train  wrecked  near  Canton,  Ohio,  18 

io,  wreck 

'       . 


.lkill«l,7hurt 


Vf  *broken  drawbsr  near  St. 

IL  &&"*SS*^^*^*^*  «^- 

TktevredMd^CaJMM,  W.  V^,Si  Bai£ 


bridge,  Ohio ;  at  the  latter  place  90  can  ft  11  into  the 
• 

14.  Train  derailed  near  Pom  fret,  Conn.,  8  tramps 
killed.  1  hurt. 

16.  Fire  in  Pr«y tyk,  Poland,  probably  of  inccn.liurv 
origin,  4,000   pemons   rendered    homeless.     Traini 
wrecked  at  Liberty  Park,  N.  J.,  aji.l  T<n.pl.. 
8  killed,  85  hurt 

16.  A  party  of  DOTS  switched  oft  some  care  t< 
track  near  Aurora,  111.,  a  collision  resulted,  and  as  a 
car  was  loadfl  with  sulphuric  ucid  «.n»-  of  the  boy  a 
met  a  terrible  death  and  5  of  Ida  companions  were 
dreadfully  burned. 

18.  Train  wrecked   near  Three  Bridges,  N.  .1  .  i 

19.  Steam  boiler  explodes  in  a  hotel  at  Denver,  26 
killed.  l.uililiiiL'  I'urn.  .i. 

SO.  Train  wrecked    near  Lawrencebuifr.  I; 
killed,  1  hurt. 

•M  J.uil.liiitf  falls  in  Chicago,  loss  about 
$200,(XK'.      Trnin  wru.-kcd  nt  Piuni-lin-.s,  Vn.,  2  killed. 

22.  Dynamite  maliciously  placed  on  the  tracl 
liuttr.  H  ••;  v  the  whole  train  passes  before  ex- 

plosion. 1  car  wrrckrd,  1  ]'i-i>"M  hurt. 

24.  Train  wrecked  at  Pulu*ki.  N.  Y..  1  tr:un|. 
2  trampH  hurt. 

25.  Trains  derailed  at  Richmond  Beaoh,  Wash.,  aa4 
Kdgcin»iit.  s.  hak..  '•  killi-d. 

I  rains  wrecked  at  Kunge,  Texas,  Sullivan,  Mo., 
and  FWi.-r,  C..1..  -l  kilh-.J,  :i  hurt. 

80.  Train  derail c«l  by  inali.-<-  n< -ar  I'-.rtlaml,  W.  Va^ 
10  cars  thrown   into  tin-   <>|ii«>  riv.  r.   Mat'mn  fired. 
Train   wn-rki-«l.  I'-.j...';.    1-Yrrv,  (in.,  -j  killed, 

and  at  Kri.-,  I 'u.,  2  killed. 

81.  T;  led  at  (  raryville,  N.  Y.,  and  Hunt- 
inirton.  I'u.. '.'  kilU.-d,  1  hurt.  ' 

in  August :8pragne,  Wjwh..  railnmd  i  ! 
1. 1 1  n  it  (1  .loss,  $1.000,000;  li.  rlin.   M.I.,  Min-ln  . 
000;  Warren,  Mass..  factory,  $375,000;  Lockport.  III., 
Mundry,  $260,000 ;  Newark,  N.  J., 
Philadelphia,  factory,  $250,000 ;  Bingham,  Ut» 
dry,  $200,000;  Milwaukee,   u  •-uses,  $860,-! 

000;Cin«  innati.  warehouse,  $190,000;  and  17:: 
aggregate  loss,  $9,929,000 

Summary  of  train  acoidento  in 
sions,  71  derailments,  8  others;  total,  i:;-j.    Ki. 
employees,  8  passengers,  11  others;  total,  4'.*. 
41  employees,  78  passengers,  21  others :  total. 
September  1.  Earthquake  shock  in  N«-\v  V-r 

I  Ynn.-ylvnniu.  and  Delawar 
of  Muttic  burned  in  Buffalo,  Ions,  $250.000. 

inaway  locomotive  near  Wooala^n.  N 
collision  with  pafwen^iT  trains,  2  killed.  40  hurt. 

•'•.  Floods  in  eastern  Mexico,  much  sun'ering  . 
;;..  j..  ooa 

re  in  copper  mine  near  Houghton,  Mich.,  86 
lives  lost 
T.  Trains  in  collision  at  Blanc) . 

U-datMonmoutl  •  urt. 

8.  Widespread  forest  fires  in  Wisconsin. 

9.  Train  derailed  by  a  washout,  Neosho. 
killed.  1  hurt. 

i  rain   derailed  at  Evannvilh-.  Wis..  <••  killed. 
Train  in  collitiion  at  Scaly,  Texas,  1  kill 

11.  Train-  '  hurt. 

1-J.   'I  na.  111..  1  kill.-d,  1  hurt. 

16.  Train    derailed,  O-llinsvlll,-!,   II..   i    kil 
hurt. 

16.  Trains  derailed,  Bonnievillc,  Kv.,  and  A 
dale,  Minn.    Alto^t-tlx-r  1  kill«-d,  18  hurt,  4  ••• 

•!.,';   :  I 

18.  Train  wrecked,  Greensburg,  Ind.,  1  killed,  sev- 
eral hurt. 

19.  Shipwreck :  Spanish  war  *hij>  P 

n    follision.  :;'»   drowned,   including    Admiral 
•  and  several  other  officers. 
21.  Trains  in  collision  at  Drummond  uixl 
III.,  8  killed,  2  hurt,  all  tramps. 

i  U-avy  snow  and  t'ro^t  in  Colorado.    Destructive 
prairie  fires  in  south  Oklahoma. 
28.  Train  derailed,  (,.  Kan.,  1  killed,! 


DISASTERS  IN   1806. 


HKIST. 


ten.    Abo,  Washing**,  111,  S  killed.    Floods  In 
Lttttborton,  Mist,  probably  by 


—  ••••'  «•  lleWtt  »  4V0 

rssninfim.  4  otfcer*;  u*al.  * 
7YMSBsnaieja,4ethefe;  touLieji 


In  eollUioo  at  Tuaoelton,  W.  V*,  IS 


ak^M  derailment*, 4  other.;  total,  108. 

Hurt: 

14  paawnirens  18  othew;  total.  179. 
i  wrecked,  Huleo,  Teua,  1   - 


ooa 


L  Trains  wrecked  at  Red  <  >»k,  (ia.,  and  Ulackatone, 
•StioD,  Ma-L,  8  killed.  -J  hurt. 
7.  Train,  in   collision,  Bethune,  Cot,  1   killed,  S 

wrecked.  Manor.  I 'a..  1  killed.  8ft  hurt. 

I'a..  I  killed,  S  hurt. 
S  M-...  and  A nia- 
.  killed,  & 
derailed,  Ceylon,  Ind.,  S  killed,  several 

i  Train  wracked.  Bond  Hill,  Ohio,  1   killed,  8 
H  With.  'rain  wracked,  8  killed. 


S  other.;  total,  1ML 

-   •  -       , 

•         -          •  v 

«Cen,  t»  othen;  to- 


Ma^Vdley  J 
led,  s«  hurt. 


une- 


"'  >  s<  I  I'LEft  01     «  1  1  I:  I  >  I  .       H>, 
muwonmry  meeting*  of  the  DfedptM 
were  held'  in  I  inlUa,  Tenv.  beinnin 
twenty-flwt  mnnoal 


,  lumber,  $100,000;  Portstuouth,  V»  . 
lumber,  t*50/K)0 ;  New  Orleana,  rir. 

' 

la»  works,  $*7«\000;  and  about  150  odi- 

nary  of  train  accidents  in  October :  60  colli- 
ekeA44derailmenta,7othen;  total,  isi.     Killed: 40 
,«oihen.;  total,  s 


meeUng  of  Uie  Chrirtka 
briooIOet.  UL    The  Crvaw- 

«^ 

«|'-  >-  r  i-i  -,.,,,.  i  ...*,;,:-..•   i 

n   of  a  balance  from  UM  pfw 
Tear  of  $  1  7.040.  made  the  toUl  ramitw  181,. 
feB.    Of  this  Mm  $75.517  had  heen  diatmmd. 
f  the  collections  for  the 
twenty-one  ream  of  UM  lllstimill  of  the  hoanl 


,. 
a.  Trmijwrecked,  Edgeworth,  Mam,  8 


nan.  anaurove,  w.  va^s  Eineo,3tanur 

Electric  car  ami  road  wafron.  ....  i:,  hurt ; 

herm  paralysed  by  an  electric  ahock  in  crossing 

X  Train  wrecked.  Franklin,  Tcnn.,  a  kill. 
«w,,..m,  boiler  explodes,  Wa.  ,        \    ,     ; 

•4.n  »r, .  K.-.I.  America,  Ala.,  4  killed,  8  hurt, 
lertric  cor    fall*  throuch  open  drawbridge. 


nn.l  junior  societies,  with  10,73 

»ut*d    a   -Little   Missionary  fund"  of 
$5.548.    The  society  had  nearly  80  mtsvtooarir* 

EbOftef    ta    "...    !••;,.,..;         .     .     ,     -, 
maica,  and  was  •M*r<*<*y  an  aratirmir  el  llasr) 
in   tin*   iifiintAiii*  of   Kentucky  and  f 

:. 


reland,  ohm 


Bn-itf.- 

SM 

»    M.t 


• 

11  hurt;  alleged  objeot of 
Train  wrecked  on  £sst  River 

ait.l    llr-.k 


u.  the  West  and  a' 
-Hand.  or*.    The  erection  of  a 
training  school  in  Ji 

:• 


Lwuar.  Mt-< 


(tour  mill*. 

ke«L  si  •-...*.       \         .    .  ,  .         . 


M    •    : 


on  Get  tl.  The  rwvinte  for  the  mr  had  been 
J8M14.  showing  a  gain  of  $IOJM  orer  those  of 

18MPt? enlist  a  lancvr  number  of  drarehes  In  the 
society  had  reenlu 

.  ,  ......;  , 

to  3.408,  or  from  about  15  p 
cant  of  the  whole  number. 

•he  Sundar  -boob  had 

- 

$8  each.    Tlie&KleaTorsociHieahadbmiaskecl 
to  raise  $5/100  with  which  to  erect  o  building  in 


;  DISCIPLES  OP  CHRIST. 


and 


Ptopto's  Heathen 

^ 

Th.  tocisljr  had  about 

In' 
Turkcy.  India.  J«i 

was  pitched  at  (»  sta- 


four 

.  under  "whose  labor 
brought  into  thcehun  h  <m- 
sr).  1,708  baptised,  i:{  ehiirche.s 
•tfilliiii.  anil  68  new  placss  risked.    Besides 
UJsvork. S7  States  and  8  prorinces  had  mi> 
which  together  emj 
work  had  given  21.H- 


.  .......    >'•      •     .: 

For  the 


these  State  n.i- 
_  been  raised  during  the  year. 
this  amount  that  raised  by  the  Gen- 
eral Board  and  its  missionaries  ($76.500),  f  J I ."  i ; 
by  tlM  Boanl  of  Chun-h 
UlS  Ifcmrd  of  Xrgni  Kdtirati.-n  and   Kvnn. 

s-    '         -^   •  raogeliistion,  |908,475 
far  OOUSgvs,  |6JUO.OOO  for  chtm-h  Imildin. 
$7JMO  for  bcoerok-nce,  the  whole  year's  contri- 
ImUons of  UM  Disciples  for  home  work  footed  up 
SSSm 


164305.  Besides  the  stationed  mission- 
aiiM,  A  oooriderarOe  number  of  evangelists  had 
be*o  awl  oat,  who  had  labored  efT.-c -tivrly  in 
many  plaoca.  With  the  aid  of  a  fun.!  ooonib- 
aUd'in  •pecial  gift*  a  •Trteraatic  effort  had  been 


DOG  SIIKl.T 

ings  asking  tlu-  I'nitcd  States  <;. .\.-nnnrin  to 
take  |>r..in|'t   iiu-aMirfii  for  tlu-  |ii-..trctii.ii  of  tho 
mbdoiuirio     in    China,    and    rt.nmirinliii;;    ih,- 
.  •  \:i>  ami  At  :    I  ln-ir  rlu-r- 

-\  in  ]>n-\i-iiliii>;  11  |in/i-  li^lit  \\liidi   ha-: 
arranged  to  be  foti^iit   lir>t  in  the  former  State 
an<l  ufi«  rward,  when  not  jHTmitt. •.!  tin  n -.  in  the 
latter. 

HIM,   sin  |  iii;s.    The  most  famous  estab- 
lishments in  which  lost.  •  i  raptured 
dogs  are  cared  for.  are  a  ndnn, 
England,  and   l.n   /V/urn.                       .  \vln<h  is 
also  a  police  adjunct.     I't                     >f  the  Leg* 
islttt urc shelter  has  bn-ii  ]>ro\id<d  i: 
for  homeless  and  unlicensed  dogs,  and 
cessful  has  it  proved  that  another  one  has  been 
established    in    Brooklyn.      The  dog-oatching 
ra  have  own  placed  \\licrc  th.-\  -Imuld  U> 
—in    the    hand>  of    The    American 
the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animal-     and  in- 
stead of  an  incentive  to  theft  and  cruelty  in  the 
form  of  a  payment  of  from  M  to  5< 
each  do£  oaptored  thr  men  who  pi  al>ou1 
the  city  s  surplus  dogs  are  paid  a 
placed  under  bonds,  and  are  dismissed.' 
when  an  act  of  cruelty  is  prove 

nger  is  the  old  dog  cart,  \\itli  it>  lanital 
and  ignorant  catcher,  sent  about  to  take  up  the 
homeless,  starving,  and  danp-rous  dop-. 
them  carelessly  into  a  pen,  and  let  them  MifTer 
three  days  or  more  before  being  drowned 
and  comfortable  ambulances  go  about  tin 
to  take  to  the  commodiou-  shelter  at  ln-j,: 
ami   KuM  liiver  all  the  stray,  maimed.  In.; 
or  injured  dogs  and  cats  "that   ma\ 

.lohll    i'  delit   of    The    Allieri. 

ciety  for  the   Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals, 
who  succeeded  in  getting   the    legislation  that 


in  the  gnat  cities.    The 

'  •  •  .  .  ••..••.•, 
trs*  changed  to  American 
Christian  Missiooary  So- 

1W   rscdpts    of    the 
Board  of  Chur 
•*»(*»«." 

than  tho«  of  the 
Loans  had 

. 

of  ttt,7M.  and  a  consid* 
afibl*  number  of    |r«ns 
rrom  f::.  to  $1.. 
had  been  prom- 
issd. tot*  paid  ttpon 
•nsaplstion  of  the  I  > 
ta0  and  UM  furnishing 
of  s 
. 


THE   AMBtrLAIfCK. 


'    '  M  ...  •  ^.  HM.MWr.  of  Disciples'  schools  in 
ta*  r«,t^I  s«ai«  to  be  about  7J&0,  with  an  ag- 


&-fcsi^5*^to^^ 

•fcooK    Th^NaikmalSuperinteindent  of  Chris- 
Us*  K*Wror_ report^  1006  societies,  an   in- 


accomplishes  these  wonders,  is  in  daily 
of  postal  cards  and  letters  asking  him  • 
dogs.     The  law  referred  ; 
tains  these  provisions  : 


Tw  fMnrt  on  n«irn«  educati 
HOB  timl  that  ths  work 


of  690  societies.    The  re- 
f  number  as  80S. 
and  cvangeliza- 
wsn  inoron 
pMSsd  at  the  meet- 


Every  perron  who  owni«  or  }i,v 
dog*  within  the  corporate  limits  of  any 


ity  havinA 

population   of   over  800,000   hliall    j.r-K-nn-    a 
lieenne  and  pay  the  sum  of  fj  f»r  <  :i'  li  <i<v 
applying   for  such  licence  the  owner  shall 
wrung  the  name,  sex,  breed,  age,  color,  an>i  marking* 
of  the  dog. 


tbb  act  •ball 


DOG  SBKLTSBa 

i-, 


Ml 


The  pMBafg  of  thu  law  rapmUd  UM  lav*  r«- 
to  .ri/urr  of  dot*  and  amonff  UMa»on* 

, 
'••*•     »••"'<  *-^^*»    a»aa*4i      »»M*a^P»^B«"^a»»  T 


tartan  of  thTurw  by  UM  paymant 

<  n»«  or  rvt)c»*l  •hall  »tftic  the  ^^^Ly^f^""*^*  ^*w  jJL?!f*^  ^ BMtt 

,,.,.,,      .,,,.••.,         .  ,  l'»«'  j-r-'M-i-m  -  f  tJ..    f.  r«  „••  .:    ;  ^   •    J  : .. 

..... 

MB  Uaanaaor  raorwai.  •     •  •  '    •  -  ' 

.11  at  .11  time.  bav«  a  *••  empowemi  to  iantt  dof  Hnanani  •ndooUagl 

Mtf  •iiaebad  Uiar«u>  UM  IMS  thvrvfor.  provided  Uiai  UM  Bopjatj  ab 


UN? 


I 


out  thaproriaionaof 

f    r    .   -•     --.._>.    ; 


Tbc  ounatitutiofMlity  of  UM  law  waa  al  firat 

,rlfc.m.l..,.i-D., .,.,„,.,. i-'iih,      Jtogrf!    T,..,,:,-l..    .'    ItbBtbMlhBldl 

oouru  that,  while  >IM  h  a  aocMty  b  a  | 
pursuant  i. .  the  provision*  of  tbb    pormUon,  it  may  have  function!  lo  perform  a*  UM 

.;».,,  ,..ti,.i.,M,.,  -....I,,.  !,.r>        „,;,,,,  „/..,>-,-.    VUIJIM    '.:-,.    j    .-.      ,.... 
daatvoyad  or  otbarwtaa  diapoaad    «jwl  AM  aaaentiallv  a  noiU^  rmuUtU^ 


•*  of  any  mob 


SUSSES.  **   Tba  N**       'iT»s;rarrioBiL  ID* 

,« a,v; :.,; v;;.;;.:,. ,  „  &*•*  ?*  «  ^  !•  '•  -••  -  •  K  •• 

uoutacolUr    loug  by  85  fott  in  -i.ith.     li  baa  accommoda- 


^ 


batrtaf  the  name  and  reakUnc*  of  t 
tbofaoo  may  bo  aaiiad  and  diapoaad 


for  800  doc*  mod  » 
ambulamwa 


niiliaiHi  of  5 
.  with  13  bom*  and  UM  / 

^:/!;; 


authoriaad  to  b»ur  the  li 


a         quart^of  UM  »nr;KT.  ami  make  d.ihr  imffaV 
ie<t.       The  Ratterm  Homo  for  Do**  in  London. » 


«x-iety  »hall  <irfrav  the  co*  of    the  onlr  one  that  can  claim  to  he  compared  with 
»ct  and  maintain,    the  New  York  and  Brooklyn  Shelter*    There  the 
loot.  *ray«d,  or  nomeian  animala.         dojp.  are  kept  for  a  certain  length  of 


M1KLTKKS. 


when  not  claimed. 
Paris,  they  are  MM, ply 
carted  away,  unless  the 

a 


f  •:,    BMtl    ;     .. 

•ted  Si 

In  I8W  this  home 
dofa,    Tbr  *Do*;8hel- 

..:.•:,':• 


The  writer  has  often  seen,  under  the  <>!<. 
iltiiun  of  things,  a  cage  half  as  big  a-  the  \,,.\. 
torn  of  a  wagon  full  of  wretch,  a.  fn-' 
injurril.  and   tarnished   dogs,  big   mi.l    little  to- 
gether, emptied  over  the  top  of  tin-  higi. 
fence,  UK  i<- me  tin-  run  in  tin-  old  n',;i 
pound.   ti|M»n  tin-    li.-inl    lloor  below. 
them  had  legs  br«ken   in  the  rude  full 
they  had  no  chance  to  save  themselves;  ^^H 
stunned   and   remained    for   hour- 


I 


TUB  OOOKWO  APPAKATl> 


rijrht  month*  of  it*  work  5.111  dogs:  the  total 
nurnhrr  of  «nimals  received  was  22.028.  of  which 
OS  were  lost  animal*  restored  to  their  owners. 
Th«  flntf  rear  the  new  dog  law  was  tried  and  li- 


•    -    :        .-      •     \.-, 

.  .  ;  .     .  .    ...    j 

less  BfQlQpbobia  t  ha 


York  were  allowed  to  go  un- 
ipapers  remarked  that  there  was 
than  in  many  yeAre.  This  was 
the  flnt  summer  in  many  years  when  there  was 
not  a  fincle  paroxysm  of  popular  apprehension 
of  hydrophobia. 

From  25  to  35  dogs  and  cats  a  day  are  now 
brought  in  by  the  society's  agents.    They  are 
tart  thrv*  dap  unless  they  are  especially  valu- 
able, in  which  case  the  society  tries  to  "secure 
Mai  boaes  for  them,  or  in  any  cane  keeps 
the*  a  little  longer.    If  an  owner  or  son. 
•be  does  not  wdaem  an  animal  in  • 
til  placed  in  the  death  chamber  and  nsF 


TW  Dog  Shelter 
"•*  he*  the  oool 


at  the  foot  of  East  102d 

and  r«  '  r  ,,,nd 

atoneofj-  .,„  during 

tmw.  whrn  by  far  the  lar^r  num- 
bi*  of  Ih*  captor™)  animalu  aro  l.r..lurht  in.     In 
and  Brookln  about    l.V)  dojrs  and 
day.     Tho  f 


wbo  had 


. 
and  the  *cene  of  con 

At 

sometimes  rows,  between 
and  the  ruffians 
or        officials  in  charge. 


where  th«-y  fell,  moaning  |.it«-ou^ly.  And  then 
tin-  j>oor  creatures  were  driven,  kicked,  and 
crushed  into  the  big  iron  cage,  which  would 
lower  them  into  the  water  and  still  forever  their 
half-human  plaints. 

'\'\i»^'    old-tirne    keepers,  heroes    of    rattinp 
matches  and  dog-pit  escapades, enjoyed  Imt  on«- 
thing  more  than  torturing  the  cur<.  whi' 
railed  "ash  l»arr«-N."  and  that  was  the  capturinj? 
of  some  fine  «|.n -itnen  from  which  they  would 

he  collar  and  chain  and   licei. 
pull  it   from   it-*  shrieking  mistress's  arc 
never  let  it  get  to  the  pound  wh.-n-  it  could  U- 
redeemed.    The  old  dog  pound  cau- 
that  could  1  '1  for  block 

howlings  of  the  inmates  could  !><•  heard  . 
as  far.     From  tin-  wide-open  door  of  the  | 
shelter  to  the  genial  face  of  K. ,  p.  r  I 
thing  beams  with   humanity.     The 
are  often  si-nt   for  to  remove  suffering  m 
These  nmlwlnncos  aro  riainted  red.     I 
oflj,-,.   the  shelter    i-    divided  on    on- 
three  long  nins;   f»n  the  other,  it   has  k- 
for  tlje  mure  valuable  of  the  d< 
the  cat*-,   while    dowri    the  middle    is    ai, 
sparo  that  enab!  to  walk  through  the 

place.     In  one  of  the  King   pen-  an-  tl- 
brought  in  during  the  day,  in  another  the  I- 
and  in  another  the  animals  condemned  to  thn 
daily  execution  because  their  time  is  up.     On*1 
of  the  most  interesting  features  of  the  whole 


EAST  AFRICA. 


Mtabluhrarnt  i*  the  daily 


nil  *"rt»  who  have  kit  pots. 


.tnitary  arrangements  of  the  shelter  are 

floors,  partitions,  doors,  windows,  pens, 

rmijrli  _•  else  being  scrubbed 

i  disinfected.    There  arr  engine*  and 

LuiU-rs  wbert  th,    bod  il  OOoQ  f-r  all 


fooi-footed 

-ml  waste  from 
three  times  a  day.  and  the  onto  get  all  the  meat 
they  can  eat.  and  every  morning  a  ration  of 

milk 

a  i  n-«t  to  at*  an  ambulance  * 
vehicle  is  back*. 


The 


ar,-  iBpMMftj  M.  :   UN    •!•  f'-  ar    L<  *  M    •• 

PHMfS  laid  |. i  hi  iBE  HUH      m*fc  ati    fe 

.itle  wicker  basket  by  baravlf,  sale  from 
annoyance  br  the  dorm. 
The  If rookl rn  Sbeher  !•  to  the 
«  6ity  of  Cbiuebe*.  at 


temporary,  but  the  place  U  meeting  a  want  that 
has  mad*  itatlf  felt  in  Brooklyn  for  a  loaf 


Illuminating  gas  is  used  for  the 
ruction  of  the  animals,  aa  it  has  been  found  to 
»dnotd«ithB^qtticklyaiid^laa»lythan 

k  bjoejrJtd  Mtbj  •"-..'  ••'-•.  knap  paita 
•  a  valuable  security  to  the  owners  of  dogs,  and 
>e  liberal  reward  which  the  aodety  offers  for 


aaajajj 

person  who  may 'Meal  a  <W 
i*  has  provadjo  be  an  of 


Oa*a  ahi  .  wfc  •  kh  % 
by  the  law.  with  the 

owner  stamped  then 

v  are  captured  while  straying  from  their 
hornet,  The  suocesaful  adminbtiation  of  the 
law  would  have  been  much  more  difficult  than 
it  has  proved  to  be  if  the  eaten*  of  New  York 
had  not  given  their  confidence  and  support  to 
The  work  has  been  both^nerona 
and  a  i  IV,  u  It.  sometime*  delicate;  but  the  «arne*t 
endeavor  of  the  society  to  act  in  the  interest  of 
the  animals,  and  also  of  their  owners,  has  been 
so  fairly  and  fullv  appreciated  that  tH* 

of    dll' 

and  the  officers  of  the  society  have 
cheend  and  encouraged  by  the  conecinnensss  of 
nfidence  and  approval 

I.MMIMnN  ni    <    VVUM 


E 


\  \x|    \M;I<   \      Phe  Sultan  of  Zaniibarfor- 
(funnlnfui  t..  Ihr  Itorumajhc 

oaoary  «»f 

-.ntnlllhr 
trail uu-  |*.iiiK  thi>  /ermini  i>f  the  caravan  rontea, 

a^aVrnln> 

•••s*,  whirh  wrr. 

v  the troope  that  he  maintained  f.-rthepur- 

•nd  receiretl  a  pntrnt  of  iiii|^ri»l  protection 
he  German  Qovemmenl  on  March  8,  I860. 
-'*»  a  joint  oftmreifqfop  representing  Ger- 


many, (treat  Britain,  and  Prance,  after 

k*hU 

H  M  rip  of  cuast  10  miles  wide,i 
manv  shoukl  have  a  aphera  of  1 
the  Rovuma  northward  to.  and 
Kilunanjarx.  n 
Uundarv  of  the  Congo  1 
thr   NMM    n.rth    ,-f    the 


tween  the  Umbe  and  thr  Tana  rivers, 
imgniwd  m  Knjrlaiid-s  snnare  of 

with  whirh  lirrmany 
In  May. 


save  the  aultanateof 

•  •  .  ,  ••    ,-,     ' 

1888,  the  German  c.«npej 


fn.m  DM- 

adminirter  and  collect  the 
land  within  the  German  sphere  for  the  period 
. -f  fifty  vmr«.  The  Imperial  British  East  Africa 
r.  chartered  by  the  British 


••••- 


EAST  AFRICA. 


•-,     ;    :•         '      ••••. 

har  iCalto  await*  fall  sowrigntr  owr  the 
or**  fn*n  ib*  rral- 

aarlfc  latltad*.  and  to  establish  a  protaotorata 
««w  ta.  amhanau  of  Zairfbar,  while  England 

. 

g      .  <::,••,:  thi 

UMi   ri»    The 

• 


north  of  the  J,,h«  had  been  ab 

iH-r  of 
.rge  of 

immigration  of  thr  n-iimining  tern; 
ta*  Bnltati.  /uinubar  and  Pcrnl*.  and  the  smaller 

Mamla  ami  Patta. 

..Jtafc  Bast  Afrlra.-Thc  territory  which 
Imperial    British    Rast    A  ..-any 

•took  to  develop  and  administer,  to  which, 
froai  the  initials  of  the  coimtam  name 

Ibaa  was  given,  has  a  coast  line  of  400  mi: 
extends  inland  an  equal  distance,  to  Uk 
tnrta.     The  British  sphere   embraced    besides 
Uganda.  Unjoro,  Ankori.  Mpororo.  K<>ki.  a  part 
of  Kuanda;  aim,  according  to   Brit  Mi  claims 
treement*  made  with  Germany  and  Italy. 
Pasha's  Sanatoria!  >nd  a  part 

rtlofan  and    Darfur.   all    of   which    were 
former)?  subject  to  Egvpt,  as  well  as  a 
pan  of  Somali  land.     The  total  area  is  over 
1.000,000  w|uare  miles.    The  company,  whose 
capital  wast2.000.000.  of  «  HK).000  were 


improved  the  harbor  at 
Imilt  a  n«ul  to  Ki«-w.-/i.  half  way  to 
Victoria.  The  customs  were  collected, 
amounting  lo  214.872  rupees  in  1891,  239.*  rj  in 
189t  and  261..VM  in  1893.  Aft.-r  the  sunerses- 
;  he  Sultan  '«  government  in  /unziluir  by 
uh  wlministrators  the  company  sought  to 
the  annual  payment  of  $80,000  to  the 
The  fear  that  tin-  Km-  of  Uganda 
Dcept  a  German  protectorate  led  the 
ipany  in  1890  to  or<Mi|.v  tlmt  country  with  a 
roilil*  \t  t)  .....  n'd  of  March.  Nli:i.  th.- 

company's  forces  evacuated  that  country,  li.-iiii; 
ameosaded  by  British  troops,  an.  i  »i\  June  19, 
18M.  a  British  protectorate  o\  i.i  was 

proclaimed.    The  administration  of  \Vn 


flttaoui^i^l  in  July.  1893.  and  the  authority  of 
the  Mohammedan  Sultan  was  restored  under  a 
British  protection   and    supervision.    T 
madeby  the 


oompany  with  Somali  chi<  N 
la  the  north,  and  commercial  intercourse  with 
Oallaland  establish*).  A  railroad  route,  657 
miles  loag.  from  Mombasa  to  Lake  Victoria,  was 

rbald  Uganda, 

TW  hjport*  of  British  East  Africa  in  1898 
«•  r-  IJOtJOB  ruees  in  value  aainst  208809 


IJOtJOB  rupees  in  value, 
im  tiu  ware 


,  , 

to   im}*i?  tieru  ware    W7^99  rupees, 
•faJaat  U»047t7Ybe  shipping  entered  at  Mom- 
l~  10  1W  had  an  aggregate  tonnage  of  ion.- 
clmml,  lOoSfe  tons. 


,  . 

Th»  BritMi  Ka«C  Africa  Company,  w 
i  br*KU  at  2  per  cent  for  «4W,00 


hich  had 


tt 


,000  an 


>•••«    •«••  iviiuvrvu    itH    «  iian«T 

tran«fm«d  it*  i.  - 

1  on  Jalv  |.  \wk    the  Government  paid 
for  the  sai-reader  of  the  charter  and 
behind  the  10-mile  strip,  and  Par- 


liaraent  voted  £30,00()  for  tin-  adinini<1  ration  of 
the  country,  which  includes  the   10  mil 

leaSfd     fr.-iii    I  In-    Sultan    of    /an/.iliar    and    the 

mainland  between  it  and  rpmda.    ThcSuiian 

Was  liuidc    to    pay    t"J(M).(XKI  to  the  coiiij... 

redeem  the  concessions  granted  t<>  the  ,-,,< 

I'm   the  i ntrrest  at  3  per  i-  sum, aj 

;-  the  annual  rent  of  I'l  l.CMMI  for  lh< 
of  coast  territorv,  the  l',nti-li  (iovernment  . 
to  pa\.  0  mile  strip  and  the  comr 

tween  it  an  .•..n-«.li.lat'-d  in 

single  admn.M  ratn.ii.   leavin-   the   /;m/i 
lands  and  the  1'pin.: 

I  he  sejmratc  | 

d  wa«  plac'cd   in  charp-  of  olVtcial.s  s 
to  the  authority  of  the  consul  p-neral  at 
bar,  who  al^o  controls  the 
bar  and  of  Uganda.    The  coast  ^trip  li.-i. 
t-i  /an/il-ar  i«*  still  under  the  Sultan 
ty.  and  Mohammedan  la\v>  and   P-li 
establishexl.    The  cost  of  administration  f.-r  the 
protectorate,   including  the  sultanate  of  \Vitn, 
wasestiniai. -.1  .  :  rear,    The  >• 

from  customs  amounted  to  about   ' 

The   Mritish  (iovcrnmeni   decided   t<>  luiild  a 
railroad   from   the  coast  to  Uganda.     Tl 
po^.-d  route  is  (M?  miles  in  length.     Tin- 
e>timatcd  at  €2.7(M)  a  mile.  I1 1  .Wtt.OOO  in  all.  in- 
eluding  four  y.-ar-'  in!.-re>t  durinu'  e.-n-ti 
The  revenue  is  estimated,  on  tl. 
ton   between    M«>ml>asa    and    Lake    \ 
£60,000,  besides  l':{:t.500  saved  mi  G 
transport,  which  would  make  the  income  at  tin- 
start  nearly  equal  to  the  expenditure-.  < •..untinj; 
the  working  exp-  !,-•  -  '.  l'>.MMii;md  '•'•  i 
terest  on  the  debt  £66,000.    Th 
mons  on  Aug.  31  granted  a  jin-liminary 
£20,000  to  start  the  line,  which  is  to  be  i.uilt  and 
manap-d  directly  by  the  (Jovernnient. 

In  the  early  part  of  ls!».-|  the   Ma-ai   lici-ame 
troublcM.m,-  n'ear  the  coast.     They  murd.  i 
Kolb  and    Dr.  Kutchner.  memliers  of  tli> 
triiin    Fredand    expedition,   which    intended   t«» 
found    a   .-(.mmunistic    settlement    near   Mount 
Kilimanjaro.     This  expedition  broke  up  h.-f'-n- 
reaching  its  destination,  the  leader  aceii- 
Mn^'li-h  officials  of  delil»erately  thwarting  theb 
obj.-<-t    bv  detaining  their  arms  and   neglecting 
to  provide  the  promised  steamer  and   by  h 
ting  the  natives  to  withhold  sujiplie-.      i 
malis  also  made  raids  on   the    I'ana    riv- 
May  an  Arab  chief.  Mbaruk  bin    llashid.  \\\\« 
had  a  -tron^'hold  near  Mombasa  and  a  well 
following  of  1.200    runaway   slaves,   be^ 
defy  the    British  authorities,  attacking  ". 
arv" stations  and  capturing  Kuro|K-ai; 
he'l.l   for  ransom.     Sir  Lloyd    M.    .Mat  hews  and 
the  British  consul    general    proceeded    t 
spot   with  v  M   from  Xan/ibar.  1<" 

danese  from   Witu.  and  a  naval   f. 
ing  of  4  gunboats.     On   .lun«-    Hi    the 
troops  and  350  blue  jackets  Ian-led,  an.. 
taking  possession  of    the  town   of    'I  at 
burned  5  villages  ami  destroyed  crop-,  n 
only  sli^lit  opposition,    ('apt.  Itaik- 
with  a  L'arri-on    of  UK)  Xanxibari-.     The   Arab^ 
attacked  on  July  7,  killing  and  wound! ni:  •'•  "111- 
cersandTmen.in  coraeqnenoe  of  which 
ond    punitive  expedition   went   out    und' 
miral  Ilawson  and  Gen.  Mat  hews.     The 
took  Mwele,  the  native  stronghold,  by 


' 


i  lorn  of  9  killed  and  8  wounded.    Home  of 
^^Kthe  boldest  tod  ma*  powerful  among  * 


•In-  Kun.jfitn*  in  the 
rtbasa. 

fhrir      -••     '   .  I  *ade«. 

TiMtroyett  ip*  had  no  -hili- 


nl  war  roeketa,  > 

hi    A     few 

I  now  Taltaungu  ami  • 

Dot  CaU'h  him. 
nun. 

fctofenfti  '"  tin   r.  gl  B 
to  Uganda  proper, 

British  protet  • 
.  Berkeley  wasappoi- 
slated  by  A  stair  of 

Mill 
force  will  continue  to  be 


f  IWtt  Major  Cunningham 
and  Lieut.  \andeleur  went  t<>  t'nyoro  t« 

>ns  against  Kabarega  and  extend 

-Vile.    TbeyTMfidihe  .*> 

Ihr  «hortmt  road  to  I«ake  All"  itched 

,«  a.|,|iiat '•  r-  of  the  force  of  Souda- 
nese that    was  holding  the  country,  and  tbtOCe 
they  proceeded  to  the  Nile,  ami   made  a  re- 
nt rarrvinj; 
They  pa  need  Wadelai.  WMN 

trh.il    hull!.-,  w  l.-nni.-l  tlmt  the 

^  had  established  u  j— t  at  ic.-jaf. 

••«•!*  of  the 

the  annual  rxix-: 

V  body  of  troops  wt   ...»t    fr. .in   th.- 
.'•of  hin  prinri|ial  chi.-N.  while 
itoffharo  led  a  cohuun  from  I 

ti  tli.- 

ingham  aererelr  wounded. 

the  eml  of  March  they  drove  him  acroas 

Baked!  oouotry,  bal  aftorward 

he  raided  a  freah  army,  and  in  the  MIHUM.T  tht> 

:th  (he  rvnult  that  his 

fcrcea  were  again  bea  .  ll.-.i 

Kattarvirn    live«l    on    friemlly 

•••n.  *>f  the  equa- 

;  poTinw*,  but  haa  been  at  war  with  th.- 
Hoa  Company  atnce  ('apt.  I.u- 
irdmn. 
^  off  a  portion  «ii'l  - 

oirri*.n.-i  •  !i    raw-ally 

Sondanaie  aold»  iide«l  and  t.-rroriied 

Kabaran^i    people.      Although    Uganda    was 

'  U-  tli.-  limit  <>f  Uritish  opera- 

••M^  the  chain   of   f..rt-   «:»s    in-  •%•.-<!  un':;    •   .: 


alf  of  Tnyoro 

n  han.lr  : 


who  hare  ManinMlmry 
nd  a  large  supply  of  Maxim  guna. 

I--    ll.\-.,;:*f    r  .        :       :     I.., 

agrearomt  made  with  Kngla 


anda       ..        ._  . 

Agreement  made  •- 
And  France  was  rescinded  in  regard  reap*. 

Bnu  legraph  a 

lUl.r  ,H,a*el  region  to  th,   Congo  Slate.    The 
was  allowed  to  retain  only  tl. 

«anl  from  the  northeastern  corner 

A,  lieyond  I*do.    The  Congo  Stale 

and  n. 

And  messed  on  the  nearest  part  of  th,  Congo 
1.500  more  regular,  and  a  large  autiliarv  re- 

any  force 
.  Omdurman   could   send 

.t.'l  •!.-•     '!.,    ' 

Zanilnar.-Th..  area  of  the  iawnde of  Zanzi- 
bar  and  I'emba  and  the  .mall,  r  islands  eoti 
intf  the  ilon  he  Sultan  of  /*u/il. . 

he  had  been  deprived  by  England  an.l  Uermanv 
posatmiom  on  the  mainl  > 

•Sjajl    -,.:,...  „,,!•!,    ,      ;     .   ..'       :     | '   .         -, 

|4IO> 

000  Arabs  (the  ruling  race).  7.000  Bast 
50  English.  60  German*,  and  a  ' 


>f   them     - 
heathen  and  some  C 

in  Catholic  rhun  h 

•    .        ,;-,,:.:.•':        -      :  - 

the  civil  ailiiiini-t  ration  since  • 
of  a  Briti-h  protectorate.  leathofthe 

r  Sultan  he  wa- 

•••  the  choice  of  the  Arabs  an«l  received  a 
.Mi-t  pension  in  lieu  of  all  other 

M.lrnt    of 

un.l.  r  th.-  .supervision  of  A.  U.  Harding*,  the 

British  ap-nt  And    consul-general,  who  b   also 

Imperial  Commissioner  for  British  Kast  Africa. 

hasorgantJted  a  military  and  pottoe 

Sultan  receives  100.000  rapses  a  fear  omt 
ue.  ami  the  rememder  is  applied  u> 
administrative  and  police  purpoi 

Th.-  r.  .  .  ;,  '   VI  II 
ni|H«.-*.  of 

powder,  petroleum,  etc,  88.000  rupees  the  hv 

tereaton  th.  m.lrmmty  ,-ul  by  Gsrmen? 
•  --•  •  .     •     •   •  •   from  the  Britfc 
Com |*n v.  and  78JMM) 

The  t»tal  eX|(en<iiture 

[a  wrre  valued  at  1*1.146.- 
\  came  from  the  German 
rabia,  £53^50  from  Bnt 
,198  from  Great  Britain, 
wr  countries.    The 
. 


ti, 

coarf.  ' 

i^h   Kart   AM 

•  ,-T     ., 


owciala  in  Uganda,  with  a  military  force  of 


K 

-•8  the  number  of  merchan 
visited  the  port  was  129,  of  which 


ttchooc, 

jadx  that 
of  58,488 


MO 


BAST  AFRICA. 


U» 

•d 


Britiee ;  t7.  of  8M»  t«n.  were  Oer- 
U.480  tow,  were  French, 
market  for  slave,  is  the  Za»/i 
r»  toe  work  on  the  clove  i>lan- 
other  work  is  done  by  slaves. 
•MOW*  v«»  in  Zaniiber  brought 
iMtati  and  forrrd  him  to  enter 
suppression  of 


traAer&t  during  five  yean.  of  British 
steps  have  beta  taken  to 
of  slaves  into  the  i-lun-K 
of  which  come  from  ii..- 
ltriti»h 


•law  dtww*.  hut  many  eeoape  the  vigilance  of 
thr  tat,  and  thr  Arab  roasters  who  purchase 
the  sieves  in  Pemba  or  Zanzibar  are  protected 
tetlMirposMMba.  Hence  a  demand  has  arisen 
for  the  moral  of  the  scandal  by  the  al> 
of  slaverr  in  British  protectorates.  TV 
age  life  of  the  slaves  on  the  plantations  is  said 
lo  be  only  tea  years,  and  for  every  one  that  is 
brought  to  market  ten  art-  kill.-d  in  the  slave 
raids  or  perish  from  the  hardships  of  the  jour- 
ney. The  Government  established  a  vice-con- 
sulate on  the  island  of  Pemba  and  called  f 
ports  from  the  officials  in  Zanzibar  as  to  the 
best  method  of  abolishing  slavery.  The  number 
of  slaves  on  the  islands  had  increased  threefold 
in  ten  years,  the  greater  number  being  raided  in 
protectorate  in  the  lake  district  and 
sold  to- British  subjects  in  Zanzibar.  The  Brit- 
ish Government  itself  employs  t  he  labor  of  slaves 
to  coal  the  cruiser*  employed  in  the  suppression  of 
the  slave  trade,  and  draws  the  revenue  from  which 
its  official*  are  paid  from  the  slave  labor  on  t  he 
clove  plantations,  and  on  the  mainland  great 
numbers  of  slaves  are  hired  to  keep  up  com- 
munications with  Uganda  and  to  perform  the 
transport  service  on  every  expedition.  The 
caravan  porters  are  hired  in  Zanzibar  at  prices 
that  are  about  equal  to  their  market  value.  <  >ne 
third,  and  sometimes  as  many  as  two  thirds  of 
those  who  go  up  the  country,  die  by  the  way. 
The  annual  importation  of  slaves  into  Zan/iUr 
and  Pemba  is  estimated  at  6,000.  The  consul 
crnrral  at  Zanzibar  estimated  that  the  imme- 
diate abolition  of  slavery  in  the  islands 
entail  a  loss  of  £85.000  a  year  in 


while  the 


revenue, 
of  £800,000  Would  be  require,!  t., 


Africa. — The  area  of  German 
BMC  Africa  is  estimated  at  868,000 square 
and  the  population  at  2.900,000  souls.  The  num- 
peens  in  1804  was  750.    The  German 
Rest  African  Company,  since  the  rebellion  of 
fee  eoast  Arab,  in  1866,  when  moat  of  the  sta- 
in  the  interior  were  ruined, 
to  commercial  operations, 
and  defense  to  the  Imperial 
which  is  represented  by  a  Gov- 


_  artillery,  and 
native  police, 

•  mated  subsidies  for  railroads 
The  budget  for  1895  makes  the 
-JOO   marks,  of  which    1.750,000 
from  ctatoms,  400/100  marks  from 


the  local  administration,  and  3,870,000  marks 
are  coiitrinuird  fr.-m  the  (i«  rinaii  : 

The  value  of  the  imports  in  1893  was  7,t  14,822 
marks:  exports,  5,580.?l<>  mark?..  The  export- 
able products  are cocoanuts. . «  ; 

caoutchouc,  and  Ivi  ry.      \  railroad  i>  Lnn- l-mlt 
from   Tanra  into   ih«-  int.-ri-.r.  on   \\hieh 
were  running  as  far  as  Pongwe  in  the  beginning 
'•"».    The  estimated  cost  of  thu  line  to  the 
ria  Nyanza  and  Lake  Taganyika  is  ;:• 
000  marks,  to  be  raised  by  land  grantsuii'l  an 
inij^-riul  guarantee  of  8  per  cent  im<  t 
cured  on  the  customs  receipts  of  Ka-t  A: 

Nvaasaland.— On  the  Shire  river  and  ai  the 
south  end  of  Lake  Nyawaure  nii->ioiiary  Bl 
and  |MKsts  of  the  African  Lakes  Com  pan  > 
the  strength  of  their  occtipat ion  of  this«: 
the  Kn^'li-li  (iovrrnment  compelled  I'orti. 
reiioui  aims  to  the  redon  now  known 

a-  British   (Vntrul   Africa,  embracing  500,000 
square  miles,  with  a  population  of  3,000,000  sou  is. 
inpcan  population  was  about  800.     Thu 
whole  region   \\a-  proclaimed   a   P.riti>h  | 
torafceOO  May  1  1.  l^'.tl.  and  th«-  I'.arot  >«•  count  ry 
and   other  districts  were  handed  over  to  the 
I'.ritish  South  Africa  Company,  with  the  . 
tion  of  Nyassaland, where  an  administration  was 
organizeof,  the  cost  of  which  i  \   itie 

Imperial    (iovernine.nl    and    the    British 
Africa  Company.      The  company   conn 
£27,000  in  1898.    The  town  of  B  Ian  tyre  has  a 
population  of  6,000  natives  and  100  Europeans* 
The  Imperial  Commissioner  and  consul  - 
is  H.  1 1.  Johnston.     One  quarter  of  the  i\ory 
product  is  exported  from  this  diMrict.     <nh«r 
articles  exported  by  way  of  tho  Zninli. 
India  rubber,  oil  seeds,  rhinoceros  horns,  hippo- 
pot  am  us  teeth,  and  rice.    Some  of  th< 
chiefs  and  traders  are  recognized  by  the  I'.riti-h 

;  i  merit,  which  wages  incessant  war  a. 
the  rest.    The  country  has  been  depopul . 
many  places  by  slave  raids.    The  arm*  <i 
consists  of  200  Sikhs  from  the  Indian  an 
some  hundreds  of  native  police.     In  1-Yi 
1895,  the  Yao  chief  Kawinpa,  the  most  jx 
slave-raiding  chief  remaining,  attacked  a  friend- 
ly chief  named    Malemya   and    a  small    I 
garrison  that  guarded  his  town.     Tl 
tared  some  of  Manvema's  people  and   burned 
their  villages,  but  failed  in  an  attack  upon  the 
British  fort.     The  acting  commissi« 
Sharpe,  set  out  from  Xoinba  with  410  mei. 
tack   the  hostile  chief   in   his  stronghold   on  a 
mountain  plateau.     They   raptured  the 
Iturned  the  town  and  surrounding  vi 
carried  off  large  quantities  of  i 
copper  vessels.    Tne  Yaos,  who  dwi-ll  in  1' nu 
guese  East  Africa,  in  the  hills  between  Lak« 
MI  and  the  Indian  Ocean,  have  always  been  the 
itrincmal    purveyors  of  the  slave  trade.     The 
British  settlements  on  the  lake  were  thn 
later  by  the  chief  Zarifa,  against  whom  <  ,,pt. 
Manning    moved    with   a  large    force.    MftjH 
Forbes  arrived   at  /..mi.a   in   .im..-  t«  arranpj 
about    int  r.xlucine:    the    admini^t  rai  ion    of    the 
British  .Souih  Africa  C<.mpany  in  the  tcrritOfwl 
north  of  the  /.arni»e/i  and  extending  the  trapM 
continental  telegraph  line  .i,/anyildk| 

I'  .tiignene  East  Africa.-!  i'  rtugfl 
possessions,  which  once  extended  across  the  con- ' 
tinent  to  the  colony  of  Angola,  were  restricted 


i:«  i  IDOB 


241 


by  the  Anglo- Portuguese  agreement  of  June, 

>,hav- 

.,it..l  at  1.500.000.  was  organised  in 

i-o 

by   the  /  The 

..•  was  estimated  fur  I  MI:*  .t  I  .;«:».*- 

.f  1.114.10.  pnn- 

••  MffOS  liay  Kailroail  i- 
^^•Bsslonx.    There  are  980  miles  of  telegraph. 

brvcu  ID   mM  anil   1800,  carried  out  several 

vassss,or  sfaganjas,  lnir,»- 

•bore  of  Lake  Nyawa,  at  I   th.- 

.ui, i  Boss. 


DOR,  a   republic    in 

th-   Srnal<*  *rv  rlt  • 
•e  10  provinces,  for  four  y-arm,  one  half 

>yeani  by'all  atlull  mal-  «  it  i/.-n*  who  nrr 

to  80,000  inhabitant*.    The   I  resident 
by  th 

•I. nt.  I'm  in  a 
ear.     Dr.  1 
>.n  .1  line  80,  1802.     In  th.  • 

rig  of  189T).  th-  minister* 

Marine,  Gen.  .1 

A.  Mann  ;  Attorney-General,  D.  .1.  P.. 


>• 


i 


i and  Popnl     i»n. 

*)  square  mile*,  in*  1 

MIX'"-    I-lamK  l-ut  .-\.  In-line  t.  rut-n.  - 

population  i* oomput-.l  to  u-  I.-.TI  .*««'»  i. 

aUuii    100,000  arc  of  imrv.  and  800,000 

Kuropean  descent,     indnding  «avage 

there  are  over  1,400.000   inlml 

•  capital,  has  a  po|>ulHtion  of  80,000, 

raqui!  xK). 

PS*.— The  r-  r  1808  was  4325,- 

S.llHP*,    of 

ived  from  imj-.n  iluti—.  131.242 
tax.  887^48  from  the  tax  on 
''•71>   from   that  on  rum.  2Q£80  from 
i 

198.769  from  *tam|«.  114,- 
Ifrom  excise,  17.M  11  from  state  nn>|-  r 
f  from  regintrati  (.780  from  other 

m-v-.    Th-.-\|-  n-iitur.  -  w-  ••    l  :     :.l'." 
•*.486  sucre*  wen-  for  th<-< 

;n«-ial  administraUoa, 

^t««  an«l  t«-l-- 
for  prisons, 

M05  for 

rn   affair*,   l»78.ir»:i    for   th«-   ann\    ami  navy. 

-...n  .-f 

Moms,  ami  57^.732  for  various  purposes. 
v.— 10  A 


•I .',   I 
or%in.l 


f<  . 


•bare,  which  wa.  fl^l 

nHMMMd   VMMdi 

thVloi,,!-  in  1H08.  w 


>4  to  pay  her 

tl  »»V4" 
of    ii.trrsst   cessrd       An  ar- 

rherebythecapilal.it, 

MSJMd   U.'-r.M.    »,-    HSJ,    .      :     ..;.   -       (HI 

.«...„  rhwhtfc  •  ssi  rta  8      • 

re.  a,  and  4  of  f  per 

l  ye.r%.  .1  the  end  of 

•-lit.,  and   thr   b  4|  ,^r  .. 

the  next  five  years,  and  5  per  cmi.  thereafter. 
n»  |«r  cent. on  imports  wss  imfw^d 


f<>r  th-  purpose  of  carrying  out  thb  aKreeeaeot, 
three  coupons   had  been  paid  the 
Congress  in  1804  suspended  payment  again,  the 
••toned  dotisi  befef  f-  ind    •  - ."      :•    ..    : 
Muinjc  to  collect  these  and  ivssrrfaui 


th.m  for  the  debt,  I* 

treat   anew   with   the  creditor*, 

>d  debt  of  ab 

The  Army  and  Naff.— The  stmifth  of  the 
M«n<ling  army   i*  fixed  br  law.    There  are  t21 
-  and  8,120  men.  including  114  nMfinesos) 
U*rd  a  emitter,  a  gunbuat,  and  an  armed  trans- 
port, moon  ting  9  guns.    Including  t 

which  b  organised  in  88  batlaliom  of  in- 
fantn.  11  regiments  of  cavalry,  and  3  battalions 
of  art 
all  ranks. 

merre   and    Prod nrtUn.- The  chief 
pr.-lu.-t   i- cacao, coffee, 

copper,   lead,   iron,  coal, 

found.    The  fore*  product*  are 

:mri|tal  imports  are  cotton  and  o«V> 

M.I  ir..n  p-h.    The  total  valoe  of  the  inv 

..f  th-  :4.00t5I4  Mme, 

Th.  |>rin.  i|*l  ones  were :  Cacao,  7.7*4.000  sucrea; 

sucrw ;  India  rubber,  285.000  snores :  straw  hats, 
160,000  sucres ;  hide*,  125,000  sorrea. 

omrn-rvial  interconras  with  leading  conn- 
trie*  t*  shown   in   tl 

,•  the  values  of  the  imports  and  exports: 


,,.;,•        . 

•.sugar,  and  rice  coming 
extensively,  and  silver. 
>a),  and  petroleum  are 


N.ilratloa.— The 

that    rnll.il    .t    the 
180  w»«  1.707.  of 

.».  r.    :•'.: 

r.  «'    "f   .-th.-r 

,- 
numerous  river*. 

4ommanlratlon*.-A   cmnf«ny  ha*  built  a 

railroad  from  Duran  to  Chimbo.  a  dii4anc«  of 

Kl  miles.    Because  it  failed  to  nt.  ml  it  within 

Government  annulled  the  con- 


..   :-       •  .-     •       :       ' 

(butane****  \    •• 

ssiitnisin  steambnau  navigate 


navigate  the 


•„• ; : 


•OOADOR 


the  road,  and  has 
„—»—  «nh  a  French  syndicate 
to  oonlinoe  the  hue  to  Rio  bam  be, 
jM*  rlcffreph  lint*. 

-A!  f..r«artl«l  \JmjOt64  letters 
•owllft  pitc«»    <>f  pm.t. ,1    limit. 

•1  •rrvice.  and  in  the  inter- 
otrriedUHW  leier*,  postal  cards. 


Rr i.l •!!•«.- Wbm  UM 

'    '  '••  bj  icquiriM 

UM  fb4  ami  wrlUroml  protected  cruiser  "  Ks- 
.uthoriUeS 


of  the  vessel  for  a  good  price,  but  not 
to  JApan  while  that  country  was  at  war 
nih  a  fnmdly  |«.wrr.  Socrrt  arrangements 
wtv  made  thcrrforr  by  which  Ecuador  acted  or 
o  appear  as  intermediary  in  the 
ostensibly  buying  the  vessel  and 
wiling  to  Japan.  The  people  of  I 
.rht  thift  nhamrful  and  suspected  that 
had  thus  compromised  the  honor  of  t  he 
mobile  only  to  enrich  th< 

lie  -Hsmrralda"  was  sold  to  Japan  in  No- 
vember. 18M,  for  more  than  $1.000,000.  She 
smiled  under  the  Ecuadorian  flag  to  the  Gala- 
pagos Islands.  There  her  name  was  changed  to 
the  -  Vain."  and  she  proceeded  to  Yokohama, 
where  she  arrived  on  Feb.  6,  1885.  President 
Montt, of  Chili. declared  that  he  had  sold  the 
veasel  to  the  Ecuadorian  Government.  Presi- 
dent Cordero  and  In*  minister^  denied  that  they 
had  purchased  a  vessel  from  Chili. 

The  ministry  ordered  an  investigation  to  ap- 
pease popular  indignation,  and  removed  Gov. 
<  aamano,of  Guayaquil,  Consul-General  Modesto 
Solonaoo  in  New  York,  and  the  <-o,,sul  at  Val- 
paraiso, Gen.  Aloy  Alfaro.  chief  of  the  Radi- 
cal pany,  issued  in  the  beginning  of  April  from 
his  place  of  exile  in  Nicaragua  a  proclamation 
sayinf  that  the  only  way  to  set  Ecuador  right 
before  other  nations  was  to  depose  President 
Cordero  Mid  all  who  were  responsible.  The  stu- 
dents and  the  citizens  in  Guayaquil  and  other 
towns  issued  protests  against  the  Administration. 
The  followers  of  Alfaro  took  up  arms  in  the 
province  of  Carchi,  and  Gen.  Sarasti  went  to 
The  revolt  spread,  and  the 
possession  of  the  town  of  Ibarra,  on 
',  patting  to  flight  the 
On  April  24  President 


Cordero  resigned,  and  Vicente  Salazar.  th. 
President  took  his  place.    The  Cabinet  was  re- 
nnaniwd.  Lute  Salvador  becoming  Minister  of 

V    .     -T    :   !'.:  ,-..-, ..an.l 

•TO!  Justice,  uh.K-  (,..,.. 
SarasU  remained  Minister  of  War. 
Woy  Alfaro  was  the  leader  of  the  attempted 
of  1884  end  1885.    The  Government 
in  the  hands  of  Moderate 


I^Onrals  or  Independent,  who  have  temporized 
ftt*  the  Conservatives  and  failed  to  satisfy  the 
*••••.*  •*•*•  Radicals  that  the  Church 'shall 
of  public  power*  and  deprived  of 
Alfaro  and    his   supporters 
«1  aft*r  their  former  upris- 
flnally  wttlod  down  under 
off  compromise.    Cordero  was  a  member 
^Jajrfcal  party  who  made  a  bargain,  it  was 
-aid.  with  astction  of  the  Uberabin  order  to 
The  ideas  of  the  Radicals 


have  of   In1  ;itcr  currency.     Since 

Cordero's  irregular  election   they   ha\i>  watched 

for  a    favi.ralde    opjwirt  unity    to    ^ra>p    at    the 

..f    IM.WIT.    and    when*  the    "  K-meralda" 

il    arose    t  lit    the   Administration 

sere  already  prepared  for  a  revolutionary 


revolution  soon  became  formidable. 
Government  vainly  attempted   t..  check    it    i-\ 
Mippn»in^  the  De  WSpapers  and   liani.-hin. 
editors.     The  relwls  took  the  maritime  town  OJ 

.  blowing  np  the  barrark-  \\ith  d\na- 
mite.     They  had  1,000  men  under  arms  in  thai 
iily    in    .Ma\.    and     the    (  i<.\  eminent     at- 
tempted to  recapt  tire  it    from  the   land   and  the 
sea  without  success.    <»  M.   !;•.«.  n   led  another 
npriHtii:  i"  Uabahoyo.  which  \va-  captun 
a  -till  li^'ht    in    wh'ich   the  (iovrrnn 
killed,  s?  wounded,  and  :{;.»  prisoners.     S- 

'tits  of  Government  troops  v 
the  insurgents.     In  Canar  women  d- 
lilic.tl  pri-oners   from  jail.     Col.  Xenon  /.. 
and    Col.    Antonio   Garcia   captured    I'ortovu-jo 
with   its    well-supplied    arsenal.      At     Ma<  liala 
2,000  stands  of  arms  \\rn-e-aptured.     Th 
boat  "  Sucre  "  was  blown  up  and   1}  m.  ; 
killed.      A  plot  to  seize  the  JUMIII  j.axi  " 

was    frustrated.      The   United    St.v 
'*  Ilanger"  was  sent  to  Esmeralda  to  wai 
the  property  of  Americans,  who  are  largely  in- 
terested in  the  silver  mines  of  K>  ua<l<>r. 
the  revolt  of  the  province  of  <  >ra  and  the  fall  <»f 
Machala,  Gen.  Rejinaldo   Flores,  commanding 
the  troops  that  were  ma.--ed  at  (iuayaqnil  to  re- 
capture Esmeralda  and  suppress  the  rel.el!i,.n, 
resorted  to  measures  so  tyrannical  and 
ll'"_rurini:    political    prisoners   and    jtuttn 
\\lpile    population   at    work    upon   the   f< 
lions  —  that  Gen.  Sarasti  wished  to  supersede  him, 
and  sent  his  son  to  take  over  the  command,  hut 
Flores  would  not  give  it  up.    Mini-t.  : 
Nunez  resigned.     The  severity  and  tyranny  of 
Flores,  the  man  who  was  responsible  for  the 
sacking  of   the  hacienda  of  Julio    !•'!•  -i 
American,  during  the  former  revolution. 
ated  most  of  the  friends  of  the  Government  ex- 
cept the  Conservatives  of  the  central  pn 
who  were  determined   to  resist  to  the  last  a 
Radical  ret/inn.     On    Ma, 
difficulty  in  suppressing  a  mut  inv  in   tin 
son  of  Guayaquil,    of  the  offloen 
many  were  shot  and  others  thrown  into  prison. 
A  few  days  later  that  city  was  in  the  h. 
the  revolutionists,  and  Gen.  Flores  was  a 
tive.     It   was  captured,  after  u  >ie-;e   ol 
days,  on  June  6,  by  the  army  of  (Jen.   1 
wh'ich  had  not  to  fight  hard,  fl.r  police  at. 
within   assjvt.-d    the   assailants.     <  u 
persons  were  killed  or  wounded   in  the  . 
ment.     The   revolution   was    vi<t<.n 
11    of  the  provinces.     1',,-id'-    K-nn-ral-:.. 
Guayaquil,   the  rebels  held  also   t! 
Bah  ia  and  Manta.     The  (iovernmei 
Mill  only  the  interior  province-    i,f  I'ichincha, 
('attar.  Azuay,  and  Loja.     An  insurrecti' 
curred  in  Quito,  and  was  suppressed  after  des- 
perate fighting  in  the  streets.     (Jen.  Kloy  Alfaro 
was  proclaimed   Provisional    President  on  .Iun< 
6.    The  Government  forces  were  colic  « 
Quito  for  a  last  stand.     The  Government  asH] 
for  military  aid  from  Colombia,  but  against  this 


Ill 


**lf  closely  invested 

fi«.  iiiailc  a  protest. 
<ir<>   urn.  ivatiuil.    and   OB 

•  '• 

iarria; 
'   War  an.  1  Mnr 

: 
i  aixl  •  .Ihi-ri  if  |»-«i.  •    •     ii.it,:-:.  i..  r-  i     tt»ui'.. 

capiliiUf 

(i,.%rrn!ifni  forcei  «ii,.i  ths  IransfeJ  ai  \ht 
Uoal  power  and  offices  wit  h<  >ui  fui 

\    t  he  same  time  an  army  of  3.W*  • 

man  h   ti|ion  the  capital,  while 

4.000  «.n-  ..juipi-.i  .i>  n  rojorvt,     MMomwj 

>.  some  of  them  America 
^•a  and  other  places  complained  of 
^^Wed  and  compelled  to  flee  from  the 

r.ists,   who    assert  .-.I    that 

hea.!  of  the  missionaries. 

••»  oppose  them.    The 

•  nmeiit  banished  many  pereone 

•  h«    wrrv    eoiinte.l    HIM, .111;    i !  -    |  at  r  >all *.  ,,,,    •  (,,- 

^^Bl  that  they  were  engaged  in  a  con»i 

^^^Hjt*    TheGox  .•  (x»mto  refused 

•  *entati  vt*  of  Alfaro.  who 
upon  hU  r. 

ossotr  »  prepared  to  oppose 

'..I  joined  the  reU>U, 
hen  the v  reached  ('hiinU*.  r.-.-.-i\..|  valu- 
able recruits  from  among  the  Iinlinn*  of  the 
rgaza,  woo  conducted  a  second 
war  of  Babahoyo,  encounter 

rasti's  army  at   San 
•i i inlm.     After  Vergaxa's  force  joined 

n    of   I  .."Mm 

wmceil  along  the  main  road  to  c^ui to.    (iuaranda 
e«pied  on  Aug.  6  af  tn  which 

•uent  lost  l 

trasti  con-  -li;*  army.  iiiiniU*ring 

i.OOO   men,  at    Riobamba.   which    place, 

byartill.r 
itist  take  I  -  could  cont  int.. 

^^^Bn  after  a  ileMx-rntr  battle  in  wln«  : 

bothsidei 


mu' 


jmns  were  mobiltjted 
them  were  advancing   fn»m   the 

• 
mr.  wan  tak  'uristaa 

:.  Snlaxar  at 
tlty  in  mftintaining 
epopnlal ion  of  the  capital.    Mnnr 


nn<l    military  c) 
of  the  i 

evacuated   th. 
haoftcials  retired.    A Ifaro*  troop*  were 


still  active  ami  deflant,sjad 
opposition  at*tr<l  intnguin^ 
•prang  up  among  the  supporters  of  the  revolav 
Uon.    In  Ibarm 

.orernment    ).«.!    fled.  Gen.   Kivadrneira 
made  an  attempt  to  organiasacoii! 

bahura.    In  Guayaquil  a  plot  against  Alfaro  was 
•I,  for  participation  in  «tu<  h  < 

An  attempt  to  assassinate  the  new  freeideBi  fa 
his  palace  was  frustrated  on  Sept. 
Alfaro  was  formally  inaugurated   as 

on  Nor.  4  he  announced  his  Cabinet  •.. 
menu  as  f , 

..mayo;  M  iTair*.  Ignav 

cio  Kobles;  Minister  of  Finance,  laxardo  GaMsBt 
Minister  of  War.  Gen.  Morales;  Minister  ol 

IV         U       K.    P.         M  M  •      •    j     • 

Instruction.  Victor  Gorgoteoa. 
EGYPT,  a  principality  to  northern  Africa. 

tributary  to  Turkey. 

..f  the  Mohammeil 

rone  is  hereditary  and  f «u»r»  l.y  nght  of 
tire.    The  reining  sovereign,  called 
the  K  mi,  born  July  14 

neon  the  deal 

ther.  Mehem,-i  Tewflk.  Jan.  7. !««.  <>n  Feb.  19. 
180ft.  he  married  Ikbal  llanem.  a  »lare  girl,  who 
bore  him  a  daughter.  Since  the  totenrmlino  of 
Great  Britain  for  the  suppression  of  the  military 

a   Itritioh  army,  and  »tnce  January.  1W,  the 

who  has  a  seat  in  the  « 

power  to  veto  anr  financial  mca 

beginning  of  the  English  control  i 

»jui  promulgated.  May  1.  188*V 
two  popular  elective  bodies  to  take  the  place  at 

the  dOfmCt  <  ImrnU  r  of  N.-laMr*.      Of  these  the 

parts  of  nominees  of  tale  Go»i 

officials,  ai 
inces  bv  iM»pular 
ers,  examines  all  general  law*  though  the  GOT- 
eminent  is  not  obliged  to  act  upon  its  tram- 


The  Legialatire  Aawnbly.  which 
biennislly.  ha»  thr  nghl  to  veto  any  new 
tialorland  tai. 

.el  of  the  Khedire  to  the  begin n.ng 
of  1HB5  consisted  of  the  following  mmistan: 

terior.  NuUr  IV«ha  :  ance.  Max- 

l.im  PnOm  Works  and  Mm- 

n.  Kakhr 

Jwetk*.  Ibrahim  Kua.l   IV.  -,r-f  \S»r 

AT, I   Manne.  MtiMapha  Fehmi   l'a> 

^raTBoatrmGhali.  The 
financial  adriser  .xlire  and  dijilnsinHo 

agrnt  i*  Ix»ni  ( 'romer. 

.1  and  Population.— The  area  of  Egypt 
within  the  present  limits  b  about  885,000. 


IJ.YI'T. 


ta^^^a  ••  • 
levsi  was 


all  exwpt  18.976  mil.-* 
drlUoflh, 
ximadft.    The  population 

,     ;-  ,,;,*,    «... 


,77i 


Hlid 


rfanalM.    The  population  of  Cain •.  the 
mm  mU<»;  oHiaxandria,  the  chief 

The  budget  for  1806  ma*. 

total  r»«»oe  £  R.  $MOO  (I  Bmtiai.  1 

*;..'.  .1     i.-;...«WO*ji  •!,- 

rU^fron  thelaod  tax,date  tax,  etc.  t  K.  1.700.- 


duUea.fi  B.  880,000  fn.in  judicial 

• '  '       -    I  K.  170.000 

from  salt  and  natn-n.  f  K.  IHO.ooo  fnun  |n.rt  due.s 
of  Alexandria.  £  E.  180.000  from  urUn  Uzes, 
£  K.  1081.000  from  lighthouse  dues,  i 
tram  the  post  oflee,  £  K.  98,000  from  fisheries, 
postal  boats,  4*  K.  90.000  fro,,. 
from  military  service, 


86.000  from  rrnts  of  Government  property, 

«•:-••  '.  '     >'. 

from  the  pension  fund.  £  K.  42.000  from  tele- 
graphs,  and  £  K.  884,000  fn-m  other  sources. 

The  expenditures  are  estimated  in  the  budget 
at  £  K.  9.600.000.  of  which  «37  are  for 

the  public  debt.  £  E.  881.41V,  f..r  ni.ln.ad-.  E  I L 


T7U»  for  public  works.  £  E.  7( 

prisons,  and  the  army  of  oeoopaUon,  i'  K.  665,- 

<M1  f.,rthoTurki-htri'bute.  i  K.  4:{O.O:x»f,,r  jH-n- 

:t20.619  for 

.    ,   ;      ,-„„„„,:    • 

ft*   •••'<••.  I  B,  149.222  for  ad- 
of  the  customs,  i  K.  il'.i.7'.r!  for  the 
^iinkin.  f  K.  ll!».7ir>forfinan- 


daladminiMnm       i  I.   1 11,707  for  the  interior, 

£R  105.000  for  |.u».!,,'. 


.         ..  . 

tbe  dril  lisU  of  the  khcdivial  family. 
748  for  the  port  om 
bnttft.  £  R.  5&9S4  forth.-  private  Cabin 


instrneti.  i,.  I  K.  KK).0()0 
far  Che  chril  list  of  the  Khedive  .37  for 

i  •:.  95,- 

for  postal 

private  Cabinet  of  the 
v«.  £  K.  46.27N  for  salt  and  natron.  •:  I 

KMKKif.-rthesj.nita- 

lioo  of  <  'aim,  £  K.  88^27  for  collection  of  oe- 
|   i     -jfiXio  forli^'lithoiiN 
uncil  of  Ministers  and  foreign  affair 

•     '    Vl«.zandria,and  I'  K.  152,^ 

•  •    '   -     •      -.,-.•.,- 

The  public  debt  oo  Jan.  1. 1895.  amounted  to 

•  :;•-•<-••-'  whii-l,  £&J7i8n,«». 


«J1<H.4D«^M»  Sterling,  of  which  £33,074.820.  con- 
stituting the  unified  debt,  bears  interest  at  4  per 
QeatTOMMJMO  of  privileged  debt  Days  8*  per 
ortiU  the  guaranteed  loan  of  fiS.TWjgOO  pays  8 

'.1.H14.720  outstanding  of  the 
loan  nays  4  per  cent.,  and  the  conv,  rt.d 
»  l<«ti.  amoimtii,.-  ,o.  bears 


PV  e 
8MMl 


The  d  ;,*  for 

for  the  unified  del 

Pffifl  d.  HK>  fc,r  thf 

loan,  £^JW)  <<*  the  H.. 

for  I|M>  lkMn«in*  »«». 
Knawa.  the  annual  payment   to  the 

and  the  Mouknlialah  annu- 
fcy  of  ClSUm.  whkh  runs  till  1980.  The  Do- 
MtataadDaini  estates  yieldeil  a  surplus  in  1894 
1  7tOJ«.  which  was  turned  orcr  t. 

1  lu  W"8^  'and  an«l  to 
fund  of  the  Government. 


These  fun«N  amounted  in  the  be-innim:  «>f  16 
;  rji. 

Military  Force*.— The  army, 

organized  after  the  disband  men  t  «>f  tin-  ..id  f,  • 
.'i    Knijlish  general   \\ 
received  •  m  niih-  <.f  -irdar.  ha 

^'th  of  i:{.(KH>  men,  commanded  l»y  al>"ii! 
Uriti-h    nflii  «•!-.     The    nn-M-nt    sirdar   i- 
(i.  n.  Horatio  ||,-rb.-rt    Kit. -hen,  •  ^^I^H 

tian.    excepting    «•• 

students,  is  liable  to  serve  in  the  army,  but    may 
pureha-e  exemption  by  paying  '-'  1^.20. 

The  |K. lice   fore.-   numbers  about    !;{<>  oflierrs, 
•i plovers,  and  5.000  men. 

Mritish    troops    have    orriipi.-d    Ki:ypt    since 
l^S'J.     In    l^H-l    the  annv   of   occupation.   e.,iu. 
manded    by    Maj.-(ien.    Forcstirr    WalUe- 
-i-tcd   of  -J.O.-.7   infantry.  ,r»1»  OS  R6  ti.  Id 

artillery.    1"»"»   ^arri-«>n   artillery.    I1 
66  train,  and  'J05  staff  officers  and  admi; 
live  troops;  total.  .VJ7i'.  "f  all  rank-. 

(  oiuiiHTcr  and    I'rodnct  ion.     of  the  total 
area  of  Upper  and   Lower  Kirypt.  about   s.(HKi,. 
000  f.-ddan-  (1    f.-ddan  =  HI:;~ 
frddans  wrre  und.T  cultivation   in  IS'.M.  and  ..f 
this  area  1,108.000  feddans    pn.du ••••.!    <loi: 
crops— cereals  in  the  spring  and  cott.  • 
«>r  rice  in  the  autumn.     The  area  mid. 
in  1N92  was  864,000  feddans,  yi.-k 
kant  198,907,000  pounds.    The  area  mi 

wheat    in    ls<»l    was   1,215,841   feddan-:    un 
corn  and  durrah,  1.530,9aS ;  under  be^ns,  6«  I 
751;  under  clover.  K»o.*J(W  ;  under  barley,  48IR  I 
880;  undrr  ri«-c.  HJ7.UI-I:  under  su^ar  cane,  64,- 
589.    Other  crops  are  lentils,  frnuL'r«-.-k. 
toes,  onions,    chick-|»eas,   melons,   peas,   ca-1   r 
beans,  indigo,  flax,  henna,  and  sesame. 

The  total  value  of  the  import-  of  mcrchan- 
di-ein  is'.ciwas  B B. 8,718,785; and  of  t  h 
L1  I •:.  12,789,687.     The  imports  of  precion 

:i«l  the  exports  i'  K.  :j.r»  17,- 
152.     The  commercial  intercourse  with  for- 
countries  in   1898  is  shown   in  the  followi3| 
table: 


ooomnB, 


^  I     '      Si»ln 

p»ys  8   ZSK 


OrettBHUiln  ............... 

Turkey  ....... 

. 

i  •    •    . 

AuotrU-Hunfftry.... 

Gcrnunr  .. 

Hriti'h  roloniot  In  the  Batt... 
Belgiam  .................... 

• 


Chiou  and  the  flu-  Emit 

.....    . 

M<HlltemD(«ncok>Die« 

Morocco 

Be*  Be*  pom 


Other  muritrh-A. 


f  K  iVXU-JI 


M'T.u.l 

'.•:<•  i. ». 1 1 


njm 

nSjSn 


ToUl 


f  !..  v.".«4,V.- 


The  values  of  the  principal   export*   were: 

•ton   wed.   L   I'!. 

857;  st 

onion-.   «;  K.  HC,.or,s :  nee,   »J   I!.  1'J! 
:  wheat.  »J  i:.  F0,052;   w. 

150;   lentil.*,  £    i  ,      'I'h.-    i-hief   im|^rts 

were:  Cotton  goods,  I  i: 


r.'.Yl'T. 


N 


.  n.  And  other  teitile  goods.  ' 
K,  404347;  a,M-rrl  and 


time  off  transit  was 


hoort,  fifty-five 

•    :        :..•      . 


and  Steal"  goods,  £  R. 

.•ft4..<»4:  f 

i*atlnn.     n.-  :..-.'••  ..f  veanli  entered 
tan<lria  during  lt*tt  was  SJ71, 

mi.  -f  ••4«.H>  ,.,„,,  furkieh;   If*  ..f  ••...-,;.{ 
lorn.  Halm  l94J08tons,A< 

• 

•nxnU 

^^Btranct*  wore  7,053  in  number ;  tonnage, 

munlcst  Ions,— The    railroads    in    1804 
-.     I>urin,rl808 

theiv  wriv  H 

"19  metric  tons  of  freight;  the  n 

iwh.  is  being  < 
•A  ill  U-  con 

:  (stance  from  Alexandria  to  th« 
Cataract  being  over  700  milea.    The  length  of 

telegraphs  in  the  U 

IBB  was  1.093  milea,  with  0.763  miU«  of  wire, 
The  niimU-r  of 

poat  office  in  1803  carried  9.570.000  in- 
tarnal  and  3.000,000  international    I.-U.TS  and 

•••rnal  nu.l  9,100,400  in  the  int 


age  tt me  of  tram 

!  ,.:.-' 

i 

Pelltlcal    A  fair*,— After  securing 
Xiiber  ministry  a  suberrvimt  inatrument  for  all 
•mrr  made  no  pretense  off 

or  of  conciliating  native  opinion.    T 

fforming  the  administration  had  produced 

•danti|«ihyto  Uw  English  i 


tiea  or  of 


II.-    Muu.tr,    ,.f   UM    I..'-r,r.   hMpjd  Hi    »    :  - 

-r  the  regulation  of  locJ  for. 
Jrnmeni  th.t  deprived  toe  villaff*  <S3£  of 
real  authority  an- 1  transformed  the  omdehs  into 


•rate  of  the  BnfHafa  policy.    The  ItffUrtfo 
Gboaeil  adjowwedao  M Tu>  avoid  diec 


/    Canal.     Th.-    i.mnU-r   ..f 

-i«  waa  8.: 

.     -  •  .    . 

!!•§•    The  number  of  paaatniten  waa  180,481 

f  708.080  nnan; 

190.  of  709.634  ton*.  Prnieh  ; 

of  951.468  tons.  Austrin 
109  ton*,  Italian  :  50.  of  1  19.61'. 

7.466  tons. 

ons  Ja|«tir*c:  1.  of  9.M6  tons,  IVclgian. 

*  share  and    loan   capital   on  Jan.  1,  1804, 
109  francs, 


109  francs,  not 
thr   n»M>..  shares.  whi«  I.   • 

the  Mirfiltm  profits  OV.T  nn«l  almve  5 

nisa  receipts  amount.--!  t 
•-an-l   tl..-  n.-t   profits  •..  41.121,000 

••anal,  having  an  aggregate  btmlen 
-  carrying  petroleum  in  bulk.    The  aver- 


llanifestations  of  popolar 
MM-  to  the  British 
xttibitione  of  hostile 


made  it  .,. 

pear  neofieary  for  the  arm  v  of  oorqpalion  to  re- 
main and  impossible  for  tfgypt  to 
«tth..ut   danger  to  the  rights  and 
F^ropeansTTbe  attitude  of  tne 
toward  the  British  became  d« 


sive  ami  defiant  early  in  18Mi    A 
an.ina  a^aultnl  some  marines  off  the  war  ship 
-Scout -01  *tiveaweressf> 

tenw:  vtreme  punishmrnt  all..* 

the  la  •  tie  jnd icial  adviser  off 

th.-(,,,\,  riMi;.  M.  in  sjasUaJj  h  in  »  n  .» •  -  »» 
dt  v  more  seWre  for  attacks  by 
bands  upon  Europeans.  Another  decree  cre- 
ated a  new  tribunal  with  power  to  deaJ  snouoa- 
rily  with  native  offenses  against 
•okUers.  or  sailors.*  This  court  is  armed  »nh 

*  of  life  and  deAthai 
restrictions  of  the  code.    It  will  pronounce  im- 

ite  judgment,  from  which  there  is  nu  ap- 
peal, but  will  only  meet  up.«  the  demand  of  the 

i.  Since  punishments  have  become  fre- 
ijiii  iit  inn!  bean  renderea  more  severe  for  esnt* 

i  of  the  popular  dislike  for  the  British 
and  condemnat iouVmore  numerous  for  all 
.nea.  the  natives  ofleo  feel  the 

Homing  to  be  a  hardship,  ami 
om^sja  sometimes  regretted  hiving 
humanitarian    reform.     8oms 
hooted  at  an  KngUsh  military  funeral 

.  ntmrrti  t»  a  year's  imprisonment.  I'm- 
alties  of  that  kind  n<4  only  »l.l  greatly  to  the 
cost  of  prison  administration,  but  deprive  fami- 
lies of  the 

Th- 
IS  to  act  upon  the  protect  for  tbe'reorganfa 
of  the  mt«rnal  ad  ministration  at 

ut-.n  Kumpeans.    Mr.Oorst'sproj 
ed  with  amend meota  securing  greater  tnoepeoo> 
em*  of  the  village  authorttiea  from  the  provin- 
cial  as  well  as  from  the  oratral  ewrutiveV  The 
omdeh  is  the  head  man  of  t  h, 
sheik*  are  hit  deputiea,    Each  sheik  has  au- 
.  over  a  part  of  the  inhabitant*  in  each 
village,  they  having  the  right  to 


HI 


r.CYI'T. 


_ fr,t  ^^b  tk«T  wish  to  he. 

^SToZSeh  for  the  behavior    f  h.« 
and  the  omdeh  to  responsible  to  the 
*ll  that  happen*  in  the  village. 
trvr*  appoint.-!    under  the  new 
the  village  official!  through- 

.,          .      •  •-•     ,  •        •  A    '.        ..        .. 

Then)  commissions  abol- 
m  :i.:.7v»  that  were  pre- 
714  omdehs  and    !/.•»: 
it^M   rn.lin  me   the    latter    ap- 

to  the 


jajl  .-;T.  ns,- 

and  to  the  Kgyptun  public  by  refusing 
uest  of  Ismail  Pasha,  the  moribund 
that  he  might  come  home  to  Egypt 
toe* 

M.  Ugrrllc.  the  Procurator-Oeneral,  was  dis- 
!  trvh  after  twelve  years  of  service  in 
of  irreconcilable  differences  with 
who  desires  to  supplant  the 
code  and  rules  of  procedure  and  to  re- 
strict the  functions  of  the  parquet  to  those  of  a 
public  prosecutor.  A  native  lawyer  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  office  and  more  summary  forms 
of  procedure  were  introduced.  Sir  John  Scott 
formulated  new  regulations  making  the  parauet 
subject  to  the  inspection  of  the  committee  of  ju- 
dicial surveillance,  directing  the  tnudirs  to  in- 
vestigate crimea,  depriving  the  parquet  of  the 
right  to  instruct  the  criminal  tribunals  and  that 
of  prosecuting  officials  without  orders  from  the 
Ministry  of  Justice,  and  transferring  to  it  all  the 
functions  previously  discharged  by  the  jugca 


Ismail  Hey  Sabry,  vice-pr- -id. -nt  of  the  native 
court  of  appeals,  was  appointed  procurator-gen- 
eral, and  another  native  jurist,  Zewar  Bey,  was 
made  advocate-general.  The  Legislative  Coun- 
cil after  dosing  it*  session  was  for  the  second 
UOM  ordered  to  reassem  i  >!.  in  order  that  a  meas- 
ure  for  the  rapid  disposal  of  criminal  cases 
"pd.  Other  changes  in  the  ad- 
tbe  criminal  laws  were  impor- 
under 

r      tors  under 
the   Interi  ,r 


..•  I    •>,  ••      4 

lecalised. 
,,n  of  thi 


unt.    Not  only  were  the  court*  placed 

t       •  '    .'    1.     .'        .  .',-;.      '     r> 

the  new  adviser  to  the  Ministry  of  the  Ii 


r;.".': ! 


5  the  police  adtnini^rai ion  in  all  the  prov- 
he  central  police 


bureau  in  Cairo  being 
land  the  provincial  police  placed  under 
the  mudirs.  A  ticket-oMeave  system,  like  that 
of  England,  has  been  adopted  for  Kgyptian 
prisons.  For  juvenile  offenders  reformatories 
have  been  established.  The  natives  complained 
that  the  *.  ,ble  administration  of  jus- 

Urn  under  the  roiled  codes,  based  upon  the  laws 
end  pnicrdure  Accepted  in  France,  Ital. 

:        •  .:  .  • 

fad.  tm  by  the  institution  in  1801  of  the  ju- 
jjnjjlpn  of  control   having  power  to 
eansuft  and  to  procure  the  removal  of  judges  of 
*!!  ******  .lribq>»*l«.  «»d  now  Mill  further  by 
1  retirement  of  the  procurator-general 
the  suppression  of  ail  indejn 
^••^ittfjtt^cial  ortler  a!  ting 

*  P***cut*»rs  of  crime  and   the 
tntir  power*  to  the  provincial  pre- 
>m  merely  the  task  of  support  - 
••,'   ail. 
arbitrarily  ordain, 


with. .tit  having  to  observe  any  of  the  laws  «:u!ir- 

,:u'tln-  hln-rl  v  aihl   honor  of  riti/u, 
u  |N'tr.inii  to  tlir  mnofa  Chamlu-r  a  larp'  iium- 
.•laiiii<-«l    t  In-   j)rotrt-t  ion   of  tlu« 
i.ul.lir  law  «.f   KiirojM-  npiin-t    tin-  a.ljudi 
l.y  thr  disorganize.!  nativr  lril>\inal>  «.f  «im>t  KMIS 
of  real  property  an< I  <>f  offenses  again-t  police 
regulations,  whlVh  un<l.-r  the  jn.licial   n-f- 
1875, guaranteed  by  treaty  ami  l>in<linur  till  i-vi... 

18Wtare  subject  to  th.    jui  i-<li<Mi.»i  ..f  tin-  inixc.i 
trilMinals.     'rhrraimr.!  \silh  tin-  ini- 
tin-  mlmiiiM ration  \\ith   tin-  course  of  ju- 
tin-  nativr  tri  Initials  since  prosecutions  have  been 
transferred    fnun   iinleprinlent    |.r.M-urat«-! 
the  lian.l-  of  muilirs  ami  Milipn  f« •••' 
ferred  to  have  cases  dex'idexl  according  \»  the 
fixed  principles  of  i 

the  reform   courts  of    mixed    jurisdi.-tim:. 
l-'.u'yi'tian  committee  was  organ i/ed  in  l-'t.. 
agitate  in  favor  of  a  common   re-.iuti..n  <>r  ihe 
ffreat  powers  to  guarantee    the   neutrality   of 
Egypt  and  the  entire  Nile  basin,  and  thus  afford 
the"  llriti-h   (Jovernment    an    honorable  ground 
for  the  evaluation  of  Kgypt.  which  w 
mittedly  of  in i  strategic  value  to  Kngland.     The 
>ue/  Canal,  open  in  time  of  peace,  but  now  at 
the  mercy  of  any  event  in  war,  should  1> 
served  as  a  highway  of  commerce  by  m  ut 
tion.     The    French   merchants   in    K-\  pt    j.eti- 
tioned  the  French  Chamber  to  record  a  protest 
against  the    prohibition   of  all   trade  between 
i;-\|it  and  the  Soudan  that  has  liecn  main 
since  the  British  occupation,  although  th 
danese  try  to  get  their  produce  into  Kury|.t  and 
the  Egyptians  to  circumvent  the  em !M  !•_-••  and 
renew  the  long   interrupted  commercial 
course  with  the  Soudan. 

The   Knglish    administrators  have   desii 
apply  the  reserves  accumulated  in  the  In 
amounting  to  £4,230,000,  to  adminUtrair. 
form-,  public  works,  and  the  relief  of  tax 
but  this  money   belonged   to  the  bondholders 
under  an  international  engagement   which  the 
1-Veiich  (iovernment  refused  to  cancel.     Forthe 
relief  of  agricultural  distress  caused  l»y  the  -ud- 
d'-n  fall  of  *J.">   per«-ent.  in  the  value  of  il 
ton  crop  and  the  depression  in  the   pn 
sugar  and  cereals,  the  Government  initiated  a 
general  reassessment  of  tax  values  in  accordance 
with  present  rents  in  older  to  equalize  the  inci- 
dence of  the  land  tax.     The  new  c 
makes  the  large  proprietors  pay  mop 
lightens  the  burden  resting  upon  the  small  land- 

The  aggregate  revenue  of   IM.ii 
sterling  fi-i.m  ."i.4:;»;.iKK)  acres  of  culti\at.-d  land 
was  not  to  I.,-   increased   nor  the  maximum  rale 

5<f.  an  acre  to  be  exceeded.    The 
tion  of  some  of  the  taxes  had  been  postj.oi 
ai!c;oiiiit  of  the  low  price  of  cotton.     Tli-   ' 
missi,,n  of  the  I'uhlic  Del>t   was  disposed  at  fir-t 
to  object  to  th< •  guarantee  of  :{A  jMT-cent.  inter- 
est on  £365.000 of  liomls-  for  the  Keneb-A.' 

Railway:  tin    i.omi.  and  the  contract   wer- 

taken  by  the  lierlin  Handelsgesellschaft. 

Council  f.f  MiniMer-.  de<-id,-d  to  hring  the  U'akN 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Mini-try  of  l-\: 
l»v  direr-ting  the  areourr-  of  tin-.-  religion 
charitable   cndowmer  audited   l»y  that 

department.     The  Legislative  Council, obj- 
to  such  intervention  in  .Mohammedan  matters, 
proposed  that  the  committee  of  Wakfs  .should 


RC1YPT. 


141 


I 


I.-. 


I'v 

(••I 


lev 


Mbmlt  ite  ac*mi!  .ve.    Con- 

.y  waa  extended  to  Cairo, 

• 
.m.    TI.I-  n.r^'.r.-  i-  nqw  '.-i 

maiderable  *um  that 

lojwt:  exemption  from  mi 

.o  price  for  exemption  ha*  been  re- 

edra« 

tversion  to  military  ••  the 

•  so  rather  than 

framed  a  now  a 
.il   by  court* martial    i*   main- 

.UK!   in   thr   fr. 

qmrofalavm  ii  made  dbtinotlj  Uaota  t.. 
ment  no  leat  than  the  eeller,  and  a  new 

r  the  iiur|MHM-  of  trying  OMM 
.  IA  not  mull -r  martial  law,  conabt- 

rourt  of  a|.|M-nl.  "f 

S  shall  be  Europeans,    The  deotmJon*  of 

r  the  young  Khedive 
b  patriotio  friend*    toward   the    Anglo- 

iction*  of  the  l>egblati\. 

tempt  to  exercise  it*  1m. - 
^^nr  ao  long  aa  the  EK 

tl  obediently   tlu-  dictati 

When  Riax  Pasha  at  ;. 

il  the  Cotinnl  took  courage,  and  by  its 

res   or  bti    of    ISLJ    g 

i  statement  that   thr  t>rtvate  indebtedness 


In  the  l.i..|^i-t  ;• 

ti   iij-  n    ihr  (toVenillUMlt 


::inv  hir.il  Ia»H.n-r>  on  th. 

hey  are  rapidly 
ih«|H.«M-Hv«-,l. 

•i    with    Greece, 

d  March  21,  prnnimtion  wan  pivt-n  l<>  m>- 
Greek 

ns  being  relaieii  K> 
Kfcyntian  officer*  can  search  Greek 

-      -laa.— The^haUfaAtxlullnh. 

<*  of  Egrni.  preaenrea  the 
MohamnmUn   rh»r«.-trr"  of  QM  itate,  ' 

Bqoett,  for  he  hasgrrat  «li^  -  tain- 

r  thi»   triU^  tfial   I 
\  halifa,  who  wan  once  Be* 
>t  of  tho  lUhdi,  and  commander  of  the 


gara  military  forw  that  nafahliafieH  and  main- 
tuitM^t  hi*  empire, now  reprcamu  ih«  domination 
of  thai 

r,w.-.  »i,o  f.-. i  UM  rah  •  f  Ifc  Bajnm  •    *• 
hard,  but  not  fonppratiire  and  rapadot»  a>  «a» 
>ua.     The  country  b  Jew 
|.r.*j«  ro(l»  thnu  it  »a»  under  Egyptian  ix 
it..   KhaJlfa  ha-  not  known  ho* 
government  that  will  be  nepecUd.  and  ail  out- 

Mile    rofiiinrfvi-    !.<»-    I -.  .  ;,     >!..'.     < 

claiide*ine  trade  in  tlate*.    The 


region  of  the  Welle 
au.l  th,      MI,  r\  tirtwrentheNTleaodtheroiuo. 


The  anpply  of  aUvea  U 

M.iht.ry 

win.  h.  uixlrran 
baa  ex1 

.innu.^h,.!  j-,-,  Jiahfa 

n.thr    *la. 

aiul  the  Soodan  again  opeoi 


co.,  i*  has  not  been  done,  owing  to 

political  complication*.     Great  Britain 

irrespective  of  its  engagennnts  to  withdraw  from 
Egypt  as  soon  as  that  country  to  able  to  govern 

;Twhl?V1vSnaSd! 

Uon  of  the  English.    The  French 

refuses  to  iwaogniM  the  claims  of  Great  Britain 

i.a»in.  l.utthi- 
by  the  German,  Italian,  and  Vongo  govemmenU. 

'I'he   Fn-nch  contend  that  all  the  <-..un(nr«  thai 

nintv  ..f  Turkey  are  rtilT&yptian 

UonaJ  law.  and  a  part  of  the  Turkbh  Empire. 

were  alarmed  in  1805  lest  Krrmh 

•  ..up. and  the  Niger  shonkl 

penetrate  into  th.-  Bnhr^6nMl  province  and 

v  it  as  guardian*  of  the  rights  of  tl 
tan.    The  recent  activity  of  the  French  in  the 
Ubangi  roiintry  influenced  the  British  Govem- 
t..  *.  i.. i  .  kpedtti  Ml     i  ••     UMI 

:e.  and  to  undertake  the  const rm 
f  thr  I  .j.-inda  Ilailn 

rly  all  the  Europeans,  former  nnlahib  of 
overnment  and  iniieionarbe.  who 
in  captivity  ».y  the  Khalifa,  have  es» 
nd  rvturnrd  to  Kurope,   Father  Bonomi 


-<l:   Father  Ohrweider.  with  t 

Italian  nun*,  in   l«Jl  :   hat 

•4:  and.  finally.  Slatm  IW.  the  leM 

ol  Gen.  Gor!  .  •-    •  i 

i'.uropeane  were  lattrrlv  allowed  to  earn 

th.-ir  !i\:i.J:  l>^  working  at  whatever  hendirrafts 

they  knew  in  uindurman.    Slalin  Bey  was  at 

in  prieon.  loaded  with  chain*:  at 

,10,1       ..th 


called  into  oninnil  by  the  Khalifa.  He  mailt 
eight  attempta  to  escape  before  hie  wardens 
finally  rvl.,  •  ^  igiUuice  and  mffere.1  him 

to  ilei>art.     When  the  Austrian  onVrr  left,  the 
Khalifa  had  12.000  fighting  derrithea.  under 
Oeman  IHgma.  encamped  on  the  At  harm  river, 
threatening  the  Italians  at  Kaawla.    Hie  mili- 
wea  etill  unbroken,  the  Bagnmt.  of 
he  b  one.  remaining  faithful,  and  hb  po- 
at  Omdurman  and 


and  reiigiou*  power 
throughout  the  wuthero  province*  wwstillgreat, 


f4S  KLKa  BBNKVOLBNT  ORDER  OP 


iikv  iir\noi.i-\T    *M» 

»  charitable  t,.. 

of  the  order  to  to  aid  and  pr— 
and  Ihnr  families,  and  to  pr«>- 
rrourwe.     In  the 

it  was  eomnoeeit  of  a  few  gentlemen 
of  "the  theatrical  profession,  drawn  together  for 
eoetei  tatem««irw.  It  has  now  dereloned  into  n 
powerful  organixation  of  *M>00  men.u  r-.  «:rh 
lodfr*  ia  more  than  tSO  dtie*  of 
Htale*.  While  laiiellSfS  of  the  theatrical  pro. 
and  prominent  in  the  or- 
contain  the  names  of  many  m 
and  occupation*.  Only  one 
l«rmittod  in  any  town  or  eity.  This 
fa  to  prevent  the  rivalry,  conflict,  and  jealouny 
that  sumrtisass  embarrass  secret  societies.  The 
iaiUaUco  fee  varies  from  f  15  to  $100  in  lodges 
to  the  raricios  cities.  The  average  dues  are  $6 
a  tear.  The  order  to  not  beneficial,  but  it  is 
claimed  to  expend  more  in  unostentatious  ,-har- 
UT  than  any  other  in  the  world.  The  amount 
enrages  $10  a  week  to  those  who  are  in  dis- 
trws*.  but  the  sum  is  usually  limited  b\  the 
needs  of  the  suffer,  r.  Then-  nre  no  ranks,  titles, 
or  emolnmenti  in  the  order.  All  Klks  have 
efiual  right*  under  their  laws.  To  join  the  order 
of  Rika,  the  applicant  must  be  a  man  of  good 
heahh,  most  be  twenty-one  years  of  age,  must 
believe  in  a  Supreme  Being,  must  be  a  citizen  of 
the  United  States,  and  must  have  some  honor- 
able occupation  or  visible  means  of  support. 
Another  body,  which  the  Grand  Lodge,  at  its 
in  Jamestown,  N.  Y,  declared  to  be  -  un- 
illegal.  and  revolutionary."  held  its 
al  Atlantic  city  in  1*94;  but  the  two 
wines  of  the  order  are  now  practically  united. 

EMilNKKRINt  Miip  <  analH."— On  .June 
SI  the  Emperor  of  Germany,  attended  by  an 
immense  fleet  of  war  ships  representing  all  the 
maritime  nations  of  the  world,  officially  opened 
•rth  Sea  and  Baltic  Shin  Canal.  Since 
fln*  the  nations  of  northern  Europe  began  to 
build  ships,  study  navigation,  and  realize  the 
imj-ortanc*  of  short  cote  by  water  from  sea  to 
esa  the  desirability  of  a  canal  across  the  base  of 
the  Danish  peninsula  has  been  obvious.  A  be- 
ginning  was  made  in  1889.  and  a  narrow  canal 
was  made,  following  natural  watercourses  and 
serving  for  the  passage  of  small  craft.  This 
was  in  nee  until  1784.  when  the  Eider  Canal 
was  opened  from  a  point  near  the  eastern  end 
of  the  present  canal  to  Rendsburg  (82  miles), 
the  remainder  of  the  distance  being  by  way  of 

' 

•etd  annually  bv  about  4,000  vessels,  but  the  0 
locks  carried  onlv  10  feet  of  water,  so  that  ves- 
•tis  of  uv  eone&rabie  else  were  still  obliged 

to    make    ilM     dMI«Plim«      nm^mnm      mw^,,nA      T\l« 

0  «*«"iam»u»  paaaage  arounu    uen- 
mark.    On  the  oondaeion  of  the  Schleswig  1 1  1 
s^  oomplicaUom,  ia  1818,  Bismarck,  foreseeing 
the  comia*  naeessitto.  of  commerce  and  of  war, 


"wwrtaconeemloo  of  land  from  the  principal- 
the  conMru- •  n   of  mien  a 
canal  as  ha*  now  been  completed.    The  attain- 
roao  unity  a  few  rear*  Inter  further 
the  IK™**! ty  of  mich  a  canal.  :m<l 
SJfWJ&l-ir  TUbelm  1  ««cially  beran  the 
The  canal  a*  completed  i,  a  little  more 
tkw*  «  mta  loag,  aad,  for  the  easterly  part  of 


rXHNBERING, 

lie  course,  follows  the  line  of  the  old 
Canal,  then    bending  southward    till    it    enters 

the  lower   Kibe  where  then-   is  a   li:i\  l^ll'le   depth 

of  about  40  feet.    Theoretically,  the  wholi 

is  at   the    Itallie-Sea   level,  which    i-   |'niciieally 

u  na  fleet  rd  I iy  the  tide'.;    but   the  rise  and    fall  o'f 

the  North  Sea  al  the  month  of  th-    I! 

ab..ut  20(f)  feet,  so  thai  a  -\-lein   of   tida 

and  gates  has  been  established  at  I'.run-i-iiii.-i. 
where  t  he  canal  proper  debouches  into  the  n\er. 
At  Eiolteneau,  the  lialtic  terminus,  storm  ffatel 
only  are  required,  which  will  be  e, 

•icressary,  because  of  violent  p»l< •«•  from  t|u. 
east    This  occurs,  accord  m-  to  oilman 

an    average   of   twent  m    :i  \,  ar.  but. 

e\en   when   it    is  necessary  to  keep  <h< 

;    from   hour  to  hour,  tie  \ 
for  intervals  of  a  few  minute-*,  -ullicient    i 
vessels  into  !  he  canal.     The  tidal  lock-  at  I'.runs- 
buttel,  on  the  contrary,  will  be  habitually  kept 
closed,  except   during  three  hours  of  t- 
tide.     These  locks  are  constructed  like  ordinary 
canal  locks,  and  vessels  can  be  passe<  I  1 1 
them  at  an  v  time,  subject  to  the  ordinar\ 
A  sheltered  basin  is  formed  by  two  m'oi- 
tending  into  the   river,  between   which   vessels 
may  await  their  turn    for  the   |ock>;  iln-   ba-in 
is  828  feet  wide  by  1,312  feet  Ion-.     Then  ••,,,,,.. 
the  parallel  double  locks,  each 
between  sills  and  :',o  f,-et  deep.     Th.-e  w; 
all  save  the  very  largest  war  ships  at  am 
of  the  tide,  and  of  course  ships  of  any  -i/e 
whatever  can  pass  during  the  hours  of 
water,  when  the  gates  are  left  open  altogether. 
It  is  estimated   that  4  steamers  or  !'  sailing 
vessels  of  ordinary  dimensions  can 
through  at  once.     Inside  the  !<><  k-  i-  an  inner 
harbor  656  by  1,640  feet  for  vessels  bound  west- 
\\.trd  that  have  come  through  the  canal   and 
await  their  turn  to  get  to  sea.    The   g< 
width  of  the  canal   proper   i-  197  feet   at    the 
water  surface  and  7'J  feet  at    the  bottom,  with  a 
depth  of  29  feet  6  inches.     Ordinarily,  merchant 
vessels  going  in  op|M>site  directions  can  pa--  one 
another  anywhere:  but    with  an   eye   to   future, 
increase  of  tonnage  and  to  existing  men-of-war, 
there  are  at  convenient   points  along  the  route 
6  basins  328  feet  wide. 

The  locks  at  Holteneati  are  similar! 
with  outer  and  inner  harbors  or  ba>ins.     l',,iir 
railroad  bridges  cross  the  canal,  two  of  which— 
at    Brunt  1ml  and   Levensau — are  fixed  b: 
and    two    at     Unid-burg    and     Mrnn-buMcl    are 
swinging  draws.     The  fixed  bridges  B 
above  the  water,  so  that  by  -ending  down  their 
royal  masts, the  loftiest  -parted  v« -.— els  ean  pass. 
The  drawbridges  are  arranged  in  pairs.  dui»li- 
cated — that  is,  at  some  di-tan<-.-  apart— so  that 
if  one  of  them  is  closed  to  railroad  t  rallu  b\  the 
passage  of  vessels   the   other   one   can.  in 
oases,  be  available.    Provision  is  also  made  for 
foot  and  carriage  traffic.     The  I.M-'M  of  lin- 
ing sections  of  these  bridges 
.    it    is  claimed,   than    any   other   similar 
siructure    in    Kurope.     In  this  country,   where 
such  bridges  have  been  longer  in  u-e.  there  are 
several  of  greater  length.     All  the  machinery 
of  locks  and  bridges  is  o|>erated  by  hydraulic 

In  the  main,  the  line  of  the  old  Kider  Canal 
has  been  followed  for  the  easterly  section,  hut 


SKKRIXC. 


Ml 


eorrt*  hare  been  straightened  and  certain  nat- 

oral  obstructions  have  been  overcome  that  were 

ite  resources  of  the  earlier  «o- 

»tur»was 

l.*r  Ukr.  an 

»hl.h    laV 

•,.-w  canal. 

-•.un-t.f  wiit, -r  at  that 
^^Blt    MiaMi-    It    All  UIMafs  neiffhl»»r. 

iiml  until  thr  levrl 

t.-in.  mill  residents  al.'iij? 

•finer  shores  of  the  lake  pro* 

.  againa}  losing  thnr  wftt.  r  -.if.- 

ntf   canal" 

Ihr  timiii 

•  if  water  wan  deflect^!  mt<>  iho 
^•eana! 

>f  to  Increase  that  of  the  canal 

terminal  lock*  at  Brun»- 

^^B  at*  kept  reasonably  Hear  of 

lownreaja  bar 

u«n«v«    roanhft  of 
nu«im»  had  to  U 
Sime  of  theae  coodst. 
:MU.|.  perhaps  with  a 


fourth  term  of  the  profiodtioa  U  inoVflnitelv 
the  unknown  dM^Hi  of  a  Nona 


Mfc  .• 


be*  ..f 


•f  turf  on  top:  others  were 
Ilothcrxiuirksands.  Al- 
ftctiott  of  the  canal  sev- 

nt   had  to  be  < 
'tit-ally  upon  an  art  ill 

•  ••"I 

vet  tem|nirary  crib  work 
u-ar  moderate  car 

mill.  I  -hkes  of  sand  on 
the  axis  of  the  canal  were  pushed 
marshes  until  a  sufficiently  stable 
ras  obtained  between  the  dik,-  f.-r 
concrete.    In  a  distance  of  5i  miles 
ibic  feet  of  sand  were  thus  dcposit- 
nesult  seems  to  have  been  saUsfac- 

Liml    : 

belongings  was:  BransbQttel  locks, 
ueao  looks,  *UMNfc.OfN»:  ,.th,r 
t.  tuL 


many  in  this  great  engi- 
i:  enterprise  is  both  commercial  »» 

ately  upon  the  commercial.     It  is 

•f  Commerce,  that  the  an- 

imal   rviri-'- 
the  Baltic  and  • 


I  IK  vmli  Me.  Marie  Canal.— On  June  IS 
this  iinjM.rtant  Canadian  w 
Su|*-rior  nu«l  l.ak.-  Huron 
merce.  The  completion  of  this  i 
unbroken  navigation  from  the  head  of  l+ke  Su- 
perior and  from  all  its  vast  extent  of  oorth- 

utfline  2,:^  1 
j TIV ilege  that  she  has  not  enjoyed  since  the  War 

•-1.    As  soon  as  the  northern  wililsrassi  be- 

esr,  5£S!^  "  t^*u"  •dr-l-''  * 

Ushed   of    fa«ilitating   I 
Lake  Superior  and  the  lower  lake 
1706  a  beginning  was  made,  and  a 
finished  ten  years  later  across  St.  Mary's  fated, 
thetw, 


IW tons, and  h.-  belie?ai  th«t  n.; 
thb  will  pass  thrt>ugh  the  can 

la, 

"tance  between  the  rari 

>t  i^rhaim  the  most  gra 
.intages  is  by 

i<o  canal,  and  000  miles    . 

th.-  |.n-|w>rti..t>  :   A- 61  i*  to 000, 
-.r»at  by  sea.    But  th.- 


of 

ber  than 

it.-  tal.lr* 
in    tin'" 
orth   S-n 

i\  .'f  -  • 

x  coast  that 


mbTowofthc 
but  the  DToperty  wa«  ev< 
tran*frrred  t<>  thr  Hu.U>n  lUy  Cneapatty. 
canal  wan  900  fert  long  and  45  f  erf  wide, 
» if  h  a  lock  «  feet  long  and  9  feet  wide. 


two  lakes,  and  ample  for  all 

althalr*rlyaVy.    This'w 

nlly 

ally  tran*frrrvd  t«>  the  Hi 

and  with 

which  seems  ridiculously  Mall  in 

with  the  requirements  for  lake  na< 

press nt  da\ .     l-jirly  in  thr  War 

[•any  of  150  American  volunteers,  led  by  Major 

Holmes,  crosssJ  the  strait  and  destroyed  the 

canal  so  effectually  that  it  never  was  rebuilt. 

The  construction  of  a  canal  on  the  A  i 

aide  was  begun  shortly  afterward,  and 

rapidly  to  com  plot  t.  ,  history  of  this 

canal  and  he  improvement*,  am  -Annual  Cyclo- 

prdia"  for  1889.  pair  \«  this  was  made 

available  by  international  treaty  for  the  uses  of 


\i:i:i:iN(i. 


immediately  taken  by 


i-:- 


gftfilt  wafl  Unmeaiaifiy  in*en  oy 
lotWMMQt  10  provide 'n  -mini  on 

,nnjf  Ih*  1C;  ;  r,  union  of 
•iBiairy  to  transport  m.-n  and 


Hir  Oarnei  Wob»l*vtn 
fctaf  of  the 


1-11.  r. 


Ijird  Wolseley,  com- 
f  rf  the  British  arm v)  sough, 
i  to  us*  UM  American  cannl.  but  this 
was  rafusrd  bv  UM  United  States,  in 
with   UM   uws  of   nations.     I  he 
trouble  was  overcome  by  landing   tr.-p*  and 
avppttes  OB  UM  Canadian  side  of  t  he  -t  rnit 
ia*  Ibe  rmpcy  boau  round  through  the  Am.-n- 
«B*  canal,  which  was  available  by  Treaty,  and  n- 
.  .     x ..... ,    raia     '  EM  •  my, 

Tbis  va*  UM  tat  incident  that  forced  upon  the 
^MHHh"*  the  imtiortance  of  a  canal  of  their 
Tbe  secoiidlo«u>red  in  1808,  when  the 


rgbes  tossing  through  the 
Wrlland  Canal  were  ntaed.    The  Government 


immediately  notified  that 


of  r»n»d»  thiit  <  nnadian  vessels  paav 

ing  through  the  Sault  Sto,  Marie  canal  would  U«. 
forthwith  rained  in  rvtaliation.  l>»n  t  hi*  the 
Canadians  withdrew  their  excessive  tolls  but  the 
nead  of  a  canal  was  still  evident,  more  perhaps 
from  a  military  than  from  a  commercial  |Miint 
of  view,  since  only  about  :tf  percent,  of  the  i..ial 
commerce  passing  the  American  canal  is  of  <  'a- 
na<lmn  ownership.  The  new  Canadian  Canal  is 
1.106  feet  long  in  its  masonry  sect  P.M.  an  : 
fait  altogether,  with  a  total  length,  including 
approaches  dredged  in  the  natural  channel.  <>r 
about  18.000  feet.  The  lock  is  900  feet  lor. 
•0  tat  wide,  tt  feet  below  the  lowest  recorded 
of  the  water.  There  are  5  sets  of  lock 
Two  4-Vm.  h  turbines,  of  150  horse  power 
each,  operate  the  generators  for  the  <•! 
plant,  water  power  is  taken  from  Lake  Su- 
perior and  carried  through  a  large  pipe  t<>  the 
power  nouar,  where  it  divides,  one  branch  j 
to  each  of  the  turbine*.  One  turbine  in  capable 
of  doing  ail  the  work,  the  other  being  kept  f.>r 
ides.  The  turbines  can  also  be  used  to 
S  centrifugal  pumps  to  empty  the  lock 
r  in  case  of  need.  Thin  work  'can  be  ef- 
factcd  at  the  rate  of  ir  M>  gallons  a  miu- 

ute.  emptying  the  chamU  r  in  >ix  ».r  wv«-n  hours. 
Two  dynamos  for  ele<-tric  li^htin-.  and  motors 
ot  tS  none  power  for  gates  and  valves,  are  pro- 
vided for  UM  ordinary  working  requirem.  , 
the  lock*.  The  wotk  of  construction  was  under 
"f  ('ollingwood  Schrie 


.  eniaf  engineer  of  the  Department  of  Kail 
rs  and  Canals.    William  ( 


'rawfonl  was  i 

The  gate  mni-liiii.-ry.  with  the 
ttajtption  of  UM  electric  ,,i 

^ptnoa.   Tbe  total  coat  of  tna  en  tire  work 
wan  about  $4.000,000. 

HaHfSj  Ship  (anal.    -<  •..n.i.loring  the  mag- 
of  UM  interesu  inv  Angular 

year  no  ship  channel  has 
.'  the  East  river  and  the 
••  ,     Duyvel 

Mab  bounds  Manhattan  i'-lnnd  on'the 
•aftb.    Tbi.  tidal  stream  wan  by  nature  onlv 
he  na««age  of  small  boats,  and 
wr  tortuous  in  the  westerly  part  of 
>,  it  WM  evident  that  contly 
i  nacasamry  to  make  it  available   for 
large  craft    Congress  ts*  years  ago  authorized 


theoon-trui  ti»n  <>f  the  canal,  which  was  01 
.11  .Inne  17.  The  cost  was  to  bo  $2,700.<> 
was  to  be  400  feet  wide,  with  16  feet 

|«  ami  "2\    f.-el    at    high    tiile.      The   appro- 

priation  has  not  been  exhausted,  but  ihe\\,.rk  is 

not  yet  complete  acconl in. u'  <<>  the  i-ri-inal  plans. 
Tin-   eanal   lollows   a    <  ur\<d    rmir^e    «•!'  al'-uit   1 
mile  fnun   (lie  llu«l-»ii   to  the   Harlem,  which   is 
naturally    navigable. 
by    dredging,    t"    the    l-'.a-t    riser    pr..pi-r.     The 

difficulty  was  Mari 

at    King's    liridge,  where    a    straiu'lit    eui    I.IHNI 
feet  long  was  made  to  avoid  t  he  n.-it  ural 
of  the  creek.     The  approaches  \n  thi-   r>« -k  ciit- 
ting  were  through  meadows  on  either  side  ..Her- 
ing  no  special  difficulties.    As  lim-hed  tin 
has  15  feet  depth  at  high  water  and  !•  ; 
low  water,  except  in  the  Marlile  Hill  cut.  win-re 
the  full  depth   is   provided.     The   remar 
the  line  Can  be  readily  dredged   t..  the  required 
depth.    One  difficulty  to  be  encountered  in  the 
use  of  this  canal  is  the  number  <>f  bri-L-- 
cross  it.  carrying  the  varinis  railroads  entering 

the  city  from  the  north  and  ea-t.    S..n ' 

are  high  eimugh  to  admit,  the  passage  of  vessels 
having  masts  or  smokestacks  of  con-id.-rablr 
hi-ight,  and  most  of  them  permit   the  fn- 
sage  of  barges.    The  opening  of  the  cam 
the  occasion  of  a  celebration,  more  than  100  ves- 
sels taking  part  in  the   procession   that    passed 
through  the  new  channel.     United  Slat. 
vessels  were  stationed  in  the  Hnd^ni  and  in  the 
East  river,  off  the  outlets  of  1  he  canal,  and  fired 
national  salutes.    On    land  a  parade,    military 
ami    civic,  with   strong  detachments   from   the 
regular  army  and  the  National  Guard,  an>: 
oilieials  representing  the  nation  and  the 

lent    interest    to  the  event. 

Amphibious  \a>  igat ion. —Marine  railroads 
on  which  large  boats  can  be  drawn  fr,,m  one 
water  level  to  another  are  not  uncommon,  but 
-••anen  "  of  ( 'openhairen  i-  t  he  piom-erof  her 
class,  capable  of  self -pro  nul  si  on  on  land  ai 
The  inventor  is  a  Swede,  Ijector  C. .!.  M 
and  the  vessel  was  built  in  Sweden.     SI.. 
feet  long.  Ji  feet  6  inches  beam,  wit  h  a  maximum 
draught    of  :5    feet    (i   inches.     She   js  capable  of 
carrying  70  pasv  ^1  plies  upon  -.' 

P'-nhairen.  the    |-'ure  So  and   the    K.-iruu 
SO.     These  lakes,  which  afford  a  favorite 
sinu.  ure  separated  by  an  isthmus  about    l.HKl 
feet  wi«le.    Across  tHis  a  track  has  been   laid 
with  ordinary  railroad  iron,  dese.-ndin-  into  the 
water  at  either  side  by  an  easy  gradient  of  1  in 
."io.     Funnel-shaped    approaches   are   pi- 
similar  to  those  in  American  ferry  slips  but  "ar- 
rowing  almost  to  the  width  of  the  boat  over  the 
submerged    rails      Tie-  ••  -  machinery 

is  a  so  Her  engine,  the  shaft  of  which  is 

•ted  by  beveled  wheels  with  an  axle  run- 
ning athwart  ship  near  the  bow  and  can 
wlie,-ls  protruding  through    the  bottom  of  the 
boat  and  adjusted  so  as  to  take  t  he  t  rack  of  t  he 
roadbed.      These    are    more    like    rollers    than 
wheels  b.-ingonly  about    1*  inches  in  diameter. 
and  not  intended  to  attain  or  endure  a  IHL 
of  speed.     Another  similar  pair  of  wheel- 
vided   near  the  >t.-rn.  but  these  last  are  merely 
carriers,  not  being  fit  ted  with  driving  gear.    The 
M  approaching  the  land,  heads  .-traiirht  for 
the  slip,  guided  by  the  piles  that  form  the  aj>- 


(UNO. 


until  the  forward  wheels  strike  the  rail. 
r  momentum  start*  h.-r  up 


i:   |        - 

.• 


wncai  power.     1 00  •crew 

nr  nil  (lu-  way  across  the  isih- 

de*rait« 

I  disconnecting  device.    The  Uml 
:•»  about  950  fort  am  ii 

•  -{-..I  h  Maintained  •  "  '•*••  A  »n 

,,i,,i.    o 

•  ,,.!,,     ,,,lr.    the    I.. -i!     Raw 

ng  machinery  I*  disconnect.^,  and 

.„•*  is  i«eui. 

inusoaJly  strong,  to  sustain  the  jar- 
ablo  in  tranaportalion,  but  she  has 
ntt  season,  carrying  aJto- 

iim-t  motion  ..f  concrete 
no  means  n.  ».  n  Ims  experienced 
erevivnl  within  aidi.-rt  tin.,-.     Thr 
I   eeonomi  .m*   appnnntU 

inriit.  ha\ing  lately 

eeartructed  $  monolithk  bridges  over  th.-  \ii>\«-r 
Dtnebc,  ii.-nr  K.  icbtenfttcin.  The  first  of  these 
IMS  »  single  span  of  164  f.t-t,  ami  a  total  width. 
Ting  3  foot  walk-*  and  a  carriage  * 

construction   mar  be  noted.    False  work   was 

-worp  of  the  arch,  and  on 

this  the  concrete  blocks  were  placed  and  allowed 

to  harden.     -  h  was  available  for  one  of 

thr  abutmrnt*:  th.-  OtOCf  •  •  uM  OtUl   bl  •  atll  -1 
tuitural  foundation  by  deep  and 


.It  excavation  t 

'•  this,  pike  were  driven  at  an 

>  degrees  toward  the  bridge  cen- 

;iu  hr« 

•*ater  mark.     Around  and  <-v.r  thr 
••vas  spread  and  care- 
:>liti»iinl    | 

mi    r<|iially  IIIMIII  thr 

*.     Thr  nr« -h   i*   very  flat.  I  ho 

M«-  truth  of  thVfiitan.  nnd 

•  this  arti- 

ttion  stood  eo  firmly  after  the  fahw 

at   thr  actual 
Ic**  than  had  !*••  M  calculated.     Tho 

iiikn.-^  ,.f  the  com  !•  t.-  arch  a:  the  center  waj 

..f  the  arch, 
ave  weight  and  niat«- 

rial.  w,-r«-   mad.-    h.-ll-.w    in  -J   nriei    --f  an  .'  -  -I 
6    i: 

•tie  sides  «.f 

' 

f  stone,    t,  rtland 

•  was  used,  in  t! 

•f  Mnd  and  or  -tone.     Tho 

.ro  and  apiironchcB  was  $22.500. 

lie  par  for  common  laln-r  I  :its  a  day. 

The  c.*t  i*  •  ..id  ami  footway 

:pirt,'  anil 


Kitting  and 


or    bridp*    rrfrrnil    «•> 

tral  pier  8 

.  the  con- 

n  of  whirh  does  not  differ  materially 


from  the  other,  provision  was  made  for  espaa- 
sfe.  nd  •    i.-r.v-     .   ...    Inn  ...,,:..-     • 

ami  spring  of  the  ar 


f. .  i  wide  was  shown  at  the  Ann 

...    l«M.by   th.-   N..nh   l',.rtl.,,,|         . 

Tlir  an  h  «a. 

The  percentage  of  cement  to  sand  and  broken 
stone  was  very  low— 1  to  15  for  the  abutment* 
•»d  1  'he  arrh-but  the  »tru.  turr  was 

i  Trnw  llrldgi-.-TheaVllher. 
ate  breaking  down  of  a  bridgr  in  order  • 
it-  limit-  of  rndumiu-r  and  observe  the  pcrol- 

«biv  never 
thought  of  until  cor 
case  of  a  truss  bridge  over  the  Bnunc 
on  thr  Jura-Simi>lon  Hallway,  of  > 
The  failurr  <>f  n  -iti.ilar  structure  a  few  months 
before,  and  the  increasing  traffic  of  the  railroad. 
1'  -I  th.-  management  to  determine  upon  repine 
.*  bridge  in  question,  and  it  was  dajdsd 
to  see  how  much  strain  the  old  one  would  hear 
after  more  titan  twenty  yean  of  service.    The 
trusses  were  to  all  appearance  rather  light  in 

t  long  and  1»  feet  high- 
Ices  in  height  than  «. 

that   gave   way— ami   therefore  somewhat   Iras 
al.lr.  proUbU.  t..  ,.|,d.,r,.  a  heavy  Mrmir 
April  ;. <u)mg  the  bridge  » 

pm.  i-ntt.  i  and  rails  being  piled  upon  one  half 
roadway,  from  the  middle  of  the  sf«n  to 
one  end  of  the  bridge.    The  work  continued  un- 
til April  24.  when  the  ft  rain  was  reportrd  »t 
ir  foot  of   half    the 

out.  but  the  loading  was  continue.: 

increased  to  0.400  pounds  to  the  linear  foot,  and. 

-h  small  cracks,  increasing  in  nnabfr.be- 

came  visible  at  various  points,  it  was  not  eppar* 

t  who  wat 

events  where  the  break  would  finally  ocru- 
Miinutea  past  n  llap 

that    nobody  could   note 


initial  break  occurred.     Itv  a  most  anforti 
oversight,  no  provision  had  been  made  for 

t..|;rai.hiiigll..-  fall  of  th.    br:.:k-r.  »  n.^ht  ra-.Iy 

haw  been  «" 


done  :  and  thr 
elusion  seems  to  be  that  the  strwrtnre.  to  spile 
Mippoeed  untrust  worthiness,  held  an  ample 
margin  for  Nifelt—  nearlv  thrv«  Umrs  what  fts 

of  the  best  railroads  in  thu  country.    The  u»aal 

tent  of  such  a  structure  is  to  send  acres*  it  f  or 

•mot  ire*,  and  if  it  mdurr*  a  strain 

*«}  pounds  to  the  linear  f.-t  of  n«dway. 

D  within  the  rr^uirr. 

mentji  of  * 

The  Jrddo  Tnnm  I 

coal  mm-  near  llaxleton.  !',     ««.«  flooded  by 
the  invasion  of  surface  water,  which  < 


rapidly  as  to  defv  all  efforts  for  > 

The  works  wrrv  t.n., 

doned.  but  the  topography  of  the  neighboring 

country  was  such  thai  it  was  possible  to  drive 


a  tunnel  from  Butler  valley.  5  miles  distant 
beyond  A  mountain  range,  which  thould  up 
the  flooded  mines.  Work  began  in  1891.  Two 


Ill 


\KKKIN<;. 


±r« 


were  sunk  in  the  intervening  mountain 

U.ih    wit)*    from 

TW 


, 

and  to  a  cowidcrable  I 
of  mm**.  wMefc  had  to  I- 
work  Ml  oo.    The  connection  between  the 
twuMl  MM!  U»  ftooded  mine  «*•  made  by  ,1  nil- 
to*  •  «Mlbr  fc*  for  440  feel,  »hr..uK'h 
,t        nlMiiiil "™  rr"  -  -f  " 

atrr    w»uld    di«*hanp    in    about 
(he  <*4itn«t«l  rat*  bein*  8,000  «llons 
fe 

' 


Th- 
roe* drills  were"  used,  and  fmvite  was  em- 
plofwl  for  bbsim*.  »*  t  hi*  give*  comparatively 
falls  smok»  and  to  leas  violent 

I»protrd  rarrlagr-Roadii.— Few  persons 
najias  what  enormous  engineering  interests  are 
involved  in  the  improvement  of  ordinary  car- 
riajr*  roads,  A  report  lately  issued  by  the 
Unked  Stales  Bureau  of  Agnculture  embodies 
information  collected  by  the  Department  of 
Boad  Improvement  Returns  were  received 
from  about  1.200  counties,  -howinr;  that  the 
average  length  of  haul  from  the  farm  to  market 
or  railniad  i*  12  miles:  the  average  weight  of 
load  for  i  horses,  2,008  pounds;  average  cost 
per  ton  per  mile,  85  centa,  or  $8  for  the  round 
trip.  The  total  volume  of  farm  products  in  the 
United  States  is  estimated  at  2 1 9,821. JJ 7  tons, 
and  at  this  rate,  the  aggregate  expenditure  for 
road  hauling  amounts  to  $650,472.681  per  an- 
num. If  the  avenue  load  could  be  doubled  by 
improving  the  roadbed  the  cost  of  transj>orta- 
lion  would  be  halved.  If  10  \» T  cent,  of  this 
tsjomoui  sum— or.  in  round  numbers,  $50.000- 
000— could  be  devoted  annual! v  to  the  improve- 
ment of  roads  few  would  be  disposed  to  ques- 
tion the  wisdom  of  the  exjienditure.  The  cost 
of  transportation  determines  the  producer's 
profit,  and  the  prices  of  farm  produce,  on  which 
more  than  on  anything  else  the  general  pros- 
peritv  of  the  country  rests,  is  fixed  at  the  .-..m- 

'let,.,  the,, 

tat  ion.  While 
cent  a  ton 
Mtry  roads 

oft«-n  fifty  times  as  much  •  then-fore,  infe- 
rior roadways  make  an  enormous  and  ^.-n. -rally 
•MSJSpuctuil  drain  uj-.n  the  resources  of  the  na- 
tfMk  The  saae  power  that  hauls  1  ton  on  an 
ordinary  country  road  can  haul  4  or  5  tons  on 
hard  roads,  such  M  are  being  constructed  in 
manySUi**  The  introd  i  cycles  has 

batftapowvrful  incentive  f,,r  the  in 
of  roa*U    Manufacturers  of  these  veh.e 

•  reasons  advocated  roadways  fa- 
the  use  of  wheels,  and  the  users 
of  U»  wheels  tlMmselvw  naturally  advocated 
ling  that  would  render  their  favorite  recre- 
wjoyaNe.     As  they  are  for  the 
0  active  in  public  affairs, 
mail*-  iUelf  fph  in  voting 
tUoos  for  roads  in  town  meetings  and 
• :  and  now  that  wheeling  has  grown  to 
•orethan  a  mere  recreation  its  influ- 
«sje»  will  DC  oorrratpondinKly  incmuuKl  in  this 
•ost  taporunt  department  of  engineering. 


aaytb 
atiosi 


High    Buildings.— Modern  construct 
Uiildings  necessitates  extn  n 
in  the  preparation  of  foundations,  and  wh 
is  necessary  to  excavate  to  a  gn-ai  <lc|>tli  m.-r-i.-r 

to  reach  bed   rock  or  so-rallr.l  ••  hanl|>nn  "  the 
,jn.sti«'ii   of  «-x|M'USf   iMfomcM  v.  r\    sorion 

,  "f  c..iixiriictinii  has  IMTII  iiitrinliici-d 
recently  in  New  York   l»y  tlx-  ll\.li-au!, 
struction  Compuny.  \\ith  tin-  jippi-.-xal  . 
,en    as    II.  W,    I'.riii.-k.-rhoiV.  (i.    \l- 
Nulty.  ami  .lohn  Hopirt.  all   mrml»i  ! 

f  Civil  Kn-iii.  .  i-.    It  c..n-1-ts  ..f  in, 
tation  -ralr  «-f    t  h«-  \vrll-klm\vii 

nf  sinking  piles  or  hollow  iron  column^  \>\  hy- 
draulic action.    In  the  ciisi-  of  foundation-, 
in.n  cylind- 

t-  made  «»f  l»oil»-r  iron  or  some  simil.; 
t.-rinl.     They  are  in  sections  of  a  length  t-.  I.e 
OOOreoientlj  handled  and  t  ntnsj.ortcd  on  h 
A  shallow  excavation    i-    made  in    tin-    si 
earth  win-re  the  foundation   is  to  !>••  laid,  and 
the  cylinder  is  stood  on  end  at   the  place  when- 
wanted.      A  set  of  water  pipes  passes 
within  the  caisson  and  connects  with  a 
rated  foot  that  extends  around   the  cut  it. 
edge.    Through  these  piues  and  out  at  t! 
forations  water  is  forced  at  a  prelim-  sull 
to  wash  away  the  earth  under  the  edp-  of  tin- 
caisson,  which  is  ordinarily  loaded  on  top  with 
pig  iron  or  kentledge  n^tini:  on  tinders,  and.  if 
necessary,  an   additional   w.i-lit    i-  provided  at 
the  sides.    As  the  top  of  each  section  i 
the  level  of  the  earth   the  current    is  <•• 
until  the  weight  can  be  removed  and  another 
section  boltexf  on.    Then  the  weights  ar« 
justed,  the  current  is  turned  on  apiin,  and  the 
caisson  eats  its  way  downward.     The  ,,nly  do- 
lay  in   sinking  these  caissons    to  almost    any 
desired  depth  arises  from  the  necessity  of  pr<^- 
viding    against    a    dangerous    presume    from 
without.    So  long  as  the  caisson  is  tilled  with 
water  or  with  earth   pressures   arc  equa 
but  when  these  are  removed  there  is  dan: 
collapse.     To  obviate   this  timUr    frames  am 
inserted  when  the  material   is  rem«.vd    from 
within.    These  are  placed  crosswise  and  tight- 
ened by  means  of  wedges,  an  open  space  being 
left  in  the  center  of  the  caisson  between   the 
timbers,  so  that  «.il  can  be  hoisted  up  l»\  : 
of  a  small  derrick.     Some  care  is  requisite  in 
managing  the  valves  that  control  the  i' 

through  different  sections  of  the  cutting 
In  «nler  to  maintain  the  caisson  in 
tical   po-itioii.      In   one  instance  a  careles- 
man   |M-rmitted   the  caisson    to  sway   about    16 

out  of  iiliimh  by  the  time  it    reached  the 
rock.    It  was,  however,  successfully  st  ra  i  ^ i 
in  about   ten  hours'  work,  by  the  help  of  two 

and    the   use  of   water  jet-    di-<  ! 
t  hp.uL'h  those  sections  of  the  cutting  wipe 
site  the  jack-.     When  the  caisson    i-   fina 
tle<l  to  its  po-ition  on  the  rock,  the  cont< 
removed  and  measures  are  taken   to  make  the 
lower  edge  fit  the  inequalities  of  the  rod 
ment  i«i  poured  in  at  the  bottom,  ami  som- 
on  the  out-ide.    In  case  of  quicksand  or  of  any 
material  that  finds  its  way  under  tin    e<! 
the    caisson,    extraordinary    rn<a-nn-     n, 
times  be  necessary:  but   no  difficulties  1, 
yet  been  encountered  that  have  not  been  readily 
surmounted  by  the  exercise  of  ordinary  ingenu- 


IH 


.™  the  edge  of  the — 

these  have  ordinarily 
flowing  around 
soU  either 

caisson,  until  urugrssa  can 
ion  of 
.i«son  is  so  rapid  that  it  can  • 

vud  from  six  to  tin 

apiece  Is  the  record  for  Kinking  each  of 
caissons,  some  of  which  were  10  fast 

Water  to  the  amount  of  about  50,000  gallons 
*wn  from  the  mains  and  delivered 

r«sure  tramps,  and  a 

^•jrk  is  allowed  t  tank. 

><l  used  over  again.    It  ho* 

ticablc  to  use  one  of  the  cais- 

SDfl«A<  a  M-tllnu'  lank    afl.t    it    h.i>    I-.,,, 

[he  bottom  sealed  with 


w   are  placed  by  the  engineer    m 
tinea  where  the  •tract ural  load 
RThen  all  t  d  has  In- 

n    Mi.-    intrrior  of    the  caiswm   the 


ww    »••      »*• 


Uk 


:&•• 


at  i 
•tjl 


tlllrd  n|.  with  a  concrete,  formed 
id.  and   broken   r  if  pre- 

>!«•  int.  It   up  with 

rv  thui  provided,  reaching:  down 

U    nrr.-H*ur\.  r.   .  t.f.  r.  .-I    \-\    !.'..- 
,  and  growing  hanl.r  with  pro- 
iron  or  steel  caisson  may 
ugh  corrosion  in  th.- course  of  a 
this  is  not  of  thr  slightest  conse- 
stirroundiiiK  earth  must  at  once 
it   dmwr    to  the 


r..|ist  ril-  t  |.  .Ji     ..f 

.••nt  tin-  pr..».|nn 
>rOM  it.s«-lf  II|M.II 
I  riiLMin  «-r».  A 

lluild- 


*::••!    f    • 

Mtttd 
mai  th) 
law*  not 


h  brought 

f  facts  and  opinions  drawn   from  thr 

MiU-r*.  Miinr  of  wh"in 

distinguished.     « »,,,.  ,-. 

uoh  strnctares  is  that  thr  forces  to  be 

ire  not  as  yet  very  well  understood. 

:   partitions 

wise,  particularly  at  great 
(HI-.    n..t    been    •:•  ••  riuinfjd    « itfc    BWl 
>f  resistance  for 
•tir.-.  liko  bridges,  trestles,  and 
tors,  an-  u-tt.-r  umlcnitood.    Tf. 

.    Itvd      Utlllljlirrd 

•  Mir  oaloo- 
„•  engineers  have  not 

building.  :..:-ui»  and  small,  an- 

we,  win  the  large 

sbove  surround  ing  Htrurturv*.  mu-t  !«•• 

uld   MIMII    to   U> 

method   of 

.irlv  adapted  to  resist,  or 
has  been  largelv  over- 

riea  accord 
yet  wholly  understood.    For  instance. 


10.1W4 

rrarbed  a 
'  60  miles  an  I 
time,  but    wa.   far   more  de*t 
rtorm  of  >Un  h  «L  IW,  which  regiatoml  75 
mill-*   an  hour  and   averaged  M  mile* 
period  of  nearly  twelve  hours.    The  first •meo- 
tioned  storm  wa*  from  the  norths**,  a< 
accompanied  by  heavy  rain;  the  other  wa» 
the  northwest,  without    rain. 


SZ 


point  of  observatioi; 
196  feet  higher  than  that  for  thr  flrt.  Allow, 
ing  for  all  these  differences,  the  March  storm 
ought  apparently  to  have  bean  far  more  destruc- 
itan  its  prsdsMssnr.  The  iwoorda  of  tu 
two  storm*  an  Ukm  at  thr  (Vntral  Park  and  at 
thr  1' mied  States  Signal-Service  Mat 

!y  in  all  drlaiU  fieri*  rainfall. 

tods,    Mr.  Just  very  properly  urges  Ihe 
ration  of  more  ex*  I  data  of  thr  total  rr 

f  wind  rather  than  the  maximum  pras- 

•ppsmrs  to  be  that  a  wind   accompanied    by 
dampness  or  by  rain  has  far  more  rtsstnsrtJTSj 

than  one  that  i»  rotn|*r»' 
The  best  modern  practice  in  the  c 
fty  building*  appear*  to  be  to 
outer  walls  and  thr 
together,  utili/ing  floors   am 
mom  u.i.  IM  betvn  •<   . .-  • 
will  IH-  ,l,.tni.ut.-.l   from  one  wall  to 
and  the  whole  structure  be  united  in 

method  should  form  a  far 
ring  structure  than  was 

a  stoat  interior 

framework  proix-rlv  put  together,  the  strength 
of  the  wall*  and  their  power  of  reaistam  • 
forces  from  without  is  enormously  incrcosfd. 

One  of  the  chief  dangers  in  steel  construction 
is  corrosion.  An  instance  is  given  in  the  ca*e 
of  a  I  w  York,  less  than  a  gesjsjsj 

way  for  a  modern  structure,  where  the  ends  of 
the  beams  had  so  rusted  awav  that  i 
could  be  broken  off  with  the  nWrs,    Of 
>ve  process  M  this  must 
r  a  building  less  capable  of  resist- 
ance to  wind  pressure  in  the  course  of  a  frw 
years  than  it  wa»  when  first  completed.  Tbe< 
of  adequately  protecting  steel  be* 
.  an*  propefrj  imbedded  and 
in  masonry,  wan  in«tan<  •  d  in  uoe  of  the  great 
••  »• ml. hue-  in  '  where  an  CXOSl- 

lai.l   bn.k  wall   nearly  4  feet   thi<  k  mm» 
M»  n-odih  (••rmrablr  by  water  under 
violent  wind  pressure  from  nod  heart  storms  that 
a  considerable  flow  of  moiMurr  trickled  down  on 
*idc.    This  was  corrected  by  painting  the 
outside  ..f  thr  wall.     An. 4 her  danger  is  that 
when  the  parts  of  a  steel  stmctnre  do  not  join 
accurately,  as,  for  instance,  whoa  a  column  b 
not  ventral  .-n  being  set  in  position.it  is  too 
a  pract:  workmen  to  correct 

t  fault  by  .inritik'  »  few  nails  undrr 
the  e<lg«  of  the  column  until  it  is  perpendicular. 
or.  whi.  h  i*  a  htllr  U  v.  r.  but  Mill  not  com- 
mendable.  by  Ming  thin  mo.  called 

••  shims'*  or  Ml>utrhmen."  instead  of  nai 
course,  such  makeshift  devices  sat  at  naught  all 
calculations  for  the  permanent  distribution  of 


SKEttlNO. 


Sim*  U»r  .irruntr   i-Th.i- 

.    %.v.      ?..     .         .  .       •-,.'.  f  l-., 

i  lai  •rfstte*  I-  «r  m  U-M  ui«»n  pe 
wiMi  the  building  «* 
Uwee  points  arc  the  first  to 


or 


In    Ib*  ra..r  .-f   the    n^nl    collnjKM 

x  .1  wm.  *h..mn   b/ln*«£j- 

•aihaf  the  disaster  wa»  probalily  chargeable 

:  . .  .  ,  .  <  ,  ..  i  •>...•  -  < 
disiervQt  irrHhf  were  made  to  fit  by  makeshift 
it  i  hat  and,  so  far  a*  was  ascertain  able,  the 
of  the  principal  column  up.-n  it*  base 
I  that  a  collapse  was  inevitable 
,^^r  vr  ,-....  Fortunately,  it  took  place  be- 
fore  the  bu.l.i...^, 

CVmsrientioas  supervision  on  the  |«rt  of  archi- 
tect* entlnnn  and  •!*  seems  to  be 
the  only  guarantee  that  steel-frame  const  ructio,, 

.lit  become  more  and  more  insecure  the 
ws.    If  not  properly  protected,  such 
a  structure  most  necessarily  weaken  by  corro- 
M«*>.  and  eventually  become  incapabi 
ing  excessive  wind  pressure. 
BtrpBirth  of  Brlekwerk.— A  fund  for  ex- 


i*«n  mental  rmmrch  has  been  established  by  the 
Royal  Institute  of  Itnti-h  Architects,  and  their 
fir*  investigations  are  directe.i  to  brickwork,  as 
being  upon  the  whole  the  most  generally  useful 
form  of  mamnry.  The  phenomenal  endurance 
of  brick)*  for  all  crush  ing  strains  has  been  recog- 
ntard  time  out  of  mind,  even  the  scriptural 
r  of  1U1--1  having  been  built  of  brick.  Its 
strength  under  what  may  be  termed  beam 
»tram»  is  known  to  comparatively  few.  A  brick 
wall  about  flftv  years  old  was  available  for  the 
•i«  nt.  which  was  conducted  by  Mr 
.  and  is  described  in  the  journal  of  the  In- 
Mitutr.  The  wall  was  two  feet  thick,  and  an 
••timing  twelve  feet  square  was  cut  through  it. 
Var  the  round  a  lintd  or  bri«lge  of  bricks  was 
left,  reaching  across  the  opening.  At  first  this 
bridge  was  etven  courses  t  hie  k.  but  it  would  not 
bveal  under  all  the  iron  that  could  conveniently 
he  plaml  uj-  n  it.  -.  the  load  was  removed  and 
••nek  wen-  kn.K-ked  off  and  the 
of  thu  Mirmunding  brickwork. 
This  left  four  course*  of  I  n  the  ir..n 

weights  were  replaced  to  the  amount  of  6  tons 
t  hundredweight  and  28  pounds  upon  the  center 
of  this  seemingly  *:.-nd,-r  ^.pport.  The  brick 
beam  carried  this  load  for  thirty  hours  without 
any  apparent  sign  of  giving  way.  W  hen  finally 
a  did  bcrak,  the  fall  took  place  at  night  when  it 
«wld  not  be  observed.  All  the  materials  in  this 
wall  w«e  of  the  beet  kind— the  lime  and  mortar 
wme  strongly  hydraulic  and  the  bricks  hand- 
made,  It  is  not  iikdy  that  average  brickwork 
woeld  stand  anything  like  such  a  test,  but  the 
exptriment  tends  to  increase  confidence  in  brick 
<*  u rr»-™ua  work  of  all  kinds,  provided  reason- 
m»  eareb  taken  in  the  construct  ion  and  in  the 


Especially  is  this  true 
of  modem  VmiMings,  which  are  to 
a  my  great  extent  practically  of  brickwork 

2S*  »!*V  lnr>0  floor  l**m'1-    Tne   pieces  of 
?•"• J"**  "P011  •«*  compowd  are  or  should 
•bap-d  that  they  bind  firmly  togeth< 
to  tbdr  load  by  thnut  as  well  as  by  the 
that  are  covered  with  mortar 


A  Novel  Coal  Hump.—  The  Excelsior  Iron 

.  land  hn\e  hitel\  constructed, 
..f  Tiniothx  l.-'ii::.  a  new  devitr 
fi-r  unloading  •  \\liich  promi^rv  to  I.,. 


'uni:  of  (lit-   kind  Ihu-  far  i 
A  itroilgoylindrical  frame  isc..nstnn-le«l 

ork,  of  suflicieiii   tlinim-i 

allow  an  ordinarx  coal  car  ««•  run   through  n  ,,M 
tracks  that   extend  from  end  to  end  and  " 

.vitli  the  rail-  of  the  permanent  \\ay.     The 
loaded  cars,  as  they  come  ut>. 
run   into  it.  the  \\heels  are  blorked.  ami  | 
fnl  rlii  .ated   by  hydraulic   j.ow.  i 

the    car   along   its    platform     and     framework. 

is  effected  by  a  very  simple  adjustment, 
which  acts  almost  automatically  on  all  cars 
ordinarily  used  for  coal  transport.  When  the 
damps  are  fixed,  a  -et  of  machinery  i-  thrown 
into  gear  and  the  entire  cylin-:  .  roll- 

in-  up  an   inclined  cross  track  until  the 
upside  down  and  everv  particle  of  coal    tum- 
bles out  into  a  chute  below.     The   cylinder  is 
then  allowed  to  roll  back  to  its  origin.-, 
lion,  the  clamps  are  looked,  and  the  cm; 
goes  on  its  way,  to  be  followed  by  a   succes- 
sion of  loaded  ones.     In  a  test  case—  <  Ion  I  .t  less 
prcarranp-d    for  purpose  of  record  —  it  i- 
that  3  fully  loaded  cars  were  diM-har.L'ed  into  rt 
vessel  lying  alongside  the  wharf  in  three  min- 
utes.    "the  whole  apparatus  is  operated 
engine  of  moderate   size,  and  the  services  of, 
only  8  men  are  reouired. 

Laying  a  Gas  Main.—  In  the  course  of  (Ju- 

nction of  the  Harlem  Ship  Canal  it   lie- 
came  necessary  to  lay  a  12-inch  gas  main  across 
and    under   the   navigable    channel    ai     ! 
bridi;*1.     As  the  work  must  necessarily  l» 
marine,  it  was  desirable  to  1'mMi  it  quicklj 
to  interfere  with  navigation  forth,  short. 
sible  time,  and  to  lay  the  section  of  pipe  in  one 
piece,  so  that  water  should  not  find  its  way  in- 
side.   The  problem  involved  th< 
tion  878  feet  long,  weighing  about  50,000  pounds^ 
in  water  20  feet  deep.     By  means  of  a  suction 
dredge  a  ditch  of  the  required  dimensi..: 
cut  across  the  bottom  of  the  canal. 
being  cleared  awaj  from  its  bottom  and  - 
tiling  prepared  for  the  reception   of  th. 
Twelve  pontoons  were    constructed    of 
hemlock  timber  and  painted  with  coal  tar: 
were  each  50  feet  long  and  5  feet  square.    They 
were  arranged  in  pairs  with  rro-<pie«-cs  holding 
them  8  feet  apart     Met  ween  these  pairs  of  pon- 
toons the  sections  of  pipe  were  suspen-: 
that  they  hung  just  clear  of  the  wat 
tral  section  of   78  f'  '    toother,  the 

joint*  being  of  the  Ward   flexible  pattern,  and 
floated  on  its  pontoons  to  the  middle  of  the 
channel,  leaving  spaces  open  for  naviirat 
tween  either   end    and    th  Alon^    the 

shores  2  other  sections,  each  ir>o  feet  ion-. 
floated  and  joined  on  similar  pairs  of  p<  -i 
On  Oct.  18,  at  slack  low  water,  navi-ati 

d.  and  the  2  shore  secti- 

on! till  the  ends  touched  the  middle  section  nl- 
ready  in   position.    Workmen  were  ready,  the 
pontoons  were  securely  anchored,  the  < 
tions  were  made  between  the  H-cti'.n«  of  j.i[*% 
and  ropes  were  adjusted  to  derricks,  which 
on  the  pontoons  ready  for  lowering.     A 
number  of  men  had  been  drilled  to  work  these 


r 


••-re  mark*!  off  with  ml  paint  >., 
,'th».    At  •  signal  earn  man  slacked 

• 


•Itbiml  waitiiiK'  f--r  orders,  he 

« n.  at  the  i 
:•-  aihiMiiitf  th- 

thr  main   ; 

<»t  a 

.  canal.    The  pontoons  were  swung 
.....I  the  blocked  fleet  of 

•  II<1   .AIM. 

that  something  had  gone 

I/UP- 
it  Mveral  lengths  did  not  rest  upon 

•rrr,t  this,  th, 
resorted  to  an  ingenious  and  somewhat 


thr  tu.mH.  -Iriven  by  watrr  power,  ainl  be  de~ 
cided  lo  pomp  tbe  water  .  ittfi  by  MM 

of 


that  * 


in  the  whole  length  of  pi|*« 
to  swing  a  few  inches,  and  ao 
M-if.  Thr  Uftinf  power  of  the  ris- 

•  t  runted  to  d<>  .  tbe  men 

tck  away  when  tbe  word  was 
Iv  thr  Boatinj;  pontoona  rote  with 
d  ai  soon  aa  the  point  was  rea< 
idency  to  BwinK  ?hr  h..|,|- 

•m  the  whole  , 
taalf  gently  into  position,  tin  signal 

•  ropes  were  cast  off,  the  long  pi  IMS 

its  bed,  and  the  mlju-t- 
>  be  j  developed, 

Minn*  pi-  -  '•  "f  fii-in.-.-riii-  jij.j..  :ii-s 
doe  to  Mr«M>.  W.  II.  Hrn.ll. -y  and 

il  V  ir  is  not  enjoying 

<listril>uti<>!i  «.f  |I,.\\,T  MM  the 

itiri'S.      In 

.•ige  Canal 

ipffveaora  force  air  at  work 
pipes  9  or  8  miles  long,  tlistn  I  >ut- 

••  route;  i' 

naare  also  maile  with  small  engines 
onaDorposes  on  tbe  works.  Pn«  u- 
r  appliances  hare  been 
mple  and  convenient,  and  are  com- 
tto  nae.  As  a  refrigerating  metlium 
ret  soils,  wh  •  t.. 

hula,  com pr eased  air  bas  bean 


.in 


nost  remark  able  disooTeries  in  thi> 
one  apparently  destined  to  rrr»v 
«•  most  familiar  marhinrry 
inanu- 

'.«•   "air  lift."     It  was 
<i  1884. 

in  ing  operations  in 
n  under  bis  management 
and  at  the 
,5  shaft  b^ 

I  with  water,  wh:  I*  pnmj-  <i 

air  compressor  was  available  outside 


.     In  th. 

mm  i  .-i1  - 


apparalu*  wa* 
•  tUal  the 


/  H  : 


net  ween 

not  at  first  introduced.  An  iron  box.*  A 
an  upward  opening  valve.  B.  in  it*  bottoti. 
cbarg<  i  m  I  I>.  an  air  \-i\-  »»y  which  the 

compressed  air  was  forced  downward  into  the 

Tbe  box  was  lowered  nearly  to  the  bottom 
of  the  shaft,  and  the  romprsssid  air  forced  u»  at 
the  top  until  nearly  all  tbe  water  contained  in 
the  box  was  driven  out  through  tbe  discharge 

whence  it  fell  into  a  ilrain.  and  ran  out 
of  thr  tunn.-l.  Tl  le  b  exactly  the  earn* 

as  that  of  the  familiar  water  »i|»hon.  or  like  the 
less  popularly  familiar  contrivance  need  by 

-is  in  I*  I -oratories,  known  as  the  Bersrlio* 
washer.  This  simple  apparatus  worked  w*U 
enough  until  a  leak  developed  m  t! 
releasing  part  of  tbe  compressed  air,  which  made 
a  considerable  disturbance  in  tbe  surroondmff 
water.  Thi*  prove*!  to  be  one  of  those  lucky  ac- 

s  that  lead  to  important  discovery.  In- 
stead of  stopping  altogether,  tbe  flow  of  water 

ued  from  thed££irge  pipe  in  iliiutoisbiii 
volume  at  a  height  of  65  feet  above  tbe  leaky 
box.  ami  Dr.  PohK's  curiosity  was  natural^ 

!      .-,    -.        •        ,.-i   ::.,  .     '  :      .    ' 

two  pipes,  as  shown  at  F.  the  new  pipe  being 
prorfiidwitb  an  air  cock.  Wbm  all  «as  raadj 
the  compressor  was  started  and  the  cross  con* 
nection  Opened. a.lmiiting  a 

±  near  tbe  surf  a* 
>  result  was  a  largely 
violent  discharge  of  water  at  the  top  of  tbe  pipe. 
It  was  further  found  that  tbe  expenditure  of 
power  by  the  compressor  pomp  could  be  largely 
ndnced:  while  the  dfaohMM  of  water  si 


creased  in  volume,  though  the  air  pressur*  was 
.If  what  was  required  beforr  the  leak  de- 

the  box. 

This  discovery  called  for  reconstruction  and 
resulted  in  what  is  now  known  aa  the  -  Air  lift." 
A  discharge  pipe  with  a  Ml  mouth  at  it*  end  is 

well  aix!  firmly  flxeilther. 
its  mouth  a»  far  below  the  surface  of  the  water 


m 

•sb 


NEBBING, 


or  practicable.    Beside  thin  is  a 
SSMJMT  rotapfW^I-«ir  j.  '  -wn   (4.  an 

iipul  ilblinns  ami  brut  *••  ihnt 

•sjd  clriivvrs  cnrnprr****!  air  under  the  n 

lewmler  bveuTMrmi,  al  in  the  well  and  in  the 
Jtolhirii  pine.  When  the  oompressed  air  is 
taMdM  fthubbl* 

of  the  discharge  pipe  and  lift*  the  water  above 
it  as  far  *•  it  .an  by  the  combined  force  of  ex- 
and  buoyancy.  Another  bubble  forms 

It    a*    tli.-    water   ni*hc*  in   In-low  bubble 

r  one.  end  add*  it*  lifting  effort.  aasi»ted 
instantly  by  bubble  number  three;  and  -  they 


toeVt7«Mt^otw.taip«iiiff*q. 

Pipe  aiid  expanding  so  rapidly  that  the 

dbaharn  ai  thr  Kurface  b  apparently  oontinu- 
l»l»  operation  <>f  what  may  almost  be 
•  natural  law  win  mysterious  so  long  as 
pipes  wen»  used,  but  working  models 
istrocted  with  gbss  Pipe*,  and  the  ex- 
pleWloa  of  the  phenomenon  became  evident  at 
once.  The  height  to  which  water  can  be  lifted 
depend*  tux »n  the  depth  to  which  thr  Ml  month 
of  the  discharge  pipe  can  be  submerged.  With 
each  an  apparatus  as  has  been  described  Dr. 
Fbhtf  hasDhed  water  several  hundred  f.-t.  i.ut 
he  retard*  150  feet  as  the  limit  beyond  whirl,  it 
b  desirable  to  use  a  series  of  lifts  one  above  t  he 
other,  connected  with  a  common  pipe  for  fur- 
"  air. 


The  great  practical  value  <»f  this  discovery  has 
Dean  generally  recognized  only  within  a  year  or 
two.  Practically  it  overcomes  the  limitations  of 
the  old-fashioned  pump  as  defined  by  atmos- 
pheric pressure,  and  does  away  altogether  with 
the  direct  lifting  appliances  necessary  in  the  case 
force  pump.  At  Asbury  Park,  N.  J.,  a 
trial  wa«  made  in  a  4-in< -I,  well  570  feet  deep, 
which  did  not  discharge  naturally  at  th.  .„,•- 
thr  air  lift  it  discharged  178  gallons 


When  applied  to  a  0-inch  well  near 
which  had  a  natural  flow  at  the  surface  the 
nearlv  four  fold,  and  the 
Thus  it  is  seen  that 
small  power  b  available— either 
or  any  of  the  small  motors  used 
purposes,  or  even  hand  power — 
air  can  be  made  largely  to  increase 
the  water  supply,  and,  in  fact,  pp.'.  id"  running 
water  in  localities  where  it  has  previously  been 
unknown  except  by  the  introduction  of'costly 
waterworks,  PmtWbly  the  most  available  power 
for  thb  purpose  will  |M-f..und  in  wmdmilN.  which 
ran  he  used  to  compress  air  into  reservoirs  con- 
veniently located,  whence  its  own  elasti.  it  v  will 
i. 


While  we  are  on  the  subject  of  comi 
•".  a  device  may  be  mentioned  which  is  ex- 
pected to  bring  the  top  stories  of   loft 

•  •    BXtingobfaers: 

-fore  it  has  been    necessary  to  provide 
'  '  H.e  highest 

i  th*  building.    Thcae  tanks  have  to  be 
ith  water,  and  kept  full,  and  in  case  of 


ratter  the  head  pressure  b  not  suffi- 
flleM  to  thmw  an  effective  stream.    The  new 


stream.    The  new 
^lnmi  systei. 


a*  been  placed  in  several  large  bu 
series  of  drams  b  provided,  each  5  feet  in  diam- 


eler  and  »  f  --nimble  of  resisting  an  in- 

!  V.MM)  pounds  to  the  square  inch. 
A  serviie  pipe  runs   from  the  end  drum   to  the 
top  of  the  building,  with  hose  ami  the  nc. 
applianeeton  each  Moor.     Into  these  drum 
pressed   air 

ti.ity  indefinitely,  the  attendant-  in   lin- 
ing have  nothing  to  do  but  turn  on  \ 

9(  rful  -I  ream  i-  at  once  a\ailabl«. 
Tin-,    it    is   calculated,   will    continue    |,,r  about 

.   minute-,  by  which  time  the   • 
iin-iit  'should   be  on  hand,  when  the  en-n 
can  be  attached   to  the  drum  and  the  -upply  of 
water  kept   up  as  long  as  it  is  needed.     'I 

•  i-  under-tood.  i,\   (|u. 

ii-lcrwritcr-  in  Ne\\    \ 

\    Neu     Sectional    Side    launch    l»ock. 

launching  of  vessels,  seagoing   and    oil,. 
sidewise  instead  of  endwise  i- not  un«.mn 

the  Great  Lakes,  and  several  permanent 

launching    wa\-    have    been    constru 
first  of  thi-  kind  on  the  .Mi  — i  — ipj.i  ri\. 
few  mill  -    I'dow   St.    Louis.      It    i-   n-i-d   mainly 
for  th»-  construction  and  repair  of  rivei 
which  are  Mat-bottomed,  seldom   drawing  more 
than  4  feet  of  water,  and   of  such  \sidth   that 
ordinarily  they  do  not    m-ed  to  be  shored  up. 
Steamers  of  1,000  tons  burden  have  I 
on  this  dock,  some  of  them  MO  feet   !<•: 
feet  wide,  ami   »  feet    in  depth  of  hold. 
il   -lope  is  formed  of  heavy  timber 
shod  with  in.n  s  inch.-  wide  and  forming  tracks 
for  the  iron   wheel;    that   support    the  ci 
other  wheels,  running  on  each,  side  of  th< 
keep  the  cradle  wheels  on   the  tracks.     At    the 
up|H-r  end  of  the  sloping  wavs  is  a  long  iron  ,-r 
steel  shaft  running  the  full  length  of  the  dock, 
and   above  this  a  counter-shaft    with   .-; 
wheels  carrying  a  heavy  iron  chain,  which  con- 
nects with  the  cradles.    The  large  chains  known 
as  the  carriers  have  links  0  inches  lot 

*  iron.    These  follow  the  sides  of  th< 


extending  under  water  and  passing  around  pul- 
leys at  the  lower  edge  of  the  framework. 
the  water  is  deep  enough  to  float  any  river  craft. 
When  a  steamboat  or  "tin  r  <  raft  is't 
the  cradle  is  allowed  to  run  down  the  wav 
it  b  submerged   to  the   required  depth 
the  vessel  is  floated  unon  or  over  it,  the  -haft  i- 
ed.  and  the  cradle  emerges  easily  from  the 
carrying  its  load  up  the  slope!     Adjust- 
ments are  made  to  guard  again-t  any  possibility 
of  unequal  motion  among  the  cradles  when  the 
shaft  is  revolving, and  it  isfmind  that  the 
of  river  steamers  may  be  safely  and  cxpedr 
handled  by  this  machinery. 

I  Iretriein    lor   i;ie\;,le,|    lloa.l-.     ' 
has  taken   the   lead    in   the  application   • 
tricity  as  a  motive  power  on  the  elevate.: 
A  number  of  the*-  lines  were  con-l rue-ted 
the  ( 'olumbian  Kx  posit  ion.  and  did  excel  lenl 
ice  with  ordinary  steam  rolling  stork  durii 
crowded  period. "Since then  they  ha\> 
a  loss,  and  the  electric  appliance-  have  been  intro- 
duced partly  with  a  view  to  dirnini-h  CM 
partly  to  attain  higher  s|K?ed.  and  partly  to  [ 
of  much  of  the  du-t  and  noi-e  incident  to 

..     The    tracks    in    use    for    the   electric 
motors    are    laid   with    00-pound    T-raii 
securely  bonded  to  the  supporting  -trueti. 
third  or  trolley  rail  is  a  45-pound  T-rail  placed 


i.  AMU 


I  : 


«M  aide  of  the  track  rail  is 

paraffin,  and  thwr,  in  turn,  rest  on 
•  pedestal*  without    f  iAltoii  than 

n-.    on  Hi,  •etropotttafl 

•nlrol- 

l»  di-tK-r*  U-n..-  •:.  "  •       n..  i     off  tiafOH   .n. -1 

f  i  h<-   pi nt  form,  each  oar 

rying  a  S-borat-power  motor  and  a  small  air 

• 

von*.    The  motor  care  are  used  as  smoking 

>gnlar  passenger  cars  bav- 

blftiwei  PI  Uing<  tpacili      It, 


about  0  mile*  long,  lit*  in  the  track  of  «*»t»itr 
tt,,i  !..  MM  rteni  •  '  iram  Atta  •.       .      . 


2,000  volta,    Theae  are  mounted  in 

.  I    th.-  .urn nt   is  taken  from  the 

••f    tl»«-    •  af.       '1W  f 

oe*  are  made  to  break  joints,  so  to 

that   where    IntamptiOM    •  •<•  ur    at 

twitches  one  shoe  i>r  will 

contact  with  the  trolley  rail. 

.  a  train  ooneisfs  of  4  cam. 

plant  IB  believed  to  contain  the 


is  can  readily  be 


UMy    the   largest 
radflc  in  UM  world,  oertaii 

up».     It  . 

vork  on  the  bars  in  the  channel  and 

The 
ensions  of  the  float  are,  1 

t  s  are  8,000  horse  power, 

f  6,000,000  gallon*  an 

mk.  a  .tit  through  an  ordinary  river 

must  be  removed.    To  accom- 
urs  a  machine  mu»t 
at   least  1.600  cubic  Yards  an 
xl  that  tunler  favorable  •• 
:ion»tJn>  nm<  Inn.-  .  an   m-urly  i|»ul>li-  that    |-r 

f    the 
IH  n#  follow*;  In  fr  lloat  are  6 

•  in  iliani. 

These  rest  side  by  side,  and  can  be 
;  dowvwaid.    Mai  i 

«Mt«  tli.in   to  r.v..lve  at  will,  each   nU 

they 

"*n  the  *»il.  cliiiniin^   it    int«i   n 

•hi-n   |»IMII|HMI  up  thr 
pi|N-*  attach^:  |.unn»c  t 

is  done  by  9  ii 

Tifuciil    iMiinps.    wh  r   I  ho 

•  \^-<l   into  larger  pipes  and 
'"  at  «  v  be 


miles  off  shore,  midway  between 

nnd  .Martha'.  Vii.rj.rd.     It   i*  I 

thing  of  A  •ununer  resort,  but  until  A  f.  w  yrar% 
ago  wa>  inhaluiMl  only  by  fishermen.  It  has  no 
nai.ir.1  h.M-r.  And  tne  boats  need  by  the  |s> 
habitant*  had  to  br  hauled  up  un  the  bench  by 
means  of  turkrf.  usually  operated  by  oien.  The 

divided  by  Great 

i.  «.|«r.!»l  from  the  ocean  on  both Vidri 
..id%  l.>  narrow  Mr.p 

km  i  n.-mn.uM,       •      r«e  f..« .-   ran  i     • 
•«t  »—-:-  -f  rooekWrabk  sjs* 

Uork  has  thu-  f.u  I-.  ;.  §  -.,  Bj  UN  UPSSJSJ  sj 
lh,  Sfal,  ,.f  Kh.-l,  |-:«i.d  •  .  MI:  -'.:•' 
the  Unit.^1  Stair,  Knjrmr.-r  r-rj-.  n 

from  the  drtjanment  has  made  a  survey 
*  f  the  harbor,  and  retmrted 
ening  the  channel  to  86  feet, 

EV.\N«.l  I  l«   M    \SSIM  I  \nn\.    Tbeeta- 

<irnrnl('on»fWMtOf 

had  suffered,  while  the  reduction  in 


in  favor  of 
feet,  and  widening  it 


.luill|.|t!- 

••  dredge  can  be  moved  in  n- 

onchor  spads. 
An  int.>reetlDg  instance 

r:\[  fratiin-<  to  the  rvijuirvtneoti 

is  f.Min.l   in  A  work  lately  cora- 

•  he  coasts  of  Rhode 

Wand   and    i  on.uv:  tis   little    island, 

TOL.   XXXT.— 17  A 


Ohio,  nasalised  a  gross  nrofll  of  $818.1 19  in 
AI>,  and  iif  m-i-ipt*  during  that  period  had 
innrr  than  in  the  iirrcrtlmgquadrrn- 
mum.  >,».-.•  it  u«*  .n-  ! Kft«, this coocrrn 

had  disbursed  $879.797  to  ani 
>  publications  had  an  i 
tion  of  888.106  copies.    The  bi 

Qrtemberg. 

apportioned  from  the  profltTo?  the  . 
house  in  dividends  among  the  annual  co 
The  missionary  receipts  for  the  past  year  had 
been  $  135.538.  and  the  total  receipts  fof  the  past 
'••are  $648.774.  while  the  eipet 
(i r  years  had  been  $600JW9.    The  mission- 
ary moneys  were  divided  between  the  Home 
Missi.  .pean  and  Japan  Mission 

funds,  for  wlm-h  «*  p« rate  aooounts  are  kept. 
All  the  missions  were  represented  in  the  addnei 
of  the  bishops  as  bring  in  a  prosperoe*  «odWosx 

•  r»  newly  received  during  the  year,  while 
*ions  had  been  changed  toragnlar  slat 
and  40  new  misaions  haTlbeen 

ri.-.  un.l    11,^'   MfAbtr^  •-.•« 

reoetveddmr^  th,  >,-.r. :  i,,,^,..i..  ,11.1.^1  t., 
regular  stations,  and  I  new  mission.  Of  the 
whole  numUr  of  membrrs  rrturned.  1I.1TJ 
the  European  missions  in  Germany  and 
Switzerland.  The  Japan  conference  retunxxl 
17  i^toral  rhargea,  19  • 
.:  \  •  .1-  -  .  .1:  •:  ?.'7 

irmber*.    A 


l.\JI<-|>^«ll        IHIIV* •  H« 

osanilVaUaMOfJniT&v 

TheYounglVonVsAlli- 

,         :  • .  ' ,        •  . 


oontnUihot 
amounted  to  fA 

Aasorgnnitrd  in 
with  7<8  local  alliances  and  86,748 

rrt  annual  conference    met  at 
Elgin.  111..  • 


MM 


NTS  OP  1W8. 


MtoW»tl»elNMMr  of  lhe"time  limn.".  r  the 
,»rtodd^n*wMSiaminiPUrcan  be  * 

•  and  ^appointment  t..  the 
t  hire  to  four  yean; 
commission  to  revise  the 
hm-iplin*.  who»  work  is  to  be 
J   f(>r    approval    nnd    ^lamination     t<> 
asjsjJMT  leifer  oorotnmcr.  and  then  reported  to 
Ike  Beat  Qemral  tVnfm  --  *u~  *-•""•" 
a*  ITMlisii  imi  s  trr  ---  p-|—  f"r  tlu'  Young 
ftopA  Allianrr:  ami  the  adoption  -' 
fork?  rvprvMtation  in  the  QtMCtlOopfi 
«i  tC  harts  of  oot  la?  doJogifn  for  each  anno*! 
-ferem  haviaf  tSOO  menibens.nl  ' 
o*»  bavin*  fuOOD  •embers.  but  no  < 

•       ...   -,  •,'.:     :.    ...l,:.,,!^    i-   - 

,  formed  intodiMrn  -is. 
th«  same  regulation  as 
»hi.-h   lire  entitled    to 
Lay   delegates  were 

qual  right*  with  the  ministerial  delegates 
•sect*  in  the  trial  of  nnni-tcr>.  the  n-.-rj,- 
oandklatf*  into  the  n  ">••  ordination  <>f 

»ini*«rr>.  and  the  transactions  of  annual  <-<>M- 
tramsooooMrning  trials  of  ministers,  cjuali- 
ioatkm  for  election  to  be  lay  delegates  was 
limit™!  to  male  members  of  at  least  thirty  years 
of  age  and  of  seven  years'  standing  as  members 
of  the  Krangrlioal  Association,  and  who  "  have 
proved  themselves  faithful."  A  commission  was 
appointed  to  prepare  nonresident  and  corre- 
spondence courses  of  study  and  reading  for 
preachers,  supplementary  to  the  regular  course 
for  junior  preachers,  in  English  and  German,  and 
a  course  of  reading  in  German  an«l  Kni;lMi  in 
the  various  departments  of  knowledge  adapted  to 
the  young  people.  Propositions  to  make  presid- 

ers eligible 


ing  elders 


for  only  two  term-  in  suoces- 


efcm,  to  insert  a  question  concerning  membership 

oath-bound  «H  list    ,,f 


aoastions  addressed  to  candidates  for  license  to 
the  ministry,  to  question  such  candidates  con- 
cerning their  use  of  tobacco,  and  to  make  the 
presidents  of  the  colleges  ex-officio  members  of 
the  General  Conference  were  not  approved.  To  a 
rsottest  for  a  definition  of  the  relation  of  baptized 
inUnts  to  the  Christian  t  'hun-h,  the  General  ('.  .n- 


i  responded  that,  whereas  the  membership 
of  such  children  was  divinely  recognized  and  the 
Kr  angelical  Association  had  receiv<-<l  them  fmm 
the  time  of  its  organisation  and  had  made  pro- 
vision for  their  registry  and  enumeration,  no 
farther  action  was  necessary  to  explain  its  posi- 
\  rule  was  adopted  that  no  preacher 
•aould  be  permitted  to  remain  longer  than  two 
without  appotetmeot 
favoring  divorce  on 

owUeal  froonds  only,  and  wcommen.ling  the 
Urmooixlng  of  the  divorce  law*  ,,f  th«-  .lilferent 
teuson  a  sound  moral  basis;  pledging  opposi- 
^  toaUeocroachments  upon  the  sanctity  of 
aUi;eipr«ssiniciit 

of  dealing  witg  the  liquor  traffic  that 
'lor  iU  motinuanoe,  ir,i   warning  all 
traffickin     it. 


years  in  the  itinerant 
1U*ii4utkiui  were  passed 
owUeal  froonds  only,  an 


.     -..,,_     H 

uoatlnff  liqoon  of  the  penalties  prescribed 
tfcew  in  thr  I-  ;   ciuin-h; 

•wMgrnntrnanrinK  the  use  of  tobaoc< 

to  acquire  a  liberal  and,  if  noieflMe.  i 


•gel,  and  William    Horn,  bishops  for  tho 
\«-ars,  were  re-elected  for  unotlu  r  tmu 
..f  four  vrars. 

MINIS  01     IM>:».     Thr  y. 
\vith  a  great  war  in   progress  in  tin    I 
Hemisphere,  and  several  lesser  wars  nu<i 

us  elsewhen-  i r  dir.rilv  involvn 

ii   and  Wiv»ti  in   mtrivMs.     It   do-. 

.lapan     tin-     >t     fornil'lal>lr     of     tin-    n 

fSJ   \Mth  an  allied  KiiMpeaii  ll«  , 
within  easy  reach  of  tin-  hardandl.- ;  \\itii  ihe 

iii-uri.  !..rer-   in   Cuba   ihr.  ;,t.  inn-   liie 

a|.|'ioa<'|irs  tO  lla\ana.  tin-  Spaiii-h  capil.i 
an   aniM-ii   but    unaiit  hori/ed  I'.nli-li  im.i-i'.ii   of 
the   T'  .11    South    Africa;    and    a 

crave   diplomatic    enmpliralinii    U-twren 
Britain  and  the   United  States.     Tin-   n. 
plorable   conditions  of    the  year  ha\e  Oei 
al-out    Armenia    in    Asin    Minor,    « 
thousands  of  C'hri-t  !•«.,,    nii 

murdered  by  Moslems  in  spite  of  pi 
the  civilized  powers  and  seem iiiL'ly  in  delil 
defiance  of  half-hearted  measures  ««f  r<'|  : 
on   the  part  of  the  Sultan.     On  the  whole.  ||U. 
year  seems  to  mark  a  transition  period 
than   the  realization   of  any  great    mo. 
toward  a  higher  civilisation. 

January  1.  New  V<.rK  f  the  Le- 

nt Albany;   Hamilton   Fish  chosen   Speaker 
Assembly.     Kaunas:  Anderson  Grey  nentenc. 
hanged  for  having  coinmitted  a  murder  by  Ir. 
ing  another  man.    Dispatches  from  eastern 
confirm  reported  massacres  of . \rm«- ni:m  chriMians. 

Senators  N\  loi*4l 

M.-Millun.  of  Michigan,  re-elected  l.y  the   K<-nubW 
ana.     England:  A  committee  of  tin    I1 
reverses  tne  decmion  of  tin-  «'anadi;m  Supri-un 
in  the  Manitoba  school   cow,  giving  t! 

nment  power  to  legislate  in  b«-half  <>r  the  Boqfl| 
Catholics.  Russia  and  Kn^lund  airree  upon  an  snjKl 
able  settlement  of  the  I'amir -li-p  y:  MAl 

Iznirlian    confirmed    1'utrian-h    »f  Am. 
grants  amnesty  to  purtieij-ai.t.-  in  the  lute  rebellion. 

8.  Washington:  The  President   nominate*  • 
Norman    Lieber  to   Ix;   ju-L 

the  army.    Gecnv  •   h**wl 

Democratic   gains.     Maine:    United   States   SenaW 
Fry  unanimouHly  rsnominatsd  by  the    i 
Ban  Franoiso  ration  organ 

a  crusade  against 

istria :   The    Government    protests   againsfll 
/mating   duty  impoHcd  b^v  the  United  8f^H 
tariff  u  nlnst  treaty  nglits.     Turkey     Ti;.- 

"M   p..\vet>  "under  the  Berlii! 
for  protection  against  Great  Britain  and  1 
garu  t<»  An 

5.  WashinL't-n:   A  meet  inir  "f  Cabinet  officer*  e^H 
sidcrs  the  Gennau  j.r».ti-M.H  uirainst  alleged  tn-a 
lations  on  the  pnrt  ot'ttu-  Cniled  States.    .'   .M>  l'>  rr,-. 
M.  I'..  •  kill  f-r  h"i,..       I  ranee 
Captui'                        ! 'the  army,  is  publicly  de^radH^H 
Paris  for  having  sold  Fren.-h  mil/ 

cign  govern  menu.     Itwl 
ment 

6.  Washington:  The  publi 
archive*  in  the  mModv  of    • 
mended  by  tlie  Becretarv  of  state.    r:i 

tor  scandalises  tne  public  by  a 
•rtuiu'   man  as  police  conn 
San  Francisco. 

7.  Tennessee:  Senator   Ish;.-  .    G.   If 

nated    by    the    DeiiKK-rutH.     Kngland :    The    KfNl 
Yacht  Squadron  agrees  to  tin-   t« -nns  of   the  New 
York  Yacht  Club  for  an  international  yucht  ? 
September. 

8.  Chicago :  Debs  and  his  associates  of  the  . 


•ram  ot 


Onion  an  eommUtad 


•   ll    •  •• 

..f   •>  n.j  v. .'.  .    i      •;.. 

f  l.llr.|     'Mat..        Hal..,    . 


f      •      - 

Korea: 
wither** 
.     Wm 


»ed  by  the  pottw  to 

raott  a  atMaatf  ^1LJU_I_ 


«:       It,  AVa^Uiftoo:  T!M  PreaUott  Me»iaato»  Jem* 

„.».,,,     r.M,.-    .     ..  ."..     :    ...     IM    ............ 

,,      ,   v    j  ,  ...  .....  .     ,   .          .  -  . 

p  ?..  rbrea.1     i:  -  \     .................       -._... 


i 


blicane.    <  uuiitn»ti:  An-h 
-•    •    |«pal   deci 

I1."    la,  .-•   :  x   Md 


to  Uil  in 

the  Sugar  Truat  la 
blnalion.  JiMiee  llarlan 

~i'i. 


V     p...       ::,:-,,        • 


&  O 


MlPlMliuinl  amondmont  granting 
paoMa  the  Senate  without  .. 


u. 

.      \:  •  •       •.. 


hi.  ..nlcml  the  militia 

to  lr»  opon  a  mol 

•Ufhter.    Koaua: 

MMV  of  thr  mition.1  r^t.val,  the 

ibtributinir    hooom     Oermany:   Chancellor 
ote  Ttaha  Prince  Bwnarvk  «t  Fri^lriohaljfc, 

of  ..  .  t  bv  the  Baron  Bmiiffy,  who 

t  a*  Premier.    Belium:  Sixteen  anarchbta 

.-c.    France: 
of   the 


IM   i  •.  -.  . 

n-U».l.,lll,l,tf    tJ.r    ,.,..h,».;t..r»     la-     ',  •    . 

aar  •""•  - 

•1  the  Treamnry  to  coin  ailver  bullion  in  atandard 

:-..,.  ... 

•••*  found  in  the 

•ft.  Nebraska:  The 
OOOfWMedfordUtrea.ed-f.rmom.    Paklaai :  A  Tto- 


. 

doll.m 


Pnu»ia:  The        M.     ' 


lent  Qium-l  .tnber  of  iMHiti-  betwea* 

atholic  and  Social*  i«rti«;  the  tt«*dea*  of  the 


reada  a  speech 


Chl 


Haaall 


ua)  conference  of  the  Board 
lieaincuri  and  relifkm*  aajoriationn 

ovention  of  the  American  Chrooo- 
K  iaraea  a  decree 


.?nj,,n,-   ut,i  •   binOto/E 

federation  U  held  at  Melbourne,  the  CQef  J«i 

\'l«-ff«%Ptai     Jiraial  illn   •        ait^l      ffKM      fHaaaaamlaavlam    4aaf    ffaiaaw 

....  ....  * 

Walea,  South  Aurtralia,  and  Victoria  beta* 


•all...,,  and  Dolph    nr,- 
ma  of  lUwoia  and 

«.l..,.t,,i  »•%  OH  LefiaUtun      Waak 
of  error  denial   in   tin-   I»t-l»    I-»M- 

reme  r«.uri,  but 

•  "*  n-turnol'U-  Jan.  2£.    In- 

breatened  bread  war  t»rinir»  tl»«n  t».-- 

•    becauM   the    l»iwident 
•flfrndem.    ltal\  : 

|>n«,,.it..r.  -...     -  ...  •     .     •  -  » 


'  .  the  Govern* 
v  employees 
-  u*  irport  to 

O-^aiMh*ia%tila»   ^     I*    *»* 

•    .  .    •     •    • 

France:  The  new 
omofe  to  form  a 
,  Canada:  A  bread 


lyn:  The  trolley  rtrike 

fjaae-worka  etriken  and  troopa  oallad  out  to 
order.    Balt 


Baltimore: 

id  Order  of  B«na 

Idaho:     minbcrybannottt»ced,M.  Ribot 
urv  portfolio  a.  we! 

•    •        > 


•Ddortake*  to  arbtouto 

i,-..a     Brooklyi    -\\.< 
readln- 

1 

to  the  Chamber  of  Deputioa. 

...  .  , .. ,  .» 


• 


d  Stotot  Biartmr   Bornr  r*- 

•        A       Kill      •^•^aa^wl      taaMlaWtflll^ai-Bl 

•     •    ••   -.';..    .    :v.  ..... 

-  Whiaky  Truat*  by  the  Federal  Court.  San  Fran- 
cbco:  It  te  dbcoremi  that  the  wfll  of  the  late  ox- 
Fair  baa  heeavetoka  ffom  the  uiunty  derk>i 


EVENTS  OP  1808. 


widow  of  the  frncral, 
8o*lh,and  reeetvea  • 

'A        .        •     ••      -. 

Ill  ft  000- 

0f 


tTArUwu:  ttaaked  robbers  hold  up  .Southern 

•  .—v  and  seoore  some  $10,000  in 

.iiual  convention  of 

t  Woman's  Suffrage  Association,  Susan 
in  the   ehair.    Chins:  The  Japanese 
Chinese  stronghold. 

The  tariir  question  muses  the  resignation 
of  the' Cabinet    Fran-  .cal  amnesty  bill 

•Jl|lii    In    the    Senate.    Colombia:    Cover 
noons  gain  a  victory  over  the  insurgents.    IVru: 

Frisreary  1.  Washington,  D.  C. :  Lawrence  Maxwell, 
Soiietor-Ueneral  resigns;  Holmes  Conrad,  of  Win 
•heater.  Va,  epprintod  his  successor.     Wash 
i):  rmitieseiiMn  John  L.  Wilson  elected  I  < 

•  I,.--  ..-.•,         V   ,:      ...  :   ,-    .: 

•Green  reigns;  Sir  William  Whiteway 

S.    N«  .nferencc  of  Assistant-Sec  r 

of  the  United  States  Treasury  with  foreign 
regarding  a  new  bond  issue.   Brooklyn : 
t  of  the  trolley  lines  vainly  requests  permis- 


ekm  to  arm  his  employees  to  resist  further  violence, 

JL  Chicago  :  At  a  meeting  of  the  Order  of  Railway 
Cusalortuni  action  is  taken  renouncing  connection 
with  UM  American   Railway  Union.    Japan:    The 
s  are  requested  to  withdraw, 


striken 

•  -1"  Al'i«T!in-fi 


ble  at  the 

e-  a  rc.H<>- 


panies  (this 


annollintf  the  franchises  of  the  trolley  com 
(this  action  was  sabaeqoeoUy  vetoed  by  the 


The  Supreme  Court  decides 
who  declined  to  U  - 


..;/  .:%v:':;;.J.: 

Ike  matter  of  the  Sugar  Trust.    Argentine  BepuBUc  : 
In  UM  general  elections  the  Kadfcals  secure  large 

k  Chienfo:  The  Home  Saloon  Association  opens 
UM  tm  of  Us  refectories  where  none  but 

.      .      .     ..,.     ..    ......    ....    ...... 

free  for  UM  use  of  patron.     North  Carolina :  Annual 


an<l  Io.lu.H- 

':.:.   .,•„.  •/ 


UM  use  of  patron* 

of  UM  National  Ksrmn 

1       .'     ;'. 

Germany  :  The  Economic  Union  urges  Oov- 
lo  call  a  biro*  • 

hington:  The  President  decides  in  favor  of 
in  tiM 
the 


oath  as  Governor  at  Ns»hvillc  anil 
hb  claim  to  the  olttce  in  r 

An  attempt  to  n-organize  the  Re- 
I-« v  .t  <olumMa>asMmbled  125 delegates, 
•bite*    Australia:  A  confer' 
at  Uoban  approve  the  fedcra- 

/i-lature  ex- 
.    rk  -.  A  bill 


•My  prohibiting  sparring  ex- 


-  "fi  -^"»  ww««i  »•  iiite  elected 

•  '     • 

— ieea  Its  intention  of  con- 
to  s  want  of  work  in  the 


China:  Two  Chinese  war  sh 
.    Wei  by  the  Japanese,  chili.  South 

I    I.  ill  lor 
•  t  j-ajMT  n 

n\  iKuiiinnti--  1     II. 

B  [ndlotment  «-t' 

eral  of  '  'liin:i  :    l-'urtlii-r 

..-,  :,.,  Mt.      :!    \\,  i    Mai    W,-i.    tl.r.T    ,,,,,n- 

war  ships  sunk. 

••    Hawaii:  A  court  tnartinl  imj>o«js  the  deatl 
tenoe  upon  several  loiul<  m  in  the  lat. 

10.  Colombia,  South  AIM.I 

of  insurgent  troop*  *  urn  n.  I.  r  :  -         •ninriii. 

11.  The  President  announces  in  a  message 

that  the   Bering  Sea  regulations   are 
flcient    New  York  :  Arrival  <.f  the  overdue  * 

aiitli'-ri/in.-  r<  move  heads  of  < 

-.aii-l  :    .I'.lni     Uf.liiniinl.   tl 
leader.  Hill  >u  lit  >  an  amciKlmrnt   a.-kiinr  that  I  i 
tion  of  home  rule  !•«•  Mil>m; 
bv  ao  votes.    (i<Tinany:  A  majority  of  t 
adopts  a  measure  to  grunt  i>ay  an<l  travel 
to  members,    chili.  Booth   An.«r 
lecides  to  buy  all  railroads. 

12.  Chicago:  A  IH-\V  trial  <>t'th<-  Debs  case  < 
becauiM1  <>t'  a  jur»r'.s  illn.-s.     Ohio:  Meeting 

.  .1:  Ci.hunl.il 

hany  :  Hill  C-"-k.  the   n-t-.r, 
tcnced  to  forty-five  yeur»  in  tin-  poniu-ntiur.1 
nois:  The  shortage  of  $860,OO>  in  th«  sn. 
accounts  refunded  by  tin    hanks   that 
bonds.    Brazil:  Celebration  a)  Ui<>  in  h"n->r  .  • 
1   icvrlaiulV   «h-.-i*i..n   in  the   houmlary 
,1:  Tin-  I.nr.1  Mayor  ..f  Duhlin 

unions  to  release  Iri-h  <lynannti  j  • 

iuli.HU  dufuatod  in  com 
elect! 

Brooklyn:  hallway  f)fti«-ials  itulictc.l  t'-u  . 

violation  of  the  ten-hour  law.     China:   Final 
der  of  the  fleet  and  the  remaining  frit*  nt  W 
Wei  to  the  Japanese  :  wvi-ral  <  'hinewj  offlcern  I 
rommand  connnit  xuici'lc  in  nnticipatior. 

by  the  Imperial  Government  because  ot 


14.  North  Dakota:  Dcfcnt  of  the  pro|> 
Hiihinit  the    j.rohil.itioii  amendment.     Ohio: 
MilrruMc  nuiiilH-r  of  Knit'lits  of  I.uln.r  w<-« 
the  General  Assembly  at  Columbus  an<l  on.'. 
the  Independent    Knu/htH.     England  :  The  Houseof 
Common^  r«-jeet.s   hy  a  •  i"  111  the 

to  reoonsider  the  dynamiters1  >ent. 
international  silver  conference  is  ur^-d  ' 
of  Kn-in-h  AtTiculturifts.  whieh  di 
bimetallism.     Mcxieo  and  (iuaten 
Kettletiu-nt    of  tlic    hoiindary   dispute    i- 

Mavaaohnaetta:  By  a  vote  of  8  to  8 
mittee  on  woman  V  Hiiffratfc  rejM.rts  in  it- 
York  :   A  committee  of  the   Legislature 
vcstigate    the    Hr<K,klyn    Mrike.  for   parti.  -i|':i- 
which  already  heen   ii 

many:  In  the  R(  !..p<,Mtion 

for  an  international  monetary  '    'lonnB 

at  Bo- 
gota announces  the  revolution  at  an  end. 

•it   apjH.int- 

D.   Whij.pl.-.  IVi-h-.p  .,f  Minnesota,  at*   . 
the  Indian  commission  in  place  of  Charl 
deceased       !'>ro<.klyn  :    Kniirhts  • 
call  off  the  i«trik«-  on  the  tm! 
Hy  an  overwhelming 
• 

of  805  to  -jo;,  the  Chiim1 
for  the  separation  ..f  Churel, 

17.  New  York  :  The  Morgan-Belmont  Bond  ^B 
dicate  deposits  t22.ooo/MKi  in  the  Snl.tn  -asury.    JP^ 

• 

Vnnenia:  i:«  port.-  of  fur- 
ther strocitien  by  the  Turku. 

18.  New  York  :  Thomas  C.  Platt  organizes  a 


EVENTS  OF  16* 


ft  ; 


•on,  of  v 

Xnmri 

••lltfht     An  rti.rr«i  tmi 
oelety     ViffittU 

'    .  • 


of  New  Vork     Elbe  diaortar  at  LowaafcWt     Cuba: 

r;:'^.-r:,;,r"'-' • 

~sBtrtB  juEns 

to  th «  Queen  ^    eommander  of  t h < 
d  the  city  U  in  a  Mat*    v 


i. 

•f    "     L.WII- 

i.« 

if 

an 


' 

r  .nnouneaa  De«o- 
runt   forrFirn  commeirial  treatiea. 
uvc  aifoe  a  marriage  contract  with 
ile  slave. 

•hhurton :  The  Prraident  ia»uea  the  annual 
tfoQ  in  ramni  to  Air  aeala.  The  W«r  I>ri«rt- 

i  hitfti  tnloriti  known  on 

•rk.    Ucnuany: 


*  thai  •  iur>  in  a  .  rinunnl  .  «UM-  inuM  take  thr  law 
lbefeU.     M.llu,  rm.vU.ni*, 

tnat^iii.iiu.i.rt..  Libwii      TfeBB  .....        \    IM  - 

lifomta:  A   bill  j.u«-.  „  tl,,-  I^fia- 
irtu*. 

l.. 

igm  fla^.-n  puMi.-  MUtafi  btOOBMI  a  law 

M 
•m  at  K.t 

nnual  convention  at  'l.-U-.J..;  •  member- 

•     . 

•<led  hvthe  Chac 

*naln,'.n.!Mr%  eoof  '•  •  •  •         >  •    !!•  i  ^   l',r.  Bfl  I  I 
a  i.    rr^alU^   fn.m  rnonOiin  of  Cape 

The  Mediterranean  naval 

•  «-nn.     Atr 
.    r>  killed  by  oatitfi 
Random,  of  N..'rth 


March  :  <:.mi«nr:  The  Keirh 
for  the  new  naval  i  miam.  N« 
tetel  •  ••  r-  >i  pOMd  -  M  '  " 


••'.MK-..-.  -      |; 
receivca  a  papal  brief  eood 
•HCsMWlPMp 
i.    W.ahlacU«:AdiawMii3 
•men.  roMMftoM  »!• 

Qaj 
the  Emperor*  raqoeat  Tbr  a  or* 

....  .......  ..     ... 

ill    With    influent*        II:. 


ileraW-  under  the  name  of  the 
Hem 

\Vft»hin?lnn  :   Deriaioa  of  the  ftvprea 


rraceu   rot.        enn»jvana:     y  a 
.  wwriavofaa 

:.do:  Several  (taliana  killed  at  WaJba 


.14.    II.   W.  How- 
on    trial    f-r  cniln  •uli-ninn    while 


rk  :  A 


:  An  et4deoil«  of  in0MO 

oiHlmaayothar 


•    • 


•;til 

tMOparation  of  the  newly  n.|..|.i.-.|  nirn  ..rth«-  r>  n.1 

•i   of  t)ie  annual 

llali  dbwtahlblimrnt   hill  in  th,    H..UM 


-jton  t   Marv   Ix>wc   Diokinaoii  elected 

' 

-  Strong  a|>|»Miit  -M'veral  1'latt  men 

•Institution  amonff  the  miner* 

.irnl :  I'aMtaoe  of  a 

wwmon  favorinc  a  monetary  conferrt 
Mount  of  Common..    Inqoeat  on  the  victim*  of  the 


free  in  thia  coun- 

IS.  Indiana :  Adjournment  of  the  UgWal 
trraceful  riot.      Pennsylvania:  Rv  a  li 

murdering  an   American.     IxwWana:  A  lal 
race  riot  on  the  levrr  at  New  (»riraa».  aU 

tbh*e«ft»hip 
Minn«i>(4a : 

the  local  election*.     Newfoondli    ' 
e  Dominion  oft 

IS.  New  York:  Deft*- 

bill  in 

*^  rr»«-hr>l   f«>r  the  cot 
pre.t   lil>rarie»  un*ler 

VuMmlta:  The  eon 

.t  llohart  |4rjhare»  a  bill  pmvMMIf  aar 

ftderation.     ll.»  x  Queen  U 

r»n.r^nnma»t  and  a  toe  of  » 

-.1  railway  •» 

called  M»wW^   ^,—n..  .^r^, 
nt  ohlitfad  to  roard  aecroaa  at  work  OB 
the  lere^i  * 

Cff^OCflU     IttaMt^S    ft     eWf^pw*     wl0pCOBfo0wlW     lO     ^^^Hp    wawW 

•nny  with  new  rifle*.    Japan :  The 

uj •  •»»  tOO iajajM  Of  ForwMML 


.    \ 


aclaim  fcr  HMOtgWO acmimt  the  eetato  of  the  lat* 
n»olni  ntMitjul.    niiaoiaTTho  teMM 


Covtdo- 


EVENTS  OP  1805. 


-  lav  uneonati- 
:  A  considerable 


M.,     .     '.. 
.....        t,,    .:...-         :    ».,„ 


.:i:  The 
•  anile  of  190 


n  with  a  »»*•  of  ISO  persona. 
1*Oonrt  of  Appeal*  hold-  thst 
tun  prohibit*!  by  statute  within 

i.rad* :  Dtaaomy  of  a  shortage  of  more  than 
in  ibeCi»iled8iaU»  mint  at  Carson.  GeorgU: 
r  of  100  M*ro  emigrants  sails  for  Liberia  from 


•rk  city  :  Indictment  by  the  ex- 
:•  .;..   •      M   :...-. 
and  9  d««ectivea.    Ohio  :  Arrvst 
.  oT  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Italian  f  n.un- 

Ihrottfh  the  practice  of"  rhrirtian  > 
from 


Quito  the  inaurrection  hat 


sup- 


:  15  indictments  found  by  the  grand 
lurdera  daring  the  recent  riots  on  the 
Cwba":  8400  fresh  Spanish  troops  on  their  way 
rasa  the  insurrection.    Madagascar:  Sentence 
tkVFraocbaothoritie.of  JohnL.  Wai 
United  teles  consul,  to  twenty -one  years'  in 
ssjem  oa  charge  of  oorreapondin?  with  the  Hovas. 

11.  Wasbinfton:  Exchange  oT  treaty  ratifications 
betsrean  I  alien  and  the  United  States  at  the  State  De- 
t»rt»eni.  Appointment  of  William  Martin  Aiken,of 
TJJliHinlr  beaaponrining  architectof  the  Treasury. 
Indian  Territory :  Appointment  of  ex-Congressmen 
fpriMar.  oT  llfinoia,  and  Kilgore,  of  Texas,  to  be 
Uftked  0MM  judges.  Chicago :  Gov.  Altgeld  aigns 
>  bill  intended  to  overthrow 


in  that  city.    Open 
n  China  and  Japan  at  Shimonoaeki. 

•urnment  of  the  Legislature  in 
the  Territorial  institutions  without 
anpport  Phils.U-h.his:  Meeting  of 
lal  Christian  Workers'  Association. 
Detroit:  Annual  conference  of  the  Presbyterian 
notation.  Groat  Brit- 
of  176  to  168  the  House  of  Commons 
ibars  shall  receive  pay  for  their 
I  detachment  of  4«  Britwh  troops 
killed  in  the  Hindu-Ku,h  mountainV 
:  Appointment  of  Prince  von  Rodolin  a.s 
ihes-ador  to  8t  Petersburg  and  of  the  Baron 
a*  <*crman  ambassador  to  the  United 
The  Japaneae  fleet  attacks  Pescadore  island, 
i  Formosa  and  the  Chinese  mainland,  but  ia 
rapnksad.  Canada:  The  Governor  General  and  mem- 
bata  of  the  Cabinet  sign  the  order  re-establishing  scp- 

^T^lA  ^^UHkla  in  fliA  njin-i.  IIL-_I.  f*f  VI 

•.    . '  .1 

tL  Clerelnnd :  Deciaion  by  Judge  Kicks  that  a  for 
eifn-born  woman  becomes  an  American  citin  r 
•afriagt  to  an  American.    New  York  city  :  18  arrests 
efnMn  indicted  by  the  frand  jurv  for  violating  the 
•haliinaiwa,    Cbkayo :  RnOgnation  of  the  n 
eftheWbiskyTnaOlr 

of  the  coon  as  sole  receiver.    San  Francisco : 
of  C.  P.  Hnmington,  President  of  the 
-mv/by  the  United   States 
-.-,       •        •  . 

Kejection  by  the  Beichstag  of  a  con- 
iStoPrtnoa  Biamtfckonhisbirth- 
jPnainii  by  the  House  of  Magnates  of 
ling  for  the  foe  exercise  of  religion. 
rraa«  :  Fim  ws«tinf  of  Ihe  Bimetallic  League. 

Si.  flinsjaiij    Gfeateftsfesjoent  over  the  aflrontof- 
<br*l  ID  ghaaiafik  bv  the  Befahata*  »«^".v     Bel I  - 


tkibill 


that  the  duties  afrainst  American  fo<><!  pro<hh>tjt 
been  repealed  by  royal  deoree.    Japm 

.       :  .  ..  .   .  n\,.\.  .-  wounded  in  the 
face  by  a  pistol  shot  in  the  hands  of  a 

85.  Japan:  Resolutions  passed  bv  tlu    I'nr 
;ik»  th»-  utti-inpt  to  oHitaiwiuate  the  i 
•it    i..    I'riu 

arouses  an  outburst  <>f  popular  enthusiasm  in 

half,  and  he  is  overwhelmed  with   1.  u«  r*  and  ^m 

patches  from  all  over  the  worUl.     Washington 

State  Department  b  notified  tlmt  i: 

ii|"-ii  foreign  commercial  travelers  have  boei> 

33. 

..-nt  l-\  th.-  I'n-M 
H    M;int    • 

arinv  in  |>ln<v  of  iu-n.  Williuin  Smith,  retired  ;  ^^^ 
Miintineiit  ' 

l  nit«-<l 


Spanish  minister  to  the     nt«-<      tuti-n;  • 

mi.  'iit  in  tin-  Debs  hab#u  corpus  case  i-  i  -n 

i.  -la  :  Thr  < 

Miilu'iiit-nt    in    favor    of   tin-    I  Hii..,l 
States  for  8  bout  OIK-  thin  1   <>f  the   am-mr  • 
namely,  $148,500.     K:m-:i>:  lj  in 
the  tfnuui  jury  ajrainst  election  «thCcrH.    Gai^^^H 
DoaBbmarok  and  prem-i. 

with  a  Hvvord. 

•_'7.   Kn^lan.l  unnounivH  an  ultimatum  in  r«v 
;tn.l-  upon  Niraragua. 

28.  Washington:  The  Spanish  minister  notil 
State  iK-partmriit  tlmt  ihipmontM  of  ann»  :iii-J  ammu- 
nition to  the  Cuban  n-vojutioniht*  have  been  made 
fn>m  many  p..int-  in  the  lUit.-.l  States. 

29.  Grail  liritain  :  Adoption  by  the  House  f 
mons  (126  to  102)  of  a  resolution  . 

ruk-  in  Kn^lainl.  Si-othui-l.  ami  Wali-.s.     • 
journnn-nt  ofthc  Manitoba  Legislature.  <'hina 
An  unconditional  armistice  due  lured  because 
attack  on  the  peace  envoy. 

80.  Ohio:  The  direct  inheritance  tax  l< 
last  Legislature  declared  unconstituti»n 
cuit  court.     Great  Britain  :  Nomination  of"  William 
Court  Gully  to  be  Speaker  of  the  House 
to  succeed  Sir  Arthur  Wcllcslcy  Peel.    Oxford 
Cambridge  in  the  fifty-seventh   annual    boat  race. 
Japan:  Sentence  of  the  soldier  who  nt; 


Li-Hung-Chang  to  penal  wrvitu 
April  1.  L«K-ul  elcctioriH  held  in  Coin.' 
and    Michigan.      (Jermany:     1'rin 
bratcs  his  eightieth  birthday,    (ireat  Britain  :  I'assaM 
to  a  second  readintr  in  the  House  of  <  'on 
Welsh  disestablishment  bill  <;',<»4  to 

2.  Delaware:  A  <lea<ll<><-k  e  \i-t-.  in  the  LegislattV 
ov.-r  the  election  of  a  United  Senator.     Illino. 
Supreme  Crmrt  sustains  the   validity  of  th« 
cratic  apportionment  law  of  1898.     Iowa  :  Ti 
Supremo  Court  affirms  the  constitutionality  of  the 
liquor  law.    California:  .Judire  <'lark.ot  ! 
decides  that  a  minister  who  utters  a  nlat 
lie  prayer  i«  liable  to  prosecution.     M 
mslr.  :  Vinal  settlement  of  the  boundai 
terms  suti-faetory  to  both  eountries. 

8.  ApfK/mtmcnt  by  t) 

vestigate  and  report  upon  the  feasibility  of  the  Nica- 
ragua Canal  route.   Boston  :  nor  of  Massa> 

ch  uaetts  presides  at  sine,  tn_'  in  Mu-ie  Hull. 
testimonial  is  presento-l  !    Smith,  aui 

thehvmn  "  Ann-ri.-a"     London:  '1 
J.  Balfour  speaks  in  favor  of  bimetallism  at  the  ineetr 
•iie  league. 

4.  WashiriL'ton  :  Th<  I 

W.  L.  Wilson,  enters  u{»on  his  ot!i.-ial 
bama:  Me<';  South  and  \v,-t  <ini  - 

Congress  at  Mobile.      Kl.-<-tion   of  l>r.   Th" 
.  of  the  Massachusettx  I 

.  •  •  •  I  •  /h  i  -,:-..  r->\.  Canada  :  Con- 
ference of  the  Newfoundland  dclogatcH  with  n  pre- 
scntatives  of  the  Dominion  (lov.-rnmerr 

5.  New  York  city:  Indictments  strains 
commissioners  handed  in  by  the  extraordinary  grand 
jury. 


Acquittal  by  the  ftttto  S«pr«M  Courtof        ft,  InetaJImmt  of  X  -  6a*aker  of  UM 

too  of  the  .ut>  fifth  annual  eon-    ta^Lof ^ JanLaU' JaLm.  tntmuam  • 


UM  efiflM   U   convicted, 
fcajww of  th«  Morn,.*  ('bur** 
• :  Kur  the  fir*i 


i,.  ^   „., 


Mfike  of 


i  Speaker  of  the  llouae  of  Common*  by  a  ma' 
MaaMehuMtt.:   Kejoctioo  of  the   Norwegian 

uiami  ofthe  State  AM  lum  i  -r  Irwane  Crimi- 
aaU,  including  the  notorioua  Perry,  the  train  robber, 

11  Washington:  Ian. 'of  •mbnmtury  Inatrao- 

tion.  for  the  collodion  of  the  income  tax.    Tennee- 

loptioo  by  UM  Senate  of  a  reaolutioo  favoring 


rtnb  :    The 

B«lv«  Loek 

M.  WMbl 


hb  UCten  of  ranUl  lo  UM 

i«Md  by 
mmnufmrtuiT  and  «•!•  of 


•        .:« 

|fgk«MHl«fl 
•BfttJM 


Stoodar-i  oil  t  ompaoy  at  Aaberllle  oo  UM  juanil 
that  the  company  U  a  tnM  and  eootrarr  to  UM  law 
•   •       -..,      -         ,       i,        ,          •   •        ,.      ... 
fr^itrtan,  praianuJ  by  UM  akUdiwi  of  UM  T«MW» 
:  BkfM  MH..727C 


drliiilit.V  ilrliialldr.!. 

ffA  Amv.l    m   Loodoo  of  UM 
Holland  and  UM  young  Queen 
•  •  • 

•   -n,   iMwaV]  tflbi  H.rj 
Nkaragua  to  protect  ftniariieJi  to 
dty  :  the  po£e  onaa.  aho«.  tfc 


of 
a 


>  LwvJaturr. 

Mayor  W.  D. 

' 
for  lit-.!.    Washington:  T 


lv  exprwa- 
Jtay. 

k  cit    :  At 


h  r.  ,  •••. ,  r» 

r.  .   a|    (I  - 

MfcMl       ! 


UM  great 


80.  Minnesota:  A  decWoo  of  UM 
grant*  the  right  of  eminent  rlooMin  I 
elaetfi0>lbrht  eoomani^a.  Ballii^iM 

«,,          -: 

faTTJ^tMay^  tht  Ftiltral  a4«ff4ntrtrV 
ragoan  policy.  Weat  Viiginia:  Strike  of  IMnf 
miner.  In  the  Pboahoota*  eoal  region.  Beaton :  An- 
nual Congrea*  of  the  Son.  of  the  American  Krvotu- 
tion.  Europe:  Few  May -day  riota.  Deriaion  of  UM 
oorooer*.  jury  that  the  ainklng  of  the  ataa«er  Elbe 


by  vote  of 
fcr  to  Klea- 


coroorrV  jury 
waa  due  tocar 

t  New  York : 
of  »ympathv  with  t 
and  Nicara^ia  have 
the 


flanata  eoofrma  the  rea- 
vorintr  a  popular  vote  on 


onatUotional 

aiv». 
andalegaJboli- 

nM    of   A    \  MM 

1'ittabunj. 
•t  (HUwa.     The  Pop. 

it,    ••      :  «   ..-',.  ..    -  •:;-   | 


The  cwtooia  tariff 
3.  WaahiogUw:  By 


it.  intert*!  in  the 

TheFtslrr. 

ing  minen  fer  Uilaiibiam*  with  UM  tfiitoi 


Ftslrr. 

en  fer  Ui 
maiU.    New  York  city: 


vl2»LJ»T^ni5Sr-r 

'  ';'      '     '   .-"•..  .".  v'  :'•  •'  f'     ' 

*  r*  *l  1  oltttUCHt*  J  UKMl  M^rOOO  •UeMfW  OQ  ftfleto 


Democrat*  onraniie  an   honeM-mooey 
Japan:  The  fimperor  ratifle*  the  treaty  of 


of  CoHnto  by  UM  BriUali  fa 

...      . 

~r^k«    rit^a    twvif^^t 

^VflV    wWMP    ^M^WVBv 
. 

JlM^^nto  a  iemr  of  >y^hy  w5»tfe 

I    W«kkMi.»s  T;,    BM 


-.••  t 


EVENTS  OP  18D5. 


I  •  r, 

.•.-  ..M- 

law,. ml  the  State  dle- 
itulional. 
Council  of  the 
»t     Milwaukee. 
•f  Peter  Turncy  a*  Gov- 
Ma*. :  International  convention 
r  North  -An-rfca,    Philadelphia: 
win  in  their  etnke,  and  moat  of 
to  work.   Loodon :  O'Donovan  Rossa  cre- 

In  Uie  gallery  of  the  Hou*  of  • 
to  ttpellcd.    Canada  and  Newfoundland 
aheadon  idea*  of  confederation.    Kaliflca- 


boaofaMtvof 
f,  New  YorY: 


S.  Kairchild  MMOttdl  Wil- 


It  Grao.  as  chairman  .of  the  State  Democracy. 
ofttaG 


'the  Greater  New  Vork  bill  in  the  Senate  at 
Albany  by  a  vote  of  15  to  14.  Delaware :  Adjourn- 
•Mttof  the  Legislature  in  some  confusion  over  the 
•lettion  of  a  United  States  Senator.  Mississippi:  By 
an  almost  unanimous  vote  the  State  Bankers'  Asso- 
ciation opposes  the  free  coinage  of  s 

10.  Washington:  Retiremt-  T.  L. 

Casey,  Chiefof  Engineers.  OoL  \v.  i*  Craighill  ap- 
pointed bis  MooMeor.  New  Y..rk:  The  SoVernoT 
aifns  the  city  police  magistrates  bill.  South  Caro- 
lina: Stete  constables  ordered  to  seixe  all  shipments 

use.    Lon- 


on  beer  with  a  view  to  overcome  an  esti- 
in   the   treasury.     Chili-Bolivia:   A 
tt^aacy  concluded,  giving  Bolivia  a  atrip  of  coastwise 

ILWaanlnfton:  Appointment  of  Henry   K    Al 
vord,  formerly  President  of  the  Maryland  Agricultural 
be  a  chief  of  division  in  1 1 

a  unanimous  vote  the 

-t  t.ill. 

itifles   the    boundary 

leclines  to  answer 


of  Agriculture.    Germany  :  By 
EilBistn  rejects  the  antiaociali 

1*.   Mexico:   The   Senate  f 
treaty  with  Guatemala. 

1*.  Admiral  Meade,  U.  s 

the  inqniri*  •  .d  Department  a«  to  his  criti- 

cism of  the  Administration.    Washington : 


of  the  United 


Annual 

of  police  from  the  principal 
ites  and  of  the  Southern  Bap- 
of  the  street  railway  commi*- 


atonan.  Georgia:  Biennial  convention  of  th. 
•f  BaUwmy  Conductors  at  Atlanta.  New  York  :  Na- 
of  the  Ancient  Order  of  Hibernians. 
of  reform  in  Armenia  submitted 


to  UM  Porte  by  some  of  the  powers.    Germany  :  The 

•    !  •        •  M          .     :.  r 


ander  in  chief  of  the  navy. 


HU 


flteftei  attend  a  silver 


17  States  an 
n  in  the  Mormon 
City.    Italy:  Catholics  are  for- 
by  th*  Pope  to  uke  part  In  the  parliamentary 
*paro:  The  commander  of  the  Spanish 
rTnJH^ir  ***  AlM<in*  b  censured  and 
1C  few  York :  Adjournment  of  the  State  Legi-la- 
:  IWmkwntrnnbl  of  the  New  Jer- 


,    Austria: 
Premier  in  place  of 
Pru«,ia:   The  FParlia- 
«•»«  Imperial  Gov- 


I 'he  President  grants  Admiral  Monde's  request 

-.1.  l-ut    without    relii'viin:    him    from  the 
liability  of  eourt-marti..  fk   dt\  :  < 

Gibbon*  Miii-  I-!-  Kome.    Cambridge:  In  tl 

llurviirl    athletic 

IP.  'I  •.  Uunia  miners  de.-idr  (••  continue 

•nkc.     Florida:    Tliree  negroes  l\n.  • 
••.  c,,untv. 

9ft.  Wasliington:  The  Supremo  Court,  rooon-i .1.  r 
ing  its  former  decisions,  declares  the  u- 

t    the    who..  ,\    law.      I'ilt-l'i, 

Adoption   h\  tile   I'resl.v 

ri|»Tt    tavoriritT    the    control    of    M-minarie*    \>\    tin- 
(  liurdi:  th.'  vote  >tandft432to98. 

• 

comes  rear  admiral  in  place  of  Mead.  .  retired, 
land.  '»hio:  ( -..n\  eiit i'.n  of  the  Afsin-iation 
and  St«-(-l  \N  •  \merico,  Texas:  K«  i. 

the  Un  \      rani  at  H- 

liurtr:  The  <••  n.-ral  A^eml>ly  declares  again- 
vidual  communion  cups.      LoodOO 

!      (  'o||||||o|. 

peers  to  sit  in   that   l>ody.     South    Ann 
nrmation   of  the  houndan  treaty  hctw.. 
Bolivia. 

22.  Chicago:   General    strike    in  the   hri 
China-Jupun  :  Diplomatic  r. 
the  two  government-.      Texas:    Grand    rei .: 
Confederate  vcU-rann  at  Hou>t«m. 

28.  Memphi.-.  Tenn.  :   '  ' 'tliesoim.i 

convention  of  tne  Southern  states.    M; 
sage  of  an  antitr.-atin^  hill  t>y  the  ll- 
sentatives.      Oklahoma:    Opeoinf   <>!'  the    K 
reservation:  15,000  settl-  ind  estahl'iHh  claiini, 

ritt--*hur_' :  The  I'n-.-l>\  !.r::»n  (ieiieral  A 
criminates  against  Rtod«nti  of  the  1'ni"! 
Seminary  on  the  Around  of  heretical  ii. 

•j}.  Washington:  John  M. Hario takes  -M'' 

civil-service   commissioner.      Bullintfton    Bo*.' 
his  wife  become  naturalized  citizens  of  th. 
States.    New   Haven.  <  onn. :  Sciwion  of  the  « 
once  of  Charities,     llou-ton,  T.-\a- :  <i- 
don  re-elected  commander  in  ehiefr.f  the  <  «.i, 
Veterans.      England:    Celebration    of   the    ' 
birthday.     Among  those  kniirhted  were  H.-nn  Irv- 
ing, Louis  Morris,  and  Walter  I'.esunt 

iiiinois:  Two  men  taken  from  the  jail  . 
ville  and  lynched,  because  the  mob  was  del- 
that  Gov.  Altgeld  should  never  hav.    a  .1 
pardon  them.     South  Ameri 
in   (luiana  is    fired   ujvon   hy    Hra/iliuti  rang- 
nearly  70  were  killed  on  l-tl 

26.  New  Orleans,  La 

in  chljfv  on  account  of  his  antisilver  sp 

r.  -ult   in   the   return   of   1 
<Yi*ni.     Scotland:   Launch  of  the  yacht  Valk;. 

challenger  for  th.  <-up. 

27.  Denial  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  a 
writ  of  habeat  cor// >i •  in  the  case  of  Debs  and 
sociates.     The  court  also  dcci.l 

Chinese  cxclu-i"i.  ri-titutional.     N< 

Ili-tin-llielit  of  rhief-of-|'.,li 

28.  Rhode  Island  :  Inauguration  ,,f  Charles  V. 


Lippit  a»  (i  :   Anniver.-ary    meetintr 

of  the    American    t'nitariati 

!apti-t  I'nioti  in  • 

London;    Prominent   hankers   and    merchant* 
form  a  trold  defense  association. 

29.  New   York 

bill  for  a  blanket  ballot.     <  'leveland.  <  »i 
• 

ll    Municipal    ].<:.. 

•  !it«  nnial     eelehr. 

-iiinent  of  •  j  ..rk   Year!  . 

80.  t  '..lieation  nf  tlie  inon  . 

Confederate  deaxl  in  OakwfK...  uitli  an  ora- 

tion from  (Jen.  Wa-i«    Hampton,  late  C/S.  A. 

Pennsylvania:    Defeat  of  the    ,.i  ;-nioameJ|| 
bills  in  the  Legialature.    Chicago:  I'rot.  K.  K.  Jiar- 


EVENTS  OF  18ML 

Mid,  aetnmomer  of  the    I.i.-k  Oheerretory.  take,    darof  (he  PnaJdaK  1T     iraainl  |iliHii  iialin  ea*~ 

n  oWUr*.  the    WhUky 

Kevenil»«.    the     Trart  ilU*al.      .<ew  Jeraey :    The   UfwUtur.   ad* 

•h  minuter,  prMenta  hi*  Ir r  !     j..«n«  .fUr  |«a»in*  aeverai  bill.  ov«r  the  Governor* 

^•1  miner*     veto.    •  ,-a :  A  proteeearato  1m  I'faoda  a* 

(    Unuu.       «  .waletfoB  of  the 

<*aco  •  Jodffe  Baker  dooidea  aWftlnet  the  At*     Canadian   Kault   rite.   Marie  Canal    IM«  •M&<*|«  «*i 
•  .eneral  ofllllnob  In  a  ault  to  annul  th< 

\  ia^        u  relebretton  of  the  anniversary  of  the  adotadaa 

that  thr  uuifT  art     on  •pin- 

,»le^.l.nd :        |C  Three  revenue  rimer.  <Mafled  by  the  Kary 

work,    ttpaln:  The  ('apuin  Geoetal  •  t 
Iwane. 

P~^~kedBerr   •"  .  (.".'.' .'  ,!.'.  . '  ' .-  '".  .,  '  ''.'..  -  ."J'V     l;"  .'. 

.. :  The  Populiato  hare  declaml  In     river  ai  -<Hind  (ae«  article  OB  K«..- 

•xford    ami    ranibfidge    Alblrlic   Club 

Itw  nnconven*.  to  twelve  the  report  of  ita  inveMi-     challrn^  Yale  aixl  Hananl  t 

MeetiAff  of  tl, 
•rand  Lodfeof  Krwnaeon*  be^un.t  t  off 

jeola  the  ofler  of    Oov.  Artf*ld  call*  a 
i «  to  mediate  in  the  dispute  with  Venezuela.         t  u  • 

.....  ..  :i,    ;. .  . 


arltitration    at 

- 


IL  Howfaie,oftheJPnitad  Slatai  aray , 
ifii u-     convicted  of  fofverr  and  faviacatjaci  of  araoemta. 

a  vote  of  l 


ratt  a    ROOM  of  Commona  by  a  vote  of  1  a  to  lit    u*r- 
China     mum  :  The  Km  per**  lay*  the  kevMnoe  of  the  Kiel 
canal  and  namaVU  the  KaWr  WUhete  Canal,  hi 
mcmorv  of  William   I      1 '  i natMatianiili     ruirtlial 
New    of  a  plot  afataet  the  Sultan  amon*  atiliali  In  the 

i;!i :  •> «  T'»  .'  ^  .       •    ..•'•-'      : 

nnaylvania:  A.Jjournmant  of  the  Lafialatara.     tavtolojrieta,  io:  An    injunction   awtaet 

-  Department  ia.uea  *    Sunday  ball  fOa/bai  made  pimiaaiiil  by  the  drew* 

^^^    /    __4      *•»..!  .    .«  y% fc^_   .      >  § . .  •••  M     ^-  ^  »L^^     *—  -         — .       ak.      '< 

•aa  i  r  i: .  ••  •  \     r.<r-  court.    »  uoa  .   jauuny  amoof  ppejnan  nv0pa\  UMV 

me:  A  ponniliBllt   Knavlan    legation    eatab-  commander  commit.  Miiride. 

IW^I  ..-!.,.  Vail  M  v      •  t     -.•       • 

i«ton:  Richard  Olncyawom in  atSoer*-  eJetiaa.    npreiaming   1SS   nt|MliaHia»i,    K«cUnd  : 

:.  .  -  .-.-.      :•    .     !.• 

Va. :  Judge  GoftN  deciaion  in  the  <  -                   prelerrad  afainet  PNenlar  Criapt  by  Si- 
mian ragUlration  cane  revenwd  bv  the  ,• 
*au»  Coon  of  AjPp^^    < 'hicajo:  Annual  54.  New  York  eHy  t  Oevaral  liiHftai.w>i  torn*  fcr 

MA.    Turkey  :  The   Hntmli.   hrt'n«*li.   attd   Roj*ian     lNNM|hker|**  •     Vx     ' 
•enbataador.  fomwlly  ilrman.l  tlu-   .ii-nnnam. nr  1— n  ».-n 

the  ilatifiiuua  tribe*  that    have    recently  attacked     vania  vere  the  other 

;  .    .  •    .     •  '      •        • 

roelamatkm  frcnident    forbidding     at  Kiel,  and  eeoda  thank,  tn 


rican  ciutrn,  to  aM  «  uUn  in»unrrnu  A  Illinola-  Chilling  of  the  aaietol 

iblabon  Irvlar                           ,bllc  aehoote  in  a  cC.  of  Unioa  CoUei«7  Endaad :  1 

•i.  accepta  the  pramicnOiip  ao 

ual   Marion   of  the   Supreme  Lodf*  Cabinet 

.ier  Cri.pl  in  the  Cha 

D  Thoma. 

mtcd  State*  nuuiMvr  to  \\uviuvla.    By  or-  SI  FlnC  payment  made 


EVENTS  OP  1885. 


f 


ewoutir* 
Society  of  Mechanical  Kn- 

'  .nn.:  tale 


.  boat  race  Main*  Harvard. 
of  the  American  Institute  of  1 

Jlew  Orieana:  Ofloara  of  labor  a*so- 
foc  Interfering  with  interstate  com- 
U»  late  strike. 


ta«*o7ofthe 


Judge  Rosa  of  the  district  court 
e  Letand  Stanford  estaU  in  the 


indation   atone  of  a  Roman  Catholic 
tEedral  laid  by  Cardinal  Vaughan. 

Th*  annual  auminer.rellgloua^aenricea 

of«M 

t<>  unite  interests  of 


open  at 


.»lian  and  American  Protective  Associations. 
Brv<ol,  It  I.:  Launch  of  the  yacht  Defender. 

1  Washington :  Sentence  of  ex-Capt  Howgate  to 
eight  yean  in  the  penitentiary  (he  waa  subsequently 
mXLJitZ-A  to  bail  ***M*»  decision  on  anneal). 

MOTMMmM  •**  •"»••  |^"ia*»»aiem^  WIUUVBUM  we*       a  aYT    /*  .         . 

1   Washington:    Aj  ;  ^    ,-hief  of  the 

of  WillU  L.  Moore  to  succeed  Prof. 
M  apUd  UM  jTe-idei«-v 
raahtngton  at  Seattle.    The 
ia  notified  officially  that  China  is  to 
in  Mexican  silver  dollars  as  in- 
aacar:  Sharp  engagement  between 
«  and  natives,  the  French  victorious. 
Maes. :  A  -  Little-Red-Schoolhouse  » 
,v        .   •        \    1'    \    a»d  Onmfl  L-L'.-H 


asngton:       j  ; 
Weather  Bureau,  of  WitlU 
Mark  Harrington,  who  baa 
of  the  UniireWty  of  Waa 
6<**  Deartment  b  notified 


parade  in 
aodkli 


kindred  ormnixationn  uke  part  ia  attacked  by  a 
Roman  Catholic  mob;  1  man  killed,  aeveral  hurt. 
New  York  city :  Baeape  of  t  mat-office  robber*  from 
Lodlow  Street  jalL  Dayton,  Tenn. :  Several  81  -. 
Day  Adtreotiat*  fined  for  working  on  Sunday ;  they 
an  eat*  to prWon  in  default  of  payment 

ft.  WMhlnffton :  Arrival  of  the  new  Portogvane 
•lililii  Beohor  d^Heruira  Thadicu.  Denver/Col. : 
Coavwtiott  of  the  National  Educational  Anaociation. 
Italy :  D«al  betweea  Sifnor  Oalli,  Under  Secretary  of 
UM  loterior.  and  Deputy  MaraacalchL  Newfound- 
laad:  KurUtng  lofUlalire  acandala  dinoovered  at 
8c  JoboV 

C  Baliitoors:  Hooeeavful  teat  of  an  electric  locomo- 
ti*«  in  U»  felt  Una  tunnel.  Chicago:  Wagea  of 


be  known  aa  Lincoln  Day.    The  New  England 
road  iu'M  uiuk-r  forecloaure  for  $5,00<>. 
..Idiacovery  of  anoxtc!i>ivr  oonaj 

10.  Saratoga:  Meeting  of  the   New   Y..rk 
Bankera*  Ataociation.    Boaton:    Antnuil  con 

•ion  Endeavor  Swi.-ty,  ul.,.ut  60, 
bera  preaent.    Cnnucla:   t'ri.-  n^  t 

-\«t.-in  in  Manitnlm.     Kriirliui.l:   1 


oarsmen  at    Henley  \>\  Trinitv  Hall. 
Election  ••» 'Th.-mas  Khtrad'a  Paliuato  be  ProM 
the  Racmbllo  ofcuha. 

11.  M.    John's.     Newfoundland:    Sai 
steamer  Kiti-  with  the  I  Vary  relief  i-\|»ed  it  ion 
•  nhmd.      Wanhington:  Am-.-t  ..f  Mori- 

Prime  Minister  of  Hawaii^  charged  \\ith  erinun., 

of  the  Italian  ambassador. 

U.  KiiL'land:  (icneral  parliamentary  elect  ions  be- 
-in.       IMurnn   888   C«i 

ICoCart       •  Pan 

Two  duels  fought  between  incmU-r-  <>t  tin  < 
of  Deputies.    Formosa :  Considerable  engugen 
tween  the  Japanese  and  Chinese;  the 
hatad. 

I'aris:   Celebration   of  the  one  hundr 

^i.\tll  unnivei-^arv    "t  the  fall  "fthe  Ha.-tile. 

15.  The   Iri.-h    National   Fe.leration  M-nd   * 
Ireland  as  a  contribution  to  i 
Parliamentary  party.     Michigan  :   .'.."too  Iuin. 

to  go  on  strike.    Bulgaria:    l.\  I'r-  raier  Mamlmloff 

hhot  and  htahhcd  in  the  .-tie«-t«  of  Sofia. 

16.  Mifh'iL'an  :  (ieneral  strike  among  the  iron  min- 
ers, who  demand  $2  a  day. 

18.  Toronto,  Canada :  Opening  of  th. 
can  CongrcHs  of  Religion  and  Education,  5,<X> 


P.«.  The   President  extends  the  civil--. 
to  include  all  employees  of  the   ]><  tiM»n  a. 
Grand  Master  Workman  Sovereign  <>t  tl 
Labor  announces  a  boycott  of  national  l-ank  i. 
ginning  September  1.    Turkey  :  Turks  an<l  .N: 
nians  flght  on  the  frontier;  victory  claimed  l»y  the 
Turks.    Canada  :  By  a  vote  of  18  to  6  the  '1 
School  Board  sustains  the  right  of  teachers  to  wear 
bloomers. 

22.  Canada:  Adjournment  of  the  Dominion  Parlia- 
ment after  postponing  action  on  the  school  q 
in  Manitoba. 

28.  Secretary  Iloke  Smith  opens  the  *oun<l 
campaign  by  a  speech  at  Hayneville.  (Ia.     T' 

rules  are  extended  to  include  employee- 
Geological  Survey,  12">  in  numl.er. 

24.  United  States  troops  ordered  t"  t) 
dian  disturbances  in  Wyoming.     BritW 
announced  of  the  island  of  Trinidad  again-t  • 
test  of  Brazil. 

28.  New  York  city  :  General  strike  ordered 
Brotherhood  of  Tailors,  16,000  men  stop  work. 

89.  Boston:    A  considerable    number   of  colored 
women  assemble  and  form  a  national  league. 


T. 

ClmlaaJ  « 
int  USM  in 


80.  Declaration  by  the  Supreme  <  'oiirt  ••!'  <  >kla)inma 
that  all  divorces  previously  grantc< I  in  the  Territorf 
by  probate  judges  are  illegal.     Vienna:    It 
nonnced  that  Bulgaria  will  accept  the  t,n  •  k  Church 
to  secure  Russian  protection.    Lu*bon  :  Riots  in  con* 

n  in  the  Pullman  ahop  advanoed  10  par  cent     sequence  of  rumors  that  priests  have  been  enga-      in 
:  Bot  between  Hindus  and  Mohammedan*  8    child  stealing. 

K>  wounded.    Ruasla  aniarantaea  a  Chinese        81.  Chicago:  Indictment  by  the  grand  jury 

election  judges  for  fraud  at  recent 

August  ii.  Ohio:  A  Populist  convention  ri" 
ral"Coxey  for  Governs.     IHin«.. 


-**  ••••a«r*  WKVh  J»»emia»ajaj»    ^/iii- 

.        aUV challenge  toi  athleticconte»t. 
of  a  dauirhtar  to  the  President  and  Mrs. 
V  «aMea,  Maaa.    Chicago:  For  the 
of  the  city  all  barber  ahopa 

-7V-~  .Annual  convention  of  the  glaaa 
ofAmericiL    F^iirland:TheQtteen  mtrnna 

^ik^n  fc  broenL    *J*n-  Ro^rt* 
l  *••  l/u»a  of  Cambridge  aa  corn- 


BiHh  Housaa  of  the  General  Aa- 
paa.  a  bill  making  Oct.  16  a  legal  holiday,  to 


Mature  adjourns  its  special  session,  pasM  • 

•  •        •  •        ..-.,-.(,•.  .  .\1'_"  Id.      Wyoniini;: 

Gen.  Cnppingcr  re  ports  'that  the  troul-le  wit 
Bannock  Indians  is  at  an  end.    New  York  . 
States  cruiser  Columbia  arrives  from  South.. 
having  made  the  run  in  six  days,  twenty-three  h'/uns 
and  forty-nine  minutes,  the  longest  and  fa>t 
ever  recorded  for  a  war  chip. 

8.  London:  Cloae  of  the  aeaaion  of  the  Geographical 
Congress,    Belgium  :  Sectarian  education*  mode  com' 


eonfrw,  >tUn    worker*    .1     h*n 


ih,    raJkilij    -.!•  UN    rajta*  I   law*        Si. 

•  *n* 

• 


tk.«.    *.«sra^ 


d  that  the 

CaUiolu- 


Total  At 


irnuaity  :  <  rlcliraUow 

>\cr  the  Frvn-  »rv  the 


ST.  K«w  York :  Tb.  Uooor  Dwlm*  A 

ptor*  Ihr  fMoltttion  10  ckM  Mlootti  oo 
Cooelav*   of 


mt  of  the  Catholic  Total 


IlUnoto: 
return  to  work  at  Spring  Vu 

>rk :   End  of  the  tailor.'  atrika.    Gar- 

;rt  .itting  >t  Bremerhaven 

naibility  of  the  Elba  diaaator  upon  the 

I:'  Raojanlnf  of  Parliament,  Sir  Wil- 
,;..;.. i  teak,     I'M,  i!  ..... 

I 'ur  liainrnt«n  |Mirt>  unani- 

•t.-.ltft.M   M.»   altliN    Ji-  .  l-:i:r:..:ii.       'i  ;.r 

•  l<arty  of  Bulgarian*  attack  a  village 
r.  bum  hou*e»  and  kill  many  of  the  in- 


>fton :    Walter  II.  Davney,  aolicitor  of 
the  stata  Department,  to  elected  Proftaaor  of  Coraaoa 

..w  at  tin 

•tad) 


.>..-•       •  •- 
ru.- . 


Hamliul 
teou.lv  r 


ow  the  old 

riC±ar" 


•ad  Matule  Law  at 

an  an; 


so.  New  York :  SSS 

violation  of  the  e«cU 

s,i,,-t,..n..rth,->..i,t  DdaadarteteMt  faa^rfi  in 

kHhj  Ha  raaai    GUaj    i    ii.-.-  .•*.-,-  • ;..  KM 

SI.  Utah :  The  Supreme  Court  degidea  that  onlr 
men  are  entitled  lo  vote  under  the  new  State  Coaatf- 

Stpteatel  1.  Germany :  General  celebration  of  the 
eraary  of  the  fall  of  Sedan.    Baa* 
aia  make*  a  preaent  of  10*00  awdara  ritaa  ai 
munition  to  Monteaajrro;  Eactoad  objocte.    M 
The  Catholic  Coo*m»  a 
.amiajaUter 


of  tko 


LawattBoOniver.  r,,..    Eng-        l"  Labor  Day :  Paradta.aioaia^aad 

tf  of  the  Qneo* imech  in  Parliament ;     in  all  the  largo  citiea.    Saratoga:  I 
HooaoofCoai-     American  Social  Science  A-oriatioo_ 

S.  Saratoga:  Meetingof  the  New  York  State  Pro- 
hibition ConrenUon7>'ew  York :  The  waolo  pattto 
fcrco  to  warned  agaiaat  eoatribwtiag  te  aay  fwad 


tfAWrS-JSE! 

fge.1 


.    l 

he  French  eoaauUt 
ftaalaterionaof-  :  . 


ajrre**  at 

ha«  been  taken  by  the  dU- 
aoheme*  during 


ifaBJ 

tl..       at  -V 


j  of  troop*  in  Cuba. 

•>  by  an  army  of  tramp* 

*bo  are  numerous  enough  to  terrify  the  inhabitant*. 
•eBritkh yaVht  Valkvrie  III. 
•arket-makt-r*'  M 
tftjOOO  devotee*  atait  on  the  annual  pilgrim 


<  oQTaetiop  of  Agricaitaral 


».  England  :    It  i*  official) r  announced  that   the 
bridge  retire*  and  FieW-mai»hal  Lord 
jMaloy  aaewada  him  a*  commandar  la  chief  of  the 

SO.  Qwaorai  election  of  delegate,  to  the  South  <  am 
vcntion.    Trial  trip   of  the 

' 

.  SI.  The  l'rt»ident  extend*  the  olvH-aervic*  law  to 


lade  printer*  ami  pn«*n 
Ijrtment.    It  U  fouml  mry  of  Oongma 

laat  there  U  a  shortage  of  about  $a&.000,  due  probably 

tin  held  up  by  robber,  near 
Scntlaml:  «>.0(*jutiworkera  on  atrika 


000  children  turned  away  fm»  tW  tmblic  ackoola  far 
la^of  room.    Kiyfaad:  Tke  BritU  Trade.  Oaiaa 


HoaWofLotaa, 

«.  China :  Arreat  of 

AninvoatigatkMiiatoti 

I        I     <t      •  *JH*l* 

•   i       .  . 
>>':,.:.    at     >:. 
South  America:  It  i* 

Q-teN  tko 

SlS.  Intetaatkmal  yacht  raraaoC  Sandy  Book  <at* 

S.  l^MiW  of  15^000  Spaiii*h  troop  in  Tuba. 

10*  Soata  Carolina :  opening  of  UN*  Coaatfiatfeaal 


Oraad  Amy  of  the  Republic. 

IS.  Sooth  Carotin*:  A.  Mbmitted  ta«  new 
tatioa 


....        ,  ,      •     :, 

funded  and  rtpri- 


of  Lait*r-l»air   Sainu   .t 

fuly:T 
of  Ui«  occuation  of  Borne  by 


|..     I  -..'... i    BMjH 
at  the  Brook  - 
Culm 
tb«  rebellion  ia  now  far  more  for- 

_•        t^4ti^ 

of  the  Atlanta  Expoaition.  Dedica- 
oo  the  battlefield  of  Chick.- 
Reven  loaders  of  the  recent 


..urt  -martial   at  Hai 

tfce  captain  of  the  American  *eamer  Mascot  and  aotne 
of  hi*  crew  to  Imprieonment  for  landing  oattridjea. 

»r..«  l»  Rose,  of  London,  challenges  for  the 
AmericaV  r  Itritain  sends  a  squad  rn  -t 


roman*. 

bddi  at 


w  abi|M  up  the  Yangtee-Kiang  river  to  prot< 
*.    Italy:  Unveiling  of  a  m«nun 
at  Roue;  opening  of  a  Methodist  Episcopal 
church  at  Rone. 

\tUnu.  <ia.:  Gathering  of  prominent  ex-  tn.on 
aixl  rx  -Confederate  officer*,  to  oommeniorate  ••  Blue 
and  Gray  Day  "at  the  exposition.  New  York  :  Inter 
aatfonaTelob  gamea,  the  Americana  defeat  th. 
IMi  in  all  the  11  contest*  breaking  aeveral  world's 
record*  Ku  JohnX  Newfoundland  :  Return  of  the 
IVary  relief  expedition  with  Peary  and  hia  compan- 


A  notable  French  victory  reported 
over  the  Ilovaa. 

«,  By  order  of  the  Preaident  th,-  civil-service  laws 
are  trtaiirlirl  to  include  all  conaolar  otftcere  whose 
eoapeoaatkNi  doea  not  exceed  $2»0  a  year.  I'hila- 
deipkia:  Defeat  of  the  local  cricket  club  by  the  Ox- 
•  •  ..-.  i.  •  bri^p  -  mi 

S4-A  Poor  rac«  eailed  between  "Spruce  IV" 
>Kwtiah)and  Ethelwynne<  American ),amall  yachts. 


•  York :  State  Democratic  Convention,  chi- 
of  the  Irish  National  Societies  meet 
Ivocate  the  use  of  force  to  free  Irelai 
Lomia:  Annual  Convention  of  the  Catholic  Y"un_r 
MenV  Onion.  Newfoundland :  Sir  Hubert  Murray 
appointed  Governor  of  the  province, 

*.  New  York:   Parade  of  the  societies  favoring 
am  liberal  Sunday  laws.    A  train  of  the  Ne« 
Central  Railroad  make*  a  now  record  by  runnin 
Albany  toSyracwe,  147M  milea,at«7mile*  per  hour. 
M.  Minneapolis:  Meeting  of  the  American    Mu- 
>;   rwwlutions  patted  condemning 


Kv   :    ,,,nen,] 

«f  the  Brotherhood  of  8u  Andrew 
sfbaltak* 
*  bis  own  record  as  commander  in  chief  of  the 

own  to  eloae  their  bnsinesa 
the  order  will  be  contest- 
.  larantine  ordered  for  all 
after  Oct.  1.  British  eteamer 
a  sr««ni«h   tfunUnit  off  C«n<- 

KirkUnd.  flag  officer  of  the 
*a*  «««ir<4i.  rppritnanded  by  the  Secre- 
ar  far  a  private  comrratulatorv  letter  to 


: 


28,  Gen.  Nelson  A.  Milea  becomes  commander  in 
f  the  army  of  the  United  States  in  i 
Id,  retired.     Athmta:  Tli.-  attendu 
t  lie  fair  was  80,000,  the  largest  vet  ree 

In  tin-  >aeht  nico  for  half  rat.  r-    Ktli. 
.lefeatingthe  Knu'lish  ya.-l.t  Spruce  II. 
99.  s  Poornandradoatiaof  diphthei 

reported  by  the  health  auth«t 

J    cricket    match    at     I'hila.. 

nen  of  Philadelphia  "defeat  the  - 

and    Cambridge  «•!•%,  M.     China:  At   the  .leu 


the  Viceroy  of  Szochucn  is  d<v< 

I 
hilN   nfogni/iiiir  tin    fn 

France  aAcr  an  aniu<>ii>  -tin/  nuiny  1 

ir-'i n  ^u-kncH.H.     Kuiwia:  Several  tl 


ported  by  cholera  during  the  month. 
October  l.  Kmtu.-ky  :  The  convention 


Kpiftcopal   Church   voti-s  t<> 
delegates  to  the  General    <'<>nt<  n  ixr. 

t  is  signed  to  lay  a  telegraph  cablo  fn>m  Brest 
to  New  York.    Corea:  The  C^ucrn  murdered 
palace  at  Seoul. 

ft.  Nebraska:  The  State   Republican 
opposes  monometallism  aixl  <lcman<l.H  an  li"i. 
lar.    Minneapolis:  The  I  'n»t 
of  America  '  thirti«-th  annual  cunvi 

Washington:  Fir>t    Kncharist  ('on^n-L'niti"n   of  the 
Catholic  Church  in  America,     Alhanv:  - 
-.-ion  ..f  the  I? 

eity.    Philadelphia:   Launch  of  the  l  Hited  8MH 
cruiser  Brooklyn    t'r..m    (  'ramp's    ship\ar-l. 
Twi-ntv-fifth  anniversary  of  the  ph-l'ih<-i'te  :  a  • 
of  pardons  are  tr  rant  e.l  in  lion-ir  <if  the  oeea>i»n. 

8.  Newpori  B.  McDonald  wins  t 

tional  golf  champlonahip, 

rial  trip  of  American  liner  St.  Louis;  she  makes 
20*  knots.     Salt    Lake  City:  Sixty  lifli. 
conference  of  the  Mormon  Ohnrdtt.     Kn^lan<; 
:i  of  Parliament  till  Dec.  28. 
w  York  :  Yale  defeats  Cambridge  by  winning 
8  out  of  11  athletic  cont 

6.  A  note  of  remonstrance  addressed  t 

her  action  in   Armenia  by  the  western    1  ur«peaii 

powers. 

7.  Washington:  Decision  reached  by  the 
court  favorable  to  the   <i.»vi  -num  -nt   iii  the 
Potomac  Flats  case,  involving  several  million  dollar* 
Chicago:  Electric  car  held  up  in  the  MI)M. 
masked  men;  all  the  p  .bed. 

8.  Indiana:  Defeat  of  the  Kepunlieai 
nicipa!  rol.ahly  dm-  to  rii'i-l  eiij..r<-- 
the  CXC'IMC  law.     Atlanta*:  M. 

Institution  of  Min 

Irrigation  Congress;  th,.  Liberty  Hell  i.s  n-ee 
\  position  grounds  with  great  eeren, 

9.  Syracuse,  N.  V.:  Tri.-nnial   con  vent  fnn 
Congregational  Church.     Kast'-n.  1'a.:  Convcr 
the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Chun-h. 

10.  Washington:  Major  Anne*  releaaed  fp": 

lofleld  censured  by  Judge  Bradh  \ 
district  court. 

11.  By  request  of  Minister  Terrill  the  I'nite,; 
-  Sfarblehead  is  ordered  to  r' 

i  to  protect  American  interests. 

12.  Atlanta:   The  National  Congress 
adopt  resolutions  favoring  reciprocity  with  th 
and  Central  American  state*.  H 

diano,  is  president  of  t  • 
the  Court  of  Appeals  a  • 
to  Mrs.  Leland  Stanford  in  t 
Government  against  her  husband's  CM 
Marines  land  from  the  Yorktown  to  protect  the 
ican  legation. 

18.  Turki-y  :  f'nrther  caso- 

•hed  are  reportoci  in  Armenia  and  other  of  the  prov- 
inces. 

U.  Washington  :  Mooting  of  the  Supreme  Coflft 
Baltimore:  Meeting  of  the   American   Purity    Alh- 


KVKNTs   nj     |g*  EXPOSITION, 


atton  bir  Lord  8aekville-Weat,     Coloafc 

'j»Rs£iB3S£  !-•: 

*,*,cr,  I,,    r   .r.._-«.    M ..-    KM        \\   ..«.-..      1  ,.•.••    :.:•• 


liiintii  *  Trial  trip  of  th«  I  nfead  Mate  war 
-oard  of  ottem  raoammeod  her  iiinftinn  •< 


,    •       •          ....          •       -     ,        .     •  « 


i  of  too 

!..     !. 

Va.  :   I.aun-  h 

ajgaite  Vonotuola  demanding  reparation  tor  of  the  California  Court,  and 

*  Bear-Admiral  Kirkland  relieved  from  the  com-  ""to!  DepJrtJrTrf the  Ui 

an  «<uadron:  ho  ia  one-  ooapolia for Twfcbb 

ington:  Bi-  rfTThanl 

«a*aion  of  the  Supremo  Council  of  the  World  the  Atlanta 

».  Rome:  The 

rrival  of  the  Preaktent  and  Party  at  Atlanta  car 

•t  haaboandoaiirnatedaii-  i  80.  During  the 


•.c«,..U., :  A,l,..unu,u.,t  ..f  the  Kpbcutial     Chriatiana  continued  without  oflciatt  oflbrt  at  r»- 
Ualtimore:  Kc-clectionofifia.    atraint  on  the  part  of  the  Sultan.  The  loots  of  Earope 
r>l  M  Prwidcnt  of  the  Women'a     romain    at    anchor   near  the  Dardanattea  •  •  iliS 


.:-••:        .-.;..        M.  .        ....     ....      ...  ..         ,      r,  ...... 

•Ibi 


l.o  UniToraalbt  Church  of  tho    liana  hare  been 

ur>r.  Mlaa.:    Meetirur  of  the        Pil»l»l  Meetingof the 

3.  Ucnnany:  <»|«nin«  of  the 

••lu.-la  mi  ultimatun.  tlu-  arrcat  of 

.^' of  the  autumn     ticmal  «'« 


10.  Turkey:  Tl>. 


•  tho  atoppaco  of  ailTor    tra  (ruard  »hipa  of  the  E 
winv-  «->.r'N.,,-,-..r  i     iMlaodj  0.  D    i:  •     Bom  m 

«  challrntf.  11  SwitirH.n.1 :  Adrian   la 


Manufacturer*' Aaao-    dont  of  the  ropobllc.  Graft 

«l.  *..  d,-l,v»t,-  |.r,-,-nt  frWn   N.  «    1  '. .    ..!    L  .-'       :     '    •    .     .:  '       I        r    ..r, 

th,->.,uth,ri,  Btatoi    Atrainoatbl  Lak-  >!,-:,         ;.!.-•      — 


Kol.-r.t...i;  -I  l.a.-r 
A 

H^P 


laQroa.1 

M  ClrvrUml.  <>a!  conrontion  < 

•oal  Cooma  of    (itvt  Hnt«.n  and  \ranataibi  naj  •  laataai  in  ri 
aoo,  elected  preal-     akm  of  «  ar  at.. i  unumkd  Inancial  markru  all 

•  are  reported,  and  no  efficient  m  Maura 

i  at   Washington  of  Sir  Chariea  Tu,.,x  r 
naioBovell,  of  Canada,  to  take 


Icflclcncy  for  the  flacal  year  offi.-i.l-     humlred  and  ar%mijr  ••! 
!»»••  of  Woman  dWuarna  »u(Trmvr.     I'arin:  Rwigna-     H««r 


Houae  of  Doputica  |\|-MS|||MN.    (XITTON-8TA 

IMI  IINMh.NM  .(premt  fair,  held  in 

•'""^iST^  Atlanta,  Oa,.  .1                      .«inf  moBtka  of  1««5. 

wihTSoT,                 "SSo^r^eoaUar^  In  imf-rtancr  ranlS  t  hlrda-ilt  U«o  Md  in 

•n»  for  fr?i                                                 .  thr  I  nitc«l  Stair*;  and  in  M9JMOB  nM  foaturr*. 

t  a  flliboatorinff  expedition  from  a*  in  tho  du^y  of  rlwtrfcaJ  apparatus  and  in- 

The  fort  n-                  ..k  U  had  iU  arigtaln  the  fart  thai  tho  Sovtb.  with 

(•••ad  Pon  Hancock  by  OH   -   -         I  . ,  .,    .  -..  r/.;.  ^      -.>,;.      ,'.,-:- 

2ro*of:thL<Cfi2C|  Pnf     &i      rni^fnf  f«rt«ffa|r  rwourt™.  ww  not  adeqoAlHjr  ftj>r^ 

£7°  of  tbo  BoeiOtjf  jalanda.    Scotland  :  r.n.l  «-»f  ,  .     IMM>  >«._t._irS-. l,  _/«u^ 

,r  «•».!  u.  if-.f  -  %,...-•  N»ntc«i  at  t  nioairo  in  imn.  ine  Mnsmnim  OT  «aw 


ISIaaxow  and  Belfast ;  wiaj.    ^ ^ -  Sut<MTu.in>:  prohibH^by  tkfir  tereral 
n:  Grand  jury  of  the  Patriot  of    ooojUtulkms  from  making  approprialioos    to 


m 


EXPOSITION,  COTTON-STATES  ANI>   IMli;N  \TloN  \l 


that  end.     It   had  also  th*  further  object  of 
fgatarin*  ""•  (rwlr  rrUiinoa  already  r\ 
batwM  UM  Southern  State*  and  the   I  At  in- 
and  promoting  commercial 

Kno- 


rvfmbtfea 


wn  Inaugurated  by  pHvaty  enterprise,  the 

^  c..|.  \V.  A.  llemp- 


'    •  i.  , 


Oooatitu- 

..  l 


of  thr 

Tfce  dtlaant  of  A  t  Ian 
000,  UM  CHy  Council  appropriated  $75,00 
IW  oauntr  failton)  gavV  convict  laU  r  to  the 
•jnount  oi  $40,000.  A  committee  (which  con- 
tafeed  three  negro  members.  Prof.  Book,  r  T. 
Washington.  Bishop  W.  J.  Gaines,  and  lti-h..p 
u,t)  tinted  Washington  to  request  an  ap- 
propriation of  $900.000  from  Congress  for  a 
feavVrnment  building  and  .-xh,l,.t.  which  was 
nsvd  on  June  30.  1804.  The  Legislature  of 
GoarjriA  voted  $17.500  for  an  exhil.it  of  the 
ajrnrulttiral  and  mineral  resources  of  the  State ; 
bat  UM  first  State  to  take  official  act  i.  >n  of  the 
ktod  was  Louisiana.  In  addition  to  the  $350,. 
000  raised,  UM  revenues  calculated  upon  were : 
Issue  of  bonds  based  on  a  mortgage  upon  two 
thirl.  <>f  tin-  cat*  receipt*  $800,000;  returns 

1    »»>    -  ;  :.ire    f.  »t    -f   n".".r  -pa<-e 

•t  ft  a  square  foot,  $100.000;  concessions,  $200,- 
000:  and  gate  receipts,  estimated  at  $1,500.000. 
25  per  cant,  of  the  face  value  of  the 
bonds  was  reimbursed  to  the  U.ndholders.  On 
Nov.  4  Samuel  M.  Inman.  one  of  the  foremost 
promoter*  of  the  enterprise,  beaded  a  subscrip- 
tion list  with  $50,000  (half  of  the  amount  re- 
quired) to  pay  off  the  floating  debt. 

Invitations  to  participate  in  the  Exposition 
were  sent  to  foreign  countries  through  the  State 
Department  of  the  United  States,  and  com. n is- 
sioners  were  appointed  to  Mexico,  Central  and 
Sooth  America,  and  a  commissioner  general  to 
Borope,  with  headquarters  in  London,  under 

,  .'•    :•     -.-I,1 

to  Great  Britain.  France,  Germany,  Italy,  Aus- 
tna -Hungary.  Belgium,  and  Kuwia.     The  regu- 
MM   issued    by    the    Treasury   Department 
the  free  imt>ortation  of  articles  for 
tin-  World's  Columbian  Exposition 
at  Chicago,  and  all  other  regulations  governing 

it  ion,  were 


applied  to; 

UM  grounds  and  building*  con 

warehouse  and  the  lea 


at  that  Exposition, 

,  so  far  an  practi. -alile, 
constituting  a  bonded 
>t  ion  lines 

fn.rn  the  prim-jpfil  |K.rt,s  to  Atlanta. 
kc  Mail  Steam-hip  Company  agreed  to 
free  of  charge  all  exhibits  from 
in  Central  and  ,-rica  reached  by  its 

Unas.    Fourteen  States  of  the  I'nion  an 
P»#«*  of  Columbia  participatcnl  t  h  r 

.or  prineQ  commercial  Sod 

i  of  their  own.   Fourteen  foreign 


.  those  of  Europe  un- 

JN»  total  coat  of  the  Exposition  was 
plaaeiatWOO^OO.aiiditisanotablefact  that 

Mructing  the 
aw  within  the  ertim 
-The  .  uHlmont  Park,  2 

UM  center  of  the  citv  an  indosure 
"raverwd  by  the  rifle  pits  over 
threw  theflrst  shell  into  Atlanta 
.  •  •iP?-^.1"6  grounds  were  not 
as  were  those  of  Chicago  and  Philadelphia, 


Itut  liills  fi.rninl  a  natural  cup  in  whicli  an  arti- 

liriiil  iHke.named  "Clara  Meer,"was< strn 

which  covered    18  acres,   while   thr   l.mUintfs 
crowned  the  surrounding  ••!.  \aii-n>. 
had  water  frontage.      Gondolas    and    < 
launrlx-s   jilird    <>n    tin-    lakr.  ami   in   il    ro 
rlrrlrir  foiinlnin.  «h-iirni'«l  l»y  Luthn 
Thr  landtritpe  effects  were  especially  \\\ •., 
front  <>f  the   lake  -tr.'t.  h..l   a   j.la/.i   i.acin.l  l.y 

terraces   ami    traversal    l.y    \\idc   L 
walks.    A   happy  effect  was  pr<'du 
paving  "f  th«-  avi-nues  with  cru-hcd  l.hit- 'lim.- 

aml    fnrt  In-r  i>niaiiientat  inn   . 
fountains,  slat  nary  nx.untrd  on  lii^h  pilla; 
lialiistriules.    and   electrio    li-ht-    in    the 

I'hi-  archil. •.•tnral  .  IT.  .  t   ..f  thr   l.iiil.lin^s 
WMtetMir.-.l  l.y  lim-s  rather  than  l.y  <.nia<: 

•.d  the  materials  UM-d  were  Dimply  lu 
glass,  and   -hin-les.     The  color  >eheine.  which 
was  verv   pleasing,  was  confined  t" 
gray  body   for  the   main   buildings,  with   whito 
trimroingi  and  moss-green   I-M..K     Th. 
[iuilding  was  white.     The  leading  id- 
Koinanes(jue.      Much    l>a--ivli, •!    work    was    dono 
in  exterior  decoration,  and  on  the  l.uildin. 
peared  the  seals  of  the  11  cotton  state-.     In  the 
interior  decoration  \\eiv  employed  c,,tton. 
various  cereals  and  grasses,  and  Spani-h  moss* 
The  >ii|.erintendent   of  construction  was  ' 
Wilkins.  of  Atlanta,  and  the  snper\  i-mu-  an  hi- 
te<-t  was  iira<lford  L.  (iill.ert.  ,.f  New  Vorl 
designed  10  of  the   Ul  lar-er  l.uildin--.      The 
grounds  were  reached  by  several  lim  >  ..f  el< 
cars,  and  also  by  a  steam  railway.     Th. 
amount  expended  on  the  grounds  was  $#<>' 

Inauguration. — The  formal  opmin^  of  the 
Exposition  took  place  Sept.  1H.     The  pro, 
that  entered  the  grounds  at  one  o'< -lock  \\ 
by  Col.  W.   L.    Kell.,w.  ()f  the   fnii.-d    - 
army,  and  in  line  were  the  Fifth  Regiment.  I'ni- 
ted  States  army,  the  Washington  Artill--; 
New  Orleans,  com mande.l  by  d,i.  John  15. 

.   the    Fifth    Regiment    of   Georgia, 
various  visiting    State    troops,    IIM  hiding    t  In- 
Second    Battalion   of  colored    infant  r 
colored  Guards  from  Mat-on.     In  all  then 
95  Companies,  With   .")  Lands.     On   reaehin 
Auditorium  huildinp:.  where  the cerernonic 
held,  C»ilniore'>  Land   rendered  the  "Sal1/ 
Atlanta,"  composed  for  the  occasion  l.y  it> 
Victor  Herbert;  prayer  was  offered  I »y  i: 
Cleveland  K.  Nelson;  an  ode  written  t'.y  Frank 

:iton  was  read  l.y  Col.  . \ll.ert  Bowell;  the 
:it   of  the  Kxposition,  Charles  A.  Collier, 
delivered  the  opening  a«ldress.  and  wa-  fi.; 
l>>   Mrs.John  Thompson,  I're-ident  of  the  ! 
of  \\<  in  In-half  of  th<   \V..' 

Department.     Booker  T.  Wa-hinLrton.  principal 
of  the  Tuskegee  Normal   Institute,  th.n 
f«»r  tin  -   partment.      May..r  Kin- 

for  the  city,  and  at  a  late  hour  td  >itt'>n 

that  set  in  motion  the  engine  in  Machinery  Hall 
was  pressed  liy  1're-ident  Cleveland  in  .' 

Qal  ,  -.  Ma-. 
I  he    \dminivir,,ii,m    Building.— Thi 

the    main    entrance,    from     Fourteenth 
Street.     It  was  a  composite  in  an-hiteetui 
ing  a  reproduction  of  portion*  of  MlarnevfVtle, 

ower    of    Lonrlon.    Warwick    ' 
Rliein  rmany,anrl  St.  Michael's  on  the 

coast  of  Brittany.    An   iron-spiked   portcullis 


r  nun 


I 'RES  BUII.I'IN'! 


'  "I0 

m    z     >« ,. 


ADMINISTRATION  BUIIJ'INO. 


EXPOSITION,  COTTON-STATES  AM*   INTERN  A 


arch  war.  80  fwt  wide, 
.,^..i.._  .1,^,^1^  :_t_i.i_i 


tnd  loopholes,  d'ecplv  imbedded, 
ntM  rough-hewn  atone  and  the  IT: 

••Tal  <Uy*.    01- 
'.  glass  waa  UM<1  for  all  tl 

•v  Itll    thr   Hlltl'jU.- 

•f  i hi»  liuililin. 
s   waa    2.V 
!.  «t  an  deration  of  90S 

i in  b  wa»  900  feet 

\\ith  meutanitN* 
by  a  ntn- 

•AU  "  :  he  stage  was  commanded  from 


part  of  the  hall  and  fro* 


rvrry    DAfl  01  the   h 
'.|*ned  into  the 


••  .     :        .".     :  ::.    V,     '    •  •  •-..•     -     .•..;•-•• 

>-aii"ii.  and  waa  reachsd  br  rssaartahU  t 
~.  Ii«ai.ao4frrt  long ana*  UOIaHvida, 

trml  .1,0 
Miuan  feet.    The  ' 

;-'.-:    I 


••• 

a 


the  South  made  an  elahorate  agricoltural  dis- 

hat  of  Arkansas  being  on*  of  the  Moat 

i  •  ;  ••    mi  mrtsd  ,-  : 

floor  apace'of 
It  was  in  charge  of  W.  Q.  Vinocnneller,  State 


171 


EXPOSITION,  COTTON  STATES   AND   INTKRNATIONAL. 


facturws 


ricultora,  Mines,  and  Mftno- 
ted  byJ.  C.  Colquitt,  Sprn 
Ix-giftlature.  Theexh  I 
mmTomiM  II? narilm*-  th-  build- 

!n7s*d~   in  charge-  C.  Stubbs 

brati  of  the  MnSfftoeninl  ten,  ..f  the 

sui*.    While  one  of  the  i*,t  that  entered  th- 
.•exhibit  mm  one  of  the  most  complete. 
North  <ar  bltoftobtceowtiinadata 

»  room  nni«hc.l  in  Miacco  of  various  colors.    In 
tfceraarof  the  building  was  the  exhibit  of  live 


The  Minerals  and  Formtrj  MMim: 

the  mo*  utnqur  and  origin*!  in  point  <>f  design 
of  all  the  building*.  It  WM  constructed  entirely 
of  woods  of  the  South  in  their  natural  condi- 
tion. »u h  the  bark  undisturbed.  The  sides  and 
•ad*  of  thr  building  were  covered  with  various 
kinds  of  bark,  and  the  entrances  were  elaborately 
ornaroentcti  with  twigs  and  small  bra 
Imtuiiiii  1  with  mow*.  The  whole  had  a  length 
of  390  feet  by  80  feet,  wit  h  an  imposing  octagonal 
center  80  feet  in  diameter,  nsndfif  80  feet 
ahov«  the  n-.f.  on  which  a  garden  was  con- 
structed, with  sides  of  palms  and  palmettos. 
Prom  il.i-  r«<>f  garden  the  view  was  superb,  and 
it  van  one  of  the  chief  bftaqneting  n—«rts  of  t  ho 
Klposition.  The  selection  of  .-\i.:i.ii-  in  this 
building  wa*  mad*-  under  the  direct  superx -ision 
hand  T.  Hay.  of  theTnitrd  States  Geo- 
'  Surrey,  an-i  Dr.  H.  K.  Fcrnow,  Chief  of 


forestry.  Not  only  were  the  minerals  of  the 
South  represented  by  a  grant  variety  of  speci- 
mens, but  a  series  of  immense  ofl  pfJnonga, 
»••'  h  190  feet  long,  showed  the  geological  forma- 
tion of  the  Appalachian  region,  on  a  scale  of  one 
foot  to  the  mile.  The-*-  covered  the  ceiling  of 
the  mineral  half  of  the  building,  and  on  the 
floor  below  were  the  minerals  indicated  as  be- 
longing to  the  sections,  arranged  by  States  in 
one  direction  and  by  cusses  in  the  other.  Most 
valuable,  of  course,  were  the  coal  and  iron  ex- 
and.  ind.--d.  in  th-  collection  of  coal 
from  the  various  important  seams  in  Alabama, 
Tennessee.  Kentucky.  .rginia.  (,. 

and  North  Carolina  th.-  c,,n,,n  States  and  In- 
ternational Klposition  was  held  to  have  exceed- 
ed any  previous  ex  position.  At  no  time  in  the 
history  of  expositions,  it  is  claimed,  has  such  a 
comprehensive  collection  of  coal  sections  been 
shown,  the  value  of  a  "section"  king  in  the 
fan  that  iU  height  represents  the  full  thickness 
i.i,  it  i 


il   'if  Laki  :,.      Th.-  large. t 

coal  section  ever  mined  in  the  I 
shown:  it  was  11  feet  6  inches  high  and  weighed 
4  loo*,  having  been  taken  from  the  big  vein  at 
Bk  Garden.  Va,  where  several  weeks  were  con- 
susaed  in  mining  it.  The  display  of  iron  ores 
and  product*  began  with  the  first  bU*t  furnace 
•tw  built  in  the  fiuti-d  States—on  the  banks  of 
Bapfsjhannock  r  , 

•Ijpwn  by  a  model  of  that  n|,l  ruin   together 
wrth   somr  of  tbe  on-,  fuel.  flux,  and   pig 
made.    The  clay  products,  which  were 
•oua,  wim  rangeil  al<M 


'  wo  flde*  of 

ioff  and  inrlu.l»l  manv  varieties,  from  t! 
Bockwond  nnttrrt  to  the  earthenware  hou- 
fedsjCryofJugt.  The  fact  that  the  gran- 


it.-  •juarries   of  Stone  mountain  in  (Jeor- 
filling  an  order  for  2.500.000  cubic  feet  of  granite 
•in|>«  titioii  with  the  \\ell-known 
granii-  '  Deposit,   Md..  only  -l«>  mil. 

tnd accessible  by  water  fcransportation,  tet* 

titirs  to  the  resources  of  the  State  in  Imildm^ 
.iii-l  the  great  todustrial  develoj.inenl    m 
tliis  lin, .    Not  only  was  a  great  diversity  .  • 
mental  building  N  :i  in  the  rough  at  I  he 

Kxposition.     out     column-    turned,   lluio. 
Carved  -ho\\,.,l  that  much  money  and  talent   had 

I  •  •  h    in\.  Jt<  d    in    quarries    and'  -lr--- in^-|ilants 
in  the  .South.     The  resources  in  road  mai 
were  also  illu-trati-d.      In  th.-  ci-nter  of  th- 

••  -      cross    into    which    I!M     exhibit    space    was 
formed  by  the  arrangement  of  aisles.  H 
large  case  containing  a  complete  collect i»tl  ,.f 
Southern  gems,  including  diamonds  and  -hom- 
ing the  existence  of  line  r\i\>\<-^  ami  sapph 
Oeorgia  and  North    Carolina.     This  coli 
was  made  by  George  K.  Kun/.  of  New  Y^rk. 
A  collection  of  Southern  fresh- water  : 
included.    The  possibilities  of  the  n-j 
refractory  ores  that  were  shown,  particularly 
those  of  the  Carolina^,  under  the  new  ]>rnl-,^<'< 
for  treat  ing  them,  were  particularly  sugg. 
Much  interest  attached  to  the  exhibit  ofmona- 

nid  from  North  Carolina,  where  it  wi 
cently  found  and  is  now  mined  on  a  large 
superseding  that    formerly  obtained  only   from 
Hra/il  at  an  exceedingly  high  cost.    Itspn: 
use  is  in  the  manufacture  <•!'  the  \Yel>ba<-h  in«  -an- 
deacent gas  burner. and  the  exhiliit  included  tin- 
lighting  of  the  entire  building  by  the  \\Y 
Company.     Another  exhibit  froni  the  saim 
was  that  of  the  manufacture  of  acetylei- 
The  manufacture  of  aluminium   from  (Georgia 
bauxite  ore  was  also  exhibited,  as  was  tin- 
ress  of  asbestos  from  the  crude  rock  to  the  finest 
textile  products.    The  only  State  north  of  Ma- 
son ana  Dixon's  line  that  made  a  display 
mineral  resources  in  this  building  was  Pennsyl- 
vania,    The  entire    economic  exhibit   of    the 
United  States  Geological  Survey  was  here  made. 
and     included    a    statistical    column     !'• 
high,  showing  the  total  production  ,,f  each  min- 
eral in  the  South  for  every  minute  in  th> 
The  most   prominent  feature  was  a  cube  o I 
11  feet  on  each   side   and   weighing  55   i'>u-t 
which  was  surmounted  by   a  cube  of   iron  4| 

D  each  fide,  weighing  7  tons,  and 
this  was    a   huge    barrel    of    petroleum 
taining  305  gallons.     Opposite  thiscolumi 
a  similar  one  showing  the  <|iiantity  of  wood  cut 
for  ea«  f  time  during  the  year  in  the 

II  Southern  States.    The  base,  represent ii 
amount  of  wood  of  all  kinds  cut  for  al! 
poses,   contained   'J?r>    cubic    feet.     The    & 
block  presented  the  amount  cut  for  lumber,  ami 
contained    :',.">  cubic    feet:  while   the   oih< 
their    diminishing    succession,    stood     for    the 
amount  cut  of  the  different  timber  In  ••-  of  t  he 
Smth.  U-ginning  with   the  long-leaf  pine,  in  -1 
pieces,  each  18  inches  in  diameter  and  :!0  ii 
nigh.     Parallel   ]\i\<^  on    the   si. 

showed  the  proportion  of  the  product   of 
State,  Tennessee  being  first  in  the  total  amount 
of  wood  cut  and  in  the  amount  cut  for  lumber. 

In  addition  to  map.  chart-,  and  ot  I  ^ 
illustrations,  a  scries  of  20  monographic 
plays  presented  each  of  the  great    lumber- pro- 


.    STATES   AM»   INTKIIXATIONAI. 


.: 


^Hff  trees,  in  monster  frames  made  of  the    000  square  fast  of  floor  space. 

tlMfnselves.      >!•  r,   il,«j,  :  l.e   phu«  ,: 

es  were  represented  far 


It 


^b  wood  botanical 

•«  such  a-  have 

n.»l.-  of*  lumU  r  ,li.plays,    A 

r  was 

-.«*!  ii.. 

*rriurth  is  l<»t  bv  hie 


imalr.1.  n 

In-  turpentine 
te  SoulA.    One  or  the  mart  imi».r- 

W*»  A   net    of   thr 

tv«l    n    lllO-m  iv    fnrm    in    t 

eroded  ami    en  Miing 

>ch  a  rnrui:  HI, -I  thr  thml  »howed 

h  pro|,-r  pro|M.rtions  ami 

<  -t.  itn.i  inisturagr.     lliu-- 

rees  thnt  tt  udcfirablc 

ito  the  South,  notably  the  eucalyp- 

Notation  of  the  orange  groves  of 

cork.wi  -tiulf;  ami  tl.r 

r  tan  lurk.    Michigan  mad* 

•  were  also  -h.  \\n,  •  f 

r..in   Hi.-  rra«lle  in   which  I'hOBM 

i   rooked  to  a  full-, 


llllil.lili-.      :-• 

t  wide,  had  a  floor  area  of  47.800 
w  feet.    The  root  80  feet  high,  was  sup- 
••aw  trasses,  and  large  windows  and 

tTonlod  ait  :ttion  mnl 

'n.nK  ,-n. 

'>  suit  the  materials 
it  an  altitude  of  028  above  sea 
,  and  fronted  north  UJH,  n  the  lake.   A  base- 
i  H  f,-rt  ,i..-j.  oontnin<Ml  ail  it..-  proriai  M 
,-.  so  that  all  the 

••ad  was  preserred  clear.    The  power 
i  was  contained    in  an  annex    buflding. 
H>  power  of  engines  were  sh.  .  w  n  . 
•n  plant  i  f..r  th.    r 

of  gold  fn«m  th«-  native  uunf.  -r«  >UH  r«*  k^ 
especial  interest 

tat  i..  n  Hnildlng,  on  the  east- 
was  the  next  large 

;»r.  a  -f  5A.OOO 
«>|uar  .'rrosetoa 

'••  '•:  ^-H  af- 

^^B  *Q  extensive  view  of  th.-  ^nnnuU  ami 

racks  were   laid 

nu'.an.l   in  >..1.1>- 

' 


was  shown  a  m 

progress  of  the  South  in 

-•rtatimi  ilurin>r  tln»  past  quar- 

was  trace<l.  ami  a  hi-t.-n,-  interest 

war  engines  of  the  Western  ami 

..n.l  I  ii..-ral  Art*  Build. 
M*  WSA  naturally,  t  i  of  all.     It  was 

.-lv   A 


manded  a  view  of  •vary  part  of  the 

to   Ihr   4frl,rral    rfl,-,  I  .   wh.J.-     lU     tMStlOl     VM  OM 

t^.__.^__^.  L._II   «_;_!._. i  i_        -• •  — i_       I*|MM» 

•' 

gracefully  turned  truMrV    Flags, 
•M,  »ml  tjanners  of  all  nations 
floated  ovrr  .f  endlMS  variety  ;  ins  ex- 

:    •    •         f    :.-.'--.'r.-.  •        , 


were  gallf  has  round  all  UM  aklsa,  and  a 

Mi  rv     Of  M     f-.'     •!..     r   .?.-:.-     .  .;;••• 

massif*  and  gracefully  turned  tmssrs. 


here,  with  t 

indivi.iu 


.  PS 


,,.      .,        ,,     ., 


many  inuivtuuai  eritfwni.     cm  tne  broad 

•  -  .         ..,••<-...          ' 

MiiMing.  were  arranged  in  at  least  100  awv 
Itic-ationai  .  ihibiu— frt.m  many  of 


in.talled 
and 

lialrony,  \ 
t.u.I.I 

tions  UM  etineauonai  einioni    PUIII  many 
the  larger  colleges  and  from  UM  public 

n.     M  italNlnr.  which  occupied 

one  of  the  best  locations  on  the  grounds,  eoav 

>no*  remarkable  eierfjioal 

..,»....:  •         :.         •  -*        f     •• 

made  within  th<-  \**'.  two  years.    This 

had  a  fl.  -r  an  a  ot  21.000  square  feet,  being 

fert  long  and  - 

I- .rtaU  and  a  central  dome  00  feet  in  diameter. 

rising  to  a  height  of  100  feet  above  the  floor 

In  .the  evenings  thousands  of 
li^'htn,  great  and  small,  reflected  the 
of  the  beautiful  structure  in  UM  waters  of  UM 

of  th. 

Ih.    I  nited  StatetKoiemmrBt  Building 
he  most  conspicuous  position  on  the 

the  plaza,  which  lay  at  least  00  feet  below  UM 
level  of  its   foundation.      Prom  its  balconies 
•n  of  the  grounds  and  of  each  sepa- 
rate building  was  within  easy  view.    It  was  200 
ngbv  180feetwi.le.wuh  an  .> 

tie  a  total  area  of  58400 


n  were  no  galleries,  and  no  part  of 
UM  building  was  utilised  above  UM  grand 

the  exception  of  three 

'ices.    Tne  cost  was 
was  designed  by  and  erected  ui 

ur\   iH-partmeiit,     The  exhibit,  which  was  in 

oharg'  fharlc*  \V.  Itabney.  Jr..  A«**t- 

^•cretary  of  Agriculture,  was  UM  finest 


ve  department  wa* 
Department  made  praetioallr  tne  sameexhiWt 
jo—  of  historical  doramenta.  «*u  («. 
pern  an.l  tn«n.  v  |.-nmii*  and  nrlirs,  tne  ssal 

-,    With 


pern 

of    the    I 

..pment.  the  innsr 
.  ffloe  and  of  the 

•'  let  ten  to 

.-growth  of  o«r 
The  * 


.  f    IU 

'  •   .    .--    .- 
tatfinthe 


monev.  i 

together  with  a  coin-stamping  machine  in 

Charts  and  diagrams,  *8 'por- 
traits of  the  Secretaries  of  the  Treasury  from 
1180  to  18B,  models  of  lighthouses,  illuminating 
apparatus,  fog  signals,  ete,  of  UM  United  States 
hcnthMMe  SaStoenU  while  the  life-saving 
Mat  ion.  with  a  crew  and  life-saving  apparel  o*. 
was  in  a  separate  building  on  the  banks  of  UM 


lake  and 


,       ,,N    x,   M'i:>     \M>    I\li:i;NATIoNAI, 


eahiWlions  from  time  to  time. 


Ukc  an    am  ealons    rom     me   o    ime. 

The  PMeJO**  Bur~u  of  Kd.irath.il.  Indian 
and  OeotosiifsJ  Surrey,  all  under  the  In- 
lWf»fimmt.  filled  the  spaces  allotted  to 

...       ...•  „  particular.,, 

•  •••••'•  •'•'  :":, 

never  beta*  exhibited,  of 

& 

Survey  mae  a».  of  the 

a*k»|  wealth  of  the  whole  South*  e^ 

\\  ,,'•<,  Indian 
H  .hown.  IVward  *>f  10.000  square 
allotted  to  the  Tinted  State- 

.    »|imrium  of  which   was  ar- 
••,    |    In   .-I.  ;,,i  trOtt 
ler.    Both  wit  -vat  or  and  freen-water  fi*h 
WOT  exhibited,  with  nil  the  methods  of  propa- 
n, especial  effort  being  made  to  show  the 
and  game  fishes.  as  well  as  th.-  curious 
Smth.    The  Agricultural  IH»|>art- 


:    ..(MK-ial    attention    I-    the 
,,f  tin-  country,  particularly  the  orange 
and  citrus  fruits.  which  were  represented  by 


Diseased  condition*  were  set  forth. 
together  with  the  insects  inimical  to  plant  life. 
and  the  chemicals  and  instruments  used  to  ex- 
iate  them.  The  cotton  plant  was  fully 
treated  in  a  similar  manner,  in  a  series  of  fac- 
tumtlc  m.-l.-iv  Diseases  of  animals  were  t 
also.  The  Weather  Bureau  presented  a  full  set 
of  its  working  apparatus.  The  exhibits  of  the 
War  and  Navy  Departments  were  contained  in 
the  annex.  1*hat  of  the  War  Departmenl  in- 
cluded manv  rare  Revolutionary  and  other  his- 
torir  relics,  battle  flags,  etc.,  while  the  arms  and 
aecouterments  from  the  earliest  days  of  the 
nation  to  the  present  were  shown,  with  all  f <  ,nns 
of  army  wagons,  pack  mules,  ambulances,  manv 
of  them  used  on  historic  fields,  with  mo,: 
harbors  and  river  works,  and  a  field-signal  out- 
Belies  of  arctic  exploration  found  place 
In  addition  to  the  full  illustration  of  the 
growth  and  history  of  the  department,  two 
companies  of  n  .linud  in  camp  <m  the 

grounds  to  present  tne  tactics,  regulatioi, 
discipline  of  the  army.     Models  of  our  navy. 
from  the  earliest  ships  to  the  latest  armored 
cruiser  and  battle  ship,  were  shown  by  t  h 
Department,  with  all  the  guns  and  prajeetQai 
in  use  in  modern  warfare,  and  on  the  <i< 
the  building  was  placed  one  of  the  powerful 
search  lights  of  our  Uttle  ships,  which  assisted 

of  the    Government    from    the 


postal   service    of  the    Government    from    the 
earliest  times  was  exhibited,  with  all  mailing 
eonipmenu.  the   workings  of  the  dead 
oftce.  and  a  collection  of  all  the  stamps  ever 
iseeedb?  the  Government.    TheDenartn 


by  theOovernm«t)t.    The 
Jnstlee  pnauuiuJ  |K.H rails  of  all  th< 
Oansral  of  .<i  states  from 


t  li<-  I  inn'  of 


Baodolph.  in  1780,  many  of  whom  were  S..,t  h- 

'      •:,:.'.-    ,x.:n- 

pttfledthe  discipline,  em,  I  ,  ,1- 

era!  Minns  ami  prisoners.    To  the  Smith* 
aionand 


feet,  the  purpose  of  the  exhibit  be- 
rrr  »n  impression 

.•  tin  Smith- 


,.f  the  Government  at  Atlanta  exceeded  that 
made  at  Chicago,  at  about  one  seventh  of  n,,. 
ooei 

I  he  I  MM  \i  i-  IJuildinir.'.'  cup \muMhehigW 
«-st  Mte  in  the  grounds,  was  the  im-i  >ho\\\  of  all 
the  buildings,  and  theonh  one  finished  in"  white. 
It  was  dcsip i' d  b\  Walter  T.  Downing,  of  Atlan- 
ta. It  con-iMed  i.'f  a  main  central  buildin- 
rolniM  iK'e-.and  t\\i-  wide  \\ill--. 

through  semicircular  porticoes  on  tl,. 

south   sides.      The  exterior   was   covered   with 

.  and   on    the  fric/.e  a; 
names 01  noted  architects  and  artist 
done  in  aluminite  .staff  work.     The  inter.. 
1  three  large  galleries,  the  main  < 

feel     loll-.    :.!»    feet     wide,    and      l<»     feel      hi. 

surrounded    by   .  The  WUJH 

galleries  were  5()  feet  \\ide.  IIHI  feet  )         and^l 
._•!:.     I  he  total  wall  space  for  hangifl 
purposes    was   80,0(Mi  f.-i-t.    wh; 

u'r«  Hi  ml  area  covered  was  21,000  squa 
comparative  me  rit  this  department  wa-on. 
weakest  of  the  Kxposiii«.n.  though  man\ 
paintings  were  to  be  seen,  and  main 
Statues  in  bron/e  and  marble. 

The  I'ire  Itiiildini:  served  the  double  purp 
of  housing  a  modern  and  thoroughly  eat 

_'  all 


ngs  in  Wa»l.  In  ^.u.t  of 

was  generally  conceded  that  th.-  exhibit 


fire  depart  incut  and  that  of  exhibiting 
tier   of   apparatus   and    iixturrs    for    prota 
;  fin-.     It   had  a  main  frontair«-  i,f  1 

depth  of  60  feet,  and  was  con  in •<•)(•(!  •, 
•.position  buildings  by  the  Game  well  slafl 
system.    A  Bremen's  tournament  \\a-  \t>-'. 
Oct.  11.  in  which  11  companies  participated. 
I  In- \\oiu aii's  Iliiildinir.  \\hichrMmpetedwith 
'•.  rt  Palace  for  tin-  distinct imi  of  IM-JIIL:  tin- 
most  beautiful  structure  on  the  grounds.  Mood 
in  the  center  of  the  amphitheater.  In  t  wren  tksl 
plaza  and  the  lake.     It   was  designed  by  Jj^l 
tir,  of  I'ittsburtf.     It  was  three 'storie? 
hi^h.  in  pale  yellow  and  white,  >urnn'unted  by  a 
compro^cd   d'onie.  nj»oii   which   SICMM!   a   female 
figure  of  Enlightenment,  with  uplifted  toroji 

There  wa-  a  .-implicit y  in   it>  pure  (Jreek  dflSJ^I 
whicli   made  it    unique  anx.n-  the  build.- 

.po-ition.     The  bn,ad  p(»rtico  in  front  waf: 

Supported      by     lal-^e     colui:  dimeli-iipll? 

!.VI  byVjs    feet,  and    th.-  dome  was  JH)  feet! 

hijrh.    All  prominent  pedestals  of  ih>  rooflfll 

•  wned  with   statues  symb 

woman.     An  annex  building  n-cei\ed  the  over- 
flow of  exhibit-.     The   M  i    UuildH 
also  coi it  a                     '  imi  of  tho-e  belonginj^H 
the    \Voiii;in'>    l-'.ducalional    Department.      Omj 
large   room    in    the    building. 

of    the    fuicr   arts,   was    firej 
most  original  feature  was  the  practu  al  i 
t  ion  of  the  industrial   and  applied  arts.-. 
being  shown  as  engHL 
tions  conceded  ti.  In-r  «-.-x.  but   in  tl 
-he  ha-  trenched   upon   the  domain 
ma-euline.       In    the    department    (1 
er-onomics  was  shown  an  exhibit  of 
electricity.       A     library    of    book-     writ: 
women  was  contained  in  the  main  buildii. 
their  mu-ical  comji. 

and   inventions,  together  with   art    wopl. 
the  innumerable  form-  of   m-edlewo: 
NMilpture.    architectural    <le-i^n-.    el 
recognition,  as  well  u.-  th'.-ir  |»ro-re.-.-  in  ' 
erul  profe.— . 


:Ir,  * 


Ti:\SM-..i:i  vii    --    i     .:  :  IN.. 


•• 


•RICITY 


ART  w  ILIUM;. 


N-STATES  AND  DfTERHATIONAL 


m 


r.ulldlng.  th.-    movement 

..ilioll  management,  wa- 

..-  |*rk,  n1 

Mtral 

(r»ncr    was    arti-t  I     iti 

iir»--  tin- 1  i;r»ii|M  re|>rv*mlaliv<«  of 

•  for  H  havmi;   U.  n   I,  t  t 

AII>    fill., 
•nou  nt  watf  put 

•mpany,  althMgfe  the  negroes proposed  at  flnt 
4  if  allowed  space 
«.i*    rifi  i,    :., 


ions  were  aft  e  mm  n  I 

•  •«•«•*.      I.  (tarlaml    : 
Won-  Ml.it. 

the  race  was  most  creditable, 
were  represented  \i\  th.   Nagro 

wet  ing  $10.000.    Thirty  models 
•  r.-  -ni   to  the 


maustris  •   01   Hampton 

Be;  while  the  lit 

4  a  negro  with  -IN.I, 
'  was  pronounced  r«-in»rknl>l v  fine,  as 
Ktliumiia 
also 

ve  hand  work  by  o< 
evt-n  a  medical  formula  and  - 

<  lesign  by  a  col- 
books  written  aii'l  newspapers 
copy 

t  In-  n-«|u«'Ht  of  r 

i  ilnift  of  th<- 
f  CltarU-s  - 

;  |B| 
lasa  wan  in  the  basemnit.  while  the 

11  200 

lie  model  of  t  h«*  < ••  wit  <  >f  ;» • 

tim*0glrtli..r,. 


war  \\.-r--  t  •  U  tH 
**\  the  "UltK-« 
mountain,  from 


v.     IVrhaf*  the  most  strik 

ll.at   of    .1 

feet  fog.  4  fa*  Widr 

•  1  by  S  smaller  MM 


The  Georgia  Manufacturer*'  Build! 

•A  k-  ,  r.    '.,:<.•,-.       ••--.. 

of  the  manufacturer* 

•T,.rt  i-vrr  iiiailr  to  illu»trmt«  the 

progress  of  a  Southern  Stale.    It  «a 

.a  aouthof 

me.  ami   th.-uch   it 


•      '  '  . 


-J  '•    •     .     . 
rfl|   I      :    !.        , 


!.     •  .r,    MB  ||ed  " 

fabrics.  Mwmill.  flour  and  grist  mill 
pumps,  gins  and  cotton  presets,  cot) 
and  liy-productB.  with  f«-mli/*-m  and  the  varioe* 
ordinary  lines  of  manufactared  goods. 
oihrr  Slate  KihiblU.-BceiteOeotim.Uw 
I«r1icii*tr«l:  AtaUma.  Ariuu»- 
-u».    «  '/ihf'-n.i.i. 

Louisiana,  Ml 
Una.  Pennsylvania, 

The  large**  api>rt>|>riation  of 
Oslde  by    Pennsylvania.    whi<h    pirc>    f: 

...     ,. 


itrt  partlctpateil :  Alabama,  Arkao- 

,,.    .  -,.„..-,    /       !•:,      !      -      v 

EMMS  iei  Foti    N  rtt  •  M 

Ivania,  i.uth  (  an.lma.  and  Tenner 


..u  divided  bet 


'    •- 


,iiy  fiivuica  between  toe  cost  or  n» 
ng  and   r 

nuil.ling  was  pronounced  by  some  tbe  finest  of 
all  th,.  structure..    It  was  low.  flnisned  in  pore 


white,  with  a  brad-Old  vrranda  and  a  double 
cxtm.lmg  forwartl  from  each  sod  of  jjw 
building.     In  it  stood  the  Liberty  Bell,  and 


th.-  inr.  NsHs)|  to  •Mm*    I  I     •••   :   M 
aim  de«d  fir** 
br  James,  Duke  of  York  an.l  Albany,  to  William 

-•al«-  building*.  It  wan 

arranged  and  utiliaed  solely  as  beadquartctB  lor 
the  oommuvionen*.  and  a  rmort  for  those  visit- 
ini:  t!  from  the  CammonwwhlL 

Th-  >tat,-  ,\  i  -  f  birth  u  Is  .  >  -*« 
placed  in  the  Manufacture*  ami  LiU-ral  Art* 
Building,  nnd  WAS  Tery  fine.  It  was  «alned  at 

«*).    The  work  dOM  in 
was  also  shown,  and  was  of 

.  and 

fttjOOO  on  a  building  and  .  > 
State  erecting  also  a  cottage  thai 

.—  •n  in  household  ccoaomfes. 
•  drrivtd 

>..rk  Build- 
we*  of  sumo  awl  . 
on  ttositoof  thePtedmtx 
aft.  r  the  Riposition  wasorer  mejr.1 


bv  arrangement  to  be  used  ai 

al  anu»nation  ,.f  f  15.000  made  by  the 

It  «. 


l  appnu»nation 
»*  of  a  hnght  rmnarr  o, 
••me  north  lastora  portion 
MO>1  high  bluff  overlooking  I*,  a.  htr^-  < 

.r  it   «a«  thr   Ma«e^hn 

aliama  Build- 

Many     in»r.  for  which  $30,000  was  rabed  IIT  private 

i.  ami     MiWriptinn.  ami  which  held  a  magnificent  rep- 

.      rvxrntatton  of  the  Stalo*->  natural  ami  developed 

Cobb    resources.    The  appropriation  made  by  Conneo- 


;.   I        .;.    ,  ,\         .         >\    -; \  1T>     \M»    INTKKNATloNAL. 


led  upon  n  iMiiM- 
r\htlut«  n»   M««h»m-ry 
JMins*      I 

included  morr  than  100  va- 

, #»  "'I   "-   f 

»rn.  ramie  and   jute.  Periqos 
•-m  th«  parish  of  8t  James.  wl> 
is  exdttsivriy  grown),  cypress  wood  <of  which 
tft*  State  C^faooaOOb  feet  yrarlr)  salt 
the  mine*  on  Amy  island,  one  nhii.it  of 
.*,  .^v  i  single  block  of 

mJt   and   vnghm*  5  ton*,  represent m^ 

»nd  lumps  of  sulphur  from  the  vicinity  of 
Charim.    On  IxHiisiana  day  car  loads  of 
me  wvre  distributed.    In  the 

of  the  Woman**  Building  was  exhibited  a 

pifltars  of  the  only  woman   (•>  whom   a   public 
•      .         •  •         r.  ar.  i    n   \:n.  ric  i.  the 
Margaret    Haugherty,    of    New 

Carolina  was  represented  by  private 
North  Carolina  sent.  among  other 
thiagB*  the  entire  collection  ftatt  Mu- 

•ram.  Arkansas  spent  her  total  appropriation 
of  $10.000  upon  her  exhibit,  an.)  a  similar 
by  Mississippi.  California 
baring  a  building  of  her  own  ..f 
mission  type,  on  the  south  side  of  the 
the  Southern  Railway  entrance, 
which  was  erected  under  the  auspices  oft' 
Antrim  Board  of  Trade,  while  the  State  Board 
of  Trade  wont  the  material  collected  for  the  ( 'hi- 
ra*o  fair  at  a  cost  of  $100,000.  which  was  in- 
rtallcd  in  the  Manufactures  Building.  On  the 
la  $25.000  was  expended.  It 
was  contained  chiefly  in  the  building  of  the 
Plant  System  of  railways  and  steamships,  in 
the  form  of  a  pyramid  100  feet  smiare  at  the 
baM  and  00  feet  high,  veneered  with  phosphate 
a*  a  r  iorida  rock  on  two  sides, 

Florida   pebble  on   the  third,  and   South 
lina  phmphatc  on  the  fourth.    It  was  entered  by 
wide  doors  on  the  four  sides,  and  the  interior 
of  a  room  100  feet  squan  and  20  feet 
Anothern  rai  made  by  the 

Railway   in  a  building  of  its  own, 
octagonal  and  ornamented  with  bas-reliefs  in 
plaster,  showing  the  progress  of  transpor 
from  the  days  of  the  stagecoach  to  the  vestibule 
train.    The  exhibit  of  the  resources  along  the 
line  of  this  railway  was  very  fine,  and  th 
cost  of  the  build  ing  and  its  contents  was  $25,000. 
KxhlblK— N< 

officially,  but  half  the  space  in 
the  Manufacture*  and  Liberal  Art*  Building 
was  oonipied  by  exhibits  from  those  na 
Italy,  which  wnt  tho  largest  numlM-r.  showed  im- 
portant and  beautiful  collations  of  marble 
statuary, carved  and  artistic  furniture  of  all  dc- 
paneU  and  drawing- PK.UI 
•rtistic  bronxes,  Roman  and  Floren- 
tian  glancware.  artistic  majol- 
,  Neapolitan  coral-  and  tortoise- 
Roman  cameos,  artistic  jewelry. 


Bntain 


pharmaceu- 
and  scientific  books 

•nd  '/7*1  Tarietr  <>f  "xliihits 

oils,  wine^  a  Great 

artistic  pottery,  electro-plate  and 


•A  are.   cut    crystals   Slu-tVidd   cutlrn 
iningham   goods,    llrudford    wot.lens  and    cloth. 
-,    piiuiiis,    furniture,    chemical 
•  •otta,  Statuary,  ship  mod. 

railway  appliances,  b<  Tin   1  r«  i 

hibit  c'..n-i-t.d  of  tape^lrirs.  rich  dra\\n> 
furniture,  bmn/es.    lamp>.  upholstery. 

scientific  and  electrical  appliain  -  -.  marim   and 
mathematical    iii^trumciii-.    I'ari-ian    no\ 
jewelry  ninl  fancy  ••rnaments.enainr; 
used  n't  I'asleur's  In-titute  for  the  di.M'o\, 
treatment   of    bacteria    and    bacilli,    perl 
soaps,  wines, and  liquors.    An-;:  '  ermani 

sent  pianos,  artistic  majolica.  Dresden  china  and 

.  new    ph.  lo-painiin-.- 
:ic    apparatus    and    a|iplianc< 
s.-nt     Brussels    lace,  embroiileries.    jiatent 
stitching  machines,   operative  exhibils  of  glass 
en-ravini:.  fancy   gOOOS,  chocolates, 
while  Kussia  was  represented  by  a  superln 
tion  of  furs,  and  by  stulTed   bears,  seal 
other  animals,    Russian    silversmith    woi •':. 
enamels,  carved  wood,  atid  art  fabi 

M-  xico  appropriated  $25,000  for  an  exhibit  at 
the  Kxpo-iiinii.  which  was  not  in-tall. -d  until  the 
first  week  in  November.    It  occupied  •l.mos.juare 
u  the  north  end  of  the  Transportation 
Building.     The  decorative  work  was  in  r 
tional  colors  of  the  republic,   and   the  exhibit 
represented  its  natural  and  industrial  pr< 
The  assortment  of  Mexican  onyx  was  e-peeially 
fine,  and  mineral  ores  wore  displayed  in 
q mint ities,  as  were  cereals  and   fibrous  n 
nal,  and  food  plants.     Photographs  on  glass 
traced  the  progress  of  Mr xi.,,  fn m  the  tit 
the  A /tecs,  and  a  special  feature  was  the  . 
tion  of  the  idols  of  the  A/tecs,  which  ha\, 
before  been  sent  out  of  the  country.  1  Mind  by 
the  Mexican  National  Museum. 

The  only  foreign  country  that  erected  a  build- 
ing of  its  own  was  Costa  Hica.  which,  with  nn 
appropriation    of   $5,000,  had  two  pavili 
the    Moorish  style,  on  the  "peninsula"  : 
t  he  lake  opposite  Machinery   Hall.     lull 
fitted  up  as  a  theater,  were  exhibited  2,000 
opticon  views  of  Costa  Rica,  while  t  i 
a  restaurant  and  coffee  house,  was  especially  in- 
tended to  interest  visitors  in  the  coffee  pi 
tion  of  the  country. 

Th.   Argentine  Republic  was  the  fii 

ieipatc  in  the  Kxpo-ition.  appropj 
$25,000.  and  its  exhibit  was  in  the  Min- 
Forestry  Building,  occupying  the  whole  . 
end.  It  consisted  of  valuable  woods,  ma: 
rid  ies  of  wools,  and  grains  of  all  kinds. 

In  the  Woman's  Building  was  an  cxhi 
exquisite  Natute  lace  handkerchiefs.  m;i 
hand  by  the  women  of  Paragi... 

Adjoining  the  Mexican  exhibit  in  the 'I 
port  at  ion  Building  was  that  of  Vene/ue! 
g  of  279  samples  of  woods,  gold  •; 

.and  admirable  displays  of  e< 
hides,   asphalt,   jwtrolciim.    co'al.   cotton.    ; 
marble,  indi-o.  the  milk  <»f  the  cow  I 

The  exhibit   of  Chili,  for  which  $10.000  were 
appropriated,  con-isted   in  a  gi 
most  conspicuous  export   of  that  count  r. 
of  soda,  a  natural  fertili/ 

M-  \i'-an    and    .Tapar 

by  natives  of  those  countries  without  (• 
nient  aid.    The  Mexicans  had  a  theater  and  a 


FARMERS*  CONGRESS. 


t?7 


stem  boll  fight,  end  in  the  Tillage  were  also  ex. 
rohawlogioal  remains 

•lUUM-iiH-lil  f.afur.  -  *•  r-     f.M.  I      i.    "..     M  .:.».» 

.-•  AIM!  JarlUDB 

twrtiiaii,  and  l'u»."H.--*   village!    .»  M,-';      \1  .... 
i:  .          .   -.  -*  trained-animal  »h..w.  ui(h  a  mod- 


ijrfCMn  and  the  jury 

NTvt  •  •  f  •  M    '        ' 


-r,..,-      f  .   ..;  '       ,..  -  •          '     •    -. 

M-M.ai  MM]  pnwtt  .....  vMfi  -•  -.  -.;,  .  ..    s 
Unea  involved,  and  the  awards  wm  Mdtipoil 


•     -., 

i    , 


,  f  ...... 


.  - 

neater.  «!«..  closing 
nrse  were  brought  from 
Wheel,  but  was  much  It, 

ractions    WM    a    i> 

of-  rbeStOfmtofoJ  \\  .  .  H.u- 

eatures  of  the   Kxposition   in- 
rnmmv  on  the  grou 
»Mfed     OffMlbaUoM       Oil 

ininVn  binds 

Eihth  Hi 


ACT  o   te    ne  art*. 
Mition  was  well  •ttondcd.  |«rticular- 
.  1.    It  was  vuitixl  bjr  a  larg«  crowd  on 
*.  when  28,000  men  of  tturCiraml 
who  attended  theo|» 

>n  Oct.  84  50,000  people  were  u|*>n 

•  hind,  with  tin- 
.liinrt  am!  Indirff,  WMrri-' 
U)  iwh  «>f  tin-  Slat. 
nee*,  t  f  \\ivnv  States 

it  day.  ami   Nor.  25 
•re  especially  to  be  noted 

tlnntn  dav.  Doofeaenm  day,  Negro 
day.  and   In  man  day.     t  Hi  aome  OC- 

I  'xposition  came 

Ul  r.mtimmiHv  man. 
agreaiea    were   held,  notably  those 

il   AsMK-iation.  h.-ld 

tian    I'm-.  n.  held    tlu>   Iir>t   wvk    in 
and  tl  d  ooogreaMS,  held  in 


aistnooUMi  IB  groups  rrirreepneMimg  to  the  Ian 

.!,  j.nr',1!..  I.'.-      M..!.  r      »l...  I,      M .,     .  i'.   f  fa 

,       '     .1         V         .        .-     i   ••:..•-.     r      .,•     . 

exceptional  instances)  in  gi*ld  were  awarded  for 
high  degrees  of  merit.  The  jurors  met  to 
Atl*.  l.V a ixl  rrarlH.lt heir cooclusions 

'I  t..-  .l.-ifc-n  •  f  Kb    I  f!     ||     I  Ifl  •    '    :•  ,  •:«  -      ' 

..n  the  one  side  ft  bale  of 

i  .  •  •  •  ••).     :.  \»  •.'..»  i-  :  •  •    '         ••  ..... 

wings  a  pbotnix.    Under  the  bale  aiifjeared  nrrs 

ritcii.  and  above 

were  the  figures  -  U05."  Around  the  edges  of 
the  me*lal  were ,  ttmiJuUi 

and  Intematiot. 
side  the  words -Atlanta 

',<ember  81st,  IWft."    On  the 
was  a  vignette  of  Henry  W.  iira.lv.  and 
the  edges  the  wordt M  Official  Hoovenir 
The  medals  were  of  bronxe,  the  exact  siav  of  m 

liar. 
:. (Been  of  the  Exposition 

mUbBtand 


toood  Vie*-r>.Wem:  W.  D,  Grmni. 


nu,  Traasurar:  J   J 


'     : 


Fourth  Vice- 

K .».-/. 

A«!>lani  Srcrvun  :  «.r.»t   ^  >lkia«.  fhirf  of 
struetion  and  LeiJseape  B^toasr:  Btedted 

.c«  F.  Foster.  M»- 
ehwkeland Electrical  Knglnesr. 

nmiasioncrs: 
Q    II 


n— — »,— .  •»  Moko;    1     .. 
to  Booth  Asasriea;  A.  MassU. 

.    \       -  -      r         • 


iliejntty;  who  devind 


an 


>f  the  individual-judge 


to  Austria. 

Thecl  .irtments  were  ae 

Crant  W  ilk  ins,  Osustiwyllnii ;  E.  U 

*•*». 

nrr>  ;  II.  M.  Atk 

l^ay,MiBerals;V 
Bradley.  TUM  Ar 

\     F»Mcr. 

•Ions;  James  K.  Wy U»,  Agi iysjlMyejsjsje^Oaii 

('hanitx-rlain.  M anafaciejvs  aad  Liberal  AH 

••  was  also  a  Board  of  Directors, 
of  68  men.  and  a  Hoard  of  Woman 
with  Mrs.  Joseph  Thompson  M 


}  \KMI  RVI  OM. i:K8B.    The  fifteenth  an- 
Ml  sesaion  of  this  body  met  in  the  au-i 
Kxposition  grounds,  at  Atlanta 

mvious  arrangcraen  ting  as-    appointed  and  com ui ia^oned  by  the 

Brican  form  and  conUnued  for    ofthesevera 


lion  of  the  kind  in  the  world, 
a  noapolMcml.  agricultural 

^_^_i  '    t    •*.»*     ranr«*rntali 
DOSeQ    01    »rut*     n  ^rr^rntMM 


*an-Amoriran 

Tins 


is  the  largest  organixa- 


_  States  and.  in  this  butane*,  rspre- 
sentatives  of  the  German  Kmpire.  Chili,  Vine- 


in 


FARMr.K- 


aria,  and  Meiie*.  bf  R  a  Baron  Ton  Hermann, 
•jriortwai  a*«aM  of  the  German  l« 
3So7  Jollo  M.  Pbater,  Bailor  Franobco  Javier 

mrr...   intiiisler    fr-.m 
,.  in  the  "Her  named. 

Af£  pcarar  by  tbc  R*J.  Mr.  Hn.n  « f  Geor- 
.LrVcterKin. 


M^^Tn'addrWoT  welcome, and  wa§  fol- 
ImradbT  Mr.  llunnin.it.  in  I- half  of  tho  Georgfc 
Airrt«-tiltun»l  \*mwiaii«m.  and  by  Dr.  II  <  . 

u"  '   '       '•       '      '      '     '• 

UMaTatldrfaM  war*  iwpoodad  to  by  Sex  r 
auhUof  IllinoU  and  by  President  (  layton.of 


Praaidrnt  (Marten  then  delivered  his  annual 
in  which  he  rniii: 


wm  the 


The  an  of  ettltiralinf  It*  pound  and  of  obtain  n«r 
ecessary  •,-  .npp,.rt  animal  life 
la  the  development  of  tl 
by  the  Euphrates,  the  Ti*ns.ai..l  the 
HMa7  Like,  the  ancient  settler*  of  the  valley  -t  the 
Nik,  the  aaUfiant  from  all  civilisations  a.m.-  M  ml- 
tfvate  UM  rich  vallev,  in  this  ,rrcat  new 
oat*.  And  while  they  better  ondentand  the  art  of 
the  soiU  the  mode  seems  primitive  in  com- 
«rt  with  which  we  are  now 
-  fort-father*  in  the  hetrinninir  were 
merchant*,  and  tnanu- 


fcoMren.  complete,  though  primitive,  in  the  in.li- 
vUlual.  Pint  and  foremost  they  were  fanners,  and 
usad  other  avocations  merely  as  incidental  t<>  the 
Crst  and  chief  employment  Less  than  a  half  eent  urv 
ha* -lansed  since  the  »|  i  the  han.f- 

and  necess 


la  the  Aim-r'K-an 

yean  ago  the  Ame'rican  fanner  li\»-<l 
.entirely  within  hia  own  reeoureea  and  within 
tf  H.  i.uilt  hb  own  cabin,  cot»trurtr.l  hwown 
ead  chimney,  and  feahioned  hi»  own  tann 
ta.  A  portion  of  the  field  was  net  wide  for 
and  when  it  wan  pulled,  bleached,  and 
waa  manufactured  into  textile  fabric  to 
of  the  fain  1  1  v. 


; gantry  has  been  developed,  the  inventive 
bean  called  into  activity,  and  under  his 
s  the  American  farm  hand  can  accomplish 
the  labor  of  near! v  five;  -  >M  World,  and  he 

has  so  divided  and  diversified  employment  as  to  rcvo- 
..--..-.  ••.;•••,-' 

Pwaliiain  Harrison,  inaroeasagt 
thst  the  establishment  of  the  D 


that  th 
culture 


.••  MM  •  ,,  oofra 
f  the  Department  •.: 
culture  with  its  aecretery  aa  a 
the  anllghtaned  demand  of  a  worthy  claim  of  people," 
d  the  people  on  the  great  results 
In  a  MilwM-qnent  mcmage  to  the 


n  to  the  marvelous  growth  of  the 
He  nays  ita  irrowth  baa  been  from 
tOO  in  1660  to  *4JVOO.ooo,000  in  1891,  an 
of  230  percent.    The  entire  exports  for  thi 
1. 1898,  reached  the  unparal- 
IH  r  cent 

•        •       -.     -..  r,     :,.'r:.-u! 
•    *  •       • 


In  in 


oftbeaecond  Marion -f 

.....       •.,-•..•:. 

b  toeaMMre  difK»loeed  the  fact 

'••>'.>•  incl.lH93, 

•;.'      •-.-,•  :ir.\ 

at  on  atfricultur. 

•  of  abort  « •  ••  rca- 

iugnst  €>f  the  aame  year  re- 

aa  eropa,  with  remunerative 

lure." 

Depattroent  of  Agriculture  is 

e  Government.    It  represents 

•J  -ingle  daparttnent ;  yet, 


through  all  the  )  '  •ii,-iiltural  I 

;t  has  been  characterized  with  iimulit\  an. I  H 
;  UililneM  in  demanding  le^lm 
quate appropriationn  »••  makr  th.  <l» -j.aitn 
•     11  thitl 

'..Iturul  iuten  ntfl  1-ut  \vill 
have  a  political  ""l-    t<>  it.  l>ut  l<  • 

• 

|Hiliticul  |»nn> .      i  i  In -r  l-y  tin 

an.!  make  one  common  cause  for  our  grt-at  in. 

The  roll  of  States  was  calh-d.  :u  1  tin-  f 
ing-nmiH  '1  p-niirini-ii  were  appointed  a  Commit- 
tee on  Resolution-  : 

Arkansas,'. !c if  D.  \Velll...n. 

-       \|.|.le\ar.l  :   (i 

N'-rt-.n:  Illinois.   M  K"l<>  :  In.liai.a.   l>.  \V. 

-•  -ill  ;  Ken;' 

N,  u  Hampshire.  . I.  W.SanlMirii;  N-«rth  <  'UP. 

1  •      •.  ^    I  awn  !,  .  .  l;;, . 

M-M-kwell;  Pennsvlvania.  II.  I'.  James:  'I «  nnessoe, 
J.  W.    K.^man:    i 

Snort'*:    Vern  onl  Levi    K.    Kullei 

N'iririnia.   J,     \      M  \  •  It  .     ^    -  onsia,   .l"lm    |; 
Marvlimil.   If.   K.   W al worth  ;  -anklitt 

i  ..rk.  I.'>n-n/-»  I>.  Collii^:   North  Dakota, 
<tockbridge;  Virginia,  C.  T.  Wutkins. 

The  next  order  of  business  was  tin-  annual 
rliM-tinn    <>f    oflicers    for   the   n.riirri-v: 
William    Lawreiirr.  <>f  Ohio,  noininatn: 
Mi-njiunin  F.  Clnyf«m,  of  Iowa,  for  ro-<-lccti.,n  i* 

lent     '1'hi-  wax  >.-(•<, ndrd   hy  (. 
many  other  States,  and  Mr.  Clayton  was  unani- 
mously re-elected. 

Dr.  R.  G.  Norton,   of   Georgia,    noininahd 
Major  G.  M.  Ryals,  of  Goor-i., 
to  the  office  01  vice-president.     This  was  sec- 
onded by  Ohio,  Indiana,  Alabama,  Texa- 
other    States.    The    election    was    then    made 
unanimous. 

I>r. -John  A.  Myers,  of  West  Virginia,  nomi- 
nated for  secretary  the  present  ineund.en; . 
.John  Staid,  of  Chicago.     Texas.   Indian:.. 
nessee,  Georgia,  Nebraska,  and  other 
ended  the  nomination,  and  it,  too,  was  made 
unanimous.     For  first  assistant  secretary.  Major 
W.  G.  VVhidby  was  unanimously  re-elected. 

Mr.  T.  .1.   A|i|'leyard.  of   Florida,  was   u 
niou-ly  re-eleeted  t'hr  i  y,  and 

Mr.  ifenrv  Haydeii.  ..f  Iowa,  treasurer. 

The  following  resolutions  were  adopted  : 

1.  That  puMic  1  •  lire  an  iiu-ri-iiHc  . 

ufuctures  of  cotton,  wool.  flax.  hemp.  im<l  r.r 
that  at*  soon  as  practicable  all  tin-  w 

<  rican  people  may  be  Hupi»lie«l  l.y  the  skill  and 
iii<lu>try  of  our  own  citizens;  and  that  • 
stacle  in  the  way  of  >u. 
of  the  South  and  of  the  great  West  ii- 
hkilled  lulK.i-;  then- J'<,re.  a-  a  • 
manufactures  in  these  Static, 
the  States  are  resnt-et fully  ur_- 
ment  f»r  in>tnicti<»n  in  't<-\t, 

:  the  univerxitien  in  cu<-h  Si. 
in  thoh-  'T  ai<le<l   t.\   the   l;.n-. 

(     !,_•!•  •  .  •  ;-•.::. 

'i.  That  1 1 

ically  in  fnvnr  of  l-oth  (rold  and  - 
ultimate  redemption  and  e<|uall\  a- 
and  (<•  tH-cure  thi.* 
called  bv  th 

accept  bimetal] i«ni  with  the  ultimate  coinage 
jrold  and  silver  on  a  rate  to  IM-  ai:re«l  ;ipon.    That  we 
favor  a  law  requiring  duties  on  com  mod  it 


tit  A   vnffcffW>»v?tfkLfi   ffcattifttlM  •*•      anttaMMft  A  Mttftfrff^BWi  ftA  !••  avB*Bii   t&BMftaVB*  iJiA) 

*<"  ft  law 


FARMERS'  CONGRESS.  ;<;•,, 

iSrtfascrr 

' 

fi  t«l     »    » 
rttary  at  ^igncwwre  w*  navmoniav  BXP«  r*r*w  w«*»7 

»*    .a  .  al  ,*l  •  !••»   n^  *W^  MI  i  •  -*  —  —         »    •     •    — ^  ^Jl^—^     MM*!!  ft^L-»  *- -  —    — M     4 

aaHj  HM  wota  ai  MM  erop  awMueiaa*  of  UM  weaiaer    raa»  ejf  paMago  aaa»  MM*  m  aaaMaaaaaaa. 

•  veral  8«at«saadto  aUUae  a*  «.r  *•        IS.  TaatUie  moaey  la  eiiaalaltoa  ia  the 

.  •     I      IBMBMI     M  i  a. e_ 

' 


evalu.  of  .ihcratUMdato  of  UM  Imports  leaded  u>  unn»  aad  village*  am*  tato  UM  .ial 

••n*|^tfutu  r^.iur^t  ihr  Hoiw.bifcH^  Innreau  in  tteiiiiMMM  of  UM 

rinilttiirai  to  tiarmrml^    JH-1 

A  JTWiiiiun*  w>  narnKHJiar  MPI 


imm^ of lfc«  matij 
t^ib  of  tht  foM  •OBB 

rmperiiy  of  that  Medon    ottoHy  onxMd  to  MMT  «nb  ooutnrtom  of  UM  «w 

cotton  Ml"  U  due  to     rrocv  and  cooarmo  it  M  bortil«  to  pvblie  iamvl, 

ecome  In  •  niPMt.  n  M  iii  aihqMta  *-^^«*%f  girH  and  MI 

.  ti.a'K.-  I.-.,  rs-.-r:.  v   ,  ...,.   a       ftddH      Mil  ..-.•-.-         -  ...      .     .       " 

ongnituUte  our  brothcm     to  Mipply  all  nixJad  money  for  Mblic  ow. 

»  taUbUalMd  pHaAUvitk  both  of 
r    ma    become  rich  and 


li.  That  we 

-•• 


IBM  rich  and    vreat  political  partM*  that  a  UaiToa  bnpocud  g 
adequate  to  meet  UM  mieaaai  of  UM  Govaiw 
b  hereby  di-     ahoold  be  levied ;  therefore  we  decnaad  the  MM  pro. 
anil  forward    tauooa  for  farui  product*  that  i*  gaMaatoad  to  oiaar 
rtc*ofth«eoaatnr. 

That  «e  memofialiat  taoCaagreai  of  UM  CaJtod 
for  aid  in  pratortia*  UM  eootry  froai  tW  lav- 
-...•-.'•      -.      ,  .-        •..- 

be  eflort*  of  a  nnjrle  State. 

we  urge  upon  the  oecrvtarr  of  Agriral* 

.   .      .     .,,    .    ..       •  .          ,  . 

of  »ufflcieat  appfopriaUoaa  to  «aalaj  «- 


unerctai  neiaoone  of  UM    tare,  ana 

at.  to  aecurr  re- 
i   Statm  and   the 


we  favor  leffiabtkm  for    the  practical .1 

m  andaidforatMunahip    of  irrigation  for  the  raclamation  of  the  arid  aod 
II  the  purpoaca  of  aoeh     arid  dwtr 


oo  of  the  porto  on  the 


00  giro*  em-  the  navigation  of  UM  porta  oa  the  AUaafie,  Gait  aad 

...  .     .  •  •      ;-.    •         ................... 

1  by  foreign  completion  of  the  harbor,  of  rarag*  aow  begaa,  are  to 
m  open  mar-  make  navigation,  life,  and  pfuyoitjr  a»re  m  ai  a,  aad 

;;    •  ."•";...":: 


•  i'  -  .. -    aj 


taatoj  Miaading  ;i maal  awal  an;  aad  ;<-•••      • 

laa  aecmary  of  thb  body  be  iMtruotef  to  for-  the  Blff"*iBB  **** 

W  tiqaaaUid  to  praaaatTfTaaeh  LcgUUnire  jrrt—  to  enact  aaea  I 

uring  our  colonial  hbtory  boaatie*  were  filled  cheeee. 
<mn-,l  t..  u-  i.a!.i  i'..r  x»r...ii.  Mnteaharal  tad        .-•    !     M         -•  | 

uf«.tur^i  ,,r.,iu,...  i.>  ...-•   T  i>  arlaj  rial      •  • 

.ar  l-untir*  have  aince  been  |«i.l  want  of  d«*p  watrr  wi 

ib  aad  other  countne*  by  act*  of  Mgwlaturtw ;  that  « ith  the  •<«.  and  the 

lar  bountio*,  in  thb  and  in  other  oountrio*,  have  the  aid  of  UM  Briti*a 

iyi  tinn  ni[«i  1   I  ••  luftiiiaata  •lariiaii  nf  Inak  vert  th«-»  prodacft*  tai 

•  fun,-ti.,ti,  Ar  :  ;.   v.  •     thefafofe.  ».    -... •      • 

t«wbountie.aulhori»«l  byactoft'on  of  ih»  Intod  9toto»  » 

.  That  the  depraaMd  condition  of  the  ataple  agri-  Great  Lake*  to  UM  da 

Ural  a:  .«U»  daawjaia  UM  oaact-  «t    \'i«ny,  therrby  c 

I  in-Julrtrte*  upon  a°^ngU  equality  whh  UMM»        SI.  That  UM  acctvtary  of  thb  body  b 

he  <*overnmcnU  and  that  rwtcd  to  aagrom  all  rawlatMtta  ***^f  t 

rrt..rr,  be  pledged  to  the  furtherance  of  a  union  atonal  lejrbMtfoa,  aad  to  forward  a  copy  a 

I**  and  the  agricultural  int.n-  l^rarideatof  UM  Seaaieaad  to  the 

that  a  select  committee  of  five  be  appointed  to  the  lluu*e,  aad  reqaeet  that  the  eame  be 


|00       ru  KI:.  i  i;\\.  018 


FINANCIAL  REVIEW  OP  1895. 


AM*  of  the  two  bodies,  and 
•ad  plaofd  en  the  desk*  of 
laftett  |  ..... 

.villa,  TMUL,  wasehoatn  m  the  place  for 

mW^UIifftm*  tilm^  flBs9v4ifflff  111   IHDA. 

I  \UU.  I  1C  I  Mills   »  I  I  IV  I  .,f 

•      i  :.  '  iv    ,  Jan.  80, 1841 

i«  the  son  of  an  uphoUtcrar.  and  wa>  •  -du- 
mini  for  mercaiud.  life  in  a  private  commercial 
to  Kngland  for  two  Tears  to 
the  language  and  become  familiar  with 
.  '  .  „•  .  .  .  .  -.  IT  <  .,-, 
carter  at  A  inbobe,  where  he  learned 
rumor'*  trade  ami  mastered  tho  leather 
At  Amboise  be  married  at  the  age  of 
twenty-three  the  da»  M.  <.»»..• 

mayor  of  the  commune,  and  in  later  year 

r  Indrr.  Settling  in  Havre  as  a  commis- 
sion agent  and  importer  of  hides,  he  became  in 
time  a  large  merchant  and  *lnp«\vner  and  Presi- 
dent of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce.  He  once 
lectured  on  history  to  evening  classes,  and  so  be- 
oame  a  ready  public  speaker.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Munid|»al  Council  and  became 
deputy  mayor.  During  the  war  of  1870  he  was 
sent  to  England  by  <•  purchase  arms 

rrurs  and  the  Garde  Mobile.  As 
chief  of  a  battalion  of  mobiles  he  aided  in  sup 
the  Commune  in  Paris,  and  gained  the 
of  the  Legion  of  Il..n.,r.  The  I; 
Cabinet  deprived  him  of  his  office  of  deputy 
major  in  1874,  but  he  continued  to  give  great 
attention  to  educational  and  charitable  work, 
and  rose  constantly  in  the  ,-te,-m  of  his  fellow- 
townsmen,  who  in  1881  elected  him  to  the  Cham- 
ber of  Deputies,  and  afterward  renewed  his 
mandate  at  every  general  ele,  ti  -n.  When  Gam- 
hetta  formed  a  ministry  on  Nor.  14, 1881,  he 
made  Paure  Under  Secretary  of  the  Ministry  of 
Commerce  and  the  Colonies.  Jules  Ferry  se- 
lected him  for  the  same  post  in  making  up  his 
TV  of  Feb.  21.  1888.  which  endured  over 
two  rears,  i  ned  to  the  office  once  more 

in  the  Brisson  <  •-  .      .  i  a  fourth 

tim.-  m  the  Tiranl  Cabinet  of  !>,...  pj.  is-. 

•  •  :  '••-  I';,  ri  :• :/  Oamot  Bewaa 
regarded  in  th«-  chamiN-r.  whether  in  or  out  of 
owe,  as  an  authority  on  all  subjects  conn 

merchant  shipping.  :  rmnerce,  or 

colonial  questions,  and  was  marked  out  by  expe- 
rience and  reform  ideas  for  the  new  Ministry  of 
Marinr.  to  whi.-h  he  was  called  in  the  Dupuv 
c.b,nrt  of  May  «0,  1804.  He  had  also  been  se- 
lected to  act  on  several  committees  dealing  with 
'  and  financial  questions  of  a  m  n 


the  Committee  on  the  Conversion  of  the 
Ante,  and  was  the  author  of   a  treatise  on 
ropcan  budgets.    His  technical 
untiring  i.,d.Mry.  and   progressive 
gave  htm  a  high  reputation  among 
e»  a  minister.   The  Chamber  showed 
for  his  character  and  ability  by  elect- 
nt    In  politics 


•  "•  i  !•  •./*;*    OMVVVWA 

i"  his  character  and  ability  by  elect- 

J*Mf  him  regularly  its  rice-president.    In  politics 

b*en  an  Opportunist  and  a  member  of 

tE^^T11*11^,?0?111*110*11  Union-    In 
SiScaw'to^  ***  7  ^  Moderatc  Re- 


when  he  suddenly  re- 
to  January,  1805,  the   eminent  lawyer 
But 


the  balloting  at  Versailles  on  the  followin 
.lun.  17.  niaiiN  i  IK  in  I  HTS  of  the  Congress  tin  -i<lrd 
to  rot «•  :   i  M.   Faiire,  who  received  moiv  \,,i,s 
than  M.  Waldeck-llousseuu  ..n  tla-  lirst   luillot, 
and  was  elected  on  the  second 

I  I  NANCIAL  REVIEW  OF  180.V     AM,,,,- 
t  In-  im|K>rtant  features  of  the  year  u 
ing  of  the  war  Japan  ami  china,  ihe 

latter  suing  for  peace,  and  the  treaty  of  Shi mo- 
noeeki  was  signed  on  Apnl  80,  China  HL 
to  pay  SdOO,000,000  taels  Indemnity  an>l 
l-'orm..sa    ami    tin-    Liao-Tnn-    peninsula 
later,  through  the  influence  of  Russia, 
relinquished  possession  of  the  lathi,  ami   -hr 
receired  £5tOOOtUOO  additional  in.l.-n.nit>. 
other  feature  was  a  wild  speculation  in 
African  mining  shares,  which  U^an  in  I. 
in  Mav,  and  later  extended  to  (  «>ntin. m 
tcrs,  disastrously  collapsing  in  Novrml> 
it  was  estimated  that  the  losses  were  fully  $467,- 
500,000.     On  Nov.  5,  owing  to  reports  < . : 
staiitly  recurring  disturbances  to  the  ilctrinn-nt 
of  all  nationalities   in  Armenia  ami  other  parts 
of  tho  Turkish  Kmpire,  the  ambassadors  of  the 
great  powers  separately  went   to  ti 
urge  the  immediate  adoption  of  adequate  meas- 
ures to  bring  about  the  restoration  of  ord 
Glaring  that  if  such  measures  were  not  a< 
the  powers  would  decide  in  com  *  rt    up<>n  the 
steps  to  be  taken.  The  Sultan  proini.-r.l  r.  forms. 
and  the  majority  of  the  powers  remained 
cord,  but  it  was  claimed  toward  the  end 
vernberthat  Russia  and  (Jermany,  at  least, 
not   disposed  to  act  in  concert  with  tin 
powers  in  an  extremity,  and  the  di>tuiliai 
Armenia  continued   to    the  end   of    tie 
Another  feature  was  the  accumulation  of"  the 
impre.-cd, -ni.-d  sum  of  l'44.?'J4,.")Sl  bullion  in  thn 
Hank  of  Kngland,  this  amount  being  on  deposit 
1  >•-•.  1'J.     Bar  silver  in  Lomlon  r«^>-  from  . 
per  ounce  in  January  to  ol.''/.  in  <  ><  -tolirr.  dim 
mainly  to  speculative  manipulation  lm-«-d  upon 
the  expectation  of  large  requirements  in  tin-  far 
East,  but  there  was  a  d.-"iin,-  t  n  De- 

cember, and  the  price  was  Mbfcd.  at  the  close. 
All   Kuro|M>  was  in  a  state  of  jK.litieal   f,-- 
at  the  end  of  the  year,  in   c"iiM'i|u<'m-e  of  the 
Turkish  question  and  of  complications  in  china 
and   Japan  ;  and    the  iltin-   from   the 

collapse  in  mini:.  in  Londmi  and  <>n  tin* 

Continent   and   those   inciirn-d   t»y  the    Lomlon 
speculators  during  the  panic  which  followed  the 
lelan  message  of  President  el, -vi-laml  !)<•<•. 
18  caused  more  or  less  financial  tension. 

One   of   the    most    important,   event-    in    this 
country  during  the  year  wa-  the  contract 
by  the  Administration  on   Feb.  8,  with   .M 
lielmont   and    .Morgan.  th«-   f'-rn;  nling 

•idon  house  of  Rothschild  <V  Co.,  and  tin- 
latter  the  American  house  of  J.  1*.  M> 
and  J.  S.  M'.r-an  &  Co.  of  London,  for  tin-  pur- 
chase of  3,500,000  ounces  of  gold  at  $1? 

.uce,  to  be  paid  for  by  the  delivery  "f 
,.1'Kt     .J-p.-r-c.-nt.     thirty-year     bor 
l>eing  agreed  that,  one  half  of  tho  gold  should 
IK-  imported  from  Kurope.     <>n  the  day  tl, 
contract  was  signed  the  m-t  -old  in  the  Tn 
had  been  reduced  to  $41,340,181  by  withdr 
for  hoanling  and  for  shipment  to  Europe,  ami 
these  withdrawals  during  January  amounted  to 
$45,117,738,  and  as  Congress  had  refused  t- 


\I,  REVIEW  OF  18M. 


in 


the  President  authori* 
it.  gold  foan,  the  only  remedy  wee 

:h,  uuJ,.n<>  ,    Bteitftbj  ON  Ml     •' 
.direct  purchase  of 
the  contra. -i 
for  the  importa- 

M*       \t  t!..    ejflM    Ufl  •    -v 

.•.tilUtlnlift  ill  the  Hit. 

r  funiitj 


iu.g  the  operations  of 
M  En*  «.T,   -  ,i  ta 


••r  $1.000  bond,  carrying  a 
\ug.  1 ;  and  in  Amer- 
|  fartareal  fr..«n  Fab,  i.     The 

e«l  June  '24.  but,  after  a  large 
niM.ut  $I,VI<NI.INN),  had  been 
n*d.  t!  .iry  i.f  th.- 

•  rent  disturbances  in 
at  a  critical  period 
hich  would  have  forced 
consequent  withdrawals  frtmi 
ujsaoed  in  a  departure  from 
>f  the  contract,  that  one  half 
I  be  procured  abroad,  and  ac- 
gnld  then  in-Ill  in  • 

r  the  fulfillment 
le  Bond  Syndicate  continued 
for  the    protection   of    the 
tween  June 

r..i-j:.i::-j.iu.    Tnej  bad  paid 
Feb.  91  $33,558,1  £2.81.  rcpre- 
.M  half 

fi«  r  full   payment   had  been 
wild  in  the 
one  S8,  nt  $107.550.976,  and 

withdrawals  of 
t  stood  at  $99.- 

jirotection  of  the  Treasury 

itinuetl.  nn.l  nt 

ifl  \.-.ir  the  amount  wiu*  r 

In  Ins  atiinnl  tneesage  to  Congress 

'ion  t«  the  nc- 

Preas- 

the    legal 

>o  was  generally  opposed, 

- 

ateeof  m-l.  i-t.-ln.  -.  to  met»t  a  deficiency 
^  1.000,000  coin  bonds 

ntain  The  bill  was 

-•mite,  but  the 


r    lh.- 


der  at  the  option  of  the  Government.  •**! 
lobe  paid  /or  by  it*  issw  «f  aft**!  *»*. 


Congress  and  by  some  banker*  to  this  nlan  of 
thePreaident.  and  on  Jan.  a.  1*6.  the  Hscniary 
of  tl»»  Treasury  iseusd  a  circular  inviting  profju^ 
$10QuOO(MI004>Mf^sjit.  ti 

,     •       -   .  .•• 

.          •>..:,.'!      I-,',     •.     .     ; 
•r.     .....:'..,  ,      i    . 


6;  p»ment 
of  tto  ev 


to  be  made  at  any 

|«-r  crni.  <>n  noti.-r  of  a<^|.iai.^  ..f  t!.»  l-.d. 

SO  per  cent,  at  the  end  of  each  Uo  < 

1 1  was  understood  that  a 
take  all  of  the 

ireular. 
The  financial 

natelv  after  the  Vi 

1  leveland,  by  reeinn  of  a  war 

(iitniiK'  which  Europeans  freely  sold  Ameriean 

•  tr» ;  and  later  there  was  more  or  be*  sell* 

ing  by  fbreignera,  hi  Dim  of  i|j|»wlieaeioni  of  a 

finan 

tt.f  -  |  j  •   -I1       lOf  <       :   0  •    ' 

afllH  PraaUawl 

T!,   f  ..   »1B| 

•  .  • 


•  .     .'     •       '  • 

•h<«.  of  the jm       ,       .         ' 


prices  of  leading  staples  on  or  ab 
1. 18M.  compared  with  prices  at  the 


•• 


•i4u.iu  a 


I  -  v  • 


a 


g  unacceptable  to  the  Administrntkm.  ami  Tne  Crwm\-WiUi  the 

r  Win*   l.ttle   probability    '     n    mfcMl         >  -       •'  H    h    "    •    :    •     r   : 

n  could  bo  ^  »*•  •«»  anprnjedssAi 

vithJ.  P.  Morgan  oe^eeUnMte.../!^^^ 
•;:i--  of  ll.5OO.000  ounces  of 
enable  one  half  promptly  and  the  re- 


' 


-.;  ;;       - 


li:\\    OP  1895. 


qoeatly.prfte**wereln«.nml  at  then. 
beroorn  wMiUoent*  while  «au  were  ***  to  &H 
market.  Wheat  advanced  early 
in  the  *e**oo  on  new*  of  the  damage  to  the 
Wtatar  crop,  and  in  •!««»«•  the  price  here  was  88 
cwata.  but  later  there  was  a  decline,  and  at  i  he 

'  I  he  >.  ir  u  was  66i  e« 
orop  van  lai'-  mid  the  yield  wan  -h-rt.  Planters 
who  had  bwn  compiled  to  sell  last  year's  cot- 
ton at  what  the?  regarded  as  ruin.»u>ly  |,,w 
nrioM  appeared  deposed  to  take  advantage  of 
(he  Aon  en.p.  and  some  were  encouraged  to 
hold  bark  the  Maple.  In  SeptemlN-r  there  was 
•  speeuIaUre  movement  which  MfMMM  tM 
.m, I  in  <K-toi*.r  the-*'  ipeculaton  madi 
an  Attempt  to  comer  October  deliveries  of  cot- 
ton, and  thin  resulted  in  an  advance  to  about  9 
emu.  Then  the  price  gradually  fell  off,  but  at 

;  -..      -     '     ,.   i-    - 

Taking  prices  in  New  York,  Jan.  1.  1896,  if 
the  whole  of  the  crop*  could  have  been  laid 
down  at  thnt  point  on  that  date,  the  values 
would  have  been  as  in  the  following  table : 


and  N  iri  Pacific.   Lead,  lieadini:. 

IiiiblM-r.   ti.  -.  :nnl  \\ 'heelini;  and   Lake 

Th.-  market   "pen, 

February,    influenced   by  tin-  cont  ra.  •:    J'.-r    ||M. 
sale    ««f    -l-per-ecni.    bond-    t.i    tin-    IVlmont- 
Morgan    syndicate,  mid    there  was    u 
main!  for  all  tin-  Ira':  \\in.  h  k.-pt  the 

nuirket    ijuiir    strong    until     tin-    -econd 
when  >ales.  to  reali/e  profits  ami  -ome  p: 
by  the  bears  caused  an  irregular  d 
t I'M-   market   was  generally  heavy  until 
days  before  the  clone.  when  th.n  \ 
Improvement     Tin- weakest  stocks, «    n 

tin-  iijN-nilii;  with  tin-  cl«'Mimsalrs.  \\  < 
Cainulian  Pacific,  t  h«-  ( i  ranp-r>.  ' 

^li..iv.   l.oui>.vi: 

Nashville,  Missouri  I'  i.  North.- 

citic  luvfrnvd.th.-  Li-atln-i>.  \Vr-1i-rn  I'ni. 
tin-  Whn-lin^s.  ami  tin-  only  >'  i 
Consoliilatc«l    Cas    ami    Whisky.       Iininediali'ly 
upon  the  adjournment  of  Congress,  on  M 
there  wjus  a  ileeiiled  improvement  in  the  n 
led  by  Sugar  and  General  Kleririe.  and  followed 


;  *j 


•  •KO|.  of  i-...|. 


».v  •.•-"•-.  in; 
9.0(10,000 


Prk>.  J.n. 
:;  ISM, 


Hi 


tun^Mao 


atop  ..i   i-:o. 


Mi, 


4  »-.7.i  "-..'/.•»  7 
2,i:>U3W»0 

c.: .««HI 


*" 


• 


M  M  k-  -The  lowest  prices  for  the  majority 
of  stocks  were  recorded  during  the  first  quarter 
of  the  year,  while  the  highest  were  in  the  last 
six  months,  though  there  was  an  important 
downward  reaction  in  the  industrials  in  Novem- 
ber, and  the  whole  market  was  more  or  less  af- 
fected by  selling  of  railroad  stocks  for  European 
account  in  December,  due  to  the  panicky  fall 
result in_-  from  the  Venezuelan  message  of  Pres- 

<'leveUnd.  Influenced  by  the  discussion 
of  t  he  Carlisle  currency  measure  in  the  House 
of  Representatives,  by  engagement*  of  gold  for 
shipment  to  Kuro|»c.  and  by  the  unsettled  finan- 
cial conditions,  the  stock  'market  was  irregular 
and  generally  lower  in  January.  There  was  a 
fairly  large  short  interest  in  leading  stocks  at 
the  beginning  of  the  month,  and  soon  after  some 
manipulation  of  Chicago  Gas  and  an  advance  in 
the  Grangers  induced  general  rebuying  to  cover 
short  contract*,  which  caused  a  gradual  im- 
proftnv-tit.  and  the  tone  was  strong  until  after 
themid  !!••  of  t  hi- month,  when  continued  with- 
drawals of  gold  for  export  to  Kurop,.  ami  indi- 
cation* of  hoarding  of  the  coin  by  som.-  of  the 
bank*  in  the  interior,  together  w'ith  selling  of 
stocks  for  Koropean  account,  brought  ai 
decline,  and  the  tendency  was  downward  until 

rts  of  m  intended 

tOTMoff  bond*  by  the  Government  caused  a  sharp 
rallr.  and  the  tone  was  strong  to  the  end  of  the 
•P™; W|t  •••'  .-.-.'.compared 

w.th  th«-  of-miitf.  in  Sugar,  Delaware  and  llud- 

IllinoU  Central.  Uke  Shore.  Man! 

\orkCetitral,  Omaha  preferrvl.  Pullman, 
and  Rock  Wand,  while  the  most  important 
decline*  were  to  Tobacco,  Canada  >...i»hern. 
Consolidated  Gas.  General  Electric,  Louisville 


l»y   the  Grangers,  ami    the   tone  was  ^generally 
>t  ron^.  wit  h  oeeasional  sharp  advances  in  s 
the  specialties  until  the  third  week.  when. 
to  the  elimination  of  the  short  interest,  pri 
off,  but  good  support  at  the  decline  .< 
the  market  upward,  and  it  elose.l  (jiute 
with  the  most  decided  improvement,  eon 
with  the  iipeniiii:.  in  Su-ar.  ( 'otton  oil.  At- 
Tobacco,  Central  New  Jersey,  the   Delaware*, 
General  Kleetric.  Louisville  and  Na^hvill. 
souri,  Kansas  and  Texas  preferred.  M 
cific,  Lead.  New    Midland,  Headinu'.  the   - 
mi-,  the   Leathers,  Union    Pacific,  the 
ings,  and  Western  Union.    The  success  >• 
Belmont-Morgan  syndicate   in 
dence  at  home  and  abroad  in  thefii. 
ation  had  much  to  do  with   an   imp! 
the  market  during  April,  and  there  was  a 
demand  by  Kuropeans  for  American  sto<-' 
railroad   mortgages.     There  was  an   in 
fall    in  Sugar   sonn    after   the   opening 
month,  caused  by  the  closing  of  -ome  ,,f 
fineries,  and  the  CoeJ  -hares  were  broken 
by  a  raid,  and  t  ho  whole  market  was 
unfavorably   influenced  by  rumor*  of  ai, 
session  of  Congress  in  ca 
should  be  declared  unconMjtutiorial.     Hi.1 
ually  the  tone   recovered,  and  alter  the   i 
of    the    month    there    was   goorl    bil\; 
,rop,.an    and    dome-' 
tj..n-    in    railroad   mortgage- 
large.    The  market  closed  ,-ith  the 
greatest  gain-,  conijiared   with  the  opening,  in 

•acco,  the  Vanderbilt  -p.-< 
—lidated  Gas,  Whi-ky.    Louisville  and 
ville,    Missouri.    Kansas   and    Texas    pn  ' 
the  Grangers,  Northern   I'acifi-- 


A*  Leather*,  nn.l 


the  only  important  IOSMS 
t  of  May  there  wa*  liberal 

in  their  ..i. 

thml   week,  when 
*r  decline,  and 

-r«-   .-..j..  Ullj    mllu.  m  ••!  bf    r. 

•  to  the    fcT 

month,    i  ompariMMw  with  the 
gains  in  Sugar,  Atchison,To- 


ill  »pe- 

il.    Mail,  the  South- 
\VahaabOft, 

1.  1  June  the  markrt 
nd   grnrralh    l.-w.-r.   inllueocod  by 
of  »pt*<ulaiivt<  account*,  by  •oiling 
of   bankrupt   rood*  in   anticipation 

tor*,  there  then  be- 
inovt'iiicnt    at    rn|.i«lly  ailvano 
in  South   Afrtfttn  milling  sharM  in 
-  aturu   WM    a  aJiaqi    fall    in 
Suaqurhanna  and  Wwtern.  ranted 
l»any  wan  flnancmlly 
tl.    and  there  wat  a  hen 
tn<l  HI  (he  CoftUffe  ntwki,  tin*  lat- 
nl  «.f  n  rv*,M\.-r.     Tin- 
rtn*  week. 
oa*  luced 


r    an  nt    in    the    crop   • 

TVrn  came  an  irregular  fall,  and  the  market 
wa*  generally  heavy  after  the  miihlle  of  the 
•oott 

•••<•  opening,  wrrv  Sugar.  Tobacco.  Chicago 

Mail,  and   Lead. 

•>*t  were  Missouri.  Kansas  and 

Pacific  preferred,  the 

up*   nn.l  Mju.'hamia    an<l 

iluenoed  by  a  change 

^^H  management.     The  market  was  heavy 
greater  part  of  July.    Chicago  Gas 
•ken  down  early  in  t !,.-  month  »•>  d:- 
mg  report*,  and  at  the  same  time  Sugar  and 
T.»U.,,.  »,-re  Btrong,   but    nbseqw  nth    U  i  • 
i  there  was  also  sellii 

prrferr.-.l   »n   the   announcement 

'.e  fall  in  the*. 

or  lea*  aftWted  the  whole  market  until  the 
ii.  when  there  Wa*  a  gen- 
eral   r 

roQtrarK  nnd.  com | wired  with  »!•.••  opening  th 

Improvement*  were  -reaie-l  in  Bogar,  t:..   «.n:i 

nnnti    at 

MI  i.n  ferr 

v      ' '      ^%i)ci  a^cftinor  ppprc  rff*  I  *     t 

•hiring  the 

^^•r  |w»-  • 

.lit    wlii'  h 

wa*  liquidation   in  the  industrial*, 
r,  well  ^upjH.r1 

,    the 


month  there  was  free  selling  of  the  Leathers. 
Miami  by  some  disaatisfaffifciti  in  retard  to  th* 

jK^^tfja^-isr-^"^1" 

by  rumors  that  Urge  ai 

nil-    «(,i.h    l.»l    l--n,    I..,,-!.!    I, 

would  be  retnrned.    Later  there  oai_ 
upon  Washiofton  dispatrh*.. 
iawe  of  bonds  in  ra~  t  hr  I.K  gold  r«- 
•hould  be  materially  r«luo 
drawalsforshipmei. 

of  all  the  active  •tocka,  ' 
Sugar.  ToU«x>..   thr    |^il.rr«,  the 


The  abort  interest  grew  <,uitr  Urge  by  thr  third 
weak  of  the  month,  and  although  then  the  ex- 
ports of  gold  were  heavy  the  market  was  sharply 

'',!.;-'.  \  '    '  • . 


ll«tid  S\  lidl<  ad-  in 

rrplacr  that  which  had  bsen  .,-.»,. 
drawn  for 
the  n,^i*itv  for«U.nd 

Mm  belt,  vLoh 

(trangrm.    The 

sharply  raided  on  news  of  tie  Ugt«aia«  of 
the  contest  with  the  plug-tobai 

mwm.         TlkA     mn^      il«niillii      mmlfi* 

•  I  .     . 

compared  with  the  opening,  wet*  to  tear. 
•  wry.  Rcadtao.  fU- 
oago  Ga*.  Illinoin  Central. 
Miwouri    Pa. 


thr    (t  rangers.    I 
Chieafo  and  St.  Louis,  Tiaaiin 

I'nion  Pacific.  Westrni  t  i,.,  n.  and  Wa- 
»hilr  the  greatest  losses  were  to 

'.  rml.  and 

common.    In  September  the  markH  was 
ally  lower,  influenced  by  < 
and  also  by  the  » 
can  mining  Chares  in  Lot 

thirh  threatened  a  disMiriiM  eolmfm  Ai 
the  same  time  the  movement  of  Ortfgej  weja 
hu-ht.  ttmi  wrtribwt^  •  •••  ••  • 

nge  market.  <hte  feature  in  the  irat  week 
was  good  buying  of  Reading  aad  th^ofrer  Coal 

There  wea  eJso  an  advance  to 
a  good  inquiry  for  i  Sr 

i  .  .ur:i^i  -i     I  \     -v    •      •  '  '      '    : 

condition  of  Corn,  and  at  the 

wa*  liU-ml  Ailing  of  Tol«rr,x.     In  the 

week  the  Urge  exports  of  gold  more  or  IMS  af . 

footed  the  whole  market  until  the  ead  of  the 

week,  when  the  syndicate  aMoemmd  that^they 


.       v 


would  continue  to  protect  t 
serve.    During  the  third  «rrk 
abort  contract*  brought  abo 

in  Sugar,  the  Grangi 
eonri  PaHflc,  wUETTobar^  was 

.-.Mr  influence  to  the 


...        •  •    ' 

to  Germany,  but  an  easier  tone  for 
the  close  of  the  week  am-trd  furthrr 


of  the  metal  and  one  feature  was  a  rise  in  the  Coal 
shares,  oaostd  by  an  advance  in  thr  price  of  an- 
thraritc  coal,  and  thrr*  wa*  a  derided  i  winery 
in  T.*l«cco.  The  most  important  gates  lor  the 

JNMfelt- 


181 


IKW  OP  !«». 


torn.  Canadian  Pacific.  Chic*.  Cod 

ahare*  Whbky.  and  Tennessee  Coal  «ml  tan, 
While  the  loawe  were  heavi,       ...  Sugar.  Cot^ 

vn»da  aoatham  reland, 

HansMsH  Chicago  and  .v 
tr»l   |j»k-  Shore.  Michigan  Central.  N«\v  IOW 
^.un    Pacific,  Bwithern    pn  f 

IM  |*.ih.T«.  \Va».aKh  preferred. 
..    .    A  tl  .•'   VMfBMOdb 

lower  in  October,  influenced  l.y  aln..-t  001 
IBM*  of  an  unwilling  collapse  in  the  mining 
•half  .peculation  in  UOftdoO  and  Pun-:  by  the 
firm  tone  for  eiehanp  .  mainly  caused  by  an  at- 
U«pt  to  corner  OcioBer  deli  vcriw  of  GHt 
Ituuidation  of  long  account*;  ami  l.y   > 

rr,    particularly     upon     the     indust  rials. 

was  a  sharp  attack  upon  leather  and  T<>- 

dur;  nd   at   the  same 

time  good  buying  of  .-.icngo  Gas,  the 

CV>eJ«fuuY*.ai>dtheGrangers.    Early  in  the  sec- 


MfMurr, 
There  wa 


a  very  firm  t»ne  for  exchange  had  a 
disturbing  effect!  >ut  Inter  th«>  market  rallied  on 

inein  sterling.  due  t<»  more  liberal  offer- 
ings of  Cotton  bi  I  la.  In  the  thinl  week  exchange 
again  gTOW  strong,  and  then  there  was  lil.n-al 
selling  of  Tennessee  Coal  and  Iron,  Missouri  1'a- 
dfc  Sugar,  Tobacco,  the  Leathers,  Manhattan, 
the  Coal  shares,  and  the  (  i  In  the  last 

week  the  political  tension  in  Kur«.|»-  and  dis- 
turbing derlim*  in  South  African  mining  share* 

idon  and  Paris  had  more  or  less  of  an  un- 
settling effect  ii|N.n  .mr  market,  and  one  feature 
was*  a  fall  in  Heading,  caused  by  a  report  that  an 
assessment  of  90  per  cent  had  been  decided 
upon.  The  weakest  properties,  (in  |  i  mi-  clos- 
ing with  opening  prices,  were  Beading,  Tm- 
nesste  r.ial  and  Iron,  the  Grangers,  Sugar.  To- 
bacco. Chicago  Gas,  the  Leathers,  Cleveland, 

•mali,  Chicago  and  St.  UuK  Denver  pn- 
ferrcd,  General  Rfectri<%H<K-kin^  Valley.  Illiix.is 
Oentral,  Louistille  and  Nashvillo.  Manhattan, 
Missouri  Pacific,  Northern  Pacific  preferred. 
Missouri,  Kansas  and  Texas  preferred.  Pit  t  -I  .mv. 

nati.  rhieji^'M  and  M.  L'-ni^  preferred, 
South«-ni  pn-ferntl,  Walwish  pn-ferred,  and 
Wheeling  common.  Tin  p-.litieal  tension  in 
Europe,  arising  out  of  the  vigorous  protests  of 
the  sue  powers  against  the  failure  .,f  the  Sultan 
t»f  Turkey  to  j.r  id  the 

of  the  specuhiti«»n  in  Smth  African 
shares  in  London  and  <>n  the  Continent, 
g  enormous  losses,  were  t  he  chief  d  isturb- 


4 
fnvom 


ing  factors  during  November,  tlumgh  the  firm 
tone  for  exchange  and  the  resumption  of  gold 
export*  had  an  Important  influence.  The  clos- 
ing of  some  of  the  Sugar  refineries  affected  Su- 
gar. and  the  restriction  of  work  at  tanneries  un- 
•rttled  the  Leather  stock*,  while  the  deciV 
the  Attorney-General  of  New  Y.,rk  to  proceed 
against  the  Tobacco  tnwt  caused  a  sharp  decline 
in  that  proprrty.  There  was  more  or  less  sell- 
ing  of  the  (irangers.  Reading,  and  of  Louisville 
«*i.hville  for  European  account,  and  Man- 
hattan wa*  broken  down  by  decreased  earnings, 
while  Western  Union  was  unfavorably  influ- 
•Mta  brt>  decinion  of  the  t'nit.-d  States  Su- 
pWM  Onurt,  which  deprived  the  company  of 
the  priTilene  of  contracting  with  subsidized 
roaitt.  After  the  middle  of  the  month  com  para- 
•  arge  gold  exporU  contributed  to  the  de- 
cline in  the  market.  In  the  last  week  there- 


was  an  irregular  recovery,  due  to  reiumns  to 

close  sh'Tt  contracts,  induced  I  . 

the  political  tension  in  Kurojx',  and  also  t,-  j,,,ij. 

-   that    the    liquidation    in    S.nth    A 
mining  shares  in    London    \\a-atancml.     The 

important,  losses  for  the  m.-nth.  coii 

\v  It  h     the    open;:  '    il^^H 

Delaware     and     Hudson.    \\  1, 
I  Icy,    L««ui-ville    and    Na-h\ille.    Manliat- 
^Ii-*ouri.    Kansas    and    Texas    pre! 

Southern   : 

and    Iron.    I'nion     Pacilie,    the    Le.-r 
Western  Union.     The   market  was   ii 
December  with   the   hir-^st    trading   iii   ill'1   In- 
du-irinN.  Sugar  advancing,  followed  l-y  < 
Gas,  while  Tobacco  sharply  decline.  1  on  n 
the  passing  of  the  dividend,  Itut  later  tin 
advanced,  and   one    feature   in   the 

was  a  rise  hi  Consolidated  Gai  and  in  1. 

preferred,  while    Reading  wasw.,ik   mi   tl 
nounceineiit    that  the   plan    for   re< 
had  been  agreed  n | ion.     The  tone  wi 
the  early  part  of  the  third  week,  with  p: 
upon  the  industrials,  Chicago  <  > 
Grangers, and  Missouri  Pacific  as  t  he  feat  u  i 
Irritation  in  England  <au-,i  i.y  the  Pres; 
reference  to  the  M <>n ro<-  I)o«-trine  in  his 
message  to  Congress  caused  a  sharp  d< « line  in 
American  stocks  in  London  on  \\ednesda 
this  was  reflected  in  our  market.     T 
Congress  in  sustaining  the  Pre^idm 
increase  the  irritation  on  the  following  da 
on    Friday  and   Saturday   there   wa 
fall  in  the  market,  and  compared  with  th- 
ing of  the  week  prices  at  the  close 
dines  of   H   per  cent,  in   Sn-rar.  1.V,    in  iVntral 
New  Jersey.  'Jl    in  r,.nsolidated  <ia-.  fr..i. 
the  (J  rangers,  and  from  4  to  1 1  per* 
other  stocks.    There  was  a  much  lieiter  feelift 
in  London  in  the  following  w. •••!<.  based  upA 
evidence  of  the  determination  of  <  'on^ress  tosilp 
port  the  President,  and  also  upon  the  .-..nvietimi 
that  there  would  lie  no  M-MMUS  tronlil'-  I.eiween 
the  two  countries  arising  on  i  of  the  \',-n,-/:j.-l«n 
controversy. and  relmyini;  io  cnver  -hort  contracts 
caused  a  recovery  there,  while  our  mari 
favorably  Influenced  by  the  action  of  the  I '.auk 
Clearing  House  Coin  in  it  tee  in  decid 
loan  certificates  if  necessary,  and  l*y  « 
Congress  would  speedily  act  f..r  the  relief  of  the 
Treasury.    The  market  was  very  M 
toward  the  end  of  the  month,  when  t 
financial  situation,  the  opposition  of  the  Inter- 
state Commerce  Commission  to  the  tin 
agreement,  renewed    selling   by  the  ur 
houses,  local  liquidation,  active"  n 
dications  of  the  failure  of  th.  >n>PJR 

to  act  upon  the  tx>nd  hill,  which  had  pa- 
11'iii-e.  caused   an   irregular  de.-lin. 
undertone  was  better  at  1 1 
influenced  by  reports  that  a  bond  i- 
000,000  had  been  decided  upon  l.y  t 
t  rat  ion,  and  that  a  syndic  ate  1, 
negotiate  the  loan.    The  largest  losses 
month,  compared  with  the  opening  pri- • 
in  Sn^-'tr  preferred.  Cotton  Oi 
sou.  the  Vanderbilt  special! i«--.  the  ' 
the  Grangers,  Denver  and  Kio  (irande.  \\ 

ric,  Louisville  and   Nashville.  Illin* 
tral.  Missouri,  Kansas  and  T 
Lead,  New  England,  Pacific   Mail,  Pullin;, 


ll.W  OF 


'- 


renneaiae  <  «*l  and 


•nly  important  gain*  ware  in  8of*r 
-.  and  Manhattan. 

. 
•  ">  were  66^8MM  •barea,  afain*t 

IV      . 

IM;  68.0tl.tt8  in  l«ll ;  71.*»M*5  in 


.-.     •  '      . 

of  the  year*  IH84. 


i 

9 

lit 


TV  '  Hbowi  the  hiKhcrt  prior*  ,,f  a 

n    1MM.  and  the 
4fhe*and  Iowa*  in  1886: 


MM  •«»»  too**' 

oftaw*.Tte««a  and  «aat«  r* 

•' 


1B-M     *     ... 


:;•  ; 


•.;•-.   . 


I  .1  \\  . 


II* 


184 

1:1 


H 

: 


: 
• 


M 
t7 


: 

i  • 


Jl 

M 


r 

-  i 


1  \«h  ••*«».—  The  import*  of  in.  r- 
v.-ar..|i.iuii:  !><•«.  :n.  1805.  were 

.ndbe  wrra 
.     The  «-xr,^  of  merrhAiidbe  ei- 

,.,   f  ,>:—». 

I  h,-  .  \  —     r 


..  nii'l 
457. 

L8H 

arkot  «M  in  nn  nK- 

tho  brfrinninK 
,  :>  pricea,  to  be  covered  Ut 


dr»fu 

BnropMB 

hiffber  price*  which 


by 
it  «•*  r\ 


ti..n.   r«ir,   f-  r 


Mini  (ri'iit  tlir  . 


' 


•- 

i  in  • 
financial 


iniiV: 

fold  ahiptnrlil  ina«l<-  l.»  a  Laiiki!.. 

prominence,  all  "f  the  f.  r 
OO-operatini;  with  il,. 

to  maintain  confidence  if 
»iiiiaii..n. 

wa*  fulfilled  at  the  end  of  Jurw 
<rne*ought  loittobur* 
f..r  the  luai  of  gold  rauted  by  •hipmet 
•.g  the  metal  from  II 
in. I.  th.r, 
an.l 
bank*  to  depnait  fold  wi 

which  began  in  Ji 


ffocwinf  ilnmmlle  fold  from 

finally  br  indneinaT  eomr  of  the 

•h  the  Tiwunrv  toes- 

tmder  note*.    TM  v&+£ 


but  they  wen  re*umed  it. 
tinned  to  the  end  of  the  year,  and  they  wet* 
r«Mon  of  the  Unlned  no- 
litu  nl  and  financial  •iluaiion.  bat  the  rnlnine 
wa*  •omewhat  mtiicied  by 
money. 

The  nominal  rate* 
ing  in  January  were 
$40»i  for  *ijrht.    Bill*  were  mn»  aad 
matul  for  remittance  was  ao  great  by  rmaon  of 
tfMOMtl 

nil    tl.. 


.       ...    ...         •    . 


$«.550.000.    On  the  «*h  the  Bank  of 

1  the  price  of  American  fold  coin  to  7««. 

^•r  ounce,  but  mich  wa*  the  urgency  of  the 

demand  to  mint  the  in.ial  that  nominal  rate* 

l.anp-  w. : 
ilay   and    $4.iJOi    f«>r 


on  ilir  amh 

>akiiiK'  a  total  fur  the 

new  i**oeof  bond*  enwrd  a  fall  of  half  • 
nominal  rate*  on  the 
thrrr  wa*  a  reoota 

:      • 

.lav  and  $4.W  to  $4»|  for  *4gbU     T\e  MrkH 


he  morninf  of  the  JI-,  bat 

e  aftm».«ci.aAd  lav 

.t  $4  W  to  *4JM  lor  daty- 


opened  *troog  on 

for  January,  bol 


in  thr  aftrrmwo  nrw«  that 


un*rltlrd  and  lower,  nominal  raten 
««  and  $4.w  fnr  »hon 
-xit  the  middle  of  the  month  there 
wan  a  firmer  tone  by  renann  of  a  demand  for  re- 
m  nod  rates  advanced  by  the  do*e  of  the 

-• 
HMforrffbt.    OB  the  tOth  $UW,- 


FlNANViAL   :  OF  1895. 


- 


MMUMSji  were  nail  a  cem  mgner  i  w 
in  Janiwry.  when  g»M  was  being  *hi 
of  the  OMUl  was  wot  abroad.  |mr.  ly 
the  «no*ftainty  regarding  the  qual 


on  the  t&d  $1,470.000  gold  arriv. 

the  fir*  imp*  l;"'"1 

•iroontn*' t  unh  r 

•'..    market  opened  at 

'    •       i-,        .      .      :    *s  -••   '      MJW       '       -    '. 

.  hancitii;  to  $4.W*   f.-r   the   former. 
•3  mnaiiiinff  nnoCengwl  unt.l  th. 

.,-Mrd  for  l.-iig  mid  $4.90*  for  ihOft 
The  nrfenl  demand  for  remittance  was  m.-t  al- 

,  lull*  drawn  by  the  Bond 

lijoa.ll  until  toward  the  close,  when  some  bills 
were  drawn  for  the  purpose  of  loaning  the  pro- 
.<money  market.*  I...  i.  «a-  th 

.ge  was  Mm  HIT  at  the 

rod  of  ti,    month,  but  thoufh  rates  for  actual 
half  a  cent  higher  than  they  were 
pad,  none 
MUM  of 

the  quality  of  the 
would  be  supplied  by   the   Sub- 
Treasury,  tat  mainly  f..r  the  reason  that   the 
i<tUe  were  willing  to  meet  the  reijuin- 
:.:•'.  r-  uith  bills.     In  April  nominal 
••-.-.     •,  ,     ;     w.  r.    pr»  tfoaJlj    unalt.-red  at 

•188*  to  $!»'  .-y-day  and  $4.90  to 

$4.904  for  sight  until  the  end,  when  the  lower 
rate  for  long-standing  was  advanced  to  $4.80, 
ami  the  market  closed  firm.  The  Bond  Syndi- 
cate had  «••  "Land  they  continued  to 
«upply  bills  to  UK-' ?  the  demand  for  remittance, 
drawing  against  rniti-«|  States  bonds  and  other 
securities  which  they  placed  abroad.  The  suc- 
cess of  the  Bond  Syndicate,  which  was  pretty 
fully  demonstrated  by  the  end  of  April,  seemed 
to  restore  confidence  abroad  in  the  Am 

M.  and  large  amounts  of  securi- 
ties were  sold  to  Kur«|»eans  during  May,  not 
only  by  the  HVI,,II,  ate.  but  by  other  bankers,  and 
ly  the  exchange  market  was  liberally 
ssjpplled  with  bills.  The  market  opened  easy  at 
$4.881  to  $4.89  f  I  $4.90  to  $4.00* 

for  sight,  and  by  the  ilth  there  was  a  fall  to 
$4£64  to  $4JJ?4  for  the  former  and  $4.87*  to 
$188*  itt<r.  At  these  rates  the  Bond 

•ate  began  to  rebuy  the  bills  which  they 
had  Hold  at  high  figures,  thun  absorl>ing  all  offer- 
ing*, and  the  market  gradually  grew  firmer,  rates 
advancing  by  the  28d to  $4JJ8  for  sixty-day  ami 
$449  for  sight,  and  'inn  at  $4.88  to 

$4J#<  •  :.s»  to  $4.89*  for 

thchi't  r.  The  market  was  strong  in  June,  in* 
inenceil  by  a  demand  to  remit  for  stocks  sold 

iropean   account,  which   selling  WHS  en- 
coaragiHl  by  the  comparatively  high  pri«  • 
ing  far  tome  of  the  pr«>jKTties,  but  though  the 
bond  contra*  t  wait  fulfilled  by  the  end  <>f  the 
udicjite  retained  control  of  the 
ng   all   demands   for   remittance 
«••  their  bills.    The  nominal  rates  ope i, 
$4J8|    for    sixtTHlay   and    $4.89*    for    sight, 
promptly  adramtd  to  $4.89  to  $489*  for  the 
former  and  $4.90  to  $4.90*  for  the  latter,  and 

.  mnained  to  the  close.     In  July  th.   mar 

Uy  and  $4^0  to  $4.90*  for  sight,  an 
ig  to  $4.00  for  the  former  and  $4.01    for 
the  bv  :,  ngures  were  unprecedented  Iv 

high,  and  these  rates  called  for  comspondinsHf 


The  Bond  Syndicate  1  .:•»-.!  to  IIP-,  t  with 

bills  all  demands  for  n-inittain  «•.  and  n..n, 
bankers  made  the   lea-t    attempt    t..  >\\\\ 
but    on    the    i:ith    $*J(MMNM)    (.f    the     metii 
shipped   liy  a  bullion   h..u-e   !••!•  pr.-lii.  and  this 
ua-.    followed    by    $1,000,(NN)    b\    a    coinii 
.  and  by  the  r|o>e   of    the  Illollt  I 

•  d.  luit  the  B«nd  S\  ndicat' 
bursexl  th.    .  .  .i.-p.-itin 

' 


short,  and 


for  ]one-  **'w  *>  ^»0*  for 
}  to  $4.iiOJ  for  cable  transfers, 


on   the  -Jlth.     The'  market    wn-   generally   linn 

durin  |><  ning  at  $4.!" 

and  %  i  .'it.aii'l  rat.--  l..ra.-lnal  I". 

0  $4.89*  for  l..i. 

$4.90|   f«r  sli..rt.aiid   $4JK)f  to  $4.'.' 
tran-l.-rs.     On   the  'JUd  otl 
against  gold  exports  caused  a  decline  m  n 
rates  to  $4.89*  for  sixty-day  and  si;." 
the  first  reduction  since  July  v.'i>.  and  th 
grew  easier.  -     •   to   *  1  '.'"   ' 

tonner  and  $4.1M)  to  $4.»1   for  the   latter. 
ex|x>rts  for  tin-  month  weiv  s  !•">.  t  I'.'.HIMI.  and  f«»r 
the    purpose   of   reiml»ui-in:r    the  Treasury  tin; 

syndicate     depo>ited     $8,500,000    L'"ld.       h 

t."-ml.er  the  market  opened  at  $4.N!»lo  $•!.• 
sixty-day  and  $4.90  to  $4.!>1   f-r  n-l.t.  and  tin- 
tone  became  easier  after  the  middle  ..t  the  month, 
influenced   liy  olTeriii^  of  bills  against  ^- 
|M,rt^.  and   also   b\   pome   drafts  against    < 
Hi'   market  closeifat  $4.88  to  $1 
and  $4.89  to  $4,89*  for  the  latter.     Sliipm> 
-ol.l  amounted  to  $16,OCO,000,  of  which  ^^H 
000  were  sent  to  Germany  on  order,  and  $4^^H 
000  gold  was  sent  by  one  of  the  regular  banking 
houses  in  consequence  of  their  inability 
cure  bills,  the  syndicate  having  ceased  t- 
but  during  the  month  they  de|M>sitc<: 
with  the  Treasury,  making'with  dej»o>it-  not  pub- 
licly announced  $10.1 
market  opened  steady  at  $4.87  to  $4> 
day  and  $488  to  $4.89  for  sight,  but  by 
there  was  a  fall  to  $4.87  to  $4.87*  for  t  li. 
and$4.88to$4.88*forthelattcr.cau-e,|  b, 
liberal  offerings  of  cotton  bills  and  drafts  ;. 
Anaconda  mining  stock  placed  abroad,  bu; 
were  promptly  absorbed,  gradually  the  r 
•inner,  and  it  closed  at  $4.88*  for  !•  : 
$4.89^  for  short.      No  gold  wa-  shipped  duniij; 
the  month.     The  market  was  strong  dun: 
vember.     Rates  at  the  oprnini:  were  ^4.*- 
Hxty-dayand  $4.89^  for  sight,  but    by 
the  latter  advanced  to  $4.90  in  c,,n-,  .',u 
higher  discounts    in    London,  and 
ruled   to  the  end  of  the  month.     On   tl. 
$1,000,000  gold  was  shipped  to  Km 
export-  for  the  month  amounted  to  » 
and  t!  i  L'.-ld  bars  to  ship) 

the  close  at  ^  °f  l  ll<>r  '•'•"'•  I"'-  ""• 
I!MT  niti-s  i.jM-ned  at   *4>"-    for  Ir.i 
$4.90  for  sight.     T!  ay  rate  v 

vanced  on  the  5th  to  $4 

:    di-4-ouni-,  in    London,  and   £.". 
wassent  to  Bu«  i.  n  the  4th  it 

more  .,n  the  7th.  and  $2,600,000  was 
Kurope  on   the   7th.     Th- 
the  second  week  and  only  $1,000,000  v. 
ported  to  Kurope.     In  tl,  k  th«r 

market  was  strong  and  >-• 
Germany  on  Tuesday.    Toward  the  end  «.r  the 
week  the  market  was  somewhat  d.-r.: 
tivity  in  money,  and  $8,100,000  gold 
to  Efurope  and  $300,000  t 


.1.   REVIEW  OP  18M. 


tfce  ttd  and  94th  the  fear  that  legal  tenders  could 
.utfed  an  «  n  raUs  for 

..,-•-...«  u,  :•    1     »;••. 

Uainfrr*.       I!-  r,     « «,  «  >>,.,,,„„•    ol    S|.;..MO, 

*  ami  I'^.UiiU.UUU  were  engaged 

lie  probability  that  it 
c»MiM  be  employed  to  guud  advantage  in  oooneo- 

,us  Ayres,  making   * 

>••.•:!,  America  began. 
•aaafartnrlnf  Industries. -The  i 
nation  in  January  and  until 
eVoce  u-^a 

•pun  all  manufacturing  imluiaries.     Km 
there  was  a  revival,  which  wan  . 
noticeable  in  iron.    This  was  followed  later  on 
improvement  in  cotton  goods,  and  grad- 

fraiurv  ;  iintary  advance  in  wages  by 

SMnufacturers  all  over  the  country,  indicating  a 
profitable  business  and  a  disposition  <  n  the  part 

itxMirageth.  n  I-MI|I|O\ «•«••.. 
mg  the  summer  ami  rarlv  full  the  iron  trade  led 

k.    There  was  also  a  good  demaml  for 

r  rnilr.-a.l  ami  structural  purposes,  but 

••ml  of  the  year  the  inquiry  grew 

I  prices  Ml'otT   f,-.  ::,   the  highest 

II      Ml     O, 

*|N'«-ulati\.-    iiiMiii|iuhitioii     of    the 
•  •<-k    main. 

it   the  East.    'I  -.-I   for  leather. 

-    • 

v|H>rts  were  large,  not  only  of 
aide*,  but  of  manufactured  goods.    The  coal 
*as  more  or  less  unsettled  during  the  year 
a  appeared  to  be  unrw-- 

ading  receivers  and  the 
mnagers  of  the  other  companies  regarding  an 
mnant  of  the  output,  and  though  earnest 
fcru  were  made  in  tin-  .1 


.tisooeessful.    Self-interest,  however. 
bdttced  all  inanagen  so  to  regulate  j 

prevent   the  market   from   bring  greatly 
I  ncreased  importations  of  woolen 
liad  a  (leprvssing  effect  upon  home  maiiu- 
ws  an  -.\ere  compelled  to  close, 

i   their  goods  a  :>k'lv  Mimll 

ug  markets  exceeded  those  of  1899 


13.1'.- 
O  in   18M 


s  in  1895  n 
agmi 

ri, 


er  of  the  year,  foll-.wrd  by  a 
Mt-oiul  and  third  quarter* 
ln»t  iiiinrtrr.  caused 
In    ? 

ensions  amount,  -i  to  69*4  per 

iur  u»  speculation  in 

on. 


represent  ing )«: 


lei*  ***> 


rate  wi 

air  on  t (mi  ,u? .    Toward  las)  end  of 
uary  loans  were  made  at  8  per  CM. 
-.  temporar 

•ui.1  warehouse  oropany. and  dunn 

i  be  market 

i'icct  of  tnfiasnrii 
brought  about  ate^pomry  advan. 
osv^aml  at  the.  same  lima  some  of  the  bank* 
sought  to  maintain  a  >|- per  cent,  rate.  In  Uv- 
tober,  while  the  bank  reserves  were  low  by  rea- 
son of  withdrawal,  of  t  arm,,  ,,  .*,. 
noses,  8  per  w-nt.  WM  again  rerordnl  f,.r  a  frw 
days,  but  later  the  rate  fn  During  the 
semipanic  on  Dec,  SO  and  $1  loans  were  mails 


i-ut  on  Dec.  if  the  Bank 
:  louse  decided  to  issue  loan 


»n.i  tt,.  re*  Ml  t  .  .:  ptresjM      \f..r  ......... 


bursemenUof  Janua: 

call  loans  became  eonfested.  ami  it  •*. 

to  place  money  at  1  per  cent,  until  t. 

close,  when  the  market  was  partially 

by  the  payments  for  the  wansoass 

above  noted,  and  also  by  the  •!  rained 

of  the  Treasury  resulting  from  withdrawal. 

•»ml  the  market  «a*  artitr  at  it 

:      •     .-  '  r          ,   :         -       ' 

At  the  same  time  there  was  n  good  demand  for 
loans  for  fixed  periods  with  an  liiafliiiiil  eat* 
ply.  and  the  rates  were  advanced  to  S  per  rrtn. 
forthirtydays,8for  sixty  day*,  84  for  ninety  day*, 
and  4  for  five  to  six  montha,  There  was  also  an 
advance  in  commercial  paper  to  4  §• 
short  indorsements,  and  to  4  t 

MX  months'  single  names.    In  February 
call  loans  ranged  from  I  to  *  psrcenU  falling 
to  the  first-named  rate  after  the  1 1  tit.  an 
was  done  in  time  contract*,  but  nommeniel  pa- 
per was  in  good  request  at  *4  to  Sf  per  m>t. 

•  lorsement,  and  44  to  *4  for  tmr  to  sit 
months'  single  names.  In  March  money  on  call 
was  fairly  act  i  re.  ranging  from  5  to  If  percent.; 
time  loans  were  8  to  4  for  sixty  to  ninety  days, 
to:,  f,.r  f..ur  t,  MX  months,  whilr  coe»- 
ntcrcial  paper  was  in  good  supply  • 

I  to  4  par  ornL  for  sixty.  toaiaKy^iay 
bOJi  reeeivn       '..       ;. 

/  prime  single  names,      i 
money  on  call  was  active  at  tl  to  8  par  tint.. 
but  it  soon  grew  easier,  and  the  rair  fell  k>  I. 


There  was  only  a  light  inquiry  f.  r  timr  w 
tracts,  but  the  demand  fur  cesjunercaml  fewer 
was  urgent,  and  rates  were  84  to  8|  per  eantJbr 


indonemenu.  and  4  to  ft  forlonr^o'six 

.....          •    .  V  •       •      ...    .     WSJ   -:     » 

»u|.|.l>  in  need  by  tne  distm 

'     |..    j.r          • 

reserve  fund*  and  9  of  1  per  cent,  was  recorded 
n  the  month,    ^wrtatiims  for  lime  con- 


percent, during  the  year.    A 5-par> 


tract*  w,-rr  It  to  9  percent    for  th. 

uid  24  to  3  for  five  to  six  months,  while 
commercial  i*|*r  was  as  low  a> 
for  short  indofssinfnts.and84 

. 
for  call  loans,  time 

•       .,       .-     -  .       :      '. 


IKW  OF  1895. 


ranging  from  j  to  a  j-  •  raging 

If  «(lrr  UK-  middle  of  the  month  in  mil*-,, 
tif  the  moremrnt   of   runvnry  to  the  n 

•.,.1,  st.  and 

r»ir»  wer*  3  per  cent  f.-r  iliirty  day.*.  •_'•  t.. :(  f..r 

4  f..r  four,  and  3}  t 
Art  to  on  MX 'n  MieremI  |wi|*>r  was  in 

good    Mpplv    with    *    liu'lil    d.  m.iud.  an.. 

i|  JIT  ••ml.  for  >hort  indor*-in.  ntx. 
and  4f  to  5}  f«>r  f.-ur  to  six  month*'  -in-i.- 
names  Low  bank  reserves  had  some  inflneoet 
upon  money  on  rail  in  <MoU  r.  and  il.. 

•     :.-  .-.     h,  r,  wen  liberal 

'  -  .  .  -/  f  r  fix,  i  ,-n..^  ,tl  V.'  |,r 
for  thirty  days.  2f  to  8  for  *i\ty  to  ninety 
tud  :i  to' 4  for  four  to  eight  months.  Com- 
•liBiil  paper  was  of  slow  sale  at  4*  per  oeot 
for  indorsement*,  and  44  to  5$  for  four  i<>  H\ 
sMstkt'  single  names.  31  all  was  in 

abundant  supply  in  N'ov,  inU-r.  loaning  fr- 
.4  mr  cent.,  and  there  was  no  M. 
anner  in  timceontr.i  i>    r  in  oommerdal 
eomparrtl  with  tlu>  iin-viouMiioiith.   In  I  >• - 
•.until  t  In-  ••!!•!  of  tin'  third  week  call  loans 


1  to  8  tier  cent,,  while  time  contracts  were 
auotcd  at  $1  per  cent,  for  thirty  days,  8  for 
sixty  to  ninety  days,  8|  for  four  to  five,  and  4 
to  4f  for  six  to  seven  months.  Commercial 
M|M»r  wan  4  to  4«  for  indorsements,  and  4|  to  5| 
for  four  to  six  in,,nth>'  single  names.  During 
the  semipanic  above  referred  to  monev  on  call 
loaned  at  80  per  ••••nt.:  l.ut  in  the  foil., win-; 
week  confidence  was  reston  i  |,\  tin-  proinpt  ac- 
tion of  the  liaiik  Clearing  House  in  cWiding  to 
resort  to  loan  certificates,  and  rates  fell  off  to 
.  luit  the  market  was  more  or  I.-s 
to  i  hi*  md  of  the  year,  and  time  loans 
and  commercial  paper  were  nominally  6  per 

foralldale*. 


The  Imnk  l.-ans   at    the   lieu'inninu'  of  ,Iniin;irv 
were  $488,890,000.    Ther.  reduc-tion  tl 

-   .-  '    :    -     'Ml    i  \    April  '1.  iili.l  :i   -railual    IIL-IVUM- 

to    $522fe98.9(io,    ih,     higheM 

ifter  there  was  a  uecrease  to  $47 

:>(MI.  the   lowest  of  the  yeai 
reached    the    maximum, 

was  a  fall  to  N'                  '  April   «.  ,lu,.  i,, 
|.a\in.  His  f,,r  11.  nt.  1 1>.  fi.||«,\\ 

a  rise  to  $7'  I  after  il» 

wasagradiml  fall  to  $00,861,900,  the  I ov 
the  year.  <».-i.  \'2.  followed  by  n 
legal  tenders  rose  to  $108,065,500  <• 
bat, influenced  br withdrawals  ••>  th. 

<hev  fell  to  $78,894,600,  tho  lowest 
year,  by  March  80.    Th.  r.  aft.  r    tl 
gradual  rise  to  $119,883,500,  the  In 

r.  liy  Aug.  17,  follo\\r.|  l.y  a  decrease  t«' 

Dec.  28,  reflecting  the  movm 
interior,    ami    withdrawal- 
Deposits  f,.|i  from  $009,512,600  .Ian.  W  t. 

"I.    til.'     lowi-t     of     the     yrar.    A| 

i  aine  a  rise  to  the  highest  point,  x 
on  Aui:.  17  followed  by  a  fall  to  $501,0,v 
Dec.  28.    The  surplus  reserve  was  at  th. 
Ml  of  the  yrar.  $45£80,450,  .Ian.   -JU.  and 
lowest,  $13,413,450,  Mar.-h    ::n.     1 

to  $41,996,575  July  27.  ami  a   fall  t. 
176,900  Oct.    ]'2.  due   t(i   the   inoveinnit   of  nir- 
rency  to  the  interior.    There  wasagradu 
vance  thereafter  to  near  the  close  of  th 
when  there  came  a  decline  to  $1~> 
Dec,  38, 

The    condition    of    the    New    York    ('!• 
House   lianks.  the   rates  of   interest,  exc^^H 
and   silver,  and   the  prices    of  United 
bonds,  on  Jan.  4, 1896.  compared   with  th 
items  for  the  preceding  two  years,  an 
low: 


'***•*  STWSB  Beers*  j 

3TWS1::::: 


- 

1 1  405,100 

174,0 


1  tot* 
2fto8 


HT  I>M  * 
111}  l.i.l 


•r.n.r.i 


|1. .,779,675 
4  to  I 

80M. 

•  |4  89 

104  ' 
109 


:ododi  percent*. 

Th*  following  is  the  New  York  Clearing  House  statement  of  totals  at  the  begin  nit 
quarter  of  1885 and  at  the  end  of  the  year: 


DATR. 


MJS74  ..... 


;,..,...<,.,„„ 


I,  pd  t.r.>r. 


• 


:BW  OF  180ft. 


. 


•»af- 

•  terwrta  werr  the  altaiuiuiiittriil 
.in   for  the  re- 

•M*    an. I 

iiAtuU  of  recri  • 

u»)hania 
l«r  foreclosure  in  February;  •  n*- 

Man-h;  (he  Mobile  «n-l   Hir- 
r«.lm 

.m-lmurr  in  April;  thr   \ 

'.fine  was  deck: 
can.  inbua,  Saadusky  and  II- km- 

'   a  rrtfivi  i 

••  Kii^lnini  wa"  -i.|.|  ui 

.ii'l  Hart* 
n  a  conflict  of  au- 

dgai  in  thr  >i«t,-  ..f  \\  a^hii.-t.-n  ai.-t  thatJ  rft- 


-    •     .  i, 

in  II 


confluence  in  the  currency  contributed  maim* 
ally  to  an  increase  in  railroad  earnings,  and  irad« 
.1  wa*  further  simulated  by  li 

VandrH.ilt  and  the  Penn»tUania  «y*frm»,  for 
improvements  and  betterments,    li. 

*!,.  .it  m  BOM  ".-  f  .»  >  '.-.  sji   .•:  pattatjtj 

an.  I  the  Missouri,  Kanaas  and  Teias 
heavy  losses  in  the  fall  on  arom, 
crop  of  cotton.    Taken  as  a  whole,  the 
earning  »  .  IMttAthan  in  the  prwions 

year.    Except  in  a  few  instances  there  were  BO 
.-.  an.i  the  severe  nnaishatetit  of 

••  as  imprisoned  for  several  months  for  coav 

tnnpt  "f « ,-urt .  fteetned  to  have  a  »alutary  effect. 
llowing  shows  gross  and  net  earnings  of 
the  principal  trunk  lines: 


M   r  *.'•:!::«••»  ____ 


M.4I10N 

7.4  I-'- -.'..-. 


-M 


T.4U.ISJ 


I  HI.  I       I..-. 


•toatn 


ig  in  \ViMi m*in  regarding  hern  Pa- 

fe  mad.  and  thi-  iv-i;  re-i^iiation  of 

>  Oakes,   Payne,  and   House,  and    th- 
lerrnces  were  not  settled  at  the  end  of  the 
•*d  issue  of  $10,000,000  new 
.   the    IllnioiH   r, Mitral  was  si 

•f  Georgia,  the  Savannah  and  West- 

iliaina,  ami 
Midland  were  sold  under  foreclosure  in 

'10  new  trunk-lnK-  n^nt-nn  nt    was 
r  it  was 
kimeil  that  it  wan  in  \ 

,••.  were  tlir  The 

lion  Part  f  •   to  give  exclusive 

•  H  t<>  the  Western  Union  to  main tm: 

Nlnn- 

M..».iie  aii.liiiranl. 
(1  and  Western  Carolina  were 
M.re.     In    lV,,.,nlMr 
P»  an.l  Northwestern,  which  reduced  the 

for 
f  i?i 

iii.l  Kio  (tramle  Metalfd 
•ir>t  rilice 

W.  and  the  plan  for  u   r.  ••;  j-ini/atioii  of  thr 
^•^wa^  :**ka 

Montgomery  and  Kufaul ... 
Bofqoehanna,  and  the   I 

^warl  f  the  year  there  wri>»  rumors 

whirh  foii,.«,  .1  the  early 
TOU  xxxv.—  ; 


MM     \i:is  |\   is-,,  ler  thb  litlr  ar« 

treated  the  princii>al  art  rvenu  of  the  year  ev4- 
th   I ».-.. .,1-r.   IV,         lading  eap^rtally 
the  great  cxhihition,  m  Kurofw  and  the  t 
States,  sales  and  acqaUitioos  of  work*  of  art, 
and  erection  of  pabUo  statoes  and 

i«:  SaloaoftlieCkaaipellyilea.    TW 


in  the  Palais  de  rindoetrie  (Marl  to  Jaw  «|, 
Pniniings.  l^;nc'artooiis,Cwa^ 


miniatures,  ensniek.    porcelain 

turrs.785 
precious  stones,  60 ; 

ngravinffa 
following  are  the 
18M:  Section  of  Dinting:  ] 
Ernest  BAwrt.  No  n^t-Aa- 
Second^lass  medals:  Jnaquim 
tida.  i,  i  «...-..  • 

I          •    ^        •  i  •  :    I 

Kene    I, 

han 
' 
meds 


art,  115; 


'    -;• 

•     '      V    • 
B0M      i., 

Ulat, 


1    M'v 
Em  ile  h^louar 

\Y  •    r  "u^leOlrnrV  H -  , 

Jacqwei  Dkrrki.  Mile. 

K.  ul.!.  Jnlm  Adler.  Paul  A!|,h..n«c  NUrM.    \ 

•  i  ,  \Mbom  \ur-,.-  Qee/r  Hi   MM     N     - 

l^ind.^illiam  L.  PfeknelL  William  R. 

Lock  hart,  Thoeaas  Cooper  Ootea,  fckmard  Cri- 


K  ARTS  IN   1895. 


.  Ron*  Ulong.  Edgard  Maxcnoe.  Paul 
rhal«f.  Paul  I.  ^   (JMton 

Oartion  nf  r  nlj  nir--  Modal  of  h<>n<>r.  Frede- 

^Mi»lr  llarthnldi.    First-class  modal :  Ib-n- 

ri  DfcWOau.,inp.    Sw.n,|.rlaM  medals:  Paul 

Uoanau    Roossean.  Ernest   Dagonet,   Georges 

Mark  Valentin  Bam»u  Alph.-n-v  M-n.-rl. 


.<odore  Riviere.  Third-clas*  meilalH: 
Kniast  Ufrand.  Femand  llamar.  Jules  Jean 
Ptodarki*.  Jean  Batiste  1  aol  Oievre, 

.-.     •   .     i ..   .  •_••,..  i,   „  Bardelle,  ita....! 

.,    •-,-:   P...    ...    P.»ul     M.'.m.   i  harles    L..IIIS 

Uurvnt  l^laire,  Jean  Marie  Mapru 
gtrtinn  of  arvhit«--turc  :  No  medal  of  honor 
and  no  Angelas*  medal  awarded.    Second-data 

i.mzinuel  Pniitrvmoli.  AlU-rt  Charles 
-r.    Louis    Charles    Marie    Varrollier, 
Ann.-  Du- 
,  , ..n  with  Gabriel 

,'lunl-rlaw  medals:  I*urent   Farge, 
(imlUumo    TmnrhH.   Joseph    Charles    M 
Btrfar.Theophile  Lech-re.  Felix  Btftot  \."\\i* 
Boutron  in  rollalmratioii  with    x  ancois 

8choelkopf.  Eugene  fcmile  Bsnault-IVltori. 


of  engraving  and  lithography :  Medal 
of  honor.  Charies  Baude.     First-das*'  medals: 
\  .,       ••      •     _--..-.-:v    Jean  Patriot)  (bu- 

rin).   Stcond-claat  medals :  Claude  Fai vre  (etch- 

IH.M  Dcsbrosses 
Iiburoede  Man-  d.uriin.     Third-class 


:    (iusUve   ThiH>t)hile    Caillaux 
nphv).    Paul    \  rril    irtrhinjr). 

CTOPOJ  (wood).  Mario    Kdmoiid    li<>n<-r 

iiniiM  (ctchini:),  Ed- 
•wis(wooil).  Knii-t  .luillcrat  (lithog- 
raphy).  Alfml    Boilot    i,-tcliini:i.    H«-nry  Wolf 
.  Ai.TK-,,1  chnrlrs  lii'iuinl  (lithography), 
•*t  Heoeri,  to  whom  was  awarded  th* 
mcila.  f  th,-  yriir.  exhibited  "  Lc  Som- 

rncil  da  PEnfant  Jesus,**  a  Madonna  of  the  sen- 
timental type  si.  iria,"  which 
..-illy  brought  him  into  notice. 

.run.  hi-  c-losest  competitor,  to 
•v  .    .   _•  :•  aroati  >^  iabi  d  to  award  «!«•• 

m«dal.  cxhihitod  a  largo  decorative  frieze  in- 
traded  for  d.-  Villc.  represent int;  a 
painUT.  a  musician,  and  a  |—t  dreaming  in  a 
wood  of  pines  and  orange.-.  MIM-  to  the 
•vie  in  the  branches,  while  angels  with  large 
wings  fly  down  to  visit  them.  Thi-  picture,  of 
•  theme  by  no  means  new.  possesses  technical 
rorrit*  which  give  it  great  interest. 

Jean  Paul  Laurens  sent  a  colossal  upright 
panel  painted  in  distemper,  intended  for  the 
Capitol  of  Tonlou*-.  entitle,!  ••  L»  Muraille, 
8*e«*  de  Tonkmse  (1218).**  representing  a  local 
strfsode  from  the  crusade  a- tint  th, 
Smith v  carfM»nt«rs.  masons,  and  other  handi- 
omnsmen, aided  by  m.-t.  and  w.,,IM-n—ind 

ition— labor  earnestly  to  oom- 
plate  Ih*.  wall.  Ihe  defense  which  will  '.-he<-k  the 
northern  inraders,  tvpiHed  l.y  armod  figu 
the  sky.    In  the  dmtanre  Wretches  the  great 
plain,  crowned  at  the  horirx>n  by  th.   Pyrenees. 
i  Mrovss  "Tira^.-  ati  ~.rt   d'une    n,,u- 
ltWfellU  an  itH'-ri-r  with   the 
on  the  left,  and  the  ran- 

•ik'ht.   while   th. 
_  platform  in  front  of  the 
cnw  resUl,  draws  a  lot  f  rora  an  urn  on  a  tripod. 


Juli  a  charactcristii 

lititl.-d  "  Le>  drinieres  Glanes."  repi 
ing  peasant  women  and  -n-1-  l-nn-inu'  limn.-  id,- 

last  sheaves  of  the  harvest. 

Munka.  ^  ••"  is  a  r«- 

picture  of  an   excited   assemlily  <>f  \v 
listenkuj  t«»  the  impassioned  words  of  a  B| 
who  is  evidently  urging  ft  >tnk«-.      I'id.uu, 
taille  iu»    rcpreseiiii! 

<    of  Wales  and  the  Duke  of  c..ni 

and    Armaiid    Ihimaresque    a   l»attl« 

the  P\  ramids  i,.r  a  l«aeki;rouiiil.  i-ntitieil  ' 

;ll»-  des  Pyramides." 
Among  the  not  iccaMc  nud«-  \\.-?-<-  •• 
•in-."  Ity    I.  In-  et    rA 

"  ' 


i  I  I'.  I-M.  i--  aii  :  "  .1.  inn  —  .  ."  l-\  I'.  I-',  l.aniy; 
-'Dan-',  lu  Soirf  l>y  W.  L.  Dodge;  and  "  I-Yiniiie 
('oucheo/1  l-y  (i.  P.Ipelin. 

.Many  ..f  fcbfl  princi|ial  s<-nlj»turcs  oft!; 
are  devoted  to  the  augmentation  of  tin    i 
ra|>hy  of  .l".-tii  of  Arc.     Antonin   M- 
tribotion.  intended  for  the  national   monuni.nt 
at   Domreiny.  represents  the  maid  at    tin 
ning  of  her  mi-si,  m.   when   al>«,ut    \»  1«  ., 
native  village.    France,  per^m  ill  ed  |.\  a  female 
figure,  with   her  r«-gal   mantle  falling'  fi'- 
shoulders  and  her  armor  broken.  supp«»rl 
self  by  resting  one  hand  on  the  j  .. 
while  jx)inting  with  the  other  to  the  di-i- 
the  kingdom.    Joan.  seizing  with  her  n-hi  haml 
the  delivering  sword  and  mi-ing  her  : 
ward,  as  if  to  invoke  the  aid  of  t  ; 
licing.  wave>  with  her  left  a  fan-weil   to  , 
is  about  to  leave. 

Paul    lMil»oi-.  wh'-e    eqin 
maid  is  intended  for  the  precinct  of  the  < 
dral  of  Khciins.  represents  her  niounteil.  holding 
in  her  uplifted   hand  a   long  .sword.      II 
and  eyes  are  raisi-d  to  heaven  in  a  -,.rt  of  ' 
while   she  ui'ire-   on   her   hor<e.  which   a<: 
rapidly  with   mane   erect    and    tail    hoi  -i 
-latite.  which  is  finished  with   minii' 
has  occupied  the  sculptor  for  f  on  ri- 

ot her  statues  of  Joan  an-  l.y  M.  I. 
resenting  her  wounded  in  a  liattle  i  • 
and  by  M.  Allouard. 

.M.  P.artholdi  exhibited  ac,,],—al  marl«l« 
to  be  erected  at  l>ale,  entitled  ••  La  Suisse  aeo^H 
nmt  lee  doolenrs  de  Strasbourg  pendant  !,•  Siege 

de   1870,"    and    M.    Fremiet    a    large   ba 
showing  a  Struggle  between  orang- 

-avage,   in    which    the    la1 
(piished.  intended   for  the  new  Museum  ol 
11  nil  History  in    I' 

The  thousand-franc  pri/c  ot  the  k- 
Arii-'  h  d  ">Frdf 

'•I-iiilliolon.  who   has   no   hand-,  but    P*f 
with  the  aid  of  a  wooden   hand.     It 

:  honorable  mention,  and  in  1894  a  third- 
ledai, 

Pai-i-     S.ilon  of  the  Cli.imp  d<    M.ir-. 
sixth  annual  exhibition  of  the  - 

-f  which 

•1^1    de-i^n-.  ilrawiiiL's.   etc..  !'.»•'  en-_Ma\ii 
M-ul|  •  •  •    ••  hitecture. 

PII  vi-   dcChavannes  exhibited  t  he  gn-atfl^B 

painted  for  the  stairca-se  r,f  the   P.-.-ton    Public 

Library,  which  is  now  in  place.  ••  I. 

spiratrices  acclarnent  lc  (Jenie.  Messager  de  I-'i- 

.  '    Alxiveaseaof  deep  blue,  un-1  i  a  -M»  n 


m 


--  to  green,  advaneai  the  *euiu*  bear- 

top   of   a  fliff,  Wh« 


he*  wile  of  pktarM  beloactiif  i«. 
<*3a3e», 


i«.  M. 


i  great  i«iiel  intended  for  the 

Halle..  '   1,  . 


^•p  rnlh.-r   thai,  a  ilnt.ralltr  Work,  Ahowi0g 
>  an-,  win. 

,•«  e*nva«  by  M.  Itoll,  alau  for  U»c  1  1 
i   do    U 

In    a 
•i  lien  an-  grouped  n 

historic*!  twin 

-  U 
[light 

are  Waft  "I.-     I'r      •• 

llarthol. 

|i    U-,-1.    km.*  i,  v    by 

l>reeenU  a  large  reo- 

w  it  Inn    uhn  h   are  seen 

a  man    an<i    a    \*<  man. 
in"   Imti.l  •>!)   her  <-oin|nii 

B^BK*  VU 

lo  of  the  entrance,  gr-u|«  -I  in 
noaturra,  arc  in  ;  >-lnl<ln-n. 

M«-    lolllli.        ll«M 

\Ulllt    111   Which 

•  hiM.  ami   with  a  figure  with 


U-,.,1,.   UM-.II. 

' 


rere  repreeeoted  thin  rear 
node  Man  bv  Alrx»: 

n 

rt  ilrrtrr. 


llanroiiv      \".  ••  _•  t!  .    i 

•ge"  of  t'ornion.  ••  !.«•  Dobarque- 
Lrniin.  :.jm'mnt" 

\ifrol 
if   sculpture*,  "  I«a   Seim 

nut  "of  llarthol,. in,'.. 

a  large  can  van  ex- 

lotto*UHaa»b»eabo«gta  - 

leiwuM 

»ilo,l  in  the  Janlin  ,!••  1'In 

on  a  Dimple  iJcdental  inwril"  •! 


llanoii.*9eate«l  in  hi*  .  hair.  i«nl«-tt.-  in  haml. 
'.  Uith  as  a  portrait  and  a»  art. 


iV.LuTv. 
•  *!«• 

i .  i,u  m  the  younger 
The  **M~*l^t  at   Mailamn   L.vn* 

I         »^^ 

•f  picture*.  »n  . 

wai  M.1.1  in  Ma>.     Among  tbe  beat  price*  ob- 
tained for  i -an, ling*  were:  Velawiu' 

«n<^Salamancm  amle.  I  Nl? 

•ale.  IHIIT    HI  .*"  fantaMar 

901000   fr. ;    .Munll--.    -t  hurth    Tnumi 

-Mar 

Orange  ami  hm  <  hiMreo."  52.000  fr.;  laaac  van 

OataJe.  -  Villa* 

-I^»ly   ami   Ca»aln-r."    .>  A     Van  de 

fr. ;   Pati-r.  "  l.'\r'j*-n-  la 

:un.   "  I  jimlM-a|M 
•nit   of  «   \\ 
rtrait  of  a  U.. man.' 

Tbe    American    Mu«ation»i    Art    lu»titutr. 
he  eatabli»hment  and 
mnintrnmiKt-  in  P»rii»  of  an  li»- 
cultun*  ami 


xl  pr.. motion  of  art  amooj(  Ai 
wotiaii.  waa  incorioratrd  in  June.    Tbt  porpov 

to  contain  a  huminrd  moma,  with  IcvCvre  and 
claes  rooms  f.-r 

franc*  prr  -U 

li  an.i  l-.ar-i.      Ihr  lirm*«n  raj.ltal  forth* 

imtitate.  which  owr« 

ami  the  ». ml. In.  to  be  ready  for 

otvupancy  earlr  next  year. 

l.oiiilon         Itotul      Aruilt-llit.  ' 

ibition  ««.^.l.>oCfd  M  malto 
to  tbow  of  Uw  l^r 

:.-miHh.  an.l  l>i. 
dred  ami  tw.-nt  v-wtmth  .uinn  -  nmm* 

,•  full  of  attni<-tnr  work- 
not  a  f«  »  ami-it  ions  OOML 

Thr   pr,-i.l,-nt.   Mr    1'rvl.  n.  k    l^-u-t.t,  n.   -  ». 


represented  M  unual  br  •eTrral  ranvaM^ 

:iiii-.rtant    of   «),;.  h   arr  rnllll-l  -  I 

and-TbeMaM 
u,.h  theOolden  H.ir       The  flrM  »l 

a  graTt»h  hioiaUon  ow  a  dark- 
Liu.-  (nun  .  Mamlnik*  n«-ar  tbe  maH4e  prdrttal  of 

funereal  »m  i- 
.itflit  a%A 
A  wreath  <>f  wiihrml   laurel  liea  at  her  feat. 


(T 


in  a  rhair  i>» 


with  trr«x 
of  «  In.  h  -nr  arm  hanca.  mkilifr  fn 

..l.-n    lUir"   i*  a    half-l.i.cth.    hfe^Jte 

fljnirr   of   a    U  ant  i  ful   Kni;li.h  mrl.  in  a  white 

robe  and  a  blwc  klm  hair  flow. 

-tie.  b  •faaorbed  in  the 

.1  t»f  a  large  U»-k  I  -HI  ml  in  n- 

.iminir  Jum-."  another  roO' 
trii.uiifin  bir  tm  president 
wnlation  of  a  linrk  ilanu^l  in  wmitmn«paree)l 
of  topax  tied  up  aaltfp   upon 


. 


PINE  ARTS   r 


•  mhiir  marble  bench  under  an  awning  in  front 
of  an  opening  in  the  wall  of  a  classic  chamber, 
fifee  lies  on  drapery  of  pure  red,  and  near  h. -r 
Use a blnek  mantle, the  highest  note  mthechro- 


Mr.  I'oynter  exhibited  nn  ••  1 

:.»n«p«rvni  pale-rose  robes  per- 
tocmliifbefcrerichlv  clad  «  om,  n  - 
dining  Upon  a  marble  U-nch  lining  (he  wall  <>f  a 
fomano-Clreek  hall.  i..\dy  rose- 

'He.  i,  pir.-u.-tnn:;  <>ii  ili'-  tostel- 
t  t..  the  iiuisi.-  ,.f  »  K\r\  who  leans 
a  column  on  the  left   uti.l   plays  the 


;      ;  •     • 

«Tadr 


'ma'-  -ingle  contribution,  a  long 
Upright  can\m  entitled  "Spring."  rvpn— 
Roman  fr*-t  of  flowers.  A  procession  is  passing 
down  a  street  between  stately  building  in 
Hadrian's  Rome  under  an  int. -n-ely  blue  June 
akv.  The  vi-ta,  lined  by  marbles  of  various 
colors,  is  partly  closed  by  a  building. -from  a 
balcony  of  which  a  lady*  and  her  attendants 
••toll  till  scene,  while  from  the  roofs  and  the 
parapets  on  each  side  groups  of  women  and 
cirls  are  showering  flowers  on  the  procession 
below.  It  I-  it  marvel  of  color  and  detail. 

Or  John  Millain'H  "Speak!  *|N  -ak  :  "  his  most 
important  contribution,  represents  a  man  in 
high  fever  who  has  been  tossing  on  a  rude 
couch  with  a  coverlet  of  sjoat>k  ng  of 

his  betrothed  or  wife  and  calling  upon  her  name. 
Suddenly,  to  hi-  !  vi -ion.  she  answers 

him  in  a"  luminous  apparition  through  the  olive 
curtain- at  the  foot  of  the  couch,  which  causes 
leap  up  and  cry  aloud  the  words  used  by 
Horatio  in  addressing  the  ghost  of  Hamlets 
father,  that  constitute  the  title  of  the  picture. 
"A  Disciple"  is  another  example  of  Sir  John's 
power  of  concentrating  interest  in  a  single 
figure  without  accessories,  so  marvelously  shown 
In  hit  earlier  pictures,  M  A  Huguenot "  and  "A 
(Jnrnl  represents  a  woman  clad 

in  an  ungirt  tunic  of  deepest  black,  with  both 
hands  lying  in  her  lap.  looking  up  with  lofty 
•irtoutmnn,  apparently  listening  to  the  words  of 
torn*  impassioned  orator  speaking  from  a 
rostrum  higher  than  her  seat.  The  scene  is 
evidently  in  the  catacombs  of  ancient  Home,  one 
of  the  dark  galleries  of  which  opens  in  th>- di- 
Unce,  A  third  picture,  **St  Stephen."  depicts 
the  body  of  the  murdered  saint,  its  draperies 
stained  with  blood,  found  by  pious  men  and 
women  who  are  approaching  in  the  gloom  of  a 
ro»d  on  the  right.  ' 

Mr.  George  P.  Watts's  finest  work,  entitled 
•JoaeVba  commanding  figure  of  the  prophet 
of  woe,  nearly  full  length,  slightly  dad  in  a  goat 
•km  bound  about  his  waist,  with  the  gourd 
siaagal  his  side,  his  brawny  arms  uplifted  to 
i  effect  to  hU  angry  and  vehement  deiiinicia- 

•  tributfiOM    by  him 

Tbe  Outcast,**  represrn ting  a  plump  and 
comely  infant  «r»t«d  at  the  foot  of  a  bank  of 
•and.  and  a  portrait  of  Max  Mailer. 

^•M  Riviere  wni  but  one  picture,  "  I'habus 
Apollo,  ( representing  toe  god  .  blue 


»ng   *t      out- 

hand,  tn  his  golden  chariot  with  one 
oiiUiepolr.  driving  a  furious  team  of  lions 
woesies  over  a  rocky  meadow  beside  a  blue 
riwr  just  lighted  by  the  dawn.    His  son,  H.  G. 


.    contributed   an   ambitious  subject    on- 
tilled   "  Sanctuarv ."   *-h"\\  in.ur   the    inleri..| 
white  marble  tem'ple,  \\heiv.  in  softi-neil  lij 
fore   a    iripintic    statue   of   Juno    np..n   a    lofty 
pedestal,  a  sorely  wounded   man  ha«  fallen,  aoi 
a    \vhole    family  — men.   w«.meii.  and   dnl 
claim  the  proleriion  of  t  In-  (^u.vn  «•!'  II... 

i  '.   'ill-'LTIl''  "  1»  the  til  !•• 

I   to   a   \\ell-paint.-d   canva.s   th 
itsown  story.     Napoleon,  mounted  oi 

attended      by      Solllt.      Hefthier.      K( 

Murat.   and"  followed  bvse\eral    aid 
rapi.lly  ai..ni,r  the  seashore,  pi/.in^  wit  i. 
anxious  face  at  the   British   lleet.  half  ve; 
the  sea  mist,  that  renders  impra< -t  n-able   • 

l!l<l. 

Malihope    Kurbes   exhibited    "  The  Smil  h y."  a 
foreeful  picture  showing  the  smoky  nileii 
country  farrier's  shop,  with  th 
a  white  horse,  while   the   owm-r.  pi|«-   in  \ 
stands  at  the  left  awaiting  the  c«  n< 
o|>eration. 

London:  New  <-;illcry.     The  \\  i 

tioll  was  devoted   to  pictures  of  the  \"elietl,; 

its    allied    school*,    the    I'aduan.    Mantuai 
Brescian,  and  comprised  examples  of  mo-1 
painter-    fn.in    Jacopo   and    (Jentilr    Hei: 
1'ietro  Longhi,  who  die«l    near  the  close 
last  century. 

The  summer  exhibition  was  «.ne  of  the  host 
that  have  yet  been  opened  at  this  gull« -r\ 
rhief  interest  centered   in   the  contributii 
Sir  Kdward  Hurne-Jones,  who  sent   ^-ix  pictures. 
"The  Sleeping  I'.eauty  "  is  thecompl- 
of  an  early  design  of  the  fourth  of  a  s< -r. 
hibited    several    years    ago.      The    prin 
stretched  on  her  couch,  and  her  attendai 
fewer  than  in  the  later  version,  while  the  colora- 
tion is  less  brilliant.    "The  Fall  of  Lu«  -if. 
picts  the  rebel  legion,  with  drooping    1 
and  reversed  arms,  the  lights  upon  t  heir  h- 
shields,  and  breastplates  gradually  growing  m0p 
wan,  sinking  in  a  lonj,',  wavering  line  fi 
golden  gate  of  heaven  to  the  nether  abyss. 
Wedding  of  Psyche,"  a  lovely  version   of  the 
Olympian  bridal,  a  portrait  of  Mr.  Gladstone'l 
granddaughter  Dorothy  Drew,  a  full-li-iiL'th  |n.r- 
trait  of  Lady  Winsor,  and  another  port  rai 
up  his  contributions. 

Alma-TademaVLove'sJewc  1  hunjr 

nearly  op|>osite  the  "Kail  of  Lucifer."  a  I 
ed  nearly  as  much  attention.     Two  han«!vin«' 
damsels  are  seated  upon  a  bp.n/.-  c.,u«-ii  j- 
of  marble  lo^ia.  from  which  OIK-  l(M>ks 
the  grayish-blue  water  of  an   inlet   of    t 
with  cliffs  beyond  and  the  h 
One  of  the  ladies,  a  rosy  blonde   with 
hair,  n-t<  her  cheek   on   one   hand   and    ' 
the  other  to  her  companion.  wh<.  i^  synif 
ally  interested  in  her  betrothal  rin^. 
with  a  tfreat  ruby.     Thi<  picture  wa>  |'.'iii 
the  D  .  '  min-ier. 

Sir  J.,hn    K.    Millais    exhib; 

r,"  cdad  in   black  and   black-v. 
armed  withascythe.  i-  pre--.in^  forv. 
the  door  of  a  nouse  li-hted   from  wit!. 
"The    Kmpty    Cage,"    a    tliree-quarter 
figure  of  a  little  girl  looking  sorrowfully 
cage  that  once  held  her  favorite  bird. 

London  :    >I  i^-cl  lam-oiis.— The  foiirih  \* 
Exhibition   of  pictures  at   the   Guildhall    Art 


!•:  ARTS  IN  im. 


•:•• 


33d,  was  even  more  sue* 
i<rada0essoBs.    With  tbeesotn- 

f   a   Hi,.-    1: 

m   I!  irl  >|H -n. .  ..n,  and  a 

|arK*-h  nia.1.-  uj.  --f  |  t   tin.        •'  '(..    RsOoV  Ml  I  '  I 

:,' 

rowing   thr  An.hor.     Mr 

•a I  nrt  sales  of  the  year  at 
raj  •*!.  phen*i  oolleetiofl  •  ( 


tint  «'|if.|,  11 

«  of  art  realixed 


•VW*   *  •  w",*-**^*» 

«cason  was  pai< 

Btinsboroufrh'M  |*ortrnit   of  -  l^uly    MolgTI 


wneti.  m  —M  for 

tl   Vniiiirrl'ili.      Tin-   pi.tiir.-.   fp.m 
«  collection,  wan  U.tiu'lit  at  rhn-i;. 

fused  7,000  guineas  for  it  in  !*:•«». 
highest  price  ever  p-n-l    1<>r  a   Gain*- 

tun 

M.    A  second 
nrtrait  of  I  july  Mulirnive  brought  £3,675,  and 

Iddaine  Lc  llrun.  fr-tn  the  Duchess 
W;   and 

4uia  Reynolds*8  portraits  of  Lady  Stn>  t  h 
r   rhiliirvn.    fr-.m    tin-   i-ollr«-tn>n   of   th«- 

tin-   l'n«-,.  rolli-rti for 

.uid    i"J.:U«»   H-INM  •  'tie  of  the 

UMiy   ;  ht  1-1365, 
portt 


tbe   llntli  col  lection, 

<«,     of  the 
roll««otion,  is  KI  o  passed  to  an 

ikr." 

f  the  most  l< 

• 

- 
\-«U»**  priti-  in 

lh.-  ll«ll"nt..l 

Itall."  i^^MOeach:  and  the 
W.  Beechey's  portrait  of  Fmlerica  Thar- 


(atlierina,  Duchess    of   York. 

».      ii.417;    l^ndsaer's  -Chery." 
Thoma.  U»  n-iH  ,'.  -  Iic«aUto  Ba- 
wuir  of   Kl    Khan   Kh.Jil 

Uaaall's- Visit 

• 

.^rof  MunlK-CaUNNX 
icmorial  l*u»t 

hM  ban  pla  •  •  in  Wasji  Mil  u£  .     ;•  h  i 
replica  of  the  bust  without  a  i«-anl.  r  i«-u  • 
same  artist  in  -«r.CMn. 

i  as  ha  appeared  in  1873.  vith  a  brard,  alw 


•In.-r.  will  |.r«4iably  be  plaesd  in  tne  Na- 
tional Portrait  •  \Vooloer  al«o  made  a 
profile  iniNUlhon  of  the  Laureate  in  1HM.  atid  a 
three-quarters  medallion  latrr. 

The  Buni.  rtatue  al  Ayr.  ervded  in  1891.  «a» 

completed  in  Attfust  by  the  pladnjr  of  a  panel 

,•  thr  (Artingof  the  purl  and  Ili^h- 

'•liirv.    The  thrveotlMr  panels  on  Ua  base 

<-f  t  »„•  monument.  |.ut  in  |.l* .-  dunnf  the  past 

f.-.ir  MM  QlMlmE     r.  •:-    -..-.,        !  -.    I:    :.    .  f 

JiUyB«arm."aad-TW 


•tie  of 

"Ladv   I'nth   Shaw." 

• 
Mrs.    Will.  • 

'-  .'.677 ; 

/ady  (Joi.l.  ii."  jil.i  n  . 
:.l«r»;  ami 


,-ht.-    Thelast  pasMl  btfca 

ml  of  ill. 
the  money  being  raised  through  ibe  *s*nions 

States  consul  at  Edinburgh.    The  sculptor  to 

QtMgc  i:.  Bissell     <  \   *\    •> 

\ork      Vitioiial  Aradrsty 
—The  Academv  held  its  swentiath 

•n  in  Apnlsnd  May.  as  usual   The 
prises  were  awarded  as  follows :  The  Thomas  BL 
i  awfctpri*  •  r  -•  \    .-,--..:       • 

.ry  Oliver  Walker'. -Morn- 
Mon";  the   Nnnnan  W.  Dodge  Pftes  for 

:h.-  u-.t  p|  rtw   palsied  hy  A  i      •     *    •     • 
l-^lith    Mit.h.ll    PrellwMrt      I.-.- 

Hall^irten   |  '*•    heat  pirtnre 

{minted  in  oib  by  a  citiaen  under  thirty  flrr 
years  of  age  (•800).  to  Charles  (\  furra«'»  -  The 
Enchanted  Shore**;  second  Julius  IlaUgArta* 

I'rtas* 
to  Satyr";  and  third  Julius  Uailgartca  pros 

i$KNi,'t,.  !->:»!,  rOOaT 

•ng  the  notewurthv  figure  pisofa  in  the 
exhibition  were  Henry  MoiJer'a  -The  Last  Mo- 

JL" 


' 


Ciang. 


"   Waiter 


ShirUw's- Swans,"  AucuM  Fnuuan's - BvieUd." 
Cl.tl.l.  .    the   White   1 

Thomas  ShirkbcUrk  .mil 

D 

•   ,v  !  -•  \:....    II    -»..,    .   .   ,       \ 


Rosa.-  Esther  Bald*  he 

Uretonmen  DMU.**and 
1..  H  n, ion  .-Convalescent." 

ion  at    the   Academy  in 

Plained  a  number  of  CMVSMS  in- 

larasting  to  students  of  art   and    literalore. 

Among  these  wvrv  a  j.-rt  m.t  of  Shelley  at  four- 

brothers  by  Swn,  Sheridan  i 
Ki.-hard  «irai.t  u  \hn  Alden  Weir,  and 

vandrr  and 

t  'harlm  I^oring  Klliott  rrnprctivrlv.    There  wrre 
law  examples  of  Reynolds  and  of  Komney 


ttt 


!\    1805. 


and  a  good  Van  I>yck.  and  ranva.*«*«.  l.y  Carolus 
Ihiran.  H..IHUII .  Sargrnl.  < 'hart ran.  and  '.Madraxo. 

»utuinn  exhibition  (Dee,  88  to  Jan.  1  1 
elated  of  814  works,  chiefly  paintings,    1 
fine  nicturr*  i>>  the  late  George  Inneas oc< 
•,..noriulhe«.uthgallen 

- 

and  "Sir 

New  Wk    ^Mi.i  i,    Mti-t,. 

.  •  n  uhibitlon  opanad  -n 

Motnl..  ^hnw    Fund    pr: 

tlJOO'wa*  awar  \     .MM,    M.  • 

iv  «  all."  and  the  Webb  prir.e  of  $800  to 

1U-.».,,H     -IMaM    Central.-     and 
Catena*.  1 1  A*  an  rthv   latid^cap- 

..mswere-Fnder  the  Willows."  J,v  Philip 
lUIr:  -llornim: 

BUtabeth    Curtis; 


Ihfl    L'ift    of   the    late    " 

•  •upyiiiL'  two  galleries 


.,,,_, 
prominent   figure    , 

\n     Autumn    Stroll."    Walter 
"'I'll.-    Cradle."    FriM-t     L.    Major's 
••  T.  mpta- 

Uon  of  St.  Anthony."  Gustave  Henry  M.-l.  -r  's 
-Under  th.  rees,"  and  William  Ernest 

Chapman'*  "  <  irtihans."  The  only  large  piece  of 
srul|»ture  was  Philip  Martign\ 

New  \o,k  National  Sculpture  soejrt*. 
—  The  second  annual  exhibition  was  held  in  M.Iv 
in  the  galleries  of  th<-  F..,,-  Arts  Building,  which 
were  decorated  with  palms  and  other  trees  and 
Arabs  to  represent  an  Italian  garden,  where  the 
statue*  were  set  off  by  a  natural  Liu-k^nuuul  of 
foliage,  or  jieen  amid  bedu  of  orchids  and  other 
flower*.  The  Vandrrliilt  gallery  wa>  ma<l<-  into 
•  court  with  low  walls  on  each  .lide  xurmounted 
by  plants  in  pot*,  with  rows  of  tree  ferns  lead- 
nig  to  an  lonif  «•<.!<.  niia.lc  at  the  end.  \\li.-n  Mr. 
Niebaus's  K  -  :  nude 

•tblete  usin^  th.  >tri-il.  was  seen  againM  a 
•creen  of  cvprewes.  In  other  prominent  places 
in  tne  gallery  were  .  I  ••  I'iljrriin  " 

and  Hi  aaated^  li-un-s  "The  Statesman"  and 
"The  Warri'-r."  <-n  tin-  (Jarfield  iiMiniinieiit  at 
Washington.  F.  \V.  Uu.  kM  jr-mp 

m  •       •  •    '.        Bfl    ",.      BMdi   Ol    .luj.i'.  r."    and 

•  m  •'-  ^Sketx  h  f.  r  i  Monu- 
MBt"  Macmonnies^  bnmx.  vj,llu(.tte  of  "  A 
liaw-hante"  and  I  i-  IT,.,  .i-played  in 

ttt  entrance  hall,    oiin  L.  Wan,,  r',  •  IMana," 
rranch*»  group  "(iallaudet   teaching  a 
Mto  Child."  and  KiwellV  -Al.rahnm   d. 
§!•£"  occupied  rereiwes  in  the  corners. 

N>w  Tort:  Metropolitan  MMeum.-The 
a«turon  rw.|«-ninK  wan  marked  by  the  cxhil.it  i..n 

fa  toM  eoUecUon  of  earlr  American  |K,rt  raits 

and  otbrr  picturw  I  ,-  from  all 

Ibe    countiy.    Of    about    150    early 

octa.  a    large    proportion    were    bv    (iilUrt 
Sluart.  Copley.  Sully,  and  Washington  A 
Bf  Mart  wcrv  |»ortraits  of  Wa-hin^ 

*mYMll'Ii'lon<  Monrr*«  *»«»  Oen.t, 

•  Portrait  of  Commodore  Decatur 
lfos^ora":  and  by  Allrton,  his  «  De- 

I'iiM     In- 


itae,  and  others  were  well  repre* 
The  (  ullun  collection  of  casts  of  Greek  and 


on  the  n^rth  side  of  the  Metropolitan  M 
was  opened   in  Novemlier.      It   contains  fam<.us 
statin's,  rn-1  ..|  the 

Parthenon,  an  i  •<  ulpt  ure-. 

N.  u    Noil»      >l  i-«  «  ll.iiicon-. 
nual  exhiliition  of  t  • 
Clnl».  at    the  gnllerii-s  of  the   Fine    \ 
West    i 

lavoral.lv  with  previous  exhi!>: 
hundredaiid  ninety-t  v, 

\ei|  in  the   south  aii'. 
tral   gnlh-rie?..  the    Vanderl.jlt    and  ca-l  ai, 

galleries  being  oloaad.  !'ie  pictnr. 

I'V  .lohn  I.,  reii  Fat  i.  n 

rthlir  'I  .  K.-llar.  K'hoda    llolnie.H 
Nich..lls.  Mathilde  de  (  o.d.-l.a.  F.  K.    M. 
Claude   Ha.irnH    1  1  irst  .  1  1  arry    l-'cnn.  and    I 
Fmmett.  Slier\\o..d. 

The  Fine  Art-  F.-deration  js  the  title  of 
<>r-L:aiii/.ation.   formed  at   a  meeting  held  at    the 
Fine  Arts  lluildinj:. 

tencled  to  include  all   the  -  M.  -rented   in 

the  tine  arts.     Ainoni,'  th« 
were  the   National    Academy  of   h.-iun.  > 
of  American  Arti-t-.  Archit'cctural  Lea^i. 
tional  S-ulpture  Si»c.  •  \  of  the   I 

Arts  Architects,  Municipal  An  'id  the 

\  ..rk  Cha|.ter  of  the  American  In>tr 
Architects.     Kushdl  Stiirgis  was  elected  presi- 
dent. 

The  Mural  Painters  is  the  name  chosen   i 
association  of  professional  artists,  whose  • 
is  to   promote    the  delineation    of   the    human 
liirure  in  its  relation  to   iirchilectur.  .  whether 
rendered   in  pigment,  stained  ^la—  .  mo-aic.  ta|.- 
csiry.  or  other  appropriatr  medium.     .!«.!. 
Farge    was    elected    honorary    presideni. 
Frederic    Crowninshield    and'<..    :.      \\ 
nurd  vice-proideiit-. 

The  Anicriran  Art  A-sociation  held  a  d 
tion  sale  of  its  collection  of  painting-. 
art.    etc..    at    Chit-krrin.i;    Hall,    in    April.     The 
•>ck  portrait  of  the  u  Man-hi-M-  di  Spiimla 
and  her  Little  (Jirl"  hnm^ht   the  hiirhrst 

iMHIghl      for     the      I', 

M.Charles  Sedelmcycr.     Sir  Joshua  l,V\i 
portrait  of  Lady  llei-vey  sx.ld  for  *0.  1  ' 

Susan  c.  Warren,  of  Boston.    Tro\.-n'-  ••  The 
Tiinrof  Milkinu'."  $5,050,  toll.  O'NTe"il.    .M 
"  Meltin_-    I.-.-  "    and    •'  \"ur    t\. 
iHiuirlit  I'V  Henry  (t.  Ila\.-ni.  \er  for  > 
$2.600.    (Jainsborough's"Mi-.  Beech 
•  :   Sir  Thomas    Lawrence'-   "  V 

QS'l  '•  I'.-rtrait    of   hi-    Falhn 

fessor."  $5,55o  :  Bronrino's  "  I'ortrait  of  r. 
Caplla."   $4,100;  "The    I'.-nd  of   Ville 

Ine  hundred  and 
pictures  l.n.ui:ht  in  the  ag-1 

The  collection  of  (ii. 

of  170  pictures,  sold  on  I-VI,.  ','1.  n-alix- 

At    the  .sjile  of    the  picture-  of    t  he 

In  ness,  on  I  t,  and  M.  the  total  a' 

realize<l   wa«  $10s.c,7o.  di-tril.i, 

:  and  third, 

'.  "The  Comin-  Storm."  one  of  t( 
pictures  in  the  collection,  on  which  an 
price  of  $3,000  was  put,  remained  unsold. 

A  collect  ion  of  'Jo  pictures  |,y  the  ; 
In  ness  belonging  to   II.  li.  Il.i.-;-.n    v.a 


i:  ARTS  IX   18W. 


. 


in  January  at  the  American  Art  Galleries  fur 
by  Daniel  Huntington.  commemo- 

tneroa.    V 

^^Hfcrk.    I^er  C'oopar  !•  praaiding  and  Mr 

I  • 

" 

with   an    important 
U-rn  masters,  eom\ 

^^•p-     I.  •  were  bung  tbe 

ltrvt..n,  tw,,  .  nnraseoby  Ken- 

•  U,  one  by  Meadag,  and  one  by 

Thrm-r  Soh.arUo.     In  the  other  hall*  ail  lM 

best  |  I-  MI  I'  .t   li    in -1  I  Icroish 

; tuition,  which 
opened  on  May  1  and  closed  on  Sept.  89.  was  a 

remarkably  successful  000*    The  French  Socicte 

:••*  Beaux    '  part   m  it  ami 

Ike  arUata  represented  werv  •  havannc*. 

M,  (tervex,  Jean  Bemud. 
Ooartois,  Beanard.  and  Ar\ 

..lame  Bcsnar.1 

Majsra  ami   Yallj;rvn.  rtwni- 

tucricati  and  Kngli«h  {mintcr*  also  took 

Bofttnn.  he  aeries  of  '(.aintinga  by 

f  Boa- 

•  rv  rxhiln*  !<>ii  nmi  n 
YoHt  u  n,*   n,    M«n-h. 

•  Deli  very- K«M>m  of  thr  h- 
•object  is  the  legend  of  Galahad 
•ad  the  qoeat  of  !.  nmi  the  fire 

nor* 

iliH-l  nmi  his  nurse; 
intrtMluctii 
;  4.  llw  inMitti- 

•  an-h   for  tln>  tiruil ;  '».  tJnlal. 

fortaa  when  he  aee«  the  vision 

:lluj.tmtive  of  the  -  Re- 
are  also  in  place  in  the 
•Ureas*  hall  on  the  second  i' 

vaint- 
>mprising  aUnit  3()0  numbers,  wait  |  **t 

^^^H|  among  whom  were  ( 'abanel,  Carol  us 

Ihiran.  aiui  ! 

•na,  Strambuleavo,    • 

.  who  r«intributt-«l  chiefly 


—The  Pine  Art    Kx  hi  union,  coro« 

•  «W'  "^'ii ! ptures,  was  ODSJBOQ 
i.-tun^ 

l.onlm.  h.  |-<rtr:. 

, 

X. ami  historical  and  qrHrr  putun-* 
Mlaulirr.  Ad.  MeMftl,  L.  v« 


narwM*,— A  loorloat  pirtmt  by  Bot 

:    •        I  :  .    .    V 

J^b^w*tJhoo«ldw>0 


•  A 

Kngluh  .m.t.  ravaiajMl 


\  .    .   .    . 


yottngaod  beautiful 
la*,  in  a  fl.^ittiK'   »- 
falling  hair  crowned  with 


railing  hair  crowned  wHU  laurel  aad  with  a 
shieidatharb* 


ground,  and  graapa  with  her  right  hand  the  hair 
ugh  armed  with  bow  aad 
arrow*.  »ul»nut»  with  an  ilpnaajou  of 

wisdom  of  the  Medici 


..       .,,_,.,    ...    ...-: 

uniting  peace  ami  proaprr 

po*ed  to  hare  been  paint. 

tunica.— Tbe  annual  «  - 
ciety  of  Artiata  lasted  from  J  •  t.  SI. 

The  medal  of  honor  was  award**!  to  " 
The  aatocialion  of  >f 

-    i  •        -....:.-,•        •. 

third  anmm. 

I  :tUhonr.-Thr  Carnegie  library,  th*  mo- 

of  Andr- 
Pit uburg.  opened  .tth  awrupriat* 


on  Nov.  5.  is  a  libranr.  rou*eum.  art  callory.  aad 
music  hall  combined.    The  art 
large  connecting    rooms,  .ith 
apace  and  light,  were  opened  with  a 

from  all  parts  of  the  United 


•• 


»y.  MUM. 

tailfo.  Mauve.  l.rarK  TaUtx-i.  <  amlaa  l%raa\ 
KIIAIIN  Munkacnv.  Landarrr.  and  maai 

,,aa,-Thr'.nnuaJ.  * 
March  -J«i.  ^.mpriaed  SSS 
•H  who  contributed 

morgen  (landacapeok   Toeswujaoraw'ejw. 

Da  Ortowicm.  P.  de  Vfarae,  Bol 

K uni ms,  St.  Sucharda.  r*ran»  Srifcrt*  ete. 

\\  •  .  .      •  -  •   •    . 

lerr,  at  the  corner  •  r»  AVOOJOJO  OJaa 

nrwlyforompaliaa.   Tke 

!.^,,I^t.l.r  SfSSm 

in  S      ,N       -.      V 


I  '•  A       : 

•JM.B   \ .,-.:.  »    KhsalMr* 
Ikmann,  ^Mlailay.  aad  Kail- 


130  on  KSir^n.  b  Keo-Oi«daji  te  atylo.  of  p«rt 
marble  on  a  granite  U^snmL    It   has 

' 
cmllrnr.  iMsUaajt  scsxolmosaa.  and  a  iialMiui 


br  looUuw  hall    The  gallcriea  aiw  lighted  os> 
roof.    Tbe  arcoJtoct  fa  Broo«l 


tirvlv 

l,^-..f  Now  Y-rk. 

ftinmralN  ofe-The  Society  of  ColoBsal 
Wars  r«.|*brat«d  on  June  17  tte  ono  budrod 
and  fiftieth  anniTersmry  of  the  first 


ama,  ..•  :    :  m  r-. 


FLORIDA. 


Pedestal  bearing  t 

uemormte  the  Capture  of 


wripUon: 

• 

ju  D.  1805."    The'shaft  is  sur- 
bya  ball  iiwrib  \  medal 

also  wa*  rtrurk  in  honor  of  the  event,  inn.  1.  from 
MM  HMtal  of  a  bras*  cannon  found  by  divers  m 
Uwwrwrkuf  •   Knneh   frigate.  Mpmd  1..  be 
.  oWwr,"  siu.U  ut  th«-  h.-irlKir.    It  bears  on 
the  obrvffw  beads  of  Sir  William  I  V|.|«  i.-n.  the 
of  the  colonial  land  forces,  and  •  •  f  s  i  r 
rn.lhrc,.-  f  the  fleet.    The 

.  reproduction  of  the  medal  struck  by 
Ixmi*  ..memorate  the  building  of  the 

foctrr-  in  17*X 
A  eoloesal  bronst  equestrian  statue  of 


George  Gordon  Meade,  the  work  of  Mr  II.  mv 
K.  Bosh-Brown,  of  New  York,  for  tl 
*»m*  Monument  Commission,  has  been  tmt  in 
plaoson  the  Gettysburg  battlefield.     It  is  said 
to  be  one  of  the  best  equestriai  m  the 

r,  and  is  pronounced  by  those  who  knew 
to  bV  an  excellent  likeness.  With 
themonun.  .  :.et  hi-h. 

Brooklyn  Memorial  Arch,  in  the  Plaza  at 
the  entrance  of  Prospect  Park,  the  corner  stone 
of  whirh  was  laid  (k-t,  30, 1889,  has  been  com- 
pleted by  the  add  it  ion  of  t  wo  life-size  eque 
bronze  statues  in  bas-relief,  the  work  of  the 
sculptor  William  K.  O'Donovan  and  the  artist 
Thomas  Eakins,  who  has  been  associated  with 
him.  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant,  on  a  strongly  modeled 
horse,  represented  with  poised  fore  leg  as  if  in 
action,  occupies  one  side  of  the  arch,  while  Presi- 
dent Lincoln,  also  mounted,  with  bared  head, 
apparently  bowing  to  the  multitude,  occupies 
the  other.  The  nose  of  both  riders  is  admira- 
ble, and  the  panels  give  a  fitting  tini-h  to  one  of 
the  finest  monuments  in  commemoration  of  those 
who  fought  and  fell  in  the  civil  war.  The  arch 
stands  on  historic  ground,  near  Lookout  Hill. 
when  the  Continental  troops  fought  the  British 
regular*  in  the  Revolution. 

The  Washington  M.-n,o,Jal  Arch,  at  the  lower 
entrance  of  Fifth  Avcnu-  IE.  was  for- 

mally transferred  to  the  city  on  M ;i \    t. 

monument,  a  jrifl  of  tiie  Maryland 
Sooietrof  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  in  mem- 
ory of  Ix.nl  Stirling's  Marylanders,  who  ri 
the  advance  of  the  English  tro. 
was  unveiled  in  Prospect  Park.  Brooklyn,  on 
Aug.  27.    The  monument,  which  stands  on  Ijook- 
II.  overlooking  the  scene  of  the  action,  is 
a  Corinthian  column  89  feet  high,  surmounted 
by  a  bronze  cannon  ball.    It  rests  on  a  i 

te  foundation  and  has  suitable  inscriptions. 


designer  is  Stan f»rd  White. 
FLOE  I  DA.  a  Southern  State,  admitted  to  the 
£n*on  March  8, 1845 :  area.  58,680  square  miles ; 
population,  according  to  each  decennial  < 

*  •£* ««;.  **M&  »n  1850 ;  140.  i 
R.T48  in  1870:  200,488  in  1880;  and 
18W.    Capital.  Tallahassee. 

Hawaweat-Thc  following  were  th. 
ojksf»  during  the  year:  Coven    r     Ib  , 

II :  Serrrury  of  Stale.  John  L.  Crawford ; 
Comptroller.  WillUm   I).  Blozham :  Treasurer, 
.{-•rintendent  of  Publi<-  Instruc- 
v  SheaU:  Conmissioner  <•!  A-ricul- 
U  a  Worobwell;  Attorney-fieneral.  W.  I',. 
Adjutant  General,  Patrick  Houstoun ; 


Chief  .Justice  of   the  Supreme  Cont- 
S.  l.iddon:  Associate  Justices,  U.  l-Ynwi. 

II.  M          :  i  '1.  ik  i.f  tin-  Suj 
.  James  H.  NVhitii.'i.l     all  I ». -m. 

I  i  nances.— Tin-  t..tal  d.-l.t.  April  l.  18U 
$1.232,500,    oompriaina  outstanding  \«\ 

undinf 

..f  is;;;.  ,iue  Jan.  i.  r." 
i-l.r.,i-in-  loan.   $;?(>" 

-.-  fun.U  helii  ^1  ;:,.«;IMI  ,,,  \^;\ 
$490,ii(Hi    i  n. Is.  and    SHMI.IHM.    ,,.   ,),„ 

loan— total,  $7 7-1XM);  leaving  ^:!:i7.7(M»  i,. 
and  $100,000  in  the  loan  in  the  Id 
\iduaN.      Ainoii^'  the  treasury  ncciptx  v;, 
486.06  from  the  fin 
of  which  the  (invcrnor  |>u 
ants,  $303.05  for  securing  data  ft<>; 
ton,  and  $23.75  for  a<l\.  rii-m-.  !•  a 
hand  a  balance  of  $I5,58».i:J. 

V  a  1  nations.— The  assessed  valuations  o^^H 
ble  property  in  1804  were:  Rea 
road  and  telegraph  property,  > 
sonal   property,  *17.-H}».!i  l!»  ;   total,  sKU.l 
Thr  rate  of  assessment  was  about  :'."»  pi  r  • 
actual  values,  and  the  total  assessment  «: 
\va^  the  highest  ever  made. 

BuiikhiiT.-Florida  had    mi   Oct.  :il.  18D 
national  banks  in  operation  and  •',  in  pr 
li«|ui(lation.    The  combined  capital  of  t  IK 
banks  was  $1,485,000;  amount  of  Tinted 
bonds  held  to  sc<  m*  circulation,  $1 
cess  beyond  required  amount.  ^.">s.;  , 
of  coin"  and  coin   cert ilicatcs   1 
notes    issued    for    circulation,    $1.1 
deemed,  $760,432,  outstanding,  $38.V 
its,  $4,430,703 ;  loans  and  discounts, 
reserve  required,  $664,610;  and    reserve  held, 
$002,741.    There  were  also  18  State  I .ank 
-ate  capital  of  $435,500,  depo.it>  ,,; 
688,  surplus  and  profits  of  $74,318,  an  : 
re-ourccs   of    $1,830,750,  and   2  savings  banks 
with  a  combined  capital  of  $170,000;  N 
deposits,  $175,115;  surplus  and  profits,  $0,372; 
and  total  resources,  $420,207. 

Insurance.— In  1805  there  were  :»7  in- 
companies  doing  business  in  th 

i.-   lire  companies.  i:j  life,  and    11    i 
lancous.     During  1804  the-e  <  ompanies  r 
in  premiums  $1,239.058.4:!.  and    paid   1 
the  amount  of  $249,7'.'  •,_-  a  net  1 

in  their  favor  of  $989,263.00.    Kxclinlinjr  : 
pany  which  doe-  both  life  and  accident  bn 
the  life  companies  received  in  premium-. 
741.88,  paid  1-  — «*  of  $65,063.70,  and  had 
balance  of  $522,677.68.     In  >i\ 
of  premiums  over  losses  of  the  life  <  on 
aggregated  $2.iM::.lM.l*.     The  h,r.. 
these  out-of-State  companies  ha\(  led  ton 
tation  for  the  or^ani/at ion  of  local  «>i 
MI  ranee  interests  mav  be  kept  wit  hit, 

I  ducat  Ion.— For  "the  school 
number  of  pupils  enrolled   in   the  - 

ra-e    daily   attendai 
teach- 

i^'e  number  of  days  the 
were   kept.   !»M:   and    expenditures,   ex.. 
pavments  ,,M   debt.  >• 
rol'lment.  .")!>..-,<):$  were  white  pupils   an'. 
colored:  of  the  average  daily  at  ten  dance,  j^^H 
were  white  and  25,386   colored ;    and   of    the 
teachers,  2,151  were  white  and  772  coi 


POOTRAI.L. 


. 


KallrMMfe-On   Dec.  81.   1898.  there    were 

lea  of  single-in*  k   ratln«d   in   th,- 

.g  1894  6  lines  eOMbTwfltoi  an 

f  H5-95  miles,  n  «1  on  Jmi. 

us  roads  showe«l  a  t 

k.  and  nearly  $32.500.000  in  funded 
The  cost  of  the  roads  and  wiuipn 

• 
$4000.000;  and  the  net  earning* 

UsanJbetnrca,— In  the  Aural  year 

$*V4<M.     and    |K'imltie*.    $969.83.      The     same 

•••ial  MI  the  year  ei 

urs  and  3.848 


would  be  grown  from  this 
» being  developed  Ian 
and  there  are  8  fine 

(rowing  the  plant* 

I'    lillral.      I 

«1  law*  and  an 

to  the  laws  governing  trials  for  n 
would  avoid  the  rwult  that  a  convid ion  of  mar- 

i  •     '     '  •    ...  •   •        .......  _,  .  . 

»(e  l»«rd  of  e^waitontCn;  re- 
ferred to  the  legislature  compL 
enforcement  of  laws  for  the  protection  of  the 

ui>derwhaieve?naiiie,made\lolies,witknsnr7 
penalties;  urged  an  amendment  of  the  law 
against  lotlerU  that  will  prrvenlany  from 


•™^»w     ••••••      Mfv  w       *r9f*,^r9*wF    WOl^flWnnJ 

and   had  an  output  of    nl.ln 
,987.895  cigarettes;  and        FOOT II  M  i 


'-.... 
required  to  give 


'  "••T.iwrt  dfnfwUni 
MHHUJT  of  smoking  tobacco.     The 

l«--»   <  '..minimi,  n.  r   ..f    It,!,  nuil  \l-  \< 
sported  the  receipt  .lurnn;  th 

the  sugar  bounty,  aggregating 

u re.— The  principal  crops  of  1894 
..  :.HUTJ  aeres.  :,.•„•  M.OII    bsjeneb, 
:    oats,  54.570   acres.  648JM* 
lue  $898.795;  potatoes,  1.488  acres, 
neb,  value  $95.985;  and  bav. 
tons,  value   $1H4^UO ;   total   •- 

top  of  1894  was  45,- 

knj 

three  years,  but  l..w 
I.      Th.-   «iin-<  t    shipments 
•i  .luring   1894 
quantities  are  known   t<> 
ihip|ied  fr..m  Savannah  and  Bruns- 


.-s  football  km  „ 

tional  pastime  almost  as  important  as  om 
:.-n.»n  «nt,r  has  yet  given  to  the 
have  been  altribwt*. 
to  Englaml  by  the  Duke  of  Welltofton.  and  no 
football  game*  are  recorded  in  the  en  •!  «ar.  aJ- 
though  there  b  more  than  one  account  of  n 
friondlv  mingling  of  the  warring  hosts  to  an- 
rican  pastime,  that  or  a 


tie.  An  Knglbhwntir  has  said  that,  in  reality. 
all  an  AngkvSaion  wants  to  make  him  happy, 
young  or  old,  b  some  kind  of  ball  to  do  tknnji 

t...     Th.-n-   J-   t..    l--tt.-r.-M.!.  i...      ' 


nderful  |-.pula 
In  ti:.-   I  nit..  i   x-.,..,   f.iotball  has  beea  de- 


;     .:  •  -  i,\    r.,;l.  ;il.,i  !!.. 

for  1894  was 


estimated 


prived  of   some  of  those 
make  it  valuable,  because  the 
in  so  strongly  for  it  at  to 
game  a  pmitivrlv  dangerous  one. 

,  football  in  Ik* 

as  bean  the  dinVulitesotrr  th* 
rule*.  nmitlee  of  Ike  li 

all  Association  was  not  * 


whan  Rugby  football  was  totrodueed  to  this 

count  r.  .-:,r.>    .:•«•  here  the  sport  de- 

upon  the  efforta  of  ii|sjisiBt«» 
lives  whose  term  of  oftVe  was  usuall    onl    one 


manufacturing  nn.l 

rinellaneou*  in.lu^tn. -  «.h..w..i  :i  t..t.ii  .  utpul 
^•at  >  ,-,.«! 

W«  saw.  iilaninc  .-U-  mill-.  $5^878.708; 

.     $1.1NW».IMIO:      iit<      fartorie*,     $4<>v 
^186.000;  foundries  nml  i 

an.l    IMifrifs    $ltr.VM«i.      In 

-A  report"  «ntnge  groves 

.  ould  be 

nr ;  but    in  a  match  fpune  was  cnrrbd  into  these  meetings 
I  was  benwred  thnt  the  vicld  would  be  suffl-    and  bam|irred  the  delegatea.     The  famn  ac- 

•.r  rule*  v 

.it    nil    the  trn-s  in   th.-   State 

freeze  of  the  previous  winter. 
were  are  a  great  many  groves  on  t  be  west  coa«»t 
to  W.TV  *,  i,v  the  fn*t.  and  most 

killed  beyond  h.-, 


lives  whose  term  of  oftVe  was  usually  only  one 
year,  and  whose  totem*  showed  a  bins  iliiimd 
rut   u|»n  the  immediate  make-up  of  tkrW  re- 

tune*  arising  over  the  tnierrviaf  ion  of  n  rale 


ngtreea.   Comparativelv  few  grores 

with  watermelon  seed,  a  large  part 
»i  was  distributed  gratuitous 

io  melons,  worth   10  cents  each, 


rather  worse,  when  at  a 
meeting  of  graduates,  captains,  and  sum  bin 
of  the  college  faculties  assembled  to  niasiilar 
the  matter,  it  was  proposed  that  UM  prnv 
ci|wl  hunlen  of  rule  making  b*  transferred  to  a 

Tkb  action 

resolved  itself,  after  much  dhuusikm.  into  the 
*  new  conetfrutior.  '.  thall 

lion,  to  which  it  was  provided  thai  all 
s  in  the  rule*  should  emanate  from  an 
advisory  committee  of  graduates.   Thb 


IN 


FOOTHM  I 


and  propose*  any  changt*.  and  then 
to  th*  regular  convent  i"n.  \\hich 
h*«  al**)'  ratified  them.    A  provision  is  made 
thai  incase  the  convention  does  not  ratify  the 
proposed  alterations, 

f  the  advisorv  committee, 
v  are  dropped.     This  plan  has 

Xpert  football  player*  know  thtit.no  mat- 
ttr  bo«  ««-H  tho  rule*  are  made  and  iai>i 


rir  wcw  depends  largely  upon  the  j.l.. 

apparatus  f<>r  .•«  •  issimple. 

The  field  it  to  be  marked  out  with  ordinarv  lime 
lines,  which  for  college  game*  should  inclose  a 
mot  00  to*  long  by  I6o  •  \vi,,i,-  i...t 

absolutely  neoeamry.  r  i-  «  -u-t.  unary  to  mark 
toe  field  also  with  trmnsrerwc  lines  every  5  yards, 
for  Ibe  benefit  of  the  referee  in  detenu  mi  MI:  the 
llislilliii  lln  1  nil'  •  down.  In 

the  middle  of  the  lines  forming  tin-  ends  of  the 
field,  the  goal  paste  are  erected,  ami  t  h.-y  should 

-.  inche*  apart,  with  the  cross! 
feet  from  the  ground.  The  posts  should  extend 
several  feet  above  the  crossbar.  The  ball  used 
is  a  round  leather  cover  containing  a  rubber  in- 
ner, which  is  inflated  by  in.-an-  of  a  small  air 
numn.  The  regulation  hall  at  present  is  the 
.1.  adopted  by  the 
I"..-  ;•..-  \~  ,,;;.,, 
Football  players*  costumes  are  of  more  mo- 
•nth  those  who  participate  in  the  modern 
contests  than  they  were  when  Tom  Brown 
pUyed  the  game  at  Rugby.  These  costumes 
should  be  of  a  most  serviceable  nature.  A  good 
football  uniform  costs  more  than  any  one  would 
be  willing  to  believe,  looking  at  it  after  an  after- 
noon of  rough  play.  An  innovation  in  this  di- 
rection was  tried  'by  the  Harvard  College  men 
two  years  ago  in  the  form  of  leather  suits. 
Than  are  more  expensive  than  the  kind  ordi- 
narily in  use,  and  on  that  account  an.  little  like- 
ly to  become  popular,  though  they  are  partic- 
ularly light  and  good  for  rainy  weather.  The 
ordinary  player  .-hoiild  wear  a  canvas  jacket. 
This  should  fit  closely,  but  not  too  tightly,  and 
lace  up  in  front.  •*,  t  ,  be  drawn  quite 

tight  Some  have  elastic  pieces  set  in  at  the 
sides,  back,  or  arms  ;  but  these  addit 
no  means  necessary.  The  tr..u--r>  should  he 
Bade  Of  some  Stout  material—  fustian,  for  exam- 
ple —  and  well  padded.  L«.nur  woolen  stockings 
are  worn,  and  not  infrequently  shin  guards  by 
nan  playing  in  the  forward  line,  The  HUM  im- 
E*tmnt  feature  of  the  uniform  is  the  shoes. 
These  may  be  the  ordinary  canvas  and  leather 
baseball  shoes  with  leather  crosspieces  nailed 
on  the  soles  to  prevent  slipping  But  the  best 
ones  are  made  entirely  of  leather.  pr.  r 
kangaroo  skin,  flit  ing  the  foot  fin,, 
fortabiy.  lacing  well  up  on  the  ankle,  and  the 
soles  provided  witn  a  small  leather  spike,  which 
oan  be  renewed  when  worn  down.  Inside  this 

•Me.  and  either  attached  to  the  bottom  of  it  or 

Lf*  f*"fcn«d.  a  thin   leather  anklet  laces 

•  the  foot,  and  is  an  almost  sure  pre- 

tentiw.  of  .ptained  ankles.    The  rap,  which,ex. 

«g*  in  the  oases  of  half  backs  and  backs.does  not 

play  an  important  part,  may  be  of  almost  any 

*ark*r.    Cam  with  visors  to  protect  the  eyes  of 

he  players  in  catching  a  long  kick  are  the 


Almost  any  kind  of  woolen  underwear  may  I* 

.  ;   m    •    p]  ,\ .  n   prefer  knil   jerseys.    rri.i- 

CJIiart.  .lid     sometimes     the     relit'i  ! 

can  with  advantage  do  without   tin 

i- jacket  and  \\car  a  J.TM-\  in  il^  p] 
There  are   -1   distinct  forms  ,',f   f.M>tl»:ill 
have  attained   popularity    <>n   ii..ih 
Atlantic.     They    an-    thi- 
still  flourishes  in  Kmjlami  ami  hereolonii 
American  college   Bailie;  and  the  t  v. 
styles,  th,    , 

the  most  attention   in  Amern-a.      In   the 
and    the  (iaelic   panics   the    maximum   n1 
miiiiiiium  area  of  play  is  much  the  satin 
exponent*  of  these  two  styles  Use  t  he  n.u:. 

while  the  Rugby  players  use  an  oval  i>ai! 

differences  between   th<  (iaelic  and 

games  are   many    and    important.      V 

player,  except  the  goal  keeper,  can  use  his 

in   any    movement    of    the   game.      I'li-i 

Gaelic  rules  the  ball  may  IKJ  struck   with  the 

hand    l»y  any    player.     It"  may   also   i 

when  off  the  ground,  and  the  player  so  c,v 

it  may  kick  it  any  way  he  please-,  imt  im. 

throw  it  or  carry  it    To  appreciate  the  d 

lion  it   is  only  necessary  to  watch  ; 

one  style  experimenting  in  a  mat  eh  un<: 

other  rules.    A  college  recruit  occasionally  find* 

his  way  into  a  Gaelic  game,  and  it  is  interesting 

to  see  him  slowly  nali/.e  that  his  superli  kick- 

iii'_r  is  powerless  against  the  manipulation 

Gaels.    After  a  few  such  experi'-n-  • 

to  use  }i\<  hand<  instinctively,  and  some  f.- 

of  the  game  assert  that  there  is  no  more  deadly 

Gaelic  player  than  a  converted  col 

A  Gael,  on  the  contrary,  is  palpably  out  of  his 

element  in  a  college  game.     He  rushes  Mt  tho 

l>all  with  list  and  foot  alternately,  when. 

referee  relaxes  his  watchfulness.     The  s< 

under  Intercollegiate  rules  is  by  u'oal-  pi; 

simple.     In  the  Qaelk  games,  while  the  t 

an  imfiortant  fa<-tor.  it  is  not  all,  and  ;i 

may  be  scored  when  the  ball  is  dri\- 

goal  line  within  21  feet  of  cither  This 

rule  obliges  the  Gaelic  men  to  cover 

the  end  line  and  accounts  for  the  nece> 

using  morn  men  in  the  game  than  arc  required 

!!,••_'••  match.     The  char-'-  <-n  tin- 
line   become  terrific  when  "time"  "P|>roi^H 
and  the  value  of  the  points  is  enhnn 
the  attacking  f«irward<  must   show  their 
for  if  the  defense  gets  time  to  mass  its 
the  line  becomes  Impregnable. 

Gaelic  football  has  been  played  by  th« 
of  Ireland  for  centuries,  and  is  to-da 
most  popular  sports  in  Ireland:  m.-. 
as  college  games  are  here,  being  sorn<ti 

rly    30,000    people.      The     i 

Gaelic  team  is  composed  of  !•">  players  disi  i 
as  follows:  1  goalkeeper.  2  full  backs. 

.:   .    •••:•-.    '.'    v.  ing   •    :.••:-.  '.'    I'-.rwarJs.  '2 
f'irwards,  and  1  full  forward. 
The  college  game,  which  isamo<! 

.     football,    is    the   standard    game    in   the 

•••s.     On-   of   the   lir.-t    ni'-diii 
of  the  old  I,  country  v 

attempt  to  do  away  v.  !    the   roi. 

of  the   Kn^lish   practices.     A   curioi. 
this  was  that  the  American  jrainc  I 

r    than    its   English    ancestor.   an«: 
was  such  an  opposition  «i  to  it  that  it 


POOTHAI.I. 


^^ft  be  remodel.- 1.  until  now  it  it  lit  tie  enough 

ceton  MM!   Harvard 

»r  mark. « I  a  nrw  ,-ra   in  the  sport 

'.    Tbw  eonteat 
<•  from  the  heavy  maand 

.-,  runnmi?  game,  with  a  great 

1 1 nl  wee  consequently  far  more 
i.  hav*  IH  ^'.     It  .Irmon- 

^^•d  that    f.i-t  liill  ran  I 

una-    to    '  that 

r.-t  in  thr  *port  nii.l 

i--e   that    |wi 

It  to  f.-iir. 

f  nil.-  k-oi    up  for   IHl»:,  ,s  that   ,,f 
•  (    m  MI  i  ttee,  composed  of 

.  Athlrtii    ' 

i  -i..p  to  this  »l yle  of  p 
1   used   was  tin-   rul.-  that    not    more 
thar.  3  men  fbould  rtn-  he  ball  wan  put 

group 

ihem~  h>  -  f<>r  that  purpose  more  than  5  yanU 

ro  the  ball  was  put  in  play. 

•  one,  howeTer.  managed  in  one  way 

ruli-,  and  so  in 

rt  forward 
til  is  put  in  play,  ami  that  IH>I 

\es  back  of  thr 

^^^K  be  at  tli-  ••ruiiiiinL'"-   until   the 

ilee  called  for  an  tn 

mlify 

i  ih.-  ml.--..     In  1895 

the  rule,  as  amende* I  -eton, 

^^•ei  the  officers  of  the  game  shall  > 
^^•t.  a  r«  ft  r.-« .  a  linnunan.  and  an  assistant 
lloasman.    Th.-  nn|« 

•   regard   ia  contain 

.alifv    a    | 
il    of   ihf    ninp:' 
.tit    thr  :i  I-  a«i    :  -hall. 

-.  p.xrrnuitf  thf 
. 

1  that  the  cap- 

:»••  rules  Ui.l  .;.  .in.     Th.rv 

nan  in  thr 

1  ornrll.  an  i  tn^nea. 

Mill  ffive  the  n 

•  •  sidea  loss 
10  choice  ha*  tl» 
H  r>"-  if  i»  noa«hant.. 

may  t-ho. 

•*  opniuientx  in  that  ca*«>  tak> 
-'<v*l  ;  •  wo  teams  thru  linr  up.  the 

'ic  Imll  plann-  it  upon  th 

llo  stand  back  in  their  own  ttrritori   . 


vardt.  until  the  ball  has  been  toothed  w 

mtf  .».,nk,  kv.  beJ   ..•   m   -"    . 

a*  far  as  be  eaa  and  still  h«» .  i.u  forward 

it  and  rrturn  it  by  a  ki.  . 

the  opponent*.   As  anon  as  the  bail  i»  faiHy  bett 

'!...'    •-    I-   '.'.   i      ..:.•:   r  .,.•••_••  .        . 

still- 1 

one  on  his  side,  usually  the  mat. 

back  •  rush,  mast  puce  the  ball  on  the 

ground  at  that  »|*.t  f..r  a  -  -  rimmage,-  .. 

i  he  Ull  i,  thm  put  in  piay  again 
the  men  of  each  team  keep  on  their  own 
side  of  the  ball,  under  the  penaKy  of  a  fowl  f  or 
1)7  the  s^beflkTk&tiaw  the  ball 
or  snapping  it  itai-k.nth.-r  «ith  hb  foot  or.  more 
tn.l.  to  a  plater  of  hit  own 
ftidr  jimt    U-hind  him,  » I...  i»  c-aJlri|   ll 
»«.  k.      Thr   Ull    i.   in   pin 

press  forward  an  MJUH  a*  thr  UJ1  b  put  in  motion 
by  the  snap  back.     Naturally.  a*  the 

quartrr  U.  k  uMially  passes  it  still  farther  bs» 
o  a  half  back  or  ba<  k 

with.  . 


•    .  .-.  f  r,  ,-  :    *i    ,  •  ..      , 

.  all  lawful  mean*  to  rvUrdthat 
adTance  until  their  ronn<  r 

,y.     It  b 

,  :  •:,      r,      :    •.,,•••<•.•.•       .     . 
r     .'..;,.,.       .....•.._..  , 

of  the  handm  bwly.  and  arms  of  law  i  iMltastasjts 
As  soon  as  the  snap  back  ha*  seat  the  hail  be- 

l.iiol  him  h.  i..i-  really  placet  all  the  met. 

and  the  opponents' 

v  stand. 
legal  right  to  run  past  ihem'as  qoirkly  as  poa» 


;f  goal— and  they.  thiteaWi. 


The  game  thus   progresses   in 

rkn-k< 


•  .it  i<  n  heJag  that  of  a  ru> 

....•.•:•;• 
! B      '   '    • 


Tance  or  retreat,  which  would 
fair  to  thr  .(,-  !..:.« v    Thb  rule  provides  that 
in  thr  ."  -  r  att'-n.pt*  to  atlvanre  the 

ball,  a  rdlhe 

oppooenU*  goal  .-r  retreated  10  yards  toward 
own  goal  most  Mirrvnder  the  ball. 

Ib'cwtrh! 


• 

bia  own  »»«t«-  tosjchtetf  It, 
le  ground  at  the  spot  whsrs 
This  entitle!  him  to  a  fre* 


:  ' 

This  can 


her  i 

flv  ai 

plants  hi«  h.i  l  in  the 

kick-that  is.  his 

•          „..,-:.!  .-.'•.        ,' 

t  bis  side  may  retire  swdl  distance  to«ard 
his  own  goal  as  he  sees  fit  and  them  make  a  punt 
or  a  dn»p.  or  give  the  ball  to  some  one  of  his 
o«n  •  xrimmege,  or  to  place  the  beJI 

for  «  place  k .   k.     H.  r.  .  .ifc-.in.  a»  a" 

he  take*  a  free  kirk  he  mu*t  make  an  actuaJ  kirk 

of  at  least  10  yard*,  unless  the  ball  t>  stopped  by 


FOOTHAI.I. 


FRANCK. 


\vn  men  must  be  behind 
he  kick*  it   .T  lie  adjudged  off- 


side,  unless  the  ball  i*  put  in  play  by  a  - 
•MM,  when  the  regular  rules  for  scrimmage 


ball   COet 

line  of  the  field  it  i§  Mid  to  go  "mi.. 
town."  and  n  must  be  at  onoe  brought  l>a.  k  t.. 
the  point  where  it  crated  the  line,  ami  then  put 
in  play  by  tome  member  of  the  side  win.  h  car- 
ried it  out  or  first  secured  possession  «.f  it  aft.-r 
it  went  out  The  method*  of  patting  it  in  play 
fallow:  To  touch  it  in  at  n-ht  angles  to 
the  touch  lino  nn<l  then  kick  it.  or.  in.-1 
monly.walk  int..  t!..-  field  aixl  make  an  ordinary 
•rfSMMfl  ,,f  it.  the  same  as  after  a  down.  In 
thi«  latter  cawthenlayer  «h.»  intends  walking 
in  with  il  miM,  before  stopping  int<»  tin-  ti. LI. 
declare  how  many  paces  h«  will  walk  in.  in  or- 
drr  that  the  opponents  may  know  where  the  ball 
will  I*  put  in  play.  I  It- 'must  walk  in  at  least 
ft  ami  not  more  than  15  yards.  II. •  nm>- 
in  mind  that  the  conditions  are  considerably 
changed  by  the  n-  «  nil.-,  f.-r  n.-w  upon  any  first 
down  when  inside  the  25-yard  line,  if  In-  try  a 
drop  kick  and  fail  to  scon-.  the  ball  can  be 
brought  out,  not  for  a  25-yard-linc  kick-out,  but 
only  a  10-vard  one— that  is  his  >idc  can  line  up 

•ards.80  that  the  defenders  of  the  goal  are 
actually  forced  to  kick  out  from  alm<»t  within 
their  own  •goal.  The  touchdown  itself  will  count 
4  jtointA.  A  goal  kick  from  field  counts  5  points. 
In  placing  the  Utll.it  is  held  in  the  hands  of  the 
it  not  touching  t  ho  Around,  and 
then  can- fully  aimed  until  the  direction  i-  proper. 
Then,  at  a  signal  from  the  kicker  that  it  is  riirht. 
it  is  placed  upon  the  ground,  still  steadied  by 
the  hand  or  finger  of  the  placer,  and  instantly 
kicked  by  the  place  kicker.  The  ball  is  also 
taken  to  the  center  of  the  field  if  the  goal  be 
missed,  although  formerly  the  opponents  could 
then  bring  it  out  only  to  tM  '.J.Vyard  line.  There 
is  one  issue  to  be  considered  at  this  point,  and 
that  K  if  the  ball  In-  in  the  pos^snoii  ,,f  the 
defender*  of  the  goal,  or  if  it  fall  into  their 
hands  when  thus  close  to  tin  ir  own  goal,  a  player 
may  at  any  time  kick,  pass,  or  carry  the  ball 
across  his  own  goal  lin.  .-.ml  there  touch  it  down 
fors«'  t,  while  it  has  caused  two  points 

-  opponent*,  gives  his  side  the  privilege  of 
bringing  the  ball  out  to  the  -j.Vyard  line  and 
then  taking  a  kick-out,  performed  Uka  a  kick-off 
or  any  other  free  kick.  I. ut  it  can  U«  a  drop  kick, 
a  place  kick,  or  a  punt.  This  succession  of  plays 
continues  for  thirty-five  minutes  in  a  regular 
match.  Then  intervene*  a  ten-minute  intermis- 
•*>•,  after  which  the  tide  that  did  not  have  the 
kick-off  at  the  beginning  of  the  match  has  pos- 
session of  the  ball  f..r  t  h,  kick-oil  at  the  second 
thirty-five  minutes. 

An  Intercollegiate  Association  football   team 
of  11  men  is  generally  divided  as  follows:  There 

rusher*,  or  linesmen,  who  stand  in  a  line 
facing  their  7  opponents;  a  quarter  back,  whose 
pbc*  is  just  behind  this  lino;  ',>  half  ba 
wwy»fl»  behind  the  quarter  back;  and  finally 
a  full  b«ck.  or  goal  tend,  whose  place  is  a 
yard*   U-hind   the  half  hack*.    This  giv. 
general  formation,  but  it  is  of  course  dependent 

the  plays  to  be  mad  A. 

The  result  of  «n  Intercollegiate  Association 
match  at  football  is  determined  by  the  number 


of  points  scored  during  the  •„'  halves,  a  go.-. 
a  touch.  i,  wn   yielding  'J    point  in    i  |lt> 

field—  that  ;ti..iii    the   aid    of  a 

down—  r>  point-  ;    a  touchdown    from   \\  I 
goal  is  kicked  gi\inu'  I  p»ints.  and  a  wifi  • 
points  for  the  opponents. 

following  is  a  short    explanation  • 
various  terms  u>  ribing  football  : 

A  ./•  :,:i«le  \>\   IcttiliiT   the    hall    •![•  : 

•i.ls  nii.l  kicking  it  as  it  n-.s  In-m  tin-  . 
\flaotkifk   is  ina.le  liy  ki.-kiu^  tin-  Lull  . 
had  U-en  placed  <>n  tin-  -r.-.m.!. 

,/   i>   niinle   l.y  IrttiiiL'  the   luill    ' 
an.l  kicking  il  IH-JMH-  it  t«.u.-h.-s  • 
'  njf'u  a  place  kick  from  th< 


'   is  n  <lmp  ki«-k  <-r  pla«-e  k'u-k  l>y  a  ]   .I\.T 
"t'  the  M.le  that  ha>    t»ii«-he.l    the    hull    «i 

goal  or  into  who»e  tOOob-ln-goal  the  hull  )iu*«  - 
-  ..ut  ,.t'  lion: 

A/air  \x  puttiiik'  Uie  hall  in  plnv  from  tou 

A/on/  i.s  any  \  illation  of  the  rules. 

At"  il    ma.le    when    the    hull    is    CaniflL 

kiekeil,  or  piiKHcd  ocrouM  the  ^(>al  lines  an<l  tli. 

either  in  £<>u\  «>r  feoaoh-m-goaL 

A  ga/i  1  1/  is  ma«le  \\heti  a  player.  L'iiar«linir  hii»  (foal, 
receives  the  hull  fnun  a  play.  T  "t  hi- 
toiiehes   it  <l«'\Mi    l.ehin.l   hi.s  iroul   line,  or  enrriea  Uk 
hall  aero>.s  his  own  ^oiil  line  an.l  t-.urh.^  it  down,  or 
pute  the  ball  into  his  own  lOtteh-in-gOSL 

A  toti-fi^'K'fc  is   nia-le   when   a    \ 
ball  to  the  (.Toiin.l  l.ehiiul  hi*  own  goul. 
wliieh  s«-nt  the  hull   ueros-s  the   liii> 
i  t'p'iii  an  "pponcnt 

A  fair  catch  i»  u  eateh  ina-le  .lireet   fr««m  a  1, 
one  of  the  opjM.nr-nt>.  pr»\i,le.l  the  eat.  In  r  made  • 
mnrk  with  his  lieel  at 
oafeeh. 

l><t,rffrenct  is  usinir  the  han<U  or  am 
to  obntruct  <>r  h"  •  tin-  hall. 

The  penalty  t'«.r  fouls  und  violation  of  the  rule>,  ex- 
cept otherwise  provi<le<l.  is  a  .low  n  t°>r  tin-  other  SWM 
or.  if  the  side  making  the  f»ul  lia>  not  the  baf^H 
yards  to  the  opjK.n.  m>. 

\frte  kick  in  a  kick  taken  when  the  • 
forbidden  by  rule  to  advunoe  beyond  a 

<'l,:ir<ii/i</\»  ruahing  forward  to  seize  the  hull  or 
tackle  a  player. 

FRANCE,  a  republic  in  western  1 
claimed  on  Sept.  4.  1N?0.  upon  the  deposi1 
the  Emperor  NajM»leon  Ml.  an.l  declan-«l  i 
iient  in  the  Constitution  of  June  !•;. 
President    of  the   republic   i>  elected    for  seven 

l>y  an  al^olute   majority  of  t 
Assembly,  united   in   Congress.    Tr 

Assembly  OOnsistfl  "f  a  Seimti-  and  a  <  'hai 

Deputies'.     The  S-nate  has  3()0   m< 

third  f)f  whom   aro  renewed  e.  \.ar-. 

the  term  bcinir  nine  year-..     They  ar- 

commi--ion-    in    the    several    depai 

col,.nie^.     There  were  formerly  7."i   In 

elected  by  the  National  Assembly,  bul  th 

ber  was  'reduced    by   death   t«. 

seats  as  they  fall  vacant  bein^  fillci 

by  election*  in  the  ordinary  manner. 

of  whom   th.-n 

each  "  '    forming  an  eli 

r  Iwing  divided  int- 

"MI    in    population.     A    hill    introduced  i 
either  chamber  by  the  Government  or  t»y  | 
meniU-r-   is  referred   to  it-  appropi 
for  examination,  and  aft<-rward  toucomi- 
r>f    parliamentary   initiative.     All    mon< 
mii-t  l»e  intHxIuc'ed  in  the  Charnbr-r  of  !>' 
The   President  of    the  republic   i 


KUAN.  i:. 


. 


who  resigned. 

'l«-r  at  the 

'  I     tiiavf      ff*    t\t     I'lifc    ll  *      Vt       f*hl    Ii        i  'I   s*a»l*^ 

DnpeV;   M.. .i-».  r   ..f    i  utai  •     M.   i1  ;.-.   .- 

liri.     Mercl.  r        M    !.'.'.?     M  ir  :'..<  .    I   .  ..x    I   .1 ....    . 

Vgri- 
•J88  aooare  milea.    The  legal  popnlaiion 


i»f  lli.- 

ualc*  AIM) 


m.owj;   of   workmen, 

-i.  i   uoinrii.  rhildren.  etcn 

dent  II-.M  agri- 


IIJ-.M  a 
iw,u:.;  ma 


upon 
on  the/  pro* 


The  nutntx-r  *  >f  nut  rnni?o«  in  1808  wat  887.894; 

• 

••'•  to  th.-   Argentine   K.-|.uM; 

rtl.    at..  I    489   to 

ii  of  the  i 

UlKSOUll  :   T.>ii|..Ute,  140,791  :  St.      tienne, 
l«.44 

Arm  jr.—  The  French  army  w  organiied 

-h.nnl    u,f«ntry 
s80  Utt  .lions 

Lilleurm,  8  regimenU 

rorriK'nl.-k'i"i»..it.,i  :,i.«t?al.  ..t,-.  ..f  Aljwmfl  ttfhl 

ivnlry—  1,'J  re^menU  of  ruiraMMni 

olclrm*:  human.  6of 

18  baiUlkmi  of  lortrem  artillenr.  4 
mount.  oountain  batterie*  in 

and  Coraicm,  8  pcuii.-.:  N  and 

pani.^.  ,f  and  8  of  artifloenu 

sappere  and  minen 
f  railroad  aapperm    Train  —  *.H) 
ra. 

»rmr.  de- 

ho«i>it«l  or  on 

.*h.  was  884.768  offioen  and  men.    The 

- 

f   tramc.1 
men  available  b  beliered  to  be  :L500.000. 


f-r 
aitd 
men.     The  Mrength  and  dMtritmiton  of  Thi 


The  Nary.— The  effect  ire  navy  in  I8N  «a* 

Twenty-wren  armor*!*!   Uiile> 

.-.•ra!  IU,.  'tiiral  Ihipefii.* 

station."  -  Formidable.**  ^Cba*> 

Mafrnu.»-lUr* 


m«« 

VaJr  air*     .\Urtci."    and    "JaijCl 


r.  ?  armored  ember*  r 
,"  "  Ij»  (talbeonnw -r 
Turenn.-.""  Vauban,"and 


"Fulminant."  "  Funrux. 

ntte."  -  Tonnrrrr."  -  T«.nnant ."  and  "  Yeafrar  *); 

H  armorr«l  tnjnli,«t.  <~  Fu-V."  "  FUn.rtu .      - 
nade/ ~  AcWron 

-  I Jltouche.Trr^ 

and  MblyM);  10  eeeond.  and  88  third- 
clans  crubera;  8  torpedo  oraiein;  7  inl-  and 
6  eeoond-dnm  avboa;  18  avbo  tranepnr 
torpedo  arbot;  18  gvaboaU; 
boats;  18  fteam  launches:  81 

M   |J»V     -I 


torpedo  boat*;  8  torpedo  redHt«;  I  ieat  Ma> 
port:  and  7  flm-,  fteeeoniK  and  •  tnn^dae* 
transport*.  The  whole  flevt  of  444  vernefe  had 


on  Sepl,  81,  «a» 

r.rw  wai 


r.r 

boat,  the  -  Fnrban.-  made  81 
tnp  in  September.  A 
launrhc.1  at  Toulon  on  Sept.  88.  earrira  4  164- 
centimetre  gun*,  with  88  amalbr  one*,  and  8 
torpedo  lube*.  In  the  new  ahipe  preferenot  ii 
gK  i  ;  .•  m  ' 


FHA  N 


ss»Uv  worked  and  ftmi  with  rapidity.    New  ex. 
ploWVs*  •!»  now  ossd  in  ihr  n 

;,  -        .  ,.>  \  .         '   ;,  ,,-.,t,,,,,.iiv, 

.         • 

' 


. 

,  .  ••      |0   '   BMI    tfM 

*i«h  a 


.   thrrr  have  disappeared   fn-i- 
ox  37  vessels  thai  cost 
while    81    vessels,  costing    :. 

been  added,  though  tome  of  these 
,  perns*  of  construction.    The  ex- 

^-.a*  increased  from  41.- 
anos (bdnff IT*  per  cent,  of  the  total 
1801  loMJSIJOO  francs  (whi<  h  is 

-"" 

Finance*,  "f  the  t.-tal  revenue  of  the  Gov- 
ernment aUuit  16  per  cent  is  derived  fn-m  di- 
rt* t  contributions,  68  per  oent.  from  indirect 
IMS*  and  21  per  crnt.  from  m mi o,M>lies.  posts, 
and  telegraphs,  ami  domain-*  and  forests.  |  he 
direct  imposts  ir  •'  Innd  and  I'u; 

m posed  in  1895  on  dwellings  proportioned 
in  house  rent,  n 

on  bones  and  carriages  and  <>n  hicydes.  a  mili- 
tary lax.  a  tax  on  property  held  in  mortmain, 
a  t  rede-license  tax.  mining  royalties,  etc.  The 

*\  indinft  taxes  an?  customs,  registra- 
tion does  for  transfers  of  property, obligations, 
etc^stamp*.  and  the  excise  dutv  on  suirar.  The 
bodget  esthnv.,  f.,r  1895  make  the  total  ordi- 
nary  revenue  8^87^08.1  ?2  francs (1  franc  =  l»-3 
cento),  of  which  580,699,467  an  .lire,  t  Uxes, 
1050.518.680  francs  indirect  Uxes,  n 
MO  francs  the  revenue  from  monopolies  and 
state  prop* :  r.-« -ejpts  from  the  various 

sources  were  estimated  as  follow:    Laud   tax. 

0.025  francs:  tax  on  building.  H* - 
francs ;  Ux  on  habitation  788  francs ; 

lax  on  servants,  19,188,*^  :    trade   li- 

i,   124.119.193   francs;   jn  >  rti**e- 

1.050^50   francs;  tn\  riages   and 

francs ;  registration,  530. 11''.- 


800  francs ;  stamps,  168,828,500  francs ; 
478.655.195  francs;  tax  on  movables,  66.,' 
francs;   sn.  199.000,000  fraixs;    other 

\ <«.600^97,800  francs;  tobacco  rtqie, 
:7.TOO  francs;  matches  and  gunpowder, 
89.118.600  francs:  post  office,  telegraphs,  and 
telephones,  209.588,300  francs:  domains  and 
forests.  44.787.286  francs-,  other  state  property. 
<I6O  francs.  Various  extraordinary  reve- 
nues amounted  to  58,550.892  francs,  receipts 
from  exceptional  sources  to  29.669.402  f 
tbe  rseeftss  <fon/rf.  win  h  an-  simply  transfers 
in  bookkeeping,  to  7MI7.IK4  franc's,  and  the 
ItasJyU  fa  Algeria  to  j- .-.".n  .i:,o  francs,  making 
the  total  revenue  8,489.0  :  i ..  .::-.•  francs. 

TV  total  expen.liture  for  1895  was  estimated 

at  H.429^89.762  fram-s.    Tin  expenditure^  under 

i  various  heads  were  as  follow  :  I'ul.lic  debt. 

'•'•    fr»nc»:     I»n-sident.    Senate,    and 

.1.720    fran..:     Minis, rv    ,,f    Kj. 

nance.  19J97JM8  francn;   Mintstrv  ,.f  .1 

:  Mini»»ry  of    i 

V40MOO  francs:  Ministry  of  ih-    Interi. 
8*144  francs:  Minintrv'of  \\ 
francs  for  .Binary,  and  40.«2:i.«»o7  fran.  s   for 
-r  puqr^H,:    MinUtrv  of    Marine, 
francs:  Ministry  of  Education  and 
Worship.   192.986^40    francs   for    i 

francs  far  fine  arts,  and    H.I ; 


francs  for  worship:   Ministry  of  Cnnimci 
d  ustry,  Posts,  and  Telegraphs,!  i>(  »iK);;,i 

Ministry  of  tl..-C..loni,-s..si.^^'.M  |::  ! 

>f  Agrioalture,  :  frani     :    MiniMrv 

\V,,rks.  3::.. 
lec-ii..n  <.f  laxi- 
ineiits.  , •;, -..  :;j.l  KIMMI    fram-s 
sr.»  f,.. 

The  pnldic  drill  in  1^08  was  compu: 
aiiniiiiit  to  th,.  ,-apilal  sum  of  JMM'.ll.i; 
francs,  l-'or  the  la>t  ten  years  the  incrc:i 

been  slow  compared  with  the  \ 

\p.-ns,.s  i.f  the  drM    for   isii.'i 
of  which  6»::.;«;s,>i 

for  (he  rollsoliilatrd  drl.t. 

interest  on,  and  04,OJHi.r,i:»  fra: 
lion    of    the    rrdermaltle    ileht.  ami 
francs  on  account  of  th<-  floating  debt. 

rommerce   .nut    rnxluct  ion.— Tin    _ 
con.meree    in    1HW   ainoiinted    to    ! 
francs  for  imports  ami  4,826,000,000  fi HI 
.•\ports.     The  total  value  of  the  s|,,.«-ial   imports 
was  8,854,000,000   fran.-.  in    which    -inn 
000,000  francs  represent    alimentary  -nl--' 
2,239,000,000  francs  raw  materials,  ai 

manufacture-: 
value  of  the  special  or  domestic    expor 

'HlO.OOO  francs,  of  which  7ln.no. 
stand     for    alimentary    Milista: 
francs    for     raw     materials,    and     1 
francs   for  maiinfaeturcd    products.     Th- 
articles  of  import  and  their  values  \ 
325,00(  ».0(  »0  fran 

'•.1,(KK).IHM)  francs:  oil   see 
000    francs;    raw    cotton,   184,000,000    I 
wine,     188,000,000    francs;    coal.     K.I 
francs;   coffee,   146,000.000    fran.-:    »k\< 
furs,    146.000,000    francs;    timber.     124.0 
francs;  flax,  70,000,000  francs;  ore- 
francs:  ragar, 58,000,000 francs;  machine' 
000,000  francs:    chemical    products.   .>4." 
fr.in.-s;    sjjk    t:«..«ls.    :,I.MMM. frai 

.  r,(i.ou(».i  KM  i  franes;  !Mi.  .15.(MMM"Mi  r 
cattle.   .l'J.O(HM«K»    francs;    tal.l- 
000  francs :  ::{,000,000  fran. 

ton  yarn,  18,000,(M>o  f 

Thevaliit-s  of  the  larires-t  exports  v,. 
en    cloth.    •.'  -.   3» 

000,000  fraii'-s;    win.-.  I^HUMMMHI  f,- 
articles    154  inen    cl.,ti. 

yarn,   131.000,000  francs;   raw   silk   am! 
126,000.000  francs:  raw  wool  and  w. 

•o.OOO   francs:    cotton    cloth.    101,0 
francs:    apparel.    110.000,000    francs:    copjpv 
manufactures.    m.fKMUHNi    fram-:   I. 
(MHMKM)  fran<-:  leath- 
hutt.-r  and  cheese,  81.000,000  francs;  U> 

hardware.  70.(KK>.OOO  frarx-s;  animaN.  '-- Ml 

francs;  skins  and  furs,  62,000.000  f 
">6,000,000  francs;  chemical    pi 
IHMf.OOO   franc,;  tal.le    fn. 
novel-  i.iKMl   fran- 

.;:MOI»,(HM»  fr;r 

The  crop,,r  wheat  in  18fl 

ihels;  of  i 

(KK>   he.-tol;'  -    ;.i»(Kl.O(MI    1  -uirar 

"KK»f,uintals:  of  win- 
tolitn-.ot-  I.ini.-.  Ions.    The  inn 

wine-  M2  hec- 

tolitres.   The  area  of  vineyards  dc-cn .-a-ed  from 


KUAN.  I 


I.799JM6  in  I 

••M.  and  then 

,1     in    IK.4      Tin 

1HU8  was  9.1*7.1  |o  kil- 

-•  were  XftXKM  kiU^rnminea  ex- 

Th*   firmlm  I    of  i  <>al    in    IMIT*  wafl  M.11IL. 


809.    andlMMOO 


in  1*8,  in 


ICIJI 

.  •      I 


M  ••"•   wm  NjOOQ 
commerce  or  the  sea 

it     t"l  •••IH-h 

M,  of  0.761,997 
e  were  eiitm-«l   unh 
tt799(6WtonM,  and  in 
1.639.087  tons,    and 
9  vessels,  of  l  ; 


•  ••    coat    of 

•i  there*** 

P»*rt  i  in  1809  was  886 

o*MK»frat,  vpenses  Ofla: 

TW  railnwi  i 

i  an-  tin-  pi 
th  <>n  Jan.  1 

aw  mil.-*,  wi'ii   i'.* 

«*•»   |.:.:>.sss.  .  ,    .. 


1,'  • 


•  •  •  -. 

-  r    •  . 
...    Ill 


nrof 


•••• 

• 


Prance  and 

1.  r,-.! 

antl  2.075.- 


Tbt  rscaipts  te  Rmnr.  alone  wrrs 
franea, 


mmnlss,  eU».    The  rseslptain  Kran«Y 

n,  ,,.-,„ -    '- 


lary  session  was  opened  on  Jai 

I:-     ^    •     •       .,-,        ,         f   «        i..,      .  -    ,       , 
•  •in!l»t-    »Ji..  *»a-  BSMlSjd  pnsjdrt         '..,,.     , 
"*.   19.   1WM.  af- 

many  ModatBlM  •bstaininff.    This  was 

,»!..*    r,  '.,.'       '•.!•.;       »    •     k  •     /     . 

[>  financial  scandals.    The  Chamber  n>. 
fu»rd  Ihr  d. ma 

erati...  '-Uichanl.  «h<.   »,» 

sleeted  to  a  seat  by  the  arti«an  constiluenry  of 
ti  «  hile  be  wns  arrriny  ont  a  sentence  for 
ii,-.»!tink-  the  President  of  r 
IMIJIIT  artidr.     The  Sorrklists  attacked  the  Gov- 
iriiinnit    with   »uoh   ferocitv   that   Jaures  and 

.Ms  and  Moderate  Refr^" 
the  Panama  and  other  in* 
republic  should  be  discredit 


•ooffdhl  mmiMlM»«r 

(«  and  IU 

b.    A  Mfafal  itifirfM 


made  ta  180  by  M.  Kaynal.  Mio- 

..-..    .   '     i-     •  'A      •  •          .    ,  •        '     '         - 

1  ......  .   .       .     .    .  ...       .          /   •     .     .       .. 

auspicious  and  BMMMBtOM  arts  in  tbi»  financial 

Inir^l  of  mak- 

ing arrmogcroeota  to  talce  orer  thr  nilroa<i*  a* 

tli.-  pr"|-rtv  ,,f  the  »tat<>  iifwn  UM»  lapav  of  tbrtr 

ctiarti  p>.  tin-  <J..x,  ri.meot  rrnrwed  al  that  lime 

iU  contract*  with  the 

that    thi-y   nhouM   build 

local  linen  and  aU 

th  the  Orieans  and  Midi 

mittrd  to  fix  a  period  for  the  tcm»|. 

.irmntrr  of  ii.trr^i.    TW  C«M». 

H»W  derided  thai  the 

these  particular  com^ianiea  m 
fnintfi.  nixl  which  nu^ht  coat 


jcreirate.  wmild  n.»t  rraw  in  1914.  b«t  will 

mination  of  the  new  eoolrarU. 

M    lunh.-.,.  th«  Minlstoror 

1'iiMir  Worka,  who  UK>«. 

in  lav.  n-v. 

accept  nl  it  an  Hnal.     < 

rnti.l  thr  i  hamlier  dedded.  on  Jan  11.  thai  Kay. 

naf*  r..i..lu-  1  0...uM  be  InvrstipataiL    An  order 

0-,-rmt  •..«..(  |  hrj»d*risJ 

:re  powm  was  ufcml  for  the  vindi- 

vernmenL  and  wnen  a  rnontrr* 


of  I* 


mark  for  • 
and 
thr  duvoavkm  of  llM 

.«  having  bsen 
'    acreplinir  the 
Cabinet  he  i^nigned  his  own  ooVe  on  Jar. 

!  .          .........  ,..-..-. 

nnan  saa  bvtke  NatkMMl  AaManbl  r     I 


• 


If  a  man  dors  not  rsluw  a  port  »t  t  )..- 
hte  dignlvW 


,-          •      V,     -.-.          »,;,.-  .| 

than  twenty  yean 

• 
either  to  con\ii 

•u\  |«>litieal 

the  iti-:rum.  tit 
-i.thn  a 

and  injMilt  ha*  been  v 
thetnaffUraev.  Parliament,  .ml  the 

•     v         .-.,         ..-.   .     ,,    ,.     ,:..,,!*     ..f 

to  be  styled  lib- 


vcd ,  of  means  of  ac- 
Ihe  con* 
which 


fairs,  O.  Han  otaux  ;  Mini-t.  -r  ..f  .In-1 

l.ii.l.^  '    I'ul'lic   lii»inic- 


•nd  the  ambition  which 
me  to  admit 


•         ;          -.   •     •     '    :.!.  I 

my  country  d. 
-.•  wmntryV  baet  servants  and  he  who  r.-i.n- 
ssnts  Kin  the  eyes  of  the  fbreigner  may  be  insoltsd 
I  will  nnt  consent  to  bear  the  we  .  I,  t  of  the 
me  in  the  condition 


understood  when  1  affirm  that 
can  not  silence  the  dictates  of 

Perhaps  in  resign ii. 

I  shall  have  marked  out  the  duty  rflhoM 
who  are  mindful  of  the  dignity  of  power  and  <  t  tl,. 
Itood  name  of  France  in  the  world.  Invariably  true. 
lo  myself,  1  remain  convinced  that  reform*  will  U- 
only  with  the  active  co-operation  of  a  (iov- 
resolved  on  insuring  respect  for  the  law,  on 
f  obedience  from  it*  subordinates,  and  on 
rallying  thorn  all  in  common  action  for  a  common 
work.  1  have  faith,  notwithstanding  the  sadness  of 
this  hour,  in  a  future  pi  ogress  and  social  justice. 

The  Congrats  for  the  election  of  a  new  Presi- 
•vas  held  on  Jan.  17.  M.  Waldeck- Rousseau 
was  the  pub]  i.-  choice  of  the  Moderate  Republic- 
an*, but  on  the  first  ballot  he  received  only  185 
vote*,  while  Felix  Faure,  who  had  been  proposed 
a  week  before  as  a  competitor  of  Brisson  for 
the  presidency  of  the  Chamber,  got  244  votes, 
an<l  Henri  Brisson  888.  On  the  second  ballot, 
WaMeck- Rousseau  withdrawing.  M.  Faure  was 
elected  by  488  votes,  against  868  given  to  M. 
BHsson.  The  President-elect  accepted  the  office 
with  a  speech  in  which  he  said : 

I  oaase  from  now  to  belong  to  a  party,  in  order  to 
become  the  arbiter  of  all  parties.  It  is  in  this  spirit 
that  without  distinction  of  the  various  shades  of  Re- 
publican opinion  I  appeal  for  aid  to  all  the  represen- 
tatives of  the  country.  We  shall  always  meet  on 


nniM ground  in  any  work  inspired  by  love  of 

country,  devotion  to  the  republic,  a  Mi.-.-. 

and  sottetode  for  the  lot  of  all  our  fellow-citizens, 
socially  the  lowly  and  humble. 

The  Rltot  •  Intfttry.— Leon  Bourgeois,  the 
chief  Radical  exponent  of  the  policy  of  Repub- 
••••eoaeent ration,  wan  intni-t«-d  with  the  task 
m  ttrm ing  a  ministry.  He  sought  the  co-opera- 
tion of  M.  Poincare  and  other  Moderates;  but 
U»  pnig rueiive  income  tax,  whirh  with  a  gen- 
eral amiMrty  formed  his  programme,  proved  a 
mt>tt»f4*>ek.  On  Jan.  fc  the  President 
to  M.  Ribot,  who  on  Jan.  27  completed 
eontalning  some  Moderate  RaVlicals 
liltle  in  general  political  oast  from 
inet,  It  was  oompoeed  as  follows: 
Ptaafcltnt  of  the  Council  and  Minister  of  Finance, 
Alttandre  K.  ux  Riboi;  Minister  of  th,  h,t. 
rior,  Georges  Uygoes;  Minister  of  Foreign  Af- 


.•id  .-f  \V«.rshi|i.  U.    IN.iiic.-nv  :   Mini-- 
('..inn  :!«'•     Lelion  :    Mini*!. 

cultm  .nid  :   M  iui-trr  cf  1  1 

Kinili-  Chiiiiirnii.x;   Mini-t.-r  ««f   Public   \l 
^l.    i>u|.ii\-l>ut.-ni|.s  ;     Mini-i.-r    ..f    \\  ;n 
Zuriinden;   Minister  of  Mann..  \  'i.  .  ••  \dmmil 
Beannnl. 

In   his  message  to  th<    (  IM 
l-'aurc.  sjM'nkin^  of  himself  as  u  reprcsn. 
«»f    the    indiislriiiiis   democracy    \\hom   tl. 
tional    As.scml.lv    had   d.-vatcd    as   a   tril- 
(]iiict    labor  that    i-  constantly  ti 
.somethinj:    for   the    greatnesi   • 
fatherland,  vaunted   the   j.erf.ri    calm   and   un- 
shaken confidence  that  marked  the  Hau-i 
of  powers,   demonstrating   again    that     I 
feels  herself  mistn-ss  of  her  destinies  un.i 
protection  of    republican     lau 
himself  to  watch  vigilantlv  the  obsenrai 
the  constitutional  la.'  to  the    r, 

and  loyal  working  of  the  parliamen: 
and  spoke  of  the  p-neral  1a-k  of  tin-  Legislature 
and  the  immediate  programme  of  the  C> 
ment  as  follows  : 

France  does  not  confuse  barren  (imitation  \\itti  the 
incessant  pursuit  of  progress.    Strong  in  In  r  ; 
pr»ud  of  lu-r  thrift,  accessible  to  every  ^ 
^h.   is  a  »lave  of  no  preconcciv«l  theory,  hut 

M   all   tla    trn-at    jirolileins    which    thr 
the  world  nr  the  att<-nti»n  «.f  i 

To  seek  .snlnti.iMs  of  these  problems  »<> 
them  to  the  national  genius,  to  our  tra-; 
habits  and  customs,  is   the  essential   \\»rk  that  we 
have  to  pursue.     All  men  of  good  will  will  m, 
single  idea  of  conciliation.   paeiti<-ati<>n.   an  . 

in  order  to  secure  by  p-m-nd   eoiu-ord  and 
republican  fraternity  the  continuous  .1.  v»l..]i 
material  and  moral  wcll-bein^r.     Conti-mplatii.. 
a  just  pride  her  army  and  navy,  sutlii-n  ntly  v 
have  a  right  to  proclaim  her  love  of  peace.  ha\  '.  • 
svmpathies  whu-h  an-  pree'n.us  t««  lier  an-1   to 
she  remains  faithfully   atta--h«-.l.   Fran-  ,  .  in   a  fresh 
effort  toward  progress,  is  preparing  to  invite  the  na- 
tions to  a  great  festival  of  labor,  which    wil 
worthy  crown  to  the  century  which  i>  al-.ut  ;• 
In  literature,  art,  and  science,  in  imlu-tr 
and  agriculture,  everywhere  i*  di.sphiyed  the  fruit- 
ful activity  of  the  country.     In  the  eon,: 
universal  MUtfrage,  as  in  the  political  world,  i! 
ardor  must  unite  all  who  have  at  heart  the  1 
the  French  name.    It  is  to  this  uni»n.  t«.  t). 
u.  "M  (  tlort  for  the  power  and  glory  of  the  J^^H 
n-public,  that  I  invite  you,  certain  that  I  ; 
mouthpiece  of  our  entire  democracy. 

Legislation.—  The  first  bill  presc 
Government  was  one  granting  amn 
persons  under  sentence  for  violatii; 
laws  and  laws  of  public  meeting  and  asso< 
or  for  crimes  against  public  security,  el. 
••s,  or    offenses    connected    with    si 
This  bill,  which  the  Chamber  had  rejected  while 
insultersof  President  Casimir-IV-rier  w.-re  U-ing 
frequently  convicted,  was  now  passed  with  only 
7  contrary  votes  and  went  through  the 
without    opposition.    The,  Abbe"  Lei 
the   opportunity  to   request    tl. 
their  Stipends  to  priests  who  had   ineurr. 
ciplinary  measures  for  political  indiscreti 
which  the  Chamber  ajgnedL 

To  satisfy  the  Radical  allies  of  the  Govern- 
ment. who  carried  a  resolution  in  favor  of  im- 
posing a  part  of  the  new  taxes  upon  religious 


•porslinn*,  a  Uw  was  enaHed  ,  •  16 

•  - 

„*;,    00agreg»tk>0l        I    DMltfc  ,:-.    !     r.      _•       .  . 

'  subected  t<*  - 


'-• 

i  •  • 

a.!,- 
•  •Ill- 

.•• 


II  I 

SU- 


an   ex-minbter  thai    had 


in  it*. 


*  Keinnrh.  whu 
«*.  Mild  to  have  nsed  Ulljuuo  franc,  of  the 


,i!-l  iiml    dial  <>f  Mir 
o  resiffin -I  A  profrvM»p«hip  in 
IH  a  legislator. 

in  military 

lt*  \  UM. I  tluiH 

A  law 

•ii  who  I  nut  not  com  - 
in  the  «rm\ 

li-r  Minilitr  <-ir- 
1 

reserve  and  not  deprived 
WM  prcpaml  bj  the  Minis- 
itt  allows  person*  emploj 

»  of  the  state  to 
n-iw  all  ti 

>rees  of  arsenals  and  state  railroads. 
.  being  exempt  from  military  service. 


nave      e  same  rigs  to  iiii 

>nes.    Thev  urg«d  in  sum-  rt  of  th,- 
Climate 

'to  total  iiiiniU  r. 
-i,f.    in    IST-J.     A    proposal  of 


OOOsent  of  f^rnml|i«r> 

:it,, 


t,  to  simplify 


consent  of  parents  when  the  l»n.i.  - 

n  ..1.1  an.l  th, 
«  was  lost  by  806  votes  to  888. 

U  the 

i  vestigate  Kay  nal  was 

piir|M».<> .  •  juiry. 

•nist  was  placed  on  the  onm- 

was   questioned    on 
South- 

\  said  th.'rv  would  l»c  no  prose- 
raicr  Kouvior  and  Jules  Roche, 
xxxv.— 90  A 


that  they  had  • 
•    -  v 

-  iiMuniii.- 
against  financial  scandals  before  statutory  limi* 

'<Mild  be  pleaded  was  carried  ., 
joottoo  of  a  vote  of  eenotre  by 
-r*  given  aga 
thm  legislator*  ought  to  hold  aloof  from 

Martin,  maua^r.  and  '.' 
appn.prialuiK    ' 


.. 

a  resoEstleii 


hVtiator  F>lm«tHl  llaftiier. 

b^vQ0OI0oi^    WW  WBO  vQHp^ 


initial  r 

->  fran.^  but  he  et 


ulrtwd  ofHcials  were  ultimalrly  «,-,, 
Senator    Magnirr  aftrnvanl  retarned.  Mirrro- 

hiniM-lf.  and  warned  and  « 


•afttnr  in  the  vnmr  another  scandal  affecting 

I'.ii      ,•....-       .•.      .-       •  •          v 

numl. 

•f  the 

Oamille  Dreffue,anex- 

-  senleaeed  to 
nnmcnt  for  unr  or  two  yrarv 
bribes  from  bookmakers  by  threnuning  to  bring 

bfjsJnnm 

councifof  the  Legion  of  Honor  resigned 
B  the  Chamber  of  Depnties  on  J 
a  unanimous  resolution  blaming  them  for 

|,i^;n-  mo      •'   •    v  ... 

courts.    The  occasion  of  the  censure  was  that 
they  had  not  stricken  the  name  of  M.  RUM  from 

• 

avlsnnpi  i  '• i>    '•    •  '  •  :^ 

mdatiom  were  approved 

tn  int.  niatiooal  Irmly  of  arbi- 
t  rat. o,,  with  t  h,-  I  n;t.-,l  States  was  jaieVil  by  the 
Chamber  almost  unanimously. 
il  was  passed  giving  to 
Hwredini 

of  300  f  mn. -  f n -ra  the  age  of  sewnly. 

Minister  of  War  imposed  to  reJeethetotnl 
res  of  the  armv  tonfcyOOOmea  and  restore 
inimuro  fixed  Dy  the  law  of  187ft,  nmmdv. 
lMforacom|iany.l»lbrasnii«drofi.and  &* 
for  a  battenr.    The  treat  inn  of  n  colonial  army 
ha*  met  with  approval  and  to  prepare  for  it  the 


•    .    .      • 
A.  the 

a 


strength  as  that  of  Germany. 
~  '    *G 

ly  anil  seotebcrd 


of  the  affair  of  Cap- 
I  from  the  army  and  i 


!  i:  XXCK. 


i.,  tnuwportalion  for  rwalmc  m.liiary  secrete 
rrign  govrniment.  n  l>ill  on  t  rcason-espio- 
i-UI  •  Mjieeiiul  in  '  11;  *"  ""'  '  debate.  It 
mlaUiihes  the  penalty  of  death  for  the  trcason- 
•bit  leTesitfrm  of  plan*.  d.-eiimeiiK  ,,r  in! 
lioQ  relating  to  th'd.f-  n-  •.  ,,f  tin-  count  r. 

or  its  security  against  extern  , 
«-f  from  three  m.-nth-'  • 

t'nt.  with  a  tin*   ami  loss  of  «-i\  il 
rifhte,  were  enacted  f.-r  i-enwnswho  for  j.-unml- 
r  other  professional  purposes  obtain  pps- 
aeavkMi  of  or  publish  such  papers,  plan?,  <>r  m- 
f  -     i>.    -.. 

The  annvirfimat  ware  increased  in  the) 
of  IHM  bv  11.000.000  francs,  and  the  navy  ex- 
penditure by  1.000,000  francs.    Tin  milit  . 
prndr  colonies  has  nearly  trebled  in 

..,.-  ,  .  th     t..    TonqOla    an.!    the 

SoocUn.  It  is  now  00,000.000  fran.  -s  while  the 
-•  ments  for  civil  expenses  were  estimated  at 
•  .....  frni  SOBWUohl  MTin*  Of  8^)004  ..... 
franc*  was  proposed  by  th.-  Budget  Committee. 
Out  of  a  total  expenditur 


1796,000 


re  of  8,448,000,000  francs 
ncs  do  not  admit  of  retrench- 


.... absorbed  by  interest  on  the  debt, 
cost  of  collecting  taxes,  and  the  army  and  navy. 
Of  the  remaining  050.000,000  francs  105,000,000 
francs  are  required  for  education  and  181,000,- 
000  franc*  for  public  works.  M.  Ribot  saw  no 

nchmcnt   except   by  reducing  the 

civil  service,  which  could  not  be  done  in  a  hurry. 
The  budget  for  1896  Introduced  new  taxes  to 
provide  86.000.000  francs.  Differential  or  pro- 
gressive succession  duties  were  expected  to  vie  1.1 
•boat  25.000.000  francs ;  a  progressive  duty  on 
•ones  and  carriages  to  give  1.000,000  francs;  an 
increase  from  1|  to  2  per  cent,  in  the  stamp  duty 
on  foreign  companies1  bonds,  the  doty  on  foreign 
imont  bonds  remaining  1  per  cent.,  to  yield 
14.000.000  francs ;  a  higher  duty  on  full  packs  of 
plaving  cards,  with  precautions  against  the  sale 
of  second-hand  packs,  to  add  1.200,000  francs ;  a 
Ux  on  servant*,  farm  and  factory  hands  being 
exempted,  ranging  from  80  per  cent,  for  1  male 
servant  up  to  90  francs  for  4  or  more,  with  half 
these  rates  for  female  servant-,  to  produce  10,- 
000.000  francs ;  Bad  the  assimilation  of  thecus- 
i  totho-o  of  France  to  yield 
an  extra  4.000.000  francs.  M.  Kibot  proposed  to 
remodel  tin-  Injuor  duties,  but  the Chamb.  i 
the  matt  IT  out  of  his  hands  by  voting  the  project 
of  M.  Valk?  to  do  away  alto--  t  h.-r  wit  h  t  he  lar^e 
from  hygienic  beverages,  such  as 


cider,and  pernr,  and  covert  he  defi. -it  thu>  caused 
by  an  increased  tax  on  alcoholic  beverages  and 
bv  •  monopoly  of  the  rectification  of  liquors. 
The  Ux  on  alcohol  is  raised  to  11  r>  francs  a  hec- 
tolitre. The  change,  advocated  by  the  Socialists 
or  Radicals,  found  so  much  favor'that  the  Prime 
Minister  had  to  accept  it  or  court  defeat.  It  was 
adonu*!  br  «M  Totes  to  180. 

iraignac**  proposal  for  an  income  tax  was 
poiCponed.  and  the  tirinc-ip!.    .  f  th. 
Jetted  on  the  demand  of  •  r  by  284 

to  ttS.    The  eewinn  was  closed  on  .!  u  l"y  1 4. 

Thr  iMmtfi  Cabinet,— Wir;i  ,|M.  cham- 
ber rueesimnled  on  Oct  22.  the  glass-n 
strike  at  Carman x  furnished  the  Socialist 

for  interpellations.  A  glassblower 
U  who  was  a  candidate  for  the 
council,  left  work  to  attend  a 


•  •  of   \\\<  trade  and  was  .INel: 
workim-n    >lruek.  and  thr  mat. 
glass  works  retorted  with  a  lockout.  disinia^H 
10,000  men.     Tnnips  wm-  -mt  to  pr- 
;s  rejected  the  «'lTer  of  il,, 

the  Tarn   to  at'  I    krj.i    up   tin-   -.triki- 

when   the   inaiuiu-'  '.    M.    U.-xM-^iiier. 

MI   t  In-   iM'^iiiniii^  of  ( >ri«iln-r  and 
to  take  back  all  c\«  pt  it, 
were  sent  to  Carman \  to  pr,  \.nt  mtimid.. 

Th.-  Kiliot   Cal.m.'t  M-i-m.-d  t. 
l'\    the    results  of   the    depart menl.. 
Which  look  place  on  .Inly  . 

.dly  faded  in  their  n< 

tennined  cfTorts  to  win  seats,  but  the  M< 
K. -pulilicans  had  gained  at   the  exiiensi  • 

••re  were  elected  t..  Hie 
partmental   councils  894  Moderates,  268 
ti..naric-.  181   Radicals,  74  Republicans,  and 

Socia 

The  breakdown  of  the  transport  sen  ice  of  tin- 
Madagascar  expedition   and    \an«i, 
dences  of   administrative    incompetence,  win 
tales  of  peculation,  grave  the  Opposition  another 
weapon.     The  attitude  of  the  (Jov.-riim- 
the    income-tax  question   was  not    in   harm..n\ 
with  the  prevailing  sentiment  of  the  chatnlier. 
What  was  most  damaging  was  the  su-pi« 
tertained  in  variou-  parts  <>f  the  h..u-.-  reoav 
ing  the  complicity  <>f  leading  politician- 
dominant  faction  in  corrupt  t  ran-actions.  Ws^H 
was  kindled  anew  by  the  course  of  the  (iovern- 
ment  in  regard  to  the  Southern   Railroad  •eVj 

dais.      In   tile    trial    evidence    seemed  to  1)6  *^H 

held.  The  Socialist  Rouanct.  in  an  intcrpella^BJ 
on  Oct.  28,  accused  the  Government  of  makS 
ier  a  scapegoat,  while  shielding  worse ^H 
prits.  His  motion  that  the  ( 'hamber,  eone^H 
ing  that  it  is  proper  to  interdict  its  mcm^W 
from  taking  part  in  the  operation^  of  HnaflH 
syndicates,  is  resolved  to  throw  complete  iMt 
upon  the  affairs  of  the  southern  railways,  • 
invites  the  Minister  of  Justice  to  fulfill 
responsibilities  was  carried  airain-t  the  ^^H 
menl s  of  Kibot  and  Tr;r 
21 1.  The  ministers  immediate!'. 

I'r.  -ident   Faure  summoned  M.  I'. 
leader  of  the   K'adicals,  who  could 
M.  llanotaux  to  retain  the  portfoli 
Affairs,  hut  was  able  to  make   up  ; 
entirely    from    the    Radical     party.      Ti 
ministry,  completed  on  <>--t.  :',!.  was  compfl 
as  follows:  President  of  the  Council,  an-: 
ter  <.f  the  Interior.  l..'-.n  i ; 

I rov  Cavaignac  :  Mini-tei 
M.  Locknn  :   M 

tor  Bert  helot;  Minister  of  I-'inam  ••  . 
mour:  Minister  of  .luMicc.  M.  Hicard  : 
of  I'ublie  Instruction  and  Worship.  M.  ' 
Minister  of  Commerce,  M.    M.-,ii.ur:   .V 
of  Agriculture.  M.  \'it:er:   Mini-:,  t-  . ,f  i 

•  :   Mini-i' 
W<.rk<.  M.  (Ju\. 

been    Minister   <•('    Instruction   and 
.Iii-tie...  M.  Loekrov  Mini- 
Mini>ter  of   In-truction.    Dr.  Vi^-r   Mi 
iilturc  in  the  Cabinet,  of  Ihipuy  m 
'.  rier.  and  I'rof.  liert helot  Mini 
cation  in  the  Cabinet  of  M.  (J-.blet. 

M.    Hotir^cois    in    his    declaration    of   poll- 
promised  a  supplementary  irKjuiry  into  the  scan 


: 


•he  ioathern  railway*,  and  a  full  diselo- 
f  ail  document*  so  a*  to  maMc  the  Parlia- 
ami  iin.r.i 

company  that  hit*  n  ...nimri  »uh 

•    wa*    ul- 
aw  MI  a*  t<>  n 

x  WM  promised. 
nal  itMMMJMi  tax  tKmt  wnnid  IMIJUMJ. 


ur  the  sale  and  u«e  of  intoxicating' 
ding  that  no  taxes  »hou  Id  be  c« 

*  •vtftom  of  workincinen's 

(tU'iniMit  of  I  ho  relations 
irch  and  Hate  would  be  prvj 

0  r*jnaj«  WM  not  to  be  disturl  - 

rtain 

1  speculation*  and  to  rrgulate  inter- 
hue-  Hi  ill.-  -t.n  k-  -f  ^.-i.i  tiiiii,  v 

airy  out  to  the 

of  purification  and  expose  the  se- 
ii|.t  tiimn.-ial  lawjajaitayil  Oabfcsfll 

•  lie  arrest  in  London 

.-toll. 

Paiiam.'i   i-.-rrup:  :•  •!.!-'  |      'I'.-    r  •  taifl 

•  was 

ray  for  annexation  and  colonisation, 

Colonial  nr 
rides  th«-  irritdiiated  incoin- 

:i.  ami  thr 
nan*  jjla> 

promised  to  prepare 
n  bill,  but  was  not  prompt  enough 
•  Soctmlift  luunoer,  win.  h 

by  a  vote  of  984  to  251,  reaolved  to 

" 
i    Mlewpt—  Ilaron    Alphonae   de 

M-^i.irs   IN- ,11-    III-'     I..U.I   --f     tl..     mti 

•e  and  the  financier  of  operat 

ti  of  wlm-li  there  was  a  i 

wraih  «-f  i  in-  AnarcbiMs 
ti-Semitesi  l>\    In-  ilcnunciati'  • 
lea.    A  rrpistrr  .iddreaaed 

)•<•  an  infernal  machine  when 

to  WM  badly  hurl  i.y  ih. 

latrr  "un    nan 

1     -minuti.  . 

bank    111    thr    KM.      l..»ti'!.     tar: 
11.     W| 

who  got  poanamion  of  1 1 1« • 

Mwr«M.— The' I 

hich   m«*ei  waa 

^••ign  Office  in  Paris 


-h«l.  and 

Measures  of  Japan  had 

with    rv:  the   metric 

metric  system  legaiued  in 


«  in  1MOI.     In  Marah.  1*6,  it  was  ap. 

pM  •  hii     '  -  :.        •       • 

S  MS**,  -,.,..;:,,    ... 
i  ht-  i        ' 

vn.t.ntiar7^a^hssfs7 
at  T  flr*t  |«n  The  < 

•»•:  That 

:nn»i.  a*  a  nil*,  be  made  obligatory  in  easy 
of  penalties  entailing  depriratioa 

Ihal  pnv,,, 

It  IT  ration  a  gratuity— not  at  t) 

'  be  placed  in  a  wring*  Unk 
to  some  authority  in  the  place  where  the  dis- 
charged person  is  going  U>  lur.  and  t<»  be  sjssd 
his  ntomsitlss.    Thesi 

of  tbe  print  .n  authorities.    It  was  agm 

•f  penal  minority  should  be  fifteen 

for  |«  u >  offcn«e*  and  sixteen  rears  fora 

EUtonyoM  *«r.-  ai-.  •dooaM  «Mti..i,i^  DM- 

•i,.-  .t«t-  ,.v,-r  .(.ildren  adjudged  to 

have  acted  either  with  or  without  diatvmmsa* 

.:     '       •:        .,         f    •:..  .r   •  n:.  n.«;    r.iy.lfctl  .".- 
of  Mlaaat  •^•^*<«*ti»^  in  **»•  haaoa  of  th«  •!*!* 

urn    wv^^hfw     • «  iimtii •  11^    iii    %«^p    HVO^W   «^    ^«^v   ^vfliw 


The  right  of 


SAnajBSjail   ptOOi     ' 

The   .h%|HMal    -f   rhil.ln-n    on 

specially  assigned  to  aid 
a  criminal  tribunal  to  dc 

of    Ihr    k'imr.i.a»:<h,| 

.,:',•    •   :       ..-...:      •  •      ;    . 

,  a  man's  con 
own  country  should  have  effect  in  other  eoaa* 
tries;  that  the  principle  of  cellular  imptfaav 
....  nt  should  be  adhered  to;  and  that  eriajft. 


,-.-.•. 

of  their  children  wWai»> 
to  are  that 

• 


nal  lunatics  should  be  treated  in 

and   should   not   be   restored 'to 
•  n  the  joint  authority  of  the  commitl 

tritxinal.  th«-  lunacy  buard.  and  the  prison 

ralii'ii.    ll  was  dcctdrd  lhal  ««nrn  ought 

to  be  treated  with  greater  consideration  thmi 

men  as  regards  food,  discipline,  and  priaoa  labor. 

TI, ami  rated  i-  -  -  • 

c'ellular  iniprfaonmeot  lor  women.    It  appravsjul 

pri»onci>.  ami  unajiunoosly  adopted  a  niilfullal 
to  the  effect  that  thr  chief  feature  of  physmal 
education  should  be  agricultural  work. 

TIN  saxi      afp      , 

Misers'  Coarreas,-TU  sitth 


by  the  vote  of 
OM  l^^iah  sod  QersjaiiiBil  i  the  MiaHnsj 


<-aoluUoii  in  favor  of  the 
Uon  of  coal    |>mduciion  by  an  tnteniatioaal 

»u-r.-.-in.n!   •»  M   •  MH  ?•  -.:•  1  f*.    r  •;'.). 
pan  and   Kim.h  dllsgatM.  but 

glish  and  Oinasn  dsssaal 

'  •         .  ..-.:.-,. 

next  annual  mseHaf.    Only  flve 
resentatives  of  Durham  and 
voted- against  a  legal  cigtit-bour  workinjc  dav 
from  bank  lo  Unk.  ami  .. 
to  airfare  workers  the  benefit*  of  tbe  law  ob- 
tained thr  same  majority.    With  equal  una- 

«i     .:.     f.-r    -f 


•     * 


w»*  aQsjalpjasu  •  ;>  J'.t.<    .'  •. 
on  Aug.  19.    U 

•   ... 


..-    . 


Switxrrland 


KKANCB, 


OB  10  article*,  including  oh****,  walehe*.  music 
base*,  embroidery,  and  spun  silk.  Care  was 
uk. »»  not  to  concede  a  9pre;.>l  taniT  f.-r  article! 
that  can  be  produced  cheaply  in  (i.-rmany. 

imtrytindrrthel  Knink- 

ininiiiium    tariff 
granted  by  France  to  other  mil 

IP.'  commercial  convention  N- 

twatU  ItnU  and  Tunis  w a>  .|.-II..MII.-. 

ration,  dur- 

ta*  which  time  negotiation*  will  be  earned  ,„, 


the    French  anil  the   Italian  govern- 

if) 
c«.untrio<«  I*  inerrial  treaties  with  Tunis 


Htenta  for  a  new  arrangement.     'I 


•nd  standm;;  ii>  the  way  of  its  inclusion  in  the 

i   •  •  •    .  r.  in     kMtrll  and  Ki.-'and. 

Under  -..tm-m-  made  by  the  Iley  of 

•  f  Tuscany, 

Sardinia,  and  Naples.  Italians  in  Tunis  are  en- 

iii oat  favored  na- 

not  excluded. 

1ft   I  X  position  of   P.MMI..-   TI..-<; 
Bent  adopted  plans  for  tin-  I.I-M    international 
exposition,  ami    made    the    first     appropriation 
in  the  budget  for  1896.     The  aut  horities 
of  Nancy  and  some  other  towns  protested  against 
h»l-iinc  the  exposition,  llleging  that   it  would 
•I  i  an  promote  bu-in«--  ami  pro- 
duction, that   Paris  alone  would  receive  what- 
r\i-r  Un.tii-   th.-re   were,  and   that,  instead  of 
promoting  the  export   trade,  it   would  injure  it 
by  enabling  foreign  cotn|»etit<>rs  to  watch  the 
and   di-cnver   the  f    French 

u  fart  ii  re*.  The  Paris  Municipal  Council 
agreed  to  bear  one  fifth  of  the  cost,  this  fifth 
not  to  exceed  20,000,000  francs,  on  condition 
that  the  ultimate  profits  be  divided  between  the 
citv  and  the  st. 

Cvloiitft  and  Dependencies.— Algeria  has 
an  area  of  184,474  square  miles  and  a  popula- 
tion of  4.194.782  persona.  The  population  of  the 
is  82,585.  The  military  force 
in  Algeria  consists  of  the  Nine- 
Corns  of  the  French  army,  numbering 
about  54.000  men.  The  revenue  estimated  in 
the  budget  for  1805  is  48,582,081  francs,  of 
which  13,160.531  francs 


frotn  direct  taxes, 
11.440.500  francs  from  -''.150  francs 

from  other  indirect  taxes.  5,148.600  fran-  from 
monopolies,  and  8,096,300  francs  from  forests 
and  state  lands.  The  expenditure  is  estimated 
at  78j851j842  franca,  of  which  the  chief  items 
are  88.252,000  francs  for  public  works,  15,208,- 
007  francs  for  collection.  i  i.7'Jfl.K:{7  francs  for 
.'.747, 150  rranct  for  foftioe,  and 

n.ulturc.    The  total  value 

.    ,...:,- 

of  which  1H4.754^22  francs  came  from  Prance; 
!.!  ffi  181    tran  i,  <.f  whi.-h 
France  to,.;  .70  francs. 

u»  nominally  a  dependency  of  Turkey, 
but  *ince  1881  has  been  administered  by  France 
aa  a  retidency  or  recency,  the  minister  resident 
rjoriring  hb  directions  from  the  Minis' 

EPR  4.W1**  J?16  P11"60^  I  reiu  li  resident 
bRtrt  Millet.  The  titular  rul.-r  is  the  Bey 
Sidi  AIL  Tbt  area  it  about  45.000  square  miles ; 

I       .  •   resident 
nnrnber^OOa    Toe  estimated  revenue  in  1894 

,  5  n      , 

Tba  chief  «j|porU  are  wheat,  barley, 


•  •live  ponies,  wine.  \. 

vies,  ami    sardino.    The    fish«-i-ie>    and 

and    trade  :ii, 

on  by  Italians.  The  total  value  «-f  imp 
1808  was  88,888,22T>  fran.  s.  and  o!  , 
29,685325  francs.  The  ,  itv  ,,f  TIM. 

i   into  a  -ra;  .  :•    |.\   tlie  nitiini:  of  a  ship 
canal,  completed  in  ls«»:i.  from  (iol.-tla.  I' 
[n  Jane.  1805,  the  landlocked  h.-.r 

•a.   until   then    riovrd    1>\    a    '-and    IM 
it  military  harbor,  in  which  the 
li  Mediterranean  lle.'t  ean  laK 
The   l-'ri-iieh  ( 'oiiL'o  and   (ialmn    have  all  area 
estimated  '  -.piare  mil--,  \\ith  a  popu- 

lati..-  "»(i  natives,  and  the   ; 

pil,  the  (iiiinca  territories,  and  the  l-'reneh  S..u- 
dan  i-  r-tniiated  at  550,000  sijuaiv  n 
population  of  8,000.000  01 

!l     side     of    .\fl 

it    the   cntr; 

-•a.  \\ith   a   population    .  ,,,,|  an 

•    <.f  li.SC.O  s(|imre    miles.       l',\    a   Lomidary 
iiient    with   <iieat     I'.ritain.  biith    «-. 
1  to  respect   the  independence  of  II 
whirh  country  has  since  Keen   included 

rf    influence    claimed    l»y    Italy, 
m   1-ln^land  has  acknowledged   in  a 
tion  with  Italy,  but  Fnmce  disput- 
eastern  coast  of  Afri«  a  l-'ram-r  ha-  ! 
the  island   of   h'eunion  and   the  Co' 
and    Mayoite.   producinu'  siiL'ar  an<l 
outposts  in  the  conquest 
has  been    contemplated    f«.r  centuries  and 
finally  achieved  in  1895. 

ii-h   Indo-China.  embracing  Annan, 
(juin.  Cambodia,  and  (Whin-China.  • 
of   188,000  square   mile-,   not    including  ab.»nt 
100,000  square  miles  east    of  the    Mekoi 
was  annexed  t«»  Annam  in  isjKI;  the  total 
lat  inn  is  18,691,000.    The  protector.-, 
n am  and  Cambodia  have  their  own  g< 
with   Kin^r  Tham  Thai  at    the   i 
King  Norodom  chief  of  the  other,    ('ochiii 
i-  a  l-'renrh  colony,  represented  in  the  Hi 
by  one  Deputy.    Tonqiiin  is  a  pr«.t 
ministered  under  the  supervision  .,! 
cials.     The  (ioveriK  r  Uneral  of  hid««-Ch;: 
control  over  all. 

The  foiirdependencies  are  united  in  a  cii 
union.     The  total  imp<.rts  in  1HJJ2  were  «, 
878   francs;    exports.   !».">.( »71..">70   francs, 
more   than  a  quarter  of  the  trad. 

portal-]'-    products   ,,f  Annain 
cinnamon,  and   dves;  of  Cambodia. 
tobacco,  cotton,    "bean-,   and    fi-h  ;    of   ( 
China,    rice,    cotton,    hides,    fish,    p< 
copra:  of  Tonquin.  rice,  supir.  silk.  c..ti 
bacco,  pepper,  oils,  iron,  cop] 
product-.      b'i<-e    is   the   chief  crop 
and    Cochin-China.      i 
The  local  revenue  of  Cochiii-Chiim  is  uboi 

-      ><MX)    fran. 

in   181)'">  to  military  expenditure  in  Amifi 
Tonquin.    while    l-'rance    e\pen<led     in    < 
China  ::.II.-,I.IMMI  francs.     Tin-    . 
Tonquin  in  ls;rj  \\:. 
expenditure  r.f  France  in   Tonquin. 
was  26,250,000  fran<->.     The  number  of  - 
maintained  in  Tonquin  in    1"*!">  was   1s- 
whom  6,600  were  native  troops     A  rai 
miles    long,  from    Phulung-Ti 


FRKK  BAPTIST  (HI 


• 


north  •  •  ••  .-*|.i»al.  to  Unfson,  10  miles 

• 

1*1*4.     It    took   ov.-r   four   yrar*   to 

'  ram*. 

-JSwM4.WO.000 

-«.but  i  hi. 

I  13,000000  franc*  for  the  Motions 
« 10,000  frnni-H  for  the  |»rt 

:«.ny  Laving  a  ssden- 

;•,'»••  (tint  tin-  t 
" 


E 


.-.,|,,n,   ||,   thr    ! 

iety 

dedonia  has  MI  area  of  6.000 
mil.-*  ami  69.79$  inhabitant*,  of  whom 

-    • 

1805  was  8.080. 1 
i    1808  WM  8j880,094  franc*. 

:.-nt. 
ore,  and  silver-lead  ore.    Tahiti 

-•  inhiil.it.>-  |.n>- 

<«  inlands  are  copra,  pearl  shells, 

K   BAPTIM    <  III  K<  II        >he  "Free 

..k"  f..r  1806  gfos 
tuvh.ofwhuh  the  following  is 
an  :  Number  of  Quarterly 
lira,  1JMO:  <>f  orasJoed  inini-trr>.  1.J163; 

'  h  proitertv.  $2.661.401). 


r  tho  Woman's  Mis* 
.     The  current 

tin-  total  amount  of  th>- 

• 

.it  in   I  ml  in   .W.i   rvM'h-nt 

PH.  ;{S  ,i,|,|  in, 
:•.«  |ni|>il- 

Chr: 

ome  Mission  DaasjrtflMBl 

•  •f   $1.UM 
r»  $11.  1  H».  nn  i 
nTested  fundsasfl 

Tl 

anoe  met   at   \V 
.      Pividrtit 

' 

• 

and  aitN.unt!* 
al  Uvtnl.-.  it  h.-nl  had  l-ut 
eration.  A  r 


<;,^.r. 


pointrd.  an 
i  iMd  by 

tha 
forearrri 

any  war.    Tbo 


-f  the  bwiM 

. 


ar. 
jfirm  as  having  bs«o  $la>M  : 

thrw  yeam  $H|8  bad  been  rwairsd  on*  a 
Th.-  ftVld  wrrtary  mad* 
bsboWto 

",       •    'T,    --.'•<         ;.      ;  '     ' 

entrrprism  and  oaoMM  unoVr  IU  carv.     A** 

;•_••'-..'•      v 

diffusion  of  know  W«« 
and  adopted,  and  afl 

r.  .....,.., 

uru-«l  th.-  ministers  faithful!? 


in  practice  and  teach  the  principles  of  th*4s» 
nnniutatton  m.-i  from  the  pulpit  and 

in  their  pastoral  relations.'    The  report  «- 

' 

•  •n  the  part  of 


l«rt  of  the 

ij.  \  !«.<•      <xi||ir     i-fT.i-tiial      !!«.»:.•      •  f 

Ticious  foreign  iromijrratioo.  and  an 

in  th.-  iiii.-r.-f 


and  t 

•  •th  munirit«l  and  fisjtJnsMl 


IJSJSJM  rvsptfltiawtni 

M'h     Y< 

ixfitit  a 


. 


nitt, 


,f     thr<«,. 

-•s  Society  a|! 
shall). 


From  time  to  time  all  maltanof 
intrrest  as  learned  from  UM 


tional  piililicaiioos 
miatiH    Ml        ' 


•fattn    Hal 

themsehres  to  it  and  prepare 

m.-mU-r.  ,,f  th,-  KMM 


secttrint;  a  pun?  ballot  and  trur 

\ 
adopted  by  the  Cualanaee 

That    thr    •.•nt-tural    doeUlae   of 

.     .    ....     . 

i 

bean  born 

>  in  t 

urrh  tua. 


. 
•BaMmW  mVI  vWWmV  W^wa^  mial  w 

- 


ulalion.  ami  !•>  vote  of  ike 
the  ordmssjcoa  of 


of  the  un.vcr^l  Chen*,  and  by  no 

The  Conference  further  emphat..»!h 
-  that  baptism  by  immsreinsj  shonM  r 
of  all  ratKlulates  for  membership  in 

1  the  mini- 
•t.e   vrreral    yearly 
osaflnni  to  require  from  all 


bounds  annual  reports  of  their  work  and  their 

ual  certificates  of  standing  to 
«  •  ^.«j— 

i  ncm .     A  sjraojeQ  cnvne  01  H uny  •••  pww^M 

for.  of  not  less  than  three  years,  to  be  required 


FRONDS, 


of  all  candidate*  for  ordination  Mid  for  there- 
of Ueai»e*;  all  tioaoset  to  be  of 

known  a»  primary.  J 

in**  U0MMM.  to  be  obudned  on  riving  satis- 
ftrtnrj  evidences  of  proficiency  in  tho  studies  of 
.,  •  •  i;.  [utiotM 

«.-  -     '  -     Of 

Ibtfcworfc  by  properly  aeon-  lit-  d  worker*; 
claring  no  poKfaaJ  party  worthy  of  Mipi-rt  that 
fjuU  lommmil  Unif  unequivocally  for  the  pro- 
Mbftlmi  of  ihr  liquor  tmnV:  diioonntaiMUMjtiig 
th*  o*r  of  tobacco  in  any  f.-nn  :  reaffirming 
-alkfrianco  io  the  system  «-f  public  icfaoob  as 
feuded  and  maintained  by  the  State  for  the  I,,-],, 
t  ion  .if  nil  tin-  and  pledg- 

ing reactance  to  -every  att.-n.pt.  dir.<  t  or  Indl- 
reet,  to  divert  any  of  tba  eofnmoo-aoboo]  fumls 

f  -<,  t  ..r  dciioniiniit. 

MMIMis.      :          -        wing     statistic*     ..f 

reo  i.v  Kufus 

••*  in  the  -  Independent,"  of  New  V.,rk  : 
•  inland  Yearly  Meeting.  4,889  members; 


Philadelphia.  4  .  8,808;  Or 

i,  Carolina,  4,998  ;  Wil- 

n.iMiTt.-n   «>tuo).  5,009;  Ohio,  5.084;  Iowa,  10, 
.  ••      ,\     •  >.i:,.i!i:,:  [ndiaoa.18,188; 

Kansas.  10.583;    I'.aiiin,..,-,-.    I.TJ-J  :    (  aliforma. 
ndl  in   Mexico.  000;  toUl  in  Amer- 
ica. 88.158:   number  reported  in  1894,  87,466; 


A  new  yearly  meeting  was  opened  in  Califor- 
nia in  the  spring  of  1895.  making  tho  fourteenth 
independent  body  in  Am*  ri<-a.  Tin-  o|K*nin^ 
WM  attended  by  'delegates  from  nearly  all  the 
other  American  yearly  meetings. 

The  bicentennial  anniversary  of  the  New  York 
Yearly  Meeting  "f  Friends  was  celebrated  at 
Floah:  :».  Ik>th  diviM,,n^  of  th,. 

•  orthodox  and  tin-  "Hirksites" 
!  in  the  observance.  It  had  been  int«  n-l.-d 
to  hold  tli.-  m.-Mii-  in  the  old  meeting  house, 
erected  about  two  hundred  years  ago,  but  the 
attendance  was  too  large  to  be  aooommodated  in 
it,  and  another  room  was  secured.  Be*i 
numU-r  of  elderly  persons,  direct  descendants  of 
the  Friends  who  settled  at  Flushing  two  cen- 
turies ago.  Miss  Caroline  Hi.-ks,  a  great  grand- 

daughter of   }-Al^   lll.-k^.  f...ll..irr..f  l|,,.    -Hirk- 

aite^  division,  was  present.    Th.-  historical  ad- 


New  Y«.rk.  and  the  adjacent  islands  of  Connecti- 
cut, and  then  northward  between  the  hut 
tleauoU  along  the  Hudson  and  the  Fnglish  in 
•  \  .  ••:-..  nt,  while  some 
migrated  an  far  north  as  Canada.  Aaron  \\ . 
Powell  read  a  naper  on  »  What  Friends  have 

r  the  World."  and   Mariiinna 
delivered  an  address  •  ion  of 

•M  in  the  Society  ..f  Frien-i  exer- 

«M closed  with  the  reading  of  a  poem  by  >l 
Kijbarom-Theoid 
The  Mrions  of  the  London  >, 

held  in  the  third  and  fourth  weeks  i. 
"   them    were  home  and  f 

*  and  meeting*  in  support  of 
tararanct,  again*  viruection  and  the  opium 
tryfc.  in  the  interests  of  education  or  of  (pedal 
Hfcoofe,  and  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Friends' 
Provident  Society.  The  statistical  reports 


•I  that  the  society  in  Finland  and  Sn.thnd 
included   16,400  members.  .»li.>\\iii.L:  an   in 
of  about  40—  less  than   n-r.-m  and  in 

Ireland  9,600.    The  names <  !  min- 

istera"  were  returned  as  <nt<nd  «n  ti,. 
Tin-   ^  in  hul.lin    i-    ind.-|M.nd.-nl, 

but  sends  representatives  i<>  tli.-  L->n'l<>n  ni.>,t. 
ing.     Thi-   in--.  •  i   l.\    ivpr, 

lives  of   AiiK-rii-an    Frit-mis' travclin 
who  hud  U-.-n  lulMirinu   in  diUVivnt  part- 
\vcrld.  and  l-y  n  dr|.utati..n  returnctl  fr«-! 
•  !u-   nn-inl»tTs   had    had    privat. 

with  the  C/ar  and  C/arina    on    ihr 
of  reliiri-'i;-  'I'd"  n-adini:  of  tin 

of  marria^'i    ^tati-t  ics  wjis   follownl 
si. ms  of  regret    that    the   marriage  ceri-iii 
t  he  society  was  not    universally  made  u- 
the    im-mhers    and    was    but    little 
others  to  whom    it    is   freely  open. 
arose  concerning  the  appointment   of  tl. 
mittee  of  seleeii..n.  or  of  a  commit? • 
i<  intrusted  the  duty  of  naming  the  j»er- 
be  assigned  to  important  - 
method  of  naming  the  committee;  in  (»| 
Wafl  h.-ltl  liable  to  lead  to  one-sided  eommir 
enabling  those  who  are  readiest  in  su; 
speech  to  forestall  their  more  ilcliberai.-  br.-tli- 
ren.     It   was  prop«.-ed    to   have   th. 
tives  from  tin-  various  di-tricts  appoint  !);• 
mittee.    In  thediM-us>ion  concerning  t  lies- 
schools,  t  lie  subject  Of  tho   higher  educa' 
women  was  most,  prominent.     The  <.pini 
u'.-nerally  expressed  that  the  best  way  o| 
ing  the  want  of  H  special  woman's  colfeg. 
be  to  establish  a  hall  of  residence  and 
attached  to  some  college,  as  Da  It  on  Hall.  f.»r 
young  men,  is  attached  to  Owei 
cheater.    In  the  discussion  of  the  state  of  the 
society  desires    were    expressed    that     Friends 
should    not    purchase    elTeeiivene^s    in    in 
work  at  the  cost  of  lowering  the  standard  of  tin- 
ministry,  le>t  in  tin-  desire  for  readiness  and  f<«r 
quality,  and  to  meet  a  demand   for   w.  : 
should  lose  spontaneity  and   in-piratioii. 
relations    of    the    London    V.-arly    .M. .  i 
American  Friends  have  in  recent  years  I 
somewhat    delicate,   in   consequence    of    tl 
sumed    departure-   from    the    old    usages   which 
have  been  tolerated  in  >..me  of  tin-  1. 
meetings  with   which    this   body   h;i 
custonied    to  I'irre-pond.     The  question   which 
of  the  Am.-rican  separated  bodies  should  I 
«-_'ni/,-d  in  the  annual    letter  wn-  th- 
debate,  and  the  meeting  decin 
the    smaller    conservative    bodies, 
named  after  the  |{«-v.  .b-hn  Wilbur.  .. 
the  more  numerous    evang'  li'-al    bo 
times  called  after  Joseph  .l.,hn  (im  • 
action,  according  in  Uufu-   M. 

\merieaii    l-'ri.-nd."   i  I   It8  j^^H 

toward   the   obliteration    of   difference-    jn   the 
fuller   light  of  the  unity  of  truth  and  Hi- 
nessof   the  head  of   the'Church.      A 

-cussed  wen-  the  report  of  tin-  Opium 
Commission;  slavery,  with  especial  n 
/.anxibar:  the  edu«-ation  of  new  men, 
as  the  workingmen  who  are  joining 
from   the  adult  schools — in   Quaker   pi  i 
and  methods  of  thought  and  feeling;  ami 
right  membership. 
A  conference  of  British  Friends  was  held  in 


311 


Th.-  te  M|  r    .-•.•'•;••.•• 

trndrnoy  an«l  walls 

,,f    ,i,,    -»,....,,       ,    -     •     .  ..        I          .. 


'lijrioos  thought.  WOT  touefcedttpoa.    la 


ual  Truth."   the 


toes  on  try  waa  pointed  •  «»i  a*  uitohini;  a  weak  point 

tion  ratm-r  than  .  n  fomnf  eon-  In  the  Quaker  system,  inasmuch  a*  it  dues  not 

ipfcna.    Quaker  met!**!                          «l  «*  «  demanded                           minister*  may  fail  to 

;..•  ilisposition  to  roret  the  demand*  of  thoughtful  minds  amoas; 

thui^  thnt  riitiiir.i  Fnn  -anger  men  end  women;  end  las  dcwtra* 

'•  iin-.i  tola!  uj-'M  '  tig  better-ground r«l  training  ' 

•i--n  <>r  i  lie  topic  ••  Mod-  tend  to  serve  as  preachers, 

••rinro  **  the  danger  of  raisins;  up  a  separate 

lied  out  a  varirt  v  of  expressions  of  opinion*  sional  niTnisUinsI  class. 


i  \              hern  State,  one  of  the  oriR-  Outstanding  bomb  fall  due  a*  follows:  Jut?  I. 

•i  1H06,  $542,000                                 Jan.   1.  1*22. 

.  2.  1788;  are*,  50,475  square  miles.    The  $807,000  (redemption,  1*03);  July  I.  1913.  $4.- 

u  h  iliNM-nnial  oettSOS,  80k\ODO   (rrfun.l:                                        1806-101*; 

n  $1.000.000  (refunding               •: 00.000  nsTeble 

'.9I.3W  annually);  Jan.                     $  i  H88JOOO  Mmmd- 

> :    1.057JW6  in  1860 ;  ing.  IHWH  :  and  rariou*  times  in  IOO-'4t,  $01sV 

:.  Atlanta.  Ban  kit., 

'nent.— The  following  were  the  State  rciH>rt  of  the  United  States 

iam  N.  < 

lison.  Democrat :  Se<-n-',rs  ,,r  >,.,;,..  Aii.-n  tiooalbtJilBmopnnlioa  Tte eonAiassl enptal 

Candler;  Treasurer.   KoWrt   I*.   Hanleman:  was  $8316.000;  amoti                 t«d  Stales  bonds 

•ml.  JoH4M.li    M.  T  >nd  requiremeojt,  $8881000:  amount  of  coin  and 

rrnl.    .'                      )i    K--11  ;    r.-mini-:  at.  s  h. M.  $.*iltt^l4JO;  notes  SJSSJSd 

ieultur                                  i ;  School  Con.  illation.  $0.0*5.680: 

f  026;   ouutan.hn^.  $1.100.704:  and  loans 


• 

«•  IsM  pobUeWd 
tate*  Comptroller  of  tbr 

•..-•-.;., 


discoanta.  f8.168.OIK.    T 

M!   had  total  rapilal  of 


ie  uoun,  i  noinas  J.  r>un- 

u-1  Luiniikiii  ami 

resource,    $34.485.307:  deraita.    $ll.7«4.460; 
•essed  valuations  of  tax-    and  9ur|>lu«  ami  un.ii\nled  proflts.  $8.484.10*. 
isiM  wi  t  aavings  banks  with  capital   •  f 


etfate  and  railnm.l  ,.»-..,..  ny.  $285.613,778;  per-    $7I7.:K7  :    resouroes,  $1828.770  ; 
sjsjal  Drop,  r     .<:>.    -...;  ri:  total.  $4'J!MMW«il.     i  —  n*.    ^;,;.sj:{;    deposltl    mftt> 
1riBdo»  not  .n.lu.l,  the  property  of  railroads    f468,100;   and  surplus  and  proflts.  $tll.lia 


were  also  8  private  banks  with  m|4tal  of 
it  $20.000.WK. 

ami  Mirplu*  and  proflu.  * 
Railroad*.-'  '„  I**-.  31.  UttXlir^nha  bad  a 

ate— $468,758,534,  when  the  tax    singlr-trark  railn«d  milsage  of  &J00808:  dur> 
>ie  was  $185  per  $l,00a  bujl804tnrei  ..-••  ••n.rr-...  :..».>•  n.;...f 

ncm— Th.  ii»  i  ho  treasury  (M.    trm-k  :    .t.Amg  tne  total  n11 

18KX  was  $1.180,887.45.    The  receipts  duri 

Mi,g  year  were  *,».780.505.(&  »„.!  t),o    ..,.?.,:     f  otrrf«JWMWO 

r  fl7?.AOQ.OOO;  and  had 

1  bonded  debt  wan  M  ami  ,Nui|.mrnl  nrarh  *1 
^•O.  comph  Nortneestern  Kailroad  of  Oeonria  was  put 

taring  bomb  ami  $.VMM)  in  tiaftt-<luo  mmintrr-  up  at  am  tmn  Apnl  16.  and  bid  off  ' 

t-brann*  u,n,K  thr  HnkinJ  fu,  .M,  :  i  *:  ••  br$i  -    «•      !'    0    rWo    •-...  i;  .       . 
ML  making  th.«  n,  t  .1,1  $8.000LPDO  to  represroia* 

ml-  thoSoutbern 
!mttanooffa.  Trim.,  ami 


<^ra  ami  St.     Florida,  mnnmc 
uis  Raiiroail  at  an  annual  rental  of  $420,012.    88ft  miles,    The   Marietta  and   North  Georgia 


Rail., 

utbern  and 

•  .   '-        v-  .        •    ;-.  .  ,  . 


lii 


van  sold.  Nov.  25,  for  $056,000  to  the  Phila- 
delphia Car  Trust  Coni|wi 
•annfartnr**,— In  the  fiscal   year  ending 
Ml.  1WM.  the  collection  of  internal  r 
.  .     MI.;.->;  n     fn  n     th<     following 
..       ,  i  M,<    ,  ^.  \^\.^:  tobaooo, 

...M,.  fomented  li.iu«r».  t^.^W^JO^ 
margarine.    $4.77O;    and    pmaln.-s.    $2.020.28. 
The  same  sources  yielded  a  total  of  $3&5 
in  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1895. 

f  tobacco  factories  in  1894  was 
66.  which  hail  a  total  output  of  5,078,252  cigars; 
and  of  grain,  molasses,  and  fruit  distilleries, 
268,  of  which  251  were  in  producing 

287.517  gallons  of  distilled  spirits  and  78,407 
barrels  of  fermented  liquors. 

A  census  of  the  cotton  and  woolen  manufac- 
turing interests  of  the  Southern  States,  in  April. 
1886.  showed  that  Georgia  had  78  mills,  o|>erat- 
ing  668US78  spindles,  15.237  looms,  an 
cards.  The  largest  plant  in  the  State,  and  till 
recently  the  largest  one  in  the  South,  was  at 
Columbus,  and  had  a  capital  of  $1.250,000 
and  46.600  spindles.  There  were  2  mills,  both 
in  Augusta,  capitalized  at  $1,000,000  each. 
Another  mill  had  a  capital  of  $600,000;  2 
ha«l  $500.000  each:  1  had  $400,000;  1  each 
had  $300,000.  $262,000,  $250,000,  and  $225.000; 
S  h*l  $200,000 each;  and  16  had  from  $157,500 
to  $100.000  each.  The  smallest  capital  reported 


local  systems,  was  486,682,  an  i  rcr  (  lie 

preceding  year  of  21,085.     Th.    t,.ial   ., 
ai  tendance  was  262,140,  an  increax 

Tin-  nmnl"  iicr>  was  !».  <>:::!.  an   r 

:      Tin-  .srhn.il  fund   in    INJI:J  was  > 


Manufacturer*'  Association.— An  associ- 
<>f  the  manufacturers  of  the  State  was 
formed  May  7.  the  purposes  of  which  are  set 
forth  in  the  resolutions  adopted,  namely  : 

Collection,  compilation,  and  distribution  of  reliable 


•pocial  information  rv^unlimr  the  prog- 

••*  of  manufacturing  in  Goor. 
of  the  producer  to  an  intelligent  knowl- 
edge of  tho  fact  that  the  manufacturer  i*  not,  a-  the 
politician  teaches,  hb  em-my.  hut  a  friend  who  de- 
velops a  home  market  for  hi*  product 
Equitable    adjustment   of  freight  and    insurance 

Knentrosnt  of  just  and  liberal  laws  for  the  protec- 
tion of  both  private  and  corporate  capita),  and  tor  the 

•      .     •     •  .r  •.--.-. 

Promotion  of  a  patriotic  npirit  among  our  people 
irage  them  to  patronize  home  indua- 

•  ".-  Stock.— In  January,  1895.  the  United 
States  Depart  in- nt  ..f  Agriculture  estimated  the 
number  and  value  of  farm  animals  in  the  State 
H-r— ..  1M7.0U,  value  $5,458,470; 
muUs.  161.204,  value  $10,470,828;  milch  cows, 
W.615.  ralue  $4311.417;  oxen  and  ether  cattle, 
ralue  $4 

1.984392,  value  $6,885,119; 
tola!  value.  $32.668.711 

l^ild  linlnc.-A few Tearsagoseyeral wealthy 

men  from  the  North  made  exU»nsi  vein  vest  m-nN 

in  the  old  mine*  of  Dahlonega,  and  by  t 

adfantairB  of  new  processes  they  have  reapcnl  a 

good  iiront  from  the  low-grade  ores  whici  are 

p-rarticalljr  meshauMible  in  this  part  of  Georgia. 

1  men  are  at  work  within  -ix   miles 

Rff*.    Tho»e  who  have  th-  f-apital 

ult^uii imj>r  '   '  '"   Ulit"'  tne  ore 

into  t  he  mills  at  a  cost  of  25  cents 


•  enrollment  in  i- 

w  public  KbooU,  including  those  coining  un-1,  r 


iial  School,  n.  'ar  Ath. 
I'l.-ntx  .luring  tin-  >.  —  K.II  ..f  i 
whom  51  counties  were  represent  <  «1.     1  1 
age  daily  atim-lan.-.-  was  PJ.'i.    The  session 

-.•inning  .lul\  :>.     In   April, 
1895,  it  was  formal 

n-Tinal    school,    the    Legislature    having 
priated  $20,000  for  two  yrurs  f..r  runm 
penses.      (S-r  -  Annual  rycl,.j 

page  889.)    i:«.i-k  College,  aa  the  l.uil.lii 

used  by  the  Normal  School  is  calle.l.  i- 

eminence  750  feet  above  the  sea  i.-\.l   > 

theOconec  ri\.  -r  ami  tho  Bin 

built   in  1859  as  a  place  for   instruct  imi  of  th<- 

nmlcr^raduates  in  the  sophomore  and  freshman 

classes  of  the  University  of  Georgia.    I'm 

long  since  discontinued   in   that    u>e  ami  turn..  I 

ultiiral  Colli-p'.     The  d.  _ 
Lie.  -niiate  of  histructioii  is  tx)  be  con: 
graduates. 

The  total  attendance  at  the  State  lTnivcrsityf 
at  Athens,  in  1894-'95  was  240:  and   th 
numlM-r.  including  those   at  other    in-tiiuii..n» 
established  l»y  the  State  and  made  Li-.u. 
the  university.  WH  institutio: 

The  North  Georgia  Agricultural  (  'oil.  •_. 
South  Georgia  and  the  Middle'  Mitary 

and  Agricultural   Colleges,  the  \\ 
Agricultural     and     Mechanical     ( 

-•ia    School    of    Technology,    tl 
Normal   and    Industrial    College,  tie 
dust  rial   College   for  Colored   Youth,   and   tho 
State  Normal  School. 

The  failure  of  the  Legislature  to  provide 
suitably  for  the  Technological  School  led  to  the 
resignation  of  its  president. 

Mercer  University,  at  Macon,  had  enrolled  in 
1894  students  to  the  number  of  252.  including 
the    preparatory,    thrologiral.    and    I: 
ments.    By  a  di-cj>j,,n  rendered  in  !>.•••.  -ml 
university   receives  $18,(MK)  from    the   < 
estate  in  addition  to  the  $30,000  not  dispui 

.      KMIOI-V    Collei.'!-.   at    Oxford,   had 
256  enrolled,  including  a  siibfrohn. 
46.     The  jr.  in   endowments  during  tin 

year  1892-'93  was  $9,637,  and  that  from 

f.  •  -  >JH,871      There  would  ha\. 

$6/>16  if  salaries  had  been  paid  in  full,  but  the 

ion  made  up  the  shortage  l.\ 
reduced  salaries. 

stale   Institutions.—  In   the  State  T> 
Asylum,  at  Millnlgeville.  the  average  mm. 
pati.-nts  during  the  year  •  n.lin-  - 
1,709.     Of  those  present  durin-  that   ti; 
were  discharged  i  .mil  7  \\«r. 

improved,  while  KVJ  died. 
eleven  months  amounted  to  £ 

total  c,,M  i>t  r  nifnln  /><  r  (linn   v. 

The  s-hool  for  the  Deaf  at  Cave  Sprii 
in  18»::  :M  i::o  pupiU.  with  7  teachers. 
cost  of  support  was  $18.854.71.  In  addr 
the  usual  school  instruction  th<  taiutt 

to  sew,  and  the  b,,y>  l.-arn  shocmakin-/. 
shoe  shop  had  a  balance  in  its  favor  for  tl, 
of  $285.38.  The  State  -maintains  and  in 


01  OR6I  \ 


r  wren  years  with.-ut   <  hnr^i*.  an- 1 


tlon. — A  convention  held  at 

«as  at> 

.       :  .    .   ..    : 

ery  srii  in  th<- 

*n,  and    thr 
at  the  Itunetalli.-  ' 

^  in  view  the  organ 
rj  county  and  ilt»tri<  t  of  the  Slate. 

.          I     VMllllv 

irtrred  by  UK 

l  Society  to  tnk  Ha  a  corn- 

form  an  African  colony. 

n  were  accompanied  t>y  their  wives 


—A  nee  i 

IllltV    111     1'. 


i  u.i>  .  n  bwtoeai  MMM  tod 
•^roes.  I'romi- 

i  who  assisted  in  arresting  the 

oseph  Isham;  and  a  plot  was 

liem- 

id  to  take  revenge  upon  Mr. 
ihot  by  a  gang  of  5  negroes  in 
r  his  hows  in  th.  •. 

>ie  5  were  captured :  but 
the  flrst  shot,  which  was  fatal, 

1  -r  him  .  \  :i..l  the  ne- 
borhood,  who  banded  together 
nly  to  pn-vt-nt  !.  .  l»ut 

S  prisoners  from  jail.  \ 


x>n  their  .•»• 

i-nt    will 

so  callod.  broke 
iber.  im.    The 


uered  to  opfxise  tin- in  an<l 
I'll.-  miirdi-riii  man's 
MI  t<«  turn  I  In-  ni-u'r- 
ie  should  be  caught,  and  allow 

•  course ;  and  ther  sent  a  mee- 
ts pro  HUM  M)  if  they 
up.    The  pro|io0ition  was  re» 
rhttes  began  a  «pan>h  for  the 

:  another  negro,  and  beat 
roman  who  was  suspect* 

until  whiten  and  Mm-k- 

•  armed  mobs  of  several  hun- 

was  so  serious 
r  wa*  at>|ica)eil  to  and  or- 

•  •  the  scene,  ami  in  a  short 
• 

>  of  news- 
lentil  who  w.r,-  i.n  the  Held,  b 

.jivi-n  «»ut  I»«v. : 
imissioners  of  Hr.-.k»  t  . 

B  negroes  hare  ner*r 
and  the  whole  tn»uMe  has  been 
85  whit.-  m. -ii.  not  over  4  of 
rooks  (.'out 


About  the  same 

.  .        1    .:.    \   ..        '   . 
'-        -' 


wftmA    llatfi     mtifftoiaVftovi    MJax^  aWsmat 


and  in  muting  arr**t  had  .!..*  a  d*(Mv 
ti»r  an. I  •  poliesman.  both,  it  »a»  MipfMjtorU.  fa- 
tally, (hiring  the  rv 

i     One other  man,  a  spr. 


i  a.  .hot  and  killed.    The  crowd  were  KfyZ 
duced  to  give  up  their  porpose  to  lynch  the  i 


It  was  necessary  to  rail  out  militia  to  Mail  a 

at  an^r  in  Savanna! 

laanjnjei  of  a  Ird  in  afj     .:.  .  :  •     •     ,  ,.  •    *•. 
Masoni.  Hall  »->  an  ei^riast. 

hall,  and  att.m|Hs  were  made  the  r 

were  Mown   ..,.  .iunnk-   the    nignt,  but  thsffi 
seemed  to  be  no  evidence  to  swlain  the 
that  tin*  was  done  by  the  riot. 

LncM.iiM.    SeemloB.— The  UfWatare  ad- 
Joum.  : .  after  a  session  of  flfty  days* 

In  acconlanee  with  an  act   i*^l   in  i«H.  a 
commission  has  been  at  work  for  neari 


years  codifying  the  law.  of  it*  Mair.    Ust  r^ 

C^latur,  pa*»ed  an  art  providing  that. 

as  the  work  of  the  rnmmiasion  would  have  fln- 

U- 


i  -    .    .  ,   •  ; 
.   .,.,J5ed 


and  report  to  the  neit  General  Assembly. 

The  tiovernor  sent  a  special  •ssnafe  u>  the 
Legislature  in  reference  to  the  crime  of  (jMaV 
ing.  from  which  the  following  are 


,,,, 


i«.»  ,..rt,«  charrrd  wW 
hand*  a  warrant  chanriaff  than  with  the 

These  mi 


:.....-     r    .........       • 

thmtotrislfbrOieo«snss.- 
wardof$fiOOfbr 

.•alliiw  hb  SttoM 
wa»  I 
Slinilliiiii  a  JKMM  ruM*/o/»«  and 

»uii>iii<>ti..l  a   »    •»'  -  :     « 

.•4  U- found.     ^  iMtv  tWy  at*  I  ass  ajot 
.U  learn  s*4*ia*  ftvea  uV  lasaUv .• 

I  .,      •  •  •  . 

^^Hk  Uivi  Hunting  In  tii»  co^aWv  tA 

.-•;•..  '     •     '  -•:••. 

- 

1.  That  a  law  tw  lasBlsil  that  vUl  sswvWe  a 

• .  •      •        •     • 

.      • 

al.  la  r » rn  «M  whsrs  he  has 
an  mrrvimtf  ooVvr  ass  MWd  to 

him.  ao  that  If  is*  njcts  on  trial  warrant  fc  a« 


• 

J^TTPo^il'iil  tyoch  lawtots«rsVeistioa«ria« 

•     •       ,:.•-:„•.-•      -  .    -.  : 

i  toloqair«us«>«acaos»of  UM  ness*  cases  wakH 


314    CiKKMAX   EVANGELICAL  SYNOD. 


ISKKMAXY. 


b  um^ 

esjgeialfrUying..  N 

iawritinir  U»b  m««Mg  e.  there  can,,  int..  my 
imt  U»«l  h*  be  aoconi«>l  a  trial  in  ..... 
mo< 


^«*  of  *«  mob  in 

fta«.r 

£pTwa« 


odfe*.  wkimt  U»«l  h*  be  aoconi«>l  a  tr 
.  «»«  wh^Wl  fl«l  from  an  angry 
«l<««»«i  to  capture  and  hi..-h  him. 

If  ih«  nw^uiNM  iiMvln  *•"•  httVtof 


•Mdo»ot»e*wlthyour  .n- 
a*k  that  you  deviM  other*,  and 


I  mo*  earnestly 
enact  them  into  law. 

I  -unty  elections  were    held    in 

J.nua  Mff  in  gains  for  the  I 

who  elected  their  candidates  in  tome  con  nties 

•  .    •    •  .  •    •   i,    fu    Populi«l    !*tn  ni^lioM*. 
The  IN>puli»U  gained  in  Washington  County. 

iicans  clectetl 

Plokras  and  Kan  n  in  Counties.  There  will  U> 
no  more  county  elections  in  January,  the  legis- 
lature having  passed  an  ad  uniting  them  «  nh 
:v  •  •  •  harts*  "."'i-. 

The  new  elect  ion  in  the  Teath  OongreviofiaJ 
District  (see  -Annual  Cyclopedia  "  for  1894, 
page  IIS)  result*!  in  ti,.-  election  of  the  D 
eraUe  candidate,  Mr.  Black,  by  a  majority  of 

•  »n!v  r.i.038  votes  were  cast,  against  84,- 
440  in  Nov.;  1804 

The  People's  party  held  a  convention  at  the 

capital.  Dec.  18,  and  chose  delegates  to  the  Na- 

tional Convention  <>f  the  party.     It  was  decided 

Mnn.-n-l  i«.  that  •  on  \e"nt  ion  the  platform 

that  includes  these  principles  : 

Direct  issue  of  all  money  by  the  Governmeni  : 
abolition  of  banks  of  issue;  no  more  bond-;  to 
be  issued  except  in  refunding  those  of  the  Gov- 
ernment now  outstanding;  silver  and  gold  to 
be  coined  upon  e<|iial  terms  at  a  ratio  of  16  to  1  ; 


the  volume  of  currency  to  be  increased  to  not 
less  than  $50  per  capi in  ; 
to  be  raised  by  a 


Government  revenues 
graduated  tax  u|»on  incomes 
and  by  a  tariff  tax  UJKJII  luxuries  of  life,  the 
necessaries  of  life  to  be  placed  upon  the  free  ij<t, 
and  the  internal-revenue  system  to  be  abolished  : 
ip  of  railroads,  canals,  the 
telegraph,  and  the  telephone ;  alien  ownership 
of  land  to  be  pr-.hil.it.-d  :  and  Tnit.-d  States 
Senators  to  be  elected  by  direct  vote  of  the 


!    MUM 


\N    I   \    \N«,I   IK    \|.   MNOI).      This 

body  returns  for  1895889  ministers,  1,075  con- 
gregations, 185.203  persons  having  received  the 
oonmnnkm,  and  81/191  pupils  in  Sunday  schools. 
The  year's  profits  of  the  pabUshing  house  are 
reported  as  having  been  $25,000.  M .  .r.  t  han  80 
congregations  received  aid  from  the  I  Ionic  Mis- 
sion fund.  A  foreign  mission  is  sustaii 
India,  whi  sonted  as  making  steady 

m  asylums,  two  of  which  are 
with  a  home  for  old  people,  are  sus- 
at  Detroit.  .M,,|,..  Bonsonvill,-.  111.,  ami 
Hoy  lest  on,  lit  The  triennial  <J«  m  ml  C<.nf«T- 
enoeof  theChumh  met  in  August.  \\»  prin«  ii.al 
MU  related  to  the  a , 

of  the  Bociish  Language  HI  «  ,,||ege;  the 

ratiooof.bn  ,r  „„. 

IdeiiPubl,.      .  i!  ,in  mi. 

diUooal  building  for  Klmhurrt  Collepr .  Illn.oj,: 
and    the   jraMicalion    of    the    weeklv    journal 

the  organ  of  the  Sv: 

ttERXANY.  an  empire  in  central    Kurope 
gfar  •  f«d«ral  Government     The   K 
Prussia  as  German  Emperor  has  supreme  charge 


of  politi.al  ami  military  affairs,  with  po\\ 

into  ititcrnuVionul  t : 
;  the  empire  ii  attacked,  but  he  mu-' 

'    "f    the   federal    le^i>lati\  e  alii  1 

if  the  war  i-  ii"l  |'iuvl\  def,  HH\.  .     The   |. 

tive  bodies  are  the  Bundesrath  and 

tag.      The    a«l>    H|.oli    \\hieh    tli- 

law  on  recci\iiiKr  the  a.-sen: 

being  «-.«nnterM-ni-«l    l>y    the   ( 1lian.-ell,,r  ,,f  i|,,. 

Kinpire.     The  Hmid. 

ben, appointed  i»y  tin-  governiiu-nts  of  th 
eral  states.  dom  of  1'ni^ia  ha\in-  i; 

n\    J.  and    \Viiv 

tin-  (irand  huehy  of  Baden  :t.  lles-^e  :;.  M, 

^trelij/..  and  <  >ldeiil»m  •-  I  .  aeh  :  tin-  : 
«.f    I'.ninvwiek   'J.   and 

tenlni!  1'iirLr-IJotha.ainl  . \nhall   i 

and  the  priiieipalii  i< 

-••hwar/linrg  -  Klirlol-tadt.      Waldeek. 

~    lilei/.  Sehaiiii.' 

ami  Lijipe.  and  the  free  cities  of  Ilamlmr. 
men,  and    Liil»eek   each    1.     The    Keieli-dand   <T 
. \l-ace-Lorraine  i>  not  represented  in  th- 
dosrath.  lutt  sends  ir>  memhers  to  th> 
whieh  has  397  members  altogether,  of  \\h- 
represent    I'rn-sia,  48   Ba\  y.   I? 

WQrtemberg,  14  Baden,  9  Hesne.  «>  Meekl. 
Schwerin,  8   Sax«-  Weimar.    <  Mileiilmr^,    I'.runs- 
\\  iek.  anil  Ilainlinri:.  \uludt, 

and    Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.  and    a    single   n, 
each  of  the  other  states.    The  Reichstag  me:n- 
bers  are  elected  by  universal  male  >uiTra-.- 
by  secret  ballot  for  five  years,  tin- 
being  about   1  to   124,500  of  population.     The 
L'eiehkanzler  or  Chancellor  of  the  Kmpn 
r«  the  Bundesrath. 

The  German  Emperor  is  Wilhelm  II. 
Jan.  27,  1859,  eldest  son  of  IM iedri<  h  111. 
he  succeeded  on  June  15,  1888. 

The  If. •!«•!, xkaii/.ler  in  1895  was  I'ri 
lohe-Schillingsfurst,   appointed    (»,- 

The  imperial   ministers  \\  _rn    Affairs, 

Preiherr  A.  Marsc-hall  \«.n  r.i.-l.ej>i.  in  ;  li 
I>r.  Karl  Hein rich  von  I'.r.t'ieher:  .Marine,  Vice- 
Admiral     llollinann  :    Ju^tiee.    A.     N 

,rv.    (Iraf    A.    voii     I'o-adov-k\      \\ 
Kailroads,  Dr.  Sehul/. :   Post  Ol1 
phan:  Court   of  Accounts.  I'rivv-( 'oiineil 
Wolff;   Invalid  Fund.  I>r.  I 
TiiiniMraiion.  llerr  Thielen  :   Imperial   I'.a 
l\o,  h -.   Del.i   CoiiMni^ion.   Privy-* 'onnril.  • 
iiecke.     Prince  llohenloh.  lent   of  the 

Pru->i  in  Council  of  Minister-.  Dr.  \ 
was  Vice-Pr«-ideiit   and    Mini-' 
llerr   Thielen   was    Minister   of    Pnlilie   V 
The    other    Prii^-ian    mini-ter^    \vei-  :     I 
Ilerrvon  Koller:   \\  ar.  <i.-n.  Mronsart  von 
lemlorf :   A-rieidtun-  ai.<l  Domain-,  l-'ivih- 
Elammerstein-Loxten :  .1^ 

al     Affairs.    Ivlnmtion.    and    Pnlilie 
Health.  Dr.  Juliu*  I; 
Johannes     Mirjuel  ;     (  i.mmerr  . 

P>erlep-c||. 

Area  and  Population.    The  ar.-a  of  tl 
pin-  i-  now  computed  to  be  208.670  square 
The  population  at  the  taking  of  the  last 
on  I) 

nual  gain  of -01    j»  r  e«-nt.  >inci-  1^!tO.  when  the 
population    \vav    p.i.j 
2:50,832    males    and  -    females. 


OBRKANY 


. 


.f  increase  for  the  preceding  fire 
v»  I -07  per  ernt.,  a*,  compared  with  1*8 


'  .....      td 
;•».    i  :  .  n  vi  n 


•  in  Ann  n. 


.1  with 

r.  BJSJ 
ii:,,.:. 


'he  nuinU-t 

The 

• 
-.»a>    in    \*W  n*   f..l! 

Co- 

v   revenue 

.-.t   at    1.1543M.OOO 
xtni.T.lituiry   n>vrnu<*  at 

Hiark*  (1  mark 

• 

,-.  ?s  JUJ.IHBI  mark- ;  printing- 
7.000  1 1 1. •»!••. 

NMI   it  i   lh<-    Imp  rial 

!.-t      l-f     III 

nterest  of  Imnerial  funds.  46.- 


r«-<-iir:  iitiiif  for 

r  n»ilitar\ 
MLS96,000    iimrk-;    t..t«l. 


•lie  KH.W  r 

;-ts  of  the  rail* 


..      ........       , 

• »  marks  for  railroads,  and 


•arks  in  tm  |  ihrr 
expenditure  for  .*.  Wl.WH 

-«a.  u»j«a.ocio  nu, 

UI^Md  ::":  »7j060l    ,r.-     •    :-• 
eharfe  ba> 

"MMO  to  IW1  ^^"J000 


fun.l.  •J7.'J.>.«NH»   inaik-    f.-r   Ihr 

888,000  mnrks  f 
04.000  murks  for 

justice,  488,000  marks  for  the 


71. ;I.M- ••:.».,-  la  :-<•, 

i-...!.  MM  fflUd  •     i  :i..-u  •  i.      . 


•am*,  •mouritinf  to  th«  nominaJ 

mark*   wcrv  n.ntra«iM   at   4    per 
.ifter  which  760.H4t.flOO  mark,  wrrv  rvM 

at  ,(*  :  ind  Old  drU,  «.  r-     fuoOcd  atxi 

pew  obli 


new  obligations 

IMUI.  and  1MM  to  the  amount 

mark-*  U-aniiK'  int«  n-t  at  .{  j-  r  . .  t.t. 

The  nui'  tevrral  ius>r>»  forxl*  in 

April.  l«tt.  was  as  folkm- 
TmtTS    marks,  brides   8J97JM  iorisjs   and 


f  .11.. wing  table  jrirea.  in  maHca, tW  bfjdr 

»asUtMfor  l«ft.or 

in  the  ease  of  some  of  UMNO  for  lt»4.ai>d  ibt 

rtaifl  -.f  t!:-  ;r  .!•  '  ||  : 


Many  of  the 

ati.l  : 


has  propertt  of 
The  Stitof 


the  raloe  of  «.74€JJ« 

wa.  inrurml  sold?  for  rail- 
nd  th*  rmilrt«d»  mr  m«r« 
than  the  interest.  Of  the  Bavarian  debt  «.• 
460,400  marks  were  pat 
debt  of  Bremen  u 


HKKM  VXY. 


to  extinguish  the  obligations  at  a  rapid  rate. 
Of  IhedeU  of  Brun«wtck  80  per  cent,  was  con- 
irmotrd  in  order  i«  build  railroad*  The  «lebt  of 
Hamburg  «  I  mainly  for  poblk  • 

from  which.  ('••  \t  i  i\'-s,  1  1"-  largest 

iir  tl     debt  ..i  Beanfe- 

I4&OJO  marks  ar»«  railway  d.  bt,  and  against  the 

rwrt  ar*hold4.166.ri08  mnri  funds.     hi 

UpfM,  whrr*  i  In*  rvvm>K  n  the  lan.l. 

i%  th«  property  of  tl..-  prince.  the  debt  is 

IMS  than  the  active  iun.U.    The  debt  of  Meek- 

,       .    •  •      •     than   covered  l.y  j.r..- 

daeUve  funds.    The  budget  iriven  Includes  only 
that  part  of  I  ho  grand-ducal  revenue  that  is  ap- 
pttadto  public  mi  rp<»»c.N  not  the  separate  reve- 
'  the-  grand  duke.  nuiouni  :!K),000 

mark*  «  y«-«r.  In  Meeklenburg-StreliU  the  ad- 
•tefalnii'ivc  expense*  are  paid  out  «.r  the  privy 
pur»*  of  the  grand  .Ink.-.  and  no  public  a«-f,.uut  - 
in*  is  made.  Most  of  the  .1.  l.t  of  8axe4!einin- 
-..,;•  Inotin  capital  :  >»-,,  third* 
ie-  AlteoboJv  and  one  third 
of  that  of  Saxe-Meiningen  is  tin-  usufruct  of 
duraJ  estates  now  applied  to  public  purposes. 
Sa»e-  Weimar  gets  a  largo  part  ..f  tin-  revenue 
from  the  state  forests.  The  budget  of  Saxony 
include*  21.690.700  marks  of  extraordinary  reve- 
for  extending  tin-  public  works;  the 


Mains  more  than  half  its  revenue 
state  forests  domain*.  au.l  railroads,  the 
latter  Yielding  a  net  in..  MIL  ,,f  80,686,585  marks 
in  1804.  «>f  tli-  debt  ,,f  Wurtembc- 
000  marks  were  rontractcil  f..r  railroad>.  from 
which  the  *t«t<-  deriv^l  a  not  profit  of  11 
442  marks  in  189'.1.  'Die  Prussian  revenue  i-  •!•- 
rired  from  the  following  sources:  Domains  and 
foresU,88,l«1.474  marks:  dinx-t  Uxes,  1JMJJJ.- 
irks;  indir.-c-t  Uxes,  71.221,000  marks; 
lottery,  79.266,500  marks:  marine  bank,  1,876,- 
000  marks;  mint.  ^Vt^O  marks:  ininc-.  ir«.n 
furnaces,  and  salt  works,  128.188,97;!  marks: 
state  railroads,  068,751.676  marks;  finance  ad- 

n.    8S5.55:J.:W7  marks;    Mini-" 
Justice,  60.913.300  marks;  Mini-try  of  the   In- 
tertor,  11.075^90  mark-:  Mini-try  of  A^ririil- 
tun-.  ,.irk-:  Ministry  «'.f   I'uMic   In- 

•  (.080J800  marks:  other  departments. 
9.809,160  marks.  The  expenditure  is  distributed 
as  follows:  Working  expenses  of  the  domains 

-    -•-.    ll.l!»H.o:MI    marks;    of    the    finanee 

»lmii  •  rfcs;  ..f  the  ad- 

minbtmtiMti  of  mines,  etc..  11  uirks; 

of  the  administration  of 

mark*:  ftiipplemeni   t-.  the  Kin-/-  revenue  fn.m 
ruM    funds  «.0(IO.O(¥)  marks;    public 
debt.  388^00.810  IIM  ,,mrks 

for  interest,  374^84.067  marks  for  am..rti/ation. 
1.432.736  for  annunitie..  and   1 
ministraUon  ;  matricular  (••mtributioii  to  imjK- 
rial  rx|«nnditurp.  24  7.9H6.090  marks;  appa 

••••,.  ••;.:;.;  ,,   i;"k^ 
••h»«s,  17MBQ  marks  :  <  -iiamU-r  of 

.;      i: 

\:r.,  ;-.  :,:;-.<HN» 

mark*.   M        TV  ..f    l    :  marks. 

f  whieb.  48.fJ07.9O4  are  for  civil   pennon-  and 
rewanK  5.466.100  marks  for  the  widows'  fund, 
MAHMJOO  marks  for  presidencies  and  i: 
meots,  ,  8JBKUWO  marks  for  the  general  funds, 
and  LM8.775  for  atlmini*tration  and  otl. 
Ministry  of  Public  Work-, 


640  marks;  Ministry  <-f  Comnieive  ;m,l   In,lus. 

..f  .lu-ti.  • 

918,200  marks;   Mini-try  ..f  thi-  hit. •: 
»HJ,4"Ui    in.,' 

polle. 

.rk-  for  house-  ion.  ami  1 

adininis|rati\r    and    oih. 

Knses :   Ministry  of   A^i-ieiilture.    |)..maii; 
.      D  •     . 

are    |,,r   ihe   -m<l  ;   Mini 
and    1'iil.lic    Ii.-trt.et...,,.    lo:,.s|:;  s(»;»    mai 
whi.-h  80,489,883  marks  are  f..r  puMir  in 
tion.  in.si'i.i.-.i  narki  Era  expenses  comn 

\\orsl.ip   and    instruction. 

evangel  tea  I   worship.  'J.r>(l4.7.s!'  marl. 

.  061,091  marb  for  m  \>  • 

fine  a 

'•.' I    mark-    f«>r   technical    instruction,  and 
.'IS  for  other  e\peii-es;  adm.iii-lra! 
the  ars.nal.  128,122  marks.     The  total  ordinary 
expenditun 

traordinary  expendit  ure  is  .">*.< t;;»;.;is|    m;(. 
which  the" chief  items  are  20,865,00* ' 
railnmds,     n5/,»:{:,.4!»o    marks    f,,r    other    pul.lic 
works,   4,707.'J<K)    marks    f..r    jusii.  . 
mark-  for  wor-hip.   1 

ture.  and  4.474.047  marks  for  linai.ce. 
Prussian  debt  consists  of  3,592,667,8.">< >  mi 
consols  paying  4  per  cent,  inter,  -t.  l.HM'..- 
marks  paying  3$  per  ceir  '."<»•  marks 

paying  3  per  cent.,  IT1  mark-  of 

and  loans  of  railroads  bought  by  the  sta 
089,800  marks  of  treasury  bills,  and  son 

The  Army.— Every  able-bodied  (ierma 
less  exempted  by  lot,  i-  (ailed  int..  th. 
army  at  tne  age  of  twenty.     The  milita 
of  1893,  adopted  for  the  period  ending 
::i.  1*5)9,  reduced  the  time  ..f  a«-ti\ 
two  years  in  the  infantry.  |i-a\ini:  it   still  thlfl 
years  in  the  cavalry  and   field  artillery.     This 
added   about   60,000   men   to   the   annu.> 
tingent.     Young    men    who    have    reached    tlu; 
highest   grade  in  a  gymnasium  <>r  a  Mai 
if  they  e.juip  an<l   board   them- •\\>-.  can  fulfill 
their    military  duty    by   serving  a   sin::!' 
From  these  one-year  volunteers,  of  whom  then 
are  about  8.000  every  year,  are  taken  ma 

CCrS  of  the   Lalldwehr.      These  Volllir 
counted    in    the    peace   effect  jv.  -.       I,' 

olic  priests  are  in-,  ribed  in  thr  depot    n 
and  are  not  oldiged  to  train.     Natix. 
land  are  cxemj.t    from   military  dm  . 
but    those  born  after  the  ,-,•— .on   of  t  In- 
to Germany.  Aug.  1 1.   1^!">.  will  ha- 
Schoolmasters  are  reipiired  to  -.-rve  in  ' 
tivc  army  only  »•  n 

three    years    of    service    with    the    colors     the    re- 
cruits "return    to    civil    li! 
a  lopt    the    military    profession    an<; 
gaged  as  noncommissioned  oflicers.    \\'h< 
me.,  become  too  old  for  the  service,  tl 
i|iief.tly   obtain  civil    employment    on    tl 
roads,  or  as  forest  ranger-,  or  the   lik 
time-expired    soldiers    are    enrolled     for 
vears  in  the  reirular  army 
into  the  Lamlwehr.  where  the  term 
five  year-  in  the  first  and 
ond  bans  for  the  men  who  have  -erveil  tu 
as  infantrymen,  engineers,  foot  artilli-ryrn- 
but  those  who  have  served  throe  years  in  the 


army  remain  only  three  veers  In  the 
•uililanr  l*w  ..f  1808  fixed  the 

nirai.  -mi 

I  • 

rsra.     Tb« 

tli«-  urtiiit  -      '    !'..-. 


4.1     n-tflllirllli.. 

f      I          '    '    •    '  '    • 

Jions  of  railroad  trooiis. 
ItlBHISjUlW  of  I  Jtu«l«»»-fir. 

->f    Ihl- 

,ir  l«>nl  —  in  nhown  in  tin- 


.....     '  .  •.  ,,  ,  .     f  . 

h'un*  in  a  ^niral  Latter*. 

-  :       •    .-        .       ;  '.-. 

and  " 

ittgrtfaaSi 

firing   guns;   '.»   r 
der  Urosse")  have  a  llffirhnsjis*  of 

liMlM    lOfje,     1";     :,..    ...    -     .    '      ..    ;.        ..  .  -          , 

nHnggvw: 
.i...|  i 

of  armor,  and  cam- 
one  of  these  veawU  i.  flitr,)  » 

m.    Their  speed  varies  from 
".    There    are    II    gunU«i» 

( •amllr«Hi.N  Tn-.-lil."  -| 
Salai 

"UO  loos,  having 
armor.  an<l  rarr«mg  a  single  aft-ton  or 

fleetest  vessels  of  the 


.,.,     a. 


ft* 


410 


441 


war  strength  of  Gi-n  ,  her  pres- 

'icoordance  with  the  programme 

•KurfHrst  l-'n,-.lnrh 
:i.     l-.H     ai..i     1898. 

bave  stet>l  I.  .i,,u».l-  l.ott..,,,.!  an«l 

iplete  i  n|N.uiul  amiof. 

• ,  a  speed  of  16 

nntunil   dniuu'ht.  and  are  armed  with  6 
in  a  strong  l>a 

,'  guns,  8  of  |-iiii-h 
rpedo  ejectors.  A  fifth  venal 
riat*  Preusscn  ^  is  under  con- 
ion.  Of  the  projected  10  armor  cln. 
coast  defense 


'M-riMHh  Lloyd  packet  lines  to 
as  auxiliary  i-ruisen  to  cnat  of  war,  and  has  pro- 

ng  Krunp  guns.    There  are  7 
thinl-claascrui^ 

•2JMO  tons,  and?  fottfth- 
class    cruisers    (-  Seeadlrr.M    -  • 
moran.-  -  Kalkr."  -  liu^«r  *alhe.M  add 

>1  rams  and  4  guns  disposed  for*  •-! 

aft  and  on  each  broadside.    A  first-rla«»  rrutorr 

•»«  has  been  authorised,  and  8  second- 

class  cruisers  are  to  be  laid  down  also.    The 

:.«s  are  * 

which  are  connected  by  the  new 
.rial.    The  torpedo  stations  are  Priednrh. 
sort,    Wilhelmsharen.    Kiel.    Cvsheven,    and 
tiii-j.lnnnn.U-.     Thi-n-  an-  III 
boats  and  torpedo  division  buata,and  tl 
class  torpedo  bosu. 

Commerce  and  Indwftnr.— The  i.4al 
of  the  special  im|-.rt-  in  IW3  »a%  4.1 
marks,  and  the  Talur  of  the  exports  of 
acts  8£44£ttjOOO  mark*.     The  fol 

^  the  Taluea,  in  marks. .  ' 
iii>|N.rt^nn.l  '\portstn  18Mof  the »arions< 
of 


-I.  f.  MM\  6  were  completed 


Prith- 

i  under  construction,     Kach  of  these 

-f   111  kimlH  ni 

t-inrh 

X       <>f     III.-      H      , 

'U'rnininr.    "tilv    tin-    "  K 

has  btvn  built  H  .nn^l. 

•ipl«--*4-n-w  Mi-am-  r     '  :  :  '•<•"  iodJ  •>•    : 

,-  2-.»  knotA.  h«v- 

•f   6.053  tons,  aii'l   nrm.  .1 

irj.l  "  Prin- 
..I  M.-.'t  thnt  are  still 


»  broadside 
M.T  an.l   1«  !•  » 

wo  of  them 
placc- 


i  •    -•       ' 

In  vmtaiTol  wool, 
;::  MUNMI 


«4eotton. 


II 


llfl 


MANY. 


of  railie.  908.700.000  murk 

000  marks;  of  raw  silk.  130.SOO.OOO  marks:  of 


Ito  ram,  1 17.900.000  mark* :  of  ml.  94.600,- 
_  marts:  of  l«*f  tobacco.  7M  >  MN»,  ",,r 
flaiaiHlhiwp.OH.70.' 
OMOOlOOO  marks:  of  seeds,  OOJOO.Oto  , 

,  -IfprU 


marl*:  *H£00,000  marks ;  ot 

ooUoo  yarn.  47.*W.ai6  marks;  of  fish,  43,600,000 
,:\rfwiiHu  4*100,000  mmrki, 


TtfetinorUof  ««ar  were  valued  »t  327  l< MI 
000  marks:  of  woolens,  21  :.•.•-.""•.  nmi 
iron  manufiirlir  "UM>  marks;    ,,f  sjlk 

4*1.000  ran:  u'«>ods,  154,- 

lOOjOOO  IDA  al.  136.700,000  marks;  of 

;    ,x,.lNNI    .nark-    of 
-        ».-• '      •:    M.    ''-1"". 

Marks:  of  feather  goods.  85,100,000  marks:  of 
clothing.  80,000,000  marks;  of  wool,  67,700,000 
mark-  s  raw  and  tanned.  «-j. 400,000 

marks:  of  leather.  Xt.2iiO.000  marks;  of  manu- 
factures of  wood,  50.400.000  marks;  of  glass- 
war*,  41.500,000  marks;  of  woolen  yarn,  87,900,- 
-oeds.  86,400,000  marks;  of  pot- 
•  000  marks ;  of  raw  silk,  84,600,000 
marks :  of  hot*.  38,100.000  murks ;  of  flax  and 
.....  ^tajMNtfOOnttln, 

The  imports  of  precious  metals  in  1893  were 
178,882.000  marks,  and  the  exports  152,604,000 
•tra 

The  participation  of  the  different  countries  in 
thecommcn-c  of  the  (n-rman  /ollverein  in  1898 
is  seen  in  the  following  table,  Diving  tin-  imports 
from  and  i  -  to  each  one,  in  marks : 


I  -•'!'.     •    .-.- 

OrssCM 

At 


858.441,000 


S97.11MOO 


71.  -I..-- 
..;.-   .M 


4.184,070,000 


M.788,000 
674,018,000 

- 


10,08*000 

K08,llt,000 

187,867,008 


-.---.  ..... 

18,061.  ..... 


smMI  ...... 


isyutysoo 

46^84,000 
69J18.IKM 
84,667,000 


The  total  area  i,T,.085  hec- 

tarea,  of  w j  1  .'.HW  are  cull  i  v»i,-d,  13,908,- 

'l  i  .70  .  in.  iwlow,  pasture, 
and  wa»tr.and  2J860.149  are  n...  U  i..wns.etc. 
TbWB  are  55T6.:UI  farms,  cmploving  8,120,518 
tad  sopporting  18^4031^  The  areas 

•otmi  with  various  crops  in  1808  wen- 
8,7Wb«rtar«:oaU,8^:  7l!»:  w). 

.".'.NCJ8;  hay, 
..  .   118.2fe;   hop.  43.484. 

*2ri^f  h?riwi  ln  18W  wiw :! 

••..-I; 

in    1808  was  0.811.940  r, 

1.1 75, 187  ton*  of  sugar.    The  qiian- 


r  brewed  WM  54,651,000 
the  product  of  8,460  breweries.    Tin   ...-,!  ,.U|. 
put  in   lHl«was  78,909,000  tons.    Tli.   ( 

^!)2  was  4,95*7.101  tons,  vnlu 
229^96.000  niarlx-  of  in.-mufartiiivd  iron. 
MM  inrlrir  toii>i  wnv  liinn-il  out.  va! 
'»  marks.     Tin-  hilver  pro<lu<  : 

•'K»   marks;    /inc.   55,062,000    m.-.r^; 
r.     24,758,000     marks;      |,.ad. 


| 

on-  iintionalit  irs  that  vi-itnl  (Jcrinaii   |"  IN  dur- 
ing IHU'J   is  shown    in   the   follow  in^  talil- 
vessel,  though  railing  at    dilT«" 

foiintrd  only  once  : 


The  number  of  vessels  cleared  ami  t  li- 
nage an-  jjiven  according  t<»  their  lla^s  in  llu- 
table 


The  total  number  ent.-rcd  \v.. 

;  tons;  cleared,  -  i  i.i 

The nnmber  entered  at   Hamburg' ^ 
5,683,353  tons;    at    Mrcme,..  ::.o'.i:,.  of    1.: 
tonsjat  Stettin, 8,762, of  1,233,541  ions;  at  Ki.-l, 
:;.«;il.  of  r>!H.<;sO  tons;  at    DantH.-.  1. 

of;  at   LObeck,  2,425,  of  510,01 

Koniu'-bcrL'.  l.:WO,  of  897,556  tons. 

merchant  navy  in  |siM 
sailing  vessels,  of  698,856  ton -.and  1." 

tons;  total.  :t.7-.".»  res--!-,  -f  1. 
tons.    Of  the  sailing  J.t'l  ?.  of 

tons,  belonged  to  North  Sea  por1-.  and  ' 

-.  to  P.altic  j.oits;  of  the  stcamsm 
628,  of  665,7<i'J  ion-.  l.t-|ont;«-d    to  |.ort- 
North  Sea,  and  388,  of  1 
ports.    Not  includeil   in   ih«-«    jj-i. 
vessels  engaged  in  the  coast  in-  tra«lc  and  inland 

a  lion.  mirnbering22,Ms  . 

'KK>  tons. 
Hail  roads.—'! 

in  operation  in  IMU.ali  «.f  which  l»clon« 
to  the  (Jovcrnment.  state  <.r  imperial. -a 

.  and  f»f  these  296  miles  were  worke.i 
Government.    The  gross  receipt-  for  lv 

•>83,000  marks,  and   . 
marks,  leaving  the  net  receipts  490^16,000  marks, 


:  • 


Mnal  to  4}  |-rr«-nt.  on  the  capital 
£7.000  mark*.    The  freight  I  m 


portal  cards,  47IJ96.176  circular- 

^^Earai 

«*,  ami  l! 

r  90.68847MI9  marks,  i n<  I u. I 
AIL!  Wnrtcmln-rK'.     The 

• 

^^Bbad  expenses  889,776*866  marks,  I* 

f    tftMMIttBt    m    rL-          It    •!      \       t    IL» 

•sjfeMd  WnrtemU'r^n^vipt'Wcr.  -MM.:.  I!- 
naat  970*87,748  marks. 

-iph  line*  of  U,  (KVtaldift- 

' 

-  of  wires.    The  Bavarian  tele- 
i  miles  in  length.  « 
KT of wire,  ami  tl,.^  - 

mile*  of  win-,  rnakin 
• 
f  wires  275,972  i  .mN-r 

189:  . 

The  nuinU  : 

rial  |«.M«:  SMMTl    f..r   lla- 

tit    s,-.,   am!    llaltic   <  anal.-The 

r    U- 

i>  hitherto 
.  and 

,1  the  peninsula  of  Jutland. 
ler  Canal,  which 
-mall  ressels  01 

:id  in  dang«rou>  •••n.v.n  that 

-age  is  not  very  wide  ami  that  the  «  a 
.  tin-  hrnx  - 

The  annual  number  of  wreck> 
ssjes  tOO.    The   new  canal   was  oeremor 

canal.  ne« 

i  thdar.— <m  April  1. 

tlMOBUOf  nnd  fotitul- 

Kmperor  down  to  the  low* 

lie  German  Reichstag  a  resolution   wa* 
proposed    to    air  '   that 

.11*   of    111 


id  had  with  tl.  Chancellor,  in  « 

f  1«3 

ul    Ih.-    ^ 

'.kg    iiniiu 

.  n>r  William. 
;>ion   of  the   Reiobstag.    sent 


the   following  telegram 

i|«rr«  to  jroor 
mr  deepest  ind(g»elVni   at  the 

allv  nnnftsaH  to  the  a*ntimeiita  <jf  all 

i:,  .-  •  M  •  ,:    - 

!  •-,•      •-  i    -         -         --  ...    . 


M,r •»,  -A 


of    Ihr 

m  went  to 

heads  of  the  civil,  miliur 
and  the  members  of  his  rta(T 
...    \,i     :,..,,•-'--,:  ..--     ' 
arrired  in  Kriedrichsmh  and  pre- 
sented the  congratulation,  of  the  Ciermao  peo. 
In  the  dtiea  the  booses  and  pabUe  bsSd- 
ings  were  decorated,  and  in  t 
n  reworks  took 

William  gare  a  grand  banqo 
H  l.inhdar.andoHebn 

in   Iu' 
ifsjn 
SeMUnefthr 

liam.  in  his  sper« 

rial  la«.:  a  Ltll  for  the  regVMV 


IN-I  it  ion :  MIC!  a  bill  proridfnf  for  the  furtbrr  ux- 
i«cro.    The  Hn*  of  thea*  4  bilk.  tW 
(s«e  -Annual  Crdopawba-  for 


tlirou^liout  the  whole  of  Uermaar.     F 
against  its  adoption  were  presri 

tac».>  th..<i*.u,K  riflMd  IfUM    '•    ' 

...         ....        ,.,,..... 

•  •\j-r.  MOU     !!...:  .    '  "        . 

measure.    The  bill,  although  mainly  directad 

against  socialism,  was  elastie  enoogh  to  be  an- 

vnth  .-M,ml  f..rt»  against  any  one  of  the 


parties  that  might  happen  to 

ipsj 

ItsjBoonOa.    TV 
'von  the  support  of  the 

ramontane  |«r-  .ts  Or* 


>d  arraTrii    againi«   it    m  the 
-tag  all  the  1. 1 «-ra)  parties  in  a«U 


rrlkd 


itwasrrfemdtoa 


npts  were  made  to  w 

-  Gotrmmrot.  bat  that    . 

was  mindful  of  the  fa.t  thai  it  owedHiCftisV 

eoee   to  the  CW/«r4sjsta/  and  the 

riginating  therefrom.     It  «a« 

IhsjOvfsjrM 

ers  which  conk!  be  tamed  against  It  al'any 

moment  unless  ^  wwon  to  the 

sTl*«w»^tfwasjBmAVit     tl      tf^rMftisI    sriaBw^YIM      fft%a%lsPw*\a%l     §Hmmmmm^aTL 

While  the  bill  was  in  the  hands  of  the 

the  bill  emerged  fron 

appear  ;«c4  that  with  the  aid  of 

the  ncrk^*  UK- oill  wonM  be  adopted.    Wlw» 

.-..'.-.   ••".•    • 


:;: 


GERMANY 


oa  th*  bill  in  it*  original  form.    The  < 
party,  wbfeh  had  agreed  to  Mnpod  the  i,..v,m- 
ment  under  the*  impmsion  that  tin-  latter  had 
Urilly  conaented  t.>  f  .-edto 

...   u  -..  t  m  •••  --M  i  u1  wn 
reftehrd  <>n  ricals  voted  (<>r 

M  in  it-  original 

;  I.. r  il. 

•erthcn  proposed  to  dispose  of  the 
hill  at  unhand  not   to  waste  any  more 
time  tip-nil.     A.  cordinu'ly.  the  differ- 
cut  iwrngrnph*  of  lh-   lull   weiv   t.-ik.-n  up  -ue- 

•  •ted  l.y  tli.-  lieich 

nica.no  thai  n<>t  even  the  f»rmalitv 
of  a  division  was  required.  Thus  ended  with 
the  inglorious  defeat  <>f  th<>  Govcnin 
paign  undertaken,  as  the  Government  expressed 
the  defense  of  religion,  morality,  and  so- 
, .,.  idee 

The  Government  h  <  »in  anoth- 

feat  in  the  rejection  i  rof  the  to- 

bacoo-Ux  hill.    This  hill  provided  for  a  reduc- 
..f    th-    imjiort    duly    on     foreign-grown 
by  45  marks  per  100  kilogrammes,  the 
abolition  of  the  system  of  specific  duties  on 
home-grown  tobacco,  and  substitution  for  the 
•f  an  ad  valorem  duty  of  25  per  cent,  for 
cigars  and  cigarettes  and  40  per  rent,  for  snuff 
and  smoking  an<l   i-h.-'.vin-   t.  \t    the 

time  of  Its  iirr-  lu.-tion  into  the  Kei<-!i-'.i_r.  the 
Oorernment  declan-d  that  these  new  duties  were 
necessary  to  prevent  a  threatened  deficit  in  the 
;  it  was  expected  that  the  Clericals 
;  rally  to  its  support.  When  it  came  be- 
fore the  committee  it  appeared  that  there  would 
be  no  deficit  in  the  budget,  and  even  the  com- 
mittee rejected  it.  When  it  came  before  the 
Boon  on  a  second  readm-.  it  was  rejected  by  a 
large  majority,  only  the  Conservatives  and  Na- 
tional Liberals  voting  for  it. 

The  other  two  bills  mentioned  in  the  speech 
from  the  throne  were  never  even  laid  before  the 
Reichstag.    A  bill  dealing  with  the  regulation 
of  the  imperial  finances  was  defeated.    Tin-  whole 
accomplished  by  the  Reichstag  in  its  five  mom  h-' 
i  i'lption  of  the  budg- 
et, 9  Mils  dealing  with  the  taxation  of 
and  spirits,  a  customs-laws  amendment  bill,  a 
measure  providing  for  th.-  punishment  of  slave 
trading.  2  bills  granting  pensions  to  veterans  or 
their  widows  and  orphans,  and  a  few  minor  pro- 
posals.   Such  lack  of  positive  results  has  never 
..-.:;.       •  i_-.       I'm         --]    :.- 
;         ,, 

8eciallsM.— The  unsuccessful  attempt  of  the 
German  Government  to  combat  socialism  with- 
in the  German  Empire  by  means  of  repres- 
sive Uws  in  the  shape  of  the  UmeturevoHoffe 
••nlv  srrrcd  to  unite  the  socialists  for  stronger 
activity  and  helped  to  increase  their  numbers. 
rto  the  strongh-Msof  the  social.^  have 
been  large  cities  and  the  industrial  centers.  b«t 


.„'  condition  of  the  agrarian  populu- 
Mited  to  swell  the  socialist*'  nab  in 
wrote  where  formerly  socialism  was  unknown. 
la  order  to  meet  the  demands  of  this  wing  of 
•ion  in  the  party  platform, 
•a agrarian  committee  was  appointed  t.,  .iraft 
MMadm*ntA  to  the  party  principles,  which  were 
to  be  submitted  to  the  Socialist  Congress  at  its 
meeting  at  BraUu.    The  committee  prepared  a 


programme  of  which  the  prineij  al  j. 

I"    all    a«linini»tralive    fui, 
and  of  all  privilr-.  -  .-.•nnerted  with  real  | 

.vrll  a-  of   any  remains   of   the    feinl:-. 
t.  in  ;    the    i  ii    ami    increase    of    ; 

lamled    projH-rly.    the    tran-fcr    ••!    pr..p.  • 

ain.  of  the  forests,  ami  of  \\a' 

Miniinilv.  uinler  the  control  of  th. 
srntativc*  of  the   jH'ople  ;  the  in  I  roil  net  ion  of  a 

f  pn--i-mptii.n   for  tlic  commuiies 
of  the  sale  of  property  by  public  auction,  and  the 
management  of  their  property  by  the stal 
the  com  m  lines  on  their  own  account,  or  by  a 

"f  rural  laborer*  ,-r  -mall  proj.; 
that  was  not    attainable,  by  sell'-ili-pi-mle: 
ants,  under  the  supervision  <.f  the  state  or  the 
commune;    state  credit    for  as^M-ia1 
commuiie<  f,,r  the  purpose  of  impn-\ 
ty:  the  payment  by  the  empire- ' 
penses  involved   iii  the  construct  inn  ami 
of  the   public   means  of  communication 
dams  and  dikes;  the    nationali/atioii   of 
gages  am  I  a  reduction  of  t  he  rate  of  in' 
on;   state  help  for  distress  cau-ed  by  ti 
ments of  Nature;  and  an  extension  i.f  for- 
shooting  rights.     This  programme,  alt  ho',. 
jected  by  the  con^ri-ss,  was  declared  l.\ 
lution  accompanying   the    rejection  to' form  a 
basis  upon  \vhic  h   a   new   committee  was' 

pare  amendments  to  be  laid  before  the  < 
in  181 

it    celebrations   were  prepared    am: 
throughout  the  German  Kmpire  tocomim  - 
the  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  the  victory  of  the 
German  army  over  that  of  France.    The 
i-tic  press  ur^ed    its  adherents  to  refrain  fr«.m 
taking  part  in  the-e  celebration-,  and   especially 
from    celebrating    the    fall    of    Sedan,  on    the 
ground  that   it    would  be   an    unbioth.t 
towar.l  the  Kn-nch   socialists.     In  a 
places  the  socialists  announced  their  im- 
of  holding  meetings  to  denounce  these  celebra- 
tions, of  which  Emperor  William  was  the  prtifl 
mover.     Their  press  assailed  the  nn-mor\ 
helm  I  in   recalling   his  repressive   la\\ 
S.-pt.  '.>.  lS!»r>,  tho    anniversary  of   the   battle  of 
Sedan,  Kmperor  William  II.  in  nmi.. 
to  the  Guards  at  a  banquet  in  the  White  Hall  of 
the  royal  castle,  concluded    his  s|M-.-eh 
lows:    "Yet   in  the  sublime  and   noble 
these  celebrations  a  note  has  been  struck 
truly  has  no  place  there.    A  rabble  unw.  : 
bear  the  name  of  Germans  have  dared  i 
the  German    people,  have   dared  to  drag  in  the 
dust  the  sacred  person  of  their  late  I. 
peror.     May  the  whole  jn-ople  find  -tn-r 
monstrous   at  lack"!     If  not. 
call  tijx.n  you  to  resist  thi^  trca-onabli-   l> 
wage  a  war  which  will  free  us  fr-.m  sn 
ments."    The  Social- Democrat  i 

peech  and  attacked  the  G«-\«  mim-nt  and 

ujK-ror  in   violent  article-.     This  and  the 
aspersions  upon  Wdhelm  I   le<i 
several  of  the  mo-t  prominent  - 
HIM!  the  institution   of  eha- 
le#e-majesle.     A  number 

pers  were  confiscated  and.  with  the  aid  of  vinc 
old  Prussian  laws,  repres 
the    socialists    were    adopted    throughout,    th*1 

:..m  of  Pru-«ia.     The    plant    of  th. 

."  the  leading  paper  of  the  s< 


\M. 


«  ASH  BBQUE8TR 


Prominent  socialist*  wan 
hOH**S  searched,  ami   all   i*|.-n. 
,«nu  confiscated,  «nh  thr  n*uh  thai 
p  be*d<|uart>  r 


..f  imhta  r.  r  •  -•  , 

igrirtilture  has  assu 

:.t  Kami/ 
ulllmugb 

.  A  stanch  Conservative,  was   ao- 
p*     II-  proposed  that  the 

1  hare  an  absolute  monopoly  of 
/ion  mi. I  -a..-  .-f  foreign  cereals,  ana 

domestic  cereals  w 

^•t  large  enough  to  Yield  a  comfortable 

oAt  proposal    wan 

--:.»!i    ll.-rr.  iihaiu   and 

uT  way.      It   reco^i 

.elliing  hail  to  be  done  to  nave  agn.  ul- 
IM   ruin.  I. ut   it    .li.l   ii.>t 

(iropoaml.  (hi  the  other  hnn<l.  it  \\w\  n<> 
OMMMure  of  relief  which  it  ini^ht  mib- 
-iml  thuji  »ti 


•  » 

•  . 


In  .-nltT  t-> 

n    and 

itni-nt. 

ing  of  a  select 

at  Berlin  ..n 

nt    K 

.,•-  v     •        •' 

kv«,  with  the  n-sult  thnt 

ir--.l   in 


nn- : 


••-  all 
wait  rr frrml  to  a  rommfoaa.    One  "of 

••»l*l  -  ' 

Karon    %..n    llaiiiii»rr>ir»n.    «K..    f.  r 

',r    Irailrf 

abowl 
ami  at  the 


l-«jr.    !• 


him  in  M-trral  newspapers  for 
fiin«l  'ut»g-' 

•    liarun 

action-    f<>r   liU  I    v. 
responsible  edit 
Bfc  rth  i.f  -.".",     ' 


in.-nil-  P*  ..f  th,. 
a 


•«  in  charge  of 
«•§[  i  be  forgot  to  pa  j    • 
or  woTnan  was'  left 
..I.Iain  «hal  was  due 

- 

••  \. 


llainin.-M.-in  van 
on   Dee.  80,  1085.  and 

(.11  is    VM,    1:1  ni  i  m    The 
list  wmpriani  the  most  notal. 
qu«U  for  public  pttrpoaM.  of  |AjOOO  MM*  and 
upward  in  amount  or  value,  that  wvivmada.br- 

came  operatire,  or  ».-r.  oom|  ktad  •••••'      • 

ninational  oontrilwtkNM   for  «dor*iinmJ 


appropriati-  tis  t<> 

tfons;  an.l  th.-  Fayenreatber 

leges  (see  -  Annual  Cyclopsrdii 

iScemDer.  1886.  art  aside  tbe  deVti  of  tnsst.  al- 

albeoofwt  to  stand.    Tbrl 
value  of  the  gifts  and  btqoests 


Abbott.  0«rg» 

Abbott.  Tat*. 
eharitablr  aoU 
Adwa.  Fivkiki 

a  t..«i>  hall  and  pobUc  hbrmn 


inspnrt.  protoc-liiin  .-f 
rics,  and  a  reform  of 

ai  . 

•tfatefltii 

ewed  their  attacks  again«t 
i  MI  I  th.-ir  demands. 
n.  though  thought  to  be 
HttT,      81      \ 


• 

•      ,•  . 
? , 

OwMiasV.N>w  York 
rtf*  ft*  1  ait  seb«Uf»J 

.i  Mary  0 
Library  <Aol«ttWa  Oollsys, 


.  fift 


UII-TS    AND    I',r\U'ESTS. 


cift  ttSuOOO   besides  the 

•  • 

„  .B^werfB^Chlca^IiLgmtotJieNewbeny 
Library  of  that  ciiy.  his  collection  of  Americana, 
oomprUar  ebout  ?,000  booka,  drawing*,  mu|».  manu- 
script*, photographs,  ete,  representing  thirty  yean* 

iuiu.ri«*   join  H..    '  licqucsta  to 

American  Bible  Society 

v  •  •       i;.-  •  :.,  i  .  hun  i..  and  to  ;. 

charitable  institution*,  each  $&,00<  .<HX). 

BaUaettM.  Mr*.  John  H.  Newark  to  the 

feme),  charitable  Society,  $10,000. 

Balloe.  Materta  K.    See  OBITUARIES,  AMEHI- 

Bailee.  Mevtei  H ,  M 

anicsvinc,  $40,000. 

Bamjea.  Joseph  J 
chair  »t  political  econoim  in  the  cuth»: 

•  rica,  $50,00(1 ;  also,  with  his  wife,  irift  of  t|u. 
St.  Maria  Home  for  Working  - 

Barnard  College.  New  York  city,  gifts  from  2  friends, 
•00,  one  toward  a  new  building. 

Barnard.  Henry.  New  York  city,  gin  to  the 
•ore  Home,  an  apartment  house ;  equity,  $75,000. 

Barr.  Miss BDeiM.,  New  Ipswich,  N.  H.,  be, 
Kadcliffe  College  (Harvard  ,  for  scholarships,  remdua- 
•.  .--..:    -  -•  •    ..-•   :  ..'  ?; 

Bat*.  College,  Ixswiston,  Me.  (friends  of),  gift  of 
Rocrr  William*  Hall  for  Cohh  Divinity  School! 

Beokwita.  Abby  H.  I 'rm  idence,  K.  I.,  several  chari- 
ties; $:.««•'  in  all. 

Belkfills  (N.  J.)  Bjmnned  Church,  gift  from  friend^ 
a  chapel;  cost.  $9.""". 

Berkeley  Divinity  Sohool.  Mlddletown.  Conn.,  friends 
>    Hiatus  Memorial  Libra - 

Bsiiflp.  Charles  B.  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  rifts  for 
echools  and  benevolent  societies  in  the  Hawaiian 
Inland*,  which  had  been  sustained  by  the  late  Mrs. 

!:  ,.  •  ••   .-./  -._•  fcttft, 

Board  of  Edecetion,  Brooklyn.  I  •••on,  fri.-nds. 

Hall  Academy  (chartered  1786)  in  Flat- 


bo»h.  for  a  hitrh  nchool ;  value,  $150,000. 

Pembarton  «qoestN  to  Dennii 


Librarj-  and  Christ  rhun-h.  «>t  N»-wtrjn,  each  $5,000. 
Browm.  Anaa.  (juin  \.  111.,  bequests  to  Illinoi.s  Hu- 
mane Association,  $70.000 ;  Quin.-y  Humane  Society, 
$14,000;  Connectii  in  Humane  Society,  $42,000;  Lou- 
Humane  s  ><K);  MasAachusetts  Hu- 

Sodvt «M,1    F.-lks*    HO.IK-,  Quin.-y, 

;  Illinois  Industrial  >,-h....l  for  Girls,  $5,000; 
and  Quiocy  Woodland  Oriihan  Home,  $5,000— in  all. 
$*47/>nO:  for  other  charitable  purposes,  $108.000. 
Browa.  Martha  Wheeler,  MancWterTs.  H.,  bequests 

llampnhire  Home  Mi 

Franklin  Street  Church,  $5,000;  Woman's  Aid  and 
Belief  Society,  $1,000;  citv  of  Manchester,  $500;  and 
residue  of  her  estate,  estimated  at  over  $50,000,  to 
Dartmouth  College  and  the  Manchester  Children's 

BOTM.  Abbj  B.  t,  Ciloucester,  Haas.,  bequests  to 

•->-••• 

BaE,  Mr*.  Mary  Pwtaam.  1'arn- town   N   V..  bequests 

Davenport  .    -  „  nces, 

•10VOOO;  and  to  vanoua  churches  and  inatitutions,  an 

-      •  •! '   * 


Baraham.  Tb«as  Obrer  Haaid  Peny.  Boston,  Mass. 
(•ee  obitaary  in  -  Annual  rvrlopaxlia"  for  1891),  be- 
QM»  dbtnbuted  by  executor  tothe  Massachusetts 


Hoapital 
of  E-e*.  M0\000 

' 


.   >    •  .    '     .-. 

Uoo 


Aged  Urn,  in  Boston,  $10/X-  t«.hlc  inntitu- 

tea,jmeii  $&/*»;  and  4  others  each  $2,000;  total, 

fe  8  BL,  Mediom  N.  Y.  bequests  to  John 


,  a  block  of  buildings  value, 


$10,000;  and  to  benevolent  orgnni/at 
nfa     ;  UJBOQ 

Oady.  Mrs.  Henrietta.  - 

u.s    of   tin 
M.for  ln.li:,-    -  ,n  Ah^ka,  ^ 

-"',000;  and  tin 

male  (Inardian  v  "<X). 

Callender.  Elisabeth.  N  i 

000;  and  fora  free  U-d  in  Nrs\]».rt  Ib'.-pital. 
Campbell.  Miss  Clara,  li-nt'-n.  obio.  i>.-.|ii.>t-.  ;,\ail 

able  on  the  death   of  •,.  the  M^l 

• 

International     M  \llianec,   an    eata' 

mated  at  *!• 
Cannon,  Henry  Le  Grand,  Now  York  city,  bcquemfl 

.•H,    $l(j^^^l 

the   I'nivi  i 

and  bric-a-brac  an«l  $-J..PHMI;  and  I 

Burlington.  Vt..  i.,r  chime  of  IX-HH,  $2^00. 

Carleton.  James  H..  llaverhill.  Mans..  I 
available  by  the  death  of  1. 

Citv    Hospital.    *'J.\ooo:    May.  rhill    Public   J^^H 
$16,000:   North    Chun-h.  Hiiverhill.  $:M».«MM.. 
Men's  Chri  -iation.  $15.000;  • 

lege,Northiiel.l,  $8,000;  city  of  Haverhlll, foi 
school  scholarship,  $6gOOO :  AmeiiefJl  < 
for  I  -ions,  $5,000;  AiiKii.  an   11 

sionai  $5,000;  At 

nary,    $5,000;     K  -nal 

rhill.   $5,000;    Union     • 

$6,0<>'  .11    Hible    So.  ;    (  Mi] 

Ilomr,  llayerhtll, $8,000;  Female  H.n.\ol,ut 
$2,000;  Whit  tier  Birthplace  Association,  $1 
all.  #1  :',•_•.«  MM  i. 

Carnegie.  Andrew.  New  York  city,  trift  t 
I'itubnrLr.  I'n..  :i  public  library  and  art  trallery, 
endowment   of   $1,000,000;   dedicated   Nov.  5. 
w  VO|;K  I',.. i  \M.    <  i  \itOBN. 

Carthage  (111.;  College,  gifts  from  friends, 

Chandler,  Mrs.  P.  A..  Andover,  Mass.,  be, 

Abbott  Academy.  *''.<>00. 
Chase,  William' L,  Hn-oklino,  Mass.,  be 

Church,   Brookltne,   ?">.(MMI;    ~   eharit 
$2,500;  the  I>aj>ynis  Club,  his  co]l,,n.-n  of  I'apyria 
book^;   Harvard   College,  for  a   medical    sd. 

$5,000;  Memeohoaetti  c.en.-ral   I 

bed,  $5,000;  in  rc\  cr-ion.  to   Meteeohu-         >     ••• 
Hospital,  $10,000,  Mawachi.  hn<>! 

-  ;  n.ooo.  an, 1  -j  charities,  each  $5,00<): 
e,  a  contingent  roidiie;  total  known,  $6q^l 

Chedsey,  Nathan  B .  New  York,  be<juest  to  C<mfl 
^rational  Church  in  Durham.  Conn.,  $7,000. 

Cheney,  Benjamin  P.  ,  A  MKKU  AN. 

Chilson.  Gardner.  MunsfieM.Mn.si*.,  be<,ucsts  to  AA 
ican  liai'ti-t  Mi--:-. nary  I'nion.  x.;»'.r,«;r, ;  Bs^B 
Home  Mimionar  •  •!  AmeiHl 

t   1'ublicat  teL$     •   '  " 

••  Christian  Herald."  of  N.-«  York 

Ii'ali   Relief  (  'oinmitteo.  > 

Clarkson.  Thomas  Streatfici : 

ft,  a  trr»uj>  of  buildiiiL's.  fully  equipped  . 
M-d,    opposite    the    New   York    State 
School  at  Potiwlam,  for  a  school  of  tc-chnolo- 
alK»ut  $12">.OOO;  endowment,  $100,000. 
Clarkson.  William  Randolph.  New  York 

$5,00<'  Ministers' 'Home    Boci 

Farmt»,  $5,000;  YC.UJIL.'  M- -r 

and  the.  Mu)il«-nl>urir  Hospital,  I', 

$2.000 ;  an<  i 

<lu«-  of  his  large  estate,  subject  to  life 

widow  and  .- 

Oobh,  Catherine   P..  Hrockton,   Ma--.,   be.; 
American  Board  and   « 
ary  Society,  each  $5,ix 
Brockton,  her  Ho11y\vo*xl  estate. 

Oochran.  Mrs.  William  I 

Andrew'n    I'rot<->taiit    K|>ise.,pal    Memorial    ' 
$40,000;  consecrated  Nov.  1. 


GIFTS  AND  BEQUESTS. 


fifor.  Me ,  . 


H     I"   iladelphla,  i 
MotiL  a  a»r..  *          --• 

t.,    Ar-l, 

Hi 


r.r    MTBM.   rhlU 

•r  the  •dMBtte  and  Mipuoft  of  darti          Plato,  JOB*,  BcMon,  b«if»  of,  fit*  to  Wi 

arr,  toeoMftao.000. 

Htc^Mr*  Bally  I./X.W 

•n._ 


'  nand 


C    | 


,  to  Wallace*  coiiao,* 


-•••;  and  fln.«n  and  Call  - 
.  Maaajiehaaatti  ln»mutaof  Teohnolo-     tt^Mk 

'.•.Aid        ITatotoT.  J.  mMBam.  fiSiSlinm.^  fcr  a  y«av 
'if.^l.  Maa^«iajSV 

I    M^.    ^^UlolWrity 

M..    -      Mtt57|     •    BB|    I.     I!    :    • 


.  ven«IU  Relief        Flaw.  B«v«U  P ,  New  York  citi 
National     llmpital.  fA/ 

^itSs^^N?;  iiIfe^Aiffi'^iSii? 

ne*ttoat,iltt,(XN>;  Mai.  t&MMO.  i;  A  .     .   , 


dvmrd  lit.!:1 

m  late.   «'l.,,.o,.  HI.,  gift  to  th. 

lime,  »:. 

o.  J*m«  C.  I'.r  .  boqoaalto 

ho  the  Divine,  New  York, 

!,!.  -'.     ! 

John  Hath.  N.  V  .  boqaaat  to  Home  for 


o  a 
rnnbm  of  the  B«con«i 

Oak  Qynav  Nortiiboro,  MMiLjM 


;   : ::. 


Blind  Men. 

• 

Oilbrr.  M*nka  ! 

to  Katlclit* 

•* 


Jaka  F.  N.  »  V-.rk  eity,  beqoarti  '     M 
nutation*,  ProCentanU  Konian  i'atbolie, 

ine  Arta,  for  purr  ban  of  modarn  |«aint- 
MB  Watu  ~.  far  ui  in- 

•  •  MatbodUl  ohurvh  t>uiMimr  in  ilu« 

I..I  .1  bow    Id  •  DM  UB  :.••'..:  \  •  •     •• 


Intnnary.  $Ut.t. . 
•n.t  li.rinnarr.  •KMMN);  to  otber    ' 


Oo«)d.  Balaa  MiUr 

UpOOeVl. 


Mm   larak  Bakm    s.  -    r«rk,fMkto 

^oboot  IbMdad  bj  bar  bntiaai.  a 

BaMaa  Ou  t«s«eM  to  YaW  Catlap  $TV 


Mam.,  haqoaata  to  Homo 

I.II.M    ali.l    MM      \:,,r:    nil     !'.        • 
• 

BE.  Homer  W  .  Montpalk  r.  \  t..  rfft  to  ll>. 
ft.  and  • 


EUabfth  T 

- 
a  4  other  inrtitutiona,  ftn, 


•Mdnr.  Okatka  t.  MoOt«r«.  *W^ •«  •» a  BWB- 

I  irmimaf  acbool,  |lS&^ol 

Hap-a^r    M  ^  >.  E,  .V-ria.  U^r  W-4.  fM 


Sfei^Jr0 " 


Haraar.  Edvard  B    N    -  Yoriu  N^M  to 
total,     IUU  and  Avion  And,  for  a  ko^lal  or 

r       • 


iJII-TS  AND   H 


•>  -  .  N-,  v  Y  .  ••-  .  ,-•  IB  n  ••"- 
ie  of  Lafayette  in  Prospect 
Park.  $ttgOOO,  and   to  6  in*- 
hisestata. 
Harrtsoa,  Caarlet  OU  Pnm*-  ni  \i-raity  of 

FtnMylvai) 

• 

Carolia*  T.,  jfifl  to  Chicago 
In  Bombay,  India,  on  the  relations  of  the 


N.JM  trill  to  < 

New  Ol  MEM,    i...  .    I    m  « 

.. .  ., .  -,  N  ,.:,. ,, 

Bsrroa.  John.  Indianapolis,  bequests  to  udunapoltt 
Art  A*«.oisiion  $*»,000,and  to  several  benevolent 


i  J  .  President  of  the  Great  Northern  Rail- 
way Company,  gift,  building  ami  end. .\\nn-nt  of 
rAlltln  Seminary,  near  >t.  Paul,  Minn.,  total  value. 


Re*.  BsfHM  A.,  1>    I'.  V  -A   V<>rk  city,  gift 

St.  I.llk.  •-  il..>|.ital.  *•_•".• 

B  an.l  Elisabeth  0.  Boston,  Man., 
fift  to  the  •  M.  a  lit  miry;  cost,  with 

.-•        •     :     * 

s  Hsary  Otaar.    See  OanvABiBp.  AMMM.  ur. 
.  Henry  EL.  PhUadelphia,beatMSl  to  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church,  Wiaaabiokon  Height*,  ground  and 
clturrh  buildm--.  *1«"',000. 
Habbard  William.  >ta'  M.,  bequest  to  Uni- 

<K). 

Mr*    EluaA.  V-«  York.  b.  .,„,  M  to  Hoard 
•";..•          •     v.   •       .  -•  i  :  -.-•    pal  <  liun  h,  I'hiladcl- 
phia.  $15,000. 

Hanlat  Anton,  Eaut  Orange,  N.  J  .,  bequests  to  hos- 
pital and  orphan  a»ylum.  each  $5,000. 
Ia«aIU.DaVida  -  N.  Y.,  bequests  to  Board 

M  >  .;;..:.     •  i        ,i. 

•iooa,  $160.000;  Board  of  Belief  for  Disabled  Min 

—  all  of  the  IV  lurch  ;  and  to  the 

If  en's  Christian  Association, 


bun'mrss  pn  .1  ..  •  rt  v 
Contestants  gained  $175,000  out 


Young  Men's  ( 
valued  at  $100,000. 
of  these  stum. 

hales.  Bamaal  New  Y-.rk  city,  bequests  to?  chari- 
table and  educational  institutions,  each  $5,000. 

Irwia.  Robert  N  .;t*l  Aujr.  13, 1892), 

bequests,  on  specific  contingencies,  t  k  Post- 

Graduate  School  and  Medical  Hospital,  $850,000;  to 
IS  benevolent  snd 

and  to  IS  others,  each  $5,000— in  all,  $445,000.  In 
December,  18M,  a  grandson,  who  had  bet  n  left 
$700,000,  and  was  a  minor  at  the  time  of  probate, 
bnrun  scon  test  of  the  clauses  contain!  n^  the  charitable 
beqaaxs,  in  which  the  beneficiary  institutions  joined 

New  York  city, 
P 


fe  K 


quest  to  Tufts 


$100100, ofwhlch  $75,000  most  be  used  for 

Baanal  estate  of,  gift  to  promote  edue 
Ubrark*,  and  moral  liter. 
srhools  oouide  of  Philadelphia.  $900.000. 

*•*,  Marti  t.  Now  York  city,  jrift  to  American 
ef^SScan  w4"'*1  Hblory' "» lnv«lu«ble  collection 
**hk  Manal  Trahdag  Beoool.  in  Boston,  jrift  from 
ftiendfarinstnictionof  children  of  Kustian 

Bslttmore,  irift  from  a 
owfi/MO 
gift  to   Woman's 

to  Cathedral  of  *.  &^&£%lX 


ciiurx'hcs  on  Long  Island,  each  $1,000;  an<i  : 
|K)liUti  Tin  .a  ruleasu  troni  nil  its 

him. 

Kserl,Mnt.  Thoma*.  Haiti  more,  bi>qu.,t  imi,,  i 
tunt  Kpi.H4-oi.nl  .1  vlaii.l.  *•• 

KeUmaa,  Mm.  Jane  E 

Deaconess  lionu-  and 
Mi-tlnHliM  K|>inro|>ul  Chun-h.  f'J". 
Kelly,  Eogene.  X  •  ••  obituun  in  •• 

.i-liu"  lor  l.M'ti.  .  ; 

brew  charities,  an  aggregate  of  $•- 

Keney.  Mrs.  Walter.  •    nn.,  beqnj^H 

Wntkin-oii  Kurn. 
Kenyon.  Whitman  W.,  an.l  Albro  J.  Newt. 

inif  nnd  ground  for  a  nt>w  homo. 
Kimball.  Motet.     8 

Know! ton,  Augnitot,  <  uaa^  beqoeel 

•••r  rldrriv  people,  his  estate,  \.ilu. .1  . 
x>0. 
Kurohardt.  Mn*.  0.  tt.  New  York  <  it 

opatblo  Medical  College  an 
pital.  ?1."'.' 

Laftm.  Thorny.  N.-w  ( >rlcan*,  bequests  for  a  ( 
a>\  luni  for  bo\-.  tl.r    r,.T.-liinan  < 
for  L'irls.  and  a  hom.-  f,,r  tin   . 

!  t .  j'.»,  1895 ;  cost,  $28,000 ;  also  a  n 
estate  yielding  $600  a  month  for  support  of  t! 

Lane.  Levi  C..  M.  !»..  San  1  • 

ll">l>ital;  <K-di.-at.d   .Ian. 

ooat,  * -jr.". 

Learnard.  William  E,  H<*ton,  IM-«|U«>! 
<•harital.lt-  in>titutions  and  t! 
an  airtrrc^atr  of  $16,000. 

Leavitt,  James  T..  N.-w  York.  1.. .. 
Orthopaedic      l)i-jH-n»arv     and     ll-'-pita!.     .\  i 
.   tin-    Ani.-ri.-an    llomi 
i  -rk.  .\!ncric:in    P.ililr 

*.'..ooo  ;    ;,!. 

Institute,  Hampton,  Va.,  for  scholarships,  $2". 

lion. 

Lewis,  Allen  0..  N.-w  York,  for  tin-  cst:. 
( 'hicutfo  of  an  institute  to  educate  t 

-.  his  whole  estate,  to  be  he-Id  til 
'.<KX). 
Lick.  James,  San  Kran.-isco  .died  Oct.   1,  187' 

iistrilmted  l>v  trustees  to  Acad. n 
and  Society  of  Caliroraia  Pi 

Lilly,  Ell  Indiaiiapoli*.   -ritt   for  a  lion,.-   i 
children    in    that    citv.    the     lionn->t.-a.; 
Walter  (J.  Ure-hain. 

Loomia.  Alfred.  M.  I'.  •  •- 

Lotsy,  Dr.  J«U P.,  director  of  tlx-  Ihr 

(Jarden-  in  Java,  trift  to  the  \V.. man's   ('-.llei." 

more,  Md.,  his  entire  herbarium  ofov.; 

250  bottled  specimens,  nuinerous  al.-oho! 

and  a  lanre  number  of  ro<-k  fi.. 

the  whole  representing  his  out-of-door  \v..r 

Do/hood 

Low,  Jodah  0.,  Newport,  R  I.,  bequest  U>  I '•  .1  \ 
In-tit  . 

Low.  Beth.  '\'  Columl>ia  Col 

the  trustees,  the  funds  necessary 
college  library  building  on  M- • 
The  library  w'ill  .  I  In  accoitUIH 

with  Preaidenl  I."\\v  in  hom.i 

inunifi<-eiiee.  the  trustees  estaldisl.' 

in  th.  Brooklyn   l-.y,  and  ! 

Krooklyn  L'  '  "-cd  to  esta 

annual  uni 

Mack.  Mrs.  Esther  C 
available,  to  Am.-rii-an 
and  for  an  industrial  school  in  Salcrn  her  residluH 

Mack,  William,  M   I-  ICam,  b^r. 

American   t'nitar. 

Fraternity, the  revcrvion  of  $20,000;  and 
stituto  and  Salem  Fraternity,  his  r 

McKean.  Thomas.  Philadelphia,  gifls  to  UniveraHpT 
of  rciiu>\  Ivauia,  $100,000. 


GIFTS  AND  BEQUESTS. 

<**»•.  H,M.  «*,. 


4*  MU.  Mary    v  *  Wk.  baqna*  to  Metro.    CburohV UM 


,UoM   10 

-      M  |bl|     -..,.,      • 

York.  baqoa*  for  charitable 

-UU,.    v^u 


•aVaam  M*r  JIM*. *ift> k>  Calholk  r  luveraitjr  of       Nfaajaj,  Mr*  fmlhi  E,  Brootltb 

«Op«7;a«ttaMiOall1     Ix*«    Uland    <UI^   Ik!^  •  £LM?1£ 

*      ••   ..    ,  ,. 

•«.•••••.>  v  Y«rk.flft  toifel'nlvmhw       1^  AtoA.Mlart*^eiTfift TXIaHy.fcr 

c»r« 


Ipbia 

nimvnu  of  nla  wn,  the  Utr  Jamoi  A.  Haifa, 
Jn  Brooklyn,  S.  V  ,  beqoeata  to  local 


A    l>  1»      k- 

far  Cartmk  Inrulid.  .-ifo 

^i^^fyy  JMMii^  ftixxMiaMffHi*^^  ^g^i  Mfiffftft.  EaiwIflL 

•aval  H  :7  .  '  U»f«.  Sprinfffleld  aluiun*        F 

r.*»ft.  r-.r  .11  -i  >wmcnt  :   :.  i.  e     000 

V,  baqoaato  to       II  i  All*.  WHam.  Oranc*  Ctoy. 
^n    Bible    !..».. 

Bodtdtflar.  JaW  D,  New  Tort.  fUb  la  CM^i 


of  that  Church  her 

»,ooo.    U oder  the  act    OOP  baiMM  payaUa  to  Paeaartur.  I*M.  Mr  t^aai  «T 

like  amooni,  making  hu  fllb  to  law  laitiia 


MMDOIKto      TMTylOWD, 


'    1..  «n.l         1MB,  OHliM  Bl«aw.  y    -  «  V-  ri.  tfifU  u»  U^ 

Rtut    Dhrid«*,   1V.U.U.  UML,  b^Mrt  to  T^b 
" 
Rockefeller,  and        lL  UkVi  Ba^ttal  MW,  S  .  «  Yorii.fUbftHi 


taQ.  LmNtt,  Brooklln.,  Mam.  U^M  to 

• 

liMahi  to  the  Am*\tn  Batfta  Mk«£ 


fp»fn  w<»in«-n  <>t 

IUn.nl 

hate 

ft,  ISA),  btq 

,.  Boeton. IIOOUOOO;  AMttoM  Bii|IH  lla 

,     MUonanr  _  Society.  New   tortu  flww:  JJ-i^ 


>  ti.  u  marble  altar, 

r^itx  at 
hi  r  rc«iiluarv 


....     ....  ...         ....... 

-.table  S.  MM» 

and   < 
bio.  baqoaat  to    Kim  and  Uran,  1U,<;. 

«rrK  «IMAf4, 
in  mabytWin  ••  r.  •OT^ 


•    •- 
./ 


irwrBaH- 

r  a  anol<yical  ffanl 

M    thr 

igton.  Conn,,  a    library,  dedicated 

:b» 


*l,   IMw.  iiitimMilW  rt»»«a»  fifti 

Aaa   New  ToHub^wato  to  I  u  nilii 

• 

•«*,  Iwo^MalB  Aw  a 
for  tarna- 

v.  -' 

ra.  r*  iaf«tw  \.  .  Yc«fc.ciA  t»  «^ol«m 
«aH«d  Ubrarr  of  SWuil.  State. 
«l  War  R««mKattio^e«olUe^o»lbr 

-  ,  ...      •  .          .......  . 

-  •     t-    ••.  -     f;  .,-;,- 


>hU,  cif\    tn  the        JMjaja,  Saraa  Aw.  ' 
ania,  a  l«u>r.. 

M  endowment  for 

I     !> 

V         )M^III.  « 

*   '   ,.,.   .:,:.    ,: 
ind  Brooklyn  ltu>titut 


:• 


9   ,\NI»   BEQUESTS. 


i   0.  Chairman 

for  a  collar*  building  on  the 
g^^!y~ll^  HM  Wool 

^K.nt'iM     »     ' 

T1K  Ste  Burt-  -^  ••'  -  !•"'•')•; 

...  ...  .    ,-.  ;  Jvlj    ::.  :-•,:,; 

•sMisa!  Edward  F  .  (in-at  Itarrintrton.  Ma**.,  ffifli*  to 
ihr  town,  llirvr  Inr  public  park, 

a  )•,)  ,  und.  utiil  an  athletic  field. 

Sbadd.  WUHa.  OraDOOfb  Thayer  k   (ace 

obituar  \  initial  «; 

.    •  \          •  •.  •    -  '..•_•<   librai \  - 

•btaNrihe  William  E.  I'hdad.  ipi.-.a.  -ift  t--  the 
Fir*  Mcthodirt  Episcopal  Church  in  i.crmantown. 
p 

flhmaa.  Jeaaia.  Chicopee,  Ma**.,  bcquerts  to  t 
a  home  for  working  g\r\*  or  old  women,  and  to  12 
heoevokct  institution*,  an  aggregate  of  $10,800. 

:•     T  K  W.  Mount  < -arroll.  111.,  tfift  to  the 


fi«r   a 


training' 


University  of  Chicago, 
the  property  of  the  Mount  Carroll  Female  Seminary 
ami  an  endowment  of  9160,000,  total  value  $250,000. 
Slat  Braesoa  Library,  \N  at.  rl.ury.  r.,nn..  ,/;• 
a  collection   of  00   miner:.; 

from  the  WoritTn  Columbian  Exposition. 
Horace  B.  M.   !>..  C..II.K-.  N.  \  ..  tritt  to- 
a  new   Prvabyterian   church    building  there, 


r.  William.  Holyoke,  Ma**.,  irift  to  NorthflcM 
ri  $86,000. 

Ooaae,  Mr.  and  Mr..  William  D.,  New  York,  joint 
ITiA  to  the  Sloane  Maternity  I !  an  ad.lition, 

$j»0,000.  Mr*.  Sloane -endowed  the  original  build- 
ing with  $250,000,  and  has  promised  to  meet  all  the 
•BMOMaof  tin-  institution  duriinr  her  lifetime. 

anaa,  Mn.  William  D     Mr-.  H  T.  Auchmuty.  Mrs. 
Isaac  Bell.  William  0.  Schermerhorn.  Morris  K.  Jesup.  and 
othcra,  New  York,  irift.  a  home  tor  c-onsumptives  in 
•KM). 

••Hh.  AgBH  E.  Boston,  Mas*.,  bequest*  to  Home  for 

•«.  $10,000:   tritttees  of  Dotiati 
Kectory,  $10,000 ;  and  two  relief  societies,  each  $1,500. 

••Mb  as**,  of  lUaaachuaetta,  jritt  to  Wilbraham 
\  ..          ••...••  ..-   ••  .  $M, 

Bmita.  Mr*.  Hekise  0.,  West  Cheater,  Pa.,  bequest* 
to  the  Protestant  Kpineopal «  ity  Muwion,  her  country 
awl  valued  at  $100^000,  with  a  cash  endowment. 

MO,  Mr*.  James  W..  I'.P.  .  -ifl  to  South 

4*hird  Street  Industrie 


-Th.nl  St 

8sifttk,llakara,  Philadelphia,  -w  available, 

and  maintenance  in  Pairmount  i'ark 


...         ... 


rial  of  distitii:ui-' 


of  Philadelphia  who  took  part  in  the  civil  war.  and 
also  a  pUybonM  and  ground*  for  children,  his  emir.- 
eaUtr,  estimated  at  over  $1.000,000. 
flsritk,  Babajtiai  B.,  D.  D.    See  OBITLARIM,  AMKR- 

IsiWrWflli  .'htor  of  the  late  Horace  F. 

Clarfc.  beqiMMt  to  \V  .Miams  College,  $90,000. 
BpaJAag.  EdwanL  M   !».,  Naahua.  N.  H.,  beque*t*  to 
.    \rnei  canB  *rd,  ?:.  ......  : 

Asnericin    Hksionary    Aawiciation    of   New    York, 
•MOO;   Hew  lla 
.  \ 

*».000;   and  Fin«t  Con- 
<'l.nn-h.  Nwhua,  $1,000;  total,  $30,000. 

OMML  New  i  ork,  bcoucnta  in  reversion 
benevolent  iiMitutiona,  an  aggregate  of 

•  Oawp  M..  Watertown,  Ma*..,  gia  t- 

H.  an  onran,  value  $' 

SM  fcssily  H  .'..i,..,.  N..1..  tria  toward  a  build- 
Bjisj  public  library  and  a  manual  training 


New  York,  bcqoert  to  the  town  of 
N    M  ^?*  «v«'l«ble.  $40/X». 
MJK  Btakath  H,  Chicairo,     ift  to  the 


Stone.  David  M.    See  " 
Btranahan.  Mrs.  James  ST..  r,.....klx- 
to  the  University  of  Michigan,  to  found  schoi.. 

M..  •  •  • '\\vgc. 

'•0. 

w  ten.  Richanl 
Public  l.ibrarv.  buildn 
an  old  ladio'  home,  his  nsideiice  prop. 

Sutro.  Adnl; 

the  l'i.  <  'alil'ornia. 

limit.-,  on  \\hi.-h   to  ,i,.-t    buildings   t«r  the  un^^^H 

-      of    th«-      li!  .Illd      t«»      till 

j-'inin.-  as  a  sit. 

tare    volumes,    for    whidi     i 

Ml    \allle     01 

alxnit    ^  1  ..VM i.ooo.   and    when   the   impr. 

library     building     are     finish..!    it    will     be^^^H 

Syracuse  University,  Lrit't  from  a  fri<  id 
Taylor.  Henry  Augustus,  Milt»r.i. 
town,  a  library  building. 

Thorn.  Jol.  TabenjjH 

1  ( 'hur.-h.  I'ti.-a.  ^-JO.IHMI  ;   II  ,  \|,.|j. 

'_•;  and   I'M. 

lii^^H 

ntioii.    Baptist    1'ublieatioii    -  ''   ^VJ 

York  State  IJaptUt   K<lu«-atiolial  So,-iety.  each  H^H 
total,  $•;•'. In    life    he    i.^    beli.  LMVeO 

>'K).000  to  charitable  and  educational  ioattN 
ti"tjx  in  I  ' 


ome.     onaan,  ro., 

grandchildren  <>f.  ><-li<>.>i  building  with  public  hfll 
and  library,  cost  $100,000. 

Townsend.  Amos.  Clcvfhtnd,  Ohio.  i,,,,n.  -N  to  lo«lj 
rit  •     |  ;  and  to  Lakeside  lloepitol,  hb  n^H 


uarv  i-Matt-  .^tiiuatrd  at  $40,000. 

Turner,  Mr>.  Mary  B..  B..M..,,.  M;.-..  l-qucnU  « 
benevolent  inMitutioii*  in   lioMon  mid    !. 

fate  <>f  *•'•.<»"':  and  to  Uaasach  duetts  GenJ 

ll,   HOIIH-    '  ';]•!.-.    II' 

Men.  II'Hiii-   t'.T  A_'.  •!  Women,  and    K  ind.TLrarteH  T 
tin-  Blind,  her  n-i-i-iiiary  c-t:it<-.  in  c.|U:d  Mh;n 

Tuskegee  .Ala.    Normal  Institute,  ^itt    from  ftwj 
for  a  chapel,  $l-j,000. 

Tuttle,  Mrs.  Sarah.  Hartford.  Conn,  licnuetto  to 

Old    IV.,  ].!.-•>    llomi-,  $l«i.  ......  ;    I.:ina!'«    Hind,  $<^ 

Hartford  ll<.>pital.  >   .  ......  :   Hartford  orphan  A«jM 

$5.000:  other  institutions,  * 

UnderhiU.  Mi>.  Elixabeth  B..  N,-w  York 

.  liur.-h  an  . 

be  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the   rp-ti-tanl  K; 
Church.  *7 

Union  College,  S«-henc-,-tady.  V  V.  \\ 
of.  trift.  funds  for  a  new  dormitory. 

University  of  Michigan,  trifi-  for  a  won 
MUIII.  from  'J  of  the  Ngentft,  $85,000;  and  froftil^^ 

University  of  Pennsylvania,  (rift*  f-n  t 
an   apartnu-nt    in    tin:    new    dormitory    nvuli-ii 
Charles  C.  Harrison.  Alfn-d  <      i! 
Dolan.  -d.-rer.  William    M.  - 

Iluirh  Crui»f,  Jr.,  Alice  h.  Craiff.  ThomoH  M 

Killer,   .1.    I  Ui.-hard    I 

MiatCB    I'.lan.-hard   •  •_'  .  imd    Hatfield,  Burnhai 
liain-  ."00. 

University  of  the  City  of  Hew  York,  (.'it  t  : 

.1    central    biuldif: 

The   budding  will  coiii1 
commeii.-.-iiient  hall,  and  admini- 
\vill  c. 

Vanderbilt.  Oomelins,  Frederick  K..   George  V. 
William  K  .  .  joint  trift  : 

and  i! 
York  cit\.  f..r  additions  to  buildings,  ?:;.'.' 

Vanderbilt.  Mrs.  Frederick  W 

operating  room  in   Newport  (K.   I.)  Hospital,  $5,00 
BUpplementin_'  a  form 

Yoorhees.  Peter  L  Y  .(..  K<  M,ie.st*  to^^H 

|  ;  ,r,oo  ;  and  ' 
Cooper  llotfpital,  conditionally,  $20,000. 


vr  nun  ii 


Bam  W.,  Bflnon,  rift  u>  the 


.    •  •  -  . 

e  of   Bavaria,   atxl 


-;  MM  t  •"•  tor  I lod 


M    i; 

•i  baa  waived  her  righu, 

...-.•••       .    .  •  >      •    >     . 

•       ••      . 
•      ...• 


.adingsandleo. 
Rear?   .n.l    Mr    an. I    Mm. 
Mseopal    Bishop  of  \ 


gift    from    a 


••ehol.iv 
Man*  .  MCOCM!  .  <  •int.ri.lj 


«  waow.  to  it 


W     .  umbridM,  llaM^ 
oodllional,  t     !./>  •  ..;!,-,..  l..-«iM..,,.  M,  , 

(ghHothtOoaftiftti  ii.,    \./    •'..    -     . 
widue  in  n«vei»lon  to  the  American  Board. 

U    l»r.  E  R.  1'lulu.l.  -l'l.:a,  „•;:•.  UJ   I   !:.. 

loot,  •  aeiaooe  hall,  coat,  with  equipment, 
m.  Binon.  Now  V..rk   (died  July  80,  18W). 


.t.  Joam.  l'hiU,!,-l,,bi«,  beque«t»  to  the  ilatar- 
uaiiinwu  Hospital,  atui  Howard  1U»- 

bequert  to  Manhattan 
^^•tory.a  luiv,-  n- 
•• 
Twaf  M-aV  Obfctfca  Aamtatkn 

anl  »  l.u.. 

ntrml   1'ar-  the  comple- 

ttoa  ..i  u-1.1.  -I  to  the 

a«w  amoaiitinf  to  $u 
teOoc 

H*drfr,  rt-al  rnUtf.  \  a! 

r  •  new  rbancrl 
•.>n«n«;uniii«io,tdO,000;  ttr>t 


\  i  1:1:1  1  \i\  \MHI:I  I  \M». 

. 

•Om-h  i  h«»  Kingdoms 
no.i  u:,  :<i  thePrindiMi: 


Krjti-h  Hi; 

.  Krnprrat 
•:«.).  daiiKl,-. 

omth  ton  of  OeorRC  Ml.   f 

ieacended  from  a  Margrare 

,ry.  who  married  tbe 

'ount  of  Al(«l»rf(  near  Re- 


afterward 

llukr,  „(    * 

•ifUM  lejSjfl       Vrti^    in  gin*    wkt.  mm* 
•HNW  icow.      r»rn»*  »ugu*«,  wnn  wmf 

t  was  crowned 

OfOtOTfi  Itn   17H       \      •    r  ..^  «...    |ftl 

*line.    Tl 

Ifnsnv 

*ndre. 

Princess  of  Denmark,    firurge.  (take  of 
the  on  I)  I. 

•  loria,  daughter  of  the  (take  of 

christened  AH-  n  l>l*anl. 

dorn  ana,  except  so  far  as  b  delegated  to  the 
:  i  klbfj  .v...    ,„•!    r,-       '  •  • 
Km  Dire  b  vested  in  iim  Pariisjnenl   wbirh      *t 
aiste  of  tbe  Home  of  Ixml.  and  the  House  of 

«•»..:.,!,.        I      •   :      ,,r.- -      '   '  .         ' 

bishops  of  ancient  sees:  tbe  brads  bir  rigs*  of 
pnmop-Miiurv  of  the  noble  houses  of  I 
r,.t  hritain.  and  of  the  United  b! 
ami  pears  created  by  the  sovereign,  of 
there  are  altogether  494  over  twenty-oil 

mriit  from  among  86;  and  98 
M   Irish  peers  elect 


peer*  The 

Hooea  of  Commons  has  <S7O  mn. 
the  rrgMered  electort  of  oonntiea,  boroafha,  aad 

„:.,-.,,.    >.:.*        !:.         .-.',.     ,    .  . 

every  householder  or  lodger  b  now  a 
and  16  Iri»h  t->roogh 


Met 

Tli.  'lunation  of  Parliament,  nnless  it 
oosly  dissolved,  b  seven  years,  Tbe 
power  b  exercised  in  the  name  of  tbe 
br  a  conn-.  ninblers,  v/host  tmar*  of 

office  depends  upon  their  retaining  tbe  •wfpori 
•nfldence  of  a  maj  ust  of 

Commons,  ami  thai  beinf  able  to  initiate  and 

for  each  annual  session  b  set  forth  in  brief  and 
grncral  terms  in  tbe  royal  add  ream.  When 
defection  of  former  supporters  and 
t  he  successes  of  tbe  opposite  part  y  in  by  s*ea 
tions  n  minbtry  inds  itself  in  Vmlnorlty  on  n 

•:.;   '       ^ 

t  he  House,  riarliament  b  prorogwaQ.  MM 
irnment  appeals  to  tbe  count  ry  by  ben- 
reclamation  of  dbsolation  and  writs  for 

•        -..        -...      j-  N.  .        -      .;,  , 

smd  for  tbe  lending  etatessaan  of 
form  a 
take  over  tbe  seab  of  office  end 

pire.    If  heaxceots^unkss  bebsureofthemp- 


ottfaal 


ign  t. 


lhe  opposite  party,  who  b 
new  Cabinet  to  taki 


\T    HKITAIN    AND    IRELAND, 


port  of  Parliament  in  ih,  is  pre- 

MU*d  u>  inaugurate,  he  also  dissolves  Parliament 

.»os  to  be  held  throughout 

lorn. 

IIM(  amumed  office  on  An 
|8Ki.ati  i hi*  r.  Milt  of  the  general  dc.  • 
MOlcd  a  coalition  of  (iladstonian  Liberal-  and 
Irish  Home  Kulcr*.  and  was  pledged  to  intro- 
duce  Irish  self-fovernment.    This  ministry,  as 
reooott Vnnt nit  111  —  th<    n -tin-mem  <>f  Mr.  Glad- 
stone in  the  beginning  of  Man  <  <>m- 
I'r  im<    Minis!. -r.  Ku>t   Lord  of 
the  Treasury,  an<i  I'r. -i  l.'ni  of  the  Council,  the 
Karl  of  Kosebery;  l/.nl  Eiich  Chancellor, 
•oil  :  Chancellor  of   the    Kxchequi 
Willi.v                  i   Ilarvniir:                              State 

I  In-    Karl    of    Kimi 

l*.nl  Privy  Seal  and  Chancellor  of  the  D.i.-hy 
of  Uttcaster.  Lord  Tweedmouth;  Secretary  of 
Slate  for  India.  II am  11.  !•'.•« 
Stale  for  the  Home  Depart  in.  -nt,  Herbert  II. 
Asqaith;  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies, 
i  of  EUpoo;  Secretary  of  State  for 
War.  II.  rampU'll-Ilanncrman  ;  Kirst  Lord  of 
::mnilty.  Karl  S|M-ncer:  Chiof  Secretary  to 
the  I/ord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland*  John  Morley; 
Prudent  of  the  Hoard  of  Trade,  James  Bryce ; 
President  of  the  Local  Government  Board,  G.  J. 
Shaw-Leferre;  Secretary  for  Scot  land,  SirGeonre 
Otto  Trevelyan  ;  Postma  .1,  Arnold 

Moriey ;  Vice-President  of  the  Council  on  K-lu- 
B,  A.  II.  I>vk«-  Aclan.l. 

.1    and    I'onnlation.— Kndnnd   has    an 
ana  of  50.867,  Wale*  1 1 . 

Und  82^88,  the  Isle  of  Man  -J-J7.  and  tli.-Chan- 
mds  75  square  miles :  total  United  Kin<;- 
nom.  190J979  Sfiuan-   mil.-;    Kn^laml,  on   April 
5.  1801.  had    'JTJ^U'.MI    inhah.t.,: ,-,.    1 :;.-. \,\n>> 
l  Mirj.iKS  finales;  Wales  had  1  .:»!!».- 
inhabitant^    761,409    males    and     7 

:  <r..»;47  inhaliitanta, 
1,048.717  males  and  2.082,030  females;  Ireland 
had  4  :  -.'.»:.:{  n.al.-  :.nd 

2^85,707  females ;  and  there  were  55,608  inhab- 
itants in  the  Isle  of  Man,  02,234  in  the  Channel 
Islands,  and  224.21 1  -oldi.-rs  and  sailors  abroad  ; 
total  noptil  !  Kingdom,  38,- 

:  tie  estimated  population  of  Kn^lund 

llan.l, 
4,1S4,«1 ;  of  Ireland,  4.5i»: 

The  population  of  the  throe  kingdoms,  count- 
ing for  Kngland  persons  above  the  age  of  ten 
ream  only,  was  divided  in  1801,  in  respect  to 
occupation  and  means  of  living,  as  follows : 


:.        •!'. 

•  :  ;:, 


•M.1M 

•         - 
•••    - 


•• 


M»,1f4 

180,101 


i:  .  || 


6M.4IO 
114^41 

v.'.MU 


-rtimatH  nopulation  of  the  large  towns 
of  KnKUnd  and  Wal«  in  1804  was  as  follows: 

••swtration  .i:-T,r  .  >,.,„. 

.,ing- 
kam,4»t30l:Ix*K88§.?. 

-:   I'.radford, 
ttingham,  223^4;  Kingston-upon^ 


Hull.  212,079;  Salf.  - 

'l.'.'i;  -  ..Hand  has 

:  10,000  .uhal'ilaiil-  :    (.; 

686,820:  K.linl.:.  -  ;  Dun 

Inland  has  2:  Belfast,  255,950:   hul.lii. 
001 

Tin-  number  of  inarriiim-s  in  l^n-land  in  1808 
was  218,251  :  of  bin  Ms  «M  u^1.'  ; 

xcessof  births,  344/J(i'.      In  - 

niimlii  r  <>f  marriages  was  27,090  :  of  liirths.  1SB 

nju;  ,,f  .1.  atli-.  7'.».<;i: 
In  Ireland  tin-  numbrr  of  marriages  was  L' 
of  births  HM;.O:;I  ;  of  d.-ath>.  - 
births.  23,200. 

lotal   nninbrr  «  •:   • 

the   I'nitrd    Ki  up  loin    was    227.17!'.    in. 
Of    the    total    rmiu'iat  i"ii.    i 

lit       to      til."       I'll. 

British  Amn-ica,  ll.lSo  to  An-irala 

.  othrr  distillations.  Tin-  I'.rili-' 
Irish  eini^rants  in  !*!»!  nuinlM-rrd  1 
which  was  52,008  fewer  than  in  l^.»::.  «  M 
100,663  were  English,  U.v!i:;  h,  and 


The  Army.  —  Tin-  j.eaee  establishment   of  the 
regular  army,  according  l«>  the  estimate 

f.-r  the  fear  ending  Man-h  :;i.  ; 

Officers  of  the  general  staff,  :{:{2.  wn 

ants;  accountants,  209;  chaplains,  87;  sui^^H 

\.terinarians,   76;    cavalry,  558  oil 
i.:i?i  Donoommissioned  odieers.  a'nd  u.:wj 
and   file;  royal  artii: 
commissioned  oflieers,  and 
royal  engineers,  588  oili.  •.  -r-,    l/j-j'J  non.-. 
sioned  officers,  and  ~*A\->  rank  and  lilt-:  i;. 
u'>17   officers,  tt,659   noncommi->ioni  ••!    - 
and    79,295  rank   and    file;    colonial  mr, 
officers.     :!7'J     noncommissioned     officer-. 
4.695  rank  and  file;  departmental  corps 
ficers,  1,299  noncommissioned  officer 
rank  and  file:  army  service  corps 
920  noncommissioned  officers,  and 
and  file:  staff  of  yeomanry,  militia,  and 
teers,  600  officers,  6,199  noncommi- 
cers,  and  10  rank  and   file;  instruction   ii 
ncry  and  musketry,  35  officers,  100  nom- 
sioiie«l    officers,    and    J(N    rank    and 
Military   Academy,  at    Woolwich.  :',(»  olli 
nonconimissioned'officcrs.  and   Is  rank  .T 

other  colleges   and    schools:'.!*    offir, 

commission.  -I  officers,  and  1  rank  and  fil> 
mental  schools,  14  officers  and  }*'•'•  n-.n. 
sioned  officers:  other  establishments,  00  oi 

i.coniinissi,  ,n,.,I   ,,fli,.rrs  and   :','»   rank  and 
file;  total  army.  7.400  officers.  20.'1-" 

n-'d    officer>.  ami     rJ7.1'!2    ra: 
Tin-  infantry  consists  of  :{  rc-immts  of  • 
divided  Into  7  battalions,  each  reiriinent 
its  depot;    69  battalions  ,,f    t|,,.    lm,..   v 
I   20  battalions  stationed    in 
Africa.    Canada.     Bermuda,    the     \\ 
Malta.  Gibraltar.  Hon.u'-  K"iii:.  SiiiL'ai 
and    1  ii    i-   the    I 

rifle  o|  '-aliber.  with  a  <; 

able  magazine  holding  H  c.trtrid_'c-.     T' 
airy  forces  arc  3  ^iiard  regiments  of  cniraasieM 

"f  8  troops:   17  re-iinents  of  the  lii. 
11  depots  and  1  battalion  in  K-ypt.  1  ii. 
and  !»  in  tlie  Indies.   The  wi-ap-.n  i-  tip-  Martini- 
M«-iford  carbine.     The  yeomanry  nunil" 
697  men,  organized   since  April",   IW>.  in   194 


GREAT  BR11  I)  IRKLAM* 


. 


ona.    The  artillery  comprises  90  batteries 

I 


I  depOtS.    '1  -  ll*i»U  Of  I 

>untod  i««iUTit*»  and  nnmla>loadtae?  moon* 

Karh  battery  consists  of  6  nicer*. 

fineers  comprise  8  companies  of  field  and 

1  rniiiiianiea,  MK! 

*tn.".  i.f  tfunryor*.  with   17  depot 
•  -om  panic*  <>f  »ubinu: 

I    1    I  nit  I  a  ill  >li  of 
-.  an.l  I 

•i  n  -l-i-i.     The  number  of  horses 
ojtimatee  waa  14AM.     1 


ii  Bngiand  and  W  aim,  8,680  in  Scotland. 

•  --I  in 

">.  and  MI  the  colon  i« 
•  rvtfulnr  forces,  borne  an 

the  army  reserve,  80.559  ;  militia,  186JW3  ;  veo- 

•81  The  regular  British  tr.M.|«  drafted  into  the 

^^^•larti 

pillar  Mnti-h  troops  665,508. 

•Is  f«-r  tin-  trainnu'  .  -f  ofllcens  the 
Academy,    at    \V,- 
-•nff  Colics 

I    hur»:  icntii'iml   in-tiiuf  i.-i^ 

.    a»liiiu     aici    !;•  rinal    M'hool, 
n    Military   S-h.«.|.  nt 
^^^K»  the  depart  IK 

militar\ 
I  and  «rhooU  and  libraries  for  tne  nrHaon- 

Mriti-h 

^^•arr  from  IW.mm  to  ftl.OOO.     A»-   /    1  ;.'««• 
mm    arc    tr»n-f>  rn-d    annually   to    the    army 

ridfre,  field  marshal 

t  manditic  th.-  l'.rr:-!i  ivninwM  Pttirad  ii,   \:; 
(raat  in  -i  -i-s.  and  his 

^^Hrate  anUuronutt.  Fiel<l-  Marshal    \  iscount 
i  be  foremort  champion  of  military 

L^L^Lv*  wa*  *' 

••  ream  that  he  was  commander  in  chief 

teen'a  cousin  WM  the  object  of  incessant 

I  radical  attacks  as  an  exponent  of    the  royal 

in  1856  at 
fnilure 

•i  War.  and  l« 
.  of  an  aiiimr  . 

•  n  and  the  chiefs  «.f  the  War 
••sin-d  thi-  • 

i  and 

n   I'ruwian  mode).  i<> 

mutrht.  the  Queen's 
-Iseler  assuuu.l 

-The  British  navy 

JT  '-r.unt!!.-  if  thi*  naval* 
- 

•  w  c?n  1880 
>DO  that  can  steam  15j  kn.  u-  an  hour  or 


4880  tons  of  older  tvpe 

effective  fc^  MMCwWff^^^M 

if  . 

•  tth   fr.-m 

inches  of  side  armor,  and  am  •»..  88-. 

Z+H*!***-  **•! 


i':  '  .:'    -  :,  ' 

power,  ^t^i'iic  a  apeaQ  of  17*o 

•n   gun*   in   barbrtte  batt 

auxiliary  arum:. 


•      - 

• 
i  • 

.••.-.-   .• 

h.  HI  6-poundrr. 
7  tor- 


thb  claw  that  rarrir.  h-  .in 

(a.    The  8  other  new  ftrmor  rU«i. 

"  Mid  -llarflrar-i  arr  lighter  and  More 
mobile,  having  only  If  inches  of  armor  and  * 

• 

•MJM  poirardmsofi  mm  Id  IM  b   •-     "f 

•  i  ships  completed  to  1881  aad  I8M.8 

1  -Tmfaltfar-|...f  11JMO  too*,  hav- 

ing 80  inches  of  armor  over  the  rtul  parts. 

K*uns  and  a  aeoondanr  baiirrr 

of  4    ;  t»,drr.   and   8  it*«nder 

funs.  and  the  thin! 

indicating  12,000  bone   ower,  carria*  8  1 


guns,  1  fcMon  gun.  18  5-lon  gun*,  and  If  6- 
pounder  and  9  Vpoonder  quick-firer*.  MM!  has 
engines  of  14.000  boras  power.    Theas  have  a 
7  knot*,  and  Ihe4  barbette 
•*5  (- Beobow." 

-inch  armor,  develop  the  same  speed  with 
s  of  11.500  horse  power,  while  they  earrr 
an  armament  of  4  67-ton  and  6  5-ton  gur.  • 
19  quick  flrers,  and  are  fitted  with  tubes  far  dis» 
chaorinu  •"»  t.-rj-  d.-  ».  1  less  than  the  visas  hi  last 
mentioned.  This  standanl  of  speed  waa  filed 
by  a  vessel  of  similar  type  r  Rodney  "K  whose 
main  armament  consists  of  1  69- ton  and  S 

-.    Two  turret  ship*  <  -  Kdmfc 
and  "  ColoNius  '\  of  9.480  tons,  having  18  : 
of  arm..r  and  an  armamrnt   i  iinsJStlBaTOf  4  45- 
aid  5  5-ton  guns  and  14  qeJefc  Irers.  de- 
Taloped  a  speed  .  t*.  the  rm* 

and    |>n  *l    T 

launchc.1    in    lw*l.     Ii 
•kto    that    was   neit    built 
9.500  tons,  having  the  MUM 
and  the  same  armament,  wars 
9/iOO  horse  power.  «uh  «hk*  tl 

was  fir>t  reached.  These  4 
rather  within  the  second  ernes  of  aaaadma]  8fla> 
ing  shii«  than  within  the  flr*t,  to  which  bekejgaa 
moW  recent  lurr 

carrie*  8  45-ton  gun*  and  a  powerful 

,rv  armament,  and  make*  1*5  knot*  an 

there  are  4  older  re-eels  counted  in  the 

*•  the 

.hip,  laur.  TA.  and 

armed  «nh  4  3Mon  and  4  l»^on  guns . 

rradnauirl 

.'  r  Superb  "and  -  Ateiandra  ~>  carry 
U     BJ    :    v:  :    n    |j  M    •  •        ••-.:.•-- 

Md  Unit  at  thcMim,  Infle*- 

«0  tons,  with  plates  94  >r»ohe 
and  4  80-ton  gun*,  is  now  accounted  tno  alow 
and  unwieldy  for  fleet  purposes,  and  is  not  even 


GREAT    IIKIT.MN    AND    IKKI.ANP. 


»  prisw7res- 

'*   nu.l    "  Sultan  "i 


placed  in  the  third  Haw,  » 
HaT*   "f    «»«»«'»»    ("Hercules 

ral  batten-  »md  "» 

•>h."   "Devastation." 
••  "  J          -     "         "  • 


.    .ind"  Neptune  fanned 
:s-. ».,»-.  or  It  -.     There  are  17 

jirmor  olads  classed  as  efficient  for  coast 
defen*.  <-f  «hi« 

-Invin.-ibl.-."  "Ir .n    I 

umph.   "  It  -'id    "Orion")    have    their 

lisposed  in  a  central  liattcrv.  and  !•  r  H<>t- 
rjorgon," 

H\dta,"    "InnVvible."    "Agamemnon." 
rv  t  heir  heavy  guns,  mostly  25-, 
20-.  or  18-ton,  in  closed  turrets. 

A  new  programme  of  const  nut  ion  was  begun 
upon  as  soon  at  the  old  was  c<>m  pi  ei,- 1.  The  first 
TOSill  laid  .-inch,..!  in  May. 

18B5.  isan  impr  WOO,"  with  the  same 

.•     .          • .  •    .  -y    •  ..  \  inaaged  and  bett.-r 
protected ;  she  has  a  displacement  of : 
engines  of  10.000  horse  power,  is  calculated  to 
steam  17  knots,  and  is  fitted  with  5  torped< 
ton  of  new  design.   The  iir>t  r  Magnificent11)  of 
a  class  of  colossal  battle  ships,  of  14,900  tons  dis- 
placement, was  launched  in  1894;  a  sister  ship 
("Jupiter")  was  launched  on  Nov.  18,  1895,  and 

7  others ("  Majestic.    -  Prince  George,"  ••  Cicsar,11 
-Hannibal.  "Illustrious,"   and 
"liars**) are  building.    They  will  have  engines 
of    u.iNMi  horxe  power,  capable  of  making  18 
knots,  and  will  IM-  armed  with  4  12-inch  guns  in 
barbettes  and  12  6-inch  and  28  smaller  quick- 

suns.  and  have  5  torpedo  ejectors. 

.  •  the  i  mMi  ban  ad  '.» ftnt-olaMdeok- 
proUcted  cruisers  were  built,  5  ("  Edgar,"  ••  Kn- 
dvmion."  -  Hawke."  "  Grafton,"  and  "Theseus"), 
of  7,850,  ai  -cent,11 

" St.  George,"  and  ••  (Jibraltar  "),  of  7,700  tons, 
all  equipped  with  engines  of  12,000  horse  power, 
capable  of  steaming  19}  or  20  knots  an  hour, 

<-oal  space  for  long  cruises  and  an  arma- 
ment of  222- ti  |  '-.'li-inch.  126-pounder, 
and  5  8-pound- r  <juick-firing  guns,  except  the 
-  lioyal  Arthur,"  which  carries  only  1  heavy  gun. 
Two  older  cruisers  ("  Blake"  and  "  Blenheim  '  i. 
of  9.000  tons,  have  engines  of  20,000  horse  power 
and  a  nominal  speed  of  28  knots.  Seven  belted 
cruiser*  laiji.ch.-,i  ...  l^n»,,,l  1887, of  5,600 tons 
and  a  nominal  speed  of  lst  knots  r  Undaunted." 
"Aurora."  "Australia,*1  "Galatea,"  •  •  Immor- 
ulmV  ••  Narcissus.**  and  "  Orlando1*),  have  also 

8  23-ton  guns,  and  nearlv  as  large  a  secondary 
armament.    Lighter  deck-protected  cruisers,  of 

tons  and  engines  of  9,600  horse  power, 
trial  speed  of  19*  knots,  of  which  3 
Minerva,*1  and   "Talbot")    have 
begun,  to  be  followed  by  6  others  ("  I> 
__JoT"  Doris,"  ,,l     v.-n 

oarry  onlv  quick-firing  guns, 5  of  6  inches  caliber, 
hoc,  and  several  smaller  ones. 


Talbol-  was  launched   it.   April,   1H!I5. 


The 
.      . 

••ow  protected  cruisers  have  been  begun 
OKteClba  latest  programme  (-  Powerful 
"J«Tible%  of  IfjAo  tons,  with  engines  of 
mm  bom  power,  designed  to  give  a  trial 
•peed  of  29  knots;  the  armament  will  be  2  9-2- 
2  6*lnch  ttfcfc-fliing,  «nd  18 


<  -r 


•ad  12  S-poond.  ,ng  guns.     I  h. 

"  was  launched  in  the  Clyde  on  May  27, 
WW.    Every  one  of  these  cruisers  is  equipped 


cruiser*  imilt  between  1860  and  1885,  \\h 
classed  as  first  class  for  conv..\in-    puriiosei 
Ulack      l»i 

ilo."        -  Urllcniphi •• 
"Northuml  .       Shaniioii.  ••Im- 

.-••."  and   ' 
« 'lid  das-,  cruisers  Imilt  under  tin-   iia\al-<: 

nidi  are   of  2   types  and 
("  AiK.ll..")  and   4,860  tons  ("  Asti 
9.000  horse  power  and  a  speed  of  IJiJ  <»  jn  kn^ts. 

unpr<'\e.| 

•  •f  another  type  are  jirojected.     The  «•!.!. 
oud-chuss  i-ruiscrs  number  20,  and    th« 
class  cruisers  and  gunUiats   1?'J.     <>f   • 
craft    then-  an-  s."»   of  the   tir-t   cla- 
topedo-boat  < -ate -h. -p.  «T  t.-rpedo  ^unltoats 
"Rattlesnake"  class,  tin-  m.-r.    r. , , m 
the  "  Sharpshooter  "  class  an  d  1 1 
the  still  larger  torpedo  gunboats  of  th< 

cyon*'  class,  and    I1.'  --f  the   new  lorp. 

stroyen,  «.f  which  the  -  Havock."  ••  11 

"  Ardent,11  ami  "  harm-  "  were,  the  lir-i 
complet.-d  ;  :{::  of  j|],- 

third  class.     The   destroyers  have   a    d; 
mi-nt    of  220  tons,  ami  are  littnl  with  ."i  i 
tubes,  and  are  armed  with  a  12-pi'umIrr 
firing    gun    and,   usually,  5    fi-pnu: 
torpedo-boat  destroyers  were  decide<l  "ti 
on  the  theory  that  England,  being  tl, 
naval  power,' has  no  need  of  t-  : 
rather  of  special  craft  large  enough  ai 
enough  to  put  torpedo  boats  out  of  a<ti- 
the  French  torj>edo  boats  have  a 

.  the  destroyers  were  tested  for  2? 
Abandoning   the  heavier  types,  of  which   the 
"  Rattlesnakes,"  of  550  tons,  marked  the  i, 
partures  followed   l.y  the   "Sharpshooter 
800  tons,  and  still  larger  "Speedy 
"  Halcyons,"  the  Admiralty  reverted 
idea  of  the  torpedo-boat  catchers  of  188") 
of  200  tons,  armed  with  quick-firin_ 
capable  of  overtaking  the  fleetest  torped 
in  all  weathers.    There  were  28  complei 
f"i.  tlieendof  1895.    The  speed  has  be- 

i.  tlie"  I'.oxer."  built  byThorneycrofl 
ing  2!>-17   kiii.t-.     Sin.-,-   ? 
Yarrow,  showed  29-?<l  kn..t<.  and    the    1 
have   turned    out    a    torpedo   boat   ("  l-'orl.an ") 

I  knots,  the  19  destroyers  called 
1896  will  be  re(|uired   to  show  ov«-: 

irst-class  cruisers  to  be  begun 
\H'  improved  "  Blenheims.1*  Second-class cr 
of  about  5,750  tons,  will  have  the  armam 
the  "Talbot"  class  and  similar,  but   increased 
protection.     Third-class  cruisers  an    -      i  a.>    a 
displacement  of  2,100  tons,  locomotive   boilers 
developing  7,000  horse  power,  and  giving  aspsM 
of  20  knots,  an  armament  of  s  4-inch  quick-firing 
guns,  8  3-poundcrs,  and  smaller  gun-,  and  in 
torpedo  armament  and  general  type  n 
merits  will  resemble  the  "  Barhain  "  d.i 
will   have  greater   fr<-e  board   and    much 
coal  capacity.     Then-  an-  under  coi 
first-class  battle  ship-.  <'.  fir-t-clas- 
second-class  cruisers.  2  thinl-c]a->  cmi-ers,  ig 
nearly  50  torpedo-boat  de  Harvcyized 

steel  has  been  definitely  adopted  for  armor  platft 
Besides  locomotive  boilers.  I>u  T> mplc  watft* 
tube  boilers,  Thorneycroft  boilers  capable  of  be- 
ing forced  under  air  pressure,  and  the  Jiellevillc 


GREAT 


-  km 
new  »hl|«. 

-'J8U  88,400.     An  at 

failed. 

ml     Product r,.i,»l 

•HWM 

lie  year.M  in  most  count rie« ; 

1808,  and  the  import* 
1808. 

des  furntebed  88*  per  cent.  and  f.  r 
•  •*  ??i  INT  lie  export* 

i  and 
.us  follow : 


•MTUM 


•SB 


T-.--V. 

1. -,.'..  -., 

(tUtl 

aoftiw 


! 

i.liii-  flour,  tii.-  import*  of  wheat 
Mr  cereals  wrr 

i.i,|».rts  ,,f   H 

-.ISO   hundred- 
.-.    of  wheat. 


fr«'iii 


1 


In  :  .-f 
>f  raw 

'.  ni 


of   live   »t 

,.»inK  table: 


• 


. 


The  value*  of  the  principal  import,  in  1884 
were:  Cereal*  and  flour.  £4tU8a.&5:  raw  col, 

t.m.  f::-j>n.::n;.  «        \M  :••:  181          •   H 
784,878;  vugar.  raw  and   refined.  CI9.I48.A7V; 
and  mai^arinr.  il6/.|.V!ob:  wood  aad 

rnanufartaml 

740085:  tea,  11t.H4n.2U8:  woolen  •MiiafailBH*. 
ii.881^18:   flax.  hemp,  aiul  jute.  C8.040.1OI ; 
*>..Vt4:  1m-  sand 

h.  \*.  84918  BaM  f.  ;••:      ;     -     -    i  • 

O&AOQ?;  em,  C8.788^80;  o  : 
t.V,         i         ••  i-.".-     ••:.   .;  -. 

manufn<  it  >.488;  enp. 

.'^au.AM;  drird 

turmnt*  and  rai«in».  £I.781.M8:  k«ti.  £1.511.- 
Bftft:  i 

value*  of  :  «l  rxpnrt*  of  ijoaii* 

Uo  manufacture*  were:  C\4ton  p«- 
190:    roit..ii    %am.    i"».»v  u*ooda. 

•.«..\44:    I 
mamifartir 


jute 

' .sST;  l«r.  ««!».  bail. 

latc^£t0 
9 


GREAT   HUIT.MN    AND    1KKLAM). 


•mi  unwrougbt,  £8,474.311 :  hardware  and  <  ut- 

.  ...  m::.;:,.M,  ptemtoib,  68,- 
49M8S.  The  value  of  the  coal  exported  was 
£1?J78J907. 

,   .-,   ••  v,  rario  «( l 

.    .,   .;,  !-.:,:  ,:.,!  IBM  wWM 


ports  of  «"t  i,.n  in  1893  were  1.11' 


Tool 


The  values  of  the  exports  of  British  produce 
of  various  classes  for  the  two  years  were  as  fol- 


96.rvM.OM 


K6<U,813 
».. 

••.•4,566 


The  area  under  grain  crops  in  Great  Britain 
in  1894  was  7.854.974  acres,  having  <! 

y  years  1.576,516  acres;  the  production  of 
hope  snowed  a  like  decrease,  the  growing  of  flax 
has  almost  ceased,  and  green  crops  fell  off  10 
percent,  about  the  same  amount  of  land  b.-im: 
added  to  the  meadows,  while  the  rest  of  the  land 
went  out  of  tillage  was  turned  into  nerma- 
pasture,  the  area  of  which  increased  from 
13.178.412  acres  in  1874  to  16,465.069  in  1894. 
The  crop  of  wheat  in  1894  was  59,178.000  bushel* 
in  Great  Britain  and  1,666,000  in  Ireland;  bar- 

•     ""'    •       '      -     Ifl    Ore*!     Britain    an>l 

'«»'  in    In-land:  oats.  l.'J5,483,000  bushels 

it  Britain  and  55,701.000  bu-hels 

land.  The  number  of  horses  in  thernitcd  Km-- 

dom  in  1898  was  2.079,587 ;  of  cat  1 1.-.  1 1 .207,554 ; 

-::  .  ::.-.•>.'.:;... 

Tb.  '  ngdom's  output  of  coal  f.  ,r  1  *!•'{ 

'    -.-.MCI.SOS;     ,    f 

Iron  ore,  11.903.476  tons,  vain 
»*m.  WSJWtoos,  Yalue£9,m:  -7:  the  value 
•Call  metal*  produced  fr,,m  Hr\\\*h  ores.  ' 
2i10;  t<4«l  value  of  mineral  products.   ' 

.«51.  which  ww  t!  ;,^  than  in  1892. 

•f?*  JJJ*  *1^*47   persons  cmplovol   in   the 
N-s.570.ft7H  of  them  underground.    The  ex- 
it* of  real  in  18W  were  20.0: ;  valued 
?«AJi2";i'*'*'    T"*  ^P^rt*  "f  iron  ore  were 
4mm  tons;  th*  total  production  of  pig  iron, 

.W  tom^Tbe  number  of  furna 
in  1802  wa»  982,  against  414  in  1890.    The  im- 


the  yesrfi  consumption  <>f  ra\\  c<>tio: 

i-oiiiiiN:  including  the  In.  me  pi 
wool  clipjHMl  from  imp..ri<  d  -In  •  |.-km-.  and  im- 
ports of  goat  hair  and  woolen  rags,  iin 
supply  was  951,000,000  ponn<l>.  <>!   \\ln< 
000,000  pounds  were  <  Ih.  a<h. 

Mimption  of  wool  was  580,000,000  p<nmU;  tli<> 
consumption  of  flax  and  t< 
The  ijiiantily  of  «  -oit«.n  piece  goods  cxpor;. 

yards;  of  linen,  158,000,000  van!- 

yarn,  206,000,000  pounds:  of  woolen   van 
000,000  pounds;  of  linen  \arn.Ui.  ......  .MOO,,. 

the  total  value  of  cotton  exports.  IJ,;.;UIM 
woolen  exports,  £20,900,000;  of  In 
£5,800.000; 

.Validation.     Tii>    number  of  ressels  in  the 
foreign  trade  «'iitered  at  the  ports  of  the  i 
Kingdom  during  1893  was  59,916,  of  :::.  i 
tons,  of  which  86,587,  of  26,919,000  U.ns, 
British,  ami  L>:t.:{29f  of  10,2'J:;.<»(io  toi 

the  number  cleared  wafi  59,918,  of  :i7,491t- 

000  tons,  of  which  :«>,51  1.  of  •JT.^lUMHM,,, 
Briti.-h  ami  'J:'..  J<>7.  .,f  10/,T,-J.(ioo  t.>i 
ei^n.     Of  20,484,183  tons,  tin-  foreign   i 

i  and  nit.  -n-d.  .",.«!  l:;. 
Norway,  3,789,702  to  (in-many  ,  2,155 

r'lands,  1,848,856  to  Sweden. 
France,  1,772,837  to  Den  mark,  l.l  •;:,.:•:>  1  «••  Spain. 
1,022,546  to  Belgium.  «17.5s:J  i 
to  the  United  States,  858,108  to  Italy,  and  i 
to  Austria.    Of  the  total  tonnage. 
tons  were  entered  at  the  port  of  London. 
sol  at   Liverpool,  9,408,044  at  Cardi 

:.  540,889  at  Shields.  :U15 

1  hi  11,  2,748,599  at  Glasgow.  8,130,75:5  at 
am].  ton,  and  over  1,000.000  each  at  Sum! 

'•iiddle>l>r».  Leith.  (Jrinis! 
and   (irangemonth.     The   vessels  with   • 
entered  from  foreign  countries  had  an  ag|B 
gate  tonnage  of  28,796,000  tons,  of  whichM 
962,000  were  British  an.l  7,834,000  foreign:  ih- 
tonnau'f  '-li-an-d  with  cargoes  f< 
tries  was  32,953,000  ton-,  of  which 
were  British  and  8,457,000  f.-r.-i-n. 

The  numl.cr  of  vessels  register-  -d  a?  belonging 
to  the  1'nited  Kiiiirdi.ni  in    lsj»:{  \\. 
8,778,50>3  tons,  of  whi.  h  1 
were  sailing  vessels  n:  •  ;m.j: 

•IICTS.     The  merchant    shi|ipinu' 

of  8,541,888  tons,  '  mpk» 
ing  240,974   men,   ..f   whom    >J!».r».J!> 

;s.    Thero  11   sailing  vwt- 

as,  and  2.-MO  st.am  vc- 
527  tons,  engaged  in  the  home  trad 
ing  v<  .  tons,  and  :  M."» 

.•.•m'erl  both  in  I  he  hoin'-  and  th<- 
:    ai.d     l.'.i'J-l    sailing    vemeM^I 
•>S4  tons,  an.l   :{.:»(;!»  stean 
tons,  «  ••.'•lu-ivrlv  in  i  In 

<  omniNiiicatinii-.—  the  rnilro;,. 
traffic  at  the  beginning  of  ls!M  had 
20,646  miles.  The  ate  of  extension 

since  1880  has  been  UM  miles  a  year,  con 
with  214  miles  in    the    preceding    ten    years. 
are  14.440  mile-   in    I-in-land   and   Wam 
3.215  miles  in  Scotland,  and  2,991  mil.-sinlfr 
land.     The  capital    invested    * 
The  receipts  for  1893  were  £80,631,802,  of  which 


\T    iilll  ii 


MM487  were  from  freight  i 

. 


of  .'«.- 

wilh    81  '    w.r,-. 

iumig  the 

M  i    •  v|  •  :   .     .. 
1.  I*W.  the 

k  packet*,  HH.- 
54.OUO.i-  - 


Session.— Tli-     fourth    and 
Parliament  elect*  d   in  July, 
D  Feb.  5.     'I  ..  Mm 

41    had  dw 

•••  wrre 

»n's  speech  the  first 

1s   f«-r  nil.. 

'  Irish  land  law 

»  of 

1    to 

offense*  *    MI 

un-h  c-tai 
1  MhiT  lull-  would  ha\ 

irol  of  the  liquor  traffic, 
••  system  of  plural  voting,  and 
.n  for  tin-   | in \nii-nt  <>f  the  charges  of 
-.     A  l.ill 

i  commis- 

«a|.|- st.'.d  MI   IKUHtoM  >t  means 

inent  or  the  metropolis. 

u.-d  MI  a  seriously  depressed 

>  the 

xl'3  Mill  had  th« 

a  proposal   Would 

^^B  vail  ways,  as  these  were  expected    to 

rural    districts.       I 

notion  of 

:i»put«--  and  f.-rth.  • 


c 


for  <><»mi>l<»tiii£  thesra- 
furl 


!  Aiul  furl 

filiation 

r  n>k,.|  aU.ut  tin-  n-forin  ,,f  that 

i.   and    wan 

t  n  tld   lx>  introduced  in 

•*.     .lohn 

:-•*-   rallinir   f«»r  duwo- 

•iinil  that  th<>  «...  \.-rnment  had 

i  I  antic 

re«in|r  regn-t  t  hut  there  wa«  no 
h<<  diitrHi 

ii  of  ..:: 

oill  was  likdy  !••  ]+»  in 

:.tnd  bill.    'Ill--  prac- 

tit;  and  rcmtnxluring  meMOTCS 


that  had  no  ohaBfla  of  Miinc  thftmtfii  wa*  life^^^i 
to  -plowing  the  ttndsrf  the  M»*bar«.M  aad 

«rlh) 

... 

party.  annniuiaU  his  withdrawal  from  thtdis- 
Cttssions   Of    I'arhaitirni. 


party,  announ 
in    man 
mentof  I  rub 


of  thr 
res.    The 


uvided  by  a  bittrr  ' 

.i-n«l»  and  the  opponent*  of  Mr.    •• 

.    .nil  that 
the    vtv  had  received  eoMribmloM  fmoi  Ijb. 


l*rty  nadn 
eral  |- 
porting  evicted  tenants,     Mr. 

lawyer  who  conducted  his  libel  Mtt 
against  the  London  -Times,"  and  was  canv 
pelled  to  go  into  bankruptcy  and  rriirv  fas» 
i'arli.mrnt.  n,,  Mr  KeSmWs  amendment 
the  Government  had  only  a  majority  of  JO.  and 
on  Mr.  Jeffreys's  amendment  to  the  addrrM. 

':  ,'      ^  '      . 

Jonattst  Lord  Mayor  of 

^rtilrtl   a  I^Ulion  Of  tor 


I>ul.l  iloa 

bu  rgesses  and  cut  pot  at  km  for 

Fraian  convicts  who  had 

prison.    Similar  | --tit ions 

Limerick    and    othrr    Iri 

Callaghanandll. 

the  others  the  Government  n  fined  to 
Sir   Henry   James's 

MM,  nt  for  levying  an  import  dulj  to 
India  on  cotton  goods  to  the  detriment  of  the 
LajwajUli  trade  was  lost  OB  Fab.  f  I  by  MM  to 
100  votes.  36  the  ministry  acr 

and  the  House  of  Commons  approved  a  mot** 
of  Robert  L.  Everett,  a  Liberal  mrmbsr.  sso- 
ondetl  •  ,.iwrrtali»r.  Ihatlhr 

House  rrganls  with  increasing  apfwihtasfcm  the 


constant  fluctuation  and  growit  . 

the  value*  of  gold  and  siUrr.  and  heartily  con- 


curs in  the  recent 

1  'ranrv 

resolution  unr^i  up  rrnmmt  the 

Kiralu:  -;th  other  powers  to 

rnational  conferrnce  for  the  purpose  at 
nmjulaf  or 

an 


lat.-r  in  a  public  nltrraiHr  thai  the  Oovinmna* 

> n  in  which  they  might  take  part 

would  not  admit  a  doubt  a*  to  their  mUSAfcaj 
to   ailhrrv    to   the  siBflt  gold 

-,   Pea*. 
i\  nut).  r:t\  .  f  .*.'•  f.  r  a  vote  of 

Oommiarioii  thai  in.iuirvd  into  tU  opium 
tna.li-  in  India  and  rrported  in  favor 
tinuancr.       Artf 
bean  for  eleven  years  speaker  of  tl 

,.,..;.  ••'... 

Apnl  -t  <iully  wan  rlecf«*l 

.t  ma;-  -n-  • 
over  Sir  MM th,  iiidiry.  ihr 

'teConsen 
Thrre  memWs  of  the 


:;  .51 


(JKKAT    IUJ1TAIN    AND    IUKLAND. 


heirs  to  peerages,  determine*!  to  test  theques- 

,.    ,v .....  .       .  ..  not   -  l<  el   t"  re- 

main  a  commoner  instead  of  nualifying  as  a 
peer.  One  of  them.  Vixoo.mt  \\olmor.  fell  heir 
to  the  Karldoin  of  Selhnrne  r  'u  his 

inpaariiif  in  his  accustomed  seat  Sir  William 
IlarccHirt  moved  to  have  a  commit  tee  appointed 
her  ho  had  succeeded  to  a  peer- 

r    George  N.  Cunwn  and  St  John  Mrodri.k, 
4  -,ns,,f  peers  who  were  allied  with 
NNolmor  in  the  cont.-t.  supported  his 
in  and   out   of   Parliament.     It   has 

the  custom  t..  treat  the  succession  to  a 
peerage  m  creating  a  vacancy,  but  the  qu 
had  never  been  decided.  The  oontrorenr  ended 
in  iu  being  established  as  the  law  of  Parliament 
that  the  succession  to  a  peerage  of  a  member  of 
the  Lower  House  vacates  his  seat  whether  he 
applies  for  or  receives  a  writ  of  summons  to  the 
I  PJMT  I  louse  or  not 

The  budget  was  presented  by  Sir  William 
Harcourt  on  Hay  8.  The  revenue  for  1894-flK> 
hail  realised  £509.000  more  than  the  estimates 
and  the  expenditure,  including  £704,000  of  sup- 
plementary estimates  for  Uganda,  the  navy, 
education,  Cyprus,  and  Irish  relief,  varied  only 
£34.000  from  the  estimates.  The  balance  showed 
a  surplus  of  £776,000.  The  total  receipts  were 
£3.551,000  more  than  the  receipts  of  the  preced- 
ing Tear  ;  customs  yielded  £408,000  more,  excise 
£850,000  more,  stamps  £1,580,000  more,  income 
tax  £400.000  more,  t  he  post  office  £290,000  more, 
and  telegraphs  £40,000  more,  The  import  duty 
on  spirits,  in  spite  of  the  extra  Qd.  a  gallon, 
yielded  only  £67,000  more  than  in  1893-'94,  and 

\eise  receipts  from  domestic  spirits  were 
£390.000  less  than  the  estimates,  whereas  the 
extra  tax  of  M.  a  barrel  on  beer  did  all  that 
was  expected  of  it.  The  new  death  duties,  ex- 
pected to  produce  £1,000,000,  fell  short  of  that 
figure  only  £32,000.  The  large  increase  in  the 
stamps  receipts  was  due  to  activity  in  the  min- 


ing  market  and  a  general  recovery  in  business, 
debt  was  reduced  by  £8,529,000  dur- 
ing ISM-TO.  The  interest  on  the  - 
shares  owned  bv  the  British  Government  was 
«*«  in  1805.  These  shares  are  valued 
at  £83.900.000.  The  savings  banks  gained  in 
deposits  £7.160.000  during  the  year.  Th- 
funds  of  the  friendly,  industrial,  provident. 
and  building  societies  amounted  to  £240,296,- 
733,  •  net  increase  of  £60.000,000  in  ten 
The  expenditure  of  th-  <;..\  eminent  for  1895- 
"96  was  estimated  at  £95.981,000.  The  increase 

••••      -     :  ,     '  •    the    navy,    which    n- 

£1.400.000  more   than  in   1895,  and   to 

*nal  expenditure    for  the    civil    .«•• 

especially   for  the  enlargement    of    edii' 

Th*  UHal  expend. tu-  •',  •;•<;.   including 

the  imperial  com n l.i u i-.i,  XK)  to  local 

iwrennea,  it  £10*£43.0(H).   which   is  raised  by 

local  taxation.  The  Government  revenue  proper 

«M  estimated  at  £»5.662.000,  leaving  a  deficit  of 

tlMOOoothe  assumption  ll.  utional 

b^rr  and  mint  duties  would  expire  on  Julv  1. 

To  avoid  this  deficit  the  Chancellor  .,f  t 

yijy|fprouo>ed  to  re-enact  the  duty  of  M.  a 

Iparrel  (36  gaUnrw)  on  beer,  which  would  increase 

the  revenue  to  £96.162.000  and  turn  the  deficit 

.n  estimated  surplus  of  £181.000.     The  re- 

impotition  of  the  extra  beer  duty  in  preference 


to  the  spirit  duty,  which  was  unpopular  in   Ire- 
land, drew  forth   sarcastic   comment-    from   \\\? 
Conservatives.    Tin-  income  ta\  \\a>  coi 
at    the   rate  of  the  preirding  year,  8rf.  in    the 
piuiiid.  or  :{}  por 

The    Irish     hind    law    Kill,   prepared    |,y    Mr> 
Morley.  altered   the  slat  utory  term  fort!. 
HOII   of  ri-iit>*   from   liftren  t'o  ten  years.      , 
plied  to  terms  already  fixed  a-  well   as  to  neW 
oases  where  a  judicial  retit  was  pra\  c.|  f-r.     1'ijr 
l»ill  al»o|js!ic.l   the  landlord'-  rii;ht'  of   pi 
t  ion  and  provided  that  the  tenant  should  •, 
rent  on   his  improvements  and   that   all 
should   !><•   made    in    respect    of    hi- 
Two  valuers  would    e-timate    what    wa> 
rent,  and   the    Land   ('..mmi-^ion   would   ' 
judicial  rent  at  that  figure  unl.  -    iin-  la 
or  the  tenant  objected.    The  bill  also  ab 
in  certain  cases  the  remedy  of  ej- 
nonpayment  of  rent.     All  imp- 
since  1850  are  T)re-umc(|   to  have  Keen   n: 
the  tenant.     Tins  clau-c  i-  intended  to  in 
results  of  the  decision  in  the  law  ca-e  <.f 
airain-t   I  Minsrat  li.  w  hich   allirmed  t  hat  tl. 
act  of  1S70  provided  compensation  for  in 
ments.     Mr.  Morley's  bill  prescrilies  that 
ing  a  fair  rent  the  court  shall  include  in  th»> 
tenant's  interest    any  increase   in    the    letting 
value  of  the  holding  that   ha-  n-ulti-d  fr- 
pro vements  that  he  has  made,  and  also  th- 
to  the  continued  occupation  of  his  hol-i 
cured  to  the  tenant  by  the  various  land  a< 
contract  by  a  tenant  iiot  to  claim  com pnnsmijH 
for    improvements   warrants    the    allo\v:r 
rent   in  respect   of  any  improvement,  un 
landlord    proves    that    it    was   made    by    him. 
Hither    tenant    or    landlord    can    apply    to    ths 
Land  Commission  to  have  a  fair  rent  fixed.   The 
landlord  can  not  determine  a  tenancy  I 
letting  the  land.     No  action  to  recover  n-ut  or 
evict  a  tenant  can  l>e  brought    if  tl 
been    two  years  overdue.      When    a   statutory 
term  has  expired  the,  tenant   continue^  it 
pation   under  tho    former  condition-   u: 
tenancy  is  determined  or  until  a  new  juduB 
rent  is  fixed. 

The  Welsh  Disestablishment  bill  to  ten 
the  legal  cstabli-hment   of  the  Church  of  1^1 
land  in  Wales  and   Monmouth-hirc  was  intro- 
duced  by   Mr.    A-<|uith.      The   Wd-h    Church, 
originally  a  spontaneous  national  growth,  hav- 
ing been  for  centuries  usc<  .endciiey  of 
the  English   Church,  dis-ent    spran-  up 
eighteenth   century  and   -pivad   until  now  thAi 

:.'X><)  nonconformist   con-1 
principality,  comprising  three  .|uarters  or  fowl 

fifths    of    the    Jiopulation.       .Ml1,    (rlad-t..: 

•  •d  with  some  of  the  pn.vi-ioii 
withdrew  his  pair  toward  the  close  ».f 
sion.     The  Government    accepted  am-  i 
placing  schools  and  public  chapels  und« -r 

body,  instead  «»f  di-cru! 
ejitin-ly. 

A    bill    dealing  with   Church    pat  • 
rn  «ip  by  the  bishoj»s.     It    aimed  ;>'  -  in  «-k 
tie  worst  abu-es  ,,f  the  p.  v.stem, 

ami  renders  alnio-t  imp-.-sible  sales  <>{  the  ^BjM 
of  patronage.     Sales  by  auction  ai 
pronibited.     Persons  presented  to  livi- 
an  vicious  or  incapable  can  be  reje. -t.-d  by  tl 
bishops. 


GREAT   IWI1  M» 


'. 


r  the  local  control  of  tmnV  in  in 

,|iior*  wa-  t.tll   that 

iHitJ   with   v.n  an. I 

u-lrd  (hat  "ii  n   r.  0,111.1- 

parochial 

.tner 

.•nit*  khall  be  rvvokrd  without 

If  »«  tt  (he 

(mm.-  will  .,-««*  in 

•f  thr    iii-ti   annual 

.n»  after  three  vear* 

iuor  traffic  in  a  locality  where 

•  i  shall  be 

kined  or  whether  the  local  ana  shall  hare 
tic  bouses  again.    If  a  \» •• 

same  proportion  ,,f  ,-!,-,(. 

ii  <>f  the  lii|imr 

i  i-'ll  shall  he  ink.  n.  and   if  a  ma- 

Tote  for  a  redaction  of  the  mi  ml. 

hotiwM,  all  existing  licenses  shall  he  can- 

of  a  year,  ami  ttif  h  .rifting 

rates  shall  hare  authority  to  grant  new 

xceed  three  fourths  of  the  number 

I  was  eiempted  from  the  ap- 

rr  introduced  a  bill  to  pro- 

luml  voimi;  nn<:  'alcing  the 

ions  on  on.  an.  I  th«- 

-oughout  the  kingdom.    The  mini- 

n*  was  con 

he  real  n 

!-.:•.•.     In  local  elections  the  plural 


vote  in  all  of  tt  Conserve- 

••noanced  the  bill  a*  a  gerrymander,  in- 

luce  their  |«irty  vote  in  the  metro- 

'  Ii*  r  constituencies, 
-mpanied  by  a  measure  to  relieve 
•••>  .-f  th.>eiMnses  of  returnini;  <>mcenu 
"hi*  was  a  sop  for  th<>  ItaliraK  who  demanded 

William  Allan 
•if  nif ml" 
A  illiam    Ili»n-..it: 

the 

•opos-i  way  poMible ;  it  was  the  logic- 

'10  suffrage  an<l 

'lemherm,  for    demtx'racy    would 

rain*t   Unit;   t!i.«  11  .u-.-   \\;Vs   t,..,   n,-.  •,   ..'   .  •  . 

h  hail  been 
-•-•;».  with  the  (tovfrnment's approval, 

1  tneiii|>nwer  munn  i|>ali- 
ies  and  lot-al  authorities  to  aci^uire  ami 
nun**  general  tramw.. 

•  •  local  authoriti.-  to  buil«l  ami  own 
a  these  should 

i  in  i-:1 

t-car  linos  )>ut    n. -\.Ttheless  leased 
bam  to  a  CA>mpai;  :»  of  years.  Recent- 


ly the  municipal   authorities  bare  taken    the 

I!  ..I.'  -I  _•<•.•''  '          '   '  '   .  • 

tnetr  Jiwiv  nands  and  nave  operaiMi  tneui  wttn 

' '    :'          .'     ,          ''',', 

wages,  and  oneapening  far*-*  for  work  people 

aj  i    •  -,  - 

take  tne  lease. 

lr,l..lMrr,,,UlM,:,.fl 


f,,rlh,-r.K'M  f-w.-rk 

ai 

X  unlll  IB 

.  r  ..  r  wm  psw  :••..-;•. 
for  the  working  of  tramway*  by  local  Minor*. 
tie*  when  com|ienle*ean  not  ha  fosjnd  to 
take  it  on    fair  t.  rtna. 


nfleld  onlv  lilaekpool.    Plymooth.   and 

.<**    av.iif.1    thMnssWof 
ami  are  actually 

,  '!       ..'!,   N.O.. 

The  new  act  was  intended  to 

r.u-M    to  munkMiMilities  to 
m.lmeds  under  Wchd 

H 

•b.   v- 


The  bill  for  the  conciliation 
empowered  the  Board  of  Trade  to 
rcumstancM  of  a  dispot*  batw 
ere  and  employed  and  to  report :  also  in  *.  •   »» 

nri.it  ratore  or  to  appoint  a  conciliator  or  n  ennir* 
man  ami  board  of  conciluiikia,  to  which  tne  par- 
ties may  »ul.mit  thr  question  at  issna.  A  eon- 
Hliator  or  Uiartl  of  rrm^Hrtim  nppdlajiail  by  tne 
iu.ar,l  of  Trade  would  act  on  the  a 
one  or  both  of  the  parties.  The 

ui. I  also  appoint  a  con 
conciliati  n  certain 

the  right  to  intervene  and 

j...«.  im 

Mr.  Bryce's  light -rail  ways  bill  was  all  that  the 

rfof 

depression.     Its  purnose  was  to 
narmw-gauge  railroaos  to 
special  author  I'arliamn  • 

:  hare  to  be  presented  first  to  ine 
council  ami  examined  hv  a  rtieamitUv  of 
uM  consult  all  I  he  loeal 


i. mit  the  plans  to  tne  Board  of  Trade 
to  determine  whether  it  is  a  light  railway 

within  thr  iii.-ni.mc  ..f  i?..  a-  •  :  it  must  also  ssa 
that   thr  requirement* 
satisfied,  ami  hear  the 


whow  Und  the  male 
of  other  railraad« 
rural  ..  -  bill 

lax  sos»eof 
nwl  and 


: 


D^one  M  ,     -,  . 

i  1     |^    IM^K    llnM^M  '      •      • 

passea  passed  oy  OOMI  aowjsav     n  |HIMHOTI  ior  snow 

MOvaL  sanitary  arranceeBeejts  and  stricter  rrgumlions 


tMinitary 

•pi..  Made  up  in 

bdbi  tfowi  .i;-*-  i. 

dran  are  not  permitted  to  ne  employeo  IB 

!«  it  is  m  motion. 

BMlnry  or  workshop  must  bave  a  fire 
Person,  moving  bodily  injury  and  tne 


To  allow  weanng 
*  where  Inere  is 
a  penal  nsTinse    Cnil- 


'   '•  -  '     : 


- 


GREAT    HR1T.MN    AM>    IKKLAND. 


recover  compensation.    Ov.  young  per- 

fOM  i»    ;:  .,'ul-it.  d.  for    win.  ii    it     It 

and  no  woman,  young  i  «  In  1<1  aft. -r 

working  the  full  time  allowed  can  take  work 
home.  A  regiM  dent*  mu-t  i..-  kept. 

The  factory  acts  are  extended  to  laundn- 
the  provisions  requiring 'he  fencing  of  machin- 
ery and  notice  of  accidents  to  docks,  wharves, 
Tin-  law  relating  to  bakeries  is  ex- 
tended to  all  kinds  of  bakeries.    The  powers  of 
i  h.-  H..m.-  Secretary  to  regulat*  .In;. 
ployroent* are  enlarged.    Medical  practitioners 
i  to  scud  notice  t<>  tin-  chief  inspector 
of  faolorirs  Ml  in   which  disease  has 

arton  fr-'-n  tin-  conditions  «-f  employment 
worker-  in  t.-xtde  industries  who  are  employed 
on  piecework  hftvearifhl  to  have  supplied  to 
them  such  particulars  ax  will  enable  them  to  a-- 
oartain  the  rate  of  wages.  Workshop-*  must  be 
registered  and  lists  of  <>ut-i<l<>  workers  must  be 
furnished  to  th.-  ins|H.ctor  of  factories. 

A  bill  for  add  i :  r  two  colonial  jndir.'s 

to  the  Judicial  Committee  of  the    I'rivy  Council 

:  v  to  I  Ii<-  colonies  because   there 

was  no  provision  for  a  salary,  ami  therefore  no 
active  judge  of  the  first  rank  in  the  colonies 

i.,-   likely   to  accept    the  ofljce.       The  House 

of  Ix»rds  negatived,  as  oft  en  l»ef..re.  the  proposal 
to  abolish  primogeniture  in  cases  of  intestacy 
and  divide  real  estate  in  the  same  way  as  per- 
sonalty among  the  family  of  an  intestate. 

nminal  appeal  bill  propose<l  to  cr< 
Court  of  Criminal  Ap|M-al  and  to  grant  ilicri-lit 
<>f  appeal  in  all  capital  cases  when  there  is  aeon- 

.  The  court  would  be  able  to  amend  or 
set  aside  the  sentence,  not  only  on  grounds  of 
informality  or  irregularity,  but  if  the  jury  was 
misdirected  ««r  the  \erdict  i*  found  to  have  been 
against  the  weight  of  evidence,  and  to  order  a 

:.il  if  there  has  been  any  miscarriage  of 
justice.  Prisoners  under  lesssentenccs  than  that 
of  death  would  only  have  the  ri^ht  of  appeal  by 
leave  of  the  court  of  trial  or  the  Court  of  Appeal 
or  in  certain  cases  of  the  Attorney-General.  '1  hey 
may  also  apply  for  a  revision  of  their  sentences, 
subje*  ril  of  having  them  increased. 

A  bill  was  passed,  in  accordance    with   an 

-.-•nt  with  the  Russian  Government,  which 

•M  "f  the  Paris  arbitration 

award  to  the  Russian  seal  fisheries  in   Herini: 
Sea.     The  bill  went  further  than   the  agreement 
with  the  United  Stales  in  that    it  contained  n,, 
liraitati  n  .  f  time  and  covered  the  whole  Pacific 
•  of  the  forty-»e«,nd  degree  of  lati- 
tttde.    Russia  agree*!  in  return  fort! 
of  KuMrian  jorisdietioii  ,,v,-r  Kn^lish  seal. 
yond  the  three-mil-  limit  to  restri.-t  the  annual 
cal«  h  on  the  Pribylofl  Maud*  to  :{().(KK»  * 

Hr.  Shaw-I/efevr*-  liMuu'ht  in  a  bill  to  exempt 

horseless  carriages  from  the  regulations  govern- 

•    •  Ighwavs,  which 

firohiblt  them  from  going  at  a  greater  speed 
than  4  miles  an  hour  and  r  nt  they  shall 

^~^  *  man  bearing  a  red  fla*   A  i-.ll 

- 


to  Ire- 

attem  of  county  coumi  s  as  they 
in  hngland  and   Scotland.     It  was  sup. 
ported  by  the  Government,  but  the  Unionists, 


although   the    pri.po-ition    was   their 

ridicu  1  and  the  nioti\ 

<  »n  a  motion  to  erect    a  statue  to  Oliver  • 

\vell  all  the  Nationalists  as  well  :^  t! 

tives   voted    again-t    the    pr.  |i..-iti..n.    and    the 

rnment  was  saved  from  defeat  i.niv  !•>•  th«- 

votes  of  Liln-ral  rnioiii^ts.    Tlie  miii 
ujH.n  renounced  the  project. 

h     bilK.    except     those    of    a 
cliarii'  red  early  in  .M;i> 

committee  including   all    tli<-   Scot, 
When    the    (io\ernm<-nt     i 
crofter"'  bill    to  thi>i  coininittee.  hi.  Ma-'1 
resigned  his  seat  tor  in\ern.---l,nv.  win 
won  by  the  (>p|.o-ition.     The   Wel-h  di- 
ment    l»ill   was  the  only  one  of   j.olitp.il    iini..,r. 
that    was    advanced    in    commit  t.-. 
lites,  di-appoinlcd   !..•.  aii-e  tl. 
was  deferred,  went    into  opposition.     Tl., 
•  •nimeiit    majority    fell    to    in.    and    on 
Thomas's   proposal   to  omit    the    j.i 
v.-iin-  in  the  county  council*  the  : 
the  Wel-h  Church  the  majority  was  only   , 
the    iii^lit     following.   June    ;J1.    Mr.    I',! 
moved  the  reduction  of  the  salary  of  th. 
tary  for  War.  alle^in^  that  there  was  ;m 
cient    supply  of  ammunition    for    the   infantry. 
Some  of  tne  Radicals  refrained  from  votin. 
when   a  division  was  taken   the  amendin< 
carried  a.i:ainM  the  ministers  b;. 
Mr.  CamplK'll-Banncrman,  whom  his  colleagues 
had  kept  out  of  the  Speaker's  chair  i 
could    not    -pare    hi- 
signed.      The   Cabinet    on    the    followii 
chose  to  re«ii:n  and   leave  to  their  oppom-: 
duty  of  dissolving    Parliament.     This  ta 

ition  was  prepan-d  t<.  accept.      Lop: 
liury  was  reoue-ted   by  the  (^ueen  to  forn: 
ministry.     This  he  was  able  to  do  without  diffi- 
culty, with  the  co-operation  of  Mr.  Chaml 
and  the  Duke  of  Devonshire. 

The  new  Government   obtained  tli< 

in  supply,  passed  the  I'-.-rin^  S 
rescued  the  factories   and  workshop-,    bill    and 
others  of  a  noncontentious  character,  including 
a  bill  relating  to  inquiry  into  fatal  a<-cj.l 
Scotland,  a  bill  for  naval  work-,  a  bill  to 
the  corrupt  practices  .-,ct.  the  Scotch  bill  : 
re-nlation   ,,f  sea   fisheries,  t  he  extradition  bill, 
the  naturalisation  bill,  and  the-  .Indicia 
mit tee  hill.     Parliament  was  prorogued  on  July 
6  and  dissolved  on  July  8. 

I  he  salMmr)  (  ahind.     Tho  Unioni 
inet    was   constituted    on    .Inn- 
Prime  Minister  and   Secretary  of  S' 

MTairs.  the    Manjuis  of    Sali-bury:    I-^rd 
President    of  the  Council,  the    Duke   of    ! 
shire  :  I  (.f  the  T; 

Halfour:    Secretary   of   State   for   the   <• 
Joseph    Chamberlain:     Chancellor   of    t! 
chequer.  >ir  Michael  lli'-k--I'.' ;i- h  :    I 
the  Admiralty.  <  <  .him  (Joschen  : 

Cham-ell. ,r.    Lord     llalsbury:     L-.rd    l'ri\ 
Viscount  Cross:   chancellor  of  the    hi. 

^ir  Hi-tiry  Jan; 

for  the  Ib-me  Department,  Sir  Matthew  White 
Kidlex  py  of  St»-  r.  the   Mar- 

?f  State  for  hi-lia. 
.ord  (ti-orire  Hamilton  :    Prcsjdi-nt  of  th«-  I'e-ard 
of  Trade.  Charles  T.  Kitchie;   IV— ident   of  the 
Local  Government  Board.  Henry  (,'hai)lin  ; 


MS    AM»  IRELAND. 


: 


l...rd   «  sdOfM      1.  Rd 


I     Half...*: 

f   the   Board  of  Agriculture, 

I  Hike  of  Devonshire,  who  was  chairman 
uqunission  that   laid  d<<wn   the  lines  of 
uralioii  <>f  whtrh  wa*  an- 
u.i.rrman  ju- 

oder  Secretary  for  Koreign  Affair*. 
rion  was  called,    (iprald 

SecretarV  f  r  War  by  sending  at 
•  hi«  ***Je  of  office, 

diva.— At  the 

House  of 

...nist*  40. 
Unionist  party  of  7  rotes 

ir-t  .-u.u.   t- .-,['!,, r  in   I0M. 

Is*  oom posed  of  267 

I'arnellite* 


and  various  other  faction*  isjned  < 
The  Agricultural  Union  < 

f    r 


•MbUbml 


th«pro>etof  which  he  wa* 

in  Parfiam.nt.     Lord 
the  need  of  thr  hour  the 


l 


of  the  la*. 


,-  Mi  .  f   bV    II     •      '   I     -    -     Hi    V    . 
home  rule 


at  the  head  of  thr 
and  Sir  William  Hareourt  laid 
rrto.    The  C 


normal  mu 
took  place  in  th'.- 

ConserratlTe* 
[lowing  the  lead  of 


a  negat  ire  one.    The  U 


the  working 


Mr,M«k,«|W-«dold. 


rogram  me 

:...:. 

rog  i  am  me  emracng    ome  rule,  dis- 


a 

Mr. 

owner  of  his  own  dwelling  < 

agricultural  laborer  a  sou 

tage  by  the  intervention  of  the  < 

eminent  and  it*  right  of 

Balfour  enumerated 


-  raploy-     ment  the  better  housing  of  the  working  Hejsea* 
:11.  the  Irish  land  bill,  one  man     the  encouragement  of  freehold  orrupar 
•juor  veto,  sweeping  reforms  for    amelioration  of  the  lot  of  the  aged  poor,  the 


unr  v.-to,  sweeping  refonn 
and  for  the  rural  population. 
n  of  t  >  the 

iitativi-  ChmnUr.     Mr.  Cham- 
that  wild  project*  of  con^titn- 
detftructire  legislation  would 


agricultural    tenant* 
the  uneerfaliini  of  tuleatarf 
for  injervd 


.!  thf   National 


with 


mini-law  n 
gran- 


VMHOfl  Of   th.    .     t   •     ,   .  '   :  ,f..,r  U)  in:.:1  i'      I      ' 

•  M-ntntion    in    Parlia- 

>naltets  renewed  th.-ir  profe»- 
'  aUegiaa  .the 

leaden  to  placr 
imme. 

-MI  of  th.«  Sn-ial  I»fii).N-rat   l'.-«iem- 
•on,  besidf-  •  h.mr   law,  frve  mainte- 

KOt  \\\N       H    A 


pVOtMtt  t, 

improvenN 

*chook  prorinion  of  ct>mj^*at»on  f.-r  in;ur*a 

:\      •••••..  ^ 

and  the  opening  of  market*  lor 

The  Unionist*  were  snereesfnl  in  the 
beyond  their  anticipation*    The 
gained  a  major 
Eined,    The  new  Paiiiamei 

Liberal  ft 

oAnt.  I'arnellitemand  It 
411  I  nionbu  against 

^erieJiJCKofim 
stitnencies  eleoted  SH 
al*  68  Liberal  Unionist*  and  I  Anti-rarnrllite: 
Welsh  cunHltneiwiiai  eUcted  tt  Radical*  : 
esrvativea.  and   1  «t:  ther 

rrturno.1  fn>m  Scotland  *' 
nthta.and  .«i*t*:at 

repmrnta-  .  i.le*l  between  «  An 

,ml  rniooirt*  and  1  Radical. 

New  Parliament. -Parliament  we*. 

Aug.  II    Speaker  Oully  wa* 
moojJy  re  elected.    The  t^icrn'*  speech 
tkwed  the  nprimntmons  made  to  the 

the 


GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  IRELAND. 


<.f  thoHHtUb,  French, 

Kh    the    Suit 
of  reforms  for  Ar- 
thc  hMOfpCMtimi  of  British  Bech- 
h  ( 'ape  Colony.    No  legislative  pro- 
mAdeVthe  business  of  the 


of  the  session 


posats  ' 

Imtecomftned  to  voting  the  estimates  for  the 

•trvfe  of  the  year  which  ware  not  voted  by  the 


Lowther  was  elected  chairman 
of  committees  John  Daly,  who  was  chosen  a 
•amltfr  for  Limerick  city,  was  declared  incapa- 
ble of  being  elected  because  he  was  undergoing 

,      ..........        ,     .  ,.     ,,,:.,i  \\     i:.: 

promised  the  Irish  members  to  consider  a 
naooontentious  bill  for  the  relief  of  evicted  ten- 
ants, but  said  that  he  would  not  introduce  a  land- 
la «  bill  then  on  account  of  its  controversial  char- 
acter. In  fulfillment  of  his  pledg*  the  new  Irish 
Secretary  secured  the  re-enactment  of  a  clause 
of  the  land  act  of  1891  for  the  reinstatement  of 
evicted  tenants  with  the  consent  of  their  land- 
lord*. Further  than  this  he  refused  to  go.  Dr. 
Charles  K.  D.  Tanner,  Anti-Parnellite,  was  sus- 
pended for  a  week  because  he  created  a  disor- 
derly scene.  The  Liberals  supported  the  de- 
mands that  were  made  on  the  Government  for 
the  immediate  treatment  of  the  questions  of  the 
condition  of  agriculture  and  the  unemployed. 
The  session  came  to  an  end  on  Sept.  5. 

London  County  Council.— TheCounty  Coun- 
cil that  has  managed  the  affairs  of  the  metropo- 
lis for  six  years  has  been  in  control  of  the 
Progressive  party.  The  Progressives  desire  the 
unification  of  the  metropolis  and  seek  to  extend 
the  powers  of  the  County  Council,  whereas  the 
Moderates,  their  opponents,  propose  that  the 
metropolitan  area  shall  be  divided  into  10  self- 
governing  municipalities.  The  Progressives 
nave,  indeed,  acceded  to  the  creation  of  sepa- 
rate municipalities,  each  with  its  own  mayor, 
but  not  to  the  principle  that  each  of  these  shall 
assess  and  spend  its  own  rates.  The  effect  of 
that  would  be  that  rich  districts,  having  ban- 
ished all  the  poverty  and  labor  into  the  |>oorer 
districts,  would  not  be  responsible  for  any  of  the 
cost  of  improving  and  keeping  up  these  districts ; 
that  the  parishes  of  the  West  End,  which  have 
their  Hyde  and  St.  James's  Parks  maintained 
out  of  the  taxes,  would  be  relieved  of  the  ex- 
pense of  parti v  paving  for  the  parks  and  open 
•paces  of  the  East  End ;  that  poor  districts,  hav- 
ing a  valuation  one  tenth  that  of  the  city  or  the 
luxurious  divisions  and  in  which  all  the  insani- 
tary areas  are  found,  would  have  to  clear  these 
unhealthy  areas  away  at  the  expense  of  the  poor 
themselves.  The  Progressives  have  endeavored 
to  introduce  the  principle  of  assessing  the  rates 
upon  the  owners  rather  than  upon  the  occupiers 
of  the  land,  and  the  Council  has  incurred  large 
i  in  trying  to  obtain  the  sanction  of  Par 
to  this  method  of  local  taxation.  In 

me- 
rates 

per  cent.,  from  1 1  \d. 

n  the  pound,  during  the  six  years  the 
Council  has  been    in   existcne. 

-treet  improvements  were  proposed 
in  Parliament  in  1898,  the  Council  makingthe 
condiUon  that  Parliament  should  pass  a  public 
bill  for  taxing  ground  values,  otherwise  tte  im- 


edocation.  sanitation,  and  other  matters  the  n 
twpotoha*  made  great  progress.  The  rsJ 
have  been  increased  over  20  percent.,  from  11, 


nrovements  would  not  be  made.    This  resulted 

in  a  deadlork.  fort  ho  (lovenmieMt   dedn 

106   such    a   I'ill.      Later  the  Council  was 
willing  t<.  proceed   \\iih  Mime  of  the  scl, 
provided  Parliament  should  sanction  the  t 
pie  of  beitt  rmcnt,  which   is  that    <>\\ 
[and    is    enhanced    in    value    by    impro\emcntJ< 
should  IK*  made  to  pay  for  them  in  |>rii|M>rtinn 
to  the  benelit    received.     Iii  furtherance  of  tin- 
project  of  unification  the  Progressives  have,  pro* 
-in    the   corporation  of   the  citv 
of  London  its  ceremonial  function-.     In  compli- 


ance with  their  \M-II,-  the  city  companies  ha£ 
i  ui)  some  of  their  surplus  r 

for  technical   education.      Manv  of  tin' 


-    already  given  uj>  some  of  their  sui 


lusrevemj 

•ir  i 

sals  are  called  socialistic,  such  'its  the  mum.  ipal- 
ization  of  docks  and  markets  and  the  estt^^H 
merit  of  municipal  pawnshops.     The  num. 
/at  ion  of  gas  and  waterworks  and  street   rail- 
roads is  not  opposed  absolutely  by  the   M 
atcs,  but  the  majority  of  the  Council  hn , 

able  to  agree  with  the  opposite  p.. 
with  the  companies  owning  the  existing 
works  and  tramways  in  regard  to  tl 
the  conditions  of  the   transfer.      The   County 
Council  adopted  the  policy  of  executing  all  pull- 
lie  works  and  conducting  all  the.  public  "USUM 
without  the  intervention  of  contractors.    The 
Committee  on  Works  regarded  the  results 
isfactory,  although  the  rule  was  adopted 
the  trade-union  rates  or  the  highest  mark 
of  waives  to  all  workmen  employed.     The  M< 
crates  have  ceased  their  opposition  t 
chase  of  the  street  railroads  since  tin 
Appeals  decided  that  the  price  shall  n<>t  be 
on  the  market  value  of  the  shares,  and  mu< 
be  more  than  the  actual  value  of  plant  and 
terial.    The  Moderates  want  the  train wa 
ever,  to  be  leased  and  operated  by  «>i 
while  the  Progressives  propose  that  the 
Council  shall'run  them.     P.i lls  have  been  brouSMJ 
before  Parliament  for  the  expropri 
the  water  companies. 

Elections  for  a  new  County  Council  were  bsW 
in  March,  1805.  The  general  reaction  in  fan 
of  the  Conservative  and  Unionist  party  opers^H 
in  favor  of  the  Moderates,  who  have  Ixn-n  affll- 

\vith  the  Conservatives.    The  result  waflM 
tie,  57  Moderates  against  57  Progressives.    Ifcei 
Moderates  gained  23  seats.    Never 
Progressives  obtained  a  majority  in   the  mm 
Council  with  the  votes  of  the  9  aldermen  wh 
have  seats  and  votes   in  the  Council,     ^•l 

i    their  candidate   for  chairman,    i 
Arthur  Arnold,  over  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  by  66- 

The  Progressives,  grown  modest  1 1 
electoral  reverses  and  the  prospecth 
the  Conservatives  in  the  national  elect; 
fered  in  Parliament  a  compromise  bill.  « 
ing  betterment  with  worscmtfnt  in  assessing  spe-< 

ixesfor  local  improvemei 
mise,  having  been  arranged  by  Mr. 
Lord  Cadogan,  had  the  support 
ates.    The  principle  of  worsement,  s<-«  HI 
demnity  to  owners  whose  property  is  injured  b; 
improvements,  has  heretofore  been  i 
the  majority  of  the  Council.    The-  bill  pi 
that  in  certain  conditions  owners  may  call  upoi 
the  County  Council  to  purchase  the  lands  am 
houses  on  which  a  special  tax  has  been  assessed 


GREAT  imiTAlS  AND  IRELAND. 


Trade  Union  Crams*.—  The  Trade  Union 

«a-hrld  «t  r«r.i.iT  >i.  iht   bl 
rastored  th<  Old  I  ••••  I 


s-|.f.-n,ur. 


1  DO 


•Won  fn.m  »l. 

M  (MMfrasj  hi  iv.i    md  ssj  • 

doctnni-oftheSVwrmom.mi, 
l*d.    Therwoluli..nfori 

i.-haiu-.-  iwasBfa 
ion  of  land,  mines,  and  failmails  WM 

ipatt- 

i.e  financial  and  *d; 
.f  state,  WM  unanimously  ao- 
•  present  system  of  education  WM 
as  based  upon  mmmafpjillsjii  an<l 
•apply  the  educational  needs  of  the 
a  congress  called  for  the  reintroduc- 

the  clause  for  « 

•on*  bill  tli 

ords  WM  demanded  because  it  had 

!  rtbor  legislation.    The  amend* 

k  act  oaased  by  Parliament 

ed  to  be  ineffective  ax  a 


A  i^ljafftn^autnvfennau  JasMhsMu\MeVa> 

treaty  WM  postponed.    The  sabUct  of  «2dW 
ship  over  adults  came  up,  and  the  insulate  held 
that  the  national  law  should  apply,  rather  than 
the  'tfltnMh'it    Another  derision  was 
*Ag~~*t  of  the  compstant  national 
•I  sjsj  Md  ... 
ratified  by  the 

w 


that  the 
MbnsjeJ 
vtthort 


should,  however,  be 

hot    IN*    cx.i.rludr.1  ..thout    l»..tif».f*    the  d,,-W 

matic  or  consular  representative  of  the  stale  u> 
Vhkfe    ",    f   MkM 

ohMrration  made  by 


aided  to  tor  of 

rive  right  of  translation  from  tan  to  twenty 

yes^ortothefuUoopyrighttann;alsoin  fa- 


•    isal 


-.  su.h  us  BMttvi  poww,  :.^;  •. 

n-H.ilution  jt-k.-il  th,-  (i..\,  rn- 

i  the  principle  of  a  fair 

he  union  rates  always,  with  a 

laborers  of  84*.  a  week ;  also 
fair  houses,  in  which  fair  oon- 
eiisU  and  where  trade-union 


irs,  holidays,  and  the  number  of 
ivntn-.-s  an-  i.l.srrv.-d.  Th.-  OOS> 
to  the  proposition  that  in  labor 
ect  equality  of  treatment  M  to 
and  remuneration  should  be  se- 
to  both  sexes.  When  a  mill  or  company 

with 

x  all  wages  earned,  it  WM  proposed  to  give  to 
the  work  people  the  right  to  distrain  at  once 
whieh  a  landlord  ha*  for  collecting  arrears  of 
(ant.  The  parliamentary  committee  WM  in- 
ive  the  trade  union-acts  so  amended 

nber  of  a  registered  union.    The 
•  declared  itself  of  opinion  that  ,  mph.v- 
^•sold  be   responsible  to  workman  whan 
ioatroyed  or  damaged  by  fire  on  their 

BSSJSjsMj 

itlonal  Uw.-The  four- 

r  was  opened  at  Cambridge  on  Aug.  a     An 
Me  WM  adopted  reeommanding  that 


contain  an  in.luati..n  of  the 

tkm  of  contraband  of  war  WM 

onoed.  but  the 

subject  of 

no  one  should  be 

one)  should  hare  two 

one  should  be  allowed  to 

but  that  to  do  it  a  simple 


Tne 


•oi  hi 

tion  <>n  foiviim  xiil. 

I       .  I  . .  1 1  i . •          iti.1      I  I . 
VVlVBIfTV  ••%•    »"  [ 

ish  India  (see  Ima)< 
rssponsible  and  representative 

At  >TKAL\-H.  r»i-».  OoUHTt.  I'    *:v    N      »    '    ^  » 

DA,  and  WIST  IVDIBS),  Ortat  Britain  ha*  Oown 

.,!!..>•:-          '    '  .'  •    ' 

ocean.  The  total  area  of  the  British  Empire 
is  estimated  at  1 1JS4.701  square  miUs  and  the 
aggregate  population  at 

is  about  £! 
an<l  naval 
Iiriti-.li  tn-.j^  maiiitau 

ival  •tations.not 

«nd 


..ver  whiih. 
rial ity.  the  courts  of 
:;e  is  accredited  hare  no  ju- 
ra, should  be  sued  in  the  court  of  the  capi- 

lomi- 
-  able  to  contest  the  jur 

if'ital  on  the  ground  of  being 

from  taxation 

;  *m  held  not  to  eitond  U-vund'  the  mlu  i.il      - 


•Ii  ••••!  ail     m»    m.     fS««VM     JuJjMl*     i*     ••»*<M 

gorenwii  ••  m  \. iwu  OOHJOT,  is  gviTiH 
roof*  The  OoTtrnor  is  Qen.  Sir 
;»h.  The  nativa  popalation  of 

and  iliSnilMti  of  the  original  Qi 


sHtlers 


;.::    m 


:i  • 


GREAT    BKITAIN    ANI>    IKKLAND. 


English.    The  Governor  is  Lieut-Gen.  Sir  Ar- 
thur J.  I*.  Kremant  le.    The  revenue  in  1893  was 
ex,*.|iditurv.  i'304,993. 

ineanisthe 
H-iwi  of  Cyprus,  administered  by  Great  Britain 

•  I  \\iili  a 
convention  concluded  at  Constantinople  on  June 
4,  1878.    It  was  the  compensation  obtained  for 
KngUnd  in  the  readjustment  of   the  Kastern 
question  by  the  Treaty  of  Berlin.   I  xml  Deacons- 
JUld,  who  brought  back  M peace  with  hoi, 
parted  that  the  island                             an   impor- 
tant   military  post;    but    the    climate    proved 
unhealthy  for  Eroopt,and  the  island  ceased  to 
pOSSeM  Strategic  value   for  (treat    Britain 

tbeoccuiiation  of  Kgypt.    The  British adminis- 

•  ;!..'  Mi-  ient,   and     its    e\pens,. 
entshing  to  the  inhabitants  ami  a  burden  to  t  In- 
British  taxpayer,  for   Parliament    has  granted 

.      -     :4        •_•!'•_•     at'oiit      f.*»UII,IMM»     for    the 

of  the  Cypriots.  and  still  contributes  £80,- 
000  to  cover  the  deficit.      The   annual    tribute 
.e  Turkish  Govern  ment  ami  guaranteed  by 
Great  Brit  a  -IK>.    The  annual  revenue 

previous  to  the  British  occupation  \\ 
Some  of  the  Turkish  taxes  it  was  necessary  to 
abandon,  they  were  so  oppressive.    The  revenue 
in  1894  was  f.  turned  as  £177,054,  and  local  ex- 
penditure as  £117.654.     After  the  $ood  harvest 
of  1892  no  grant  in  aid  was  required  for  t  wo 
years.    The  revenue  is  derived  from  customs,  a 
salt  monopoly,  tithes,  a  land  tax,  excise,  stamps, 
dues,  a  tax  on  trade  profits,  military  ex- 
u  fees,  and  taxes  on  sheep,  goats,  and  pigs, 
thes  are  paid  in  kind.    Tne  Governor  is 
Sir  Walter  Joseph  S-ndall,  appointed  in  1892. 
Fh    Mt* Of  OrpniS il   -.•>"  s-juarc   mile-.     The 
population  in 'l 891  was  200,286,  exclusive  of  the 
garrison.    The  export*  are  grain,  carobs.  cotton, 
linsnod     olives,   cocoons,    raisins,    fruit,    wine, 
cheese,    live    animals,  wool,    skins,   vegetables. 
sponges,  and  gypsum.    The   imjM.rts    in    isic; 
10,872,  and  exports  to  £316,543. 
•i!iti..n*  have  been  carried  on  with  Tur- 
..f  the  tribute  by  its  com- 
mutation into  a  lump  sum.    To  this  Turkey 
would  not  consent,  because  it  would  practically 
extinguish  her  rights  o\,  -r  the  island  and  lead  to 
its  annexation  by  Great  Britain.     The  Greek  in- 
habitants protest  against  the  payment  of  tribute 
and  demand  relief  from  the  heavy  taxation  that 
b  tending  to  their  destruction,    they  ask  for  the 
cession  of  the  island  to  Greece. 

i  .1.  on  th,.  trade  and  military  route  to  the 
Britain  possesses  the  fort' r.-ss  and  coal- 

1-n.  with  territory  on  th.- 
site  coast  of  Africa,  which  serves  as  a  ba 
supplies  and  a  gateway  for  trad-       Aden  has  a 
ilation  of  41,910.    The  island  a  has 


10.000.  The  Somali  coast  protectorate  has  an 
area  of  r..OOO  mile*.  <  >n  u.th  sides  of  the  Afri- 
can rontmont  (treat  Britain  has  more  recently 
asqnirvd  or  claimed  by  treaty  arrangements  or 


il 
<s«  K 


occupation  nnormr.us  spheres  of  influence 
*T  AFEJCA  and  WEST  An 
At  theootbern  extremity  .,f  In.lia  is  the  fer- 


:M  was  8,008,466.     The  natives  are  Bsft 

<lhi>ts.  Hindus.  Mohammedans.  Christian 
(lagans.  The  revenu.  m  \w,  \\ .,  is.i 
rupees,  and  the  i-xpi-iidiiun-  1  ruP*Z 

The    imports  were    valued  ruP*M| 

and   cxp<.rts  at   7  1.  !!•:.. ::i'^    ni| 
the    products    of    commercial     in<|>"itu! 
cocoanuts,  coflfee.  r\<->.  i-im-li'.i... 
nanioi  I'lumba^- 

pearls  are  valuable  exports.    The  a !...!.• 
the  obnoxious  paddy  tax  has  caused  a  <>  m|K>reW 
decline  in  the  revenue.     The  export   of  tea  in- 
creased fn  :  ">o  pounds 
000 pounds  in  is:i:{;  thai  ,,f  .-..i1 
55,0(H)  hninlredwi-ii;hl. 

British    North    liornen.  with    Lalmaii   in 
sultanates  of   Brunei  and    >.n  a\\.ik.   constitute* 
a  recently    ar.juiivd    liritish   pitsses>i,,n 
i-laiiil   of     r.orneo.      The    dovenior    is    <'hajE| 
Vandeleur    '  Th.-    total    aiva    is  abfll 

85,000  Square  mile-,  and  the  population  475,QBJ 
North    I'.orneo   produces  t..l..-i.-.-.,.  j..-p|.er, 
woods,  sago,  gutta-fM-rcha, 


tan.   pearls,  and    hirhc-<li  •      >1 

have  been   found.      The    iwnme    in    Is!>3j 

$289,220.     The   import-  were    valued  tit  $1,79J 

d  exports  at  $1,116,714. 

Beyond  India,  guarding  the  sea  route  to  Chits! 
and  t"he  protected  states  of  the  Malay  |  en  in  sub, 
are  the  Straits  Settlement-,  a  <  P>\MI  '.•"l-nyo^H 
pri>ing  Singapore,  Malacca,  and    renanir.  witli 
the    dependencies    of    the  Co< 
Christmas  island.     The  (iovem 
.Mitchell.    The  total  white  population  in  IS'.H  \V;, 
3,483,  and  the  colored   population  -1  1  '.».'." 
the  latter  half  were  Malays  and  half  Chinese 
The  revenue  in  isji:{  \\a-  $8,706^08.  and  exj*n- 
diture  $3,915,482.     Tlie  forts  «lcfen,i 
harbor  at    Sini:ap"re   oosl    I'KKMHMI  to  bd| 
This  expanse  the  colony  had  to  b< 
with  an  increased  and  ^rowin.L'  burden   for  tin 
support  of  the    increased    L':I!TI-'  n    and    Sf^H 
ments.      The  imports    in    1M»:'.  were    valued  V 
$160,148,960,  and  exports  at  $1-1  1  ; 


^laml  of  (Vykm.  now  largely  given  up  to 
thtcnltivmtion  oftea  on  a  commercial  scale.  It 
ha.  a  partly  representative  government.  The 
Oomnor  H  Sir  Arthur  Klibank  Havelock.  The 
"  square  railc%  and  the  population 


exports    are  tin,  sugar,   pepper, 
gambier.  gums,  copra,  coffee,  tobacco.  • 
rattan,  dye  stutK  and  spiees. 

The  colon  i-ts    have   complained   serioi. 
the  burdens  they  have   been    made  i 
themselves    for  '  imperial    defence,   which    wen 
doubly  heavy  on  account  of  the  fall  in  tin-  vain- 
of  the  nijK'e.     The    lirit  i-h  (  Jovern  ment  •  ; 
that  they  should  raise  for  that  purp- 

r  from  1894  till  1898.  but  afterward 
that  the  contribution  -hould  be  reduced  tosfl 
000  for  the  first  year  and  £90,000  for  the 

:  lit  ion  that  if  the  colonial  finances^^^ 
be  more  prosperous  in  subsequent  years   '}>• 
shouhl  make  up  the  sums  remitted.    They 
to  have  the  amount    reduced   ' 
and   instead   of  that  were  called    upon   • 
I'lKUMH)  in  lsj»7and  I'  120,000 
to  obtain  anv  better  terms  the  best  known/ 
the    nonoflicial    members     of    th. 
Council,  together  with  the  justices  of  it,. 
and  the  members  of  the  Chinese  Ad-. 
cil,  resigned  their  places  byway  of  pr 
January.    1*!>r>.     The    entire,    body    of   . 

i  a  petition  setting  forth  that  ti. 
tion   for  the  year  amounted  to  27  per  <•« 
the  total  revenue,  and  asking  to  have  a  reasoi 


GREAT  BUM  ID   IUKLANH. 


341 


•Mr  |Tr..  •!.'.«.••    "f    If--     r-   ••>•'••      *rff»    I  ft*  1 

In  June 

!i  v   th*    military     hargm 

rouetioo  of  the 


M»ntf  ill  1N05,  »  renewal  of  th. 
•    thai  craned    : 

-,f  th«iM<  trrnioru-*  m  tin.   Gold 

Ian. 
:try  »tation  and  free  com- 

u.-*»"  i.lniK'  $137374  of  i-rvniiuiii- 

Tbe  expenditure  was 

MVCof$. 

u*ive  works  and  th. 

ad  taxes,  lionise  fees,  and  the  opium 

public  •!.-».  t   i>f  «.  :il.MOO.  rmiwil   f.'.r 
•»  and  waterworks     In  t!,,-  MX  yean 

were  $64730)' 
sice  then   i  lnurr 

•  n  higher.    The  Governor  is  Sir  William 
fcyun.  with  China  increased  froin 

wantaektin  1W«  t«. 

itihabitanU  of  •  z  have  prayed 

'  the  Court  it  ut  ion  convert- 
f  the  coi..tiv   from  a  Cr  '•>  one 

^^K  a  lar&r'r  decree  of  n-i.n- 

•n  oonaist»  <>f  -j  n.  CNN) 
••rtugUMf.  1.400  Hriti«h.  un.l  n 

-T    K«ir.'|H-nn-   niul 
loni?»tj«  hart*  |»n>t«*t«il  a-   -tri'im- 
KM*  -uteta  against  the  ex- 

"tTH  impo0e«l  ii|>«>n  tlicm  I 

:   f..r  fi-rt  .-irina- 

xiiensea,  and  al*o  for  pul*lir 
th.-r   iMiproremenU   that 

Maoritiui  :-  mi  >:.ir:  :  \\\  t>.,-  ln.tian  Ocean. 
*ar  MatlaeaM-ar.     It  wa.-«  ori^innUy  o»n.-«l  ami 

71  tt  Mjiinn- 
ilr« 

:  1.  1  in,  who  came  orig- 
Bombaj  to  work  on  tin 
gr  rwiiii.  rooles.  'The  revenue  in 

•  wan  H.ioa.928  rapee«.anil  the  exn>  i 

teportawen    183001,988 

d   ruin.  <lruir*.  ln-inp.  ntxl 

iep  • 

Th- 

K-lw-ir-i    :  'inin. 

iBora, 

purposes. 

•.•i  lilies  the 

e  Bntish   Honduras  and 
u-r  hiw«  |»n»«n  «»ut  ••( 
d  on  the  coaj4  of  Contral 


p»r» 

raw  tU 


.  od  •    fb    i.     , 


7,363 


•  7.VW  «.juar. 

was  81371.     Ths 
r.\  and  the  expsmliture  888X510.     Tt* 
imporu  were  valued  ai  8l.46u.Mi.  and  export. 
in.  Governor  U  Mr  «     Atari 

BrUUh  (iuiana  ha«  grown  up  from  in.  former 


and  Berbies.  The  aim  bffiwsi  as  108300  SOMM 

^"r  J^f0^!^  fa  "*  **  ****™~ 

lu.ut^  ..f  the  colony  are 


exports 

Tile  New  Ijinrrate.—  TheoAos  of  post  lau- 
reate, which  had  tern  %  * 

riOM.wvtOi 

he  appointment  of  Alfr^l  Aiav 
\.»iin  «a.  bom  in  ile» 


Leeds.  May  80.  1885.    lib  .aicr  wa«  a 
chant  ;  hi.  mother  was  a  sister  of  Josspb  Locks. 


..u..,r      1Mb  were  Roman  CaUwtkm. 
.»t  StcmThunl  CoUaM  aad 

gree  at  tl..'  I  ,,i  verity  of  Uttlot)  in  188«Xssri 
,ar»  lalrr  wa*  called  to  the  bar.  But  hi. 
««.«  in  ht.mturr  rmlhcr  than  in  thr  law. 

At  the  age  of  rfglsHsn  b»  pubUshsd  ano«y 
-*m  rnliUed  -  RMdolph,"  and  two 


-  , 

afterUnl   a   note).     He    dSfUtelir 
the  law  m  1^1.  and  trarriad  <m  the  . 

He  was  a  v  -poodent  in  the  ftrld  dor- 

ten  much    for  journals   and    magazine*,  and 
iMBdtdan 

Kevie«        H  -  piidaoessun  in  the  oflk*  of  bs> 
nnnd  flpMirr.  1501-19:  Sam- 
uel   Daniel.  I.1MM61V  :    Ben  Jnn*nn.  Wl*-^  : 
William     Havrnanl.    168f>  M     I»nwleO. 

1670->»:  Thnma.  Shadwrll.  1«H»-V2:  Xahum 
Taie.    |6K  \whosM    Bowe,    I715-M8; 

Uwirnca    Ku«U.    1718--80: 
17SO--57:  William  Whitrhead.  IT 


&RBBGB 


nrrJamw.Pyr.1780-1818; 

y.  ^onbwortl,, 

laO-TO;  AlfrUi 

v       -.      •   .       ,-          ,    -.      incl  ,:•    ::  M**  - 
-Five  Year  18M     An  Artwt's  IVoof w 

ilWl.  an.:  <**  "  <1886)-0 1 


Polio  and    I 
that  1'  lore  »  <1  804). 


ry  of  the  Period 

•  ::/    •-:••_    « 

In  po^nr  he  ha*  published  -  The  8eason,^a,sat. 
ir*  (1881);  -Th«-    Unman    T.  1868); 

•The  Golden  Age,"  a  *<  1"'""- 

iJtaT"  0»n);  -  fi«nc or  0«Uh "  (1873) :     M» 

:.|"(1«~'':  "'Hi.   T..»,r  ..f  l!:il-l. 


dram*  <i  <xko  the  I 

-Savonarola,"  a  tmgedy  (1881):     S.lil.M, 

S"  (1888);  -  At  the  Gate  of  the  Cot 
;  -  Love's  Widowhood  -  (1887)  ;  "  1' 
*"  (188K  lyrics"  (1»W); 

t.nattt*  the  Pte^  -!«);  and  -  Eng- 

Ian.: 

KECE,  a  const  it  utionnl  monarchy  in  south- 

bf  Ic^Hslative  body  is  s  single 

Ch«inU-r  i-alh  d  the  Iloule.composeaof  207  mem- 

bers* elected  l>y  universal  suffrage  for  the  term 

..f  four  vears,  or  until  the  legislature  is  dissolved 

f  hisres|xmsil.le  min- 

itten.  .  Jiin^  King  is  Georgios  I,  born 

|»,       j}.  |»-j:..  ".•    •  -     i.'i  KM  "f  I'riti.-,-  Cliri-iiaii 

f    Sl<  swi  ,  n-  lst<  in-Sondb  [bmg-OlttekibiiiR 

now  Kibg  of  Denmark.  Ho  was  elected  by  t)u> 
Boole  ;  fa  protocol  signed  at  London 

•  •M  .June  5,  1868,  bv  th»-  tliree  ijrotecting  powers 
—England.  France,  and  Russia—  an 
reign  on  June  27,  1868.  The  heir  apparent  is 
KonstantinoA,  Duke  of  Sparta,  eldest  son  of  t  he 
King,  born  Aug.  2,  1868,  and  married  to  Sophia, 
iv.-.  -----  •  PnwiA, 

The  ministry  at  the  beginning  of  1805  was 
compoeed  as  follows  :  President  of  the  Council 
and  wini>t«-rof  Finance.  ('.TrikmipN  :  Minister 
.   Affairs,  M.  St«-j,|jaiiou  :  Minister  <.f 
the  Intorior,  M.  Bouphidis  :  Mii  :cclesi- 

aetio  Affairs  and  K«lu<-nti..i..  M.  Kalliphronas; 
Minister  of  War,  Col.  Tsamados;  Minister  of 
Marino,  Capt  Bouboulis;  Minister  of  Justice, 


Area  mud  Population.—  The  area  of  the 
kingdom  is  25,041  square  miles.  The  population 
is  2,187,208,  of  whom  1.133.625  are  males  and 
1,05^583  females.  Of  th.  male  |K.pulation,444,- 
086  are  engaged  in  agriculture  and  stock  r.< 
64.211  in  mechanical  arts,  and  1  17.  '.'?:•  in<.,m. 
81J321  are  in  service,  15,735  are  profes- 
I  men,  12.109  an-  Icrgy- 

.  and  34.624  compose  the  army  and  navy. 
lite  people  belongto  the  Greek  Orthodox  Chun-ii. 
with  the  exception  of  insignificant  communities 
of  Koman  Catholics  and  Jews  and  a  few  th..u- 
mnd  Mohammedans. 

Defeat*.—  The  strength  of  the  army  in  1894 
vat  «4J877  officers  and  im-n.  with  3 
and  ISO  Held  funs.  There  were  16.0W  infantry. 
U46carmlry;i£87  irtillery.  i.-j  l  :•,  engineers,  and 
•VB"  gendarmes.  The  legal  term  of  active  serv- 
ice fa  two  years,  bat  furloughs  are  commonly 
granted  »fter  slight  instruction, 

h'  ^*!0"*  fS***  of  8  *^etad  vessels 
-  Spetsai,"  and  •  Psara  ">  of  4£85  tons 
t,  having  11*8  inches  of  armor  at  the 


•  ' .  i . .  1 
"  l  "M 

H 


line,  and  rarryinp  IM'am-t  irun- 
metres  caliber,  4  <>r  ir>  cent  itnet res.  .•;' 

t\\<>  older  uriiiitr  dads  ("  Hasilissa  (Mfl| 
and  "  Ha-ili-us  (Jeorgios")  armed  une  \vith  flfc* 
ton  and  2  3^-ton   and   the  <>tl. 
Kruj-i  I    unprotected   , 

boats,  and  80  tornedo  boats,  n<>t    iiu  hiding  2 
Mil. marine  Nordenfeldt  ln)ats. 

(  omiiien  e  MIH!   I'roiliirtiiin.     'I'he  principal 
commercial   product    is   /  mts,   -i-wn 

between  Corinth  and  Patras,  on  the  shore 
(iiilf  of  Curintli.  on  the  inlands  of  /ai 
Cephnlonia.  and  in  nthrr  parts  of  i',\, 
nuantities  that  the  price  has  fallen.  Th. 

•.nieiit  has  endeavor.  <1  to  extend  I  he 
k.  t    la    indiicini:  other  governments  to 
or  lower  t  heir  tint  ies.  and   has  met   OOW 
success  on  the  Continent,  i.ut    • 
which  is  the  largest  • 
pie.     Merchants  have  succeeded  in  opt 
-Mine  new  markets,  imtalily  in   lin  — ia. 

The  next  most  Important  «-xportal.|« 
is  metallic  ore — lead, silver,  and  /in« .  The  vah£J 
in  drachmai  or  francs,  of  the  principal  ezpofll 
in  1W-.  .'-:. 

625;  wine, 4,194,250;  fru 

2,675,000;  tobao<    .  .'  153,1  >:K>4B 

silk  and  co<-(H)n>.   I. :;:"'..  i  ,""•:  ealonia,  !  1  :i,50|;l 

.     :'-.VV 

all  others,  8,384,000;  total  exports,  88,068, 
drachmai.  'I'he  principal  imports  were  valojU 
in  drachmai.  as  follows:  Cereals,  28,801,0B| 
coal,  7,482,125;  cotton  goods,  5,363.175;  cavM 
and  fish,  4,040,200;  woolen  goods,  4,086,OU 
other  imports  are  hides,  timber,  sugar,  coft^U 
animals,  hardware,  and  metals.  The  total  vaBM 
of  the  imports  in  1803  was  01,484,025  drachnmJ 

Navigation.— There  were  6,582  vrs 
788,815  tons,  entered  at  Greek  ports  during  18sM 
..lid  5.482,  of  2,340,720  tons,  cleared. 

The  merchant  navy  cons  .'5  stesjj^H 

;.(>87  tons,  and  762  sailing  vessels,  of  348,41 
tons. 

Railroads  and  Telrarrnphs.— Tin-  lei 
railroads  in  operation  in  18JW  was  568  m 
which  the  Government  owned  02  miles.    TbjKI 
were  806  miles  under  construction. 

The  telegraphs  have  a  total  hn^th  of  4Lfl|l 
miles,  with  5.0:50  miles  of  wire.    There  wen  vl7.- 
(>:!!  internal  and  347,829  foreign  messages  sent 
and  received  in  1  *«»•-.>. 

Finances. — The    finatieial    statements  - 

ernment  have  been  unreliable,  oi^H 

to  a  loose  and  variable  system  of  a> 

the  mutable  theories  of  different  financiers.  TVj 

total  revenue  was  estimated  for  1H04  at  88,7Bfl 

•  ;«;!•  drachmai.  of  which    1^ 

fn.m  dire.  I    ta\e<.  ls.(MK».(HHl  from  cnston 

477,067  from  stamps,  1 1,027,000  from  i 

;«Ki  from  excis,.,  ,i.:{(Kl,r,7-J   from  du< 
fines,  8.535,796  from  pul.lic  j.rop.-r1 
from  posts  and  tele-raph-.  1  .'.«•;: 
tional  fees,  1,650,000  from  poli<  e.  1,320.1 
sales,  and  arrears.    The  direct  t 
in  arrear.  t  im-nt    refraining   fr- 

lecting  them,  from  consideration  for  agricultural 
distress  mixed  with  political  motives. 
The  expenditures  for  1894  were  e- 
the  total  of  81,693,158  dnu-hmai,  divided 
lows:  Public  debt,  21,999,083  drachmai: 
14,761,946 ;  Interior  Department,  10,209,689 ;  ad- 


<,l;l.i  «  I 


- 


,  V.    r..      bli     •    I 

Misters  gave 


i«'. 


.867.858J4?  draohJMfl  payable  in  gold 

need   bv  the   three   protecting 
1888,  sinking-fan 

AOOO  drachmai 
. 

uN  ainoiiiitini;  to  155.000,- 
,mai  toned  in  lt*9.  a  railroad  debt  of 

k-old  treasury  notes,  and  14,150,- 
mai  of  trmporary  loans. 

• 
y.  1805.  di»t raining  for  taxes  and  thr 

,     ,  f    ,:      -.'.    ...       '.    .    •',     V."   •  ,,;,     I'.a,   , 

•iiion  Mo.-k.-d  1.  gislatiof]  in  ti,.-  < 

Government  nroiK*ed  to  abolish  oo> 

j«ose  a  nigner  home  tax  and  a 

I  trades  and  professions.    The  people 

lomatmtloni  againet  UM  •   t  -  ••%  tea  L 


thai   the  mini.; 

•*>^^«|A*|     MVA»     I*    AlA    M*MM!> *--S «      i 

]••'•• 

,-..-•..••,•....  -        '. 

ooocluded  the  negatiatioaa  for  a  new  rasasjet^ 

rial    tr 

tiiade  other  new  commerrial  tivatie*  «tth 

I:        .     •      i.    . 

•••   —  .. 

Belgian  treaty  the  duty  on 

one  fifth,  and  abolished  I 

rants  are  used 


«•  —  »»•» 


ll.      tl.r 


treaty  Greece  agreed  to  redoos  by  oae  half  the 
duties  on  caviare,  lard,  and  oak  Umber,  and  Ku»- 
sia  nromised  to  **^fc^  *l>^  same  i^l^^fa^  in  IM^ 


^  .,  ,-    - 
.:.-.      ,- 


on  olive  oil  olives,  aad  figs,  and  to 


lj  tin*  : 
md    E  £ 


u*   <  MMBlfe  d  M  tO  ttM    MOfl 

«.     1  .'I  <>f 

mass  meeting  was  to  be 
i.  i  '•  to 

il«.    people'*    constitutional 

••*•  of  tin'  Miiii-tcr  of  tin* 
people   surr..  mult. 
rii«»Mj  ih.-m  t  tln-ir 

and 

rv  ili«- 

>  <  I  and  tin- 

got   lop-lhrr  with  ihllii-ulty 
HUM  -till  oommana 
'Mediately  it<ljouni<'<: 

tig  tosUined  the  prince. 
•*igned  on  Jan.  28. 

•n  of 
liniral  Knnari%  hml  given 

rlyanniv  f  Throdo- 

1  on  Jan.  24.  a«  f«»l- 
Council  and  M 

tiMtr 

• 
trr  of  t  hp  hit 

ravmnttoos. 

•  al  mini-try.  »"inposrd 
l  friends  of  the  King,  ap- 
nee  of  dissolving  the  Cham- 


•M    I"I    /«lll*-Ili«H  OM.          •  DV 

Egrptun  trraty  OK,,,  .  ,narkri  for  (inrek  to- 
baoco.  lie  also  estabUakad  bettor  politieaJ  nla 
Uonswith  :  a  admimrfratioo 

was  improved  a  i'ublie  order  was  w«0 

m^a^Wfwi  *¥Mi  dnrinv  ••»  *<f<4ljw1  nnJilLjJ  «^tM». 

|  .»:.-..'.,:.'•    I  .         ..."   •' 

termination  of  two  out  of  the  three  bands  that 
infested  the  northern  part  of  the  kingdom 

M  hanals    Jlalstry^-TW   ilintinsM 
l«rty  uf  (Myatmfc 

was  successful  Tn  obtaining  a  suiprisingin^or. 
.-.,...••,  f  «,- 

side  parlim  The  election  hinged  on  the  rrmi- 
instment  of  the  debt.  Trikoupb  baring  at- 
tempted  to  scale  down  the  principal  and  JWMI 

nis  promisetl  to  rehabilitate  the  finances  of  the 
•  y.  restore  specie  paymeota,  and  raist  the 
price  of  all  staple  commoilities  by  means  of  an 
arrangement  with  the  creditors,  ahhoswh  the 
organs  of  his  party  had  prevto 
Trikoupb  for  making  too  gveat 
the  bondholders.  The  T  " 


only   1ft  M'At*.  while  the  party  of  Ma  old 
lost  Ueown  seat  in 
longhi,  and  hU  most  trastad 


..•.•-. 

.:;•-'  "    •      ..       '        > 

Government,  so  far  from  enwiaing  the  pianmia 

an.)  innumoe  in  the  elections  rwlomar 

..,  admintstrstions.  bad  forbidden  state 

. 


bekof  Trikoo- 


pis.    The  sodden  overthrow  of  the  late 


was  due  not  wholly  to  his  failure  to  extrirale 
uniry  from  it*  financial  difficulties,  not. 


m  ".-•  at 


At  of  a  military  polios 

..-     .    ••       .v   .    •       •        "  •     -    •       • 

verrily- 160  drachmai  a  year.    When  the 
bar  met  on  June  10  and  slaoted  a 


&EKBOE, 


Gl'ATKMALA. 


net  resigned.  The  King  sent 
for  Tbeodoros  Delyannis.  who  formed  a  Cai>in.-t 
composed  as  follows:  PWM-I.-IM  ..f  the  r..un« -il 

:        '   •.'.:.  .:..,.  TlMOdOMIi 


k'  rvign  Affair-.  sko,,/,  -   M 

;  -.    M  ,MOM,S.  '..  i:.-;     Mim-ter    ..f 

War.  SmoIenU:  Minister  of  Marine,  Levidi-: 
Mtotoerof  Justice,  Varvoglis;  Minister  of  I'ub- 

i       ••    .    '       :   .    f    "    ..:-. 

In  intrusting  the  Government  to  Delyannis, 
with  whom  he  had  been  on  had  terms  since  he 
dtsmiswd  that  statesman  from  ntli.-e  in  iy»'J.tli.- 
K  :  v  i  •  :  .  ,  •  •  isc  '  bat  thfl  mini-try  would 
re  with  tin-  i  -iimmand  of  the  Jinny. 
nor  introduce  any  bill  in  the  Boulc  fcodimintth 
I  hi«  authority  of  ign  as  comnmnder-in- 

ehietorrWrain  him  from  making  promotions 
and  assignments  to  duty,  on  gvonndsoi  seniority 
and  fitn«s>  h'-ut  regard  to  political  or 

.      .,;.,'        ;,*. 

The  plan  of  Delyanni-  for  the  service  of  the 
Bbt  was  to  allocate  certain  revenues,  after  set- 
ting aside  a  Mifli.i.  M  -Mm  for  tin-  proper  work- 
ing Of  the  administrative  machine  to  meet  the 
euumsof  the  public  creditors.  For  the  admin- 
sequestered  surplus  revenues  a 
debt  commission  would  be  appointed,  composed 
of  some  of  the  most  important  and  Independent 
f  the  kingdom,  Ddt  containing  no  repre- 
vntntives  of  the  foreign  bondholders.  I'he 
•  -..in  mission  was  to  consist  of  the  Minister  of 
-ident  of  the  Hoard  of  Audit, 
the  President  of  the  Boule,  the  I'r.-ident  of  the 
Court  of  the  Areopagus,  and  the  managers  of 
three  of  the  principal  banks.  He  proposed  to  com- 
plete the  Chalets  section  of  the  Pin-mis  and  La- 
rissa  Railroad,  which  had  co,t  the  state  85,000,- 
OOOdrachmai  and  was  falling  into  decay  ;  to  save 
from  ruin  also  the  Myli  and  Kalamata  Railroad  ; 
and  to  tini-h  the  incomplete  and  neglected  roads 
throughout  the  country.  The  military  police 
wen  to  be  altered  into  a  state  civil  police  in  the 
cities  and  a  municipal  police  in  small  towns. 
Educational  fees  were  to  be  reduced,  and  the 
contributions  of  municipalities  for  primary  edu- 
cation  abolished.  After  passing  these  measures 
ami  two  bills  for  the  relief  of  the  prod  tic- 
currant*—  one  slightly  reducing  the  export  tax, 
•ndoneauthori/mg  the  Government  to  take  20 
per  cent,  of  the  superabundant  crop  and  hold 
It  back  for  a  vear—  the  Boule  closed  its  session 
on  Aug.  1.  The  provisional  reduction  of  ; 
cent,  in  the  interest  on  the  foreign  debt  was 
continued  by  Delyani,  pending  the  arrange- 
ment of  a  compromise  «  it  I,  the  Knglish.  F< 
German,  and  Russian  creditors.  Since  m.. 
the  bondholders  objected  to  the  proposal 
h*i  »*wn  made  by  the  committees  that  pre- 
tended to  speak  for  them,  the  Greek  Govern- 
ment demanded  that  the  holders  of  Greek  bonds 
should  register  their  names  and  the  amount  of 
iS?  ho7W  ••  *  Preliminary  to  the  negotia- 
tton*  apd  delegate  persons  to  act  for  them  who 
2*M  be  truly  representative.  With  the  pre- 
mfamongold  mounting  up  to  89  per  cent,  the 
Oovernment  could  only,  at  a  greatMcrifice,  ob- 
Uin  the  money  to  pay  eren  80  per  cent  of  the 
*-  T*1*"  we«  118300.000 
C|IV«»««OB.  of  which  16300,- 
^Sf  l?w"onal  gold  loans 
14.160,000  drachmal  The  debt 


•mounted 


amounts  to  $54  per  capita,  and    the   annual 
charge  for  interest  an. I  amort  i/at  ion  N 
>!       1  Ihe    reduced    interest    the 

holders  received  a  fair  return  for  tin  ir  ; 
as  most  of  the  loans  were  issued  f  •  r 
IHT  cent,  of  their  face  valu« . 

The  Olympian    (.aines.     An    int. mat  ional 
congress  hel<i  in  ran-  m  the  summer  <>' 
under  tin-  presidency  of  th«-    Itar-m  «!«•  < 

intr  the  Olympian  p-i 

en-nt  (Jreece  in  t)n-  form  of  an  internal  ional  alh- 
•imiameiit.tobeheld  indilTerent  l-iuropean 

il  Intervals  of  four  vesjrs,    The  hV- 

,  \:i\^-<  phi'-i-   in  Atiiens  in   t  In-   -p: 
and  the  second  will  be  in    I'ari^   j. 
The  L'ame-  include  gymnast irs.  running. 

D-.  t.  inn-,  rowing,  and  sailin. 
tivities  will  be  (liversifled  by  -pe H;I, -les  and  an- 
•  (Jrrek  niii'-ic. 

Ot'A  I  I  >I  ^  l.\.  a  republic  in  Central 

•••1    independent     when    • 
American  Confederation  <li— olved  in  IM  ;. 
legislative  power  is  vested  in  the  Natim. 
sembly.  a  single  chamber  elected   for  f,,,i, 
by   univcr-al   sutTrage.     The    l'n->idi-nl    i 
lieyna   Barrios,   eleeied    for  the   con^tit-. 
terin  of  six  years  that,  ends  in  l 

Finances. — Customs  duties    provide    • 
half  the   revenue,  and   cxci-e  dun,.,  on  ;, 
and  tobacco  more  than  a  quarter.     The  princi- 
pal expenditures  are  for  the  debt,  the  army,  and 
education.     About  a  tenth  of  the  r. 
to  maintain  the  regular  army 
and  men  and  pay  the  necessary  expenses  « 
militia  force  of  67,800  men.    The  Govern  meal 
has  expended  money  lately  to  procure  i 
military  arms.     It  has  also  i-recti-d    many  m-w 
public  buildinga  and  entered  into  h, 
ments  to  subsidize  railroads.    A  national 
has  been  established. 

Guatemala  defaulted  on  her  bonds  in   I 
ary,  1804.    The  bonds  arc  held  mostly  in 
land,  though   American-  and  Germans    hold  a 
part.     The  Kngli<h  bondholders  formed   a 
mittec,  with  Sir  John  Lubbock  as  chairman,  and 
sent  an  agent  to  Guatemala.     They  w.-nt 
as  to  suggest  the  forcible   intervention   of   the 
British  Government.     The  Guatemalan  <• 
rnent  declared  that  it  had  no  intention  ».f 
dialing  either  principal  or  intcre-t  of  the  del. t. 
that  the  temporary  su-pen-ion  \va-  due  to  the 

•lalion    of    -ilver.    and    that     tl 

duties  hypothecated  for  the  •.••rvicc  of  th 

reguArij deposited  in  the  trea- 

tcmalan    coinmi-  ut    to   \-',\ 

and  an  arrangement  was  finally  made  j: 
1895.     The  (Jovernment  offeml  to  j 
bond  for  £75  bearing  4  per  rent,   inte: 
exchange  for  every  £100  bond  of  the  <\ 
d«-bt.  and   for  the 'internal    U.nd-  to   jssix 
ones  for  93f  percent,  of  their  face  value.  I 
likewise  4  per  cent  interest    The  London 
holders  agreed  to  accept  this  compromise. 

Education.— Education  i-  fv  Mipul- 

«..,ry  by  law.  and  t  he  Government  maintaii. 
primary  M-hooN.  but  only  4'-'>.7*'.l  children 

••'  of  school  age  were  in  a'- 
The  Government  expended  $1.  edu- 

cation in  1894,  over  a  tenth  of  its  income. 

Railroads. — A  railroad  from  San 
capital.  72  miles,  and  one  from  Champ*  i 


HAM 


i 


UaJhuIru,  -.'7  miles,  were  complete*! 

rtlhulru.     A  railroad 

,«t*t.  huill   ».y  an  A 

1 
.ran    lionndarj. -A  ,!,*,,.,«.-  with 

•h«l   tr.--; 

BMW  wew  Blade  on   a    largo   scale.     Keen 

'  thdr  MfffMtaL  toe  destnMS 

.•ii,. I   th.-   ournnij;  of   f  rv*l*. 


Guatemalan 

.  -    •  •     •  -     •  _•  • 
the  otnerCV •  * 


Caste  Him  and 


•ytnpeihy  with  17iatnMav  and  indiratr.1 


tlllrr%r|»n|     With     Ihr 

•f,.  .:.-,    /.    -  .      .  r   .... 


to  oooewl*  lb«  <U«fNito.l 
IMII  drnumdMl  an 
A   tr.-«t%    »Mrf*n«d  i 

omplHr  MUbfActlon  to 

The    osA 

by   • 

l«.  •elecu-d  M  arbitrator. 


The  qosAioo  of  InilMiitkt 
left    to    b*    wUJad    by   • 


II 


\\\\\  Ml          puMir  in  t  hi-  Haw,. 

'••mil.  pr<«  laiiiK  <l  July  4,  1804, 
rt  Provisional  Government  that  wa* 

• 

.-.I  th.-    ihron,..      Th.- 
•.••«.«,-. l  in  »  S'liatc  and  a 

nember*  elected  for  *,x   >.-ar> 
I  suffrage,  an.l  tin-  Intt.r  aluo  of'  15  IIH-IM- 
I  ^KtJectf  iff  rage  of  native  or  tinturnl- 

s.      Thr   I'n "i'l.-nt   i- 

eketed  f.«r  *ii  yearn  »  hoiiM-<*  in  joint 

narion.    There  is  a  State  ('oiiin-il 

I^^HsiftS,  and    the    l*r<  h    iiainin^ 

The  Praaideni  is  Sanfonl  I1.   !>•'•.  .:.•,-•,-,!  f..r 

net   in 

»wn: 
in    Man-h 

General,  Willintn  owi-fj  Smith. 
merre  ami    l'i 

^^^•bal    |  I  "hi-    :tn|-.j!»    Ml    iStKJ   Wen- 

^^^•at  i.VitiT.iNHi.  f'lomestie 

hanii- 
^•l.tt.,W:..f  ....:.  *.:,,,..-.:,      Thi    ,.n-..    ;   , 

|«ar«-|.  tr.a  I  hnnlwa 

i N-l  State*,  and  the 
ports  come  fn>m  th 
Japaneee,  Thinene.  and  Hritinli  men-hantH 

trade  toother 

rtes»  'iip|N>d  to 

>t  in  1806  cargoes  were  * 

.'.T.685  ton*  it  the  port 


-A  n>al 

li"tiolu!u 


• 

n^<Mi!.     of  tho 
i» 
UM  OoTvrnroent  side  l\  I*.  C'arter.  late 


,wasmii(<kly 
ill.^J  i» 


«    |    MM..;--    •    MTlf       '»   •       I':      ••     - 

In  one  of  the  improvise 

rifle,  with  a.i.ii.ut.ition and  t  dynes*** 


•       .'inu«*»     <Mliri    uii  VMM.  w%   III    will*.  I 

-lain.    Among  70  pen 
the  at 


-II.  A.  Wahlberg.-ofSen  Franoisoo.  wnose  eav 
.wwaaarmrted.    A  aecond  fight  oeeevnd 

insurK  -lain. 

•A  .  ; 

rvMlioii  wi-re  10  At 

-aderv  in  the 

L-lNowl,.'  -.elof'the 

body  pi  an  I.  and  Robert 

**7.    There  were 

•I"  rill.  -  at, I  rnrtn.L  und   in  the  reaW 

•  -i..  rn-t  in 

inr  nrrrice  were  eomtvlled 

:\.-r  up  th.-ir  M  ier  martial  law. 

which  wa*  pr--  'mi.  ?.  Major  Seward. 

formerly  of  tin-  I  r.-t.-l  States  army. ami  Chertea 

T.  Gulick,  whf  w^  \\  ihr  Interior  in 

KaUk.ua.  and  who  < 


to  IN-  an  A 
ili-nth:  aluo  an 

Walker 

nn-iit   for  hf* 

Qi 
tion  for  Amsrien  •  itiaras 


to  death  br  a  milit* 

without  |<irtH-i|iation  in 
or  condemned  for  actual  participation  without  a 
fair  and  open  trial  and  opf-rtuntty  for  defense. 

I!  •.•.:•        ..:••:.'.-,.•• 


..II      to 

tenoa.    Identical 

lokalani  was  arrested  on  Jan. 
10  and  imprwoned  on  the  charge  of  cowj 

n.    On  Jan.  34  she  stot  a  letter 

-     ;•-      ,-  -  |,  .,     -   ,.  ........       , 

taitniiff  clemencT  for  the  miscvided  Ilawaiians 

and  oth,  r-  who  had  engaged  In  a  rebellion  for 

•oration.bat  asking  for  no  indulgrnce  fnr 

herself,  she  solemnly  renounced  all  her  claims 


|4fl 


HAWAII. 


to  the  throne  and  absolved  her  former  sub- 
jects from  all  allegiance  to  herself  an.l  her  heirs 
and  •UCHJMtnm.  donNnnj:  h.-r  intention  to  live 
henceforth  to  absolute  privacy  an.l  retirement 
u-  affairs,  mi.l  •.tT.-riinr  t..  take  an  oath 
to  support  the  r-  i  never  emoofsjp  Of 

MSistdini  t!y  <.r  uiilirvrtly  in  tin-  re.stora 

DATOhksJ  form  of  government.    Attorney- 
General  Smith  accepted  the  renun. -iat  i.-n  of  sov- 
ereign i  •  •;»'''  "f  allegiance,  on  tin-  un- 
derstanding that  the  .  A-^iueen  \\a-  in  n<>  d 
exempt   from   liability  to  pum-hmcnt   for  com- 

1  with  tin-  reset 

•T  sovereign  rights  cease,  i  M  .Fan. 

•;l,  when  she  refused  to  be  longer  hound 

by  the  fundamental  law,  and  promised  to  give 

•       .    rail  m   to    i.'  r    un-eMMi   appeal    for 

clemency  for  those  who  took  pan  in  the  in-ur- 

oo. 

The  trial  of  the  supposed  instigators  of  the 
g  II.-PIII  on  .Ian.  17.     Wileoxand 

M  pleaded  guilty  and  gnvr  information 
regarding  the  conspiracy.  The  prisoners  were 
(niliek.  Rirkard.  ,ker,  Seward,  Bowler, 

Berth  Irox,  Nowlein,  James  Italic  and 

A  i-iili-inaiin.   and    Marshall. 
John  Ciimmings.   Kalakaua's  la-t    Premier,  was 

.  i.  I.  I'.  Walker  pleaded  guilty,  and 
for  t  hat  reason  was  not  sen  tcnced  to  death .  ( ;  u  - 
;  guilt  emphatically.  A  new  royalist 
Constitution  had  t>een  drawn  up  and  a  Cabinet 
selected.  with  \i.  W.  Wilcox  at  its  head.  <  I,  \\ '. 
Ashford.  a  Canadian,  who  was  named  Attorney- 

d.  was  sentenced  on  trial  to  a  year's  im- 
i>riM>nment  and  $1,000  fine.  John  S.  Bowler,  an 
Iri-h-Amcri<  an.  was  sentenced  to  five  years'  im- 
and  $5,000  fine.  Of  70  natives  and 
half  whites  who  were  tried  for  treason  or  u\i-*- 
prision  28  were  convicted  and  sentenced  to  im- 
prisoninetr  .ring  from  five  to  ten 

years.  Whilo  the  trial  proceeded  fresh  arrests 
were  made  daily,  700  in  the  course  of  a  month. 
American  newspaper  correspondents  and  local 
journalists  were  arrested  to  prevent  undesirable 
news  from  beinp  published.  J.  B.  Johnston,  J. 
Cranstoun.  and  Alfn-d  Muller  were  taken  from 
prison  and  against  t  h«-ir  protest  placed  on  board 
a  steam-  r  iN.und  for  Briti-h  Columbia:  17  «.th<-r 
accepted  the  privilege 

of  leaving  the  country  in  preference  to  standing 
trial.  Chariest  «  o-m-ral  un- 

der the  Queen,  and  other  old  officials,  were  re- 
leased from  prison  and  allowed  to  sail  for  the 
United  States.  In  all,  284  were  banished.  The 
pmoui  condemned  to  death  by  court-mart ial 
were  retried  by  the  military  commission.  Gulick, 
Scward.  Rickard,  Bertl.  ...ann.  Nowlein, and  \Vil- 
•  ..  \.  an1  imprison- 

ment  and  fined  $10.000  eac  h  .  \  1 1   <  . 

Orry.  Louis  Marshall,  and  Judge  Weidemann  to 
thirty  years'  impri.«oi.  -wlein  and  li<-r- 

Ucmann  were  released  in  <-oi,*id.-rati«.n  of  their 
oiidosures  to  the  Qovmm<-nt.  their  sentences 
baiagsttspeoded.  The  tria  l.iliuokalani 

Docninis,  the  ex-Queen,  for  mi»prision  of  treason, 
resulted  in  her  conviction.  SU  was  condemned 
to  imDtisontnent  for  fire  years,  it  having  been 
proved  that  she  had  ministers  selected  for  the 
event  of  her  restoration,  but  not  that  she  knew  of 
the  intended  rebellion  or  the  secreted  arms.  The 
military  commission  adjourned  on  March  18,  and 


martial  law  was  suspended.     Th.-  I'nited  States 
and  British  (lovernmt  nts  hoth   rrfu-i-cl  i 
fere  in  behalf  of  those  of  th<    c. in\  irt< •(!   : 

\\llo    claimed    to    |ir     their    eili/elis     l.lit     li.i 

•  •(1    the    rights   of  eiti/eiiship   in    I , 
The  sentences  of  the  convicted  leaders  wei 
muted  on  July  -1  to  twenty  year-  of  im; 
meni.     The   British  Government,  after  inquiry, 
represented    that     Kirkard    and    Walk.' 

their  alle.i:  >"  at   Britain.      I 

ment  was  not  willing  to  recogni/*-  in  tl.. 
the  principle  Of  dual  ••ili/en-liip.  an<l  oil 
Mibinit  the  rights  of  the  matter  to  ai 

I'olili.  .il    Ml.iir*.      1  I  raoopri 

lein<    complicated    the    political    si: 

a<lde<l      to    the     perplexities    i.f     the     «  . 

After  the  (t)ii,-rn'-   f..rmal   al.dieati,.n   th.  • 
little  disposition   on    the   part    of  tl,. 
i"-llion.      When    HP 
neither  the  Tinted  States 
tervened  to  rescue  the  impri-oi.. 

illy  followed  the  ex-Queen's  ad 
the  best  of  their  lot    under  the  win- 
public,  although  individual  plotter-  still  end.-a\- 
ored  to  recruit  fililnisterin^r  expeditions  and  pro- 
cure arms  in  the  I'nited  States  an«: 
a  fresh  uprising.     The  Government  i 
military  position  SI-CUP-  by  t hnmu^lily  traiflfll 
and  efjuippin.LT  «  standing  army  of  l,2(»'i 
manv  of  them   from   the   1'nit. 
A.  Thurston.  minister  to  the  t'nited 
recalled,    having    become   persona    non   ffrjjH 
through  discussing  state  papers  pr«. 
newspaper  interviews,  and  puhlishiiiLT  reflect  ion- 
upoii  the  iliplomatic  attitude  ..f  the  ( «>\  ernrueiit 
to  which  he  was  accredit e:  \  (ire-ham 

requested  his  recall  «•:  h  was. 

sent  to  Washington  in  his  place.    The  GoTemJ 
raent  made  new  repressive  laws  to  <  I 
pressions  of  discontent.     Any  om-  \\  In.  criticise«l 
the  rulers  could  lie  tried   under  an  act  agSjflfl 
persons  suspected  of  unlawful  intentions.    VMj 
act  provides  that  any  person  susj>ected  < 
less  intentions,  hostile  to  public  order  or 
Government,  may  he  summoned  before  a  OOJHI 
and  summarily  examined,  and.  if  the  in1 
be  shown  to  nave  existed,  this  pet- 
sentenced  to  expulsion   from   the  II. 
lands.     If  the  judge  be  not  fully  convin 
may  put  the  person  under  bon  '''^Kfl 

tun-  having  yet.  been  convoked,  le- 
remained   in   t  ho  hands  of  t  he  combined  ! 
tive  and  Advisory  Councils,  the    p.- 
formed  the  original    Provisional   <. 
The  President    introduced  an  act  gi 

1 1  ment  power  to  suppress  for  a 
exceeding  four  years  any  offending  IH\ 
or  any  journal  started  in  the  place  of  01 
has  been  suppressed.     The  wealthv  suj <•. 
of  the  Government  were  very  m 
.lapai,  .il  ready   111;; 

male  population,  and  were  coming  in  ino 
numbers,  who  were  clamorini:  for  t 
ami  who  were  aggressively  independent. 
united  that  the  authorities  refrained  fr 
resting  them  for  the  same  offenses  tha 
foreigners  had  to  suffer  for.  or  released  > 
were  arrested  at  the  truculent  demand  ol 
fellow-countrymen.      The   Government 
posed  to  discourage  the  further  immigra; 


IIAVT1. 


BOVD1  Ml 


n 


Japanese,  tmt  ran  onlr  stop  their  importation  as 

^^Bbv  n  UK M  favored-nation 

••d.    An  a  counterpoise  u» 

•.•n..  l*ui  a  Hawaiian  agent 
1HW  wan  uiial.i.- 

ttHdrr  martin!  In 


fcstfsjj 


Another  act  forbade  • 
laported  under  martial  In 

IM    MM.,-',  r    •  '     I  .  ;.    (JH     \t!.i.r- 

!'••!.•    Ill   ). 
\m  i.'  H    .n. -1  ••":-  t   u'    !.    in.::,; 


(i    to  tin- 


btld  raeet- 
awaiian  Annex- 

f  MNH  nth  a  to 

;:«•<!  front 
\atit>n 

!       •        '          '    .  i  '       •      I   i        .   •    '   ' 

•.'!••  liberal 


'unit.  hn\ini;  reoognixed 
H,M,-;I   Mr.  I!  awes 

leave  of  the  ex-Queen,  who  was 
room  of  the  palace.  l»ut 

vaii.  obtained  a 
cable  between  the  islands  and 

States,  with  a 
DO  a  year  for  tw.-nty  yeai 

•  d  to  send  all  me*- 

"d    A 

icrican  capilal- 

; 

of  89  member*,  and  a  House  of 
The  President  and  electoral 


m  laosa  wanes  term  of  -i\  reaitMM  -\- 
tentative*  are  elected  directly 
o  rotes  of  all  male  citizens 
The  I'n- 

••e1^ 

-ole  source  of  the  rvr- 

customs  tar  i  ft".     Ihitiea  on  exporta 

1  States  gold  and  import  duties 

currencT.    The  rerenue  for  the  year  ending 

".  1898,  was  $7.405.^' 
it  duties  amounting  to  $3,164,900  and  import 


in  currenrr.    Thi 
M  eMteaud  in  U» 

Tbe  public  SSbt^Jaa.  1. 1**.  BMI^H  j  of  a 
•  •temal  loan  of  $t 

noting  deu  of.  tiaMip >  f%  Jti S5n4 


Ml.. 


^^••^.r 


• 


M    •  •    .  :•     .  '     .'•'•• 

In  the  north  and  on 


hortraiiddinrirdlhr 

and  sharp  fight,  put  ll..-  nUU  l-  flight,  a.  the, 

All  who  were  taken  were  inntantly  *hot.  The 
rebels  were  partimns  of  Urn.  R  Canal,  successor 
to  Gen.  Anselro  Propheta,  deceased,  as  a  caodi» 

them  to  iota  the  revolt. 

Hoi  I   \M>. 
IIOMM  KAS 

.rle  chamber,  conlainiaf  17 

,.,..,,..,    ...,;,..          '  .    .    ;   . 

Tears.  The  President  it  elected  by  popular  vote 
for  the  term  of  four  rears,  though  PWUrpoBo- 
nilla,  PrrM 

estate  as  leader 

and  was  elected  on  Deo.  84. 1898.  by  a  coostito- 

entassembly.    There  is  an  active  army  of  99t 

«ut  20.000  militia.    The  rembiie  is 

»  be 44850  square  mile*,  vitha  poprn- 

of  890.048.    Tegucigalpa,  the  empUaXhas 

(  oni  in  n  it  (cation*.—  A  railroad  from  Puerto 
Cortex  to  San  Pedro  Sula.  87  miles,  has  bee* 

built  twenty-five  years.    Originally 

constructed,  fell  into  disuse,  and  nnT 
.in. nt   management.-  reaoht 

•ita.  until,  on  Feb.  tt,  189ft,  an 
hamelecon.  6 
The  line  will  be  continued  to 

for  a  railroad  from 
coast  and  to  one 

Nicaragua.    There  are  1JBOO 
legrapk 

tral  American  lalen.- The  hostile  ads 
ii  liritain  in  Nicaragua  gava  a  fresh  im- 
pulse to  the  movement  for  confederation  of 
the  five  Central  American  republic*.    First  a 

alliance  between  Honduras  an 

concluded  and   promulgated  on  Mav  4. 

The  treaty  did  away  ^ 

artes  between  the  two  countries 

th.-  two  contraeUntr  govemmenU  to 

all 


in  favor  of  union,  and  in  June  a  conference 
called    by    President   Gottierex.   of    Salvador. 
President  Bonilla  and  Xelara,  the  Ni 


Itf 


.:« -HAKD   MORRIS. 


President,  met    him  at    AmajN 
the   .ju«  -ti"ii   of   union  and  Hie  I«MU-  <>f  agree- 
ment* tending   toward  federation.     An   agree- 
ment was  prepan  I  «!r..  h  prohibita  axilatnora 
it  ion*.      P'r.  si,|,.m    Barrios  de- 
,  art    in  a  federation 
unless  the  did  claim   of  (iualeinala   to  suprem- 

•i  the  ground  of  its  superior  si/.-  and 
(•opulation  should  be  recognized  beforehand. 
President  Iglcsias.  of  Costa  Rica,  on  account  of 
a  boundary  depute  with  Nicaragua,  also  de- 

\  tO  cslablix.' 

manent  peace  in  Central  America  was  drawn 
up  and  -igncd  by  the  heads  of  the  three  repub- 
lics. The  compact  unites  them  into  a  single 
nation  in  regard  to  their  external  political  and 
commercial  relations.  The  united  ivpubi. 
i--  kii"wn  il'lie  of  Central 

mala    and  i   aNo 

accept  the  agreement,  when  the  title  will  bo 
the  Kepubhr  of  Central  America.  The  ii 

-  of  each  republic  will  continue  to  be  car- 
ried on  mi-:  constitution  bv  its  proper 
legislature.  All  external  affairs  will  be  trans- 
acted under  the  directions  of  a  Diet  consisting 
..f  one  deputy  from  each  legislature  and  one 
other  member  representing  each  republic.  The 
members  serve  three  years.  A  majority  vote 
decides.  I:  i-ions  with  other  govern- 
ments the  Diet  chooses  one  of  its  members  to  act 
a*  pleni|»otentiary.  It  appoints  all  diplomatic 

Mild    «•  The    Diet    meets 

annual!)  at  the  capital  of  cadi  republic  in  turn. 
All  qucxtionx  now  in  abeyance  or  that  may  arise 
in  future  between  any  «'if  the  republics  "and  a 
foreign  government  snail  be  discussed  by  tin- 
Diet  according  to  data  and  instructions  fur- 

iiinent.      If  it    be 

impossible  to  arrange  in  H  friendly  manner  a 
Question  present  D  or  to  have 

I  hi-  question  xubmitted  to  arbitration,  it    slmll 
all  three  governments,  and  a  majority  of 
;«•   whether  to  accept  the  result 
nations  or  to  declare  war.     When 
arbitration  is  agreed  upon  the  Diet  shall  nomi- 
nate an  arbitrator,  and  must  select  from  among 
the  residents  of  the  American  republics. 

Ill   M.  KM  II  \KI>  MuKKIs.ar.tiitect.born 
in  Brattleb.  B;  died  in  New- 

port. H.  I..  July  31, 1895.    He  was  a  son  of  Jona- 
than Hunt,  a  Representative   in  c 
many  years,  and  a  younger  brother  of  William 
Morn*  Hunt,  the  painter.    In  1*j:5  he  was  grad- 
uated at  the  Boston  High  School,  and,  I 
chosen  the  profession  of  arrhiteeture.  «• 
Korope  to  study  in  the  same  year.    Hespen 
with  Samuel    Darier  in  Geneva,  Switzerland. 
•      .     .  f   Hectorlx-fuel 
in  I'arin.  and  aUo  became  a  student  at  t  h. 
des  Beaux  Arts.     During  the  nine  years  he  was 
with  l*fuel  he  made  several  professional  jour- 
am  in  Kurope.  Egypt,  and  Asia  Minor.     In 
1854,  I  A- fuel  succeeded  Yiaconti  aa  an  hi 
thr  ww  building*  connecting  the  Tuileries  and 
the  Lonvr*.  and  secured  for  his  pupil  the  ap- 
pointment of  inspector  of  the  work.     Mr.  Hunt 
was  placed  in  special  charge  of  the  Pavilion  dc 
la  IiibliatlieQne,opDoaitetne  Palais  K  oval,  and 
•adar  his  duel  made  all  the  studies  and  draw- 
ings for  that  work.     He  returned  to  the  1'nited 
States  in  1H55.  and  established  himself  i: 


ItT,      I  MX  first  eiiKap-inent  h. 
Thomas  V.  Waller,  whom  he  axxixj,.,!  in  j 
me  plans   f..r  tin-  com|ih>l  ion  of  the  Capitol  in 
nu'ton.     On  scttlm-;  perinaiieiitly  i 

for  stud, 

to  those  in  Paris,  at   lirst   in  the  \'\\\\< 

.ird    in   the  Tenth   S; 

Building,  which   he   had   recently  d> 

I    uas    inllueiitial    in'    foimdn 
American  I nst it ut<«  of  Architects.     1 1  is  tii 

•  k  comprixi-d  designs  f..r  the  f< 
entrances  to  Central  Park.  whi.  i 

the  Park  Department  inlsiM).  but  up  toil: 
cut  time  have  not  Keen  curried  out.      In 
Mr.  Hunt  was  principally  en^aured  in  stn 
travel   in  Kurope.  beinir  part  of  the  time  u'pupfl 
of    Har\c    the    sculptor,   and    ii 

member  of  the  jury  of  the  Pan-  r;\p"-ition.    In 
l^;i»  he  entered   o'n   the   really  |iroducii\. 
of  his  career,  which  \\r-\  e\hibitnl  the  results  ,,f 
his  study  and   the  direction   of  In-   min<l  in  the 
line  of  domestic  architecture  at    Ne\\por 
His   work   I  here   transfonned    that    city   ! 
|>opular  Miminer  resort  to  a  OOStly  anil 
residential   place,  replete  wit  h   charm   and  '«,MI- 
fort  all  the  year  round.     His  genius 
to  find  expression   in   preat    business  sin. 
so  that  within  ft  few  Tears  he  distinguished  him- 
self as  the  creator  of  a  uni«pie  style  of  both  do- 
mettio  and  business  architecture,  'h. 
appointed  a  member  of  the  jury  of  ih. 
K\poxiti,,n  at  Philadelphia-.     I'lis  last  not. 
lie  work  was  in  connection  with  the 
lumbian  KxjH.sition  at  ('hieairo  in  1^-: 
pn-si.leiit  of  the  board  "f  arrhiteri- 
confer  with  the  Chief  of  Construct ioj 
the  ^roupinp  of  buildings  and  their  an-hi1 
and  besides  this  advisory  work  he  ii 
noble    Administration    Huildin. 
Cyclop.-cdia"  for  1S!M.  pnp-s:;s,.     ||(.  W!|s 
ed  the  (Queen's  ^old   medal  by  the   I, 
tute  of   British  An-hitec-ts  in   ls«.i:{.  and 

perxonal    presi-ntation   of   it    Presjdell1 

Anderson  paid  Mr.  Hunt  and  his  work  th: 
pliment :  "  We  are  alxmt  to  do  honor  to  a  < 
of  the  L'reat  Westi-rn   republic,  one  v 
we  are  pnmd  to  enroll  as  one  of  our  p. Id  i 
ists  not  only  on  account  of  lii^h  j 

-ional    merit,  but  a! 

first  American  whox,.   name  will   appear  in  tM 
roll  call  of  illustrious  artists.  That  iheselect» 
should  this  year  have  fallen  on  one  who  has  da- 
signed   the  principal   Imilding   in   tl 
lumbian    Kxpositic.n  which   attracts   the  world's 
sightseers  to  Chicago  at  the  pr< -sent   n, 
and  which  will   hereafter  ass«x-iate  the   n 
America  with  the  most  wondrous  developmeol 
that  international  exhibitions  ),, 
or  perhaps  are  ever  likely  to  attain,  is.  to  F 

i  singularly  fortunate  coincide) 
oring  Mr.  Hunt,  in  recognition  of  L 
and  of  his  works  as  an  artist,  we  n 
we  are  thus  able  to  pay  a  L-rac.-ful  t  ri 
I'nit.   : 
distinu'uisi  ,  On  D  14,  Mr.  Hunt 

•  d  t  he  honor  of  election 

membership  of  the  Academic  des  p.eaiil 
Arts,  a  distinct  ion  rarely  conferred  on  a  foreiirm-r, 
and  a  graceful    rapplemenl    to    the   h- 
mcmb«-rshi[i  of  the  Institute,  which  he  h;: 
for  some  years.     He  was  also  an  honorary  mem- 


iirxi.i-iv.  THOMAS  in 


.rural  Society  • 

SrioadetiM  ,,f  -    i.uk,    .„!:.:..    i-  .  , 

American    I 

.»!  Ijeatfur.     In  IHW  he  received  the 

flr»t  artut  ever 


•!•  -..•  •   i 

I.N     I.;::,   i-   SdtJ 

thoM     already 
•asjtfaoad,  in 

-nmeiit    nt 
Vs.. 

in      1 

-tntue   of 

harbor; 
iu« -rial  dooreof 

1  Obsenra- 

Hlnl  i:\liili  , 

builaiQfioi  tin- 
Mil: 
inv      at     West 

I  Chapel  an.  1 

>oUage:  th< 


ig.Uoal  an-'. 

•  1  the  resi- 

Millv 


i;    llunl 

•urt  "• 
;••«!-••  William  K. 

:  the  Pocg  Mu- 

••.  Mav*.  ;  mau- 

-1;  nnil  t  mbat 

I  N      I  Ih'M  vs    HI  MM. 

>r  was  a  teacher   in    Kalii 

ally  and  in.-ntally.  I 
•ther  so  completely 

band* 
IH  I  reached 

•Jt  had  1  them— that   I 

ly  find  any  trace  of  my  father  in  my- 


tc«pt    an    inborn    faculty  fur   drawing. 
••loctsjMlaly.  in  my  case  ha- 

rtper.  and  that  amount  of 

purpnar  wht-  h  uufr^t.,11 

meat,  ami  p^iMni  uf  the  mflrt  Irfsnins  olac 
eyes  I  ever  saw  in  a  woman'*  ne»i 
mora  education  than  other  women  of  the  middle 
classes  la  her  day.  aha  had  an  esealleai  meatal 
rapanty.     liar  most 

,-fc'«t    that   .h,    ha.1  noe 
modi  time  to  arrive  at  any  onmrtasloa,  •»» 
would  say:  *I  can  not   help  it;  thing*  fla*h 
across  me!'    That  j  has  beasj  passpd 

IIM-   in   full  fttn-nK'th;   it  has  sometimas 
i  me  MM!  tru-k»,  ami  it  ha»  al« 
W  ariiest  education  was  meafvail 

M-|,,«,|   «l,,-rrl,t,  fft 

made  a  n  tn-rr    inninsilbla.  aad  he 

turned  to  rra^ln 


>e   phil«opWcal 

.any  were  stodied  with  aifir 

ness.    No  book  came  amiss.    He  took  op  one 

•  after  anothrr  -.00  in 

any  very  long,    lib  great  desire  was  to  become 

«>•  u-al  enineer,  nn.  1  U  read 


thi*  n.  n.iti.l.     Altl.Miighhe  failed  to  realise  this 

•    laM  a  I 

t>M  MiKly  of  medicine  in  the  office  of  his 
r-m-law.  a  physician.    Thence  be  pasted 

<  'ro»  Medical  - 
was  graduated  in  1846  * 

pllVMolnifV.       Of        ' 

only  | .art  of  mv  |. 
in-!*:    and 

•  :.  m  .-   ksj    i-  •  • 


pariod  b    wi  k     •  i  •  •• 


•tMk    w^    tilm^ilf^rv 

••*  that  natural 


n.-\rr  DoQaoAd  anything,  and 
alway*  a  burden  to  me 
he  architectural  and  engineer- 


afraid  there  b  very  little 
ralbt  in  m.-.     1  n«\ir       llected 
spedes  work  was 
feared  for  wa» 

ing  part  of  tin-  tnisiness,  the  working  oufof  the 
wonderful  unity  ,,f  plan  in  the  thousands  and 
tfsOMBBmi  of  <h\,  r- 

the  modin.  milar  apparatus  to  serve 

diverse  ends.**     While  he  wan  in  the  medical 

published    a    paper    in    which    be 

sheath  of  the  hair,  ami  (hi»  i>  n...  ,»;;„. 
ley's  layer. 

.«'•  was  too  young  to  qual/ 
»f  Stifgeons.  he  appUi  ^  illiam  Itumnt 

medical  aiiiwintment    in  the   navt.     Hr 

to  call,  which  he  did, 
thu*  describe*  the  result 


navt. 
d.  and 


I  think  1  M«  him  now  as  be  snlstiJ  wftb  **  r»ni 
In  hi.  hand.    Th«  flrK  thine  b*  did  va»  to  rrtom  it 

loiiMawoilMroeeasioa.    Tl»  maiwa.  to 
thrr  I  »M  an  IrUnuan.    I  Mpposs  the  air  of 


-•      •  •     ,-.  • 
-.  ..      •  •  .  *  . 
h«rkaJo«rV 

N      .    .     .         .   . 


-....-. 
1     • 

I-,.  •  .-  pasai  Iti  •.  !   •  .    • 
and  ememTon  the  books  of 

.     .,   •-.     .     .     ......     ;:..      .    : 


- ,  •  •          • . 

•       •    •      :.-.<  -    ..••    -   . 


150 


HUXLBY,  THOMAS  HENR7. 


pttestkm.    My  offlclal  chief  *t  llanlar  WM  a  very  re- 
markable pem»-U»e  lai.-  -  hardaon  an 
tnelUot  nalurmlbt,  and  far  famed  M  an  Indomitable 
irmveler. 

Month*  passed,  during  which  h; 
WM  apparently  ignored,  when  suddmh 
J..hn"  (as  the  chief  was  styled),  meeting  Urn, 
dsjHribed  the  eenrioe  in  whirh  the  "Kntth- 
snake**  WM  about  to  be  ordered :  "  He  said  that 
Captain  Owen  Stanley,  who  was  to  command 
the  shin,  had  asked  him  to  recommend  an  as- 
sistant surgeon  who  knew  something  of  science. 
Would  I  like  that!  Of  course  I  jumped  at  t  !„• 
offer.  *  Very  well,  I  give  you  leave ;  go  to  Lon- 
don at  once  and  see  Captain  Stunl. 
mw  my  future  commander,  who  was  very  civil 
to  roe,  and  promised  to  ask  that  I  should  bo 
appointed  to  hi*  ship,  as  in  due  time  I  was." 
Then  followed  four  years  of  absence  from  home, 
during  which  the  ••  Rattlesnake"  surveyed  some 
of  the  passages  round  the  coast  of  Australia 
and  explored  the  sea  between  that  continent 
..-w  Guinea,  In  the  course  of  his  vovage 
Mr.  Huxley  made  extensive  observations  of  the 
natural  history  of  the  sea,  especially  with  refer- 
ence to  the  anatomy  of  the  mollusks  and  Medn- 
so.  He  collected  a  great  number  of  specimens, 
and  wrote  several  papers  which  he  sent  home. 
Of  these  he  says: 

During  the  four  years  of  our  absence  I  sent  home 
communication  after  communication  to  the  Linmcan 
Society,  with  the  name  mult  as  that  obtained  by 
Noah  when  he  tent  the  raven  out  of  his  ark.  Tin -d 
at  lart  of  hearing  nothing  about  them,  I  determined 
to  do  or  die,  and  in  1849  I  drew  up  a  more  elaborate 
paper  and  forwarded  it  to  the  Royal  Society.  This 
WM  my  dove,  if  1  had  only  known  it  But,  owing  to 
the  movement*  of  the  whip.  I  hoard  nothing  of  that 
either  until  my  return  to  England  in  the  latter  end  of 
the  year  1850,  when  I  found  it  was  printed  and  pub- 
Uahed,  and  that  a  huge  packet  of  separate  copies 
awaited  me. 

For  three  years  after  his  return  he  continued 
in  the  navy,  and  persistently  tried  to  persuade 
his  superiors  to  contribute  to  the  expense  of 
publishing  the  scientific  results  of  the  expedi- 
tion. At  last,  weary  of  his  efforts,  the  Admiralty 
ordered  him  to  join  a  ship,  "  which  thing,"  he 
says, M I  declined  to  do,"  and  he  resigned. 

I  desired  to  obtain  a  professorship  of  either  physi- 
ology or  comparative  anatomy,  and  an  vacancies  oc- 
curred I  applied,  but  in  vain.  My  friend  Prof.  Tyn- 
dall  and  I  were  candidate*  at  the  same  time— he* for 
the  chair  of  Physic*, and  1  for  that  of  Natural  II i-t<  >ry 
in  the  University  of  Toronto,  which,  fortunately,  aa 
it  tamed  oat,  would  not  look  at  either  of  us.  I  say 
fortunately,  not  from  any  lack  of  respect  for  Toronto, 
but  because  I  noon  made  up  my  mind  that  London 
WM  the  place  for  me,  and  hence  I  have  steadily  ,i,- 
eliaed  the  inducement*  to  leave  it  which  have  at 
various  tinea  been  offered. 

In  1854  his  friend  Edward  Forbes  resigned 
from  the  place  of  paleontologist  to  the  Geolog- 
ical Survey  and  from  the  lectureship  on  natu- 
ral history  in  the  Royal  School  of  Mines.  "I 
refused  the  former  point-blank,"  says  Huxley, 
•and  accepted  the  latter  only  provisional Iv, 
wring  that  I  did  not  care  for  fossils  and  that  I 
skoold  give  up  natural  history  as  soon  as  I 
could  pet  a  physiological  post  But  I  held  the 
office  for  thirty-one  Tears,  and  a  large  part  of 
my  work  hat  bean  paLeontological." 


Meanwhile  he  hod  begun  to  attain  a  standing 
•  lists,    il.-  irai  made  a  fellow  .-r  tho 

Royal  Son, -iv  in  .Inn.-.  1S.-.1.  and  in  1 
its  medals  was  .  :  m-.n  him.     I: 

tin-   Royal  Society  published   the   ^-i.-nii- 
suits   of   his   expedition,   under    tin-    till,-    ,,f 
"Oceanic    Hydrazoa:    A  Description     of    the 
porkUa  and  Phyiophorida'.     Thu: 

tlu-  memorable  di-< -n-- i.-n  ,,11  |>ar\vm  at  tin-  n\. 
ford  meeting  of  tin*  HritMi  A— ormtion  n 
Michael    Foster,  his    friend   for  forty   \c;r 
scribes  the  event  in  these  words : 

The   bishop   ;  \\illH-rforce]   had  spok. 
loudly  from  time  to  time  during  hi.s  upeeeh. 
down  amid  rapturous  applause,  ladies  v. 
handkerchiefs  with  great  enthusiasm,  and  ii 
dead  silence,  broken    merely    l.y   greetings 
eomintf   only   J'r«im    the    lew   who   knew,  seci 
nothing.  Huxley,  then    well-ni^h    iinki 
the  narrow  circle  of  scietititic  workers,  began 
j.ly.     A  c-heiT.  ehielly  lr«nn  u  kn<»t  of  \ 
the  audience— hearty,  but  seeming  scant 
fewness  of  those  who  gave  it.  and  almost  angri]j 
resented  by  some— welcomed  the 
Then  as.  slowly  and  measured  at  : 
and  with  more  vigor  later,  stroke  followed 
the  circle  of  cheers  grew  wider  at 
the  speaker's  last  words  were  crowned  with 
plause  falling  not  far  short  of,  indeed  equal  i; 
whieh   hod  gone   before — an    applause 
genuine    in   its    recognition  that   a  strong  in.. 
arisen  among  the  biologists  of  England. 

To  the  scientific  reputation  that  he  1 
ready  achieved  he  thus  added  one  of  a 
popular  character,  and  then  -after  he  took 
among  the  great  men  of  England.  <>!• 

{•ointments  followed    his  acceptance  of  lie 

in  the  Royal  School  of  Mines.     In    ! 
made  Fullerian  Professor  of  Physiology  to  t  In- 
Royal  Institution,  and  during  the  sa 
l)e.-jiine  examiner  in  physiology  and  coi 
live  anatomy  for  the   University  of   !..< 
whirh  place  he  held  for  seven  years.    IV- 
to  1869  he  was  Hunterian  Professor  in  th- 
College  of  Surgeons,  and  during  tin-  al»s< 
C.  Wyville  Thompson  in  1875-'7<J  he  filled  hi-. 
place  as  Professor  of  Natural    Ili-t-.ry   in   the 
University  of    Edinburgli.     In    1870   hi 
elected  a  member  of  the  London  School 
and  in  its  deliberations  he  becan 
prominent  as  the  opponent  of  denomin 
education,  particularly  that    of    the    Of^^H 
rhurrh.     He  retired  from  the  board   in  1*72. 
owing  to  illness.     In   the.  same    year   ! 
elected  Lord  Rector  of  the  Univers 
deen,  and  in  1874  was  installed.    On  th 
of   Frank  Buckland.  in   1H81,  he  was  cal 
the  vacant  post  of  Inspector  General  <>{  > 
Fisheries.   Failing  health  compelled  I 
tion  from  various  appointments  in  1885,  I 
the  request  of  the  lord  president  he  i 
his  connection  with  the  Normal  SHioi.l 
cnce    and   the   Royal  School  of  Mines  a- 
and  Honorary  Professor  of  Biology.     li- 
on many  Government  and  royal  cornm 
among  which  were  those  relating  t..  fi-h«-ri«--. 
contagious  diseases,  vivisection,   and   Scottlp  | 
universities. 

The  degree  of  Ph.  D.  was  con  fern  d  on  him 
by  Breslau,  that  of  M.  IX  by  Wiirzbur- 
•  if    LL.  I>.    by    Kdinbur^li    arid    ('ambri-: 
1879,  and  that  of  D.C.L.  by  Oxford  in  1886. 


Ht    D  App 


.KY.  THOMAS  HENRY. 


King  of  Sweden  made  him  a  Knight  of  the  abo  lectured  on  the  - 1 

u»U  ha  became  a  privy  councilor  to  Anatomy  "  and  on  the 

vereign  in  1803.    The  Koyal  Society  mab  and  ti. 

-WoKetoo  medal  in  1876, itaCoobv  flatted  the  United 

^8,  and  it.  Uarwin  medal  in  lW  an  adt 

Acadrfiiv  ,,f   Natural   Bobnotl  »t    Phil**!  I    •*• 

awar.1,.1  hi...  in  1803  the  Harden  manorial  Direct  Evidence*  of 

i!      He  became  ita  •ecretary  in  1873,  aiul  ttji  the  Redo  lecture   in 

-•fll,  aanrtof  for  two  yean  only.  -The  Origin  of  the  I 

president  Uf»-CrMtion  or 

•0,  and  the  BthnokKioal  Sociely  aimilarly  delivered 

M  him  in  1H70.  while  dunn*  the    ,««,;,-  tton   »i..i 

redded  over  the  Britiah  Aaaociatioo.  Tyndall.    and 
64  he  wa*  wade  a  fellow  of  UK  the  general 


leja  of  Snrgeona.    In  1879  be  waachoaen  »oor- 

f«epon«hnK  m.-inU-r  ..f  '»«••  Kr.-n.-h  faajfani     f 
82nceV  and  in  1868  be  waa  elected  a  ' 
!  OMmber  of  th«<  National  Academ> 
.  -  abo  a  foreign  or  01 

8t»  Petarfburgt  and  Stockholm, 
uore  than  an v  other 

I  Inge  ami  pulilu-  utt«>rnn>  •••-.     In    i  "•'•"  i- 

Relation  of    M  the  Ix>wrr  Animal*.        V 

•    .   •       . ..  „  .•••••• 

1  a  nummary  of  th.<  dbcwaion  b  given  in 

KvideMea  aa  to  Man's  Place  in  Natnr*  " 

1889  he  gave  another  courw  to  work- 

.twlcdgr  of  the  (Atteat  of 
,  the  Phenomena  of  Organic  Naturo     (IM       i1 


i  anr  other  aeJanUat  of  the 
pubfio  opinion  by  hb  writ,    "J 


IDAHO. 


'.rval  Britain.     In  Un.k  form,  i 
InjK-  nii.i   • 

Worm*,  with   an    lntr.«lt:cti,.i,   <m   the   • 
,.f  Itiimtinal  Worms  by  Carl  Thcodor  von  Sie- 

Ijeoture*   on    the    Klnn. -r 
CoOptmtP 
ury  Atlas  of  ComparatiTe  OsUn>lo, 

:  •       i  .-•,:,      I-  ,    .  ,.  ^   -    .1SIJT,,: 

-  I'nliiN.nioIogia    I"'1-  -brate    Fossils" 

(1866):  -  An  liur-ilui-iion  to  the  Classifl 
..f   AuimaN"  tlNWM;  "A    Miinunl  of   the  Anat- 
omy <>f  Vertabrated  Animals"  (1S?1   :  'A  Man 
unl  of  tin-  Anatomy  «>f  Invertebrated  Aninuils" 
(1877):  "  The  Crayfish :  An   [atvodwtfon  to  the 

i  an  -Introduc- 
tory *  to  the  series  of  -  Science  Primers  "  (1880). 
Concerning  his  more  popular  works  it  ha 
vail  wi<l  that  M  for  mere  rhetoric.  f..r  polish  of 
eipresstan.  for  structural  harmony,  for  Keen  wit 
n  ma-ked  under  the  most  graceful 
urlMiinty.  for  unsparing  logic,  ami  for  luminous 
ftimpl.  \vhrn  dealing  with  tin-  most  ah- 

rtrunp  ai'nl  difficult  subject*,  the  books  which 
y  addressed  to  tin-  un-ci, -ntihY  world  are 
almost  unfMiralMrd  in  Knglish  literature."    They 
include:  "<>n  Hi-  nal  Value  of  tli 

ural   I.  ••*"  (1854):  M ProtopUwn : 

-hTBicAl  Basis  of  Life "  (1869): 
moos,  Addresses,  and   Review 
sars:  Selected  from  Lay  Sermons"  (1^71) :  Cri- 
Addr— .«  -Hun,.'"  in   the 

>l,    Mm  ..f    Letters" 

-American  Addresses,  with  a  Lecture  on  I'.iol- 

-raphy:   An  Introduction 

'1877);  "Sci.-nc,.  and 

Culture,  and  other  KssaysM(1881);  and  "  Inaug- 
ural M  i(*s  Congress:  An  Ad- 
dress "(188$.  A  complete  edition  of  collected 
esmrs,  grouped  in  accordance  with  the  p-m -ral 
subject,  was  issued  in  9  volumes,  each  with  a 
newintr<Nluction(N<  Hcwas 
•asocial cd  with  Robert  Kt  la-ridge  in  the  prepa- 


D  of  ••  A  Catalogue  of  the  Collection 
sils  iii  tin-  MiiM-iim  of  Pra.-ti.-al  Qeoli 
ami  with    N.-well    H.  Martin    in   th. 
•  al    histrurtiun    in    Klnm-nta: 

h  ua^   Huxley  who  coim-d   the  word   " 
and    of    it\   .iriirin    he    wn.te  :    "  U 
d   intellectual   maturity  and   I 
f  whether   1   \\a-  an   at  fi< 
pant  heist,  n  materialist  or  an  ideal)-' 
or  a  fn-ethinker.  I  fouijd  that  the  m- 
and  reflected  the  less  ready  was  tin 
til  at   last   I  came   to   the   c«»nelu-i"ii    thai 
neither  art  nor   part  \\iih   any  of  these  d< 
nations  except  the  la-t.     The  one  thin^  in  wlK 
most  of  these  good  peopl<    ., 
tiling  on    which    I    diMeivd    fr..m    them.     T|,c\ 
were    quite    *\m-    they    had    attained    a 
Is,1  had  ii !"?•.•  «r  less  solved  th- 

lice,  while  1  was  quite  sun-  1   I, 
ha-1  a  pretty  strong  cuiiviciimi  that  the  | 
\\a^  insoluble.     So  1  took  thought,  and  it 
what  I  conceived  to  be  the  appn-pi 

•ic.     It  came  into  my  head  a- 
antithetic  to  the  ^no-tic  «.f  Church   I. 
professed  to  know  so  much  aliout  th< 
of  which  I  was  ignorant." 

Still,  as  he  saw  the  end  approach!: 
ni'jin-st  that  the  following  words,  writti-ti 
wife,  should  stand  on  his  tomb: 

And  if  there  !•••  n<i  f 

If  all  i>  darkue--  -  rent 

Be  not  afraid,  ye  waiting  fieurtM  tlint  \\ 

•ti    liis   l.el..\- 

And  if  an  endlesa  sleep  lie  will— so  best 

Concerning  this.  Michael  Foster  say 
visitors    to    the    burial   place    on    ti 
heights  «,f  London,  seeing  on  his  tombst< 
above  lines,  will  recognize  that  the  a: 
of  science  had  much  in  common  wit  It  \: 
offai- 


I  h  \MO.a  Northwestern   State,  admitted  to 
the  Union  July  3,  1890:   area,  84,800  square 
miles;  pOfmktkML  m-ronling  to  the  census  of 
-  •     -:',>-,     «   i|  ital,  Bois^  City. 

«*f eminent. —The  following  were  the  State 
ofBoen  during  the  year:  Ctovmior.  William  .!. 
McConnell,  RMmbllesa;   Lieutenant  Governor, 
Frank    \\.   MilU  (until  A.. 
8Ule.  Isaac  Oarr.tt  ;  Auditor.   Frank  Q 
•ey ;  Treasurer,  C.  Bunting :  Attorney-General, 
George  M.  Parson* :  Adjutant  General,  A. Case; 
SttperinU-ndont  of  PuMic  Instruction.  Charles  A. 
FOWSHMMI;   State   Engineer.    Frank    B.    Mills; 
Chief  Ju*tioe  <.f  Sui  hn  T. 

Mornn;  A«ociate  Justices,  J.  W.  Huston,  I.  N 
Salhrao. 

LrsjUUtUe  Hwwlon.- The  legislature 
Jan.  i.  and  o.ntmuM  in  session  until  March  9. 
In  the  House,  16H  bills  wert-  introduced,  and  in 
the  Senate  97.    W  the  83  bills  that  were  passed 
by  both  Houses,  the  Goven  ;  .tl,d  ve- 

toed 6.  two  of  which  were  pawed  over  the 

Among  the  measures  enacted  was  the  repeal 


of  the  law  passed  unanimously  by  the  last 

lature.  providing   that    all   oltli. 

paid  in  gold  or  silver,  all  contra-  i-  to  ti 

trary  not  withstand^. . 

beinp  that  the  mea-ure  had  l..-en  dctrim- 

the    lni-ines>    interests   of   the 

making  a  new  legislative    apporti<  • 

vides  for  a  senator  for  every  count  \ 

resentation  in  the  House  i-  on  the  basis 

representative  for  e 

over  one   half  of  5M.  cast  at  the  last  «•!• 

The  new  game-and-flsh  law  abolish 

of  county  game  warden,  specifies  \\ 

clo-.-i  and    prohibits    trai 

dealing  in  hides  of  wild  anin 

inir    with    do-s.     Three    irrigation    bill- 

passed — the  joint  irrigation  bill  providing 

of  accepting  the  gift  of  1 .000.000  n. 

under  the  Carey  act.  from  the  I-Vdi-ral   ' 

ment, and  twonie.i^nre-  providing  f-.r  the 

ixationof  irrigation  di>tricts.  . 

measurements,  and  the  fixing  of  water  i 

certain  emergencies  by  the  district  c 


IDAHo 


H-  |.i-  .j «  ' '  \   •  f    '  '         :       •          .     : 
I1*?' 

if*  in  the  «y»teni  of  local  U*K 

uy  a  new  inininu'  law.  whoat 

••  to  a  provision   n^nrm** 

r-n  with.., 

..,'.'  \      -       ;  .  •  •       •     -- 

.  or  an  adit  tunnel 

.-!••  inn)    IN-  II.  unt    Miami,  r   .li- 
fe provided,  be  equivaJ. . 

location  of  nn  aiwii'i'  -IH-<I  claim. 

•cut  was  raised  from  fourteen 

engineer  was  creet, 
the  Governor  aptiointed  the 

Krank    II.    MilK  »ho  in 


total  $i«  1444*1  ;  einl  -*—  -f-uj 

43^57A»  * 

(ini, 


to  ^ni,,rt.  |7. 

*         - 


Ua,*M1jMl 

Unooeni   ui.«  leaves  a  haJaacv  of 

Re  estimair  of  e tpeaaai  for  Utt-lt  to 

h 


amount  of  $4M80  aleo  btcaaw  dae  tato  year, 
mnk. i*.  total  of  ftMUMOL  TW Hlale  Board  of 
lalftation  in  AufitfC  flied  the  valuation  of 

pHfriuM 

m  the  valuation  of 
an.l  1142.000  in 


lit    lti,-rU   ' 

.  ba  M  -    i  •  ;..- 

other  Iftwtaaaatod  *•  n 


.,.,..,     . 
-,.,,      . 
.1.  ..f 


.   .     ..      ...     ..        ..      .     . 

-,..  ;          ........ 

.o  municipal  trea»urv,  ati.l  lo 

-untiet  of  Logan  and  Alturas  and 
^^•BafNaVmn  the  county 

«•  portion 

Uinfff*>rr&rtiij»ti<>ii  fr»in  .  v     .•     • 


same  an  Uut  year. 

rn,l,-rth,-nvr,,?l.,n...f  •»., 
total  tax  levy  can  not  eireed  10  aiUI* 

dolla- 

of  debU  owad  prior  lo  the 
A  tax  levy  of 

f<>r  18M  prodaoai 
1804  was  6*  mills. 

M      ,1  output- Durinf  194  tW 
VMlTlJT* 


:  i  •       •  -         '«..•. 
»•  •      .    •    . 


of  midvaall 

t.THJMI 

-.».    The 
ralur«l  at 
tion 


of    Uad    w«s 


I  akiewalka.  the  • 
lefited,  and  paysble  to 


«l  at  fcJ.eM.430.     TV  Mai  BMl 
waa  valued  at  tS».TW,OHO.  aa 
ti^orrr  themdaelioaof  IPM 


titles  OB  Snake   river,  IMS  aMfvrtev  aaaaaal 
...   an<l  has  contributed  largely  lo  tfct 


•  .-    •  •    •  -     • 

•  iwnoval  of  ob- 

.  banknt|4- 


•"rfu>"^' 

•  «MUHtH>nal  anieadmeala  to  be  aabmittoi  to 

NaMu 


htbevmhatiiaatbeMam  TW  «m*»- 
iatMivas  a  little  over  ft  MaK    TWde- 
rmwr  in  valuatMi  to  «eJd  to  UfcllMM  of  tbe 

in  tor  tan*. 


« 

*>*!  hall.  4. 


to  • 


... 

tbe  at  1. 1  Mai*    of 
Stale*  in  tW  West  tl 
jack  r» 
^uartrr  »»•  . 

.  t.M 

.  i  »        r   .•-[»!  • »» 


IDAHO. 


ILLINOIS 


State  Land*.— The  State  Land  Department 
hat  secured  the  approval  of  888,000  acres  of 
•elected  land  during  the  past  two  years,  at  also 
the  rescinding  of  an  order  withdrawing  from 
Mttlement  1»?.000  acres  of  lan.l.  chiefly  in  Koc- 
ta^i  County,  heretofore  withdrawn  as  a  forest 
meerrstinn  '  The  State  may  now  select  lands 
there,  and  a  very  valuable  tract  of  agricultural 
land  is  made  available  for  settlement  under  the 
homestead  laws. 

The  State  has  secured  the  reversal  of  a  uni- 
form line  of  decisions  of  the  Interior  Depart- 
ment.  holding  that  double  minimum  lands — that 
i*.  land*  within  the  limits  of  a  railroad  ^rant- 
could  not  be  selected  by  States  in  sat 
grants  made  to  them. 

MirTeya.— In  the  allotment  of  the  appropri- 
aUoa  carried  in  the  sundry  civil-service  bill  for 
public  surreys  in  1885.  Idaho  received  $23,000. 
The  grneral  appropriation  act  provides  that  the 
survey  <>f  the  agricultural  lands  thereunder  must 
be  on  the  application  of  * -i 

Education.— The  State  University  began  its 
fourth  year  in  September  with  an  attendance 
of  108,  an  increase  of  nearly  50  per  cent,  over 
1804.  To  it  the  Legislature  made  an  appropria- 
tion of  $16.230  to  reimburse  the  Mornll  fund, 
and  $2,000  for  regents'  expenses. 

The  legislature  of  1898  established  State  nor- 
mal schools  at  Lewiston  and  Albion,  but  made 
no  financial  provision  for  them.  At  Albion  a 
building  has  been  erected  by  the  citizens  and 
a  flourishing  school  opened,  and  in  August  ar- 
rangements for  a  new  building  were  made.  This 
was  made  possible  by  the  legislative  act  author- 
izing the  issue  of  bonds  to  the  amount  of  $75,- 

000  for  the  support  of  the  two  schools.    The  en- 
rollment at  Albion  for  the  half  year  ending  July 

1  was  88,  the  expenses  during  that  period  were 
$5.278.22.    At  Lewiston  the  people  have  laid 
the  foundations  for  a  building.    The  amount 
of  the  semiannual  apportionment  of  the  State 
school  fund,  made  in  August,  was  $9,664.46. 

By  act  of  the  legislature  the  location  of  the 
Agricultural  College  was  fixed  at  Idaho  Falls. 

Insane  Aftylum. — In  this  institution,  for 
whose  support  the  legislature  made  an  appro- 
priation of  $65,000.  there  were  in  December  152 
patients,  of  whom  56  were  women. 

The  issuing  of  bonds  to  the  amount  of  $25,- 
000  for  asylum  improvements  was  authorized  by 


The  same  court  also  decided  that  women 
eligible*  to  practice    law   in   Idaho,   tin-  Idaho 


Penitentiary.— On  July  1  there  were  115 
prisoners  confined  in  the  penitent iarv,  of  whom 
7  were  held  on  account  of  the  United  States. 
To  this  institution  an  appropriation  of  $65,000 
wa«  made. 

BoMler**  Home.— An  appropriation  of  $28,- 
000  WM  made  for  the  support  of  the  hoi, 
a  bill  was  passed  enacting  that   the   board   of 
trustees  for  the  home  shall  consist  of  th 
etaor.  Secretarv  of  State,  and  Attorney-General, 
and  that  they  »hall  serve  without  compensation. 
The  number  of  inmates  at  the  end  of  Septem- 
|>erwas  87,  and  the  number  of  officers  and  em- 

DfclsJoa*. — A  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court 
afflrmrd  the  constitutionality  of  the  law  provid- 
ing that  water  companies  shall  furnish  water 
free  for  fire  purposes  and  other  great  public  ne- 


to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 
for  tin-  decision  wn>  that  the  Stai> 
stitutioti  provides  that  "the  Legislature  ! 
power  t<>  deprive  the  judicial  department  . 
power  or  jurisdiction  which  rightfully  p. 
to  it  as  a  co-ordinate  department  of  the- 
iiient."  and  that  the  admission  and  coir 
the  attorneys  were  within  the  purview  of  this 
section  of  the  Constitution. 

IIIINnlv    ;  Western  State,  admit  ted  to  tht 
1'nion  Dec.  :t.  1818;  area,  56,650  wp.ar, 
The   population,  according  to  each  dece:     ;.] 
census,  was  55,162  in   1820;  157,41 
•I7»5.ls:{  in    ls|i);  s:,  1.170  in   is:,n:   1,711.{I 
1860;  2,589,H!H  in  1- 
8,826,851  in  18(K).     Capital.  Springfield. 

<.o\  eminent.  —Tim  following  were  the  chip 
officers   for   the  year:  (Jnvi-nn-r.  .John    i' 
k'eld.   Democrat;    Lieutenant    (iuvernor.  . 
H.  (Jill;  Secretary  of  State.  William  II.  Hinrieh- 
•en:    Auditor.   D"a\id  (Jore;  Treasu 
Wulff,  who  qualified  .Ian.  15,  1895,  sucoeednv 
Klijah    P.   Kamsey  ;  Attnrney-(;.-neral.   M 
T.    Mahoney;  Adjutant  General.   Alfred 
dorff;    Suj»erintendent    of     Public    InMi 
Samuel  M.  Inglis;  Secretary  of   Labor  1 
George     \.   Schilling  :    l'>h  'Commi 
Roe,G.  W.  Langford,  and  II.  Schmidt;  I; 
and   Warehouse  Con.  rs,  Isaac  N. 

lips,  .7.    K.  Wheeler,  and   Joimthiu. 
Secretary  Canal  Commission.  W.  A 
Secretary  Live-stock  Commission.  A.  M.  I 
lee;  Superintendent  of  Insurunce.  lirad! 
Durfce;  Secretary  of  State  Board  of  Chu 
George  F.  Miner;  Secretary  of  Board  of  I 
Dr.  .1.  W.  -  retAryof  Board  of  D.-ntul 

Examiners,  L.  L.  Davis;  Secretary  of  B". 
Pharmacy.  Frank   Fleury;   Factory  Inspeolft 
Florence  Kelley:  Chief  Justice  of  tl 
Court,  Joseph  W.  Wilkin  :   Associate  •' 
David  J.  Baker,  Alfred  M.  Craig,  Benjai 
Magruder,  Jesse  J.  Phillips,  Joseph  N.  Caftt 
and  Joseph   Mea/le   Bailey,  who  died  in  Octo- 
ber. 

Finances.  —  The  available  surplus  of  the  treas- 
ury was  practically  exhausted  a  month  before 
Oct.  1,  1895,  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year,  but  an 
advanced  payment  of  $250,000  from  the  I 
Central  Railroad  Company  temporarily  i 
the  embarrassment. 

The   tax    rate  for  1H{»5  was 
$100  valuation,  as  equalized  by  the  S 
Thirteen  cents  belongs  to  the  school  I 
mainder  is  the  general  revenue  tax.     TheagSJP- 
gate  was  estimated 

would  be  reduced  b\  ,o.(KHi  from  delin- 

•pienciex.  removals,  etc,     I 
were  made  on  the  capital  stock 
ii'.n-.  and  this  year  on  274. 

The  total  assessment  of  railroad   : 
•  •ring!».7:JO  mih-  of  ti 

l.e-isl.it  i  \  e  Sexxjon.—  The  thirty-ninth  (J( 
eral   Assembly  was  convoked   Jai 
newly  elected    members,    and  adjourn. 
17.  aft.-r  pejsing  66  appropriation  and  M 
bills.      The    bills    included    one    appro! 
$fHK).000    for   the  ordinary  and   contit. 

«  of  th<-  State  and  one  making  the  t 
for  school  purposes  $1,000,000  per  annun 


ELUVOa 


ai.  Uuu  toMM  Uw.  ioelocUd  UM  fol- 

...,., 


iMtfiuftoft)..  Ill 

m  MnMtiin.  md  MlMtoSy  Bfcto 


-    •       ^ 


JjW*r  r*  ,cm»  tqod  to  th.  .ppfnpdtfioML  0«t^  K^CoJ^^ 

t  crwiioti  of .,.,- 1,  .  r»*  cnur  Uw  •.  will  eamnl        TV  Soldkra'  iM?Mh^ 

j^^wl^ioo.ioWu^irrki,^;of  iJ^JfcJTifcrcS 

.      A  A^k^h. 


>     r 


asStti^.*  w 

;  i  JlilT^^i^0!!! 

•  '  '•'     •'-*•.•  plttttec  tlwU  Dattmi 


of  ite 


ILLINOIS. 


by  fire  in  January.  Its  average  number  of  pa- 
ttssrts  annually  wa»  563 :  average  cost  /*  rrn/ntn. 
^KSU:  average  time  in  boapftal,  twovears. 

The  Eastern  Insane  A*>luiii.  at    Kan 
was  never  in  better  condition.     In  com 
with  thi»  a«>lum  a  laboratory  has  been  estab- 
l,,hM  and  a  |>alh.>l»i;i»t  employed,  who  gives 
all  hi*  time  to  scientific  investigations  an 
rr»!  di«cu<»ion  with  the  physicians  of  the  m-ti- 
iiiti»n.     The  total  number  of  patient-  treated 
vaftS.467.  i.  :*71.  of  which  number  99 

were  recovered,    "f  the  numU-r  treated,  78  were 
readmi  The  net  cost  per  capita   yearly 

The  Northern  Ho*pit«l  for  the  Insane,  at  Mi- 
cm,  hiul  !.«•»!  patienta,  87  bein::  readmitted. 
Ihinnt:  tho  biennial  |>eriod  514  patients  were 
discharged,  of  which  number  171  had  recovered. 
The  number  of  deaths  was  176;  the  gross  cost 


The  Mte  f.,r  the  Western  Hospital  for  the  In- 
Aanr.  a  new  institution,  has  been  chosen  at  Wa- 
tertown.  near  K«ck  Island. 

iiitentiary.  having  a  deli 
; :  is,  saki  :  :'•••  in  appropriation,  and  re- 
ceived one  of  $100,000  a  year  for  two  years. 
The  penitentiary  is  greatly  overcrowded. 
The  penitentiary  at  Chester  is  in  p.od  condi- 
The  average  number  of  prisoners  was 
656;  ordinary  cost  per  m/iila.  :*8  cents  a  day; 
earnings  per  'capi (a.  !M  cents. 

The  Reformatory   In-titution  at   Pontiac  ad- 
mitted Loll  persons  durini;  the  previous  year,  of 
111  were  offspring  of  dis-ipated  parents, 
.  and  L'o  from  families  afflicted 
with  insanity.    The  daily  average  of  inmates  was 
7flB.    The  per  capita  yearly  cost  was  $188.67. 
Education. — The  total  value  of  the  property 
.ing  to  the  public  schools  and  tne  State 
educational   institution-,  not   including   penna- 
is  $:{?.:{  11 

rmal  I'niversity,  at  Normal, 
shows  an  enrollment  of  620  students.  The 
m  -i.-l  department  enrolled  550  others.  The 
Model  Sx-hool  was  discontinued  for  want  of 
funds,  and  the  State  Institute  al-o. 

MI. -nt  for  the  year  at  the  Southern 
Illinois  Normal  School  at  Carlmndalc.  numbered 
716,  with  graduation  above  the  average.  An  ap- 
propriation of  $40,000  was  received  from  the 
State  for  a  library  building. 

The  existing  normal  schools  being  insuf 
to  meet  the  need  for  teachers,  the  thirty-ninth 
Assemblv  passed  a  bill  authorizing  the  building 
and  establishment  ..f  two  new  ••• 
the  K*»tern  and  North,  rn.     The  site  chosen  for 
the  Eastern  school  is  at  C'harle- 

Th*  University  of  Illinois,  at  Urban  a,  received 
liberal  gifts  for  the  year  and  an  appn.p; 
from  the  State  of  $325.000.  Dr.  Andrew  S. 
Draper  i»  the  newly  elected  president.  The  new 
Engineering  Hall  was  occupied  in  n,-t,,iM.r.  It 
»«  a  handsome  building,  with  a  central  hall  and 

•  irrad 

the  class  of  1883  of  the  S  |   ^rchitectnre, 

in  competition  with  15  other  graduates.  Fhe 
chief  point  of  interest  in  the  report  of  th. 
work  of  the  university  for  the  year  was  the 
.mpaign  of  a  biological  sta- 
tion for  continuous  investigation  of  the  aquatic 
life  of  Illinois  river  and  its  dependent  waters 


and  an   elaborate  exp.n 

Ailti  inea-uiv>  |,,r  the  destruction 
chiiu-h  bug.  and  especially  for  the  <li-M-m 
of  the  com.  •  .i-ex  <,f  that  in 

l.\   the    lain.  rat  or\   *\utt.      I  'art  of   II 
>  appropriation  was  to  establish  a  d 
nn-nt  of  economic  geology  at   tin-  la1 
stiiily  of  the  soil-  ..f  the  State,  with  sj 
•  •ii<-e  t«.  their  value  f<>r  purposes  of  maim! 
The  appropriations  \vere   frann-d    I- 
of     un-hasin 


cost  of  pun-hasin^  thr  Collep-  of  |'h\ 
Surgeons,  and  Us  consolidation  with  tin-  u 

Ian-lit    at  the  u 
sity  by  an  Officer  «•!  tin-  I'niti-d  Stal.-  army. 

The  university  enrollment   for  the  year  num- 
bers 718  students,  of  whom  60'.  > 
109  were  wotm  n. 

At  the    N  l.il.rary.   ii 

Vance  (  'hrm  \  i>  I  In- 

Pool,-,   who   died    in    March.    1SJM.  as    lil 
His  report  for  1895  gives  these 
are   in    the   library    1'j::.."»n;  volumes  and 
pamphlets.  ex«-lu-i\.   ..f  pamphlets  in  it,. 
cal  department,   not  yet  accrssilile. 
phlets  number  probably  17.WM).     The  en 
ance  was  $2,931.261.60."  nf  tl,. 
the  year,  45,850  were  men  and  12,768  were  " 

The  Lincoln  Homestead  and  Monument 
The  furniture,  relies,  etc..  in  the   Lim-oli. 
stewl,  Sprinu'tield.  were  claimed   l.y  Mr.  n 
a-  hi^  personal   property,  and  he  was  all<' 
remove  them.     l-'.xten>ive  repairs  ha\  > 
and   the  property  is  now  in  a   fairly  pn-.-ntal.lp 
condition.     A   numl)er  of  authentic 
ciatedwith  Mr.  Lincoln's  life  have  I  » 
by  donation,  and  have  been  place.  1  in  tin 
stead  as  the  property  of  the  Si  ate.   Inder  t 
law,  which  went  into  effect   July   1. 
Monument  became  the  property  of  t 
it  was  transferred,  with  impressive  cereim 
the  custody  of   the  newly   appointed  1». 
commissioi[ers,  at  Springfield,  .luly  :>. 

Factory  ln«.peeiion.  ..-tor's 

report  shows  that  in  1804  :j.440  factor 
workshops,  employing  130,065  i 
spected  ;  an  increase  of  1,078  fa 
shops,  employing  45.PJ1    men.  ; 
1,674  children,  over  the  number  in  1 

Agriculture.     The  Permanent  State  I 
Springfield,  is  the  latest  of  the  Slate  iiist:' 

There  are  Ix-autiful  buildings  •: 
recently  erected,  the  mo-t  imjiortant  of  \\ 
the  Dome  Building,  for  agricultural 
The  dome  is  from  the  Horticultural 
World's  Fair  at  Chicago,  and  cost  $68,00" 
entire  cost  was  $100,000.     The  fair  was 
.Sept.  l.and  was  very  SHCC.--  ful.  sh  «••.•. 
improvem<  ultural  matter-  in  theSlfM 

'air.  which  was  held 
when  a  few  cattle  were  corraled   wilhii 

and  the  highest   premiuii 
I'xhibit-  wa-  a  -ilver  rnuir  costinjr  j^pi 
cut    fair  grounds  contain  i    • 
(  '..iint  y  t:ave  the  additional  donation  of  £ 
to  the  Board  of  Airri'-ulture  toward  • 
of  the  project.     The  Board  of  Agriciilhn 
ceipts  for  the  year  were  $182,000.  and  tl 

$140,700. 

The    Karmer-'    Institute   WHS   held 
field  in  January,  and  the  Illinois  Breeders'  Asso- 
ciation during  the  same  month. 


INDEPENDENT  K.  C.  CHI  Kill.    347 


The   average  vieid  of    buckwheat   waa  90*1 

' 
age  jrinu  of  potatoea.   lUr«  m 


before  ;  OKI  •vet- 


i  Year     eore  ; 
100-7  buabel*; 


,                ilairdftUtementatoJJarch  Flake rif*- Tbe  oUiU*  erf  1§M  ««frr»d  badly 

f  >itainea»  at  the  beginning  of  the  from  tbe  drought.    Vfom  lia«aaa  l< 

noraaaad  $8300..  mitea  below  Uea  than  6  laka*  bald  w^erem** 

^4.    Ixana  bad  decr«-a»rd  i..  ke»j.  fUl, 

i,.  «.-.::;      '"'  i"  f78.CNM.ttBW.  ..r  .. 

toaotta  leaf  tiian  89  per 

lioweti  an  incrcaaa  of    oommtoaji*.  flab  were  aaved  from  drying  fUaama 

~W  tbe  e»pf4y. 

rage  oaahreaerve  being  38  par  oanCaod    tbua  amving  auDioo*  of  pouada.    Tbe  flab  Tad 

m  tfcaat  ami  from 

A*  foil,,*  :  |...ui.«  iiixi  .liNcounla  ag>    drying  poob  along  tbe  llliaoia  and  Mamfrnfaai 
.440^8;  oaahon  »,«.,».  *!•.•.;•.-,      r.vera.  eooatataddiiaiy  of  black  !••   nTMiifc 
TAM.      wall  r%ed  ptke.  warmoutb  bam.  wbiU  lawTS 
IdtpOaftaanbJrt  ...     spotted  cat  flab. 

.maod  aad  UmeoerUDoaU.of    ^Prom  one  point  on  the  lUiaofc  888)088  poaami 
a.H44. 149^5 ;  total  reaourcea,  $188,.    of  carp  ****  -  ago  and  Sew  York. 

Swamp  Laa4a.— Tbere  were oa  lawbaakiaf 
la.— The  fiiiniiiary  of   the    railway    the  General  Land  OaVa  two 

land  aeleciiona  in  Illinob  afl 
or$oU8Bi 


11^8989,^988;    rejected.    So  fa,  aa  tW  claim  of  lUmoa,  far 


M»;  total  income    indemt 
nafrom 

of  nearly  all  the 
1 711   aU.«e      v-ar»         '  !,    • 

an«l 

\MB ;  86 ahowed  a  net  deficit     'I 
iiumU  r  <  f  pamengew  car-    aHtkd.    With  tiled 
tona  of  freight,  56.786.687;    have  become  the  me 
total  annual 


.  $46348.*  their  vicinage  to  U 

•awigvn  Killed,  e-'i :  injured,  a.v» ;  rm-  in  food  repair  an«i 

. 

UMtw—  The  n  mi  i  NT  -.f  cximpanim  trana-         I  \ 

•anaas  in   III,..-,*  U«.  8171804.  waa:  4  ill  i:<  II.  a 

tire  and  marine  aOaVBMttM,  Clevrland.  Ohio. 

ial  fire  comiianiea.  U  ;  joint-Moc-k  a  c«.i. 

marine  in-iiraiice  companies  of  other  convention 

.iiaurancecompanieaof  99^ 

*>:  foreign  fire  and  mannr  in»ur- 
,MHI..-.:L-,:  total,  I ••.'.».  llUn  -  d  aMal 
Ire  oompaniea,  19:  lllinote  County  mu- 

!-.»:  Illint.tH.ltMri.t  mutual 

m  com|iani«9t.  *J  :  Illinois  I'ount*  mutual 

(•aniea,  4;  total.  200.    Thia  re- 

•ie  atalemi  ...recorapa- 

I  tbe  previous  report.    The  amount  of 

1:1806.  a  de- 

83UH.O4U.     The  il.^na-M-    in 
n  the  State  waa  $38.07 1 
r.— The  (governor  a|.j..int..l   it. 
r  mining  inspector*  under  the  new  law 
•r  inspection  and  *af.  c'mrd*  at  the  880 

tbe  coal    n  .-  Stale  for  the 

ing  July   I.  1W4. 

ita.  again* 
I  Ions    tbe  year 

kind*.  KM:  number 
pat.  88.477 :  number  nndarground.  89.- 
rregate  home  value  of  total  product. 

17  oaota.     There  are  906  mining  ma- 

I  here  were  73  fatality,  and  881 

f  injunNl.     The  numU-r  •  f  new  mine* 

nd  old  oaai  reopened  waa  136.     8l» 


matter* 

<  hurrh  |.r\.$- 
pie;  financial  affair*  «.f 
thrhan.Uof  acommill*. 
the  people  to  ha 


tbe  BafUaa  Uagwy 


INDIA. 


in  a  tyrannical  and  arbitrary  manner.  1 
upon  them  as  mrm  cattle,  refusing  them  thur 
jurt  right*,  and  in  every  manner  trampling  upon 

;,...,.      ,,.   ,.  .  ,   .  '  ...  -  i,  £  Kbopsan 
adacsjtul  persons  and  not  wild  beasts;  and  », 
desire  to  enter  oar  solemn  protest  U  fore  the 
Asserican  people  againut  the  unjuM.  illegal,  ty- 
HMiatJ,  ami  arbitrarv  manner  in  which  they 
aft.  trvaicd  by  the  said  bishop^ 
strength  of  the  movement  is  in  Chicago.  < 
land  ami  Buffalo.     It  should  not  be  confounded 

th«  Polish  National  Alliance,  which  sea. 
I  MM  \    .»n  empire  in  southern  Asia  M. 

M  Britain,  governed  under  general  acts  of 
the  British  Parliament  by  a  Governor  General 
under  instructions  from  an  Kngli.-h  Secret 
Slate  for  India,  who  i-  a  ni.-mU-r  <>f  the  Cabinet, 
rasponsftie  to  Parliam.-nt.  The  Viceroy  and 
Governor  General  is  the  Karl  of  Klgin  and  Kin- 
cardine, appointed  in  October,  1898.  The  ordi- 
nary members  of  the  Council  of  the  C.overnor 
General  in  the  beginning  of  1895  were  Sir  A.  E. 
Miller.  Sir  Charles  B.  Pritchard.  Lieut.-Gen. 
Bra<  kenbunr,  James  Westland,  and  Sir  A.  P. 
MacUonneli.  The  commander  in  chief  of  the 
Bengal  troops,  Gen.  Sir  <;.  S.  White, is  an  ex- 
traordinary member,  as  also  is  the  governor  or 
lieutenant  governor  of  the  province  where  the 
il  sits.  The  governors  of  Madras  and 
Bombay,  Lord  Wenlock  and  Lord  Harris  in 
1895.  have  each  a  separate  executive  and  leg- 
islative Council  and  civil  service.  The  Vice- 
roy's Council,  assisted  by  a  dozen  adjunct  mem- 
bers, half  of  whom  are  natives  of  India,  acts  as 
a  legislative  council  for  the  framing  of  laws 
and  regulations,  to  be  passed  upon  later  by  the 

'.    -..-!.    r  '..;;<  ra:  »r-';l -in  :;t«-d  \Mth  hi-  approval 

to  the  British  Parliament  Henry  Fowler  was 
succeeded  as  Secretary  of  State  for  India  at  the 
end  of  June.  1895,  by  Lord  George  Hamilton. 
(For  area  and  population,  see  "Annual  Cyclo- 
pedia "  for  189C) 

Defense. — The  European  army  provided  for 
in  the  estimates  for  the  year  ending  March  81, 
1895,  consists  of  8,477  officers  and  70,563  men, 
comprising  85  general  officers  in  the  infantry 
and  cavalry,  29  general  officers  unemployed,  80 
officers  in  the  staff  corps,  -J?  officers  and  men 
in  the  invalid  establishment,  1,508  officers  and 
en  in  the  infantry,  261  officers  and  5,418 
in  the  cavalry,  280  officers  and  74  men  of 
the  royal  engineers,  and  497  officers  and  12,822 
men  of  the  royal  artillery.  The  native  army 
numbers  145,738  officers  and  men,  making  the 
total  active  army,  European  and  native,  219,778 
if  all  arms.  The  native  army  is  composed  of 
88  European  and  26  native  officers  and  4,472 
men  in  the  artillery,  862  European  and  627  na- 
ttf»  officers  and  38,489  men  in  the  cavalry 
European  and  2,045  native  officers  and  110.642 
mm  in  the  infantry,  and  a  corps  of  sappers 
•nd  miners  consisting  of  58  European  and  63 
native  officers  and  8,845  noncommissioned  offi- 
cer! and  privates.  Of  the  European  soldiers 
4M72  «re  stationed  in  Bengal,  18,465  in 
bay,  and  14,170  to  ItadfasTThere  is  a  volun- 
tasr  corps,  composed  of  European  employees 
•nd  other  residents,  the  effective  strength  of 
which  b  24,950  men.  The  contingent*  furnished 
hfMtije  princes  and  inspected  by  European 
officers  form  an  MU  force  of  19,294  men. 


The  nayal  force  for  coast  defense'  co 

of  2  turret    ironclad-,  i.f  about   ;{.(MMI  (.in- 
armed   with  4  s-inch   pins,  a  dispatch   vessel, 
2  first-class   torpedo  gunboats,  an.l   ;   t,,rped<> 

h.  .als. 

I  i  minces,— In  1894  the  net  revenue  w. 
50,828.000  HIH  1  the  net   ,-\|.ri..lnuiv   Kx  :. 
0<)0.    The  estimates  for  1895  were  framed  to 
meet  a  further  decline  in  the  value  of  th«    ru- 
pee, which  for  the  preceding  year  was  tak*  n 
as  14*6(2.     I  \hausted   the  resour 

taxation,  the  Gm  eminent  abandoned  militarv 
works,  suspended  the  famine  insnranci-  fund. 
and  drew  on  the  provincial  revenues.  The  net 
revenue  was  estimated  at  Kx  50,948,500,  an<l  t  In- 
net  expenditure  at  Hx  51,245,400.  hut  i 
change  fell  in  '  r  months  of  the  year 

from  I4d.  to  12%W.    '1'lie  Indian  Gkywnmenl 
then   ] imposed    and    the  Secretary   f<>r 
lli-nry  Fowler,  assent  cd  to  putt  ing  on  a  • 
5  per  cent,  on  cotton  p-«.d>.  |>r«>mi>ii.. 
as ii ire  manufacturers  that  if  it   should 
protective   in   its  operation  it  would  l» 
justed.    The  railroad   receipts  sliow.d    an   im- 
provement, there  was  a  reduction  in  the  army 
expenses,  and  the  opium  revenue  was  i 
increased  by  levying  a   higher  tax  on 
opium.    The  tax  on  petroleum  was  increased, 
and  a  duty  was  levied  on  silver  imports.     The 
budget  estimates  for  1805  made  tin 
HIM-  Kx  '.fJ.o-Jl.lKMi  and  the  t-.tal  -xpenditure  Kx 

'.PJ.UVMJ.SIMI.  Tin •  it, 'in- of  re  venue  were:  Land.  Kx 
25,703,600;  opium,  Rx 6,398,600 ;  sal; 
200 ;  stamps,  Kx  4,561,800 ;  excise,  Rx  5,3 1 
provincial  rates,   Rx    3,525,300;   custom 
2,872,900;  assessed  taxes,  Rx  1,740,900;  f 
Rx  1,646,000;  registration,  Rx  440,000 ;  tribute, 
Rx  775,200;  interest,   Rx  856,800;  post 
telegraphs,  and   mint.   Kx  2,656,500;  civil  de- 
partments, Rx  1,611,700;  railways,  1 
400;    irrigation,   Rx  2,463,800;   build  in  L 
roads,  Rx  629,200;  military  depart im-i.- 
809,700;  miscellaneous,  Rx  982,700.     Kxpendi- 
ture  under  the  various  heads  was  estimated  an 
follows:  Interest,  Rx  4,611,400:   refund 
Rx  1,808,200;  charges  of  collection.  I; 
400;  post  office,  telegraphs,  and  min1 
800;  civil  salaries,  Rx  n.'.».v.».-JW:  misceli: 
civil  charges,  Rx  5,754,000 :  famine  relief 
ance,  Rx  55,000;  railway  construction,  !,'•• 
400;   railway  revenue  account,  Rx  22,5".^ 
irrigation,  Rx  2,909,400;  buildings  and 
Rx  5,489,100;    armv. 
works,   Rx  152.300;  total,  Rx  M.r.lUW. 
which  is  deducted  Rx  1,184,400  of  expenditure 
from  provincial  balances.    The  capital  ex: 
ture   on    railroads   and    irrigation    won 
charged  against  the  revenue  was  < 
Rx  5,000,000.    The  additional  taxes  and  . 
di nary  resources  that  were  resorted  to  ( 
ed  the  budget  into  an  estimated  snrplu- 
1.230,000  in  spite  of  the  embarrassing  1 
exchange,  which  amounted  to  27  per  cent,  of  the 
net  revenue. 

In  the  budget  for  1896  the  expenses  < 
Chitral  expedition  (see  AFGHANISTAN)  had 
provided  for,  and  extraordinary  resource - 
no  longer  be  drawn  npon.    The  Chitral  • 
tion  cost  Rx  2,860,000  and  the  expense  of 
cupat ion  of  Chitral  is  Rx  200,000  a  year, 
tary  expenditure  was  further  increased  by  rais- 


INDIA. 


• 


tug  the  |*r  of  the  aepora  from 
MMlh  and  there  was  a  further  loss  by  < 

;,  jMUTm     'it,.   ;  -,»:    :    rani  i 


This  was  not 

interest  bv  the  convafakm  of 

d  it*  v.'?'.-»  la 


IJBoUlOO.  bring  nearly  »  nar  aaa*.:  in  «j*» 

".--     ••  . 

cent ;  in  min  and  paJaa  there  via  a  derlm*  of 

Kx  4  J987JMO,  or  *>«  par  earn*.    One  writ  of 

M,,-  aloam  •  '.  •;.,  Mils:  •!•*  '     --....-  MI   • 


•  • 


..f  India  an.....  !«,- 

OQ.UUO.    The  aaarts  in  the  form  of  railroads. 

ffOffca,* 

Mil   debt   was  oonrerfed    and    the    rate    of 

•  percent.    Thester- 

Knglaiida  <(06.- 

rhlrh     th.«     < 


owner,  in  the 
lattrr  almost 


the  Oriental  market. 

The  value*  i.f 
of  imports  were  lor 


Botwnm.  i.! 
and 


ajt   j.ur- 
l«*n»  to 


railroads,  oath 
eompaniea  amounting  to 
ling  debt  ha*  been  increased  by  about 


tidonin  prtfer- 

•erce,-Thc  imports  of  roe  re  hand  be  for 
1804,  wart  valued  at 

The  import*  of  »il\< 

M46JWO,  making  the 

Indian   merchandise  were   Kx    102.015.615;  of 

faraign  merchandise,  Rx  4.481.975;  of  silver. 

i:  ofgold.  Rx  2.506J384.    Total  ex- 

:,'4»7.    The  commerrial  move- 


The  valu. 

pn«lu<v  f..r  tl.r 

S5^ 


•aM  waa  atrongly  afleotad  bj  iba  elomra  of  UN  ti    ntiai" 

•tola  to  direr  on  July  S6,im.    The  exchaofa  Cmmm***m 

<*  roee  at  once  from  Uf/.  to  8KS«i«M'ia« 


rupea 

rnment  made  this  the  official 
la,  but  ctmld  not   h»ld  it.  and  wa*  afterwanl 
1  bills  at  a  lower  rate.     I mpo ri- 
ft vantage  of  the  artificial  rate  of  ex- 
put  gooda  on  the  Indian  market,  and 
Uinur,!  th.-ir  iiii|H,rtati..ns  aft.  r  ih-    rupat  I- 
a  t«.  fall.   U-intf    npi.r.-h.-nM\.-    tl.ur    £    f»:i 
intii  the  rupee  reached  ita  bul- 
value.    The  result  was  that   imi 

in  ,,r 


•acatded  those  of  the  preceding  year 
The  cloaur  mints  had 

simulating  the  importation  of 
uetal  were  rushed  in 
.«  hope  of  their  arriving  before  the 
aloatd.  and  afterward   the  bankers  tm- 
ailver  han«  and    exchanged    them    for 
reference  to  buyingCouncil  bill*  at  a 
asad  rate,  for  the  natives  were  eager  to  take  ad- 
Taatage  of  thr  ,-h,apn.^  ..f  ailrer.  think  ing   •  • 

.'»••  it  made  into  ornaments.     More- 
be  rulers  of  native  state*  imported  silver 
rui*^.     Tin    oiifrt.-w     f  gold  that 
.  h  in  Yaaaaning 

•i    the  importa  of  merchandte   the 
^aaa,  amounting  to  more  than  half  of 
>  cotton  gooda  and  yarns.    The 
import*  of  metals  also  greatly  increased, 
than  half  the  total  finporU  oontiaHrt  of 

«'   tra«lo   in  cottoi 

*ted  by  the  expected  import  duty,  and  ex- 

•«a  were  retarded  by  the  same  onaaa. 

the  total  exports  ahowed  no  appreciable  in- 

'"ass  over  those  of  the   year   preceding.     In 

«otton  yarn  and  gooda  there  waa  a  deottfja  of  B> 


. 

..-,._.    ,f  i,,  i,. 
n»*rne  01    IOQM 

f          ..:1"   • 


INDIA. 


The  value  of  the  trade  across  the  land  frontiers 

.  the  foregoing  figures.     I 

valur«l  in  IWW-1M  »l  Kx  4,08«.4<n>  for  imports 

mn,j  j;  -s.      While  the  trade 

with  I'andahar  and  Citbul  has  declined,  and  that 

with   Nt'|*»il  *i  re  shows  some  falling 

off  ther*  h«*  been  an  increase  of  imports  from 

and  the  trade  with  the  -  '•*  and 

-mm  and  western  China  is  growing  at  a 

Sanitation.— There  were  entered  during  the 
year  189&-1M  at  the  ports  of  India  5,080  vessels, 
of  8.797.911  tons,  of  which    I.'1 
tons:  were  British:  925,  of  184,831 
British  Indian:  1. 506, of  82,789 tons, *• 
and  •».  of  504.074  tons,  were  foreign.    The  to- 
tal number  cleared  was  4,965,  of  8,867,975  tons. 
Of  the  vessels  entered,  713,  of  1,57.~»  :<»  tons 
and  of  those  cleared,  938.  of  Urns, 

passed  through  the  Suez  Canal.  The  Dumber 
of  vessels  entered  coastwise  with  cargoes  was 
105.7n;  the  number  cleared 

was  96.14"i.  of   ll.l.V.J.07*  tons     There  were  98 
vessels,  of  8^80  tons,  built   during  the  year  in 
India. 
Railroad*.— The  Government,  owing  to  its 

;il  ••mhairansinents,  has  abandoned  for  the 
present  the  |mli«-y  of  Mib>idi/ing  railroads  and 
invited  private  enterprise,  but  still  it  will  not 
encourage  the  building  of  lines  to  compete  with 
the  guaranteed  roads.  The  existing  lines  have 

ianned  with  reference  to  P.ritish  commerce 

than  to  the  commercial  needs  and  popu- 
loosness  of  tin-  districts  served.  Bombay,  the 
-ourceof  Indian  cot  ton  and  wheat  for  l.nur 
land  has  1  mile  of  railway  to  8,000  inhabitants, 
nnd  the  wheat-growing  Punjab,  with  small  com- 
mercial interests,  has  1  mile  to  11,000  of  popula- 
Ahile  Bengal,  with  enormous  tea  produc- 
tion, with  steam  textile  manufactories,  with  vast 
undeveloped  coal-fields  and  prospective  metal 
industries,  has  only  1  mile  to  39.000  of  its  popu- 
lation. The  Indian  network  had  a  total  length 
<56  miles  on  March  :n.  isirt.  During  the 
previous  vear  356  miles  were  built.  There  were 
•J..M7  mil.-*  under  construction  or  sanctioned. 
There  were  in  1894  8.606  miles  belonging  to  the 
Government  but  operated  by  companies,  5,199 
miles  operated  by  the  Government,  2.587  miles 
operated  by  guaranteed  com  pan  i—.  jn::  miles  be- 
longing to  assisted  companies,  809  miles  owned 
by  native  states  and  operated  by  companies,  838 
miles  owned  and  operated  by  native  states,  and 
58  miles  of  foreign  lines.  Tne  gross  earn  i 
all  the  railroads  in  1893  were  Rx  24,048.2?'.'  and 
theoperating,.xpen»<-sl;x  17  I,' 

per  cent,  of  the  receipts.  The  net  earnings  were 
Ri  12££5.777.  giving  an  average  return 
par  cent,  on  the  capital.    During  1893  there  were 
hanapuiUui  135,530.447  passengers  and  38,851,531 
Ions:  ton*  of  freight   In  1894  gross  earnings  were 
IUfefiOft356:  working  expenses,  Rx  11,983,930, 
or  4W8  per  cent,  of  the  receipts;  and  in" 
ings.  Rx  13J&UH6.  Thenet  profit  on  the  capita] 
invested  was  5-69  per  cent.,  but  the  (Jo-,  ,-rnment 
Mi<«inM  a  net  loss  of  Rx  1,»70.(KK).     II 
rmmont  pay*  an  average  rate  of  4f  per  cent,  on 
th«  captul  raised  by  the  guaranteed  com: 
which  i«  increased  to  over  7  per  cent,  by  the  fall 

hange.    In  the  Ganges  delta  a  beginning 
has  been  made  of  railroad  construction  by  pn- 


witli  rupee  capital  and  na- 
odian  managers  and  engineers- and  n 
tire  native  staff.    The  first  Imeilm-  !>uil: 
length  of  :H  miles.     To  facilitate  the  undertak- 
ing of  '"the  trunk    line-    l«y  attracting 

.pilal.  the  (iovrnimeiil  carried 
in  1895  empowering  companies  i,,  |,a\  t\\\ 
out  of  capital  during  the  eoiist  met  i< >n  < 

The  llurnai   Kail  road,  opened  in  ! 
COM  the  Indian  (iovernnient  millions  of  pounds, 

hat  been  abandoned  k>  • -i-iid.-s  mak*-  the 

rout<-  unsafe,  and   in   its  place  a  in  w  <ldui 
has  been  I  milt  t  hnni^h  t  In    i  uuret 

Sibi  aiid<t»urtta.    Another  -iratei:ic  line  i>  L.-ing 
built  lo  connn-i    the   fortress  of  (^uett a.  which  6 
already  in  direct  communication  with  K 
on  the'  one  side  and  Lahore  on  the  oth, - 
Peshawur  also. 

I'oxK  .in.l    I  ele-r.iphx.     The  urn 
ters  and  other  mail  matter  carried   in    1^ 
380^0!M»7r,.     The  revenue  was  l;\  1,488,8' 
expend  it  ure  II  \  \.~>\^ 

The  (iovenillient    telegrilpll   lines  Ol 

1893,  had  an  aggregate  length  <>f  -ll.n:;o  mMy 
with  12d.2"»l  mil«--  of  \sin-.  The  niiuil»er  of  pj| 
messages  wa  ::.!i^l.H  1  during  tin  year  :  receiM 

and  expense- 

junction  between  the  Chinese  and  the  Indianj^H 
ti  in-  was  effected  on  the  frontier  of  Upper  Bur-i 
niah  on  March  16,  1895. 

O|iiuiu   <  01 issjun.  --iiiniiv-i.in. 

appointed   by  the  l'.riti>h  Parliament  on  Sept.  2. 
1898,  to  inquire  into  the  Indian  opium  traffic, 
made  its  report  in  the  spring  of  1895.    The  l-'.n^- 
lish  Society  for  the  Suppression  of  the  opium 
Trade,  of  which  Sir  .Joseph  W.  Pease  was  pnflj 
dent,  had  called  for  an  in«|uiry   into  the  l»eM 
method  of  adjusting  the  finance-  ,,f  India  to  the 
abolition  of  the  opium  tratlic.and  Mr.  (Jladstone, 
then  Prime  Minister, accepted  instead  the  profM 
sit  ion  to  investigate  the  conditions  of  the  trapd 
The  first    president    of  the  society,  the   I 
Shaftesbury,  when  he  was  Lord  Ashley, 
a  resolution  in  the  Hou-e  ..f  Cnmmons  e..ndeiuii- 
itii:  the  opium  trad*-  a^  produc-ing  ill  ft-'i 
tweeii  Kngland  and  China,  but  withdrew 
Wilfrid  Law.M.n*^  n-solution  was  lost  in  1 

After  the  society  was  startiMl 
1H74  fre()iient  motions  were  made  in  I'arliaiiM-ii' 
calling  for  the  gradual  extinction  ,,f  the  trlPd 
or  for  prohibition  of  the  sale  except  for  m*)wl 
purposes.  The  antiopium  le>iL'ue  condemned 
primarily  the  action  of  the  KnglM,  (iovcr^^H 
in  coercing  ( 'hina  by  war  and  menaces  to  a4HH 
Indian  opium  and  the  position  of  the  hi'ii.r 

-nment  in  draw:  nue  from  tl 

thus  fastened  upon  the  Chinese  by  treaty 
terly  the  society  gave  its  attentjoi. 

.-irising  fro'm  the  spread  of  the  opiu; 
in  India.     In  that  country  opium  i- 
crude  form,  or  sometimes  drunk  in  an  ini 
whereas  in  Cli  in  preparation  is 

in  a  pipe.     In  1891  a  vote  was  carried  in 
house  which  condemned  the  opium  traffic.excenl 
for  medic-iil   purposes,  as  morally  indef. 
As  a  sequel  to  this  vote  Mr.  (iladst-.i 
merit  proposed  the  opium  commie-ion  in  Jun<> 
1893.     Tne  commission  was  ordered  to 
whether  the  growth  of  the  poppy  and 
opium  should  be  prohibited,  except  for  r. 


IMUA 


Mfpoje*.  in  Itritbh  India,  whether  «n-h  probi- 

drd    {I.    thr    lialltr    CUta*, 

'•exUtini;  trali»ll  arraiu- 

•  rrainatcd;  »J->a-i.. 


ould  have  on  the  flmUMM  of 
(ion«ideration  the  •mount  of  eompm- 
I  -aid.  the  ooet  of  niinimiry  prevent- 

inort  of  toul  prohibakm  abouM  u 
•yMciii  al  prvMni  follow. 
nrffictfaf  fie  opium  tn»fnr  and  f,,r 

•.•i.l   di-lrirl*  and  by 

(  ra«  •  •>  of    |i,.im.  and  wlml    it*  effect 

oral  and  physical  «  f  ih«- 

f  the  peo- 

hibitionot 

•»oo-mediral  pnrpoeee,  and  whether 
whole  or  apart 

Laitihnibwar  Singh     '  I'-»rMiangar 

II.  l\ 


Thr  inent  controU  and  limit* 

•»n  of  the  poppy,  aiul  has  a  nooop- 
he  maiiufa'-tiirv  nnd  salt 

irot  mo  irrow  the    |--|  !-%    «  it  hunt   a  liooMt. 
•rmimrnt  mbagvut.  after  mnuuring  the 


that  he   . 

aaadTaaoeof  90  ficr  it-nt.  mi  tin-  valm-  .-f  tlu< 
<-rop  oiul  IMIV-.  tln>  n-*t  «»f  the  price 


extra 

awne  oonaumption  »  >*  made  in 

Government   factories.    The  main   part 

rutu,  and   »h.-r,-   M.I.I   t..  merchanU  by  public 

lie   area    devoted  to   the  poppy  is 

•••MI  nqunn  the  district 

^^••tr  in  K«  1,-nl  and  it, 

riti-h   India  the 

•«xl  in  certain  native  utalea  of 

•putaua  and   in   th. 

.  ir  pr.-lu.-t    i*  known  as 

-..tal  annual  value  of  the 

•p  b  eetimatrd  at   ii- :<•""•"". 

:nnrlit  nil  : 

I  a.    The  than*  of  the  Govern- 

b  nearly  two  third*  "f  thr  wiling  price, 
i  on    Malwn  •.inenl    un- 

ii  "f  tranait  due*  that  b 
than  '  f  thr  value.     Of  thr  total 

••»hirh  ban  greatly  fall.-n  «.(!  in 
90  per  cent,   i*   , 

•  d  to  (I. ma.  flong- 

m"  4H6  wen-  nati\*-«  ..f  Iti-i M  M   ' 

•iwaiui.    Of  H  witneawi 

mbaionariea,  half  the  privatr  i 
».  an-l  a  fm.tioti  .  '  ••  •      fHriaU  were  in 
if  the  «upprewion  of  the   t  raffle.    The 
•     •-•  •    .:    i  rei    -•    >  «a*  >4gned 

U  member*.     Mr    I! 

onteeted  all  the  aoa> 
•llt-ague*.     The  ma< 

mmrnt  in  ail 

line  to  the  weight  of  evidence 
t'iUon  was  not  nectwary  nor 


dMMnded  by  the  Indian  pac 

tected  Malr«  it  w..tiM  art 
MM  a'..  •>,•.:•         t      •         •    - 

UM  apart  of  the  dniff  to  Ckinn.  u 

...  Hta  •',.•.•.,;.'    f.  • .  .    . 

:••'•' 


it  ha*  I  fonnaJI*  admit  tod  thai 
*  all  thai  It  d« 
r&prrt*  •  •  con,. "1  the 

uba»  taken  in 

Ii..    n.r..t,    nafn.fu:        I  »--     ,? ..-.    »      mA 

noteitifwcf  l^dMerd^r  -  -  ' 
Besides  beinc  VHd  as  a  vdmaJAnt  oninai 

SSTtoa«ito«Mi«<anH 


i§  tKr 


,!••• 


The|MOf*leha«r  - 
mmmm\  mm  wpim  n.  u«  to 
ThepeopUbelleWi.it  a.  a 
•r  malarial  fa 

of  opium   in   India  t*  a 

' 


:... 


•«ee  of 

t  ion  are  rrrtatn 
medan  and  Hindu  M«t«  thai 

•timulanUof  all  kind*.    TW  Ii 
grr». 
clined  to  incliKle  tlie  <»  qn 


by  public  opinion.    fl»Mejtffle> 
boppoHdtoprohtUuon»an  »* 


tern  would  be  eoormonaly  « 

ing  and 
the  native 


fH  a«4d  of  la* 


INDIA. 


button  and  sale  of  the  .Imp.  The  habitual  u-. 
m  as  a  stimulant  by  young  people  is  fen- 
rrmllr  condemned.  Tlu>  testimony  was  unani- 
BKNIS  that  the  people  of  I  lull  a  \\.-uld  !>«•  unwill- 
ing to  bear  toe  oost  of  prohibitive  measures. 
The  commissioD  decided  that  existin- 
•irmngwnento  could  not  be  terminated  without 
the  Toluntary  agreement  of  the  native  states, 
which  uould  involve  larar  pecuniary  eompensa- 
tion  both  to  the  state  and  t<>  individuals. 

H.  J.  Wilson  in  his  minute  of  dissent  pointed 
out  that  the  commission  had  selected  witnesses 
representing  the  official  classes,  both  native  and 
European,  or  who  echoed  their  views  or  con- 
sidered their  own  interests  at  stake,  including 
military  medical  officers,  titled  persons,  land- 
owners, and  others.  While  violent  crime*  were 
in  it  attributed  t<>  opium,  he  believed  that  there 
was  much  evidence  to  show  that  habitual  con- 
sumers, when  poor,  resort  to  petty  stealing  to 
obtain  money  for  the  purpose  of  getting  opium. 
He  contended  that  the  imperious  craving  for 
the  periodical  d«»se.  tin-  powerful  sway  that  the 
opium  habit  was  admitted  by  every  witness  to 
•  «•  habitual  consumer,  was  necessarily 
degrading  to  the  moral  nature  of  man.  Mr.  Wil- 
son recommended  the  cessation  of  the  growth  of 
the  poppy  and  the  manufacture  and  sale  of 
opium  MI  "Briti-h  India,  and  that,  as  soon  as  the 
Cninese  opium  trade  shall  have  been  brought  to 
an  end  and  licenses  to  cultivate  are  no  longer 
granted,  licenses  for  the  transit  of  opium 
from  native  states  be  withheld.  The  plan  of 
com  [*  .Itivators  and  landlords  he  de- 

clared to  be  without  precedent.  He  condemned 
the  present  system  of  sale  through  private  con- 
tractors and  vendors,  ad  \N  in  ;:  rather  that  offi- 
cial vendors  be  appointed,  with  instructions  to 
restrict  the  sale.  lie  further  recommended  the 
total  prohibition  of  smoking. 

After  the  report  was  published  Sir  Joseph 
Pease  assailed  the  commission  and  offered  an- 
other resolution  in  the  House  of  Commons  de- 
claring the  opium  traffic  morally  indefensible, 
which  was  lost  by  176  votes  to  50. 

Another  commission,  appointed  by  the  Indian 
Government,  came  to  the  conclusion,  after  ex- 
amining 700  witnesses,  that  the  smoking  of 
ganja  and  the  drinking  of  bhang  are  as  innocu- 
ous as  the  roval  commission  found  opium  Bat- 
ing to  be.  the  hemp  drugs,  although  their 
excessive  use  is  sometimes  productive  of  pov- 
erty or  violent  crime,  have  an  inappreciable 
«  flWt  on  the  general  statistics  of  crime,  pauper- 
ism, insanity,  disease,  and  longevity,  since  only 
1  in  200  of  the  inhabitants  consumes  ganja  at 
all.  and  not  more  than  1  in  4,000  consumes  the 
hemp  stimulants  to  such  an  extent  as  to  render 
himself  objectionable  to  his  neighbors  or  di>t  in- 
le  from  the  total  abstainers  (iana  the 


rom  the  total  abstainers,  (ianja.  the 
form  in  which  the  narcotic  is  taken  by  the  com- 
mon people,  is  declared  to  afford  1.000,000  peo- 
P"  •  J1*"111?*  jptaawre.  and  in  some  cases  a 
baMfldal  stimulation.  The  pleasant  summer 
bereraffe  made  from  bhang  and  drunk  by  the 
well-to-do  is  said  to  be  harmless. 

MdaJ  M  well  an  natire  opinion  dreads  the 
growing  u*e  of  alcohol  in  the  social  entertain- 
ments of  the  wealthy  and,  with  especially  inju- 
rioos  rerolu.  among  the  new  operative  class  in 
and  factories,  who  begin  to  find  the  more 


active  stimulant  necessary  to  enable  them  to 
•anil  the  severe  and  continuous  strain  of 
thcirwork.     The  opinion  i*  general  that  alcohol 
is  not  only  demoralizing  but   fatal  to  th, 
races, and  that  tin-  prolnliitioii  of  opium  and  the 
hemp  drugs  would  only  substitute   that 
and  deadly  stimulant   for  the  mild  n 
which  the  people  have  been  accustomed  from 
t  ime  immemorial.     The  Government  intends  to 
place  upon  the  hemp  drugs  the  ut  • 
lions   compatible   with    fairness   b\    in<  ; 
the  tax  u  here   it    i-   not    already  as'  hiu'h 
article   can   stand    without    enc<m racing    illicit 
production.     The  pul.lic  storehouses  estab 
in  Bengal  will  be  extended  to  Madras  and 
bay,  and  the  growth   ami  distribution  of   the 
products  will  be  gradually  taken  in  hand  by  the 
Government. 

Legislation.      Lnad  providing  that  th.- pro- 
pie  of  a  district  in  which  riots  occur  shall  bear 
the  cost  of  extra  police  drafted  into  it   a: 
compensation  for  damage  done  ar< 
excitement  in  native  circle-..     The". 
considered  that  the  frequent  religious  riot 
fled  such  a  measure,  but  accepted  an  amend- 
ment authorizing  the  local  government  t 
exemption  from  liability  to  individuals  or  classes, 
An   amendment    to   the   Cantonments   bill   re- 
moved,   in    pursuance   of   a  resolution    of    tin- 
House  of  Commons,  the  restrictions  which  have 
hit  herto  kept  down  virulent  diseases  that  weaken 
the  health  and  efficiency  of  the  European  army 
in  India.     A  bill  for  the  sanitation  am) 
tion  of  pilgrim  ships,  embodying  the  n. 
proved  by  tne  Paris  convention  of  tin  Sanitary 
Conference,  was  generally  welcomed  by  th.   Mo- 
hammedan community."    The  whole'of    India 
re-minded  with  the  outcry  that  was  mad- 
the  Legislative  Council  at  the  dictation  of  the 
English  Government,  which  had  promi- 
much  to  the  Lancashire  cotton  manufacturers. 
voted  to  impose  an  excise  duty  on  cotton  yarns 
finer  than  20  hanks  to  the  pound,  to  counter- 
balance the  import  duty  on  cotton   ma 
tures.     The  main  Indian  product  was  :.' 
under,    while    England    produces    nothing    as 
coarse.     The  excise  duty   caused    the    Indian 
manufacturers  to  cease  spinning    the    highjtt 
grades  altogether,  but  their  expulsion  from  the 
field  did  not  benefit  their  English  competitors 
so  much  as  it  did  the  Japanese  and  < 
spinners,  who  had  already  begun  to  pr 
tne  finer  yarns  from    cotton    imported 
America. 

Religions   TnmulK-While    priests 
Ceylon  were  engaged  in  Installing 
18^5,  an  ancient  and  artistic  statuette  of 
dha,  the  gift  of  the    Buddhist    hi^h   pr 
Japan,  in  the  great  temple  of  Hndh -'- a\  a.  I'-u- 
gai,  which  is  the  most  sacred  shrim-  ol 
aha  in  the  world,  a  mob  of  Hindu  wor-1 
ruslied  in  and  sei/.ed  the  imap-  and  threu 
the   ground    outside,   while    the  dcdii-at- 
mained  devoutly  in  their  attitude  of  religious 
contemt.lation.  "The   Hindus  were  ofTeii'i 
cause  tne  image  had  not  been  consccrat 
cording  to  their  rites,  for  they  also  worsbj 
Buddha  as  an   incarnation  of   Vishnu    in   the 
same  temple.     The  Government  custodian  o 
the   temple  intervened,  and   the   rioters  were 
fined  for  disturbance  of  religious  worship. 


•  s  \ .  *  \v  .-stern  State,  admitted  to  UM    year  there  w»r*  400 

'i;  area,  86,830 
amailatinn  according  tu  each  daoaaniaj  • « «»• 


ulu  bullock  prooss-  Ings  from  sales  of  material  < 

ru.-ir,i  UM  HSI.-U  wm  *i>«>:  ia  .        •     -  . 
-      .•    •       .        , 

head  to  pneerve  order.  propriatioa.  •M^OIUUnd  reported  a  bj 

armed  police  flitS  into  the  mob.  fcZoT^  W«^M!^^ 

as  and  wounding  40.  was  all  used. 

•        '  I-'.---    *          '.'  .  .;....         - 

Ucen-  charged,  and  $4  died,  leaving  4M  to  the  b«B6ta| 

1850;  theyear  was  •175J7. 

7  in  1-. 


ollowing  were  the  State 
3overnor.  Claude  lUt- 


•  IOT  IMM4MIMOT  lor  MM  nnawj  iwawjvwsj  HI  ssv 

^js^jjjg  jBfSftsj1  v11'."""  r*1  *"* 


tfao.    David          IK-    r,-|-  r    aj    (fa    K.  f   BB  SKoTW  B»fl 


hky  :  Adju.    durinr  the  rear  168  bov» 
ney-Oeneral,    S0  raleMad.    The  avwaM 


tohara :  all  Republicans  except  UM  inf  the  year  was  MB.    Kach 

«amor.  Ueoteoaot  Gorernor.  and  Adjutant  half  the  expense  of  BMinuum 

sffe  K.  Ross:  Associate  Justices,  Theodore  mat*  it  •130.    In  UM  last 

UU,  George  URtinhard.  building  ha.  been  footed  by  UM  boy, 

lief  Justice  of  the  Suoreme  UM  sohool  farm  has  bessj  eaiarf^i  by  la*  aar* 

art.  J.  II.  Joplnn:  Associate  Justices,  Leon-  ohaseof  196  acres  UM Reluna  Hcaool  Is ae Issssssy 

w«nl ;  Jueeph a  known  at  a  -farm  school*    Tto  ma^flHassji 
M.  nkv 


10  total  reodpU  for  the  rear    to 

- 


The  two 

>  the  balance  on  hand  a  year    victs  within 'their  walk. 

«  Ulance  on  hand  of  •573.7M.48.    of  foods.  UM  Northern  to  the 

for  maintenance  of  its  benevo-    and  tot  Southern  to  UM 


•jo*  tmves  a  l« 
,ng 

SKpaynMo£kTuM colleges  that  come  no-  but  8  contractors  varo 

•*  title  of  State  institutions  the  State  coo.  while  toe  appmriatioa  for  UM  year  was  L 

tftafttd   •82.1.9W.       During   the   year    •I.*!!.  >-     r,.t.,|  ;  lut  l,?  th.  ,  :,^     '  •  ••  v  ».-  r. ',  .-» 

•MB  wa«  naid  on  the  State  debt.    The  State  oners  were  under  contract. 

se  a  del*  of  $7.030.000.  exclusive  of  the  The  population  of  UM  ukarfcith  aad  psaal 

|oasjdlhel<l  br  thi*  Stat<*  i>«liirnt ii>!inl  1:1-' .'  .' .    :.~.  •*''.'     •         '    ]•    \..\-.  \  '  x-     •     •    .- 

toned  merely  as  a  means  of  securing  yean,  which  fc  1W  per  ceaU  wmlb  UM  lolal  IB* 

•  «We  institutions  a  certain  amount  of  money  crease  of  the  cost  of  •atolMMHM*  Is  4-6  psr  eauC 


The  annual  interest  on  this  for  for-  Kach  rear  the  cost  of 

it  •819.585.    The  domestic  or  school  from  •190.68  ia  1*1  to 
-  (..  tiM.iH.,.  Interest,  v'S  :-•  Plans  for  tot  Slate 

he  Supreme  Court  in  re-  yHt. 

>ublio  funds  is  to  the  Relief 


Ulioa  to  the  loaning  of  public  funds  is  to  the 

*t  »  ooui 
'  -r  his  own  use  and  benefit,  and  taldof 


la  April,  aad  U»  We«M* 
UsjJT Post  laid  items* 


•     «     ' 

tti!  fe  • 

.1  Matlrt 

»  aolt  therefor,  is  not  permitted  to  appeal   to    Slate  SUIistfciaa  saww.  ft 
'•»r  collection  of  the  mnner.    The  ruling    from  the  clerks  of  all  t be 
ftfoUsi  also  to  township  trustees.    It  has  tan*    that  toe  number  of 
^eaW; 

173a    Fartbe«sjMi 
The  valuation  of  land  in  UM    wasfjTTf,    A    iBjiri  nof 

'  improve-    an  increase  of  ai 
pMata  oa  these  lands.  •81544^58:  of  loU  in  the    the  nun 


of  •W.OOO  for  the  year  was    ted 


INDIANA. 


-According  to  a  sum- 
mart  -f  the  «nmml  n-|H,ri.H  ,,f  the  building  and 
loan*  A*<«>ciaUons  of  the  State,  they  hare  loaned 
Mvunty  $11.552.616.89;  on  stock 
and  i«fl»>book  secnr  1   on 

r,t*Uibt,  They  hold  real  es- 
tate to  the  value  of  $2?5.3fc?<»i  The  amount  of 
installment  stork  vd  dmdcnds  due  t<> 

iid-up  stock 
i  dmdends  *:UM:>,  125.09.    The  on- 


*537,687.61.  The  as- 
•Delations  have  toned  881,881  shares  of  install- 
mem  stock  and  45^07  shares  of  paid-up  took, 
There  are  50,205  shareholders  that  have  not  bor- 
rowed fr..m  the  associations,  nn.l  1JI.176  that 
have.  The  authored  capital  is  $94,620,000,  of 
which  $38,821.220  has  been  subscrib 

Railroad*.—  During  the  past  six  years  m»r< 
than  hnlf  the  track  mileage  of  main  lines  has 
been  laid  with  heavy  steel  mils,  and  7:,  ,,,.r  cent. 
of  thewiMNleii  bridges  have  boon  replaced  wiih 

.  lire*  retting  OB    itOM   abutments.  and 

.-liter  rails  taken  up  have  been  used  for 

,i«  ks.  thus  greatly  increasing  the  business 

s  have  been  reduced  and  curves 

many  of  the  roads. 

Eef«catlo«.—  The  amount  of  St.it.-  money  for 

schools  was  reported  as   $1,436.852.04.   all   <>f 

e  \eept  a  balance  of  $15,222.90,  was  dis- 

tributed.   $15,000  going  to   the   State   Normal 

The  number  of  children  of  school  age 

was  804*61. 

Since  the  founding  of  the  Northern  Indiana 
N<  •rtniil  School  twenty-three  years  ago  more  than 
100.000  names  have  been  entered  on  its  rolls.  The 
average  attendance  for  the  year  ending  in  Au- 
gust was  over  2,500,  while  more  than  6,00<>  M  u- 
dents  have  been  in  attendance  during  the  \.-ar. 
and  800  more  were  graduated  than  in  any  previ- 
ous v  -al  miiiilxT  being  1,307. 

The  Slate  Normal  School  at  Tern-  Haute  sent 
out  this  year  a  class  of  101.  the  largest  in  the 
•  .      '    '        -    :       ..      The    total    attendance  at 
the  spring  term  was  1 

A  coarse  in  journalism  has  been  added  to  the 
curriculum  of  the  State  University.  Ii  includes 
studies  in  Knglish,  general  history,  political 
theory,  conrtitutin.il  history,  and  economics. 
There  were  87  graduates  in  the  various  depart- 
ments in  June.  Wabash  College,  at  Crawfords- 
vttle,  graduated  28,  and  Franklin  College  16. 

The  North  Manchester  College,  which  has 
been  conducted  by  the  United  Brethren  Church, 
hat  been  U  >ught  by  the  citizens,  to  be  given,  to- 
grther  with  $5.000.  to  the  Dunkard  Church, 
which  will  establish  an  institution  there. 

The  Medical  College  at  Indianapolis  gradu- 
ated 50  at  it*  twenty-fifth  commence! 

Butler  University  sent  out  19  graduates  in 
June,  and  Purdue,  which  has  entered  its  twenty- 
•eoond  year,  graduated  76. 

Karlham  College,  at  Richmond,  which  is  con- 
dMtod  bv  the  Society  of  Friends,  has  beet,  MB- 
barraw*!  for  want  of  funds,  but  received  at  the 
time  of  the  ^  early  Meeting  an  additional  endow- 
"  of  about  $30.000.  The  whole  number  of 
s  enrolled  during  the  year  was  236  ;  pro- 
I*:  teachers  in  other  departmeof 
A  large  disparity  on  the  wrong  side  between 
the  income  and  etpennes  of  De  Pauw  University 
has  led  to  a  change  in  its  management.  The 


president  retired,  and  his  place  has  beet 

:lv  filled.     The  liilinbi-r  Of  -ra.luatcv 

The  ••,,11, 

.'  Indianapolis,  m  March,  declined  t-  i 
resolutions  passed  in  the  ptv\i<>u>  l> 
tually  abolishing  foot  hall.    Thc\  \\. 
to  reconsitler.  i>ut  \\cre  of  opinion  that  tl 
should  be  prohibited  until  the  nil. 

Miatcnally  changed  and  p: 
tirely    taken   (,iit.     Tin-  year    ili.\ 
further  and  passed  a  resolution  mak 
forbidding  the  playing  of  football  v 
siimal  teams  applicable  to  all  • 

>lilit..r>    Mi.lters.      \ 
regiments  on  the  field  of  Chickamauga^ 
deicrniined   early   in   the  year.     It 
that  the  monuments  should  be   built 

.  and  they  were  dedi 
the  State  did  not  have  s..  man\ 
battle  at  some  States.  Indiana'lost    j 
killed  and  wounded  than  any  other, 
lature  appropriated  $40.000  for  the  purj 

.M.iiv  . -..ntr.ivcrsy  has  arisen   in    i 
the    Soldiers1    Monument    at    India: 
"Annual   Cydopa-dia "    f..r    1- 
consequence  of  criticisms  on  the  ., 
art    and    other    matters    connectc.l 
management,  one  of  the  thr.e  men 
commission    resigned    in     Kebruan. 
P  n  !,•  -  '.x  ere  app.  anted  in  M;i\  und<  r  ..  :.•  ••     . 

;.    Krcd.    K 
Major  (J.  V.  Mamies,  all  <>f  wh- 

lied    in    <•(.] 

the  rejection  by  the  other  regent  >  oi 
ohitions  which  he  offered,  the  signifl* 
of  which  were  these: 

That  the   iiinniiiiii  !'t    be  .l.-vted  t«.t! 
iliann  ••\.-lu.-ively. 

That  the  teuiale  figure  at  pr« 
of  tin-  monument  l»e  taken  il«i\vn,  aii-1   a 
in  bronze  of  (J«.v.  Oliver  I'.  M«.rti.i. 
plaei-.     Tliut   the   four   ]x><\> 
the  ninmiment  !•«•  reserve.l 

.    rnt-irv  an-1   State  of   Indiai. 

bllttli-  <»r  liV  hand    ll(»tile  t«  tile  rejilll.lie. 

The  State  encampment  of  1 1 
the  Republic  was  held  at  Muncie  in 
of  tlie  i)iie-ti'.ns  discussed  was  t)i< 
and  unfairness  of  the  treatment  of  i 
in    the    I'nited    States  histories  in   uw 
public  schools  of  the  State.     A    pro) 
them,  signed  by  the  Indianapolis  posts, 
ferred  to  a  committee,  and  a  men 

the   objections-    to    the    b.-oks    was    pi 
•at  ion  t<»  the  State  I'oanl  of  K1 
I'rodurls.—  During  the  fiscal   yei 
re  manufactured  in   Indi.-. 

fli-lilleries    were    .  , 

distilleries,  consuming  1.500,000  bu^h. 
969.478  gallons  of  spirits   \\, 
cattle   and    ?.l'J."i   hogs    \vcre    fed.  an-: 
taxable  gallons  of  distilled   spir 
The  pn.diiction  of  fermented   liqu- 

The  corn  crop,  as  reported   in 
i::  1.1  (».-..!•!•!  bushels,  from  an  acreat- 
146.    The  acreage  in  wheat  has  be* 
decreasing  in   recent  years,  lur. 

MM  in  1882  to  2.540,424  in  1894. 
•ar  was  estimated  at  20.o<>" 
The  apple  crop  was  unusually 


' 

many  places  the  fruit  had 


Miely 
*».    A  Urge  quauttt)  ..f  apple  brandy 

mato  rrop  wa»  reported  about  60  par 


flom posed  of  Miml  and  iron,  win 

MIL  ohiatb  and 


Political.    The  MsjajanaHBi  of 

basb  of  legisJame  apportionment.  »a\ 

AaTliefwTrVtfT/Wt  rmer.  „. 
.mparboo  of  the  number  of  re 

.  •  -    -  -  •      .      •   .  - 

laftff?  ftC  ffVWfrfl    BBSBBaa^BBBS*al     aaa^MwaWwl    ffaVaaA      ew«*  a«te   •  I*     a*   4MIA 

ito  geologist  has  been  inrastigating  the    000  escaped  poll  u».     The  difference  to  the 
toy  and  stone.    In  the  we*' 

.       '   <  •     .    ...  .       '         ..  . 

»  ft  Utl 
LtfllUtift  HtwalvB.— The  I^fHlaturr  ad- 

|«Med  wasooeealled  the  State- 
eKrustodian  bill,  which  wa. 
•  f  r.  •!..  rtaf  •• « 

uU.nlinat 
inth.-iri.la.-r,.     '!»,, 


Milt 


•     •„,.•.., 


ui«l  ..M  thii|M.mt  tin- 

Brown  Count  \ 
•>  tin*  gUKMorik  I'ut  nobomp  could 

thtfH 
.  hanalargvrgMtorri- 

i-.ii  t<>  urge  economical  u«r  of 
tereloped  almost  evrry  dar, 
-*nm  to  be  no  limit  t,.  thr  iu 
Aeld  b  develop  «t  I'a 

In  an  opinion 

roll   County  li.|M,.r  raae  it 

i.juor  dealer  b  reaponsible  for 

!f*cauaed  by  the  Mir  of  liquor* 

-  agenU  01  •   that 

Ml*  waa  made  without  the  knowledge  of  the 

.it   in  which  thr 
Wayne  wn>  im 

^^•ftnd  the  owner  was  awarded  damage* 
cat*  of  gi-tii-rnl'  interest  wa»  drci«led 

II.  th.-ca  •|UM» 

upany  against  Henry  Jones  and 

i  n  t  he  •augment  of  damages  in  con- 

ntoeeedings  no  allowance  shall  be 

Miagvs  that  ooold 

1»  only  through  an  accitl> ; 

i  tnnt  decision  was  givrn  in  the  case 

ink  at  Ma 

1  of  Keriew.    Thr  suit  was  on 
qnmf  inn  of  the  ri^ht  of  ttu-  Utnk  t..  n-fuseto 

laining 
••  pur- 

orering  whet  hi- r  (torsons  in  K 
•nUsted  cash  in  the  hank  in  • 

ink  refused 

leauona  or  peniut  nn  ••\amina- 

!••  was  fined  $1.  ami  an  »|»- 

.rw  that  -  it 

...  statute  could  hare 

upon  the  Board  of  for  few 

what  it  was  attempt. 

".»»nl  hail  auth  vkethr 

•  hail  nut1  .ny  member 

•  r  thr  «s»-  '*.  ami 

him  to  »*»  sworn  and 
itrastothe  matters  rwjuiml  of  him." 


'ill.  which  was  * 
the  adjournment :  hut  the  veto  miiisti 
tbrforeU 


in  t..  the  Legislalurr  at  thr 
journ 


the  beftalaturr  at  the  renr  moe»eot  of  ad- 
-  that  the  bill  oouU  not  b*  passed 
hereto.    It  was  al»oaassrlad  tlaU  tWeJavk 


ten  minute*  ' 
to  deceive  the  mem*-  '.nime 

uivernor's  oflke  dowmtairs 

tei   to  twrUr.  and  wh«i   it 

House  (so  the  plan  was  said  to  be 

•    •       .       - 
bound  ami  Irap  pa»t  th* 

[WoofmtfomeaibersoftJH  II. 
were  t  >  ttneeses  that  the  hot, 

merabrr-   |ltt.|    information  thai   t«e 
coming ;  and  when  the  eleralor  arrired 
,1!     lai,.l.i,k-.    at    one   I 

4  the  Oorem- 

tary  with  the  miasaff.  toe  caalndUn  wkoae  of- 
fice was   in  danger  and  ochrn  (f   I 
members)  pushed  in.    The  " 


-or  and,  seizing  thr  the. 

the  elerator  between  the  two  member*  am  one 

«nr  and  the  < 
•.e  elerator  had 
•.  M-V.  ml  times  the  door  was 

gwoeral.    The  doors  of 

.eked  and  the  effort  to  break  la*e»  to  ea 
r«rrr»w». 

K,  j.ul  :   .  .,r  •        i  ':..      !   -   r    •*»    f.t.»     i    f.  r^r.*     »      ; 

xcrelary  fought  h:«  •*»  •:  -i»  t     the 

»  surgini; 
akiee,  and  reaehed  it  jw* 

osyt^loyi^irms^myy 
«ion  had  expired  at  It  oVIoafc, 
some  minute*  before. 

'  thr  ^.1.41  as  laws  he eirefted  the Hiate- 

•        .-       !  •      ,    '  .'     '        .'        '  .  • 

•W*BL-  . • „     I,  fj        . ^^-^1 

\.      •;         I  fir    j-n  •  .»n>ft: ;    *\    +  *+    r.    .    ;    •  »-       <*. 

*tr  for  bis  signature  to  at 
tior.  as  re^iurvrl  |.T  law  in 
laimed  thai  the 

•..,.'•      r;-i 


;;- 


INDIANA. 


Mil  to  hi*  proclamation ;  for.  though  he  is  the 
Mitndisn  or  the  seal,  a  statute  says  that  the  Seo- 
rvtarv  of  Slate  shall  affix  it  to  official  docu- 
mttift  These  precautions  of  the  Governor  seem, 
however  t..  h«ve  U-vn  unnecewarv.au  the  Sec- 
retary i*  reported  to  have  aaitl  that  he  \\  .ul.l 
•Beet  »«>>  proclamation  the  Governor  might 
nafrg  ||,.  boldi  that  tho  proolamation 

•  nothing  more  than  a  mere  formal  n.-ii.-,.. 
According  to  the  law.  the  new  acts  were  in  force 
time  the  copies  were  received  by  tin-  la-t 
count  v.  which  was  June  88,  and  no  act  or  omis- 
sion of  UttGoYtrnorooald  prevent  their  being 
effective  <t t  that  time, 

One  i-f  tho  most  im|N.rtant  measures  of  the 
SSSSJim  wan  that  <>n  temjwrance,  called  the  Nich- 
olson bill.  Mr.  Nicholson  is  president  of  tho 
Indiana  Good  I  ifttt.  The  law  pro- 

ption,  but  the  option  is  to  be  ex- 
errised  by  p.-nn..n  instead  of  by  ballot.  The 
Applicant 'for  license  is  to  be  required  to  describe 
SpeeinV'tlly  the  "  r.n.m  in  which  he  desires  to  sell 
such  liquors,  and  the  exact  location  of  the  same, 
and  if  there  is  more  than  one  room  in  the  build- 
ing in  which  such  liquors  are  intended  to  be  sold 
mid  applicant  shall  specifically  describe  and  lo- 
cate the  room  in  which  he  desires  to  sell  such 
liquors  in  Midi  l.uil.lui^."  Those  holding  1 
to  sell  intoxicating  liquors  in  less  quantities 
than  a  quart  at  a  time  are  to  provide  for  the  sale 
in  a  "  room  separate  from  any  other  business  of 
any  kind,  and  no  devices  for  amusement  or 
music  of  any  character,  or  partitions  of  any 
kind  shall  be  permitted  in  such  room."  The 
rooms  are  to  be  on  the  ground  floor  or  basement 
and  fainting  the  street  or  highway,  and  so  "ar- 
ranged, either  with  window  or  glass  door,  as 
that  the  whole  of  said  room  may  be  in  view  of 
the  street  or  highway."  The  penalty  for  viola- 
tions of  these  provisions  is  $10  to  $100  fine,  to 
may  be  added  imprisonment  not  exceed- 
ing ninety  days;  and  on  conviction  of  a  second 
offense  the  license  is  forfeited.  Drug  stores  are 
allowed  to  dispose  of  liquors  in  quantities  less 
than  a  quart  at  a  time  only  on  the  written  pre- 
N  riptiotis  of  reputable  physicians.  The  vote  on 
the  lull  in  the  Senate  was "28  for  and  20  against; 
in  th«-  H..UV,..  75  f,,r.  20  against.  The  vote  was 
not  divided  on  party  lines. 

An  act  was  passed  designed  to  prevent  town- 
ship trustees  from  retaining  surplus  school 
moneys,  and  at  the  same  time  do  away  with  the 
mormons  fees  to  the  Attorney-General  for  cov- 
ering Mich  moneys  into  the  treasury. 

The  apportionment  act  of  1808  was  repealed 
oa  the  ground  that  the  courts  have  practically 
declared  it  unconstitutional,  and  the  State  was 
^districted.  Of  the  13  congressional  districts 
by  the  new  division,  the  largest  contains  8,410 
inhabitants  above  the  average,  and  the  smallest 
7,787  below,  while  7  are  within  2,000  of  the 
average. 

These  acts  were  vetoed  by  the  Governor,  but 
wen  pasted  over  the  veto,  as  was  also  one  pro- 
he  appointment  of  boards  of  control 
for  the  State  prisons,  to  be  chosen  by  the  Gov- 
ernor, Secretary  of  State,  Auditor,  Treasurer, 
and  Attorney-General 

A  ffe-and-«alary  law  takes  the  place  of  that 
of  1881,  declared  unconstitutional  by  the  courts. 

The  so-called  Boby  bill  prohibits  racing  on 


any  track  from  Nov.  15  to  April  15.  for  j 
in  the  presence  of  50  persons.  HI nl  tl 
MIL:  of  any  race  meeting  on  any  one  1 1 
than   three   tunes  a  year.     Tin-   validity 
bill  was  upheld  by  tin-  Supremo  Court.  " 

act  affecting  the  militia  appropriate 
000,  and  made  m»iv  liberal  proviMon  for  anno 
ries,  ct<-.,  but    the  more   important   «  han. 
those  that  relate  to  authority  in  t iin> 
di-turbanee,  and  to  trials  of  militiamen 
suit*    attending   the    firing    upon  a  mob 
practical  effect  of  tin-  bill  is  to  place  the  ofttf 
commanding  the.  militia  in  author; 
civil  oflii-ers.and  to  place  under  martial  1 
community  or  section  where  the  military  i 
called  to  preserve  order.    In  the  tri.. 
who  are  charged  with  the  injury  or  deati 
members  of  a  mob  the  military  is  made  - 
to  the  civil  courts,  the  provision  being  tl 
diers  so  charged  shall  be  tried  by  court -r 
and   that  the  finding  of  the  military  tribunal 
shall  be  final. 

By  the  terras  of  the  benevolent  insti' 
bill,  the  Board  of  Trustees  is  made  hi  par: 

The  State  tax  levy  was  placed  at   J 
$100,  a  reduction  of  1|  cent  from  th-    prrvjou- 
years ;  for  the  general  fund,  0  cents  ;  benevoMt 
institutions,  5  cents;  school  tuition,  11  «nt-. 
sinking  fund,  3  cents.     Aside   from   tin- 
direct  tax  for  the  support  of  the  - 
tional  institutions,  amounting  to  on 
mill  on  the  dollar.    The  State  University  geU 
one  fifteenth  of  a  mill,  and   the  other  i 
twentieth  each. 

The  number  of  employees  at  the  State  House 
was  materially  reduced. 

An  appropriation  of  $75,000  was  made  to  es- 
tablish a  State  Soldiers1  Home  at  Lnfay. 

The  law  on  the  publication  of  libels"  in  news- 
papers was  materially  changed.     If  it  appears 
upon  trial  that  the  article  was  published  in  good 
faith,  that  its  falsity  was  due  to  mist  a 
that  a  full  and  fair  retraction  was  published  i 
a  conspicuous  place  and  type  the  plaintiff  shall 
receive  only  actual  damages. 

A  fraudulent-marriage  act  makes  it  a 
for  a  man  to  desert  or  treat  cruelly,  wit 
years,  a  wife  whom  he  has  married  to  escape 
prosecution  for  seduction. 

Several  act)  were  passed,  designed 
for  new  and  improved  roads  in  townships  where 
a  majority  are  in  favor. 

Among  other  acts  passed  were  the  follow- 
ing: 

Providing  for  a  commission  to  consider  the  matter 
of  a  cent. nnial  1 1900)  industrial  exposition. 

Authorizing  city  councils  to  sell  bonds  and  rat*' 
money  for  water  works  in  which  cities  may  l»e  part 

(iiving  the  Auditor  further  control  ov 
companies,  and  abolishing  tho  SO  ] 
insurance  policies;  also  requirintr  companion  to  ad<J 
cash  to  their  capital  up  to  $100,000. 

Prohihitintr   the  landing  and   beaclr 
fthanties  or  flat  boats  on  shore  for  a  1 
ten  hours  without  consent  of  the  <>•.• 

Defining  when  property  shall  be  tax 
for  county  hoards  of  review,  and  exfc -i 
Mate  Board  of  Review— an  a 
an  act  of  1891. 

Amending  all  laws  authorizing  city  council*  to  d 
vide  cities  into  wards. 


in  any  lake  in  In. 


/*ni  lEUon.  looking  u>  an 
nb«r  of  udtfoa  of  Ui«  Sui-mur  i 


Incrae*  in  the    to  examine  it 


»nb«r  of  judtfoa  of  Ui«  Sui-mur  i  curt,  by  the  torn**  k 

ha,  ,:uM.-,r  ,,a,  Eeft  nl  •         batejqet  «  J 

'    »  *^   •*!  l^^l^^^^a  ^^   ^^B^HO^BBOw  1O  A    M 

•D^MtftMlioo  lo  thai  effect.     Another  wotiflMii  . 


. 
9.3*.     MMIJ  of  UM  IOSM  iMd 

" 


•  v     »  WtJtwn   SUte.  Admitted  to   the  . 

i  Dee.  9H.  1846;  art*.  56.023  square  milca.  nrtmiil   under  Ut 

lOpuUtion.  •ooordiog  to  MOD  deomnial  MDOUOU    T 

.ImtMion.  WM  1W/J  -•;  bun  for  tmb 


Main  1H60:  1.194,080  in  1870;  1.684.615  in  He  wa«  acquitted  on  one  of  the 

•>•  June.    After  the  aCain  of  the 

eas  of  IHU.%    it    was    8,058.069.     Capital.    Des  made  public  the  other  < 

M    :• ..  - 

-uent.-Tbe  following  wer«  the  State  Loan  Compan; 

osVsrs  during  the  year:  Governor.  Frank  I>.  their  tmrinsai' 

Lieutenant  Oovernor,  Warren  8.  Dun-  by  the  State  KxeWUve  Council    Later!  r 

SecrHarv  of  Stat*.  W.  M.  McParlan.l ;  rectors  war*  added  to  that  ceninany.and  tWy 

Treasure  r-  «,ke<l    for   an    investigation.    The  ooemmJttei 


X  Y.THH  art  hy  :  Treasurer.  John  Her-    asked    for   an    investigation.    the* 
ornev-General.  Milton  Remlev;  Super-    found  that  the   affair*  of  the  Iowa 

of  Instruction.   Henry  >l,in;    rfnU-     ami   I**n  r.-m^ny   a.  t..  I-*,..  .,^n.  ^.s 


raad  QemvWoMn,  John  \v 

:,  Davidson.    M  r.  Luke  died  Dec.  80.    extravagant,  and  the 

top****^™*,.****    Dorpo*.not«mte«^nt^ 


Rothrock  Lftaf 

8.  Robinson.  II.  K.    ganiied  with  a  new  . 
Democrat;  the  other       The  other  Des  Moil 


to  be  in  good 

*nc*s,-The  total   1  Valuation  to        In*uranr*.-Tbe  report  far  1884.  jjilliiii 

•«.000.  a  dscnnan  of  about  $9,000.000  in    in  May,  gives  the  following  Agwv*:  ftelcej* 
the  pa»t   biennial  itcruxi.     The  tax  levy  was    fire  insurance  companies  show  a  total  of  rfafes 


fire  insurance  onaipanisa  sfco 

888;   lost**    paid.  6W4.7WJi 
lossss  paid  to  premiaaw  rate 


•to  Treasurer's  report  for  the  two  years  888;   loawa   paid.  $ew4.7t8Ji:  |nrriaiap  af 

,    ana  80  shows  a  total  general  revenue  losses  paid  to  pnmiasM  received.  44-?.     TW 

from  all  source*  fn»m  Julv  1.  1896,  to  June  80.  totals  of  other  than  Iowa  ire  cwnaniai  were: 

nclurive,  of  $8^84451015;  balance  from  Amount  of  risks  written.  $l«UBUJn«:   MV 

last  report  $418^81.45;  total.  $8*87.88180.  The  miums  received.  $M61^7C48 ;  loaw  •nM.iV 

-.irranta  redeemed  was  $8,634.-  518J88J8;   prrr^iap  of  losm»  nntJ  to  «*- 

IWi8:  ca»h  Ulnn.-,.  on  hand  at  close  of  business  minm*  rt^eived.  6ri    Cimpanln  elWr  than 

Junr»i.  !«.••.-,.  ^51-J.vM  ;:  -         .           '        .    .       -               • 

Aggregate  cost  of  criminal  proceedings  in  miurn*  rrcrived.  $81I66UM;  lonwa  pnei,  ivV 

none  year  wan  |                        :.,lu.l-  436H8;  narcatJlage  of  loasss  to  ptisaiea»i>  6l-t> 

iag  the  salaries  of  county  attorneys,  which  The  (Wdlfins*  Imsriiiii  C^ssaj  wa* 

•nsnjejej  s  ;    * s .'     •  >  ^>  pnt  into  the  oaejo*  oc  a  recei vec,  wnew  fvc^rw«« 

l«nk*  matlr  in  Aagus^showed  thesjeeU  to  be  $IM». 

h  were  MTings  ami  4  ami  the  liabllitfc*  $^tJM4. 

.•am  an  in-  In  a  case  before  the  anytime  <*«•"  ">  w«^» 

•'.    There  wan  an  in.  rm*r  of  deposit*,  thr  N.*rthwvetem  legion  af  Honor  was  the  al- 
though in  the  vear  from  18W  t,.  1WM  thrrr  »a»  frmlant.  the 

bank  wa»  compel  I.- 
MX   the  tun,-,  but   in  Septen 

•or  reportc<l  tho  Hucna  ViMa  State  Bank  mc-tH**  doing  Jnenranis  bnainass  to  the  Slnta 

rm  Uko  as  u-m-  m  i-                     n.  ami  that  ihrv  must  eomply  with  the  tesnranre  law*L 

'  ha  appointment  of  •  i  ^    ••  -    '  &  -f  -  •-    ••  •     •    •  •     • 

The  last  Legi»latur«  enacted  several  law*  af-  I**  Moine*,  Dec,  II,  and  prapared  a  bill  for  the 


|o\V  A. 


protection  of  their  interests,  to  be  presented  to 
the  next  Legislature 

Hallway*.— The  assessment  of  railway  prop- 
••»  places  it  at  $44.364,542,  a  decrease 
of  tVV.lU  from  the   valuation   of    ls!M. 
.r  assessment  is  reduced  also.    1 
rwas>18e,088,  and  this  year  it  is  $1 


The  doping  can  are  assessed  $4,000  each,  and 
the  UN  "Uted  according  to  the  number 

,*  the  cars  run  in  Iowa, 

The  round!  is  also  required  to  classify  the 
railway*  for  the  purpose  of  fixing  their  charges 
for  passenger  fares,  and  a«  this  classi- 

fication two  roads  were  changed  from  Class  A 
,-s  K  and  allowed  to  charge  3$  instead  of  '.'> 
cents  a  mile,  and  two  others  were  allowed  to 
charge  4  cents  instead  of  I 

in  January  the  Railroad  Com- 
misrioners  refused  to  allow  an  increase  in  rates 
for  freight, as  petitioned  for  by  the  companies. 

Education. — Tin-  annual  statistics  of  the 
schools  include  the  following:  Number  of 
ungraded  schools.  12,456;  rooms  in  graded, 
4Q00:  numU-r  ..f  male  teachers  employed,  5,281 ; 
female,  22.782 ;  average  monthly  compensation, 
male-.  $38.19;  females,  $31.60;  total  average 
attendance,  331.408;  average  tuition  per  month 
per  pupil,  $1,89;  trees  set  out  on  grounds  and 
in  thrifty  condition.  190.095. 

The  department  of  college  professors  adopted 
resolution-,  with  one  dissenting  vote,  declaring 
-that  we  hereby  agree  to  suspend  all  intercol- 
legiate games  of  football  in  our  respective  in-ti- 
1  the  accepted  rules  and  safeguards 
of  the  game  shall  have  been  so  modified  as  to 
make  it  proper  to  be  played  by  gentlemen." 

Danish  Government  made  an  appropria- 
tion for  the  Danish  t'niversity,  lately  founded  at 
Dee  Moines,  endowing  a  chair  with  2,000  crowns 
annually. 

The  income  and  the  cost  of  the  professional 
departments  of  the  State  University  for  the  past 
three  rears  are  as  follow :  Medical  department — 
disbursement*,  $41,985.85;  income.  $24,060.09. 
The  number  of  students  during  that  time  was 

-disbursements, 

$lij."il  I.V. ;  ineome,  $8,697.64.    The  number  of 

students  in  this  department  was  203.     Law  de- 

";.::•;;    disbursements, 

$29,538.6?;    attendance.  6'Jn.      Dental    denart- 

-    ..;:.<>;»:  disbursements.  $28,- 

816.11;  attendance.  448.    Pharmacy  department 

113,008108;  .li-bursements,  $8,254.54; 

attendance.  171. 

The  Vd.liei-'  Home.— There  has  been  acon- 
stant  increase  in  the  number  of  inmates  in  the 
home  at  Marshalltown.  from  140  the  first  year 
(1888}  to  516.  the  average  enrollment  for  1895. 
In  all.  1.396  hare  been  admitted. 

Monument  at  Spirit  take.— The  monument 
Offered  by  the  twenty-fifth  General  Assembly 
i*  in  place  at  Spirit  Lake.  It  is  to  the  in- 
of  the  victims  of  the  Indian  massacre  there  in 
1857.  when  88  pioneer  settlers  were  murdered 
ami  4  women  were  carried  into  captivity.  Two 
of  dfttss  were  rescued  later  in  the  year,  and  2 
were  murdered  by  the  Indian*.  Two  members 
•^lition  WPP*  fr  ath  on 

U*  return  marrh.     Thirty -thr  who 

1  from  the  attack  on  Springfield,  Minn.. 
*  by  this  expedition.    The  monu- 


ment    i-   a   -haft    <>f   Minnesota   granite,  ' 

"f   alternate   rough   and    poli-hed 
Dg  on  bron/c   talilets  the    name-   of  I 
tuns  ami   those  of  the  re-.u, -,1  iiml   mem: 
the  relief  expedition.     The  cost  wa 

hull. Ill      I. .linl-.         Ill     refelVlire     t< 

their    lands    in    Tama   C.-unty    l.y   • 

in    Sep'l.    I''..     1- 

the  opinion  that  it  is  illegal.     I  i 

lands  were  purehascd   l.y  the  Indian's  with  Hinr 

own    fund  'ion.     TiB 

Were    permitted    to  l<H-ate    in    |n\\ii     ! 

the  Li-u'i-latnre  giving  them  -pe.-ial 

to  do.     The  title  to  the  lands   u.,,   |.,|v,.,, 

name  of  the  (iovenior  of  the  State  as  ^^H 

for  the   Indian-."     'I'he   lease  was  e\< 

Tinted    SU 

ral   is  of  opinion   1 1. 
I'nited  States  would  have  no  aulli.  i 
land-,  and  he  find-  that  the  rental  is  gp>- 

adequate, 

>I  JIM  i  -'  \--ocialion. 
principal  mining  <-.lni|>-  in  the  Slat* 
their   union,   Nov.    21.    under    the    naim     |.,wj, 
Mine    Workers'    Proteetn.  .    wift 

drawing   from   the    Di-tn 
Mine    Worker-     of     America,    \\hieli     ii. 
mining  territory  in  Mi>-oiiri. 

The  in -w  organization  will  h.r 
fund  attachment,  and  will  take  upm. 
of  the  forms  and  plans  of  a  lodge  pr«\; 
sick  benefit,  a  death  benefit,  and  a  benevfl^B 
fund   for  the  families  of  miner-  in 
will  affiliate  with  the   Mine  Worker-  of  As^B 
ea  and   the  American  1-Yderation  of  Labor,  hut 
will  have  power  for  independent  action. 

Coal   Operators.     The  coal   oprr. 

State  met    at    DCS   Moines,  Ma\ •-,'::.  and    f-n 1 

an  a-sociation,  the  object  of  which  i- 
general  improvement  in  the  coal  t>u-ines- 
State  by  equalizing  wages  and  doing  away  wttl 
certain'unfavoralile  condi' 

The  Mulct  Law.— The  Supr 
cided,  April  2,  that  this  law  i-  « -on-tit 
Justice  Kinne  alone  dissenting.     It 
there  is  iii  the  act  no  delegation  of  the 
tive  power,  and  that  it  doe-  not  e..nfi-r  "n  0V 
in  unities  a  so-called  pard«niing  j.o\ver  for  viola- 
tion  of  the  prohibitory  law.    Cases  a: 
it   have   been    in   the"  courts   during    the   vmr. 
Fourteen   druggists  were   indicted  for  st^K 
liquor   illegally    by  the    grand    jur 
County.     A  convention  of  tho-e  opj.o-e.i 
law  was  called  to  meet  at  Davcnpor 
the  Liliera  f  Iowa  was  formed 

•  thori/ed  d  n  attendai 

Political.— A  deci-ion  adverse  to  t! 
of  women  to  vote  at  school  and  munirip. 
tions  was   rendi-n-il.  April    10.   in    I!H'  distr 
court  at   Cedar   Hapids.     An  eh--ti 
held   to  choose  directors  and  to  \ 
division  of  the  district.     Tin-  election  v 
ried  l»y  the  partv  f»n(iosed  to  di 
of  the  v<,tes  of  aoout  30  women.     Th. 
held  that  their  votes  were  illegal,  and  • 
the  district  divided.     The  opinion  .i 
the  Iowa  statute  granting  women  i 
vote  at  school  and  municipal  elect  jo: 

OS  involving  the  expenditure  of  n,' 
levying  of  taxes  is  unconstitutional,  bee;: 


I"U  \ 


«XM|      h^V^vl^AAHAA    AA^^a^A  A      ^MB     tjM^i_4^^iAM 

•   V^^P.«M».       «•»    irv    MKW4^HMB)  SaML 

flntajjl  atlantina  •  1 1 1 1 

. 

JSp&iwT^ST— 


•mrtai  OeaMoina^Juneft.    Kaeolu- 


, 

nin.1    of     ur  lur!     --l«'' 

'    ^ 


•  -the  cold  and  *l»rr 
of  t  :  m,.|  a 

*d£    auad  by  the  Oenaral    Go 

•  i-  ainl  unlimited  coinage  of 
net  ion  of  other  natron 


KV   OI  t  ii  I  •  n  I  •  I  ti  •     A«M        f«k»    ••  ^  ri  ^  •  il     ii 

„  ,  i  icn«T»pp»,  eic^  TOT  rw  nciev  •••••noonL  BV 

w  lh'  exclusion  of  tbe  leadline  of  f orelc?  lanffvafni 

«.  n  • 


'oaimiMioii.  lie    reaolutioM 

Uawmnml  -tli.-  late  decision  of  th.    .suprame       The  ticket  nominated  wnt:   For 

. e  income  tax.  tbe  recent  acts  of  GOT-  Frank  Bacon;  |jeuu»naot  Goratnor,  V    1 

pnunent  b?  injunction  in  the  intfrt^t.1*  of  cor-  W.M*!;    Ju«lp%    «-f    thr    >uj'r»n.r    «      .r:    J     \\ 

^^••Ynl!1  ivtur  <>f  intem4.bearinff  Rofera;  Suprrtntendant 

.-  n-Mornti.,i,  ,,f  M  •  •  arbart ;     ' 

!i  liinr  a- 
•ml 

||l  i[ 

nl   ami    -atnfarv   <  .  i,.ln  :•  tii   may  be        Tbe  D«noeratie  funy  b 


vbare  monr  than  !»»  pemonn  ar,  ,  n, ployed,  that     fonn  inelttded  thr 
•nl   and   Mtnitary  comliti 
and  t)i<  ••».  h«-n 


Ctianlnl  " ; 

th,«   v%Un. -      <    ;    ,i    ..     ,-rt,.,  r-    t-     r- 

t  proportion  to  the  reductions  in  thr 

favitml  a 
••*  and  an  inheritanrr 

•\-: 


arable  in 


1  cent,  upon  all 
P.M.  the  same 


'lontftU  met  in  convention  at  Iv- 

"n  one  of  tbe  flan  on 
Natform  was  a  poater  that  read  as  follows: 

JWnm,  R-  K.  ,lirrct  fmm  ra  .led  <»lt  ia  tbe  I  Jl  I    I     "af 

Hrrtkm  of  tbe  United  Htatai  Gor»n»      »er%co  i  rtial  iMaiali 

J^^Ot,  In  which  » 


rr Tcntx  tax.    Ibrrifn  m 
I  Alice  in  stteadaaea.    8pe»        We  aw 

-J4   A 


370    IRISH  NATIONAL  ALLIANCE. 


ITALY. 


of  the  history  and  prestige  of  the  great 

party  and  of  a  courageous  Den  L 

We  condemn  the  cowardice  and  triekcr 


lean  workmen  to  open i  eompetHfcn  n  mar- 

ket with  the  poorly  paid  labor  of  the  Old  World. 

We  beUsviin  maintaining  no*  only  the  highest 
waff*  ratr  for  the  laborer,  but  the  integrity  01 

.^tharth;  United  States  exert  ita  influence 
to  aatabliah  with  the  i  nations 

•TtlM  world  such  an  in  agreement  as  will 

anahle  this  country  to  reopen  ita  mint*  to  the  free 
iad  unlimited  coinage  oT  both  metal-  w.th...it  loss  or 
eae  or  the  other  from  the  volume  of  our  money. 

Restricted  immigrations  and  liberal  pennons 

-.x.  -.     '.,-.      ',     1. 

The   Demoorat  'ion.   which    in.-t    in 

Mur-halll.  •    w«*  divided  on  the  sub- 

ject of  coinage,  but  the  monometallism  were  in 
the  majority  and  elected  their  chairman.  The 
,..,rt  of  the  Committee  on  Resolutions 
presented  a  resolution  calling  for  free  coinage 
Of  fold  and  silver  at  the  ratio  of  16  to  1 ;  l.ut  it 
was  defeated  by  a  vote  of  400  in  favor,  to  651 
opposed.  The  '  majority  report,  which  was 
adopted,  contained  the  following : 

We  declare  the  rescue  of  the  finances  of  the  coun- 
try from  the  baleful  effects  of  the  Sherman  luw ,  the 
\nifrican  Federal  election  law,  and 
the  uprooting  of  McKinleyism  to  be  work-  worthy 
- '  "  -      -eat  i 

administration, 
triekery  of  the  Re- 
publican party  of  Iowa  in  failing  to  meet  in  ita  la*t 
State  platform  anv  of  the  issues  important  and  vital 
to  the  interesta  of  our  State. 

We  believe  that  the  mulct  law  fails  to  meet  the  re- 
quirements of  a  good  excise  statute. 

We  repeat  our  demand  of  the  past  five  years  for  a 
local-option  high-license  law,  and  on  behalf  of  the 
commercial  interest*  of  our  State  we  favor  a  law  per- 
mitting the  manufacture  of  liquors,  thus  affording  a 
market  for  the  products  of  the  farm  and  labor  of  the 
State,  and  saving  to  our  people  the  enormous  sums 
now  expended  in  other  States. 

The  resolutions  also  favored  election  of 
United  States  Senators  by  direct  vote  of  the 
people,  "just  and  liberal  pensions  to  all  deserv- 
ing veterans,*'  nonpartisan  control  of  State  in- 
M  it  ut  ions,  and  the  speedy  completion  of  the 
H  en  n  en  in  Canal  and  the  deepening  of  water 
ways  from  the  Great  Lakes  to  the  ocean.  The 
nominations  were:  For  Governor,  W.  I.  Rabb; 
Lieutenant  Governor.  <>.  I..  !'..--T,,\V:  Judge  of 
the  Supreme  Court,  T.  G.  Harper;  Superin- 
tendent  of  Instruction,  Lyman  B.  Parshall; 
Railroad  Commissioner,  George  Jenkins. 

The  Republican  ticket  was  successful  at  the 
election,  the  return  of  the  vote  for  Governor 
being  as  follows:  Drake,  Republican,  206,689; 
Babb\  Democrat,  149,488;  Crane,  People's  party, 
«,118;  Bacon,  Prohibition.  11,052.  The  other 
candidates  were  elected  bv  the  following  vote: 
--.  .!  .  ::.'  :--,; 

Superintendent*  212,852 ;  Kail  road  Commission- 
er. tlt,«l  1.  The  next  State  Senate  will  have  43 
Republicans  and  7  Democrats;  the  House,  80 
Republicans  and  20  Democrats. 

n:is»  N  M  IOSAL  ALLIANCE,  an  organi- 
sation formed  in  convention  in  Chicago, &  : 

•Moving  for  its  object  "thesecuring  of  the  in- 
oependence  of  Ireland  by  any  means  within  its 
gwercoiiaiitentwith  the  laws  and  usages  of 
dvilted nations,"  ThequaliflcaUonsformem- 
benbip  are  good  moral  character,  birth  on 
Irish  soil  or  descent  from  Irish  parentage,  and 


the  taking  of  a  pledge  to  aid  by  every  m. 

•  iniiy  \\  it  h  t  hr  const  itut  ion  :in  : 
tin-    Irish  'Nuticiiiiil  Alliancr,  in   -runni: 

i.'iirr  ,,f  I  rdatiil.     The  origin. 
president,  a  vice-president,  a  treasm 

tl  ive   council   of  nine    ni.-iul.cr-.   \vh,,  hohj 
office  for  two  years.    Th.    stair  < 
are  modeled    on    the    national    j... 
authority    (<>    i.ru'ani/1'     must     conic     fr. 
national  cxccutiv.-  council. 

t    local     sul.ilivision    of    tin-    Alli.v 
known   as  a  council,  to   I..-  «l,-i-n:itr.l 
number  of  tin-  charter  furni-|:. 

i\e  (..uiKil.    The  convention  pass< •• 
lutionsof  sympathy  with  the  (  ul..i 
mended  the  work   now  tiring  done  1 
League  and   the  National   Li' 

'Land  liy  the  (Jaelic  socicti.  -  of  the 
States.     The  most    important  of  thu  reaos^^l 
adopted  were  these: 

We  earnestly  protest  against  the  ( 

iti'.n   in   Ktiirlisli 
I.  r  it  minimal)  an<l  against  tl  • 

M     J.rir-«n     Mien    \\liM  )i;i 

in  the  int.  rot  of  their  e<»imtry  ari'l  I 
aii-1  that  the  release  of  these  men  is  in 
niandcd  not  only  t>\  the  Irish  j.er.plc, 
xution ;  we  recommend  the  i«.n: 

.•"•mpanies    wherever    praetieahh-,    ill    order   U>  t^g 

and  preHervo  the  rnilitury  wpirit  c: 

t»  j.n -pare  tor  a-  lion  in  the  hour  of  £nglan<i 

culty. 

ly  in  December,  1895,  it  was  r« 
a  large  number  of  councils  ha-  i 
New  York,    I'.n.oklyn.    Montreal.    • 
Louis,  Chicago,  San    l-'raiicisco,  Cl« -\ 
ton,  and  Detroit.    The  movement 
attention  on  account  of   the   militai 
Alliance,  to  be  a  member  of  which  t 
must  also  belong  to  a  lodge  of  the  Clan-; 
In  this  manner,  a  full  regiment   hn- 
in  the  city  of  New  York,  and  other* 
cities  are 'following  the  example.     \\  i..  n  i'n- 
dent  Cleveland  sent  his  message  to  ( 
ati  veto  the  boundary  of  Venezuela,  in  I>eoa^H 
1895,  the  Alliance  issued  a  manifesto 
England,  and  declared  it  would  furnish 
men  in  case  of  a  war  with  that  nation. 

ITALY,  a  constitutional  monarchy  in 
ern   Europe.     The  Constitution    is  th.v 
ancient  kingdom  of  Sardinia,  adopt 
and  extended  to  the  united  countri- 
1861.    The  throne  is  hereditary  in  1 1 
of  the  house  of  Savoy.    The  reigning  K|^B 
Umberto  I.  l.orn  March  11.  1*11.    Th- 
is composed  of  the  rpval  princes  and  390  m« 
bers  nominated  for  life  from  among  \  > 
have  attained  certain  official  i 
rendered  eminent  services  to  the  coi 
8,000  lire  of  taxes.  TheChaml 
tains  506  members,  elected  dinctly  in  a^H 
districts  by  all  citizens  who  can  reaxl  an<l  « 
and  who  pay  20  lire  of  direct  ta 
cil  of  Ministers,  constituted  01 
composed  of  the  following  mer 
and  Minister  of  the  Interior. 
Minister  of  Foreign  Affair 

f  Finance,  Paolo  Bosclli  ;  Mir. 
Treasury,  Giorgio  Sonnino  :  MimV 
and  Worship,  Andrea  <  aienda  di  Tavani : 
ister  of  War,  Gen.  Stanislao  Mocen 
of  Marine,  Admiral  Constantino  W« 


ITA, 


ry.  ai.-i  liar- 

ltie)B.— Th0  area  of  lulv  u  In 

k    The  population  on  Dee.  nmnmarii 

it«l  to  E  ;«i,iii;j,iwti    TI,,.  ,)ar>  . 

-  t»  1894  was  281.3*1;  of  nose*. 

death*.  888490;  exone  of  debtin  18*4-15  w*V  8M.UM80  : 

of  emigrant*  to  and  1.357.33H  lire  for  amoftiMtion. 

S&?  U*7?!1  £  Tfc*  A rmy  .-The  pet**  effective  of  the  ar»y 

888  to  Braxil,  84,781  to  the  to  18*5  wa* :  Staff  and  military  **tabli*Jua*fj|flL 

to  other  part*    848  battalion*  and  98  district  ~r— rtfffr  of 

Asia,   and     fai.in.    7.148   ofletf*   and    I4fl.4*4    mrr 

;,;•;,,,..-.     ;  :,;,'    '  .    •     -;     '    ; 

nie*  of  artillery  and  40  ooaraaai**  of  tn£7& 

Ottfi**n  And  •Mbit*****'   m*M%  $  AJ   MMM  *•*•.••&**•*  tfu*f  «**m*«A- 


Ina,    148,400;    Bologna,    n«*r*  ...d  n.  888 

men;   r.*  sanitary 

!pt«  of  the  treasury  for    2^71  men;  19  OOPJ 
err.  an.  I 


:' a'Vn"-!!1  X  f  —  ,,'-;  ,  •'.,       •  -'  "''."'..  :    ,       *'.'..    ' 

STI95-18  the  ^7^,^^^  •«:   MM  mm;:*+l4#H*£  ZFZum 


udK-rt  at  1.85^,881  lira, and    .,  ^^ >or..raid^i«Je.7^TirW 

« 


The  ordinarjr  expenditures  trained  troop*  and  IJM6\4II 

1.378^00.088  lire  and  rxiraor-  il. 

»i    IM.iM8.898  lirr;   total.        Thr  NaTy.-The  fleet  in  1 

MBJB48,*4  railroad*  first<>la**  baltlr  .hips  of  from  UJ08*  10 

land  »<har  property  i*  87.128,904  lire;  from  the  ton*,  with  14  to  t2  inche*  of  armor  over U 


x.  J88.188JOO  lin  ;    fn.m    lan.l   and  part*,  each  armed  with  4  105-.  100-.  or  f7.t«a 

M*JW  tax**.  198,400.000  lire ;  from  rrgutration.  guns.  earn. .  1  ID  )>«H<rttca  by  8  of  thorn  f  Italia.* 

ips,  iuooession  du.-x.  th.-  tnx  on  railn«<l  n-  "  I^i«iii<>."    •  Uugxriero   di    Laarta."  * 

••  I- 


from  consumption  duties,  52.050.-  -Hanlrgna,"  and  "Sicilia-)  and  by  2  ia  lamt* 

'.nj.000.-  <  ,nd  ~  l»«nd.  1-.  -.;  1  strand  iiia*s  l*jl 

00 lire;  tie  shins  {•  Aflbfjdalora,1*  -Anoosja.- -C^ealiV 

it*,  bear,  dardo,*  -  Marco  Polo,"  -  Maria  Pia."  and  *9m 

I  sugar.  89.300.000  lire;  from  the  Mart,n,.'\  armed,  the  first    with   l*+m.  tW 

00.000  lire;  from  post*,  telegraphs,  othrr  '.  fourth^law  shin  of 

prison*,  otc^  81397^00  lire ;  repay-  the    linr    ,- Kti.«."      KirramaKa."   -TTi  iiausji 


fee*,  pnson*,  ate^  81^97.900  lire ;  repay- 

"2^09  lire:  rarion*  receipt*,  8.410.-  Ran*an.M  -Stromboli."  and  •  VaWtvia"):  8  af 

rai  the  fifth.  18  of  the  sixth,  and  2  of  the  seieXh 

.88.427.^:                   m  class;    5  first-class.  94  sjnnsjli  flasi.  88  third- 

pals*  of  domain*  and  enoleaiattioal  land*,  etc..  class,  and  21   fourth-class  torpedo  boat*:  8* 

M08  lin- ;  front  nickel  money,  etc..  17.129.-  Auxiliary  vfeaeb  of  various  rlnssi;  aad  8  aai- 

lure.    Tha  ohiaf  expenditurai  a?t i  lnt.r.  «t  Uafj orujavi 

I  theconjH)||<iwt«^l  <lrhf,  4«u{.;r.l.:UVt  lir.- ;   int.  r  <<immrrrr.       1           •           .        •      •  •->       '     r.cf 

tignJahable  loan*.  70,028,731  lirr  ;  an-  rhandtse  in  18*4  anrraalni  to  1.094.800LOQO  Mtt; 

«rment  on  the  purchase  of  railroad*,'  27.-  import*  of   . 

:  railroad  guarantee*  and  intr rr*t  on  The  »prcial  export*  of 


mmiire;eiTillh«andappaiiafe*.loVMO,000    export* of  pracioua ajttiKtllJiJK »T  TW 


d  Chamber.  2,120.000  lire  ;  MTV-  principal 
fftiaabla  debt,  84387^  ^«l.  I 

at&.  88.499.832  lirr*;  •dministra-  ••• 
-jin.l  .— T  o;  marh 

n  affair*,  9.4813N- 

i  for  extraonlinary  purpose* :  iu*-  000   lire  ;   color*« 

•nlinanr  and  82JB89  lire  8M80UOO*  lir 


re  or 


in****-  public  instruction.  f8.OTft.1HH>  lire; 

ary  and  689.1 18  lire  for  1  M00t*90  lire ;  guma,  17 

rioe,  58J98.I8*  lire  800*8*1 

and  2J»9^48  lire  for  extraordinary  I8J8M8*  lire 


.'K888.684  lire  for  ordi-    leu  m.  11. 
«d  fl8.400.488  lire  for  extraordinary  Pur-    Silk.  a*.  100.000  lin.  otiw  oil, 


ITALY. 


wint,  49.000,000  lira ;  eggs,  40,000.000  lire ;  hemo 
and  flai.  ^800,000  liw;  TMeUbles,  80.000.000 


., 

.faclurw,  27.800.000  lire;  ani- 
.'7.000.000  1m  :  silk  goods,  38,500.000  lire; 
Milphur.  21.500.000  lira:  fruits.  19.900.000  lire; 
19.300.000  1m-:   .  -it- n  goods,  16,800,000 
lirv;  aim.'; 

!m-:  tnrtar.  i:t.40O.oOO  lire;  marble  and  alabas- 
tar,l&900.000  lire;  poultry.  rJ.mW.OOO  lire:  but- 

•NHI  hre:  rice.  l'l. 700.000  1: 

U.600.»M>  hre:    r.ino  ore.   10.500.000  lin-.     The 
ratae*.  in  i.  i-ccial  trade  with  the  prin- 

cipal foreign  countres,  in  1894  are  given  in  the 


ufroMoe 

110,400^000 

,.;.:;„,,,  H, 


rtJOOgOOQ 


11400,000 
10,800,000 


7.-."  "'.'•"• 

1,100,000 


MI..MN...NNI 

LM.100,000 
MMOQ.OM 


18.500,000 
18.900.000 


10.000400 


14^00,000 

7.  ......  .'MM. 

1^00,000 


Navigation.  —  There  were  entered  during 
1894  in  Italian  ports  1 1 :..!'.» 7  vessels,  of  29,038,- 
183  tons,  of  which  15,953,  of  7,962,369  tons,  were 
engaged  in  foreign  trade,  9,579  of  these,  of 
SjOOCW  tons,  being  Italian,  and  JHJ.244.  of  21.- 
5  tons,  were  coasting  vessels.  The  num- 
ber of  rets.  1  from  long  voyages  with 
cargoes  was  12.682,  of  6,384,198  ton,.  The  num- 
ftteam  vessels  engaged  in  foreign  trade 
was6.716.  of  7.262.7W*  to,,.  The  total  number 
of  vessels  cleared  was  113,983,  of  28,21  >UJ 
tons,  of  which  16.1  HH.  Of  8.195,558  tons,  were  en- 
gaged •'-.•!•!•.  and  <>f  these  latter  9,820, 
of  4.:t6!i.02:i  tons,  carried  cargoes. 

merchant  marine  on  Jan.  1.  1  *'.'">.  con- 
sisted  of  6.231  sailing  vessels,  of  571,605  tons, 
and  328  *• 

Railroads.  Posts,  and  Tele-raphs. -Then- 
were  14.944  kilometres,  or  9.280  miles,  of  rail- 
road in  op  Jan.  1,  1895. 

1899  forwarded  I40.i:«.907 
letters.  57,036.433  postal  cards,  and  215,040,616 
newnpApcr*  and  circulars. 

The  l.-ngth  of  the  telegraphs  in  1893  was  38,- 
.metres,  with  148,34*  kilometres  of  wires. 
The  number  of  paid  internal  messages  sent  was 
7JW6.1S4:  of  international  me-  i  (594. 

Prevention  of  i.iolitti.     i 
BtU,  who  on  Dec.  15,  1894,  submitted    to   tin 
Chamber  of  Deputies  a  plico  or  seal* 
containing  charges  agam*t  Cri*pi  fortified   by 
OOCBliwnU  apparently  implicating  the    Premier 
hi  the  Hanca  Homana  scandals,  and  afterward 
fled  to  avoid  arrest  when  the  session  of  the  Par- 
l  wa%  sudden!?  suspended,  returned   to 
001  Feb.  27.  1895,  to  m<  ion- 


again<4  him  of  ab»trartion  r.f  papers 
*mhiT«i  «nd  illegal  powesn,  n  of  let- 
HfDora  Crinpi.    The  original  complaint 
was  for  forgrrr  and  ««l»n«lpr.     (;i,,!itti  demanded 
a  trial  before  the  Senate.    The  Court  of  Cassa- 


\;-ril  24  sustained   his  appeal,  and  the 
case  against  him  was  abandoned. 

1   be  taken    only   b\ 

Chamber  of  I  >eput  ies. 

(.<  neral    Flections.—  Prime- Mil. 

jiied    Parliament    in 

cause  he  found  it  impossible  to  commam: 
jorltv  for  hi-  niea-ure-  and  feared  a 
-lire  in  tin-  excitement  caii-ed  by  ill, 

lit  airaiii-t    him    in   the   ( 'haml»er  of  D^H 

\-l'riiin-Mini-ler    (iiolitt 
month*  he  go\enn-d    without  a  Parliaim-i 
•  (T    di—  uliitioii     and    tin-    -umnn.i, 
a  new  Chamber  until   it    should   b. 
sary  for  the  voting  of  the  budget.     Tin  • 
ber  was  formally  dissolved  by  royal  d- 
May  8,  and  election-  were  appoint* 
place  on   May  26.     Tin-  electoral 
while  were  n-vi-ed  under  a  m-\\ 

M     -I  Illle    1  1,    l^'.t  I.        T!   B      I 'ope 

hi- injunction  W.  forbidding  Cl 

to  take  part  in  the  elect  i,,ns  cji 

or  as  voters  (//<   »•/>•///  n>  »•/» //»//• 

lion  was  universally  respected.     Tin-  polit 

of  all  parties  predicted  that  tl 

give  Cri-pi  a  majority  of  1W  in  tin 

ber.     Results  can   be'thus  foretold  becantt 

prefects  have  pow  i  T  to  control 

lions   and   elections,  but    mini*leria: 

often  change  their  attitude  after  llic\ 

and  vote  against  the  mini-try  on   0,1, 

ari-e  in  the  Chamber.     The  people  did  not 

erally  believe  tin-   imputation-  a-ain-t  the 

sonal    bom-  nor    Crispi.  altln'iiL'h 

were  revived  by  the  Radical 

Nothing  had  been  actually  proved 

in  connection  with  tin    Bam  a   Koi 

voting  <-f  a  decoration  for  the  Panai- 

Herz  that  was  not  capable  of  being  « 

a  way  that  was  consistent    with  hi*  lifelong 

ord  of  probity.     His  assumption  of  a 

dictatorship  for  the  suppn— ion  of  econot- 

orders  in   Sicily  and   hi-  exten-ion   of   tin-   law 

of   don.  -itfn   to   anarchical    prop.: 

lost   for    him    many    adherent*   of    liber.. 

dencies,   but    more    \ 

conservative   section    of   the   community.     Th<- 

improvement  in  the  national    final. 

achievement  of  Crispi's  ministry  that  ma 

seem   indispensable   even  to  hi-   mult  it  u 

personal  and  political  enemies.     I'.a: 

was  able  to  boast  that  tin- rate  of  ,.\ 

fallen    10   point*,  while   ft  ire  of  fA0- 

tional  currency  had    been   witlnlrawn   fr- 

dilation  :  that"  tin-   paper    iin-n- 

•  lire,  while  44,000,000  lire  of  g. 

'.000   lire  of   silver   had    be,  „    adde.i 
metallic   reserve;  that    the    P.ank    of    Ita 
successfully  reconstructed  and  [ 
the  reorL'ani/at  ion  of  tin-    Maul 
the  official  rate  of  di-c.,unt    had  been  i 
from  6  to  5  percent.:  that    tin-  <)• 
had    decreasea.   con*<»lidate<l    -lock    ha<i 
withdrawn  to  the  amount  of  no.ooo.oOO  lin 
OOO.CKK)    lire   of    treasury    bornl*    ha 
deemed,  and  (H).OOO.OOO  lire  of  Italian  -ih 
returned    from   abroad:  that    Italia?. 
risen  to  the  highest  quotation-  in  spite  of 
crease  in  tin-  tax:  that  imports  had  dimr 
by  69.000,000  lire,  while  exports  in- •: 
000,000  lire;  that  there  was  a  reduction 


ITALY. 


in  expenditure  and  MI  inrreaaa  of 
>  f  iew  of  Mich  iv. 

talorfal 

i.  including  the  levying  of  (at. » 

t.ctr..       T»o 

.11  9  or  8.    GeriUMi 


•   tMCtlOM   Ml   Attempt 
IpOQ    thr    lif 

•t  who  denounced  vio- 
WM  elected  over   liar- 


inMehaJUt*  ntitn- 

r.-ii|  >  ..r  the  <  •;  i 
alOiKMition  nutn 

i     Ml  :•.  v... 

t,  mi. l  the  rait 

•tedffaff  Hriti.  (itohtti.  nn.l 

I.    Th.  ,  ft  waa  60 

adraoond  Sodaliata. 

.•l.-The    nineteenth 

*u-  -I  •  :,.  .1    M    .!•.:..      in.  "  , 

•inJi  "f  allegiance  the  So- 

ftabaen  -,  tl..- 

MM  spoke  of  further  meaa- 

the  budget  thai 

roblem*  of  ctiinmunal 

ntstrntive  reform  oouM   U- 

•itJOfii  of  the  laws  were  to 


.    •»    r 

•  «    :    •  • 


riffbU  and  public 
even  those  filling  high 

in  r  ntul  more 
f  human 

00  to  Kunrnntce  aocial 
sraided  to  better  things. 
OMM0  •  !:•  •  ll  »•  D  •!  M 

the  lot  «.f 
o  Italian  fleet 

nirtsroouth.  which  took  place  on  Julv  0.  was 
itwtioned  as  being  a  n-turn  t..  th.-  I: 

tmffS  of  m<Mt    intimate  frirnd-hip.     In 
Government,  far  from   purM. 

wUhed  only  to  con»>li.Utr 
"  pave  tbe  way  for  tbe 


changea 
cr 


V  new  Hi 


ISJM  in 


WMh 

. 


tariff,  a  tax  on  insui 

f  the  probate  duties,  by 
intern  fcOOOjOOO  lire  of  new  taxes  would 
*«.000  lirr  ha.1  already  been 
the  decrees  of  the  Government. 
i     amount     !•>    90,OOOjQOO 
P"^.    Thr  hu.lc.-t   ti\..i  ,-xj.-i      -MT.  >    r    I  ••.:  - 
1X000   Im-.    |-i»uic    an    .M.M. :»•.-!     mf\ 

tjOOOIirr.    Itank  n.-t.-s  %»,n»  to  be  reducrd 

aon.000  lire.     The  Socialists  attacked   tbe 

f   the   <;..v.-rtiinent.     They  de- 

intetv  for   |M.liti.-al  offenders.'  and 

trvtl   that   DO  mercy 

a  phvsiral 

nsaed  on  June  19.  S.nnin-'«  t*\ 
Mils  were  carrie«l  substantially  unchangnl.  « »n 
^pc  17.  the  anniversary  of  tbe  entry  into 


U»eeiceptUof4leader. 
?^^'^^^MtT^^.^  •<SS 

!*«•  against  •odalieta  and 
.riiammt  r 


N*|ML  —  I 

timbre*  on  the 

claim.  a 


. 

claim,  a  protectorate  over  tbe"  Empire  of  Abvs- 

•   ,    :  I  •      •    .     .     '.  :     : 

'  •  •!  '  -    i:, 


ft  BOH  of  the  laf  • 


A^  ^TI^VM   AVA9 

MpMMH  of  the  cou 

riff 

DO  dfttt.  tor  be  bod  DO  etetl^ 

TlffTP,  Which    «a-    >i>  •.!•!•  of 


MM^Jar 

" 


IU.   Mw.tfa-  ;.  .1,  IftfJi 
the  Itahwi.  and  to  h-in  ll 
l>Un«  wens  rij*  in  «  Mow  for  UM 

M 
Of  •Mrrmuitjr  rUimed  by 


hdto 


For  three  yean  be  baa  been 
storing  up  food  for  tbe  oowteet  »ttb  luly. 
When  Gen.  Raratieri.  after  his  plena  bed  re- 
ceived tbe  approval  of  the  Italian  OiiveTDmswl, 
began  tbe  conquest  of  Tigre  in  Jaawary.  UBY 
tjannlelr  did  DOC  stir  Rat  Mmnffptttk  enUerud 
an  armv  of  10,000  men  to  rs5stla7m*ss*aa  ef 
the  Italian  forces,  but  they  defeated  kern  at 
and  Coat  it,  and  afterward  oaptares)  Ma 
§1  Seoapeh  and  drove  aim  oet  of  aa» 
y.  occupy in*  tbe  ompiteJ  and  all  tbe  aorta- 
em  and  central  district  teddrmly.  early  la 
December.  h*»tile  forces  bma  to  poer  into  tW 
count  r  e  of  IJOlT  Dative  troop*.  or*s>» 

mamUl  by  Major  T.-  ;;;.  •  *.  Mtrtstsed  ai  J 
UUiri  an'i  »um*ind*d  l.v  an  army  of  SU 
Abyssinian*.  MaJorTeaetti  bad  amW  Wai 
Italian  onVersanT+O  siiii  msilssinsii  oaVi 


•'• 

tain  U(irr«  was  eibaasti 

Ikam  .-"  •    i    > •  :    ..'. 

kflM   llha.:a»» 

after  the  battle 


• 

fth^fl^      t  aV^. 
MTV     UaV 

•• 


«w  rvfarted  to  be 
TW  Italian  farm  in 


•    mj 


.IAPAN. 


as  well  a*  Antolo,  and  Adua  WM  also  threatened, 
Gen.  Bamiien.  the  Italian  commandem 
ordered  all  the  force*  .  Adigrat,  where 

he  established  hi*  headquarters. 

The  Abyssinian  army  that  entered  Tigro 
numbered  at  least  70,000  men.  commanded  by 
Ka»  Mangaacia  and  Makon. ...  The  lattor  had 
nhortlv  before,  as  a  nine,  made  overtures  of  peace 

;;.   •..  •    tfoJ    IN::,-   MM* 

The  Government  asked  for  and  received  an 


immediate  credit  of  7,000,000  lire  and  begsj 

U)  embark    troops    for   Afr. 
•dcred    the    forces  at    And. 

upon  Adigrat.    Makallu  and  Antalo.  as  well 

Adua,  were  besieged  by  the  Al 

Government  promised  t'<>  limit   it's  d 

the  campaign  to  10,000,0" 

The  British  Goveramenl  refused  pen 

land    Italian    troops  at   Zeila.    on     : 
coast,  the  nearest  point  to  Mem 


.IVI'VY  i  nst it titional  monarchy  occupy- 
ing the  loin:  chain  »f  islands  bet 
ctuitka  and  the  Philippines.  Bv  the  treaty  be- 
tween Spain  and  Japan,  ratified  in  Tokio  Aug. 
7, 1805,  the  line  of  demarcation  was  fixed  at  the 
line  parallel  to  a  degree  of  latitude  pa-:n- 
through  the  middle  of  the  navigable  part  of  the 
i; .  .  •  hai  m  ',.  >pain  declares  that  it  will 
aim  to  the  islands  Iving  to  the  north 
and  northeast  of  this  line,  and  Japan  promises 
•  me  islands  to  the  south  and 
southeast  of  this  line.  No  part  of  the  Asian 
continent  proper  belongs  to  Japan.  The  treaty 
Sined  at  I'ekin.  V  r<  1 1,  1895,  by  Tadasu  and 
Tig-Chang  specified  that  on  the  payment 
of  30.000,000  Kuning  taels  Japan  would  retro- 
cede  to  China,  and  within  three  months  evacuate, 
the  Liao-Tung  peninsula.  The  Emperor,  Mutsu- 
;  -ace  man),  was  born  Nov.  3,  1852,  and  the 
heir  apparent.  Voshihito,  of  one  of  the  imperial 
.  ::i.  1^77.  The  Kmpn-ss.  Ha- 
ruko,  born  May  28,  1850,  was  married  Feb.  3, 
1869.  The  title  of  Mikado  is  now  popularly 
obsolete.  In  the  dynastic  line,  the  oldest  in  the 
world,  Mutsuhito  is  recognized  as  the  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty-second  in  descent  from  the  sun- 
goddess.  Officially  the  empire  began  with  Jimmu, 
B.  c.  660.  In  the  lawfully  published  list  of  por- 
traits, 1895,  besides  the  9  females,  2  shorn  Bud- 
dhist monks,  warriors  in  ann,  and  children  who 
were  puppets  (showing  the  vicissitudes  of  Jap- 
politics),  the  six  -  false  "  or  "  northern  " 


emperors  of  the  rival  dynasty  in  the  civil  wars 
of  i:t36-*92  are  now  presented.  Modern  crit  i<  al 
science  rejects  the  first  seventeen  names  in  the 
list,  and  recognizes  the  credibility  of  Japanese 
history  from  about  400  A.  D.  The  Kmp<  r<>r  i- 
sole  executive,  but  is  advised  by  a  Cabinet  made 
up  of  the  beads  of  10  departments,  presided  over 
by  a  Minister  President,  and  consults  with  the 
Privy  Council,  composed  of  20  statesmen  of 
rank  and  experience. 

OvftnuBent.— The  Constitution,  proclaimed 
Feb.  11,  1880,  is  theor. -tj, -ally  the  gift  of  the 
sovereign  to  his  people.  It  makes  the  ministers 
of  stale  responsible  to  the  Emperor,  and  not  to 
the  Diet.  Only  a  comparatively  small  i. 
of  the  national  expenses  is  under  the  control  of 
th«  two  booses:  the  great  bulk  of  appropriations 
in  the  budget,  being  -  fixed  bv  law/  can  not  be 
IgtMncftd  by  legislation.  The  ends  sought  by 
the  various  progressive  parties  is  to  limit  bv  de- 
pees  the  imperial  prerogative,  control  the  whole 
bodpLmake  the  Cabinet  ministers  responsible 
to  the  Diet,  enlarge  the  franchise,  and  terminate 


••r  the  practical  monopoly  ,,f  ; 
and  emolument    held  sine,-    !*••'•*   by  men 
mainly    fr«-m     the    two    clan^    "f    SaNun 
Choshiu— in  a  word,  to  nj-pn. 

\meriean  models  of  government 
session  of  the  Diet  opened  in  '!'«•! 
1  *!»:>.  A  ft  er  six  months  of  negotiat 
tip-  Liberal  or  opposition  party  an-: 

\ernment  leaders,  issuing  in  pi 
the  latter  of  long-contemplated  reforms 
app«-al  to  the  country  if  defeated   in  tl, 
nnion  between  the  twosets  of  statesmen  I, 
made.     Government  by  party  i-thu*  inn- 
in  Japan.      In    the  election   of  >•  [,:.  1.  1 -- 
of  460,113  electors,  or  11  to  every  I.IHMI 
itants,  392,0:^6  voted,  or  85  oer  cent,  of  1 1. 
number  for  300  representatives  in   . 
•  iistricts.     On  Dec.  31,  181)4.  the  nun 
was  599,  and  of  persons  dec 
whom  1,789  were  foreigners.    Of  d- 
ceived  from  foreign  governments  by  Japanett 
there  were  959.    There  are  now  <,: 
whom  120  have  been  made  since  1>" 
majority  being  Satsuma  and  ('I  K. shin  men.  Sinr* 
the  war  with  China  2  \  Vomits  and 
with  allowances  to  each  person  from  H 
list  of  20,000  and  10,000  yen  rcspec 
been  created.    The  pension  allowance  to  1 
families  of  those  who  lost  their  lives  dm 
late  war  is  8  sen  (about  7  cents)  per  di> m.    ' 
standard  of  value  is  the  silver  yen  (w 

.  in  which  all  st  a  tcments  concern  i  ng  money 
in  this  article  are  expressed. 

Population. — The  annual  c<  t 
in  December  and  published  in  detail  di;- 
the  next  year.     Statistics  since  i 
fave  a  total  of  33,110,825  souls, show  that  Janto 
has  gained  over  8,000,000  in  p.. pi. 
the    old    immoral,  economic,    and 
checks  on  natural  human  increase  have  I 
moved.    The  average  annual  enlar •_ 
census  figures  is  not  far  from  half  a  n. 
pressure  of  population  upon  the  f< 
relievable  by  the  coloni/ation  t  f  V.-/ 
mosa.  both  fertile  and  thinly   peopled 
<  >n  Dec.  81,  1894,  the  enumefat 
•n>Ku><r_>    natives,  of   whom    'Jl.l: 
males   and  20,668,804  were   f  < ; 
7,883,369  houses.     In  the  three  social  ran! 
8,884  nob].  hizoku  or 

89,766,84" 

households numberinp  <;< >7.  i::j.  1 50.  ar 
respectively.    Of  the  unregistered  p« 
were  unadopted  foundlings  and  1.214  pr 
There  were  251,146  marriages  and  112,362  di- 


JA1<  875 


irws.   Absooodertnnmlwrad  818.78ft.  and  per-    armvof 

*d  53.791.    Of  crntmartans.  84    aoso  campaign  on  tbe 


-Tbe    Imnerial   Jonaosaa    \»t» 

randi-huv    List  made  oat  to  8e*ember.  iST***.  2 
KJO.000  persons,  of  wbom    men-of-war  afl<«U  or  in  an  adrsaod  rtai*  of 
.1  in  is.:t      In  Koriuuaa  and  its    construction.    Of  tbesa.  17  are 


*>  square  mils*,    composite,    Tbe  otbers  ar*  of  et*H  and 
which 


-.  makes    in  best  modern  style.    In  tbe  bodget  of 


nai  nuuo 


tbe  Japanese    the  ordinary  eipeadilurs  for  tbe  Navy  K  ,*n 

ini.ir.    i  ..........  i   ai    7j88tJ0§  wm^    ifiA  ii^   . 

l.e  session  of  thr  hiet.  Jan.    amount  asked  for  is  8848(888  yen.  of  wfckt 


ir  6.45U.940  yen  are  fur  tbe  cooetmnioo  of  war 

11  forties  presented  a  unanimous  ships  -  already   ordered**   and   tt,888Lfs* 

i  budget,  substantially  as  presented  "na\al  extension.''    Tbe  prograsjMM  Is  to  rales 

nrnent,  wan  voted  with..(,t  -I.-  tal  displaotmatit  of  tbe  nary  to  888y88» 

rtSJfja.  IH'.:KNI.:.N»  |:,  s,  ,,  ;   •  .  •.,;  ,  \  ...  i .,    v    p    i',.. i 

ooed  as  ordinary*,  and  8.888.788  J«|  "." 

.   1804.  ross  to  880,788488  yr> 

revenue  was  88.O40.000- 70.  were  for  imports  and  117.488J61  yen  were  for 

lay  was  8n  \ceeding  tbe  avarage  by  about 

irease  of  •                  .  »,„    m   th,  ao  per  cent    Tbe depredolion 

a  .1,-,-n-aM-  ,.f  I^MMmO  r«  n.  •  m  raaji  ,  ml  '-     Lated asp  rti 

.an     fllld.       In  "•     *•  n.«       '  l.»x,-  :.,.-     •     "•     -   ..      '     •    ,.   r"     '    .'    ' 

"bol,  tbe  estimate  1  m-  ti.,    latt.r  over  the  f,,ni.. 

4^00,000  yen.  nn«l  in  receipts  ac-  with  1 NQ8,  sbows  clearly  tbe  dev 

QoTernroeiit  enterprises  1.000,000  Ja|«nesa  people's  purcbaaing  poww.    In  I8M 

tbe  items  of  iwtional  l.«n.  about  7.800.000  ym.     In  tbe  first  balf  of  Ut4 

there  is  a  total  increase  <  he  foreign  trade  amounted  m  aipurts  to88L44t> 

.     In   ••xtmonlinary   items    tbere  ftSO.  an<l  in  unj-.rt.  to  80087.038  pa*,  making  a 

.17  yea,  compared  with  lOJ^IV 
vo  Tears  tbe  stoel^lail 

War  Depart-  gregate  eipanaion  of  18.71M88  jm.    In  sps3i 


nal    *um  of  550,000  yen    foi 

-.  and  the  rise  of  price  over  Import  is  explained  by  tbe  parr  bass  of  VSJT 

u-  material  abn«uL    On  tbe  pnajianma  easjdfcsa* 

•  ion  m  ,,r.-| -  of  the  »ilk  trade  and  general  revival  of  bsjejsjsjsj 

sources  in  Japan  an  climated  total  trade  lor  1888  of 

ue  an  tx.  70.902.341  880.000.0 

fees,  2.540.381    .  --f  trade 

n ;  are  to  be  noted.    In  1884. 

••at  on  depos-  ami  native  manufactures, to , 

..'4*080  yon, while  imports. obieiylai 

blio  debt  was  8883143ft!  yen.  raw  products,  were  valued  at  81  £00 

bears  ft  percent,  inter-  1H93  Japan  »»M  to  tbe 

i  feudal  and  bought  319.084  yen  wortb  of  comawdttas. 


te  old  daimios,  pensions  to  re- 

•Obi  -    ati.l    MsOTi    ••     :     •  : 

J?5£iA&^C  ,. N  ••<  a  •  -  •  - :  -  -  •  •  H  «  » 

tiflcates)  beld  as  a  guarant.-  imported,  an  increase  owr  l»4  of 

.,.     Ja|«ir*  crrtltt  788  pounds.     Owing  to  tb*  increase  to  o4t.« 

i.ain..iint-  pared    with   300.000  te 

yen.  \ 


was  for  80.M8  bales, 

i-  military  operaUons  of  1804-        rom»aaleatlo»*-Tb« 


vith   tin-   lessrves.  for  great  activity  of  i 

'.e  ofnrial   sr.-it.Mioi  as  tbe  rail w»«.  ami  «blM«i«|«r«amiSjglMSjdssaw- 

ual  (>clop^ilia.M  It.   v»f. :» .  and  wiib  orlrrtty  tbe  eftlraordloary 

H9«  "the  alrea«lr  flxe»l  rt|^n-  rvouireeaoBta  of  war  ami  |«sjc«,     Tbe  lengtb  of 

av "asvragato  18^98.109  ven.  railway  m  operatlosj  at  tbe  e*d  of  Marcb,  1888. 

tary  and  1M8M80  wa.  5.180  mile.;  tbat  of  NSMS  a«lsr  coaeUwy 

it  u're  »rr  a-  .on  «r  projected  was  1.048  mitts,  and  tbe  naav 

rment  of  thr  arm  v  l*r  of  nrttsir  rail  war  comnaaivs  was88l    8W» 


f.  railway  bate  a  capdal  of  M3JMJ88  yrr 

ral  rx-  a  t.4«l  mileage  of  r7»mile«.  of  wbicbm  were 

1  l»e  5-%J>WI.-  alread?  ofwA  in  Marrb.    Tbe  88  private  earn* 

rogrammr  ha«  in  v,,-w  the  dmih-  panias  bav»  a  capital  of  88U848J88  yea.  aad  IJM 

1  *       ***»  -1—      t^«.l      •mull     •  i  j      M.<L«AdiM     /•  ISA 

prwent  mihtarv  force  ami  the  i^wrr.  miles  off   umr  total  pfojariea   mtieoge  <z.im 

years,  of  landing  and  maintaining  an  miles)  an  opea  to  traffic.    Grand  total  in  Japan : 


176 


JAPAN. 


Capital.  143.197.532  ten;  mileage,  3,178;  open 
f..r  traffic.  2.131  mile*.  Floods,  j»torms,  and 
earthquake*  cau*e  much  annual  loss. 

IMIMM  in  IHU3  had  17,209 
ami  587.490  boats   in  i...  »nh 

,-   vessels,  with  a  tonnage  <>f 

in  Kuropean  form,  and  680  steamer-.  <.f 

•so  horae  power,     lu  .lul 

within  thirty  day*.  87  ah  IDS,  of  132.968-.Vi  to,,,. 
nKMtlv  steamers  and  over  £.<><>"  to,,s  burden, had 
been  bought.  Japan's  normal  demand,  however, 
is  for  steamers  oTfrom  200  to  I.IMM.  t..ns.  In 
Mar.  1W>.  there  was  a  total  of  508  vessels  of 
modem  ImiM  and  814.512  Urns  l.urden.  ..\MI.-.| 
wholly  by  Japanese.  In  tin-  exclusion  of  mari- 
time  enterprise  following  the  war  direct  tndi 
the  United  States  at  Tucoma  has  been 
opened.  The  Nippon  Yusen  Kaisha  made  a 
pr.-tit  of  3,500.000  yen  by  chartering  lUi 
mi'i  tran«|ioru  to  the  Government  during  the 
war.  and  have  set  aside  8,500.000  \.-n  fur  main- 
taining a  line  to  Europe  with  5  first-class  ves- 
sels of  5.000  to  6.00U  i  In  1VM  there 
wars  716  telegraph  offices  wit  h  10.282-08  miles  of 
wire  in  Japan,  over  which  6,444,41. 
were  sent,  while  52,865  international  dispatches 
were  received  and  58,781  forwarded,  of  tele- 
phone stations  there  were  28,  most  of  the  lines 
being  between  Tokio  and  Yokohama  an. I  Kioto 
and  Osaka.  From  the  3,818  post  offices  were 
sent,  and  over  the  100,000  miles  of  land  uixl 
routes  were  carried  821.471,080  articles,  showing 
an  increase  of  15*5  per  cent,  over  the  total  of 
1894.  ( >f  t  his  increase.  28-2  percent,  was  in  com- 
mercial samples,  18*7  in  postal  cards,  newspapers 
12*1, and  letters  11*8.  In  international  mail  mat- 
ter, 1.583,509nackages  were  received  and  l.i.VV 

Formoam.— The  treaty  of  Shimonoseki  stipu- 
lated that  at  th.-  end  of  two  months  the  Chi- 
nees Government  should  Iran  for  Formosa  to  the 
flag  and  Crown  of  Japan.  I  occu- 

.  a  board  of  administration  wn-  formed 
in  Tokio  on  a  purely  civil  basis,  the  soldiery  to 
be  need  chiefly  in  overcoming  the  savage  abo- 
rigines. On  the  contrary,  th.  Ilakkas,  Black 
Flags,  and  Pepehoans  or  semicivili/.ed  i 
rose  in  arms,  organized  by  Liu.  • »,,  May  24  a 
fleet  of  14  transports  carried  the  Imperial  Graaidi 
from  Port  Arthur  to  Keelung.  Four  months  of 
steady  fighting  Ixjjjan,  and  re-enforcements  were 
neoessary.  making  a  total  of  50,000  troops. 
These,  under  the  command  of  Li.-ut.-<;,-n.  Oshi- 
ma.  the  hero  of  Ping- Yang,  penetrated  the 
mountain  fastnesses  and  bamboo  forests,  and 
towed  or  stormed  the  walled  towns.  K 
and  Tamsui  were  first  occupied,  and  the  . 
era  end  of  the  island  pacified  before  the  summer 
rain*.  Despite  the  intense  heat,  fever,  guerrillas, 
and  rainstorms  steady  advance  was  made  sout  h- 
ward  U>  Tek-cham.  Chung-hua,  Kagi,  and  Tai- 
n  some  of  the  battles  as  many  as  10,000 
•  -"i.-aged,  the  resintance  being  more 
desperaU  than  in  Manchuria.  Th.  final 
I  Ua  •  army  »a«  made  at  Pang-liau.  near  whi.-h 

to    *£?"??  *****  whfch  ha<1  **en  actively  co- 
g  with  the  troops  during  the  summer. 
w  able  to  land  late  in  September  a  force 
nrnpHled  the  unconditional  surrender  .  f 
ftioese  insurgents.    Their  leader.  Liu.  es- 
caped to  China,  and,  except  a  few  later  skir- 


mi>hes  \\itli  n-lu-N  in  iimlc-an.: 

-tri'liglmld-.  tin-   \\holr    i>lainl  \\a>    ; 
In  I", tli  killed  and  \s<>undrd  . 
.lit  and  in\alidi>in    the   Japain 

in.  n    in   all   services,  lost 
mm  in  the  Formosun   than   in   the    I 
.nipaign-.  in  which   : 
were  orcu|>ied.  :    the    IV- 

were  first  tM-cnpicd  l»\  .lai 
thirteenth  and  durii:. 
ries,and  somei-f  the  current  g. 
are  but  ('hin.-r   [>r.>uuneiati<>ns  of  those  • 
Japanese  heroes.     In  ls!M  the  total  : 
at    the   4   ..p.  n    p<>rtx   ainoiinted    to 
Contracts  have   I.e.-n   given   for  telegraph 
ways,  and  a  sulunanne    caM« 
tnosawith  Hondo  and  Tokio.     The  < -hi-  : 
nets  of  the  i-land  are  gold.  -iiLr;ir.  ri.-e.  ti 
phor.  drui:>..  -pice-,  and  timl.er  in  \  ;i 

I  \entx  ,,i  L896.— The  chief  mil: 

of    th 

were  the  winter  campaign-  in   .Manchm 

the  summer  occupation  «,f  Funiiu-ji.     Afl 

fall  of  Port  Arthur  the  na  . 

foran attack  mi  \\  ei- 1 lai-\^ 

i.  'Jii.  and  the  Chinese  -hip-aii'i 
into  the  hands  of  the  .Japanese.  I  .-!..  Id. 
Arisuga-\sa-iio-.Mi\a.   undr   ..f   the    .Mik;e 
coiiimandcr-in-chief  of  the  arm\.died  .1 
and    was   succeeded    by    I'm, 
fresh  eipedition  sailed  from  1 1 
The  members  of  the  first  Chinese  pea 
bassy  arrived  at  Kobe  Jan.  oil,  hut  \\ 
cially  received,  their  powers  to  treat 
ficicnt.  and  they  returned   home    I 
cruiser  MSuma-kan"  was  launch 
which  time  also  M.  Boissonade,  for  i  went 
past  engaged  in  codifying  the   lau 
returned  to  France.      Li-llung-Clu 
plenipotentiary,  arrived  at  Shimon- 
to  begin  peace  negotiations,  which 
influenced  in  favor  of    China  by  ti 
made  upon  his  life  Feb.  24.    The  assays 
one  of  the  fanatical  young  pair 
who  atxmnd  in  m.-i-'-rn  .lapan.     The--  half-eW 
cated  persons  presume  to  «li<tat.  pi-ljcy 
inet  ministers, endanger  the  national  reput a1:  n. 
and  disarrange  grave  business  of  state  by  thv 
easy  and  fr.  rt  t..  vi.ili-nce  and  n 

Viscount  Inouye  Ki.  Minister  nf  Kdncati- 
long  "  t  he  Kmpemr's  pen."  was  Imri' 
Armistice  was  declared    March  :',(».  t 
to  the  northern  parts  of  China,  but 
until  May  8,  or  the  end  of  the  war.     <  in 
the  fourth  national  exhibit  ion  opened  at  Ki< 
It   lasted   six  months,  and    include. 1    the   gr:iii<i 
celebration   of   the   eleven-hundredth   ai 
sary  of  the  founding  of  the  city.     April 
expedition  sailed   for  the  e.,n.|iie-t  of  • 
Caooresand  Formosa.     The  treaty  of  p.; 
signed  April  17,  and  the  ratifxatj. 
at  Chefoo  Mav  8.     The  imperial 
nouncing  conditions  of  peace  was  i 
-,'1.     T  .-   nnpo|.ular  with   tl 

newspapers  were  suspended    and    man 
severely  purged  by  the  ce: 
and    >Uy  5.     Under  pressure 
many,  and  France.  Japan   yielded   posse- 
thc  Li ao -Tung  peninsula,  receiving  i 
demnity  from  China  instead.     The  Kmp- 

•dniu  April  -J7.  after  a  stay  of  two  hundred 


. 


T  Kioto,  where  be  remained  until  May 

••  MOM  day   «: 

*loW. 
IMKi  hail  iirrn  all  Active 

auil. 

ti.  arrived 


.flUl  »f  .l.-nth.  ru\a-.  -t  th.-  empire  from  Ji. 

tiompanitxl  with  typhoons  ami  m> 
nail) 

-...VN)  death*.     In  the  Ucterio- 
•acalo.  a   pupil 

•occeeded  in  im--ul«tn.. 
:  has  declare!   it    .  -arable.     Prince 
rakawa-no-Miya  .ii.-.i   in 

iik.<  instance*,  not  being  offl- 

•i!  aftrr  postbomowJ  arrival, 

•  I  decoration  within  the  precincts 

rial   palnn-   in 

•  nt*  be  was  alleged  to  have  died 

.•ml  took  place  Nov.  II. 
•eiy  *  .  trocestion  <>f  1 

tag  was  signed  Nov.  8.  and  the  . 
Mbogan.  being  completed  at  3  r.  *..  Dec.  ft*. 
oat  «.f  the  Imperial  Guanl»  and  other  trope 
turned  from  Formosa  about  the  same  t 
tt  supplementary  convention  on  the  tariff  be- 
asn  Japan  and  Great  Britain  wait  ratifi- 

Diet  was  opened  by  the 

•peror  in  person  Dee,  88.    The  long-talked-of 

Ion  or  modus  nrrm/i  between  the  Govern- 

ml  ami  the  Opposition,  which  had  been  prae- 

iocompliahed    by  conference  and   with 

a  heavy  vol.  address  to  th.- 

ign  policy 

iii.l  railing 
Agnations.    The  youngest  daughter  <  f 

-• 
m  married  Dec.  'X.  The  Japanese  cruiser  " 

l.~t  ..(T  the  Pescadores  and  some  of  her 

- 

ranee 

-phere  of  education  ami  >  rr- 

ilottff  matters.    The  tn-n.l   ..f  th.-   vear  was 

«n    in    the  session  of  the  Woman's 

n  renrewntativesof 

A  omen  took  a 

-  meetings.  The  new  influence 
M,.|  ix  thetaaavs 

ir  wax  t  hu*  ftruck  bv  the  American  Jewess, 

-s  in  almut  80 
nW  lUaA  D99Q  Oi    flUwTK0Q  D^noilt.       1  ud  4>QlMlwiv 

oMration  oonristed  in  monthly  meetings,  at 

»|i-Pi  ami  .h-  u-; 

v  were  presented :  an  i^ntly 

were 

the  Bible,  the  htstor  1  to 

in«l  aims  of 
In  addition,  efforts 

•rv  ma.l'  i  syvtematise  Sabbath- 

•n.  an. I  there  was  i«me«l  a cimple 


miah,  and  ffaskiel,    The  moral  eibot  of  ihu 
\tftmd  in  the  chief  dties 

arousing  iatarmt  in  Jewiah  .t 

Certainly  it  hae^wn  thJt  the  Amarietji  Jew- 
ess  hi  not  Oriental  in  her  •lolaajreneai.  b 
work  along  the  lines  of  adMalion.  charity.  t+- 

l.g.n,,.  r,f,,r.u.  ...  .-,r|l   tewitk   ).r   +&  .f 

'•', 


' 


aiul  thr  ii.MtAiiun 
lanl  to  the 


h,  rrligious  natters  proper,  at  the  mmttm  of 

•  •  ,  .  1 

further  bc!L?ng  away  from  the  old  tndlSoiM 

.»dim~i..i.  of  pri-.  1  -.  ,   f.41owtac 

formula  of  eoofasaioB  was  sit^H^ii  as  alosja  sjs* 


I  believe  •ith 


-trd  la  the  ittusrr  of  Ued«  tssMewf  M»4 

, 


th,   Mdai  i.-.fi  ;• 


.lit 


s?as«s 


bdtevt  «:ti.  . 

i,  uti.,  n.. ..i-f..  dj 


• 

< 


'  - ' 

Andtkxi«UI  UKlaf  over  all  the  eenh  that  aajr. 
God  will  be  One  and  hb  Name  Oa& 

The  new  Union  Prayer  Book  has  been  amV 
vrrMlly  adopted  by  the  reform  coafngaUona 
hout  the  country.    The  uamtini  of 


.        .  BKJ 

dJTB^C^ellarlsj 

•rleaiM^ar  -    I-MM*  t 

' 

-f  Philadelphia 

plan  to  ertahlish  an  agr^ifcjijl 


*.  of 

vtrnthog  the 

mmertrhoojofJew. 
<  located  at  Pofiat  hwm.  Pike 

v     llmry  llH.mm  • 

Aetiveaftirk-  «A— 

Jndabm.  I'lr^ling  for  grealer  I 

ihrr  altempt  to  organise 
dnfass  for  Jewish  t«rhVr.  oflShsth 

wa«  matlr  the  jrar 

rr  ha.  bren  the  tawal  nombrr  of  new 

tav   The  I 

andns  Aowad  a  mart 

rk   of  tin 

the  , 

34.  IMav  «>U  thntw  light  uprej  H* 
*•  mttipts  wer     . 


178 


.1F.WS. 


were  given  employment,  1.900  provide*!  with 

•      •    .    .;::-,.'      :i  ,.    ,--,     :•  •-,-•    .../,    ;. 

o  inUrmenta.  5,071  visit*  made  by  nurses, 
8.545  physicians'  visits.    Arnnn^:  tl, 
menu,  $18,498  went  in  month:  .  *J7,- 

7U  HI..H.-V  pifts.  $lfi.:»4   transportation,  $14,- 

.ihini;  and   fuel,   $11,765  medical    raa- 

i ie  convention  of  the  Order  of  lien ni  Bttttfa. 
..•.:•  i| ;  taiad  thai  it,,  iv  MM  :x: 
lodfw  in  tiio  fntt«d  States  and  Germany,  and 
0  in  the  Orient.  In  the  United  States,  since  1890, 
4,709  have  been  initiated,  881  reinstated,  8,965 
suspended,  1,821  withdrawn.  1,007  died.  In 

.  *.'.•;;•;.:•.'.:  bsj  beta  expended  since 
1880,  of  which  $389378  was  for  homes,  $814,555 

•S  $8.160,535  endowment,  and  $51,- 
761  other  charities.  On  Jan.  1, 1895,  the  lodges 
had  on  hand  $2,818,098.  of  which  $1,860,195  was 
for  endowments,  and  $657,908  for  general  |>ur- 
,  .  .  .  .,,.,  ,,  .  *.:;>,; 

expense*,  $18.488.     This  is  the  largest  of  the 
Jewish  fra:  n  the  r.uted  States,  and 

numbers  about  85,000  members. 

/.  College,  of  Philadelphia,  instituted 
A  series  of  lectures  on  Jewish  and  biblical  sub- 
jects. The  Atlanta  Exposition  had  an  in- 
teresting exhibit ion  of  Oriental  Jewish  objects, 
arranged  by  Dr.  Cyrus  Adler,  of  the  Smithso- 
nian Institution,  temple  Knmnu  Kl,  of  New 
York,  celebrated  its  fiftieth  anniversary.  On 
Thanksgiving  Day  union  services  were  held  in 
•lea,  in  which  rabbis  participated  with 
:an  clergymen  in  church  and  synagogue. 
At  the  religious  congresses  in  Toronto  and  Chi- 
cago Judaism  was  represented.  The  project  of 
establishing  a  Jewish  university  was  advocated 
at  length  in  "The  Jewish  Messenger."  New 
Jewish  weeklies  appeared  in  Atlanta  and  San 
Francisco. 

In  In. -rat ure,  Miss  Josephine  Lazarus's  "The 
Siiirit  of  Judaism,"  advocating  the  abolition  of 
all  form*,  and  an  approach  in  spirit  to  the  re- 
ligion of  the  founder  of  Christianity,  free  from 
the  dogmas  and  forms  of  the  Church,  aroused 
considerable  discussion:  Mrs.  Frances  Hellman 
issued  a  translation  of  Leroy  Beaulieu's  "  Israel 
among  the  Nut  ions " ;  Simon  Wolf  wrote  in  vin- 
dication of  the  Jew  as  patriot  and  soldier  :  the 
American  Jewish  Publication  Society  issued  its 
regular  volumes  and  announced  a  competitive 
prat  of  $1.000  for  the  best  juvenile  story ;  Mrs. 
Harriet  Lieber  Cohen  translated  Sach* 
sodTs  -  Jewish  Mrs.  Morris  Jastrow 

jmnlisned  a  translation  of  some  essays  by  the 
lat«  James  DarmesU 

Turning  from  America  to  Europe,  one  is  dis- 
appointed at  the  continued  unrest  in  Russia,  ex- 
pulsion of  the  Jews  and  restrict..,,,  still 
matter*  of  daily  recurrence.  In  Rou mania 
Jrws  are  toe  objects  of  exceptional  measures 
and  M» practically  disfranchised,  notwithstand- 
ing the  formal  Mipulation*  of  Article  XLIVof 
tiM  Berlin  Trrmiy  of  187&  In  Turkey  Sultan 
AMtil  IUini'1  hiw  evinced  the  customary  good 
wtlj  displayed  by  Ottoman  rulers  to  the  Jews, 
MM  he  and  hi*  official*  have  taken  increasing 
interest  in  the  progrew  of  education  and  charity 
in  the  Jewish  community.  The  latest  report  of 
Israelite  Cnivemelle  gives  the«e 
as  to  its  work:  At  the  close  of  1894  it 


had  56  schools  in  tin-  Oimt.  :tr>  for  lu.y-. 
Kirls.  and  *J   for  infants,  with   a  total  nui 

schools  are  open  to  all  denominations,  ami 

their    pllpl  Ills.   li.mia: 

Greek  Catholics.  Armenians, and Mohamn 

f  the    most    iin|iortaiit    i>    tl, 
1  in  .Jerusalem.     The    Agricultural 
at  .lafTa  shows  remarkable  results.    The 
c«-ipts  fnun  tin-  strictly  agricultural  dc|uii 

francs.      The    income  of  the   Alliai, 

was   697,087   francs,    which    included 

francs   subscrij  i.-nati<.n 

francs  from  Haron  de  I  hi 

I  he  income  for  : 

francs  for  education'  in  Turkey;  560,829  ! 

were  expended  (or  educational  purposes. 

<M,  Sunday.  A 

Berlin  Jewish  cemetery  in   memory  <>f  Ih- 
soldiers  of  the   1 'l'an«'o-(  i  ,-nnaii   \\ai. 

old  soldiers  attended,  and 

that  12,000  soldiers  of  the  .le\vi>h  faith  to, 

in  the  war. 

The  income  of  the  Jewish  community  . 
lin  for  all  object  sduriiiLr  the  current  v« 
3,630,102    marks  (about  $900,000).'    M 
(  ontributions  aggregated  1,188,847  mar) 
elusive  of  :  rks  from  seat  i 

163,134  marks  fn,m  reserved  graves).     Tl 
riespfrabl*!  etc.,  reached  1(5" 

Jewish    and  Talmudic    science    lost    |,V    d«-a!h 
Jacob  Reifmann,  David  Kosin.  and  Joel  V 
The  Institute   of  France  celebrated  tin 
nary  of  its  foundation.    The  Jew  Mi  eleji 
dudes    Michel    I'.real.    ll-nri    Weil].   itl,d 
Opncrt.    The  first  Jew  to  enter  the  in-tit. 
I  .  1 1  alevy,  composer  of  "La  .luive."     d: 
artists  represented  at  the  two  exhibit 
in  Paris  in  October,  68  were  Jews  and  :'..">  Jewesses 
The  chief  rabbi  of  France  issued  a  cin-ulai 
to  the  rabbis  of  the  republic,  ur^in^  tl 
organize  young  people's  societies  i,.r  thcstt^l 
of   Judaism,    its    literature   and    In- 
total  income  of  the  London  United   ^ 
-rew  from  £14,880  in   is; 
and  the  expenses  from  £8,886  to  £16,18:', 
number  of  male  seat  holders  rose  from    1 

,nd  of  female  fro,,,  778  to   lfK  ! 
80  Hungarian  rabbis  met  in  Buda-Pesthon 
and  passed  a  resolution  relating  to  i 
riages,  with  respect  to  wind,  tl. 
with  one  dissentient  only,  that  while  • 
the  validity  of  the  civil   ceremony,  they  could 
not  bless  such  unions  either  by  fhe   n  .. 
cereiiK.ny    or  otln-r  rdip:ifuis    f<»rrn.     Th- 

•  io  excesses  in  Vienna  we,. 
be  repressed  by  the  authorities,  while  the 
omy  of  the  city  was  abrogated  by  th-  l-i 
owing  to  the  election  as  burpoma 
-••r,  an  anti-Semitic  agitator. 

From  the  full  re|K>rt  of  the  \\\r*, •), 
.South  America,  it  appears  that  bef< 
there  were 563 families  established  in  fou 
nies  on  209,000  acres.    During  the  pi 
10  groups  of  about  400  families  we 
the  Argentine  Republic.     The  asso' 
444,780  acres,  of  which  246.077  are 

It-     follJKi.   ' 

:•;!».    I  n  Kngland,  at  the  recent  gener 
tion  among  those  returned  to  Parliamen 


lMontainUfcronFerd.de  Roth-child.    Oriental  tdanee  and  * 


'ioldMlid.  Mewrv  Arthur 

•mi*. 


iii 

Mattel     I-     I!     M...r     i      i 

i  fiollaader 


kakbatd  <    r. 

and    Sir  Garter 

rhtherilb  field,  while  -Tfc 

-v     I'  uned    many 


.,.      ,    ... 


WMM 

'•-          ••          -        ).         . 


• 

•y  uior.  to  New  York  (wit*  U» 


SutM>.MMl  UM  otwoiaff  of  A  fair  te 
Hebrew  KdttttUoMl  AllUftor  MM! 


KdttttUoMl  AllUftor  MM! 

. 


i  was  unwonted  aotiutv  in  the  JewUh  Madiaon 

'»   the  lirhter 
l»in"A»Othervt»» 

•arl  EaafWill   in  "The  Ma»t*-r."  to  Mr*.  -  » t.J 

*»F« .»»"   *«d   Mu.  andortbodoLpwiicipaied.^ 

i«x*  on  fully  .ulnd  by  other  than  Jewfah  dooorv    At 

'Wtand  CkrMlawof  New 

nut   there  tt  a  large  number  of  more  Orleant  were  orejaniirfBa* a  fair  f or  ta«  baaafli of 

»l  lu. land  the  Touro  Infirmary. 


K  v  N  -  \  x          ,  «teni  State,  admitted  to  the 

-".'.  1861 ;  area,  82.0HO  aqQare  milea. 

deoeonial 

••:».  it  wat  1,334,668. 
rka. 

••  at— Tin-  State 

••ar:  pov«-r  Mtiml 

liepublicai  ant  (iov. 

Lb    I..    Athrrton  ;    Attorney-General.    1 

Bank 
MamiwioniT.  John  \V.  Breidenthal 

«»ny;  La- 

•Mr.  (Hit  K.  Saddler;  Grain  In>ix 

.ite  Uoartlof  Irrifn- 

" 
ief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court.  AlUrt 

Mice*,  W.  A.  Johnton  and  S, 
utedAppelUtr 

id  George  W.  Clark  (l*««puli-»t>;  «  ,-ntml 

\v 

Mhtican) and  A.  1>.  Uirr-.n  ,!>.;    . -v 

binaialiMriod 

:».  18M.  the  State  treatiunr  held  a 

lance  of  |tM2.:tt«.^.  •  . . :»  •  ••  t .  r.  «  ^ 

- 
45.000.    The  a>etoMd  vnluaUoon  were:  Real 

"M,nal.   $4- 
ilwax  .  ;,^.     The 

-' i    \  ,.  .V.    •   -    :     . 


>n 

dnee  hat  been  doe  la  UM  main  to  UM 
in  rmilwar  TaluatioM  by  the  Stale  Board  of  A»- 
In  18B6  UM  amount  of  flfej*  *«*^  Mid 
wa.  reported  at  f  I.3I6J57J5.  of  wttdb  taTS 


leat  than  half  of  thr 
Shawnoa  County  paying  UM 

dded  that  Motion  16  of  UM  State 
of  1891.  which  made  it  a  crime  fora 
receive  depotiu  alter  he  had 
insolvency  of  toe  bank,  wat 
and  contrary  to  the  tecond  m 
lion  16.  Article  II.  of  UM 
State.    Thitprovidet  that  when  UM 
teek»  to  amend  a  tectionof  a 
tucfa  part  of  thr  Motion  a* 


S.  w««  eV 


of  the 


'      '      r 


tinued  .-hull  br  incorporated  in  UM  a*w 

Atul    the  old   wtkm   *h*ll  !M>  rai^li  I 

am»i*4     i  ti v    vamj     oWv^OT^B    ^•aVH    IPw    V^V^iB^BVaW 


oldawUoa.aodaea 

f.  r     :",-.•• 

at  to  what 


BdMattak-T 

inK-  |.uMi.  -  •»...  1  fun.l  in 
of  $M6vM88:  an  AirricoJiaral  CbOafe  tad 
fmjf?  :  a  Stale  l^aimvily  faad  . 
IndTstie  Normal  School  'tad  of  *!I?jtll- 
all  derived  from  UM  oaUoMl  laadfraM  etHlow. 
menu  The  Stale  Uniwratty  hat  mw4v«d  by  he- 
iiuna  a  irrraler  nun  than  thai  froai  thr  Oov«rt> 
•Mat,  bot  theeteoM  it  not  teMed  te  UM  afcov* 
There  are  to  UM 


it  lUWlto  whom 


180 


K  \NSAS. 


Statr  In«titatlonft.-The  following  »re  the 
charitable,  education*),  and  |H-iml  institutions 
,,f  tin-  >:ate.  with  the  «»rt  of  ground*  ami  build- 

i    for   tin-    Blind.   J^ 
Sobool  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb.  *1 44.2-Vo : 

.   •          --- vsylum  f«r  [robedlet,  ftt,- 

"phan^   Horn.-.  *4'.).:.»:i  :   ' 
| 
IN**:  -  1 1 It tirml  College,  $180,930: 

S-M....I.  *12?..  in inrv,  $1.659,- 

K.-form  .svh.N.i.  $119.863:    ReformatoiT, 

•<«»;  Indu-trial  S-h.M.l   f.,r  (J iris,  $40,700; 

ni»i  >•  -    < HI.  for  tin-  completion 

of  win.  h  about  $1,000.000  more  will  U«  needed. 
The  luial   pre*  i  State    building-. 

with  grounds  and  equipments,  is  $r. 

Railroads.— On  Dec.  31,  1893.  there  were 
81931-28  miles  of  -it.-l.-trnrk  railroads  in  the 

1894  one   line  construct. 
mile*  of  new  track,  making  a  total  <>u  I  • 

1894,  of  8.934-58  miles,  and  giving  Kansas  the 
fourth   nlaco  as  a  railroad  State.    The  State 
Board  of  Assessors  in  1895  made  a  total  assess 

.•gainst  railroad  property  of  $59,645,740.88, 
.aw  of  $118,942.40  from  the  total  of  the 
•us  vear. 
V'M-k  Yards.— The  annual  reports  of  Jan.  2, 

1895,  show  that  the  stock  yards  at  Kansas  ( 'it  y. 

form  the  second  largest  plant  in  the  world, 
\tent  and  ojM-rations  only 
bv  that  in  Chicago.  During  1894  the  receipts 
of  stock  of  all  kinds  aggregated  l. '.»:,:;. m  head. 
valued  at  $98,577,164,  and  the  total  receipts 
from  the  owning  of  the  vards  in  June,  1871.  till 
Jan.  1.  1895,  were  52,0^4,924  head,  valued  at 
$858.525.683.  The  receipts  of  1894  comprised 
1.692,512  cattle,  2,550.601  hogs,  and  587,599 
sheep.  Shipments  were  made  to  26  States  and 
Territories. 

Airricultim -.— The    United    States    Depart- 
meot  of  Agriculture  reported  as  follows  on  the 
principal  crops  of  1894:  Corn.  .'i.7:n.940  acres, 
728   bushels,   value   $17."  -vheat. 

8395.686  acres,  35.315.2o9  bushels,  value  $15.- 
W,088  acres,  25,705,975  busheK 
value   $7.968.852.    rfe,   ir.Mir,  acres,  866,781 
bushels,   value  $398.719;  barl-v.    HJ.lUt   acres, 
•l   bushels,    value    $69,699;    buckwheat. 
8.675  acres,  88340  bushels,  value  $29,106;  po- 
tatoes, 108.213  acres.  4.436,733  bushels,  value 
$8.016.978;  bar,  8306389  acres.  2.545.535  tons, 
value  $18364.659 ;  total  value,  $58,859,150. 

Taxable  Manufactures.— In  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  80.  1894,  the  collections  of  internal 
•   '     :    *::•; .'.739.97.   fn-m   th,-   fol- 
lowing  sources:    Distilled    spirits.   $65.008.40; 
tobacco,  $82,786.75;    fermented    liquors,  $16,- 
»;  oleomaixarine,  $21  and  penal- 

U«.  $1.499.12.  The  same  sources  yielded  a 
total  of  $277388181  in  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  80.  1895.  In  the  last  year  there  were  808 
cigar  factories,  which  used  383,- 
of  tobacco,  and  had  an  output  of 
3»  cfcarm  and  45  other  factories,  which 
bad  an  output  of  10388  pounds  of  plug  at 
877  pounds  of  smoking  tobacco.  Other  taxable 
manufacture! iwere:  Apple  brandy,  1.212  gal- 
Jons;  grape  brandy.  l>47  gallons:  fermented 
'13  b*rrH«;  wheat  whiskv,  351  gal- 
lons; and  oleomargarine,  7.189330  pounds. 


Natural  (tan.— The  diw-.-v.-rv  of  natur.. 
in  Allen  and  Neosho  Count i<^  has  licm  f. 

by  a  similar  M  find  H  <>n  ih-'k..r\  en-ek, 

Hip.    Kranklin    Count  \.    where    in.  : 
burin.-  .     A   syndicate  ••ontrollim;  tho 

Allen  County  Held  has  se. 

iini-il  of   1  for  the  cm 

works  and  the  installation  of 
plete  plant   th- 

state    <  eiisim. — The  cen-u-  takrn   in 
showexl  a  total  population  ,  i    i.:::;i  . 
crease   in  ten   years  ,,f  UiJ.i:;s.     Kon 
showed    an    imna^-f    o\.-r    the    eiinmerat 
1894," 
a  decrease  aggre 

•  unties  were  Wynnd- 
47,978;    S*-d-«. 

\tdiison,  26,995:  Hen...  'jr..  I'.rj  ;   I: 
25,849;    Osage,  24,818;  Marshall,  •.'»..",«;; ;  Sum- 
ner,  24,138;   Montgomery,  L»:!.!MS  : 

I94j     Douglas.    28,587;     Washin-i 
Diekinson,   20f92(i  :    l-'rankhn. 
20,374;     and     M«-l»li. 
populous    cities    and    lowi. 

40,6W:  Topeka,  ::n.ir,i  :  Wi.-hita.  -Jioii  ; 
enworth.  'JO.s-J-J:   At«-hi«.,,n.    i:,. 
11,108:     Lawrence,     UI.OH4  :     EMttsburg. 
Hutehinsi.il.    H..-)i:,:    Ktnporia,    8,22-".:    I1 
:    Ottawa,    7.05U:     Arkansas    City. 
Salin;..  5,708  :     Nr-'-iitine.  ."..:.( U  :    NewtOD, 
and  Winfield.  5,081, 

Judicial    Decisions.-  I;.      L-    th.-    decision 
mentioned    under    "  I'.ankini:,"    twi.    oth- 
portant  ones  wen    n-ndered.      In    <  • 
Supreme    Court    sustained    the    adi<.n 
Leu'i-l.-itiire_of  is«».",  jn  adopting  a  law  »1 
ing  certain  judicial  districts  and  reap|>ortiontnc 
t  he  state.    On  Dec.8  the  same  authority  I 
down   an  opinion   suMainini:   the   . 
alityof  the  laws  of  1H!>:{  which  p\\- 
months'   time  to  debtors  to   rcd«-.-m    then 
erty  on   all   sales  on   execution   or  fon 
made  prior  to  the  passage  of  the  law. 

Legislative.     The   L<  ^Mature  ,, 
biennial    session    on    Jan.    ^.      The    mev- 
Gov.   I  jewelling  was  principally  d« 
attack  «-n  tin-    liVpuMican   party  ami   the 
of  the   State.     He   urged   the  strict. 
in  appropriations;  recommended  a- 
all     [iroperty    at     its    actual     value;     dn 
the   fee   system:    declared    that    tin-   di;: 
institutions  of  the  State   should   lie   und<  • 
partisan  management  :  upheld  th.-  -trik- 
coal  miners :  demanded  the  exen  i-.    of  StateV 
rJL'ht-  as  agaiti^t  "  the  increasing  tet, 

.1  <'ourts  t.i  draw  to  themselves  em 
ministration  of  affairs  of  the  State-  and  i 
stitute    themselves    general    guardian^    of    tin 

LTovernment-"  ;    and     ncknou 
need  of  a  court  of  appeals,  but  «.nc  who- 
ings  should  not  he  final.     Charl.-  K.  Lobd 

.  was  elected  speaker,  and  all  the 
dinate  officers  who  were  nominated  in  t 
publican  Hons«.  caucus  and  the  Populist 
caucus  were  installed. 

The  Republican   '•  "t.  Kdn, 

Morrill.  was  inauguratc.l   on  .Ian.  M.      II 
dress  was  a  brief  review  of  the  material  P^fff 
of  the  State  and  of  the  condition  "f  i\<  m 
portant  interests.    In  his  message  to  th 


MAM  .   KV. 


lature  be  called   attention    to   many    iwa»um     «luc-.     The 

consideration;  urged  the    State 
I  an  a,,H!«t.-  -  "»,a»«ZL_  TW  total  hl.liatlftlll  of  IW 

nonjMftd 

tlr   JH.IK-)   whirh   inn- 
Hi     rarlv    OC 


-i  pnfcibfttoj  ft  an-    AaUbtSJtMttU*, 

tiforoed:  ad-        Prodarta.lt   .*.  reported   in  tbe  sprta* 
utional    convention;    from  rarions  paru  of  «., 


•  I  im.lrrate  Bute  were  threatened  by  vast  BsjmWrs  of 

..amended  a  redaction  of  or  army  worn.    tnetl  ^ 

tncu  ami   thr   «.!..|,'..  i,   of  a   new  year*    Tbe  hemp  tndu^ry.  fom»rH«  • 

n   law  an  an  inn-nt..  :  Hal   to  of  (reel    revet,  blu-cra* 


— I.  a  crime;  ami  ur^i  that  thr  Mat. 


•  a.  now  (flatly  .!r,.,r^.l    .bereft* 

IflA  e^MM  Afln    It    l>ri^i>*lil     IM    f«*^n    at  MMtfHHI  •» 
•**•  T^»r»  OHv  H   wfm^m   IB    irwoi    91  jwuu^BBw  |O 

r., ,.,..  ,,nnw  ^  sSusr11^ 


nnuu  pa» 
$3.300.000,  or  about  $800.000    called  out  appeal*  t»  . 


f  the  t>reriou»  eearian.  am,  ein« 

ral  neamrM  adopted  w*re  bilU  the  -oil.  and  ralb  t.«  n»x+  ui 

HaW  -l.Mr,,-.  ,.„,.,.  ff ..,.,,,        x,,,.    I,  lit*!***      I 

wojreajkmal  .1  .thor-  of  (•ohaotlariM  b  ai 

ie  flrvt  olaa»  to  fumi  their  in-  branch  penitentiary 


Eftneae  Indmartal  Reformatory    unpaid  on 

erealinu   «n   a,,^llat,   , rt  ;     charitable  inMitut.on.  ,.  f  ,7riOT«  ^ 

l-aid  eipenaw  for  b*  quarter  fllAVBOOL    Tbe 
»'«!  pruoeai  to  benefleiarie» 

MBTftnCi    ,-  .:;r.    ,-r    >,i    '   ,., 

1  gambling  a  felony ;  «et 
y  Moj»uroin  th. 
on  of  n 

i  f.-lony 
in  any  manner. 
bb  Tote,  with  a  special  ftppUoa- 


snperintaodftnt  of  the  Central  I*a» 

m^m***mi*      Al^^t       •!       •  —  A  Mt*j  „  •  ,  j      — 

.  •        '  ' 

oolofid  Ittnailee  in  any  of  tbe  ataes  aeytvsaa* 

toes  of  the  drU  ioa  for  tba  whitae  at  tbe  baTSen*^  AjeMMlf 

for  any  public  has  enabbd  tbe  roejetrMllesiof  I  in  111  ji  llil 

<x>nsUer»-  will  make  ampb  prorbioa  for  envral  yeM 
ftspeeblapplkn 


Niblican,  of  Leftrenworth. 
>Ute«  Senator,  to  succeed 


Kl  M  I  i  K\     i  Southern  State,  a*  I 


area,  40,400  square    not  incriaoid  more  than  it  per  oss4.    TW  Mai 

-.•r.l.n-  (..  each  de-     number  at  the  end  of  ibe  vrar  .  , 

sion.  was  UQJ55  in    these,  130  are  confined  for  m«raar  nndltt  far 


•;  41  of  tbe 

1.155.-    The  arerafe  cost  of  eaob  i 
,WH.fl90  in    $M20«.  indodinc  oArers1 

Fmnkf..rt      j  :»:•!  •      liilbeiSSll  pfboM 

ohn  Vounr        The  t..tal  number  at  th< 
itcbell  C.  AC    at  I 

1.11,-r:     «7  were  necmr*.     Tbe 
treasury  for    the  bbMi 


M    \\     ll.-adley;  ST7  ware  •egroee,    TW  rueepu  from  tbe  I 
Tleasurer.  Ilen'rv  S.   Hal.                   r. 

m*i                                                                ,»,  flNJt.  ftnd  tbe  upendhnrej  ftlJTlUM. 

Bdwar  t  harltlrv     TW  <  mtral  Asyhua  far  IW  lay 

.•ant    General.    A.    J.  Mine,  at    lakeland,  bad  a  pffpejmtbsi  of  Ijnm. 

tnmWoner  of  Afrric  ultur. .  Nicbolas  OeL  1. 190.  of  wbo»                  ••eaeei  and  ItS 

rr  were  nefrroea.  TWreee4|4s  for  tW  year  i 

Register  .  f  th,    Und  Office  4M57.41  end 
cVanao:   Kailn,, 


am  S, 


R.  Grace,  Thoma*  II. 
B  (eocceedeil    it 

,n.i  i:   I.   I-  •-    •' 


•i«ral  year.  June  Tear  was  •!. 

-'A  there  wa»  a  .l,-!»,-n   in  the  trramnr  of  department 

HI?  and  9MJ8I.77  to  the  credit  of  th*  fS.114.71  for  l"*4  *>:  for  tW colored  demrV 

•  ment.  |a.7»7Jf:  tW  ttst  year,  and  VMIM  tW 


19.855.    There  wa»  at  thai     evroneV 

MJMinth.  fund,  aet  apart        The  Inetltnfe  for  tW  Btfml 

>  pay  military  bonds  and  interest  tWe) 


KKXTIVKY. 


•iB    * 


Ott.  81. 1804.    The 


eaeipis  of    t!.    Institution  for  Fee 
Childrrn  were  $3a.«4.07,  and  the  ex- 
m  *M*X8»\     There  were  remaining 
at  tn*  eod  of  the  year  49  girls  and  45  boys. 

•  oh  Law.  wrral  lynching*  took  place  in 
the  State  daring  the  vear.  notably  one  of  a 
negro  at  Winchester,  charged  with  an  assault 
which,  an  afterward  appeared,  had  not  been 
commit trtl.  ami  another,  the  murder  of  a  man 
and  a  woman  in  Mm  y  by  a  mob  who 

burned  the  woman  in  her  house  and  shot  tin- 
man to  death  as  he  attempted  to  escape.  The 
Governor  suggested  that  a  statute  be  enacted 
providing  severe  penalties  against  all  who,  by 
word  oriel,  shall  encourage  each  M 

Military.— The  twentv-ninth  annual 
campment  of  the  QlMM  Army  <>f  the  Re- 
public wan  held  in  Ixniisville,  beginning  Sept. 
the  llth  a  parade  of  about  45,000  was 
seen  by  more  than  800.000  spectators.  At  the 
head  of  the  column  marched  two  Kentuckians 
who  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  service  at  the 
outset  of  hostilities  and  fought  to  the  end.  One 
bore  aloft  the  Stars  and  Stripes,  the  other  a  si  1  ken 
banner  of  white,  having  in  it*  center  a  golden 
dove  and  in  it-  tn»uth  an  olive  branch.  This 
was  called  "The  Emblem  of  Peace"— the  re- 
union,  thirty  yean  after,  of  the  victors  and  the 


An  address  of  welcome  by  Henry  Watterson 
was  responded  to  by  Past-Commander-in-rhief^ 
Warner,  and  a  poem  was  read  by  James  Whit-' 
comb  Riley.  St.  Paul  was  selected  as  the  place 
for  the  next  annual  encampment,  and  the  fol- 
lowing officers  were  elected:  Commander  in 
Chief.  Ivan  X.  Walker,  of  Indiana;  Senior  Vic,- 
Commander  in  Chief.  K.  H.  Hobson,  of  Ken- 
tucky; Junior  Vice  Commander  in  Chief,  S.  G. 
Coagrove,  of  Washington;  Surgeon  (inn-nil,  J. 
RWhiting.  of  Wisconsin;  Chaplain,  T.  E. 
Iliff.of  t 

The  Committee  on  Resolutions  reported  favor- 
ably on  the  suggestion  that  a  permanent  nation- 
al headquarters  be  selected.    The  offer  of  Phila- 
;a  to  store  the  records  of  the  Grand  Armv 
n,  Independence  Hall  wasacoep 

Other  resolutions  were  as  follow : 

Appointing  a  ooramitUsc  to  arrange  for  the  « • 
of  a  monument  at  Washington  to  commemorate  the 
loral  women  who  nerved  as  nur*c*  or  in  other  ways 
aided  the  PoJdler*  of  the  fni-.n  -luring  the  n-U-Hi«.n. 

Permitting  ports  to  consolidate  as  the  membc-rshii* 
?n.w  fewer. 

•frenmmspding  that  Congreas  paw  a  law  equalizing 
U»  penrfooaof  war  widows  so  that  all  shal]  receive 
Sftlss*  $1*  a  month. 

The  report  on  pensions  concluded  as  follows : 
We  demand  for  our  comrades  the  junt  tn: 
ff-tL^y*  lrilld|y  000<*d«-    »o  niggardly 

• 


under  the  guise  of  reissue/: 

~  froda-m*  allowances  that  cut  here  and 

{•ratter*  will  me*  the  full  mearare  of  duty  that  the 
•wyeweato  It*  numvinif  heroa*.    Nothing  short 
"ST1™    •kdt  with  an  honert  hand,  a  liberal 

V*  "teLL1*  Hi*  •PProb*tir">  «f  the 
Beeedin*  from  no  position  that 
•tketureafllrminff  all  our  previou* 


The:  meniMer-liip  ««h  •  \\  .  •!  :    M.-inU-rs 

in  good  standii  -•;!.  :;;i.  :,:,:, 

.sj,-r   in,    U.r.T'J;  p»in    l>y   I  ranker.  :.  ..V,j; 

i-y    rein.stuteinent,    1 
Unqaent  reports,  9,843—  aggrep, 
by  death,  7,868;  loss  by    h«.n,,ral.le    .li 
1,487;  loss  by  transfer,  5,768;  loss  by  s^H 

:W,589;    loss    l.y   di-hoimrable  ais. 
11":    lo^s    l.y   .1,-linrjuent    rejxnts,  8,661»  : 

•    •   •'..      M.  miters  i-.  inaininx  in  L'ond  staiid- 


i 

A  leading  feature  was  the  annual  n-nn. 
parade  of  the  sailors,  and  additional 
tached  to  the  event  from  tin-  fad  Ilia 
ably  the  last  time  that  the  Jack  tars  will  i 
at  a  Grand  Army  em-ampnieiM. 

Polltieai.—  The  elrction   in   the   Four: 
trict  for  the  oflice  of  judp-  of  the  Court 
peals,  held   Nov.  0.  1S!M,  was  reported  t 
resulted  in  favor  of  St.  ri 
jprity  of  25,  and  he  received  a  cert  ill 
tion.     His  opponent.  St.  .John 
the  election,  basing  his  claim  on  <•«• 
lots  returned  by  the  officers  of  election 
clerk  of  Jefferson  County.    The  case  wa^ 
l.y  the  State  Board  of  Contest 
of  the  Stale  nflicrrs,  and  a  majority  of  n.. 
cided  in  favor  of  Ton,  y.  but  the  Go 
tin-  Auditor  voted   negatively  on  the  re- 
to  declare  him  elected,  believing  th., 
a  majority  of  27  on  the  ballots  that  >hou 
been  counted.    Judge  Toiiey  th.  n  r- 
•Jl.  and  the  Governor  accepted  the  i, 

Judge  Kastin  was  appointed  and  r 
the  bench  till  the  end  of  the  year,  when   h 
succeeded   by  Judge  George  Durel'. 
the  oflice  in  N'ovemlxsr. 

The    Republican    State   Convent  i 
Louisville,  .lune  ">.     The  platform  contaii. 
following  declarations  : 

We  are  opposed  to  the  free  and  unli;: 
of  silver,  believing  that  it  would  involvf  th. 
in  financial  ruin.     We  believe  in 

and  in  the  u>e  of  hotli  iroM  aii-1 


provided  always  that  n  dollar  in  <-u.  is  n 
ly  as  valuable  as  a  dollar  in  the  other. 

We  favor  a  tariff  so  regulated  a*  to  ]•; 
tercets  of  all  classes  of  our  eiti/ens  u|»  : 
may  be  successfully  manufacture'  1  «.r  \>r<»\ 

uutry.  thiiH  iiiMiriiiL'  xood  wages  t 
and  a  home  market  t<>  the  pr«»dii. 
tion  with  thin  we  favor  the  re-chta)»l;.- 
<l<H-triue  of  reciprocity.     In  view  of  the  ; 

•ho  l)cmocrati<-  j«arty,  its  <\< 
old  State-bank  system  und  wild-eat  ten,; 
firm  that  the  Republican  party  can  h< 
tru-ted  to  retruhitv  the  tinan 

When  th>  'ito  P*^^^l 

Kentucky  it  found  tin-  State  able  tn  pay  ov. 
and  have  millions  ofaurplun  left. 
it  has  collected  millions  of  dollars  of  t:> 
most  urgent  system*  of  re\  ""•  t 

day  in  the  humiliating  attitud. 

the    current     e\pe|l-e>    r,f    t)..  '•   " 

fair  valuation  of  anaetfl  are  in  deht  mil 

They  have  overridden  the  ('< 

to  one  fairly  elected  by  the  people,  engage 

travagaot  legislation,  accepted  aalari* 

neoeaaary  office*,  manifested  incornpet- 

age   the    penitentiaries,   broutrht 

competition   with   h'>n.  iverted  ( 

Kohool  fund,  failed  to  provide  a  d« 

and  left  it*  charitable  neces- 

sary mean*  for  their  proper  operation. 


KENTUCKY.  KOHKA. 

lead  in  nomination  waa :  For    There  vae  a  anarp  oontmt  over  the  aamm*  of 

icutrnani 


trthintfton  ;  Saoratary   of    name*  bainf  ] 

«a»ili 


II 


here  va«  a  than)  oonta*  over  the 

hr  .m.-L-ut,  ?  r  B»  patan    '  - 

M    bafei   H     s    JUi.,7. 


• 
neetion.  and  the  two  leading  oandi- 

itorial  nomination 
•ttofthaoppoamj  (not  ..-     r  \\ 

rr,-Mh.-rraii.||.lnl,-.  ,u,,|  • 

•  to-called  8onnd*money  candidate. 

andaeonom>  M.  .,i.-,r..     : 

d  after  aome  debate,  an.l  aft.  r    waa  no., 

'     Lieutenant  Governor.  Don 

m>ve  the  bond    for  TVeaenrrr.  H    II 


The  People',  party  held  a  titate  CM 
Louisville  in  July,  and  adopted  a  platform  ftv 
rorinj  b»          >.      ,  Kn     .1 


• 


•.rn.i:^-.  «UblUh-    Coniniariaaar  of  Afrtctaw.  aad  a 

'  «  protooUre  tariff,  continued  aa  follows  :    for  At  torney-Uenerml 

The  ProhlWtioc  party  bail  a  tkltet  te  tW  iaU. 

* 


of  tW  eav 
rot*  for  Got. 


r  and  S.vnur 


•a  r^luced  to  $460^00,  and  the  available 

.r.  equal  that  .urn. 

reaaed  the  annual  appropria 


t.l.le  InatitnUoiM  from  t«50,- 
m  in  1*57  to  9600,000  In  1 W5.  and  while  Improviof 

n..-     i,»,ll,a— I     ,M^.ilL     1^^      In  nraa.tn  n      tKo     nnmltA*     r*t 

^•r  juQiciaj  •jNem   DT   locrvannK  we  unmoor  ot 

««u«-  .!>.!  •>.;  ", ,..;. 


we   have 

to  InorraW  our  expenditure*,  one  of 
t  BTWMPV  iteoia  of  which  le  the  COM  of  eriminal         .•• 


,..,,.. 

^•bthn  iMtrictoeon  K  Ol{  '  *  -  *» 

B  by  Republican  offlciaU.    We  have,  neverthe-     Ro-ia  and  C 
««  able  to  deeraaM  the  current  rate  of  tantkm    Baa  and  Sra 


The  elacUoo 
tirv  Reoblktiii 


v  fvnrr.1  r.  v.  nue  purpose*  from  ao 
Kr  tai  i  s«7  to  16 


Chineee  Aria, 
of 


uw  IWM  roller  of  tna  ungoom*    In  iv«v  tne  Klnw 

ssi^toisssSiirs'rf^r'tata;.1'    y^^^s^i^ gSL* ^iu 

jutn  clan,     i  ne  i^naan^  rvpfwaovuna;  ami  • 
Tbe  vote  that  a-l.-i-r.-i  this  platform  waa  64?    hv  tne  mart  povarfnl  faction  of  BobU*.  nalnf 

o  Ml.     !  i  -How*:  For  <J  withal 

Reffieter.  O.   R.    bav» 

^4^*,     AttJ  JMMA^    .-—--..-       ^j    i^^^,.  | 


..•••••u^a  m  _Lii  v  tbeflrrt  treaty  mad*  a*  a  OTer-1- 

%   • 
-  rote  on  fandHat+e  for  tne    Feb.  H  i-:*     Thb  wae  follow*, 

Mar-     witn    tne     i'nited     Sutem, 
ne,  76 ;  Wattenon. «.     France,  Italjs  and  other  nal 


One  of  the  first  result*  of  the  Japanese  victo- 
ries ovi-r  i  lu>  t  luncx-  and  the  .ks  was 
theatU'inptcd  reform  «'f  ti.                     .iii-.nal  ad- 
ministration.    Th«     Mm    fa«ti"ii   and    the   pro- 
radically    eliminated. 
,-le  an   ini|Mi>ing  jour- 

t bs   <>f    Ins  ancestors,  and   with 

•ofemn   t«alh   an  Me-    abjured  all  alle- 

gjinc«  to,. rde|«endemc  on  rhina.  asserted  Korean 
I      :  ;  :     ml*    :  i-  fORDft     ThCM  lal- 
t«r  mv  :   Separation   of  national   ex|»ensc- 

the  civil  U-! :  !i\inj  of  tin-  iin«-  ofsaooesskasoas 

to  avoid  nil  r.-urt  intiii;ue  ihr-u-li  tin-  influence 
of  the  (jurcn  and  pala.  e  underlines ;  a  public 
budget  to  IN-  mad.  annually:  ymmi:  IIM-II  t-«  In- 
tent abroad  i«  -tudy;  reform  of  the  military 
system  and  «f  «i\U  anil  criminal  law;  appoint- 
illce  to  be  made  according  to  ability 
•n  l  not  by  favoritism;  smptoymenl  of  i 
t.-ii.  ni  for  advice  and  assistance.  <  M 

in  S4 »inc,  despite  great  dilVicn: 
opposition,  have  been  carried    out.     Korea   is 
now  a  constitutional  monarchy  instead  of  an  ir- 
responsible despot  i-m.    On  June  20  the  first  of 
a  series  of  royal  ordinance  complet- 
ixed  the  provincial  administration.     'I  he  ••  i -i^ht 
une    geographical     expressions 
only.     In   their   place  are  'J:!   pn-f. -ctiircs.  wit h 
161  districts,  in  which  are  230  revenue  officers. 
In  place  of  the  old  triple  premier-hip  is  a  <  'abi- 
8  boards  of  administration.     These  are: 
\riny.  .Ill-lie,-.  Kduca- 
.  and  Public  Works; 

and  Koyal  Household.  In  addition,  a  new  judi- 
ciary has  been  established,  with  new  codes  of 
laws  and  6  con:  m-.  a>  follow-:  spe- 

cial, convened  only  by  the  King  on  recommenda- 
1  the  Ministrrof  Justice;  supreme, circuit, 
ami  for  the  capital,  treaty  |>orts,  and  pn-\ 

-    abroad,   the,    mini^- 

ter  at  Washington  IK-HI-  Hon.  1'om-Kwoi 


A  postal  system  was  inaugurated   in  .Inly. 
with  starn'ps  of  4  denomination s  engrave     in 
the  t'nited  States.    The  army  consists  of  5,000 


:  the  invtnu-tion  of  American  and 
Japanese  officers.  Tin-re  i-  n<,  mint  or  navy.  A 
telegraph  runs  from  -  I  i-ju.  on  the'chi- 

frontier.  and    from  Seoul  to   Fu>an.     The 


wirrey  •  f  a  proposed  railway  from  Chemulpo  to 
Seoul,  and  from  Seoul  to  Pusan.  hits  !••.•:. 
'•ruary   a   21-inch    tramw. 
Vun-I'o  to  I'in-- 

t  he  power  used  Ix-iiii:  human  muscle,  wa- 
plMod.     April  21  11?  Korean  lad-  went  to  study 
in  Japan.    Mrs.  Esther   I'ak   Is  a  student   of 
medicine  in  Chicago. 

FlaanceA.—  The  Government  derives  its  reve- 
nue from  various  sources:  1.  A  land  tax.  which 
fii»i.K«  from  rear  to  year  according  to  the  har- 
vest gathered;  2.  a  house  tax;  :'..  cu-toms 


revenue  at  three  open  port*:  4.  licenses  to 
trading  guilds  gold  miners,  etc.:  :,.  mi-cellane- 
CSJS  taxes.  In  1805  the  Government  borrowed 
from  Japan  $3.500.000  to  carry  out  reforms. 

NM  the  official  utat 

4309.410  yen;  expendtem  '.  .how- 

m«r  •  deftcienry  of  1.463.974.    T 
pease  are:  Royal  household.  .VMKHH 
MBce,  71,392;    Home    Department.    1.4<M, 
rr^urr  Apartment,  1,740,006;  Armv.  1.028,- 
401  ;  Justice,  47.294  :  Education,  124,422  ;  Agri- 


.  ulture,  Commerce,  and  Public  Won 
extra.-.  reserve  fund,  soo.oon 

srniil  and  the  IN.rts.     T|,,.  canital  is  tinely 
situated  on  a  s^.il  of  decomposed  grain- 
has  good  drainage  into  Han  n\«i.     Th, 
kid  out  wit  n  either  - 

:ii>hingly  filthy,  with   nai 

<  m  the  north  and  .south  riM-  imjM>sing  moui 
The  15  palace  incl,,-ur.--  are  ,-M  the  n..rl  h 
the  city,  facing  the  sun.     On   the   f.  . 
above  the  general  level  the  .Iapaiie.-e.  An  • 

:.  and    liii  .'  !<>ns.  ami   the  '• 

•  h-t  and   l-'reiich   U-man  (  'alln.iic  .  -tablis! 
are   built,    •  \  he   general   n. 

one-s|,,ry  tiled  or  thatched  hou  i 

dwellings  are  honeshoe-shaped .  with  a; 

court  and  a  high  wall,  which  shuts  out  tl 
of  OOe  Oeiffbbor   from   the  other.     There 

avenue  iii  the  city,  rimnr 
to  west,  from  which  iliverge  the  wid« 
ing  to  the  palace  pate,  in  front  of  which  n 
the  event-  that    in   i  n  have  be- 

scribed  in  Western  new-papers  have  taker 
:,ur  from  the  impo-in^  .;ate  t-u.  : 
loom  up  over  the  city  wall  on  the  southu 
wide  hii:hwa\>.  which  open  into  H.. 
the  main  street,  where  stand-  the  liiir  b.  , 
whi«-h  are  the  chief  shops,  fact'.ne-.  and  store- 

A  crenelated  wall  1(5  feet    high    ii 
the  whole  cit\.  cros-ing  hill,  valley,  and   si 
The  native  population  of  the  cil 
computed    at    :{(KMHKI.     On    Jut 
Japanese  population  consisted  of:  Male 
females.  5:57;  total.  l.-|:!s.    The  whit, 
diplomatists, and  mi-sionarie-  nuinber  mi. i 
100.    Three  treaty  ports  are  op." 
and  foreign  resident-.    Chemulpo, 20 mile^ 
of  the  canital,  contains  a  .Japanese  ponuhr 
4,243  ant!  atxnit  200  Americans  and  Bun 
It  ha-  1  or  2  well-metaled  and  curbed  street 
several  buildings  in  foreign  -t\le.     I-'usan. 
southeast   coast,  contain-    !.:»()?  .lapai 
sanon  Hi-mighton's  liay.  ha-  a  small  sett  lei 
.lapanese  and  other  nationalities.     The  Chinese 
are  steadily  advancing  in  numbers  and  I 
capacity  to  the  status  held  before  the 

Christianity.— In  1777  some  literary  n. 
the  annual   Korean  embassy  to    IVkin  receJfV 
a  present  of  books  from  the  Jesuit   mi--ionaim 

<  >n  their  return  home  they  organized  <'h: 

ity   after    the    model    of    the     lloman    <  ,i'h'.li< 
<'iiurch.     After   Chine-e    priest-  had   been  -ent 
in   the   first    French   mi— ioiiary.  di-. 
.M  motirner.  penetrated  the  forl' 
try.     Other-  followed,  and   native  - 
creased,  de-pite  the  ban  and  bloody  perse* •  /    r<- 
of  the  Government.     In  \^<  llI"°?H? 

entered  Korea,  a  do/en  of  whom  were  then 
When,  to  the  joy  of  the  hunted  native  Chi 

"f  liii-sian  ships  seerncii 
isolation  of  the  kingdom  the  Tai -Wen-K 
dered  fresh  persecutions.    Nine  I'rei 
beheaded,  and  more  than  lO.OOn   i-. 
killed,  exiled,  or  made  refugees  in  liu— ian  terri- 
tory.    In  more  peaceful  time-  the   Fnn 
-ionaries  return-  id  had  a  • 

the  or[)hanage   "f   ST.  Paul   de  ('ha' 
mother  superior  and  4  sister-,  and  t; 
Ryong-San  with  14  French   instructor-:  ' 
tire  establishment  in  Seoul  under  the  apostolical 


KORKA. 


vicar  numbering  24.  with  levera!  ••  religion*  "  in 

•11  under  the  Society  . 

fclrmnK'rr-   !     I 'a.-       with  RM  N  '(.',..  MM*'       . 

:*4oat  b*f»n  in 

tfenr.    America 

AIM!  Mrlli.-ljnt  -..,'.;.  *.\  f    ..    MlLvitl    ...   • 


-  •    .   '  • 


W.T*    work.    Only  *  fn^w*  of  ih. 

......  . 


rto^un'^^fT'^nt    g^*^lN^^^to«ff» 
whole  ohnreh  membership,  were    whole  Korean  gineinf  trade,    to  to 


TV*  WMT  OAT*  (IT 


*t**d.   OfthenatiTrrhurehcieiMTi  Kocm 

f  Eofkixt  the 
^!i»n!>rt«l.ytrn.n«.  and  9  in 
•ow  *rr  ai*»  *t  work.    Su. 
'dUtee.  in  the  country  «rr  th—-  , 
ftthemptiaJ  »,.-!  tt.r  Maf^rUL     IMd 

-*  tr»n«Ulioo*.'th«  mMoMrie*  h.rr 

•nd 


Imhrd  ir, 
for  IHIM 


'."•Ulimin.  for  IHIM  *h..«  the  Ur«n4  vol. 
"»•  •  WM 


.(net*.  Utfee*  of  Amedraa  oft*  RatfifiMi  feawj  tad 

,.»n  w.trr.  b  in  f  ««a  ftmn  JafM.  IW  labrat  be- 

»!*'  riKMtlj  Ulonpnir  to  thr  Nippon,  hv  imiiaiad  *tU  •Ato^hMJf  I  i  i  ly.    TW 

MiWhKabha,  other  VweU  that  fl«ore  inihe  oeMeMi  w»4  to  lUeeatolm  WM  hi  v^wt: 

s  chartered  only  for  tempo.  Aiwrkan.  ••IjHi;  *mm 
••Pital  in  >  -«  Eoyal  oAfe  to  fvovJ  W- 

cfprbw  is  almoet  wholly  twwj  on  Konem  Wrtorr  ware  to«wa,  ow*  of  the 

'*rai»9r.»  ..theOoTernmenlandin-  irH  of  «fw»i  peM»  to  itieluj  en  II  tHjiil 


1  HI  i:\TURE,  AMERICAN,  IN  1895. 


nj.irit  of  patriotism.  A  famine  broke  out  in 
Quelpaert  inland,  and  the  Government  scut  f.-r 
wlie/800,000  yen  and  5,000 bags  of  ri.-. -.  «  n I..T 
famine*  broke  out  in  the  districts  dttolated  dur- 
ing the  Tong-Hak  disturbances.  Prince  Yi- 
<  hun-Tong,  twentT-three  yean*  <>1<1.  nephew  of 
the  King  and  gnuuuonofT  m.eharffed 

onspiracy  against  the  sovereign  ami  im- 
plicated in  the  assassinati  n  ..f  Kim -Ilak-Ou, 
the  leader  of  the  Reform  party,  was  arrested 
an.i  tried  on  charge  of  treason  bv  the  special 
court  and  banished  for  ten  years  in  a  one-room 
.to-Dong  island.  After  being  five 
hundred  rears  under  ban,  BoddkM  priests  were 
permitted  to  enter  the  capital  ami  \\nll.-.l  <  it  ies. 
In  July  the  Tong- Halts  made  uprisings  in  the 
southern  provinces.  Queen  Min.  apparently  re- 
gaining lull  power,  crowded  the  palace  with 
women,  servants,  and  underlings,  as  in  the  old 
days,  and  so  managed  affairs  that  the  H«>me 
Minister,  Prince  Pak  (Boku),  was  compelled  to 
leave  the  capital,  escorted  by  Japanese  trooos. 
The  national  costume  of  white  was  chain:"!  !•> 
decree  t«»  Mark,  and  the  universnl  yard-long 
tobacco  pipe  was  shortened  by  2  feet.  A  con- 
spiracy, plotted  by  native  soldiers  whom  the 
Queen*  had  discharged,  by  irresponsible  Japanese 
and  various  bad  characters,  headed  by  the  Tai- 


\\  en-Kun.  '  kst  *.  in  1111  attack  mi  th. 

palace,    in    which    the    pv 

D  was  murdered,  the  vmlin   of  the 
i-..urt  was  reversed, and  several  reinsirKal-:. 
lamations,  one  of  which  degrud.  d  the  ., 
the  level  of  a  servant,  were  issued.     Later  n,\a 
proclamations  heaped  nostliuin<>u«  h       :     ,:' 
Queen   Min.  appmn 
and  ordered  a  funeral,  to  cost    , 
•J«5  the   lunar  calendar  was  abolished'.   II 

teclith    day    of    tlie    elevelilh    liio,.n     "f    t 
liundred  and  liftli  year  «.f  the  i| 
1 .  1  *!'«;.     Sunday  has  been  made  a  day  of  NlK 
the  Government  offices.    Nov.  -JT  ti 
other  attack  on  the  palace  by  Korea 
opposed  i"  t  be  nen  tpiril  and  policy  •  •  !  t  he  TH, 
Kim.       The     chief     participants 

>X     ,,f    Oct. 

trial  and  executed    Dec.  28.     In    I' 
officials  und  many  of  the  people   had   th< 
cut,  an  act  of  vast  significance,  which  cl 
the  -tyle  of  coilTure  in   vo^ur  during  tr 
five  hundred  years.     iMirini;  I ' 
the   Japanese    troops    evaluated    t 
The   4    parties  in    native    Korean    polit, 
called,  respectively,  the  pro-.Ia: 
L'u-iaii.  the  pro-Chinese,  and  tin 
the  Koreans. 


I  I  FERA1TRE.    AMERICAN,    IN    1895. 

More  books  were  published  in  our  country  in 
1805  than  in  any  previous  year,  the  record  snow- 
ing 885  more  than  the  total  number  issued  in 
1808.  the  largest  book-producing  year  hitherto. 
In  all,  there  were  5,469  books  sent  from  the 
of  which  5,101  were  new  books  and  368  new 
MS.  In  1894  647  out  of  the  total  of  4,484 

•  •w  editions,  showing  an  increase  of  pub- 
n  of  original  work,  albeit  not  of  a  nigh 

order  of  merit.  Of  the  total  number  of  boons 
manufactured  in  this  country  3,396  were  by 
American  authors — by  far  the  greater  number 
"f  reprints  made  belonging  to  fiction — 847  were 
by  Knglish  and  other  foreign  authors,  and  1  .•.'•,!»» 
were  imported  into  this  country,  bound  or  in 
sheets,  hearing  an  American  imprint.  By  far  the 
greatest  increase  was  shown  in  fict  ion,  the  total 

•  -Is  standing  1,114  against  729  in  1804     <  T 
this  number,  however,  only  287  were  by  Amer- 


authors, while  580  were  reprints  and 
importations.      A  marked    increase   was    also 
noticeable  in  the  department  of  literary  history 
and  miscellany — iM  new  books  against  206  in 
IBM— and  in   poetry,  while  a  falling  off  was 
•bown  only  in  books  of  the  useful  arts  and  those 
relating  to  sports  and  amusements.    Th 
importations  were  in  theological  and  juvenile 
works  and  in  poetry  and  biography.    No  book 
made  any  decided  sensation. 

'.— The  most  important  work  of  the  year 
thb  head  wan  beyond  doubt  -  John 
-'  »•  of  Forty  Yean  in  the  Hou*?, 
:  An  Autobiography,"  in  8  vol- 
of  which  created  a  great  aenaa- 
!«.    A  new  cheaper  « 
of -The  Sherman  Letters*  published  last 


vi-ar.     Marv  Abigail   Dodge  ((Jail    II 

lished  a "  Biogru)  -  < ..  I.laine."  and  snjBI 

work  of  intense  interest,  from  an  opposing  stu: 

Tin-  Lite  ..f  Samuel  .1.  Tilden."  ' 
friend  John   Higelow,  who  watt  peculiarly  q^^H 
to  give   the   details  rontaim-d   in   tliet- 
\Var-l  Hill  LuiiiMifs  "  H«-f"'.: 
ei.lli,      ls-17  P6     edited       \>\      ! 

hi.p-tliy  Lamon.  iin-i 

nature.      L.  K.  <  'hitteli-len    _ 

"Al.raliam  Liiu-oln's  Speech « •>."  and   • 

contributed  t/i  the  New  York  "  h 

mempration  of  the  thirtieth  anni.  -'.<-a«ai 

ciiuiti'>u    nf   April    4.    Is'l.'i.    w:is    eiititl.  d  -  Adrahft 

Lincoln :  Tribute.-,  from  hi.-  \ 

Of  Soldiers.    StateMiieii.   and    <'it./ 

with  jui  intr«Klii<-tion  l>v  Williain 

The  "Political  Del.at.  - 

Stephen  A  the  <         ''-rated  Cain 

"  tilled  a   )  mrto  VMlB 

an«l   yet    uifuiii  we    had  "  Political    S|.eeeln-s  at.d    I 
bate*  of  Abraham   Lineoln  and  Step).. 
185*  . 

I  >ay"  wan  the  tit:- 
of  the    Father  of  his  «'.,untry.  1 
.r..|in-t«m.  ami    Mr.    KlipJia 

brary  and 

a  lecture   delivered    May    1 
Chun-li.    New    York 
George  Washington  "  wan  t 

!  bridge  8.  1: 
•ingle  isMie  in  tin 
author  Henry  K.  : 

1   Sketches  of  S 
derate  Cointnaii 
Col.    Theodore    Ayrault    I1 
Walker,  and  others,  wan  c-t 
Dwight,  and  from  Lieut.  Arthur  Sinclair, 
federate  States  navy,  we  have  a  record  full  o*^H 
i  ean  "t,  'the  -  A'.;  \  \\x-.rt ^H 

Kiddle,  who  was 
greaft,  proflered  u  KecollectionH  of  War  Time- 


1BRATUKJB,  AMKICK-AN.   !M  180ft. 


l 


iMWOtt  Of  liM  Civil  Wa,. 
cr,  h«i 

r*i,l."aouui. 

M 


ifcrhfcMMMJt    -G«a*« 

tttOMT       Tht^iof*    A 

imlB    parpomd  • 

•  .....     •••...,.    .  .-    - 


kf  CWL 


• 


-   s- 

r  pESL3L  mi 


i.  M    I' 
•ifciakii-hi  ; 


I "  Down  at  CaxUmX1 

I-  of  •  number  of  * 
of  noted 


> 

« 

>  «f  Notable  |*«t|>lr.n    - 


f  iin»  hard* 

««  of  thr  a 


rirw  u>  many  of  tii  r  mental  efcaraounatMtor 

'lume,    Joaeph   A. 
utury  with  J*taaT and 


.   .  •     :      . 


.  the  Superior  r«urt  of  Boaton.      Th« 
•WMki  of  the  ft  volum. 

.r  M-rvii-r  «  an  n  ndrml  to  a  grand* 

••        •     '  •  .  .        :  ..    .          


*hWl  r  »•..•.;.   far  u  \  -.it  i    t)..     bOTOMVOl    f    •    r  v 


,  Memoir,"  WM  from  the 


v  llarriwo: 
'Abbot,  and 
.      ,   •     •       v 

-•u.l   Harris 

r.i,>    >  Ll  .I..-,..  -  (,>   \\        .       } 
••"»«,  iiimiiiiH  much  new  material  of  high  hiatorie 
**ltK,  opportunely  prcaente.  I 
rlMUMMMo: 

•yof-Jlartin  II 

rjl^of  B.1^ 

N      • 


CbvaV  by  Dr.  Ourta.  C.  OM^M  a*4 

Iffka  A    R   f^rTrMJnn^    Vmjl  ••>  !«••     tr    --'  -  -   >--    t^. 

ITU    .\    II    i  »••  «ir)'  •»  .  f.»-l  «f:   .f   .f'  •  .    .    .      f,       i    I  •  • 

-k.    -Cka*U  fMMia  B«MH:  A  H4««*  of 
To  and  Work."  by  r*ra*c*  T.t»t»>  ;  a  •  UaV  of 

.1       •.     :         •  ...-  N  -     .-     -       ',          •     ,    V 

fcJ^EfcaWKTJ: 

jft3L2  :'      " 

BbodoUland 


jjlMlul    anl 

•ar  th 
he  Mi 
^^BwiMa  BeTolut 

l«  of  France  towanl  tn*  War 


iractrrit^l     '  %     th*    mart     •aa.B 
•od  warm  bat  Impartial  admire-     beta* 


oT  HrfMf  TlMa«a.    V 

&:Jraea£!asa!U£ 


i;«»  iMv"  «»  n •ylli I  ta 
Hvf'    A«r» 


. 

fc    ^     W-^fc^^M»«       •%       ^^••MBHMB       ^tfH|^BM^MM»     ••h^     ^.^^L^^      t^^fl 

Dy  JBOWW    f .    »  *J"*»«7.  ^WWV^  Vlv  f»Wi«    IrVI* 
•  —  •          V  : 

KMMi  W MM*.'  ««  MMl    -«1  *•»*• 


LiTKKATlKi:.  AM  KRICAN,  IN  1895. 


BethpftM.  L.  L,  1688";  Henry  Carrington  Bolton 
a^Ejinald  Pelham  Bolton  &eed-Tbe  Family  of 
Botoii  in  England  and   America,  1 100-189 > 
W.  G.  Sunnard  prepared  -  A  (hart  of  the  Ancestors 
r.  Robert  Rose," 

„ _  .-Under  both  of  these 

heada  fall  -  v 

William    Dean    Howells   with    charming    abandon, 
which  awaken  many  a  aympath- 
Hiram  Coraon  defined  " 

an. I  Henry  Matson.  the  author  of  "  Kcforenoea  for 
Literary  Workere"  discoursed  of  -  Knowledge  and 
Culture,"  Margaret  8.  Itopney  offered  "  Foundation 
:  .terature,"  and  Oreenough  White  pub 


mentaries  concerning  some  of  those  who  ha 

tr»|>hixed  the  joys  of  the  open  air"  1 

Country  Side";  an<l  among  oooki  chirtly  il«->.  •  ,  •  ,r 

tO  be  Illflltl 

!th«-rn   Uillf."    by    \Villiain    - 
ir    N' 


Part  I  of  an  -Outline  of  the  Philosophy  of 
&TWi   Literature,"  devoted  to  the  M 
1 1  id  mar  Hjorth  Boyeeen  contributed  7  enthusiastic 
•Ksaaya  on  Scandinavian  Literature,"  to  which  his 
•Commentary  on  the  Writings  of  Henrik  11-= 
•oed  lest  year,  must  be  regarded  as  supplementary. 

I,.!'--.  .  I'..'      .-.•.•-.••    -.•-!.,:. 

Frank  i  supplied  an  inln.duction.nUed  2 

volume*,  and  Laurence  Hutton  was 
••Other  Times  and  Season*"  in  the  Harper's  -  Arm  ri- 
oan  Raaayiats  Series".  Gustav  Karpeles  wr 
-Jewlah  Literature  and  Other  Easaya."  Vol.  Ill  of 
•English  Landa,  Letters,  and  Kings,"  by  Donald  G. 
Mitohell  (Ik  Marvel)),  carries  us  through  the  times  of 
•Queen  Anne  snd  the  Georges,"  closing  with  a  por- 
trayal  of  Wordsworth.  u  Books  and  their  Makers 
during  the  Middle  Ages"  were  the  subject  of  2  vol- 
umes by  George  Haven  Putnam,  and  Brander  Mat- 
thew* wrote  of  u  Books  and  Play-Books."  A  new 
enlarged  edition  was  issued  of  «  Essays  in  Miniature.1 
by  Agnes  Repplier.  Thoughts  of  John  Vance  Cheney 
on  poetry  ana  the  poets  were  emit  led  ••  Thut  Dome  in 
Air;"  while  from  Miss  Vida  Dutton  Scuddcr  we  have 
*  thoughtful  volumes,  the  first  tracing  u  The  Life  of 
the  Spirit  in  the  Modern  English  Poets,"  and  the  sec- 
ond offering  u  The  Witness  of  Denial "  in  modern 
Engltah  prose  writers.  Frank  Preston  Stearns  waa 
particularly  interesting  in  u  Sketches  from  Concord 
and  Appledore,"  and  in  this  connection  may  be  hero 
»ed  ** Literary  Shrines:  The  Haunts  «.: 
American  Authors,"  by  Theodore  F.  Wolfe, 


M  I  •  ,  who  also  made  w  A  Literary  Pilgrimage  among 
the  Haunts  of  Famous  British  Authors,"  both  volumes 
exquisite  in  the  technique  of  book  making  and  fasci- 
nating in  their  affectionate  treatment  of  the  subjects  of 
each.  Klbert  Uubbard  also  made  "  Little  Journeys 
Homes  of  Good  Men  and  Great"  "  Idyls  of 
World"  were  from  the  pen  of  W.  D.  Mc- 
Prof.  F.  M.  Warren  chose  an  apparently 
limited  field  in  his  study  of u  The  Novel  before  the 
Seventeenth  Century,"  which,  however,  was  found  to 
be  wider  than  was  supposed,  and  which  he  traversed 
in  an  interesting  end  instructive  manner.  u  Twenty- 
•ve  Letters  on  English  Authors  "came  to  us  from 
Mary  Fisher.  Prof.  R.  G.  Moulton  edited  "Four 
Years  of  Novel  Beading,"  the  account  of  an  cxperi- 
SMOt  in  popularizing  the  study  of  fiction,  which  tic 
regards,  aa  be  tells  us  in  his  introduction,  as  an  art, 
and  Hugo  Biieheen.  M.  D-  gave  special  attention  to 
-Methods  of  Authors."  John  A.  Kersey  ex.. 
-Ethics  of  Literature."  "Rhetoric:  Its  Theory  and 
Practice"  was  the  title  given  to  the  lectures  upon 
•  English  Style  in  Public  Discourse,"  delivered  twelve 
years  ago  by  Dr.  Austin  Phelpa  to  the  students  of 
Aodover.  edited  in  text-book  Yorm  by  Prof.  Henry 
Allyn  Fnnk.  A  new  revised  and  enlarged  edition 
of -The  Principle!  of  Rhetoric,"  by 
in  Hill.  Gilbert  M.  Tucker  made  a 
the  proper  use  of  the  Knglish  language  as 
on  Soeeeh"  and  FranSa  Bennett  Call a- 
of  *  Charm  and  Courtesy  in  Letter 
Charles  A.  Dana  collected  S  lectures  upon 
An  of  N«w,pmptr  Making  « into  a  small  volume. 
Pron  Henry  Van  Dyke  we  had  -Little  Rivers:  A 
Book  of  Essays  in  Profitable  Idleness,"  and  from  Rev. 
IL  llepworth  » Brown  Studies;  or.  Campflrea 
"  George  H.  Ellwanfer  entitled  6  Y 


i;:; 


iiuthnr  of"  .  Moiiir    Nrw'    Knglan-i 

'  :..-l:iti.l  Hillside:   N..tr>  from  I'ndorledfl 
Willin  •    :«-s   t'p'in  . 

by  Julia   Sherman    IlalUu-K 

G  ad  and  MM  i."  bj  Joseph  Jaokaoa    skn,.| 
life,  sccncr\ 

«   l.il.l    u*" 

ami    '1  '  .«• 

aines  and  Good  Wives"  in  i 

ion.      "The   FjtHt   an.l   Th:.- 

England,"  aa  exainini.l   l>y    ! 
Love.  Jr.,  presented  a  striking  p.<  ;  un 

..u«l    (Militieal    life  d  the   times,  and  also 
tained  a  unique  calendar  in  tabular  t»nn  of  all 
days  actually  observed   from    K.JO  t<> 
through  60  pages  wth  f.fthr  I       •  •  \  \\  • 

'  wastracotl  by  I'n.f.  Kielmrd  Ji.n- 
Bacon  and  his  Shakespeare,"  1-y   I 

-  a  controversy  which  is  still  turthersctftj^H 
44  The  Plays  of  Shakespeare    founded 
Forms,"  by    Ibnry  J.  Buggies,  who  pre^umoa  thfM 
t'-rms  to  have  IH  vn  by  Bat-- 

ami  V  njipeured  of  -Sir  Fran- 
Story,"  as  discovered  and  dx  ii>) 
Owen,  M.  IX,  who  published  al- 
Tragedy  of  Mary,  (Ju.  ,  n  .,t  s.-..t-  Trag- 

i.-al   Historic   of  our    Late  Brother,  Robert,  Ead 
i   derived   trom  the  same  source.    FK 
helling  selected  and  edited 
Kli/abcthan    Lyric*,"1  with   an   introdu.  •• 

of  notes;  u  Readings  from   the 
ramatist.s;  with  Notes,"  by  Catherine  Mary  1:    .• 
olds  Winslow,  tilled  '2  volumes,  and  1'r 
edited  M  Ki-adin^s  ii:  • 

'  of  .lohti  Ford  was  also  edir 
Clinton    Sc.,llurd.       I'r-.f.    Albert  !ir^H 

nOld  KllL'lish."  based  iij,,,  n  ; 

of  hi-  -k   in  Old  Knglish."     -  1    .-UK  utan 

(ire.k    K.lucation,"  by    ! 
the  aims,  mcthodn,  and  results  of  < 
]>rior  to  404  B.  o..  and  u  Roman  Lite  in   I.atinPJBl 
and  Verse"  consisted  of  illustrative  i 
Latin  literature,  compiled  and  edited  by  I 
ton  Peck  and  Robert  Arrowsmith.    J.   w. 
made  a  compact  survey  of  M  Latin   Lit 
Modem   Knglish  •  M   •'•• 

nuris,  ]>urjx>rt«-d  t/>  be  u  eoncise  diction;,; 
lish  and  mo,li-rn  (ireck    lain/ua^'e- 
and    spoken.      II.   A.   (iuerber   published   8   WOBs) 
w  Stories  of  the  Wagner  Ope  r 
Lands,"  narrated  with  special  re) 
and  art,  and  M  Legends  ot  the  Khi-  '  *9* 

wrote    of  "Nymnhs,  Nixies,    and    Naiads";   wfBt 
(  'harlcs  Godfrey  Leland  gave  u  Legends 
1  and  the  Watcr-TL"-r.  and  ' 
can  Indian  Tales,"  told  by 
young  people,  was  illustrated  with  drawl  • 
Conant  Greenough.    u  Bahama  Songs 
by  Charles  L.  Edwards,  formed  Vol.  II  I 
of  the  American  Folklore  Society.1 


rence  Godkin's  M  Reflections  and 

'95  "  were  collected  from  the  files  of  the  " 

which  they  appeared  during  th> 

u  Select  Conversations  with  an   I'nelc," 

Wells,  and  "Cousin  Anthony  «; 

Sanford  Martin,  discussed  divers  n 

aspects  of  life,  wl 

looked  at  1  inc  and  shado-.v 

Corner."    Mary  Da  vies  Steele  d< 

chiefly  from  an  invalid's  poi- 
Hanlwickc  explained  u 
Happily";  William  M.  Th«.; 
helps  for  young  men  and 

•.VomanlujofJ,"  and  al 
.ts  in  Successful  ' 
W.  Bok  pointed  young  men  "  Successward: 


K.  AMKItlCAN.    IS 


• 


c|JJ 


ajas  by  Maryaiwi  Werner  Mortey, 
*,U,U,e  aame  raiaa 


•  aditrueaul  a  maturer  a 
.al  Kiudim  in  A 

BfflSJSBr"- 


Sru  !  s  lrtfti^^sli£ftJKr>±,1 

*  °wee)  IB     w .  Ji.  BIOBB.  aaa  r»raao)or  •aiuwejv%  aavt  a 
by  llmrirtu  rt.n.       -I  ih.    " 


riran  Literature,"  by   Mildred     «a*  wriuaa  by 
attte.  of*  Literature  l^mer.";    Amhem  Cotiei 


ra  Oman    I.urmiure 


•earyo 


of     Fir*  Mai 


by 
>txi  M  (ienuan  llUoriemf FroM.**    tory  note  by 


•.:••••        .,;...... 

wmflad  by  Jo»i«h  11.  UUtx ... 

ia  of  quotaSona  Aon  the  literature  of    •  One  Hut. 

Robinaon  contributed  an     School."     babella    «, 

.  Annual  l.-.:.-mry  Index**  for  IBM,  and 

i  year  of  that  publication.    The  hand- 

a,  from  •  typoirraphioal  standpoint,    and  John 

««n  biblloffraphicml  literature  mm    bar  and  to  A 


• 

ble  private  librmrice  in  the  United     -The 
nvtadt*  ueauroed  aa  a  contribution     for 
liuphiliam  la  America,  and  Ula*-     laj 
Hype  reproductkMM  from  manu-     -  I. 

T 


,,r.      , 


ajajBv  a«4  ajaw  wjaeveiwajvvv*        *»    t^aiMWfwt   ««v  w          a>  vjaBwawvaj        t    ir^awi     er*>«avaawj    aaa*    Ve>eflB>ewv» 

y  Wod^lac-:  Aan  W  CSk.  Ukatt  -inw*- 
lamed  la  t  duodecimo  volume*  with    trative  BlaokboaM  flHUklaf  * :  aa4  Awe*  Aane)  K. 

*  of  the   lovt-r,.J-    Nat-.n-    aii-l   «  :th  -n        «   r-  -^    "  t  •«  -    t  ^    .     !'r»-       .- 

MWA.     A  n«-  '  edition  la    V     u  Mechan»ral    l»rawiac.*  maaaate  far  taarW**  ea4 

3a»  made  of  Dr.  HolnioaNi  -  Over  the     rtudetita.     la  collaborate*  w»ih    Amy  Hwaia  tW 


mos  M.  KcfW^-.  <~«* 

*:  AMI  V  B«tka  ll»u  -We^ 


J    A, 


•HOT  »«M»W»  •••»  ^w«y«i 

may  an  well  be  included     Laamna  *  far  primary  i 
>ro    -The  Adventure,  of     the  aerlce  of  •  Bdaafte 


uii.on..:,  boaka,  «!    h 

ipprtMed  Chaptara  W8eorie»  of  Great 

Iloonabaea*,*'  by  Robert  Bridfai  (Droch ) ;  aad  •  Slariai  of 

iiea-Boat  on  the  Styx,**  and  -  Mr.  Kd.ari 

naca,*  the  laat  a  buHeaque  life  of  Day. 

tidrick  Katiir* :  -  The  Literary  Ueorfe  J.  N  an»y 

V  by  Jamea  L  Ford;  -Aunt  be   n  BHIIIII  nil  1 

v  and  A  Modern  Mrw.  Mala-  Aid*  fcr  Ha  ~ 
nner;  •  Barby  Coey^  Phi- 

liamKenimore  Cooper  (BarbyCoey);  Inrtntrtioa  of  that 
immie  ft  * 


ltrY-w»*perodvoo-Trilbr,"by  Mra.  Book,-  Ibr  aw  la 

DalteJS  and  -  Dnlby  Revereod,"  a  bar-  FJIb  edited  -TW 

l«*sur  ,n  vrrw  »f  the  aame  book,  by  I^opold  Jordan.  Bo) 

•HMam-Jaji.^  riunney  Mun roe  traced  aa  om*-  aad 

Hae  of  the  K  hxincatkmal   Idea"  in  volume  u»  -  TW 

am  Noetllnir  made  -  Ko«e.  on  the        Ftettea-Tea 

and   Art  of  EduoaJoa,1*  and  Blaaop  J.  L,  tioa  wwrv  i 

the  -  Meaaa  aad  Radaof  Edu-  bat  *4  aew 


N'Vltr-.'.'l-1.    :' 


«Ht,  rtMUadanlalevlBS 

the  theory  of  taaehlajr.  whill^fcepraotloal  Ibr  taeeMtfaf  af  th* 

PhlloMDaj  of  aaaoal  •*»,*  wate*  wa>  atea 

Arnold  Toropklm.   A  aew  edidoa,  trwled  by 

lawedof-TheTeaoWrand  aawai 

aariea  Northead.     Prof.  AlbaH  AUae. 


•••a,*  aad  Catherine  Aiken 

f  f        f       \ 

Mn,  George  cSJUoa^aaa 


^ifSf^S- 


UATURR,  AMERICAN,  IN 


ume»  of  short  stories.    Henry  James  publish*.! 

...       .    ;  ...  .,  '.>.•*  I  ..-*..    ..,t.;.,,i 
his-Grav  koaes*1;   K.  llo,,k,n..: 

;.    ,.    •  -..        .       \  .....       :.;..-:-         .,.-,.- 

I      •  U  •..•...-         ..•.-....'•. 

-The  Front  Yard. and  Other  lu  *«  and 

-  Dorothy,  m  Uharlealf- 

bert  Craaiock  (Mary  N.  Murftee)  published 18  vol- 
umes, "  The  Phantoms  of  th. 

Stories  "  and  -  The  Mystery  of  Witchface  Mountain, 
and  Other  Stone* 

Village  Watch   1  ••  tales. 

Maria  Ixwiac  Pool  contrasted  the  opposing  tempera- 
moots  of  our  widely  separated  section*  <>t   country 
la  her  novel,  "  Against  Human  Nature,"  and 
Orne  While  produced  a  atro..  -The  Com 

ing  of  Theodora."  ."  as  told  by 

Sarah  Orne  Jewell,  was  at  once  pathetic  and  hope- 
ful, while  from  Mr*.  ron*tance  Cai 
Burton  Harrison)  I  kfl   Errant  Wooin. 

der  varied  skies.    "With  the  Procession"  wax  an- 

•  .,  .  r  .  ftf  •  ..!,  bg  llei.n  P..  l-'uller  stan- 
loo  Pace),  who  apparently  succeeds  as  well  in  hi* 
-.  ..,  ..  •  -  >deal  and  romantic  one,  Prom 
BrHellarte  came  "  Clarence  "  and  -In  a  Hollow  of 
U,"  and  Capt  Charles  King  told  "The  Story 
of  Fort  Frayne,"  publishing  also  4-  Captain 
and  Sergeant  Crasua,"  8  stories  in  1  volume,  and 
-Trooper  Rote"  with  which  was  also  bound  "Sig- 
nal Buttc,"  He  also  edited  "Captain  Dreams,  and 
Other  Stories."  "A  Madeira  Party,"  by  I  " 
Mitchell,  was  the  title  given  to  a  volume  of  2  short 
i  which  show  he  has  lost  none  of  his  \ 

Philip  Vernon,"  also  from  bin  pen,  proved  to 
be  a  tale  in  prose  and  verse  of  the  days  of  Elizabeth 
and  the  Spanish  Armada.  "Mr.  Rabbit  at  Home" 
was  intended  aa  a  sequel  to  -Little  Mr.  Thimble- 
Infer  and  his  Queer  Country,"  by  Joel  Chandler 
Harris,  whose  "  Uncle  Remus"  went  through  a  now 

vised  edition  during  the  year.    "A  Singular 

was  outlined  by  Elizabeth  Stuart  Phelpa  (Mrs. 
Herbert  I).  Ward),  and  "A  Dash  to  the  Pole"  was 
made  by  her  hunband  in  a  wildly  imaginative  flight 
in  an  air  shin.  u  The  Wise  Woman  "  was  the  • 
Mrs.  Clara  Louise  Burn  ham's  helpful  novel,  and 
Rose  Porter  made  a  charming  picture  of"  My  Son's 
Wife,"  "Bernicia,"  the  only  contribution  of  Mrs. 
Amelia  E.  Barr,  was  an  English  story  of  the  close  of 
the  eighteenth  centurv.  ••  <  >n  the  point "  was  a  sum- 
mer idyl  by  Nathan  Ilaskell  Dole:  Hczekiah  Butter- 
worth  related  the  romance  of  a  colonial  lire-Lie  "In 
w  England";  and  Dr.  Charles  Conrad  Abbott 
described  "A  Colonial  Wooing."  Mary  Catherine 
Lee,  the  author  of  "A  Quaker  Girl  of  Nant 
was  eoually  successful  with  "A  Soulless  Singer"; 
Mary  1 1  a)  lock  Foote  was  welcomed  once  more  with 


Mary 

-  The  Cup  of  Trembling,  and  Other  Stories  " :  «  The 
Water  of  a  Saint,  i,-  Dories,"  by  Grace  Ell.  ry 

Channing,  appeared  in  the  "  Carnation  Series 
Julirn  GordobTMrs,  Julia  Van  Renaselaer  < 
told  of  "  A  Wedding,  and  Other  Stories."  Aim 
Doojrlas  sent  out  9  books, "  Shcrburne  Cousins,"  "  A 
tiherimroe  Romance,"  and  "  In  Wild  Rose  Tin., 
vend  problem  of  capital  and  labor  th«-me 

of  an  entirely  new  writer,  Helen  •  nee,  a 

granddaughter  of  Rnfus  Choate,  in  "The  Story  of 
ChrUinelCochaforl,"  the  scene  of  which  is  laid  in 
Blots  IB  ov  own  times.  The  book  preserves  through - 
ovlooi  alone  its  interest,  but  the  elevated  tone  which 
b  ite  most  attractive  characteristic.  "The  Doctor, 
his  Wife,  and  the  Clock"  and  "Doctor  Izard"  be- 
*  to  Anna  Katharine  Green  (Mrs.  Charles 
A  local  flavor  attaches  to  "Miss  Cherry- 
by  John  Luther  Long,  and  "  The 
Moda,"  a  romance  of  MaUyaTby  Rounsc- 
iman.  "The  Princess  SonU,"  by  Julia 
-1WIV  T1^  ronMneeof  the  Latin  quarter, 
of  a  Professional  Exile,"  by  E.  8.  Nadal, 
the  character  and  foibles  of  the  American 
abroad.  -  In  the  Land  of  the  Sunrise  "  was 
ha  story  of  a  Japanese  family  and  the  wonderful 


land  they  live  in,  written  by  Robert  N.  Barret 
the    object   of  awaken  in.'    interest    ii 

labor,  whil.  :he  Sun  <  \ 

canaM. 

u  ).  under  \< 
praaaioti   of  travels  in   that  repul  K. .-,,," 

\Iyrccdes:  A  Story  of  N  Sarah 

iied  strongly  ajalnal  the  n..  i!         •  tiu. 

Catholic    Church    in   that    countrv.    m,  . 
A  Tale  •  • 

. 

• 

pedittoa  "f  ^'i. 

Twain"  and  "Ti.  Jott 

Mackie,  were  romances  of  the  Canadiai 
turning  to  our  own  country,  we  ha 
Wilson:  A  Daughter 

Blair,  who  appear*  for  the  tir>t   time  ii, 
world  with  this  sweet  and  simple 
lirown  we  have  "  Meadow  ( i rass," 6  tales 
land  life;  from  Dane  Conyngham,  "  Hi. 
a  New  Enirland  romance';  tmm   |i  .        !;   .\.. 

,:ned  tn>m  an  old  E0JK 
;    from    ( 'hn>toti||fr    « 
:  from  William    ^ 
44  A  Market  for  an  Impulse";  fr 
derwood,  "Doctor  dr... 

douse   Cobwel,."  a  tai. 
in  Vermont  in  the  war  time;  tr<>: 

bell     Watson.    -Oil     l.vii!,],  ,     ABB 

Kendrick  Hi-m-di.-t.  ""An  I>land  Story":  and  tr-.m 
George  Wharton  Edwai 

."   Jo  .*h..rt  stories  of 

Maine,  illustrated  by  himself.    "1  ft*9 

« -a,  also  ha>  laid  in  a^H 

England,  and  deals  with  current  <;  refaH 

dirls  at  Cottug-  ''I^B 

narrated  by  Emma  D.  Kefley  Hawkins,  and  BB 
Perry  described  a  Connecticut  town  as  "  The  PhlaV 
City."  "  Doctor  Hathern's  D  was  a  stqv 

of  Virginia  by  Mrs.  Marv  J.  Hoi.,,, 
in  Virginia  before  the  War,"  bv  Letitiu  M    I: 
was  illustrated  by  W.  A.  McCullough  and  .lul.-.  Tur 
cas;  and  "Christ  "  waa, 

according  to   Dora   E.  NV.  Spratt, ;.  n  btftK 

and  white     .)ame>    Lane  Allen   published  u  AftA 
math,"     Tart     11    of  ••   \     K.  ntuck.i     Cardinu 
"  Young  Greer  of  Kent  H  O0fl 

by  El-  !  lie  Heart   ..f  Old  HJM 

ory,  and  <  >ther  Stories  of  Tennessee,"  by  Miss  WB 
Allen  Dromgoole,  had  a  t>r>  1  lower, 

:ind"A  Little   Si>ter  to  the  Wilderness;'   byLOH 
Bell,  told  of  life  among  the  poor  whites  of  West  TV 
nessee.    <>pi--    1'.  Read  (Arkansas  Tra\        i 
a  romance  "  On  the  Su wane*  tiCaro 

Una  was  the  scene  of  "Jack  ()  1  Maria 

Beale,  as  Texas  in  the  war  time  u.  UnflT 

••M..',.no 
I       '!    Clelland. 

Bayou  Tecne,"  1  r  mi/jl 

the  existcn<  .n   blood   in  their  respeelM 

heroines,  and  the  race  problem  of  'the  > 
cussed  in  "  The  Son-  of  Ham,"  by  I.oi, 
who  published  also  "  Corona  or  the   Nantahalas." 
"  The  Hand  of  Fate"  was  a  r 
Kate  Lilly  Blue,  and  rural  life  in  Arkan- 
background  of  "  Beholding  as  in 
. 

rn  California,  by  Mrs.  Margaret  - 
ham,  were  collected  into  a  volume,  and  the  same     ui> 
try  is  the  scene  of  "  Go  Forth  and  Find,"  by  T 
H.  Brainerd.     "  'Cension:  A  SkeU  h  t- 
Norte,"  by  Maude  Mason  Austin,  appeared  in  **  j^R] 
pert  Little  Novels,"  and    1 

readers  with  interest  "Over  the  Old  Trail"  to  s 
Colorado  mining  camp.  "The  <  ')0^^H 

by  Henry  E.  Rood,  pointed  out  the  dangers  n*ultinjr 
on  unrestricted  emigration  as  exemplified  in  the  coal 


:K,  AMKRHAN.  IN   18M. 

any  Ivania.  which  are  the  acene  alao  of 
:  i3  apU  f  ?  Aw    -    •    •   .         . 


ateU  aiu-n-la' 

••...:,.•.,  II    Ha,,,,      )  i««M  P. 

k  to  a.».  u-i'.r.-  u:,    \:.>  .......  i.     i!    •     -     . 

!  T.>l..r  MblblMd"  !»  •  *O»fJi   ai,l    -    J    - 

•rmyea    In  -  The   Manhattan- 

Jamc.  Brandcr  Matthew.;  , 

rd,  who  wan  alao  the  author 

,k.offl.i,.,,*.r.    -  it.,  ftioryoi  ||M  "••••  u  ... 
olden   It- 1   K.I,!:  ..,'•  «'..  1  -  Dorrorv  ..«  .  --r     1 


an-t  ,U     ibinf  UA  .fo 


Thr*»  and  Twrt»t>,-    b,    M^ 
rink  water 

l|...h.t,r.~.,    l^ajaj     > 


-    : 


\Ul.n  :  A  -  -rv  of  Adventure  In  the  Vln 

rrva  Lo«  Goaa,  and  »  Under 
1M1,W  a  romance  of  the  Sou 
William  Lowndr*  ! 

i  Modern  lX-»"  "    <>tl..r  -r   -.,»  with  a  Krrnch  acitlnf 
•-<»!.•   rntaiitflrii,.!.'-.    '  :-     hr.    I.  r      - .     \     K  .-    .      .   a!    . 

:t  atory  of  N 

iMianWar, 
ibeek.  s  from  an  Amor- 

awe  har, 
«ftbe  Commune,"  by  Kobcrt 

WA*>*        af»B»»ieji  aa».  n  a«       VUa^a>«a»        1«  .   I       _M        t  •!  •; a^n    I -*» i.M 

avnanDvi   ropwr,   n«vj  an    iDcnmown    DT 

IW  Ell...«i  Oooem.  Prom  Archibald  Havering  Oon- 

»dlea'  JuMcrnaut ";  J.  A.  MitebelfeboM 
•n  unu.ua!  theme  for  hb  flrwl  novel,  -  Amoa  Judd," 
andt« 

*ochanti.,,-,.v       .    \:  -     i  :  ,      ,    . 

MdlawdeMribed^AnOdaFV      .»."  -  '      .    v     • 
i  he  DUarreeable  Woman."  and   Prancoa  E. 


*mmW ******  m. T*m+ 


\^  \Vii::.n.|;.M«r  •  abba,  .».  Ipjaj  :...  fc.  » 
of  the  opiwm  babH.  and  -  A  Vofc.  to  Ibo  Wtf 
byMaHaWee^ajaofrnla^ilaiamataV  -At 


I.V   Mra.  Maria  E. 
hawk  afain  made  a 

- 

Ma^mfMrl.      **   A     Afwa^at.     A  aWalw* 

PlMtt.  -  The  aWv.  Joi^llea^  •jMr'PWnital  K 

^•^sssr^Ss  * 

\  r  raVfl*ial  W     V  * 


driok  BaMdiet,  -Ptvo  Ma^Tn  a*lJnk>  Pwal.*  by 
•UltbO»rte«ion.and-  v  Prla^»  by  aW. 

Wl          .  .^    awawaiaM^am^   awjmVaW    a%    aa«^BA4eaa* 

i    A  tMUw  v^  www  VTWIMI  wm  •  •a^w^  v  v 

•bo   -After    wb^  Ul   TbiMp   by   Oaay  W. 


;    .   \  i-  -•  • 

-•  •-.  •  .  \  .-  •  . 
r  the  late  PlwaW 

|  of  -MU  Traun..  ^^^^P  bjr  Albrft 

•Mfna  Baa*t>» .  ..•         i    .    MHHT  «'f...r>i."  a  ••   •>     •    . 
Primadonn*.  -  ,  .•   M  •  -.      .  |.«, .,/.,      Mr.  i:  j     . 

Mr*.  Katharine  &  Macqtxnd.  -  Hrrrie    ; 
-,  JallaOO- 
«»t":  Mra.  K*r 

'•' 

-  and  Par  A  war";  and  Amy  E.' 

-  T<v*thrr."     -  1 

•M  •  Another  Story,1"  by  Conow  Dufl,  appouwd  to 


ly ,  and  with  no  aHaavM  at  •wawattavx  are  %•  aa>  maav 

ifnaiail    »  l*Bi*wiA.*   A   M«a^l    to  *Tw«   mad   fflBVJB 

UOQWI       •wwaib     •  ^^•^•w   ^ 

Ey«."by  Marie  M.PelU;-TWMa»enia^fiejf> 
jai-  by'BoUrt  ApiMM  <»—  t  ta*al 


AMKUir.vx.  ix 


A  Romano*  of  Three  Days,"  by  George 
Tallman,  were  both  detcctivo  atorie 

an"   was  Ui«  hero  of   KliaabcUi 
Train,  iod  -Bonbar,"  by  R.8.  &•»«",<£ 

-  •'•  '  •-  '•      '  '••   '•  '   fjj*  *?  ""' 

..:     \v •.-..•     •    '  -I!-  Woman 

Who  DUnX"  ana   William  I'.urclay 

North)  asked  "8h  .-..- ;.-i\  Him  f  "  • 

King1*  waa  a  atory  of  waul  and  woallh   wl.i.-l.  in 
volvod  the  invention  of  an  air  ship,  and  an-ther  in. 
probable  alorv  wa*  "Thomas  Boobig,"  by   Luther 
Marshall.    "The  Mystery  of  "wan 

•  hvpnoUc  atory  by  AlU-rt  Hiu'el..w  1'aiiu-;  tpiritaal- 
i^,  waslheanaWr  to  -  Piluu-'s  yiu-ry  -  aoeor. 
8.  C.  Clark;    an.1   ihomuphv   wan   rosponsil 

t  Earth,"  by  .Llewellyn 
Uri  Lloyd,  a  hud  .u-atod 


'  philoaophi 

Double  Man,"  by  Y.  B.  Dowd,  *  The  Hidden  Faith," 
M  Thurber,  and  -  In  the  Sanctuary,"  by  A. 
Van  def  Naillfii.  ionoa  was  touched  uj>on 

in-Zaphra,"  by  .1  -  kton,  and  ••  HP  .t  her  of 

the  Third  Degree,"  by  Win.  L.  Garver,  must  close  the 
list  of  work*  of  the  kind.  "A  Savage  of  Ci  villa 
waa  published  anonymously ;  Wilbcrtino  Tct. 
titled  her  novel  u  The  Snows  of  Yesteryear  "  ;  and  in 
the  -  Enterprise  Series"  we  had  u  The  Adventures  of 
Uncle  Jeremiah  in  the  South"  by  C.  M.  Stevans; 
and  -  An  Appalling  Passion,"  by  Steele  Mackaye. 

ues  of  short  stories  not  previously  mentioned 
were:  HFoam  of  the  Sea,  and  other  Stones,11  : 
trade  Hall:  UA  Mad  Madonna,  and  other  Stories," 
byL.Clarkson  Whitelcn  .by  Alice  Turner; 

-Old  Man  Savarin,  and  Other  Stories,"  by  Edward 
W.  Thompson ;  u  The  Old  Settler,  the  Squire,  and 
Little  Peleg,"  by  Edward  Mott;  "  Bunch-Grass  Sto- 
ries," by  Mrs,  Lmdon  W.  Bates :  "  College  Girls,'1  by 
Abbe  Carter  Goodloe;  uThe  Nimble  Dollar;  with 
Other  Stories,"  by  Charles  Miner  Thompson ;  "  Tales 
of  an  Engineer/  with  rhymes  of  the  road,  by  Cyrus 
Warman;  UA  Man  without  a  Memory,  and  Other 
Stories,"  by  W.  1L  Shelton ;  u  Tenement  Talea  of 
New  York,*  by  J.  W.  Sullivan:  «  People  wo  Pass," 
X'.rk  city,  by  J 
Jesse  Lynch 


, 

life  among  the  missr*  of  New  York  city,  by  Julian 
K*lh     - Princeton  Stories,"  by  Jesse  Lynch   Wil- 
-Yale   Yarns,"  by  John   Seymour   Wood; 


"A  Cumberland  Vendetta,*  and  Other  Stories,"  by  J. 

Fox.  Jr.  ;  "  Aunt  Billy,  and  Other  Sketches,"  by  Aly  n 

Yates  Keith  (Mrs.  Eugenia  L.  Morris),  the  author  of 

:top  Summer"  ;  u  Hippolite  and  Golden 

•riea,"  by  George  Bassott,  in  the  series  of    liar- 
parV  Amfrican  Story  -Tellers"  ;  "  An  Accidental  Ro- 
mance." by  William  Sidney  Roeaitor;  "The  Bacho- 
lor*s  ChriNtmaa,  and  Other  Stories,"  by  Robert  Grant  ; 
«  Bad  Man  and  White,"  by  Owen  Wister  ;  M  A 
and  Other  Storiea,"  by  Mra.  Mary  Tappan  Wright; 
-The  Face  and  the  Mask,"  by  Robert  Barr;  "Kitwyk 
Stories,"  of  Holland,  by  Anna  Eichberg  Kin- 
an*  Methuaelar.and  Other  Episodes,"  by  Ilarrie 
M  Legvods  of  Fire  bland  Beach  and  the  South 
by  Edward  R.  Shaw  ;  u:  to  Canada," 

imaaiMMs  and  realities  of  the  underground  railroad, 
i.  Johnson.  An  edition  of  Cooper'*  novels, 
known  at  the  -  Mohawk  Edition,"  was  published  dur- 
ing the  year,  in  8S  volumes;  and  Thomas  Nelson 
Pate's  -  One'  Edinburg  "  waa  made  into  a 
«m«,  uniform  with  -  Mane  Chan"  and  *  Mch  Lady," 
and  Ulurtratod  by  B.  W.  Clinedlnat  William  Mc- 

UrUwold  published  -A  Descriptive  Liat  of 


Nov^a  and  Talea  dealing  with  the  History  of  North 
Amanca";  Part  I  of  a  similar  volume  covering  an- 
atatt  bteory:  -A  Deacriptivo  Liat  of  Books  for  the 
and  anew  enlanred  edition  of  «  A  Deacrip- 


of  lotematiooal  Novels, 

Fla»  Am.—  In  Mimming  up  the  literature  of  art  for 
tfc«  year  wa  find  fandamontals  treated  in  "yEstheti<S 
f««"alplaa«by  Henry  Rutgers  Marshall,  the  author 
of-  Pa»"uH«aiura,and  1  JUthetfca":  George  Lanning 
-  Psinting,8culpture,and  Archi- 
ative  Arta"*  in  a  profusely  illus- 
whioh  be  termed  in  subtitle  an  eaaay 


In  oomparative  awthotioA,  and  \\hieh  follows  . 
principlea  laid  dowo  in 
by  ).  im  la»t  year,  aa  applied  to  tho  art*  ,.• 
'saays  on  "Khuhm  und  Harm..! 
and  MuMicn  and  "Music  aa  a  Represei 
alao  from  hia  pen.  were  bound  in  01 
La  Farge  published  lectun  - 

MUM-IIIII  ..f  N, 
s  on  Art.  Considorati 
and  John  C.  Vun  Dyke  was  an  an: 

Ihlteh 

\\hieh  (.'JO  ill  numlxir)  wen;  the 

::om  th«-  01  und  were  c«- 

the  "(Yntury  Magazine,1  in  »hi- 

appeared  during  the  last  three  you 

.'•d   as  a  companion    volume    to 

' 

MidMimiiier  <>f  Italian  Art,"  ami 

Partridge    of    tin-    "  Teehni.jue    -  ' 

hiterture  in  Italy,  (ireeee.  .. 

Levant,1*  edit.-,!  by   William    r.   : 

sumptuous  quarto,  abounding  in  illustnr.   n-.  A>.  ,, 

represented  the  labor 

wasistfuod  in  uniform  .-t\l.-  with  •• 

ra  ami   I  'a'.;  1  u  Cyclopa««  I        •   M  i-ii 

an-1  M  '  utkH 

series  of  "  Shadows  of  the  Stage,"  I.  1. 

WingaU:  dealt   with  USI  -iithi- 

Stage."    8.  8.  Curry  publi«h( 

in  Vocal  Exression,"  tfivt-n  to  "  l'rin<-i] 


in^  in  the   ttodalatlOD  of  the  Voice."     .l-hn  II.  K- 

wald  com]',  Mu>ieiaif.-   I 

of  facts  uii'l  '  :-tere>t  to  tin-  mi, 

:vt  Keint/el  arraiiL'e.l  "Th.  \  '•  ;tr 


rav<  in-tn. 

•  litlcrent  ki:.  '.lintiiitf,'1  un<l   Mr-.  1  Ion 

M.-S  j.ul.li.Hhed  "A    Keramir   Stud\  "  of  half* 
iinncr  plates.     .  "rne   Moore       . 

u  Studies  in  tin   >  'rawing  in  Art/1    J|^H 

UraiidiT   Matthi-wH  contrUiuted  "Bookbin-Hi 
and  New  :  Notes  of  a  Book  Lover  "  to  t  i  .  • 
Series."    Foremost  ainon?  illustrate*!  works  to  t0A 
mentioned*4  The  Abbey  Shakespeai  rr-j, 

crly,  u  The  Comedies  of  Shakcspea- 
containing  131  full-page  photogravure  reprodn-  •  .••:.• 
of  drawinga  by  Edwin  Hoa^H 

publisher  we  had  reproductions  of  u  The  Que*t 
Holy  Grail."  a  series  of  painting  done  l.y  t! 
artist  for  the  dcp«.ration  of  the  deliver.. 
Boston   Free   I'ul.lie    Library,  with   des.-rij'ti. 
Cilhurt  White's  "Natural   l! 
liroiiLrht  out  in  a  handsome  holiday  for 

.  illustrated  by  Clifton  Johnson,  un<i  t 
with  an  introduction  by  John  Burrougha,  who,  lA 
the  artist,  vicited  the  quaint  little  Haniimhire  villaj* 
in  order  that  the  part  of  each  might  be  perr      • 
satisfactorily.     Another  beautiful  !.<«,', 
manufacture  was    Kdmund    H.  <iarr«" 
Songa,"  a  companion   volume  to  his 
Songs."     "Joseph    Jell',  r-  ..n  '-    •  Uip    \ 

,lustrute<!  with  drawing-*  and  pi 
from  paintings  of  the  actor  him 
t'ift  Wks  were  "  Dames  of  High  Degn 
rtroit«    of    beautiful    w 
KnglUh  misters  :  "  A  • 
poems,  edited  by  Volney  Streamer,  with  i      - 

•lor    paintings    by  Ellen    < 
similes  of  Water  Colors."  by  W.  (in,- 
and  uFair  Women  of  To-day,"  pr«  -\  : 
lished  poems  by  Samuel  Minturn  \'< 
with  facsimiles  of  painting  in  water  < 
line  C.  Lovcll.    IrvingV  -  Tale,  of  a  Traveler1;  were 
issued  in  2  volumes  of  the  "Buckthorne  1. 
uniform  with  "The  Alhambra"  an-1  "  - 
Frederick  Remington  furnished  ^  full-patrc  illusti 
tif.n-  -f  Hiawatha,'1  and  Mr- 

Austin's  U8tandish  of  SUm.li-i 
treatment   at   the   hands  of  rrill.    8afl£ 

•*Kob  Roy,"  "  The  Betrothed,"  and  ••  'I 
and  DC  Amicis's  u  Spain  and  the  Spaniards"  were 
made  into  superb  volumes. 


UATUKK.  AMERICAN.  IN   IM& 


ri»npio«aim»a»a»naiir j  M  flay. 

h.  in  .jAeW  .nd  SSSnu*.: 


jaWOW  IV  •  |juiMt-  in  i 

KL- 


.1,  .-..'..    <•' 
\ 


"••«.      "IWBWjev    DT  UlC  BU 

>oared  in  the  ••  rolttmbia 

Be,"  edit- 


M»U-I  t  sr,*,d  Wrijrht, 
•ok  of  SOO  eon*,  fame,  ami  water  btfda, 

UafUll-petf. 

lAeokot  Bb  .-   •  ;  .--.r..  N  -•     \     • 
•met  book  for  the  natural  weapon 

tnmon  U 
ad  a  new  , 

.•me  Blrda  of  Now  Kofiand  »  waa 
Uted  by  William  Urewater.     JW.  John 
toek  an<i  Anna  Botaford  were  joint  »u 
L   Manual  for  the   Study  of  Iiu*ct*" 
aa  8amu. 
M    |MmU    ft* 


PlM   KV  «d 

'ii  thini  aeriea  of 
ca"  appearrd.  and  vet  two 

he  I  »av  Huttrrfliaa  and  Doak- 
bv  Kdw.r 

:arien 

-ued,  d^Toted  to  *C«|mllf- 
the  -  Bono**  of 


,  .. 

c  El 

^B    B   Ww_vH 

Tan  ml  «m 

.     .       , 

ssicr 


^  aioloiry  «  for  American  atu- 
un  Hamilton  Gibeon  not  only  told  of 

;•:.•;'  •       '•  .;   •••.•••;  . 
Z^^"-i;:<-,-  •»':••-,:.:  \ 

au«Mwere  drawn  and  described 
torn  m  by  Ellen   Miller  and   M.rvr.r 

a  new  revbrd  and  onltffed  edition  wo. 
.new  Theodora  I>ana^  -  How  to 


• 


it    •  •  ^».  at  •  •  i    ~.t  mti 

•    . 

ra  of  Field  ami 


«me»of  all  \\ 
ttfland  by  t> 


•   .r  .  \      ,. 


•  s     . 


» daintr  rol 
Weni.:, 

• 


SM 


(TRE,  AMERICAN,  IN  1895. 


an    te    ace,   te  tneuiom 

„.  •    •...,  •  .    >  I1:  :  Jamei 

.  ..      j     .      .       '!•     •    -.         .     I 
.  ••        :   -, 


To  mental  philosophy  there  were  some  important 

•     •  .      •        I'/     .~  -.  I  v    ..'    M;n  .."   ..-.    •      ...v 

bull  Ladd,  and  M  Mental  Development  in  the  child 
and  the  Race,"  the  methods  and  prooemca  of 

i  Mark  Baldwin.    -Think 

Dr.  K.  W.  St-ripti. 

Lalx>rat»ry  in  Vale  I'ni- 

veraity,  U,  it  U  claimed,  -  the  tirxt  hook  on  the  new 
or  experimental  psychology  written  in  the  I 

..       .        '•-..:*       .,-       ....,:    ,-••„•,..-        "The 

e  Brain,"  a  study  of  the  inrvou.-*  system 
in  relation  to  education,  waa  contributed   l«\ 

•  D   :...        •  •    •;  .      »  ,,nt«  inporan  Sci 
ence  Series"  ;  a  second  edition  was  issued  of  ••  The 
Psychology  of  Childhood,"  by  Frederick  Trao 
an  introduction  to  the  Mudy  ..f  mental  phenomena 


by  K.  A.  Kirk  put  rifk  iimii-r  tin-  title  of 
-Inductive  Psychology  I  u-hte's 

Doctrine  of  Knowledge,"  by  Anna  Boynton  Thomp- 
son, one  of  the  "  Radcliffe  College  Monograph 
an  introduction  by  Josiah  Royce;  "Comte,  Mill,  and 
Spencer,"  by  Prof.  John  Wataon  (Canada),  was  pre- 
aeoted  a*  an  outline  of  philosophy  according  t<>  the 
tenetaof  the  idealistic  school ;  C.  C.  Post  published 
.  ..  1. --..-.-"  ;  -  KlcincnUi  of  Inductive 
Logic*  were  treated  by  Prof.  Noah  K 
companion  volume  to  his  u  Elements  of  Deduetive 
Logic";  and  in  mat  hematics  we  have  M  Elements  of 
've  Geometry,"  by  C.  W.  Mu.-r,,r,l.  with  ap- 
to  bometrical  and  cavalier  projection  ; 
of  Geometry,  Plain  and  BoUd>  i'.\  .I«'.M 

\!..    :       ...'.    ..-.I-    •  '•- .-    I..    \\  l.iv;  "  ProbleiM   -t 

Differential  Cataulaf  Snppiementanr  to  a  TreatiMj  on 
Calculus,"  by   W.  K.  Bycrly:  an 
'  Study  of  Field  Methods,  which  will  in- 


"•Vs;;1 

£    KlitlK 


to  Stadia  Measurement*  greatly  In.-r.-a.-  . 
curacy,"  a  thesis  for  the  degree  of  civil  engineer  sub- 
mitted to  the  University  of  Wisconsin  by  Leonard 
Sewal  Smith.  Park  Benjamin  wrote  a  history  of 
-The  Intellectual  Rise  in  Kl.--tri.-ity";  Francis  E. 
Niphcr  ty  and  Magnetism"  a  mathemat- 

ical treatiae  for  advanced  undergraduate  students; 
Arthur  Vaugban  Abbott,  "  The  Electrical  Transmis- 
aion  of  Energy,"  a  manual  for  the  design  of  electrical 
circuit*;  H  T*.  I'arshall  and  H.  M.  Hobart  described 
u  Armature  Windings  of  Electric  Machines";  Edward 
Trevert  contributed  u  Kle.  •  Students11; 

Philip  Atkinson" Electricity  for  Everybody  "  :  I  >  I 
Connor  -  A  Treatise  on  Electro-magnetism v;  and  A. 
K.  Wataon  told  -  How  to  hui  i.ight  Dyna- 

mo or  Four  Hone-Power  Motor." 

BUNT.— Brooks  Adams  covered  the  whole  field  of 

:ephiUophyofhi 


IB  ••  rb  La*  o4  «  ivir./a 
lion  'and  Di-eiy."    Vol.  1 V  appeared  of  •*  A  I 
of  the  People  of  the  United  States  from  the  Rev. 
otation  to  the  Civil  War,"  by  John  Bach  McMastcr, 
dajfttoJ  largely  to  the  War  of  1818,  and  Vol.  Ill 
was  also  Saaoadof  James  Ford  Rhodes'*  -  History  of 
the  United  States  from  the  Compromise  of  1850," 
«w»f  the  period  of  1860-'«2.    M  of  the 

£WWO,  1783-1  &17"  waa  traced  by  Gen.  Frat 
Walker  in  the  «  American  History  Seriea,"  and 
MtasMppi  Basing  by  Justin  Wfnaor,  carried  on  the 
«n**fe  in  America  between  England  and  France 
from  Uf7  to  1763,  with  full  cartographical  illustra- 
gy«iy»fJ  sources.  "The  Campaign 
i  *  was  commemorated  by  Samuel 
Drake  in  the  aerie*  of  -  Decisive  Events  in 
•  Htrtory,"  and  Henry  Ferguson  contributed 
_-^  Ajpartein  Hiatory>  «  The  Growth  of  the 
Amerfcw  Nation,"  by  Harry  Pratt  Judson,  belonged 
JoUw-ChjwUnqua  Read  ing  Circle  Literature":  Har- 
to« Qodard  prepared  -An  Outline  Study  of  United 

^n^sra-u^^Li^'ss,^  s& 


Louiae  Manly  contributed  questions  and 
for  review*  and  essays  ;  Dr.  Oscar  1  1   < 
laboration  witli  Harry  K.   KM  ill 

prepared  a  a  History  ol 
text-book  for  schooU,  written  iv..m  :i  > 
•    \\ithmit   h«-i-ti..iial   pivjtidi 
Ham  II.  Mace  was  tin-  author 

"Turniiur  »n  tin-   l.i-ht  :  A  Dispasalonate  *• 
i.lctit  Buchanan^s  Administration 

•  f  i-v  II.  .11.  lliiratin   Ku.-.  i^    in 
fenaeof  that   l.\.  .  u:i\.   airait 
in  In.-  relations  to  the  Southern  Sutw;  Noah  1 

•i_'ton  in  Liin-nln'f  Tin 
sonal  recollection  and  scrap!  .....  «.-  K«  pt  .lurin-  that 


t\\..\..iun.  1  hy  tlio  Masaac 

lliM«iricjd  S-  spectivc 

in  Virginia,  1861-1862  "  i.nd  M  The  Cl 
under   (ieneral    I'ope."     A    ne\s    limite.. 
appeared   of  "  <  Miio  in   the  N\ 
and  .1.  T.  S.-harfs  ••  HUtory  of  tin    ' 

•  through  aseeoiid  edition.     I 
Hopkins  I  niversit\  Studie>  "  ••  Ti 
eminent   of  Maryland   .1774    1777;"    was  tr»  ;. 
.lohn  Archer  Sih  nment  of  i 

South  Carolina,"  :  W|iitne\  ; 

•us  between  Maryland  and  Virgii 

H.  Lata!.. .  "Li  Hiatory  l'a-t  1'olitics  r 

,inis,  l.eint:  inclu'ded    in   tip 
Servitude  in  the  Colony  of  Virginia,"  hy  Jain 
tis  Ballagh  ;  "Tl  f  <'aliforn..» 

stitution  (1846-'49),"  by  Rockwell  Dennis  Hunt 

/mniiiLrs  ,  • 

State,"  by ;  Jesse  S'uldui:  AflM 

in  the  Nineteenth  «'enturv  v  was  : 
aheth    Wormeley   Latimer.     The 
Bounty  and  Story  of  I'itcairn  Island,  17'.»<>  4894 
written  by  Rosalind  Amelia  Young,  a  <i 
one  of  the    mutineers   and    a    native    of   the 
"Arcadia:  Missing  Links  of  a  Lont  <  'haptei  it 
i<-:in    History,"   by    K'lward    Ki.-li;i: 
filled  two  volumes;  "The  Story  of  tin-   Indi. 
George  Bird  (irinnell  initiated  the  "  Stoi 

'  edited    |,y  liij.ley  llitchcoek  ;  aii<l  A!. 

A  Ithers's  u  Chronicles  of  Border  NN 
published  in  1831,  were  edited   with  annotn; 
Reuben  (Jold  Thwaites.     Anna  L.  liirk; 
personal  observation  of  "  Life  in  the  Tuilcri*  ^ 
the  Second    Empire."   having   l-em    f,,r   • 
governess  in  the  family  of  the  Duchcsse  • 

<  >utlines  in  European  1 1  istory  "  was  a  K 

led  for  the  use  of  student*  in  hist 
Willmr  Dow,  and  a  valuable  contrilmtion  wa' 
l>\    I'n.f.  1'hilii)  Van  Ness  M 
Greece  for  Colleges  and  Hi -f.  S,!  M.irv 

;«'  gave  a  brief  historical   nkctch 
entitl.   .  ..!i    Kmjiire";   H 

Baird  concluded  the  historical  series  \>< 
with  the  "Rise  of  the  IhiL'iienots"  and  tl 
note  and  Henry  of  Navarre,"  wit! 
"The  Huguenot*  and  ti 
Nantes  ";  Frances  Gregor  told  u  The  8t 
mia";  "The  Jew  and  the  <;< -rmati  . 
Luther"  was  an  historical  study  1 
while   Edward  8.  Holden  chronicled  ' 
Emperor  of  Hindustan,  A.  n.  1898  H.  J. 

Desmond   revived  "Mooted   Quo' 

-lie   of  Vols.    IV    and    V  Co: 

for  Re- : i  MI  the  Best  Historian 

raphcr 

and  from  I'rof.  .1.  Franklin  .lames.  : 
tionary  of  United  States  History,  1  ; 
York  City  and  Vi 

was  a  military,  civic,  and  financial  lo< 
that  period,  with  incident*  and  anccd< 
umes,  by  R.  8.  Guernsey,  and  -A  i 
of  Brooklyn  and  Kings   County,"  by 
Ostrandcr,  also  in  2  volumes,  was  edited  with  an  intro- 
duction and  notes  by  Alexander  Black.    "  Municipal 
Consolidation:  Historical  Sketch  of  the  Greater  V* 


LITERATURE  AMERICAN.  IN  !«&. 


•     •  .       .     :  •    ' 


lied  by  M.1.UU  M.  BMw 

»wn    work    am    dhat*ejbjM«.    IU«. 

ih.  Uw  oT  ToreJ*  b7  ft-f 


a.  intended  a*  a  .upptaneot  to  Wait** 
Knee*,"  and  ftt««  the  aame  aut).. .r 
Uw  and  Pnu-Ue*.**  for 
and  young   practitioner*,   n>    • 
••U  n   andan.w«r».     Kdwm 

»w  " ;  a  fccond  edition  wa*  b»oed 

and  a  tenth  edition  of  Timothy  Walki r  - 
i-«  u>  American  Uw"  waa  revieed 

view  of  Uw  and 
Ulereon  i.n-j*r,-.l  -  A  rracti- 
.tbr  upon  the  Uw  of  Judicial  Write  and  Pro. 
rim  in.  I  « '«~,."  and  a  aeeood  edi- 
:  leniamin  J.  Shipman*.  -  Handbook  of  Common 
-adtnir  **  waa  made  an  Umte  of  the  -  Hornbook 


to  «»•  t* 
totk*  Uw  , 


wfcJi  •  A 


.adinga  and  Forma,**  by  chart.*  llonr. 
on  the  ayetrin  of  common-law 


NMttosltreJ  n 


*  lnu*inthe'8UteoflW«t 

by  UaotMa  PWrot  Bditr.    ThroTvoluuMia  of°an  -  Ki£ 
l'leadin«andl*ractlo«,wco«i| 

•  *••      iaAllM.1       t>i         •--«.     ^^^ ^— i— —      ft,,^ 

we«ie»i,  n»e  IBM  covering  from 
a   Arthur'  MaeArthur  °bafor«V'the 

llu.it,.  *.     ( 


•         ! 

10  Keallj 
in  l^nd.- and  Part  im-TWeta. 

rEsJwssajjgS 

State.    •  Practice  in  jjejlanaf  Cw<l.*by 

foaa;  -lilortntiv*  "MB  •trtTdTuw  JUbVLd 
Not»  "  ware  aaUetad  md  MMMlajad  by  CHaa  f.  >alav 
.on,  and  a  aac«Mi  edkm  af  ClMrtaa  P.  Jt«*a»t 

obeeka  by  William  L.  Clark.  Jr.  **•••  WIMbeA 
aet  forth  the -ElMMHaort)  ^•*..*aa* 

Jamea  Pllgi  amiBllni  •  IU««trwut«  <  «M»  M  AgvJHf 
with  AnaTyaiTaiid 
U^^ortbeT.kk 
•-.    l  ..-      •    i 

4,111 


AMbinffton,  D.  0, 
ToTom^ and  a Mcond  edition  waa 

-todeoto-of 
ibookoTAaMrioM 

1  U  .pbaU  Illark.  waa 

;«k   8^e»";  Jamm   Bmlley 
- 


.     -    . 
Karl  P.     of 


riMMN^WMl  mfUl  by   ' 
«hjtlM*»  ef  tb«  Uw  ^  I 
.   Iwa. 


a^^HBiira  a  voii 

-Bmb 


M-l,m    I   .     •-.     "         - 

R&yJ«teradiMtl1>lB«bi 

.^.«-,    and  -flluMrativo    Ca«ea  upon 

•'   ii    i:        •'•-':   .      . 

Tr^tkaoo  BqwJ|y  Practice  in  PennnyUania,"  by  F. 

-ter.  and   Vol.  1   wa*  aent  to  Miea  of 

pBqmty  in  Pnmaylvanm,*  by  Kllie  AOMB 


A.  Kay  i  Hi  III  i  iU  ml 
Ctotiara  oT  riwegbt- 

SW5£yBSfSG3 


106 


LITKUATURE,  AMKKK  AN.  IN    1895. 


..:  «•  -n  the  Law  of  Doni. 

—       .  ..r.      K  .  •   ,-.:       v        i:..       •    .-    •     ;    .        .h,d 

\\illiaiuT.  N.-U-n  "A   Treatise  ..n  the 
Law  of  Divorce  and  Annulment  of  Marriage 
volume*.    -The  Legal  Status  of  Married  W,,m, -n  in 

V  '•    .     ..-    -.  •    •    ••:        .    (..     r.-.     A.  "    l.rn-t. 

waa  published  by  the  Woman  Suffrage  Aa*> 

tenor  and  General  Lai  .-ing  to 

Public  Land*,"  edited  by  8.  V.  Proudlit.  covered  the 

:h-  fp.m  July  t«>  Dec. 

Hall  gave  an  M  Outline  of  Uie  Infringement  of  Taunts 
f..r  Invention*,  not  Designs,"  baaed  solely   on  the 
opinions  of  the  Supreme  <'--un  of  the  Inited  States; 
and  Francis  M.  \>r;,-ht  sent  out  "  Wright's  Annual 
Index  of  Patent  Practice,  1894."    other  in 
works  were  -  A  Treatise  on  the  Law  ..f  Marine  Colii- 
Speneer;  the -Law  of  Natural 
•'  •  he  United  State*  of  America,  and  <.t 
Oonntrie*,"  by  Prcntis*  Webster:  a  second  edition  ,,f 
"The  Law  of  Building  Aw 

abilities  ol  v, 

.,     •      ::  •     :.i«  Dtaon  :  and  Vol.  II  of u Mad 
ical  Jurisprudence,  Forenaic  V  1  >xicol- 

ogy,*M  thaus  and  Tracy  C.Becker.   "  The 

Law  relating  to  the  Production  ami  Inspection  of 
Book*,  Paper*,  and  Documents  in  Pending  Cases" 
was  the  subject  of  an  address  delivered  by  Thomas 
J.  Sutherland  before  the  Illinois  State  Association. 
Vola.  XXVII  and  XXVIII  appeared  of  th.  --Ameri- 
can and  English  Encyclopaedia  of  La\s."  compiled 
under  the  editorial  MDaTTiafM  of  Charles  F.  Williams, 
by  David  S.  Garland,  as  well  us  Vols.  X  I.  V  I.  X 
and  XLVIII  of  "American  and  Entrlish  Corporation 
Caaea » and  Vol*.  LI X,LX,*nd  LXI  of  tt  Am. 

.'lish  Rail  road  Cases,"  both  edited  by  William 
-..I  III  of  "A  Digest  of 

Railway  Decisions,"  embracing  all  the  cases  ir,,,,,  the 
earliest  period  of  railway  litigation  to  the  present 
time  in  the  United  States,  En-land,  and  Canada, 
were  the  work  of  Stewart  Kapalje  and  William  Ma.  k. 
and  Vol.  II  was  issued  of  "  American  Street-Rail wav 
Decision*,"  edited  by  Charles  A.  Richardson  and 
Alfred  J.  Hook.  Vol*.  X  and  XI  of  A. 
Railroad  and  Corporation  Reports"  were  published. 

.-art  of  Decisions  and  Precedent*  of  th.   - 

uae  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States, 
relating  to  their  Power*  and  Privileges  respecting 
their  Members  and  Officers,"  by  Henry  II.  Smith. 
came  from  the  Government  Printing  Office  at  Wash- 
ington. The  tenth  annual  volume  of  the  "  General 
Dim*  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Principal  Courts  of  the 
.-••:••/  •  i.  md  Cajaada*  was  raoeifed. 
ea  well  aa  VolaTXXXl  ,-rican 

State  Report*."  ed 

•f  -  Federal  Case*,*1  Books  XX  V  to  X  X  \  1 1 1 
of"  Lawyers'  Report*,"  and  the  annual  "  American 
Digest**  for  1816,  as  well  as  the  various  "  Reporters  " 
•tries  and  -  Report*  "  of  the  several  States.  Austin 
Abbott  prepared  *  A  Digest  of  New  York  Statutes 
and  Reports  from  Jan.  1, 1894,  to  Jan.  1, 1895,"  a  third 
edition  waa  made  of  "A  Treatise  on  the  Common 
Law  of  the  State  of  New  York,"  and 
ication*  of  sectional  value  may  be  mcn- 
-fetfftona  to  the  Code  of  Virginia,"  by  Abram 
C.  Eby ;  -Civil  and  Criminal  Codes  of  Practice  and 
prior  to  Kentucky. 


i..,i,  i> 


5»  «*ee,  etei,  by  Hon.  Joshua  Bullitt : 
•rSiimne  and  Appellate  Court*  Decisions  » 
j^n*,by  WiaflerPeteraonjand  Vol.  II  of -A  Digest 
of  UufteeWone  of  the  Supreme  Court  "  of  Kanaaa. 


Supreme  Court  "  of  Kansas, 
"  The  AMessprX  Collector's,  and 


*«  by  Will  Lring  met  manv 
The  tenth  annual  iasue  of  -  Storyi 
far  18t6  weaiasued.  a*  well  as  «  Boyer's 
T  "  «nd  HubbelP.  -  Legal  Directory  " 

fioka  for  young  people  continued  tn  be 
during  1896,  and  on 
of  authors  who  have 


maturer  minds.      At   their  head  wn- 

Burnett,   \\ith    < 
Little  Pilgrims'  Progn- 
ful "  u'. 

of  "Sweet   Willia:  harmed  childic 

with  "  A  Child  of 

toll  published  "  Jack    !'. 

l-iirhliiu:  !•  • 
"Quarterdeck  an- 1  •   title  of 

•.    by   Molly    KlHut    Seawell  ;   "II.  It)  T 
American    II 

and  Theodore  Kooscvelt.  while  -The  Kni^'l 
•rth,  was  a  ta 

fortunes  of  Lafavette.    For  boys  t- 
Watch  1 
Colonial  Boya,"a*ton  ol  tin-  -aim-  i<.  ,..,i.  i, 

:,linsoii.in  the  -  War  -itio 

ami,  from   the   same   author.  -  'i 
'  ami  "Tl.. 

•  tain  .b.hi.  I'ranc. 
by  Thoma 

-  A   Lieutenant  at  Eighteen,"  'J  vol 
and  the  (Jray      <  '• 
ams  i  <  Hiver  Optic  i  ;  "  <  hilhowee  Boys 

' 

.1.   Henderson,  the  author 
Boys."     Klbridire  >    Bra  lu  sket 
"Great  Men's  Sons*1  fi 
also  narrate<l  the  hist-  : 

Ib.ward  I'vle  told  -'I  .  Ba^H 

i  ortunes "  and  also  a  j 

M  behind  t:  lustratiii)}  botli  voluinet 

.:  ;  Maurice  Thompson  de>. 
.n  a  stor\  of  Florida  town  and  t-.rest.ai, 
1'eiidleton  carriexl  his  two  youthful  heroes  : 
excitiiiL'  a<lvetitures  -In  the  <  >kefcnokee.n    *^^^H 
the    K.-d    FhiL'."  I'.v    Fdward   Kiii^' 
ventures  of  t\so  American   b..\s  in  th. 
Commune.     Annie    Fellows  Johnston,  1 
r  Kentu.-l.  . 

Little   Colnnel."   and    "  Jo»-l  :    A    I. 
story  of  the  time  of  Christ :  and  Mrs.  Laura  E.  Biev 
ards  published"  Nautilus,"  "Hilde. 
and  ".lim  of  Hellas.1' 

Lamp/'  by  Allx-rt  Stearns,  was  illustrated  bf^^H 
nald  Birch  and   F    I'..   B.-n-ell.   and  '   I 
Anton  "  was  a  sequel  : 

by  A.  (J.  I'lymj.ton.  who  also  wrote- A  Bu«l  • 
ise,"  ab  a  warning  to  ambitious  parent.^.  Jan 
(James  <*tis  Kaler)  was  unusually  prolific,  nend^B 

OUt  "Wood     Isla-  '  *• 

Tommy  saved  the  Barn."  ".brr- 

Boys  of  1745  at  the  Capture  of  Louisbourg/1  *^B 

.Jordan's  Escape  from  the  Massacre  at  1 

ML!  -Neal  the  Miller:  A  Son  of 

last  in  the  series  of  "Stories  of  American  HistOH* 

"  The  Young  Cascarillero,"  a  story  of  kirk  hun^^H 

lador  forests,"  by  Marlton  Downin 
nel  Thorndike'n  Adventures,"  by  Harr\   W.  i  rdich. 
were  bound  together  in'  one  volume,  and  d< 
many  a  boyish  heart.    Familiar  wr  *<-n 

ented:  Willis  Boyd  Allen  I 
Ilunu-rs,"  whom  he  carried  to  Alaska;  Harr\ 
mon  (Charles  A.  Fosdick)  by  "  Flam  Storm,  the  \s  oil 
er"and  "The  Missing  Pocketbo* 
by  "At  War  with  Pontiac**  and 
Sledges,"  the  last  a  sequel  t..- The  Fur  Seal's '1 
andWilliam  ().  Stoddanl  I 
"<'humlcy's  Post,"  the  last  a  st' 
trail.    Hon.  told  of  Oliver  Conrad'* 

fight,  "Adrift  in  :  Charles  (. 

told  of  the  success  of  "  Ken 
and  from  Edward  S.  Ellis  came  t. 
radcs  True,"  "  Jack  Midwood. 
ductor"  in  the  "  Through  on  Time  Serie- 
Young  Ranchers"  and  "The  1'ath  in  the  Rav 
the  "  Forest  and  Prairie  Series."    Job  n  'I 
published  but  one  book, "  The  Lor 
girls  there  were  several  pretty  an  >'•' 

Elizabeth  Kniirht  Tompkins  fol.  ••••  --' 

novel  published  during  the  year  witJi  "An  Lnlc*- 


• .  • 


Tb«  K 


V*V."  ; 

ftT 


LITKRATURK,  AM 


,  BttMbeth  Mi*  M.MU*.l»ttlft,i 

wf  -  1'addy  K*»i 

tlittflavorth  I 

M. 


utVaftd  Ml.rr  Marie* ; 
llelea) 


.1     ..:..,  -     | 

True'  Valentine"  to  the  -Ooeajr 

le   eonveraation   that   tiaaiiii  be- 

Sala- 

fooderl.!..!  Kicharda, 

na   M.   KlchanK  J 


Much  com-  of 

wdera  in  thU  pleaMUit  -  Dieaaetinni  Illei 

thfovjrh  ihc  I  nioo,"  plataa  dra«  n  and 
or  contributed  an  in 


waT."  •  fa 


ilboelt,  w»  UltMrmud  by     iiHr 
who  *Uo  contributed  tto    UM  O 


h3  (Minnie  E.  Kenney ).    From  the  name  author    one  Toluene.    Uantto  B.  •>••>••«  M.  l»-  r*efu*e4  •» 
^feared  »:•  I  angled  Web,  and    -  IntenMtkMeJ  Syeteai  of  IDartM^brnMaai  •  aV 

etter  TaJ»^  and  ••  1  a- ,   •    »,.r  httle  firia  there    atartattei.  general  wmaMmm*  aa4  ey^etiaVe*. 

uiuaJef  Pull  liiiiM  ^li»\eaa 
sun    Cl^ie»a.Keeiwaa<er.»Klii>M  TlMMyaalerf rW 


asr-i'SKJa'SRr: 


A 

for    -Hid 


ilfMlam          Atta4^ttlflh*J        1  ^B^a^fM  * 

I  eWW        JeVvWeVeWeV       •  ^•••^PW 

HtabU     (Ucr.M   I»,Wlbr«lW 


•»»«^«  A  IIV     e>l%4««      BWT       ^  III*     IITUJU  V^P*V    ^»*     W^U^ 

\nnieUurir.   Martha  KPInleybV  C'art«n«ht 

4e%  Journey  on  Inland  W.trr..-     Three  aoetrtfeft  ef  the 

Impoator  *  by  of  Ne«  York  ea  • 


|»U >•!:•): i.l  !».:..    -.•     ' 

:  55 


s-  - 

N  -, 


nderthehtable     «Urr.  M   l> 

,-hir,.lT.J.|.«.»,,    '      •    ."  M        • 

...  .........  .  . 


.  -   ,  ,       •        N 

!7^^^Lom?of  frW- 

autborof-Tan  teCur*9: 

-k    and  Ja. -L  •   Adveattvfva  <*  A 


,*A 


ward   Stratemeyer  told  of  UMT                       ^1*  «*  IH~-  ^  tW  B»«^ 

n   the  -8Mp   and  tMr  r^aWMo  ead  TjreatieMC*  «*»  9f^L5*^ 

Siinariun"  «a.ihe»lory  eaee te aaajy ;  -Tbe  P*W  Xiej.eti.ai. 

Ha  MacNair  Wriffbt:  manir  E»art.  M                       :edy  in  tM«b  «t>J"»"»yJ1 

be-M«rioo»  Voy«r»ar  aerf  W.  Walaaii  Ot^  e«^daredj^tl   ii^  ui^T 


KATl'KK,  AMERICAN,   IN  1895. 


Respiratory  Tract  "of  P.Watson  Willm., 
icoiKt  edition  appeared  of  the  "Manual 


MI-.  published  « Clinical  Lectures  on  the  Preven- 

:        •  .    •     •:•.-...-    .-•'.  tattoo  wm  mad.  of 

1"    .  M    -.'.i  I.:',    •     -,        •    \  :    M.    : 

oated  Inhalations  in  the  Trw 

ii    -  -      -.    M,^,n.».  ••«  itarrhal    Diaeaa«  of  lfa« 

i.         .-•.:•...-•>...    :-„    ",,,,    ..:    .1.    M.  «, 
Carter,  M.  D..  as  wen  M  Noae  and  1 
*•  Respiratory! 

eases  •••  l.y'Albcrt  II.  Buck,  M.  1>      11. nrv 

O.  Pinard,  M.  D.,  was  the  author  of  an  elaborat 

• 

n.l  Pnrtj*  \  "Atlas 

ofthoDtseaaeao/thoM 
M    h      •  Fnlargement  of  the  Prostate:  Its  Tn 
and  Radical  Cure."  came  from  <     u    M 
lin  ;  Henry  Morris  wrote  on  "  Injuries  and  Diseases 
of  the  (trnital  and  I'rinarv  Organs";  James  Nevins 

M    1»  .  and  Frank  H.  M 

joint  author*  "«  "  A  Manual  of  Syphilis'  and  the  Ve- 
nereal Diseases";  M  !>.  advo- 
cate! the  M  Physical,  Intellectual,  and  Moral  Advan- 

-    "Medical  Gynecol 

treatise  on  the  disease  of  women  from  the  standtmint 
of  the  physician,  by  J.  C.  A 

..ecology"  on  the 
'     necofojrv";  Bdmund  H. 

Wilson,  with  the  co-operation  of  Edmund  Lramin/. 
M  1>.  prepared  an  "Atlas  of  the  Fertilization  and 

inesis  of  the  Ovum";  .1.  (lam 
M    f  > .  chose  for  hi*  M. 

uncv,  I^ibor.  and  the  Puerperal  State"  was 
written  by  Egbert  II.  Grandin.  M.  1'  .  and  (..orge  W. 
Jannan.  Nl.  I). ;  and  \s  Df,  M  1- 

tributed  "The   AccoucheurV    Fn  lanual." 

Anna  M.  (talbraith.  M.  !>..  wrote  on  "Hygiene  and 
Physical  Culture  for  Women/'  and  Ainu'-e  Kaymond 
Schroeder  contributed  "  Health  Note**  for  Young 
Wives,"  Henry  Bixby  Hemenway  ^ave  plain  talks 
to  nonprofeasional  readen*  on  ••  Healthful  Woman- 
hood and  Childhood,"  and  .1  1  -iffitlis, 
M.  1> .  told  all  that  was  necessary  for  -  The  < 
the  Baby."  Francis  X.  Dereum.  M.  I).,  edited  "A 
Text-book  on  Nervous  Diseases"  b\  American  au- 
thors; B,  Sachs  wan  the  author  of  a  "  Treatise  on  the 
Nervoua  Diseases  of  (  hildren";  H.  K.  Rachford. 
M  h..  considered  "Some  Physiological  Factors  of 
the  Neuroses  of  Children";  a  nson,  M.D., 
prepared  a  brief  "  Synopsis  of  a  Course  of  Lectures 
on  the  Anatomy,  Physiology,  and  Ilisto -< -hi-mi-trv  <  t 

rvoua  System."  Theodore  B.  Ih-:--p.  M  1>  . 
wrote  on  "  Me  n't  a  1  Physiology,"  especially  in  its  rc- 
latiooa  to  mental  di>«ordcrH,  and  Theodore  KirclihofT. 

,  hied  a  -  Handbook  of  Insanity  "  to  the 
ical  Practiti-  11    I  >.  Noves,  M.  D.,  ed- 

ited -  The  Relation  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye  to  ( , 


in  gualitati  i  and  Medical  C) 

ii  wo*  also  made 


Diseases,"  bv  Max  Kni.-s;    Chalrnc-r  Tn-nti.-.-.  M.  h.. 
wrote  on  -The  Ey«-  in  it*  IMati.-n  to  Health 
FxUard  Jackson^  M.  1)M  consideml  -  St 
iu  I'rsctical 

..IM  T»,..mi~on.  M.  I).,  consideml  -  T 
Dietotkm"  with  special  reference  to  diet  in  disease; 
MTbe  Art  of  Manaae"  formed  the  then        :  .1    11 
Eocles  tre:r 
A.  Rabagliata.  M 

Symptom*  whic-h  Simulate  Disease  of 
Organs  in  Won.:. 
•Mtfvt  Inoculations  in  Infections  l 
nanUwpy,"  by  Oeorge  M.  Sternberg.  M.  D.,  be- 
logg«d   to    the    -Medical    1 
Bbod  8«nun  Therapy  and  A  fr.'.m 

-*»«  K.  Kricger.     -SuggtH. 
and  Asylum  VWu^s"  by  Drs.  John  S.  Hillings  and 


MTbe  Art  of  Manaage"  for 
Kellogg,  M.  D.;  A.  Symomi 
PrwttM  of  Massage^;  and 
•MMMifcr  Smtom*  wh 


•ry  M.  Hunl.  h»1  an  mtr  I  >r.  if.  Weir 

etell;  and  a  new  revised  < 
•5fW».  Tracy's  "Handbook  of  Sanit., 
tion  for  Householders."     Ernest   B.  Hoa£  an<l    IL 
Kahn  «f  r^  rtapoftrible  for  "  Elementary-  Technique 
in  Hii4ology  and  Bacteriology";  Lan^lon  Frothing- 
ham,  M.  D^  for  •  -  Ubr.rau.ry  Outde  for  the  P.. 

I";  and  Charles  Phut  for  -  Laboratory  Notes 


U.    thr    HiMolotri.. 

•>  in  th<-  I  i 

an<t  .l.>i,n  S.  Billings,  to  be  «-"n'i  •  ofl^B 

\oiunu*;  second  • 
"  I'rii. 

iv,"  edm^l 
iin.l   ,1.  \\ 

HiKCOSCS  Of  C).:!..' 

tli.-ir  'I 

Ahilr  l>..ii i   «  l.ar!.->   I1- 
••A  Manual  of  the  MtMleni  Tln-or\  ami    i 

al    AsepshO1      Saiiui<  . 

iujx-ndtuni 

new  fifth  r.lition  nppcarr-1  ol  Man 

ual  of  (  'IM-II  lallv  a-lap1 

pharmat-y  ami  medioii 

author  oi—  A  Manual  • 

I'harmacv,"  and    Henry    K.   Slum 

Handbook  on  Tultercu, 

^derations  of  the  relation  of  the  di>ea>. 

and   life  of  the  human  family  and  of  t! 

ecrninj;   the   u>e  of  ti, 

"  Tin   - 

I'latt  ;  Nathaniel  M  c..n>i.|,  i 

nditioti  in  the  Active  and  > 

tM  s«-t  forth   ••  Tin-  Klrmen- 
A     M.    i 'a\  ;••-  puMir-hcd  "  A    Handl».ok 
I>r.  .1.  c;.  Kcrr  made  a  Krief  plea   • 

\..:.   \\  i  -i  • 

Library  of  the  SIM 

,L'  NV   Y.\ ; 

Poetry.      More  than  tuice  the  amount  • 
published    in    18'.i:>    than    >au    ih.    Ii/ht    in  I.1 
i<M\iou>.      Little   possessed    lasting    value.     u  Last 
Poems"  of  James  KusHcll  Lowell  wen-  cent  t     p.--. 
which,    however,    rattier    di>-a|>i>" 
"Later     I.\ri<->"    \\.r--    M  !.  <-t«l    from    "  M«  ; 

ragedy,"  ••  Wyn.lliam  '1 
"Unguarded  (Jat.-."  u  Thomai  i'. 

nd  Will  Carleton  a>t'.ni>hed  IT;-  ramiliai 

l>\  an  almost  total  ahandonment  of  tin-  • 

"Khyines  of  our  1'lain  : 

by  William  I)ean  llowells.  \ 

d    by    H.-ward     1 '\  [(  ;     "  Tfi«    > 
hertleiw.  and  (Ml..  .-ami-  t'n.m   Mr- 

Fi«-l.l>:  -The    Hawthorn    Tn-.-.  un<)    «>ther    POM0 
from     Nathan     Ha.^kell     Do],-;      »  Fr-.m      !'•          i.lni 
Sent"  was  the  title  of  70  hliort  IKK-MIM  by  Lttp 
Whitinjr.   the    author   of  ••  The    WorM 
"Fact    and     Faiu-\  :     Humorous     I'-.,  in-     \>\     <  i.p;«i 
Jones,"  were  in  reality  written  l>\ 
tfPoenu  "t    Home  anil  Country."  l.y    1 H    Fram-i*  S. 
Smith,  the  author  of  "  America.'1  with  v, 
eluded    his  '  i    Mrl-.di" 

ited  by  Henry  Ii.  ('arrini/ton   in   the   tit 
complete  edition;  It   ;  I  aiwfaf 

•»|.|     were    entitle.!    "  I'i.'tlH 

Camphor,"  anonymom  sliort  |.o»-ms.  were  illu^^^H 

by  Howard  Chandler  Christ  v  ;  Samuel  V 

oontributed  and    Roses":    Mrs.    StfP 

Knowh-  r.olton.uTheIncvilable,and  (•• 

w),ile  Charles  Knowles  Bolt-  >J-r> 

of  Ursula   v- 

plored  "The  Hill*  of  s- 

anls"  were  the  subject 

by  Frank  Bollcs.    "Poems,*1  by 

was  a  notable  volume  from  an  Aim  r 

does  not   depend  upon  any  elan-trap  to  s-. 

audience,  but  writes  poetry  a«  T< 

ell    wrot«   it;    "A   Sea  Mark"  wan  a 

••     Louis    Stevenson,    by    Hi 

edition    limited   lo  50  copies:    and    from   ti 
author  we  had  "  Uefiind  the  Arras:  A  Bex 
bj   T.   i: 

MarriaL'e  of  < 

who  made   also    an    admirable    translation    of  tm 


ICATt  UK,  AMERICAN.  IN 


•UootfaNI  of -Moan*,  aoi    1 

:^i«ft  tUmca  •  »«.  «*ted 
-  c,  Jr.  a* 


Hlat-k 


,   '  •  -        «  •  ' . 

1  *  **  .    *'  Mvl^V  gxa^ai    *vt^WB  •KlflJKJ         J  CM  N4Bp%  Cj  W 

•  • 

: 

-... 

I  _.  kL_W •• 


•  rail.  y<«r.»ai.U>«  tMMi^H^K.iW.^tWM^ 

.    M,.    v.i  ,\    !  ,,..  •    •.•   ,  .   .  • 

.,..,..,],.,         ...  ^^ 

' 


Alk»  B. 

rhn*ux) 

m,-  by 


"  by  Julia  Ann   Woloott:  -The 
u'a  1 1  untintfton  Na*on ;  -  VeffMa,** 
VebofLUV^byAiMmla 
s"   by    Thorn**   Bloat 


;;;•  •::.-:• 

,  !,    ;. ; 

•  -  •  ..  •  - 

,  /  ••   . 

1  WhinV  fh>in 

•  I- 


laniay  -.  an«i  Mary  II.  Ix^marxl. 

tw  and  Mon(a  of  the  s..ut i 

tn\    Dooke)    WIIUM"  vaa  the  prayor 

.    Mr*.    Martha   .1 

•odj-Far^-by 


WOM  Moor*  ta  -  Tb. 

(rotami  to  !•».    »lKo  iC  aa4 

i  •          . 

TtaM§F.MojMlB«k«>£E^-MH 

•CBdka^;  aad  -TW 
ihoVotooftfcoTMrta 

Bttaltlon»  17*7->W'"  b7. 0rtB  <ifml11  u{*2[r**  "*•  w 

teSiOa  OvO  War  ta*iW  Uaitod  «4ato>  of  Aavv 

Mhato** 
'.  fcraafd  « 
teMon 


-  Municipal  ft«~E*U-... 

•  -,         .     v..     .  ,      .. 

Movoaiwa  la  tko  Uaitod  Htotoi 

^har-«,"k«  told*S7wlaa»  ofLa  m  •  UBT 


xbt  with  TMMMMJ-:  -TW  I«*J  ..4«*l  * 
Itr:  AalMyoa  J«d<^**«tWdU»^a 


"  in  rono,  by   Kaiaariao 
.ioli,  by 

..... 


,  ami   Other  ' 

i 
n  FowrthtiT. 

«,"by 

v   Drama  of  the  RovololioB."  V 
va»  an  aUrmpt  tvoaajva  of 

«t  aroonir  the 


IIATURE,  AMERICAN,  IN  1885. 


HUB*      iu  MIV      vvuw    > 

Robert  Ellis  Thompson  wrote  a 

for  High  Schools  and  Academies,"  and  S 

Pattao  delivered  a  lecture  on  "Boon- 

mantary  Schools"  in  the  summer  mooting  of  t 

AiMriMA   Snrtctv    for   tho    Extension  of   Un 


lion"  in  the  "Questions  of  the  Day  Series 
Francis  Walker  on  "  Double  Taxation  in  the  United 

lirtory,  Eco- 
nomkw,  and  Public  Law.-    Roger  Foster  and  Everett 

Federal  Income  Tax  under  the  Act  of  IK 
Lloyd   Bevan   made   a   hi  tidy    in    Knjrlish    i« 

..-:-       i    -  Vi    \\         ..--.    P.  ••;   ".   mi  .    U.   A. 

Wetasl  treated  of  "Benjamin  Franklin  as  an  I 
«~  tollhT- Johnsll.  ,  k,n>  I 

I  .', 
the 

Society  r-r  the   Kxtension  «•: 
faaehinir,  st  Philadelphia,  July  1&  18M.    Benjamin 
Rand  pntared  -  A  Bil.liogr.phy  o?  Eon. 
a  third  edition  was  made  of -Selections  Illustrating 
Economic    History  since   the   Seven  Years1 
Five  papers  read  at  the  seventh  annual  meeting  <>f 
.     ;      •  \--      ..-  on,  [>eo.ft  -•.-.  L8M, 

ware  published  In  book  amc  associa- 

tion published  the  *••»  of  Massachusetts  and 

Vork,"  by  .lobn  Cumrainga.    -  I  D-Au 

•..I  Future  Perils" 

was  a  study  from  the  census  of  1890,  by  Rcna  Mi- 
ll   had    an    introduction    by 

Joseph  Cook :  "Statistics  and  Sociology,"  by  Rid,- 
mood  Mayo  Smith,  formed  Part  I  oft! 
of  Statistics":  John    Basoom   contributed  "Social 
Theon  .-IPs  "Library  of  Economics  and 

Politic-  Laws  of  Social  Evolution,"  I 

Frank:  _rue,  was  a  critique  of  Benjamin 

••a,"  and  a  statement,  accord- 
ing to  the  author, of  the  true  principles  which 
social  progress;  and  u Social  Growth  und  Stability," 
by  D.  Oetrander,  was  a  consideration  of  the  factors  of 
modatn  society  and  their  relation  to  the  character  of 
the  coming  state.  The  seventh  special  report  of  the 
•  •  .  -..-  -  .  .  .  --  :,  r  i  r  Labor,  Bon.  Carroll 


_'ht,  covered  "The  Slums  of  Baltimore,  Chi- 
cago, N  and  Philadelphia":  and  from  the 
same  authority,  in  his  individual  capacity,  we  had  a 
review  of  M  The  Industrial  Evolution  ofttM  United 
.nitau'iua  Reading  Circle  Litera- 
u"  W.  A.  Croffut  addressed  a  memorial  to  the 
United  States  Senate  on  the  labor  question,  explain- 
ing -How  Ever) body's  Wsges  can  be  Doubled." 
loT"  Wealth  and  Waste"  Alphonso  A.  Hopkins  sets 
forth  the  principles  of  political  economy  in  their  ap- 
nttoarinn  to  the  present  problems  of  labor,  law,  and 
the  liquor  traffic:  David  Hilton  Wheeler  portrayed 

-  Our  Industrial  Utopia  and  its  Unhappy  Citizens": 
Frank  Loorais  Palmer  wrote  upon  "  The  Wealth  of 
Labor";  F.  J.  Stirason  delivered  four  lectures  at  the 
Plymouth  School  of  Ethics  on  "  Labor  in  its  Rela- 
tions to  Law"-  Uriel  II.  Crocker  explained  "The 
GauM  of  Hard  Times":  and  John  Yeiscr  considered 

*  Labor  as  Money."    "  The  Way  Out "  of  all  difficul- 
ties, financial,  sociological,  and  ethical,  was  pointed 
by  Moses  Samnelaon.    Of  books  and  pamphlets  on 
•nance    there   was    an    unusual    number    written. 
"Monetary  Systems  of  the  World"  was  a  study  of 
present  currency  systems  and  statistical  information 
relativ.  to  the  volume  of  the  world's  mont-% 

i  abstracts  of  various  plans  proposed  for  the 
of  the  currency  problem,  by  Maurice  L. 
an.  Deputy  Assistant  Treasurer  of  the  United 
JNatas,  New  York ;  Alexander  Del  Mar,  M.  E.,  pub- 
lbb«d  a  "  History  of  Monetary  Systems 
gas  and  Practice  of  Finance"  were  set  forth  by 
Edward  Carroll,  Jr.;  Arthur  I.  Fonda  recommended 
•  for  securing  "Honest  Money";  Hen- 
:elson  demonstrated  "The  Money  we 
!?  «*•  *Q««st»oiiB  of  the  Dsy  Series*  ap- 
•  JUal  Bimetallism,"  by  Everett  P.  Wheeled; 
I  Matalliam."  by  Anson  Pbelps  Stokes,  in  a 
eolanr*d  edition;  "Congressional  Currency," 

•SPV*?*  Fad<7ml  mooey  •**»».  by 
C.  Gordon;   and   "A  Sound   Currency   and 
Of  System :  How  it  may  be  Secured,"  by  Allen 


Ripley  Foot*.    Horace  White  publ 
Banking  i. 

Finances  of  the  United*  > 
Especial  Reference  to  the   I 
Bullock,  waa  a  bulletin  of  tl.. 

Canadian  Bankii. 

William  C.  Cornwall  coi 

the  Banking  La« 

reference  to  cunvi 

new  edition  was  issued  of  Samuel  : 

Ul  and  their  Kclation  to  tl  . 
lem  of  Resumption,"  published  in  : 
Monetary  System,"  proposed 
1848,  was    also    revived.     Arthur 

•n    of  the    Mom  N 
Ville     I- 

iiimetalliMii  "  ;   Charle- 
chard  mad* 

Finance";  Ignatius  Donnelly  discussed ' 

c"  discussed  the  lessons  learned  in  William 
II.  Harvey V  .,<,!"  an,l 

^••hool   up  to  DoUv'  which 
viewed  in  "  Coin  at  School  in  i 
Robert;  "Sound 
Charles   II.  Sergei;   "Cash   ML  Coin,"    by    I 

:   "Bast  oncd,"  by  Silas ^^H 

Money;  "Coin's  Financial  Fool,"  by  Horace 
an<l  "Facts  about  Money,"  by  J.  Lawrence  Lai^^^H 
which  included  the  debate  with  W.  11.  I 
Illinois  Club,  Chicago,  May  17, 185«">.    <  >th.-r  | 
tions  on  the  much  vexed  silver  question 

• 

Whatr*  l.y'W.  Ii.  Mit, 'hell;   -'I: 
)>v  Murut  Halsteatl ;  and  u  The  Monetary  Star 
P.  Peters.  use  Maps  ai 

pere"  was  a  presentation  of  nationalities  and  wagSJ 
in  a  congested  district  of  < 
and  essays  on  problems  growin-r  out  «>l  tl.' 
conditions  by  resident.-*  of  Hull  House,  a 
ment  at  No.  335  South 
uThe    Poor    in    (in  at    Cities:    Tl. 
What  ia  doing  to  solve  them"  were  the  then 
volume  by  Robc-r 
Riis,  and   otlie^.    "  American  <'l 
cussed  by  Prof.  Amos  (J.  Warner  in  "  < 
brary  of  Economics  antl    Politics."  another 
which  \va>  "  Punishment  and  li.-forma' 
t/jrical  sketch  of  the  rise  of  the  pt-nitei.- 
by  Frederick  Howard   Wines.     Arthur 
made  a  sociologic  and  scientific  stu<ly  ol 
Woman";   Charles    Conpens    p" 
Text-book  of  Moral  Phuosot.hv  "  ;  .Ian 
analyzed  u  The  Element 

examined  the  "  Kthical  System  of  .James  Mart 
in  the  "  Columbia  College  Contrib  I'liiloso- 

phy, Psychology,  u  on*] :  and 

Conditions  of  Survival"  was  the  title  Lriv 
lectures  and  discussions  before  the  Brooklyn  I 
Association.      Kdward  Kverett  Hale  toM  "l   much  U) 
be  seen  on  the  bright  side  of  life  in  -  If  .h*i. 
to  Boston." 

Publications  of  the  Am«-ri. -an  A- 
and  Social  Science  included :  >  i          .  > 

tion  in  the  Social  Sciences,"  by  Arthur   I     I 
"The  Social  B^ 

A.  .lenks;  " State  Sup. 
John  R.  Commons;  "The  Custody  of  State  I 

K.  Buckley;  "  Wieser's  Natural  Val« 
David  I.  Green ;  u  Industrial  Services 
ways" 'and  "Railway  Departmei 
and  Insurance  of  Employees,"  by  Kmor\ 
"Uniform  State  Legislation,"  br  Frederu  k  .1.  Stim- 
son;  "The  Minimum  Prinrij»l«  in  the  Tariif 
and  its  Recent  Revival,"  by  S.  I',    H.-.r-linj? ;  M^^H 
and   Bonk  Credito  in  the  United  States,"  br^^^H 
W.  Williams :  "  Sources  of  American  Fedcrali- 
William  C.  Morey:  "The  Break-up  of 
Party  System,"  by  Edward  Porritt ;  u  Pacific  Railway 


olburo ;  -  Terminology  UM!  UM    Mmd  by  §MMtal 


VM  lur  |IM.««  tW  MM 


|  >«VW»CnadcnOO  bHW« 


0Lov«U 

;'  .• 


What  Shall  \v 

or  enirruiiiti 

t»n  Cluf»dtt.MM  in 


in 
DwW 


•hfj     A-umul,  •!«?«•  numUr  of  work*  w 

WHM    faltinif    in 


»:.     I 


li,.  m«*w 

SHr* 


i  of    naiuml 

. 


Y. 


Mtn*  W 


11  ^^.- 

W,..t~i  II 

Nrft«  to  g^<» 

v..  k,,..i,.«         -  -:.-...,.,».  .r  »-»•-.      ;  • 

hrWm  rrl^cKj  to  tMr    Mwpliy  lilM|in 
•BMrin  •      r      !-. 

•:.»  titW  fi»««  I*  • 

ruth  MiafiV     bj  Dr.  FU 

A 


EUTUBB,  AMEBICAN,  IN   1805. 


:>ie  Law  of  Universal  Life"  was  a 
discourse  upon  Paul'*  rlo^ium  on  character  by  Dr. 

•  ichiman:  Dr.  George  Dana  Boardman  pub- 
lished a  dissertation  on  •  .th  chanter  of  the 
First  Bpbtle  to  the  Corinthian-,  entitled  «  «  omnation 
of  Love " ;  from  Dr.  Adoniram  Judaon  Gordon  wo 
had  '•The  Ministry  <>f  the   Spir-  Christ 
oame  to  Church."  a  spiritual  autobiography,  whioh 
was  accompanied  with  a  biographical  sketch  and  in- 
..........         •.••..:..    \    i 

Pltfwm ;  *  Riaen  with  Christ,"  an  address  on  the  res- 
arrscUoa;  and  a  abort  pamphlet  <>n  -  K!. menu  of 
Christian  Character"  "Christ  and  His  Friends"  waa 

.-  of  a  aeries  of  revival  sermon*  l.y  Dr.  Louis 
Albert  Banks,  who  al*o  published  another  volume  of 
temperance  revival  discourses,  "  The  Saloonkeeper's 
Udjnr,n  to  whin.  ,  .re  L.  Cuyler  furnished 

anintrodj*  Heavenly  Trail. 

collection  of  Si  sermons.  Rev.  J.  F.  Love  edited 
-The  Southern  Baptist  Pulpit";  Dr.  James  D.  Bur 
rell  preached  "  The  Spirit  of  the  Age,  and  Other  Ser- 
mons"; from  J.  W.  McGarvey  we  had  "Sermons 
delivered  in  Louisville,  Kcntuckv.  June  September, 
ItH,*  while'  !.- Triumphs 

of  the  Cross"  in  a  large  octavo  volume  of  700  pages, 
with  upward  of  800  woodcuts,  to  which  special  con- 
tributions were  made  by  Kdward  Kvt-r.-tt  Hale,  Theo- 
dore L.  Cuyler,  Alexander  McKenzie,  Bishops  Hunt- 
ingtnn  and  V  r  Dorchester,  Gen.  Booth.  Dr. 

Park  burnt,  Joseph  Cook,  and  others.  The  seventh 
aeries  of  "  Sermons,"  by  Phillips  Brooks,  was  edited 
by  Rev.  John  Cotton  Brooks.  Dr.  J.  R.  Miller  sent 
oat  S  books, tt  Life's  Byways  and  Waysides,"  "  The 
Blessing  of  Cheerfulness,"  and  "  Family  Prayers  for 
Thirteen  Weeks";  Horatio  W.  Dresser  dwelt  at 
length  upon  "The  Power  of  Silence";  and  K.  II. 
Kellar  gave  "  Lessons  in  Soul  Winning,"  with  special 
reference  to  house-to-house  vi- nation.  Dr.  G.  M. 
Grant  considered  "Religions  of  the  World  in  Rela- 
tion U>  Christianity"  in  the  "(Juild  Text-books"; 
I>r.  William  Elliot  Grittta  collected  into  a  volume 
lectures  delivered  on  the  Morse  foundation  upon 
"The  Religions  of  Japan  from  the  Dawn  of  History 
to  the  Ere  of  Mciii  "  :  and  Edward  Wash  burn  Hop- 
kins contributed1* The  Religions  of  India"  to  the 
series  which  it  initiated  of  "  Handbooks  on  the  His- 
tory of  Religions."  edited  by  Morris  Jastrow,  Jr.  In 
the  "  National  Church  History  Series,"  we  had  "  The 
Church  in  America,"  by  Bishop  Leighton  Coleman; 


editions  were  issued  of  "  Christianity  in 
the  United  States  n  and  *«  rrii«  i>»»»v.i«m  nfVfn\\<,\n,ia 


ruff^Shiel 


The  Problem 

i"  by  Dr.  Daniel  Dorchester;  Charles  Wood- 
Shields  published  essays  upon  "The  United 
Church  of  the  United  Stales";  "Christ  and  the 
Church"  were  the  theme  of  lectures  delivered  at 
Chautauqua,  July  5-li,  1894,  by  different  writers,  to 
which  Dr.  Arnory  H.  Bradford  contributed  an  intro- 
doetion ;  Bishop  William  Stevens  Perry  added  to  his 
Ion/ list  of  works  on  Chun-h  history14  The  I 
pate  in  America":  "The  Historical  Position  of  the 
Episcopal  Church  "  was  denned  in  a  brief  paper  by 
Bev.  Francis  J.  Hall;  2  volumes  appeared  in  the 
"American  Church  H'mtnrv  Scries,*'  one  containing 
the  "History  of  the  PresbvUrian  Chun-hes  in  the 
United  Htatw,"  bv  Dr.  Robert  Ellin  Thompson,  and 
the  other  "A  History  of  the  Reformed  Church. 
Dtteh:  The  Reformed  Chu- 

Moravian  Church  in  the  Tnitcxl  States,"  by  E.  T.  Cor- 
•  D.  J.  II.  Dubba,  D.  DM  and  J.  T.  Hamilton. 
•raabnerian  System"  was  explained  by  Rev. 
William  IL  Roberta;  -Addresses  delivered  at  the 
Century  Anniversary  of  the  Reunion  of  the 
S^1*001  Preabytorian  Churches. 

^  MV  »•  'ws. 

^n)   Patton.  Dr.  Henry  Matthias  Booth,  and  Wil- 
ft?  t?- J!^?5»  wei*'   collected  into  a   volume; 
11  •rE?l5d  <*  "Annals  of  Trinity  Church, 
•wport,    Rhode    Island,"    bv    (j^nre    Champlin 
itr^25?W?l|rJ!leiirork;  f'harlw  H.Corey  wrote 
-torjr  of  the  Richmond  Theological  Seminary." 
with  r.miminn.uM  of  thirty  years'  work  among  the 


colored  people;  and  William  I'.  White.  D    1 
piled  and  edited  "The  Presbyterian  Church  in  Phila- 
delphia," giving  a  camera  and  p« -n  >kct.-!i 

church  and  iiiMitution.     "  The  rein 

Civil  (M.vernment  in  the  I  nit-d  Stati- 

bv  Isaac  A   ' 

church    luit    not    without    a   religion;   William    Prall 

delivered  serm»n-  upon  "  Civic  Chi 

•  .>ntril>uted  an  introduction  rcturen 

•ical  <  'hri-' 
NNill.i. 

:iej:e;    Dt  •  r, 

preached  a  sermon  which  \\a-s  puMishe.. 

',.•  Church's  Opp,,rtun 

' 

article  l.y  I',i-hop  Frederick  D.  Iluntin-1 
from  the  "  Forum."  und  "The  ci 
political   vi-ion   of  Christ,   wax  the    th< 
•y   Dr.  George  I>.  Herr..n.     An •>. 
Cardinal)    Francis   Satoin   N>okc   ..n 

Church    and    State "  ;  lectures    deliver. 

HUM. ices  ..f  the  Church  C|ul»  of  N. 

"The    liiL'htH   and    Pn-teii^i.-ns  of  the    : 

were  l.onnd  t«.iMher;  and  .lohn  S.  Hitt.  I 

US  as  to  "The  Spirit  of  the   I'ai.acy."     Dr 

Christian   asked   "  Am- •  'A  hieh  C 

"  Chronology  of  the  S 

was  the  work  of  Alice  N.  Townscnd.    V . 

Oractz's  "  History  of  the  Jews  "  was  tiul.li 

ing  down  to  1870  c.  K..  tr'>m  1648;  Josephine 

rUS,  a  si-tcr  of  the  L'it'ted   p..ete».   made 

persecution  in  "  The  Spirit  of  Judaiso 

hen   <-ompiIed   "  Keadin^>   and    1: 

M    Homes  and   Sch<><>. 

turc  belong  "  A  Hundred  Years  of  Missions," 
Delavan  L.   Leonard:  indi  of  the 

from  the  Old  to  the  New,"  a  sketch  of  n 
Pacific,  l.y  Hev.  .lam.-s  M.  Alexander;  "Mode 
sions  in  the  Kast,"  l.y   KM  ward  A.  Lawrence 
with  on  introduction  by  Dr.  Kdward  T 
sions  at  Homo  and   Abroad,"  papers  ; 
presented  at  the  World's  Congress  of 

-98,  compiled  bv  Dr.  K.  M.  Wh.r 
quois  and   the  .Joints."  l.v   Dr.  Thomas  D< 
"  Indian  and  White  in  the  S'orthwest."  by  Re 
Palladino;  "The  Minute-Man  on  th 

\V.  (J.  1'uddcfoot ;  nml  a  second  h. 
Miracles  of  Missions."  ».y  Dr.  Arthur  T 
pnbllahed  also  4>  Le--. n>  in 
Taught  by   the    Lord    .!<•- 

;  to  character,  en 

duct    Joseph   Merlin   Hod.son  d 
on  the  resurrection  from  the  text  "With  whn 
ner  of  Body  do  they  Come  ? "    "  The  Lambi 
Fold"  was  a  consideration  of  the  r«-lat: 
to  the  Church  und  their  projn-r  Christian  nurl 
Dr.  John  Thompson,  a  subject  which  v. 
forth   in  u The  Children,  the  church,  and  th 
rnunion,"1  l.y  Hev.  Charles  Cuthl.ert  Hall:  He 
H.  i.-hel   a-ked  "  What  shall   I  tell  the 
Marv  Foot 

Vouriir  I'eoi.lein  Questions  and  At 

•  ur  Houghton  toKl  ,,(•••  Air 
and  Others  whom  ,]<-~\i*    loved." 
Jesse Lyman  Hurll.ut  and  Hobert  I. 
prepared  "IlluHtrativ. 

"fthe  Sunday-schoi.l  lessf.r. 

:i_rgested  "  Ways  of  Working 
otticers  and  teachers:  M 
was  a  symposium  of  Sunday-school  tea< 
/4ird  wrote  for  "Home  Classes" 
In  "The   Fi^hin'.Iimmy  Club"  Dr.  .!•  ' 
made  a  brief  contribution  to  cvan.- 
8.  G.  Wilson  pu 
Sermons."    Vol.  VIII  of  the  M-.-.,nd  >..  ; 

Library  of  Nicenc  an 
edited  by  Dr».  Philip  S<-hatf  ami  Her, 
tained  the  "  I.ett<  r>  and  Select  Works 
"  Church  Harmonies  New  and  Old  "  were  edi 
Charles  R.  Tenney  and  Leo  H    I. 
Stuart  Mac  Arthur  found  "  Quick  Truths  in  Quaio 


1'UK.  AMERK  A' 


< 


.  •       v.  .    v  •     •    \-     ...-:-...      •      • 

•illtxi    ii   .lu 


IU   Of    1 

Hit  • 


•ri- 


.1    •  :.    \ 


A     •     A  • . 

'. 


uacad  the  growth. 

•  ftn»- 


of  the  United 
appeared  of"  Yankee 

hUMbj&l 
•  VtM&ft- 


Ml«iMA*« 
to  «C  CMalag. 
il  CWlvwtf 

tkai  t»  *  FliN^f^ky.  Attfadt  «U        •<•*• 
Btl  JUf^U*  wttnTaii  tW  linl  |»»l.yrt^. 
pit*,  and   pwChw  oT  »OBIMI  W.*  tM«i 

SlSooof  •  •  Pmrtk^ Tf^ifa.  «•  iWMii   7>  nil 


• 


WMMr,of»Omiiiaajto* 
Maude  wrote  "Military  Lr 

lafrrtij*  edited  by  KlcharU   I*.   K-ih 

rr'pami   a  prmrtlcal   handbook  of 
•tMttomk   N' 
V«ouUt...n  of  M.nr.";  and  John  K   Ii 
^•*»l  lnd»UT  of  8o«Uw«»t 

IUMO  in- 
rtfMill  -  The   K.!tr»i,..n   -f   Public   Water  8vp. 

.».    _    --  -LmiJ  ^4Wt>ML  vitll  MUMIla* 

irnlTSfe  i  :;- 


lor  Gaidaninf.*    Oeatyv  W.  Marthi  iic»  •»  *  !•*•* 


•nd  A«*d«n»  far  «*4«Va^  -  W 


*«— *~         rr**l5rat 

•^ti*Jw 

Jndldil  M«nkr  W  Mary  I  *    «•« 

TO  UM  aMlMT  ef  an  •  AjfMtenl  CabttaW*  ami  a 


tiirnf-mrrv  ^t  -M.rrWr«»J 

CarpMtt^Mb-  MM.! 

•lin*ai»a<rt,  r-» 

«tin«  R«iUiin«Kn    W.  M.  PMton  «••  ih«  MMbar  o^  ZirUt  »»  tW 


JtapJilibl*    AIM  W.  dnk*  eoa> 


' ;:.1'    • 

^S 


UN 


I.ITKKATURE,  AMBBICAN,  IN   18W. 


nlored  the  »  Science  of  the  Soul  " :  and  -  The  Secret  of 

Mankind" was  revealed  through  an  unknown  tourcc, 

.   :    .,        .!.;     •:    Lh«    I    ID*  M.r.  017 

MIT  of  a  Time:  or, 

alines*  of  the  Time*  aodjiad1*  «MM  from 
CharK-    \  «nd  -Mm   Hamlin   Dewey. 

M   I'.  •Offested  "The  New  Testament  <>e<-ultism." 
<>r  iiiinKJe-woridiif  power  Interpreted  as  the 
M  occult  ana  myrtle  science     -  Tlu-  I'hil.^.t.l.v  of 

—  r.  uiid  "Mollie 

Kn-'iklvn  U.Dai- 

ley,  may  be  clashed  together.    James  Mean* 
"The  Aeronautic.,  MO  l»urlimr 

v.  •      .  •    .      'J  ...  •  '    En  '..;  i.-  "  :   N    T,  Olivet 

compiled  -  Lee^  Priceless  Recipe*,"  which  met  wai.i- 
in  every  department  ol 

'Condensed  Cyclopaedia,"     Important 

•  ii  ,,f  -The 

•  i;     .  .     :._-;•  bj  A.Growoll;  the  "An 
«M,  UM":   Pan  I  of  the 
.  ma,  ;-•.•" 


»  aulosrue,  1890-189S.  A  II; 

*ListS  of  Books   f«r   tiirU    and    Women    and    their 
M,ted  M  Hdt  and  George 

;     ^  •-•      !•.,;.•     l.i-t      A!,!,;..,:     Jbff 

lt.N,k-l'riee>  Current." 

compiled  by  Luther  S.  \nt)u:il 

Literary  I  ndex,18W,"  prepared  ».y  William  I.  Kl.-i.-li«-r 
and   R.    R.   Bowkt-r;    "Tlu-    KiiL'li>li    < 
Books  for  18Mn;  a  "Lint  of  Subject-Headlngs  for 
Use  in  Dictionary  Cataloffuw71  drawn  uj»  !•> 
mittce  of  tl. 


-:  •  \  Biblkfraphj  of  Texas,"  by  0,  w. 
Raines;  William  K.  BalchV  "Complete  Compendimn 
of  rniversal  Knowledge";  and  "  Appleton'*  Annual 
.cdia  and  Register  of  Important  Kvento  of 
th'e  Year  18i»4."  -  llar|>cr's  Book  of  Fa.-t.-."  compiled 
by  Joseph  II.  WUIsey  and  edited  l.y  charlt-.n  T. 
Lewi*,  embraces  science,  literature,  and  art,  brought 
down  to  the  close  of  the  year  1894. 

Voyages  and  Travel*.     No  )««  than  three  .1 
works  upon  u  Con»tantinople  "  were  published  during 
19M.     That  •       -\enor.t.y   far  the 

most  elaborate,  wa»  in  two  volume.-,  contain; 
illustrations  and  had  an  introduction  l>\    <••  n.  Lew 
Wallace,    The  fact  that  the  author  formerly  lield  the 

in    the 

city  of  which  he  writes  with  enthusiasm   titled   him 
peculiarly  t"  \vhieh  IM-  undert<K.k. 

rion  Crawfor  -antinoplc"  wan  illuMratcd  (>y 

Kdwin  Ixml  -  us  the  citv  of  to-day; 

while  Mm.  Clara  Fr-kmc  Clement  (n« 

icr  Uie  historv  of  "  Con»tanti- 


Wair-  torv 

the  Sultan*."  in  her  volume  uni- 
form with  those  she  has  given  us  on  Naples  and 
Venice.  Richard  Hani  -a*  interesting:  a* 

About  PaiW  Charles  Dana  Gibson  supplying 
bin  illu»trstifin».  while  Conntance  Fenimore    Wool- 
son's  sketches  of  M  Mentone,  Cairo,  and  <  <Tt  i 
welcomed  in  thin  coll.  Isat.d    F: 

-I  dvKribed  her  M  Russian  Rambles11: 
tersof  s  Baritone.  ker.  told  of  Italy 

as  well  as  art  life,  and  Charles  Godfrey  Lelat 
dunning  a*  of  old  as  "Han-  Bre.Uiiann  i- 
"•any— Tyr 

he*  and  Cables  of  Median-si  France11;  Caro- 
le White  .-(.P.,,     ,      -    \   Holiday  in  Spain 
aivl   Norway";  -In  the  Lat,  ,,e  and 

Other  PWunible  Kxcursion-        Finland  "  came  to 
a*  frmn  W'Htiarii  II    1:  -li   and 

M«e  Bells "ftom  Will. 

The  Mediterranean  Tr  rar>  Land- 

marka  of  Juraash m "  were  e\pl 
Hatton.    Two  Tohnn«  contain  -  My  En'rU  Tn.yeU 


rra   del    Filetfo    and     I' 
ihe  "  Hill  « 

•,'vllt      Mlllil...  liter     1     iilitlit 

'      • 

.  •  ..ii."  "  uu: 
\va.s   a   Mill. 

.lapan.  fr»in    the  fa.-vinatiiiir   |"  n  <-I    1.;, 
an.l    II  .in  n:  u\*"  • 

Time 

ali<l  K.l\\ 
Oriental    «• 

\\a»  a  haiuUoiiic  voli, 

-i:in  l.ii'-  and  i  u-t'>iii-  "  ii  veum1  rej^^^H 

in  that  <-«untiy  a>  a  IN. 

vilK-  RockhilPs  • 

golia  and  TiU-t  in  1891  and  i 

the  Smiths«'iiian  Institution,  under  \\\ 

partly,   he   made   the   fame.     <  her.hr    Ii 

I  IK-    K'-nl  Chinaman'*  att.-r  a  rcei- 

"t    many    year>    in    that    ••"iinti\     a-    .>,<-,<. 

edition  u..  !  >r.  Wt 

lia'm  Hutlet'  1  of  the  \  • 

1^71  :  "  <  Mi  India'.-  Frontier;  or.  Nepal.  •• 

often    olitaitied   ut    ^rreat    r.-k    i«\    tli<    :•. 
Hallantiiie.  Amerieaii  eoiir-ul  to*Bombn> 

.i-j-ia."  tin  '-.  all  il    ].r.-v- 
•illy    Fran 
Titlaiiy.  COI  ;i\    impn•^^. 


our  bvnent  by  Henn  M.  Stanley  :  Frank  Yii, 
Ppfted  a  tow  of  exploration  .     ..,]  Africa;  or. 

The  <  <miinff  Continent."    John  R.  8pearn  in -The- 
OsU-niMlM.  rf  r.,-.  n>rn  -  IIiadt.  a  8tu<1}.  of  Uf 


ii'-ent.-.  an     nersonj  in  • 
Japan.  China.  F.L'ypt.  I 
Charle.s  B.  Galloway  made  " 
an«l  Kev.Tli"ma>  ll!sta.-\  \\.-nt  "In  the  ! 
around  the  World."     Hezekiah  llutt.rw.  • 

-     \\ith    UZ 
around  the  World."    Williun,  ' 

hi-,  youni:  people  >•  Halt'  I: 
and   "Aon  •»*    India."    in    the   "A11-O\, 
Lihrary.1'    Other  books  of  travel  stnmiron  u  th 

of  fiction  were  Tli-.n.a-    \\  .  Kin-xN  "  Hi.: 

and  -  In  Wil.l  Af- 

tun-  Series."     "Alaska"   had    it.-    hii>t»!. 

jfol.l  tlelils,  routes,  and  scenery  de- 

Miller  W.    Bruce;   II.  ; 

country  '•  <  Mir  W  e-tern  Ar.-l. 

Dennis  also  told  of  what  he  «*aw  "  (  Mi  tl 

an  Inland  Sea."     V.  Wil>..n  pn-pai 

Yukon   (ii.ld   Fie'.  'nimrto  our  •  '.MI   n. 

land  we  havi  .  tir>t.  a  superl- 

Of  the  Colorado.  "iron,  M.r  ,rJ.W.  ['ow< 

tirnt  to  explore  their  VODOen.  an.l  \\\t»  I 

his  \\..rk  with  nhotographs  taken  hy  hin. 

and    Lilian    W  este..tt     :  • 

Sraphed    wliat    tl 
ian.-,"  and  "In  th'e   Heart  of  the  Bitter-  Root 
• 
told  the  Htorv  of  the  (  'ariin  huntin.- 

.  r.  1*898.    "  The  Yellowstone  Ki, 
•:.  al   and    I'  9m    t«.  Ii 

<'hitt«  :  alunlilf  old  work   wn- 

new  edition   in   '•'•   VO)UIN<-.-   of  ti 
Zebulon  Mont^nnen  1'ike- 
:    Ki\.r  through    L" 

N.-w    Spain,  during   the    Years  180.r>-6  . 
j.rinti'.l  in  full  from  the  original  ol 

ft]  commentary,  a  meiiioir»f  I'ike.  and  odjj^ 
HIT  material  from  1'rof.  F^lli' 

over  the  whole  ground,  aild     : 

• 

wrvati 
foniia    S  '•" 

tlie    !  lu^trata 

']•    I.eKaiion  VaK- 

tral  Pennsylvania:  <i<ri.  II.  V.  I;  t!.e 

thor  of  an  niatorieal  truide  to  ••  The  National  MiH 
Park,  Chickamauga-Chattanooga."    u  Tlic  Cana 


LITKUATTKK.   BUITISII.  IX 


Book**  of  Ch»r»«*  (I.  I).  Robert*  WM  u.uc-1 ; 


•«  r  rtwjru  wm»  famed 


aarr 

4»J  Ulu.lrmlr.l  |...k.  . 


I  MM:  \  HIM    i:i:iils|i.  IN 

*  irrar  *h-.w..l  rt  t.,ial  ..f  »'.  *.l«',  \ ...  uni  -.  |fl  »  •    ' 
,4M  in  i-'.M    .       '        .  •     f  mi    H    '."        -     '   . 

m4»,  ai..l   hut   '.'•/,   M...V  ,.!:•,• 

urioti*  to  noU>  that   in   '. 

reUafa 

,|)  nil   wli 

,H4  now  fiovrl*  an«l   t«l«~< 

>   law  aii<l 

••  iwued,  ami  thrrv  * 
»£v*   JIM- I    trn\.  1".  wh: ',• 
k'.un   in   iho  -I-  i   » 

iiul  tlic  -Irrnm*, 
nctliHnci  MM  mnrrnr.  an«l  1 1>.  rv  wa»  abo 

•»    II 
UMoldK 


jg.ll!i!a^5  gfg^yia^w 

\*  .  -        . 

-.*•<!' 


-  -      r 
•vnrkv:  *r- 

,.  s    .     - 


:in«I  in 


LITERATURE,  BRITISH.  IN  isor,. 


-Sir  Richard  Church,"  the  fighting  Quaker  in  tho 

r      •    ,.r,      .!•    .......  \    \.-    •   ,.       '    :-       - 

v  -as  il..  ,m  FiUgibtion  »•; 

A.  Fltvibboo.     T.  Douglas  Murray  i. 
.     rate-don  -Sir  Snmn.-l  link 

•  ir."  and  i  volumes  contained  ••  The  I 
reapondenceof  Sir  HnrtU-  Kn  r«  ."  l>\  John  Miirtineau. 

•f  Sir  James  Fit/jnmr*  Stephen* 
writteo  in  the  most  admirable  n,  ant;,  r  L\  In*  • 
Leslie  Stephen,  and  Mm.  Sali;  s.-hwai 

•  miscellaneous   collection    of  d<  n  tit  led 

•  •  -,;.       ......••:       ..•  .  •         ;,.,.--  !'..•      -   ..-    • 

Addresses,"    political    and    iui*.-..|lancous,  of 


Brassey,  covering  the  i-n-d  <-t   1861-1)4,  were  ar- 
lUMd  and  edited  by  Arthur  II 
Mother  volume  of  u  iSuH-rs  and  Addm- 
Faderatkm  and  Coloni/  1880  to  18'.'  ; 

owe  to  the  name  editor,  assist  .  1  tendon.    K. 

K.M.  Peach  wrote  up-  •.   nn.l  Timea  of 

Ralph  Allen  had  a  vol 

-Tudor  Queen*  and   Prince**-*  ":  Mil. 
Fawoett  wrote  a  u  I.ifo  of  II.  M  Vie- 

loria1*;  Mary  Spencer  Warren,  a  biographical 
of  -The  Princes*  of  Wale*":  nn.l   Hi/.. 
•TbeStory  of  Prinoees  Ali.-e,"  the  la>t  in  the  "Splcn- 
vcs  Scries."      Lectures  delivered   by  James 
Anthony  Fronde  upon  u  English  Seamen  in  the  Six- 
teenth Century"  during  the  Eastt-r  t.  THIS  ls98-'94 


i  collected  into  a  volume,  and  a  n<-w  edition  was 
made  of  Souther '«  "  English  Seamen,"  edited,  with 
an  introduction,  by  David  Hannuy.     "  Heroes  of  tho 
Victoria  Crow."  bv  T.  E.  Tooraey.  waa  auppli  n 
by  -For  Valor;  the  '  \  .1.   K.  Muddock. 

•The  Decline  and  Fall  of  Napoleon  "  was  the  subject 
of  a  volume  by  Fi« -Id- Marshal  Viscount  Wolscley, 
and  u  Napoleon's  Last  Voyages"  was  the  title  given 
to  the  diaries  of  Admiral  Sir  Thomas  Ussher  and 
John  R,  (II"  .  Irairal  CoekbvB. 

bound  in  <.n«-  volume.  ""The  Rise  of  WflliiiL't«>n '' 
came  from  Field-Marshal  Lord  Roberts.  In  the 
"Heroes  of  the  Nations  Series"  appeared  M Louis 
XIV  and  the  Zenith  of  the  French  Monarchy,"  by 
Arthur  Hassall ;  M  Prince  Henry  the  Navigator,"  by 
Charlea  Raymond  Beazley  ;  attdM  Julian.  Philosopher 
and  Emperor,"  by  Alice  Gardn«  r.  ••  Knirlish  Men 
of  Action"  included  -  Colin  Campbell,  Lord  Clyde," 
by  Archibald  Forbes;  «*  Wolfe,"  oy  A.  G.  Bradley  ; 
and  "  Nelson,"  by  John  Knox  Laugljton.  The  sin- 
gle addition  to  the  u  Rulers  of  India"  was  "John 
Koaeell  Colvin,  the  last  l.irut<-mmt  (;<ivcrnor  of  tho 
Northwest  under  the  Company,"  by  Sir  Au.-k- 
land  Colvin,  while  in  the  new  series  of  "  i'ul 
of  To-day  "  there  were  four  admirable  i»wues,  u  Ameer 
A  bdur  Rahman,"  1 .  i  H  ung  Chang," 

by  Prof.  Robert  K.  Douglas:  -  M.  StambuL 
A.   llulme    Beaman;  and  "1  ..n    Kmtx  P  r 

William  U,"  by  Charles  Lowe,  who  also  publU.  .1 
-  Prince  Bismarck,"  a  digest  of  his  two-volume  biog- 
raphy of  the  great  atatesman,  which  appeared  in 
inland  "Bismarck's  Table  Talk."  "Lord  .M.n 
Roaaell "  was  added  by  Stuart  J.  K- 
Ministers  of  Queen  Victoria  Series."  "  The  Right 
Honorable  W.  E.  Gladstone"  by  the  CXJM 

•A     I    ,  -.   *an  the  initial  vol- 
•weof  tho  -  Statesmen  Series 


Mnrdnnnld.   Kir-t    IVr 
l>«'iui!  nada,"  in   . 

Hull   t..ld   the    li' 

\n-hihnl.l  (Jrikir  cf>ntril.utc.i  an  i-\ 
**Man»oir  nf  Mr  An.ln-w  «'n>iul>ir  Kain- 

lOOt,  ».1..hii  I»jih«.n  an. I  th.    : 

I 

Hart..  M.  I).."   kis 
nil   Medi.-al    . 
Munk.  M.  D.,  at   tin-  r..ju,-t   ..f  tl 

Profession  to  Women  "  was  a  collection 

gruj.hi.-Hl    hkrt.-ln-.H    l,y    Kli/ulM-tli    Hhi.-l 
Alln-.l  .'itli..r  «.f  t: 

I.iniu'll."  L';I 

tin-    ininiatun-    j-aintrr   und    hix    ii-.Mx-i.r 
Wnlf.  Animal  I'aintt-r"  «  a-*  tin-  tl 
•  other  art 
nd..n,  1768-1804. 

.1    -.I'-liti    Tho' 

nt.  r."  a  tiiriiK'ir  \>\  W.  I'.ainl.      i 
t'.l.l   of  •     ars  at    Ulfl     l'">t    (Hi; 

Books  of  John  I ' 

voluiiH-s.  und   "  The    Diarv   <•!'  John    I! 
Karl  ot'  I'.ri^tol"  oontalnea  record^  "f 

and  ii 

than    »'.    Kntrlifh 


NorthumWrlan.l.'M'V  .1. 

remarkable  pononaJitT«    "Memoir^  o 


Famfly daring  tin-  Commonwealth,  1 

piled 


•aflflon"  were  respectively  "Augustine  of  Canter- 
bury/ by  l»r.  K.  L.  Cutu,  and  -  William  Laud,"  by 
Witoar  Mutton.  "  Matters  of  Italiar 

v  K.  A.  htreatneld,  appeared  in  the  scries  of 
K.nyon   WeM 

forward  with  a  timely  volume  upon  "Yhe  Lau- 
of  England,"  containing  much  useful  informa- 
-Hsn.  ri.ristian  Andersen:  A  Biographv  " 
from  K.  Nisbet  Bwn.  <;.  (;.  Alexander  Wrote 
«• :  The  Great  Thinker,"  while  af 

W*0!"1??  U|IU1  *  cwilury  **>«  «"•«  frrmal  M  Life  of 

AdM  Smith  "ma,  written  by  John  Rae.    "Al 

oir  of  (^or  ;,am,  an  Aoatralian  Politician 

fS5lce^^iS'H*Wwil»  PnWiahed  Lv  his 
.,  Mward  E.  Morris,  and  Joseph  Pope  was 
of  «  Memoirs  of  the  Right  I/on.  SirJohn 


Hri.Mol  was  j>ersomillv  acquainted,  and   • 

Sir  K'.Wrt   Dudley,  V.arl  of  Warwick   and    !• 

^sfl 
compiled  from  letters  and  illustrated  1: 

iomea,  Which  we  dwe  t"   Marian  t  M.  \ 
and   Augustus  J.  C.  Hare    chronicled    ti..-   philan- 
thropic Quaker  family  known  as  "  Th.    < 
Enrlhaiii,"  in    2  volu'mes.    "The    Kir.-t   Wh':.- 
(in   account   of  the    parliann  : 
Sachevcrell,  by  Sir  (\>»r^c    Sitwell;    L»r<l   I 
Fit/.maurice  derived  "  The  Life  of  Sir  Willinn 

1687  "  ehiefly   Iron,  private  donm,- 
unpuhlished ;    and    Dr.    John    Todhuntcr   v, 

Of   Patrick    Sarsti.-ld,   Karl    of  I.U.-HM."     "Let- 
ters  written    hy    Sir    Samuel    Hood    in    17 
were    edited    bv   David    Haiinay.      1'.    I: 

Jolni   knox:  A  Hiography,"  in   ::  v. 
and   Mrs.  Florence    A.  M:.'.-unn    added    mueh   that 
waa  su]'j'lerncntary  in  lier  smaller  wrl. 
name  ot  the  great  reformer. 
chronicled  u  Some   Notable  Ardil»i>h"p«  oft 
bury,"  and  to  religious  hio^nipliy  held 
Last  Abbot   «-f  (Jla.-tonlniry  and'  his    ('..mi  ; 
l»v  Fran,  is  Ai-lan   (iasquct,   }>.  D.;  "'1 

r,  Aflil'i-hop  r.f    ' 
.1.    A.   '  Aard    Han.1.1    HP.-.M..  .    h    h 

\V,M,-he>t.-r,"    bj     0.    W.     K 
Dean   of  Durham;  tl  John 

hi).,"  by  Alcxand, 
Recollections  of  the  V. 
Salisbury  " ;  and  M  Fifty  Years :  or,  Dca*  i 
Living  HarrvJoii. 

LitV  «.f  liavid    1  "  was  writ- 

Blaikie,  chiefly  from  h'm  unpuhli- 

.•orre-:  D     the     po~ 

'•ip  Hi-her.  l'"et    and  « 

>hop  of  Calcutta.  17^3-18lff 
.  orge  Smith  ;  "John  I! 
' 

' 

Faalkner  wrote  of  "Joseph  Sidney  Hill,  i 
in   Western    K.juatorial    Ati 
berne  we  had  "  A   La.lv  of  Knirland  :  'I 

I.iria  Tuek<  ; 
only  BH  A.  I.  ' '  I!.     Th' 

filled  2  volui 
• 

companied  with 
-  -hool  in  the  sev. 

and  David  Masson  contributed  a  sketch  of 
Melvin,  Roctor  of  the  Grammar  School  at 
deen,"  known  as  the  "supreme  Latinist"  an 


.It ATI* III.  ...  IN 


• 


»l"»a» 


nun.    «  Beigamin  Juwett,     Modem  Tfcmvaf  vat  t?*Md  by  II. 
aabfarl  . 

.,,1  1C    A    A,  „.<,,.;>.,    |        *    ftj         L       >, 


.«*e    eter* 


,n-     Wharton  U*Md 
Mr 


-,n 

•       '     i:     • 


M          fa      J,,,     M|      |         IMfta      ..-    .-*,,.,          ,       ...... 

HOT-    of,  and  letter,  from  FrmaW  Tkadwa/.  Dtoaaa. 
•m     Brow  nin*.    aad    «W*      IU»«4    Be*U  atta. 


v  Xxwdoo  TlmMfw  ta  UM  FWik. 
thur  Jonw  tracwl  •  TU 


.-xtr*.  >  ft-  .,„  the  oapubliahed  ried  almo*  to   mail* 

•lerid««,  edited  by  and  tniabed,  alter  U 

MM  Hartley  « 'oleridge,  and  Walter  Pater  waa  aad-  The  liiaatil  aaHaa  of  - 

namlM  .»«a  of  rwava  pmwrad  for  UM  W.  Koberta.  la  -  TlM  Boi 


.  while  to  a  more  recent  pe- 

v  (tarf*  Ed-     byKdwlaH. 
of  eaaav*  oa     in 


-rtettraattidEam'by  InetituUona  of  the  Aacieat  Gnaw^*  Fw^ 
>  wan  edited  by  F.llavrr-  Vanda* oaweodd  «lMf*af»aad  alMtaWaaf 
4,  and  the  Flower  "  waa  UM  Mm  aad  Freaea  MaaaeM."  Ftaaaai  IBbt 


', .  :  s ;.;:       •    : 

Baaaaaaaaaal         a^VavaVaa^Vef      aaW  a^Vaaaw 


;   sad  < Hilda,  -View*  and  Opinion*-     Fair  He»~  wa^  - 

man  tf.vr  u.  -  Trut.-n  >!,!.,. l'     -  !  •  .       \\     M    •  --,        * 
«h*  iio,ftftai»   Kr.r»->    N\  ...:..   M  ••  M  : 


^The  Eari*  ll,»tor> 

••  '  .  • 

Craifhton.    J 

nvton."   AM.!    M.  Tl 
^TWeLandof  Ar 

l^vSCnr of  Karly  OMUe  Lii 
Dafly.    -Theh 


r.-sft 

\l-li  L   t4   •«••• 

Btare  aw  lavej^  py     •tct^Heai^^  v* 

inrd  -  Thr  Tc,. -h       K^-  •^JH«» 
a  dw«H  apoa    bj^  E.-am  Tl.l4«rd . - 


ianftii  »/  P   U 
tfgflliawMiMaV 
-TlM  Aaaab  af  a  <|a**t 


406 


I.HT.KATt'UK.  BKITIM1.  IN 


hnaliborton(J.Logk 
waa  a  volume  ofeaaays  <-n   th.-  ! 
nurture  of  old  Scotland.    Man*. 

•.tn«liinion  ilulme, 

*  Natural  llistonr  Lore  and  Legend":  W     l 
• «  of  Coni< 

rolumea  t»  -Ti 

Author*     t.»  the 

Thi*«  lion  I>ver  ««olleftc«l   "Strange  Page*  from  Fam- 

•nwall" 
L    G          M         -h.  and 

,..,--.-    .,-    ;     .      .-,  ..-,      Sul-j.-.-t," 

v  William  Andrvwa. 

' 

scripto.  in  tl  repared 

by  Mont  AJ:  lie  Rhodes  .lam.  -.  and   the  lir>t   series  was 

•      l  .--.....:  i;  >al,  H  -••:,.::.  Literary, 
and  other  Autographs  in  the  Dfpartmenl  of  Mann- 

pleted  Prof  Skoal's  monumental  editi«n 

• 
from  William  S.  BOBDonschein   cam<    ••  A    l: 

•    •riti-mjwr.iry    Literature,"   l..-in^  ti 


i>o  Bert  Book*,"  an«l  V 


I'roae  SeleoUona"  \\ere 

•y  ..f  the   Krn:li>h   I '.•..- 

.•d   from   .1.  .1.  .Ius.scrand.  who  also 

iN.ntri:  i  a   Fr.-n.-h    I',  n." 

"The  Troobadoon  and  •  l.y  John  F. 

Rnwbotham,  appeared  in  the  u Social  England  s.  - 

Fiction.     Several   distinguished   writers  of 
went  out  novels  which  attracted  mueh  attention  and 
none  rcoredsuch  a  success  as  "  Iril- 
h\  "  did   the  year  previous.  h  puh- 

Amazing  Marriage"  and  a  volume  .-..n- 
taining  three  abort  stories.  -  The   Tale  of   . 

I  I'.ia.-h."  and  "The  Caac  of  (M-II- 
eral  Oplc  an<l  Lady  <  'amj»er.v    M  Judc  the  Ol- 

•    rise  to  nm.-h  adverse  <-riti- 

.dthough   admitted   a  work  of  genius  :  "  The 

i-cyond  the   World"  was  another  of  William 
Mr*.    Humphrey    Ward   told 

Story  of  IJessie  C.^tn-ll."  while" 
of  Auld  Lang  Syne."  by  Ian  Ma<  .  John 

Maclaren  Watson),  kept  up  the  aojuaintan.-e  made 
with  Driimt'ii-lity  folk  in  "  Bi-si.h-  the  r.onnie  Urier 
Bush."  "  Strangers  at  Li-«-onnel"  \\:i>  the  title  of  a 
second  series  of  u  Irish  I  -lane  Hurlow.  who 

published  also  u  Maureen^  Fairin-."  Nrael  Zan./- 
uill,  the  author  the  <;lu-tto." 

won  commendation   bv  his  story  of  u  The  V 
and  Rudy  an  I  Kiplintr  <> 

em  mith  "The  Serontl    Jungle  Book."  "Sir    Walter 
Beaant  wrote  u  Beyond  the  Dream>  of  Avari 
"In   Dcai-on's  Orders,  ;u.d   Ol  When 

V almond  came  to  Pontiac"  was  a  story  of  a  1 
poleon  vividly  told  by  (Tillwrt  Parker. 'while  Stanley 

•  man  was  represented  by  two  Mirrimr  Frenct 
atoriea.  "The  Red  Cockade 
oira  of  a  Minister  of  France,"  and  ><y 


•  - 

-The    Co.. 

ll.-ari  of  Oak  "and  "The 


i 

other  Stories";  George  Moore,  the  :,.,t}, 
m  atetw,"  made  three  studies  of  <  ,]  ,  i  „„ 
Jf  °°*  volom«:  and  anew  writ-r  »f  nmrke<l  ability, 

"Into  t»i.- 

D     ItfUM     Sla-i, 
Marriajf*-,"    "Tww-n    (tloamin*   and   th«- 


Er*?***  FrcJ«<«*  Montrenor.  j.uMUhtHl  "Int 
HiaHi«iiv»  and  Hedirea"  and  - 
•  I»u,h.nan  wr- 
M»d-DuMia  D     I  S-i, 


Mirk      W.A.  a.  iu  name  betoken*,   a   .•,,|],,.tio,1  ,,f 
feptofa ^ atone*,    by   Sir  Hu^h    (iil/.-an   Read. 

taahine  and  Hr^r.**  1  ^e  .ome 

iiUier  gltaBpasja  of  life  at  Bamnraik' 
««»  f*»*ounced  -  All  Mpn  arc  Liar-": 
added  to  the  n-miution  tfain«l  hy  1  ,  A  n  M 

a«oding  out  -^The    llcrmai 


and  «  A  Q.: 

;  loKj  i,<«iu-  of  Jii.s  j...  \MT  in  ••  M.  11  of  tl 

and  "Ho. 
tin   by  the    l».".n.  -.  and    <  Mi 

M.  W.  MIM  ,|,.r   I1  :  "  Bill]    ! 

I 

<'hri-:  troni    Sj, 

(Jould  ;    ••  A     \\  ..man    of    Impii!-,  | 

i."  from  .In-tin  II    M.  «  ;iiiii\  ;  and  "  The 
>i  .1.  Mat-Ian  ii  Cobban.     Mn*. 
pliant  WILH  pnilitie  an  rvi-r,  writii  n 

•!«•>.,"   and    that    of  "   , 

• 

it* 

iiticiilarlv   hajipy    in    : 
tales  of   Indian    lit.-. 

run  Sal.il.."     "The  Chnmi 
Antoni,,-    an.l    "A    Man  of    Mark." 

\     II.   Ha«kii.- 

Mcrriinan.  "  An  Arranged  M  I 

tli.  a  (i.rard.  "The   Ininrcgnabl. 

Little    Ilucuriiot."    I.v    Ma\    1'i-liibi-rtoii.  "  Tin      l 

M 

"Thr   Mi>tn-s.-  of  (ju.->t."  l.\   Ad.-lin.-  S 
"  Fiddi?-."  l.y  Ada  Cnmhr'ulgc.  found   n  a 

:av«-     and    ll.T    lln>l.and." 
Mar-h;   "In  the  Sin.,  k.'  of  War  "  and^-   ! 
l.y    Walter    Kaymond  :    " 

•• 
' 

;  and    Frank    Frankf.  • 

Sale  of  a  S.  ni."  "They  rail   it   1  - 

of  the   CouH  i  air  Dan-lit,  r."  and  - 

tin-  I»u>h  and  Oil  -  \\  !..  n   • 

1649,  by  J."  S.   Fleteher.  and  "In    Tai. 
a    BtOry  «'f   the  rcl'flli«.n  of  MoniMMiitli. 
MOD."  |,\   I, 
Hall  Cain. 
Savelli."  1  . 


Quiller  i);  uLyn    . 

An>tey    (Juthri 

e  Whit.-  l 

:  I  Him-  :  and 

of  the  Soil."  l.y  M    I     i 
uTom  Che.-'- 
of  Jcusop  Bhthe."  l.\  .lo.M-j.h  Hatti-n:  " 

•."  l-y  '  II.  H.  Marriott  W';.- 
Cbarybdia,"  l.y  lihoda  Brou^l  • 
Ov.-rt,"  l.\  .lames  l':.\n:  "In  tin-  V.-ar  o|  .l 

-A    l».-al  with  the  Pex-il."  hy   rMen   I'll. 
Sorrows    of  Sat;m"  w.-re  d.tail.   ; 
(a   dau_'!.t.  r    »t'  ('harles    M:.  '  re 

\\ork^    havt-    ^iv«-n     h«-r    a    wide    rej.uta:;»i!.      . 

Wint.-r      Mrv     11.     K.    N 

lim-d  "  A  Matrni:  " 

woman"   li_ 

the    titU-^    of  whi<-h 
I 

:;ilit\    in  "  Tin     > 
did"  and  "  r>riti.-Ii    Barhanai 
.  "  A  Hard  Won  . 
1'rom   an   anon\  n 

D  "   ].ii).li-i 
Mr>.  Kli/a  Lxrin  Lintoii  wan  t1 

iL-ldr-Uortl 

the  LOCUM  hath  eat.  n";  M.  ni.   M 

«.f  "(Jnllia' 
•oral    played    on- 
.John    <>liv.T   Hold..-.-  .  Mr-.  ' 

•ral.-*.  and    I.-.rd    Wi.-k- 
li.M.thl.y.ot 

"  A    Hid   for  F' 

i.^  lieiriL'  laid  in  Australia:  while 
S| 

.  may  be  classed  togetl;  Iregask 


iCATUKE.  ISIIITISII.   IX 


'• 


UM,,      IM....   '       K     K-  ....       II     1'     1      •• 
i  -Woman'.  Tra^i  ..    -    -.rm  »u|.|.u«d        Ft*. 

.tobfemil.  *  •  r  .     \s 
KncMiMMlM-;     tkr-H 


••    •    r.  '     i  .. 


alar    wt     • 


•• 


totru  heaaUDmrUtk*      Arc* 

M  oT  lic-nrr    M.M..,,  tic,  tNM  fiill      arttete  at»l   a 


NV,.n,lrrful  M.~,  n  <•(     ~ 'Il.rr,     I'.  ,, 

..  ft)  ,%    .. 


,,f  M,rrU-k    II.,!,,,,.  ' 

Bjaaj 


ikfelwd  V«t  I  «C  a  •May 
:  n»«  Ulwatod  adlaVto*  ••«• 


MMorhnia.c«,"   ).v    KIU  .1* 
inr  Gaunt  " :  • 


\: 


potton,"  by  Fwwr  WWi- 
Jennrr.   -  A  Mook  of  |-1f«,-    Tada^4  and 


•t.m  by  PblU|»  Gilbert  lUa^ttoax  Md  «f  •  Ma, 
U-.  Worm.  c  laflto?  «Htod  • 

I  iirtL  tM/yiitetod  lto»  »•  atoto..  a»4 
wteh  oaarl  jr  Mi Hi jMiilfi  i  i  to  «r»  « WM 

-.     ...  .-..,-.. 

V      iaauila^a*  "   aMH^^a^al^B^B^B^^    t»4ffaW  IM  ffaaW«^U^«« 

•  viflnvraa    Bcw^ai^BMiBm  VWB  jv  ••^••p 


M 

m    • 


^^•••rLaiif.porporUMito  br  a  i 

KaHabo%  Md  to  kiator-  and  add.  .th.lt>. 

^•aan«N  ti.XM  of  »  kVtnbr»i 

ko  of  Brit. 

Frank  Harrrtt  told  of  tkc  aJ»rn-  IIIuMnnJ^,- 


.  :•  riM  tit  "  •      «  hich 
^•oiunlt!     I '.rt 


M  I' 


:   ami   Vkloria     "  Makrr*  uf  M 

• 


of41 
My     LtoMl 


ijr*Mnaf  Otti CW*-aw»  a«rto> 
by  W.  W^BatiaaK  *+**n 


or    »rapr 

IUa«  «m« ;  MM^altoy  CjHwV  •» 

*2f  9SS?**«i^iSV^  Mi* 


: 


c^lMtfaa  of  KuUiaV  4ra.ia*.  aail  a. 
,rtN«b     ami  . .  *1^>  awa*  W  i  *  - 

•:  and     Ka*Uuar  t    K  M«i»  M«fw 


kciule  von  kb  K|«u  b^k  Abb»«  aa4  to  UaAaa.*    -A  Baa*  *4  faaW 

^oJoowmaiidikaArtvrialta-wMaMorV  I  ^«M  «•  te  «rf^«to«  M 

Mipbrll.  w*l  -  1  »ak«iM.  M.  r.  J«»~     ll^tfWtto  lr.ia«  Balto»  «f^»  •  MaaA 

-*.  vol«a«  «w  n  UN 

oai  Mfarm-  chun-k  •/  ffaa«a  Marto  Maattofa,  a>«M\  a»d  w  -. 


•rmwl  and  adapted  fbr  drawinc-room  partotm- 

IMl-   ... 


W  tW 


«ftoftk«n< 


•   Sloetmr     a«r . 


i.  l»*»:m-    »t  »ita^iJ  »»|aa 

' 

.     <1,_1  »^^ ._   •  .     ••    fl^flkt 
V^Vy  ^»  VOT^^M  l^^W^WW       *    •  •  ^^BW^* 


., 


iu.«rat«si  tolMnea.Maibfto  «*i*     M 

;ntoftkc-\V*trrlry      mock»p«m-TW 


Plato 


410 


LITERATURE,  iiKlTlsil.  IN  isfir,. 


Office  of  the  Cities  and  Town*  of  England  and 
Wale*.  Hm-n- 

»ia**  wan  the  title  (riven  to  a  sumptuous  volume  con- 
taining photographic  reproductions  of  ««  im-daN 
»truek  by  the  Corporation  of  London  t.»  «-.unmemo- 
ml<  tin-  iiio#t  im|mrtant  municipal  ho  last 

'.•  nooomimni.'!    with    ' 
by  Cb'arlr*  v, 

ted  by  A.  <  •  •*  and 

v!   !    i;  '•  •...  ,,-.  m\  k  -Ti,  EUeord  and  Bftdgej  of 

K.  iriin'-nt  niul  Con**  in   tin-   British    Army  " 

llsddon  wrote  of  MThc  Decorative  Art  <>f  Hriti-h 
N.  ,  .,,  •  ..,":  W  (i.  Sutherland.  of"Modern  Uall 
Decoration*";  .1.  Harrit«>n.  of  -The  1> 

1 

Porcelain **  came  from  \V.  H.  I|..,,j,,r  and  W.  ('. 
Phillip*.  France*  jnxl  Iliurh  Marshall  studied  tin- 
technique  and  s.MiiU.lism  .>f  ••<>].!  Kinrl^h  EmKroid- 

and  Designing."    •*  Echoes  of  the  I'layhouM-"  con- 
tained reminiscences  of  some  past  glories  ol  tl.- 
liiOi  rtagt%  by  Edward  Kohiii*.  Jr.,  and  J.  8 
lock  wrote  of  the  origin  and  development  of  «  The 
Pianoforte  Sonata."    "Oloek  and  ;  wa*  a 

Andy  in  musical   history    1^  ..nd   H. 

Davey  wrot*  •  _'li>h  MUM,-.'     »  Voice, 

,  and  Gesture"  wa»  a  handbook  to  tin-  do<-u- 
art  J.;.  •  .nnpU-11.  M.  I).,  K.  F.  Brewer, 

and  1  ille. 

History.'   In  the  -Oxford  Manual*  of  English  HIH- 

1017"  appeared  uThe  Making  of  tli.-  KnirlMi   N.,. 

tMon.  and  "  Kim.'  and  Baron - 

airen (1185-1827),  bv  W.  H.  Ilutt«>n.  Two  out  of  8 
volume*,  by  W.  H.  S.  Aubrey,  upon  "  The  Kisc  and 
Growth  of  the  Enfrlinh  Nati-In."  \v« -n-  isMi.-d.  the  flrnt 
brintrinir  oa  to  the  year  1899  and  the  second  to  1658. 
Charlea  Oman  wrote  u  A  History  of  England  n  in  one 
volume,  and  I'vril  Ransonie  u  An  Advanced  History 
of  England.*'  J.  H.  i:..nnd.  in  "  K.-u.lal  Kmrland/' 
made  historical  »tudi < -s  on  the  eleventh  and  twelfth 
>.  Allen  H.  Hinds  traced  "  The  Making  of 
the  England  of  Elizalx-th."  and  John  Knox  Laugh- 
ton  edited  8  volume*  of  u  State  Papers  relating  to  the 
Defeat  of  the  Spanish  Armada."  <\  H.  Firth  cditi-d 
'J  volumes  also  of  "The  Clarke  Papera,"  selections 
from  the  papers  of  William  Clarke,  Secretary  to  the 

:  of  the  Army  :  1  to  (;.•?..  M.,n.-k 

and  the  eomman*U-r>  of  the  army  in  Scotland  K..M- 
*60, containing  historical  matter  ofnnuli  valu< .  .\r 
thur  I).  Innea  wrote  an  account  of-  r.ritain  and  her 
Ki  vain  in  the  Eighteenth  <Ynturv.  1718-1789";  Henry 
W.  Wolff  gave  his  attention  to  "  Odd  BiU  < 

-.rl.-y  j.ul.lihhed  "The  (imwth  of 
•••riral   EKHUV."  in  •_'  \.. lumen, 
while  Hereford   H 

KnglUh   Hi-t-  r\  "     William   Howard   KiiKM-11  fought 
over  again  "The  Great  War  with  Kuwia,"  u 
Sir  I>aniel  I.ywns  did  "  a,  War  tr- 

io LaA";  and  yet  again  we  have  ••  Ti 

••  '      •    —    Evelyn   \v i.  :i,,l  -TK,- 

Slory  of  the  Highland    Brigade   in    the   Crimea/ 


during  >nd  •  Tin-  < 

\N  .  T.  «  liar! 

an  hi-t«Ti.-al  \  in<li.-ati<>n  of  the   11 
runninglmn 
joint  authors  of  MOutlin  -h  Indiihts 

111   and  1'.  Kiiirland." 

' 


l»\'ll. 

aecesaion  of  Henry  \  III  t-.  the  d«-:,ili  i.f  K! 

and  from  the  accession  of  James  I  to  th.    d 

while  to  K.  M.  Garni,  r  v 
M  Annals  of  Uie  Briti.-.- 

'.<Tingay"  was  retold  1>\   lion.  Mrs.  Mfl^H 

and    William    DoOgltt   Hamiltoi 

.to  Papers  (Don 

1648-'9."     K,   Ulick    Burke   wrote  "A 
Spain  from  the  Farlirst  TimiH  to  U 
nan.l   tin-   Catholic";  and  Joccpli 
Inquiry  iinV  -  of  th.   Hi-t-rv  of  tl 

n."     Eli/.!.  .«-ir>  '•(»).• 

of  Italy*'  wax  supplemented  l>y  "Tin 
Condot'tii  ri."  a  hhort   history  of  mediaeval  Itn'- 
1409  to  1530.  l,y  o.-ar  Hio\vnin- 
VI   of  i    h.-r    Invadrr-,."    l.y    T.    Hod  r|    ,. 

Model  Republic.  w  .-,.  • 

i  progrewi  of  tin  > 
V,,l.  U  appeared  of  "CasseUV 

1870  '71": 

•:.»-rt  described  as  an  e\«-\\ii! 
Mia,  1877.*1     "Cavalry   in  tin-    \\ 
paign"  wa«  a  critical  htudv.  l»v  > 
at.d  -Waterloo,*1  Honburoh, 

a  narrative  and  a  eriti<-iMn.     St  \i  ral   \« 
voted  to  Africa,  among  which  are  u  The  I.an-i 
Nile  Springs"  by  Col.  Sir    II.  -n- 
Story  of  the  Expansion  of  Afri.a."  l.y  lion 
mot;  Vol.  IV  of  "The  Story  of  Africa  and 
plorere,"  by  Dr.  Rol.crt  Brownf  concluding  tli> 
"South  Africa,"  a  .-tudy  in   colonial   ndmini-- 
and  development,  by  W.  Ba»il  Wornfold 
land,  and  How  we  got  it."  by  ( 
Chroniclca  of  Uganda,"  bv   fl.  \.  K    1'    Awln 


led  oo  letter*  written  during  the  years 
IMC,  and   18M,   by    1  -•.-rling. 

now  and  Oode  in  the  Mutiny  "  was  at 
narrative  and  a  Mudy.i 
Wr  Edwani  Braddon  travc  u»  -Thirty  *i 

»nd  "Thn*  Years  in  Cachar,"  bv  >!  J. 
'.  contained  a  nhon  amount  of  the  Manipur 
tMMarrr.  ||.  <\  Thomaon  outlined  -The  Chitral 
OismaicnM:  <•,«!•.  «.  .1.  .n.l  Frank  K.  Younghus- 
bjijrf  told  01  -the  IMirf  of  Chitral";  and  Capt 
OrawfVml  Mc«-.H  went  -  With  the  Zhol, 

ryofthi   Fittic-th 
•        John  Davi« 

s«ot ovlVc4a.il  and  IIIr.f-The  11  --.rv  ot  the  Sec- 
ond (Qns«n%)  Koval    Itarimcnt.  now  the  Queen's 
nentn:  *hiie  «A  History 
'rland  Highlanders"  waa 
Grove*,     (i.  Lewis 
of  Parliament 


44  The  Hi>tory  of  the  English  Church   nr 
Sou  tli   Africa,"  b\ 
Vedic  India  "  was  written  b\ 
the  "Story  of  the  Nations  Beri<  B  "  :  \\ 
Pctrie  published  Vol.  I   <.t  -A    Hi.-t..n 
from  the  earliest  times  to  the  sixteenth  < 
"Europe  in  China,"  by  E.  J.  Eitel.oontained  t 
tory  or  Ilonir-Kon^  from  tin-  l'eLrinninLr  to  t1 
1882.     E.  H.  Parker  chronicled  «  A   Tl, 
of  the  Tartar*,"  and  Vol.  I  of  ••  The  (  iti.s  and  BinW 
oprics  of  Pltrygia,"  by  W.  M 
light    "A  Lecture  on'  the  Study  of  Hisi 
li\ered  at  <  anil»ridge,  June  11,  1895,  by  l.-r 
<!*Ror  of  Modern  History,  which  w. 

in  a  small  v«.luine.       Vol.  'ill  comj.l.  • 
exhaustive  work  of  Kc-ginald  K.  Sharj'e  uj.oi 
<ion    an<l    tlie    Kingdom."     E.  T.   Hradi' 
Murray  Smith)  wrote  •*  Annals  of  West 
bey,"  and  Arthur  Irwin  Dns.nt  -The  Hi-:..r\  ••;>». 
'•i  Square  and  the  Foundation  of  the  \S  ,'«t  Kird 

With   a  glimpse   of  Whitehall 
•      trie*  II.  J.  Krid  threu 
old    Edinburgh,11  and  Robert  Mi 
Guild  of  th.:  •«-.  mainly   from 

.  a  hketch  of  tl,- 

liuildingK  of  Edinburgh"  for  seven  hiindren 
Vol.   II   appeared   of    Edwani    Hateson's 
Northumhi-rland,*1  and  again  we  have  " 
of  Northumberland,"  by'CadwaUailer  J 
Salt  Bnuminffton  commemorated  ' 
tershire";  W.  An 
Speight  wrote  of  -  Niddcrda:- 
Nidd";   and    W.    I  .yon    j,i, 
Finchampftead  in  Berkshire."    Vol.  II  was  «. 
sued  of  u  The  Isle  of  Bute  in  the  <  > 
K.    1  1. 
compiled  ».y  h.  w.  Prowse,  Q 

1  "urt  of  that  island,  from  the  Kn-lirh.  - 
nnd  foreign  records.  "Ironclads  in  Action. 
W.  Wilson,  was  a  sketch  of  naval  warfare  from  1856 


411 


l.m.liATi  1:1:.  i:i;ri:*il,  is 

IMS  in  2  Mlttrtrmwd  volume  !«r     R.  Bain*  ai»d  ul*f»  ctamloftd  -  Tito  <*tu 

.a     ftoMfcofEojIoftd.-    -TlMOrigtoofltMM 
.  Ancient    by  Half. 


;  ••.-..-.  -..:      <     .    .,    . 


•  v.  fc.  *<«.  II,  l»to.  on  hb  aleratkw  to  tna  onto  of 

uriv  • .   :     -  • ...'  ') -.-.  -•.'..'• i 

W.  IMItoa 
«  Mpo.fl  ~  K.IU  ,c,  ,.i  !Uc»  Tlirortea  a. 

ulan  quaction*  by  tho 
!*•  aad  Moniam''  mm  aotHhrr  )K 

•H*  UOML     -  KvoluUoo  and  Art,  *. 

illvin^l   '•«    (he    I    -.    !l  ,t.,ri«.of  Oaalfoa-  WM 

- 

iWUti 

£\.  Ibr  :.». .  by  Jama*  Rodway,  which  bad  an  louo- 

,rr  ,,f  Kvolution,-  and  abx>  wrote  -  f  h«  Htorr 
»»er  ia*uo«  of  «  hioh  wero  "  Tha  Story  of  the 

»     "A  Handbook  oY 


r  .,        . 
'         >.- 


raa»!2 


Hby  «T.4.W.  AIM. 

..    .  » 

Okflnoi  Lyall  itH  MmlaiB  GooaMt  "  •••  ft«a*  !•• 

^"L°r  cJ^^Ti?JiByyvg^k J**^  >^*< 
/"QUO^  «f  oooi-gy.^.^  T:  ^c 

•TV  TlOililloM  ofSa  fWod.*    AUbMaatt- 
of»T1i<>  14,  ••!  li. 


• 

!..''•'•          vV-          -.      •    V  .        .  .  .      4 

C^a^aW^aM     IWfet^afta^     ^a^PMa%     a\    oatflftMl*    ^f  llaM  a^a^taU    ^aa^aWof     «^ 

'!'-•.•' v'.;..'-',  '.";'.  •     ,:  /;  . " 

wTOoo* l»  if orriao*.   it  OOHM  MiM  «lwi3 

^^g^g| 


writacm.«dli«i  bj  B« 
rmpouabU  fcr  ^Tb* 


.  Shipley  ; 
C,  kmL 

V»  ^^*^^H 

*  .  IIM..I  - 


Mii  trev- 

•inw  oo 


•     f  J*hl  "      •      I      -  If |_  , 

BU*chfenL  WW  a  ploto  axfTaSam  ofSSaSik  *to» 

eialiaoi  and  ModafTrWiajM "  wa»a  naiil  i 
U.  Kaaftnann  In  UM  -AacJal  QIII  H I  •  af  «W 
MiC^aAdr  U.  Lyn»»iu  toJ^fTirMi  1 1 1  ao4 

SJBSs?1""*1"*^  '^  "^ 


n";  O. 
M 


:  , 


'•       K 

l^ttMao 


,.f    .ln,h     ,,.,     -    I'..      .     • 

.vert   U.,,,,/  l  !.    -.    .     ^     ;     '  • 

J.  A.  rCbaon.    *TW  UUary  «f 

1194  "  w«a  wrlttoB  bjr  V 

ten  and  PaiaofM   **»  (TW  W« 

-..>,.-.;         fl 

<V    -TW 

icy  of  < 


.  .;        ..       •  . 

-  . 


(  which  Noa. 

• 

ite 


by  Tboota* 


,      •    I  ., ..  r.  -   .,..  f   tm   : 

by  Tr»i.-.  €kmL  Uk. 


412 


l.HT.UATl'RE,  BRITISH,  IN   1805. 


liaiu  Witon  Hunter,  Edward  M.  lUncc,  and  other*; 

Kuro|H« 
.!•  Am."  by  Hwang*  Ka-hdall;  II.  in  v 


K.  and  Kauri 

• 

•T..IU   T 

•  national  an«l  i«-liti.«l  ni<*n 


VII      I  II- 

-ixtli 
a)  Colonial  : 

>h    .11    "  Kandoll.ll 


\    Lndarwlok,  was  n  hietorioal 

jliidi   law  mull*,  and   tr-.m  Sir  F. 

and  we  Int.. 

»  L«w  bvforv  II.-  ..i-l    I."   in  'J 

.  P»  on   tin-   Triii  ii.ti-riui- 

ii»iial  I.aw"  wcrv  aim*  vouch.-.  M  Weetlake, 

One  of  the  mart  aifnificant  book*  <>t   th,    \,  !ir  was 

that  --I  th.    !l<>ii.  Arthur  Janua  Ballbur  u]...n  -  The 

d<  nominated 


**NoU»  Introductory  to  the  Study  <>f  The..],,.. 

Dr.  Henry  W«ce  appeared  *•  Christian.  ty  an.  I 
Aynoatidim,"  reviews  of  some  recent  :n:;,.  U  <>n  th,. 
CfiriiSanlalth.  -The  i'l.i 

•ne  ni"  the  tir>t  m-rioHof  Gitiord  Lecture.-.  hef..rc 

.    in    lS»4-'95,  I.-. 
i  rmicr,  and  J>r.   Aim-.' 
.1   the    liuNi-aii   Lecture*  for  the  RUM, 
up«.n  •  n  <•!'  Ktiirland  in 

'  .•ininuninn."    Ti 

lecture*  for  189>-Vt.  nvbUahed  during  ti,<   \<  ,.i.  \M  P- 
by  the  Right  Rev.  Maude  II  cr.  i-M-.n. 
cution  ami   Tolerance."    "Via,  Veritaa,   Vita"  was 
the  title.  •!'  tin-  IliliU-rt  Lift  urea  for  1894,  by  J.  Drum- 
mond,  and  -  >  •.  i  Krlitrion  "  that  «*t'  t: 

Lccturea,  by  .1.   Ki-id.     "The  Hil.l.-  and  th«-  M.-nu 
B  •        \iiiniiu-.l    tla- 

|»riinit:  n-c-ords  in  the  light  of  in<><; 

ix-arch;  I'rof.  Allan  Menzictt  \\i-..t<-  a  ••  lli~t-.ry  of  Ke- 
'-naica,  or  Tin-  Law  <.t  Mo» 

y   many  auth<.r>.  ^^a^  i-<litcd 
ard    Valt>y    Fr,  iic'h.  and'  had  an  introduction 
:«iie  Kiirht  Hcv.  I..ml  Arthur  H.-rv.\.  i 
of  Hath   nnd    ^i-lls;    and   John    t'njuhart    all 
fended  *•  The  Inspiration  and  Aeeonoy  of  the  H«.ly 
.-..•rij.tim-*."1  TotbetwodMTerent  ichoola  of  biblical  in- 
.-  I»r.  T.  K.  •  Introduction 

nd  "  I*aiah  One  and  his  Book 
M.  l»..utr!a>.      A  lu-w  work  of 

Taluv  undertaken  during  th.    y«-ar  wa-  tin-  "  Interna- 
tional • 
K  HrivrrV  -  '  '  il  <'«'rniiic!  • 

Oitiral  antl  Exiyftieal  ('oniini-n- 
Ury  on  Judges"  by  (k- 

i.-al  and  Exc(f«  ti<-a(  <  '"iimicntjiry  on  the  Kj.'^tlo  to  the 
Romans.'   l>y  \NiHiam  Sunday  and   Arthur  < 
lain.    'I  I  'ark.ru  «, 

CDOiplcted  during  the  year  by  the  i->u.-  ••!  th«  tw«-nt\- 
•ixth  and  twenty  HMtventh  voluinc-s.  and  addition*  to 
the  new  eighth  «cries  I'.il.h-'1 

.•  "Ilook  •••  l.v  Andn-w  Har- 

|*r;  the  "Book   ol  II    l',,nn.tt  ; 

'  by  Rev.  John  Skinm-r:  th.- 
:».-aii  Karrar":and  th. 
of  Solomon  and  The  Lament. 


F.  Adrney.    I>r 
added    2    more  volume*  in 


put.iishe.i  -•  iMHaerta- 

t.d    with   the  Ir 

I '-alter."  wr 

Mfdaawe  and  other  auxiliary  matter:  and  Dr.  James 
Htalker.  -Ti 
The  rrovprtM**  wa«  the  open ii  .-  \..hmie  of  tl  , 

C*    edited      \.y     Ui.-h. 

i':llon  pron  .  Kohe- 

Airur  "  The  SkejKienof  the  <  Md    I 

'o»eph   Agar  B«. 

wrote  upon  -  The  Teaching  of  Jeaun*1;  u  The  Broth- 
erhood of  Mankind"  wa*  a  Mudy  toward  a  <  hri-tian 
V  of  hiatory  by  John  Howard  (raw ford; 


"C),r 

•:;.     1      !'.     \1.  \  . 

1 

• 
and   tl. 

:.  w.-and  II. 
Inipen 

edit..;  ;   ,\  .  HI,,! 

.. 

Charter  of   < 
Mount,  and 

ii  "  was  the  tit!,-  of  a  course.-!  1 


Mlhjc.  '  ,     under    the  alls) 

b  of  the  Christian  Sociul  I'nion.t..  wl 
Scott    Holland   contributed    a  preface,  and 

M     w  hich  \\ 

Ham.  -pel  ..t  the  Kitii:<l"m."    Al 

:r  add  refused    "  \\ 

mill    . 

.  dited    l.y    \\  .    II     1  -i. -n'antle    and    \N  .    : 
N  ..'..11  deli\«  •  \l  inilt<     v'  1  : 

\.  K.  11.  Bo\d  (<'.-unti 
ca>i<>nal     and     Immen 
drew  Valid  Klsewhere";  "(todandthe 
title  of  a  liiMiklet  liy  Coul-on  K.rnahaii  ;       I        -    .. 
\N  inner"  was  a  pOathumOIH  work  l-y  <  I 
Spiiri:i"n  ;   mid   -  I  ni. .n  \\  ith  (. 

.  Harris.   u  Enigmas  of  the  Spirit n 
"The   l'nk!i..wn   (,•»!  "   w,-n-  from   th. 
Alexander  H.  (i.  Craufurd.     "  I'hilo  and  ll<.]\  >.  rij 
tiir.-"  was  a  \alual.le  work  f»r  >ti.  <•  Gl^B 

1   the   <  )\<l  Totainent.  for   which    t 
del.ted  t-.   Dr.   II.  • 
t«.  the  "  Bihlieal     1 

iiirii.tf 

the   year.  eMntaininLr  • 
Paul    from    I'npulilished     Commentar'.. 

A     the  1'mht.       K.  Ifl^B 

wrote  a  "  History  of  the  Chur.-h  -  •  Mar'. 

II.  Alii.-,  a  ••  Ili'ston  of  the  Church  in  I 

the  Acces>i.,n  of  He'nry  \'III   to  tl  (Ju«tn 

Kli/al.eth.   A.   i..   1509-16C8":  and    K.  .1 

History  of  the  Welsh  church  t<>  the    I 

ndation   >' 

of  lit;.  .    with    story    illustra', 

founding  of  the  Church  in  Kii|/iand.l>\ 

1   Mo\e|lie! 

linir.     "Ha\e    Mercy 
Murray,  explained  the  fifty-first  Psalm, 
same  author  we  had    also"  "  The   l|..lie.-t  of  All,"*n 
.11  of  the   Kpistle  to  the   II. 

\Sorks  of  a  U'encral  character  which 

!><•    included    he:  ^II9. 

jua   Canal, 
houn  :  "  Litrlit houses  :  Their  History  ai. 

H'arl.our    Construction."    l>y    \\  i 
"Tl..  rth  Atlantic 

with  siune  account   of  early  ships  an.i 
with   over  :.o   illustration-.  Lv  II 

pul.lished   Vol.   | 

chan.  '    (iuttmann    «le\ 

Maimfacture  of  K.\p|osi\ •••-.."  win 
lions 

Indusli  ic<»    Print  it 

plementary  volume-  to  "  The  Printing  ' 

;    II- n.    A 

"  A  II  ..nlening   in    England  : 

Sander-.  "An  Kn<-\  elopn-d:. 
lertt   treated   of  "  The   lioldfish   and    il 

M.  Walbran;  and  .John    P.  "r 

:  •  .-the"  Mild.-: 

volume   heinjf   illustrated    1>\ 
.     uToboganning  on   < 
'ii,  also    contained   contrH. 
Strickland,  and    Lady   Tobogganer.    J.  Mason 


L1TKRATURB  hit:  I  UNI 


413 


Uiid  oftrad     FlodUicr,  txtt  at*.  of  *  taunti  md  i«^*  -11, 

I  •rrmntft*!     «,<,*tfc  .  Fri**L- fe*»  ' . 

to*.  MM..II  <JS7;  Md*tC 
u  ».  •     11         , 


...      •     •  •    •'    • 

• 


unman  uanMtt,    ana     -  rivwMMM,  Md  UOMT  rMOB»v:a»d  -  LiW^BZ 

&!=tt&!£S  «!^A±a-ytr, 

'  .r%mc,«iHi    Mu-  «B»v>va»Av»jbfcadvMAai 


ttftal«»CM*  t*  tftf 

»     -  •     . 

rloMC  !•>   J     \    I-*.-!..-  UM,.-  M 

I:...-,    ',*  •    ... 

nb  of  IW«»T :  ^  »Uctfcoa.  «r»  to  b» 

HM     'r,u    \|..  I,.,    ,,..,,.  J 


•    N 

r  brr     %.!• 

k'Wt      UtelllMld*  «MlTx»vlMd>«f 

of*    oldBoollMi:aa4V. 


vWL«%lMlliW 

•Nr.  |,v.l, 


m  Ijiurvn 

rtiiur  l.»n d     -  II 


1 .  •     r. , 


«uud  b^  to*$kf**j  >Bd  iHtid  r  jgt 

."•':      |   J      N.  -      '  I'      •     •  .  \       '.'... 

rmn  of  lx>ve,n  fn.cn     tatfiw  to  UM  ovw  «dWa«  of  •  TW  f«aiiHiar» 

Tvlaftel     fetvm.*     M>4     -TW 

m  Ky*"^^yt^yH • J'  ""J 

A.  (iraawl 
•r  PMMtM***   rimnlu-l    II    \V  V«».  _«tiim  •»-  —  *••      •«.-«»* M_^._ 

S;7J^9 

r  Poeim";  Kdwln     UM  fimmd  of  bat*  coMtewto.  vMfe  -tWr  lESE^* 
•if    men  who  foood  |li«»»i  mA  n.riort^i  akpM^VM* 

lal^fMia     «f     M  Vfr>«     Bt>  I       _^  t^i»«l      « *    tin  r»     1  utf^^b*  ^^H^  k^. 

••UBVOTI^^     *"  •  WW     ••0        ••JW^^V  W  1MBI.      *  •  0VBJW  UBW^BHi  P^^^ 

.  ..    If  -I'..     !'  ..,--..-       \    '.     . 

t«  Wwnimitt.-     RMMIMtof  UM  WooaX*  by  F.  J   «»»*  . 
Oihor  Po*m"  tMMfroai    of  !•  atMte  of  R^Li i«d  Ftel^  «O^  M»: 

*       ftlLMl.        R          II  k.f.f        tr         L  t       I     i'  » »«B^»^«     &M^4;»«    T«»»» 

•»««••   H.    ii.    r lUpMncK ,     mm*  r .  BMMOBJMB  wvvoi  •?     ^•jritvy  IIWWB*  i 
iio>"  «*•  •  v.ilutnrof  enl<»      v  rtk««rtvni  FlMWM.  X«nM»» 

iM.tiar.    iiiqr'vmlPMiT  • 

aVlW*  work,  an.l  ~  I»uo-     «MM  •  Tfcrv*  MaMll 


•s    t»r  Auotwy  W.  HL  Jolin        II* 
by  Willie*.  H 


••IU."  bjr 


•  ^  ^•.nbni  i 
*t».  •»!   II     I*    r    M*m*l  ««M 


. 

1 1 1  mi  mi 

MI  n«iiiK*> 


Far 


414    LITERATURE,  BRITISH.  IN    1805. 


LITERATURE,  CONTINENTAL,  IN  1885. 


-  Ramble*  in  Jaj  »  err  illustrated  by  Ed- 

ward    Uhtnipvr.  ami   "Advance  Japan"  waa  pro- 
nounced a  nation  thoroughly  in  earnest  by  J.  Morris, 
.  vafeLaador  left  the  1  «),-..., 

be  visiud  last  vear.  for  - 1 «rra,  or  Cho-scii.  the  Land 
.!   t;.      M    ••    •:•    .   ..  •:."    ,,,i    "... 


country  waa 
«3  by  Loube  Jordan  Miln  as  "Quaint 

na  VrwM-nt  aii.l  1'wt"  was  a 
volume  by  R.  s.  Gundry  t-   i 
n  -china  ami  tin   Neighbor*.*1     I»r.   litnrv 
Labdell  took  a  n.U   t-  Little    I  UM  t  thn-u^l. 
MM  Ccmn.  •.«•  described  in  9  vol- 

ume*, and  <  i*on  waa  "An  Australian  in 

iracribed  things    ^liirli 

Kadvani  Ki|>lin>r  MW  and  failed  to  aee  in  i-.-rtuin  davs 
an«i   niirht*  «nd  claewherv:    NV  ultrr   K. 

I.aw  n-ncr  devoted  a  handaonn  \  ..luim-  t<>  -  '1 
ley  of  Kaahmir:  Major  C.  S.  Cuinl^rland  deaoribed 
-Sport  on  the  Pamir*  and  Turkenun  8teppean:  and 
K    Camtairft  treated  of  M  Human  Nutun-  in   In.lia." 
Frank  Mnluy 

.*";  "From  Far  Foiroora,11  by  J)r.  George 
Lealfe  Mackay,  waa  edited  by  Rev.  J.  A.  Macdon- 
ald.  "Seventeen  Tripa  through  Somali  I  and"  was  a 
rd  of  exploration  nn*l  l-i^-gamc  ahooting.  1885- 
by  Cap>  O.  C.  Swayne  :  Cant.  C.  J. 
wrote  on  "1,'mn  Hunting  in  Snmufiland";  and  Col. 
Franctn  Com  wall  in  Muu.U-  outliix  >  rare  in 

Matiairancarr  witli  notes  on  the  military  hituutmn. 
:IT>  in  Kliiuna**  Country,  and  Pioneering 
among  the  Batauana  of  Lake  Nirami  "  were  told  in 
the  letter,  of  Rev.  .1.  K.  II,  ,,i,urn.  ,-,lited  by  C.  H. 
Lyall;  and  "  Rhodeaia  of  To-day"  by  E.  F.  Knight, 
embraced  Matabeleland,  Manhonaland,  and  Manica- 
In  the  Veldt,"  by  Hurley,  was  a  collection 
of  atoriea  and  aporting  sketches  of  which  South 
Africa  waa  the  scene,  while  3  volumes  contained  C. 
S.  (ioldwin  and  J.  Kiu-hin's  information  conccrnini: 
-South  African  .V  -  union." 

o  Frascr,  found  a  plea>inir  compaiiion  volume 
in  -Tin-  Home  an<l  Knrly  Huuntu  of  Robe  r 
8tcven«jn,n  by  MargHirt"  Armour.  "The  Story  ot 
Australian  Exploration"  was  told  by  R.  Thynne,  and 
"Travels,  and  Adventure  in  Northern  Queensland" 
were  narrated  by  Arthur  C.  Hicknell.  u  Letters  and 
sketches  from  the  N.-w  Hi  •»•  rides,"  by  Mrs.  John  G. 
I'au.n.  were  edited  by  Rev.  James  ifaton,  and  ably 
supplement  the  u  Autobiography  "  of  the  famous 
MtMtonan*.  Dean  Hole  daaeriDM  u  A  Little  Tour  in 
America  ;  *»On  the  Can*  and  Off"  wan  the  journal 
of  a  pilgrimage  along  the  Queen'**  highway  to  the 
East  from  Halifax,  in  >.  t»  Yi-'toria.  in 

Vancouver's  Island,  kept  by  Douglas  &liul<  n.    < 

kin  made  studies  of  Canada,  cntiil«l  -  Th, 
Great  Dominion.    w  hi.-h  ww  affain  described  u^ 
Lund  of  the  Muakee,"  by  II   S..,|I(TS  Somerset.       1 
Bound  on  Kolguev"  was  a  chapter  in  tli<-  «  \j 
of  Arctic  Europe  by  Au1>yn  '1  p-vor-Hattye,  and  Ar- 
thur Monteflore  edited  ftt»m  the  journals  of  Frederick 
George  Jackson  "The  <  .nd  (Bolshaia 

ZetneUkija  Tundra  C  the  narrative  of  a  winter  jour- 
ney acrosa  the  Tundras  and  a  sojourn  among  the 
Ramorard*.    Returnintr  to  th«-  mother  Mo,  w.  • 
delightful  volume  uj^.n  «  W,  -t  minster."  by  Sir  Wal- 
Itr  Beaant  ;  another  upon  u  T  i  •  ta  tra- 

ditkma,  inhal.iunu.  nn.|  .-u^tomn,  ».-.  ••  Cres- 

pign/  and  Horace  llut«-hini»on  :  "'Wild   England  of 
To-day  ."by  C.  .1.  Surrey  Higl 

wara,  arvl   Water^  i;.  Hnrn-tt  :  "  Tfu- 

Vabof  Whittineham."  by  David  IMppie  Dixon.with 
Bhiatratiooa;"TheMi«l  Bakaaadthi 

•MlilioM  ftmn  Source  to  Sea,"  illustratwl  by  ( 
Aikman,  with  notea  by  th*  late  Thomas  Chapman  and 
Mattrathesk;  "Some  Ancient  Engliah    Homos" 
Kliiabrtl,   ll«lffr.:  ana  -The  Carlylen'  Chelsea 
H*<rllMlld  Blttnt-   "  Voyagw  and  Travels  " 

editad  by 


"    **  n^OTea  of  book 


MV1SION*. 


logical 

Novrta.  tales!  and  jnvcnUe  work* 
1  jiw,  Jurtsprudrnc. .  ,  t. 

il     and    social   economy. 

trade,  and  commaffM  .. 
Art*,  ackiKXS,  aad     Illuftiraird 

work* 

Voyages,    travel*,  geographical 


1'oetry  and  the  drama 

Yearbooks  and  serial*  In  veto.. . . 
Medicine,  surgery, etc... 
Belleadettre*,     eauys,      mooe- 

MisMManeous,'  Jncludiag' '  pain', 
phlet*,  not  sermons i7 


1J 


476 


11! 

98 

M 
«M 

M 

810 
787 


80 

127 
M 
S8 

n 

8U 


58 

91 

1 

69 


u 

MO 

im 

96 


Ml 

811 
158 

400 


il 


uction  in 


111 


LITKRATIRE,  CONTINENTAL,  IN  1« 
Although  tin-  itiinirnse  amount  «.f  m:iH«-r  iMOfli 
Hiinually  naturally  imposes  rot  rid  i<.n-  «.n  this 
li>t,  it  will  be  found  t»>  include,  a-  n-ual.  the 
most  representative  and  interesting  pulilication§ 
of  each  givt-n  land,  movement,  or  author. 

Belgium.  -  -National  hiM'-ry.  al\v;i 
tivatnl  in  Hd^'mm.  is   represented  \>\ 

->  \«-n-n's    important    >%  ! 
u(Juntr<-   An.s  irKvohition  :   ]:<-lati«.n  d( 
Fails   jH)liti«jue«   et   h" 

de  1890  a  1894,"  by  Ladislas  van  Hoorebek 
Woeste's  u  A  iravers  dix  Annies  (18ft,r. 
politiques,  sociales,  etc.";    Th.  .1 
Bclgique";   and  "  Lc  vicil  Anvn>,"  },\-  M.  Hooses, 
J.  P.  Waltzin-V  M  Ktu-l«-  hi.-toriuue  stir  les  Cm:    ra 
tions   pfofBM&Oellea    «-hc/.    Us    Komaiii- 
idea  and  treatment)  and  Fran/.  <  'iim-.ntV  '•  Lea  lljt 

•i  aikaMe  t-ontri: 

eient  history.     Ii 

we  have  "  A"  traven*  rAt'ri(ii; 

clcrco;  "  A  trav. 

u  L'Allemagne,  ca  Vie  et  ses*  Art-."  l.\  .1.  <  .    1-  ;.  -  ri  : 

similarly  interestiinr  "  N 

ford,  Cambridge,  et  Northampton,"  i>\  1'aid  Saifllr 

r\  decrrij.ti'in  of  San 
J.  Von  den  IleinelV  ••  Cp.<jui.s  amerienii 
j».rtar:t    work    on    military    mattern    is    (ten.    BfA 
mont's  •*  La  Defense  des  ttats  ct  1. 
Fin  du  XIX*  SiecbV  while  Ed.  !•«•* 

camps  has  issued  an  equally  notewortb)  voi 
-  l.i  -  <  >tfiees  inlernationaux  et  leur  Avel 
pears  that  the  intnxluction  of  unr> 
riven  an  imiM-tus  to  the  study  of  .-•«  -ial   M^e^^H 
The  laige  number  of  book 
science  iiK-ludes:  Mauri.  -e  Vatitl 
meiit  1'x-al  de  1'Ain:!-  Dubofc 

Trades-Unions  <  t 
lii-lirique":  Krncs-t  van  KlewykV 

Hubert  Langcr 
aeraire";  G.  LcgrandV  -  L'In,p.'.t  Mir  : 

beige  explique  d'ai>res  lea  Travau 

•.omique  et 
"  l.        er'.       <      >   "the  lea«:- 


dcs  Prix."  l.y  Hert'.r  D<  ni>.  "the  lea«:- 
tiflc  socialist^."  and  *•  LfOrganii*ati<  • 

i.y    Ad.    Print- 

works i  :    Victor  Brants's  ir  ' 

iqucsaux  XIII«  ft  M 

laume  de  GrcePs  "Le  Transform  ismc 


cussing  the  development  and  degeneration  o! 


.!•;  CONTINKN 
Vul  llof  UitlolofcmiU    -fartiMofl 


415 


'2-sF.  BSJS'E^'BWoW 

•.»w  5fefi±eafcwSSS 


ujMirtt»l  aoeoui. 


lorLuL 

UraliMrtforitlU 


v.: 


.     -  .  i 


I  wo  hav«  fanciful  »« 

.CM.V...II  ' 

•«•,  "BOM  and 

::.  ..  •  .    .  ^,  ..  -     ii  .- 


,  .   . 

1!   .'    •     |       MM    2 


UWftotod  ttr 

1>«  AMlhotiok  rmn  k«t  UM  jr  w  oro  *  UOM  BOM.  o^Wi  w»  O»i  •  **4 

•"«•  .nof.iranui  Jaicna,  •«»  -wwno    J*jo»/ 

-k ;  .1*4  1'aul  Fmi.rioq'."  On*,  hbtonach.  willi  homan  w«-  iixU  trwllilWI     ijin   I  •  »tt 

Uf>Wf*o    *ari    x-.r    ,lc    !!,-r...rn..!U' "      MttoffMla]  IMBM         •     i      '•-'  -  -       '         • 

>  of  Uw  jotf),  -  MoT  rul^-nj 


r^tnia     lick 
"  a  »<>rk  «>f  "niu«  ' 
":  OlMtaof  P •<••!•'•    kkrUrhr*      -  N 

.(4oo  dUrici;  a^d^w  work,  by    «x 

-  wnicr.  Aurf.  S«, 


'!' |-_      . *••-     •  I.     .. 

••••»       tB    PvNVT   IOW    mrQ 

•  .    i      ,. 


p  MkkTV  iM-iotu-r,,."  a».l    II. LI.    K.> 

n  u.i'.   LOVMM 


1.    lUUcr   hw 
Wyb  rVom  TlMoeritiM.    AodoMof 


of  UraCiiy  of  PIMM,"  Vol.  X; 
Hok^roU  dunng  the  tdgm  of  K«r- 

al 


*  A  lo«m- 

of  .  -llUoricml  MafMlM,"  aod  £ 


k<o?    ^ifc. 

n/   |K«      tflMi  KvVVMll 


116 


LITERATURE,  CONTINENTAL,  IX    18W. 


been  drawn  up  by  K.  r.  Kr»ruj>.     P   v\ .      ,,,-h  ha* 
begun  a  "Xu   dsimk  ..ml   M. 

CislM-Iti'  t    ii>  the  atitlf  -r  ....i-  n-  Mu*oum.n 

.      .      :  -.     ,.     Bnui  lesV   ••  ^       »i  i  SI  .1  . 
spearr  tl"°    though    son,.- what     un 


1  book  oo  Swedish  romanticism  of  the  flrat 

.";and 

J.  clausm's  "Jens  Baro**)  l*N«k*  put. 

«.nhagenare:  H.  <  1,*  Mun.i 

..,-  K  •  ,  '.  N  -I  ...  il.  .:.-.-.'.  "-,.,  '  ;.  -.*  l.ivf; 
i  .•-,.-  ••  ::.  ....--  I:.,..-  .  '  .  I  i..-.;  -  -  1  Vaar"; 
•u.i  \  -lie." 

.  :ir  i>  "  Hjnrl  :  en 

rtuH.mu.  Utstone,"  l»\  tor  ot 

-lllustreret  Tiden 


sine),  In  which  the  aothor,  M  Dsoal,  gives  evidence 

erially  in  tin-  delinea- 

tion of  young  women.    In  "  \illui:  -•udni- 

trraar/S.  Schandorph  \pj»cl- 

wncr*  fhowi  •  good  eye  for  hi.  .ati»n*. 

Hem,  M  in  other  countries,  the  complaint   i*  that 

.ud  theories  succeed  each  other  00  rapidly  that 
art,  instead  of  being  quickened,  decline*  and  decays. 

.in*  sUo  that  the  tendency  to  abandon  the  un- 
varnished  realism,    rampant  yesterdav,   for 
symbolism  and  m\-ti.->m  is  present  here  as  \\.ll. 
•tiipmmisinjr  a  rettlwt  as   K.  Ilrandes   is 
said  to  have  bowed  to  t  i  ta>t<-  l>y  ••trans- 

ferring the  scene  of  one  »f  hi-  lai-->t  .-..m.  .TH-H  to  a 
sort  or  dreamland,  and  of  another  t<>  tin  ancient  days 
of  the  N«Tth."  "  li«-ki-n«l«-lM-."  l»y  .InhaniK 
(»uth<>ralsoof  MRejsebogenn),  isac«ill«cti<>M  of  poems 
of  beauty,  denptte  a  certain  iii'>n»t<>Mv  and  cinotionul- 
-.  a.-*  wi-11  a»a  certain  archaic 
imagery  and  an  absence  of  ideas,  an-  said  t<.  mark  the 

:   tin-    \»\n.  f<  ncral.     <  '.  !•'•  n>  d<' 

picts  the  bc-a  :<>dious 

vane  of  MAngelinatn  and  Alfred  Ijrwen  lia- 
44  Kkko"  (poem*,  mainly  nonnet*  i.    t  inallv.  *•  ViMund 
Smed,**  in  which  Bolger  I»nichtnann  (haiful  1 
M  the  •*  foremort  reresentative  n  of  in'-d.-m  Danish 


liter«ture)  desJs  with  a  huhject  fn.ni  the  elder  K.Ida, 
{•criticised  for44  exuberant  and  somewhat  s«-ntiniental 


strangely  opposed  to  the  riiroro:.- 
•  )ie  Mmran  and  tradition  of  ancient  Scandinavia." 
rranos.  -I'  •  •  \  V  i-xti-iihive  literary  produc- 

tion history  a*  tunial  holds  an  imi»ortant  place.  The 
publication  of  memoir*  i*  rather  ov.-rdone.  \\ant  of 
critical  difu-rimination  rcftultin?  in  on  uhu*e  of  this 
literary  fashion.  Th-  -  M,  -m.,in-s"  of  Cham-elU.r 
PsMuter  and  Gen.  Thi.  -Lault  have  Wen  followed 
bv  those  of  Gens.  Paulin  (M  Souvenirs. 
Fsntin  des  Odoanls  ".Journal.  IMMI-'W.-,  I)e  Ba- 


Fsntin  des  Odoards  ("JoarnaL  1800-W).  De  Ba- 
rante  (-Souvenir*,  1782-186*;  -  ..ni.-.rd.  and 

the  spirited  and  plain  spoken  Mareehal  de  Cartel  lane 
fM Journal.  If  Tin-re  have  also  M] ., 

-8o«v,  .  ,,mte  de  Mont-aillard.  A^-nt  de  la 

Diplomatic  secrete  pendant  la   Kew.lution,  1'Kmpire 
et  Is  Kcvtauration " ;  u Souvenir*  de  la  Vie  militairc 
Baron  Uhurr,  1787-  res  du 

<*omt«  de  Psn.y  de  la 

Fsmille   Kovale  pendant   la   Revolution,   ITSS-W; 

.::-::  "  :••!..    Mar.- 
ehaldeSeyur"; 

with  all  their  rancorous  rnalevol*  much 

iVrhl  on  an  interesting  period),  and  tho*- 

••  .  of  interest  on  th« 

Krvnlutioo).  te  Mi-moires  de  hriin.o-  l.avaux,8er- 
MMft  M  \W»  de  Liirne,  17W-1814."  edited  by  A. 
Mvteoo,  an  account  of  ,,f  the  Napo- 

<.uerre. 
i«t  Wdtsde  Sc.ldau.-  «-dited  hy  F.  Msraon, 

T-.Tird'Au 

»  BepubUque11  illustrate  an 
Tne  Idylfe  *oi^ 
jfa"Mttdu  Prince  Eugene-  has  been  treated  in  a 
noteworthy  manner  by  A.  PuliUer;  and  A.  1 


aeonte*  par  rimage"und  ,1. 

•• 
!...K'raphie  histories  t.l   : 

df   la   l;  <       lirallcol.' 

i-.litfi   • 

MauMc  -irts  much  do,-unu-ni:. 

I  "  ;  the    "  \  i.     mili!: 

.'  '7p 

.i.li-hrd    l-\    las   children  :  tin-    I 
Hroglie's  "  I.'Alliain-c    . \iitn 

nlril'iitioii    t,i    tin-    diplomatic    hi 

' 

•  nirs  P..UI- 

•  hi  I'm-  .  i,  ;\ 

exploit. -.1  t.y   th«-  ro\«! 

impartial  author  of  :i  "  H'^t- 

K.mpii  >venW 

mihtain 

ing  rcvelat ••  [.«.lr..n  1 1 1 

. 

lilu-ral  jH.litical  cfl 

to  the   military    di>a»t«T   of  I^TO;  Com;. 

-  diplomatiquesr 

hu.juct    continues     hi>     j.atri-itii-     l-i;t 

of  ho.-ks  on  the  1  • 

\\ork-  l.\  Thoumas,  A.  Chuquet. 
KoUSSet.  I'.  Lehautcoiirt.  A.  Hunleaii.  and  A.  V> 

.  -o  heen    puHi-hcd.      (ielieral    hi-' 

._-  with  France  an    \.  Frank.' 
d'Aul: 

Souvenirs    maritime*";     I 
Parlement    de    Paris.  .  .  .   1  •_•:,••   151 

re  de  Honl.  au\."  published  under 
of  the  municipality:  and  A.  Tom-hem- 
lioun.'  militaire.''  ro,  a  schol;,' 

able  attainments,  in  -llistoire  an<-ien:ie  .l<-  I'eunB 

de  l'(  >rient  das>i«jue  "  j. r-.ves  himselt'  :t 
usual  al'ilit;. 

serand's    "  I.e    i:«.man   d'un   K-.i   d'F.co-- 
volume  ilealintr  with  tl,  •  r?  I II  :    \ 

Laud  write*  ..t'-  Ku«-e>  et    I'- 

.    and  ••  l-;i   !;•  publique  d'Halti : 

•:ni-|Ue"    i>    drawn    l>\      I' 
•  I.'Afri«|U. 

suits  of  tin-  careful  archteologicaJ  i; 

French    in  simple  and  charmintr  laniruatre.     ' 

K-nitii-r     has     written    ••  l/lli-t- 

Atlairs  Oriental  an-  treated  of  in    I 

Cuerres  Civile*  <lu  .lapon.  11 

"  BibliofrraphicCi 

Madagascar ";  L.   Hr 
a  Madagascar,  l^l 

t*s  "Madagascar 

Efovft1*;  and  .1.  I.,  de  LaneasanV 
frnncaise  en  Iinlo-Chine,"  a  frank 
thorii  fbur  yam*  governorship.  Pierre 

i    inipres*i  I.e    DeMHj 

Condition  de   la  Femmc  a<  ni*"  l^^^l 

-  de-    .lellX    Mond-s."      T.  de   \\  ;, 
les  Allemaii'ls  :  I/Art  .  t  1<  -   Mo 

In  jK.litical  history 
•    imerous. 

and  other  posthumous  work*  bj  .'..'.  • 

journalint  and   historic 

ave     aj.peare.l  ; 

Franfe"  is  treated  in  an  al«h-  arid  1-rilli. 
the  .liplom.  Millet  :   ai, 

lected  his  discourses  on  t)>< 
•lie  pn-fa<-e  thr" 
during  leiK-y   of  • 

government   i-  flu-  theme,  frankly  and  boldw 
treaU-*!.    of   '•  S..uverainet«-    du    P' 
d'Kichthul :  \ 
ardently  to  combat  the  "  T\  rann 

pamphlets;  and  cii-n,.  ~°^^H 

ha*  r>een  variously  rated  a»  "rant  iron 

end  "  and  as  a  moit  original  work  of  ^rcat  importaiMp ! 


OATL'BK.  CONTINENTAL.  IX   UK 


417 


•-...«     j     ... 

lobU-ti*."  i— ~i  i.v  u.r  ih,i.i  mSS\    '*.)•  MwMUrUp,  m  •  . 

^^^if^^^t^^^^^  sS^y******** 

IMM  oo  Ihe  hUocy  of  UM  poor  Uw«;    Ur.Jtng 


'"  1 
••    • 

-/ 


»:a««na  H 


.!rfv»«. 

• 


UnHMliqoM 

hrwn 


the  t 


!. 

.      ,  -  •  • 

TOL.  : 


rr-«,  .!•••  |i«-itr. ..  ,  •.    :. 


mjii  *t^» 


iMlM*M 

«0» v-  U 

'rw  Trfi» 

ra^fi'cL'tt 

'''•/JJ^g" 

SSCi; 

-   t.l 


^  «**»  AfbflU* 

»«   -J  «T^    tf^  . 

•i  rwHi  nvMBi  *•••»" 


«HW  plnvV  tW 

>tTii   »«*!*.• 
•  to  ~t  MX  to  ^M; 


118 


i.riT.i:\Tu:i:.  <  ..NTINKNTAL.  IN   is«.».-,. 


V 

(one  * 


I 

.   •• 


«Lc  Faune" 


cr^s  romnnt 

"Awe"1."  "  IMMT 
Meilhac 


wttboot  promise,  by  a  new  man 

Albiaft  spectacular**4  Panurjre  ";  MMeaairo 
bi,/  .  rather  bombaatic  production  by  the 
Paul    Deroulcde:    B-  "M  >»•••« 

iing  Kdmond  Rostand's  ilratna 
tataine,   produced  bv  Sarah  H.-rn- 
prabedfor  it»  "smooth. 
,ur»  tone  and  aentimei. 
diflkt!.  ir  d,.  Coups."  bj 

few  rrsl   humorists   in  trance," 
Vot  XX  of  Noel  and  Stoullig's  -  Annales  dcr 
to,"  baa  a|»P«»red.     Antony  Real  flls  h»  issued  a 


on  .TV  antique  d'Onim/e 

that  noble  Roman  stage 


through  the  efforts  of  Auguste  Care>tie  and 
MoM  9**.  And  thU  calls  attention  to  tl 
of  Province,  the  «Felibree"-with  their  journal 
li"  and  their  two  Parisian  socicti«s  the  "  Keli- 
briffv"  and  the  Ti^alier*"  -men  like  Frederic 
Mural.  A*to*y  Rial  JiU  (son  ot  Kernand  Mi.-h.-l-. 

,nd  a  trans- 

btor  ibr  bis  autobiography  in  \.  Dnu.let ..  the  late 
Anselme  llathku  -  -  L-u  hi  libre  di  Pout 
Foleo  de  Baronoclli.  .  t.-..  wh.^.  w,,,k.  full  of  l..,-:d 
color,  irives  force  to  the  Provencal  renaissance  of  to- 
day, the  gcneeb  of  which  is  told  in  the  Felihre  Paul 
liarieton's  -  Ilbtoire  d'une  Kenaisnance.n 


i  m  i  . 

MJ      •  -. 


/. — In  the  well-cultivated  field  of  history, 
local  history  receives  a  -us  share  of  atten- 

tion.    Individual  works  like  D  I>as  friihere 

Kurhesaen."  F.  M&nschne^s  MGes.-hi.-l.'.    \    n    li- 
nen," G.  Wuj»tmannV  "  Ouellen  zur  Gcwhieln 
ziirm"  R.  HoltzapfelV  fel)as  Kiiuigreich  XS .  -th.l.-n." 
Kichar  M.-ulin  K.-kart's  noteworthy  u Bay- 

ern  und  da*  Mmi.-terium  Montgelas.l799-1817t"  Joa. 
v.  Zahn'n  M  Steiennark  im  Kartcnbilde  der  7. 
XV  H.\-r-»  -  Bibliofrraphie  »b-r  w  imternbcrgiHchen 
O«schicht«,n  and  V«.n  Seharfenort'H  "Die  Pajren  am 
brandenbunrisch-prcussischcn  Hofe.  1415-1895  " :  and 
"  publications,  such  an  u  Kor*chunjren  zur  dc  ut- 
Lande*-  un«l  Volkskunde'1;  "Die  Chroniken 
Stidte";  u  Forsehun^'en  7.ur  brandcn- 
und  i  liichte"  i  \ 

•  Mark  Brandenburjr) :  uBau-  und 
Kunst'i-  I  XVe.tpr.-ussen"; 
bandlunfren  zur  Landeakunde   der    Pmvinz  West- 

.t.urgisches     rrkund.-nbueh, 
\  dem  Verein    fur  me*-!-  iie   (J<- 

Altenhumskunde  "  :  -  Dortmund*  l  r~ 
:  •      Kunst<lenkmaler 
derRheinpr  n  d.  r  (iesellschaft 

f&r   rheinbche   Gescbicht-k  !:e(rcsten  der 

Pfalamfeo  am  I:  tretiten  der  Mar 

von  Baden  und    HaehU-rv.  • --.erl.a- 

•  ••    .    '  ."  :f,  i  Alb.  Kr':.-L'.  r'-  -  T" 
1-nrrsphiKohea    Worterbuch    dea    <•  -hums 
Baden,"  all  four  issued  by  the  Badiach. 

^      .  -    M   •• 

and  -  WestfaJlechesUrkundeubu 

•tted  bv  the  Verein  fQr  Gescbiehte  und   Altertums- 
•  ,     ..  -    Hsmbuiyu»chen 
•taMaa":  M!Iansiacbe  G<*chichtsaucllen,  hr- 
»«*sin  fttr  han*t*che  Geachieht4-  ';    "  XVirt*-:. 
fclbss  Urkundcnbuch ** :  -  Trkunden  und  Aktcnder 
Kladi    Bcraaabuv";   •»  Re^esta  dipUunatica   i 

•  :*  Thuriniriie^  r  thu- 

Utertumskui 
•nd  Kunsfdenkmaler  Thfirir 

lOawhiehtabibliothek";  ** Codex  diploma- 

triire  zur  - 

-Beschn-ibt-nde    Dan-tellun^ 
und  Kun».-  I'rovinz 

wen  und  ancrnitetxler  • 

Pmvinz    Sachsen": 


birtoriaebeo 


der 


' 

18.  Jahrh.";    "  l-«-i^.  h 
tentnrgajohichuj  !  ny.  M-M  K 

Quellenaohrifien  und  AMia- 
SlaaU-.   Kultur -.  und   KoMtMuehichti! 

Stadt  Hot'"-   ull,  aj-art   I'MMI  tlu-ir  im-rit- 
attent  t««  tin-  a.-tivi-  ^|•^!•  •  ,,  Vu, 

oun   portii  of  tin-  tin] 
.-.     Aii>trian   hi 

-l'iTu''H     lit. 

whoso  u  A  i 

\ii!»i:r\\u)ilt«-  .s.-liritti-n  "  r  tlu-i'r 

ruiiiiiuhtriiirjiiiiin";«Jrt 

StrakoBch-Gromuiann '-  "tt^B 

•  t".,«|,  |,nt 

"  c^111'"1'"  ror  Geacbichti  d«-r  Stadt  \Vj.  •• 

and  W.  l'..rtir>  "  Dnikwuni 

und  k.  Feldmarachall-Lieutenanl  I.u.l^ 

dcr  (icrtnuncn  "  lnu*  appeared,  as  has  n 

ninl  la.-t  volume  «•!'"  Kultur^i 
im  Mittelalter."  l-y  tin-  l:it< 

.HM-d  und  thorough  "  I»a>  Kanar'n  : 
Mipport.-*  liis  lln-orv  that  the  al.oritriiial  i: 
tin-  Canary  Islands  \v»-rc  of  (;.Tinan: 
Tln-r. 

nou.s  litrratun-  on  tin-  I  •  >  w9b] 

tin-   ccU-lirations  of  the    t \\i-nty- tiftli   in 
that  c-v«-nt  have  j/ivi-u  a  apeciaf  it.,  i-  aae, 

popular  character  has  M-I -n  tin-  li^ht  II. 
"Aus  growwr  Z<-it:  kleim  Krinm -rutiir 
"Die  .1 

l-'rankrt-i.-h."   «-ti-.      In   the    delui/> 

reniini 

Iiois  Ipul'lislicd  in  the  l>  Deuts.-hi-  ! 
railed  forth  l>y  this  renewed  interest  ii, 
OUH  generally  ueeept«-<i  historieal  . 

My  liHxlilied.  The  "  Kins'iedlcr  . 
\\ald"  holds  an  important  plaeein  tl .- 
the  year,  there  having  l«een  a  >\\arm  • 

ivk  literature.     II.  v.  Posch 
the  ex-Chancellor^  "Anspraehen  "  and 
j:e>praehe  und    Interviews":  Jlor>t   Kolil. 
med  his  "  Pol5tis<'he   lieden  "  in    1 'J  vo! 
gun  a  "  Hismarek  .lalirlmeli."    "  HiMinn 

><-huI/.e  ami  <>.  Koll.r.  is  a  hihl: 
pages  ;  an<l  "  I'n-i-r  Hismarek  "  is  a  eoll,-cti 
injfwby  thewell-known  ( '.  XV.  All.  • 

.  un.l  A  Hers  "—has  been  written  I 
Himnurek  naturally  fonns  also  an  imp-  • 

\  \  and  VII  ol  the  late  Ileinrieh  von 

•  ndunjf  den  deut-<  hen    ; 
I."     Amoru'  iart'e  nun. 

graphs   arc    Krn-t    HatlterV*    life 
n:it«-h,  irrneral   «•}'  the   • 

";  "  KrinnerunL'eii   aus  dern   I.. 
Viktor  v.  I-nruh,  1^(" 

:iti  "opjKirlune  und  instruetive  ! •\«'_'n\ 
dolf  Thii-lt-V  "  Krn-t   M'-rit/  Arn.lt  :  -em 
Arheiten    fur    I  >.-iitsehlands    Kn 
und  (;r«-ss4-** ;  and  "  A 
von    1;  Auf/eiehr. 

Other  historieal    w« >i 
14  Kinleitunt'  in  da"  Mudium  der  alten  < 

nii-riH" 

lipniM»n'.H  u  Kin  MinisH-rium  unit  r  I'hi! 
nul   (iranvt-lla  am   Hpnni- -I. en    II 
Alfred    St.-  :;i.-hte    Kuropa*   K' 

tailed  and  too  »ki-r.-!  1   \.  I^ 

hte    der    IndoCUl 

effort  of  u  spi-eiulist  in  another  field  to  di 

problem.*   "f  r,, 

Thode's  charming'  -if.ani"  i 

or  fiction  ?)  ii*  a  bit  of  the 

rinsr  in  question  \*  the  one  that  wus  (riven 

Ionia  Lang  to  her  husband.  <'hri>t"pher.  ' 

gipani,  in  1513.    Among  the  additions  to  t 


LITKBATTBK.  COSTIXBSTAI-,   IN 


.: 


feo,  2£S*Jiy1e  Africa.  OT    «W.*       '°*  J'  W"1"M"X  "'  ~^mt:  ate  «•*.    . 

Rmfc  •**•!•  to  MtaifUv^MflBiM 

-    4....       -      ••  '.    •  .    . 

B3ES333&S 


l»rhl 


.  -•'     - 


rr*\  *ki 
MMtavh1*;  MH!  Johannr* 

-t-rhe    Eritf^MI-   (CM. 

not  Molloor,  Mtbor  of  •  Uto- 


•ioMtnl    m»(l>r(t.  i»t   M  -r:t/   »    «rr..  r.     .»_•  .   •.   !.  -.>>,:•.        .'     •       |(|  H        ;      •    \!  .  .  S^b^< 

sCkMi^ki«  ^i£iw!^  ^irf^iSiK^Mllfe^  Mjy^. '  ^ 

*  »i»i.  _ .  x  ^ 


•H  nnOTWWBMi  mu  KiMMtV  *  I»  lbM«Mt  * . 

»»  Kr.i|riii  n      *•.  M. 

^f-      *°  B^-^^^lr^??  "Tltlmtf  f*^^!*   lZ       ^nl> ""y^^ _*  .H*^1  ^* ***     ^*B"*  *  •      •W'4-    y**' 

'•<!.•»..•     '  A  .  •  '  •  '. 

«M^WICBB          I'M     JOBMMMIvr         MM  |M»      Ml      •• 

>*ti.      in  iitrr»r\  iiiMiocy, BMNMfTBplu  oC inotw     worth T  •iMBMf  ••  tkv  pw  ••  f"Nrtnr  In  *••••• 
*   UM  ' —  -     -  .«.   II    1I....1 .  _  k/__ 


-    ;     •  .    .      ,,--.. 


I.ITKKATl'Ki:.  n.NTINKXTAL.  IN    1895. 


Johanna  Ambrmius  (Frau  Voigt),  a  »implc  pea*nnt 
-'--•   '  4  edition*  wlth- 


oaiua  (Frau 
Pnwaia,  ran 

*. 


womanof 

in  three  month*.  n  poverty  and  luiMM, 

the*e  vervca,  tinged  with  sadncaa,  are  noteworthy  ex- 
ample* of  popular  poetry.    <  >n  the  atagc,  the 
drama,  dealing  with  aocial  and  aexual  i>t 

era**,  *outetime*  drained  reaJi*m    and 


aaiitad  with  craa*,  aooMttmea  utraincd  reali*m  and 
Mud  ted  commonplace,  ia  having  it*  day.  A.  Wil- 
brandtV  -Viola*;  Fulda'»  come.r 

K.  Philipp.'  nenweg1*;  Max  l> 

•»Drel>'(apicceof  pByolMeoftoaJ  m  -tirnllv 

pntentrd  by  a  n<  11.  Sudermann's  ••  (ilu.-k 

: fully  constructed,  but  not  without 
fault*    and    wemknee*- 

•uhm"   nml    hi*  drama  "I                      I  but  " 
(conventional  in  action,  but  marked   by  a  -tn 
naluralnc**   .                               the  pr»'n. 
effort  «  '                                 Ml  He\i  nki-M-1."  tin-  tirst 
play  of  Georg  Engel,  known  aa  the  author  of  some 
rralirtie    novel*;    the     


l>ea  ttonnenreichea  Untergang"  (dealing  with  the 
conque*t  of  the  land  of  the  UMM)  ami  "  (iordon 
Pa»cha/'aft-actdrama.by  Wolfe.  Kirclibach  ;  the  far- 
cical "Zwci  Wap|H-n.*'  by  Bluincnthal  and  Kadelbur^; 
Moaarand  TrothVa  comedy  u  Der  Militirhtoat 
ifaaerii  one  hundredth  plu\  ;  the  farce  ••  Der  groaae 
KomeVbyl  Rgm," 

by  Kdutrd  JVordma**  (Frau  Agnc*  Langkanmn T>, 
have  all  been  produce*!  with  success.  Other  new- 
play*  are  Arthur  -  ••  I'.i-  Man-hen"  .the 
old  problem  of  the-  fallen  woman)  and  Max  Nordaifs 

h  ha-  n>it  the  tnnrieclleet  intended 

by  the  author).  Paul  Lindau  ha*  issued  dramaturgic 
aaaaya,  M  Vorspiele  auf  dern  Theater  " ;  and  2  book* 
by  acton  are  Ad.  Matkowak  %  -,  Frcmdca  " 

and  Rmil  Thomas's  -40  Jahre  Schoiwpi. 

QfWOa.— Valuable  and  intm-Ming  historical  publi- 
cation* are  Paul  Cal  lisas'-  imj»>rtant  "Studies  of  By- 
santinc  History  from  the  First  to  the  Final  ConqtMaTO 
Constantinople " ;  the  posthumous  "History  of  the 
Dcspota  of  Epiru*,"  by  J.  Romano*,  "  the  beet  Cornote 
historian";  a  readable  compendium  on  the  history  of 
Corfu  by  A.  Hidromenon;  F.  Albana's  valuable 
pamnhle't  on  -  The  Title*  of  Mobility  in  Corfu  and 

ulal  Syntcm  w;  and  a  u  History  of  the  Old  Asi- 
atic People*,*  by  P.  Carolides.     E.'Stamatiadea  baa 
written  the  fir*t  biography  of  Jacob    Ba-il 
Kantian  adventurer  who  *at  on  the  throne  of  Mol- 
davia during    IMl-'flS,  and     "  Detnetrius    I'hal.  r«  us 
and  A  then*  "  i*  the  aubjcct  of  a  monojrnij.l.  b^ 
pasta.    Archaeological  publications  in.-lude  pamphlets 
by  A.  Skia*  •"< 'ontributiotiH  u>  the  Topography  of 
A  then*")  and  C.  Lambro*  ("The  <'ui>pinir  Glasses 

.pper*  of  the  Ancient* ">  and  the  li-ts.  by  p. 
Cartrioti*  and  B.  Leonardo*,  of  the  antiquities  in  the 
moaeum  of  the  Acropolt*  and  at  <  Mympia.  respect  i  v<  -1  v. 
N.  Politt*  write*  with  knowledge  of"  Popular  Co*mo- 
rraphic  Myth*":  V  -f  "  Education  and  !'..v- 

ertjr  in  the  Last  Ten  Year*  n ;  and  J.  Mesolora*.  of  tho 
•  Confeaaiona  of  Fait  h  "  of  the  Qroak  Catholic  Church. 

iambroa  haa  compiled  a  u  Catalogue  ,,f  the 
Mano*criptaon  Mount  Atho*."  An  admirable, 
Irarmd  treatbe  on  -  Greek  Meter*,"  by  D.  8emitclo*, 
Ik*  -  Philological  Advcraaria"  of  C.  Con  to*,  and  a 
MlUtoryof  mture,"  by  G.  Mi 

tribal*  to  our  knowledge  of  ancient  Greece,    In  the 
•    .-,!    ,  -..  r •  ,  f  the  material 
in  periodical*  ha*  found  it*  way  into  book 
Prominent  new  book*  in  thin  field  are  u  Island 
HTbf  A.  EphUliotla,  "a  master  of  the  popular 
I";  the  -  Fir*t  Fain  Talc*,"  also  written  in  the 
fC.  Paaaajanni*  <a  new  man.  of  much 
hi»  idiotii»ni«>  i ;  and  D.  Bcrnardakix's 
tragedy.  *•  Fau«ta." 

—There  i*  again  much   activity  to  report 
f»rtment  of  hi*tory,and  the  aerial  "<m.l- 
>''»»  the  mediun    •  ),  Il>anv  im. 

oitant  raMarihia  are  brought  before  the  public. 
Tho  late  ProT.  JofiaaenV  valuable  historieal  ntudie* 
»aw«  been  reprinted:  Van  Arkel  and  \\  •  >-rnann 


Ore*k 


•MBrinaT 
Aim.    Pm 


have  written  an  Uloatrated  deacription  of  the 


•lie  nortliwi  stern    part   of  Ib.ll..,,, 
Kliuttel   i.-«  isMiinu'  »n 
stand  der  Neder'.  iitholiekeii  i< 

Kepuliliek  "  ;  and  l>r.  van  1 ' 
hi-t.-rv  ..f  the    Dutch   in   .1;. 

' 
A    J 

\     IlartniHiiir.s    ••  Kepeitoriu: 
teratu  i;r,!«  i  I..M.I 

in    Tij.lsi  i 

indrukken  en   Heriiuierii.^i  n  ui: 

and    W.   K.    11.    \N  imderlich's  ••  In-uliin 

\'olk  van  Nedurlandsch-Ind 

II.    C.    M.    \:m     NNiek. 

"  K.  n   In  rle\i nd  V..lk  :  If  t 

en  teru^  "   al-o  d, 

c.  Sn..iik  11  ..H  beeni 

li-hed  alter  all.     1..  I. errand  i-  tlie  aiitl. 
hdiiedeliis  d< 

J.    1..   Alherdinjfk   Thijm.    ' 
zamelde  Opstellen."      \\  orks   r'.l    i, 
tory  an- :  W.  (  ,ck's  learned  "  I! 

.  dellis.  '  DC  .lell^d   vaii 

>     \    N  a  be  r's  firoi-Jniri   "N'ierTij.i 

with   (M.  Busk.-n    Ilu.t.  K.  .1.  Kiehl.  .1.  'I 

"bet,  the   essays    bein^'    described   ax   per* 
recollections  rather  than  scholarly  i 

•  !i  en    Bock- 

,ini>cences  and   literal  ;    \\    < , 

Nouhuys's  "  Walt  Whitman";  tin 
of  the  wife  of  Multatuli  -the  . 
edited    by   .lulius    !'.<•.  <.nc  of  the   i 
the  many  books  dealing  with   that   wri' 
finely    illustrated   "(ieseliiedeniw    di 

ikunde"  .Ian  Ten  Brink. 
We  are  told  that  although  !• 
pean-d.  the  proporti"!i  oi'promi-in./  w«.rl. 
c  r.  the  turbulent  n.o\ement  of  tl.< 
ment.  which  beL'an  alx>ut  fifteen 

extraordinary  in  re.-u! 
maker  '  Sterk  in  I.eed." 

terization.    Mr-.  Qamaker-Broosh< 

"  has  been  commended  a- 
really  Dutch  "  product.  More  n, 
'•  Oin  bet  (Jcluk,"  by  Mrs.  Knuttel-Fnl 

:  Van   Nievelt.  while  a  link  betv- 
new  JHLS  been  found  in   Mr-.  Ti.en -e   ]|> 
don\  MI  '.  who  is  becoming  more  m<«leni 

publi-hed   two  -h.-rt    : 
-••wegiug"and  "  Xonder  Ilh. 
of  tales.     A.  Werumen>  Bulling,  authoi 
en  buiten  l'><  urned  a  «ell-<leM 

tion  o«  an  artistic  writer  of  sea  *t 
rath.  Alberdin-rk   Thym,  who  hn- 

: 

for  utili/intr  sen>ational   oc, 

topic*  for  her  nov. 

n  fill  arti-t. 

inut<-  ana! 
' 

-tcit")  has  not  enjoyed    his  usual 
hi-  in  :  ''  a  tour  throng. 

I.ady    N 

perhaps,  ollerin.- 
for  a  di-play  of  thrilliriir  p"w  . 
uncanny  and  unu.-ual    u*   his   fbrn 
fWK-ial  life  in  Hoi]., 
a  touch  of  pe— imism.     Two  ; 

meiitir.n  :  the    author   of 
military  story,  and  .1.  Morgan  de  < 

,'ide  a  '-fir  with  "  Dai."  whi<-: 
"Bouton  >!• 

to  lie  in  an  undue  strainiiiL'  after  new  expressiool 
an  overconcise    style.     <  .  jj 
hanna  van  Woude's  "Van  de  Muziek  d 


LITERATURE,  CONTINENTAL,  IX  UM. 

a*aa*rialinai 


BuiumbuU."  and  L. 

i.  u.uintf  .11 


<•«««.    Book*  bv  MM  of    Jn  i     f     ••  liliinlir.  i 
lo^omiS^of bJh.  biSi     !%w;£ll  Saf^ESU 

,  :.i  ,M  , .     ..•..    •.  ".       ...-•..  i. 


lla  1*i  !!!•••  Clam  Maflai  *  M«a«a*  a  olrfUaW 
of  botk  Utorarr  aatd  naaMaal  a^MaM.     1»> 

.  • 


ffBBfftliffM     ol^    Ifc^^ia      litaVaTKW      alm^ril      a^a^^a^LaW 

&^SsraSS-^ri!i 


.-I  of   „:..     :. 


.     ,  .      :  • 


• 


I  >    . 


....  . 


wn 


blbatkn  of  a 

mU**rKuJa- 
uiain  ob- 

M—       •     _     ....Kll-, 

Ofwu»  puDiic 
the 


MonarohU  df   tevok,*  U.   Aorfr 

TrairiMUii^  -Moral  at  feata  a.i 

..lie     111    r    .1,    •    .».-uf    ,n     |U...<      I 

Ml) 

g  B^^^a^aV         aVteiM  I          '  •   "  t 

i"fT.     r  fvocv  aUmra  w  <M«VI  v  iui  •  i 

loaiitliiMf irti  •lo»QiTb»y4*o«4  1. 

VHH  V        VlMWw     •PaW*^  C 

iMoaama* 


..-»  «t».   ana- 
10  nation*,  litcrmtuf* 
Mtrw  kw  than  UMial  baa 
«•  MOM  work*  of 

.....  >n  Ii  volunxm,  ol"84n- 


hrrw.     -  Nu-*v«  l.inatt  iiiUlu*  *  i*  »*«<*•.  a 
haaa  «ataad  by  Baam.  M...  •*  .  •  i*  .  .  **«*t  *  Tte 
Vittorto  g  .......  Ii  IU*  by  atW,*^  »||  imi  I;  • 

CbL  S^wiao  Zam»Un^  UavtoTJi  Ci«m  **  IW 


ttJ 


I.ITKKATURE,  CONTINENTAL,  IN   1895. 


death  wa*  celebrated  by  solemn  and  imposing  public 
eaNNMNtiea,  and  unofficially  by  tin*  publication  of  a 

•       •  .,    ......  :./    u>>.    '.<..     ,  ..,;.       An.-,  io 

HolertiV  3-voluni-  .unto  Taw- 

reault  of  conacientioua  aiul  impartial  n 
the  veil  of  romance  front  nm<-h  in  Tai«- 
a*  hi*  love  for  the  aiau-r  <•>  l>uk.   AH'.. two.     We  are 
it  aomeof  the  critic*  Mill  find  it  difficult  to 
iu  T*JW-'*  madnvaa,ai 

/race.    SolerU  in  also  issuing  an 
<>f   Taiwo'*   minor   work*   in    10   volume*. 
Farther  booka  oonccrned  with  Taaao  are  V.  Priii- 
citalir*  "T-.rmiaio  Taaao  a  Koma"  and  "Torquato 
a-n  nrlla  \  ita  o  iiclle  O|*  •  e*sful 


a  volume  on  Balzac  ;  and  Carl  Ncerup,  a 

l-.UlT 

in  hih  clever  CHMI\  ^  on  eoiitein|><  i 

Collia,  in  u  Kunaten  <^   Moralen  :   Hij.lrai.'  til  v~*^ 

..iHinrns  Digterw  oX'    Kritik' 
though  la 

art,  attacking  iiaturaliMii,  and  ha.-  uroi. 
CUSsiotl.      11-  _'•  li.iiiiMii  ha.H   a^raiti    toiuul    . 

•pher  11.  «'.  llariHcn. 
It  in  JM  rhaj-h  in  tin-   Held  of  b*U< 
of  the  moat  noteworthy  publicationn  hu\e  apP 
Jonas  Lie  has  given  Vein  t 
two  Volumes  ••!'  ]K-ciiliar  tr,  nd/r.  f.-ii  e   • 


piece*  of  biography,  but    indiilt  rently  written  ">;  F.  l>«en  pronounced  \rritai>l<    i, 

VbmaraNi*  rquato  TaiMO  rispecchiato  simplicity.     Arno  Garhorg's  quuhi 

h.  Pa      iu"s  "  I  Gcnitori  d  ing  ....-•  ,  botl    th<    :  •<  nrj  •  nj  IK  und  d  ai>.  t-.  l.ril- 

TMnuat/t   TMMO":   Knri.-o    Pn>to's  "  Kinaldo  "  :  Bel-  lianey.   intr«.*t,«  -etimi    rather  than    en  ai 


ToTQuato  Ta**o";  F.nri.-o   Proto's  "Kinaldo 
loniv  *  Kpigoni  della  Geruaalemme  liU-rata":  and 
hooka  on  -  Arainta,"  by  (iuido  Fortebracci  and  Char- 
lotte Bantu    Other  contribution*  to  literary  i 
and  crilicbm  are :  A.  d'Anomm  m. 
nualcdrll*  Letteratora  italiana"  .tilth  and  last  vol- 
ume); B.  ZurabinPs  "Studi  *ul  IVtrarca 
"  Contril'uti   agli   Studi  sul   Boer:.  .  .l-ri>'> 

Alrteriani  "  .    I      1      I' tain   '-  "  I  :' 

ita   nei    principal!    Pocti    Italia-     ".    & 
••  La  I'lH-siu  sieiliana  sotto  gli  S\e\iM;  Mar- 
UnftMII  Teatro";  Novati  Flamini's  "Studi  eritici"; 
a  \olume  of  literary  criticim  -.which  hat* 

aroused  unusual  interest  and  elided  some  acrimonious 
replies;  F.  Flamini's  -  Studi  di  Storia  Utteraria  italia- 
na e  straniera" :  E.  Portal's  "  Seritti  vari  «li  I 
tura  provenzale  " :  P.  ToldoV  "  < 'mitrihuto  ullo  Studio 
della  Novella  francese  del  X  \  olo  " ;  Giac. 

Banellottrs-Ippolito  Taine":  A.  Foa's  "Studi  di 
Letteratura  tedeaca" :  and  G.  M.  Sealinger's  u  Ibsen." 
Novel*  are  aa  usual  exceedingly  numerous,  and 
noteworthy  onea  very  much  leas  so.  Gahrielc  d'An- 
nunzio.  whose  sty le  one  Italian  critic  finds  labored 
and  affected,  is  in  vogue  just  now.  His  novel  u  Le 
Vergini  delle  Rocce"  (first  published  in  -II  Con 
vito."  the  dainty  organ  of  u  Young  Italy  ")  is  tlie  first 
of  the  "  Romanzi  del  Giglio."  D'Annunzio  appears 
to  have  a  decided  preference  for  French  critics  and 
reader*,  in  which  connection  we  are  reminded  that 
there  i*  much  imitating  of  the  French  among  Italian 
novclbu,  and  that  French  books  are  much  read  in 
Italy.  Giuseppe  Errico  publishes  four  sad  but 
cleverly  written  vtories  of  poverty  and  sorrow  under 
iavi  bianchi.''  Further  new 

fiction,  named  without  comment:  La  Marchc*a  Co- 
lombp*  u  Cara  Speranza  " ;  E.  Kuta's  "  II  (iusta  d'ama- 
rc";  A.  G.  Barrili's  -  Fior  «i  •  '  astelnuovo's 

"LVmorevole    Polo    Leonforto";    and    L.    Arhib's 

*  Catena."1    Of  poetry,  there  is  even  les*  to  say.    Car- 
daoeft  "Ode  to  the  City  of  Ferrara,"  written  in  honor 
of  the  Taaao  commemoration,  i*  criticised  as  obscure, 
like  much  of  his  recent  work.     <;;-. \-anni   I'ascoli, 
hailed  a*  a  new  poet,  has  issued  u  M  rd  edi- 
tion),   lib  poetry,  though  somewhat   labored  and 
obscure  in  language,  i*  chaste  and  simple  in  ton.  and 
thought,  and  *harea  the  melancholy  which,  we  are 
told,  characterize*  all  modern  Italian  poetry.     The 
drama  -  La  Soltera,"  by  O.  Sinovoli,  a  schoolmaster, 
treating  of  the  lamentable  condition  of  the  workmen 
fal  the  fulphur  pit*  of  Sicily,  enjoyed  a  triumphant 
••eaaaa  in  that  i»land— a  success  attributable  to  any 
brn  artistic  eauaea,  for  in  Italy  the  play  was  criticised 
for  to*  awkward  technique  and  clumsy  dialogue, 

•erwrny .-o.  A.  Overland  ha*  completed  his  schol- 
arly htatory  of  Norway  to  1M4.  I>.  s.-hnitler  offers 

•  Blade  af  N«nr«  Kriir»hi*U 

late*  -  Dm  Non.k«-  Kirke*  HUtorie  i  det  16.  Aarhun- 
drede.w  An  admirable  monograph  on  the  u  father  ot 
Norwririan  painting,"  -Profe*aor  f.Iohan  Christian] 
Dahl :  H  8tv\ka  *f  A.rhundredetoKunst-  o^  Kultur- 
Matork,*  U  by  the  art  critic  Andreas  Auln  rt,  and  K. 
Dafale  tdla  ot "  R6m*  Kobberva-rk,  1044-1894."  8. 
Bumr*  offrr*  a  -  Bi^ra*  til  den  *ld*te  Skaltedigt- 
•hifa  Hiatorie  - ;  Erik  Lie,  a  »on  of  Jonas,  has  w  ritten 


language,  both  the  literary  t<>nk'uc  and  dialects.  !•••• 

.'liVr  than 

arent    in  "  h  red  "  and  "  ll:i 
so    nai\el>     gentle    that    hi*    "  n."i  hi.. 
irind  lly  to  ha\e  had  part  it 

Knnt  HaniMin.  n-'ted  tor  I. 
and  audacious,  though  M>mc\\hat  »i 

.  :  at  l.r.jtnant  Thoma>  lilal  • 
daring  love  scene.-*  and  inter 

..lid      deeply     poetical     dcM-riplio||- 
.illie  deep  foVe   t'.   ' 

of  coast  life  }>\  Tlionias  P.  Kratr  i  author  of  "Mul 
Jens  Tvedt,  who  has  drau  n  -u.-h  i 
I'ul    pictures  of  Norwegian    j.ea.-ant    lit. 
have  adoi.ted  .-\  nd".i;.-in  in 

rattier  stiff  dc>pitc  its  gorgeousness.     1  i  -  v 
in  the  popular  dialect,  as  does  alt" 
the  peasant  poet,  to  w) 
and  who  hi,  mueh   in  "  Skn! 

!      Kinck,  who  u 

diale<-t  in   a  MiaMcrly  ht\le.  with   life 

the  beautiful  Ilardanger  Fiord  in  I  "  Flag- 

Mrmn 

Hanr-    Seland.   and    the    sculptor    M 

also  describe  peasant  life  in  \arii-u>  par:- 

dom.  iu  stories  and  sketches  n.-r«   <>r  ;. 

in  character,  while  Rosenkrantz  ,lo),ns.  n'.-     K:.j  r.  ;i 

Anpenea' Daughter"  deaU  with  the  lit'. 

Gloomy   pictures    of  Bergen    life   are    : 

Th  cod  or  Mad  sen's  graphi.-  "  I    hritt"  and  in  MIV 

fessor  Hieronytni  Amalie  Skram,  u 

cious  naturalist.    Joyless  and  gloom  \  1 1 

-red  1>\   tin    •  nat 

l.riel  Finne!  who  ha*  published  "  I»r.  \N  a! 
"Unge  Syndere"  (short  itoriea), "To  l»i 
the  somewhat  less  unpl«:  •-•l":ai 

Lie  (son  of  Jonas),  discreet  in  method,  in  ' 
(novel)  and  "Streif"  (collection 
the  other  hand,  a  joyful  view  of  life  is  ex 
the  works  of  Hans  Aagard  and  of  Hernt  1 
•  t  MOII-J.  \\hose  richly  colored  wor 
in  evidence  in  "Justus  llj.-lm."     ' 
fald"  is  described   as 
merit  and  humor.     Flirtation  is  again  the 
lijaln.;  In  "  Mat    BUI"; 

woman"  ii*  ]H>nrayed  with  Home  original 
vilde  Prydz1*  u  Menncsker"  and  4>  1  Tom  " ; 
of  woman  are  advocated  in  1I<  :<  n>  hi 

'  and  "  Kllen.v  and  in  tin-  novi -1*  and  j 
Anna  Munch, wbo*c  keenly  j  ••• 

truer  M  is  the  work  of  a  sympathetic  art 
new  fiction  includes  J.  VibeSl  M  <'m  tu.-.  mi  .' 
Hanw-  n  hiem,"and  J.  ! 

nernaturer."  Lyrical  poetry  is  be; 
number  of  very  talented  young  wr 
Vogt  (author  of  the  romance  "Fan, 

.use  of  a  passionate  delight  in  1- 
life;  M-l.jorn   (»b-.tfel«ler.   a  "gentle 
deep  ft-elinir.  is*  iK-rhups  not  an  intcllicil 
era!  publi<-  in  hi*  tender  and  peculiarly  i: 

as  in  his  melancholy  novel  "  L. 
helm  Krag  (author  of  the  prose  poem* 
premes  the  rich  variety  and  color  of  hi 
tender,  melodious  verse.    Otto  Binding. 
has  issued  a  collection  of  gloomy  and  htrui.. 


UTUUTUB*  roNTIXEXTAL.  IX   UK 


.. 


^fe   ^-^;   T-   Maa^-^ri^H..^     till.  - Th.  X~~ia  oT  U* % ~4  -  X—  *+^f> 

roawr  W«a«a«r 
an.i-AlvorMn»od.MnMkaafaaatiml     ^  "J»«  Agliiiiti  oT  fWtaav 


Mia 


MM  (MMbor   .1. 


t.cr.'-a,  .nhUftOT-      «oaMO.  kM  MMMtad  A  b«a6  M» 

*iif«  Rower,-  dm|Hi.  lu  .jmr  -     bWbr*  VUoM,"  M)  1C.  Kmm**tfltm  k-*J  .  ,^ 
•erur  ,.|.  •  Mroof  ImrMioa  :    MlMbrtof     t*r*a«  of  iW  tr»^i-»  «/  JUHl^L 


.  Wol»v«4l^  •  Tmnra  I 
«M> 


fjfiTMMl  oT    Kkh  Si'  Wk>.  -  b,  M.  lUli^.i.  mA  -  TW 
tory  oT  lh*  l*o!W»     bjra.Orvbwr.S««««Mo4M«Mmi»iW 

"1          g" 


War*'  Priandahlts"  anil  in  1'oliah  1 
fourth  and  bat  tolume 


tan  w«  |MV«  tlM  fbwtli  and  la«t  Tolnow  < 

•    •  i  •, 


\     K-:  •:.-      P»J     - 

'  Fault. "; 


^.IrwksVBofl 

f»."tb*  In*  loot 
l^th  nf  ,h^  8w.UowV-nd  abort  • 


l.ITKRATDRE,  CONTINI-NTAL.  IN  18W. 


tanr  Question."     The  Franco-  Russian 

(Spillage*  de  U  SocieU  modt  r 
reduces  to  fijrurea  the  time  and  money  l<*t  t 
militarism,  hun-u  tic  ratio    red    Upc,  lawsuits,  tariffs, 

Ivanof  has  ma-i 
oernin^ 
atrr  in  Connection  u  a!  Kijrht- 

' 

Moscow  assiduously  pursues  the  study  of  it*  s|  •> 
;-..-•      •      i.-.  r',  -i    n  i.  .  .•!  Q|  uid  M  If  ralton   is 

•.IMI"  t»ii  tlit-   Demands  of  t! 

r  •  .  •  ,  h  •  ,-  ,  i  th,  Intellectual  Classca  with 
Reference  to  Education  nn<l  (  'ultiire  "  (second  editi.  m  , 
a^Rttbakin'a"  Study  of  the  Russian  Reading  I1..). 
lie,*1  and  finds  expression  in  the  activit  y  .,j  the  -  <  <>.,,- 
iucation  "  of  Moscow  and  St.  Petersburg 
and  Uie  Moaoow  Commiaakm  for  i  !  ••...).  ..f 

Home  Reading,  whoac  traveling  lecturer  an-  turtlu  r 
Ing  Uie  cauae  of  D  Tin-  iii.|H,r- 

tance  of  tin*  movement  is  poinftad  out  by  a  Russian 

who  states  tersely  that  misrule  ami  ic' 
"  srv  the  principal  plaguca  of  contemporary  Russia." 
connoction  we  note  the  increase  in  ponular 
scientific  works,  many  of  them  translati  \     & 

Baakin.  in  tt  Russian  Composers,"  deals  wit);    1     I 
TohaikovakL    In  literary  hist  -t  important 

publicationa  are  VengeroPa  u  Russian  Poetry  " 
of  poet*  of  the  eighteenth  and  early  nineteenth  «  n- 
tunes);   I.  ZhdanoPa  "The  Ruiwian   11 
the  work  of  an  authority  mi  juu-it-nt  Bmlajn  liu-ni- 
tuir  ;  and  V.  OolUcfs  "  Li;  hea." 

Wo  especially  important  work  of  fiction  has  seen 

the  lijfht.     D.  Mamin-Sihirink  dc*criba»  life  in  the 

Ural  territory  in  "Sibirian  Tal«*,"  gives  a  pyiupa 

and  humorous  picture  «f  litmirv  Bohemuuv 

iwn  in  -urL'  in  "  ^ 

Pepko,*1  and  unfolds*4  an  entire  epoH  of  l<xal  lit'c  at 
the  time  of  the  economic  revolution"  following  the 
emancipation  of  the  peasantry  in  ••  P,n  a.l."  Holiorni- 
kin.  tlmuirh  always  showing"  litt-rary  skill,  is,  we  are 
l/.l.l.  more  auooeanful  when  ! 


ii].on 

momentary  social  fad  as  a  subj.-.-t  r.-r  his  novels  than 
when  he  in  compelled  to  draw  upon  liis  imacioAtion. 
Thus  he  haa  had  alternately  suc-cc**  and  failure  with 

••  Wane,"  "  Basil  T«-rk  njr  the  Top," 

and  **The  Pleader."    (;arin   continues  his  "Child- 
hood of  Tema"  and  uGvmnasiast«"  in  a  truthful 
f  the  life  of  "The  Students";   Count  Loo 
TotaniVi  u  Master  and   Workman"  met   wit: 
meeeaw;   Sunyukovich    has   writ*  Naval 

Stories";  KorolenkoV  vi-a*  to  Kntrlnn<l  an<l  America 
have  inspired  UA  Free  Kiirht  in  the  House"—  i.  e., 

tu«e  of  Commons—  and  "  Without  a  T< 
(rrlatintr  a  touching  experience  of  some  Russian  emi- 
grants in  New  York):  and  Mine.  Lukhmanof,  a  new 
writer,  has  published  •*  recollections  of  her 
day*  and  a  picture  of  Siberian  life."     It  was  n  j-*.rt«  <1 
thst  <  t  play  uThe  Mi-ht  of 

Darknc**,"  hitherto  prohibited  by  the  censor,  had 
been  performed  with  immense  success. 

Spain-     Historical  works  are,  as  ever,  plentiful  ;  and 
if,  a*  one  American  critic  has  written,  *•  the  new  Kfiirit 
in  htstorinfrraphy  is  hut  slowly  penetrating  th« 
lectaal  irlooov*yc-t  rittoi  h"i>«  -fully  see  im- 

provement. Spanicli  hixtoriam>  arc  industrious,  and 
Rafael  A  Itaniira,  author  of  -  La  Ensefiania  dc 

it,/  inu«-h  to  prepare  the  way  for  new 
methods.  Of  the  voluminous  "  Hi»«toria  geaml  <lc 
ftjrtii,  eaeribi  per  Indi  vi<luo  la  Real 

i-inia  <!<•  ]a  HiMoria  bajo  la  I' 
.anovasdel  Castillo."  ('ua»l.  1-829  have  fn-en  : 
•*•  ohe  newert  v  !i«l«/ 


l^Manns  nafta:      .- 

;:  -•  ria,"  r.  ached 
•     :.  i  v  issued 
Many  contributions  to  local 
sppean-tl.  ti 
searrh.  amnnt'  »»u<-h  h<-inif  1 

de  In  I'mvincia  de  8e- 
-  -  Yarimimto,  prehist/.ricos  de  la 
dcSerilla-;  E.  J.  dc  Labayru  y  Goicoe- 


chca's  •  .-eneral  «!••!  Sen.»rn>  .. 

.'H  M  Mallorca  en  1612  \  i<   la  TuM» 

nijmii...  Mvarez  de  la 

\    A-:  Tarragona    antiirua    y    HUM;, 

'•  A]'!,!  -'u-oa    sobrc    In    Villa    <1> 

ami    M  Rebellion   de    M  i-|.:.V 

Much   attention   is   also    i»ai«l    to   Sjiani.-h   Ai 

.  to  the  study  of  whi.-li  th«-  <  'olumbus  q 

i«-d    im|>»-tu-.     \'<>1.    XIII    ,,f 
' 

c.-l'anola   en    Amni.'a"   and    \'"1     XI 

colled 

have  appeared  ;  J.  <'or<>leu  (lied  \\hni   • 

•     liid«  |-cinl<  iiria  "    hud    I" 
Medina  ha.-  •  ~<>ulirimiento  d< 

\"  ../    '  ..-.  n  |J    n    la  K'  '.i       n    ha-ta    ::'  •  ':i  ii.i'-.iiia  do 

<•ul.an  athiirs  i 
numerous  pamphi< 
jH.liticM   and  the  ijuestion  -.)  h'-inc  ml-  . 

'.uerra  «!<•  Ciil.a."  l.\    ! 
Philippine  Islands  form  the  topi< 

:ia  general  de  las  Islas  Fill) 
•    Kilipinas"  ;  "  IViMi"'' 
Filipina"i  Vol.  IV  .  ;  K.  Con 
]>inas;    1*1'  icngtt 

•.arias."  by  A.  Millan-s. 
Vol.    X.     The    diplomatist     K.    Dujaiy    . 

lios  sobrc  el  .lap  .  'fruit  of 

dire  iii  Yokohama,  and  exj-lains  why  Spanish  inW 
ctK-i-    in    th.      } 

"  ma^'ic    of  style,   ]»ro1'undity    of    th«,u-lt"     In    the 
division    p-otrraphy    \\,-    h.-i\(     •• 


trrati.-a."  a  series  of  1<  in  the 

"'ampos'i*   '•  ! 

and  Soriano  y  Kodriiro'.s  "  Mon»s  \ 
of  a  journey  to  Mel  ilia.    The  tast  Iof4 

studies    rapean    to    have   jrrcatlv  ii 

in   the   inililieation  of  ne\v  workj  on  tl  • 

tinuities  of  Sj.ain,  amoiiL'  wh 

"  Prehistoria  %  Tradi<-i  • 


nulcros  prehistoric-OS  de  ("irinpo/i.i 
Ali-dinu's  "  KMlldios    ».obre    1: 


eiu";   u  Viaje  4  Asturias  pajHUMO 

• 

p--r  <  antal>ria." 

bull  fijrhtint:  have  upfi-ured.  iiu-ludinj;  on 
dela.  u  self-styled  ad<p:  .^ujnia" 


<le!     ' 

1  .«ii  jira'iscd.     An  important  bibliographical 

the  catalogue  of  the  library  of  the  coll. 

ia  F  roii  tern.     The  voluminou>.   lit.  -niti.rc 

Sainz  del   Bur^oV    learned  " 

Cervantes  vindicado  d<  ! 


ai 


la  Litenttom  eapai 

ne«<  in- 

cludint'   Joae    Maria    I',  n  da' 
Valera's  '•  La    hi,  lv<-da\i 

wCuentosn;  Allan  .  ***U 

-  vulirares."  hy  .luan  (Juill.  !  a  ypaj 

writ<-r  of  p;  i    the   proli: 

"  Topjuemada  v  San  1'.  dp.  "  and  • 
Puriratorio."     Father  Coloma. 
a  stir  with   "  Retrutoh 

•'  l'e<|i;.  fainsl  the  vires  attnl'Ul' 

p«  r  «-l;^*es.  and   dcalini:   with    In- 
Further  pn»se  tirtion  iiK-lud<-  .1.   K.   M 
.luan  <i 
tin  HePK-  del  Sitrlo  XIII."  a  histoi, 

,1   Vullc   \  '  Villa 

Ifuerta;  and  M.  Hernandez  Villa. 
vano."     '•  I'-  try.  hoth  lyrical  and  dr.-. 
arc  told,  "visibly  on  the  wane,"  althou 
numerous  younjr  versifiers  "still 
the  semiclnssical    school    of  '  '*"^l» 

ValdeH,  and  Quintann  .  .  .  ,  or  t 
Espronccda  and  Zorilla,"  and   Mcnendcz  y   Pelayo 


IN  isw. 


int*.  I*  UM»  hU  » 

•QC 


• 
.» 


-.cn.k.  \  ill 

Ufi»TtM«ifffcbt 

•    .,    .     M 


^ar  a,r    N     1, 

|V      I.-*      Kr,.,.     J       ....  r-, 

MaltUcI   d«l 


-     ...'.. 


QnwFmlrik 


!     I' 


V.  Krtlbrnr  ••ulho?  atao 
•  atuclu  modem 

to  Win*  »ucoo»kJ  by    Mm 


.rnl.-TW 


»rtn<  IW  ywr:  Offtfw.  v 

25  »•--.  5S!  MfftiMi   '      fti  *<  •? 

.  I^t.  «f»U4 


..•.-.  - 


«4ariAt"  MTTM|M  -  P 

U  A  DO*  of  BMtH  and  •  k^n  aod  •pBf^dM<i« 


t»«portocmrnt  »n<i«  kr«n  aixi  .Tmp.thc«i«    Trrttmivr  J«4ui  PtaMI  t  A^ltar  W.  w.  Hi«rf : 

• 

rhontrtrr*          A^tV«te«W»%    N     \  <>HBMMlMr  o|  t»> 

-  ^    aMMML  «BMI  MVI  AttHMHtaM^i 


• 

.UdtaofamM-     MTW 


.....  , 

-'-•"•        '  :  !•   V.  , 

v      •  •     - 

I' I  •  AMCV^.-^Tb*   ffe^^ft   Ik^taft*    k)AW    ff^MM     fa 


Itt 


I.oUSlANA. 


.  and  when  the  bids  were. 

in  November,  it  was  found  that  Uuids  aggre- 
gating $1.122.000  were  onVn-d.  more  than  half 

r  and  above.    The  Board  of   Li. pi. 
purchased  $200300  at  an  average  pr 

The  levee  bonds  are  also  in  favor,  as  shown  by 
the  fat  t  that  th.  -rain  Levee  B<>a 

damned  $22,000  of  its  first  issue  at  par.  in  June. 

Judicial  Meei-io,,.-A  ,-ase  that  had  b 
the  courts  for  rears  was  set  tied  in  August.  The 
mkof  Shrevejx.rt  refused  to  pay 
its  taxes  of  1890,  on  the  ground  that  the  assess 
ment  wa-  ill.-iral  and  excessive;  that  the  police 
jury  sitting  as  a  board  of  reviewers  had  aBsosscd 
the  st«« -k  of  the  bank,  which  was  in  I'nited 
States  bonds,  exempt  from  taxation  :  and  that 
•  *  '  the  -t.M-k  "f  the  bank  at  a  higher 

rate  than  the  tax  of  individuals  was  in  violation 
of  the  Constitution  of  the  I'nited  States.  A 
rule  to  comjH-1  the  bank  to  settle  or  produce  its 
stock  for  seizure  and  sale  was  tried  and  sustained 
and  made  absolute. 

Kd  neat  ion.— The  latest  report  of  the  public 
schools  available  is  that  for  1894,  made  to  the 
!',.ard  of  Kducation,  Oct.  :',!.  1  si*:,,  by  th.- 
State  Superintendent.  The  enrollment  was  155,- 
926,  and  the  average  attendance  109,435.  The 
total  number  of  public  schools  was  2,746,  an  in- 
crease of  101  over  1893.  The  white  schools 
numbered  1,921,  and  the  colored  825;  3,421 
teachers  were  employed,  of  whom  2,506  were 
white  and  915  colored,  one  third  of  the  force  of 
white  teachers  being  men. 

The  average  annual  expenditure  for  a  puj.il  is 
$4.89  for  tuition;  including  the  whole  cost  of 
the  system,  it  is  $6.91.  The  average  length  of 
school  sessions  in  months  is:  White,  5*69;  col- 
ored, 4-66.  The  total  receipts  of  the  year  1894 
amounted  to  $1.166.995.01,  against  $982,1  l'J.71 
in  1893  and  $1.1M.!M.V,2  in  1892. 

most  prominent  increases  in  revenue  are 
noticeable  in  the  gains  of  current  school  funds 
accruing  from  the  State  tax,  amounting  in  1894 
to  $213.549.62 ;  but  there  was  a  slight  decrease 
of  revenue  from  the  poll  tax,  which  yielded 
$95.028.25.  The  amount  realized  from  jury 
taxes  has  gained  steadily,  showing  in  1894  a  gain 
of  4  per  cent,  being  $143,364.58. 

Another  large  source  of  revenue  for  1894  was 
the  corporation  or  municipal  tax,  though  most 
of  the  $343.681.01  reported  was  levied  by  the 
city  of  New  Orleans.  The  interest  from  the  sales 
of  sixteenth  sections  has  increased  perceptibly. 
The  amount  paid  to  the  school  boards  in  1894 
was  $44.273.88.  Other  receipts  are  from  rent  of 
school  lands  and  such  miscellaneous  sources  as 
fines,  donations,  sale  of  ferries. etc..  and  in  a  few 
eases  loam.  The  aggregate  of  these  in  1894  was 
*.'-•  ;'•  > 

The  expenditures  amounted  to  $:. 
and  the  total  for  the  last  five  years,  ISOO-'M  in- 
.  $3.ia44W7.75.    The  late  Legislature  ap- 
«ied  $1,500  to  aid  the  work  of  teachers' 
••••»"• of  wl»K*  14  of  one  week 
held  in  1894- v5. 

Thr  Sut.  Normal  School  in  ten  years  has  sent 
oat  167  graduates. 


a Chautauqua—  at  Huston,  on  the 
Vicksburg.  Shreveport    and   Pacific    Railroad. 
The  grounds  occupy  15  acres  and  the  auditorium 
JjOOO,  There  Is  a  large  hotel,  a  natatorium, 


and   a  bath  house  supplied   from    the    - 

springs.     It  has  been   in 

and  had  lo:i  pupils  enrolled  in  IM'-V 

1'rodiicts.      A    new    process   for  niinii.. 
phur.  the  Frasrh  method,  ha-  been  put  in  ,',j  ,.n,. 
tion  in  Caleasieu  Pari-h.  at   Sulphur  ('it  v.    T|L 
i-  the  lir-t    time  that  sulphur  ha-   I  r.-n  HquefiS 
in  the  earth  and  removed  m  a  molten  -ta 
as  an   engineering   fent    it    i-   one   of  ti.. 
novel.     The  peculiarity  of  the  Milphur  <i. 

-u  aeronnl  of  the  qnicksan.; 
them,  and  the  enormous  quantities  • 
in  the  sulphur-bearing  rock  it-elf,  n 
tempt-  at  mining  this  sulphur  by  or«l 
impossible.  A  I"  r«  hole  \\a-  sunk.  Mich 

111  pumping  oil.  Superheated 
introduced  under  pressure,  and  t! 
liquefied  and  removed  by  pumps,  like  oil. 

The  cott'.n  crop  for  the  year  endu 
showed  a  large  increase  over  that  of  the  \ 
ing  year,  the  Gulf  States  showing' a  gain 
587  bales;  but  the  prices  were  lower,  tin-  a 
at  New  Orleans  being  5*92  cents.     The  crop  of 

I  ."Ui-iana  alone  was  placed  at  600,000  ba 

The  consumption  in  all  the  mills  in  th< 
was  14-l..'Wt  bales   more   than    in    the    previous* 
;   in  Loui-iaiia  the  gain  was  H.l  . 

The   Cotton  Growers'    Convention,    h. 
Shreveport  in  January,  strongly  a<: 
tion    of   the  cotton    acrca. 

crops,  and  establishment   of  mills  and  factories*. 
ana  resolved  further  "that  it  is  the  sense  <  '  •>.. 
•  •onvention  that  the  legislatures  of  the  cotton- 
grow  ing  States  make  appropriations  with. 
of  creating  a  fund  to  DC  paid  to  tin 
inventor  of  a  plantation  cotton -seed -oil  mill." 
The  Cotton  Bale  Convention  adopted  measapi 
looking  to  uniform  and  improved  baling. 

The  outcome  of  the  rice  crop  this  yea 
discouraging.     The  extreme  high  rate  ,  f  f«,  i-j.- 
which  the  Southern  Pacific  Railway  i-  charging 
on  rough  rice  is  eating  up  from  'J."i  to^opei      :  • 
of  the  value  of  rice.    It  appears  that  t! 
rice  is  greatly  injured  in  the  -ale  by  the  |  : 
of  red  grains  in  large  numbers,  which  i^ 
failure  to  renew  the  s. 

According  to  the  annual  sugar  I 
Bouchereaa,  which  is  the  recogni/ed  an 
on  the  sugar  crop  of  the  State,  tin  yi- 
'95  was  855,384  short  tons,  which"  i-  |,y  far  th«- 
largest  sugar  production  in  the  h 
Btale.     La~t  season'fl  crop  wa>  ma.le  in  4-u»  su- 
gar houses,  as  against  906  nouses  in  oj 

ago.  Each  of  the  sugar  houses  in 
tion  last  season,  however,  averaged  a  pr-  •-. 
of  220  long  tons. 

The  sugar-planters  have  been  kept  in  si. 
this  year  by  the  varying  prospects  for  p.: 
of  the  bounty  on  the  crop  of  1*!M.     1 
January  came  the  decision  in  the  Mill- 
ing Company's  case  adverse  to  their  dan 
('...in  of  Appeals  of  the  District   of  Co 
decided  not    only  that   the   law  aut! 
ut  of  a  bounty  on  su-n   ha-  1 
repealed,  but   that,  "in   addition,  the 
bounties  and  sub-idie-  by  act  of  Congres- 
OTI Iy  wrong  in  principle,  but  finds  no  war: 
the*  Constitution.     In  March  the  arnendn 
the  sundry  civil  appropriation  bill,  appropriat- 
ing $5,000,000    for   payment   for    the    u 
bounty  claims  of  1893  and  eight  tenths  of  a  cent 


UMJBUMJ 


t|.|.r..|.na'  iotmoal  of  Hauiu  Xo.  n of  . 

ooMtHatioa*my,  «iul  b«  ^irlnininl  ilnaMiii  i«i|«*ii  «»  |  i  ii 

-i-rr-M,  thrcMr  b*.  pr-  *kfltMofviW 

9  Mat  to  the  c,.urt  ^  f »  l«un.  for  tb«  of  that  cutuu  ti  would  oowiltou  it 

l*ol.    Sacrrunr  C'arlulo  MMolt  and  Ull«rt.  and  to  MM  COM»  of 


of 

Bayou  WM  c*lrbrmto,l  «t 
ml  wan  •ttrndrU  by 


t 9  -       t-    _    »  •  ^,^     .^^^^^       ^AA     ^^ta^^     ^Mk^k. 

tMMHppi.  ,    In*   OMHMM  Of  MBBOTp  •••••  ••*  • 

MI  MBMUlf    OM  cottoa  !»!«•  tolo  Uw  ItoU*  «f  ««Mvk.    TWf 


•      •     .     • 
wm.-r.  i»n.l  from  UK. 


M0«t  ItfrH  «U.v,   thr 

Ifminv  npio  rluK  f»r  •-.  IM;  >  -  *^ 

uoBlorrrtnioit  fminpvtitfpriMaffwl^svvr-    UM 

•r  of  thr  club  v 
^Kt(> 

>pmo«  Court,  which 
U»dtorict  court  on  UMfioondUwftcifBCt  tort*-       Owv. 


LUTHERANS. 


the  militia,  and  the  negroes  resumed  work  the 
•  fternoon  of  Mnn-h  14  under  proter: 

Tin-  jislature  passed  an  act  in  1880 

declaring  fl  -tion  of  th- 

nf  am  \ev»rl  ..ha! 

VOrkffig  on  t  ho  wharves  or  levee  of  tin-  - 

;  of  the    vessel's 

tackle  "  under  penalty  of  Inprifoomeiit  f 

•itl)  I  !»•  Cuban  Stcain-hiii  Company. 


during  a  j«eri«»d  of  trouble   <.n   tin-   le\e.  . 
men  Could  not  1  >rk.  attempted  t<>  u-e 

wn  -ailors  to  load  one  of  their  ship*  lying 
in  this  |Mirt.     The  men  were  arrested  nndi-r  the 
:.t\v  and  OJMT.V  ;  ped  in  the 

handli'  I  'iip  ap- 

plied to  tin-   l'i,  M  for  relief.  and 

Judge  Parlance,  in  tin-  circuit  court.  i»  n.-d  an 
order  prohibiting  the  Mayor  and  other  authori- 
ties from  interfering  with  tlir  foreign  Bailors. 

Care  of  Leper*.  —  A  home  for  lepers  has  been 
•ecared  in  lu-n  il!«-  parish,  according  to  an  act 
of  the  last  Legislature.  An  old  plantation  was 
bought,  and  cottages  were  fitted  up  for  the  u-e 
:  board  will  receive  applica- 
'or  admission,  and  if  the  whereabouts  of 
other  I.-JHTS  not  applying  are  learned,  the  serv- 
ices of  the  law  will  'be  used  to  bring  them  in. 
Hereafter  the^v  will  be  in  charge  of  the  Sisters  of 
Charity.  It  i-  believed  that  the  disease  can  be 
Find  OUi  within  fifty  years. 

Political.  —  A  largely  attended  1  ter  -ilv.r 
Content  ion  was  held  in  New  Orleans,  June  10, 
and  resolutions  railing  for  the  free  coinage  of 
silver  wore  adopted. 

The  Hal  lot   Iteform  League  called  a  conven- 
'•t    at   New  Orleans,  .Inly    'Jo.    and 
aim!  hrr  at  Shn-veport.  her.  17.  with  the 
of  influencing  the  Democratic  State  Convention 
to  pass  a  re-oiiniou   in  favor  of  the  proposed 
iin.-nt  to  the  Constitution  limiting  th<-  suf- 
frage (•  who  are  able  to  read  the  Const  i- 

t  ut  ion  in  the  mother  tongue  or  are  owners  of 
taxable  property  to  the  amount  of  $200;  "ami 
Also  to  commit  the  party  to  a  thorough  revision 
of  our  laws  for  the  registration  of  voters  and  the 
enactment  of  an  Australian  ballot  law,  so  as  to 
it  false  and  fraudulent  registration  and  to 
secure  a  free  ballot  and  an  hornet  count  of  the 
vote*  of  voters  legally  qualified  under  the 
amended  Constitution  as  actually  <  . 

The  (  •oiiveinion    met  at 

Rhrereport,  Dec,  18.   The  ticket  nominated  was: 
For  Governor.    Murphy  J.  Foster;  Lieutenant 
r.  KoU-rt  H.Snvder..Tr.;  Auditor,  W.  W. 
llrard;  Treasurer.   A.  V.  r..urnet  ;  Seen  ' 
Stat^.  .l-.hn  T.  Michel;  Atf.rie 
ton  J.  Cunningham;  Superintendent  of  Educa- 
tion. J.  V.  (nit 

I.I    Mil  I:  \\s.     The  reported  -lati-fi. 
MWAfi  complete)  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in  the 
Uaitcd  Statrni  and  Canada  for  t 

•w:  Them  are  4  general  IK,.. 
•    .    !'.."•;.: 

Uom.anil  1.  402.189  eomnnniean  I  member-. 
•  total  pOpulHtionof  «lK,,it  0.000,000.    Tl 

JOS  psiitirhial  w  hooN.  :{.«26  teaeh-rs  and  188,- 
mpapils;  4^J6  Sunday  scho.  flicers 

and  trmrheixand  424.1ns  pupils.    The  I  , 
'••r    the    year    1X94 

srnodn  not  r»-pr,ri  ing  )  smoonted  to  $906,240.50. 
This  does  not  include  the  contributions  for  edu- 


work  by  individunls  nixl  con 
northerontril»utioii>  from  >imi!..  • 

lent    op-ration*  n,,t    umler  svno.li,  , 
t  ml.  nor  the  large  sums  sent  din  <-t  ly  to  missjun. 

.11(1    other   lii'lievoleilt    sorirtirx    j'n    ]-]n> 

Tl luiational    instiiutious  ,,f    th<>  < 

number  \'2'2.  of  whi, 

:  idemies,  m 

seminaries,     aggn  jjnt  in^     propi-ny     vali. 
and      ei:<l-\\  in, ut      ainountit 
.1.'.;.     ha\  iii- 
libraries,  emplo\  mU'  r. 

•.•I  lut\in-  1  1>'J1  sluderi' 
have  the  ministry  in  \  iew.  T). 
•  ilent  instil  ut  i«ms,  which  report 
at  $2.'  down. .-lit  amount)! 

874,  and  32,164  inm 

Of  the    four   general  bodi,-.  three   he!  : 
ventions  during  the  \«  .n. 

General  Synod.    "The  thirty--evenlh  biennial 
convention    of  tl  .!  body.  \\hi«-li  ; 

posed  chiefly  of  Knglish  synods,  \v;i--  ! 
Hagentown,  Md..  .June  r>-i:j,  is«»r,.  D,.iegat« 

were  present  from  the  'J."i  di-trict  synods.     T},,. 

following    ofVleel-s   Were     elected:    Tip 

i(.  i..  nil  r.aiiu'i..  r,  i>.  i>..  <;•  tt \-i.un:.  i'a.. 

dent  :  the   Hev.  William  S.    i  York. 

Pa.,  secretary;   and    Louis    Mans-,   < 
Ohio,  treasi 

The  Committee  on  Common  - 
an    abridged   form   of    the  .service,    which  was 
adopted  for  the  use  of  such  congregnt  ions  as  are 
averse  to  the  use  of  the  full  - 
port  of  the  Hymn-book   Publishing  Committee 
set  forth  its  work  in  the  publication  of 
proved  edition  of  the  catechism  and   <  :   u  larger 
(ierman   hymn   book   with   the  common  service 
and  psalms.     The  committee  appointed  to  n-viw 
the  hymns  of  the  Hi  .ok  of  Worship  report)  d  Mutt 
they  had  selected  170  hymns  to  be  ii 
proposed  to  omit  about  the  same  number. 
Committeeon  tl  •  i  of  Tunes  of  the  same 

book  proposed  numerous  changes.  The  - 
of  both  committees  were  adopted,  and  '' 
tion  was  given  for  immediate  publicatioj, 
K  vised  book. 

The  Woman'-  Home  and  Foreign   Mis- 

\  of  the  (ieneral  Synod  report, 
Societies,  with  ix.IJ.VJ  members  and  contni 
amounting  t«.  ^  I'J.  j:.r,.:: !.      A  I, 
amount  was  contributed   for  pnrcl..- 
tion  of  church  buildings  and   the  i 
sionarics'    home    in    India.      The    s< 
1  8  home  missions.    In  India 
supports  4  -.of  whom  «, 

in  tnc  autumn  of  isj»4.and  4J  more  ai. 
to  go  out  during  thi«  \ 
and  .'{5  teacher*,  \vitli  ].W2  pupils 

The  report  of  the  statistical  * 
the  following  summary  :   1.470  ehnr- 
communicant     members: 
church  property.  $!»• 
for   all  objects."  $l.'Jv 

kill]    leache, 

.  contributions  for  1-  c;d  o! 
for   b.-n.-\..lene.-.    *.")0.:!!H  .<H  ;   r-ontrit 
benevolence,  for  tJie  (ieneral  Synod.  £1)1 
«ynodi'-al    trea-ury,    *7.::-V).."i1  ;    h<  n 

!t.os;  foreign  missioi 
extension.  ^:!4.:W»4.0H:  bf.ard  of  edu< 
960.27,  beneficiary  education,  $22,531.86 ; 


KHAXa 


r«{fB   MMoMry  ftorin T.    wboat  InnaJtoa  b  to  tW  Waal  and 

• 

i  *  i 

li«*«i«-    #i"  !•'.'»..   Uai    i-'--   i-   ii  • 
».  i' 


w  mm^mmrm  m  in  IOT  *•  «w  MM 

fefffMaaalMMn  •VaUJi»a^  ifla.    •  la^  «^aa^B\4alh  *Mfl  ^aa?  — - 

Pv^^a^aVAV^        aaMKUBji  ill   lawav  CBv|pMUJaiaia>JaMi  OJ   aMPW 


UpMltJl  beaida*  SI  I 

lGbttafla»at  Alafctov*.  Kail,  bnf  ajaati 

anxmoling  u.  6M&.1 46.I6L MMfefa  I*  jUJ     ill 
ifcWr.    Mid  inatmHorx  and  ba*  109  • 
•rk  in    ar«iniWi 


C&riatiMa\  ttl  ufgMliad  con-  on.  attd    I VI 

.«|.-U,  «  mi^  IUrt.,.k 
A  printing    praai   and  book* 
f  room  and  book  dritni.  ami  • 

:.k',  U,..  Ill.iiJO.  64  amdanl%vMHl  t  iaatrvrtara,     TW 

TW  adooational  oVf^rtmrtit  whole  number  of  •da**!fc*aJ  taatllataMM  wwW 

«noob   and  M5?  tW  eMtnd  of  Ikb  flMeraJ  bodj  Ii  6  U 

«itf   ajWoiwitk   l««  |.u|,,l,.    I  MtfaWial   ',  .-    IMBJ   »    11661 

•,,',--  M  :  iw;i  «  .  !-     -    -  TW  ibtrd  HiiilaJ  ivavrt  of  iW  1 

••..»l.0t  and    tsprodi.  ll.«nl  .a-  utaaMUd  bv  IW 

to  $1AJM7J8L     TW  imam  Wem                  >f  S*«  York  rtft.  a«wa«m  «f 

kl(M  bo^T^lTw  •okooK  for  UiaifMieral  body.    TW 

TW  BMdioal  dcnartmtol  bad  nor*  it  tolMHlfd  a 


'  ,       ,  a**»laa*4^   6aW^  ^Mmfla*  «aaT  I  aW^        laaav     aaa^aal    ^aa^a^aa^^L. 

bala^lha  aasjor  miaainniry    mtnJrttriac  to  iW  tooa!  HMrvai  k»ktec  affce*' 
k'  nn-  tW  tUtiatka  of  tbto    til 


•h^oa  ;  tofdatotd  mbiioniriaa.  t  iuUJ^|MMtort  day 

•M   1ST  oowMunioMit    inrinU  •  .  ti«l«r  pvo 

BlMoK«Hb  100  iwpib;  S  t***»n  in  thr  mb-  Sbo 

^rti^t  mtalM  lJ^«Vinj^  roacbin.  90.000  r 


•ml  :»»  A*  n-,  valued  at  $^i 

f.rlU»n 


K  tho  l:  >  ,,»«  |Urtm4ii.  h  h.  ..f  liom  ..f  booluc     TW  fmnr 

i  rmpl-v,  two  ^-i^  .M^l  |7  JTOMC  MB  ft»  pfw 

iQdeMriMon«llth<-miMoaiirro|MnakMM  ir 

i  •  •  ^-»  . 


4  ih-  f  •ui.h.n          l.rarral  C^6JMOF-tM-flaMalW. 

•imiMnanr  commute   in    the  dutrirt  smoda,  pr*. 

TW  UUn.v    in   tW  bands  of  the  U«nl   wa»  SWdiak 

IMllia.  CtW  two  VMW* 

rhurriM  •«.•  emoda 

xpMditurai  of  tW  board  ««?•  TW  Ib 


rwtW  MUM  Mriod 

tiu«M  v*f»  •utttAirw*.!    o«rr«l    fnr  hr  I W 

'  VaVMavM^IWCtt  ^6MW^4      1*^    "/     i 

•rtta*  amring  IO5  cnogrvgali^nm.  Mid 

«•"»•  UN. 


. 

•Li' 
and    Mbanan.    ••».!•     1  . 

:OMo»    A 


I       aav^M*        4vaaa^Mft4a«aW      aaa*a«Mha4W  tl          I  av^nakf  ar    a%f%aW     aa^BaaYttaaaaaataaaaat 

inl     wM      OwVQaMI    pTWfX         !»•    lVV^HT*VilaV    ( 

the  two    waa  Wkt  in  Rmaon.  I 


'  thr  Iliarrk  to  Ikai  c«Mrfrr      TW  »t%«J  *4 

rpi«l*  i  J« 

rti»an,l  Rn«U.»  -i*<   Var ..'.•  r«ru- 

Oirmaik  an  I  -.>  .**•*.    TW  Hnrt«<mik    ctpa<mjy  to  tW  arpa^Muam.  N^ailkir  **b  lay 

— _  I    I .  _    a  i    _  I  f  _  __  baamlHna>    ^aa?     •aa*aa%daalam     •aaaflam  ^a^HHM    flaaflHMaaaal      aaVaaaaaaaflfV 

*     VaVVaaaWVaWT  Of   IH*    UlialtaL  UN1   §WT.   IfaWTT         OTHNaW    ^     ^Ha^BaW    ^aWW     ^•^•1    ^a^aaWM     VaW«^M/ 


,^  Krr  Harry    M»Wf  of  Hrtmi  Ww  IMA  •••ti  I   a%nitf 
Thi.  board.  U^l-iW    fn^a  laaJMJTa*d  *  b^  ,i,,ii  j  at 

rraJ    M>  r,  -.  ir  v.  •mlot  a  arid    a«cr«<arT.    Ui»  OTMUJ  far  votk  ••««  IW  wliiatf  »*• 


ISO 


Ll'TII  KUANS. 


lend  Icelanders,  of  whom  there  are  20,000  in 

ouiiiry.  all  Luther;. 
The  rej.ort   of  the  Board   of  Kmrli-h    Home 

\:       -.-   *h<  pad   —   !!.>-:.•:  -  nodi  r   Iti  90% 

located  in  Mass* 

Ohio.  Illinois,    Indiai  -in.    Mini 

North  -re  gnu.  Washington.   and    I   tali. 

The  amount  axpeaasd  during  iln  la-t  two  years 

was  $09,500.    The  board  asked  f.-r  $20.tWO  for 

each  of  the  -ears.  and  thi-  amount  was 

apportioned  amon-  the  di-trict  s\no<K     The  n- 

port  of  the   Board   of  (Jerman    ll<>n 

showed  34  missions  cared   for  by  s  n 

located  as  follows  :  1  in   Kentucky.  1  in   I  'tali.  2 

ntolw,  2   in  A—  imboia.  and  2  in   A. 
The  communicant   meml»ership  numbers  5,000. 

:    an    income  of 

$8,355.54,  and  expenditure-  amounting  to 
$8,029.20.  The  report  of  the  Swedish  board, 
ui.irh  embraces  the  missionary  operations  of 
the  August  Ana  Synod,  showed  155  missions, 
t  :  •  •  xp.  ndtafM  for  tin-  two  years  amounting  to 
$52.599.20.  The  missionary  operations  of  the 

t  synods  of  this  body,  together  with  those 
of  the  general  boards,  embraces  :i21  missions, 
and  the  cx|.enditures  for  the  last  two  years 
amounted  to  $135,241.44.  The  complete  report 
on  Church  extension  for  1895  has  not  yet  ap- 
peared. but  that  of  the  previous  year  shows  that 
the  society  has  assets  of  over  $10,000,  with  which 
missions  and  needy  congregations  are  aided.  All 
the  larger  district  synods  have  tiicirown  Church 
extension  funds.  The  foreign  missionary  opera- 

:  the  Council  are  carried  on  in  Kast  India, 
with  headquarters  at  Kajahmnndry,  whence  the 
missionaries  have  gone  out  to  hundreds  of  vil- 
lages and  have  planted  numerous  stations.  A 
seminary  has  been  established  at  the  central  sta- 
tion for  tho  training  of  Christian  teachers  and 
•  era.  Three  zenana  sisters  teach  the  women 
in  the  districts,  under  the  care  of  the  mi  —  ion- 
arie*.  A  new  church  building  is  in  course  of 
erection  at  Hhimawaram.  and  the  senior  mis- 
sionary has  recently  received  a  gift  of  $8.000, 
with  instruction  to  boild  another  new  church. 
The  income  for  the  last  two  years  was  $40,788.- 
61.  and  the  expenditures  $37,333.99.  The  pies- 

it  us  of  th-  is  as  follows:  8  mis- 

sionaries, with  their  /enana  sisters,  2 

native  pastors,  4  evangelists.  2  catechists,  and 
187  teacher*,  a  total  of  104  mission  workers. 
There  an*  7  principal  station-*.  HKJ  villages  where 
whonl«  have  been  established.  101  villages  where 
the  Gospel  is  preached.  !.:•;:;  communicants, 
4,484  Christiana,  and  I.H«»:{  children  in  the 

.     Three   monthly    periodicals  are  pub- 
with  a  combined  circulation  of  30,000. 
The  report  of  the  Immigrant  Mi  —  ion  ii 
York  city  shows  that  during  the  past  two  years 
00  immigrants  were  eared   for  in   the  V.mi- 
B  Boose.    The  Augu-1  Ihasestab- 

Swedish  emigrant  h-.u<e  in  t  he  same  city. 

•  he  wcrk  of  the  deaconesses  there  are  now 
7  mother  hou»r».  with  143  sisters,  having  prop- 
erty ialun.1  M  $7rNi/MKi.  and  an  annual  ex- 


The  report  of  the  Church   II.  .ok  Conn 

showed  that  the  n.  \\  i-dit  ion  ..|  llic  Chun  Ii 
had    I-  \ed.       It    a  l-o    > 

that,  according  to  the  attion  ,,f  t|,( 
last  convention,  a  newcdiii(.n  ,.f  the  Sunday- 

-cllool    Hook    Wollld     l»  11  l\     III     IS'.'t 

tainini:  alioiit   800  addition  a  1   hyiiins.  ami 
supplied  with  ample  liturgical    formulas   I 
•  •|M-ning    and    i-lo-ing    of    the    SBSSJ 
Schools.       It     stated      that      the    re\  i-ion    . 
iiion     of    Luther's    Catrchi-m    inn1- 
labors  of  the  joint   rommitte-  of  tl:,    Kn^lish- 
-peaking    Lutheran   I  ild    s..on    > 

ished.    Resolutions  were  ad  opt  id  dc.hirii 

:   Council  is  ready  «. 
all  Lutheran  bodies  that  may  be  will: 
into  the  movement    for  the   pivparat  ion 
common  book  of  worship  f<  ' 
the  Knglish  lan^ua^e.  on  the  coinliti 
ing  to  which  the  common  service  \\;, 
and    that   the   (ieneral    Council    r.  .  . 
Lutheran  bodies  in  \\hich  the   Kn^lish  hu 
is  used  to  co-operate  in  the  mo\ement  for 
tainment   of  uniformity   in   the  churches.     Tin- 
Committee  on  Sunday-school  NN'ork  reported  that 
a  twenty-years'  course  of  I'.ible  -tudie-  had  been 
completed,  and  recommended  that  in   futi. 
work   should    be   put    on  the  ba-is  of  a  gradfl 
course  of  Bible  studie-.     It  was  <leci«l«  .1  t 
a  graded  system.    The  committee  was  in-i 
to  prepare  and  the  Hoard  of  Publication  t 
lisn  a  full  series  of  pictures  illustrating  <  ' 
New  Testament    history,  and  in  chart    f.  i 
Ten   Commandments,  the   A  post  I-**  Creed,  and 
the  Lord's  Prayer  for  the  primary  department. 

This  Was  followed    by  courses   of   s'tn 

for  the  other  departments  of  tl 

published  in  book  or  quarterly  form,  bcgii  :   ;  . 

with  Advent.  1896. 

The  Committee  on   Stati-tics  reported  thefii* 
lowing  summary  for  1895:  8  synods.  1.M1  min- 
isters,  1,786  congregations,   and   ::. 
municant  members;  829  parochial  *cho< 
teachers,    and    24,188    pupils;     1.1 

Is,  19,715  officers  ami  teacher-,  and 
pupils;   benevolent  contributions    ! 
and  other  charitable  purposes,  $252,0:^.94  ;  8 
theological  seminaries,  8  collets.  4  Hcadii:,ie-. 
and  25  orphanages,  hospitals,  deaconess  inj^Bk 
tions,   and  other   charitable    institutions,   with 
..'.u.-d  at  $2,500,000  and  eixlowniaV 
nnx'unt'ing  to  $500,0(K).  the  educational    in-titn- 
tion-  employine:  1)7  profe-sors  and   in-tructcfc 
and  having  1340  students,  of  whom  ! 
mini-try  in  view. 

I'nitcd  s>nod.  sonlli.      !    •  lifth«-oin. 
of  this  general  body,  compose*!  chiefly  of  B£* 
modi  and  congregat  i<ms.  wa-  held'  in 
\  a..  S.-,,t.   is  .  -Jl,  1895.     Fifts 
' 


of  $70.000.     The^-  institutions  are  in 
•Iphia,   Omaha.   NVIi..   Milwaukee. 
>hnne«|—liii.  Minn..  Brooklyn,  X.  Y.,  and  Halti- 
morf.  M«l.     Aoronlinj?  to  language,  thes. 
be  cU^ifi^i  aw  Kngli^h.  Grrman,  Swedish.  Nor- 
wegian, and  German-English. 


and    lay  dele-rat  t.  t..  rep 

di-trict'  synods,  the  Mi-^i-sippi  S\nodn..f 

1.     The   foil.  .wing  ..Oic,  ; 

e.l:    The    Hev.  I'rof.  G  .  Holland.  K   I'.. 

of    N. 

dent.  ^L  -x'i!- 

'.    !>..  ..('     1,'oalioke.   Va..  vice-preside! 

Rev.  Melanchthon   (..  '-. 

N.  C.,  secretary  ;  and   Mr.  c.   11.   I  Mi  Is.  of  Char- 

lotte, N.  C.,  treasurer. 

The  business  of  the  convention  < 
the  3  subjects  of  fraternal  relations  with  otln-r 


MADAGASCAR.  431 


•     r.aian  education,  and  tW 

rference  to  the  over  lie  General 

„•  upon  the  matter  of  practical  eo* 

*>*rral  Uidir*  in  .  arrying  on     to 

aroraMr  t 


begun  within  tW  pa*  ice 


•  a*          W  report  of  tW  Rmft)  of  Forein  Mtafcav 

.•fullowtfttf    I 

action  pr*viu<t»lv    IMI  Wa  aarrbd  o«  ariato  w*rt  »•  Jaffa*,  vtafc 
rrU-l.r..     ThbbdtoaOWio^ratfell      MBdMMitaajMfcii      .-.'•"      •       -    -        - 


•hipforalltWBnr 
.;  ehureWa,     TW 

i  •     /  •  J      1 


. 

«Ad  IW  toUl  •iMt.irifcui 

>l«0loUo    it  loo.    ThrM  ttoftdftjr  Hkoolt  M»  •liililiJ. 
luuA.lopir.lthi.     h.Mnff60|ioiU    Ttew«M«l»lytelk«lH 


mg    reaolntion    WM 

t  ear  Conn. 

m-  •    • .     . ....     •   •  •        i  , .    • 


Ml  .!-..!,!,•<.  1 10  of  whom  are  preparing  for  UM 
UK!  5  college*  for  young  women,  ha*- 
mg  i^i-nt    rahaal  ftl    *i.;i.'"..   w  -      |..    ... 
•crartor*  and  Mi  papila.    Thb  report  doaa  not 

W   educational   work    of   ih.- 

.'tynodSi 

alued  at  M07.800.  endowment 

rectors  of  the  theological  temi- 

rriiph**:/.-!  •!..•   Ml    1   •  ?  M   il    '     M    :    '  •      • 

ar««>i  f^-ihti.-v  an  : 
TW  iri..r- 
m0wed  that  the  »ynod  b  carrying  on  mbaion    diareWa  amoaaled  la  »llljMa  II 


TW 
t  QtdmolllllUlHll  •rtihial» 

«^    ol  lW 


-.nv-n         T...  •  tW  mi  U  aatfy  ipnatl  in  «•* 

.  4iru.ia  and  At-     lU  Lutheran  iT»urrh  In  X«nh  AnwH 
1     «leo  work  among  tW  fri  i  !•>•  •€  lW 


an.l  tW  esoep-    tW  Indian*  tn  wia«»  p»n*  of  lW  eeamtry.    JU 

UonoftWoneat  Atlant^alUhaatmbrioMwere    •uurtlca  cma  W  gttvn  of 


M 

IHM..VN,   M:  ^|«m  oecnpylng  the  aitW     aitaaimi  af  ••liri  if  mil  ii 

Wand  of  Madtfaaear.  in  the  Indian  oSaaTea*  tr  >  la.abmjid  tW  r%U  W 

'rba.  reeogniie.)  a*  a  Krone*  ptotacCoraie  U>  control  lW  ftaMni  pamty  W  lW  Oe^w 

*een  Fran.--  an*l  T»*  •««  tW  ihirly  mamiii  var  vftfc  Praftr* 

»in  on  Aug.  5.  IMO.     TW  Mgnimr  -^-  lW  irx  .^r«rai^«  cf  •  part  of  tW  Man4 
ign  b   Queen  Ranarmlona   M.n>*^  tniai  I 

-««,  who  MMreedad  her  aunt  tn  1W9  tW  »«.-.«  of  lW  Hot*  <J»~«  «^»t  all  tW 

>e    Prince  OoMori  ami  Prime  trim*  of  tW  t4amt  ami  parmltied  tW  Free**. 


'M?  coocJrted    umaiaaiiat   to  maiateMi  A 
^  h  the  Frrnrh  Ropubtfe  te  I«K  ^«ard  at  lW  lljH  I 


MAI>A<;ASC.\K. 


Queen's  Government,  encouraged  by 
and  American  <• 

ni.l     n-fu  .nit     t.rr</natur* 

thniiigh  the  French  resident.  The  friction  con- 
tinued after  llu-  Knirli-h  n-ci '.led  from  their  po- 
rtion in  eon*iderat i"ii  of  'in-  abandonment  by 

France  "f  her  riu'lit  of  joint  prod  .  t  i-n  <.\,-r  /.an- 

Ifainilairivony.    the    real    ruler   of   the 

Ilova*.    tnaili-    grants    of   land   and    niinii 

forwt    n-ht*    ft*  :.gli-hincn    «-r    Ain.r- 

d  all  concessions  to  French  ap- 

n  u   in  .Inly.  1*<M.  that 

ii.-.-*i..n    that     is    not    approved    l.y    the 

h   re-ideut   general  and   registered   at    the 

!   will   be  .1  null   and 

n:iti\«-s  committed  many  h«>*t : 

•gainst  tin-  French  and  thr  attitude  of  tin-  ll»\a 

Government  became distinctly  unfriendly.     Tin- 

i  i    resident    general.    !  \  il«-rs, 

presented  a  new  fcnaty,  defining  UM  l-'n-n.  h  |  •!••<- 

'••arly.  and  when  the  Ilova  inin- 
it    he    l.-ft    tin-  capital   on 
*!»4.      The    Fn-n,-h    Parliament 
65,000,000  francs   for  an   expedition  of  15,000 
troops, and  the  H  •nnient  imported  arms 

and  pn-pand  f<»r  a  new  war  under  the  military 
f  r.,1.  Charl.-  St.    I.rp-r  Shcrvititoii 
Hn«l  other   Kn^rli>h  oflicers  wlio  volunteered  to 
orjrani/«-  the  il»-f. 

The  area  of  Madagascar  is  about  228.500 
itnuare  miles.  The  population  may  U  :',. 500.000. 
Tne  mo^t  numerous  tribes  arc  the  Sakalavas  and 
the  llovas.  The  Kren«-h  formerly  protected  the 
former  in  tlieir  re»i>tan<-e  to  the  Hnvas.  wlm 
have  e\-  r« -i- -d  dominion  over  the  other  inhabit- 
ants for  two  hundred  and  fifty  years  Tin-  llovas 
nmntM»rin?  alxmt  1 ,700.000.  are  a  mixed  race  of 
Malay  oriirin.  with  ^nnc  Polynesian  character- 
urtica.  Antananarivo,  the  capital,  has  ai--ut 
128,000  inhabitants.  There  are  some  foreign 
planters  and  tniders  in  the  coast  di-tricts,  mostly 
-  from  Mauritius  and  Reunion.  In  Tama- 
tave,  the  chief  port,  in  1H94  the  white  popula- 
'  •:••;.-:-•.  •!  •  f  'J'M i  l-'n-neh  and  about  an  eijiial 
numU-r  of  British,  (i. nnans,  Americans,  and 
Italians. 

<  Government  derives  it-  revenue  from  eu-- 
toms  and  a  poll  tax.     The  French  (Government 
has  a  lion  on  the  customs,  securing  a  loan  of 
15.000.000 francs  mad.- after  th- 
i  1890  were  val 
francs.  «.f  which  S.T'J.'i.THO  f  ,  for  textile 

•ii.-tlv  American  cotton  make 

the  white  roW  worn  by  the  Hovas.  The  value 
of  the  exports,  consisting  of  rubber,  hides,  wax, 
cattle,  gunu,  silk,  and  rafia  fiber,  was  3.7 1 1 ,800 
franca, 

The  Frrnrh  Expedition.—  A  Mat.  of  hoMil 
Hkm   wa«   formally   announred    by   the    1 
Government  on  Nov.  1:1.  IH;M.  in  a  proolamatkni 
rwiting  violations  of  treaties  by  the  Hovas  and 
affirming  the  French  protectorate.     Tli- 
••mbM  in  the  market  place  at  Antananarivo. 
and  cwore  to  flght  for  their  indi-p«-iidence  to  the 
d«-«th.    The  French  renitl. 
Uvo.  whom  ihp   Fn-nch  troop*,  of  whom  there 

n  the  inland  alnnit  1.(KK).  ^rengthefied  the 

fnrtificatinnn.     The  HOVR.H  threw  up  earthworks 
l«rhind  TamatAve.  hut  whenever  the v  appr 
the  town  they  wr-re  shelled  by  the  rVneh  ships 
in  the  harbor.    They  surrounded  in  like  manner 


' he  I-':  1  from 

their  stronghold  at  Ainbahimarina   inl«-rceptoii 
all  roiiiniiiiiicalioii  and  trade,     (in  .Jan.  Ill  ('apt. 
•i. :n    .  .1;. lured    the    llo\a   portion  at  A§» 
tananikarana.   uhen  I  -H^K 

arms.     On  .Ian.  'J  1  the  French  art  ill' 
play  upon  the  ||o\a  posit  ion*  art  »»'l  'I  »>' 
The    li^htini:    lasted    four    da\s.    at    the    . 
which   the    :  •  pelljK 

i  from  the  neigfaboroood. 

i.|\    \\a-    held    ; 
•J(>'      The  Qtteen    adilresM-: 

100.000  men  of  the  military  class,  pr«  mi 
prosecute    the   war   to    tl-  while   the? 

pledged     tl  the     fall.. 

he    should    send    them.     The   chief* 
that    they  would    provide  fund*  to  carry 
on  th<  if  they  hail  to  sell  their  wive* 

and  children  into  slavery.     The  \eti 

la*t   war  were    sent    to    the    front,  ai 
new  le\iY*  \\eiit    into  training  at  Anlana; 
Some  white   ad\entir  •  nlisted  in  Natal 

and  Cape   Colony  to  fi^ht  for  the  I! 
eral  French   traders  and  planter*,  and  •  ne  who 
I5riti*h  subject,  were  killed  by  the  II«  va>. 

In  one    of    the    battles   the    Ilova    • 
in  chief.  (!en.  Kainandriamampandry.  waskilHI 
Marly  in  April  the    Ilova  s-trate^ic  po*iij. 
the  (;oa*t    near  Tania- 

the  middle  of  April  the  town  of  Aml>odivohive 
was  captured  without  the   lo-*  of  a  1 
dier.     The  French  ollieial*  coll.  cie.i 
duty  of   H>   per  cent,  on   all   ir«  "ds   Ian.; 
only  at    Tamatave.  but    at    <>tl  *^H| 

were  paid   by  the   F.uropean    merchant* 
understanding  that  the  p<«rls  would  not  I..  U.  ek- 
aded.     After  three   Knglishmen  who  had  bflJM 
expelled  from  Tamatave  landed  at    \  :ti<  >inanAM 
and  proceeded  to  the  capital,  the  Fi 
vigilant  watch  on  Knglish  shij  i 

The    French,  on   Jan.    1»', 

p.  rt  «.f  Majunga.  on  the  w  n  the  coun- 

try of  the  Sakalavas.  and  prepared  it  for  the  re- 
ception of  the  expedition  that  was  to  * 
thence  against    the    Ilova   capital.     The   Ilova? 
gradually  withdrew  their  f«n-><  from  the  eastern 
and  southern  parts  of  the  island  toward  t 
ter  in  order  to  make  ready  to  r<  *i*t  the  advance 
of  the  French  into   Imeriiia.  their  own  country. 
Notwithstanding  the  bold  and  eloquent  ^peeflfll 
of  defiance,  the  Ib-va*  were  not  generally  willing 
•othe  war.    Besides  the  F.nglMi  instructor 

a  number  <-f  native  «.fli.  . 
\ed   a   military  education   in    Frai 
ehecl  H    an  «.ld  law  \\a*   n  \iv.d.  Wifl 

condemns  any  deserter  to  be  burned  at  the  slake 
The  regular  army  consisted  of  six  brigades, eacl 
numbeiin- 'J.(K»0  soldier*,  all   anne«l  with   Hem- 
inirton  or  Snider  rifl< •*.  b«-*i«les  auxiliary  force*; 
rai-.-d  among  the  other  trib,  s.  Ki.Odn 
equipped   with   spears  and   shields.     Th- 

ised   to  80.000  nn  n  n-::dy  for  tin 
field,  and  20.0(10  new  levies  rel;  arrism 

at  Aritananarr 

The  French  expeditionary  force,  which  b^B 
i.ark  at  Lyons  in  the    beginning  of  April 
Itedofa  mixed  regiment  of  the  Frond 

:  marine  infant  ry.  2  Sfl^Hj 
•  •f  mounted  cha-- MI-.  1   Algerian  regimttl 
•naves  and  tirailleurs.  '.'  battali 
tirailleurs,  1  of  French  tirailleur-,  0  bat  teri 


MADAGASCAR. 


»u>,  making  altogether  a»>  ,  from  babted  tbeir  •ertbworka,    Tbe  Ah 

• 

£«*%£  l<?  cl**tof  ** L°abiy'>* •*  •*UI1* •* 

-II;  '       • 

allowing  Britmb 

able  of  tbe  Batterti  » 

1  tu|.hm    the    llora*   ex- 
iled "  maintained     glance  to  tfc 
•ma  nictation*  ••  Preach,    Tbe 

rrtl  all  KuropaaM,  and  r«v 
tteir  hereditary  Arab  ruler*  and 

.  headed  by 

•hrinwh. 

MM  maeter*  of  the  (iov.-rtun.-nt.      \Vh--n   t  •..- 
nrw  that  the  French  expedition 
*ent,  their  loyalty    . 


weafceoed  and  toe  revolatlonary  part?  i 

aad  gr  ^  grncralU 

-at  of  8.000  men  wav* 
mga  from  tbe  capital  to  ai-! 

in  resitting  tbe  landing  of 
!•*,  but  the  majority  of  the  tfoopt  de- 

««atcoaet.    Be- 

*aervint..tiau.|tl..-r,.!..r  r»it   I'.r  •   -':   ,     :    \        • 

all  at  once,  finding  . 

,      •       '•'  .  .    .  .    - 


put  to  flight,  although  much  avtfior  in 
TbeSaJuiU 


.  M  ,      .  - 

the  northern  bank  were  deorired  by  faW  acme*  of 
r  Betaiboka,  fled  wit                  ^who  torW*  until  tbe 
carried  off  ti- 
the people  would  not  be  •eparaUd.    learning  <>f  ,„  thr  r 
h  took  oare  to  guard  the  a 


killed.  wbileTb. 

Th»  Hora-,  •••blimm  Mm\ 


Ihr     KM,,   h     ,..,! 

riifurwj    by   fflM 

«   - 

killed.    Tbe^a 
lavWbie  death  dealt 


tbe  Ifmae  bed 


ardiea,  but  wae 


pboe  tamed  back  oa  bea 
at»<  I  WMit  off  to  bit  ertMe. 


Lbtoewtom.  the  French  took  oare  to  guard  the  and  riror  tramporta  ratebiii  Marmfaeiv  tbe 

(TaTei  on  the  eontbern  bank  and  eoon  made  the  of  navigation,  witboal  itMlreHy.     Aavee 

natlveji  thnr   fr..-r»,lv     Thr  Mrtpaati   *"•  •    •  v  i           .  I  •     -. 

Ua4r.                 river  40  milea.  aa  far  a*  »•  8akalana\  rwne  late  tbe  Fl 

bokm,  the  hr»,|   of    nartgation   f..r  the  larger  cmmp  in  grml  numbers    Tbe  lUeaa  oviej* 


r  the   larger    ramp  in  great 

'  «t  of  water.    Tbe  flora    •tmog  poaHinej  on   tbe 
MahaU,.  H  milee  abore.  wa»  captured 


•far  a  fight.  Meuinger  meane  of  a  dan  king  awMejvr*  e*d  •eMtann 

•tonaedt)  gnM  weU  poel^l  tbrr  fMreH  tW  H^  « 

rr«  of  Ambohi.  a  retr^l.    Oa Jane  I  tbe^  ia  A  Namylo  ben> 

th*  French,  and  at  length  ra|4ur«d  after  a  rigor-  ato.  bejj.  •><»«  tbiiiaah      « 

waa  occupied  by  a  eraewtfed  tbe  pla 

naval  fonv.     From  th  Retmboka  9«l»HrierOK  wbere  tbe  woHM< 

1  an.l  the  riliagr^  . 
letMbSa  were  ompM  without  the 


fttnknem.  however,  dec  i  m  . 
nmeh  f  -r  .-^  \-   \  • 

••«** Mteta«from  liter  and  dt*. 

Tho  ||.  ,»*,  OQ  D  ...  .  .     . 

:<•  «h  .  frll  ,nto  their  hand*    Tbe 

ya  of  Mararoar,  ••»,  a  tributary  of  tbe  Una*.  tW  edi 

n  April  d?  by  tbe  Algerian  iblpa  brtne* 

salara  auxihariea.  who  were  re-  doer 

»1W  by  a  heavy  fir*  opened  upon  tbem  by  tbe  w^re  o*ber 


181 


MADAGASCAR. 


troop*  was  not  as  bad  as  had  been  expected  ;  the 
proportion  of  sick  was  10  per  cent.    They  were 
tarnished  with  comforts  by  patriotic  citi/- 
home.    The  volatile  Uoras  regained  thru 
•  when  t  he  French  ceased  to  ad 
and  were  cheered  bv  imaginat  ,nU  of 

es,  "n  .1  une  20  a  force  of  8,000  Hovas  at- 
tacked the  1  .(posts  at  Tsarasaotra,  and 
were  repel  1*  iSletzinger  then  ordered  an 
:  -in. -ii.  held  l>y  HMKX)  men,  on 
the  Beritzoka.  The  French  troops  attacked  them 
in  front,  mowing  down  their  ranks  with  the 
fire  of  the  Maxim  guns  and  n -peat  ing  niles,  and 
when  they  fled  in  terror  before  the  pursuing  cav- 
alry on  July  1.  in  the  second  battle,  their  n 
was  cut  off  by  a  large  body  of  black  troops  win.  h 
had  outflanked  them  and  occupied  the  roads. 
Some  escaped  into  the  mountains,  only  to  ; 
of  starvation  and  exposure,  for,  according  to  their 
custom,  they  went  into  battle  naked,  leaving  their 
white  lambcu  in  their  tents,  which,  with  all  their 
guns,  ammunition, and  stores, fell  into  the  hands 
of  the  victors.  The  French  losses  consisted  of 
'2  killed  and  15  wounded.  The  road  was  built 
ahead,  and  in  August  the  French  advam  • 
mini  tiegan  its  march.  On  Aug.  i:t  the  1 
occupied  Malatsy,  which  the  Hovas  evacuated  at 
the  approach  of  the  enemy.  (Jen.  Raimanjalahy, 
va  commandcr-in-chief,  complained  that 
-  u  ran  away  whenever  one  or  two  were 
killed.  They  deserted  to  the  French  in  ever-in- 
creasing numbers.  The  Hova  army  intrenched 
Iriba  was  12,000  strong.  Gen.  Voyron's 
brigade  attacked  Andriba  on  Aug.  21.  The 
Hovas  were  so  demoralized  by  the  artillery  fire 
that  they  abandoned  their  6  fortified  posts  and 
numerous  encampments  without  waiting  to  en- 
•  ounter  the  infantry.  The  French  lost  1  Mala- 
gasy soldier.  At  Andriba,  150  miles  from  Ma- 
junga  and  half  way  to  Antananarivo,  Gen.  Du- 
chesne  waited  till  he  collected  enough  provisions 
and  ammunition  for  a  flying  column,  to  be  sent 
over  the  mountains  to  take  the  capital.  On  Sept. 
15  a  French  column  bv  a  forced  march  surprised 
6.000  Hovas  in  the  Tsfnainondry  defile  and  cap- 
tured their  position.  The  flying  column  found 
the  pass  in  the  Ambohimena  mountains  barred 
by  toe  entire  Hova  force  and  30  guns.  Deliver- 
ing his  attack  unexpectedly  on  Sept.  19.  Gen. 
Voyron  completely  routed  the  Hovas  and  cap- 
tured Antoby.  The  Hovas  offered  a  feigned  re- 
sistance only  in  the  A  n  karat  r  a  mountains,  which 
the  French  crossed  on  Sept  28.  On  Sept.  27 
they  easily  dislodged  the  Hovas  at  Lavohitra  by 
a  rrconnotssance.  The  road,  200  kilometres  in 
length,  terminating  at  the  entrance  of  the  plain 
of  Imcrina.  was  completed  before  the  end  of 
August,  The  flying  column  of  5.000  men  carried 
nnly  enough  provisions  to  reach  Antananarivo. 
The  deaths  up  to  this  time  had  numbered  about 
SjOOO,  nearly  equally  divided  between  Europeans 
and  the  native  troops  and  coolies.  Scarce  50 
died  in  battle  or  of  wounds.  About  7.000  per- 
•OM  were  treated  in  hospitals,  and  those  who 
succumbed  were  mostly  French  soldiers  under 
twenty-five  years  of  age  and  coolies.  The  older 
men  and  the  Algerian  troops  resisted  the  en- 
demic diseases  or  recovered  quickly. 

From  Arohatoarsns  the  Hovas  made  several 
futile  attempt*  to  check  the  invaders,  but  the 
French  artillery  was  so  well  served  that  they  did 


not  stand,  either  behind   earthwork 
open.     Their  last  and   most    spirited   ctT 
the  final  defense  of  the  capital  city.    The  FreqB 
captured  the  city  by  a  brilliant  attack,  in  wUB 
they  lost  onlv  7  killed  and  51  wound.  <;.  .  n  >,[,! 
RO,  the  day  thai  li.-n.  Du< -hesne  had  fixed  sefflj 

I  is  before. 
Feral  or  iv... , .  ,  i,  comn 

ktions  with  the   Hova  QoAJj 

'.   1.       The  t,  rni-  a-:-  10nV1 

were  that  tin-  t^uet  n  was  to  r<  niinue  to  rettU 

under  a  rigorous  l-'ivnch  coin  ml.     '1 
ministrative  organi/.al  ion  throughout   the.  iilsB| 
would   be   maintained  under  t! 

h  oilicials.    Tin-  Prime  Mm. 
ilcd.    Gen.  Metdnger  was  nominated  (iova^H 
of  Antananarivo.    The   native  army   was  Bl 
armed  and  replaced   by  French  garrisons.    TU 

b  assamed  charge  of  the  \  •  ollect- 

ed  the  customs  and  the  taxes.     T) 
Madagascar  in  the  tl  ;<<•<!  the   Fra 

i  •!..•  I'l'h'h  !;•  |  ui>ii<  acce 
all  the  consequences  of  such  pr«  •  '''* 

reserved  the  right  to  maintain  military  forces  OP 
the  island,  and  the  French  resident  general  if 
to  control  the  internal  government  of  the  iftbfl 
The  Hova  Government  is  not  allowed  tocon^ 
loans  without  the  authori/ation  of  I-' ranee,  'm 
Frenc  ment  assumed  the  financial  re- 

sponsibilit ies   that  Madagascar  had  previosn 
incurred  and  promised  to  assist  in  theconve^ 
of  the  loan  of  1886,  and  also  ag  •  x  wfl 

out  delay  the  limits  of  the  French  territory  <• 
Diego  Suarcz,  the  uncertainty  of  which  hadH 
to  disputes  and  in  part  caused  the  1 

The  Waller  Case.— John  Langston  v 
formerlv  United  States  consul  at  Tamatave.  wa 
arrested  on  March  6, 1895,  for  sending  letters  on. 
of  Tamatave  without  submit  t  in*;  t  IK  in  t  o  t  he  mil 
itary  authorities  f<.r  examinat  :ing  l< 

the  regulations,  and  for  attempt  in^  to  conveiM 
formation   to  the  enemy  of   the   m 
French  troops.     He  was  tried  by  c»urt-mafl( 
on  March  is  and  sentenced  to  twen1 
prisomnent  for  high  treason  in  holding  a  OM 
destine  correspondence  with  the  enemy. 
Waller  was  sent  to  France  and  confined  inCtt 
vaux  prison.    The  United  States  ambas- 
Paris  requested  the  French  authorities 
him  with  a  copy  of  the  proceed  ings  of  the 
martial.     Mr.  Waller  is  a  colored  citi/en 
I'nited    States,   formerly   resident    in 
Kan.,  who  had  obtained  from  • 
merit  in  April,  1894,  a  grant  of  250  square  ^H 
of  rubber  forest  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  DaupH 
The  French  resident  contested  at  the  t 
validity  of  tliis  concession.     All  lii>  rights  wor 
abrogated  by  his  sentence.    The  l-'r.-nch  ' 
ment  declined  to  furnish  a  record  of  the  j 
ings  of  the  trial  as  a  matter  of  rijrht.  i 
willing  to  do  so  as  an  act  of  «••,  . 
United  States  Govern  ment.    A  full 
obtained  till  autumn,  when  it  was  iran-mitt' 
to  Washington.    The  proceedings  w.  re  f  urul 
have  been  regular  and  the  evi.lencc  MI  Hi- 
cording  to  French  law. 
1  The  American  gunboat  "  CaM 
rived  at  Tamatave  on  June  5  for  the  purfM 
inquiring  into  the  Waller  case,  omitted  I 
the  French  flag,  on  the  ground  that  the 
States  had  never  recognized  the  French 


00    aaitlU    Vaa    Bred. 

to  laod 


k    ttv 
*    WT 

TW  r^och  na»al  aulborf-    Uonof 
(or  tht*  dtM»m 


• 
i  Ma*    tdj  WffMtedibr  tfcw  je*i»Tan4  n*y  be"!T 


^^^^^B  thy  the  regulation*  requirt*!  thai  'he    W  probationary  or  for  flfa,  aa  •  •rrantad  br  iW 

,  i.A|-  ri  »h»ul<i  !••  «  \uiiiiiu  -J  I"  i  •  •'.  <    «;.  >      BJ        aj||      -i  ••.'.. ,     aJH    •  l  '  »  - 


N.4U  IB  I  WO;  M1.7W  in  1840;  5tfl.lW  in    PoctUod, 

in  IH«O;  ftM.UI3  ,n  InTii;  W^.ttW         A 


46I.OM  in  IWO.   Capital.  Augu-U.  Ji 

t»  following  ware  the  titale  to  accept  aa  a  eubeUtale  for  iW  <»r~4  raajnJa*. 

'.unng  the  year:  Governor.  Henry   It.  mem  any  ona  of  IW  following:  I.Tbf«e< 

tale,  Niohoiaa  Kawjen-  Krwnch ;  f.  three  yamn  of 

rn  ; 
•ai. 


II    Want,    oda  by  to*,  femori  atlMk    La^>  avjMB 

wt)  -*i,l.-v.  aii.l  (\    K    o»k;  Un.1     were  graduated  in  both  iW  aMn'e  and  IW  •«•». 


^t»»ley,  and  a 
ClMrioi  K.  Oak 

<      VI'          •  ..!'ii 

a.  w.    frrm  wtih  l  lOrtew  atadeola.  VDteafl. 

.       , 


,1  Statktica.  A.  G.  Young:  l.i-    conferred  on  6  — J  —        I  llllillil  I 


bean* 

OUa  Hayford.  Gaorga    iatrv.  1 


• 
«M  MooaaBed  by  tt     «      Marahail;    gor  and  Arooatook  road  wa»  readf  for  IW  W> 

"  the  Suprt-m 


uef  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  John  A.    ginning 
^aociale  Jttatioea.  Charlea  W.  Walton.    The  tya 


of  n««Jar  train  awrio*  I. 


<«  of  the  Staia  an»  a.  follow: 


iddabutSjKa.OOO:  tniat  fonda  held  by  tW  79:  total  amrplna.  Jaa*  «.  f«t 

otaraat  b  paid,  t748J*l.07.  TW  annaal  report  of  i> 

TV_  |fc>r,  II           i    .         j                ,           ,                                 ,    i  *    _  «   BUIL.  U    '*-    -  *    _      ^    .>. .                                        .   ..* 

• 

* iWrt^f»tWfearaatmjpfiiaa^nof|nV 

JltttoaV-AlMMt  fire  yamn  ago  100  acree  9ia    TW  total  umne  v«a  flaVem  and  tW  net 

bought  at  Bangor  *.»  rite  fora  inmnt H«JT1.  an  taanaw af  ttMHl 

piUl  for  the  inaane  of  tW  anatatn  part  TW  report  of  iW  PbrilaaJ  aa4  lnlialiaT 

The  laat  Ix^rblalure  toiad  $130.-  ml  m**~  iW  groat  mrt,,!^  f«nX4A  an  »• 

^.*».l  the  Governor  appointed  crv*^  .  f  fJ*  »T1     TW 

••««  to  rWt  otWr  inatit«tlott7  and  flMU9< 


MAIM:. 


The  total  mileage  of  street  railroads  is  88.89 
mile*.   The  total  of  tran9|x>rtation  earnings  was 

N  u.,1  Statin,  ,  -,,,,„.!  annual  report 

year  1886  has  these  iteim  11,604; 

of  these  08*17  per  cent  were  of  native  parents, 

1849  of  foreign,  18*75  of  mixed,  remainder  not 

rtatcd ;  marriages,  6,796 ;  divorces,  027 ;  deaths, 

lii*iiraBe«.— A  new  plan  has  been  adopted 
for  fixing  insurance  rates.  i  I.e  in>ur- 

anoe  boards  in  the  various  counties;  and  when 
think  the  rating  of  the  agents  too  high 
appeal  can  be  taken  to  the  board ;  if  tin-  board 
agrees   with  the  agent,  the    insurer   can    then 
ly  to  the  exchange,  with   batdqnaitan   m 


,',' :  •• , ," 


The  Maine  Committee  of  tin-  Insurance  Ex- 
change made  report  in  June,  recommending  re- 
ductions on  specially  rated  risks  in  the  g 
fr»in  .'>  to  15  per  cent,  according  to  class.  <  >nly 
Bangor  and  rortland  are  in  the  tir>t  class — that 
i».  having  approved  water  supply,  fire  alarm, 
and  it  paid  fin-  department.  They  would  be  en- 
titled to  the  15  JMT  cuit.  n-ductioil'.  A  reduction 
of  12$  per  cent,  on  farm  property  was  also  recora- 

In  1*'.M  the  State  taxes  of  the  insurance  com- 
panies amounted  to  $32,683.34.  Of  this  amount 
$14,234.04  was  for  fire  insurance ;  $17,380.63  for 
life ;  $1,063.67  for  accident. 

Farming.— The  secretary  of  the  Board  of 
it  ure  MUMS  up  the  general  crop  result  as 
follows: 

In  1R95  Meinc  produced  the  largest  potato  crop 
known,  which  ha*  proved  in  some  cases  a  source  of 
poverty  in  the  midst  of  abundance.  The  abundant 
harveftta  of  hay.  jrrain,  and  corn  have  given  our 
feeder*  plenty  affcod  for  their  animals.  Our  dairy 
animal*  arc  increasing  in  numbers  and  in  average 
productiveneaa ;  our  young  stock  has  inert; 
numbers  and  in  average  value.  The  sheep  industry, 
although  somewhat  crippled  by  the  low  price  of 
«•••].  has  afforded  a  reasonable  income  on  the  capital 
and  labor  expended. 

The  number  of  fanner^'  institutes  held  during 
the  year  was  46;  cost,  $1,784.89;  total  attend- 
ance, 6.210. 

Two  bills  of  importance  to  the  dairy  interest 
were  passed  by  the  Legislature  :  one  regul at  ing 
the  sale  of  oleomargarine,  and  one  requiring 
-the  testing  of  all  articles  used  in  connection 
with  the  Babonck  test  in  the  butter  factories." 

liame  and  Fish  Law*.— The  secretary  of  the 
Pish  and  Game  Association  roj*>rts  that  excel- 
lent remits  have  been  obtained  from  the  opera- 
tion of  the  new  law  in  regard  to  fish,  the  supply 
being  on  the  increase.  Sebago  Lake  has  been 
Mocked  with  trout.  The  change  of  the  close 
time  on  partridges  has  also  been  beneficial.  In 
reference  to  large  game  the  report  says: 

We  are  confronted  with  difficulties  which  it  was 
•ojMthe  ehan««  in  the  law  and  the  increased  ap- 
Ptvpnalmi  would  in  a  large  measure  overcome.  I 
have  letters  from  guides  and  others  which  indicate 
that  laryeffmme  were  in  crater  number*  in  our  forest* 
at  the  fm  of  October  than  ever  before,  and  that  we 
bar.  now,  at  the  clone  of  the  season,  not  Imt  the 

naHocresMto  far  a*  relate*  to  deer.  Caribou  are 
plenty,  sad  It  is  a  mooted  question  whether  the 

-  is  in  m  large  number,  at  at  the  close  of  last 


It  is  estimated  that  5,000  head  of  largo  game 
were  killed    in   the  Mate  during  the  yea^^H 

these  cost    the    hunters   (including: 
lulls,  guides,  et  rage  of  $1(M>  a|> 

I  i>heries.  *        mi-- ii.ncr  says: 

"Tin  -lied  in  the  cnstoiii>  ili.-triets  of 

-M-ls.  which  are  e\c|uxj\, 
gaged  in  the  fisheries,  and  in  addition  t: 
employed  in  the  shon  '"GjQB 

ashing  boats  with  a  valuation  of  not  less  uX 
$500,000.    The  sea  and  shore  IM,. 
Ml  lo  upward  •  ' 

|>le.  and  involve  an  invest mciit  in  apparaiu-  an.. 
cash  capital  of  $3,000,000." 

<  ities  and  Tonns.— Lcwi 
Miiial.  .Inly  4,  with  a  p 
long,  athletic  sports,  a  conte>t 
and  a  display  of  fireworks. 
park  consisted  of  an  address  by  the  Ma 
historical  address  b\ 
tion  by  Senator  Fry'o,  and  a  prophecy  I 
gressinan  Dingley. 

NPV.  Aenty-fifLh  aSH 

versarv.  .lune  %J">.     In  1*70  a  colony  ol    .1  >.•..  :. 
under' the    lead   ol     lion.    \\  .    \V.'   Thonu 
sailed  fnun  (ioiln-nlnirg  f«»r  northern  Maine  ala 
settled  in  what  is  now  known  as  New  SwedHL 
tin  n  an  unbroken  wildonicss.  Swifli 

to-day  there  ai  while  in  i 

joining  township  are  7^>-r)  more.     The  colonist* 
have  erected  686  buildings,  built    . 
road,  and  own  live  stock  to  the  value  of  $^^H 

The  new   bridge    connecting   Calais   ai 
Stephen  was  formally  opened.  .Ian.  1'.),  with  ap- 
propriate   •  .     This    is    11. 
briage  over  the  St.  Croix.    It  consists  • 
steel  trusses  of  the  Pratt  type.     The  briftl 
proper  is  385  feet  long,  36  feet  wi>. 
and  has  a  head  run  over  the  floor  of  16  feet 

Legislative  Session. — This  opened  .Ian.  2, 
and  closed   March  27.    The  S 
adopt  the  Keed  rules  as  the  standard  of  , 
ure,  but  the  measure  met  with  opposition  in  the 
House  and  was  tabled. 

Acts  to  the  number  of  403  were  passed,  and 
134    resolves.      The    appropriations 
amounted  to    $1,758,406.5!),  and    for    1896  tc 
$1,624,107.53.    Some  of  these  an  tin  following 

For  pensions,  $140,000:   Hauler  "°fslj 

$150.000;  (len.ral   Hospital,  $15,000;    I 
Infirmary,  $10.000:  Bangor  General   ii 
000;  Central  (irncral   Hospital  (emid  ' 
000:  Penobneot   Indians,  $l«;,ir4 ;    Pawunti 
Indiana,  $16,080;  Cattle  Cominiacion,  |10/XX):  I 
Library,   $8,000;    Maine    Insane    II«-pitul,   >'••'" 

$20,000;  Befonn School, $60^00 ;  Milit:.: 
Orphan    Anylum,  $19,500;    - 
School  for  the  Deaf.  $10,000;  Industrial  School,  $14, 
000;  Children'*  A  -  Belfast,  $3,000. 

A  very  long  petition  was  sent  in,  ask 
legislation  in  regard  to  fish  and  L 
enactments  on  that  subject  were  HUM 
important  work  of  thesession,  I 
continuing  till  near  the  close,  when  the 
appropriating  $25.000  became  a  law.    U 
new  general  law  the  Governor  appoints  .'i 

<»ners  of  inland  fisheries  and  pime.lo^^B 
shall  be  the  land  agent,  and  who  shall  hold  t 
office  so  long  as  he  remains  land  n^ent.   'i 
2  shall  hold  their  office  for  three  years  and  ft 


MAINE. 

-Jyy 


ilary  of  $1.000  and  actual  trailing  new  law  nmrUat  for  a  rataatioa  of  t»  oa  aew 

>*e  no  dacMoM  eon-  vaajak,    The  vaJaaiion  to  to  be  nfwti  fi  % 

;i«ing  law*,  but  after  a  bearing,  of  ton  for  each  year  of  the  vejejft  a-»  ae  u»  ta» 

•olloa  bM  baan  fivan,  may  tnUrelj  vvMtojntb  PHI   ifcaa  <      n  • 

r  taking  of  any  kind  of  game  or  tn-  0ied  al  ta  a  U*. 


notic 

Uku,n-  of  any   ku,l  of  game  or  in-     filed  at  tt 
fed  1M.  n,  any  !*rt  Appeal)   from   tb. 

r*r  Th«  vantau  •hall  l»    Court  have  b*»o  an 

<-nrte«, 

•f  tS.000  ihall  l»  r*. 
m.    TbacmkUof  aMityihn 
li^  th«  IWi  *i>U  VMM  Uw«  •ball  bTteld  t^uaJly 
•Uwr  roeml.  r-   ..f   UM,  ,*rt». 


1'ixUr  UM 

•Uwr  roeml.  r-   ..f   UM,  ,*rt».     Ihao  S  of  liw 


TV.  b«<  motm  In    MT  CM 

ytuAiu.  '.    vfaUac 


MT  CMM  «nboul  of 
tt 


titdlookad  aalmon  in  any  of    oolleet  tneir  pay  •*• 
tit.  b        HotaedalecUintbe 

m»n  «hall  now  kill  tm.rv  than 
1  ball  M>—  .  I  raribou.  and  S  deer  between 
•f  each  year.    The  nuroi- 

r  «lmon  that  may  be  taken  ie    ing  $IOb  an<  i  ?,- 

•tale  an  aa 


••«  of  wardana  and     A  flne'noi 


other  than 

prnally  for  • 

\  .        -  .     .- 


and  T*K 

B  it  will  be     for  thT^I*  of  brand 
aalawful  to  oatrh  or  deal  in  lobetan  lam  than 
KH  inebej  long,  under  penalty  of  a  flne  of  f  I 

Itgialation  included  the   following 


fromd^aji    ^SSff^mJSSfS^^S^m^^^K 


'..  Miikwnpart  iDMraex* 
Uw  MKI  th«  oae  problMttot  eelaeaiaum  bave  be«i    Hxi r  title. 

IJMrtaW  toeeiJIiy^pabiaAl^geealeiefS     ,  Thm  ayw  i^ej^wafl '  «*j^g| 
{•in  •inieadftaiefBalf.iiielBiarf^^r&aiala. 

••  taw^  M-  iJiJM  nf -1    -    <*  i«»)  ,nK*N«L»nt»  th«    BOejUi   rvnaM  nwea    ^•f^    awaiBiBw 

««re  giaeHiJ  to  Dnlar  aa4   ftadb 


^Z3SZK«\3i&rZ*  ***** 


HaetbeUiailaorbbjaffWBetleaoverUM        Tbe  aw  law  <1««a  ill  bet  •    iPli 

efll     •»/     httlLlln.-!-      IA    ftriM      aU*^      ttfntMVe?     ^ftlW  •JiJneM   JM»  ^r^^^taeV   leB   ^^Hfe    I^Mwi     ta^ft     V^e^l 

•     ^^      »^B)»ft*llHw     v9    e^aW     WaeW     levl^^eW^     e^^^e^"         wvQvW   Qej    WpB^ar^^w    Wi  ^^^e7    Ma^W     %e^aar     T^BV§ 


. 
.all  take 

1 '  v 


itaeta  fai  that  rrlaUagto    Hhr It* aa* ml banatl eTi 
prop^TTW    aadfortWr«*iag« 


188 


MANITOBA. 


Among  the  commissions  to  be  appointed  by 
the  Governor  is  that  for  securing  uinf<>n 
legislation  with  other  States  in  respect  to  di- 
vorce, insolvency,  and  probate  laws,  also  those 
relating  to  descent  and  distribution  of  property, 
law  relating  to  recognizances  for  debt 
was  repealed. 

An  attachment  of  real  estate  expires  in  I'm- 
years  afterdate  of  filing,  unless  brought  forward 
at  the  request  of  the  plaint  nT  or  his  attorney. 

A  law  affecting  installment  sales  provides 
that  no  agreement  \\hcrcl.y  the  property  shall 
become  that  of  the  buyer  till  it  is  paid  for  shall 
be  valid  unless  recorded  in  the  dty  clerk's  office. 

Vessels  of  5  tons  or  less  on  inland  waters  are 
from  fees  for  inspect  ion  or  license. 

The  State  has  allowed  savings  banks  to  re- 
•juire  ninety  days'  notice  for  the  withdrawal  of 
deposit*,  atid  in  turn  has  provided  that 
banks  shall  not  invest  in  street  railways,  ti 
ing  those  already  built  in  Maine,  unless  there  is 
paid  in  on  the  stock  33}  per  cent.  «>f  the  amount 
of  bonds. 

The  laws  on  liens  were  amended ;  the  claim- 
ant has  forty  instead  of  thirty  days  in  which  to 
file  his  statement. 

Changes  were  made  in  the  law  governing  the 
sale  of  liquors.    Among  the  important  f< 
added  is  the  requirement  for  an  assay  of  the 
licmors. 

MANITOBA,  a  western  province  of  the  Do- 
minion of  Canada, 

Legislation.— The  third  session  of  the  eighth 
Legislature  was  opened  at  Winnipeg  on  Feb.  14, 
1895,  by  the  Lieutenant  Governor,  Sir  John 
Christian  Schultz,  with  a  speech  from  the  throne, 
which  contained  these  passages: 

It  appear*    that  during  the  past    year  unusually 

large  nhipmentu  of  stock  have  been  made  out  ot 'the 

o— an  encouraging  indication  that  our  farmers 

are  no  longer  wholly  relying  upon  the  production  of 

wheat. 

A  nubntantial  increase  in  the  provincial  subsidy 
haa  been  obtained  fro:n  the  Dominion  author 

By  the  judgment  of  the  .ludieial  Committee  of  the 
Privy  Council,  recently  pronounced  on  an  appeal 
from  the  Supreme  Court  of  Canada,  it  has  been  held 
that  an  appeal  lies  to  the  Governor  (ieneral  in  Coun- 
cil in  behalf  of  the  minority  of  thi*  province,  inas- 
much an  certain  right*  or  privileges  Driven  l.y  prior 
provincial  legislation  to  tin-  minority  in  educational 
matter*  had  b^en  affected  bv  the  public-schools  act 
of  1890.  and  that  therefore  the  Governor  (J(  rural  in 
ha*  power  to  make  remedial  orders  in  respect 
ihsiHu.  hi*  not  the  intention  of  my  <;<.\ernment 
in  any  way  to  recede  from  it*  determination  to  up- 
.  -  -•.-•.-,, 

It  ha«  Seen  determined  hy  the"  Department  of  Kdu- 


a  carefully  prepared  course  of 
in  agriculture  into  the  public  school*,  and 
daring  the  part  year  a  considerable  amount  of  pre- 
paratory work  ha*  been  accomplished. 

Finlay  M.  Young  was  elected  Speaker.    The 
principal  bills  passed  were  the  following: 

incorporated  outaide   of 


For  prevention  of  fraudulent  statements  by  com- 
panies and  other*. 

l:       ••••-...•         '•    .!i   .-..:.•     i,-!.,.    -,     Im-torii.,,. 

To  incorporate  the  Bed  River  Valley  Coloni/  .     n 
Land  Company. 

A  special  meeting  of  the  Legislature  was  . 

iy   !».   primarily  to  deal  with  the  s<        1 
question.     It  wa  .-  d  on  .June  2s. 

passing  the  following  measures,  among  <  > 

To  amend  the  municipal  boundaries  act. 
Respecting  munici]>al  bail  insurance. 
To  make  further  provision  renpectinc 

'h:im.->. 


act 


" 

To  make  ftntber  provision  rap 

To  ameod  the  Manitoba  insurance  act 

life  aNiurance  for  the 


ing  mortgagee  of 


To  incorporate  the  Canadian  Live  Stock  ai 
.nice  Company. 

>..v.  mm.  tit  of  Manitoba  to  loan  a 
amount  of  money  to  the  rural  muni- 
uli. 

The  most  important  subject  of  discn-  i<.n  .lur- 
ing the  two  sessions  of  the  Legislature  i 
was  the  school  question.    The  .Man  it-La 
lative  acts  of  May,  1800,  with  reference  to  th| 
public  schools  of   the  province,  ulu>li>l.. 
.  which  permitted  separate  Protest  a; 
Catholic  sections  of  the  School  Hoard,  ai 
dered  the  arrangement  of  all  the  sdi.,.,1  d 
both  Protestant  and  Catholic,  under  one  a^^ 
of  free  and  nonsectarian  schools,  to  t>* 
tained  by  the  collection  of  a  public-scho< 
Any  school  refusing  or  neglecting  ti»  work 
the  new  law  was  not  to  be  allowed  the  pi 
of  enjoying  a  share  of  the  grants  «r  allot 
The  Imperial  Privy  Council  naving  decided  that. 
while  the  Manitoba  act  of  1890  was  constW 
tional,  it  yet  remained  with  the  Domini. 
ernment  to  see  that  the  rights  of  th*    I 
Catholic  minority  were  respected  and  guai^H 
the  question  at  once  became  a  Federal  one.    Tin 
Ottawa  ministry,  sitting  as  a  court  of  I',- 
peal,  heard  the  complaints  and  the  dcfei, 
finally  issued  a  remedial  order  or  in-tnn  • 

initoba  Government  i-»  r.  •-•  •-!•••  th.    privi- 
leges taken  from  the  Catholics  by  the  al 
of  their  separate  schools  in  1800.    This  deoisM 
was  made  by  the  Governor  Gene  ml  in  c 
on  March  18,  declaring  that  the  rights  and  privi- 
leges enjoyed  by  the  Catholic  minor 
toba  prior  to  the  provincial  acts  of  1800  welt 
prejudicially  affected  by  those  act>.  and  re<ju«  -i 
ing  legislation  that  should  repeal  the  existjB 
law.  in  order  that  the  wrongs  comnl 

;'  holies  might  be  removed.    This  the  pro- 
vincial Government  flatly  refused  to  do,  and 
were  supported  in  their  opposition  by  a  1MB 
majority  of  the  Assembly,  and  apparently 
I>eople  of  Manitoba.    It  was  pointed  oak  tM 
the  difficulty  of  maintaining  separate  scho^^ 
a  large  and   scattered   country  like    ManitA 
practically  amounted  to  an  impossibility.    ^P 
decision  of   the  Government    created   t 
tinct  issues—  one  between  Catholics  and  Protes- 
tants, the  other  between  the  provin 
minion    Legislatures.     'Die    situation    \\-.-. 
ward.     Th.-  Minister  of  Justice  for  the  I- 
ion.  Sir  ('.  II.  Tupper,  considered  th< 
so  serious  that  he  resigned   in  order  to  brflK 
about  a  dissolution,  this,  in  his  view,  be 
onlv  constitutional  course  open   to  hin 
resfgnation  was  tendered  on  March  26,  but  thr« 
days  later  he  was  prevailed  upon  to  remain  in 
office.    Matters  now  await  the  legislation  that  is 


by  the  Dominion  Go? 

'  i  •     1 '  . 


. 
^ral  Sifloii 

Molrtefli  ibolttiattlM  provt    il< 


«-  i.r , •-•!..  ii.1  ^  n  ra  •    ' 


Dt  governor  of  each  province  by  UM  been  notioMhK  more  tban  10  new  dMmv  ami 

term*  of  UM  art  butter  faetorie.  bavin*-  been  •rtit.HeJMil  d«rtnc 

^i^t  ^^^^S^s^^^A1^^ 

in  the  $I6JM)  for  the  jammer  momliM  MM!  $MLWfor 


John  HobulU  •§  Lieutenant 

Bent  waa  randereU  in  UM 
«htch  toetained  in 

Hull  thnt 


•      .   •   ,    •         ,     .- 

MMrttanV-Tii 


•  her    WM  ; 

ea,  tbe  nle    number  of  papUt  we*  StjtHQ.  aad  UM 

1 4M  e>wav    Attendaooe    10LS00.      Tbe    tce^e^tv    eji 

1.047:  UM  aeboolt  in 


•  vofiM  M!MT  of  UaalMH  WM  MHL  ^ 

t  Lli  JJY  t*n---—  *-*'---'     —^ 

I^B&^NF  1W  w^MvV  DW^^B*       |  0v   MBWOHMW 

to  UM  HbooliWM  9IOI.OI&ML  M4  UM 


•*i«.  HriejJ 

l.«0;    ernoob  (or  tnti 

H«.  tW.ww.9l 


loan*  to  where  the 

.1  .t..l  »i».ut  eqwU  in 

deoMUire  acv  ivoeJledtbe 

re*  era  Colon  i.  are  »• 

•oeo.nt.t40..  «hoobin 


.it*l  of  tMtlJBNl  iMiju|ln«  MM 
wa<e»  tfinfMlnf  flSAjft.    TW 
duet  WM  valued  at  ftlOLlAMl  TW 


totals  (.V   TtMouUrtamlin*dtt*ntur<« 

of  ihc  Pr,%,,,  i  .v  UM  nd  of  1*4    •        •  i 


MANt'FACTURES   IN    Till-:   fNITKh   STATES. 


MANUFACTURES    IN    THE    UNHID 
N  I  v  FES.     Under  the  general  heading  I 
STATES  in  the  last  issue  of  the  >(  Am  ami 

1  a  Ubolar  exhibit  of  census  results  con- 
cerning manufactures.    The  table  gives  nmny 
important  facts  relating  to  the  dtfwopa 
industries  in  165  cities,  showing,  opposite  each 
name,  for  1880  and  1890,  the  aggregate  numlx>r 
of  manufacturing  establishments,  total  amount 
of  capital  invested,  total  number  of  him 
ployed,  and  aggregate  of  wages  i>.u<l.    T 
two  coin  in'  the  total  cost  of  in 

used  in  each  city,  1800,  and  value  of  products  or 
goods  manufactured  m  ihe  same  year. 

The  following  oxhiint  -.hows  in  detail,  alpha- 
betically, by  nidi.  capital  invest* 
of  materials  used,  and  value  of  products  (goods 
manufactured),  1890,  including    receipts   from 
custom  work  and  repairing,  in  165  cities,  when- 
ever the  amount  used  in  any  city  for  any 
industry  exceeds  $900,000. 

The  total  given  for  each  city  under  the  h.-.-id- 
ing  "  Capital  "  includes  both  hired  property  and 
direct  investment,  because  the  aggregate*  thus 
made  represents  truly  "all  the  property  strictly 
pertaining  to  a  manufacturing  business." 

The  industries  included  in  the  compendium 
report  for  1890,  but  not  in  any  previous  census 
returns,  were  bottling;  cars  and  general  shop 
construction  and  repairs  by  steam  railroad  com- 
panies; china,  decorating;  clothing,  women's, 
dressmaking;  coffins  and  burial  cases,  trimming 
and  finishing;  cotton,  cleaning  and  rehandliri- ; 
cotton  ginning;  cotton  waste;  drug  grinding; 
>ts*  preparations,  not  including  prescrip- 
sas,  illuminating  and  heating;  hay  and 
straw,  baling;  millinery,  custom  work;  petrole- 
um, refining. 

of  these  industries  do  not  reach  $200,000, 
and  will  not  therefore  be  found  in  the  tables. 

Bach  industry  having  3  or  more  establish- 
ments in  any  cit  i  a  separate  heading. 
Those  industries  in  which  less  than  3  establish- 
ments wereengaged  are  grouped  under.  "All  Other 
Industries,**  in  order  that  the  operations  of  in- 
dividual establishments  may  not  be  disclosed. 
Industrial  operations  of  the  municipal  govern- 
ments of  cities,  also  the  manufacturing  opera- 
•f  penal,  reformatory,  and  charitable  in- 
L  included  in  the  Compendium, 
because  such  enterprises  are  conducted  under 
ions    •'essentially    different    from 

prevail    in    the   case  of    individual    or 
private  corporations.** 


CTTT  AXD  STATE. 


Afriealtval      Impl* 


"JSSS 


0   id 


MUM 

lft6J4« 


•SjttVMI 

i        •••  -:• 
UftMld      4^H 

•    '- 


11  .:-.» 
:..  |  :, 
770^7 


"888 


ujmgn 


BH8T4 


CITY  AND  STATE. 


Kir  tun.. 


Artificial  Feathers  ar 
Flowers. 

.  <>rk,  N.  Y 


Artists'  Materials. 
New  York,  N.  V 

Awnings,   Tent*,   an 


Boston.  Mua 

Chlcwo,  111... 
NawYork,  N 
PhlUdclpbU,P».... 

I'ortliii.d.  Ore. 

!:    1 


Axle  Grease. 

San  KrancUco,  Cal  ..... 

Babbitt  Metal  and  Sol 

der. 

Philadelphia,  Pa... 

at.  Louis,  Mo... 

Bags,  other  than  Paper 

New  Orleans.  Lai" 
New  York,  N.  Y  ...... 

Philadelphia.  Pa 

St.  Louis,  v 

Ban  Frandaco,  Cal  ..... 

Baj?s,  Paper. 
New  York.  N     » 
Philadelphia,  Pa... 
St.  Loui»,Mo... 

Bakery  Products. 

Altai. 

Allegheny,  Pa  ......... 

Atlanta,  Ga.  ..... 

Baltimore,  Md.. 
Boston  Mass 


Buffalo,  N    . 
Camliridirc,  Mabs... 
Charleston,  8.  C  ....... 

O.i.-.-u.-.  III. 
<<in.-inn:iti.  Ohio 
Cleveland,  Ohio  . 
Columbus,  <  >hio 
Dwiv.-r.  <'<•!   ... 
I).  -tn.it.  Mirh.    . 

Qnad  i:.-i|.i.i-.  Mi.-h    . 
Hohoken.  N 
Indianapolis,  Ind 
Jerv 

Kansas  City,  Mo... 
Los  Anfreles,  Cal 
Louisville.  Ky.  . 
Lynn.  Mass  ...... 

Milwaukee,  Wis 
Minneapol. 

X.-«-:irk.    N    -J 

New  Haven.  Conn 
New  Orleann.  La 
New  York. 
Omaha.  Neb  ..... 
Pateraoo.  N.J.. 
Peoria,III 
Philadelphia.  Pa 
r.  P*  ..... 
M-  .......... 

N.  v     .. 

li.   I     ....... 

R*adln*,  Pa  ...... 

Boebest«r,  N.Y. 

8t  Louis,  Mo... 
St.  Paul,  Mtni».. 


sts 


419,81 
B6fi,01 


474,07 


161,01 


100,70 

1.44 1.:  :.'H 

•JV...7-. 


•ajH 

B6MO 


4.  -'.'7.1.'. 


6BM4I 

7U-.-.-.7 


888,181 
BB&MM 

41-J.i:;. 


K4.7K 


MM6I 


ilff.746 

459.441 

•ji.  ;..%-< 
200^07 
614.7SI 


MM 


f.7 I.  !•'.'< 
•.'.a- ..  ;.'.•:,. 


. 
171.111 


429.743 
M4SII 

i.  •.",-..  »7«; 
80MT8 

1.111.H17 
IILM 


IK..I.M 
67 


1,116.515 
MB.M 

iynjM 

BM311 

ne,TM 

i:,].— 
DJ6MS1 

rnjem 


«4fJ_ 

4^<.»<* 


1.1! 


•PACTURES  IN  THE  DXITKD  STA 


411 


Ill 


MANUFACTURES  IN  THE   UNITKD  SPATES. 


CITY  AND  STATK. 


New«rk,  N.  J 

Philadelphia,  PA... 
Watrrbuiy.  Coon.. 

Brick  and  Tile. 


SI 

CMUHJ.  Ohio 


887,48 
986,150 


JSJS 


1,068,61 
850,425 

POM  i  S 

ss 

868,048 

647,480 

1,856^55 

1.7-J7.707 

406,640 

880,656 

81AJ8I 


404,155 
2,548,782 


885,965 
IJ8MN 

MM 

458,786 


•J.41n.7-9 


140,141 

8,944^99 
S0574 
818^05 


888y48l 

L,60M81 

INJNI 

1^89,910 


8884M 

861,447 
856,150 
416,210 


1418,180 
L6MJM 

1,477,587 


852,076 
211^)00 
860.774 
817^70 


778J8I 


•;;'  • 


088,lfl 

nfr 


984,715 

11904! 
3*0,980 
887,907 


488,645 


mjtu 


01081 

7H7.4-.-: 


S47..X' 
881481 

HVJ.-H 

HI  !.'.'»' 

1,485024 

888,998 

IOIJN 

112,400 

1,887,828 


158,784 

741.471 

tajm 


2,188,945 


48.999 
40,813 


.',7.447 

l.V.M-o 


88U8I 


00319 


-."1.7-  ' 
14-.1:'." 
4-.14- 

01,100 


mjm 

.V,.77:< 
158,608 

08M08 


11,188 
79379 


080401 
8MM 

44,'HHi 


484M 


614,450 
1,874,150 

881.000 
225J70 


881)811 


804,186 
850,161 

w 


B.WM300 
1,848,566 


LJ88JM 
977,808 
[88,T8fl 

1,409,088 


867,711 


548,694 


2,512386 
648.486 
998,074 
250,000 


411,869 

•-VJ14.7M 
606,600 


216,960 
08,140 


1801,076 

489,800 
161,048 


559,455 

879.600 
199,807 

218,850 


877,846 

mum 


896,154 
09491 


8.586,191 


BSS 


101080 

182,500 


178.600 
165,050 


ITTY    AND   STATK. 


IMtt!.t,unr.  P. " 

PortUn,!.  On- 

8MrrmbdMo,Oal.... 
Ironse  Castings. 
NtwTork.  N.  Y 

i  and  Brtuhet. 
Md... 


Brooklyn.  N    1 
Cincinnati  • 

Philadelphia,  Pa... 

•  "Ula,  Mo 

Buttons. 
Boston,  Mitt 
Newark,  N.J.'.'.'.'.' 
New  York,  N.  Y.. 
Philadelphia,  Pa... 
Provldenc- 
Waterbury,  Conn. . 

Cardboard. 

New  York,  N.  Y.. 
Carpentering. 

Akron,  Ohio 

Albany,  N.  Y 

Allegheny,  Pa 

Baltimore,  Md 

Binghamton,  N.  Y., 

Boston,  Mass 

Bridgeport,  Conn... 

Brockton,  Mass 

Brooklyn,  N.Y 

Buffalo,  N.  Y 

<  •ami.ridtro,  Ma««s... 

Caraden,N.  J. 


Charleston.  8.  C. 
Chicago,  III 


Chicago,  II 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.... 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Covington,  Ky. 


Denver,  Co! 

Detroit,  Mich 

Duluth.  Minn 

Fort  Worth,  Texas . 

Hartford,  Conn 

Hoboken,  N. 
Indianapolis,  Ind..., 
Jersey  City,  N.J..., 

Johnstown,  Pa 

Kan..., 

City.  Mo 

Lawrence.  Mass.... 
Los  Angeles.  Cai.... 

Loulsvillo,Ky 

Ixiwi-11,  Maw 

Lvnn.  Mats   

Maldon.  Maw 

Milwaukee,  Wis  .... 
Minneapolis,  Minn... 

Newark,  N.J 

New  Bedford,  Mast.. 
New  Haven,  Conn . . . 
New  Orleans,  La.... 

Newton,  Mass 

New  York,  N.  Y.... 
Omaha,  Neb 

,1 
Peoria.111   . 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

PHUborV.  Pa. 

Portland.  M«- 

Portland.  On> 

Providence,  B.  I 


|SJy88l  * 


I01J88I 

•j  B8MR 

OOJBM 

810,064 


8t  Louis.  Mo 
8L  Paul,  Minn 
Francisco.  Cal 
errille,  Maat.. 


806,100 
817,187 


587 

M  7  l,7i. 


574,655 


3SS 

499>« 
T84,lll 


M44.1S1 

1.'J11».417 

098,891 

Ml.Hfo 

W.M77 


406.TTI 


B044M 

4-M..H41 


M8JM 

889,641 
288458 


874,7* 


866,886 
274,608 
108,551 

BOQJtl 
I8MM 


MUM 


458,785 


8^08,760 


111,1811 

1.044.71.-. 
606,468 


252.700 


fi.f.is.or, 


IIJH 


SS5 

85tyN 

MMl 

108, 
li.'.'.ot 
18831 
148,811 
•A971 
ITM8 

H8j8i 

88841 

488,111 

^'t'.\l: 

nuBn 

8,144,741 

M"!7-i 

808361 

*»liWfll 

844,881 

:t:.4.«/j:i 

56M81 
681,011 
683314 


'J.M.4C 
818g08l 


501,111 

.v..7.44r, 

758,884 

:uu.47tf 

2,005.717 

— 


4667651 
M8J81 

41  '.'.727 
888^081 


.V.I.  ""27 
9^808488 

246^00 
1^14,688 

818,881 


484SS 


.''70.000 


7-Mi.o«; 
7.M.4W 

«.^.;*4 

771'.7^i 


MAMTAiTl  Kl>    IN     TBM    '   Mii  :•    ~;  MJ   - 


4-14 


MANUFACTURES   IN    TIIK  fMTKD   STATES. 


CITT  ANDSTATft. 


New  York,  N.  Y . . 
Clothing,    Men's, 
torn  work  and 


,...;:.„ 
Davenport.  Iowa . 


M*,   Men's,   cus- 
tom work  and  re. 

materials 


sa 


Wi75,689 
8.081,519 
1.200,480 


Mill 

687848 

1,182,128 

204,094 


699,124 
278^42 
968,195 


808,111 


-J.V»  - 
292,470 


664,065 

668,048 

424,660 

18,642,840 

.--..747 
216.010 


2,008.167 
MQ,1» 


M8JM 

l.l'.l.Ul 


2^22,668 


229,410 
246.721 


.   .»   ' 


1^42,789 
1.785,785 
988,060 
4^44,69 


II9.-44 

MMi 

i:  •'.'..".". 
29<872 


88U211 


I'M  '.,74- 


185,928 
9MH 

801,711 

111.  '.'71 


BMgNI 
L2LM 


ssa 


•as 
as 


801,180 

5,ooo>7i 

4.17VOO 
2.180,424 
11.002,810 
4,019,485 
M5M69 


4M.V.M-J 


1,448,667 
124088 


HI7.4I7 

4.-VC.7 


258,586 


1,299,165 

841,782 

249,196 

1,890,754 

1,002,764 

770..-.4J 

788^70 

49&044 

I7,96A891 

520,669 


249,880 
6,901  ,«81 
1,677,581 

wtjm 


906.121 

261J64 
•MM 


8,076,704 
508,711 

8,718.646 


478,872 
449,468 
800,018 


8.-W.M2 


MA.T2B 
111,181 


N40M 

»,64*,rn 


Detroit,  Mich 

li,.!.:,M:i,,,,il,:   In.l 

Newbunr,  N    \ 
NewOr&na,La. 

Ni-w|H,rl,  Ky 

New  York,  N    \ 
Oman*,  N, 

Itttahurir.  Pa. 

Portland,  Me 

Portland,  Ore... 

rr.ivi,i,.iir.-.  i:.  i     . 

K.H-h.  M,  r,  N    V 

M     -I  ..s,.,,|,.   M..    .... 

8tLouls,Mo... 
St.  Paul,  Minn. . 

San  Kimndaco,  Cal 

Syracuse,  N 
Terre  Haute,  I  ml 
Uttca.  N.  V 

Clothing,       Women's 

dressmaking. 
Albany.  N.  Y  ... 
Baltimore,  Md.... 

Boston,  Mass 

Brooklyn.  ' 
Buffalo,  N 


.  Ill 

OnHnnati,  Ohio 

Los  Anffeles,  Cal 

Ivouisviile,  Ky 

Lowell,  Mass. 

Lvmi.   MH.*S 
Milwaukee,  Wls 

MHin,-.i|,,,liv  Minn     . 

New  York.  N 

nrnah:i.  Nob 

Philadelphia,  Pa ! 

l'n.v.(|,-n,-«..  K.  I 
H.H-hcst.T.  N    V 


SL  Louis,  Mo. . 

San  Francisco.  Cal  . . 

Mass 

•  ' 
YoDkera,  N.   . 


Clothing,  Women's,  fac- 
tory product. 

Albany,  N.  Y... 
Baltimore.  Md 

Chieaco,  111 

Cradnnitt.  Ohio 

»hk> 

New  York.  N.  Y.... 

Philadelphia.  Pa 

I.Wh.-M-r.  N.  Y... 

I 

San  Francisco,  Cal  . . 

Clothing,  Women's,  fac- 
tory product,  mate- 
rials furnished. 
New  York,  N.  Y.... 

Coffee  and  Spice,  roast- 
ing and  grinding 


.  N    F... 

Cbicajro.  Ill 

r.nati,  Ohio.. 
Dayton.  Ohio 
Kansas  City.  Mo 
Milwaukee,  WU 


886,771 


l4i,TTH 


nn 


1,188,18 


4  I  I.  s'.C 


U84i,47l 

22^871 
449,061 


108^61 


1.J47.4M 

:..':,:;.;, 

ifQti 

l,068,l« 
897^M 

l.V"H..f,|K 

285>54 


M1TM 

74.M40 


19^08374 
Ul  I.'.'TT 


444.2M 
1,112,04'.' 


MiB 

M4M 

mm 


I6U8 


i.'.'7-M 


U668JH 


•jr.  S. 


I9Q. 


177.440 

•gn 

'.''..1.474 

98,141 

•J.--.J.V4-.". 
46,11 

IjH 

446J61 
1,076,311 

tSSm 
is&on 


II7.0M 

T.'UV'H.', 

.v, :.--»', 

998,181 
1,228^881 

1920^91 
lUMM 
29MOI 


428J1I 


217.117 
477,922 


80AJM 


I.OMJ61 


MANUPACTritKs  IX  TBB  UNITED  STAT» 


44»J 


MANUFACTURES  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


ax« 


Pawtuokot,  R.  1 

DjestoA  and  Extract*. 

Bo»U>o.Maas 

I.  Y.... 


Electric     Light     and 


N.  Y. 

N.Y.. 


Electrical     Apparatus 

and  BnDDlieS, 
71        «»w|»|»«^». 

Boston,  Maa*.  


Ohi 

U,V,.UM,|.  Oh.,, 

New  York.  N. 
PhUadelpbia!  P. 
St.  Louis,  Mo 


Electroplating. 


Chicago,  HI. 
M«wYork,N.Y 
Philadelphia.  l'» 

Prov,,J,.n.v.  K.  I 


and     Die 


Engraving,   Steel,   in- 
cluding plate  print- 

n!n!; 

New  Y« 


•1MJT4 


844,217 


761,206 


'.'1.1-1 
845,664 

5MS1 
180,158 


tmjm 

180,950 


'.'!.!  Mi 
UB0.271 


288,747 


485,458 


812,1 


828,661| 


219,7 


88,5M 
185,808 

68,897 
449,821 


U.TM 

196,501 


822,564 

17V-7':. 

80,610 


617,918 


414,1 
940.14 
114 


69214 
156,078 


2,566,877 

!??»* 


166,769 

40U668 

1,486.720 


718,689 


1,707,679 


1.W7.6W 


MUM 

977,000 


1^65,071 
464,848 
MBJN 


I7«V_"N» 
17  7.  '.01 


649  8W 


299,925 


890,821 

1^00,604 

292,648 

ymja* 


977.^70 


8,957,845 
228,000 
909.758 

•_'•>:,  -T/J 

547,200 

S.292/WO 


818,050 


405,870 

tu$m 


CITY  AMD  8TATK. 


Flouring     and     Orist 
Mill  Products. 

Akron.  <>lil<>    . 
Baltimore,  Md... 


Sett 


8.0. 


Dallas,  Te 
Davenport,  low*. . . . 

D.-nv,  r.  <o| 

Drtn.il.  Mu-h 

Erie,  Pa..  . 

Kvanftvllle,  Ind 

F.irt  Worth,  Tex** .. 
(Jran.l  Rapid*.  Mich. 
Indianapolis,  Ind.... 

.1,1,-kHon.  Mirh 

Kansas  City,  Mo. . . . . 

Ucroftse,  Wi* 

Lawrence,  Mas* 

Louisville,  Ky 

M.-mi.hi*.  T.-nn 

Milwauk",.,  \V,< 
Mmmvi|,olK  V 
NVw  York     N.  V. 

Oakland,  Cal 

Oswego,  N.  Y 

Phila.l-li.liia.  I'a.. 
Pittsbunr.  Pa 

Sarram.-ntn.  < -al  . 
Sagin:iw.  Mirh.  .. 
St.  .rov,.,,h.  Mo ... 

St    Louis.  Mo 

P»nl,  Minn. 


8L 

Ban  Francisco,  Cal 

Scranton,  Pa 

Sioux  City,  Iowa 

Sprtngflefd,  Mo 

Terre  Haute,  Ind.... 

Toledo.  ( »hio 

Top«ka.  Kan   

UUca,N.  Y 

Washington,  D.O... 
Wichita,  Kan 

Food  Preparations. 
Boston,  Mass 

Brooklyn.  N.V 

Chicago,  III 

NewYork,  N.  Y.... 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

San  Francisco,  Cal !.i 

Foundry  and  Machine- 
shop  Products. 

Akron.  Ohio 

Albany,  N.  Y 

Allegheny,  P»  '"' 
Allentovrn.  P*. — 
Atlanta,  On 

Auburn,  N.  Y 

Baltimore.  Md 

BavCity.  Mir-h. 
Bl nghamton,  N.  Y 
Birmingham,  Ala 


Bloomlnjrtoo,  II). 

Hosron.  Man- 


n  _i  j  _ .__ --+ 
f»nfl|cCpOrL, 

Buffalo.  N.  Y 
Burlington,  low*... 
(Abridge.  Mass... 

Camden,  N.J 

Canton,  Ohio 

Charleston.  8.  C.!!! 
Chattanooga,  Tenn. . 

Cheater,  Pa 

Chicago.  Ill 

Cincinnati.  Ohio 


Cleveland.  Ohio 


fl.927,100 


!4<V6tt 


854,701 


mja* 

W£ 


7M.M4 

.'„•,:,,„; 


MM« 

4-J4.16. 


B96.078 


NMH 

•J-JI.1-J4 


810^17 


•614M 


7:-\:«w 
•.MI'IM-J 

HUM 


1,00(1.178 


Itt^Ti 

4M.1-7 


I^MJDN 

14,007.4«8 
B.78MM 

I384J0I 

B9TJBM 
904.TM 
T4LMO 


•J72.W, 


U90Q.S 

gnM 
unu 

IjOMJ 

CM^ 


40.441 

MUN 

1,411,42 


IOM 

l.:m.4" 
106686 


BBD^SS 
BTBjM 

DIM 


847,110 

W..W1 

887,769 


l.'Ml. 


i:',.  - 


^ 


I  UK  I'M 


<«        • 


448 


MANUFACTURES  IN   THE  UNITED  STATKS. 


•ass 

;(  .,:.::, 

KJS 


Gas  and  Lamp  Fixtures. 
Bo.ton.Mana 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


Hew  York,  N.Y 

!'       .:     ;..,!•> 


ill  ;-n"rit-.' 


Hyn,  N.  Y. 

fo,  ID. 

rewYork,  N.  Y. 
Pitubonr.Pa.... 


Gas  Machines  and  Me- 
ters 
Philadelphia,  Pa 

Gas  Stores. 

CVvekad,  Ohio. 


Broothr 


OU«C«tttnf.8toining, 
ani  Ornamenting 


lt«w  Tort. 
*••  Fnadteo,  GsL 
Glue 
K«w  York,  Jf.  T.. 

Ooli  ami  SUrtr,   leaf 

aal  f-hl 
K«r  Tor*;  If  T 


.«- .  •-•• 
115,801 


•1 1 . ..»,.M  i- 

5S.026.169 

•j. .-..:. v 


I.'77/..'I 


7:17.0  "I 

UHjM 

1,64\000 


^i- 

•    •  -• 


I4A8M 

I6M66 
160,180 


HBJBM 


117.J4'< 
889846 
188^61 
7H,V.".. 
468,796 


ojajM 


raym 


MMM 
N0\848 


nn 


HUM 


CITY  AND  STATE. 


1114,014 
I64JOO 

i  •.•.:.»•'.•..'  i  :. 
B6*jBM 

1,018,171 


851,790 

1,160,004 

MM80 

N8L4M 


421.000 


I6MOO 

1.717.459 


:t.n.-M..V_'7 
1,919,681 


B7M80 


i  .M....OJ: 
1.0 11,461 
1,117.000 

••..17C.O.T, 


441.810 
86L008 

•17.0V, 


570.144 


Gold  and  Silver,  reduc- 
ing and  refining 
not  from  the  ore. 

New  York.  N    N 

Providence,  K.  I 

Grease  and  Tallow 


NY... 

Philadelphia,  Pa.  .  . 
Hairwork. 

Boston,  MaM.  ....... 

P,nH,U>«,  N.  Y  ..... 

Philadelphia,  Pa  .  . 
San  Francisco,  Cal... 

Hand  Stamp*. 

New  York,  N.  Y 
Hardware. 

Bridgeport,  Conn.... 

Buffalo,  N.  ^ 
Chicago.  HI 
Clev< 

N 

Now  Haven. 

New  York,  N.  Y.... 

Philadelphia,  Pa  ..... 


N    Y  ..... 

.  Y  ...... 

Waterbury,  Conn 
Worcester,  Mass  ...... 

Hardware,  Saddlery. 

Newark,  N.  J  ........ 

Hat  and  Cap  Materials. 

New  York,  N.  Y  ....... 

Hats  and  Caps,  not  in 
eluding  wool  hats. 

Baltimore.  Md.  .  . 

Boston.  Maw  ..... 

Br.K>klyn.  N.  Y. 

Chicago,  111 

Milwaukee,  WIs  ....... 

N,-wark.  N 

New  York,  N.  Y 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Yonker^N.  Y  ......... 

Hosiery  and  Knit  Goods. 
Boston,  Mass.. 
Brooklyn.  N 
Cbteffa,  III. 
Cincinnati,  Ohio  ... 
Cohoc»,  N.  ^ 
Lowell.  MaM  ........ 

Milwaukee,  Wia  ..... 

New  York,  N.  Y.... 

,.  -r.  i:   I 
Philadelphia,  Pa  ..... 

Providence,  B.  I  ..... 

T..|«do.  Ohio. 

Troy,  v 

Utlca,N.  Y  ......... 

House-furnish'g  Goods 
not  elsewhere  speci- 
fied. 

Chksago,Ill  ...... 

NewY-rk.  N.  Y 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Ice,  artificial. 
Baltimore.  Md. 
rincinnatl.  Ohio 
New  Orleans,  La 
Philadelphia,  Pa 
Portland.  Ore... 
San  Antonio,  Texas  ..... 

Ink,  printing. 
Brooklyn.  N.  Y. 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 


7W.718 


807^171 

SMI 


«;7.f..«T. 


mum 


U18MOI 

:;•-.::  i- 


178,411 
U6W.40I 


8,048,022 


727.7.V) 
DOM« 

Cl/,7. 

- 


'.'7 -.--':• 
.IMffiOf 

->' .;:'.' -<•-'• 
JIVJ.-H; 

0084M 


286,950 
948,156 

'J.M."f,7 
697,176 


IHTH 
ltt,Ml 

806,174 
BMPI 

40,060 

MM 
MS 

Boe^n 


Mfl^flH 

1.  1  '»•.'.!•'  '4 

87UU 


v.'7> 


WM     i.aM.W 
198,671 
70,108 


188,141 

1.1  •.-.•.<  r.".' 

719,449 


874,618 
408,1M 


. 
MSJM 


848,166 


«U8M 

I2J006 


ai  8,4 


4ft2.V.7 


MAM-FACTUEEB  IN  TIIK  TOITBD  STATIX 


150 


MANUFACTURES  IN    Tl IK   UNITED  STATES. 


CITY  AND  1TATI. 


Lime  and  i 
MM*N.  Y. 


SRSSf:: 

Duboqoe,  Iowa. 


Ujilii.Vinons. 
Los  Aarslea.  Oal 
ft.LoA.Mo... 
•M  rraocUoo, Oal 


"fltt 


tffiffi 


I884M 

4,45.%671 


i.  •.-.•:..  17.  • 

.'..,•.7.418 


44706 

909375 


405.646 

111381 

8O3T1 


799387 
279,000 


BWS 


1,221,680 


874s496 

16,589,750 

I347T* 

678,965 


560,100 
6,457784 

Kru 


471.7'- 


418346 
1.174.191 


mtjn 
mm 


•  I443C 


.  ..,1  • 


Sffi 


U8,TH 


MUNI 


IMM 


1,77«,«07 
108,881 


M1AJMM 

2,400317 
B8T.1M 


M8JN8 
606,145 


87,419 

1  Jv.'M 

108,081 


10U88 

617,441 
8^07,848 

•01,181 
MM.TM 

602^62 


18881 


6TMM 

141001 


188311 

.17-J.'H. 
X-.-7 


ll.V.-.M 
M8M6I 

•-••-•7.4:,'. 


*& 

S£f 
as 


66.244 


182,484 

161,747 


11.471.678 


1,071,611 


1086 
M8MM 

4^09,141 


12,004^20 

:!.'.'74,'t7rt 


7.IM.4I7 


81TJ8B5 
8464448 

•J47.7'.'.'. 
§04,609 


106,000 


10,810,605 
686,000 


4,818 
10^06,692 


118,880 
B08446 
103^70 


I884M 

107^16 

16,185,560 

788,840 

108,711 

1*88,854 


564,400 


1^00391 
1,188,181 


I8MM 


CITY  AND  STATE. 


Lock  and  Gunsmithing. 


N-NV  York.   N.  Y 
Philadelphia,  Pa 

Looking-glass  and  Pic- 
ture Frames. 

fflS-.; 

O.i,-^o.  Ill 

( •itirinnull.  Ohio     

Ov-laml.  Ohio 

lMn.il.  Mirh 

N.-w  York.  N.  Y 

Philadelphia.  Pa. 
Plttsburg,  Pa, . . . . 

i:,H-h,.McT.  N   Y 

St.  Louis,  M 

Ban  Francisco,  Cal  

Lumber  and  other  mill 
products  from  logs 
or  bolts. 

Bay  City,  Mich. 

Blngbamt.. 

Hurlington,  Iowa 

Camden,  N\J... 

Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

rhicair...  Ill 

.  

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Davenport,  Iowa 

Dayton.  Ohio 

..it,  Mich 

Dubuque,  Iowa 

Evansville.  Ind 

Fort  Wayne.  Ind  

Grand  Kaplds,  Mich.... 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

Lacrosse.  Wts 

Louisville,  Ky  

Memphis,  Tenn 

Minneapolis,  Minn 

Mobile,  Ala 

Muskegon,  Mich. 

Nashville,  Tenn 

New  Haven,  Conn 

New  York,  N.  Y. '..'..! 

•folk,  Va 

Oshkosh,  Wis 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Piuxburg,  Pa 

Portland,  Ore 

Rochester,  N.  Y 

Sagtnaw.  Mich 

8t  Louis.  Mo 

Seattle,  Wash . . 

Tacoma,  Wash 

Toledo,  Ohio .... 

Wllllaouport,  Pa 

\V  ilmington,  N.  C 

Lumber,  Planing-mil 
Products,  including 
sash,  doors,  and 
blinds. 

Akron.  Ohio.. 

Albany.  N.  T. 

aSftag  P» 

A 1  toons.  Pa. 


Tenn 


867368 


Chattanooga, 

Cincinnati,  Ohio  ... 
Cleveland,  Ohio.... 
Columbus,  Ohio . ... 


p 


81C.6M 


110,011 


515,000 


1.111.  1«HI 


MMM 


i.rj.\74« 

7.417.7i>: 


88MB] 
l,087,4» 

1387,155 

77.VJU-. 


LMtM 

M-..VJ: 
6,700348 


8TT,f81 


I.^T.ur 
800,191 


:i-s;;. 


COM  or 


. 
8M1I 


018,147 

tSm 

140,611 


b7,074 
.4:.^,y»v« 
48M« 

M48I 
100,111 
MMi 

Mjm 

7C..V.M. 


i.:i::«.:.r.7 
481,141 

'.•.-hv..w 
7.''?.'.'-':.' 

i3o03* 

4«l.fti- 


]*\-f 

688,741 


*fl9 


wjm 


•i  JO  ''  I 


m 

1.UK.1T- 


IMJ 


iSSS 


844.1ft 

• 


777.!. 

Sffi 


<:KS  IN  TUB  L'XITKD  8TATE& 


4  /  ULfllB         ft^B-I^A  A^^tf^^A*    BV 

j»     «n.  .       t  IM 


tffl 


MANTPAOTURLH    IN    Till:    fNlTKD    STATF.S. 


i.  T. 
P... 


i.   N     V 

Waahlaftoa.D.1 


Mineral  and  Soda  Wa- 


Brooklyn.N.  T. 


Mirrors. 


OUesffp, 
HewYo 


I1L  

ork,  N.  Y. 


New 

Monuments  and  Tomb- 
stones. 
Brooklyn.  N.  Y 


Orx-lnnatf.  Ohio 
Milwaukee,  Wla 
New  York,  N.  Y 
Philadelphia,  Pa 

j*t.Loui»,Mo 

WaahliMrton,  D.  C 

Mucilage  and  Paste. 
GkMeeater,  Maa* 

Musical      Instruments 
and  Materials   not 


Cblca^Ol] 

Philadelphia.  Pa 

Musical     Instruments, 

Organs  and  Mate- 


<     .:,.-•.:_-..    M..- 


oussfB.ni 


rork.N.Y 
Woreaater.  Maaa. 

Musical  Instruments, 
Pianos  and  Mate- 
rial., 
r.  N.  T 


Tort.  5    Y 


MUT1 


871,1  tl 


M4.1M 

l,75t>0i 


mm 


UAUN 


MUM 

210^70 
M&jMI 
NB.ni 

988,M1 


837,315 


MUM] 
B7.7T8 


910^78 

908.938 

K.1MJW 


799,781 
11 


MMU 


UI9.696 


I      !• 
B!  : 


1-JI.77.'. 
160,050 
906,479 


266,848 
164,602 

71.J.V.' 
718,995 


I  J4..V.-.' 


•.-.•«;  i  H 
LT7UM 


HflK 


167411 

840,995 


46,914 

124.-r.' 


HUM 

92,846 


908,670 
197,077 
974,558 
179,258 
175,888 


L4M* 

406,592 
U7BMOI 


\jm 

61,948 


i.ll.M- 


•SSB 


MMU 
I.TIUM 


608.978 
M8.IM 
666,801 
U8JM 
UTJM 


MUM 


2A097 
3M.M1 

888,675 


RUM 

4,954^60 


520,900 
218,950 
280,910 
888,480 
967,885 


856,417 


MUM 

858,512 


2,425.950 

460,860 

955 


MUM 

!.•.".»  I.  UN', 

8,947,948 
672^50 
M1JMI 
755,450 


HUM 


2.789,764 
1.048.966 


CITY   AND  8TATK. 


Philadelphia,  Pa... 

M.    i,.UI*.  Mo 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Oleomargarine. 

<•hlcaco.UI 

Goods. 


Optical  t 
Bosftem, 


NewYork.  N.'V 
Philadelphia,  Pa 
Oysters,  canning    and 

Baltimore,  M!.'... 
Painting     and    Paper 

Hanging. 
Baltimore,  Md..... 

r.itm. 


BriclK'«-|»irt.  four 

Brooklyn.  N.  Y. 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.... 


ibridm, 
Chicago,  III. . 

Onrliinatl.  Ohio 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Oovlngton,  Ky 

Kansas  City.  Mo. 

Louisville,  Ky 

Milwaukee,  Wla 

Minneapolis,  Minn. . . . 

Newark,  N.  J 

New  Haven.  Conn.... 

New  York,  N.  Y 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

PittBbuix.  Pa.   

PorlLiiid.Ore 

-  .  .:   I. 

H.H-h«".t.T,  NY    

8t.  Loula,Mo 

St.  Paul,  Minn 


.«ai>  Kr.inr.,,'0.  I'.il 
ihin^ton,  D. 


Yonkers,  N.  V 
Paints. 

Allegheny,  Pa  ... 
BaKtoore.  M«I.  . 

Boston,  Mana 

Brooklyn,  N    ^ 

<  'hirajro,  I   i 

Cleveland,  Ohio  . . 
Detroit,  Mi 

.I.T-.-V  r,ty.   N..F. 

Louisville.  Ky. . . . 
NVwark.  X.  .1  .  ... 
New  York.  N.  Y. 
Philadelphia.  Pa.. 
Plttsburif,  Pa.  . 

Reading.  Pa 

8tLouU,Mo  .... 
San  Francisco,  Cal 

Paper. 

Davton.  Ohio.   .. 


RolMk*,   M:i". 


Philadelphia,  Pa 

Troy,  N.  Y 

Paper  Goods  not  else- 
where specified. 

Brooklyn.  N.  Y 

Holyoke.  Maas. 

Springfield,  Mass  ... 

Paper  Hanfrmes. 
Brooklyn.  N 
New  York.  N.  T.... 
Philadelphia,  Pa 

Paper  Patterns. 

NewYork,  N.  Y.... 
Patent  Medicines  and 
Compounds. 

Atlanta,  Oa 

Baltimore,  Md 

lio*t/,n    MIRI 


570,400 

NMD 
MljBM 

mm 


nun 


1.  -.'«•  M«i  I 

MMM 


M4V1T1 

mjM 

BJ^lfl 

Me^M 
5Q5 


4.1  :«.:«!' 


440,986 

,.".t>.TM 

MtjMI 


L8W07I 
&JHBJM 

1/.17.119 


2.H.M4 

609.MI 


MMn 

UMtvtfl 


1,790,181 


-97,41.' 


975.79C 

l..»-J'J,974 


Oort  of 


^7,170 


80,148 


MUH 

168,774 


. 
B8,1M 


I7MM 


Hft^M 


W» 

I:'u7:. 

^7-.'.'J7(; 
•j.^.r.v.. 

;?i 


MUM 

198,791 
98*SM 


1.1-1.4^ 

CISUM 

U1J8t 

.M4.2!W 

17-.111 

98S.TT4 

|,489.9M 

";','>;•.'  !;• 

98,841 


:r,j.7.»r 
I.141J7 

'.VjV:,,';( 

1,109,1* 

nlpi 


167,678 

UOtTJIj 

918,198 

77.150 


i  i->-j: 


1,H64,aOI 

•^H 

'A7HMT 


I-PACTURR8  IX  TUB  UXITRI' 


r-.-.T-^- 

S    tSS        ITVLl 

"" 


IM 


MANUFACTURES  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


6,109,060 
140.218 
8,181.117 


11 -,,••:  14 

BM306 
MUM 


D 

Printing  and  Publish- 
ing, Music. 


721.886        140,840 

547,155 

487,958       194319 


Priatiag  and  Publish- 


901,078 
47'»VM 

817,106        167.144 
1^81,904 
291314 


13851 
1,451,661 
1,564,064 


11.246,940 
2.504i996 
1849,057 
1 

884,818 
441.819 
417345 


HT.M6 

191.042 
M3M 
114364 

248,997 


4-2  7.'.'  11 
1.2-.V-V.6 

A4S341 
1,524,664 

810.9S6 


984,044 
689,700 
1,448.182 
MijMl 


1,826391 
914310 
607,186 


27  vii  1 
49349 

n,iti 


661,788 

874.019 

LjMtVMI 


189361  ..7»-..»w, 
114,4  •:•  .V-J..V4 
61^44  880.178 


CITY  AND  STATE. 


6t  Louis.  Mo, 

M  Paul.  Minn  .... 
Bait  Lake,  Utah..  . 
BuFraoelaoo,Cal.. 


>,»ttl,..   \V:i.s|, 
^pru.k'tl.  1-1,  Ms 

Ohio 


Trenton,  N.  J 
Utica.N    ^ 


casn.Di 


Wllliamsport,  Pa... 

Wilmington.  IM 

ester,  Mass. 

Printing  Materials. 

Chicago.  Ill 

NawYork.  JL1 
Refrigerators. 

Boston,  Mass 

New  York.  N.  Y 

Philadelphia,  i'a. 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Regalia  and  Society 
Banners  and  Em- 
blems. 

Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

New  York,N.  Y 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Rice,  cleaning  and  pol- 
ishing. 

Charleston,  8.  C 

New  Orleans,  La, 

Savannah,  Ga 


Roofing    and    Roofing 
Materials. 

Baltimore,  Md 

Boston,  Maaa 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y. . 
Canton,  Ohio 

Will 

nnati,0hio 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Detroit.  Mich. 
Long  Island  City,  N.  Y. 

Louisville,  Ky 

New  York,  N.  Y 

Philadelphia.  Pa 

Bt.  Louis,  Mo 

Bt  Paul,  Minn.. 

Ban  Francisco,  Cal 

Rubber    and     Elastic 
Goods. 

Boston,  Mass 

Chelsea,  Mass  .. 

ri,.v,.].in.|.  Ohio 

New  York,  N.  Y  . 
Philadelphia.  Pa 
Providence,  B.  I 

Saddlery  and  Harness. 

Baltimore.  Md. 

Boston,  Mass.... 

Bridgeport.  Conn 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.. 
Buffalo  N 

Chlraco.  Ill 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Denver.  Col 

Detroit.  Mich.... 

H-.rtfr.rd.  C.,nn 


Kansas  City.  Mo... 
Knoxvllle.  Tenn... 
Louisville.  Kir.... 
Milwaukee.  Wls... 
Minneapolis.  Minn. 
Nashville,  Tenn  . . . 

Newark,  N.  J 

New  Orleans,  La. . 
NewYork,  N.  Y.. 


Cort  of 


35 


MMM 
ULjsn 
BUJM 


>n-,H<n 

8T&.100 

986,600 
MMM 

mijm 
uSfu 
mSR 

021,750 


448,425 

4.V2.I1M 


294,700 

.O-T^H, 

455,000 


HUM 
DBM18 


HO^TN 


844,H47 

•2.  17  7.90  1 


8,921,482 


1,478,185 


7  41.  !''.'T 

MIUOIB 

4"f..77M 
606,7M 


861,189 


•J42.T'.- 


!.:<!  1.67.'. 


819,618 

. 


lfis\lM 
66.W 

UHgNI 


118,898 

mjm 


•J..  4.7  11 

16SJM 

1,110,918 


I48JN 


27^00 

H.u:,r,7.vi 

SMN 

IMJg 

Bte,TBl 
I8SJM8 
BMyHM 

1.1M.4M 


L8SU 

6CU 

1  '..7,41 


ITMli 

l.v.M.427 

664,M 

218,181 


IBLMI 
184,81] 
(M^OI 
148,194 

6763M 


MUfl 

121.267 
126,016 

B7I,7«0 
865,061 


MAMTA«  TUCKs    IS     II!!.    !    Sill.:- 


MANUFACTURES  IN  TIN-:  i  MTKI>  STATKS. 


cmr  AXD  STAT*. 


s  >.  r«k,  KT...., 

Suncils  and  Brands. 
•M  ME,  v  v 


N     Y 


N>w*Y^k.  N 
PkUad^pUa,  Pa. 

Sugar  and  Molaases,  i 


v  v. 


Surgical  Appliance*. 
N«w  York.  1IVY 

Philadelphia,  P. 


RUM 


25 

.'..7.!!.- 


U867,060 
8,207,666 


MUM 

J.7  «J.1" 4 


MUM 

4.1:-'.,;. 


M6.787 
MM81 


Vfl 

(BM71 


66MM 
I76,7tl 


188,094 


14.H17.012 


10,695,488 

sss 


M4M 

161,600 


US00411 
8S4.878 
187,608 


MUM 


1,116.447 
869.187 

MBS 


811^608 


CITY  AND  STATE. 


HUM 


ITa^M 

867,000 
748,100 
MUM 


1,427^12 


146,706 
800,860 


MUM 

6.247887 


1,6S8,966 

819.6« 

&MUJM 


MH.1M 
146,167 

MBLlt! 


II9JM 

'•,r.M.i77 
87^760 


618^27 
MMJM1 

I4L8H 


HUM 
570406 

819,666 
700,410 


MIUMI 


Ky. 


fciilH 

.  N    Y        ... 


New  V 

Va 
Pa 


•uls,^  ' 
Tobacco,    Cigars     and 
Cigarettes. 

Alkfoeny,  Pa 

BaWnovK  M.I 

BlnKhamton,N.Y.. 


Davenport  Iowa. 

Denver,  Col 

lMn.lt.  Mi.-h 

.llMli:ir.JI|M,ll»,    |||,1 

.l.-r».-v  i  itx.  N   .1 

Kingston,  N.  V 
Lancaster,  Pa  . 

lx.uis.vili.-.  Ky 

Milwaukee,  Wls 

Minneapolis  Minn 

Newark,  N.  J 

New  Haven,  Conn 

New  Orleans,  La. 

N.-w  York.  X.  V 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

IMttshury.  Pa 


Rochester,  N.  Y 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 

St.  Paul. 

Ban  Francisco,  Cal...  . 

Springfield,  Mass 

8vracu»e,N.  Y 

Wheeling,  W.  Va 

York,  1'a 


Tobacco  Stemming  and 

Rehandlmg. 
Lancaster,  Pa. 

IxMliKVlll...    KV 

Hichmond,  Va. . . 
Tools    not     elsewhere 

specified. 
BrMfreport,  Tonn  . . . 
md.  Ohio 

Philadelphia.  Pa... 
8t  I, 


Toys  and  Games. 
Brooklyn.  X 
New  YortN.  Y... 
Philadelphia,  Pa.... 

Trunks  and  Valises. 

Boston.  Msss 

OUesf*,  in 


t,  Mirh 
I»uis 


M.lw-v.k.-.   \Vi«    .. 
Newark,  N.  J 


New. York.  N.  Y. 

Philadelphia,  Pa... 

-  '      (yOllffl,  Mo 

BanFraodsco,Oal. 
Type  Founding. 

Baltimore  Md 

Boctnn,  Mass 

rhlosiro.  111.     

iw  ^ 


N..W 

Philadelphia.  Pa 


1786,05 


MUtl 
L827.9J 

Sa 


684,410 


•J4.',1M 

68*441 


l.m.VH 


2.H7.976 

•MM 

771.502 


809,627 


88^,795 
BMJM 

mjn 

Ljeuti 


ITRyM 

417,896 
VMyDM 


MUM 
MMN 
MMtf 
ITifn 

H8.TM 


BBIVB9I 
445.IH 

816,995 

MUM 


646JM6 


C...t  ,,f 


•- 

mjB 

767,'m     l^H 


'""'.'.  7'.''' 


348J64 


l^.MJI 

'\T.C^:, 
17r,7'.': 

ua£9 


1.  117,1  .vj 


68,086 

:.7'.u-,o.' 


489,141 

78,198 


!•;.-..,  ].  7:'.:*:, 

264871  M-^7 

196.611  :•"!.!•'" 

IT9.TM  :'-•-."••" 


44X.W 

»';i.-.'4o 
44UM 


.'-7.M2 
879,118 


H  K  UNITED  STATER 


158 


MANUFACTURES  IN   Till-:  TNITKI)  STATES. 


OTT  A*D 


H*wYork,N.  Y 

NodWk,V. 

OAkkuid.C.1 


m 


5,650.688 
2,8*.  009 
9,700,487 
866,754 
18,789,648 
8:988,178 
8,784,189 
M88.714 
8,710.701 
-58,198 


8,406,011 
4,714,882 
8.867:142 
6.^1085 


8,498,761 
1349.858 


19.4H.98I 
7381916 


664,115 


HJIUH 


101 


. 

1..KS.771 
1,886,769 

864,589 


806,408 

I6M7S 

8,018^78 


8385,722 


UU8J50 

:..s-.'y.7M 

-S.7-7."!! 


4.77'...-! 
4,018,911 

•-'77.7n7 


1,015,288 
4,448494 

868^188 
8,857,169 
1,844>75 
1,628,882 
8,OS5>40 
1,888,117 

806,058 
1,466.818 
8^07,789 

871,110 

M87.8D0 

88^74,188 

588,159 
8,858,686 


M89JBD 


7.117X.- 
5,698.698 
8,821,088 


1.682,606 
6,710,064 


4J75,187 
1.801884 
8396,196 
1,189,17? 

...7'.M.'.'H 

12.887.068 

8.78^461 

1489,78^ 


666,617 


M44.J1H 

1399306 


8,090810 
IWIJU* 
9,686,516 


4 1  :i. :,;-.' 
8386,674 


1357345 
8360341 

Moija 


8,015,480 


0,878,815 


16.864,676 
1318344 
M-7.HU 
5,6tt,118 
8378,6W 


8£ftT,090 
548,777 


5,788,704 
1,678,180 

7,816,021 
8,495,051 


9,209.470 
8,880028 

338 


8307,858 

2'.'.:-i.7y<> 
LifMM 


2,488,818 

48,092,018 

1.8583&8 

18369361 


8,651,181 


LMTJ06 


949.840 
9,887.981 
1^44,487 
8,968^991 

751^18 


CITY  AND  8TATC. 


BtouCltjr,  Iowa. 

-,,,,nrv.  I!',.. 


i 


Taiintoo. 
Terr«!iAQte,lD<l. 


T..|M.ka.  Kan 

Trriit..n.  N..F..    . 
Troy,  N.  Y 

i :...;.  N  ^ 

\Vaj.|im»rion,  I>.  T. 

Wnt.-rl.urv.  «  nut.. 

Wbeettng,  W.  VA.  . 
WlSltArkftr 

PA.  . . 

Wilmington.  N.  G! 
Woootockel  i:    I 


TT  vruwwor«  OH 

Yonken,  N.  Y 
York,  PA.. 

Younjf»lown.  n 
ZAne«Tillfl,  Ohio 


' 

:;.»v.'.7M-, 
1.71-...'..:,. 
MTB^M 
7.4'.'  i.  m« 

NUB 

8,008,600 
M1A>97 

8,086,418 


4.ly4.4'«4 


4,468,816 


. 

1388,157 
8.847,590 
B,174,4W 


5,786,778 

i&Si 


1^68306 

I.471/JI4 


siimniarj.— This statenn nt  i-  int. 
hibit  briefly,  for  rapid  n  f«  r. m  ,-,  th 
proiiiiin-iit  'in  tin-  nuittcr  of  mpital  investel^H 
goods  manufactured  at  tin-  taking  < if 
•  •••n-iis,  in  1890,  under  s<>mr  <>f  tlu*  most  ^^^1 
taut  headings.     Attention  is  dir«<  t 
planatory  remarks   at  the    beginm 
article. 

Agricultural  Implements. — In  IS'- 
Springfield,  <»hi...  Auburn.   N.  Y..  Akron, 
and  Kacinr,  Wis..  were,  in  tin-  : 
much  in  advance  of  the  18  other 
under  this  heading.     In   value  of  j 
goods  manufactured,  it  will  l>rn«ti  d  • 
Springfield,  atul  Auburn  take  lead.: 
lowed  by  South  I'»en<l.  Akmn.and  < 
Twelve  cities  have  more  than  $1,000.000 
ed,  and  the  product  in  10  cities  exceed 
amount. 

Boots  and  Shoes :  Factory  Prodwt.— ^^H 
ital  in  1890,  Lynn,  Ma- 
adelphin.  Pa.,  and  St.  Lmii-.  Mo.,  i 
In  value  of  goods  manufactured,  the  i 
nortant  cities  were  Lynn,  llaverh 
Philadelphia,    and    Cincinnati.      « 
mentioned,  13  have  a  capital  exceeding  ^^1 
000,  and  in  20  cities  the  value  of  \ 
ceeds  that  amount. 

Carriages  and  Wagons. — T  h  • 
in  capiUI  in  vested  were  South   !',« n 
cinnati,  Chicago,  New  V«.rk.  and  St.  1 
largest  amounts  under  value  of  p 
manufactured  were  shown  for  Ciru  in 
'-.  w  Y'-rk.St.  L.,ui<.  and  Colun. 
cities  given,  the  capital  in  16  is  beyond  fl.C 
000,  and  in  15  cities  the  value  of  | 
ceeds  that  amount. 

Clothing,  IfcnV-New  Y-.rk.  Chi. .. 
Cincinnati,  and  Baltimore  were  mill 
of  other  cities  in  the  amount 
under  this  heading,  the  same  < -r 
in  value  of  products.   Thirt y-on«-  fi: 

:.  and  of  these  the  capital  invested  t 
B  (1890)  exceeds  $1,000,000.    In  value  o 


M.\  TUB  17.  a 


MAKVLAXD. 


let  report  amount*  aggregating 
that  cum. 

rk  to  reported  a* 
'  »r  th«  large*  amount  of  capital  m- 

-|.|rl,,hU.    CinrinnaU, 

Kranciaou     The  flr*t   4   named  are 

| 

r  ,-it,.-,     ISM,    ||    BMW     lhaS    *!  -------- 

'tat  exceed*  that 


iaV-Pall  River.  Mem.  ii  the 

•  apital  inveeted. 

Hniag  neareat  being  Lowell,  Mam., 
i,  Jlaeji.  Mancheater.  N.   II..  an«l 

>«•:  Fall   Kiv.r.   Ix»wrll.  Philadel- 
»     licdford. 


inneanolfe  8t  Ixwk, 
.u  Ohio,  and  Milwaukee,  Wta, 
lra«l   in  capital  invested.    MinncapolU. 
M«ago.  and  Kocbeeter, 
rank  in  the  order  oajned  M  to  valur 


f  the  48  eitiea  given  uml 

Ihr    rapitn!     in     '-'  -    :  -    WOT     ".,'. 

I.  a; 

•baa*  nnl 


In     u  it  J    •.     u 

CnJeajro,  Ne«  -kirn,  and  8t 

The  ranking  in  value  of  products  for  the 

ladrl. 
York.  Brooklyn,  and  St  JLoute.    The 

«.  the  amount  of  rat.ital  in  61  dtfej 
or  good*  manufaotartd  eioetds  that 


-t'ur.;.  « |j|  am   «".-  M 


nt. 


la.. 


HHkk^hoM  UM  hlgheet  rank  in  amount  of  capital 

"ut    of   19 
kitlea  givrti.  the  capital  invmtcd  ami  value  of 

tie*    in    capital 
hnneied  under  thin  heading  are   MilwmaW 

,-t  in  rank  in  valur 
Uf  mlucu  arr  Milwaukee,  Chkwffo,  Cincinnati. 

Ibt  havr  more  than  $1.000jOOO 
kapital  :.:.,-  ,i,-l.  an.l  in  13  citi«  the  value  of 
IprodarU  eicmU  that  amount. 

••ora,  JVo//.-ln  amount  of  capital  in  feat- 

manufacture  ,.f  malt  liqoom  New 

••Id«flr*t   pla.-.  rank 

thu«:  N 

latiriphia.    Thare  are  54  ciliea 
tioaed.    Of  UMaBTthe  capital  inverted  in  99 
Nore  than  >  roduota  in 

pi  eitka  eier»d«  that  amount. 

1    tort 


.  Mirh.    la 


oua.    Thm v.nicie  ettlaj  are  afew*.  aadTul 
t«4al  r.'  ha«l  ( lM00)more  'Mn  fljOOOjOOO  ojaiiaJ 

'  '.         '  \       '  '  '  '• 

fKnrinjrtnrf  f^ltfaM 

oago  arv  far  a 

:       •         -.        ... 
.    >. 

IWlow:  V.  Y^Cnkafo,  PhOadelpa,. 

cm  nail.  MM!  \\  a. 
riff*     ..,|,r    "..- 

in%«l«|   an.l   %.lur  ,.f 

••.,•   *: 

O/Arr   M*4rtf.        The 

C^olCteS&a?! 

Atll-'lij;    thf    !!;•-»'.    H(. 

I.UI  ..II   ...rth,  ..f 

..odfiKlfc..^.!.^. 

.  •  *  *  .  • 


form.    State  rtatleUc*  < 
in  many  faiitejiiaa,  be  found  i 
leachyear'tMmeofthe 
lia."    The  agurea  givea  in 
rt  Federal  etalfctia*** 
until  the  taking  of  the  twelfUlcMMM.  * 
MARYLAND,  a  Middle  AtlaaUe  tti 
of  the  original  thirteen  raltted  the 
lion  April^lTW;  area.  IMIO 


S17.7K  ia  ITto    S41JMR  la  iw . 
in  L>  in   I«SO  .    447  •>»  ta 

in  I860:  7NM»4  in  1870;  W4JHI  •  1*9.  e*4 


oflfeere  during    UM  year: 

|1  fX     -—          - _.    .       O     mmm»  mm-m       _/ 

orown,   i«MDorrat .  o^Rwawy  ov 

Comptrollrr.   MarMi   de    Kalb 


men-    meat*  e>vte  UM  Mvtio*  taotJ  year  bjr  tl 

r^  ^^aS^trZ^ 


of  the 


lUea  in  the  matter  of  capital  were  Mil 

kejot,  Mkh^VilliamH^rt.  Pa.; 


18M  waa  f«JNa\ML     TW  rinlaU  d 
la«a^yearo»acra»t<*tl»eBia* 


460 


MARYLAND. 


•7M0016&.    The  disbursement*  fr..m  this  fund 
foV'th*  same  prrind   amounted  to  $77 
leaving  a  ImlaocTsept.  80, 18W,  of  $2.«io. 
The  receipt*  on  Mr.  several  sinking 

lie  fiscal  year  were  as  follow : 
meral  fund.  $34.816.70;  for  defence  rcdemp- 
&OQ  loan,  $846.800.17:  f-  r  the  exchange  loan, 
1860,  $6,61  '»gc  loan.  1886, 

flM.il'. .  total.  $887,178JB. 

•xl  debt  of  the  State  at  the  close  of 
tb.  Ibral  year  1896  wa.   $8,6844*6^4.     The 
productive  MM*  and  th.    investments  to  the 
of  the  sinking  funds  aggregate  $*,679,- 
788,11.    No  allowance  is  here  made   f<>r  the 
•s  overdue  from  incorporated  in>t  it  ut  ion-. 
oollectom  of  taxes  and  other  accounting  officers, 
.,;>!  -    :•;•.•.  D  •   ht   the  dilT.-n-nrr 
between  |*r  value  and  market  value  of  the  as- 
sets.   If  these  were  treated  at  the  market  value. 
the  net  debt  of  the  State  would  be  practically 

Taxation  and  Valuation.— The  assessment 
of  real  and  personal  property  for  the  fiscal  year 
1806  was  $584,900,476,  being  greater  by  $5,792,- 
898  than  that  of  1894 

The  levy  for  State  taxes  for  1895  on  real  and 
personal  property,  at  17|  cents  on  each  $100, 
amounted  to  $949.501.59.  From  collectors  was 
received  during  the  fiscal  year  $908,411.18,  an 
increase  of  $33,252.29  over  the  receipts  of  1894. 
•ii  railroads  and  other  corporations  was  re- 
ceived, as  a  tax  on  gross  receipts  during  the 
year,  $181,788.71,  being  $4,471.59  less  than  was 
received  in  1894.  From  the  tax  on  the  capital 
stock  of  incorporated  institutions  the  receipts 
were  $77,495.80,  a  decrease  of  $8,720.58.  For 
licenses  and  from  tax  on  premiums  paid  to  in- 
surance companies  $124,401.48  was  collected, 
an  increase  of  $3,398.58  over  receipts  from  the 
same  source  during  1 -'•'».  Kegisters  of  wills 
paid  in  $141,599.82,  $28,875.84  more  than  the 
preceding  year,  and  clerks  of  court  $896,100.83. 

The  levy  for  public  schools,  at  10$  cents  on 
each  $100,  amounted  to  $561,677;  the  receipts 
from  all  sources  during  1895  were  $608,629.- 
>o  balance  from  1894,  was  $264,826.71 ;  the 
total  disbursements  during  the  fiscal  year  1895 
were  $601,088.04,  leaving  a  balance  of  public- 
school  money  applicable  to  school  year  begin- 
ning Oct.  1,  1895,  of  $272,368.41,  on  which  date 
$102,625  was  distributed  to  white  schools  and 
$25.000  to  colored  schools. 

Under  the  provisions  of  the  oyster  act  of  1894 
the  revenue  of  the  oyster  fund  has  increased, 
while  there  has  been  a  decrease  in  expenditures. 
The  receipts  for  1895  were  $64,994.09,  being 
greater  than  the  receipts  for  the  previous  year 
by  $20345.40.  The  disbursements  for  the  same 
were  $61,410.42,  leaving  a  balance  for 
of  $8,588.67.  Included  in  these  disbiirsc- 
is  $4.308.99  balance  due  on  1894  and 
..'•_•  sl'M.-.T.'JT.  M  that  the 
actual  ohfeWEMfnent  on  acrount  of  maintenance 
of  the  oyster  police  fishery  force  for  the  fiscal 
year  was  $50.053.15,  and  the  revenue  above  this 
amount  $14.040.94. 

K4nratioB.-In  the  year  ended  July  31, 1895, 
the  number  of  persons  in  the  counties  of  Mary- 
land between  the  ages  of  five  and  twenty  years 
waa  280376;  in  Baltimore  « ,ty,  140.016.  The 
colored  school  population  in  the  counties  num- 


bered   62,091:    in    Baltimore.   20..V.M.     ] 
support    of   the  schools   the   conn 
from  the  Slat.-  * 4 4 1.587.95,  and  from  lo  . 
tii.n  $.V{7.  iltimor.'   received   fn 

!  I.  ami  from  lo«-a|  In 
658.41).     'I'M.-  total  of  disbursement 
in  th.-  rounti.-s  was  $1,263,487.71  :  •• 
1.91. 

stair   [Mutations.— Undo 

Legislature  $75,000  was  appropi 
purchase  of  a  site  and  buildings  for  a 
ho>pital  for  the  insane,  and  $25,000  as  a  J| 
tenanre  fund.     In  September  $50." 
for  530  acres  in  Carroll  ('..nm  . 
on  which  are   the   historic  I1 
and  oth.T  buildings,  no\v  in  process  ..f   ; 
tion  for  patient*.    A  resident  ph\ 
leeted  whose  salary  was  fixed  at  $2,500. 

•he  Maryland  I'.lind  AM  him   a    n.-w  buii 

:iur   and   '•'> 

I  this  year.     In  this  institutio: 
of  the  fiscal  year  there  were  23  pupil  s. 

For  its  hospitals,  asylums,  and  n-f«>n- 
the   State   paid  out.  during  1895  more^^H 
quarter  of  a  million  dollars. 

savings  Banks.— An  act  ..f  i*«i.l  provi.] 
in  October,  1895,  and  every  second  year 
after,  there  shall  be  sent  to  the  OM 
the  treasurer  of  every  savings  instituti* 
State,  a  sworn  statement  giving  the   : 
every  depositor  not  known  to  said 
be  living,  who  has  not  added  to  or  decre 
deposit  during  the  preceding  twenty  yea- 
the    amount    Manilin.u'    to    his    credit 
banks  in  the  city  of   Baltimore  th 
plied  with  this  provision.     The   numl.. 
positors  in  the  savings  banks  dm; 
148,342,  who  had  to  their  credit  $4 

Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal.- 1 
acts  passed  at  the  session  of  1894,  mak 
vision  for  payment  of  certain  oblipr 
this  canal,  the  Governor  withheld  his  sigS^H 
with  the  desire  to  have  all  part i«  u!, 
debtedness  determined.      Without 
obligations  are  found  to  amount  t< 
Within  the  year  the   Board  of   PuMi 
offered  for  sale  the  State's  intenM  jn  th 
and  the   two   hids   submitted,  the 
of  $526,000  with   certain   conditions.   . 
jected.  and  other  bids  were  invite': 
tion  affecting  the  State's  intent   had  : 
determined  in  Decemb>er,  the  board  theni^^l 
resolutions  that  any  bids  that  mi^ht  t) 
be  tendered  to  the  board  be  r, -turned  t< 
ders  unopened,  and  advising  that   the  ; 
be  sold  at  auct imi  to  the  highest  bidder. 

Mineral  Production.— The  R 
and    Mining,  of  the  (o-.-ln^ieal   Sin 
ports  of  1895  states  that  for  l^'.il   n 
put  was  3,501,428  short  tons,  valu« 

:  the  value  of  the  marble  output  \\ 
000;   r,f  the  limestone,  $6?'~) 
was  worth  $808,966:  and  the 

Industrial    stati^tio.      i 
report  of  the  Bureau   of  I  mi 
states  that  in  the  sweat  si 
ini:  1894  wages  were  reduced  50  j 
:.en-ation   for  female  labor  was  bt 
ation    fiifii res;  while  in    none  of  t! 
did  the  employees   make  more  than  half 
As  to  the  value  of  personal  estates,  the  followi 


>Ul.|-..t,lrM,,.,,     .f 

•.  AM.  I.    TW 

•bnlZ 


direction    cold,  oil  vor  Vft4  pactc.  all  of  OMB!  OOMML  ood  to 

Ma*  Maryland  80*0*7.  Boo*  of  AmorioMi  Hov-    bo  oiemnd'by  theOn  tomato!;  jiibfil  toot 

United  State*  8oo*ftof»  ofeomid  bo  ofaotod  by  4* 
-The  Maryland  and  Co-     rort 
Railway  CootDonr  tab  vomr  b» 


-hiiurton.  87  mil«L     It  will  I*  Uid     n.i«l 
^bUtrMEioraft-poaiid-T-rmiKiUod.    iroJIrr; 

•noMB,  Mid  too  dorigD  U  that        Tb» 


W.  Krmnk     octe. 


railway*.    Tbo  aathor- 
<!  it 


••*    Hi 


thor-    A  ITipiliHoii Hetofyto  tCatoto  voatdtoMto 


^att^oQtlMtrioloooooUr^wyohluwSlM  m&oii  of  Mbtfo  IOJM  tor  to*  «MoAof^l» 

•  tariftht  trafllc  throoffh  UM  holt-lino  tunnel  at  fin !•••••(.  •iiiiilihll  to  ho>  ««ool  «-»^»  to 

^•tyotn    Ochor  •Oftooi  of  tho  MUM  ty»  will  r»al  or  Mwoaoi  iiniporly;  otfod  tW  OMaotf 

Hhttohottl  fortboJioytto»ofo>  iiaiiim  il  of  tW  gtoto 

^mdar  about  loo  trmu,.,  weifhinir  from  500  Oiojlilo<hio.i»»HaiByil^Mto< tW  iito  toioM 

>WJJwSn.  ,ML  rtof  QMooolyof  o»*»  a>d  CD^U^;  ;     iili  i 

mhrrwa»lo  thai  a  ff^  a».l  fair  »i|  r   •<  •  of  tbo  pooo»  wtf 

'ioTrmor.  Coaplfoller.  and  ol  UM  I»U«  AooM  bo  ando  fMMr.«a4  ooo> 

^tomey -4ir»rrmi.  and  nutoboii  of  UM  Lofhv  tml  ofUio  11  nfchirj  of  tbok  ioioll.!  W  i^- 

TW  flQMBatoiiu   fltoto  ConrontkMi    OMA    in 


*nd  framed  a  plotfono  which    Mid   nut I   wHb  MMMtol  in  loin,  to  UM 

ii«t  itiil  riimliilni               •  .     llkAl     iW.    ^M«^wten««    •«•••«    «f    lk^> 

••••MWII OQOMQOBQO  in  V0O  WMflOM^  CWBilPB  (    UBM    VVP   •••WvMMVj     J«»WVT»    o*     1W 

MfMlom  A-    :  ft.ir'.it^   of  I ':>:•'  i.                 '...., 

v  unff  U«.  nn.l  ^  :  mad*  oibvtiw  oad  MI  tOom.  oo4  Ibot  IW 

ATO  i  U-               •hiloaot  r%h*  to  nhto»  ooj  UM    «Mal  boitot  Aooidbo 

fttaininj  all  that  Iho  odTancrd  a«K<wt«o  of  mojuj  to  tho  ojotolMOB  of  M^dfMBdoojt  oltfojoj^ 

'  f»  hoped  wooJd  ho  tommi.  givm  o*.  ^w»U  OB  to  UMto  of  UM  raptor  Hfty  otyHom- 

^nhek»s  the  b»rt  tariff  which  thi  wmntry  UOMI  ;  1 1  •  II  I  i  to  toOOJO  oooh  o^^»o»to  of 


MASSAi  IITSKTTS. 


the  school  laws  as  should  exclude  politics  from 
school  management  and  secure  free  schoolbooks 
pupils,  and  to  submit  to  popular  vote  the 
question  whether  appointments  to  the  i>«li«>. 
fire,  and  all  other  departments  of  public  service 
should  be  in  accordance  with  the  principles  of 
the  merit  system :  and  condemned  the  partisan 
management  of  the  oyster  police  force,  and  de- 
nounced every  effort  to  deprive  the  people  of 
th.-ir  independent  righto  to  the  public  oyster 
beds  and  the  leasing  and  selling  of  them.  I  .;••>•  1 
Lowndes  was  nominated  for  «...\.  rn  T :  Robert 
P.  Graham,  for  Comptroller:  ami  Harry  M.  Cla- 
bough.  for  ral. 

At  theelertion  in  November  tin-  KepuMiean 
was  successful,  the  vote  cast  being  as 
follows:  Lloyd  Lowndes,  Republican,  124,986; 
John  rat,  106,169;  Joshua 

Levering,  Prohibitionist,  7.TIH:  and  for  Henry 
Irews, candidate  of  the  Populist  and  Labor 
parties,  1,381.  The  Gov. -m.-r's  plurality  was  18,- 
<67.  The  Republican  candidates  for  Comptroller 
and  AUorney-Oeneral  also  were  elected.  The 
composition  of  the  Legislature  of  1896  is:  In 
the  Senate.  12  Republicans  and  14  Democrats ; 
in  the  House,  70  Republicans  and  Jl  Demo- 
crats. 

MASSACHUSETTS,  a  New  England  State, 
one  of  the  original  thirteen  ;  ratified  the  Consti- 
tution Feb.  6, 1788;  area,  8£15  square  miles.  The 
population,  according  to  each  decennial  census, 
was  878,787  in  1790;  422,845  in  1800;  472,040 
in  1810;  523.1  •»!»  in  1H20;  610,408  in  1830;  737,- 
609  in  1840;  994,514  in  1850;  1.231,066  in  1860 : 
1.457,351  in  1870;  1,783,065  in  1880;  and  2,288,- 
:• »::  in  1890.  By  the  State  census  of  1895  it  was 
1,500481,  Capital.  Ilo>t,,n. 

Government—  The  following  were  the  State 
officers  during  the  year:  Governor,  Frederick  T. 
Greenhalge ;  Lieutenant  Governor,  Roger  Wol- 
cott;  Secretary  ..f  State.  William  M.  Olin ; 
Treasurer,  Henry  M.  Phillips  till  April,  when  he 
resigned  and  was  succeeded  by  Edward  P.  Shaw ; 
Auditor,  John  W.  Kimball;  Attorney-General, 
Hosea  M.  Knowlton  ;  Adjutant  General,  Samuel 
Da  It  on,  all  KepuMiean- :  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court.  Wai  bridge  A.  Field;  Associate 
Justices,  Charles  Allen,  Oliver  W.  Holmes, 
Marcus  P.  Knowlton,  Jam«  ~  M.  Morton,  John 
Lathrop,  and  James  M.  Barker. 

State  Census,— This  was  taken  during  the 
year,  giving  a  total  of  2,500,183  for  the  population 
of  the  State  and  560,802  for  the  number  of  legal 
voters.  By  counties  the  population  was  as  fol- 
lows: Barnstable.  27,654;  Berkshire,  86,292; 
Bristol,  219.019;  Dukes,  4,238;  Essex,  830,893; 
Franklin,  40,145;  Hampden,  152,938;  Hamp- 
shire, 54.710;  Middlesex.  499,217:  Nant 

Norfolk.    184,819:    Plymouth,    101,498; 
•*.  539,799 ;  Worcester,  306,445.    The  pop- 
tUalion  of  Boston  is  496,920 ;  Worcester,  98,767 ; 
Fall  River.  80,203;  Lowell,  84,867 :  Cambridge, 
8l£tt;   Lynn,  62354;  New  Bedford,  55,251; 
Somerville.  52.200;  Lawrence,  52.164:   Sprintr- 
51,522;  Holyoke,  40,322;  Sal- 

i1WJ  Chebea,  31,264;   Hav, -rhill. 
den,   20,708;    (tloucest^-r.    -vJii: 
Newton,  87,590;  Taunton,  27,115;  Fitchburg, 

Valuations,— The  total  valuation  of  assessed 
estate,  May  1,  1895,  was  $2,542,348,993,  the  real 


estate  being  valued  at  $1,90-1. 
personal  property  at  $577,514,887.    <  'f  ' 
estate,  the  value  of  land,  excluding'  I- . 
was  $978,660388.    Of  the  ,- 
855,674  was  resident  bank  sto.  , 

:  •.'.".'  -.Ml.  ,,f    \\liMin  4;,-.. 

886  were  for  poll  tax  only.    Th.-  nun 
residents  assessed  was  81, 058.    Th.  t 
•  •oiinty.  and  city  or  town  purpose 

..  i      ,   •  ••  ;     S::MM.I;<I:I.      The   immlM-r  , 

dwellings  was  404,888;   of  h 

i'>:  of  sheep,  89,848,  of  su 
of  neat  cattle  other  than  cows,  86,H] 
536,244.    The  number  of  residents 
property  in  Boston  was  47,566 :  <>f  n 
l.T"  1 1  :   the  number  assessed  for  i 
was  124,207.    The  value  of  assessed  real  <«t«t 
in   Boston  was  $744,751,050;   and  ..f   ; 
Bttate,  x-j(M;,(iir,.s7s. 

Charities.— The   total    numi.,-r   ..f 
under  Miprrvi.-ion  of  the  - 
and    Charity   wa< :     In    hospitals    HI 
5,763;    in    town    almshouses,  803:    in 
families,  20*2.    The  total  receipts  at  ih.-' 
hospitals  were  $811,503.47;    the    ,  • 
$819,217.95.    The  weekly  cost      f 
$3.29.   There  were  327  re< 
The  asylum  at  Medfield  is  nearly  tin 

The  State  Primary  School, 
closed  July  1.     It  has  been  maintained 
nine  years  as  a  place  of  maint.  nan-  . 
tion  for  boys  and  ^'irls  who  mii-i  oi  i 
been  in  the  alrashouse,  during  wlii.-h  tin 
received  over  6,000  inmates.    The  | 
ing  pupils  out  was  adopted   in    part  in  1 - 
extended  from  time  to  time.    Tin 
inmates  at  the  time  of  closing,  most  •  ' 
juvenile  offenders.    The  current  exp« •; 
school  during  its  last    nine   month 
012.92,  giving  a  per  capita  cost  of  $7.( 
rate  being  due  to  the  sudden  changes 
in  reference  to  carrying  on  the  school. 

The  Lvman  School,  at  Wes! 
forming  ooy  offenders  is  in  it*  for! 
The  aggregate  number  in  the  sch< 
year  was  436,  and  the  average  was  'J 
the  264  boys  in  the  school  at  the  do 
there  were  635  others  who  had  !•  I 
either  on  probation  or  by  trai 
stitutions.     The  total  appropriation  was  ( 
H'.O.      The  .-xpenditunv*   from    <  tet    1.    Is 
30,  1895,  were  $57,237.58;  the  gr. 
capita  was  $446. 

In  the  State  Industrial  S<t,o,,l  foi 
Lancaster,  there  were  :',»;?   in    nusl 
school  and  out  on  prol.ation  at 
the  year.    During  the  year  0"» 
placed  out  were  recalled  and  72  •••• 
the  average  number  at  the  school  wn 
cost  of  the  school  from  Sept.  30,  is: 
80,  1895,  was  $28,801,  &  per  en, 
new  house  was  opened    in  June,  and   tl 
are  now  divided  into  r>  fan 

At  the  State  Hospital  for  l> 
Inebriates,  at  Fox  borough.  1 1 
mates  at  the  beginning  of  i 
and  129  remain  r 

appropriation  was  $20.000;  the  wh< 
$52,838.64.    This  institution 
unsatisfactory  condition.     Pali- 
escape  in  large  numbers. 


MABBACDUgnTK. 


The  School  for  the  Feeble-minded,  at   Wai 
than,  »aii  4:M  u»iimii-»  at  it..   .  i..l  .  f  •:..    \.Ar 

- 

The  MtoMoo*  «n»  f  t  he  application*, 


!.  -•     •      It,.*?,  r  I.  fen    at.   a-;.;:.  M     Of  •     Ptfkl 


trial  in  the  Superior  Out" 

Tbr  number  admitlM  t«.  t  hi- '•   ' 


vear  coding  Sap*.  SO,  I8M,  at  which  iwotetfaaw  were     *r  "     j       'i 
rieon  raoafred  ITS  prfaonem  at  ,ft  aaYeZ 

aimrfad  141.  fea?taf  TOO,  UM  Ufhaat  n.  '  ••    •    •»*•*  prJaa  tfft     i          iMavi 

14  more  than  at  the  rnd  of  the  commanding;  taJ^|Httt  ttfJataWtlreft  ill  £T 

CT!?*7*[  .^^u<rff3??rtw?,f1?''  ^^^Ed^-d^***-* 

-  t>riaonen  yielded  A        U«o4  Koa4%.-The  S*a- 

f  •!84oUa\  making  the  aioo   had  nnMtnMHil   »  »iW   of    i^i^wi 


.«  Statr  of  $38^0Ma\  making  the    aioo   had  MMlnMtod  *  mST* 

roMb  before  the  end  of  the  pa*.    TW  pea* 

H»  Refbrmatonr  I'n*>n  f..r  W,,m.-n  n-^n^l     t..  j,,,,i  U,.   .rntrr*  •  f  ?ra.ir   .-  s   .    ?  •  ,.  •    , 
S4  |  uee  of  thr  rrar  thrre    throogh  ro«|a  to  adH«t«f  «UI-  I 

more  than  in  thepraotd-    theee  highwapi    TWyVtlTb.  of  ,* 

«ide,a«;«li.vhllete 
espeMliura  vera  958.480,  and  the  net  coet  of    wit  led  diMrirU  they  may  b.  not  i 


,  the  labor  hating  amounted  feet,  » 

KtrlkrK--H.»rrhill  mm  the 

Tl^*»   tw»4    t^^af    tr*m   *mn\i    f**l***mmm  ^m^   aiefifiej  ••^«*«WLA  •Waw.«*^^^«A*ft    »^—     »MA»    «^     ^^Mkn^.^« 

» i^  i^w  K«»»  lor  racn  nn*onrr  «••  ^i9T.rw.  • 

f..rtti«t..r\    HIA  prb-  agreemenu  M  to  VMM  to  the  •!*.» 

oorn  vtre  rrcrircd.  and  the  number  remaining  TV*re  VM  a  urike  at  Wahhejn  to  Aaa^  av 

at  the  rl«Mr  of  th«*  \rar  «•.<•  1.<M  ].      fret  ftfVMI  >!<:!:«•      >  •  r     ^ •  •      •  •  •     •     • 

-.1  «•<«  :«, :  tv-ooc  yeam  At  Fall  River  there  VM  trmiili   hetwwej  tW 

tnainteoaoee  for  t  he  Spinnen*  and  the  W«a**rV  I'm**.  aa4  at 


fear  9SOB 41 1.78.    The  net  coat  vaa  $182.748.65 ;    bury  400  «ra*er»  tCiwit  to  Ja«e.    TV 
the  amage  population  wat  1.088.  making  tbe    « 


Thra 

•  ,  ., 

Tartedfrom    . 

**M.lM  .t  the  Rdgv 
«hare  the  average  number  of  prim- 
vi.  The. 

•»  the  ^tion.  with  ai 

.•artotin.    TW 

pn^new;  the  expenditure,  were  $157.-    home  to 
«y«Vai 

'.irtn   ha.1  an  average  number  of        TW 

**W   %awW 


-age  population  wa.  1.088.  making  tW  UriW  of  ifitoaen  at  Aadorer  la  May 

.rr—prr  ,.,,.,?„  ,.r  ,/„..,  ....  ,  (^UWaUaM.    Maarfc.^.r.tolii 

mag«  nomber  of  nrinoan  in  the  county  crlrbratrd  the  two  ha»dr«4  and  tfta**  **». 

^•^     •  1OA      »•  I     tV— 11. *.  ^^m^mmm  fJ  4ta  ^^ft^M^MJ    J«t»  la\   ^Mk.  &A  a^^^^k. 

wav  a,ieu.  ana  cne  rxpenuiiuira  ware  vwroi  ••a^iMavBawa«*vi7  iav  wwaiav  ajavaw* 

IJ1    TW  gro»  ooat  for  each  prinar  kai  MiHrHtoanat  nyiafaniit              •-••Ha- 

r..m    $!r,-«   .-    •!..    x:  .    .  ^-  .     :     '  .        .  ... 

if  Correction  t..  *-Wui  at  the  Edgar-    l*H(mmimcimA*mn*  m iwtfecWr 


r*»-    RteteH  a  aioddard  tW  port. 

^vivaMM  f^^^a^aea^  law  ^••IM^I^^^MM^I  <^  t  k* 


748 


464 


MASSAClirSKTTS. 


founding  of  the  city  Sept  1«  and  17  with  lit. -r- 
ary  exercises,  athletic  exhibition*,  a  regatta,  a 
parade,  and  a  banquet. 

^The  Third   Army  Corps  held  a  reunion  at 
lU.il.-v  May  7  and  placed  a  tablet  on  th. 
where  Gen.  Joseph  Hooker  was  born,  ii 
Gen.  Sickles  addressed  3,000  people  in  a  tent  on 
the  preen  in  front  of  the  house. 

roversy  arose  in  !•'. 

over  a  cargo  of  herring  which  were  bought  in 
Newfoun.ll.-u). I  l.y  t'nited  States  flshenm-i  i 
«-ntry  was  claimed  f..r  the  hi-rrini;  and  >u>tainrd 
by  the  « -ollcvtor  at  Gloucester,  where  the  vessel 
touched;  but  at  Boston,  where  it  entered,  tin- 
collector  assessed  a  duty.  A  reform.'  to  the 
Board  of  tirnernl  Appraisers  brought  <>ut  tin  de- 
cision that  the  fish,  having  been  taken  by  New- 
foundland fishermen  and  delivered  salted,  were 
•abject  to  duty. 

Ini.-r.-M  In  whaling  in  Hudson  Bay  has  re- 
rived  in  New  Bedford,  and  more  vessels  went  to 
that  locality  during  the  year,  some  with  tin-  in- 
tention of  wintering  there. 

The  halibut  fishing  in  Greenland  waters  was 
reported  a  failure  this  year.  Ice,  fog,  and  rain 
interfered  with  operations.  Large  receipts 
from  the  Grand  Hank,  however,  were  reported, 
;i  is  said  a  new  fishing  ground  has  been 
found  and  halibut  have  been  taken  in  great 
abundance, 

Legislative  Session.— This  began  Jan.  3  and 
ended  Juno  '».  Hon.  George  P.  Hoar  was  re- 
elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  by  a  vote  of 
180  in  the  House  and  34  in  the  Senate,  against  39 
and  4  for  John  K.  Russell. 

During  the  session  the  Governor  signed  504 
acts  and  127  resolves,  vetoed  18  bills,  and  al- 
-'  to  become  laws  by  statutory  limitation, 
withholding  his  signature.  The  most  impor- 
tant among  the  measures  passed  was  the  act  to 
provide  for  a  metropolitan  water  supply.  It 
creates  a  water  board,  who  are  to  construct, 
maintain,  and  operate  a  system  of  metropolitan 
water  works  and  provide  thereby  a  sullic -ient 
supply  of  pure  water  for  the  ciii.  >  ,,f  Boston. 
Chelsea.  Kv.-n-tt.  Muld.-n.  Mod  ford.  Newton,  and 
Somervillo.  and  the  towns  of  Bolm.mt.  Hydi-  Park, 
Mel  rose.  Revere,  Watertown,  and  Winthrop, 
which  cities  and  towns  shall  constitute  th< 
ropolitan  Water  District.  Bonds  may  be  issued 
on  the  request  of  the  board  to  an  amount  not 
exceeding  $27,000,000. 

An  act  to  revise  the  charter  of  Boston  pro- 
vides that  the  mayor  shall  be  elected  for  the 
term  of  two  years.    The  election  department. 
the  fire  department,  the  water  department,  and 
the  institutions  department  are  created  as  de- 
partment* of  the  city,  and  officers  are  desig- 
m  have  them  in  charge.    The  offices  of 
vmrars  of  voters  and  the  board  are  abol- 
ished, and  their  duties  devolve  upon  the  Boston 
BalloMaw  Commission,  made  up  of  4  election 
"•"•onew,  2  of  the   party  that  cast  the 
*  ToU  at  the  election  next  preceding  their 
appointment,  and  the  other  2  of  the  party  cast- 
ing the  next  highest  vote.    There  is  to  be  1 
oramwrioner,  1  water  commission,  r.  ami 
••*  commissioner,  the  corresponding 
board*  bring  abolished.    Tho  offices  of  inspec- 
•*  "f  milk,  vinegar,  provision*,  and  animals 
for  slaughter  are  abolished,  and  their 


duties  devolve  on  health  inspectors  apt 
by  the  city  board  of  health,    other  dt-pai 
and  offices  abolished  are  • 
ment  and  office  of  surv. 

•ient  and  office  of  city  an  -hit. 
board  of  survey,  their  work  bci. 
city  engineer,  the  supcrmt.-ml,  -m  of  j.ul.h,  i..liK 
inn,  and  the  street  commissioners. 

The   charters   of   several    oth.-r   cities  were 
amended. 

act  to  be  known  as  "the  Cm. 
1895"  provides  strict  rules  for  the  con 
political    committees     and     caucuses.      8o£ 
•  •Manges  were  made  in  the  regi>i  ration  1 

Provision  was  made  for  estat>li-l 
schools  for  instruction   in  tin-  th.-..; 
tical  art  of   tcxtil.-    ami    kindred   indu-: 
oities  having  460.000  pimlles. 

«  M  her  acts  of  the  session  were  : 

Appropriating $60,000  for  expanses  in  connection 
with  the  extermination  of  contagious  disease* 
animals. 

Appropriatinff    $125,000   for  taking  the  d« 
census,  in  addition  to  the  $25,000  HI 
L894 

.irin^r  specifications  of  the  character  of  work 
required  and  rate  of  compensation  t 
persons  employed  in   cotton,  worsted,  and  wooleo 
factories. 

'  v  of  North  Adi 


Authorizing  Savings  banks  to  invest  in  and  Into 
upon  bonds  of  the  States  of  Missouri 


and  such  cities  thereof  as  have  a  population 

or  more  and  whose  net  indebtedness  does  not  exceed 

5  per  cent,  of  their  assessed  valuut 

Requiring    school    committees    t»    furnish   j  :M> 
schools  with  national  flap*. 

I'pividing  for  tin-  s.-izure  and  disposition 
erty  found  where  opium  is  smoked  or 
away  to  he  smoked,  and  for  pun'. 
there  found  present 

Exempting  disabled  soldiers  and  sail 
at i«»n  upon  $2,000  worth  of  proi" 
whole  estate  does  not  exceed  $5,000, 
property  otherwise  exempted. 

To  prevent  fraudulent  transfer  of  property 
solvent  debtors. 

Providing  that  tenement  houses  in  Boston  Khtll 
have  adequate  open  spaces. 

I'p.vidinir  for  tin-  t^in-hink'  of  illiterat* 

rpividinir  that  any  polit 
five  annual  State  elections  next  prccedin 

•r  any  office  voted  for  at  a  State  ele« •• 
large  a  number  of  votes  as  equals  tin    i 
titioncrs  required  to  nominate  for  that  office  I-;, 
nntion  papers,  may  nominate  candidate*  ' 
office,  ana  shall  be  entitled  to  have  tin 
candidates  printed  on  the  onVial  ballot 

p-tri. -tions  as  apply  to  a  party  that  casta  8 
per  cent,  of  the  vote  for  governor. 

Prohibiting  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors  • 
22  and  July  4. 

Making  certain   army    nurses  eligible  to  receive 
State  ai.l. 

Authorizing  the  appointment  of  a  regi- 
)>y   the  civil-service  commissioners,  at  a  salal^V 
$2.000. 

Imposing  fine  or  imprisonment  for  t- 
animals  with  garbage  refuse  or  offal. 

To  r<-L'tilat<-  the  observance  of  S 
that  no  entertainment  shall  ho  ?i'. 
which  a  fe<  proceeds  ar 

exclusively  dc -voted  to  charitable  <>r  r 
poses,  and  imposing  a  fine  of  $5 
tending  such   a  performance,  and   | 
who  gives  or  takes  part  in  it.  and  > 
of  any  hall  where  this  law  is  violated.    The  $60 


IU8ETWL 


-  .• 

'   arv  to  be 


'  *'    "         •.'••'          "                         '  ABV    faffilMV    tMMO^^A    t£    ottOHV  oV 

F*W  oowttoff  ftf**^  **tftM"*w  UM  line  botweeji  Mooo* 

ThrT.  Munft,^  ooMirrantil.-  AfTrnr»»petitten  u^  unUxcd  oote«  of  8u«e  ,  c  ooUoool  book* 

voMiiraiine  the  ooodiUooa  eboU  be  the  onljr  emlM  owveary.  eod  tool  tbe 

of  cotton  nuuiufarturr  with  •  riew  of  detormin-  Oofonuueot  oWU.  wttb  ibe  dmin|oieol  of  o 

tern  adenooH  to  tbe   iipiMii  of. 

OVh^i|A0&^|      •••III^     tm**mm*      t 1.      _     ^^^m  n^^  il    i  ^k    •  W^          * -*  -         ^^Al^H  ^^OV^&      ^It       I 

•  pooi   '-  io|   "•  •'••    v*  •    '  irooe,  lourv  ee  repeaiy  09  oeooooj  ou  t/oooej 


i.  wh 

tb*9a«tli  hoi  wrerml  n»turml  ^Iv.nt 
-.«  fMfwet,  taflb  M  the 


trnorof 


te  ito 


to  work  by.  and  Abundant  w.trr       TW  RtjulioVMi  O»f  o»1iM  m^  ooM  in  Bo» 

DM  nov.  in   .v  ft««nrr  did  |.  TlMV  ««•  ItPO  OBBoplotPi  for  U» 

...  I     »  ,  ^^^  •  ii  •  A  A/  ^.lr_»  >  i  ^  .  •  n  •!•!  •  i^»fa^i  i^     rt^»  A^_^^&LM>  __  ^ 

Mopor  MMwr,  ODv  vmn  PJUIUV  ot  oo>foo*  «M»ono»orMioooMooMo»—  ^»o^.i»foiojooojpooa 

Afltt  &A  i  KM  MkAi  it     ^  i  ^^P^»  t^^*^i  fti^%««  |_-  ^^^^  ^nii  w  A    \f  *^«i      ^P^M  *«^A  ^i^^i^A  •  tf&A^^^^L^i.^^ 

•  k*wl  I  •••"  MJMI^  OM        T^«rfW« 

•  nj  wmcn  UM  Boura  •rv  HHjnoooa  aon  IJOPI;  oiomkopv.     IOVVHWOBOJ 
No|4oy«n  an*  hanuM^l  l>r  -.,-»,   i.ilU  M  tf  <-«l»oo»l  Oofomof,  fcpr  Woj^au 


d    tbe   \\V«»r r. 
work  •!•  iot    P. 


HoMl  rid    foi    : 

•t»to  farto 

rt 


IM 


MKTAI.Lt  K<iY. 


Tided  a 


the  public  debt    The  last  CongreM  oro- 
revenue  •harorfullv  inadequate,  an-  1  by 


ministrations  the  burden  of  their  outlay."  On 
the  currency  question  the  platform  declared  that 
the  Government  >h«-uld  maintain  each  dollar 
which  it  issues  on  a  par  with  its  standard  gold 
dollar,  ami  should  not  permit  the  free  coinage 

•  r  at  any  ratio  not  established  by  in 
tiooal  agreement;   expressed   regret  that    the 
DssiOTrsnr  m«;  '"F600  "•*  'orced  the 

inrionsl  Treasury  to  a  humiliating  dependency 
on  private  bankers,  and  believed  that  there 
should  be  legislation  to  protect  the  metallic  n- 
strve  from  concerted  attacks  of  speculators ;  de- 
clared in  favor  of  the  Monroe  doctrine,  civil- 
•arvico  n  form,  restricted  immigration,  and  in- 
creasingly rigid  liquor  laws. 
On  Sate  Issues,  the  resolutions  urged  that 

i;  .  :.   .       •    ;:-,  -s    ,  ndeftfOT  1"  secure 

improvements  in  Boston  harbor,  that  the  laws 
for  regulating  State  corporations  be  extend « 1  t  •  • 
those  of  other  States  doing  business  in  Massa- 
chusetts, and  that  additional  laws  be  passed  for 
promoting  road  improvement  and  for  suppress- 

::.  _•  ;  •   .-.•  ;',jiif  -. 

<-ts  were  also  placed  in  the  field  by  the 
People's,  the  Prohibition,  and  the  Socialist-La- 
bor para  -. 

At  the  election.  Kov.  5,  the  Republican  ticket 
was  successful.  Following  is  the  vote  for  Gov- 
ernor: Greenhalge,  Republican,  186,280;  Wil- 
liams, Democrat,  121,599;  Kendall.  I'rohibition- 
'.pulist,  7,786;  Ruther,  So- 
cialist-Labor, 3,249. 

<  >n  the  question  of  granting  municipal  suffrage 
to  women  the  vote  stood:  Male  vote— yes  86.- 
.  186,976 ;  female  vote— yes  22,204,  no  861. 
re  for  1896  stands :  Senate. 
88  Republicans  and  7  Democrats;  House,  180 
Republicans  and  59  Democrats. 
The  Supreme  Court  handed  down  a  decision 
>ber  that  the  Australian  ballot  law  is  con- 
st it  utional. 

e  municipal  elections  in  December  Demo- 
cratic mayors  were  elected  in  Boston,  Newbury- 
port,  and  Lowell,  while  in  Beverly.  Lynn.  Sa- 
lem, Chelsea,  and  Cambridge  Republican  mayors 
were  chosen.  In  Kverett  and  Worcester,  Citi- 
xens*  tickets  were  successful.  On  the  vote  for 
license,  Boston,  Lowell,  Worcester,  and  New- 
burynort  gave  majorities  in  favor,  and  Beverly. 
ridge,  Chelsea,  Everett.  Lynn.  Medford. 
and  Salem  majorities  against  license. 

Ml  NNoMIKS.  The  12  branches  of  the 
Mennonite  Church  report  for  1895,  according  to 
the  table*  given  in  the  "Independent,"  New  York. 
090  ministers,  600  churches  and  47,669  commu- 
nicant members.  The  largest  of  these  branches 
ie  Mennonites,  18,378  members,  and  the 
Anmh,  10.700  members.  These  two  branches, 
between  which  a  close  affiliation  has  been  de- 
veloped, report,  together,  a  gain  during  the  year 
of  more  than  2.000  members.  A  commit  tee  "rep- 
resenting the  several  State  and  district  confer- 
ences is  engaged  in  arranging  for  the  holding  of 
*  general  conference  of  the  two  branches.  I  f  it 
Is  sacewwful  in  bringing  this  meeting  about  in 
the  event  will  mark  the  two  hundredth 


contributions  of  these  two  branches  for  r 
and   other   pur|ins<«    amounted   t"   a    lir 
than  $9,000.      A  home  for  orphan-  In 
prowled  near  Orville.  Ohio,  and   a  coinnn 
school   building  has  been  erected   u 
Ind.     Several  \iiiim;  men   an-   |.re|.;i 
selves  f«>r  medical  I 

The  Mennonite    Hrethn-n   inChri 
ten,  54  churches,  and  4,000  m.-n 
about  500  accessions  to  church  memtarshi^^l 
contributions  of  $28,629  for  mission  an<: 
table  purposes.    Mi^lit  m-\v  home-mi-- 
were founded  «lurin^  the  y< 
has  been  esiaMi-h.-d  at   Berlin,  on- 
foreign  mission  has>  been  begun  nt  Wuhu. 
with  1  missionary,  to  whom 
idded 

The  General  Conference  of  M>  n 
ministers,  50  churches,  ami  »J.o. 
turns  an  increase  during  the  yei 
members.     It  has  an    Indian  mission  staH 


anniversary  of  the  division  of  the  Mennonite 
Church,  which  took  place  in  1696.    The  year's 


Cantonment,    Oklahoma,    has 
among  the  Cheyenne   Indian^,  ami 
open  an  orphans'  home  at  ]'>luiTton.  < 

The  Bundes  Conference  of 
ministers,  12  churches,  and  2,000  m> 
made    an    appropriation    for   a    mi 
among  the  Comanche  Indian-,  and  has 
first  foreign  inis-i..nary  to  Africa. 

The  Light  and  Hope  Society,  of  whic!. 
J.  A.  Spreenger,  of  the  Swiss  Rlennoi 
is  president,  sustains  deaconesses1  I 
cago,  111.,  and  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  an  or 
home  at   I'.erne.  Ind. 

Ml.  I  M  I.I  \U.\.       Iron    and    Steel. 
nature   and    properties   of   malleal 
have  not  been  studied  with  suflicient  th- 
ness.     Now  that  larger  uses  have  i 
for  it   in    railroad-car    couplers,    etc..    tl. 
smaller  articles  to  which  it  had  been  app 
qualities  have  become  a  subject  of  n; 
tance.     Mr.  II.  \l.  Stanford  supplei 
count  he  gives  of  the  process  of    mam/ 
with  a  few  general  conclusions.     Next    t 
the  most  important  element    in  n. 
iron  is  carbon.     A  high  percentage  of  thi«* 
stance  is   necessary    for  fluidity—  a  <|i- 
prime   importance.      For  strength 
ability,  the   unannealed  castings  nm-t    |. 
graphitic  carbon,  but  the  total  | 
be  in  the  combined  state.    Variati 
qualities  and  in   the  fra-tuK    an 
connected  with  the  larger  <T  smaller  seo^^H 
the  mold.     The  chemical  action  in  the  i 

to   lie  primarily   the   combin; 
grapliitic  carbon  of  t  lie  charge  with  the 

:>ination  made  po^Me  in  the  fused  mass! 
the  temperature,  and   a  small  burniir.- 
carbon  and  slagging  out  of  silicon  and 
nese.     The  secret  of  mixing  is  in  n- 
containing  combined  and  ;rraphi! 
-uch   j.roportions  that    at   the   tempi  • 
adapted  for  pouring  the  grapi 
all   nave  combined   with   the   iron. 
ti'.n  iniirht  IK-  given  f--r  mallea! 
it  is  essentially  a  mixture  of  malleable  i: 
graphitic  carbon,  the  carbon 
divided  or  atomic  particles,  and  the  iron  H 
the  matrix  for  those  particles.   Gray  i 
from  malleable  cast  iron  in  that  the 
stead  of  being  in  atomic  particles,  is  in  crystals. 


MKTALLUMY. 

-.-      M  —   -        .'    It..       •     •      -'  .  ,      -  :- 


immfaflHoit     T!M  eabiect  H  farther  aad  a*M 

^"r"-  niiii  h  _TTT,  -TtTii,  T,, 

the  'meetjnc  of  ^  wSLT%2Jmi?J^ 


il*,,  eaUur  u  the  mo*  important 
aWWbtcc^t  iron.    It  tawZTto  b 


-tal  were  found  to  incloae  a  formation  e&uu  A 

si 

ifr.>,,|  the  hexagonal  form,  the  pr*  tWkinf  to  ottfaJa.  vtth  daaitaaai  a*  .  r> 

-ul   ISO*,  ami  ohm  a*mi.  •  par*  in*,  Mr.  E.  A.  HiliiH  fm^l 

•m  of  aimpk  cubm.    TlMj    an  alloy  of  in*  aad  M  MT  «•*.  of  rill, 

-  arm  of  lh*  Ur^r  «hk-h   WM  hanl  Mna^i    wfclMm  A  IIMO  af 

%!•!•.    The  maridofi  of  thnr  inter-  earfcon  la  h—io  amridi  flam    Pi  maid  an 

:.m*  wew  rrnr  rlmrt  -nmenu  and  worfa^  «Ml  lafiw  otl4» 

-  and   frmnoUud  alaaiiaaai.  a  mmft*  af  MM 

a.te«CJmat      «     ,•         r,-  *,»  ar|.n,t,m.ir|y  wr.  MTMtM   ...     »'-:oi  .t  .    . ,,     5 


•  tt«  aMondary  crrctal*  within  a    about  MeenU 
teehof  the  metallic  m>n.   'in  further  rx-        Tnera*mltt< 
the  author  f..un.|.    with  Mill  higher    with   iron 


that  (he  atooodary  cryateb  eomHlmM  lead  to  the 

.  of  crptale  of  vi 

rnw  of 

vicooMitutiriK  a  tmiar?  cyatem  of  by  Lo 

n^alliwi.  n.     All  theae  cmUllioe  modUkm-  wliloh 
MM  aftfioar  to  be  connected  with  the  rrgular 


n  which  it  b  m»lo    . 

»l««  hare  «•.  i*  of  the 

"C.  a»  on«,|*fts|  with   th.    ,v."        U 

^  •  h*ary  oaftiaw  or  part*  will  oontrart  leea  Sopartto  •!  eMei  ty  >•<•*»  aad  af  tfct  lav 

conditkm*  prnnii  fr»*  poHaiiraof  iWe»oaa**«f  aea*«alla4  byOaVMwd 

ADlaoa,     It  aho  appear  »««1  pnta*»  e,  e*~  whir*  take  plat*  m  If** 

<  that  the  knjrth  of  timr  •(  trtawtafem  of  eK«                    awd  «T C, 


•  » 
mar 

«|c|JTV««-«    .<f 

than  any 

::.••'     . 


.:  prrianlMie  of  ml- 


METALLURGY. 


process  of  hardening  resulted  in  similar  modifi- 
cations—increase in  breaking  load,  decrease  in 
elongation,  and  increase  in  the  resistance  to 
bending  and  impact  at  of  these  modi- 

:is  varies  notably  with  the  chemical  e..m- 
:lie  metal  a'nd  with  the  nature  of  the 

ing  bath.     A  further  conclu 
generally  speaking,  if  a  metal  is  heated  to  a 
temperature  higl  re  is  a  risk 

not  being  hardened,  while  if  it  is  heated 
to  a  temperature  of  more  than  ?50a  or  800°  C. 
there  is  no  longer  any  great  advantage  to  be 
gained.    The  result  is  regarded  as  sh 
the  elementary  phenomenon  of  hardening  is  very 
simple,  and  that  the  only  difficulties  to  b. 
come  are  concerned  with  the  equal  i. 
complete  transformation  of  large  pieces  of  ma- 
terial. 

By  a  strict  observance  of  the  rule  that  a  steel 
casting  should,  as  far  as  possible,  be  of  uniform 
thickness  founders  have  been  able  to  make 
within  the  past  few  years  castings  20  feet  long 
by  10  feet  wide,  which  would  have  previously 
been  considered  almost  impossible.  Vet,  while 
tory  large  steel  castings  can  be 
obtained,  good  small  ones  are  much  less  easily 
produced.  Mr.  II.  L.  (lantt  says  that  this  is  be- 
cause in  the  necessarily  large*  meltings  of  the 
open-hearth  furnaces,  where  most  of  this  work 
is  done,  the  metal  becomes  cooled  during  tin- 
many  pourings  required  for  the  smaller  casting. 
The  ditliculty  is  overcome  by  the  use  of  a  small 
Beseem  <r  <  on  vert,  r,  "  from  which  we  may  get 
•  :  tons  of  metal  as  hot  as  we  may  wish  it. 

>  this  the  fact  that  we  can  get  from  the 
converter  that  quantity  of  metal  of  any  compo- 
sition we  may  desire  every  half  hour  through- 
out the  day,  and  we  realize  the  advantage  of  the 
Bessemer  process  for  making  small  and  medium 
weight  castings."  Among  the  other  advances 
recently  made  in  casting  steel  Mr.  Gantt  men- 
tions a  method  for  making  a  casting  having  one 
or  more  faces  of  a  steel  much  harder  than  the 
body  of  the  casting.  The  process  consi 
lining  such  faces  of  the  mold  as  will  be  adja- 
cent to  the  parts  of  the  casting  it  is  desired  to 
harden  with  a  metallic  alloy  in  a  crushed  or 
powdered  state,  capable  of  being  melted  and  ab- 
sorbed by  the  molten  steel  in  contact  with  it, 
and  of  such  a  nature  as  to  impart  to  the  steel  a 
hard  face  or  a  face  of  such  composition  as  may 
be  readily  hardened.  If  it  is  desired  that  the 
casting  have  a  permanently  hard  face  and  be 
used  for  stamp  shoes,  crusher  jaws,  hammer 
dies,  etc..  ferro-manganese  gives  the  best  results. 
If  it  in  desired  to  do  machine  work  on  the  face, 
and  make  it  extremely  hard  afterward,  fern- 
>e  is  most  suitable.  The  fact  that  it  is 
possible  to  produce  a  soft-steel  casting  having  a 
face  that  can  be  hardened  without  tanking  the 
remainder  of  the  casting  to  become  brittle  will 
make  it  practicable  to  use  steel  castings  in  place 
chilled  iron  in  many  places  with  great  advan- 

r^ 

ticket  steel  containing  about  3}  per* 
-_kel  is  now  produced,  Mr.  Henry  A.  \V 
•ay*,  with  the  same  elongation  as  wrough 
a  tensile  strength  ful  ,  ,,t.  higher  than 

ordinary  steel,  and  an  elastic  limit  at  least  75  per 
<*nt.  higher.  The  material  possesses  great  uni- 
formity, the  nickel  being  evenly  distributed 


throughout  the  ingot,  and  not  liable  to 
tion  like  other  of  the  ingredients  of 
Its  greater  strength,  ami   particularly 
elastic   limit,    in 

than  ordinary  steel.     It  is  the  elu-tie  li 
ion   in    this  mat.-n.-.. 

this  there  is  in   Illekel  Meel    a  rolisid- 

of  ultimate  strength,  with  a  large 

The    use    of  nickel  steel  in  ben- 

angles,  etc.,  is  likely  to  lead  t 

-iinilar  l<>  that  \\hi- 
when    steel    .superseded    wrought    n 
obtainable     with    a 
inieiits  and   use  in  j 
that   nickel  steel  possesses  a  in. n 
\antai:e  in  being  less  i-orrodiblr  thai. 
•  Implication   to   which 
is  put  in  armor  plate,  gun   forging-, 
shafting,   Mr.    I-'.    L.   > perry   finds  a  still    uj,j, 
Held  open  to  its  use  for  structural 
castings,  car  couplers,  car  \\  I- 
small    pinions    and    knuckles,  shear  kni*. 
cycle  spokes,  gears  for  motors,  and  all  \. 

•  rk   demanding   hardness,    ton 
malleability.     Plates  of  iron  or  steel  and 
when  laid  together  and  heated  to  w< 
pc rat u re,  may  be  rolled  into  thin  plates 
continuous  nickel  surface  on  both  si 
or  steel  on  one  side  and  nickel  < 
The  union  of  the  two  metals  is  n 
welding,  but  is  of  the  nature  of  i-en.- 
actual  alloy  being  formed  to  some  . 
the  surface  of  contact.     The  additional 
curred  by  the  use  of  the  nickel   is  reg.v 
more  than  made  up  for  by  the  ad  van  tag 
are  gained. 

The  nickel-steel  plates  on  the  new  Sj^^l 
vessels  of  the  United  States,  being  1 
the  Harvey  process,  are  proof  against  the 
steel  drill,  and  it   has   been  found  necefl^^l 
anneal  them  locally  in  order  to  make  it  ; 
to  insert  rivets  and  bolts  in  them  in  l> 
In  the  first  attempts  it  proved   imp1 
confine  the  effects  of  the  annealing  to  it 
spot  where  the  drill  was  to  be  applied,  or 
vent  their  spreading  around  it.     An  < 
application  was  finally  made,  and 
now  done  satisfactorily. 

The  observations  of*. I.  K 
of  arsenic  on  steel  lead  to  the  com 
between  O'lO  and  ()•!">  it   has  n..  m 
on  the  mechanical  properties  f,,r  st  • 
poses;  that  with 0*20  per  cent,  sligh; 
noticed  iii  an  acid  open-heart h 
ing  properties  of  pieces  cut   across  tl, 
of  rolling  after  they  have  been  tempered. 

cent,  the  tenacity*  is  increased. 
tion  is  slightly  reduced,  and  t). 
teriallv  reduced  :  the  bending  prop* 
steel  are,  however,  fairly  good.     V 

amounts  to  about  1 : 
is  still  further  increased  and  the  cl< 
contraction  of  area  are  still   further 
while  the  bemlim:  \ 
per  cent,  of  arsenic  the  tenant  y  is  iwn-»-- 
the    elongation    and    contraction    i 

-o  tests  were  made  on  small  bars  not  as  w< 
worked  as  larger  ones  would  have 
effect  of  quenching  the  steel  when  ars. 
present  in  large  quantities,  aft-  r  h<  . 
heat,  was  to  improve  the  bending  proj>erty.    AT 


MBTALLUB0T. 


It  not  incr«a*ed.  but  'rrH^Hi  If    tubd  ol 
by  lh«  preaenw  of  .m.ll  quaatiUoi  of    Uiol  guu 

^  from  bottom  totflplTtW 

otrk*J  coodu  <*lur«l.          moml  Mnmo 

Tbe  formation  of  olowholoi  in  tht  minnfno     Tho  Alum  u 


tha»  dtoortod  when  cold,  or  -Drained 
b  tJeetro-nmUre  to  unstrained  fUel ;    contact  with  tbe , 


I    .        . 

DMOHIOO 
oold  «i»  liieraam  to  rtrrogth.  for  wbleb 

Teifnt  kinds  art    rtt  oo 


are  aftrrwani 
r  otherwbe 
' 
that    boiler    pwtM   which  1 

corrode  more,  rapidly  than  tnoat    WM  built  to 
wkien  ha**  not  be0n  ao  trrated..  Tney  wor«  IS  tt 


theoreticAllT    Mfiflfant      W«t«r 


wbol*  b  wrll  work- 


•::-.        VI     -      -    H 
dtooa     BWt  w*i  tW  ateait 


•olphmle  to  tbon 
••>  Milnhata  *i*«i 

«•••      ^%«i|"»«»»«'    ••Ml 


alnm.     Tb»  brick*  arv 
The  alum  ft§ 


prwipilati.>n  of  th* 


-17.' 


MKTALLURGY. 


•ottered  bettor  than  the  ordinal  m;- 

now  obtain*!  by  win*  the  ingredient*  in  a  tittle 

dinVrrni   proportion  from  llu*f  UM-d  in  tin-  HrM 

•older,  and  ha*  a  peiwntaffp  <xuii|M*ition--ftlu- 

miiium.  frtt;    *£ 

phoruA.  OU4.    This  eolder  ha*  come  largely  into 

ttte  in  Oertnanv.  Switzerland,  Kngland.  and  the 

i  • 

icthod  has  been  devised  for  imparting 
hanlncM  to  aluminum  by  the  addition  of  chn>- 
miiiin.  tare  has  to  be  taken  in  the  process  to 
secure  a  true  alloy,  which  i>  diffloolt  <»n  account 
..f  i hr  difference  in  the  BMttinf  joints  of  the 
two  metal*.  The  aluminum  is  said  to  be  made 
a*  hard  as  steel  by  this  moih<Hl.  F.  A  Hard,  of 
Quebec,  is  credited  with  the  discovery  of  a 
method  of  tempering  aluminum,  so  as  to  give  it 
the  eon*i*t.  ;.«  v  ,,f  iron. 

To  cover  aluminum  with  other  metals,  Ib-rr 
Heesen.  of  llorlin.  plunks  it  into  caustic  potash 
or  soda,  or  into  bjdroohlork  arid  till  bubbles 
of  gas  appear:  then  into  a  rotation  of  OOlTO«i?W 
sublimate,  by  which  an  amalgam  is  produced  on 
the  surface.  The  fir-;  immersion  is  then  re- 
poatoil  :<•>>  the  ahuniniun  is  plunged 

into  a  fa  salt  of  the  metal  of  which  a 

coating  is  desired.  A  closely  adherent  laver  of 
thin  substance  is  rapidly  formed.  So  perfect  is 
the  adhesion  of  silver,  gold,  and  copper  that  a 
plate  covered  with  either  of  these  metals  can  be 
hammered  or  polished. 

(..'Id.— Concerning  the  relative  cheapness  of 
the  cyanide  and  the  i-hlorination  processes  for 
extracting  gold,  Mr.  K.  A.  Schneider  publishes 
the  conclusions,  in  the  "Engineering  and  Min- 
,rnal."that  under  exceptionally  favorable 
ling  is  cheaper  than  chlorina- 
tion,  but  under  all  circumstances  it  is  safer  to 
operate  chlorination  works.  Chlorination  can 
be  successfully  applied  to  almost  any  ore,  while 
cyaniding  gives  satisfactory  results  only  with  a 
certain  class  of  ores.  The  cyaniding  process 
labors  under  the  disadvantage  of  requiring,  in 
most  instances,  an  extremely  skilled  chemical 
supervision.  The  chemical  nart  of  the  chlorina- 
tion process  is,  on  the  other  hand,  very  simple. 

In  the  llaycraft  process  of  gold  extraction 
the  ore  is  passed  through  a  fine  crusher  and  con- 
veyed to  an  iron  pan  having  a  capacity  of  one 
ton  ore.  Beneath  the  nan  is  a  furnace.  Water  is 
mixed  with  the  ore  to  bring  it  to  the  consistency 
of  thick  pea  soup.  A  vertical  shaft,  having  r.;- 
volving  arms  attached  to  keep  the  contents  of 
the  pan  constantly  stirred,  works  in  the  cal- 
dron. The  arms  are  fitted  with  carbon  shoes, 
which  form  the  anode  through  which  the  elec- 
tric current  passes  through  the  saline  liquor  to 
the  bottom  of  the  pan,  which,  with  a  dish  ..f 
quicksilver  in  the  middle,  forms  the  cathode. 
Common  salt  or  other  chloride  is  added  to  the 
water:  the  salt  being  decomposed  by  tin  •«•!••«  -trie. 
current,  the  sodium  passes  to  the  mercury,  and 
the  chlorine  rising  through  the  mass  of  pulp  dis- 
solves th*  fine  gold  it  meHs  with  and  forms  a 
chloride  of  cold.  As  the  pulp  circulates  in  t  he 
pan  this  chloride  comes  under  the  operation  of 
the  electric  current  and  is  decomposed  in  turn, 
the  ehlorine  being  liberated  to  seek  more  gold, 
while  the  gold  panes  to  the  mercury  cat hode. 
thm  producing  amalgam.  In  the  meantim 

—  panicles  of  gold  that  are  too  large  to  be 


dissolved  by  the  chlorine  gravitate  to  tl 

torn  and  are  also  inkeii    hold  of  by  the  n. 

In  the  process  of  l>r.  (ia/e.  <>t 

which   chloride  of   bromn 

solvent  for  gold,  cau>iic  soda    is  u-ed  to  • 

the  chlorine  ami  bromine,  ami  tin-  •_: 

. -red  from  the  solution  by  «•!.•<••  • 

by  chemical  precipitant* ;  at)  import  mil  : 

the    method   employed   for   making  tin- 

The  process  is  a  continual  .-plittii. 

farming  of  the  salts  used. 

Me  results  in   the  perceir 

been   obtained   by 
process,  in   which  a  mixt '. 
nide  and   •  bromide  is  UN 

vent.     It  is  indicated  by  some  exp< 
Mr.  .1.  8,  «  .  Wells   that  n; 
solvent    i*  more  powerful    than    cyanidr 
In  a  process  by  C.  A.  Mulholland,  f r 
i-  used  in  nlace  of  cyanogen  bromide. 

Mr.  .1.   .1.   ChriMmas  of   Au-trab:. 
have  overcome  the  diili.-uliy  of  n-ing  lea^^H 
amalgamating  metal  and  a  means  of   obtj 
gold  from  ores.      In  his  method  th»- 
tin-  lead  is  prevented  by  passing  the  flnelj 
on-,  previously   mixed'with  a  small   inia- 
kerosene  or  similar  compound  of  « 
hydrogen,  through  a  bath  of  the  molten  fl^H 
The   lead  alloys  with  the  gold  and  nlv  : 
the  dry,  pnwdered  on-,  being  much  light. 
the  lead,  rises  to  the  surface  of  t  h.v 
is  carried  away  as  tailings.     In    ti. 
process  the  native  ore,  or  sulphide  of  an 
is  melted  in  large  crucibles,  and  when 
point    of  cooling  a  quantity  of  molten 
poured  into  the  ore,  stirred  with  an  ; 
poured  into  molds  to  cool.     When  the  ii 
turned  out  of  the  mold  it  is  found  that  tl 
which  has  a  greater  affinity  for  gold  tl 
antimony,  robs  the  latter  metal  of  il 
tents,  and,  having  a  greater  specific 
ties  to  the  bottom  of  the  mold,  from  whi 
easily  removed  and  the  gold  recovered. 

Copper  and  Nickel.— The  ; 
K.    Lytle  for  producing  hard  copj- 
now  in  use  in  Chicago,  consists  in   ' 
molten  copper  with  a  chemical  (ompoun 
ingredients  are  not  disclosed,  but  which 
ventor  states  is  not  an  alloy,  and  i*  int  r 
for  its  effect  in  rearranging  the  molecules  of  H 
metal.     Fractures  of  the  treat  ed 
no  indication  of  an  alloy,  but  show  ;< 
acterist ics  of  pure  copper.   The  castings  ar 

'  h  and  free  from  blowholes,     i 
specimens  are  shown  of  tough  cas; 
bars  of  the  treated  metal  have  been  drawn  4 
wire  of  high  quality,  and  rolled  cold  itr 
-t  rips  of  great  tenacity  and  perf 

By  means  of  a  new  scleron 
cate  construction  and  exact  action,  i: 
M.  Paul  Jannetaz,  an  interesting  f 
ing  the  relative  hardness  of  /in<  an-; 
been  brought  to   light.     Most   aut: 
zinc  as  harder  than  copf.er.     If.  h- 
metals  are  examined  in  a  sufficiently  pure  stjj 
copper  appears  to  be  the  harder  of  th 
removes  an  exception  to  the  rulo  tl 
the  body  the  less  its  atomic  voi 

In  its  ordinary  commercial  form  nickel,  aide- 
scribed  by  Mr.  A.  G.  Charleton,  conl 
99  per  cent,  of  metal,  consisting  of  a  spongeM 


METALLURGY. 

maw  of  reduced  ami  artificially 
m*  ei.preriably 

lidlaairap.  evident  thai  tbere  b  a  direct  rnnasrtioa  betweS 

.1  heat;  a                  le  dissolved  in  a  tto  properUse  of  a  ma»  and  UM  falune 

When  nickel  to  ^U^^^  S^JSS^w^n!SSC!£ 

some  mlucing.  committee  for  UM  fwrpoaf  of  JatSSSim^m 

/ed  metal  is  added  to  the  flruciUle  a  far  the  mechanical  propsffias  of  Trrlah  ata  a* 

^  before  oasting;  without  thia  UM  accordance  witb  UM  jpriodJe  law  of  Xrwknd. 

•alalltporotttaiKl  irmUar.aadlMaftjalloi  MaiBtaMaaj     «    ;  ..     '• 

-  ketof  UM  invaatiZiUon.b«i  UM  < 

^andrn n  Jmilar  Uined  In  eonnecuLn  witn  it  wa« 

pbtaleal  propertie*  to  t  bow  of  iron  and  copper. 
<*•>  malleable  end  ductile  than  Iron,  tttvl 


Mhankr  than  «Hh«r  iron  or  eoppar.   luirn«tif    oopp«r.  cant*n  iU«awUi  a«oa  ft. 
iMatMdiaUbatwMthatoiUnandofatMl.    ^^^  —  -VHmfinf 


laotHocoiM    •.,    .  toatawat  r^tiTth..  ,:,->  ..f  ,,, .,  .  ,. : , ...   ,  ,.    ..,    , 

UUniortlUiWetoooii. 

are  iron,  copper,  *Uic*.  sulphur,  anrnir.  havr  thus  far  hm  rtodied-«B 

o. ami  in eoae oaiaf  a kanMlof nuvdaoM  >,.•••       ;.•.,.-     •  - 

i'- 


Umkn.^  taken,  inn.,, .ft,.,  ,,,M-,h,.-,t .    iu-  ilkm    It  WM  fea»d  Ua*  tna  INI    .     ' 

i'Ucation,  in  nlating  and  in  nickel  ration  adopted  ttndmd  it  poaaMa T» 

inleaveeand  thread*,  entering  more  tofonnaUon  a*  to  what  ie  bapnanlngia  tk 

.  common  nee.    The  thread*  art.  of .  maai  of  metal  from  UMnmnewt  k  bMlna 

tery  largely  in  nejeementerie,   Lyona.  to  cool  until  it  teMttd. and  ever, 

center  of  a  »|«rial  indortry  of  Although  no  iron-alanUMni  alloy  of  tedartffel 


\.-l      ..-•    •        -        .,  .      ,     - 

thr..uk-h  iMe,  like  A  •   t  bted    •.«:.-•      ,••-...-•      .         .         .          - 
rhram    Nickd  will  alloV  with  imt  of    who.  aUo^  wM^teLt^    A,lWa^«4 
u-rful   roetaU.  a«l.hn^  lianinoja. 

«  v.    Thro 

eopprr.  which  are  formed  in  all  proportiooV. 

,-htnc*<  with  the  ii 


up  to  95  per  cent,  when  a  |»-r 
v  £  formed,  MMnptlble  of  bi- 
ll   -ire*  the  perfectly  w  .- 

though  the  nickel  be  in  the  propor-    work  only; 
of  only  16  |*r  cent.  SilvvteawMpWI  »•«»     p!..»,-,|  f  r 

11  fact.    Great  confu-    difncultiea  to 

rnary.  ami  multiplo  allov*  ..'  -l,r  material  baa  to  to  eom 

crneral  .Icaignatiot) 
M.illichut  ban  alloy  of  nickel  copper.    vaporiMrion    inriewcf 

I 


in.  bismuth,    or    antimony— aa    well,    from 
imp*-  v  and  a  fine  color,  gener-    aolve 

•-nwiMBof  ductility. 
The  tlm 

with  a  rrrirw  of  the  experiment*  of 

rK  ami   li 


acuUr  j-.r^nx.  M>  »»s;.  !..  «>..-:  .v  r.    .  •  •  v 

*  (mrtition  of  K-la*»  with  eodinni 
Ugam  on  one  »ide  ami  pur>  n  the 

trie  action  wa*  let  op  the  eo- 
from  the  glaat  and   f n>ra  the  amalgam 
UM  mercury,  snowing  that  so- 


tl 

atoms  could  to  made  to  go  thmagh  gtom 
fismlt  was  obsenrrd  when  lithium  was 


-  amalcam.     When  a  m 
atomic  weight  and  rolume  « .-»» 
poUasium— n 


ida.    The  atom*  of  potaMuum  were  too  large  poreeojLof  eopMf. 

•,v»s   ••  -    ..  .>.    .  .  «  __  t  i,—  .ritim  fc»^  IMV^^^M  mtm.  *r< 

i^^v  Miiwjtn  iae  •OMcee  oovmpieQ  or  vnaiiuB  HWHI  iwiBiv  ••^  >^ 

wa.  and  which  the  oonld  tntwntv.    -Wear*  World.*  MM*  UM 

' 


they  oonld 

confront^."  the'  report  •ja.-witl     M 
-ity  which 


report  say*.  -  with  a  mo-    stiuMag  alloys  Know*,    TIM  alloy  ai 
oittinaianattogauged.    I0a«.d  ii  yaroawkof  ni wiUi 


471 


MKTAI.M-|«!Y. 


the  "true  aluminum  bronzo,"  and  from  it  the 
lower  bronzes  are  made  by  (iilution  of  10  per 
cent  bronze  with  more  conper.  Tho  •"• 
par-cent  aluminum  broniet  nave  the  character- 
istics that  will  probably  cause  them  to  be  most 
used,  especially  in  bronze  wire  and  for  inarin<> 
work ;  and  the  fact  that  with  proper  and  easily 
taken  precautions  they  can  be  rolled  or  ham 
mered  at  a  red  heat  will  add  greatly  to  their 
value.  Aluminum  in  bronzes  lowers  the  melt- 
ing point  of  the  oop|N»r  at  least  100°  or  200°. 
The  melting  point  of  the  10-per-cent.  bronze  is 
iwinewhere  in  the  neighborhood  of  1,700°  P. 
This  substance  is  among  the  hardest  of  the 
bronzes,  and  hardens  considerably  upon  cold 
ile  the  hardness  can  be  lowered  by 
annealing  at  a  red  heat  and  plunging  into  cold 
water.  Aluminum  bronze  can  be  worked  in  a 
lathe,  pvini:  chips  that  cut  smooth  and  loiii; 
MM.!  <lo  not  clog  the  tool;  it  is  a  remarkably 
rigid  metal  under  transverse  strain;  is  peculiar- 
ly safe  under  compression  strain,  and  much 
stronger  than  any  of  the  other  bronzes;  and 
has  special  antifriction  qualities. 

w  alloy  mentioned  in  the  "Journal  de 
niorlogerie"  as  a  substitute  for  gold  consists  of 
94  parts  of  copper  to  6  parts  of  antimony.  The 
copper  is  melted,  and  the  antimony  is  added. 
The  metals  haying  been  sufficiently  fused  to- 
gether, magnesium  and  carbonate  of  lime  are 
added  to  increase  the  density  of  the  material. 
The  product  can  be  drawn,  wrought,  and  soldered 
like  gold,  which  it  resembles  on  being  polished. 
It  preserves  its  color  against  the  action  of  ara- 
inoniacal  salts  and  of  nitrous  vapors. 

The  principal  conclusions  drawn  from  the 
experiments  of  Herr  C.  Heusler,  of  Bonn,  on  the 
strength  of  manganese  bronze  having  different 
proportions  of  manganese  at  varying  tempera- 
tures up  to  400"  C.,  are  that  (a)  a  bronze  with  5 
to  8  per  cent  of  manganese  is  most  useful  for 
machine  parts  in  which  tenacity  is  of  impor- 
tance; (6)  on  the  addition  of  manganese  to  cop- 
J«T  the  tenacity  of  the  bronze  increases  with  the 
percentage  of  manganese  up  to  a  certain  limit, 
then  decreases,  ana  with  a  still  further  increase 
of  manganese  the  strength  of  the  bronze  again 


The  experiments  of  Prof.  Goodman  in  connec- 
tion with  the  work  of  the  British  Alloys  Re- 
search Committee  have  brought  out  the  fact 
that  antifriction  alloys  must  alwavs  contain  a 
metal  with  a  high  atomic  volume.  'There  seems, 
moreover,  to  be  a  direct  connection  between  the 
efficiency  of  the  antifriction  alloy  and  the 
atomic  volume  of  one  of  its  constituents. 

An  alloy  of  aluminum  with  tungsten  has  been 
recently  introduced  into  the  market.  It  is  made 
ance,  Germany,  and  England. 

>>w  Prows***,— The  process  for  electroplat- 
Qf  ships'  hulls  which  has  been  used  with  success 
at  the  Comraunipaw  Basin,  Jersey  City,  consists  in 
applying  to  the  sides  of  the  vessel  tanks  or  baths 
about  5  feet  square,  scribed  out  on  the  edges  to 
conform  with  the  curvature  of  the  ship's  sides, 
firmly  braced  and  shoved  in  position,  and  calked 
•"*»!*  **  **&*  till  they  are  water-tight  The 
nrst  bath  applied  by  means  of  these  tonks  is  of 
strong  acid  solution,  which  cleans  the  iron  plates 
of  the  vessel's  sides  and  leaves  them  ready  for  the 
next  process.  The  cleaned  spot  having  been 


washed,  the  bath  is  next  filled  with  a  s<>h; 

f  copper  and   the  ••!••. -tri.-   cm 

turned   MM.     Thecyailide  solution  coinplel. 

perfectly  t  i  Dg of  the  side  <>f  th. 

and  in  addition  nets  as  a  s.>rt  <>f  llux.cau-; 

film    of    cupper  Iie\t    t<>   lie  deposited 

(Irmly  adherent.     Tin-  cyanide  solution  • 
been  drawn  off,  a  solution  of  sulphate  of 
takes  its  place.     I^argo  plates  of  cop) 

1  in  the  bath  ana  are  connected  wj^^H 

ve  pole  of  the  dynamo,  while  t 
-attached  to  the'  side  of  the  ship.    T: 
osition  of  copper  begins  immediately. 

the  process  the  entire  side  of 
within  the  limitsof  the  hath  is  found  thoroucJK 
and   evenly  coated  with  copper  about 
thick,  with  a  closely  adherent   coating  i1 
not  be  removed  except  with  a  cold  chisel,  when 
a  part   of  the  iron  comes  ofT  with  it. 

Lon  of  the  bath  is  so  arranged  that  ii 
tap  a  little  over  the  edges  of  the  sect 

.vheivhy  when  the  work  is  fini-- 

•  opper  plated  all  over,  with  ; 
inch  thick,  without  crack, seams, or  joint 
posure  of  any  kind  through  which  galvai 
tion  can  set  in. 

In  C.   Hoenfnes's  electrolytic 

production  of  nickel,  solutions  of  ni< ! 

lied  from  cobalt  and  other  metals  more  < 

negative  than  nickel.    Then  th. 

in  a  neutral  state  or  acidulated  'by  weak  a 

small  electrolytical  conductivity.    T 

sis  takes  place  by  means  of  insoluble  an. »•• 

1   in  a  solution  of  metal  or  im-iaN  m-  n- 
electro-positive  than  nickel  and  separated  nH 
the  cathodes  by  a  membrane  strong 
resist  chemical  and  mechanical  actions, 
anodes  chlorine  is  produced,  which  may  1x3  mM 
use  of  in  any  known  way.   On  the  cathodes  ntalB 
is  deposited  ;  it  is  most  useful  to  keep  the  caw 
odes  in  motion.    Anodes  of  zinc  may  be  n 
other  metal  more  electro-positive  than  that  to  be 
deposited.     In  the  same  way  cobalt  can  be  nf£ 
duced  from  cobalt  solutions,  /inc.  from  s« 
of  /inc.  lead  from  solution  of  lead.  : 
per  from  their  protochloride  solutions. 

G.  W.  Burton  has  discovered  in  electric  smofr 
ing,  where  the  ore  is  of  a  rebellious  charaotB 
that  by  placing  the  proper  flux  in  the  *o^^H 
the  metals  will  separate  and  run  fr 
according  to  the  different  degrees  • 
quired  to  melt  them  severally.     In  ' 
containing  lead,  copper,  gold,  and  si  1 
will  separate  first  and  be  found  in  t 
the  tank  in  globules.    As  the  heat  increan    - 
silver  will  follow,  then  the  copper,  and  t! 
trold.  the  rock  being  finally  consumed  or  i 
to  an  ash.    Each  metal  thus  separated  *^^H 
found  in  the  bottom  of  the  tank 
tides  of  its  own  kind.     Mr.  liu: 
experience  has  been  that  the  chemical  pi- 
contained  in  the  ore  have  much  t< 
rapid  heating,  ami  that   the  n; 
ore  the  less  current  re^uir 
hellions  substance  itself  tending  to  in< 
create  the  heat  necessary.     Remarkable  sucoeJ5 
has  been  achieved  in  Canada  in  the  treatn. 
nickel  ores  by  this  system. 

The  method  of  silvering  mirrors  recently  pat- 
ented by  Hans  Boas,  of  Kiel,  is  based  ui 
fact  that  when  one  of  the  heavy  metal 


HKALLUM 


ink  of  .  raninm  tub*  eoouinlnr  .  trw»  of       ttodrtoc  UM  h. 
.^.h.m^i.ToUtJH^b^h.™™^    *..(£&»  M.< 

of  metal  it  to  mi 


lapoaited  a.  a  tirmlv  adherent  and  btjrhly    of  attal  it  to 
on  the  wall,  of  t h,-  tuba.    The 


tooad  it  amid  U>  be  of 

«.Uinr.l  I.  UenaJartwWi 


•   tMt)   Haifa)   OlBjatam  eatAwfaW.      TX* 
Kutbrnium  la,  along  with  osmium,  one  of  UM    malUaw  •rftffrt    oftbe   i 

' 
natlj  hlfh  teniperalur*  r- 


ned  into 


onnd  that  the 

:    • 


was  hardly  pen*!**! 


Whan  laid  barr   it   by  iu  my  color 
•tat  to  iron  rather  than  platinm 
JtmUlUne.andbri 

>  at  UM  mo. 

Of   •oUdiflc.ti.,,.     ,    :     •-,-    fc.I..bul«    .r,     iBtatliSak&ll 
In  the  tame  ap. 

»   UM   fttMoliof  nil- 

rathor  more  tliHi. 


to  moll  ihanr 

>  at  whirh  it  melU  oamium  it    bodiw  whir 
nmly  ajHlomrrated  and  frrttrd.     Iridium  ot-    cttriatiUca  on  aocoont  of  the 

Will*,  Whirh  rj|M   |,,.t     U'    !!:•  .'       :     ,     '    .    '  v.       . 

vnipe,  it  melted  with  crral  -I.-1 
ia  the  electric  furnace  into  a  « 
mam.  «  thfomhun.  thnt  pimred  by  red» 

1 


Tbrr»jM-t  BMjUfM    poii.'       ' 
•     :;,-v     -.  i  .   \l    \ 
The  objtetionabla  r 


•   •  •     .-,          ;  ;  i  • 

i«ml  fn.'m  "«h:t,-  naial M    m  h  w  fa  •     •  • 

-tf»  not  thofooffhly  reooVad  by  UM  blktarinc    carbon.  ^  preparation  opeav  the  w*y  lor  t  a* 
ftwaej,  but  tnoofh  of  tham  remain  in  the  rnetd    etfaotire  Und/oftJM  alloy*  of vtnmtmm.  wheah 
?witoPW«y-L  I^«»7bar«oT.d.    M,  MoAamn  ha.  begm*  -4*  the  ,1,,^,,  ^ 


propertiea.    They  may  be  re  rooted, 
-term.  Jr..  by  taaW 

-hat 


^  tor  metallic  copper  than  f.»r  the  • 

thry  are  diaaolred.    They  are  therefore 
u  the  white  metal  by  melting  it  lo- 
ain  pr»»port i«.n  of  metallic  cop. 

that  can  boid  the  copper  in 
I  oombination.  it  follows  that  for  each 

i nds  of  copper  are  art  free  in  a 
i  ^rwlmini  (copper  and  vulphur  ft^mNn- 

.'  •       '       ,       .        . 
lanaarastthetapK. 


erlaWbynlabaoJ  tbeheary  meUdlkcop- 
otaintnir  mmt  of  tbe  imporitir*  that  were 
charv-r,  an,l   inrhl-ntallv.  at-    M    »      '    -      * 
a  portion  of  tlM  Mlrrr.     Tbe    ai 


portion 


474 


METALLURGY. 


far  superior  to  those  exhibited  by  a  piece  of 
iron. 

Vanadium,  previously  known  only  as  a  gray 
powder  including  hvdrogen,  oxygen,  and  a  little 

.  til kul i  metal  as  impurities,  has  be« : 
intci   |  licet*   having  H  crystalline  ami   brilliant 
fracture,  and  is  very  difficult  to  melt. 

Titanium,  produced  with  current.*  of  from  100 
to  800  horse  power  from  a  f  charcoal 

ami  ii-  .  first  as  a  crystal lized  carbide. 

and  then  as  the  real  metal,  exhibit-  <i: 
pr<>|xTties  from  those  formerly  attributed  to  the 
wders  that  bore  its  name.  It  takes  fire 
in  DoorilM  :  decomposes  water  only  at  a  bright- 
it  ;  I. urns  in  nitrogen  at  a  high  tempera- 
ture, yielding  nitride  of  titanium:  and  readily 
A  nli  carbon  and  silicon,  but  docs  not 
unite  with  argon.  It  resembles  carbon  in  hav- 
ing a  very  high  melting  point,  but  differs  from 
it  in  the  fact  that  while  carbon  under  the  ordi- 
nary pressure  and  at  a  great  elevation  of  tem- 
perature passes  from  a  solid  to  a  gas  without 
becoming  liquid,  titanium  can.  in  the  eleetri.- 
furnace,  be  liquefied  and  then  volatilized. 
"Most  of  these  simple  bodies  furnish,  with  car- 
bon, well-defined  combinations,  crystallized  and 
stable  at  a  high  temperature,  which  are  destined 
to  furnish  a  new  chapter  to  mineral  chemistry. 
All  these  simple  bodies  which  we  have  obtained 
in  the  electric  furnace  form  also  borides  and 
silieides  finely  crystallized,  and  so  hard  that 
some  of  them  easily  cut  the  diamond.  What 
part  they  are  to  have  in  the  manufacture  of 
steel,  and  whether  they  are  destined,  like  chro- 
mium, to  give  new  properties  to  iron  are  Questions 
for  the  future  to  answer.  But  a  new  chemistry 
of  high  temperatures  is  forming  from  which  in- 
dustry will  most  likely  draw  numerous  appli- 
cations." 

It  has  been  pointed  out  by  Spring  that  many 
metals  exhibit  properties  characteristic  of  the 
limiid  state,  even  when  at  temperatures  much 
below  their  melting  points.  In  his  experiments. 
thfe  metals  were  in  the  form  of  cylinders  with 
perfectly  plane  ends,  placed  end  to  end  in  an 
iron  holder,  and  forced  together  by  means  of  a 
screw  while  heated  in  an  air  bath  or  in  a  bath 
of  an  indifferent  gas.  The  metals  used  were 
aluminum,  bismuth,  cadmium,  copper,  tin,  gold, 
lead,  zinc,  antimonv,  and  platinum.  In  the 
earlier  experiments  both  cylinders  were  of  the 
same  metal,  and  the  temperature  was  kept  at 
-'00*  to  4003  for  from  four  to  eight  hours. 
It  was  then  found  that,  with  the  exception  of 
the  platinum  and  antimony,  the  cylinders  were 
welded  so  perfectly  that  when  one  end  was  fixed 
in  a  lathe  the  entire  cylinder  could  be  turned. 
nnd  when  broken  in  a  vise  the  fracture  was  not 
through  the  line  of  separation.  When  different 
metals  were  employed,  as  copper  or  lead  with 
certain  other*,  an  alloy  of  considerable  thickness 
wan  produced,  18  millimetres  in  the  case  of  zinc 
and  copper,  and  15  millimetres  in  that  of  cad- 
mium and  copper.  When  lead  and  tin  were  used 
a  cavity  was  made  at  one  end  of  the  cylinder 
and  when  filled  with  mica,  in  order  that  contact 
•mid  take  place  only  at  the  edge,  the  allov 
formed  had  a  thickness  of  15  millimetres, !»  mil- 
limeires being  in  the  tin  and  6  in  the  lead.  With 
eyliadtn  of  copper  and  zinc  having  a  central 
cavity  at  the  ends  in  contact,  the  surface  of  the 


copper  next  to  the  cavity  was  colored  \ .  ; 
sem  hi  ing  the  alloy  formed  when  copper  is  ex- 
posed to  zinc  vapor.  These  results  are  ex  p! 

on  t|M.  a>suinpti"n  that  the  molecules  of  SOliE 
like   those   of    Hinds,    have    not     all    tin 
velocity. 

In  a  "lecture  describing  rusts,  1'r  f.  Skiilm..n-. 
of  Philadelphia. observed  that  it  is  not  possw 

:;ue  exactly  what    a   metal    is.  jet    therein 
little    liability    to  mistake    in    identifyin 
The   metallic*  properties   of    b.  .hues*, 

fusibility,   opaqueness,  conductivity,   and  rfZ 
may  be  possessed  separately  by  n on  met  a 
they  are  not  associated  as  they  are  in  metm 
Most  metals  maybe  bent,  twisted,  draw  i 
hammered  to  an  extent    far  bey. .ml  wi... 
mineral    not    a  metal   can  endure.     Sodii. 
tassium,  lithium,  and.  in   a   1< 
um,  strontium,  and  barium,  rust  instantly  WJH! 
exposed  to  moist    air,  and   their   white  ro2 
•  juickly  dissolve  in   water  and   form  alkalies. 
Another  group — including   /inc.    lead,  magm 
sium,  and  antimony — have  white  ru-N  t 
not  soluble  in  water,  but  form  a  thin  a<: 
coating,  which  only  half  conceals  the  me •! 

t  a  dull, Garnished  appearance.    At  h  -IHT 
temperature  than  the  ordinary,  and  « -i 
if  tne  metals  are  finely  divided,  the  <  1 
energy  of  rusting  is  so  great  that  the 
burn  with  a  vivid  light  and  emit  a  <i 
smoke.    The  permanency  of  tiie-e  ru-t-amlil 
protective  character  are  utilized  in  fan 
third  group  of  metals — among  which  a; 
per,  iron,  and  silver — have  dark  or  colored  rusts. 
A  fourth  group,  including  gold  and  platinum. 
never  rust;  they  are  found  as   in 
earth,  and  not 'as  ores  from  which  the  DMM 
must    be  manufactured.      It  is  an   advantage 
in  the  case  of  the  other  metals  that  1) 
found  in  the  rust  or  ore  condition,  for  ti 
be  manufactured  more  easily  than   they  COJP 
be  cut  from  ledges  of  the  pure  metal. 

M.  Ibnri  Moissan  has  found,  in  hi 
the  solubility  of  carbon  in  different  m<  • 
in   the  same  metal  at  temperature 
more  elevated,  that  boron  and  silicon  di 
displace  carbon  in  cast  iron  and  in  melted  ir^i 
carbide.    These  substances,  when  maintainedji 
a  sufficient  temperature,  behave   exactl^^H 
aqueous    solutions   of    certain    compou 
which  we  can  precipitate  or  displace  t  In*  or  that 
substance  present  in  solution  or  combimr 

Writing,  in  the  "  Ir  f  the  fat;. 

metals.  1'.  Kn-uzpointm-r  mention*  the  factor  of 
the  ability  of  a  oeam,  axle,  tire,  or  stamp  stem 

ndu'et   vibrations  speedily  awny  fr 
point   of    impact  and  distribute    the  rootU 
thus  caused  uniformly  and  uninterrupted! 
point  to  point — a  verv  important  el- 
strength  and  durability  of  a  Mru<" 
often  ignored   or  pa— -ed  overhaul. 
metal  a  known  good  conductor  of  L 
that,  other  things  being  e»junl. 
can  be  impaired  in  various  ways  by  fl 
purities,  hollow  space- 
want  of  uniform  density,  and  others.    Ti 
impinging  against  the  metal  not  b 
conducted  away  on  account  of  one  of  th 
pediments,  the  metal  at  or  near  the  point  t 
contact  with  the  fire   becomes  hotter  than  it 
would  if  conductivity  was  unimpaired.    The 


METEOROLOGY. 
oter-    inc*  of  vfckfc 


•t  one  I-.H.I.  and  tW  more  fluently    e0ttjr«M»old :  lof 
MIS*  a  meial  t.,  u  an  ideal  conductor, "  in  the    eoMMiiaoMi  W  afeo 


the  WoftJnf  u  rr|«a«l.  the  »^.nrr  _ihr   n.cul     ,..,i .  j.  ,,f  •  u»c»  '•    < 


m.*.  :  and  4.  of 


' 
lo  bt."   TtoMUl  »•  •  ••rtiuul.MNl 


»ittr      i 


lo  br«ak  at  1'W  MOM  the  .urfaee  of 

afHlrhatijp-»arvpfijduccdwhrn  the  metal  iwfc  nearly  the  MUM  he^lM  a*  in  lh» 

n  other   tutirrm.  tl»e  al>  <ba  are  %err  tou 

that    j-  .1.1  <>f    tln.ri ..r.tion    in  a   piMw  fortheaott     'J    A 


f  .1  pfawof  mH«l  u  whrn  n 

.y.  however,  •ttoropt  «a  mpkna-    lof  of  MMMB.  white  in  viaur 

.- '.-   r  ,  •  •.  •      uilMl 


lion  of ;  *\  oondilioa  by 

henutirloi  rapidly  lhao  MMfar a «ovwtef  of  MML    4.  Fbr* 

:>.  <^c  plMUofdettM  fnmthand  IhHl  MM>  to 

pftotded  UkeviM  bv  a  k  laMlnf  MMUMT  hinder  the  beatlnff  of  the  gruan  fin  a 

of  the  particle*    a  relaxation  of  UM  facet  of  eo-  «»eh  hintiat  ilafru  UMM  an  othar  miria^i    In 

•  I.Ti:oKlil.lN^.    TrmiN-ralnrr.      i       ' 


a*  n  -era,  tt  compart  mna^  jMrtJOTUnrly  the  ^gidba.  iWf 

the  (roond  ajpHMt  crent  VMMK  of  hea4 


:     If.':   •!, 
d  by  the  whole  rarth  in  a  ymr 


of 


c  total  amount  giren  off  by  radiation  in  the  interior  of  the 

ta  the  MOM  peital.    2.  Thr  total  hrat  reoeirtd  difference  iltmtnUh  in  pota*  mvfar  mio  iw 

<  ponkm  of  the  earth  or  thr  atmoaphort  it  arable  la ya».  and  are  law  m  a  ooevred  than  hi  a* 

on  UM  arerafe  equal  to  that  jrim  off  by  the  «BOOm»d  toil    C  TW  Mag 

•nine  portion,    8.  TW  total  heat  rvotlvfd  and  lation*  of  trmt^ralure  are 


'  '  '  '        "     •'     '        '  :  J   M*       Unc     "  ''    :    "  •       ' 

cf VM  off  in  the  eotifw  of  a  yrar  it  not  the  nune    hifWr  wTerv  of  tW  enu.  TWy  Wonnje  mjaw  fae> 
that  itrm  off.  and  fie*  MTM.    4.  "fiThrat  rt-    twaeeof  tempetitmre  and  a»  H§«MfcttM»«a» 


•  mton  at  vvrry  hour  on  tto  iMMMrm-  rMNWrtW  lii«tiM|of  U»  •<!  »i^  <!••••  rr^a 

Uf»  Of  .hffrrrnt    l.rrr,  of  «ow.  from  lb»  tur  teU  «j4  *^^ 

!th.tihc  eoMft^topnw^tok^  TWcpPMd 

^aoptibthtT  of  now  it  proportional  to  th»  d~l  mom.  on  U»  .<Wr  h^d.  •^•••to  l» 

/<Uority.    T^iooSo^injrpowof  Urity  of  tW  rooU  ^  tW  f^tfa^^  ji»  «•• 

_JM                                 ,                /                .  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^    -^      _      fl^MMtt     fl^^hB^^MMM^H      I 

.^  umt  ii  T  OK  VW  li  «P  •§  ^•••^pi^MW  ^  •  ^^ 

t.m^U^itu.th.toTi^orffn^niToond.   tel  of  iWWJl  at  «il  U«^^  Uyrny.   F^tWtttg 


MNihaiof  n«,,f  thrtrmprrmturv 

hiti04rti«iowMdfraMBfmildttV 
al«.  on   U,c    nlofftf      -  -v,  ,     •  -       '    •  • 

TW  hmt  of  thr  ...n  i»nrlmir«  norm    *o«hl  b»  <• 


r«i«  fr.^rrw  thrtnowUvvr 


th»T  H 

•MOV  or  .4 
,lTrriirfbody, 


cmld  W  imiiiii  to  MM  •  v.trtLi  ti^y  fcj. 
h»v  QMJi  «U»r  M.  l»Ni  nk  of  oU  or  M«MI  ^pfc 


47.; 


MKTKni;<»Lo<;Y. 


He  thinks  that  for  a  large  part  of  the  year  fore- 
cast* of  temperature.  on  the  assumption  of  regu- 
lar rhythmic  oscillations  and  a  knowledge  of  the 
•  theirU'ginning  and  end  ing,  may  be  made 
foraweek  or  two  in  advance  with  nearly  as  much 
accuracy  as  they  are  now  made  by  the  Weather 
lluivai!  for  thir  irs. 

In  t  he  discussion  of  a  table  of  moan  monthly 
and  annual  temiH-ratures  for  London  UK-: 

hundred  ami  thirty  years.  17W-1892, 

l»r.  A.  Buchan  says  that  much  labor  has  been 

•»  Marching  for  evidence  of  cycles,  but  it 

t  be  said  that  the  results  show  more  than 

highly  interesting  resemblances  and  contrasts 

among  the  months,  and  that  in  whate\  er  way  t  he 

periods  are  \  :••«•••!  they  suggest  no  appearance 

r.ni  a  tendency  is  shown  of  types  of 

high  an<i  low  (ampmtavB  to  prolong  themselves 

during  tn<»iths.  seasons,  and  years. 

Some  interesting  results  have  been  obtained  in 
H.-rlin  "f  meteorographs  sot  up  in  the 

** Urania"  pillars.  Kach  pillar  contained  a  ther- 
mograph, a  barograph,  and  a  hygrograph.  placed 
.  side  in  a  metal  case  through  which  a  rapid 
current  of  air  was  kept  up.  The  observations 
showed  that  the  temj>eratures  recorded  on  'J 
closely  adjacent  pillars  may  differ  by  one  de- 
gree or  more  both  on  a  warm  summer  day  and 
in  the  coldest  weather.  In  one  case  the  air  was 
found  to  be  warmed  by  the  adjacent  row  of 
houses  exposed  to  direct  sunlight.  In  another 
the  radiation  was  observed  to  be  greater  opposite 
a  gateway  than  in  the  street  The  very  consid- 
erable local  differences  of  air  tempi-nit  "iv  re- 
corded  on  closely  neiirhl  >•  <rinur  pillars  could  hardly 
have  been  expected  a  pri 

For  determining  temperature  and  humidity 
near  a  surface  of  snow  Dr.  SQring  placed  a  ther- 
mometer on  the  snow  and  another  at  the  usual 
above  the  surface,  either  exposed  or  pro- 
tected, while  an  aspiration  thermometer,  placed 
1  centimetre  above  the  snow,  recorded  the  tem- 
perature of  the  air.  The  temperature  recorded 
thermometer  proved  to  be  considerably 
influenced  by  its  size,  shape,  and  position,  as 
well  as  by  the  condition  of  the  snow  surface,  etc. 
The  observations  were  therefore  restricted  to  the 
i ination  of  the  difference  between  the  tem- 
perature of  the  snow  and  that  of  the  air  above 
it,  as  related  to  clouds  and  the  motion  and  tem- 
perature of  the  atmosphere.  The  difference  was 
lessened  as  the  sky  became  more  clouded,  and 
when  the  clouding  was  complete,  during  a  fall 
of  snow,  the  temperature  of  the  snow's  surface 
was  higher  than  that  of  the  air.  The  difference 
became  greater  as  the  temperature  fell,  but  was 
lesstntd  as  the  motion  of  the  air  became  more 
rapid.  As  t"  th«-  influence  of  the  snow  surface 
on  the  humidity  of  the  air,  the  author  has  ar- 
imd  at  the  result  that  evaporation  from  the 
•now  is  much  more  frequent  than  condensation 
from  the  air,  but  that  they  are  about  equal  in 
amount 

The  thermophone.  an  instrument  for  ru 
ing  temperature*  at  distant  or  inaccessible  places, 
was  devised  by  H.  E.  Warren  and  O.  ('.  Whipple 
for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  the  temperature  of 
UH.  water  at  the  bottom  of  a  pond.  It  is  also 
suitable  for  obtaining  the  temperature  of  the 
soil  at  various  depths.  The  apparatus  resembles 
thermometer;  advantage 


is  taken  (.f  the  fart  that  different   metals  havr 

different  electrical  temperature  c.-ellieici 
I  lax  ing   compared    the    ! 

and   Silesia  with  tt, 

ires,  rainfall,  and  in: 

fifteen  yeai  --ner  found  that  the 

of  temperature  corresponded  with  tin  — 
crops  in  both  provinces  ox< -ept    in 
the  curves.. f  rain  fall  showed  no  sue!  i 
ence  in  I  :h  they  were  in 

greater  harmony  in  -  The  curves 

v  of  rain  were  in  somewhat  closer 
ance  with  those  of  the  crops  than  were  ' 
rainfall.  The  author's  final  concl 

.ationshipof  weath.r  to  cn. 
much  more  thorough  investigation  than 
siblc  with  the  scanty  data  as  yet  available. 

Clovti.— Discussing    the    questi 

cl.mds  are  composed  of  hollow  ves;< 

globules.  M.  Van   der   .Men-l.rn  |  &&«-] 

periment    performed  by  .Joseph  Plateau  in  ittj 

in  which  a  column  of  water  nearly  three  <jiiar- 

ters  of  an  inch  in  diameter  was-  >\\\ 

glass  tube  closed  at  the  top  but  «pen  at  • 

toiu.     Beneath  the  open    >urface  of   the  HHI 

was  a  vessel  of  boiling  water,  from  which  a  cur 

rent  of  visible  vapor  rose  continnalh 

pended  liquid  never  lost    its  compl. 

ency  under   these   conditions,   not  with-1 

the  number  of  spherules  of  vapor  that  roteJ 

provided  the  outside  of  the  tube  \\; 

This  seemed  to  prove  that  the  vapor  v. 

composed  of  spherules  filled  with  air.  but 

globules,  and    constitutes  a  strong   are; 

against  the  theory  that  the  clouds  are  I^^H 

tute-1  of  vesicles.     Other  considi-rat  i 

in  the  same  direction  are  theoretical. 

spherules  are  very  small,  they  will  be  mor- 

sustained  in  the  air  if  they  are  surround' 

very  thin  layer,  the  density  of  which  din. 

toward  the  exterior,  and"  which.  ;, 

Lord  Kelvin's  principle,  they  will  . 

more  rapidly  the  more  minute  they  are.    Ej^H 

the  other  hand,  the  globules  of   t'l 

relatively  large,  they  will  obey  their 

in  falling  will  traverse  strata  of  air, 

constantly  wanner,  and  will  con-e.juently 

rate  more  and  more  rapidly,  till  tl 

is  reduced  to  a  measure  at  which  their 

fall  is  opposed  by  the  resistance  of  the 

is  therefore  not  necessary  to  suppose  lai 

smaller  spherules  filled  with  air  to  ej 

suspension  of  clouds  in  the  aimo-ph- 

more,  this  suspension  is  only  re! a' 

clouds  are  almost  constantly  oh 

fact  which  proves  either  that  < 

ing  on,  or  that  some  of  the  parts  of 

are  constituted  are  falling. 

In  a  lecture  on  the"  Physical  Pheimmei;. 
Upper  Regions  of  the  Atmosphere/1  Prof. 
Cornu  compared  the  atmosphere  to  an  i 
thenno-dynamic  engine,  in  which  the  M. 
source  of  heat    and   intcrplan.  • 
condenser.     The   most    intere- 
take  place  in  the  more  inaccessible  j 
atmosphere,  and  though  the  dilVici. 

information  about  these  elev.v       :  -' 
are  great,  the  physicist  is  begin ni 
much  of  the  real  explanation  of  natural  phf> 
nomena,  and  is  even  able  to  reproduce  t 
his  laboratory.    Among  the  unexpected  stati< 


MRTROKOLOOV. 


D   UllnoniBf   and   in     With 
ob»nraiioi.«  arr  «hr  fiM-u  that  many     mam  la  at  tb. 


which  hare  been  faneralljr  refanlrd  a«    the  ffroaadi  aad  her*  the  aajaaaaa vaaar 

r    rum,.*.  '          .MUle       fr..«.    ll.r    *,.  ,,.  1    ||    |  •.-".    ,    j  ...   .         , 

!• 


of 

of  the  differmt  Urera.     limit 
•reuM     4 


partiolai 


an  eapablr  ..f  i  (iterating  »  ptr  eaat.  of  the  •panda  to  a  raiag  of  laajaaa  of  vaaar  I 

•oiarru  >m  iH  per  cmt.  U>  W  per  ceoL  MOM  dincCion.    Tae  daily  raajp  emMaa* 

ibaorbed  by  a  fog  of  uni-  exrrrt  th*  thrw  wfcrtar  aMlaaa  Ww  n 

all  direction*.  HffHUr  ta 


atatlon  how  far  thr  ap|«rrnt     <lunnr  the  unaing  aad  alcwi.    Bat  la 
i»  a  mtufartor>  the  rvlaliva  b natality  r  ••••  aalow  tK. 

•  air  in  «hi.  h   the  cloud  b    from  €  r  «  aad  aaow  M  tnm 

to5r.a.    Tae  daily  mage  of  ill  liai  aaarta^y 
(Ta^ortea^oa^a^&e  —.>>>••• 


tat  motion  ..f  thr  Air  in    »>..-.    the  cloud  b    from  6  r  H 

Mr  iw  cit«l 

cap  at  an  imteace  of  a 

a-JSttW 

mffof  air 

plyin«  boat  from 
loaaa  formrd  by  Ihr  nu \ii\g  ..f  »ir  :    »v  I- 

•ojf  with  the  air  aftrr  they  ara  fonaad. 

.... 

naajalaaBia  oonnerttd  with  ihr  (..rmatioa  of 
Irof-of  watrron  Ihr  m»clri  !»  U  f..und  ia  the 

«late  of  aaapension  make  it  probabtr  that  th*  a|» 
FvaaiMoUoaofaaaaaeloodbaba. 

•«f  the  motion  ,,f  thr  i»;r 

l&tataivafdai 


b>w  d<f*mi»  partlr 
fmai  la* 


fmai  la*  frtmod.  partly  on  Inspiration.    lti..t     Wti 

Um    aah 

feaoottaf  pnxMtwfcaMl  n  ..     , 


47s 


.  f  t  he  influence.     In  many  places  for- 


llers  were  supposed  to  favor 
the  out  bum  of  severe  storms,  while  in  a  small,  -r 


tMT  <>r  pUrwe  they  were  BMMffal  t<>  diminish 

the  liabdity  l«  them.  The  author  could  only 
conclud.  f.->  tl.  observation  that 

they  have  DO  direct  taflasoos  on  the  propaffa- 
Uoo  of  haiUtorm*.  The  preval«  n  -  of  belief  in 
such  influence  in  attributed  to  the  pr«H|ii.-ii..n  by 
II--A!  f.-.itur.-.-  uf  minor  phenomena  of  «iark  and 
iMQsmf^ooking  cloud*  which.  while  having  no 
real  connect  i<>n  with  it,  are  associated  with  what- 
ever Storm  may  fchs  time.  It  can  not 

be  denied.  'imt    the    production    HIM! 

progress  of  storm*  are  affected  by  the  features 
of  the  earth's  surface,  but  tin-  influence  such 
feature*  eiert  i*  only  indirect,  an.  I  consists  es- 
ssnUaJiy  in  changes  that  are  caused  in  tin-  atmos- 
phere. 'Thus  the  differences  in  the  temperature 
iin<l  moisture  between  the  Alps  ami  tin-  Lombard 
plains  south  of  them  le.-id  to  the  production  of 
rast  atmospheric  eddies  and  depressions  which 
have  considerable  effect  on  the  climate  of  south- 
ern Kiiro|M>  and  Africa.  Similar  disturb.. 
but  differing  in  intensity  according  to  the  pro- 

MH.  may  be  produced  by  other  lesser  acci- 
dents. The  course  of  the  storm,  when  it  has 
arisen,  likewise  does  not  appear  to  be  governed 
to  any  great  extent  by  the  mountain  ranges, 
val  leys,  and  forests,  but"  rather  bv  the  ordinary 
laws  of  the  direction  of  atmospheric  current-. 
If  the  pressure  is  even  in  a  large  area,  the  storm 
will  follow  the  n>ual  course,  from  southwest  to 

;tst  ;  if  the  pressure  is  uneven,  the  «.tonn 
will  follow  the  general  direction  of  the  wind  as 
determined  by  that  circumstance. 

•pteof  Mr.  Keuchler,  of  Indianola,  Texas, 
to  ascertain  whether  there  was  a  connection  be- 
tween the  extent  of  the  year's  growth  of  trees 
as  shown  by  the  formation  of  rings  and  the  sea- 
son's rainfall  showed  that  while  thei 
great  variation-  in  the  annual  growth  of  the  trees, 
th«  y  did  not  correspond  with  the  seasonal  rain- 
fall. The  conclusion  is  drawn  from  the  observa- 
tions that  not  rainfall  alone  or  any  single  factor 
governs  the  amount  of  the  growth  of  the  tree 
during  the  season,  but  a  combination  of  factors, 
including,  besides  the  amount  of  the  supply  of 
moisture,  evaporation,  insolation,  temperature, 
and  the  character  of  the  rainfall,  whether  it 
conies  in  showers  or  continuously. 

It  has  been  shown  by  long-continuod  observa- 

tions made  by  J.  E.  Codman  that  the  size  of 

rain  gauges  (automatic)  makes  no  practical  dif- 

ference in  the  depth  of  rainfall  collected  by  them. 

The  largest  gauge  experimented  with  was  22 

inches,  and  the  sm.il  l.-t  on.-  •_>  inches  in  diam.  -t.-r. 

.tuges  were  placed  at  different  heights, 

•uount*  were  collected 

bv  the  higher  ones  as  those  on  the  ground,  pro- 
Tided  no  counter-currents  of  air  came  in  to 
«•»*  the  result.  This  result  agrees  with  that 
Joand  hy  Prof.  Wcllmann  in  his  experiments  in 
Ix-rlm. 

The  following  generalized  results  as  to  the 
distribution  of  rainfall  in  the  United  States  are 
d«duc«l  by  \V.  Koppen  from  an  investigation 
of  the  rainfall  charts  published  by  the  (I 
meat.  Thew  are:  1.  a  district  of  continental 
summer  nun*,  inclosed  on  both  sides  by  littoral 
rains,  which,  corresponding  to  the  contrast  of 


the  yearly  oscillation  ..f  temperature,  an-  much 

marked  in  the  West  than  in  li 
district   of  isobaric  rains  in  th- 
equatorial  sea  winds  in  summer  and  \vr 
ier   in   winter;    :i.   transit  i. 
trirts.  in  which  both  rainfall  maxima  o< -cur  near 

•t  her.  while   the   minima   occur  in 
and  autumn.     Maxima  after  the  e< 
n««  here  very  well  marked,  but  t  he  A ; 

"f  Colorado   and    Kansas  and  the  n 

-  iperior  are  ind  thnn 

With  regard  to  the  seasonal  distribution 
tropical    /one.    the    difference*    in    • 

•nly  a  small  part  compared  wit  h  that 

r.i-tropical  regions;  this  resu 
follows  from  the  small  variation  of  temp. 
in  the  tn.j 

Winds.— From  the  studies  ,,f  the  relat 
the    diurnal    rise  and    fall   of  the   wind 
I'nited  States,  b\   .Mr.  Frank  Waldo. 

results  are  derived  that  for.lanuan 

the  wind  toward  the  midday  maximum  i>  '«'. 

lowed  by  a  more  rapid  fall  over  nearly  the  WHl 

of  the  United  States.     For  .Inly  the  same  lav 

ho). Is.  except   in  the  Western  States,  whs^^H 

morning  rise  is  more  rapid.     The  rise 

Mi--i-Hppi  valley  continues  during  about  M-VM 

hours.     On  the  Atlantic  . 

creases  from  ten  hours  in  the  Nort h  to  fi\ • 

on  the  coast  of   Florida.     The  rat- 

during  the  rise  varies  from  0*4  mil. 

per  hour. 

A  peculiar  climatic  feature  of  the  r«  . 
the  United  States  between  the  ninety-fir 
one  hundred  and  second  meridians  i 
rence  in  summer  of  hot  winds,  or  current 
with  higher  temperature  than  that   of  ti 
oral  winds.     They  attracted  notice  ii 
tl|e    twenty-three   years   ending    in     1W 
caused  considerable  damage  to  crops  in  t 
four  of  those  years.     l'.\.n    when   severe,  their 
dest ructiveness,  according  to  Mr.  Isaac  M 
('line,  is  confined  to  narrow  limits     T! 
likely  to  occur  U'twecri  the  middle 
the  middle  of  September,  but  are  m 
during  July  and  August.    The  let 
during  which  they  are  likely  to  pre \.-ii!  \arn-- 
from  a  few  hours  to  three  day<      ! 
tremely  dry.     Their  direction  'is  usually 
the  atmospheric  movement  near  the 
revailing  at  the  time  over  th 
which  they  occur,  and  their  velocity 

ibly.     It    i-   noticed   a>  on.-   of  th. 
striking  features  that,  while  the  atmosp 

•  •rally  and  shows  an  exec- 
at ure    over    the"   territory   affe< 
heatetl  narrow  currents  are  often 
tween   which   the  air   is   much    cooler. 
these  winds  are  always  noted  a 
tion   to   wilt    and   droop,  the    m<,r. 
ones  burn  ten.:  on  to  a  ci 

minutes,  without    reference   to   th> 
moi-tnre  prese.nt  in  the  *oil  orth. 
mosphere;  and  some  of  the  most  destr 
them  have  In-en  known  to  occur  wh 
.rated  with   moisture.     In   stn«! 
tribution  of  pressure  in  conn. 
winds.it  i>  f.,und.  Mr.  ('line  says,  that  tin 
mostly    with    low-pressure    areas    wlii'-h    I 
moved  slowly  from  the  north  of  Montana^^H 
easterly  along  the  eastern  slope  for  thre< 


METBOKOLOGY. 


'«fore  they  uke  UP  a  decided  movement  man  tangential  aorthral  of  *frt  oMrtor  aad 

The  opinion  that  they  are  of  the  tame  mo*  nearly  o«twafd  forth  or  fa*****  of  ia» 

E!TSulH£^  Zrtfcjdoloe1^                                        t£| 

- .......  and  heat  are  rau-«l  by  drourbt  r»~nJ    »«"mrd    drift    b*.    *««.*   W*£ 

tirfM».and  thai  fttrofitf.                  ,».,»r  that  r** 

arkrd  by  the  dnft.    Th*dia. 

•  -  gram,  alfo  *ov  that  t  W  ewm*  do  »«« 

otHdMMM  Cm^lW  riht  a*  < 


™    '^^^-^^•^•i*  MHO    Uaw 

od  6y  some  ,,f  phere.  as   U 

opinion  that  I  hey  are  a  special    winds  ha»     • 


u,r     TMdaMMAk^  T*1  l',l,r '  'T';"  f  '.r '  ""'  'f'' "  '' VN "  f 

.iiiirn,.,i ii.,  to  mart  -  4i    •  ••  aj|    ItotfMl  i  •  •  .      H   .-      '  H 
ions  and  correlated  fact*  that    earth's  surface  in  both  irilmai  aad   aaHvy 

,.,>,!    wbOfl    tbfl    ^     MM   '-:    >^    11.  .-.-:••:  .         •       '    •         : 

,     ,-         . 


and  4T  nona.  and 

f^-iif  nt t_ _j    >  >_^- 

are  a  permanent    that  the 


ai  .   they  and  ^•fajbotot  io«t 

y  |«lliativr  a^mM  thrni  that  M.tr,  an.l  thn, 

plantation  of  trarU  of  84. 

ill  furui-h  thorn 


vduc*  tbeir  Umperaturr.  thrrrb\ 
|*rt  laJ  protection  to  thr  farms  bryood 


~    -ff-nl-n  -•    •nil  !•  •itiiniiK  LUL 
that  cJly  .4)  the.  a»  yrt,  uni..rrmigated  Telocity     the  FTt^MillBrBkigbal  gaaCfr  on  ••.•••! 

nrmark.  on  the  indications*  during  ten  yean  of    whfeb  bareaomelimes  been  i»MpjsJ  ly  tbe 


.baiHB«hii-h  ww  »rij?inally  .juit.-  i«.lat*-«l.      In     |>h 

;nded  by  other*,    on 
.lid  not  affect  the  workin    of  the    vh 


in  the  tower  <>f    may  have  bean  dae  lo 

whuhthrrwrdtogi 
ing  of  the    wbieh  divide*  the  c«m 


Taking  .   rear  a*  .  whole,  th*     it  opwardly. 

an  obwnrnl  ill  March  a>  Prof.  Anp*.  do  w4  ri»  ^rr  a»cV  «  p^M 

nto  tbowontW  Pie  d«  IfMl  «M«4  «tf 


to    September,    and    during    these  thrown  into 

HMSJUM  toe  Tariations  were  least.    The  averaev  a  few  yards,  and  then  fall 

«  y««r  was  5*1  metres  per  second.    The  the  observer.    Tbeee  •ijieriaiaiai  aiai 

•  U  of  maximum  and  minimum  have  doubt  on  the  value  of  obsrrrattosjs  of 

»t ions,  as   I 

•ma.  nml  Cnti-ow.      WuuUwith  In  a  d 

•-«  than  the  average  are  more  fre-  owr  th. 
.  more  than  the  av. 


to  boan  it  greatest  in  January  and  Mar 

I  and  *  o'clock  i- 

the  air  at  all  height*,  in 

TOloaes  an.  I  antiryrlooem,  as  shown  by  clnod     ten 
w>nv  have  bean  tovvotigatnl   at    Bine    the 


t*n«Mlial  Mutheart  of  the 
near  I  v  inwani  north  or  northern*  of  the 


180 


thinks  that  the  evidence  is  in  f  mil's 

r.     Mathematical   laws   show    that 
i  one,  ami  that  the  latent  heat  M-t  free  by 
flensatinn  of  moisture  will,  if  it  take  the 
•f  kinetic  energy,  be  sufficient  to  produce 

,  •  ^     Mr     <-.    9fBU  M    M 

hating   bee*   made   in    Knglnnd   in   Dec. 
18M.  show  that  the  wind  in  storms  is  capable  of 
carrying  tea  spray  to  a  distance  of  about  65 

'rom  the  coast. 

Tku  mi.     I»  his  studies  of  the  an- 

nual thunderstorms   over    the 

»urf»«  '••be.  Mr.  A. 

of  the  Meteorological  Service  of  Southwestern 
Russia,  mentions  a  high  temperature,  a  certain 
degree  of  moisture,  and  a  considerable  quantity 
of  at  in- .-pi  it  at  ion  as  the  factors  roost 

favorable  to  the  development  of  electrical  ac- 
and   which   combined   contribute  to  the 
production  of  the  maximum  of  storms;  so  that 
we  could,  by  comjiaring  the  maps  of  precipita- 
tion and  temperature,  obtain  a  priori  a  cl 
thegeneral  di-tr i bu ti-.n  of  thunderstorms.    Such 
:   would,  however,  only  be  of  a  relative 
character,  because  we  are  not  able  to  estimate 
the  comparative  influence  of  the  several  factors. 
M  of  electrical  activity  of  great  intensity 

\M  on  IN. ih  sides  of  the  equator.  In  its 
general  repartition  this  area  expands  from  the 
northwest  to  the  southeast  over  each  continent 
which  it  traverses — America,  Africa,  and  A-ia 
with  <>ceanica.  forming  thus  three  electrical 
foci.  The  first  equatorial  zone— that  of  Asia 
and  Oceanic*— extend!  from  the  beginning  of 
the  Himalayas  and  across  Indo-China  and  the 
Sunda  Islands  to  New  Guinea.  The  whole  num- 
ber of  storms  annually  is  from  90  to  100  and 
more.  It  may  be  remarked  that  all  points  in  it 
are  within  the  area  of  abundant  precipitations. 
The  second  continental  /one  of  great  intensity 
passes  across  equatorial  Africa,  with  an  average 
number  of  storms  varying  from  nearly  200  a 
vear  ir  i/.ibar.  On 

both  sides  of  the  continent  the  southern  coasts 
are  much   richer    in   thunderstorms   than    the 
northern.    The  third  continental  (enter  of  at- 
mospheric electricity  is  in  the  tr..pi-al  i 
of  America.     The  yearly  average  of  thunder- 
storms is  100,  or  more  between  20°  and   *JJr 
north.    This  zone,  with  a  few  considerable  di- 
yensons,  extends  southeastward ly,  including  the 
West  India  inlands,  to  25°  south.     In  the  higher 
southern  latitudes  a  marked  differ. 
served  in  the  amount  of  precipitation  and  the 
distribution  of  electrical  activity  between  the 
MHtorn  and  western  coasts;  and  a  minimum 
is  reached  in  the  warm  region  of  the  w< 
coast,  as  at   Lima,  where  the  annual  average 
of  thunderstorms  is  null.    North  of  this  elec- 
trical equator  the   u-  |     thunderstorms 
may  be  said  to  decrease,    We  enter  the  r 
of  continental  deserts,  extending  in   tl 
*orld  from  southwest  to  northeast,  and  marked 

-rior  precipitations  and  * 
activity.  North  of  thi.s  /xme  of  deserts  electrical 
-  again,  though  it  appears  to  be  ea- 
sily affected  by  temperature  and  local  conditions. 
The  average  of  thunderstorms  m  Kurone  be- 
tween the  Atlantic  coast  and  the  Cral  moun- 
tains is  from  15  to  20  a  year. 


Miscellaneous.      l"ri:ing  that  mon 
l»e  given  to  instruction   in  general   ; 
as  a  university  c«mr>« 
the  consideration  of  tin-  \arioii«-   sir 
following    order:    Kvoluiion.  « 
offices  of  the  atmosphere  ami    its  j. 
plants  and  animals  ;  relations  <  ' 
the  \analions  of   the   M-ason-   and    t! 

tioii  of  temiM-ratiire  o\.-r  ll ai' 

the    year.  January   and   .Inly,  top-:- 
sluily  of  i-aiiomalous  an«! 
:    the    «lisiribiition 
•  lanuary     and     .Inly,     and     the     r«- 
\vmds;  classification  of  the  winds; 
the  atmosphere  and   precipita' 
eluding  cyclones,  thunilerstoru. 
distribution  of  rainfall  over  the  \v- 
sons  and    for   i  • 
eluding  sanitary  climatology,  & 
climate,  and   the   relation   of  climai 
As  lines  of  work    for  persons   \\1,,, 
pleted  such  a  course,  the  author  sugge 
study  of  the  climates  of  the  different  Stai 
effects  of  their  toj>ography  on   th< 
their   winds,  and    the    courses    of 
storms;  the  local  effects  of  forests  HI 
D  on   rainfall;  the  distribution 
by  seasons,  months,  and 
upon  the  times  of  planting  and  har\- 

Changes   in   the  depth    of    the   level  of 

water,  and  its  variations  with  the 
the  season. 

It   has  been  long  known  that  cascades 
municate  a  negat i \c  electrical  char- 
around  them.    The  subject  has  been  spt^^B 
studied    by    Herr    Lenard   at    the    u 
Switzerland  and  in  laboratory  expei 
is  found  that  even  cataracts  only  a  few  feet 
high  send  into  the  air  considcrabl< 
electricity,   provided    they   bring  down   a 
amount   of  rapidly  dashing  w; 
sity  of  the  phenomenon   is, 
very  slight  amounts  of  impurity  it 
II err   Lenard's  ezperimei 
demonstration    by    Lonl    Kelvin    and    Messrs. 
an  and  Goto  that  air  even  absolut- 

••i  rifled  by  a  jet   of  v 
general   principle   Herr   I. 
drops  of  water  falling  on  the 
or  on  a  moist  body 
water  being    diar^-d    j.ositi\. 
passing  away  negatively  ch.v 
experiment  is  tried  in  a  closed  char 
fercnce  in  potential  may  be  so  gren 

[•arks.     The  neirat  ive  el. 
air  has  also  been  ob-erveil  by  I! 
Oeitel  to  be  pn.due.-d  by  subterranean  cascades. 
Jets  of  water  that  drip  down  t  i 
rearing  stream: 
Krotiotkin    remarks  of  the   irn 
results  of  this  property,  that  t 
of  electricity  in   the  a'ir  is  coi 
The  waterfalls  in  the  valley,  the 
the  waves  on  the  shores  of 
the  splash  of  drops  of  rain  on 
masses  of  i . 

the  watering  of  our  >\r<-<\-  and  of  our  plant) 
the  orchards  has  the  same  effect  < 
scale.    On  the  other  side,  the  waves  of  the  w 
a-  they  break  against  the  rocks  and  fall  back 
millions  of  droplets  on  the  beach,  supply  tl 


ill  * 

•«i.-«tHtaiioM,MoAOM    in  UM  world. 
» to  A  full  utuieniuuui- 

OjOBMttO  TOMB 


.(,»,  p  ,.,   OM  <•-.,  •  .1.  .     ;..... 

foVOBOO^OH      OOOofioU  OOB^Vflrf  Atfoffool     ioOMB    loOOMtt    fOOlMM^Ml    JMM      I 

•  ;  •    •'   ;•  :       •  -         > 

•id    arr     AA  Ain^i*  th**  rofoJtO  coined  frooi  OHO**! 

•  lr»tar.-ft,  t  H  UM  WWOI  hi  MM   -       !•  ••      tit]      -. 
fh'n-at  itti|H.rtAAO»for  the     MJ«  MOT  the 


UM  nlfbor  »tatr 

Urf».    the  more 

Moot  OO  the  lower  in  nuiiti 


-uUiioo  of  UM 


K'Undc 

mountain  M.mm.t..  a!..l  .,  ...:;!.  r  .  '  r»r- 

boBnrotorios  hove  bom  ortob-  dm 

oo  thoM  io  AmeHco  And  Europe,    Mr.  tar: 


of  t        whick    IM  ftau,         M 

unt 


WorM.  I*H  which     —  >  —  --  —  -•>  -  ^-  - 

,  ;^.    „:    :  ;  .       ;«;.'..-a,.       '•  , 

< 


-•  •     '.      t 

*  ail  UM  yw  raM4.l«l«o» 

MM!  00(0010  s  oovfcoo  4oMoo^ 


by  UM  hUrhojt  wind*,  unlike  UM  ~}-~    ciottj  in  wintor 

•  h  tntonot  cold  ot  low  level*"    mancy  of  itoioonooFA.  ntiidi'iiiiij  A   . 
rtirnr.,t    tiMtoorologiool    Motion    on    botwMB  omn  oW  OOMO  I  HflliTiBiu  mio* 
rotioo  of  14.184  feet,  wot    with  UM  olttotion  in  UM  fWOortiTof  7/S 

ooi 

«UH.iOAU.i«i...M          •     :  ••-•:.  .-•.••..•.- 


v.    where 

Krouchooi  UM  T«OT-UM  Uok 
uiultoo,  ColiforntA, 


101  Molootolofiool  OtwTolory  io    tmff 

•Io-    foTo 


tm,ritUAtr<l  At 

l«AiiffleT  conducted  hi*  re-     lorn  ouoiber  of 
aototerbAOt  to  Ittl  on  Mount  Whit-    nooaod  from  o  Ml.  of 

re     iniobeaJtln 

•IOIUOK 


ML    Harrard    Colloft   Oteonratory    hoi.       TJMHoiUo»of  ii   A  Hag»o,bM»doo  ifcionn 
>ffa«Pt  fUUoo  io  UM    UOM  wgokriy  OMM  rfBMMb  o»<    flu  Mlg 
th«  volcooo  Rl  Mbti.    bock  io  oo  irrmlor  ood  tnem*** 


Mai  to  on  irwoior  004  aoflMMoiy  wow  o» 

•MA  gkov  tOAl  1  ^k«  M to'ki^mJi  OOA  o  flool  to* 
loom  OB  too  QtMOto  ofTiliMi      Of  UM 


0  Pom.  19.690  frrt  Ahore  the  »m. 


on  hccv,  UM  station  it  onpplMd  with    floosot 

mmi* 

Proocv  hM  UM  tfolioM  of 


•  (14J»f«H)boaMOM  «nh  * 
•••••k    Mr.  JAIMOHI  ho*  iveratlr  > 


•,  «M 

.  thr  MI-* 
^  feel  Abort  thr  »*.     In- 


rrerrrytwo  dW  of  Joly.  ood 
MOMofolly  io  Jonoory:  IW 
the  wmmlt  liondud  ood  mi 


t3l     OMll   OOOOt    tM 

fret  aboTr  UM  ffoond.  which  (i<r     marked   «O   UM  tfO-d 
ndiliom  preToOimr  to  UM    IMOpoml 

,,-.--.• 


•y  °< 

4  this  owToUon.    The  ob«rnrAtioo.«  »r>    tAkrn 

TontnU  Mrt^r      

^^^•fe  nrar  the  ground.    Thr  .».,.-•<*      tmrx  ood  o 


TO*. 


METHODISTS. 


fall  «no*  accurate  observations  were  begun  in 
1867.  U  34-4  inch**.  and  i«  fnirly  well  spread 
over  each  month.  A  fall  of  2*5  inches  in  a  day 
ooeuried  onlr  i 

In  tho  "  Annals"  of  the  French  Meteorologi- 
cal Offioa  for  1890  M.  Angot  discusses  the  obser- 
i  tnkon  niiniiltaneouslT  during  that  yearat 
the  Onlral  Meteorological  Office  and  on  tho 
KiftVl  Tower  for  the  study  of  the  variation  with 
height  of  the  several  netaorologiod  elements. 
The  reduced  barometric  pressure  was  lower 
every  month  on  tho  tower  than  <>n  tho  ground, 
the  probable  cause  being  the  great  diff«  -n  -n«  •«•  in 
the  Telocity  of  the  wind  at  the  t\v,.  stations. 
The  observations  made  at  the  throe  station-  ,.i. 
the  tower  allow  the  variations  of  temperature 
with  altitude  to  be  studied  with  great  detail,  and 
it  was  found  that  the  rate  of  diminution  was  far 
from  being  proportional  to  the  height  above  t  he 
kT-'und.  In  all  months,  at  the  middle  <>f  the 


nighttime.  the  temperature  increased  with  alti- 
tude, the  maximum  difference  occurring  at  a 
.  •  ..  ,u  t  500  feet  ;  it  then  decreased, 
at  first  slowly,  and  afterward  more  rapidly.  At 
about  1.000  feet  the  mean  rate  of  decrease 
nted  to  1-4*  C.  per  100  metres  (328  feet). 
Punng  the  middle  of  the  daytime  the  decrease 
of  tem|MTature  with  height  above  500  feet  is 
nearly  uniform  in  all  months,  being  about  1*6° 
each  100  metres.  Between  500  feet  and 
the  ground,  however,  the  decrease  showed  a 
marked  annual  variation.  During  the  cold 
season  the  difference  was  less  than  that  observed 
at  the  higher  level,  while  in  the  hot  season  it  was 
much  greater.  The  diurnal  variation  of  vapor 
tension  at  the  summit  of  the  tower  exhibited 
entirely  different  characteristics  from  those  near 
the  ground.  Generally  speaking,  there  was  only 
one  maximum  near  noon,  and  one  minimum 
between  the  evening  and  midnight.  During  all 
months  the  vapor  tension  was  less  at  the  top  of 
the  tower  than  near  the  ground.  The  diurnal 
variation  of  the  wind  exhibited  a  marked  mini- 
mum at  the  top  of  the  tower  during  the  day- 
time and  a  maximum  at  night,  being  the  re- 
Terse  of  what  is  observed  at  ground  stations. 

MET  II  n  I)  I  sTS.  The  summarized  statistics 
for  1895  of  the  several  branches  of  the  Methodist 
Church  in  the  United  States  are  as  follow: 


I.  MethodUt  Episcopal  Church.— The  sta- 
tttcaof  thi*  Church,  published  in  the  "Metho- 
dist Yearbook  »  for  189ft,  give  the  following  to- 


tals: Number  of  annual   conferee 

Collf,   !  •       .    l|l>;     ,,f    |! 

isters  in  full  connection  und  on  in,-, 
local  preachers,  14,896:  of  member-  in  full. 
645;  of  probationers  (for  member-! 

f  members  and  probation 
Sunday  schools.  30.264.  with  :ti?.HM 
teachers  and  2,580,973  pupils;  of  elmrcl 

dued at  $107,960.:!?  1:  of  ; 
valued  at  $16.649,302;  of  bap 

SI    of  children  and    li'.'.i.'J.'iti  of 
f  the  mil.  re  recorde.: 

ive,"  1,044  as  M  supernumerary."  ',.',0:.?  us  • 
annuated,"  and  l.itol  «>  «.n  trial.     The  ii 
of  members  and  probationers  during  tl 
was 76.506.    The  benevolent  c,,ninl- 
the    parent    Missiona 
•  s  and   sundries).   $1.1?} 
;  i  sion,$  180,781;  for  the  Sunday  school.  $M,. 
065;    for    the    Tract    Society.    > 
Freedmen's  Aid  and  Southern    K<lu<-ati< 
ciety,  $98,104;  for  education.  $1M.. 
American  Bible  Society.  - 
an's  Foreign  Missionary  Society,  $ 
the  Woman's  Home  MiV 
356.    Total  benevolent  contributions,  as  r 
from  the  conferences,  $2.105,020. 
contributions  for  ministerial  supp.  • 
bishops  and  presiding  elders).  $10.385,9' 
conference   claimants,   $278,158;    f«: 
and  improvements,  $4,379,307;  for       :       : 
edness  on  church  pro|>erty,  $1. 
as  the   present   indebtedness, 
current  expenses,  $3,680,698. 

The  Tract  Society  returned  ii 
year,  including  the  balance  from 
year,  as  having  been  $20,554,  and 
tures  as  $19,022.     The    society   ft; 
various  missions  of  the  Church  with  fir 
printing  religious  literature,  suppl: 
the  Annual  Conferences  for  use  in  t ) 
sions,  and  distributes  them  to  imn. 
mates  of  hospitals,   prisons,  and 
soldiers  and  sailors,  and   to  pastor 
regular  work.     One  million  fort  v-four  tl. 
two  hundred  English  and  200,000 Ge 
were  printed  during  the  year. 

The  year's  receipts  of  th'e  Sunday-school ' 
as  returned  in  its  last  published  report,  were  $8,- 
543 ;  and  its  disbursements,  $24,400.     T 
her  of  Sunday  schools  under  its  care  was 21 
— of  which,  besides  those  in  t  i 
899  were  in   Kurope,  2,35H  in    \ 
120  in  Mexico  and   South   America. 
among   immigrants— with  348,365  officers  and 
teachers,  and  i»..*»K».."i:{!i  pn] 

The  receipts  of  the  Hoard  of  I 
year  ending  Nov.  30,  1895,  were  $>•'• 
amount  of  loans  made  for  the  fiscal 
in  July,  1895,  was  $70,V 
loaned  from  the  beginning  in  .1 
1895,  was  $603,580;  average  am 
beneficiary,  $91. -M. 
and  ninety-three  students  wer- 
beginning'in  1873  to  the  close  of 
in  1895;  the  whole  number  of  stiul 
during  the  last  school  year  w.<< 
ferent  nationalities,  in  134 

The  57  colleges  and  universit  i- 
seminaries  for  young  women,  56  classical  i 
naries,  76  foreign  mission  schools,  4 


METflODim, 


ae 

.... 
•- 


the  year  on  the  fenermJ  fund,  avail- 

r  donation*  had  been  $171 J87;  on  tne  loan 

.4J01.  Three  hundred  Mid 

I  batn  declined  on  account  of  lack  of  fun,!. 

ftaanciaJ  consideration*.    The  board 

•mditional  rranU  to 

• 

IftWfco*  •othrr 

luont  MM!  $8,700  in  loan*.    Tho  amount  niadad 
on  hand  wa*  |6*MO.    A| 
iff  the  atvafaj  ot 
«of<  and  the  amme  amount  «a»aakad 

of  the  PratdoMB't  Aid 
Ml  Sooiat  Y  waa  held  in 

«i  and  19.    li«  aodatv  laid 
•!,-  Ifvarai  Ite*  i 

Kw.an-lh-l  rM*n,l«l  *:L>.-M...     I:-;---  mm 

' 


for  the  deU  of  the 
propriaUona.  I1JWWJU 


^enera**  in  colored 

^^Ht  *rh  rtndenu,  8,48ft.    Of 

i**,  prrjM.nt,^  f..r  n  Inbtrjr,  119;  in  m  : 
««rw.  9W ;  in  dtnUl  oonrw,  19 ;  in  pharma- 
^wtiaal  eoorM.  19;  law  atodenta.6;  in  manual 
MM!  trad*  fi*hrHt.  1JBM9  eolorati 


r  in 

MM 


MOHHWa^fUIMim 

•ft.  total  iMMpU  of  tW  WOM.^  Baw  Mh> 

••fMlllW  fl^wJV^BaftW  walMV  fa^al  •!••••> a^aMMflaaw/  |W     J      I          ••••A 
wyfflvIvBrv  ^^BVw^%7  •'^    w^ew  y™ iBaT  w^BBJiB^  HB  af  f|I^#  l^a^V. 

«|£^llj^i>A 

eWffWVi     4Wvw8Bl   -I  ttlv     I  faVafl    I       J      1         tHaMfc    aa  Af  ••••) 

'""       j!k  AaSSIt—^LJrrr    Tl>^ 

••••  wawf ^aw  wvre  in  i*e  pafBl  of  eBa> 


4«0,ofwhkn 


$*48300 


. 

-  T^t.  X  V         4 
It   MM  07 


44;  *o-    'til  flilil 
ioeliidinir    ariM  and 


.    For  Ut> 

n<*»  »o«»  it  BMfa 
$440,000.  of  vhfcfc  ItMjBOO  to  te 


of  UwG«»ral  Miariooary 

n  I>cnTrr 

>    and  U» 

m  debt  $3116.843.    The  reports  from 

.        .,   •       ........ 

HUT  1894  B*iTe,  to  the  lofwlfll 
d  991  M- 

n  of  the  \V 


I 

^;  1^55  loeml 

>aajb«n:  fitlS 

78»adh«m^  *dulu and 

«d  darin  .  1 


.Jfi^HM:   In  A fr:--a.  f.'-':     - 


484 


MF.THOIHSTS. 


auxiliaries,  780  young  women's  societies,  ami  771 
children's  bands,  with,  in  ail.  151. 1<U  in. 
The  Wesleyan  Home  for  children  ami  mission- 
aries ia  susUinexl  at  \  .lass. 

II.   M.ll i-t   I  p.seo,,.,!  <  lM.nl..  smith. 

•inrch    Kxlni-ii.il   Botfd    retried  at    its 
_:   in    May   that    tin-    collections    for    the 
t.l  nuifiiuitfNl  to  $53.5U3.  ami  that   $2,795 
had  been  retvi\  «-<l  from  legacies  and  special  <1<  >na- 
Tw.i  hundred  and  eighty-four  chuivhes 
haii  itecn  aided,  or,  including  toon  which  hail 
beenassisUHl  by  the  Conference  Board,  848  in  all 
The  whole  number  a  39  was  2,986. 

•  he  organization  of  the  Church  Intension 
v.  $889,566  had  been  raised  for  its  pur- 
poses, nearly  8,000  churches  aided,  and  more 
than  $3.500.000  in  church  property  added. 
I'.. >ar-  1  <>f  Missions  met  in  Louisvill. 
May  3  ami  4,  and  made  appropriations  of  $214.- 
548  for  sustaining  the  work  during  tin-  ensuing 
year.    Of  t  nt  $81.400  were  appropri- 

the  iM:-i..ii-  in  Brazil,  $31, 947  to  those  in 
s::«rj:,i  t..  the  Japanese  missions,  $26,- 
660  to  tin-  Central  .Mexican.  $15,807  to  those  on 
the  Mexican  bor  •:*  to  those  of  Xort  h- 

west  Mexico,  $17,500  to  the  Indian  missions, 
ami  the  rest  to  tin-  conference  missions.  The 
conferences  were  asked  to  contribute  $850,000 
to  the  support  of  the  next  year's  work.  Salaries 
were  fixed  at  $1,000  a  year  for  married  and 
r  single  missionaries  in  China,  Japan, 
ami  Mexico,  and  $l,l<x)  and  $650  in  Brazil; 
and  it  was  provided  that  after  ten  years  of  serv- 
ice, $100  should  be  added  to  the  salary  of  mar- 
ried and  $50  to  that  of  single  missionaries,  and 
that  the  allowance  of  $100  for  each  child  should 
be  increased  to  $150  when  the  child  is  five  years 
old.  An  effort  was  determined  upon  to  estab- 
lish a  new  mi— inn  sanitary  station  in  North 
China,  whore  missionaries  in  the  South  may  re- 
sort for  rest  and  recuperation. 

seventeenth  annual  meeting  of  the  Wom- 
an's Board  of  Missions  was  held  in  Meridian. 
Mia*,  May  10.  The  receipts  of  the  society  for 
the  year  had  been  $143,677,  and  the  expendi- 
tures $96,928,  leaving  a  credit  balance  of  $46,- 
754,  against  which  there  were  drafts,  etc 
able,  reducing  the  actual  balance  to  $22,360. 
Thirty-ei-ht  missionaries  were  supported  in  the 
foreign  field,  15  of  whom  were  working  in  ( 'hina. 
Mexico,  8  in  Brazil,  and  1  in  the  Indian 
Mission.  Nine  missionary  candidates  had  been 
accepted,  and  were  awaiting  appointments.  The 
missions  further  returned  109  teachers  and  help- 
ers, 12  boat-ding  schools,  40  day  schools,  1  hos- 
pital. 11  Bible  women,  ami  4,:J79  women  and 
children  under  instruction.  A  new  center  of 
work  had  been  opened  in  Guadalajara,  Mexico, 
ami  Centenary  College.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  was  to 
be  rauuied  to  Petropolis,  where  a  large  estate 
had  been  bought. 

The  Woman's  Parsonage  and  Home  M 
Board  reported  as  its  most  important  single  act 
during  the  year  the  determination  to  establish 
a  school  in  the  mountain-  ,.f  Kentuckv 
people  of  London  had  offered  a  site  and  '$15,000 
on  condition  that  $20.000  additional  be  raised 
asan  endowment;  and  the  affiliated  society  of 
the  K  onference  had  $5,000  in  hand 

for  the  building  fund.    An  agent  was  appointed 
to  canvass  for  the  endowment 


The  separate  existence  of  this  church 
begun  May  1.  L845,  In  the  city  of  L.misvi: 
ft  Jubilee  celebration  of  the  event  \\. 

11.;;  the  first   week    in  '  >.   under    I' 

pices  of  the  Church  I  r.»;ird  in  \\ 

place;   and  the  College  of  Bishops   ai 
Missi<  \ited  in  h»ld  I  heir  m. 

and    participate.     The   opening   address 
jubilee  was  made  by  Bishop  llen.i- 
lated  largely  to  tin-  'history  of  the  . 
.  f  the  Church  and  «>f  the  men  most  ; 
in    etl  dresses   were   «:• 

ftn'l    \\     rk    in    the    Church." 

.  -M.ss,,,,  ii.  c.  If, 

•nary  Secretary  :  "the  Church  I'n 

I     ll,,-s.  editor  ..f  the  "Chri 
cate "  (Nashville) ;  -  ivlu.  ati-n  in  ih.-(  : 
by  Dr.  \\.  \\.  Smith,  Beontat 

•Is,"  by  Dr.  W.  1) 
"The  Knworth  League,"  by  I'p-f.  C..I 
and  "Church  Extension,"  '*>  |)r-  ^ 
tarv  of  the  Board,  Bishop  Cranberry. 
(iailoway.  The  sum  of  $1«.7«S  wn- 
during  the  meetings  for  Chun-h  lv 

III.  Colored  Methodist  I  |.is,  .,,,.,1  (  h.irci.. 
— A  congress  representing  this  dim 

in  Atlanta.  (Ja..  Nov.  14  and   IT... -it  which 
were  read  by  the  bishops  and  ot  he: 
the  interests  of  the  Cnurch  ami  \ 
tions  relative  to  the  welfare  of  t  he  . 
Among  the  subjects  of  the  papers  wen 
Relations  of  Methodism  to  Society, 
on  the  Moral  and  Civil   Status  of  the  Negri> 
Race";  "The  Papacy  and  th-  UAOB"; 

"The  Debt  of   Methodism    to  Wot- 
Cause  of  the  Origin  and  Growth  of 
Methodist     Episcopal    Church    in 
'*  Methodism  as  a  Factor  in   Kduca* 
Intluence  of  its  Literature"  :  "  The  |: 
tern";  "The Relation  the  Colored  Chun -h 
sustain  to  the  Temperance  ( 'aiise  "  : 
acterand  [nfluenceof  the  Xeu'ro  I'nl] 
as  a  Missionary  Field  for  the  Color. 
"li'digious  Proclivities  and  Po-<il.i 
Negro  Race";  "What  the    I'.il.le  i 
for  the  Negro  Race  " ;  "  The  M ,  ,ra 
terial,  and    Intellectual   Development 
<>  Race,"  and  others  more  general. 

IV.  American    Wesleyan    (  hur.-li. 
fourteenth   i|uadrennial  session   of 
Conference  of  the  American  Wesle 
was  held  at  Fairmount.  Ind..  1 

The  Rev.  N.  Warder  presided.     \ 

nual  conferences  were  represented 

The  Pacific  Conference    had    In-come   • 

but  a  new  conference  had  beet 

Pacific  coast,  known  as  the  Willm. 

ence ;  its  delegates,  however. 

An  overture  was  sent  down  to  the  ; 

ferences,  making  it  unlawful  t< 

Church  persons  who  used   t< 

favoring  such  a  change  in   t! 

pline    as,  modifying   the    prohibit !• 

membership  in   &•< 

members  of  "  minor  "  bodies  of  that  class  to  ft 

miiiiion  in  the  ChurcJi.  was  f>r 

ably  upon  by  the  c-omm 

referred;  but  there  bj-inff  a  general  il 

conference  that  it  should  romn. 

the  subject,  the  paper  was  reported, 

it  was  rejected,  and  the  conference  express 


rtrfl!!.!..':      B  tittf    tfc 


r,     -    .  ,     , 


•la  an.!  ii •  prtttm*  thrrr. 

•  «••<•. -Tbi» 

mbra<*«   r  10v vii    AH  tm*l    OoofafW) 
L,    U*«-      I'.fualo,    1/TtMJlMI.    HA; 

*t"*finFitlMMl 

ufMWwv*.    Th. 

|  :•..-••          I." 

. ».. ...  i.tn  ,,       .  •    


Mi  ML  Tbi  iuv.  i%,ta  J  w^w.  uTjCS 


if«Bdi  at  <S^l»M<ffci 


v|  io«(BrlllMi>.- 

TW  foilowiof  if  tae  fvneral  funmanr  of  tb« 
rftEtBHtfcbaodaAJ  v.  . 


•!!  g 


iwi 


lHb«lw  Cbur^b  «r' 

TW  fifty. flflb    rrj  Commit!**  on 

MBMilnii  tfco«r«l  «»,.:,-  the  r,lu,  aiionaJ  work 
•MMaalljr  inainutnnl  vith  an  .  x j.  t>,!nunr»  of 
Mf»  a  ymr  rai«nl 
tk4a\  tbv  •|«^ial  rrgntrfmaaU  of  tb»  dri»rt      ' 
"»»t  h*  waj  of  UnMtoal    »*{ 

^llMWl^MkA    alkjl     !••  nan  •  i  i       lit         l>       I '-     •       I 

•*•        ••••• 

numt-r  «f  .lat 

•-•to  an-  <*Jaaoftbi 

*t'lk  afwiDlb17a.l7«.aftdtW 

*Tir 

€•      ••AWafii^n      ftffft      farMAf      ftmrltmjfa      gaaa   r>rt  -   ft     tKa\l 

^^^^^•^^*W      IH      1  f  rw^Mi       | If  UavOi     l^mW.M/»€lil     lIMM 

«dv  .larinc  tb*  jrmr.  an*l 

«MMm    Tbla  nowhrr  baa  DMQ  uoi*d»d. 
TU  *nnu*l    m*rt»n. 

nflBaw  HM^^*  •••  k^j  imt    •  t  f      i    »•>!  aa 

' 

-,  -....,  ,-,    . 

•«•  nrforted  of  tjttOI  MMibin  to  UM 


r*.< 


186 


METHODISTS. 


African  Conference  the  conference  replied  ad- 
versely to  recognition  m  relation  to oharcb  mem- 
bership of  any  diversity  of  administration  as  be- 
tween persons  of  different  races  or  color. 

A  ooniinittrf  appointed  by  the  conference  of 
18M  to  consider  the  steps  that  chnuld  l»e  taken 
in  order  to  main  larger  numbers  of  youths  in 
.11  n  h  recommended  a  scheme  for  the  for- 
mali.T  rt  was 

rafarred  to  the  district  synods.    The  Privileges 

!  \vith- 

.(•nnthe  Prims  Umister  and  the  lead- 
in  the  pi 

1'arliammt  «uh  representations  of  the 
Teniences  nonconformists  were  tttfaiiag   «i«h 
respect  to  burials,  marriages,  ami  other  n 
another  deputation  was  appointed  to  continue 
and  |«rvv»  the  rvprvs.  :  \  n  p.-rt  ..n  con- 

•he  M.  thodi>t  churches  of 
Great  Britain  affirmed  its  desirability,  and  rec- 
ommended f--r  submission  to  the  several  con- 


That  •  united  committee  be  annualh 

•.tiiirut  "t"  representative-  Mr  tin- 

j.ur|M.M-)*  «>f  mutual  defense  in  the 


following  proporti  Wesleyan  Method: 

Primitive   Methodist*.   8:    United    M.th<><li~ 
Churchea,  «;  Methodist  New  Conmvtion.  4:   Hihlc 
:tna,4;  Wcslcvan  Reform  Union,  1  :  In<l<j>cii.l- 
ent  McthodUtj*,  1.    That  it  is  desirable  that  a  Metho- 
dist yearbook  be  regularly  published,  and  it 
ferred  to  the  united  committee  to  consider  if  this  he 
practicable;  that  wherever  practicable  a  united  meet- 
r*  and  an  equal  number  of  the  n-i- 
reaentative  members  of  the  various  Methodist  ehurches 
be  held  once  a  year  for  devotion,  fellowship,  and 
counael ;  that  wherever  practicable  a  united  Metho- 
dist love  feast  be  held  annually  on  a  Sunday  after- 
noon; and  that  Whitsunday,  when  other  arran^c- 
meoto  will  allow,  be  choaen  for  the  purpose  a 
memorative  of  the  Pentecostal  descent  of  the  Holy 
Ghost.    The  committee  express  the  belief  and  hop* 
that  the  better  understanding  which  now  prevails  be- 
tween the  different  Meth-.'iiM  ohurrhcH  will  issue  in 
the  avoidance  of  the  unnecessary  multiplication  of 
chapeln,  enpeciallv  in  small  places,  and  rccoiiuncn.ls 
the  several   conferences   to   direct  their  n- 
chapel  committees  to  correspond  with  one  another  to 
promote  this  result  in  the  case  of  local  difficulty  and 
disagreement  that  may  arise. 

A  resolution  was  adopted  favoring  union  of 
all  parties  and  denomination  to  promote  new, 
unpolitical  legislation  relative  to  the  drink 
traffic. 

Ml.  Colonial  Wesleyan  MethodM 
(  nnrrhe*.— The  statistical  reports  of  the  South 
African  Conference  give  it  200  traveling  preach- 
ers. ££94  local  preachers,  58,897  members.  428 
Sunday  schools,  with  2.169  teachers  and  28,500 
pupils,  602  churches,  and  1,611  other  preaching 


• 

The  West  Indian  Conference  returns  111  trav- 
eling preachers  and  51.125  members. 

The  Australasian  Wesleyan  MHl.ndM  Omn-h 
rplurns 630  traveling  preachers  and  04,407  m.-m- 

MH.  Primitive  Methodist  Chnrch.-The 
statistical  reports  of  this  Church,  present*. 1  to 
the  conference  in  June,  showed  that  the  j 
number  of  members  was  196324,  an  increase  for 
the  year  of  593 :  of  class  leader-  flood 

preacher*.  16,728:  of  connectional  chapel? 
of  adherents,  604,100;   value  «,f    , -..nm-ctional 


r,  £8,708.143,   IIL-MMIM    which   st«>. 
btednessoi  i'i.«»77.vj«. 
The  Sunday  schools   numt-  \\iii 

62,066  teachers  and  462,856  pupils,  or  r,.:,-:,  , .„ .,, 
than  in  1M94. 

Thr  annual  IIUM-JIHL*  «-f  lli*1   I'riini' 
.li-t    V;  A  as   licld    in    1. 

:    Hull.  IM-. 
Thr  t  le  f«-r  ini-simmry  \\.-rlv  liad  UTD 

,!  ordiiuin 
-  '. :  1  In-  i-i 

fund.  '  <1    I'.v  tin- 

sions  and  approprial.-d  locally,  l'H).'.»5- 
money  raiscMi  by  tin-  African  iui--i 

lated  locally,  £1,710.     Nim-  h-.m-    mission 
stations  ha<l  become  indrpmdnii 
p.  .rtii  -mbers.    The  s 

ii  London.:!!  in  tin-  |«ro\  inc.-.  I  in 
•J  in  Scotland,  and  :'.  in    In-land.  with  an  s\-jw- 

gate  membership  of  5,625,  showing  an  n 
during  the  year  of  2*J1.  The  African  n 
included «'»  principal  stati-. 

s  l-iuropcan  iniui-t. •!•-.:'•  native  niiiiiM.M -.  i;  na- 
tive assistants,   40   native    local    ] 

leaders,  and  1.04(1  church  nn-inlH-rs.  all 
total  abstainer-.  An  increase  f,,r  i  ho  yearotB 
members  was  shown. 

The  conference  met   in  Edinburgh,  .In i 
The  Rev.  John  Wat-on   \\a- 
The  .loint  Committee  on  Union  of  t 
Methodists  and  the  Bible  Christians  iv)>orta^H 
the  conclusion  arrived   at    in   the  two   nicedBlj 
that   had   ln-.-n   held  dnrint:  t  he  year,  that  ^B 
were  so  many  features  in  which  the  t  wo  <'huroBl| 
were  alike  that  in  the  event   of  union   neither 
would    be    recjuired    to    make    any 
change,  while  in  other  respects  sliirht  differe^B 
existed  which  could  easily  be  adj 
serious  diflferences  were  very  fe  nniii- 

of  the  Church,  in   ca<e   union  was  carried  ^fc 
the  committee  sugget  i»\terian  MetlH 

dist  Church"  or  "Methodist   Union  Charaw 
Resolutions  were  adopted  approving 
union  as  an  ulterior  object  to  l>c  sought  a^H 
all  the  "minor"  Methodist    1  rrv9t\ 

ments  were  made  for  enlarging  Mai 

l\.  United  Mothodisl    Free  Chnrcl 
The  summary. of  the  statistical  ietu 
body,  as  presented  to  the  annual  assemhnM 
July,  is  as  follows:  Number  of  itinerant  ms» 
J:J5:  of  local  preachers,  :J.::71  :  <>f  loa^H 
3,378;  of  jneinl>ers,  80.149;  of  per*' 
for  membership,  H.M4 :   of  cliapels.    1 
preafhinir  r.-oms,  246;  of 
with  25,800  teachers  and  206,783  pupi. 
increase  for  the  year  of  1.236  was  shown  infl 
numlKjr  of  members.    During  the  year  Sf\ 
persons  had  been  admitted  to  membership. 

Reports  were  made  in  the  assoml. 
in p  the  operations  of  the  book  i 

f  and   Loan   funds,  A^hville  < 
the  Theological  Institute 
had  been  obtained  toward  £20,000  to  build  ami 
endow  a  theological  coll« 

The  n-port    of  the  deaconesses' worl 
that  it  had  grown  in  the  con  fid- 
nection.and  was  well  and  universally  supf^^H 
The  expenditures  had  been  £!' 

The  thirty-eighth  annual  meeting  in  behalf 
of  the  home  and  foreign  missions  was  held  i 


vftwmt  m»rt*     >«w'iw»wwv 

•         ...  ..'..•        ... 

tit.       'I  l.r  III 

»|y  woulil  Kt*r   »t»  hrartt  Mainti--n  l--r  -f 

hue*  of  policy,  deck 

..nau-a   had   l«»t,   affected    I.)  Mflk 


I  depweaioo,  that  m<Yntr.l  America    Ua»  limit  of  a  »ub*er>  ei. 

The  proepect  in  Sierra  Leone    yean)  be  eo  Modiied  tkot  a  akafcu 


' 
iaelnii-ii->M  ..f  th,- 


nii-ii->M  ..f  th,-  >.  UM  ptopl   •  '  !•  •   ol    •    '  • 

•-1,1,-H   f,,r  th.    - 
ted.  tofvther  -, 

-I  Christian    Maple  July  31.    Tb*  K*r.  Jufco  TV*»».  <4  : 
Hiarit,  nrtabli&hea  a  »y«tem  of  r.--u!nr  instate-    AmOalia.  «a«  eaa«i«  |«wMtM.    A»  MM 

' 


An  rtpttoni  f;  •  .  -  . 

Hi  one  of  jrreat  IMTI! 

W.K-  i.  the    eoiM»fBiB(  the  ratotioM  ol  tke 

•  W  h«.l  brt-ll   rniliiriitl)    •atl'.fn.         •!.-«»,  r 

on  »taff  at  the  foreign  and  col-        XI. 
Brined  of  79  miMioiMriea  and    portaof  lhie< 

>f  prrarhrfv.  WaH  •!•!  ri>  &4I 

hurch  raembera.  9,488  on  trial. 

pnaohiDK  |...     .  -     •     •  •    • 

nlay  erhooU.    The  whole  nunv 

ign  membrn  waa  7MJ»I3. 

i  had  been  £91,004,  and  the  ei- 


on  ftiren  wbjecU.    Counwl  to 
quaitkw  had  been  rrfrrred  whether 

lie  dUlrirt  rocm.     pelied  jfrralrr  ttMditnr*.  in    iiliii|iiii  I  of 


Mai  an.l  a~«ml.lv  .  -oiinnit-     which  a 

v.  aa  wa«  now  the  nrartice.    The  rrport  of  the  eJMi|nl  «ect»' 

at  flEna  had  bofflj  rmieed  MM  tke  yev  Ibr 
apmral  b    the    church  baiidtay  naryo^.  wkfti  ffJM  till  fceea 

MMBblv.dr.-Ll.Vl    that    ui,. 


IttlM  final  de 


II 

..MManted  to  the 
eoafcroBce  m  Joaa,  c*v.-  UM  lotaJi  d    •  . 

mintoer^   908 :    looal    pwachem    U« : 

membrr,.  :«..ci  (yeart    ,..,.,    ', 
--M  (tner«o«e,  ( 

•btr  of'the  cirruiu'  ivtunied  «n  in 


nembmhip,  it  wai  neutnUiard  by  a    IbecnafW*  •  '•fT 

MB^  of  in  othenTchirfly  in  the  Iriek  aad    ***** *£$&  ^  raTSriffffl. 
*  for  Foraicn  MtekNMu  £4JM.  fell    Ckwrck  wOl  Waporty.   TVranNliea 


468 


of  the  conference  sssskm  WM  devoted  to  the 
esfebration  of  the  one  hundredth  year  since  the 
birth  of  Jam**  Thome,  one  of  the  founders  of 


Com  in  n  nirat  ion*.  —  There  were  6,284  miles 

of  railr  .!•:-  in  ..|..-rati.-n   in  ls'.i.~>.     All  the 
lines  are  now  completed,  l>ut  l.ran.  I 


UM  denomination.  Sept.  1.  1705.    The  General    are  in  progress.    The  bridges  and  other  ; 
ONBmittee  was  instructed  to  prepare  regulations    nent  works  on  the  Tchuantej.ee  line.  !.' 


for 

t<>  Uv  t 
\ll. 


of  women  into  i  hur.-h  courts,  and 
before  UM  next  conference. 

Wr*leyan  R«'f"ini  I  iii.m  rv,,,,rt. 

175  Sunday  schools  with  2,908 

...:-.-...  ..-.  H  .  MM  .  hanhttand 

Ml  ,iidmt     Methonist    and 

In,     «.OS,M|    <  himhrx     ha%-    ::in    travdmj; 
ers.  YAM  members,   r.1  1  Sundav  >.-li....|s 

7        131 


..4  and  other  preaching  places. 

>1  I  XK'O,  a  federal  republic  in  North  Amer- 

ica.   The  Senate  consists  of  56  members,  2  from 

each  State,  elected  indirectly  for  four  years,  and 

i  IIIM  of  Representatives  of  -JJ7  members, 

1  to  -40,000  inhabitant*,  elected  for  two  years  by 

-uffratf-.  The  President  is  elected 
electoral  college  for  four  years.  The  Presi.l.  -m 
for  the  term  ending  Nov.  80,  1806,  is  (J,-.,.  I  >. 
Porflrio  Diaz.  The  President's  Cabinet,  consist- 
Ing  of  secretaries  of  state  whom  he  may  appoint 
an  I  remove  at  will,  was  composed  in  1805  as 
follows:  Foreign  A  Hairs.  I.  Muriscul:  Interior. 
Gen.  Gonza  .  .Justice  and  Public  In- 

I.  Baranda:  Foment  o.  Fernandez 
Leal;  Finance  and  Commerce.  .1.  I.  Liinantour; 
Communications  and  Public  Works.  Gonzalez 
Cosio;  War  and  Marine,  Gen.  P.  Hinojosa; 
Treasurer,  P.  Espinosa. 

<ommerre  and  Production.  —  The  chief 
products  of  Mexico  are  silver,  lead,  gold,  copper, 
cinnabar,  iron.  tin.  onyx,  and  other  metals,  ores, 
and  minerals;  henitpien  and  other  fiber  plants  ; 
coffee;  cotton;  tobacco;  oranges  and  other 
fruits  ;  wheat  and  corn  ;  mahogany,  ebony,  rose- 
wood, orchil,  sarsaparilla,  and  other  woods  and 
forest  products  ;  and  cattle  and  horses  and  ani- 
mal products.  The  commerce  with  different 
countries  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1804,  was 
as  follows,  in  Mexican  dollars  : 


i  • 
QmtBdUla 


;  • 


"ass 


I00.MO.OOO 

ii  .:.»••..! 

2,487,000 

4'H.MNI 

BMjaj 


$19,848,000 


The  values  of  the  principal  exports  were :  Pre- 
cious metals,  $46,484,000;  coffee,  $11,766,000; 
heniquen,  $6.710,000;  hides,  $24256,000: 
SfJRS8'000''  0°PPer.  $1.980,000;  tobacco, 
$1.755,000;  vanilla,  $1,184,000;  ixtle,  $042,000 ; 
gtuns,  $808,000. 

Doriog  the  fiscal  year  1898-»04  there  were 

SJS8  vnmU  entered  at  Mexican  ports,  of  an  ag- 

:•"".•        vr  whJoha.98 

were steameri, of  2^89,768  tons.  The  total  nun. - 

£L€L1T1!? clmred  WM  8'911>- of  2'889»5^ 

tons, ofwhich  8^47 were  steamers, of  2,540,048 

!KLi!?S,lllerell<int  "***  numbere 
of  which  47  are  steamers. 


•  rnnient.  are  about  com) 
The  length  of  new  railroads  under  cotisi; 
is  6,01-1  mile-. 

The  number  of  domestic  letters  ai.d  p.-t«l 
cards  that  passed  through  the  post  ofiH 

J6,211,715;  the   nu.m 

intheinternatioi  ,  ,mt. 

alrei.  $1,858,848,  ami 

354.     Internal  postage  rates  have  b« 
and  the  money-order  and  parcels-post  stj^H 

•  Mended. 

The  telegraph-  in  .lum-.  iv»:,.  had  a  tod| 
length  of  :il».l'.»:{  miles,  of  which  26,152  milea  U- 
longed  to  the  Federal  Government  and  tl 

to  individual  States. 

The  Arnn    ami    Navy.— The   military  f.,n-.- 
consist  of  the  active  army,  its 
general    reserve.     The    strength    of    the    actftB 
army  on  the  peace  footing  in  1805  was 
lows:  Infantry,  comprising  :',(»  battalions  and  a* 
many  nnln-*.  3  auxiliary  battalions.  1    b,v 
of  pioneers,  and   the  invalid  rorps  1 
ana  22,4o7  men:  artillery,  comprising  4  hattal> 
ions  of  6  batteries  each,  1  battalion  of  • 
artillery,  and    1    squadron   of  train.    1M 
and    'J.i'JO    men:    cavalry,   rompi-i-ii 
ments,  1  corps  of  gendarmes,  6  au\ 
and  0  divisions  of  rural  guards,  703  office  i 
10,276  men;  total  effect  i' 

B  men.    The  peace  effective,  inelud 
reserves,  i*  60  general  officers,  3,600  11 
and  45,000  men,  with  7,000  horses  and  8J0 
mules.     The  war  effective  is  about   !' 

The  fleet  consists  of  2  avisos,  *J  old 
and  1  school  ship.    There  are  buil 
class  torpedo  boats. 

Finances.— The  revenue  of  the  I 
ernment  is  chiefly  derived  from  import 
internal-revenue  "duties,  stamp   duti 
Federal    contribution,    which    is   an   additional 
duty  levied  on  all  taxes  collected  by  the  states. 
The  States  levy  excise  duties  and  direct  taxes. 
The  bndp-t  of  the  Federal  (iovernment  for  1895- 
'06  estimates  the  total  revenue  at  $4  l 
which  customs  produce  $20,475,000 : 
contribution,  $1,650,000;  direct  -1,460.- 

000;  posts  and  telegraphs,  $1,775,000;  the  mm 
$1,100,000;  stamps,  $15,624,000;  ta 
-alaries,  $1,050,000;  and  other  sources,  > 
000.    The  total  expenditures  are  est 
$44.'-'  ;    which    ^l.(M).r),6;J8  are    I 

for  the  Sni  , 

lations,  $2,607.301  for  the  Interior  ! 

.'.828  for  justice  and  edu 
for  financial  administration,  * 

nal    d.'bt.  i    for  il,.-   i 

$4,6< >•"».< '»:!!'  for  »-oinniunieaiion>  and  j 
and  x  J  for  the  army  and  i: 

The  public  debt  .,n  .June  :;n.  ]y»|. 
$108,488,000  of  foreign  Ion 
interest  mostlv).  and  $65,s 
inp  internal  obligations  and  $1  - 
no  interest.    The  burden  of  the  for- 
doubled  since  the  decline  ins 
exchange  amounting  to  as  much  as  the  fonnei 


MICH  10  AH. 

•.«  low  price  of  tilver  bat    taken,  but  fougbt  tbrtr  tannin  bofore  iboi 
iction  and  mii-.n-.  an.l  K,  r%      ,    . 

inVmoTott          •          .       :          '          M     I       .:  '..       ..-.    !       .  -    -  -       ..         , 

•I  enipped  tbem  bnok  lo  ib*  la** 
none were  left  but  tbe  ear**** 

tobaooo  and  maiiufa*  luring    tier* 

.-«ll.r.|    HI. 


til 

re  been  Dearly 

a  in  ibe  budget  u    engaged  in  i 
••  in  tbe  oc/roi  •yeteiu  ai> 
apaoml  Ux  on  Government    fioiebed  tu  work  in 


or  money  and  inmanot  of  Sutra.    Of  tbe  atone  awoi 

M-iMirm.-  stai...  <  ,,|.  Pmrij'i  rnmrnnoiiai  In  INP-'n  aonie  bad 

end  to  tariff  diMTtmina-  « li**|>|irarv^ I  and  tome  tbot  etlH  flood  wojofbam 

''ISrtS!!*  I*?5Lto  r1^^  made  by  lb*  imo  <  ^m»«<i  "  UmX 

e  traooporUtion  of  goodm,  it  wa»  »ti|mUlnl  tbat  j-r.  t-rt »  title*  ebonld  not 

A  omitmV  •-    ••     u  ktoji   -.     •  .  *  .      •• 

.ml  a  treatjn aTccm-  error  wo.  found  m  Vow  Mexfc.  tool  treoomm 
IW-lgium.    TbeMei- 
propoertf  amendment*  to 

.lit 


nty  .ith  the  United  Slate*,  OOequare  miho  in  ibe  lower  f«n  u/iWColoraeV 

>  legal  proceeding,  nteamary  deatrt    Tbe  new  boundary  run*  an««i»  tW 

and  ahortonad.  and  to  main  boamom  etreet  of  ibe  town  of  Xeflalm, 

•ntrnH.nc  partiat  to  deliver  Tbe  oommaveon  repiared  ibe  of  early  bommV 

tmeeapinet  ary  mooejaMteaadereoUd  IM mora,  A  meoml 

njdeborinf  repot  r,.  eommimioii  began  early  m  laW  tbe  enreef  of 


firen  Utely  t<.  muiitarr  lnn»Utk>n.    tbe  boundary  line  aloeig  IM  Bio 


TO  been  taken  eepeotallr  againet  Kl  Paeo  do* 

of  cboleraand  >fll<>.  frtrr.  mnl  MITHMtAN. 

•i  hospital,  the  I'nion  Jan.  *  Imtt;  area. 

of  |tatienta  euffering  from  con-  milom,    Too  population,  aomnUn, 

r.wntlya.i  :I1MT  m 

•  itith  bunder*  1810:  »7Jft4  In  1«0:  7«.IIS  in  1MB;  I.IM.. 

mmovoment    IlMbonatmn  Ml  i  UN 


ibtnoflUao.    0»  in  1870;  I  JMJn7  in  IM:  and  fjnajnw  in 
•bop  are  w     IHOa 

451    Capital.  I  •namg. 


ot  neigoed  Mar  II.  baring  been  aleolee)  lo  CVo> 

m  grojo  to  April  to  eiBBiid  Uoiied  moMaftiiH  r 

at  ekct  J.  crBnnofrji; _J. JL  MaU^btni  b3  tbo 

n*  antnff  l^eMnenaoA  ooeomor/s  r^vcvMary  09  ^^^^H 


»  '•         in  meat.-' 

to.  bordering  on  British  Hondura*.  it  a  dbtrict    onVen   dunni;  thr  year:  Goven 

aiflMv'   bv  ll»«    \l    v      In  lit          i     vhtr»k   wl  it        Rk«l 

(^^^M^^MM^MB^^^^* 
• '  •»  rrnnirni 

M  o,nrtrtn,.|    !!•    r   r  .•  '       ,•    .  :•    :    ' 

tbe   aborigine^.    In    18M   tbe   Mayai 

'  artn«with  ti 
ntmn  of  fordbly  regaining  their  hereditary 

•«,  left  llao*.    kinaon :"  Audit- 
nvade  tbe  disputed  dirtrirt.    Sereral    General. 

i-an  enldienr.  and  tbe  Minu4er  of  War    General 
M«trh  tronpe  enough  to  tbe  apot    Mean 

ling.:  Pood 

•n    of  An  erica  a    Vrwa.— A    aoce  Cooiaiiejliair.  Tbrroo  K.  Oblmmjp.  Und 

Omunlmt  ^nHi:  ^oto  Tat 

•hamuii  -»,-t     amtfillri*  -'«*< 

«ar  TUhualiU  •  iiQO  oegror*  to  farm     *ionrr.  C\  IL  Mora*;  FWb  ami  Onme  < 

u    lia«t»;  Bank  Oemmmmm 

uibtv.  ami  all  tbeat  prored  •  dbtrwuud :  CmmtJ 

^: 


he  colony  wa« 
Umaand  Geonria.  bot  oo  rmrv     Hooker.  Joej»f 


n  by  tbe  agvnta  wb«  l'l«a»reo»— F 

>  rrt  c,.n»|*trnt   j-r-.t^      \S  -  ,  • 

^«»T    fvllll    I        «»r»      I        »    lUl  -li  J— . i         -^    k^fc.1    t^M     Ot 

twMa  ram  DUI  nine  ana  were  ai«- 

orange  dbwoe«  tbatbrok7o«t 

their  old  bomea.bnt 
Ion  in  tbe  Maplmi  dmrL    Tbey  were  orer- 


MICHIGAN. 


189ft  and  $1.171.000  for  1«*    !**?•»*•  **** 
from  the  appropriations  of  180$,  which  were  t<> 

.:.•.  .  •  rnojuoja  Hi 

1,4*1   apportionment    for  taxes   for  1805  was 
mMMMM. 

*SeWral  eonntke  having  held  hack  tax 
land  to  have  been  collcrtrd  and  due  the 
the  State  petitioned  as  a  U*t  for  a  mandamni  to 
compel  BswOonnlv  to  pay  it*  claim,  amounting 
to  $111A40.»4.    The  county  alleged  that  a  large 
«»  iaidur  it  from  the SUfe,  and  that  in  1884 
H»  treasurer  «.m.neoasly  accepted  $'.- 

full  amount  due  the  county  was 
wrrmneh  larger.  The  ease  was  settled  in  favor 
of  Uw  Slate  by  the  Supreme  Court . 

Belnrna.— Besides  the  statistics  of 
_,i  given  by  the  census  of  1894.  sum 
m  the"  Annual  Cyclopaedia"  for  that 
jMT.it  ha,  afforded  other  details,  »howin>;  the 

<f  indu«ri«  and  product.,,,.  giv< 
fwUetin*  issued  by  the  SecreUry  .  1805. 

Under  the  census  law  every  establishment  of 
productive  industrv.  including  mines  and  fish- 
iris*,  m  which  the  value  of  the  products 
amounted  to  $000  or  over,  was  to  be  reported. 
Tne  total  number  of  .nduMrial  establishments 
of  all  kinds  reported  is  8312;  capital  invested, 
$3M;t56j205:  value  of  materials  used.  $125,748,- 
110;  value  of  productions,  $287^57.772.  The 
average  number  employed  is.  Adult  males,  146.- 
153:  adult  females,  15,650:  boys,  8,482;  girls, 
355.  The  total  wages  paid  during 
reported  at  $60.188,142  :  t  he  average  daily  wages 
paid  to  skilled  mechanics.  $1.00 ;  to  ordinaryla- 
borers.  $1.20.  Compared  with  the  census  re- 
tares  for  1884,  there  is  an  increase  of  88  in  the 

1.1*1    in   the 

capital,  of  17.226  in  the  number  of  males,  and  of 
7474  in  t  ho  number  of  females  employed,  and  of 
in  the  wages  paid.  The  number  of 
'  ee  returned  for  this  census 


in 


bM0t  fewer  than  in  1884. 

'arm  of  leas  than  8  acres  was  reported 


$200  worth  of  produce  was 
actually  sold  from  it  during  th<-  census  year. 
The  number  of  acres  of  farms  in  the  State  is 
I5J06J97H.  or  42  prr  <  land  area. 

In  the  upper  peninsula  they  con^inm-  5  per 
«snU    The  number  of  farms  reported  is  178,051. 


of  farms  reported 

The  average  site  is  about  8*46  acres  less  than  in 
1884.  An  average  of  67-86  per  cent  of  the  total 
arm  in  farms  is  improved.  The  area  in  farms 
mcnaeH  in  the  four  yean  from  1880  to  1884 
UM4J86  acres,  or  more  than  2*  times  the  in- 
eteme  in  the  ten  years  from  1884  to  1804.  The 
tine  of  hfsM,  including  land,  fences. 


.  land,  fences,  and 
to  be  $88340.503.  compared 
in  1884.  The  average  Value 

ferer  ^  $88.48,  and  in  }8H  $84.54. 

TW  ftafc  totals  of  the  dairy  statistics  f. 

yenrenoing  June  1.  1804.  are  as  follow:  Total 


!!  *        ' 

all  milk  and  cream  sold  from  farms, 

**i  *****  made  on  (arms.  48.05U78 
»;  cneeet  made  on  farms,  206.660  pounds. 
T»immb.Tofchk*et>sin  the  State  W  1, 
»«*»7».«M78;  geese,  75,- 

" 


TV  yi^ 


r.f  Acres  of  clover  mnwetl  wan  Oil.. 
rm««dow*  other  than  clover.  1^" 


hay  was  1^88,185  torn,  and 


..f  meadows  other  than  cl<\-r  ].; 
Thr  number  of  silos  .him-  1.  \^'.<\,  u 
»  rap 

«f  corn  raised  for  silage  in  1808  was  ; 
The  number  of  births  in  the  year  rndin. 

inorease*  : 

jit.  (•'•lupared  with  tin-  r.umbcr  in  it 
endinir.lunr  1.  i  nuinlter  of  Mr1 

each  1,000  inhaliitai 
rhildrcn  the  numU-r  of  male  t-hildi. 

The  proportion  of  the  native  j^pulatj. 
become  oarents  is  about  one  fourth  less, :. 
I  he    fnreimi  Imrn  <»ne   ninth   more,  in   tl,. 
than  in  the  country. 

The   total    Dumber   «.f   illiterate   person 

old   and 

whom  ?0,??'3  can  neither  read  n<n 
24,265  can  read  but  can  not  \\r\\ >•.  I'.\  t  i 

:    L884  the  total  was  111 
|K>rtion  of  native-horn  illiterates  i- 
1.000,  and  of  foreign  born  84  in  each  1.' 

The  total  male  population  aged  • 
years  and  over  (voting  age 
020,  of  \vh»tn  ::t.545  can  not  read  <>r 

si.ite  Insiitntioiig.— A  large  ap|»r..p: 
was  ina«li-  this  year  for  the  new  insane  n 
at  Newberry.  It  is  desired  to  erect  H 
buildings  within  the  next  two  years.  On  the 

iiundation  of  the   Board   of  < 
ami  Charities,  the  law  under  which  pri\ir 
.in-  authori/ed  to  maintain  ci-rtain  i: 
as  State  patients  was  so  amended  n 

n-p.  <  lion  as  to  the  treatment  and  - 
such  patients  before  bills  for  their  maim 
are  allowed. 

The  number  of  criminal  insane  at  Ionia  was 
196  at  the  close  of  the  biennial  p.-ri-.d.  and  the 
average  population  for  the  term  184.     During 
that  time  102  were  admitted,  of  whom 
women. 

Since  the  opening  of  the    State    put-lie    - 

in   1874,  nearly   :5.?00  children    have   be- 
oeivecL    There' are  now  about  200  at  tin 
and    1  350   boarded   or   placed   in   famili 
under  its  supervision. 

The  State  Home  for  the  Feeble-mind 
Kpileptic.  at  Lapeer,  was  declared  ready  f 
recci.tion  of  patients  in  An 

There  were  570  inmates  at  the  Im, 
May.      From  July  1. 
furniture   factory  at  the   institutior 
profit  of  $17,600. 

I  duration.— An  abstract  of  the  < 

:•  nt  of  the  I'niversity  of  Mie). 
Legislature  gives  the  following  fi^u; 
year  ending  June  80,  1H 
$848,753.08,  and  the  disburses 

he  year  ending  June  :.<».  ls'.»4.  tin  r 
were  $445,801 .01.  and  the  distn, 
7^I«.n  :  which,  after  covering  the  d, 
1803,  left  a  balance  of  $-1 

In  the  Ii-.  irtment  «UM>  .Mi- 

;  $28,015  in  Pees  thi-  reai 

$22,788.     In  the  n 
Mirci'-al  department  101  Miehi- 
$6^40,  and  183    nonresidents    *v770.     In   tho 
law  department  21-")  students  «,f   Michiira1 

'.and  443  nonresidents  paid  s 
the-  pharmacy  department  :^5  Michi- 
paid  $1.205,  and  42  nonr  :  -aid  $2,295. 

In  the  homoeopathic  school  10  Mi<higa 


Minn 


|M»I«!  a*f, 

stodr: 


a*f,IJQBjb 


,  declaring  that  the  system 

in  the  ordain-    ;,»» 

:.  *.'..        r 


. 

UfwfltioB  of  UM  CosmsBissKMsvc  he  kat 
^••0****    TWcstffcasrof  ia«ba*k. 

•V^m^M!*1  *  "* 
Hhk-  iiimJ  ^ 

• 

• 


Uhor 
the  ymr  1^4      h  ..,.. 


l,  summer  .11,1  that 

college  .hall  be  allowed 

fur  manual  Inl  regu. 

w  such  Ubor  shall  U- 
rulty  <>f  the  college  equally  \  al- 
regular required  labor  n 

rv  of  1MU.1  j  r  farmers' 

Thr  l.aii.1  <  o,n!ni>.i..|i.  r's  r. 


r--    «... 
.. -f  $34,790.96.   The 
year  there  has  been 
.-omit  ..f  trespass  on 


A   grral   strike  wa.  oo  at    L 
Negannee  in  Ih*  SUMSBST  abowl 

•k. 


protection  of  the  »ilitiT    By  the  eaTaf 


amount   of  iiruuiiuniB  •   ~~\   — — .  - 

ring  1804  was  $4.530  -    u"'i<<r  protection  of  the  militia. 

•  ••I   wrr.     fj .11.  L*,.  1  I 'J  "7 

received  was  $215.000 
I   loam  w,  r.  *i.:;7i. 


the  month  as  many  as  tOOpoftW  Unkm  «m 
t*  v^wlk,  the  MaoVvx  visa  vaw  W0 


;-iuiT  has  been  ordered  to  ducontinur 
liMinin.  AI.  .  .  n  fiuth<>ri/r.l  t.>  .{0  buiii- 

•1   nmnv  mutual 
t«jnes8  throughout  the  PI/ 

•In-  life  companioa  shows  that 
r  level  premium 
•  v*  in  thr 
•-  year  was  39.  being  2  in  pxctw  . 

the  year  previous.    The  business 
tran«^-t«xl  br  then  .-.-!.  n-anu-  wn-  MS  (bUows: 

<k>n  of  a  physieini 

Usttfr  mme  up  in  a  t»k  to 

annul  a  Uiyp  |  hi  K'n.uii.l    that    thr 


annu    a      iyp 
annlicant  I, 


taken  back  to  wofk.  the 
Ls^stUti 

an.l  ,  r,.i.-i  MAT  /!       •  •• 

99  ReDublicans  and  1   1 

dates  for  the  oftVe  of  fnitrd  .,, 

made  vacant  bv  the  dat4h  of  r 

-  mimranfy  fliM  by  John  PafU*.  Jr,  veM 
.lulitt-  (  .  Iturmw*.  Schuylrr  H.  C»kK  Jolui  Pal- 

r..    JA>     HuMr:i.    » 

31  r.  Hurrows  was  eieeted^  receivia^g  TO  vvtes  asj 
the  second  baliot  la  the  CSMSML    flsssMar  Mr 

'  Tl^Le^s^urepasaedMOfleM^aHa.  7W 

• ,    ..  ••    •  .   • 


B>iis^»liC  sirtsaiji  b«k. 
at   the  solicitation  of  Uw  ~**m~r+l 
m  of  the  Stale.    It  wa«  to  easiyet  all 

oeive  them,  eioeol  Mok  m  Isifwki  tMrdHrtavi 


rranv  ,,U,M,, .,„.,.,,  th-    gfo  .1    i 
,'s  relations  to  his  (HUient  are 
he  could  not  be  compelled  to 
ailments  with  wlurh  hi. 
•  1.    Th«-  attorney  held  that  Un- 
as iv  monal  matters. 
the  n-                law  phyv 

refrard  to  anv 
matters  or  that  ad- 
judge rulwl  that  the 

*  Bank*,— The  «avi 

; 

•f  more  than  $3.500,000 
^•tar  i.r  ntral  Michigan 

••  The  total  aswte 

tarn, 

$8Jfc\«W.95.     Of  ihis  amount   thr  r.    .     • - 

$4tt,81&M'  m  this  amount. 


prtvUagi     r»  •  •  ,- 

.    • 

Several  laws 
asioag  tbawi  i 


Iff 


MICHIGAN. 


|fce  SMS  Of  SSVSO  Sod  ftixUttO  in 

ftxtrtoen 
lUMwal  and  taeonftbls  tru- 

i  U  ooi  to  cxcwd  the  average 

•••••• 


• 


A  number  of  amendments  were  made  t«-  the 
rrwrml  ta*  law.  one  forbidding  the  record 
tdltd  until  a  certificate  is  presented  showm,: 
to*  t«*r*  wv  no  ta*  liens  or  titles  held  l.y  1 1... 
HUfte  or  by  any  individual,  and  that  all  taxes 
nave  bs*n  paid  for  UM  five  yean  preceding  tho 
etoe  of  the  instrument. 

An  imporum  art  wat  one  relating  to  lobby. 
It  provide  that  every  person,  or  private  or 


{Site  corporation  employing  agents  or  counsel 
Sail  cause  them  to  be  registered  in  a  d 
kepi  by  the  sergeants  at  arms  for  such  purpose, 
SSkk  or  her  address,  and  tho  bill  heto  inter- 
n.  and  no  person  shall  be  allowed  to  ap- 
before  any  committee  unless  his  name  ap- 
pears on  the  do> 
^hihin  thirty  days  aftor  tho  adjournm- 
the  Lejtalttne  •  detailed  statement  of  all  ox- 
peases  paid  or  incurred  in  connection  with  the 
•opToyreent  of  legislative  counsel    or   agents 
•net  be  filed  with  the  Secretary  of  State. 

Petitions  were  sent  in  asking  that  an  amend- 
ment autboriitajr  prohibition  be  submitted  to 
the  voters,  and  a  resolution  to  that  effect  was 
introduced.  Amendments  of  the  li.pmr  law 
re  proposed— one  to  provide  for  the  recovery 
actual  and  exemplary  damages,  and  one  by 
the  friends  of  tho  liiiuor  interests  for  a  uniform 
$400  tax  Uw.  IMBSM  of  the  existing  law  of  ftfOO 
for  sale  of  malt  and  frfX)  for  that  of  spirituous 
liquor*.  A  uniform  tax  of  $500  was  imposed. 

the  laws  affecting  elections  was  the 
law.  forbidding  the  name  of  a 
initiated  by  two  or  more  j 
from  appearing  more  than  once  on  the  official 
ballot.  The  constitutionality  of  this  law  was 
nejsstinnsl  and  a  test  ease  was  brought  before 
the  Supreme  Court,  v  led  in  favor  of 

the  Uw.  The  candidate  may  choose  the  tieket 
he  prefers;  in  default  of  notice  from  him.  he  is 
to  be  entered  a*  the  candidate  of  the  party  first 

Mate  tax  statist ieian 
to  March  1, 1897 
to  make  the  continuance 


upon  the  next  Legisbr 
i  newspapers  of  the  Stat 
in  tbs  libel  Ms,  and  changes  were  made,  though 


'•,-v      ,        :•:-•.  •  .-.  - 


not  to  the  extant  desired. 

A  "pars-food"  Uw  was  enacted. 

A  new  factory-inspection  Uw  retains  tho  im- 
portant parts  of  the  Uw  of  1808  and  im-ludes 
The  employment  of  « hil- 

the  prisons  were  introduced, 
•yvfem,**  as  practiced  in  some 
wms  adopted.    If  a  convict  has 
I  Mi  tern  or  the  minimum  seir 
•n^tfctOowner  may  release  him  on 
on  reeoninModaUon  of  the  priv 
a  place  of  employ  met 

-be  Is  to  stay  till  his 
ss  ordered  back  to  prison. 

L.      £ip4ul  I*"' 
of  murder  in  the  ftrst  degree  by 


of  poi-.-n  or  in  perpetrating  or  utt.-mpt- 
ing  to  perpetrate  rape,  ar><>n.  n.bbrrx.  ..r  bur- 
glary,  pasMMi  iln>  Senate,  but  faiU-d  in  th. 

Otfl  «-f  47  to  47. 

A  bill  for  !  -books  wa- 

'.  i  I  v  IJN     il  i.  ii  to  -uinin;  a  .--nM  i!  ut  i,  ,nn\ 

•    to  wmn- 
•  IN-  able  to  mid    t  h- 

in  ihr  Kn^hsh  language  passt-<i 


A  bill 


Th«-  statute  n-liitivc  to  divorce  was  ani> 
iall  l>e  granted  unl. 
parties  hnv<-  liv.-,|  in  Mirhiptn  at  I. 
preceding  the  date  of  tin-  applx-atinn.  <>r 
the  parties  were  married  in  tin-  state  m 

lived  there  since.      If  marrinl   in  an 
they  must  live  in   Michigan   two  years  b. 
decree  is  granted.     No  testimony  is  to  b. 
in  the  cane  until   four  months  aft.; 
has  been  made,  except  in  case  of  •!«-«  -rtion.    It 
ies  that  as  soon  as  a  divorce  is  gran* 
s  may  marry  apiin. 
itou   County  \va*  divi.lr.l.  part   of  : 
lands  being  addeO    to  (irand  Traverse  « 
and  part  to  Leclenaw  County. 

AcU  were  passed  for  the  better  protect 
the  estates  of  minors. 

A  joint  resolution  was  pa—  d  ur-ii 
Michigan  members  of  Congress  to  do  nil  i 
power  to  ),;,\r  Congress  give  the  island  «•! 
inac  t  in  for  a  publi<-  park.  It 

uiveti.and  commi^i»iMT-  were  apjiointed  ' 
Governor  to  take  charge  of  the  park. 

A  joint    resolution   was  passed   roquiri' 
Board  of  Auditors  to  determine  the  am<>: 
on  account  of  salaries  paid  to  State 
obtained  office  as  the  result  of  the  election 
of  1891  and  1803,  and  to  bring  suit  to  re< 

Other  acts  of  the  session  were  : 

Authorizing  the  Michijjan  ! 

to  hold  a  State  institute,  ami  making  an  appropria- 
tion tl,> 

Enabling  the  rcjrcntfl  of  the  nni\ 
hold  in  ito  perpetual  trust  hm-l  «r 

Defining  what  shall  constitute  fratemn 
Meietisa 

Permitting  townships,  cltie*,  :m.l  vili.-i. 

Ballot  iiKidiiiii-  :if 

For  iviruhiti.iii  ..f  the  sale  of  goods  marked  "ster- 
-tiTl'mir  si' 

organization  of  firo  and  mai 
Buranee  eompanies. 

For  a  further  geographical  sur\ 

Making  it  unlawful  tor  any  oorp 
to  abandon  any  fa.-t..r\  ^r  manufacturii 
ment  in  any  town,  which  town  has  giv« 
pany  or  corporation  a  ) 

Raiding  the  age  at  which  women  may  mar 
out  th-  f  parents  or  guardians  from  si  xtostt 

to  eighteen  yean. 

E*tabliHhing  a  law  uniform   with    tl,;>-    •  '   other 
States  relative  to  the  acknowledgment 
atruments. 

Making  it  unlawful  for  delegates  to  any  ] 
convention  to  be  represented  by  i  • 

Providing  a»*r  capita  tax  of  one  eighth  of  a 

bi  for  libel  the  jur 

arate  its  verdict  as  between  damages  for  injuries  to 
feelings  and  actual  damages. 

ling  for  a  recompilatinn  of  the,  st.v 
Providing  for  the  reruovn 
paitmerit  of  the  univ  •  tTOit 

Amending  an  act  relative  to  the  killing 

the  close  season  from  Nov.  1  to  Nov.  15,  and 


Ml  NX  BBOT  A. 


J.:!..?  sndei  «!.«•. 


>  quail,  partridge,  or  woodcock  in 

"  (rYame  penalty  for  chesting, ob-    Gear* 
UN  presCavsl  •       ' 


,bUabu>g.«l^«^eohoolatlloantPl^    *art;   A-jeaJ, 

tat  building  and  l^sn  amnoisltnns  tn4rT  the    JniNnai  f?*»« 
J^t  tff  —  i — i— . 

Itffid    atta 

/ 

^HsaMSi)  u»  pay  •  francolss  fee* 


andMuskagon,aodln. 


•SflO  rwenred  again*  execution  u.... 

•LJ^J  .HM..I,.U.<  -an  enttSJMfwtfa 

i*tt.  rU^fteda 
~<  u|«tion.  rutt'.t, 

employed  at  their  regular 

he  act*  were  not  signed  by  the  GOT-    year  ending  June  I.  IBM 
ijoiirnmcnt  ;  Mid  it  was     tion  of  the  soldier*  and 

.  tu-rnl  that  those    The  result  shows  that  the 
had  paMtc«l  jm-vioir  W4  inhabitant*  tn  five  years.    The 

-  <>f  the  station  were,  according  t.>    centaga  of  gain  b  shown  by 


oseW,  as* 


• 


If  sustained,  this  would    the  pine  forests  of  the  aa 
h  had  been    amlintheSitthConfmai 


umstances  by  other  comprising  10  e 

aiidha.1  beanaooaptedai  ntti,    TI,  •'  "    »  Z   •    / 

ame  before  the  Supreme  Court  m  n  |«  r  .,nt.    The 

;ht  »••.  IMI.-I  the  western  half  of  the  Male  and 

tie  of  the  dotihtful    laws.    The  Second  and  Seventh  I Hatrirt*. 

1.-.I  that  tho  laws  were  •-  95  par  cent.    Following  are  the 

April  ties: 

ulates 

*U-i«   of   ju-ti.  ,-  \\.  r.    .l.^.-j.h    15.   N|      r. 
MI    W.    Mi-lirath.    Democrat  ; 
!  .r.    Populist  ;  and   Mvron    II. 
•     Tnetotestood:  V 

H.I  10.     The    Republican    candidates 
Bee  of  rep  .-n-   UIUM  r 

liarlefl  II 

isieted.    The  other  candidates  were 

Pmlthorp  and  Stra  rooln, 

;  George  R  Smith  ntul  Varnum  J. 

ipaUsts:  and  Noah  W.  Cheever  and 

. 
»posed    coi  ,1     amendmenU 


officers,  the  rote  stood  :  Yes,  50.. 
.  18^03.     On  the  other,  relative  t. 

These  amendmenU  were  vi.t.-d  uj-.n  in 

••.!><.  :..,crdin" 

I8H  ptge  486)  that  the  returns  had  been 

HINMsolV.n  Western  Slat  d  to 

i    1896;  area,  88^65  square 

He*.     The   |     ;    .    ,'      n.   a.       r  ling  to   |SJ  ' 

risos  since  admiwion.  was  179.018  in 
l'tt.706  in   1H70;    7^>.77;i  in    1H80;   and 

l~\ 

.*h.  became  Acting  Governor  and  Frank 
-etaryof  Slalr, 
Ibert  Berg ;  Treasun  r    \        IN       : 


- 

«k~1V.  ivmrf 
theyamrawUa*  ^ 

tohawbe»«$A««jaaJt. 
anct  on  aaaJ  at  the  bi 


,    . 


MINXKS' 


M     I   I 

. 


of   t7.582360.91. 
•      v   ;. -.,:-... 
of  fS.044.lW.86.    The  per- 
fund,  invested  in  bonds,  amounts 
•».  and  the  permanent  university 
The  receipt*  from  railroad 
to    I851.8N.23;     • 
»,  f227.712.lW;  for  inin- 
on  Stale  land*.  *187.075.60      The  re- 
bondsmen  of  the  banks  that  had  State 
on  deposit  when  they  failed  during  the 
panic  are  gradually  paying  their  m- 

Bto  the  treasury,  though  then  was 

•tin  outstanding  in  Mar  atout  $1*5.300. 

B4nration.— The  school  population  in  1808- 
*N  was  estimated  at  450,000.     The  numlx  r  en 
rolled  was  887361.  and  the  average  dailv  a 
«M»  8W.307.     The  number  of   teachers  was 
• 

B«Jlre«4ft.— The  Bureau  of  Labor  has  pub- 
ttsbed  figures  showing  the  changes  in  the  rela- 
tive burden  -f  u*at  ion  borne  by  the  railroads  in 
Minnesota  from  1870  to  1894.  My  this  it  «p- 
pears  that  the  relative  percentage  of  taxation  in- 
Imiinl  from  1870  to  1885,  since  which  time  it 
has  been  decreasing.  This  decrease  in  the  rela- 
tive amount  of  taxation  took  place,  notwith- 
standing the  fact  that  the  taxes  paid  per  mile  of 
road  in  operation  increased  continuously  from 
-:  •  !-:•.! 

The  taM*  includes  these  figures  of  taxes  per 
•lie:  1870.  41*18;  1875,  54-60;  1880.  71-12; 

I-.;,   i.s,;,,. 

The  Ihiluth-Mesaba  Railroad  Company  was 
incorporated  in  September  with  a  capital  stock 
of  $$40.000.  The  object  is  to  build  a  railroad 
from  doqnet  to  the  northern  boundary. 

An  important  ones  affecting  freight  charges 
was  decided  in  October.  Elias  Steenerson,  of 
Polk  County,  began  proceedings  in  1894  before 
thr  Railmad  and  Warehouse  C 


Commission,  al- 
leging thai  the  freight  charges  of  the  Great 
Monhera  on  grain  from  East  Grand  Forks, 
Fisher,  and  Crookston,  respectively,  to  Minne- 
apolis and  Duluth  were  excessive  and  unreason- 
able. The  ootnmissinn  heard  the  case  and  fixed 
the  rate.  The  commission's  rate  applied  to  the 
sntiw  State,  and  was :  For  5  miles  and  under.  4 
per  100  pounds;  over  5  miles  and  not  ex- 
I"  miles,  4-95  cents;  over  10  miles  and 
ing  15  miles,  4*5  cents;  and  so  on  up 
fee.  The  railroad  company  appealed 
•  • 

Tbe  court  found  that  the  rates  fixed  by  the 
eosmmisrion  were  too  low  to  afford  a  reasonable 
IMMM  on  the  present  value  of  the  railroad 
property,  so  far  as  that  was  involved,  bul 
•ot  fix  or  sanest  any  rate  that   should    be 


the 


of  wheat  in  the 
68.dOO.000  bushel*.    Itap- 
than  two  thirds  of  the  flax  crop 
'     u  produced  in  the  region 
.-*  Minneapolis,  and   Duluth. 
rfl-meal  product  is  a  far  row  valu- 
' 


Immigration.— A  Northwestern  Immu 

ntion  was  held   in   St.  Paul   in  November. 
A  resolution  was  adopt <•< l  totheetTect  th.,- 
be  organized  a  permanent    N.-rthweMern 

I  board,  to  be  composed  of  representative 
full  the  Northwestern  > 

pose  it  fhall  IN- to  awaken   int.  rest    in   im< 
Hon.     The    State   association    orga: 
Schiirmeier  as  president. 
\\,-l  superior.     The  mayor  of  West 
rior.  Charles   S.  her.   was  imp. 

and   at    the  end  of  a  trial   that    la-1 
was  removed  from  office  by  a  vote  of  1 7  ' 
the  Board  of  Aldermen.     The  charges  w.  : 
gambling  houses  were  permitted  t..  I 
and  saloons  to  sell  on  Sundays:  that  a 
had  been  allowed  to  sell  liquor  without  a  license; 
that  the  mayor  received  bribes  for  neglect 
nerforra  his  duty  ;  and  that  money  was  ex 
from  appointees  on  the  fire  department    and 

police   force. 

Public  Lands.— A  di-pa:«-h  from  Duluth, 
July  16,  says: 

Pour  new  towns  were  opened  tv>rentr\ 
States  Land  Office  to-day,  and  there  was  the  livalknt 

time  that  has  been  seen  tin-re  f,-r  many  n 
towns  arc  in  the  valley  of  the  upjH-r  Ifissinnj  • 
some  of  them  only  fractional  part*  were  op*n< 
in  many  canes  the  entries  contliet  with  Indian  u!i..t- 

Mo»t  of  those  who  made  entries  w« •?• 
St  Paul  and   Minneapolis.     The  eni.*l: 

DM  "!'  the  men  who  went  thr.'iiL'li  it  \\ . 
worn  out.     One  fellow  almost  fainted,  and  ),. 
assisted  into  one  of  the  offices  and  i/; 
order  In  revive  him.     Another  stn 
door  when  h'm  turn  came,  and  leaned  airain.st  tl 
a  moment  t<»  tfet  strength  enouirh  to  walk  to  t! 
.en  he  wa>  unable  to  say  a  word. 

The  State  still  has  220,000  acres  to  con 
from  the  General  Government.  There  a: 
230  unsurveved  townships  in  the  S:. 

The  school  fund  is  to  receive  from  the  Govern- 
ment sections  16  and  36  in  the  agricultural  part 
of  the  Red  Lake  reservation. 

More  pine-timber  frauds  (see  "Annual  ' 
pa-dia"  for  1804,  page  489)  have  come  to  jj^B 
since  the  change  in  the  office  of  the  Si . 
They  come  under  75  permits,  covering  f',' 
tionsof  pine  land,  on  which  it  is  computed  there 
are  304,000,000  feet  of  pine  timber.     Th 
was  sold  under  the  pretense  that  it  wa*  in  • 
of  being  destroyed  by  fire,  under  th.r 
the  law  which  permits  the  Audit*,  rton-11  t! 
ber on  pine  lands  "when  it  i*  liable  to  wa*' 
not  otherwise."     The  examiners  sent 
present  Auditor  report  that  the  timber  embraced 
in  these  sections  is Vou i 
pine  in  no  danger  from  (Ire.     Ii. 
of  these  frauds,  the  derision  on  one  in  July  set- 
tles important  points  in  favor  of  t  he  - 

Legrlftlntm-  Session.— The  tw-nty-ni; 

Mature  In-iran  .Ian.  v 
late  in  April.     S.  K.  Van  Sant  wasch' 
of  the  House. 

election  of  a  United  State 
ceed  W.  D.  Washburn  was  effected  after 
contest  among  the  supporters 
candidates— Mr.  Washburn,  Gov.  N 
Messrs.  Comstock  and   McOleary.    The 
date  of  the  Democrats  was  Judge  Mitchell,  and 
of  the  Populists  Ignatius  Donnelly.    K  n  u 


MINNESOTA. 


r-    ...  :.,•  :•  •    '         :•;- 


dng  laws  were  revised 


1      r  -     . 


uiliMiriUM-.-.  Uu-«-  I-  pr.. htLiV-i.  m..|  .» -.  .         : 

:  nif  in  ease  of  total  I.**— i*  pro- 
law  provide*  for  lh« 
iwiards  of  underwriters  AIM!  the 
it  of  Mirage  corpa. 

Mtringent  safe- 

banks,  for  the  protection  of 


luting  the  Mia  of  liquor  were 
:%w  forbidding  saleto  minor 
no  has  been  ev  -.„  .al  dec*. 

it  in.  h  .  l.iMr.-n  might  be  sent 
v  liquor  for  thrtr  \ 

•  *lr  to 

vii  UM  or  for  that  of 
.:-il  <>f  itny  inMitiitioii  of  Irani- 

ted  evasion  of  opening  a 

»  holeeale  house  and  N-llin^  liquor  by 

the  quantity,  to  U-  Kft  in  (>oesession  of  the  mer- 

chant. tli«-  pun-hater  removing  it  a  drink  at  a 

lime     The  granting  of  a  lu-mse  to  tell  liquor 

rough 

JP  number  of  laws  was  made  for  the  bene- 

nt.  and  $30.000  was  appropriated  to 

nt  measure  for 

Two  add  i- 

•  ul  farms  were  provided  for.  and 

for  tl><  in.-,-  $U.OOO  waa  appn.priated. 

rent  waa  the  appropriation  of 

fM.000  for  a  hani-fltx-r  twine  plant  at  the  prison 

.(  ttin  an  entomological  de- 

part mm  t  n-  and  enable  it  to 

•t  motive  parasites  of  thr  rhim  h 
Mg  $6.000  was  ni  d.  and  to  reae< 

tin-  in  onr  northern  woods 
he  most  important  of  thr  local  meat- 
lire  waa  the  appropriation 
•iiitir  the  work  of  drainage  of 
the  wri  Ui  r  valley.    Some 

looking  to  road  improvement  became 

1  lands  ,,f  thi-iirfun<-t  1  1  noting*  ami 
Kailmad  oorix>ration.  amouir 

*hioh 
to  farmers  along  the  weat- 

l  waa  passed  off 
t  a  pound  on  sugar  roailt 
or  beet  rooU.    The  ar 
from  taxation  was  raised  from  50  to  100 

npnrtant  law  in  the  inUreat  of  labor 
i  does  away  with  oontract  lal> 

'iat   thi»  number  of 
^aced  in  u 

N-»r  shall  anv  snrh  »! 

>  here  he  reaidte  befor 
nor  after  seven  o'clock  in 
ing.    If  umior  thoeompoliorytQboolage 


sd  framed  on  tae«aereJ  ptojipli <* 

It  was  eaaeted  th«-  «rty  to  m 

K^J^^msi 

v   ';.. 


The  Klale  lax  waa 

" 


hv  ft 


A  fine  of  $50,  or 
than  thirty  days,  waa  made  the 
to*  dgaJTttea,  cigar*,  or  to**nr*/to 

pu»)l»r  M-h'«'U.-r  •  f  ai.i 

or  in  part  by  Uiatioa. 


efUae 


and  to  be  submitted  is  oao 


the  Slate  the  right  to  frame  Ha  owa  char 
Drovidea  for  the  appotetmeeA  of  1*  m*» 
district  judges,  who  shall  frame  a  chart 


judges,  i 

•ul.mr 

roaii  lands. 

hlrd  make»aradk»J 
fi«  at  ions  for  voting  by 

luirts  the  vour  U>  he  a  i  Urns  Mail 

ami  »  n- 


the  Union  Dec.  10. 
•flat     RH 

ial  oen«_ 

100;  laSJtl  to  18tt;  tlUII 
in  1880;  791 JOO  to  1890: 

-,••:     •     >-       .    .    :    -.-. 


during  the 


Mone;    uteuirnani   i*overaor.  m.   m 
Secretarr  of  Slate,  George  M.  Oovaa : 
urer.  J.  J.  Kvan* :  Auditor.  W.  W.flawM 
...nrr»l.  Frank  Jof 

William  Heanr;  Laad 
Wilson— all  Dieiuuiahi 
era.  J.  P.  SISSJMI.  WeH 


«&JBl    TWW 
MljMUeV    Of  this  _ 
646. 46  stands  eharged  ajatasl  tW 

rr^adeU 


MISSISSIPPI. 


$1,394,707.96,  is   held   in   trust, 
in  |»ayable.    There  are 
MMjOOO  6-per-oanU  bonds,  due  in   1907,  and 

, .     ,          ••!:.>  sjfti  twi  atj  f»sn 

to  run.     Tin-  Swamp   I  Jin-l   fin. 

„  •    •  •     ih-  -.,-•-.  i,ii,..untii,K-i,,$lWMHMl. 
at  its  special 


18*1.  authorised  the  issuance  or  special  warrants 
by  tbe  Auditor  of  Public  Account*  in  . 
casbwmrra  'he  treanury  to  an  amount 

not  eicwdinc  1900.000  outstanding  at  an 
time,  the  warrant*  t<>  boar  intervM  at  the  rate  of 
S  per  osnL  par  annum.  These  warrants  were 
BuSrtt  receivable  for  all  dues  to  the  State,  but 
witboul  interest  when  so  paid  in.  The  neoee- 
sitf  anticipated  for  the  use  of  these  warrants 
area*  in  June,  1894.  and  again  in  June.  1895, 
reoour**  was  had  to  the  special  warrant  act,  and 

reached. 

Tbe  beoing  of  theee  special  warranUwa 
by  tb. Treasury  Department  of  the  United  States 
(tWnroent  to  be  a  violation  of  the  Federal  laws 
that  prohibit  tbe  issuance  of  such  obligations  in 
Broilitode  of  the  oblig 

and  tbe  secret  service  dh  hat  deoart- 

mrnt  caused  tbe  arrest  of  th.-  <io\ernor.  Audi- 
1  Treasurer  for  an  alleged  violation  of  the 
statute  that  denounces  counterfeiting. 


aad  impose*  a  penalty  of  twenty  years'  i  in  j 
•seat  for  such  violation.     Hut   tho  grand  jury 
failed  to  indict 

Education.  A  nummary  of  the  biennial  re- 
port of  the  State  Superintendent  makes  the  fol- 
lowing showing  :  Kducable  <  hildrm  i.  •mini.  -ra- 
tion of  1W4),  543.581  :  enroll*!  in  public  schools, 
S50.615  :  average  daily  attendance,  202,083  ;  total 
value  of  school  property.  $1,636,055;  amount 

*i.-j;i;.rjfll 

Of  the  total  enrolled,  209,126  are  white  and 
I  are  oolorwl.    Total  white  teachers,  4,591  ; 

•• 

The  enrollment  at  Cniversity  for 

the  fall  term  was  about  *J  •,'.-!  hum- 

ber  sine*  the  abolition  of  the  preparat 

The  institution  has 
of  about  $82,000  from  the 
By  an  act  of  Congress  ap- 
lune  80.  1894.  a  township  of  land  was 
for  the  use  of  the  univer- 
Sabsequently  the  lands  that  had  been  re- 
stnrsd  for  naval   purposes,  chiefly  in  Jackson 
and   Harmon  Counties,  were  restored  to   th. 
public  domain,  and  were  selected,  or  enough  of 
Ihssa.  to  make  up  the  township  to  whi«-h  th- 
entitled.    T  will  be  sold 


f«rtment, 


Iswsd  and  the  proceeds  h.-l-l  in  trust  by  the 

•    •  \ 


le 


and  Mechanical  College,  at 
had  SM  students  for  the  sessio. 


•f  »«.£«*».  18Haod  136  for  that  ending  in 
**H»JJ*;   Ada*  of  18  was  graduated. 
rKlustrial  Institu 


ita  and  College  for 
enrolled  Dec.  1, 1895.    A 
w  in  process  of  erection,  which 
ibout  If*  M 

•*  the  Alcorn   Agricultural 

of  1995.    Of  this  number,  36 


The  agricultural  colleges.  H! 
versity,  receive  a  town-li  ; 

•••  Normal  -  Holly   S| 

hud  an  rnrolliii  !<>r  the  spring  : 

all   term.     Thi- 

oolorcii  >t inlcnt <.  ami  has  IMM-II  supjn'M.,1  on  a 
yearly  appropriation  of  &  < 

Millsapa  College,  near  Jackson.   ; 
property  of  the  Mississippi  an*l   North 
-u.pi  ( Inferences  of  tin-    .Methods 
Church.  South.     In  F,-l,ruary  'Jin  Btudrnl 
in    attendance.    Five  departments   have  been 
organized.    The  college  has  an  <  n 
al.out  $107,000. 

I'.,  llhavt-n   Collop*    '  lit  Jackson,  was 

Inirnnl    in  I..-    n-lm: 

aTl  mrliiT  tin-  Mary  1  lolincs  Sciniii 
colored  girls.  'J  milr>  northwest  «.f  Jackson,  was 
destroyed  l»y  tin-.     It   \vji>  built  by  tin-  < 
people  of  the  capital. 

(  harltie*.— The  Slat.-   Lunatir  Asylun 

iticiits  at  the  IM'-IIIIIIII^   ,,f    1^-: 
at  tho  cn«l ;  average  number,  707      i 
inmates  to  the  number  of 
155  discharged;  average,  77-1.    There  \v. 
deaths  during  the  two  years.    The  appropria- 
tions for  the  support  of  the  asylum   fort: 
amounted!  to  $190,000. 

At    the   Mast    Mi  — i-Mppi    Insane  Asylum  -lur- 
ing the  year  closing  Sept.  80,  1804.  then 
303  patients,  42  were  discharge*  1.  1!)  <li 
.'I.'  r.inained.     In    the   year  ending  S<-; 

B04  were  treated,  41  ili- 
ami  *Ji:{  remained.     Arrangements   ha\<-  been 
made  to  accommodate  300  p;it  ;• 

I  hiring  1894  the  patients  treated  at   th.  State 
Charity  Hospital  at  Vii-ksburg  nuinben-.: 
and  in  1895  to  Dec.  1  5,762.     Th.    Instit 
the  Blind  has  about  40  pupils. 

The  report  of  the   D.-af  and    I>umb   Institu- 
tion  at  Jackson  gives  these  d> 
rollment     for    the    session   of    1891 
males,   :il  ;    white   females,   -\'.\;  colored 
14;  colored  females,  i:? :  total  both  races,  101. 

Penitentiary. — The  value  of  the  farn 
nets  for  1895    amounted   to    about    tM^^I 
while  the  expenses,  aside  from  th«-  • 
in::  implements  and  animals,  n  a« 
Tli.-  number  of  convicts  is  more  than  1.000. 

15. inks.—  Tin-    Auditor's    report   of  63    -     ' 
banks  doini:  business  N<n 
aggregate  of  resources  and  liabilities  to  b<  siu.- 
284,318.77,   and   of  capital    paid    in 
In  March  reports  from   72  banks  were  si, 

ihoWiog  a   total  capital  ..f  $4.1 
deposit^  amount inuMo  *s..ni:J 

I .'.iilro.nl-.  "H  »li 

Gulf  and  Ship  Island  Hailroad  ;  the  conti 
quir.-s  that  it  shall  be  finished  to  Hattiesburg 
by  August,  1896.     The  lino  under  <-n-t ruction 

niles  long.     It  will  open  up  a  larp 
of  pine  hind. 

Surveys  are  made  for  the  Mobile,  Jack* 
Kansas  City  road,  which  will  be  built  as  - 
$250,000  can  be  raised  by  subscript 
towns  to  be  benefit cd. 

Water  Ways.— A  water  way-  n  was 

called  to  meet  at  \  i.k^bur 
object  of  arousing  interest  and  call  ing  the  a'trn- 
tion  of  Congress  to  the  necessity  of  continuing 
the  work  of  protecting  the  lands  in  the  lower 


MlflSlfiBiri  I 

and  inproring  the  navigation    onViale  to  ike  State  witk  t aktog  tke  aid 

i  ike  Ptwidr. 
widely  pablbked,  played .a, frmafanii  jLt  to 

'•e»n  f-.r  free  «u*r  or  not  arttostr  Mstoet  ft. 
t  at  Jaekaon  in  January,    eameout 


that  measures  snould  be  publication  of  ike  letter,  and 

•otion  acreage  by  M  per  leMrueeM  » 

.•ultivatemoreil... 

..tlon  that  hr  fn-  The 

1*4,  the  agreemrnt  at.  «M 


. 

w  111  80  per  criil.  of    gatM  h«l  been 
enUUrd  to  •<• 
191.000  wan  appro.     iim<|. 


laryof  Slate.  J.  U  !•«• 
Holder;  Trra 
3eaerai.WBrry.kask; 

iiatl  .li.il.    At  the  theflapreejiCwt.  I 

r    lUilnM  :.  iwitt.  M    M 

"ii.i  -.  -A  question  of  the        Tin-  r.  -;•.•: 

minor  tolh 


oaa  mOBrmed  Ike  platfona  at  Ik* 

,.,,., 

i 

.     .•   .  • 


Bd  opposed  to  Ike  faste  of  to* 

thr  >•  h  hail     tcreet-bearinff  bonda.     On  State  HMltetx  tke 

P.  £".295J&7    reeolntione  d 


1  be  able  to  »••»- 

•    'Illlutli'M 

>tion  is  sutnina- 


-  until  >.,  1804 only  14        Kurth.-r.  they  ctmt»enJfd  t!»  lartf  Uw 

•tnl  aiiii'niiii  force  as  UM  br»i  «^.  e>»aaA4 

-•»  saloons  in  t»mml  Ugiilitton  to  piiipta»j  daaUay  <»  Ma 

1805  several  of  t  h<*  14  ami  wrh  a  «  hanjfr  in  the  otfMsle  law  «l  iW 

li-  ti..n  .1 

warranU. 
.    somewhat        Tho  People's  party  k*U 

iu-tr«-  at  Jit«-k»««ii  Jul»  31.     J.  A.  iU 

DOMassioi)  .  f  "  •   ^'  . •• 

irat  a  morenent  for  a 

..  h.,Mt:i-..   tvdft  r.l    i    i 
in.T  niiinhv 


Vh*  S«M«M  Coejff,  U*  It 

-   . 


inaintaitt.  !in£%wwftk.  an- 

.•ffi!»latun'  wa«     an«l  unlit 
Ike  choice  of  a  I  >t*s  Senator,    the  ratio  of  It  U>  I.  vilkoat  Ike  fn*+m  Mvjafll 

a          !•  -> fca^A— ^  a*       ^  _  -   afc —  A^^^Aslstf^Bk  fJ 

,iowers  ana 
VartSS^!  ha^S"  Fede^S    *j*$i*  wto^TdTZw  aad  tke  kwar  of  fall 


I  I 


MISSni  i;i. 


tml.t*nder  note*,  and  for  payment  of  th 

.  v    .   ,,,^    ,   p    [<!    rboth;  it  con- 
dMnnsd  UM  lejoanoe  of  inlcrwt-brarm^  DOIldf 


1 


IBBV  VM    ••!»••  11*1    '"  "'  '"fr>     ' 

slid  dwlaml  that   publ. 
,  ,^  reduced,  eamciitlly  f.-e*.  sala- 
riband  I-  •  t«K  that 

fatorrs  should  he  prohibited  and  trusts  and  mo- 
•oeotitt dhwmraged ;  nnd  it  favored  an  income 
1*1  a  limit  to  the  term  -f  IV 

.      .,  •-..:.'     f.  r    Ameri<  an    Pltl- 

Matc  matters  these  resolutions  were 


the  balVrt  box  to  be  the  palU«liiun  <>f 

•          -     " 


».  i^  J^ 


lie  office  of  I. an. I 

ihii*  State  by  a 

„  - 

,  within  s 

_  reduction  of  at  least  80  per  cent  m  the 
salaries  and  fees  of  .11  public  officials. 

..  .    ,  .-,...  eapoeedoi  Dem- 
orrata.  ordered  by  that  body  to  investigate  the  Au.l, 
tort  offtes,  repotted  that  it  had  not  had  time  to  make 
•MM*  than  a  -cursory  examinat...,,  of  the  ,.tl!. 
theft  Ihev  had  not  been  si >le  todo  anything.    To  make 
eneh  thorough  examinations  of  the  books,  von 
and  warrant*  *•  »-ul.l  warrant  an  exhaustive  report 
would,  'u  require  several 

nMMfceaf  dilifent  work,"  snd  the  same  committee  at 
the  ssssioa  of  1894  M  asked  leave  to  ssy  thst  ov. 

;  me  and  other  duties  n.  nth* 

ioor  of  the  Legialatare,  they  are  not  prepsred  to  say 
thevhave  been  able  to  give  that  strict  examination 
whiehaloae  can  make  this  report  accurate,"    I 
eoneeivable  how  a  public  office  could  be  so  conducted 
as  not  to  show  whether  ••:..!  t<>  th- 

Uvee  Board  more  than  $l*gOOO,  or  has  to  be  iriv.-n 
8«pc  1  to  prove  whether  or  not  it  o» 
'  «  uj  »  the  mean: 

.r*sy  snd  Kerfroson defalcation,  t- 
with  those  of  nameroos  sheriff*  and  count 
is  the  logical  result  of  ring  rule  and  liu  t.  mm. 

Dnhnin  between  the  candidates  for  the  office 

•  ernor  and  others  were  held  through  the 

flute.    At  the  election  the  entin-  h.-n.ocratic 

ticket  was  socoeesful.    The  total  vote  polled  was 

I  ^mocrats  cast  46,873,  and 

•.     :  !.;.-, 

M  I  vIorEI.  a  Western  State,  admitted  to 
the  Union  Aug.  10,  1821 ;  area,  69,415  square 
milea.    UM  population,  according  to  ea< 
•HMsial  eeneus  since  admission,  was  140.  i 
1WO:  90.709  in  1840;  682.044 

and  167V.1H4  in  1800.    Capital,  Jeff. 
(fovrraMtnt— The  following  wer 
NMen  during  theyrar:  Oovemor.  Willia 
Utont^neniiiijiBt;  Lbotenant  Go vernor,  John  M. 
CrMemra:  Heerstarv  of  state.  Alexai, 
•nsejf;  Andttor.J.lLS  i»-rt ;  Tmwurer.  I 

Joeeph  A.  Wick- 

•••»;  Sapwiatenden       '  r..  .John    |{. 

;;  AUomey-Oenend.  K.  F.  Walker;  • 
loner  of  Labor.  Henry  Blarkmore;  chief 
AtSnpreme  Oxirt .  Theodore  Brace ; 
«e  Joeticw.  Thotnaa  A.  Sherwood. 
BairUv.  JaeBsj  B.  Oantt,  Osvin  D.  Burgees. 
B.  MacfartamN  W,Uter  M.  Hobinson. 
•€«t-TI>e  Aurlitor's  report  for  the  year 
Dec.  Si,  MM, amoved:  Salaoce  on 


ptfl   from   all   s 
ii^.urM'in.-n!-,    f,,r  all    |,u- 

.  Dec.81, 

of  tli«-  12,746,478.50 appropriaU'ii  fr«>ui  tt •, 

line  fiiml   f«»r  tin-  i:niiTal  rx|n-HM->  nf  th< 

• -.•»-'!»«.  $!.«•  \\a-  .lra\Mi    in 

- 

Tin-  |iriin-i|»Jil  itmix.f  u|ipr<i|iriaii«ii 
ueral  A-.-mbh 
,-s  of  th. 

tsof  rnmiiial  <'iises,  $466.- 
assessing  an<l  <••. !!••<• 

an<l    payiniMil-  «>n   ili-lil.  s 

.1.  i-t  on  Jan.  i.  1895,  aggregated  $6.c 

<-n   !>«•(•.  :',!.  ^:».  I-  'ipri-iii^  >•  • 

-.•mi.  IM.I.  mable  ai  tin-  | 

of    tli  any   linn-    l.<-f..r.-    lil 

t,    IM.H.IS.         Of    tl 

<-f   lM,n«l<.  $55,000  WHS   payal'lt-   mi   .Ian.  ! 
mid  $:W?,(K)()  on  .Inly  1  follow, 
$H.(MKl  to  IH*  pai.l  in 

N  .il  nations.— Tlu-  Slat.-   I'.-., 
lion  lived  i  he  values  of  real  and  p«  i 
crty   f..r    taxation    in    ls«»."i   a>   fdl- 
property,  n-tunn-il   by  assessors,  ^WT.OTe.OJtt;1 
n.-i  , Increase  by  th.-  I 
tix.-l  l.y  the  board,  $a06.'.' 
turned  by  assessors,  $410.' 

:    value   as  fixed,  fK'7.1'' 
personal  prop.-riy.  ivtuninl  l»y  assessor-. 
n|s.  j::; :  ,,,-t  decrease,  $1,513,448;  r« 

VK    Tin-  it.-m— iiiMiiiari/... 
be  rrtunir.l  by  assessors,  $966,61 7.8»> 
decrease  by  th<-  hoard.  $::' 

M   fixed    by  tin-   board.  *'.' 
board  reported  fully  on  th«-   n-ults  of  • 
sessors* convention  «-f  i^n j. , -aiu-d  by  tl. 

rrnor  at    tin-  rcfpicst  of  the  board   t< 
iii.-tjualiti.-s  in  the  assessment  «.f  pr<  ; 
convention   adojitrd   n-solutioMs    recoimi 
the   a«.sessnn-nt    of    properly   at    it-    tru« 
The  expectations  of  the  board  \v.  n   not  r 
as  efforts  to  asses-  weordini:  t"  the 
made  in  !."»  counties  only,  thn- 
discrepancies  than  In-fore.    Th- 
fore  compelled  tor«|uali/.e  the  ., 
by  reducing  tho-e  in  the  15  countii-s  and  ii 
in-  thoxe  in  others  where  the  valuatioi 
nianifextlv  t,,,,  low. 

Bankft,— The  State  bank-.  ..n    April  :< 
numbered  4X2.  and  had  a  cninbin< 
|Mj070.o.|0:   loans  and   rliM-omits,  £<;". '.-!.;. 
total  resources,  $102.867,688;  dep<.>its.  $•'. 
858;  surplus,   -  I  In    1 

mie-  numbered  ?.  and  hit 
tal  of  $6,150,000;  loans  and  di-count-.  *4,\& 
oil  :  total  resources,  $K> 
687,074;   and    surplus    and    undi\ 
$1,418,766.     There  were  also  '.'1   privat. 
with   r.-portrd   capital  of  $1.11M,K«0;  re^ 
$8,258,390:  deposita,  $«,05:',.:{s!» ;  ]o; 
coanto,  $4.5'.M.7^;  and  niri.liis.  $41- 
had  an  aggregate  banking  capital 

'.••Kl.nn.l  the  bank-  haddep,,,,' 
200,  loan*;  and  discounts  of  $122,043,328,  a: 
plus  of  $i:{.6H!». 

i:dnc:ition.     The    annual    statement    of 
1'nited  States  Comtlii-ioner  of  Ivlucati' 
1, 1895,  reported  an  enrollmcrr 
in  the  public  schools,  an  average  daily 
anceof  469,846  pupils,  and  an  exj.* -nd.1 


•»»*«  mining,  which  had  a 

valued  at  ft Jali.mil.  a 

ilurof  tfnMiin!*  .in  :      .     :  •.'«,,;  •       .  ...  .      . 

•?*C2fc.fE!*l!?li  "^  ?Wfcomlbe«.  tateeofUam,    of  tu» 

'.«•!    pf"- 

H.955,958,  ami  a 

•  <-f  $542.47*  !•-.,.  -r.i.s. 

•rva.— In  the  flaoal  year  tana  were  osed  at  thr 

ternal  Thai 


and   I he  a 
*rr»     $1.17.  a 


if    wen  8  coking  MtabtietiaMttla  in  tae  Mlal*1.  c 

.         v          ',- 


which 


afeaiwtta* and  hud  au  ..utput  ..f  •;.'..!, •«..;;„•    ,    B     |( ... 


-.   .-     •   .   r  ,   • ..    :       .  .    .  .,, 

.:..-  ....  •         .         • 


...;,....•         ...         ....... 

'»t800  cigarettea;  and  98  other    f&568.    The  quarry  prodaeU  were  m 


r.Ml  pound*  of 

mid  2.605,370 

ml  had  an  output  ..f 

i.a..,,.  v,...:,;  p,  ,.,..., 

i  of  smoking  tobaoro.    , 
Tlx  '  an  output  of 

urd  at  UMljmi 

$MtlJaa.U     I'ur-     t.,  thr  x.ii...    ..f    HMCCI;  firr  brtra.  $10170; 
rrain  .li>tiII.-ri<-»  nnd     Mtnti.Nl  and  j  fim.2X»;  dfaMllaX 

(19MW:afvei 
M-M  5.0116  gal.     dntin.fj: 

in  grapea,    (tt«:  total  value.  fMlAJTWl 

•«l.   Hi.irM:    ami  tbe  pr«lart»«  «f 
«n»  3U80  long  loa*  la  !«• 

ESlfNWBda?"  I'^'-i'ir  r-  •   •     _    .        *       -. 

,-,i  MfoUowton  i 

larTear  18U5:  Corn,    rh.ndi-r   .  vrior  part*  of  ibiiiiaf|  at 

r  the  total  of  tbepfwrtoa*  tear. 

n*r  of  thr  Ballot— la  Ajol  tW  ?»•• 


pn-inr  Court  .  f  tlr  K..., 
drcWoa 


in  eoaaatOna  wHa  tW  aw 

relcrtk«>« 
werp  all«*)^rd  t«>  fia 
ami    in 


1.1895.WM  jury  railed  t«  the 

•  r  i.u-h>  i ;    w.  ,-.  "•    >-ailot  bosoj  lor 

«t.  ilrrourml.  «n.l  th- 

,95;  h-.»  ..jr.  Court.  » 

i-ound;  and  i>i.urt    t-» 

nt*  per  pound  baik4  nt 

cd  lunrthrhirwt 

inlaUoaoflbr 

-lie  Stale  a*  an  ii.fnnfaajaMof  IWC 
i.  098.277.  \nliii-  $'J7.081.44S; 
- 
114  :      \.  n  and 


87^and   swine!  JW61.SW  Taloe  day  it  not  only 
>tal  value,  tM.6H0.07^ 

^nth report  blow*  and  tbe   Inmliilhil  off  lulawlfclili 

y  on  -  Min-  and  umoam," 

h  «*«  Jli*M»aH  at  t  hirka»aara.~Tb»tel»  «rffl 

tottof  IWtt. cover,  the  caJeodar  bt  niiiiiaMi  I  on  Uk  bialortc  lilllilili  by  4 


-. 


MOOT 


and 

'  i  he  Confederate  Army,  and 
rta  honor  of  U»  Second 

.-•un  Infnntry  th«- 

\  .      •   ,     \-  :  \ 

!••!*  ration,      hunnj:  IW.'i  a  lar 
of  wajptti  ir»m* of  settlers  passed  through  <>xark. 

:  Taney  ('..unties 

Atracted  rooftof  tne  imni  i  the 

land*  in  tin-  Win  i  nitry 
(••pular  with    |  tinted 
the  mon  MOII^' 
nre  many  - 

.%..ta.  an.l  the  Dakota*. 

I'.diliral.      I  M.em- 

lxfH*lature  held  conferences  i,,  ,|,.f. 

'    and    adopt. -d    n-,.lu- 
l.eforethc 

the  nun..  'i.  and   that    the 

IHSliiiViiti      partv    fr»m 
al*a%*  U«n   a   ptrly   of  bimetallism,  claiming 
that  the  n-drmptioii   tn-  ;.-  \  <>f  the  count  i 
the   \mri»   nf    all    enr  v.-dits 

-  Iver.  and   tha: 

mHal*  nhould  be  coined  at   the  ratio  of  ]', 
The  n  no  aske.l  the  hem.-. 

Commit •<-*• 'o  call  a  <  :  >r  tin    purpose 

nf  cnaliliiitf  the  1 '  in  to 

1  ,rr  «i  the  subject.     A  convention 

held  at   Pert  I.-  S|  •nu- 
ll.   I*.    Hlnnd    was    clio^-n    chairman. 
' 


Dimocratic  Central  Committee  by  adding  i:» 
uembent.  1  from  each  congressional  dis- 

.inl  4  fn.u  -id  author- 

iwtl  calls  for  a  State  «•  i,\,  i,n..n  to  elect  d.  !.- 
IpUrt  t/»  the  National  Convention  not  later  than 
Apnl  15.  1HOA.  ami  for  another  to  nomina* 

-    for  State  office*,  to    b<-  held  after  the 

'      :         .eio|,l,Ml 

which  contained  the  followi 
That  we,  the  Democratic  party  of  Miiwmri.  ; 

1   -1      in-.-  iin.l   iniliiiiitcd 


ftilnaiiof  • 

tfM  moofj  *t  ih«  ratio  of  ;.-.  t..  i.  «.th.. 

the  action  or  approval  of  any  other  nattoi , 


*  astioa  or  approval  of  any  other  i 
That  w«  are  irrevocably  oppoeed 

lien  far  aMlallie  money  <  t  • 

*»*Trf.l*«l!«^T.b-^  oo  a«UHrle  •„. 


to  the  *uh»titn- 


MjrtfiM  by  a  few  tonkin*  inrtitutiocu  in  Europe  and 

«-  aro  opposed  to  the  policy  and  pract 
•fiat  to  the  holder,  of  DM-  d>U«Uonaot 

•.-.-!        .'-....    .•<    •!,, 

«^^^»*^J«lnfe»eh  obligation,  in  , 

• 

1  ?*.?*?*??  *°  the  fa»uin«  of  »«>««««- 
xUof  thel'i 

«-xlU.p!* 

OMieontrolof  .in 

•  .-  • 

*  -  — —  pro-^for  the ^purpo* M,- 


M"^  '  *  N  v  ndn  Itted  to 

to*.*  IHHB;  area,  14«.OHO  square 

HfT?1*  .*T°r?lnff  *° thc ««»"  o' 

•r*.     «  *f*itai.  Holeosv 

^"•-Jne  following  wrn-  the  State 


•     V\        ;ii  :   Au. lii. 

drew  i  til.  Ilrnri  ,1 

krll;   SilpiTilitetidfllt  of  I'ulilji:  ln>1nicli 

•  •••r«-  ;   Aiijntnnt  <  inn-nil,  < 
—all  KVpiiMii-a:  .in. I    l-'i^i. 

1      • 

I  o tl    ,-.  s    \ 
.lii-ii.'.-  of  the  Siipn-mr  Cr-urt.  \\'illi 

1  pulist-DemoonM  :  As^ociat.-  .1 

\\.  II.  h.-  Wilt  an.l  \V.  II.  Hunt.  |;,.pul,| 

I  in. UMTS.      The  assessed  \aliiat  i.  • 
fount  irs  iv  ^:».:.().  an.l  th.-  total 

mill-   in    Lrui-  niicl  ' 
<  'oinr  '  r.     Tin-  railr- 

SetJed'at  x:  •    uln.'li    ;~   inclii'l.-.l 

'oial.     In  is'.il  th.-y  w«-rr  IISM- 
rii<-  lire-stock  a^.-^mri,- 
creasexl  in  all  tlx-  counties  l>\    tin-  S 
In    providing   for  the   liouiitii->   t..   I 

i:iv«-   jn-t    naiiicil    t\\. 

supply  for  the  fund— one  tin-  stai.-  and 

\vlii. -h  ."i  p»-r  cent.  ; 

piirpoM*.  and  tin-  other  a  tax  of  l^mill  <>n 
Sessed  value  <>f  live  xt,.,-k  throughout    tin 

-tinutted   that    the   j 
will  aiiKiuut  tnalxiiit  )?20,000.  ai 
will  he  raided  l.y  the  tax.     The  as>e-sed  \ 

-    •        s: :.: :« 1 1   , ; 
The  balances  "t»  hand  in  the  follo-.\ 

:.  IS!»r,,   w. 

•J"  :  p.  rmaiient  -eh.  <>1  fund.  $1" 
ineome   fund,  $!! 
N"i(».lM:   Normal    School    i.ond    fund. 

Capitol  building  fund.  *J. 
school    liuililin^r   fund.  $1." 

Colletre  oond   fiiml.  s:  •,.  ral  fund.  sil'J.- 

•ll'i. !».">:    >t<>ek     inspection    and    del. 

ek  in.lemnityfun.l.  >  -l.rrp 

•ion  and  indemnity  fund.  s."(. »;:•;.  n  :  St»t<- 
l»onnty   fund,  %'>. .".:; :    beantif> 
grounds,  $3 

Kdllf-lltioil.  —  Tlldel      the     new     law     the 

-ehool  fund  was  established,  and   f.V 
from   the  sale  and 

iry  at  the  end  of  th- 
divid.-d    Hinoiii;  the  co unties  at  $!.:?( i 
The  number  Of  children   lu-t  \\.-en  the  ap-- 
and  t 

The  State  1'nivers,' 
for  the  fit>t    time   in    Sept. -ml  • 
us  president.      Missoida    - 
new  scluKil    lniildinp  for  the  nui\ersity  in 

shall  ha\ .  ue. 

The  Agricultural  ( 'oll.-^. 
f-nrollment  of  li>(»  the  fir-t  term  of  ti  • 
has  a  farm  <>f  : .  md  a  \<\\\ 

let  for  bin 

A  luiililinc  has  been  rinish(.,i  for  lh. 
.static. n. jmd  s.-veral  farm  buildings.     Ten;! 

•:iinodat  ion<  are  provided  for  tl 
Contracts  have  also  Keen    let    for  l.uildi; 

Vorinnl  Scho..|  at   Dillon, 
state  Institutions. The  report 

.  f..r  the  year  ending 
r»ws   a   total   of  :!'j'l    con 
whom  are  sentenced  for  forty  years,  and 
life.     The  current  expense  for  the  year  ww 


ha*  a  length  oM3  «tW    Tfce  canal  la*  a 


MJ  MflfltMi   in     rat* 


•.-   .»    '    .      :   •   .- 

r  labor,  whirl,.         MtatrU,. 

»f  $1  a  day,  amounted  to  PIUlML  !•  .  tne  bat  UgHntnr* 

•m  of  nil  land,  in  wfcte*  la*  ft** 

mnaic.  I. 

<n.iirnenta,UM  performer*  to  the  Territory  *ma«aito* 

\  -I    «».  »«-r»-.;  «i,.l 

'.       Itotli     M 

WJIOjOt  have   been 

.  • . 

• 

irulnr.      for  !«•  lha  „.      WhrflMOMftf 

•      •       •  • 

nnaiirnt  M-h...l  fund,  whife  the  tet^teal  a*d 
-e^ahowv  thnr 

.  *-k     INM  .»,  ,^im.i«r  M  MMUembljT  W 

ni'l  Itliml  ('In).     111 

tn     taim 
-all   tl 

i -i.. (,.     I  hi*  ameon  m  SI5JSI4.     Ihtrtng  IW  arnaiai  U 

-'JO  made  provwion  for  suit-     forwarded  fUftjUdSI  to  tne  amteUry  of  IW 

(wtravv. 


•  -M  .1  it. 

for  )«M  than  il,,. 

•     •     •  • 

rinmirnt   M  h...|  fund.  vblU 
ntaU  K.,  into  lb»  pmrrml  »-h...l  f«ft4. 
I".!  u4»rt*-TW*iia|Hftp«< 

tt4  «M  Mt7.400    oaiNk.  .n-l  IW     *^tM    *a 


IT,  hwl  .  ilry  iiiiiin  m  rafevmbb  M4  oalr  to 

rurt..  but  tlao  le  Ik.—  *«, 


.  trl*.  of     ' 

1    M,    I 

r.avr  bum  fpfnfUd  flan 


« >f  t  h,  Uiul  given    g*nd  in  i.Urrr  mining.    V 
0  nerc«  were  put    valuaMr  Amb  hi 


the   MM 
•at  ion     running 


irkto  daring  th*  jmr.    On*  «l  ia«w  to 
'  x.lual.lr  o«%  in  a  -Uii  w»a  • 
r  Mat  Md  went  UMMdi  I!***,  wnMi 


j  i  no  riKiu  Of  tlM  OM     h».l  I 

»mp  wnkll  nw  l««* 
WM  decide!  I'.v  the    lure- 

ry  rWh goUoc* nt  WhtieUll In l W 


U  fMowkmned  if    .i.-fn.».  >»„%   raportnl    r.  j  - .      \    • 

td  to  bnve  bea«  mnd»  on  K««  rr*v« 


Hailronil  <  ^  I  ou-hi     nu.\«-  De  Borgia,  and  tl 

«d  lUniini.  hea 

f  tli.-  ro«.l  >  t<>  !•«•     ti.  n  thi»  anaann.  aleo  thi 
.ii.l   <  Lit,  .-na,  while  the 


na.  one  of  Ine  oideef  to  tW 
brought  into  * 
^Hk».-  -  nare   I 

,'  Mvingn  Unkit     where  rich 

Mtt:   IXWIIH  HH.I  .li^-..iiiii-.  $fl«2..    are  St.  Loaie,  Wrrk  rreek.  to 
* '-4.050.00:  nml    IW-U  creek,  nr 

reek.  Curlew,  and   PrtrWf 
holies    fiirn 

'•••*•«  M 

!«if»  ^jrjt**  »l^vlffrr*  * 

'«*«  $S31.81D.21  ;  total.  $2,Wl.8W.6S.  '«.     Tbe  ropner  w>orn§  al  Annnaniaa  a**^ 

-.W.OOO;    a  t«a,*riM   f.^  turning  ont  *»  U*e  nf  nfnea) 

m-    t^.i1«-r» 

l|4epoeiu  »uhjc<  t  • ..  .-  .    '*.  VV>.H.V» -^ ;  "-         >  '^-.       '-'    \t++ml* 

tn    IhlJ.* 


r  irrigating  canal  in 
ad- 
A  canal  m     i* 


rll.,w,tonr  aUnit  a 

wide  on  I  be 

on  the  bench   land 


nltMnr»a»M- 


. 


Tb*  silver  U  animated  at  the  coinage  vn. 
ft  1.39  an  ounce, 

rrl*o«.-The  now  military  J*wt  was 
T^Kiuk^  at  Helena  in  September,  when  2 
companies  of  infantry  am-. 
boineto  garrison  t  ».  :.«•  site  com 

IjNOaorel  "f  which  300  acres  are  hilly  ».,.!  will 
in  time  be  oaed  for  bomb-proof  «•!!  . 
all  the  building*  are  up  they  will  form  a 

A  oofopMe  circle.    AppropmtioM  aavmnttaf 

»     .     .  .       .  .      •  .  \s  .•,,;.;  -..\'  ''.i  I  h.  in. 

TB|.    ,  I  •  ,i  .,  •  .       --vrrnl    hutiiir. 

that*  Indian*  formerlv  living  ID    British  terri- 
tory, but  «\|-«lriated  in  the  Hi.  -I   n-U-llion.  an- 
•     .-•«••     ;  •  rfl     fclj   »wi  •  and  :i 

toner  to  the  peoplt  m  the  sparsely  settled  «lis- 
The  Leip»lature  adopted  a  memorial  to 
tteowrMi  iilrlnf  "  —  tt.,v  might  IK-  returned  to 
their  own  «\  on  some  of  the  re- 

awed  land.    This  was  vetoed  by  the  Go\ 
oa  the  ground  that  the  only  proper  course  wan 
to  insist  upon  Uw  removal  of  these  foreign  In 
diam  from  the  State.    The  veto  was  •attained. 

lx-rM«llfe8e*alon.—  The  Legit*]. 
WBtd  Jan.  7,  and  adjourn.-  joint 

ballot,  the  inn  had  56  members.  the 

Democrat*  ]  the    Fusion   ami 

I'opulwu  8.  the  Independent  RepabUoaju  and 
PopolbU  1.    Representative  Swelt  was  Speaker 

us* 

Two  United  Slates  Senators  were  to  be  chosen, 
one  for  the  regular  terra  beginning  March  4, 
UM,  and  one  to  fill  a  vacancy  caused  bythofaU- 

are  of  the  thml  Ix-gislative  Assembly'  to  ,.1,.,-t. 

i!    :  .         :•>'.!    [AC   Mat.tl,-  forth,- 

vacancy  an<l  Thomas  II.  rart.-r  for  th«-  full  term. 

Before  the  vote  was  taken  a  communication  was 

•f  House  from  the  A.  1'.  \. 


tan  in  Itutt*-.  protesting  against  the  election  of 
Mr.  Cartrr.  who  i*  a  (  '.,  A  hen  t  h.-  rrailing 

had  proceedMl  far  enough  to  show  tho  tenor  of 
the  remonstrance  its  reading  was  interrupt.--!. 
and  by  onanimoos  vote  the  House  directeil  that 
U  be  returned  as  unopened.  All  the  Ik-publican 

-      •     '      :'-••..  •:..'..  •  v 

radical  work  of  the  session  was  the  adop- 
..••;,  irepared 

Code  Commiarion.    It  was  not  merely  a 
f  e,  iting  laws  of  the  State,  but  in- 

•    *      •        •  -;••     iaih    in    the    00d«   of 

eivil  procedure,  where   the  code  prepare.  1   for 
York  bv  David  Dudley  Field  waa  mainly 
The  House  committee  to  whi<  1 


the  4  oodes— VUL,  the  code  of  civil  pr... 
the  penal  code,  the  , -ml  ,.,„!,..  Mn.l  the 
U  r..le— reported   that    th-v   should   be 
•MM  at  the  earliest  day  po». 

Thr  rodcs  were  enrolled  and  passed  as  recom- 
SMSMMt.  and  amended  in  van 
especially  the  political  code.     A  bill 
wrmrt  practices  at  elections  and  n-.juirin g 

MM.U 

«ota«  iHname  a  Uw.  and  one  to  regulat 


r. 

and  primary  elections.    An 
tlire  to  the  marking  of  ballot*  was  vetoed 
orrr  the  veto. 


. 

rw  law  on  tho  NUe  of  property  for  delinquent 
fcwsji  was  ameixlM. 


..jfMp  weys  iojUodoeed  for  the  creation  of  4  new 
•ttsa^sjc  only  ft*  Carbon  and  Sweet  Grass, 


;llwas  paRsc.l  author  urtinn 

,   at  llrlei. 

.  proi  idi-d  for  a  coinmisj 
UUV  ft  M'|-.     'I'lic  money  is  to  come  from  1 
of 'lands  given   to  Mon'tnna  by  the  ( ...\.imu, -nt 
for  such  purpose. 

A  law  wn-  all  forms  of 

Ming,     lletvlofore  LM 
licensed;  the  n-\<  mi>    fr»m  tin-  ».   . 
was  $84,804.44,  ••!  «!.;•  h  th.-  Si 

fourth.      The    new   law.  |  •'.. 

;i  line  w  n  h  mo-t  of  the  other  States 

ii  .Inly  1.  n 
;ne  gambling  places  were  clo» 

Was    claim. -d     (hat     the     hiW    Was    li 
tMMBed.  o\\  ;  '    tie.   whirl: 

iMielidmellt    to  a  section    in   |h< 

contained  m»  reference  to  garnblini:.     Te- 
were  brought  bef..re  two  district  ju<L 
cided   that    llu-   law  was  \oid,  and   t),. 
wasaflirmed  by  the  Supreme  Court. 

The    iramo   laws  were  amended,     i 
allowed    throughout    the  year,  but    can    I 
only   with   a    pole,   hook   and    line. 

.     buffalo,    ojiiail    and     Chinese     pi,. 
female  moos,-  and  elk  are  protected 
The  o|  for  bull  moose  and  elk   i 

i     to     |>ec.    IT).       The    open    sea-oil     f-  ' 

mountain    sheep,    Kocky    .Mountain    goat - 
antelope    is    from    Sept.    l.*i   to   .Ian.    1.      1 
that  time  n..  person  is  allowed  to  kill  moi 
s  animals  of  each  kind.    Prairie  chicken.  L 
fool   hen.  pheasant,  or  partridge  ca. 
between   Aug.   15  and   .Ian.   1.  and   durii 
open  sea-on  no  more  than  100  bird-  • 

•  •  killed.      Ducks,  brant,  and  gi 
hunted  between  Aug.  Hand  Msiy  I"1 
of  singing  Itinls  are  protected  f 
of  I-'j-h  and  (Jame  Commissioners  was  cr*1;. 

Later  in  the  year  the   Attorney-* 
cided  that   the  faw  •  iidi  was  i 

fiealcd  or  amended,  is  still  in   force.     That  law 

I  it  illegal  to  kill  any  elk  or  moose  ! 
year-. 

ral  bills  were  introduced  providing  for  the 
establishment    and    maintenance   of 
home,  each   naming  a   location.     Tl  • 
fern-d   to  the   ('..mmittee  on   State  Instil 
and  it   reported  a  sub-t it ute  which 
providing   for  the  location  of  a  sold 
but  leaving  the  selection  of  a  ail  mitteo 

tennis,  to  be  ap|*.inted  l»vtl 
no  more  than  2  to  to  be  from  the  - 
Army    po*t.     Appropriations  of   $10,000   for  a 
building  and  $i:{.(HK)  for  support   for  tw< 
viade.     The  committee  decided  npo; 
at  Columbia  |-'alN.  .">(>  feet  al-ove  l-'lathea-: 
and  about  half  a  mile  from  th- 
Railway.     Other  acts  of  the  session  v 

dinjr  for  n  B  tier. 

.  •  ?    riL'eriey    I 

\sith    the    lilireuu    of  A'gricultUP 
In.lustry. 

•liiiif  f«r  tin-  payment   ,,f  }, 

Utock-dctttroying    HUIMKI]-    un<i    t<>    .-n  ate    a    j^^^l 
fund. 

vide  a  floral  einMem  t 

rotecl  aMOcjations  ari'l   union-  -.t' wrk 
and  persona  in  their  la; 

f-.r  the  erection  of  buildings  for  ti. 

al  School. 


:«»X.\L  A« -AIUIM-I  KKCBB, 


1-0  *    Si**  **«*«»  A»er£ln  ^tSTw^lT 


ft^.^isi 

of  iMfsmlfi    miM 


?££!£  ^mimjsm^um^sssfs^ 


,-.-„.„.,.,     «*« 


*  *    ill 

V,"  ball  and  the    member*  during  the  yw  mm  *: 
ft 


'"  **  "**    •  •  "„, jj—— 

I    MA     -•    - 

_..... 


u         The^tirnUniMionarirwartaltheClMNftto 
u,,l.rM..  «W%'C'      I.PMI,, 

tl..       «t     MIMWOH     —    -,*'.., 

the  vorkl.  rrerhioff  from  AUaU  t«  A««Mlf 


ft  culture  and  tho  manufacturv  of    and  from  Ol*r> 

that  a- 

•uiMionari^  I4M  n. 
ncatioiu  for  holding    80S   communicant    memb**,   I7JM 


'A\  -lay  M  h... 

-lut tin-  ftttl..l  t<> 

•d. 

I  V  N  ^  >g  is  a  nimmanr     ino'rr  than  in 


»f  members  of  Sunday    cent  .  ffort  wa» 

wn).  10..  ,  -  n,t     i,,  p«       • 

h  Mi|.|-.rt.  $ni.-J7»;:    MJiita   r. :.:     '   ^.:-::  jMisinr.  tig 


Tie  object*  for  which  debt  was  canceled, 
re  takyn  inrlmle  re-        The  annual   -  Te\t  U.4"  of  the 

;  4:11  Church  U  substantially  the  -ITHT  tkro« 

i, home  missions,  tne  w««rl«l.  »uh  only  soch  chaa\^*» 

•1     ..tli.-r    MuraTian  t«.  «,|«,  t  .- 

Proflnce,— Number  rua^r*,  and  about  I 

.'inmiiiiK-anU,  Oerman.  18.000  in 

total     membership.  The 

iday   m-h«M.k   3.514.  KnffIMi  and  ?.:  ". 

».  12.933  communi-  printed,  some  of 


IK    ••  i-.  :-.      '•  ' 


N 

IUTIONA1     kCADBMl    <*i     ^  is.  The  flm  or  »taUd  •i^mi  wae  WM  to  Wa^> 

-I-  incloa  oo  April  !•  19     Oil  that   .Hidii  Ike 

-A.  foUowissipvmwMvrMd 
,-n  Secretary.  Alexander  Agawit:       -  j««ls»  m  ,w  FkeMa  BMT  a«4  -TW  PIMMW 

HIM  SfVilwlAPV     A         \     II    II  •  T  r*»r    J  ihn  A/  iK^  t*MUb^«^^^         tW«  P  -^^JM^^  ^  liM  J IS>* 

'BUlings.    Tw\>  mSSSno  wm  held  in  18M  ItSSTaSTJ          sBlSi 


,DBMY  OP  8< 


NATIONAL  GUARD, 


\a 


'':•;•'•.: 


.  •  • 
V 

C.  • 


1).  fop*;  -8y«u»nMUc  Catalogue  ot 


Ttic*»l<>rv  (till;  "On  the  A; 
g*  Metli'xl 

i    .-..-:    \     1»,  riniti.'.n  ••!   Kli-vi'ii 

hip*  n 
iU'iranran  S 

'!        .'       '.-       '.'     \>.     ';,-.    1    .Ms.   :i!l   1 


•    :    .-    •  -   •.;.    \  .:•-.  -i   M. 
•  >  the  Mean 
dml  MII  . 

oa:  «'hl-. 

apero  were  rend  by  gentlemen 

\     .,   ,     :,;. 

'     tatiori  «.ftlie. 

f  Dr.  Lewi*  JL  KuUicrfurd  n  wua 
min  A.  Gould. 

.       .•     •   \  .  M'  -    ..f    t  hi-    i;;it  ||,-r- 

nuti  -M  <>f  tho  Watson 
er.  of  rainliriil^f.  f<.r  h 
an  at  ion  of  latitudes,  on  varia- 
"th««rwork  ,omy." 

T  Ui«-  following  now  in. 
illinfti    L.   Klkin.  «.f  t|M-  a.«tn>- 
f  Yah-  UnirenityjChwlw 
nnt«nh?al  »lc*|>»rtni 
bm  II. 

:  '  •  irl.f<  O.  Whit- 
gioil  department  of  the  Uni- 
»>.  Abo  t!u>  following  f 

:  i-l-lph    IxMickart,  of 

:  and   Julitit   von   Sin 

At  the  tmsineas  session 


•aw*  w»i*  chown.  and  t  ho  change*  made 

'        '.'.: 

pwwt  of  ionria*Q  i 
Md  OM  itiiiTim 


the 


,  - 

lexander  Agassiz  to  the 
»  ouuocil  chosen  were: 


.!.   Hru-li.  <.f   \.-\v  II.-i\,-ii:   Hi-njjuuifi  A. 
.  "f  <  aiiil»ri<lu'''  :  Siiuoii  Ni  •\vi-mnh.  «.! 

.   ..f   .Iclilis    ||,  i|,  kins;    ( 
.:,!;    Mil.  I    Ollmirl  C, 

In   n  with   thr   n-.iiiir.Mii. 

\\  ill  .if   I'r-  •  i.anl.  <>f  (  'olmi 

:iy  selected  tin-  i 
ill.  .11  t<>  tin*  trust  «Ts,,f  Colmn! 
lege  as  thatof  tho  fM  i<  i  i  :  i   m.-i  \v»rtli\ 

•.rt\  iniMJiil.  \vhi.-li  i-  M.. 
I..  tli«-    ..-rs,.ii  \\li-.  shall  ha\r  in 


If   t.y  a  ilis,-,,vrry  in   |.h\>i.'al  m 

Tin-  drat  lisof  .laiiit-s  |-'il  \\ar-: 


and  .'  i  \\.T.-  aim 

tin-  pn-|iarali<in  of  I.  ..f  i|,«, 

deoeaeod  a«-:..i.  mi'  ians  assigned  res; 
Georae  W.  Hill  and  l-Mwanl  s.  hana.    Ti, 
of  Jonn  Nf-wtmi  i.ccurn-.l  ! 
iii.-nil»crs  will  lie  found  i-|s,.wln-r«-  in  this  \ 
The  wientiflo  seasion  wafl  held  in  lv 

'.'    :{0.  wlirll  till-  follow 

toiiLrh  the   Coral    M<-«  •'. 
••  Tin-  Film 
•   url  Atn-roi.l."   I. 

'  >liu,|i;i,l;|."     :,||.. 


A  liiiaui  l\".   I  • 
iliurChura  "On  a 

I'tilinn  <  >r.- 

•!i  tin-  Alkali  Uranateft,"  i>y  woloott 

"  <  Mi  f 

II  :  "  <  Mi  the  A-1 

"  <  Mi  tin-   Hmadeiiiii^  nt'  SiHM-tral  ) 
i  1  l'n-»un-,"  l»y  Alii.  : 

Dr.  (Jil.hs  itn-sidrd   for  tin-   !ir-t  time 
^.•--i.>n,  and   delivered  an  adilress  in  \\i, 

!'••'!   the  functions  of  th.- 

lie  adoption  of  certain  rules  p. 
meeting  of  the  Academy  two  important 

\vere  passed.     The  first,  of  cm 
to  .1.  iVter  Lesley  on   lln-  .-ucn-ssful  term, 
of   the   second    and   jjn-at    p'oloL'i'-al    sur 

vlvania.  tln>  i.  B  been 

uiven  to  the  pnlilic  in  over  !.">()  (H-t  a 
The  second,  like 

.John  S.  Billinur><.      I'  was  in  appreciation 
completion  of  In-  (rue  of  the  Arm\ 

cal  Library"  and  the  is-ue  of  the  -i\te.-i; 
final  volume  of  that   uneqiialed   L'lfi   t.-t: 
sii-ian  and  m.-dical  scholar  of  tin-  world. 
N  VI  ION  M.       «,l    MM».        The      a-L 

•  h   of  the   National  (inard  of 
States,  ascertained    from    l-'.-d.T.il  ai 
•  her  with  data  supplied  dn 
and  Territorial  authorities,  bringing  re». 
nearlv  as  po-sil,],.  up  to  dat.    i-  1  1  I.- 

Independent   force.      In  addition  to  < 
gregate  given  above  t 

—altered  throughout  th- 

-t  attached  or  re8pon-il> 

•r  Fwleral  military  or  admin; 
th  or  it  ion.  No  reliable  data  can  I.. 
show  : 

ent   orj  -  :   l»nt   in 

thousands  would  be  added  to  tl 


of  Each  Arm.— The  National  « 

r  consists  of  about  1,500  general  ai 
officers,  and    a    i.-^inieni 
and  men  of  »7,!X)0  infantr. 
artillery,  1,4^J8  cadets,  and  :;.:5I^)  naval   i 


NATIONAL 


Armament.— All  tin-  infant r»  ...     tailing 

N 

Doming,  ai 


Aprincfleia  rifle,  emUb. 

•U    iHik 
•Ue  lirmtiu 

•  (..-•«-  Slalr.  ,.  4MT7. 

l.^art,ll7y..»d4»7tt.^mltitS..    TW**£ 

'-•r   of  a.lult.    lul.lr   to   «rr,r  *  M^rl-i  l~  I. 

:inr,--im-  p-n.-rai  .,,„.!. >.,.•,  ,.f    ;I.;;.M  ,;      i ...     lf. 

dn.enr  Arid 


fair  but  many  arm-  an-  un-    oomprmm  57 

gun-,  ami    1 

niameBt.— Thr  arm-  of  thr  ,-a\-     available  , 

the   mine    kiml  •»  ih.~-    u-««l    l.«          South  I  Mitral    Uhl-loa.      I  -  .    >.    .-.,  .  ,, 

tnl  ilivbion  rnmrfpt  T-narr. 

MaUma,  MiexMppi.  l^mmlana,  1 
«hm-    not,  r.-uUdon   ,  .ir|,,h,  ,  ar,   ,  .lt        bom*,  and  AffaM 

•'4.    TW  artoally  ormmanl 

<lr\    ariiiain.nl    im  lml«-*  »Jry.  IjHL  _ 

r.  ami  thr  arum       !  ; 

Uw  MTerttl  8UUe  ranges  from  thai  0011      •--,....;.-.•.        .    .-; 


•arbim-  an  tht*  only     1,-nr  armammt   a«ailabU-  ior|«k»  SI 

4  tialliag  KU. 
atralnr  depend  en- 


W/l^tAPB      llitl«il    •          TJ^      \4  r^«««     Al*i 

\  MiiaiiH-nt.     I  ti-    total  ar  > 'Jttiing.  CVilatmfai  JUrm 

WOOrtlinu-  •  I  in.  M   r-        M  .«da.  Idaho.  ***4 

rw 

•II  v  rrnuth  atfgregaUd   ' 

n.    The  men  in  D                   general-  £i.!4?.    Thr  actually  orgnab< 

i.h-  in.l.Vi  iiifm.n*.  •»»• 

i.  ami  in  a  -mall  numl-.  r  of  J,«ttrric>  1 1..-  tn.n  :i|."»  naTal  militia.    TW  nnmWr  ol 


with  rillr-  or 

''i.iii-avail-  ini-nl  a\ailal>l< 

i.linu'  ami    I'J   (iallinjc   guns,     TW 

i.  ami  hospital  t.iit*.  IH  ln.»'.!  |.  available  it  681. 

hy  <i n.n pv  <  ,,u,|,i,  traemof  Krp«rU.-li 

MN-timial  in  piling  over  thr  >ut.    r»  j. 
•if  »Tno|*i  )>  more  complete  than 

low*  is  gtren  by  gcographiml  -I.  tail-  arr  wanlini;.  thr  drfert  rmi 

North  At!  lark  of  inform** fc 

«•««,   Rhode    Inland,    ('on-  ^ufflcirntly  nhau»li«e  U»  W  mvfiO.    WWevlW 

..1   IVnnnvl-  fipir. 


Mni-lon.-Tho  aggregate     ' 


•i». 

an  au-  -ir-lv  I   .t.  m  a  role. 

Tin-  total  of  infan-  given  herein  to  frwi 

888;  cavalry.  881 :  famed  ovrrthr  »igneiMVofa 

aval  mill-  thr  fart-  n. 

State  and  1 

W8JI78^aV     Th.  alramlTr 

•aniied  militia  in  fn»ro  thr  frvrral 


h    \tl.iut:       II  ,n.     Tho  Smth 

tml. 

MM. 

Carolina.  South  rarolin.i.  Georgia,   ami 

-talr     cerx97« 

' 

109  art  ill-  .^e«t»lnr.a«daWM- 

•Ir  to  »erve  i-  lery.    TW  n«mWr  of  minlU  in  tW 

mamrnt  to  eprre  to  l«8^N8l    h>g4m*e4al  ro 

le  consist^  of  90  onlinar>  •      I  piecn^  6  occupy  tea  day*. 


ll 
laUma  Slalr  irwM  I* 


.  ' 


An  annual  Slate  appropr.  •  1«*  forrn- 

iea, 

i;   Federal.  1HW.  $»^ 
u.  nt  i»  the  same  as  that  used 
by  United  8lal«s oaralry.     Artillery  equipment 
8  3-inch  rifle  gun*  and   7  Galling 


KTh»  infantry  ann  U  the  BprinffUld  rillr. 
r.  .•  .m.  n!  ha*  388  wall  toni*.  supplied  b;r 

.  ..:.„  .;  for  hospi- 
tal u«r.     Kat'h  r«mMiiM  .  in   ..nli-r  (<>  <lraw  the 


uuartrrir  armory  rent  allowance  of  $50  must 
drill  at  least  ontv  a  m»nih.  with  an 
of  i**  In*  than  •„'•»  r«nk  AIU!  flle  in  uniform.    The 
dnlU  actually  occur  miirh  ..ftener.     Armon.s 
of  a  dublike  character  are  own.il  or  hu 
^Mle  or  combined  companies,  accon! m;;  to  U> 

HlomiarekeptAt  tr 

Abnot  »>  f  th,-  orK-an./ed  force  can 

be  eoaeantrateil  for  wen-ice  within  twenty-four 
boar*  80  per  cent,  mthirtv  and  iX)  per 

la  fbrty-aigni  h  .us  are  now 

for  •**  in  anr  emergency.     Kiu'hty  |>er  cent  of 
UM  force  would  turn  out  for  sixty  days. 


fork, 


.—  The  authorized  strength  of  th« 
Aru>m«  NaliiHi,  -iially 

.'•••          '       '        •     ,.:    :    l.;i. 
u.fwjtnr.  f..rm«l    into  a  n-u-iuM-nt.   with 
-  ai  Tucson.    The  regiment  oonsi- 

for  b€wpiul  service.    The  numlM-r  of 

|»n«Moo  of  $880  for  each  company.    Th«- 
d*ral  appro, 


was 


h, 


, 
Caau 

5J?  'V,tnnaniesd 

V«'  '.  -f..r.lrill  puraoses 

Hmat«Boai>.<  tl>  in 
"»  arailabb  a*  t< 

-The  a,,ihnri«ed  strength  of  ,h, 
lyonthe 

;      , 

>«WEp.S74  infant  rr.  39  cav- 
BarUliery.    Thi.  force  is  formed  into 


!•!'.  with  headquarters  at  Forresl  Gil 

consist*  of  ii  infantry  n-^iini-ntx  ,,r  Latiai 
troop  of  cavulry.  and'  1  li-ln  l»atirr\  of  ai 
Tin-  niiinl»crof  aiiults  in  ihr  Statr  1'ialili-  ] 

all  aiuliul.i 

:iplIir||l-..r,MI|i, 

dam 

^latr  ajipropriat  i"ii. 
Tin-  Kc<li>ralii|iproprnition.  1s'1 
Cavalry  an-  arm.-.l  with  «-;n-!,ii, 

Tht-    l.a" 

inn/./lr-loailin^  piccrs  ainl  'J  (iatlin- 
infant  r\  ann   i*  tin-  S|.rin^li.-|.l 
u'.-i'l'1  IMISSCSSCS  296  tenl-.  im-lu'linj   II  win 
ami  .'»  for  huspitai  use.     ('ompain.'-  ilnli 
week.     <>n,.   infantry  c..tii| 
owns   an    armory  :    other    annorii^ 

an-  n»  anetiall  in  th«-  State. 
Wit  hin  t  \\rniy-four  hoiir>  t  IK-  \\  hole  (»r^a 

:    at    aii\    )• 

main  lin<->  of  railroad.    About  7<l 
force  would  turn  out  for  >j\iy  da\-. 

California.—  Thr  auth<  •• 
National  (tuurd  of  California  i-  S,1?'J.      I 

tually  or-ani/rd  fon-r  iin-lnd«-  H',1  . 
staff  ofl'n-i-rs  "Jl.")  nt  her  oHi«-.  •!'-.  !.«'- 
261  cavalry,  586  artillery,  an.  1  :',!:•  naval  n 

This    !  :-:m-d    into  a   di\  i-iou   «,f    • 

••oiiijiriximr  s  r.--iiiiriit>  aiirl  a  i 
infantry,  a   n-^inn-nt    ..f  artillery   arnird 
fantry/2  li-hi   l.atten«-<  of  artillery. 
•  •avalry.  and    1   ^\^]\:i\  f»r\*.     The   n. 
ion,  ,,f  J  coiii|,aiiiev.  js  no)   included  in  ti 
*ion.  lint  acts  undtTthr  Adjutant  (icni-rai 
State.     The  divisional   hi-adqnartrrs  an-  . 
Kran.-i-r-ii.     lli-aih|iiarii-rs  of  liri^ad. 
An-el.-.    San     l-'raiie. 
Chico,  and  I'lun-ka  respect  ivcly.    Th- 
of  the  _'im«-nN  and  'liattali- 

iril.uied    in    cities   ami    towns    thr-   . 
Ambulance  corps  ami  ho-pii.: 
attached  to  each  l>rii:;ide.    Signal  <-or; 

been  or^ani/ed  for  --v.Tal  brigade!. 
ber  of  adults  in  the  Slate  liable 

'.pllielit  s   ..ecilpy   seVell     t«. 

There  is  aii  annual  State  appro: 
$180,000.  The  Federal  appropriate- 
$7,844.58. 

ilry  troops  are  anm-d  with  Spin 
uid   sal»er- 


for  one  half  -.f  ea<  h  tr-.oji.     TI 
artillery  carry  7  I  'a  IT.  .11  rifled  -'. 
0  liatlit..   .  -J  II    '•  hkiac  _  ins,  and  1  :: 
rifle.     Infantry  parry  the  S|.rin-lield  rifle. 
average  camp  e<|ui  p..  h   iv-im.  ; 

eludes  12  wall  tents.     |.;a,.h  compai: 
ii|.on  to  attend  :{  drills  a   month   «••>. 
'•ember.    Cavalry  niii^t  have  mounted  dril 
a  year.    Armories  are  not  State  prop. 
"f  them   are   rente.  I.     There  an-   no  n 

tte.     There  are  several   indep.  ! 
panics,  in  addition  to  th. 

:!ii/ati..n«.  in  the  lar^ercr 
•    to  twel\ 

whole  or#tni/«-d   force  except    ','  ci.uip.' 
a-einble    within    three    da\-    at     San     : 

Sacramento,  or  L 

would  srrvi-  for  sixty  d 

<  oloiMilo.  -Tin-   auth'ori/ed 
Nati.,nal    (fuanl  of  Col.,rado    i 

tually  organized  force  includes 


NATI«  \KH 


*  officer*.  886  infantry.  69       ( 

week.  There  u 
I  troop  oJ 
liKhi  •ftHlejy,  and  a  *tfnaJ 

•  |Mirt  of  iht,  ... 


tran  -• 


|N  n     i  •  • 

lliitr- 
itU  riM- 

l  (.-iil-nii.! 


,'hout  railr.-ail 
within  I- 

'.••riied   sti 
•nnccticut  U  4,888. 

•.jil   inilitiii,  tnid  86 
•h    IM-JI.I.J 

hioe-gmi  > 

regiment  b  aaaign* 
i  an  ambulance  con*  and 
number  of  adult*  u 
•M80.    Brigade  encamp 

Aea|>|  und* 

federal  appro- 
•17. 
Mrs  nml  4  (iatliQfL 

nmn 

18   tents     'I'h.-n-  are  0 

of    thr-4-     IN-I.  : 


at  l. -II  kll*> 


.  would  turn  out 

The  author!/.. 1  strength  - 

i  ho 
consist*  of  15  gcngnU  and 

tiiiinU-r    ..f    :i.|  .  SUt.- 

t  Wilmington.     Tht-rv  b  an  am 
was  granted  in  1«M. 


DUtrirt    of 

I.-*  64  .u*  onV 

|fatt  n,  :.•:.•••:•     'A 

;;;.  S!  . 


cavalry,  a  baltrry  of  lighietli 
talioii.  an  ambuUncr  corp^a 

:  .  i:     .    . 

-.gnal  dutir,  .: 

:  .  ,  •  ,     r  .  •      '  % 

lH.1.1..   to   ^T^,    ,.   .1-  ,,t    I.V.i 

°D?lE.>t.Mb  a  iWriet 

wm  *.'»••  H..    •  , 

<  aralry  rarr> 
TolvefK  and  Mhom> 


Camp  « 

moo.  and    1"    h.»|.iul    Irttin 

oocea«e»k.    TWt»  are  •  halb  «e>  4r«  pev 

; 

no   .,r-cii«:.  in  thr   l»i^n.«.     Inliioj^l  <Me> 
man.1.  OOe»M^  «aJ   IdW  IW   CNd 

<tu«rd«.  and  wwraJ  r«la««4  veaeMMem 

llwlBMtojeil»< 
on  IVon*?lra«ia  AVOM».  u  i 


four  hotirx      Srrrott  -H  •<•  fwf  rw«t.  of  Ibr   fjf«* 

w.HtM  nmfiaeMl  for  a  tewnt  ur»  of  «tr«K«.    Fbr 
a  long  IOTB  of  •nrlee*  the  vtwlt  fare* 


I  W  r«- 


- 


NATION  A! 


Brm-^   ,,f  infantrr  and  artillt-r>.     The   ! 
quarter*  ..f  Iwiulion*  art*  at  Jacksonville,  bees- 
b«r*  r»ma<inls   («an 
M1gL»  of  «lult 
»  60,000,     Encampments  oocup>   aU.ui 

tVffv  It  a  State  appropriation  ,-• 

li^iiMiiinn  aian  mlditi   mil  -um-  (••r.-th.r 

. 

tmtutm*     The  FWeral  appropriat  ion,  itAH,  was 

KM  ran*  ars  tned  bv  the  artillery.     In- 
tomtrrmwr—1-  are  armed  ^ 
SK7  Thr  ramp  equipam  includes  81»l 
U«U  and   14  for  hospital  use. 
rwrairoi  t-.  drill  omv  a  wr«k.     In  • 
wbtrv  A  •••>ii|^i>  -I  oountj  authorities 

proTuir    for   ar  is   no   arsenal 

§|0mi  an>  h« M  at  tin-  <  apit.-l. 

Tbr  niAMlliillli    of    lime    n.c,  -  nceli- 

tratiotint  i  !.  ailed 

-..,,,    ,,:,-.  »(  organizcfl 

stwfth  would  respond  for  duty;  -i-ut  if  f<>r 

ill  would  IK-  ruin-.u-  to  the  IMI-I- 
tmvof  tnm  V.  -  r-  and  men." 


I'M  MK. 

Mew  Jrnwjr  N.  Q. 

Clwnrla.— The  authorised  strength  of    tJic 
Sut^  11,1  in m,  known  **  the  Georgia  Vo I u 
h  IfJWH     "f 

mm  an  colored.    The  actually  organ i/.-i  f..r« ••• 
'  .   ••      588  caraTrr,  ]:;j  artil- 
,!  26H  naval  militia,    Of  thaw.  (Q  ofli.-. -r, 
and  1.076  men  are  colored.    There  are  no  divi- 
.  •  •     .•.'.;••     infantry    force 
mtaint  t  rej^flMDliof  8  battalion.H,  4  repi ; 
!  HattalwiM,  and    1    Imitation   unae*i. 
Jhm art  4  battalions  of  white cavaln.  n.rlu-l- 

Tv,    -.O.it.- nrtil- 
2  unaflrfned  companies.     1 

•  '   •   4   unaflBtgii'  <l   '  '  niiianies 
•:».aU,  1  oon 

^tnpany  of  colored  artillery. 
•  •»»  »m»>«i?anc«  c^rp.     • ,!  »  hospital 
>  a   »»kTiAl    <v,rp«.    The  number  of 

•     is  2<;: 
t^n  dayn. 
*  m  ""^tff'J  rTTl  •'•'".    In  1808  and 




Arlillfry  carrv  4  :Mn«-h    M.  L.  ril1 
pi. •«•<•-.  ami    a    (Jailing   ^1111.     Tliii; 
I    UT   tin-   S|irini:!ii\ 
.ils4>  n  jgilM-r.     <  >nc  t  ronji  i- ;inin'i|  \\ 
'•in.  .       Infaiilry    u-.-    tin-    > 

i|i    cijnipap-    indmlcs   :'.(',; 
r  h.'-pital    li-  .     (  on  : 
.  j.t  .  ;i\:ilry.  who-.,-  , 

In  I'l     ll-ii;ili\     olK-r     .1     lll.'lltll. 

..ii-i  coin|ianif>  «'\vii  ilii-ir  own  ;n 
r.'iit  ImililiiiL'-  f"i-  the  |.UI|H-,  .     M; 
1.1  at  1  li<-  <  'a|.il..|. 
.in  t  wi-nly  hour-,  ll.. 

lid  IN-   cone.  Ill  rali-.i 
Mali.  'Alluiiiy.    oi-    (irillin.     Al 
ci-nt.    of    t:  would    turn    mil    f.'i 

dars, 

1*1. i  ho.     'I'll,  aiithori/.'.l  -.in-nu'lli  "f  \\\, 
nal  (iuar.l 

s  *«lalT  olli. 

infantry.     The   nninhrr  of  adults   in    th, 
lial.l. 

tin-  only  di-lail-  availal.h-  con. •••rnini;  I'l;.' 
been    tak.-n    lr..m    tli 

1801 

Illinois.      I    ,     aiiihori/rd     -In-n-th    ,,f    t 
Illinojv    National   (iiiar.l 
Hi]  otliri-r-..      Tlh-  aHnally  or-ani/.  il 
ral   and   stall  ollin-i 
olli«-,-ix.  }.!»:>7  infant  i 
and    o-V.i    na\al    militia.      Thi- 
into::  l.rii'adi-.     Tin-  l-'ir-t  liri-ad.-.  wit  i 
i|iiarli-rs   at    Chicago.   inc-lud«- 
iiH-nt-  of  :{   liattalii'iis  and    1    with  V 
al-o  a    halt. TV   (1f  arlilli-ry   and    a    I  : 
airy.     Tin-  Second   I1.- 

iiu'fi.  Id,  •••nMj.i-ix-.  '2    infantry  r-^'i 
of  :{   |iattalion>  i-adi.  and   a   hattcrv 
The  Thinl    Uri-ad.-.  with   hradi|iiarl 
rora,  consi-ts  of  'J  infantry  n-^iiiM-ii 
talimis  each,  and  a  trooj.of  «-avah\>. 
a  hospital  corps  in  cv.  ry  n-;:imi-nt. 
im-iit    ha-   a    l.i<-\ch-   and    a    >iirnal    '1 
Th«-    nnndM-r    of  adults    in    th- 

-       0    '<.       Annual    r.--iin«-i,- 
rm-nt-i    last   i-j^ht    day-  :    i 

f"ur  years,  hav'.-  a  -iniilar  duration. 
The  State  appropriation,  isjtf. 
Tin-   I-'ederal  apiu-opriat  ion  amounted    to  $30,- 

ilry  use   Sprinirfi.-ld  carl. in.-  and  a 
<  >n<-  troop    i-  arim-d    \\  it  I 

^   (iatlinu  k'«ins.  1  :',-im-li    M.    i 
rifle'-,  and    I    rj-p«.under   Napol.  on-.      Tl 
is  also  .supplied  with  salwrs  an 
fantry  use  the  Springfield  rifle.    Tl 
guns"  are  included  in  the    infant  r\ 
Tin-  camp  e.|iii|>a-e  includes  JMMi  t.-n 
drill-   are  required.      All  arm- 
Th.-  State   ar-.-nal   i-  at    Springfield. 
niiiiicrou-  indepi-ndent  orirani/..' 
mainly  of  hoys,  and   located    prim-ip.. 

v  drill  with  arm-  l»y  perm 
Adjutant  (ieneral. 

The  wliole  or  any  portion  of  the  f 

•••d   at  Chicago  with:- 
•  St.   I.oui-.  in  sixteen   h* 
field,  in  fourteen  hour-.      I'la; 
•i    file  in    the    Adji, 

•    of  the  f  i  turn 

out  ff»r  sixty  days. 


i«rkjr.-Tlst  _ 
'.ja.  k,*,. 

include*  I?  gporraj  wj 
u.f«i.lrjr.     fUfofwoni 

Ih.f.    k    : 


tifadijuartcr*  •  •' 
imtnwted   in    «m l. u lance. 

i  nnu'hine 

•iftW.     |||fa- 

lid  wcrily.     Hu.ldiiigs  for  use  as 

rbatury  at  IndianapolU. 

Irsarwnal  at  In.! 

uana|x>li» 

thoriiad  strength  ..f  ii,,.  /,,*» 

fades  50  general  and  *t,i 
•cm.  Mi.i 

r  detail-    fr.-iu  oomuuiMs.      i 


si  i  mam  n 


••     ejew  »"»««i* 

•ntal  cncainpmentjt  la>t  si 
l»  is  an  annual  Stat. 
.«•  Federal  aj.| 

it  tu<>  tliirdx  «f  t  In- 
le  as  that   II-M-.I   l.\    t 
the  rcinaiiidcr  u^ 
d  'pattern.    There  is  a  (tailing  gun 

«3  wall  tciiK  iiM-ludiiiK'  1">  f 

mi.-s  drill  once  a  w« -. 
arnuihcs;  halU  an  drill  j-ur 

.r^-nal    i-    l.N-atrd    al 
N!     • 

•rw?  can  be  con 
>uni  at  any  |M>int   win-re  a  reginu-nt    i- 

•A  mi  Id   turn   mil 

i-  authorised    ntn-n^th    *>f    tin 

no  actuallv 

•npuiKr'l    f  ,des  22  gvncral   and 

•few*.  100  other  officers,  1  ."»•"•?   infantry,  and 

v   and  '2  l-att.-n«-»  of  art 

••  liable  to 

-  are  available  con* 

\rtil- 

Mipri-M'-  4  NaiMiliMnKainl  1  (*at- 
jft  gun.     Infar- 

amp 

-  an-  drill  rooms  or  armories  at 

:«any.     The  inde- 

Ations  include  9  colored  com- 

••  can  be  concentrated  at  cen- 
ts within  fourteen  hours. 


n-  i»  an  annual  - 

«•».     Th-  F..i.r«l 


There  are  f  S-iaeJi 


rllldr*  M.-|«a:; 

age.    ('oiti|tany  dn 
an<  no  rrgular  armoring 
trill  lialU  and 


at  Frai 

be< 
within  fr-.m  i.ii  I-  t- 

turn  «Mit  fi<» 

l^onUUBA.-  Thr  aatb*«tBrcl  rtfveaita)  at  ta» 
Louisana  Slate  Nali««aJ  Cinanl   to  €.non     TW 


v  «.rjr 
offli-rm. 


OBtHherosVetx 


a  Irtoiia, 
tah. .n%  and  3  M»|iarale 


nuinU-r  »f  ndult*  in  thr 
almii ' 

Stair  or  Frtlrn 


undrrs  a  M.   U  risWt  It  I* 

»n,|     I     ||.4rhi 


wall  (fitt*     <  *»«»|*na*  drtD 

arr  ami.  >rx«  In  omHf  »t»fy  cfcy  al  or 

troop*  an*  qoarirmi.    TW  lotal 

Nodal* 


f.Hir  bcmra. 

ValMi 
militia,  known  as  the 


of  t»* 
O«jM«l  at 


. 


A.M. 

The  actually  organised 
nfantrv.  and  22  nieinl 


eon*. 


'Mi*     infant; 

TI,.  Banbsf  <-f  adult- 
lo  f»rre  fc  97.220. 

occupy  fi>«  OT  «U  day*. 


I    •.        ,    M  Mil    I   - 


The  State  appropriation  is  secured  by  a  tax  of 
i  null  upon  nil  taxable  property.      I 

il  ap- 

prowiatfoii,  IBM.  amounted  to  $5.299. 7-.'.    TI.. -re 

.       .    .•-..:  bran  •;  pounders,  and 

.in*  guns  atailnblr  for  artillery.     Infantry 

Springfield  rifle.  Qamp  equipage  consists 

of  S18  wall  and  SI  conical  f  !>.-.. mpany 

drill  at  least  twiM-ii  month.     li*»m\*  railed 


arraorir*  are  provided  for  each  company,  and 
}«nially  |«id  for  by  the  State.  There  is  a  small 
arwnal  near  I'...  ind.-|..-nd.-nt  com- 

mand.  railed  the  Yarmouth    Rifles,  is  (ju;, 
at   Yarmouth.      It  hat*  no  connection   with  the 
National  Guard* 

•     •     •     •  n'rati    !    at     I'.-rtland. 

Uwirton.  Auburn.   Sa<-o.    Hidd-ford.    Augusta, 

Bangor.  or  any  other  importtmt    point    within 

\bx.ut  !M>  p,-r  cent.  wouM 

lorn-  r  days  to  serve  within  the  S 

larjlaad.—1'li.    author  f  th.- 

Maryland    National    Guard    i-   not    fixed,  but 

;   .     f   '.'.    m-  D   Saoh, 

TW  artuaHjr  organlisil  force  includes 
and Kafonlasf*.  175 other  offl.  infan- 

try, and   185  naral   militia.       ;  ,.s    are 

I  intoa  brigade  of  8  regiments  of  infant  ry. 
!<^*n  •    ']».  an<l   3  ju  ;    com. 

Jfy&f*  baadc|uart«T»  are  at  Baltimore-. 
•  r     '  .-»  ' :•:'.•%  in  tli-  State  liable  to  serve 

KncamproenU   occupy  about  ten 

fan   annual    State  nj.j  r-.priat  i- 
'-Irral  appropriation, 
itry  ar*  armol  with  SprinjruVld 

l»p^nnijA  ; /s  common 

'H^nt^    Companies  drill 

an 

BalUioore  pronded  by  the  city.     Ar 


! 


mories  for  i«thrr  .T-ani/ai  i..n-  arc  n»ntt»<l 
iir  a|iproj>rial  ion.     TlnT« 

j.t    in   tin-    Kifi  i 
:irinory.      A  l>at  t  alion  <>f   n;i\al    mill1 

:.      It  i"  prartirall\  imlrpemlrnt.  In.- 
\  •Ijuiaiit    «M-n«-ral.   ami.   t: 

III.'       <r 

f  tin-  ::  infant  r\   n-«imriil«.  •  an 
:    al     llallimoiv    within    fn.m     four 

'.•in  85  to  90  per  cent,  would  ti.1 
MaHHachiisetts.--Th.   authorized  .siren 

ate    militia.    K: 

Volnntrrr   Militia,   is  «.r>1  I.    not    inrlmlii 
Land-.      Tin-   actually   or- 
32  general   and  staff  offlc 
4,802   infantry.  2H5   • 
navjil  brigade,  502  cadets,  -r.i  memiii  ; 

.  .iml   »')!    in.  HI|.,TV   ,,('  an   amln, 

Thi-    force  rllil.l.  ,111.  -lit-    1.  1 

iidets.  1   liattalion   an 
^  airy.  1  liatlalion  and    1    M 
'    art  illery.  an  amlnilane. 
nal'  «-..rp-.     Th'e  \\hole    f.uve    is  ilivided 

les.  with  headqnarton  at  Ito-ton  an.: 

lli.  -re   an-  '•'•  infant;  . 
and   a    propi.rti'iii    , 
arm-.     The  niimlier  of  adults  in  th.    - 
toser  MII.  m.  -iits  i.i-eii| 

four  to  i-i^ht  ila\-. 

Thn-e    is    an    annual    State    appro; 
$45,000.     The   l-Vderal  Hppropriati- 
$6,972.06. 

airy  have  Sjirinijlielil  earl.ine>  and 
Artillery    onlnanee    < 

field  pins,  -I    I'-.'-ponnder   Napolr.uiv.  aii-i   • 
ling  jruns.    The  naval    liriira-i- 

.  <iatlinU'>.  howit/.-r-.  ai 
Ilotehki-s  ir'ins.  Infantry  n-e  th. 
rifle.  (  'ani|>  ecjiiipa::.'  e.-n-i-t-  of  at- 

(  'oinpani.  •-  ar«-   .-\pei-ti-d    to   drill 
wei-k.      There    are    !l    State    nrmon. 

are    ill    Host  oil,   the   (>t  hers     lieil:_ 

sti-r.  Fall    i:i\i'i\   l-'it'-hl' 
.  Lynn.  an.  1  Sprin-tield.      I 
there  are  leased  or  rented  halls.      TI 
s.-nal  at  South  Framinu'hnin.     S.-ven  iml.  ; 
eommamls  exist  in  the   State,  im-iip 
eient    and    II  ......  rable  <  'ompany  of  Artill< 

Boston   Li^'ht    Infantry   Association,  and 


The  f.m-e  can  be  eoneent  rated  wit 

,y  one  point  in  a  regimental  di-1 
and  within  t  welve  h«.nr-  t  ' 

Mier    point     M-lei-ted.        About    WJ    pe: 

would  turn  out  for  - 

>l  iehiL-an.     The  authori 
Michigan  National  Guard  is  3,644    Then 

:  f..ree  im-ludes  is^.neral  and 

tier  r.fVn-er>.  and  'J.«M:{  infa- 
fr.rec  is  formeil   into  a   bri-a 
.'•nts  of  infantry  of  "2  batt, 
jiiarters   of   the   l>ri_ 

The  number  of  adults  j,,  the  State  liable  • 
is  224.'-  .Mipmenis  •i-cupy  five  days. 

The  State  appropriation 
The   Federal   appropriation.    1- 
918.20. 

.\ailal.le    ! 

Infantry  use  Springfield  rill-  -.     (amp  « 
includes  607  wall  tents.    Companies  drill 


NATIONAL   «.l  Mil) 


ill 


are  no  State  armoria*.    Buildiao  .aH.-Tb. 

r  drUl  porpoam    Thera  la  a  amall  Mb* 

nataf.    Thrrt-  are  manv  independ-  oraataM 

•iia  there  U  a  IT.  •!  K«II»*»  r»i».     The  Wi* 

lavni  n,  oi  mU  1»  rggp^oT  yttbyaad  t  Uit 

percent.  wo,,l. 1 1  urn  j.  -ra  b  ajo 


turn     |«uitr* earn.    Tber»  b  ao oqpu^Ml  aMbaJaav* 

'i 

-ark  rrmn 

jnJIr     Uri.fa.li.  •^•to4J^- 

»uff    ouo.    KnoanpaMtx 

an.l  •ll'^l"  I««X 

waatSMNM.    Ilia  T»drml  aucm«Hatloau  !«•« 


-  88  general  • 

kinl        Thr  Mat,   «irt>ropriaiia«i 
wan  $^\(MJO.    TWriMaral 

.»n.|      •!«.•!.  w«,  $M.fW.. 

>th  headaoartei  .  A 8-inrli  M.  k 

•imrnt*.    Thr  numl-  r  ..f  mliiltn  liable  toatrve 


upturn '  nine  day*. 

iiliuai  ;,    ,,f 

:i|>l>ni|irmti..n.  1804.  wa« 


in^fWHnlW    !«».. 

-    - 

;:.-  .  . ,,  ,.  . 


•>k          Tlka*«  4*  MM    am       ••      *-'-      *     i 

u»  of  a  r^fitn- 

.'  8-inch     lli«  ir  own  arroonm:  ihr  irtaail 

Irill   nn<!  b 

•  «-«lllll^l^" 
tlrill  iniif  n  w,  Th.    f  r.    .  «i.   »-    ,    ...  -  ••-*•.  •:    »•    ^ 

tinir;  at 
ilin-*.  calletl  annon  r  . .  nt    VQaJd  tWl  <«tl  f-  r  »ti 

• 

:  within  t  A 

•Ufmlppl.  ft  In* 

IM'lU- 

Nmniiril    fun  «•    in.  lu.l-  -    1  "•    -nirml   and 
oAeerm.  181)  ..th.-r  ..Hi.  .  r».    I. -,'«"'  infantry. 
240  am 


Ir  arr  at  Culuinlni-. 


'I 
-linjj  ..f 

>'M   of 

[••rv.  alta<-ln-«l  (•• 
I tt«  l»ri- 

luilllt.H 


!>riuti<»n.  1  80S.  was  $3,000.  Imt 

'.1.  uilh  nn 
mil  allowMUf  f..r  trnn!.j 

Olli  it    Ciivnl' 


• 


•oataaa.-TV 


m«Ui  of 


t.«  Naii-nal  «iuard  »  8A.    Tbe  artMttv 
»|iii|«uf  «-om,.ri«e*  805    i.mniar.1  fi^nr  iorlwWa    U  jMMtal  aarf  -at 

4lMf  oann.aad  4fc  JBha<ry.  TW» 
m  nan  T  drtlu  tarn    fwoa  •§  fonaaa  •••••••••  «f  •••! 


•n\ 

A  rmorW  an*  rrntnl     a 
nml  roomn  U 

in  tin-  S- 


at    Nnt.hrt.     liablr 
jMkaan.        TV 


90.188ft.  VA» 

would  turn  ..'    f<>r     arailabW  for  ra' 

rifird   c«M  art  availattlt  lor  ajat 


The  infantry  ar- 

prWides  tontftge  for  WO  men.    Com- 
drill  once  a  week.     I  >>< 


. 

armort  at  Helena:  at  other  point*  r.-m- 
mL    there  b  also  an  am-im!  »•  II. 


R     MATII> 

Volunteer  MiUUa. 


The  B  be  concentrated  at  the  several 

armories  within  twenty-four  hours.     Kiirht  <-<nn- 
pmnie-  Mesmbled 

man  within  nix  hours.     Prom  60  to  75  per 

would  tun  lays. 

Nebraska,— Th'    author  _r:h  of  the 

.»rd  is 2,000.    The  actual ly 

olli- 


f..n-«'  include*  7  general  ami  staff 
,91  other  officers.  907  infantry.  46  cavalry. 
and  91  artillery.  This  force  is  formal  into  a 
brigade,  consisting  of  nt*  of  infantry, 

a  troop  of  cavalnr.  and  a  battery  of  artillery. 
Omaha  U  the  headqunr  r  ,.f  the  bri-ade.  The 
nambrr  of  *dulu  in  tin-  State  liable  to  serve  is 
ISSjOOO.  KncampincnU  occupy  six  days. 

appropriation,   1894,  was  $30,000. 
The  Federal  appr..|.n:iti.,ii,  1894,  amounted  to 


carry  carbines.     Artillery  armament 
of  2  Kudman  jrun*.    Infantry  arc  arm.  o! 
aoipiige  includes 

38  Wttfl  tcau.  87V  common,  ami  6  for  hospital 
MB.  Companies  drill  at  least  twice  a  month. 
There  b  an  armory  at  every  place  wh<  r.  ..  com- 
pany b  located.  There  b  no  arsenal  in  the 
SUU-.  The  existence  of  \->  ind..|M-ndei,! 
matxU  b  reported.  The  strength  of  each 

Tlw  fnrw  can  he  concentrated  at  Omaha.  I.in- 

'  Kearney  within  thirty-six  hours.    One 

•-.  .  J«T  o^tjt.  vnul'l  turn  out  for  sixty  days. 

Vie4a.--Tbr  authori»«l  f  t"h/«  Ne- 

••  %    '-nr.J  .-.,n«]0s,,f  na  i;i.-n.  ofli- 

!>        •    •  *•   '      •  ni'.n-  than 

*«»  «rn  pt^JUi  at  general  tfa-t ion*,  with 

•n.pany    for    rnrh    additional 

U*  |.r..vj,i«.*  that  any  organ- 

' 

f«.n<-  -nr-'iKi^  H  Rpneral  staff 
376  infantrv,  and  68 


artillery.     The  force-  7  r.-nipai 

infant!  .ittery  of  liu'lil  artillen  att. 

to  infantry.    The  7  <-oiuj»ani«'<  c«\\*\  ituie  ., 

llielit.        The     hcaili|H..  •  •lii|.anies 

an.  I  the  nailery  of  artilli 
The  nil! 

i-    1  !.(>(»(».      Kneaiii| 

IMVIIp} 

There  i^  anindireci  state  a|.|.ro|.n. 

eoui|iaii\  ilra\\inur  a  county  allo\\an<  . 
month,  with   .\tia   allowmnoe  when   Mi-iln;, 
issued.     These  allowances  .u<    nn 

Tin-    Ke»|eral    appropriation. 

iieh  M.  I.,  nil.-.     In; 
Reid     I'lll.-.    \Mtli    a    (lath: 

taohea  tor  regimental  use,    Cainpni  . 


sisU  of  H>:{  tents.  K»  of  which  ha\.-  \\alh 
are    for    ho^i'ital    u-e.     Coinpani.-    ilrill   • 

.  wit  h  one  exception,  are  r- 
The  armory  at   Car-on  i-  O\MI,-.|   l.y  .-. 
Then-  i-  no  arsenal  in  the  Slat.-.      \ 
at  <'ar-on  i>  nlili/e.l  f.,r  ar-enal  purposes. 
The  whole    force  can   lie  coiici-nt  ral  • 

within  forty-ci-ht  hour-.  Koiir  eompani- 
the  battery  .-an  In-  a—  eml.|i-i|  at  Ifeiio  w 
four  hours,  ami  2  more  companies  within  tv 
four  hour*.  An  accurate  pen-enl.. 
who  would  turn  out  for  *ixlyila\>  can  n 
i.  Init  nearly  all  can  I.e  ivli.-.l  upon  1 


an  einer-cncy. 

Iliiinp^hire.  -The  author;. 


of  the  New  Hampshire  National  (Juanl  ; 
Tiie  actually  or^nnixcd  force  include 
and  staff  officers,  110  other  officers,  U'-Mi 
try.  01  ,-avalry.  and    7!>  artillery.     The   ; 
formed  into  a  brigade,  consisting  of  '•'• 
of  infantry,  a  troop  of  cavalry,  and  . 
light  artillery.    r»ri-ad.  headquarter* 
cord.     Each  regiment   of  infan 
l»attali»ns   and    each   battalion   of  -1   c"in! 
The  number  of  adults  in  1  he  State  liable  '  • 
is  34,000.     Encampments  occupy  on< 

The  annual   State-   appropriation 
The  Federal  appropriation,  1*!' 

Cavalry  have  sabers  only.     A  rt  i  i 
12-poundcr  bra--  smooth-bore  prnv     I' 
use  the  Sprin.irlield  rille.     Cani|.  e«; 
sists  of  898  small  and  1">  larp-  tent-.    - 
drill  once  a  wwk.     There  i-  a  Stale  am 
Nashua    and    an    armory   building 
Tin-re  is  an  ar-.-nal  at  Concord.     Th- 

dependent  organizations  of  veteran-  an  : 

cadet-. 

The  whole  force  can  be  concent  rat  e.l  at  \' 
Ifiver  .luiieijon  or  any  other  point  in  lh< 
within   thirty-six  hon'r-.       About    WJ 
would  turn  <'.ut  f..r  *ixty  d 
New  Jersey.  —  The  author  i/cd  -tren^th 

Jersey  National  <;.,ard  i 
tually  orpin  i/.ed   force  indiid.  - 
staff  officers,  24H  other  oHicei- 
54  cavalry.  r>7  artillery  for  (Jat  liuu'-^uii  pu 
and  17«',  naval  militia.    Thi*  force  is  forn. 
a  di\  i-ion  of  2  brigade-,  each  c.,ntainiii'j 

of    infantry.     The    Second     I: 
eludes  a  fiat  ling-pun  company.     The  he; 

'"  the  division  are  at  Newark:  that  • 
First  Brigade  at  Jersey  City,  and  that  of  the 

d  Brigade  at  Camden.     Provision  i- 
for  ambulance,  hospital,  ami  signal  purposes.! 


NATIONAL 


i.f  adult*   in  '}..- 

ate  appropriation 

i  art  i  IN-  ry  com 
I  $1 

litlotml   .tun*   arc  ahtfi    ap- 

,1.-  DVWMA  •  '•        1  :..    i  •   . 


|.|u-d  wi'h   ..trl-.t..  ..   r.  .     i..  :- 

lenr  carry  i  (tailing  guu».  akvt 

Infantry    are    ai 
Thar*  u  a  reatrva  ar 
•polaoaniM,  i  ; ...  »,  -...M 

<P«|^««'i  i""»" 


U  an  annual 


are  4  regimental  ar- 
»oric«.    There  U  one  amrnnl  n 

I  an-atta 
S»  <  •  tard. 

-ion  can  be  concrntnitMl  at  any 
vttbinUM 
•  per  cent,  would  turn  .-ut  f.  • 

-Thi-  authorized  rtivngtli  of 
tuallv 

.-'l    f.-n-.-    in.-lu.i.-.    1>*   -.  -n.  -r.-u   aii-l    l(  .:! 
:IH  uCheroOean,  '.'^  infantry,  and   152 
cavalry.    Thfa  fore*  b  formed  intent 

•ll|«lilf-   -  ••    iiratlqUArtoni 

iqurnjue,  and  8  troops  •••  Thr 

(§10.0001   The  Territorial  n;  n  for  1804 

.-•    Finlrml    n|'|-r"|>t 

>rry  .  arl-nu-.  ami  infantry 
«  amp  equipaipe  con* 
^»t»  of  ^  wall  ami  20  mum. 
*fn  ai.i.li- 

Tbere  in  no  regular  anrnal  in  th.- 
\i.  armory  Uu- 

The  force  can  be  eom-ent  rated  in  a  f.-»  » 
A  large  percentage  would  turn   our 

t  a  hc.rixwl  strength  of  tl. 

•  KM.     Tboartu 

••lea  80  general  and 

ii«r\. 

II  (Cavalry,  and  416  artillrr  tvalry  arm 

*'  MrmftlMoed.   Anailditional  I 
mrn  h**  »--,-»  f,.rin.-.l  m  Hr--  klxi..  ..t.  -i     •        :  •'" 
f  U  a  battalion  of  naval 
•  mnrirtinjr  of  90  officer*  and  394  turn. 

>n*  of  naval   militia,  thr  total 
•Imigth  of  ra<-li  and  40  reflect 

t>rigadea.  with  headquarter*  at 
i'.rooUyn.  Albany,  and  Buffalo. 

•i  of  ravalry.  2  I 
I  a  signal 

I  regiment  -  :  nratr  com- 

irtillrnr.  a 

Third 

•rtgade  coaajita  of  a  battalion  ami  SOsriiaratt* 
•napanir*  of    „  f.,,,:n    and   a    Utt.-r.      ' 

siKfr  ^«^Wf«H«-^ 

'  'arate  companio  of  infantry  an*i 

VOTM  and  nxttniMital  ainlMil 

Mi  brigade.     1  ,   Brigade 


appltai 

de  baa  appll- 

tiroara,    Tb« 


binea  an.i  vrulkry  _ 

tin  b*t.  i:  i.  •  "•> 

. 

/   . : .  -         • 
.  .   •  . 

«  tor  I 

MM    JMBHfei     %    dfflh    .:    : 


eatad 

/atkMM  arr   ihr  ni.1  l.oanl 
AlUny  BorfMaf**  OorfM, 
The  entire  force  am  lie 


par  mot.  would  turn  mrt  f. 


Haa.-TW 

of    the    North 
The  ai-tualh 

ami 

r-  in|*n»r*   earh.   a* 

.niry.a 

men.  a  ltd  a  l«ltai^«  of     .  _ 
h«-a«(<|iiar1rr*   afr  at   Tarl^Wa,     TW 

a.luiU  i.,. 


ftM    PMOT 

The  armaj»rt 


*»iW 


>walUa»d4lMilai 

core  a  weefc.    TWrv  b  oav 


; 


V\TI< 


sjiafwnal  at  lUWph.    There  in  nu  lnde|tendent 

v.llr.        It     IS    Hot 

'"iV.  '  .S^ntr««,,l  in  fr,,n 


row  ».,.„: 

From  75  lo  90  per  caul,  won  1. 1  turn  <>tit  for  -i\ty 

MkoUL-T1  MMd  •trench.. f 

(iuanl  is  884.     I  he 
forvr  includes  4  general  an. I 


oU»r  offlcers.870  infa, 

ratalrv.awlMart.ll. 

•  mriM""'  mUnlr.  i.^l.t   art.l- 

^alry.     Tin-    infantry 

•nes.  with 

qaartm  at   Jatnmtown.     Tin-   luuiii-  Mat. 
•rtillrrv  i»  I«isbno.    Cavalry  Mat  ions  are  Dun- 
;-.•••.,.      i  IM  ntnibef  of   aduii- 
•,M,HM     BBJ  MBpn  nts  occupj 

tSJSJ  «U» « 

There  l»  an  annual  State  •pproprUtloQ  --f 
ropriatU  Is  $2,587.83 


.*lry  carry  Springfield  carbines.     Artillrrv 
rauipmeat consist.*  of  a  QatUoggonaAd  'J  8-inoo 

M.  I.,  nflc*.     Infantry  an-  ann.-.l   with  Sprin-- 

5rM  riflea.    Oajnp  equipage  consists  of  20  wall, 

6      r  hospital  us«-.     Coin- 

nnk»  «lnll  fmin  <unv  to  tlinv  times  a  week. 
There  are  small  rented  armories  in  11  towns. 
Then-  in  no  arwnal  in  the  State, 

Thr  («.n-«-  ran  U-  fnnre titrated  at  any  point  in 
Isss  than  m.-nt  \  -f. -ur  hours.  Aln»nt  i>5  percent. 
woald  tuni  «*ut  '  Injfs. 


Ohfo.-.1V  authorind  Mnn^h  of  the  o|,j,, 
tu.nl  i«  M*>.   The  actually  orga 
iMual  and  staff  officer 
ItS  infantry,  96  cavai 
M  m*.m!«.n,  of  « 

rai  try,  ^  bat- 
Me," 

n  part  of  their  own  ? 
,.  •  hare  ambtilam 

ork  are  trained  in 

mrludpn  a  num- 
Heyctaa.    The  numbrr  of  a<lult« 


State  liaM-  -  about  64.5,000.     Kiu-aiii|»- 

tin-iils  IM-I-UJI\   -i\  i  lays. 

:..|. nation.  1SJM. 

Th.-     Kederal    ippropriation.    ISJM. 
MOM 
Cavalry  •  •  bines,  Coll 

rs, and  regulation  sabers.  An 
mi-lit  aggregates  10  :;  m<-h  riil>-.  • 
:ni.l  (>  1 1  ron  ze  pieces.  CaiM|ir(|ui|iaL-< 
«;i:i  wall  tents,  im-luilim: 
Companies  drill  oiu-r  a  wn-k.  Th- 
annorirs  built  or  brin-;  built  in  s  cil 
Miialh-r  town-,  buildings  an-  n-nlrd  foi  1 1 

..I    at    Col  . 

At  Clrvrlalid  th-  II     nd«-|M-ndri 

.    al-o  1    at    (  'oliiinlni- 

.     <>nc  of   ihi"., 
with  <iatii 

TInTr    aif    'J I    point-    for  nmi-i-nt  rat  ioi  . 

•    th.-M-    tp.opx    can 
within  twrlvi-  hours.     A  la 
turn  out  for  sixty  day-. 
Oklahoma.     The  atithori7,e<l  Mnn-ihof  ii,4. 

,al  (iuard  of  tin-  Ti-rriloi 
stated.     Thr  actually  organi/cd  f..n-«-  im-. 
general  and   -tail  or  IHT  oilin  • 

•JM-J  infantry.     Thi-  fon-r   i-   forim-d  into  . 
panic-.     Tlir  number  of  adult-  in  ti 
liable  to  serve  is  not  oflirially  n-pm-:. 
I  "ft    i-    available   rom-crnim:   a  Tn-ritoi 
propriation.     Tin-   1-Vdrral  appropriation,  1H95, 
was  $1,000.      Infantry  u-<-  the  Spr  inu'liel.; 
Oregon.— The  authorized  -tren-th  of  t  • 
p'li  National   (iuard    i-  'J.H)(>.     Tin 
^ani/.ed  force  include-  '-.''i   general  a: 
nfaiitry.  K»s  cavalry,  and  ' 
Thi>  force  is  formed  into  a   brigade,  com| 
3  regiments  of  2  battalion  -.< .mie.s  each, 

infantry    battalioi,   ,,f    -j 
•J  troop- of   cavalry,  and  a   battery 
The  headquarter-  of  the  bri-a.i 
I-'all-.      Men   are  especially  cnli-ted 
pini/.at ion  for  hospital   work.     Ther. 
olliecr  on  the  -talT  «>f  each  regiment.     Tl,, 
ailults  in  the  State    lial> 

<M;I.  not  including  exemptions.    The  dun: 

•Mpnient-  i-  not  oflicially  rep..ried. 
There    j-    an    annual    State    appn.pria' 
$80,000.     T  ;i   appropriati. 

$8,486.48. 

.dry    troop  ^pencer   carbin- 

«»ne    troop    ha- 

battery  armainents  include  *J  bras-   • 
and  i»<;atlinir   L'lins.     The    infantry   arm 
Springfield  rill.'.     <  'amp  e<|uipai:e  consist  - 
including  M  with  wall- and  '5  for  h 
use.     Companies  drill  on< •• 
large  armory  at  Portland.     Other  armor;. 
hired  halls.     There  is  no  ar-enal  in  the  S1. 
The    force    can    be    c<.nceiit  rate,  |    at     l'«  : 

within  throe  days.     Alxmt  75  |..-r 
turn  out  for  -ixty  da\-. 

Pennsylvania.— the  author!/ 

the  Pennsylvania  Nat  ional  ( mat 
chnlini::i  divisions  of  naval  militia.    '! 

force   includes  65  general    an  : 

mtry,  188 

188  naval  militia.  68*Invincibles.  and  -J-V, 
bles.    This  force  is  formed  into  a  divi-r 
brigades.     The    Fjr-t    P.riu'ade,  with  h.-adniuir- 
ters  at  Phila<l?lphia,  comprises  4  r«-_ 


NATIONAL 


ifantrr.  a  battalion  of   tYneiblea.  a 

t  a 

- 

I  'ritnklin,  «-i»ni| 

a  battery  of  Aft  i 

ivnl   null' 

•ml 


.table 
rtiii|.in.-iii-   ia*t   aliout 

;.  wa»  $890.000. 

••*,  alao    a 
Sharp's  oarbinea.  and 

l.«   6 

I.I    rill.-.     Camp  equi- 

II    oil.,- 

.'  111  I'hila- 

Ikeobarr.  .  '„'   in   I'tti-l.tir^.  ami  I 
oat  of  the  other*  are  large  room* 

•  •it-   x,-|,arat.   ..n.M'11/.iii..n-  .  f  ,i 

, 
but  ii. .1  in  any  way  recognised 

?e  can  be  concent  rat  .-.I  in  i 
l-.int.     I  Mans  are  ready  for  nfle 
About  95  pertfnt. 


bml-     would  mm  ou 


• 


MINI.    'I'll.-  m  tuall . 
nil   jin-1 

Thin 

.  Satparatr  fan 

iea.  a  I  ilry  compriainff 

1 1 *o  2  companies  of  naval 

*  above  K  I'liiuarters 

AIIIOI. 
(ached    t- 

nl»  r   of   a<lnll-    in    ill*'   State 
.      'i.       llnra.ni.nM-nl- 


nnnt 


x   <nl.  (  arollna. 

of  th.   Statr 

Volunteer 

o-..!,.r.-i  .  i«  4.«;74       I  f.r  MlM    i 

tochria*  tuff  o 

.  3.0W  mf.ntry.  I 
mo  al  militia.    Tbr  o<u,.^ik*  of  lka> 

I..  rvkMii..i,t-  Aii.itr-'|M.  f  -  »«•  rt    ..  ...  • 
•n«l.    Tb«  numbrr  of  advlu  la  iW 

pubUabed  H 

There  b  no  «lrfi 

•  .tf  thr  annual  Mat.  and  Fe4a 
ti..n    f-.r    n.ilitia  MrpaM.      TW 

• 

s.,,,11.  M..L..I  i,r  a 

,  Nat,.  I.A  »<s:    TW 


actualk  oripitiifnl  f ore*  fawteda* 9 0NHt1al 
'.w.  67»  infanln.  aad  MattJl 


fon-e  b  foOMd 


battalion  of 

«.f  a.lult»inlhr 


IH04.  wan  ftlOaJMHL 


The  Stair  apf>n»t«ialk«.   l«* 


rr  rarrr  f  S-tarli 


illrry  nrinnincnt  includea 
iii'l  4 

ttul   4  (iatlinw 
.»!  rwertearvn 


:.  . 

«all 

-,-  »rr  ar*r«aU  al  ^* 

><**  arr  «aw  Sca»  * 

BeiBBpBHi^^H^a^y  %Wp^BW*a^^*«  V^M 

rral  arroorlea  within  aU-w1 


Paw- 

IhllrnoOM 
.•»«'iml«*  in 

Train  of 

.nvn  Ar 
>  can  be  concentrated  within  twelve 


turn  o«t  nrHBT  • 
Ti  aaia»t      Tin 

al  l.uan!  f  r*< 


N  \TIONAL    <•!    Ai:l». 


»m«-r\.       rgae     ea«|uar- 
MrmphU.     Tbi  numU-r  of  adults  in 
Uw  Suir  liable  to  ten*  b  !*».""".     Kn.-amp- 

.  • 

115,000, 

..lend  •!•• 

•inet  MM!  when  mre  providrd  f.-r  . 

Artill.-rv  oarry  I  :Mnrli  M.  L.  rifles. 

M,  3  ti«»:  .iiilain  how- 
Infmitn  uw  lh«>S|>!  <"mp 

eaaafcUof  70  wail.  100  common,  and  v? 
bottriul  tit  drill  once  *  week. 

tin  -mailer  one* being used 
MMoahitofM 

.?  !»  of  tin-  larp-*t  adnoatioaeJ 

imtitillionn    In    the   Slat.-,    in.  In. 1m.;    the    State 
.ili.l     e.mipmeir 

\      : 

at  officer  bon  duty  f«r  drill  at  tbe8UlVe4  in- 
atlUUmMl  Tln»  fonv  ran  IN-  rotirrtit  rated  wit  liin 
r  hour*  at  Mrinphi-.  Na-hvillr.  «,r 
«  h»nm»oi»im.  About  90  per  CM-MI.  \\..ul«l  turn 
out  f 


.—  Th*  authorized  strength  ,,f  the  ! 
MBm,  known  at  the  Trm-  r  Guard,  i« 

MHH    The  actually  orjrnn ; 
pniial  and  rtaff  offlcerm,  WJ  "i  h.r  ..•• 

Ad  110  utUlerT,     Thi> 

•atli  hritjade coorieUng of  8  nipni<-nt-  of  infan- 

•.••';••  ..;    n  of  arlil- 
•t^,  ftixl  •,  battalion  of  <  ••(••r.-d  in  fan; : 

*Jltp|l*t    "'J^1  ion  are 

IWjr* 

1-U.nriew.    ThefBfafttigiml 
Th, 

,, 

:    .  -. 

-J%  7  1^*4.  waa  $20,000. 

.«  af^ntjpriation.  IMIM.  amounted  to 


and  III   hospital  tnit<.     Cmnpanii^  drill 

armurir>.      Tl.. 
anennl    is   at    Austin.     Tin-    indr|>rndrni 

inalld>     rolixjst     (1f     7    linavsi^llrd     r->llip;i! 

r     rail     Itr     r(.||rr||t  I'at.'d    • 
\n-tin.    II.  .ii-l.  .11.    I 
DaThi  A.  OF  .IrfTi-r-ni.      At 

\v.,iil.l  turn  ..nt  f,.r  «.i\t  \  da\-. 
I  l.ih.       ,  .  :.  jlh   «.f  tl.. 

tiona.  :     I'tah    i-     l.»J!'l.      'I 

lal  and 

.    •'•       •  Ml  ry.    I 

and  'J:J  iiii-iiilM-r-.if  a  nioiintrd  si 
force  is   forim-d   into  a   \>>. 
.-•ill-  «-f  infantn.::  f 

l.aii.-nrs  .,(   liuiii   artillery.     Tin-  >imial'< 
a    «li-tinrl    <ir^ani/al  i.ui.        I  |rad«|iia' 
->alt    Lakr  <  "\\\.      Tli 
adults  in  tin-  Stair  lial.lr  \,,  sorvt-  \s 
rainpnirnt-  ...  cii|.\   ri;.'hl  •: 

Thn-r    i<    tin    annual    Stair    appropriai 
$1,500.    Thr  Federal  appn»priat  ion  . 
annum. 

,lry  armament    indndrs   Sprinuli.  ! 
1 
-  I'..  L.  ritl.-d  rann,.i 

CamD  ••ejllipHtfr 

and  *J  hospital   trnt-.      Infant  ry  n-.-   th.-   > 
tirld  rillr.     Cniiipaiiics  drill  mirr  a  w 

Anally  rrntrd.     Th.  ; 
in  thr  Statr.     St«.r.-  an-  kr|-i  at   I-'-' 

Thr    i-ntirr    fofrr    rail    l»r    r.i||r.-lil  I 
thirl  \   hour-  at    <  >urdrn.  Salt   Lal 
Alniiit  TH  |"  Tr.'iit.  \v..iild  turn  nut  f.  •: 

\  rrmoiit.     Thr    anth«>n,  'h  <.f  r 

Vermont    National    (inard    i-   T'.MI.     This 
the  ..ruraiii/.-d   -I  i-.-nt,rt  h.  and  inrlnde^  24  L' 
and  staff  of!k'ers.  (>:{?  infantry,  so  artilln 
i'.»  radris.     Tin-  force  is  forim-d  im- 
which  roii-ists  «,f  a    rr^imnit    of  :{  infant' 
talions.  a  i.attn-y  of  li^ht   artillery,  and  a 
independent  roniinand  of  artillrrv  < 
u'.'i'le  hradijiiarlri-sarr  at  Hratt  leU'.ro'.    TJ 
pani.-    are    di-t  rihnted    t  liroiiirhoiit    th. 
Sp.-rial  an-an-.'in.'iit-  are  mad.'  for  ho-pi'. 
amltir  ice.     The   niimlKT   of  ad 

the  Slate    lialile    to    serve    is     1  I.K',1 
ments  (K-rnpy  six  <la 

Th.-rr  i-  no  s|,,.,-iii"<-  Stair  appro|,riatioii.    Tm 
annual   amount    is  ii-nath 

d    aiipropriatioii     in    1s'.';!    umniinl 
$3,486.48. 

Artillery  carry  I  new  '•',  'J-inrh  -,  ,  ;  !',.  I..  i-,:l.-.! 
fruns,  also  sabers,     Infantn  u-.-  thr  spri- 
riflr.     Thr  ramp  e(jnipa^e    i-  ade.(i. 
panics  drill  once  a  \v.  .      ms  arr  In: 

drill   pur|M>sos.     Thm-    i-  an   arsenal    at 


vith  SprinrfW.l  oarbines 
y  carrv  3-inch  rifle*  and 

i  rifK 
'— *--  of  :m  wall.  60  con 


Thr    infantry  fi-ree  can  concentrate  in 

boon  Maojof  the  principal  citi<*:  «rtil- 
l'-rv  within  seven   hour-.     Al...in  «•:, 
would  turn  out  f..r  sixty  days. 

\  ii-ini.i.     The  author!,  'h   of   i 

State  militia,  known  a-  the  Virginia  V.,lu 

'».     The  actual! 

10  general  and  -talT  officers.  886  otl 
•,'.:!!•  1  infantry.  1!H  cavalry   107  artill- 
naval  militia.     This  force  j-  formed  int.. 
gade  of   infantry,    with   headquarter- 
mond,  a  regiment  of  cavalry, 


NATln 


>     ly    rf"ilM<1  fon» 

i-    nft. 

•f     ai* 


ngilvld  cm 

ni. -I    4   »1  : 

n  nil.il  pirn*.    ArtUtory 

toU  of  55  wall  and  80  common 
••  •  work.    Tin  r«   nf . 

>nl  nl 

-H-ll  hoiiM-nt  KM  Inn 

i<»ii«l  i  mil  about 

within    < 

per  omit.  w«-ui.|  in 
.— Th»  authorized    »tn-iii;tli    ..f 


>ffioera.80H  in; 

.  OOifatl  of  1  n  niim  !»•  .in  !  I  liattal 

•op*. 

ilults  ni  tin-  Mat,-  Iml'N- to  -nreb 
HinpmenU  OOCii;  ivn. 

I  «|'j  1804.  amount. 


ravalr 

beranii  pini..!.     Infant r\ 

iipflM    l»    Hinplf.     Com- 

Ml    .Inll 

•  •in  ••ntrati  «l   within 

ur*.  »lnr 

AII  hiii    t\s 

rovld  turn 

ni. i 

'.uanl  i-  !.»:'> 

fmilry.  with   I 

'  nilult*  n. 
•  •fflciallr  n-|*.-rt«tl.     Kn- 

-   * 
ount* 


i 


uh»Sf?vaJI  i. 
»«MM.  and  IS  bo>« 
drill  thr^r  timw*  mutith. 
|»ny  armonr*.     They  «r»  *  , 
IK*  ar^'iiA 

Superior  or  Mirteiti 
at  i.therpromn 


Tl     arluallf 
TOMltU  of  • 
nuarf  r  m  ai 
Stair 


t*mN*d  19  IMU 
for 

of  mf.nl  M.  «*!• 
TW 
to  «K^  b  I10«      TW 


niiniisi 

«lrral  ftpproprintixii.   1HW.  • 


i  rifl«"*  nrv  in  u-x*.     (%;un|' 

.ill  kimlo.  in.  In- ln;-  A  f.-r 
I  QS9.  < '«>m i ^i ni«-««  drill  nnci*  a  wnek. 
arr  r  f,.r  «!n! 

.t,-. 

oncfiitmt*^)  within 
(irmfton. 


» 

.     .-    - 

try  •••  tfc*  optMirtwl  rl«*»    W9  tHBHH  i^Mf 


•be  actual-    rtrrO|tU, 


618 


\  \  riuNA 


it  ««•*« 


and  lallistfid  man  allowed  \>\  law 
ieilorenlisu-d  firi*-*  from  15.000 

,      .          »:,..,'!     ,          In  5  States^ 

;     .  ,••;;;:;:;;::!': 

Wyoming,  and  Nevada. 


m/ry.— The  8  States  bavin-:   tin-   largest 
infant-  •    at   tin-  pn-cnt   ti 

k.  with  UM.V.i;  IVnn- 
.n.l  <>l,i...  with  5.UC..    The 
-       .-5  baring  •••-•  r  ::.«MHI  infan- 
n.  1,1  arc  Massachusetts,  : 
v.    3.:«0;      S,nth     Carolina,    3,069; 
.     ...  ,     :v,     1     •    :,   I.:.-,?  :   !ind  California. 
;  •> 

Cw*«/ry.-M\  ..f   the  1»  Stales  in   the    I 
Atlantic  division    bare  cnv..:ry   militia.      Th- 

-     .th  Atlantic,!; 

-'    Stalo*  •  v-    :-th    Central 

division,  5  only   tnclode  -a\alr\.      Amoni:   the 
troop»  available  at  th:-  tune  l',,f   the  s  - 

n«-    in    tin-    S.uth  Central  -I 
and  6  1    Static  and  Territories  in   the 

division  have  thin  arm  of  the  service 
.    -•  /.       '    ,MII-    the    larp-l 
South    Carolina,    with    1,M'.'. 
red:   Georgia,  with   589;    an.) 
Tun*  with  »0.    The  Steles  having  more  t  han 
eavalry  in  nd.)n> 

arv   MaflsachusHta,   285,   ami    California, 
!.    S^rrral  rKhrr  Stale*,  irirludint;  N-w  Y-rk. 
en oncaniziftgan  additional  force  of  cavalry. 

-    Ltei   ami    T.-rri' 
wfthottf  am::,  rv  militia,  aoconl  latest 

' 
iMd.  W«i  Vinnnia,  N.,rt> 

IBMM.  **>**.  K  "kiah..,,,.-, 

•*•*   wr°-  Arizona,    and 


Tlw  9  Suio,  harm*  the  lanr.-t  artillery  fon-e 

7:  and 

««.4l«t    Other  s^t^  h..  .  ,rtil- 

«**r  an-  Mam*rhiu^u.  «6» 

in*.  200;  AUUma,  204;  Missis- 
and  Ixrabiatia,  4<»1. 

«L*rV"TlM!  8  SUte"  «f  tj" 
with    the  largest    number   of 


adults  lial»U»  to  serve  are  Illinois.  S.VJ.r>:!."»  ;  IN-nn- 
.vlvania.  S(M5/j:{(l  ;  and  NYu   York,  750 
only  other  State  al'h-  to  furnish  more  thai. 

htinu'  Mien  HIM 
Ohio,  with 

••s   able  to  fiirin-li    fn-in 
: 

•••l.ii'JI  :     In.  liana.     J^- 

Wisojmsin.  ;;;:..r.ni  :    [owa,  W'J 

i;    i\.  nt  .n  ky.  :mi.i:«7:   and    1 

ii  ot  are  not  available  under  t  In 
iiiu'  for  South  <  'arolina  and  <  >klah<  : 

:  militia  f' 

..    renn-ylvaiiia.     M  i  —  i  —  ipj.i. 
and  California  i-   formed   into  a  <li\ 
mil   !•'  Tin-   foiv,-  in   m-arl;. 

and  T( 
Main- 

Kentucky.  Alalmma,  Hklahoina.  M"' 
mini:.   '  \;  i/ona.  and   \, 

I  ,1,/iiititnrf     <  'nr/i*.-    (  >f      ' 

States  and  Territories,  from  r>  t,.  'JO  an-  ! 


in 


provision  f»r  hospital  and  amlmlan« 
and  equipment  in  eoniiertion  \\ith  th< 
militia.  Those  included  in  the  la-' 


port  n-s  lieinur  uio-t  serviceaMe  arc  M 
chu-ett-.  Connect  iciii.    New    York. 
and    Pennsylvania—  U'iiii:  «5  of   the    !l 
the    North'  Atlantic-    divi«»i«iii  :    the    ! 
Columliia.  Ohio.  IlliiK.is.  and  <  »r.  -,,n. 
.   -Corps  for  signal  h 
iiii/ed    in    Ma^saclm- 
Hand.  Connect  iciit.   N«-\v   Y<.r, 
tana.    Colorado.    I'tah.    and    California.       In    14 
other  State-  and   Territoric-    tlieiv 
d.-tachments  ready  t 

signal  corp-  i-  mounted   and  e(jui|>pcd   . 
airy.     In  Connecticut.  L.wa.  C,.|,,rado.  an- 
the'  -i-nal  c.n-p<  are  mounted  on   hicyrl,  -.     Thi- 
la-t    form  of  equipment    is  al->  n-,-d    in 
tion  with  an  Ohio  regiment.    II<.miiiL:  pi-' 
utili/.ed   for  si^nalin^  in  the  hi-trii-t  of  « 
liia.     The   late-t     Krdrral    report    ,-p-dit- 
eliu^etl-.  Connecticut,  and  Montana  with 
attained  th  proliciency  in  thi- 

<>f  the  mill' 

III      l^U    otV|eiall\ 

campment-  of  Stale  troop-  took  pl.-e 
irilN  and  other  exen-i-es  in  :!(l 

-onic   <.f    the   other   State-   coinpaii 

talions   went    into  camp  of  their  o 
-dinir  to  the  latc-t    report-.  1")   • 

ground  Bel  apart  a-  State  prop. 

i.   hiirini:  recent  encamproentfl  in  V 

N'ork.  reim-ylvania.  \Vi-con-in.  Mil. 
and    !  .iar  t  roop-  -.  nt. 

>|ohili/at  ion.    The  time   required    for  »• 
centratiiiLT  the  entire  command  ran. 
mately.  from  three  da\  -  in  <  >n  -^on  and  (  'a 
•.  .-l\e  hour-  in  Connecticut    Thi-  • 
the  Di-trict  .,f  Columliia.  where.  f,,r 
tin-  fon-e  could  lie  mu-tered  within  thre. 
Th-  _•<•  -.f  the  entire 

•     :  to   turn    o 

_  iven  in  t  h- 

mromariefl  p;  i.a-e<i  on  , 

ni-hcd  hy  ••ommandiiiL'  ofVicer-.  an-: 
95  por  cent,  in  New  York.  I'cnn- 
North  Dakota  to  50  per  cent,  in  Minn-- 

•  '.kota.     The  States  and  Terrn 
ported  as  having  well-developed  plan-  j 


vauuiiiu.  an 

>  meet  emergem-ie*  are  the  Dtotriot  of  Colunv    and  to  the  TerrtUjrte*  and  the  !*•••«••  „*  f. 

>u-  I Ip-— -^ .  ^jMiiil  L 

Jftbama.    In  nu  moron*  other  State*  plan*  have    direct.    The  Unr*** 

e**» 

.inee.  — One  re  aeon  wh>  AtuniuhH  **aa4Tefrtt«M 

iinmarir*  at  thr  t<c^t lining  of    oapt    \»rt!i   luk<4«    \ ngMJttm.  « H^gam,  aad  I aJ 
ranged  by  geograHilral    fornia  h.. 

ference  to  armed  reabtance    oantration,  aoi< 
•  of  threatened 
n.-.-  of  ill  .  "jQOOeaeli 

1  in  the  Uon  to  them.  a»o«nU  Matt*  ~-.  Jl!-l. 

tury  |>art  ..f  th.-  »•  'MCgragate  throoghtMit  n 

•aohfeo-  Hock  at  it*  armonr 

^^W  dlrtoion  can  be  caaily  noted.  The  flr*  bat 

I'ak-         <  amp    Kmiii 
in «Mb  give  right  of  l>a«ingM0i 

•  ..j.v  iin.l  ih.»i    no  obstacle*  would  be  iratlar 

ii    the    matt.!  or     nufli 

railrmiil   n-inlr«\ ••!»••.  ami  al-     tak 

r  the  troop*  in    :t«  stat.  »<•»»« 

ji.l 

.within    Smt.-    Uun.liiri.v  v  arrmii^l  f«*  in  thb  BMlUr.    ikaJt  •  trm 

i  to  tay  thai    fully  -jn.iim  in-    State*  have coeai  * 

Ihlllv 

piece*,  80  Catling  gun«,  trw»|»  are  continually 
;  be  in  poeition  for  ., 

hi  hours  ..f  i  In   firM  ment.  a«  repreavnled  b> 

a  Urge  numlx>r  would  U>  ready  offl< .                                   jrni  ni«alu 

•  I   inorv  tlmn  h                     ..Uuiiima- 
in*.    Thb  force. 


^y^pt^i^T&lS 


least  5,000  tent*  ami  nupple* 
JHIimval  militia, WOttid  within 

•  r  thi-n-alHiiits  |N>  rr      rhu-  U 
-f  th.- orcani/.-l  in:  "The    br»l 

ith  A  flat  -in  |.«i.»   i 

•-.   tr---|.-.  ami     attention  axnu,  a*  a  nUe,  to  hatv 

v:.-«-r>  ami  i 
Iv  of  nnnaiiifiit  uml  aniinunition.     drill  '  ' 


ihr  degree  of  Drafldew  in  drill  •«•!••  it  H 
Urge  bodie*  of  tn»|»  b  ivporud  •»  re  aging 
from  ezcttllent  hi  tarn*  omMimb^*  i*  ** 

PBVU^W    >V     «W-« 


dry  b 
•ojajtfjji 
ith  Ail. r  i» generally  Tery  good 

loM>lr  foil  --I.-    f.-n  .-  f  the  pro6eW 

.:  ,h-     NationaJOnanlai 
Veatem  .livisi,,,,.  uith   th.-  n.  i      m,  -be 

muml  niini-     nn-  Krttrrally  Iwtter 
to  90,000  infantrv.  from  4,000     .ir 

\(NN)nrti!:  M   i:i:  v-K  \.  a  Wolani 

iiiilitin.  full>  ..flWr.,1.     th,-    t  niun    M. 
>ped,  would  stand 

r«nl  tonu|>|Mirt  ih.  l-'iilrral     nial 

:    ili.-  total  au- 
h    IHMIII;    ov.r      .'    -••     ,„.  I,    nM          <i»»  rrniur  nt.       .         '          ...    - 

-il.l  ..fflt^r*   .lunnjr  thr   yvar :   In^^nMr.  ^ 
innnU.r..f  a.luli-  'K»t»ra*r.    Rai* 

*    n|«r: 

eabeemv  of  the  <»rrr.  J.m.|4i  S  lUMki  .    Wider  KM*J» 

in*. — Tho  larp*)tt  repilar  annual     So|wrintendr«l  c 

LdoSiSimclude  a  numVr^     r.          .      !' ••••  •     i: 

•eoial  pur  i  *»>•*«"».     In  l^'.ii.  othtl     <x       '    •    •    '•    '  •  TT    r    •'-"•   ••  *    '*  1       •'    *•     ' 

KtfioSoOorn  '  •  • 

..liiia.  IIlin.-:v  ^u|*rmc    • 

Aamcialr  l*>aetaajd  T. «».  <    ll»* 

Tea*  annually  .* ; 

BtatasaOOOrlin-  t^     •        '  Unanr^.      T        - 

Bh  each  bent  it  I.  d  in  CoogrW    $17I.4«H.«7.«>  a  Caliiag  ot  ft«a  MaM.  »W.  ; 


*ltA.7l  ?.*&?&  The  decrease  is  in  personal 
l,..|.r,.>.>i  InmU  have  increased  in 
m  17.558JW8  • 

*alu 

^In-ad  i.rojMrtyandHleep- 

in«  MM  b  rifr**1  at  t$5,402£13.08. 

3ml  at  KoiO^W.  and 

||  hi  odimatnl  thnt  tli--  taxe-  will  U«  too  *mall 

at  ft  millionth  ho  expenses 

orUwcvnrral  fuiul  for  I  IIP  OOOing  two  rears, 

and  that  ihe  floating  debt  at  the  end  <>f  thai 

time  will  amount   to  m   l.-aM   >  The 

4al  ta*  f«T  all  Win****  i*  »lH"'t  7J  mill> 

1:1  ..f  l.aU.r.  in  I  In-  report  ..f  mort- 

«  f,.r  the  jrwr  ending  May  81, 

that    the  amount  of   IIP  umbrances 


The  JntpfH^  of  ,.il-  r.-port-  that    th. 

u  ..f  illuminating  oil-  in 
...  ..,  ;o.  ,04  •!„   lalariei  and  ex- 

•I  mil      mi, 

bat,  •mount me  to  .,ver  $10.000.  the  in-pector 
rrftwd    to    |«y    int..    th-    tr.-a-ury.    l.-t    they 
-•me   time  he  demanded  of   him  on  the 
v-n-    illegally   taken.      The 

.-•  was 

d  a*  fcn  liad  been 

th«-  affirmative  at  a  former  term. 
The  rase  of  the  State  a  ~ur-r 

\nnual  < 

I  in  the  -prin-. 

.  failed  to  agree.    The  State  appealed 
tolhr- 
Marat  Ion.— The  December  apportionment 

rands  disposed  of  .- 

and  the  rate  for  each  pupil  was  61  cents.    Th. 
whole  number  of   -h.ldr.-n  was  852,028. 
amount   ap|«.rtioned   in   Mav.  1805.  was  $256,- 
OM.42.aod  the  rate  per  pupil  was  :ne.-nt-.      \t 
that  time  968,720  children  of 
Usftad.  fully  10.000  more  than  the  number  after- 
ward reported. 

TVr**rnUof  the  State  I 'diversity,  in  their 
rmrt  to  the  Legislature,  said  that  to  make  it 
adequate  to  the  accommodation  of  the  \,.un- 
meo  and  women  of  the  State  who  are  Booking 
t<.  it  additional  bmldino.  to  cost  over  $4" 

,    •   -•  >  •    bai  appropriated 
«*»!?  about  $25.000  toward   the  erection  of  th.- 

w\     •.   ':.,..    .  MI    i..  hreeo 

*  i'« \  •'  .!•-    Ill    '1_T!- 

.    •',     !,'_-  -:.v,,r,-    having 

:   rnll  fund  received  f .•..,„ 

»ti.mal  <tovernmenU     A  claw  of  05  was 

out  in  June,  the  largest  in  th.    history  of 


lliateil 
al  debt 

•i  ipt  ion. 
coinrn; 

• .    ,.j    .-_-.- 

•  al  the  P.-nit.-ntiary 
;  w.-t»  di-  ,.  r.-d  for  the 
•  '.  »  t.ded  'hat  the 

"ti^i  »».  V.-l  U  i,  u.d  that 

Uir  th«   pjinjt  «.f  th. 

'  l»lir>r  :    i   ti|Km. 

rador  »  propert v,  together  with  the 


. 
Tar  Fe»ltrtiUai7.— The 

' 

c.f    rr<><    '.    ,'     . 

I9j**"  •  .i  wa» 

mmn«a:  hot  th. 


valu<>  of  hi-   mi.  xpired  lease,  was  n|«pra- 
DO,      The  H..ardof  I'ul.lii-  LaiuUan-i 
ings  appointed  \  .•  •  iner  as  > 

tendent    and   >t. -ward,  \\iih   th<    )..  , 

I'ltit    the  (iov.-rnor  di-pn:. 
of  the    hoard    to    inak«     the    appoii 
claimint:  that    all   IHI-IIH---  and    the    inal 
roiilraet*  ought   to  he  throu-:li  tin-  ward. 
that  in  the  apjMiintment  of  Ueeiner  th 
ceeded    it"  authority   liy  ereatin.L:   a 
The  matter  \\av  ,-.  .mpli<-at .  ••  1    l>\   an 

injunrtioii  distraining  th.'  Audit' 
I--IIIIIL:  t  h<-   warrant    to  tin-  eonlra.-' 
meiit  for  his  plant.     Th.    l.oard  could  n..; 
his  lease  Until    the    payment   \\a-    in. 

pealed  to  the  Governor  to  <>j.-<-i   him 

..-elin.-d  t"  i!o.     When   ihi-  di: 
was  over,  the  hoard  d 
to  take  control   at    the  iVnit-nliai -\ 
.-..nlraeiiir.    Imt     the  warden.  suppi»rted    ; 

I   t<>  admit    him   and  \\. 
ii  •    -upplie*    from    him.     Th. 

were  kejit    idle  while  t  hi-    . 

in-.      Il  was  taken  to  the  c-..urt>  and  wa- 

ttd  of  the  jn 

(  haritirs.  Th.-  (J.. \ernor  appointed  . 
superintendent,  I>r.  Al»l>ott.  f..r  th.-  I 
llo-j.ital  f»r  tin-  Ili-aii.'.  and  tin-  ap|ioii 
was  confirmed  liy  the  S.  nat.  and  wa-  ' 
.  iT-.-t  March  10.'  Hut  th«-  sii|MTinteiid. 
char--.  l»r.  ll;i\.  r.-1'u-.-d  to  r«-t  ir«-.  ••laimii 
l>y  t  he  -tatute-  he  i-  appointed  for  six  yea; 

hence  there  was  no  vacancy.       The  d 

dared  that  he  would  install  }\\<  aj.poin 
fon-f.  if  ii.-.-.— ary.  and  the  superintend. 
plied  for  an  injunction  to  prevent  i1 
the  Governor  a-k-d  |)r.  Hay  to  n-ii:n.  ai, 
mated  that  in  ease  he  did  not.  charges  \y. 
preferred  against  him  and  In-  would  i 

•  'liai'i:—  wen-  l.roii^ht  and  th< 
intciident's  counsel    laid   th-m   liefor.-th. 
of  Puhlic    Lands  and  Huildin--  with  a  re.jueM 
that  the  board   -rant   a  h.-arin-  "ii  them. 

—which   were   for 
incut.  .  and   the   permittii. 

of    patients    by    sultordin 
h-ard  by  the  Governor  under  pr<.t.--t    fr> 
Hay.     Dr.  Hay   presented   slatem.-ir 
the    char-.-    "f   extra. 
Lincoln    Hospital    for  the    In-ane  is  mail 
at    less    /i<r    rti/iifu    than    Ki    a-ylum-    in- 
States,  Imt   one.  th-  Colorado  institution 
orado  Springs,  costing  less    Th.-d 

made   an   appoint  ment    of  a    new  a-- 
-ician.  and  thi-  I 

other.     Th.-  Atiorney-CJenera: 
court-  to  -el  tl.-  th-  <-..nt  rovi-rsy.     There  wa 
lar  trouble  about  the  control  of  ot); 
slit  ut  ion-. 

\L.'Menltnrc.     The  cultivation   of  be. 
was  greatly  stimulated  in  1  *!».",  by  • 
'      islatnre,  .-md  will  l»e  still"  i 
by  the  introduction  of  in: 
POBBCB    of    matmfact  i. 
the  year  1«!M  tl, 
has  paid  for  l>eets  an   a_ 
Of  that   sum  tin:  IM-<  • 
1895  received   $180,000,   thou-li    much   of  the 

bring  the  maximum    pri- 
instances   were    reported    whe: 
growers  realized  over  $45  an  a<^n  net  profit.    A 


NEBRASKA, 

urger  acreage  WM  devoted  to  the  • 

large 

.•«•!  organic*- 

»*  been  highly  MI.-  ^  othrr 

n  |»t '  Meiaiance  to  ta*  aima  way ;  hat  thaw 

-r  the  year  WM  eatimatad  at    war*  d«rlin«i 

*  t"  th«*  a«Tv.  WM  left   to  voluntary 

ha*  ma<le  good  prog,     of  th 

II 


%    The  r\ 

—  ^—i 

n  tot.i  |,n^h  ..f     1MM.  |Mif«   W),  and   S 

•^    Th*  cam  «w  cmm^.1  to  Bo 

iiii  $l.-.'7l,HOH  b««  alrvady  I*.  r 

nber  of  arm  under  dit  lntlr  daoj^tiirr 

whom  WTO  «ith  Mr.  •!*•!  M 


>n     riapr  » 

i- 


i- 

jH<rmmx  who  have  built      >  -.«*. 

caoriU-   tli*  tit    in   .!•-!..      tfmt,  ntnl   I««Hbrr;    Intt   Iber 
board,  and  sUtc  how     tbrmwlrr*  and  for  OM  a»ol 

failed  U>  c«ov 
cntionwaa  held  u.  - 


bafM  Jam  I  awl  earied  Aprfl  I    Tto 

»r  a    new  board   of  Hn-     membrn  wart  divided  MM*J  MHiM  m  Maws 
by  the  I^gnv     Sen«tc--85  KopuhHraaa,  ?  PbfMilMU,  a*d  I  fW 
kha^wMrraistetlM     uliet-I>emocrmi  ^rtal^  It  He- 


•  I  H,    )..ll.  »hi.  I.  publican*.  4  Popttlbu.  and  It 

^.•to:  and  ho  rofu^i  raU. 

t.n  M .  Tlmnlon  WM  ebrf 
•i..  a  M..-ii>»--r.     The  question  can 

lAWWM.i.                            :.|.  re|     Illljt 

<  "inmlftftlon.— Tl  *  r  the  Governor,  and  a  of 

ho  char-  the  veto. 

An  appropriation  of 

-work  and  made  its  report  in  f.-ril-                 ipanaraof  the 

(•at    Following  are  f\                 u  it.  the  two  following ^fara.and  one  of 

•und  oa  Ukinv  up  the  work  of  invcatiirat-  „.  si »»,. 

o  dwtitu- 

:/•:..:•'/..,:•.' 


:       $•.«»•• 

:  ," 

I    »9P> 


pnrtdfeffferthi 
MitfWMikm,       ,  '        |MM 

.    v  •  ,--     f  iMaW 


rr,,mrv  ail  Mate  trnnk*  to  to  ihattir 
\bl    ml  of  the  Stale  by   the  9Utr 


.: 


•   statement-   nre   required 
•  torn*  are  lo  b« 

•ii  a  Unk  : 

i  are  raised  from  $IO.INHI  to  $25,000. 

Instead  of  i 
gVuM  accord,... 

,      .    ,  ..-     •    .,  ;    to  .  D  bud,  and 
in  cities  of  80.000  population 
wot.    Incorporated  Unks  i  from 

buying  or  holding  any  part  of  their  HOOK,     AH 
Unk.  arr   n-quirvd   to  set  apa  'h  "f 

•   :          \t  ntfl   the]   h..ve  ;.  sarploi 
of  at  least  10  ptr  cent  bk  can  hold  any 

real  erfale,  except  bank  building  and  fi\ 

•      -i      f  its  ,  npitnl.  unless  t;iUn 
..-.-:  ;•   MUM    (h.  n  In-  M.ld  uith- 

\.^e«byanybank  or  ban! 
partnership  can  not  be  carried  as  an  awn 
airidend  can  be  made  where  any  bad  d 
lorn  is  carried  at  an  asset, 

I-  «a«  made  unlawful  for  any  railway  t 

engine  not  equipped  with  automatic 
couplers  after  Jan.  1, 1898,  and  t<>  run  any  train 
t».^  baring  enough  automatk  i.rnki-  n  that  the 
engineer  can  con!  r  I  the  train  without  requiring 
brakemen  to  go  liet  * 

•-•ration*  working  under  the   mutual  as- 
•easment  and  other  similar  plans  fur  lit 
accident  insurance  must  give  bonds  and  show 
anpitoatiom  for  at  least  850  lives,  f 

•  he  licensed  I'v  the  Auditor, 
and  make  annual  statements  to  him.  Accumu- 
shall  »*•  iiivi^ti-*!  in  fnite.l  States  bonds, 
munii-i|ial  bonds,  or  in  notes  secured  by 
mortgage  or  in  district  irrigation 
bonds  not  to  exceed  40  per  cent,  of  the  value 
thereof, and  deposited  with  the  Au.l 

The  statutr  rvlating  to  the  formation  of  n,  \v 
counties  was  so  amended  as  to  make  450  square 
miles  the  minimum  t.  ,-,d  the  votes  ne- 

cessary to  the  establishment  of  a  new  county  a 
majority  in»tea<l  of  a  three-fifths  vote. 

A  bounty  of  |  of  1  cent  a  pound  was  or 
for  the  man u far  •  .  ir  by  established  fac- 

tories and  |  to  those  hereafter  established,  and 
the  same  for  chicory.    The  sugar  beets  must 
been  paid  f  grower  at  a  rate  not 


,  .:   ,  R,  an 


leas  than  $5  a  ton.  and  the  chicory  at  not  leas 
that)  $10.50.  The  sugar  must  contain  not  leas 
than  90  ptr  cent,  of  crystallized  sugar,  and  t  he 


chicory  most 
to  he  fo  forc 


to  he 

It 


be  90  per  cent  pare.    This  law  is 
force  for  three  year*. 
enacted  that  any  M  person  making  or 
..for  sale  any  imitation  ImtN-r  or  cheese 
b*  fined  not  lew  than  $10  nor  more  than 
the  tnnnuuv  itt.-r 

»hall  not  be    rohibit- 


sh      b 


f  health  in  cities  of  the  see- 


.  cm.. 
•rvilW».i-.c 


elass  and  b 
od*  to  th<-  amount 

•     :    ••  .   tor  « 

•  -r  waterworks. 
fejlllst  of  the  second  class 
rdinAncc  to  levy  a  special 

•  r  unnum  upon  every 
r«nMctiaf  twines*  in  »uch 

ni».i  to  be  used  f- 


oommiwtonen  in 


.'.jitiiii;  tin 

UK'   till-  Hfc'< 

yean. 
Imp 

mont  I 

eves. 

- 
•i  if  away  of  cigarvtlOH 

Making  <l>i>  li^ht  !•!.•  ,\  . 

mi  landowni 
n  th'iHile  to  frrow  ii|>»n  tlu-ir 


posed,  tin-  |iriiii-ipnl  of  ulndi  were: 

.  iin-  that  all  vi.t(?ni>hall  b< 
»thcr  iiicth" 

•.  .  the  M-i-r<- 

• 

SrhiHil    I'lltxl      ' 

Authorizii 
rivil    actions   ti\«  tin-  jurv    ma\    !• 

rerdiet 

Authorizing  thn-c  fifths  "f  h.,th  ln>u- 
salariea 

Adding  8   railroad   cmim 

Authori/.'m/  tin-  Legisjature  to  incrca 

ij.rciiM-  ami  <li-tri«-t  j^, 
Limiting   the  iniin!"  -, 

conenrrenee  of  three  t'"iirths  «.t'ca«-h  H. 

an 


court. 
Among  joint  resolutions  were  the  folio 

That  Nebraska  shall  hcn-aft<T,  in  n  jM.j.ula: 
Uc   known  and   referred    to    an    tl 
State. 

Authnri/i-  .  .  -rn-.r    t-»    npiM.iut  .'5  c 

-  !«.  art  in  .•"iijuncti'.n  with   a  Vik' 
<>f  the  StuU-  «•!'  South  Dakota 
and   correct   boundary    line 
S..tith  Dakotu  as  t 

counties  oi'  <  1;,\   in   S..uti 
•;  in  Nebraaka. 

ruion   soldiers  who  were  eontin.-.l   in    • 
during  ion  of  $8  a  day  <1  n  i 

BO  confined  and  $12  a  month  f.  • 
their  lives. 

That  th<-  I.ririslature   of  Ne>.r«i>!. 

the  flower  oommonlv  known  as  "golden 
the  floral  cm  1.1.  •  at«. 

Political.  —  A    ju>tico  of  the  Supr. 
wastol"'  «-h'.-i-n   thi<  y«-ar.  and  i.1  r- 
State  rniv.-r>itv.    At  toe  I>cm 
.'-'.  in    Omaha,  t! 

ment  was  in  control,  jmd  the  resoluti. 
in  favor  of  fn-c  and  unlimited  rojrmtrc 

ilvcr  at   the  ratio  of  16  t 
dates    named    were:    For    -Ii;  les  J 

I'helj.s:     for     I;  .    'I'.    Mlai-klnir;. 

rl   Kittle. 

the  following  before  the  <on\<  niion    a> 
nority  report: 

•ucnd   the   adm: 
i 

il    the    platform    a'loj  • 
National  Convent 

Scarcely  had  the  first  word  I.e.  n  utl 
the  whole  convention  was  \ 
such  a  roar  that  order  was  not  «->t;ibIi>i. 


M    PI 


ramSBLAKDOL 

the  offending  resolution  wa* 


I.  Morn  1 1  a 

Hi      of      a: 

th  u'"l«l  ninl  »i 

I  demanded  a  national  currency  <  f        rinan<< 

•i'iiinr«<d  il,.  total  rr%. 

u'a  mpine  neglect  of  Ameri- 
xpreeeediYm 

utereeU;    menu,  4JWUOM 

•  •  .  • 


^^ 
''.  W.  •«» 


. 


' 


&&J8&K 

»rof  Mftmegf* 

•jMtrfdviKtM: 

3    TneM*srofe» 
•H  '(mined  IW  iHr 


ai  lU 


•    • 
i  II. 


tan 


•oj.uli-t  Miif.    <      :.'••  :  U. >n  ••[••  li. ••!  III  I. Ill 

ag.  88,     The    platform    n-afllnnwi    tho 
(liecuivion  was  oanted 

\    I*.  A.,  and 

wa.t  finally  f 

int.'  politic*.     Siiiniirl  Maxwell  WM    214,880 

it  tie  ami     »i|v. 
U.  U 

f.-n-    »vr. 

iHtir.-.  nn.l  .1.  -I.    BvjaDl    and    Anna     J-M. 


lat  eej 


-  adoption  of    000  z 
!••  bringing  ..f  n-h- 


^  M  II  I  I:  I   \  N  llk 


ited    their   candidate*,     hold.  atrWgmSS 

[.ublican.   79.516;     for  f 

•.i.Mini*-    81.408.187. 

{N  :    I'h.-lp-.     Fr..  -i:\.  r      d<  r-  f    r  " .-    •    .• 
•nbargi-r.  I»r..hi» 

•rrill.   H.-pnoli.nn.      lJe77/M  for  rent ral 
r  81.847  and  *5«  re-    on ie*!  88.185.788 
:i<e  elected  at  the     trr.  railn««l*,ant 

•>-neML    TWbejd 
mate*  the  expenditure*  at  IS*. 
KNMtitutional  monan-hr     and 

t  ChamU-r  of 

rmU-rx  .-I-  t,-,|  f.-r  .,„,       I .»:.;. -.00  ... 
councils,  one  thini  •  ?  and  Ii^OOQjDOO g«iJ 

«e  team.     The  Semml      II  <  ;»a|irr  money  eeinejat  • 
f  100  member*,  elects  I         Army  and  Naii.— TWpeejr 
,lar  Hiiffratfr.  e\.  army  blJMBOanVeti 

«ith  &JBi6nor*r*>  Tkrannyli 
luntanr  rnliumml  (W  eil 
tanl  of  tae  tn»f»  bejngil 


.«. 

:,,.., 


•'«'  late  Willem   111.    > 

.  .     The     ItM.  pawed  a  bill  lor 

.litutnl  MIIV  7.  l8fM,Wa/  ' 

TW«ralfncr»«e* 

nbtrrof     r^ 

• 


«*  HarrnU, 


NF.TIM  RLANDa 


8  hamn-  cum,  the  large*  having  a  caliber 

:  ..  .,     •.     ...-      -     M.....M- 

-ZwUnd  riealand   >: 

..  ...-,..:   bat  d  am  i  and  i 

.     ..         ,,,  „   i,  ,,,,.,:,-:, 

.   -.   <     ..-,-.      .,'.:  "J        '.        •- 

rot. 

,untr..->a>  f;.l- 
in  guilder*  (1  goildtl 


•  i  •.*,  .... 

..-•'-: 


„.,„„ 

.::,.„,,«. 


KiMyiai 


1,114,100,000 


be  total  valne  of  the  imports, 
guilders  rrprenont  a  drink. 

-..•.-,....,      ...-.,..  ran   material  889,000,000 
guilder*  manuf  ..  •  icles,  and  240,900.000 

.-  -       meous  article*,     ^mong  the  ex- 

port* alimentary  tubstanoes  amounted  to  384,- 
400.000  guilder*,  raw  materials  to  866,000,000 
guilder*,  manufactures  to  886,500,00 
aad  mwcellaneou*  merchandise  to  125,100,000 


14.400.000-  >.<MM>  iruild- 

Iron   and   fteol   and   their  manufaciun  -s 


were  imported  in  1808  to  the  amount  of 

219.000  guild-  r*  an  1  nit  <>f 

75.547.000  guilder*;  imports  of   textile  fabrics 
aod  mat.-riJiU  wore  valued  at  "i  and 

.d   imports 

.•     •    -  ;-   •    •    •  ••    if  Ll&888,000  ffuild- 

en:  import*  of  coal 
off  petroleum  at  9,162,000  guilders;  import*  of 

1-e  at  85,OR'N> 

export*  at    19.932,000  ^'inl-l.  r-  :  ii!i|N>rts  of  but- 
1  .!i|  7.0  O  and  of  inHr^irine  at  28,1'. 


ut  18,008,000  and 
of  margarine  at  4Xj842.'io;t  ^,,, 


•   1^1.569.000  AI 


•>  of  ,l 
13.926.000    u 


;    m- 
rt*  at 


— Th*  I>ut«'h  ni«  •  •   iw  in 

);_'  Muio|| 
jj380  ton*,  and    154  ft 

.  the  ports 

during  1WM  the  total   number  of 
'  1.1  "•-•/•  n  fiibic  metres, 

•ailing  Teatel*,  • 

*  rteainers,  of  la^j^H 


mrtn-s.     Of   tho   sailing   vess. 

.11.1  of  iii,.si>  cleared  I.IUM  .  :in 
ami  »-f  .  •  •  ntered  an-: 

1  M  tin-  ve**ea^^l 
tered  6-J.".  Ailing  vessels, of 

ami    '.' 

f  1  iiil.-h  nat  ionalit  v. 
(  oiiiiiiiiiiic.iliuiis. 

:i    .Ian.  1.  |s«»4.  had  a  total  In.: 
half  of  which  Ix-loii^  to   i 
Tin-   total    li-ngtli  of   tli- 
17(»  mi!.-  aii'l  "f  oihi-r  navi^alih-  \\at«-rs  :: 
Tin-    Stair    t.'l.-raph-    i 

•  inili-s.  with   \'2. 

i-S    srlit     II 
..f      Whirl, 

Binary  ami  ','.>.!).v.i 
for  extraordinary  imrpose*. 

The  mimltrr  of  Iritrr-  M-m  through  tin 
office  HMiiinl,,.  int.-rn 

21,198,000   in    tin-    foreign   set 

.  :;i.!t(i7.(KKt  int. Thai 
of  print. -d  indosnrrs.    in:, 
514,000 external;  of  n-^i-ti-n-il  l.tt.  : 

•  iiit.-nial.  remitl 

fraii.--.  ami  .")1-|.<HM|  rxti-rnal.  r«-inittin.i:  1  ; 
000  fr; 

Lefflslatlon.— The  hill  for  th<-  rrf. 

framed    by   Mini-trr  of    tin-   I 
Van    lloiitcn.  giies  almost  as  far  a-   th- 
radical    nirii-siin-    of   Tak   van    IWt  \liri. 
wasrejeck-d  in  isirj.     That   hill  j.r< 
crease  the  nuinocr  of  electors 
than  double  the  existing  numl.ir.  t 
the  fran.  -h;  ry  I  Mit«-hman   ' 

years  of  age  who  can  -how  that  In 
d.-n  on  tin-  community.     The  hill  ol 
mu*t  be  submitted  to  the  Council  of  St. 

•  i-.otT.Ted  in  the  Second  Chamber:  but  a 
bill  may  be  proposed  in  the  Second  < 
any  one  of   it-  inemlMT-.  and.  like  a  mil. 
measure.it  most  first  be  discussed  in         '    "• 
before    it    comes   up    for   pnbli<-   d< 

<  •hainb-r  must  either  adopt  in  it-  . 
a    inea^iin-   that     ha*    iron,-   thn-u-h   the   - 
Chamber  or  reject  it.  but  can  i. 

':iinn   electoral   impo-t    at    1  PJ 
*]   and  'JO  guildi-r<  for  th< 
mime-,  but   the  amount   could   be  .! 
cording  to   local   condition-.      l'.\  t! 
\i-ion  of  ;  •utioii  in  lss?  the  <  i 

tax  was   lowered  and   mad.-   r 
ing  the  ,.|r«-t.. rate  from  1  J(MKH> 
measure  was  admitted   to  be  \>r»\ 
and  the  Clerical  ininiMry  that 

-^8  promised  an  extension  of  r 
but  it  failed  to  keep  the  pn-in 
thrown  and  Tak  van   I'ortvli.-t.  tl. 
former,  eritered  the  mini-try  thr.-< 
witli  a  scheme  to  confer  the  r 
t  rni-boni    Dutchman    t  ' 
of  age.  who  could  furnish  external   - 
capacity  and  well-},, 

nessof'thi-  condition  a  long  and  cxciti- 
troversy   followed,    and    Mr.    van    I 
drew  lip  the  bill,   adopted  the  view-  of  1 

crate  Liberals,  who  combined  with  the  < 
atives  and  under  the  name  of  the  Anti-l: 


;-t.,|     Ihn'  'ieOCM   Of 

w  elector*    Mr    itkao. 

i.ut  n-Mtft 

it.. I    n    l.xltfin* 


.  . 


gull 


I 

eft  are  inscribed  in  the  pr»»jjraniiue  crui 

•A)*  that    f«.                           •  ••••    of  Nil- 

10   witrkinu'inaii.     To  .p|M>aM>  this  T 

in   Augu*t.  1898,  a|>-  858, 

unfarion  composed  of  95  member*  repi 


from  railruad*,  ai»d 


rUmi.  |«4^  c«  J 


Mbf* 


»l»r?l» 
**S»  474 


I 

• 


toral  bill. 

..    I  \liiliition.  nt.-nm-     ^ 

Wftft  hrl«l    in   tin-   -u  MI  in.  r  of    ch.tMlt* 
ift  originally  |»rv|>mv<l  f<>r  (ho     rlmn«lt«* 

plan    at    flrM    wa- 


tow  industnrt  were  «!*•»  ««-ll  I  h«  tt 

MW  A   ft*-  rrUniU 
tlu>   gucnt«  « 

vane**  without   the  WJt 

teWMft  Of  Old  IloIInml  »lr  r 

I  .i-t   liidlfn.—  The  AftUtio  poe-  guikle 

liuxls  comprii«  th««  popa-  ouu  gui 
I  other  In:                -M.II 


.(.itanic     r«bie 


em  of  50.848  • 


•••'  H 
nd 


tlMl    Ibr  rlMte    1 

- V-^  «. 


44 


I  '  - 

r 


of  J»rm  Ud 


' 


ln«tli  i«i 


•  -• 


TV  teJemph  lines,  *»»"•"  Mongto  the  GOT- 
•nuBenTTr'  n  <h  ...  1808  of 

•Ulta.  wtih  6A47  Thcnuu 

dUpalrhea  in  1888  was  564J84,  • 

land  and  165.730  paid  international 
dfan«Ic4tea.  The  portal  iniili-  in  tho  same  year 
m8j871343  doieetic  and  7.925.K  j 

Irtier*.    The  receipt*  of  the, post 


IUlm~  JUj.h  k  was  successful,  and 

the  rawh.  who  bail  bought  rifles  to  ti^'hi  the 
Dutch  instmd  of  paving  the  regular  tnliute. 
ond  had  entered  :»•-  with  British  and 

and  brought  tin-  fertile  island 
and  He  industrious  Saasak  population  to  a  de- 
.,  -,.;.  nfarule,  mm  taken  to 
luuti*  f.-r  trial  and  deposed.    One  of  tl, 

n* -Hiring  seditious  conspiracies  was  dis- 
covered  early  in  1805  in  the  residency  of  Huiten- 
aorf.  Jam.  and  50  chiefs  and  their  follower! 
were  suppos«^  to  »»•  plot  ting  a  general  massacre 
of  Europeans  nnd  <  'hi new,  were  arrested. 

M  >  M»\.  i  PH   .:.  ..t...  admitted  to 

the  Onion  Oct.  81,  1864;  area,  110.700  square 
miles.  The  population,  acconling  to  each  de- 
eenniai  census  since  ad...  r.M'.H  m 

1870;  62.266  in  1880;  and  45,761  in  1890.    Capi- 
tal.  i  'anmn  • 
Oefemnieat— The  following  were  the 

•h.-   year:  Governor.  .I..hn    K. 

Jones;  LifHitfHiant  Governor.  Keinhold  Sadler; 

•  .  .     •  -  LU  .  i:  if  m   Hovell :  Treasurer, 

u    •  \\    •      •:     :.  .  omptroller.C.  /LLe  Grave; 

Superintend.  <.t     of    Public    Instru.-tion.    ||.    C. 
.  .    i:     M.    l'...ity— all 

Sdrcr  perty;  Adjutant  (teneral,  C.  II.  <ialu-ha. 
Republican' :  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
K.  iL  Biffplnw.  Republican;   Associa* 
ri»rlo»  II.  It  Ikn.-ip.  Democrat,  and  M.  S.  Bloom- 
•ejd.  Silver  part 

Flnanre*.— The  r«  ..»  OomptroUer, 

rendered  in  January,  gives  the  following  dc- 
taiU:  nn  I>oo.  »l.  1H9C  the  debt  of  th. 

to  $157.628.91,  and  there  were  $146,- 
065.18  in  the  treasury  applicable  to  its  payment. 
The  Territorial  indebtednees  is  represented  l.y  a 

.i-redeemable-State  bo, 
j  to  the  school  fund, 
urr  J«n.  1.  1*N.  was  $884.546.45;  received  dur- 
taf  the  year.  $458,461.23;  transfer  from  library 
fund. $1100 ;  toUl $888.021  ix    Ih 
during  the  year.  $5^2.174.56:  cash  in  treasury. 
DeeTf  1. 18H  $8I5J846^1    The  actual  expenses 
of  the  State  Government  for  the  two    years 
IMMM  were  $505j886.98.     The  revenue  col- 
l»«t*J  af^licablr  to  the  payment    of  those  ex- 

A  i  <  ^     »_  **i  A* 

"  waa  ^mtJSnjK, 

Ednretleu. -There  were  $78,645.88  in    th. 
4  fond.  $7,868.2  •  rersity  fund 

nt.  I   $12.1  H».ls  ,n  t|M.  m 
\  Awaiting  ;  I      ,    iif,,nnity 

dftM»nt  to  l\\c  <  '.,:.-•  •  ntJMti.  nn  act  ap- 

•inent 


Ml  %*  in  1'n 
*«U.»o4  $] 


IHt->|  a 


to 


..    Th««  cxfionditures 
funds  forth*  i*»ncfit 

ftlS!!*«UnlTerri|y 


The  school  population  in  IS'.i ; 

iiuinlM-r  riiri'llni.  ?/.".^  :  tin-  a\.  r;i-r   iiuin 

_T  altrndaniT. 

D  of  ><•)». u.l.  7'^  nu'iii  li«« :  .1 

P8  nmnthly.  ^7(>.H'«  :   t"ta'. 

.  .;llililim  »l 

iMi«al    luiildin^  and    niachincry   \\« 

S 

st.it.'    Institution*..      ] 
..f  I  hr  cc.st  of  lhr.si>  and  tin-   1111111!..  • 
for  tin-  liii-nni.i 

api.rMpriaij.ai.    s?r,:, 
$62,994.18;  n-i-ripN  f.-r   <• 
States    and    county    prisoners    and    salcv 
998.89:  n.  •  renfp  mr 

••re,  88j  ;  average  daily  . 
uts. 

.•  Insane  Asy In  n.  $8^^l 

amount   expended.  *, 

U'e  niiinlin 

hiding 

i  in  pi.. \.-in. 'lit-,  tnosportation,  «•»<-..  5(>,Vf- 

Stntc     Orphai 
000;  expeii 

^  .  rap-    numl.rr   ..f  «•!. 

80 ;  average  daily  co  nta, 

Km-  tin-   Deaf.    Dninli.  and    I'.lind 
ti..n.   $2.(KK);   cost,  s 
'I'here  is  no  State  institution.     Child' 
t..  tin-  California  Institution  for  tin-  I 
and  I'.lind  at  IVrkeley.    The  cost  is  > 

la  i  in  i  n  ir. — A  reporton  thecropssa 

vyihini:  in  the  way  of  crops  and  fr 
yielded*  far  Letter  than  w., 
ginning  Of   the  seas«.n.     While   the  rainf. 
IM-I..\V  the  normal,  the  supply  of  water  1 
.nation  held  out  very  well.  .  \   •  i  •   in 

County,  along  the  upper  portion  «.f  HI.- 

river.  "  The  tain.'  hay  .fop  i-  fair.  »!' 
hay  cut  less  than  usual.     All  Miiall  friiit>  j 

than  for  years  in  Huinholdt.  1. 
Dounla-.  Ormsby.and  the  extreme  sc.nth.  i 

.   County. 

Miniiiff.— <  Considerable  activi; 
in  the  miniiiLT  districts  during  tlie 
been  tak.-n  out  in  n 
Th.-  De  Lamar  .listrict.  in  southern    ! 
peoially,  where  the  mines  ha\.  been  in  «>j 

only  ntNMit  three  year-,  ha-  had  a  -n -at  it 

I'lli-  activity  tip  • 
.ne.jualed    ill   the   State  since 
days.    Most  of  the  large  mines  are cont  r< 
the  !>«•  Lamar  company,  which  was 
Au-ust  to  be  shipping  about  $100.' 
.  month. 

men  have  been  j.aid  in  cl 
aluminum  coins   issued  hy  the  eon;; 

'   face  valiu-s.  which"  have    |..-en    in    •_ 
circulation  in  that   section  as  \\ 
I'tah.     This  wa>  h. M  by  Cni! 
-  ontrary  t..  the   law.  mai, 
to   make   or   utter   any   coins.      T.' 
claimed  MS  their  reason  for   u- 
of  (Jovernrnent  coin*  that  it  wa - 

rl  f.ld  and  silver  back  into  tin 
and  that  us  tlie  money  wa.s  not  intenrled  f 
eral  circulation  they  were  violating  no  law.    'I 
t'nit"  -lot  Attorn 


HBVAhA 


it  Waft  tu»«l  an.l 

t  allowed  to  go  on  htt  own 

rk  were  oooMiIu*!.  an-i  • 
iiiiiiiiiiuiii  coin*  should  i 

'.-r  $40.000 

.ltd  w  ill  run  t  lit'i'ii..' 

tin  all  tl» 

bd  to  affmiter  depth. 

..«!«•    »t    t1«Ai» 

ii«  Sutro  '1 
I  wast  ihr.-MiTh  tin-  w.-!   f»r: 

•ii  tin-  \  it  i 
•haft  and  -  '<>  the  American 

ml  nun.".    The  drift 
\ltn  will   ' 
-•  mini-nil  In  Jirmc.  I'Mt  w 

wr  tun- 
drain  it  nt  »  .|.-j.t  h  of  U  t «. .  t,  l.iUK)  and 

SMwIoM. — The  M-V. 

--  U-iran  Jnn.  -Jl  nn.i 


dfflVHI  in  fet* 

.  t.  i..|.t  from  tfcfc  rmk.    It  aAao 

tun.-  f-.r    »^-*»i:..-  .  %  -     -     .  k    i  .  „-..      . 


.-it    i.   that 
«  and  Mimmrr 


«  M*U  •« 


thr 

Hr 

.1.1  mcMtiwof 
The  nme  Uw  WM  MM«4 

M-a-ii  f..rkillii.k-  ira 

woodcork,  and  MmiUr 

All    m  t    WM    pMHd   to 

from  wild  hnraaa.    Thb  b 
aa  800.000-lhal   an. 


>.estle  bom  torn  tW 

Central  .. 
at  $"»  a  • -tiii?. 


'-•r  this 
al 

i\  9, 

u'  f  rd  r- 


I*.   |   \r 

.'  '         : 

And  be  it  totber  w«ol». 

ll,f..n-«IIMt.t    ..»     •»  •      I  f.'.r -•.*•.      • 


tht-  f 
iiiul  In 


«,i>  pajsjd  to- 
away  with  th.< 

ll.A.i   Hill     »n.\ 


,:,., 
•>.-. 


»h>  law  was  qnettinned.     It 

•     ,,,to,.,..   - 

5;ofi bit*  «HMa  aad  »W 

_  t .(_.»... 


iat  ownara  of 


txi  that  live  stock  dri 


afailtwaaaiWeaM*?! 


.,--;  -; 

n!rtoaonTu«iUr.Marchi.aiui^.:! 

Sain  the  work  of  Neva-  -  •  Jtf« 

'   v-:'  '  "  '• "'  '•;•.  Y..V'.M 


iwrxswn  K. 


-  ' 


i,-t  providing  for  a  portrait  of  ex-Gov 
OotoofTwJ 
provision  thai  the  work  be  done  by  a  N 

-• 


m    f,,r   the   8UDrai«ion  of   an 
,,(    ni;,,-.v  ni  Miiffraire  wa> 

jbl> 
thhrr  acts  of  the  mrinn 


K      • *'•      » 

ing  woman  suffrage 

to  the  Afeembljr  by  a  Tote  . 

\x .  i  •  •  : 


Makinx  it  th«  du- 

•MHrty  ia  which  fmblio  arma,  aocout«rnientA,  or  n 
STU.  am  oow"h«i  or  ahall  her. 


„,_. 

IBTT  mgarwf  ••»  nww  •••»*  wi  »•••••  «••  • 
Ibr  the  we  of  any  volunteer  organised  militia  corn- 
mma  to  provide  a  suitable  and  safe  unn-ry  f..r  organ- 
bad  Militia  companies  within  said  o.unty,  and  pro- 
•Utabl  that  the  evporaw  should  be  paid  from  the  State 
•      •      ..  Dfao  ippropriattpa    The 
OoeMitolion  forbids  payment  of  money  froin  li 
•j  «teept  in  eooecquenceof  an  appropriation 
vidioff  thai  after   May,  1896,  oommiasioned  offloan 
will  he  elected  for  two-vear  terma,  and  not  less  than 
44  members  will  constitute  a 


military  compaiiv.  in- 

etemd  of  4".  as  at  present. 

Rafttlattaf  appeals  to  the  Supreme  Court. 

Chanftaf  the  name  of  the  State  insane  asylum  to 

ii         .••••::     :•  ..:,--. 
Appropriatiaf  $15,000  for  an  annex  to  the  State  in- 

Dedarin«  the  willful  intention  of  any  pcrwon  to  pre- 
vent another  person  from  securing  employment  a 

Providing  for  the  establishment  of  high  schools  in 


To  prevent  the  spread  of  contagious  diseases. 

Rr*u1atin*  thepractice  of 

!V>vJfm«  for  Typographical  Union  labels  on  pub- 


BMUirintf   corporations   to   pay    tl,,  -ir  employees 
monthly  and  in  lawful  money. 

M  \\    KIM  NSWICK,  an  eastern   province 
of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,    Capit* 


—  Th  ri    c,,un,-il.    or 

roinurtry.  oonsista  of  the  II  ,„.  A.  (i.  I'.l.-.ir. 
Pruaier  and  Attorney-General  ;  Hon.  .F.  Mitdi- 
eO.  Provincial  Secretary.  .-edie, 

8eWwfor  Oenerai  ;  Hon.  II.  K.  Kmmenton. 
•Montr  Of  Public  Work-   Hon.  A.  S.  White, 
SoUcfeaMfonera!      Boa    Ml-it    T.    Dunn   and 
ll-n.  «     H.  Ul.iiloU.  mombere  of  Council 
oejt  portfolio  or  salary.     Mr.  Blair  is  a  L.l 
politir*  and  hat  be*  .f  the  i.r 

flBt.     A*  in  Nova  Scotia  nn«i 
taiaeeJGoremmeotof  u  riiffep  nt  i.- 


t    overnment  nn-l  at  tit 
pUre  on  Oct.  16.  1805.  and  re- 

Tht  third  eenaon  of  t  he  Twen- 
Aiietbiy   waa   opened    l,v 
.  Jan.  81.  1805.  ih 

^ 


The  liberal  provi-i«'M   \\lii.-h   tin-  T.« 
tlu-  «lmr\  in' 

III  in  thi*  iiii|M.rt:int  \M-rk   IIJIM-   \". 

.  .  :it>    t'lilv    I 

1 
u|H>n  Mut-.nl,-  |.r<.<lm-ti'  • 

• 

The  imporunco  «>t  j.r«>\i.i 
11  in  l'iirli:i- 

• 
craved  in  recent 

iinicnt  will  Mil.init  t<>  Y'.u  \\ill  I.. 

)l«|x-.i. 

•  ;.-h  in  tin-,-  r<-: 

All    JK-tivr    interest    is    In-ill;:    ««" 

•j.siiiir   l"i>-; 
holdio  •  xliil'iti'.n   in   th;r 

tin-  I'll:  Should  til' 

:i   MiitaMe  «iisj.:.. 
.  .  rnni.  tit    l.rlirv,-*  it  wniil'l 
to  assist  the  lUxliTtakin^r  in 

Tin-  principal  Icu'i-Iation  of  tin-  MB* 

-P'^u.-.l  on  March.")     c,iii-.i>t,-il  in  I  • 
lowing  acts: 
To  secure  to  wives  and  chi 

ill>U!.. 

In  aid  of  nn  exhibition  at  8t  John. 

T..  i.n.vi.lr  t'«T  tin-  insjK-etion  ••! 

Intended  r-.r  c.\j»ort. 

:  the  property  of  niarri 

is>ue  of  provincial  <l«-ln-nti;- 
iu-!iil  further  the  New  Urni.-  --al  Mt 

of  1881. 

Respecting  assignments  and  pret 
ent  |Kjrson«. 
To  amend  uthe  New  Brunswick 


To  provide  for  the  cost  of  err 
bridges. 

Nuances.—  Mr.  Mitchell  deliver. 
speech  Feb.  6.     At  the  end  "f  the 
the  bonded  in<!<-i.n-,in.-s  w.-i*  s 
tiin.-  of  speaking  it  was  $2,675,000.     Dm 
year  $30,000  of  IH.H.U  iM-arini:  ' 

id  been  rcplac-« 

policy  would  be  pursued  in  1895  with  s  : 
tares.      Tin-   floating  debt  was  $1 
Durinu'  ihi-  year  a  lar-«'  nnnilM-r  of 
had  been  built.    Tii.-iot.-ii- 
was  $669,372,  the  actual  outlay  $r.», 
rvc,-i|,H  for   is!»r,  WIT.-  $(i 
chi.-f  it,-m>  being  $488,660  from  tl.. 
:.:    Hil.vi.lv.  $145.000  fr«" 
reventi«-  (mainly  limbrrla- 
taxes  on  it  .  <-ompani«-.    'I 

litun-   for    1H95  was  $66!  U  '.a   tli 
items  being  $14,160  nj-'-n  the  a-lmi 

:|i«li    HL'riciillti: 

••.luxation,  $27,600  «i|".n  execul 
$114.000  nj.'.n  inti-n-st,  !?1!>.V' 

••n  the  lunatic  a-ylnm,  >•' 
j.uhlic    printing,    and    $192,r><>    upon 

l..|iicjitiun.      The  I'p.vim-ial  I'.oardof  I 
tion   conwi^s  of    ||,  r-    Lieutenant  (* 
members  of  t!i«-   K\.-cutive  Council.  tl,< 

rlent     of    ti 

the   Chief  SujM-rinten.l.-nt    of    Krlu--.- 

•Is  are    by   statute    free   atcl    un-e. 
Since  1890  there  has  been  an 


NEWFOUNDLAND. 


1807.  nor  *JI*r  Dee.  81.1*7. 

Hfcfj 


of  schools,  189  in  the  number  of 

(410.    forded  a  alight  Us»| 

flr»t  '  »4  th«  rr  wrr*  l.ftM     »a*  the  distruat  thai 

he  province,  1.740  teacher*,  and  61.. 
a  r.  rage  attendaiicej  during  the 

CM-H.       Thr, -I,.-.,-.    •.:.'.     M,,      MSJ 
r     .Ht.     !"'.»»      M..    ...   M      *!    "  ---'      '"      • 

rrsnta,  $88J61  from 

assessment.;  a  total 


f   '.'., 

n  January.  180ft. 

inrntal  in»j..rU-  that  the  SOiefeifi 

hr  cn>|«.  on  the  Hniuh   .ihrr  U   ukn,   »t 

the  The  gold  eagle  of  U*  I'ntud 

d  small  fruits  was  rreatly  10 


are  bseo  good,  bat  tns  The  gold  eafte  of  UM  Vmtiil  tetav  fNMMsw 

unall  fruit*  was  greatly  10peanyw«At  18 grates  troy.  ta«ll  pss9lsrB[ 

•ireful.      DaJljilM     *»(%.-«  M.«l     M-'i.';)    .--       r     ;  *"•    •       .       '  ... 

risu  during  CoioastnMk  f  or  oiresjktioa  ia  ibr  c^osi/alMtl 

la«torie»  In  tne  prov.  be  legal  taadsr  tor  UM  mtasiMJcMd  ISMM.    3U 


rom  nothing  to 


of 

f  r 

of  .  .inkinf 

h.      ,J,-|.t     I.    to 


onth6    crftheooiooy.    The 
Je,    On    rarment  of  the  1U 


ton.  ilMMN  Df  IJDOQ  | ••  ^  : •-. 

\.  \\.  D.  Hoanl.  ..f   \\!~.  ,  •    .-. 
•r,  of  Ni-w  liruuswick,  Preafar 

province  had 
»lf  and  lO.fal  in  boat*. 


Another  art  pmrhisd  far  U» 

aflredeptftmeir 

is  -  rT    111    tf  i    fir  n 

Toward 


wiTtl 

MM    > 


these  boat*,  traps,  nets,  wharves, 
ad  at  $1.680,912,  and  the  value  of 

$4351,527—  an  increase  of  $600,- 
'.000  over  1809.  Its 
h  waa  $715,611).  The  .i. 

»:  Salmon.  $454.974  ;  hake.  $*!.- 

Imlil.iit.    $W.?4?*:    ood, 
-lt  *.  $«:W.4im;    lm.M--k.   *-!•.•.•-::: 
- 


ctal  damage. 
The  act  to  conttns*  for  a  furtWr 


t.i.t      -  ..m.  i-l*' MJ9iM~tLummr  in  iW 

I'll  I II  1C  (HOTHMV   Jpw^B    |HW^«    ^V    l^V 

Council  to  reduce  all  saJarisa  ajsjoH 


e  registered  tonnage  carrying 
of  the  province  during  1804 
The  tonnage  of  vessels  em- 
Tinokl 


The  art  to 

th.  -,:,-.  t.  M  ,  •    ' 


r jt 

rupVaZdSsial  «t 


M>      -rerslim;x>rtantacts 
luring  the  sst- 

I-'V, 

lowixl    tho 

>e  only  two  banks  in  the  inland  on 

•».    their  notes  oonstituted  almost 

urrency  of  the  country,  and  when 

tlsm  became  worthless  people  fouml  themselves 

thb  serious  emergency  the  Legislature  pasMd  an 

«nks  then  in  circulation,  and  for  a  gwr* 
he  Government  of  80  per 
.  the  case  of  fnion  H«i.k 

Notes  thus  puarantowl  vert  not 
ptesentetl  for  nayment  till  Julj    I,   1801 
»  notes  were  to  be  redeemed  before  Jan.  1. 
VOL.  xxxv.-^4  A 


nipt  am 


m  the  corrmp*  "praci 
•hall  be  constrord  to  wtwWr  ant  «sv 
incapable  of  betay  a  MPJi  I  •  u 

v..in.ir  in  th. 


'„:„,  •:•     -..- 
S&^tttt. 


eve* 


ing.  the  profile  ftBMd  tlM 

r* 


KorNDLAXD. 


The  people  ooormgeously  faced  their  difnVul- 
were  able  to  overcome 
and  that  better  days  were  in  store.    The 
JiahflMOiof  brandies  of  8  Canadian  !„. 
hfeh  standing  in  St.  John's  was  attended  with  the 
.     .'-.;••!  .:••  .''•••         •      '    '  ;ng  '  •  •"• 

wstsMbifftmtoiwrta, 

of  Montreal  ev  helping  hand  to 

.-    :    i  •.   .,    ,  •  tB    -  Dsol  d    i!    t" 
all  ItabUitie*  on  .Inn.  1  and  April  1. 

i  plentiful,  and  shops  and  stores  re- 
*y  aspect.    The  destitute 
l*,r .,  i-d  for  by  gene: 

•  .  .   •    . 

operation-,  and  employment  !»•- 
plentiful   a*    the   year    advan.  <  d. 
About  8,500  men   found  employment    on   the 

Still*  more  important  was  the  success  of  the 
ami  fishery,  which  proved  to  be  the  best  for  many 
yean,  an.)  in  value  exceeded  $600,000.  This 
Wan  followed  by  one  of  the  best  summer  cod 
•  -  .  v,  ... :.  i  i  ia  need  rent,  N"t  only 
was  the  catch  large,  but,  owing  to  favorable 
weather  and  greater  care,  tin  cure  was  Miperior 
to  that  of  recent  years.  The  cash  trade  proved 
to  be  the  beet  for  many  years. 

Meantime  a  floating  "debt   of  $2.500,000  re- 

mained,  and  the  condition  of  th<  -rotted 

•ility  of  the  colony  in 

meet  its  liabilities.  This  had  a  depressing  effect 
at  home  and  exercised  an  injurious  influence  on 
nbmad.  If  a  loan  could  be  obtained  suf- 
ficient to  wipe  out  the  floating  public  d.-l.t.  and 
if  a  retrenchment  policy  were  adopted,  th.  n  all 
mteht  go  well.  The  Hon.  RoWrt  I',  nd.  Colo- 
nial Swretary.  obtain,  d  in  the  Ix.ndon  monev- 
markrt  a  loan  of  $2,500.000  at  4  per  cent.,  to  be 
repaid  in  forty  years.  He  also  negotiated  a  loan 
of  ti.OOOjOOO  for  the  savings  bank  at3*  ocr  cent., 
rendering  this  ii  absolutely  safe  in  any 

emergency.  As  soon  as  the  success  of  the  loan 
was  announced,  the  Government  formulated  a 
stringent  retrenchment  policy,  which  was  adopt- 
ed by  the  Legislature,  and  at  the  same  time  a 
alight  increase  of  taxation  was  made.  The  re- 
tienchmenu  announce  aggregate  $494 .(XM>.  All 
official  salaries  are  reduced,  and  reductions  are 
also  made  in  the  grant*  to  various  public  serv- 
ices. The  expenditure  for  the  fiscal  year  is  esti- 
mated to  reach  $1,331.000,  while  the  estimated 
f*v*naefortheyearis$l 

The  revenue,  which  had  suffered  severely  by  the 
ffmsii.  ha*  rallied  to  a  wonderful  extent. 'and  as 
hwteeai improved  and  imports  increased,  it  fully 
shand  in  the  general  prosperity.  I'..  f..r.  th'.- 
•Ml  of  I8W  it  regained  its  normal  condition. 
Ttwnrvmae  for  October  and  November  exceeded 
thai  of  the  same  months  in  18M :  and  M  quarter 
<lay  approached.  .I»n.  1.  1806,  the  Government 
wa*  able  to  remit  to  London  the  money  required 

;    iblir  -h  lit  ;i,,d 

toMHail  home  liabilities  out  of  the  revenue  for 

T"***d  m£y*"  *  cndit  •3ritolB«  on  which 
I  *«d.l~.««W  on  for  generations, 
and  in  future  these 


and  t.  !.-<sly  in  ,1,-bt.     At  the 

same  time  tin-  sy-inu  worked  di»a>trou> 
the  merchant  class,  and  ultimately  mine.: 
.    e|.'«-tion    to«k    place  at    the  < 
1888,  re-ill'  :   \  i.  '  ..r\    f.T  I  If 

\\illiam  VVhitewa'y.     The  i ,'. 

i  :  '.'I  \\  I ..••  wa]  ite>,  and  TJ  <  »j-po>iti,,|,. 
\\  h.  n    the    new    Li-u'Malmv   met    in    i-'el 
1894,  it  was  found  that  1!)  ineinber>  «.f  the  V 

.  iin-luding  the    Premier   I 

all  the  members  of    111-   (  al.m.t.  had 

Dat  on  the  gnuind  that  th> 

guilty   of    bribery   and   corruption.     \Vh.n    the 


~--  ww^ww  ,    m»ru    in    iut,urc   IIH->C 

mftilii  will  U  conducted  on  a  cash  basis. 

t*.HX!?'f  §3riU?m  wa8  to  «ndennine 
"""        lhe  »«J»*«  - 


._  honesty  of  the  ft-h- 
to  render  them  reckleas  and  indolent, 


Camr  li|>  for    hr:c  •     I  li«    jii'l 

III.-  Sii|'!vmr  Court,   the   lir-1    tlnv 
fouinl  guilty,  and    \vi-n-   un>«-atrd   and   di 
ti.-d    for  .standing    apiin    a-    caixlid^ 
the  term  of  tin-   j-rt^.m  I'arlianirn: 
that    i1 

Sir   William    \Vliitr\\. 
rnmr    to   <li>solve    tin 
order  a   m-w  ••In-tion.      Had   tl 
would   have  endc-d   H 
and  left  all  open  to  n--rlrcti»n.     Hut  il. 
ernor  refused  to  act  on  the  ad\ 

ten,  on  the  ground  that  it  would  amount 
u*injj  the  royal  pn-n^ativr  for  the  purj 
inlerfrrini:  with   the  ordinary  course  of  j 
and  >hieldin^  men  who  were  accused  «  '   « ••  rnij.t 
|.ra<-tic«.     In   this  cour.se   he  \\a-  >u-taii.- 
the    rmperial    authorities.     In    con- -ij.ieiiee,  •[  I 
William   Whiles  d.  and   t  • 

Morrison,  leader  of   tin-   <  'j«|>o-jtion.  was  • 
on  to  form  a  (iovernim-ut.     Not  having  a  maJ^BI 
ity  in  the  Bouse  of  Assembly,  the  new  (}ovcrn- 
inent    could    not    carry  any  'm- 
Lejj^lature  was  j»ror«>pied    from   tii 
so  as  to  permit  the  accused  mcmWr 
Tho  trials  proceeded,  and,  one  after  another,  1? 
members  of  the  Whiteway  |.art\ 
till  only  7  were  left.     The  new  (Jovernmen!  had 
then  a  majority  :  the  House  met  and  pas>- 
-sary  bills,"  and  the  session  closeil. 

When*  the   new   elections   wer- 

ancies  caused  l>y  the  un-t-atin^-  of 
here,  the  great  majority  went  ». 
risen  %  Government,  and    a    lar. 
Whitfwayite  candidates  \\  •  ued.     Thi< 

finallv  led  to  the  resignation  of  th«-  (iovm 
and   5lr.  (Jret-n  was  called  upon  to  form  a  Gov- 
ernment, which  he  did.  and   soon  af' 
.-  passed  removing  the  di-aM: 
condemned  members;  sothat  SirWil 
way  and  the  other  disqualified  memKer-\\. 
elected,  and  he  au'ain  l»-came  I'rr-n. 

While   these    political    e\ 

there  was  much  excitement,  and  party  ani 

ran    high.     Much    friction    \\.i-   .\j. 

carrying  on  the-  Government   nnd«-r  -u«-h  Bi 

lous  conditions,  and  especially  in  the  coli 

of  the  revenue.     Mut  when  the  Lc- 

s«-Mibl«-d.  in   the   spring  ol 

turmoils  were  hushed   in    | 

eial  calamity;  and  th 

to  devising  remedial  measures  and 

colony  from  bankruptcy. 

.    In  April,  1805.  t  h<  <  tovernn* 

tion  to  Canada  toend'av.,r  t  term* 

the  admission  of  Newfoundland 
Dominion:  but,  after  protracted  di- 
attempt  at  union   proved  a  failure,  the 


ND. 

•MV  foond  to  extr  fid  • 

»t  the  an- 
^t,  ram  afford 

•  QOssUon  U  i*till  un- 
'    late   been    K 

MMM'' 

»!••   vnlii.-  of   imp  ,rt«   in   1HW  waa 

• 

. 

•  •w    lino    from    I'larnitia 
'    n.  ilr*.  in  n,  nk- 

Is*  rapid  prosp^eav  and  is  admirablj  built,    h.r 

ndioo  t 
x-4.Il.VJ  mile*  fr..'m   the  .1  . 

:.ll.".     to     U 

!,eclo»of  1WW  it  u-.il  !*•  completed 

LaWTMOe    t«>   raj*-  !    will 

place  tratrlrrx  with  tin- 

tvmul  milway  •Tstcm.  m.  <llaml  will 

.u.l.     «>n  ll 

will  hare 
!«•  of  railway. 

important    (iiaooreries   hare 

bM  made  durinf  tin-  j-;i>t   y.-ar.     «>i.,    i,  ,  f    t 

H  long  and  0  broad,  on  the  new 

^^•1  rail  way,  near  the  eastern  end  of  Grand 

et  bj  rail  from  Bay  of  Inlands.  One 

wan  i*  estun.i''.  :   '  •    .-..ntain    II.«MHHHHI  •    ML 

aad  Ihetv  are  6  smaller  seams.    The  coal  is  of 

Oeorge*s  Bay,  at  no 

lie  railway  iron  ore  is  rt- 

less  important  U  the 

SH.Mt  of  inui  ..n-  i-u 

hnV 
TWn«  arr  3  beds  of  on  .  hare 

«.     A   mining  • 
..•it   th—  ,.  ntain  AO.OOO.OOOt. 

iff.    The  ore  tests  55 

*  otia  company,  who  hare  already  'hipped 
rwal  large  cargoes  to  be  smelt  rd  at  Sew  Glas- 

'hc  Man.!. 

i«s  to  be  prosecated  sacoessfnlly.    In  1894 
i'pcr  ore  and  rcguh 

• 


NEW  IUXPSH1RE. 


Goirrnmrnt.    Thr  f 
oflccrs  during  the  yn 


nif-all   ItSfsfrl 

'  :  •        •    : 

skmen.  Is  rocs  • 

and  406    I 


Prescolt,  Thomas  Cogswell:    Uafcor  CtasjMft* 

M,.n.-r.  J.I...   W.  |fc.ur!d.   «  bM  fM«  *     ?  Hi 
Snj.r.  MM-    pool     <  l.aflr,    1>  .        \-. 

K.  M.  Wallacr.  1 

W.  Smith,  who  retired  in  ** 

Parsoam 

M  -The  traMrtinii  of  tW 
for  the  year  were:  Ca»a.  Jane  1.  !•>•> 
Hpu  to  June  i 

o^^mio 
balance.  $14S.lttJ6l.     The  »H  deit.  J«a«  U 

i.'r'  *•-:;•  B 

ng  the  r&tnanrdlnary  appn>fwtaiM 
$o<604.ft  for  la*  Htoto  Ubrmrf  bsjHHs« 
48O59  for  the  asylum  Belial  sffwewWteS) : 

"hrrr1-  ^4.^JO  for  carnria«'os«  ligJissIM  i  iv 
^14JI   for  fri^sjwaSji^sj 

•'  **r 
fbriivVes> 


$M.:Bi:.4.-.    f 
I  >mrtroooUi 

ark 

I        - 
.  .     • 


College; 


SUIr. 

f  Ihr 


iported  from  a    and  towns. 

. 


were  einorte    from  a 

• 


:.   : 


M-:\V    HAMI'SIIIKK. 


ul  <f  I.27S.OOO).    In  the  same  time  there  has 
l«rn  *  decrease  in  '  money  on  band,  at  interest, 

"       :    ••  -  *J ••  >-:••' 

«he«  the  law  requiring  sworn  inventories  went 
IMIO  tfbflt  and   wa*    universally  enforced,   to 


it  $6.000.000  in  1804,  when  In  a  lam  por- 
Uoa  of  cities  and  towns  it  has  practically  become 
adeadWUer.  I  nine  past  four  yean  the  equalised 
iSSSaSil*  the  lo'ciUi*  of  theStatenas  ad- 


$|ftJ88£H  or  more  than  three  fifths  of 
ireborease 


tcrease  previously  shown.    The  de- 
iffriruliiiral  properties  in  the  State 
year  by  year  more  apparent,0    The 
ESe  poll*  has  riWfrom  86,837  in 
-:H.     With  a  State  tax  of 


fMQUOOO,  which  has  been  the  regular  annual 

-;nce  1888, the  amount  required  ot 
$1.000,000 of  valuation,  under  t  he  new  appon  i<>n- 
SMQt,  «>ll  I*  fl. ::•••;  with  the  last  apportion- 
.ont  (1H90)  it  was  slightly  in  excess  of  $1,900. 
Kd oration. —The  forty-eighth  annual  report 
of  the  schools  of  the  State,  issued  in  October, 
1W4.  gives  the  number  of  schools  as  2,222 ;  the 
av*ra£»  length  of  school  sessions  in  weeks,  24-95 ; 
the  average  attendance,  42,030;  the  average  to 
each  school.  181)1 ;  the  percentage  of  average 
dance  to  the  whole  number,  67  :? :  the  num- 
aUendinsr  private  schools,  7,425; 
ir  of  male  teachers,  280;  female 
teachers,  2.907;  average  wages  of  the  former, 
$49178  a  month:  of  the  latter,  $27.36.  There 
_-h  schools  and  22  pri- 
vate schools  of  similar  grade.  The  State  Nor- 
mal School  at  Plymouth  has  about  75  students. 
The  Legislature  passed  an  act  establishing  a 
-,  -..,:.  .  an  E  ,T., 


practical  and  theoretical 
agriculture,  a  department  of  horticulture,  and  a 
system  of  pr*  ruction  and  manual 

training  at  the  College  of  Agriculture,  to  which 
students  shall  be  admitted  who  can  pass  a  fair 
and  reasonable  examination  in  reading,  spelling, 
writing,  arithmetic,  English  grammar,  and  the 
geography  and  history,  of  the  United  States. 
This  act  was  the  result  of  the  agitation  in  ref- 
ereoce  to  the  college  which  has  been  going  on 
for  tome  time.  It  was  claimed  that  th< 
tees  and  instructors  were  devoting  their  efforts 
mainly  to  building  up  a  classical,  scientific,  and 
polytechnic  institution.  The  Legislature 
propriated  $2.500  a  year  for  two  years, " 
purpose  of  carrying  the  act  into  effect 

The  class  from  Dartmouth  Medical  w_»» 
•umbering  88,  wan  the  largest  ever  graduated 
to  tfcat  department. 

TW  term  at  Dartmouth  College  opened  in 
with  a  freshman  class  of  130,  while 

Tbe  standard  for  admission  has  been 
in  all  department*  and  also  the  rank  for 
work.     State   aid  to   the   amount    of 


ap- 
for the 


tM£  a  Mar  wms  continued  to  the  college  by 
*SSR5Of*»  »••*  biennial  jSioi 


Finale  convalescents  was  opened  in 
'        .      ,,mmo- 

The  cost  was  nearly  $19,000, 
ibingand  heating/ the  old 

The  mortality  in 


1894  was  a  little  over  6  per  cent  .  Tin  \ 
age  of  recoveries  was  28-J:{.  a  >ii-hi  i 
OVef  thiit  «-f  tl>«'  previous  \ 

Tin-  r.-j-Tt  of  the  Orplmns'  ll<>ni«-at  Fr.. 
.    year  •  n.lm^  May  31,  sho\\>  thai  :, 
received  .luring  the  year  and    1   n-iurn. 

on  tr  •  a  total  i-f  i::.~>.    The  r, 

were     $11,044.7^.    and    the     expnulilur,-     sin.. 
796.05.     Tin-  profit  from  th.-  farm  wits  $!.• 

The   S..MI.TS'    HOMK-    rerri\ril    an    appi 
••f  $15,000  for  two  years,   in   addi 
uins  as  the  Slut.-   may  I.,    fniiilrd 
from   the  (Jeneral  Government  in 
the  support  of  disabled  soldiers  and 
that   period,  and  $10,000  was  apim-pria!. 
luiililiiig  and  furnishing;  a  hospital. 

The  report  of  the  State  I'MM.M  f«,r  th 
en.  ling  Nov.  80,  1894,  shows  that  tin 

•  mates,  of    wh-.m    4   were   women. 
earnings  from  all  sources  were  $11.  iu 
expenditures  $24,597.20.    This  in,  hides 
f.»r  the  purchase  of  a  shop.     Whih-  i 
of  the  prison  were  more  than  $1,000  les 
in  1893,  there  was  a  large  d<  -fi«  -it  <  -an-.  •<! 
loss  of  earnings  during  the  months  fr<  : 
uary  to  May,  and  to  the  lower  pi 
for  convict  labor  since  that  time.     In  !><•< 
1895,  it  was  decided  to  continue  the  H^^H 
with  the  chair  manufacturer*,  l.ut   they 
pay  an  increase  of  lo  <  •«  -nt>  a  day. 

Insnrancp.  —  The  rommi—  i<.n.-r'-  < 
li-h.-l  in  -Inly,  gives  statistics  as  follows  : 

home-tic     fire     com  pan 
$42,243,566.44;  premiums  n-ceiveil,  | 
losses  paid,  $283,580.08.    These  fifftn 
decrease    of   risks  written,  $1 
premiums  received,  $88,24412:  and  an  increase 
in  losses  paid  of  $37,328.57.      ! 
shire  business  of  companies  of  other 
countries  was:   Risks  written,  $8:< 
premiums    received,    $492,9^6.33;    losses  Psm 


The  number  of  authori/ed  life  i 
panics  May  1,  1895,  was  22,  an  in.  r. 
over  the  previous   year.     The    principal    it«-in« 
are:  Number  of  policies  issued.  "J.ol  t  :  .uuount. 
$3^)45,677;  policies  in  force  Dec.  :*: 
606;    amount,    $24.800,011;    amount    of 
rniutns  received,  $884,442;  losses  and  C^^H 
$871^08, 

The  l.ii«inc«s  of  the  casualty  nnd   snr«-i;. 
panics   within    the   State    for   the    y.  ar   i-ndinc 
Dec.  81,  1894,  was:  Risks  written.  $'.' 
premiums  received,  $64,432.91  ;  lossc 
611.99. 

Sjmnir*   Hanks.--  In  January  th.-  larp-st 
the   Concord    banks   annoiinc-eil   a  rediu- 
dividends  from  4  to  3  per  cent.,  and  was  fol^^H 
by  the  others.    The  reason  given  was  th- 
drawal  of  deposits  consequent  «n  the  op- 
of    the    income-tax    law.     Tw..    of  tl 
banks   l-.-t    in   1- 

jK.sits.     The    Nashua    Savin--    Hank,    th- 
largest  in  the  State,  closed  it-  doors  Man  : 
injunction  having  been  issued  against  it 
plication   of  the   liank   commis-ion.     Tli« 
drawals  were  very  heavy  after  the,   red. 
Kijrht  savings  banks  were  under  injunction  at 
the  close  of  the  year.    The  net  decrease  - 
posits  in  the  savings  banks  for  the  ye:.. 
$3,870,240.79.    The  guarantee  fund  and 


NEW  HAIiPSUlKK. 


,1,    (>,..  MsJ     '         The 

484,000.  attain*     nual  circular  of  this 

bank*  thru  in-     that  more  IK 


and  scores  were  drives)  out  of  iW  be* 
rent  of  the    ing  the  year,    llrtma  Joa*  1  and 
be  Concord     1*6.  the  league  is  reported  l»  hat* 


ore  oases  of  uianl  atHtaa>   TW  If**  «•  the 

-vocestooaawH  snare,  the  cities    Thl  JJmJJU^^S^^ 

lease.    At   the  ,  heater,  filed  chargsa  » 

was  voted  that  the  capital  stork  •*--  r  llni  fniMhe<i»in.  •!••»»••,  lam  if  uj 

•«sad  tl  .800,000.  making'  it  in  all  17.900.-  lectlng  to  eafort*  • 

600,    This  practically  removes  the  <  l^rsjUlatlfe    flisslssj.    Thi  sJnth  bifsjsjsai 

u<  State  to  owners  outside,  and  session    bsjan   Jan.  t  and 

There  were  m  ffj|.it.H.g«  hi  huth 

•  AH  it  f  net  it  r  i*  %        \  i  (  -MI  t  i.'in-*'  -II   •  f  lot    •  • ' 

.»**••**••••«  a«eimi^»         .*  ni|f«» 

HHsieWuV     WpOlwUl^|     w€r     UwQ     l^BUl'i       I*Ul velll     III  •avCiOCfll  Of    IOC 

r.-ase  in  every  reaped  Speaker  of  the 

1HD8  was  tl4.WW.l61  ;  was  reflected  L'niUd 

of  26lu>  791 

'.606  to  t43^7,607 ;  and  value  of  product.       The  com 

PH^H  f  18jQ86,688  to  tl6j318^6S.  of  1806  to 

iuls)s^.— On  Jan.  1,  1800.  the  selectmen  <>f  ma«lr  it*  rrport,  and  a  revise*  SJBJM  fss? 

•«l  1^48  abandoned  f.rn.^  u.  „ 
..•uni  litiildings  suitable 

.117  about  providing  for  greater  restffccksj  of  the 

thejefarrosmfiv.il  t.y.-v.-ry  mail.. -..n,.-  MI<IIH;>  v»,  r,  :  ri 

i.-r  r.-i.l.-n«-.  I, 


farms  in    ment  of  the  State  tn«»i»  we*  sjlesjIsslL 

Many  bills  relating  to  the  ttejeW  traeV  vew 

^AMA     mm  K a_  A  ...  I  i 

wW«  HH      DfOUfDl  In,  MM   MM  flOVsW  MHHMlsl  •  •••• 

of  farms,    committee  to  which  to  nler  Ihsm    TW  Uttt 


MIII 


.,, 


•ae.-Thi'n.  are  11  hatcheries  in        An  a.-t  t..  r.t al.ls.h  • 
-geet  number  in  any  State  of  the    the 


the  game  laws  has  increased  the    frinf  as 
in  all  part«  of  the  State,  espe-    S^odis  ir 


the  sheep  8  to  1,  while  moose    money  on  hand  or  el 
have  ln-on  *vn  thrn«   " 

V      X..II 

thnt  the  area  of  forests  in  the 
ractically  60  J*T  ct-nl. 
has  not  greatly  changed 


..ft  ho  first  tem|«rary  ing  t50  in  value. 

IflM  Abact  to  aid  in  tW  r.nrgssJali^  •!  «stfs> 

soruce  is  about  535.000.  nUions  providss  thai  whse)  •  •  nrl sjssji  Wa«w- 

.-mountain  nonOioii  has    bete)  I 


,-t  from  t  mar  obtaitt  all  Uv 

feet,   an.l    f.-r    pulp    of 
I.e  amount  used  for         \ 


u.ut  r.  perosoi  .1  m 
.—The  now  buil.'.it  . 
oord  w«<  d«»<licatc<l  Jan.  8, 
t*n  85.000  to  40,000  TO!- 
%  building 

L'isUture  of  1891  «tth  »n 
i:\00tl.     I  AIK!   was  bought 

ntrartslet. 
f  $75.000  was  appropriated 


or  te  equity  In  the  Master 


•  . 


NEW  JRRSEY. 


•    .  -  .  •  •  ••• ......    ..   • 



:^itrfrt  tTtr->u**>u>***r*i>rrn        "**"* 

jf»  eommitul  to  an  asylum. 

•"Fmrtdla*  that  seats  shall  be  provided  for  women 

.    .    •  - 
foubltinf  Ike  display  of  foreign  flags  on  public 


of  assoi  tstirm*  and  unions  of 
mark*, 

.  an-: 

compositions  and  work*  of  art 
and  ruardians  to  invest  fin 
eMMd  6  p< 


^tbr  kilKmr  of  wild  Pigna  and 
oJ'liw  rdalinir  to  the  sale  of  ad 


turtle 
of  adult,  r 


dMase  shall  be  nlainlv  labeled. 

latposia*  a  fine  of  $*)  for  every  billiard  or  pool 
tabl*  and  every  bowling  alley  kepi  for  biro  without 

Prohibiting  the  taking  of  ft»h  thr-.u-h  the  ice  from 
the  waters  of  certain  specified  pond*  and  lake*. 


maintaining  five  puMio  libraries. 
Appropriating  $MO  for  the  introduction  of  foreign 

BMttirin*  achool  boards  to  prescribe  and  enforce 

.      |  '..      •     •-••  •   •''    '• 

Among  the  joint  resolutions  passed  were  the 

Providing:  for  permanent  headquarters   for   the 

8fctte  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  in  the  sutchoiwe. 

Appropriating  $11400  for  the  repair  of  highways 

Providing;  for  taking  the  son*e  of  the  qualified 
«M»  of  the  State  as  to  the  expediency  of  calling  a 


.11  KM  V,      Middle  Atlantic  Stat 
oftheorigin.il  thir:.-.  n.  ratifi-d  the  Constitution 
7.815  square  miles;  nonu- 
;:;••::       ,  •-,   -  .  '.    ,  : 

l.o?2.W2.    Caiiital. 

.— Tin-  following  were  the  State 


during  the  year:  (Jovernor.  George  T. 
Wertm,  Democrat;  Secretary  of  State.  Henry  C. 
K*b*y;  Treasurer.  George  B.  Swain:  Comp- 
troller. William  S.  Hancock;  Commissioner  of 
lUnkmjr  and  Insurance,  Georgi>  S.  Dunce;  At- 
torney-OetMTsl.  .1  hn  I'.  St^kton;  Adjutant 
Oawaral.  William  S.Stryker:  SujH-rintendent  of 
Public  Instruction,  Adduuui  It.  I'«iland;  chan- 
cellor. Alr*amlor  T.  McGill;  Viot-Cbancellon, 

1.  Hinl.  who.  July  30.  was  apiK>int<-.: 

•  'r.j:n«ry  of  the  Prerogative  Court  to  fill  the  va- 

mpy  ooeasfooed  b?  the  death.  Dec.  25.  1894,  of 

•pObaoeellorand  Vice-Oniinarv  Al.raham  V. 

J     •    ft,  Bmarj. 

Kflbm  8.  Gr**n,  wh-  Mf red 

S4,  « ho  WAS  appointed  June  4:  (  hief  .1 
ta»  SUMHM  Court.   M  !isley; 

gilt  fe^lass,  Bennet  Vn 
ttrp»».   Jonathan    Dimn.   William    J.    M 


A. 


- 

«if.  «  illiam  S.  Oammere,  and  George  C. 
Jjow.  who  WM  appointed  lo  the  judgeship 


. 

•       rt.IJcn- 


I  i  nances.— Tin-   r.-j...ri-  of  tin-  C.mpti 
an<l   I1  ••  r  -h.i\v  the   followii. 

ceiptsof  tin-  Stair  fund  ilurini:  <1" 

.  IV.'i.   u.i.   :    Kroin 
jM.rat:  •  from   tax   on    n  ; 

us.  $OUM,:{.r,'.:!t; ;  fr..i 
inhi-rr  .  $181,888186  :   from   , 

•  :    from    Si  sY.' 

i«l«-n<ls.  $1H,8«();    from   l«';in^    to    sii, 
$40,000:   from  , 
| 

'I'h.-     ..nlinary      .l^li.n- 
amounted   to   x 
(lisl.ursemente  wt-n-  x 
l'i-..|, nations  were  $46,86s.i ''.     'I'l,.    balai 
hand  nrt.  ill.    l 
$986,855.91.    Ai  rtraonlinui 

were  $18!' 

and  $75,295.26  for  the  Jersey  City  ar 
eetinuftl  ;^)5  are  $- 

the  estimated  <1  nts,  $1,993, 529.<>. 

otimatrd  lialaii'-i'.  N'.'T  1  ."i^8.56. 

The  war  debt  (the  only  debt  of  )!.• 
h«  n  reduced  to  $660,400  by  the  payim-nt  dur- 
in-  the  yearof  $71,000.    Of  this  amount  s 

was  loaned  from  tin-  stat.-  fund  to  • 
fund,  which  returned  $40,000  to  th« 
The  Sinking  fund  at  tin-  close  of  the  11  wa 
1894  ow.-d  th.-Stjitr  fund  *i::i.M!i;  at  ti, 
of  189")  ih,  MM.,  owed  was  $!«>.• 
able  assets  of  the  sinking  fund 

The  condition  of  the  school  fund  i- 
Total  amount  of  securities  Oct.  81, 1895.  * 
725.80;   securities  Oct.  81,  1894,  $:: 
i^   in  sch(K)l    fund 
ash  Imlann-  Nov.  1.  1894,  was  > 
gross  receipts  during  tin-  year,  £ 
$-r.is.:fc>i.n ;   gross  disbursements   .lurin 

..701.48;  balanc..  Oct.  :',!. 
i;r.i.f»:!.  nut  of  whicli  sum  there  must  I 
in  x-hool  fund  securities  $W.  1  :{(>.!  1 . 1- 
able  for  paynn-nts  required  to  he  mad.'  from  the 
income  of  the  school  fund  $H',J.-ls!»..V,' :  <l. 
in  cash  balance  from  1894,  $.Y: 
crease  in  pr..|M-rty  <-f  the  fund,  j 
total  prop<^rty  of  the  fund   (• 
$8,664,1 10.40,"  in  addition  to  which  thm-\\ 
$66.171.:.!. 

The  returns  of  tho  taxable   property  in  the 
several  counties  as  valued  in  IMI."»  fort.; 
in  1896  by  the  county  boards  of  assess 

I  and  local  purposes  give 
998.070.  an  in« -r-  is»4  of  $12.5f)i». 

The  State  |',,,ard  of  Assessors  ' 
the  railroad  and  canal  property  at  N 
and  on  this  amount  the  tax  h-vied  f 
poses  i  981.10;  for  Ion,: 

rroperty  exejnpt    from   taxation   \va««   valued  at 
$90,864 .."iO 4.  ina!  'al  valuat 

erty  in  the  State  $1.0: 

rear  of  $80,1  K640. 

Banks.— The  abstract  of  the  con. lr 
national   l>ank>  of  New  J< •; 

8hoW8  the   ;  U)   have   IP. 

i,t.  on  -lulv  11. 

anddisoounU  increa.se<l  from  $4M»i:;.  I"  I 
StoclM   aii-i 

to  $Ji/J7-.'. !•'.•'.».    Gold  coin  d 

Total  specio  from  $:: 
to    $8,076,586.     Lawful    money    reserve    from 


to  $3.211.343.     Individual  deposits 

f  th«  t6 

. 


. 

l.oaiiM  ami  discounts* 

^  _w    .     .  '  -    -  '  w    «~-         .  -   ».— -^  *       MVSJV 

raft^fH.  from    tw«ping  grorraJ  etai***,  MMM*  U*aV t*»J* 

osjfc ....  band,  *.-.•••,  ii  ,  :  . .    .    ... 

N).060.7U:  funutiirrai. 


.niiturr  an.!  MX          In  II •  naal Ha  i     *       *  *      *       — *  --* 
••rtgage*.  $194,-    plies  for  A-  f  1%T^ttr 

-•M&L-      :•.-'  •::.    • /•  -  "•••    '  ••-"'•• 

• 

^jyiTrUsjiafcii;  ISM 


•I;     rabsd, 

'I'll,  m   .; . .  -   r  •• ..  •  •  .  • 


••'••••••   •  • 

^Lt*4MiLM^^    ^tf*-^-  — ^^ 

^u^h'r,:  ya^j?gj*^!a?g!gr.a'jg 

•  •»«•         «     !!.•..  A    I     •«» 


wn,.»l7«..  Jj*,11*^  ^»«rf— *    Wh" 

*>;^i- •;';,; ; 

»H,  $1.251^260.97;  ^^ 

$ » 7.04o.w9.i».  :Z^JS^£T  u^  iS 

UgWatnra  met  4os»  wejv  ntd  to  ta«  Msse  eflssm 

Marchta,  rtt^ti  psfifer  by  tW  *+. 

•mil    .tail-  iMtffis^sAssSMdWlksiMS 


ll 
i.  and 

ublic-        Murh 

,:.,:,,..,  g 


the  U>ard.each  arbitrator 

*!/Jm  ll  li-^j7imiSi   if!?! 

MM  of  an  «<-t   ivjfulaiing    awsjaii 
business  in  the  State  rv- 


i  company  to  keop  on  cU-|M*it  with  in*  oT  ta« 

ullcr  at  least  $80,000  in  good  securi-  )«n« « 

o  oriranization  «-f  tin-  Naval  ^jjJV  -»      s 

' 

L«fWatnri  ,>«ion«.of  JLJJ 

JC*»la-  wTlDtaiMmMfbrwi2lili»» 
.nu-i..n  in  to  write  and        l^roriaiVtkM  tKe «leHl  to 


*s;  a  second  i*  . co«piB.iriii^<b» •Driest ia »ss»  WM^M  v,  «W 

'  •*  of  marriage  and  diroroe,  of    *••*»  «f"«*  sstpetalsssjs. 

>  of  notorial  err-        Among  otWr  bitts  tKai  wtv  lasii.  SSSJM  sjf 

^•JMttsjil 

BB^ssV  ut»'  loirulatton  in  tot  several        t»^  .n^.  .k  . -§.  • 

.  it  ii  ||^,.  roprcse 

•Issji 

son  rirrr  l.\  ••      i       -,-d  StaJw.     A  o.mmi^i.  ti     »• 


and  condit ion  of  J      7 £T>S?  i.*  ^      j        i  '         ^ 

••vas  adoptoil   iinain-         piJSuSSSt  iWpttesIs^ •*" *•  ••••  to  •*>  ^*  *• 


that  tho  (\.mplr 
16  b  herebr   n.jm-1 

General,  and  with  hi« 


NEW  JERSEY. 


n  ..;-'  •  !'•  •••  i 
bet  t  of  « 

.•hii.-al  i«rty. 

A«MMta«  SOT  IWJBHTV  w  •vwwwlaff  debtor* 
i  .m  r«.Uiiv«  to  artafJieienlB 

'.     :.     ...... .-,- ,.,- 

MM!I^^  <VMM4^mfMvi  l««MJa  for  Ullb' 


«od.  shall  DO!  be  at- 
>*X),utile«»  ih.-  attachment  U  iasued 

:..  .  i     ..•;.-.. 

r.  «n  equal  and  Ju*  divi 

,  :...;.     •.      ......-:.••     J.-l     tl., 


t)..t  the  Mayor  of  Newark  may  appoint 
ily  to  the  State  School 
of 


woman  liable  on  ) 
.n  wr  providing  ahe  ha.  heraelf  reeeh 


a  married  woman,  living  with  her  h  unhand, 
ble  wUh  him  for  good,  supi'lk-d  f<>r  the  uae 
• 

Aetaorisfa*  hoarda  of  education  in  all  municipal!- 
rtaiaif  over  10,000  population!-  '  <o  lectures  to 

be  fiv*a  at  ahrtit  for  the  benefit  of  the  laboring  people, 
rWdtng  feat  Lincoln*  birthday  (Feb.  fsjTal&all 

As  *  result  of  the  work  done  by  the  Senate  I  n- 
TMHiitimr  Committee,  the  grand  jury  found  in- 
llimmeiitiViinit  John  T.  \  an  Cleef  .  secretary  of 
UM  Slatr  Ilnanl  of  Assessors,  a«  implicated  in  «  \- 
r«»nne  charge*  for  maps;  against  Bernard  Ford. 
fenswl/wperintcndentof  the  .  state  rap.toi.  and 
Join  Wullin*.  from  whom  he  purchased  lar-e 
bills  of  fur  M  Benedict  P 

pronrirtrcM.  and  John  I*.  KIIMT.  formerly  man- 
acvTand  agent  for  the  Newark  t  .ing." 

for  e<te  ta  eteariiig  contracts  f..r  prii 
in  the  emme  connection,  against  Otto  Hein/,  a 
.  and  aainst  Emil 


printrr 
ark  -  I 


•nuhlr  appeared  in  court  and  was  charged 
der  4  Indict  menu  for  obtaining  un 


Kra.-ntl.-r.  of  the  New- 
Zcitung." ami  ChnrU-s  S.  K..),in- 
'  •.•!••  •  cetoa  Prem"    Kuser, 
Heinz,  and  Kraentler  were  indi<  t.d 
ioinUy.  were  tried  for  conspiracy  to  defraud  the 
Bute,  ami  f  also,  who 

•  obtaining  money  under  false  pre- 
.*  ao|iiitte<l.     Bemaril  Ford  durint;  the 
wa*  a  fugitive  from  justice.     Mullins 
•  a*  tried  for  conspiring  »it  h  him  to  defraud  the 
,  and  was  acuitted.    On  I>.     :l  i  .  r-i  v..N 

un- 
under 

under  >  f  r«.ni«ml  mi-.  ..n'lm-t, 
i  for  ompiracir  to  defraud  the 
d  **  *l*™9ad  the  date  . 

»    lf%PO» 

The  school  oensus  of  1804 
lltMMwat  of  Sute  sc 


... 
tMMwat  of  Sute  school  tax  for  1894.  levied 

9  and  expended  in  1W5.  i 
Tke  a«nool  tax  for  1805  was  $2.106^40   the 


the 

The 


•Hal  education.  $86.- 
•IJOD:;  £  ^  P^»  .Preparatory  School 


re 


mal  school  was  587,  the  nmni 

;.:  I.      The    ni«..lel    >i-h«M.|    is  .srlf-ii-lainin. 

earning  during  the  year  were  $'J 


of  the  nor- 


.iiinual appropr:  I  :p.c  A.u'ricu: 

:  Si  at  i..  n  is  $15.000. 

The  School  f,,r  I»eaf  Mu' 

B  and  tuitiiiii.$:<7,HM:  f»r  r.-j.airs.  s 
7J;  ami  *i::.  1  7  1.  1  •'•   for    it-  new   l.uil 
mimher  <.f  pupils  was  ISO,  of  whom  65  are 
and  1)1  u'irl-. 

UN   Mind    and     fe,-l.l,-n.inded    tin- 
paid  t..  the  'J   in-lit  nt  ions  at   Yin.  -la: 
.xher  States  $98,932.57;  8H1  pupil^ 
for.  an  itierea>e  over  1894  of  2«i  pupils,  m 
$6,227.1''-  in  .-\p--nditure. 

MoxpjtaK—  The  amount   disbursed  thi 
for  this  areount  was  *-Jl  1,958.01,  a-  follow 
Hospital  for  the    Insane  at  TrentOD, 
(•..'.l.iit;  to  Slat.-  Hospital  at  M..rri>  I' 
806.51  ;    for  additional    land    and    buildir 
I  Mains,  $57,651.50.    By  the  last  qua  i 
report   the    number  of  county   patients   ii 
Trenton  hospital  was  908;  at  Morri-  Plain 
insane  convicts  at  Tren  t  o  n.  -Ji  .  at  Morris  I 
")J.     The   number  of   patients  at  Trento: 
i.  it  al.()(t.:U,  was  1,001;  at  Morris  I' 
The  number  of  patients  in  the  county  a- 
was  8,140,  and  to  these  asylums  $114,887.05  was 
paid.    An  act  of  1895  author;/,  ,|  tl 
ture  of  not  in«»ro  than  $125,000  for  buildn 
Morris  1'lains.     Tin-  foundations  have  been  laid 
of  a  new  building  having  a  frontage  of  5^' 
and  a  total  depth  of  300  feet.     At  the  Tl 
hospital  an  infinnary,  to  cost  $35,000 
oatl  of  building. 

Soldiers'  Homo.—  During  the  ycarth- 
a^'e  number  of  beneficiaries  was  520  ;  ! 
was  509.    The  expenditures  were   $«•.'.- 
the  average  cost  of  ration  per  day  t 
18'5  cents.     The  total  receipts  of  "the 
$68,166.01  ;  the  balaix  I*.    Thi  I. 

tnre  of  1895  re<luce<l  the  annual  appn  : 
$36,000  to  $30,000.  and  also  convert.  ,1  ii 
3tat    Tn  asury  a  balance  to   the   rredil    "f   the 
home  of  $78,010.17.     In   istd  the  I'nited 
Government  paid  to  the  home  .< 

renal    Institutions.—  For  the  Sv 
$175.812.08  was   disburse.l.     The  rerei) 
convict  labor  and  other  sources  wi 
The  nuinlMT  of  convicts  Oct.  :{1    wa 

crease  of  48  since  the  report  of  1^1.    Tl, 
islatun-f.f  isiir)  appropriated  $150,000  to  <  ; 

the  -  n.      A  win;:  i-  beinj,'  a-lded.  ai. 

-pital  ix  under  c<.n<t  rur-t  ion. 

islature  of  lH«r»  appropriated 
000  for  t  he  purchase  of  land  at  or  n< 
and  the  erection  of  a  building  t"  be  i. 
place  of  confinement  for  male  criminals  b<  ' 
the    ages  of  and   thirty  \\ho  arc 

sentence  for  the  first  time.    The'land  i 
cured,  and  work  on  one  win;:  is  be^ir 
will  accommodate  j:»r»  pri-  n«  r-     T 
ments   for  this  institution   ainrtunted    t< 
928^8,  of  which  the  State  contributed  $0<i.: 
<l/   the  special   appropriation   f  .:  •:  •!>' 

an.l  hospital,  $8,936.18  also  was  paid 
hospital  is  in  course  of  erection.     The  r 
of  inmates  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  u 
harl  been  released  on  their  recognixan 
1  en  lured. 


NEW  JER8ET. 


r  OWi 

nM  and  r»-j*ir» 

*.'«'  I!''.''  . 
iati"ii  «.f  - 

to  wa*  tran»f  erred.    Tbe 


10  were 


i  general  repairs    mandamus,  and  on  Aug.  31  Ju.<>. 

i  an  opinion  b> 
indentuml  dur      alii;  of  tW  erf  w  a.  u  fir  Id. 

Itatltt  )adkis*j  art  «.* 

ate  census, among    |«*~1  over  tW  Governor**  «HU.  it* »«Wt  .f 
-«lDop. 

Igi*     <Ht  ftp*,  t  JMn. 

coiotwa    Van  ofokaL  Jvatioe  UnHMott  aaHmtea\  iwsv 


il 

••«.  64,408;  male*  of  bb 

years  of  ag*.  885  5«;ma^  over  dietary     On  Kept. 

.'bootrt  opinion  dtaMnUngf ran  tW 

«•  number  of  families.  857.878.  inrmlrr*  of  the 

:  -ml 

l<»ne  utulcr  the  commission,  randam  dsrln 

,-hway  have  been  com-  law.  uml 

49*13  milet  hare  been  approTed.  manicitxi 

>uot  have  been  ftkxl  f  r  i.;«.  On  Feb.* 
road 

W  laat  Legislature  make*  an  an-  Iwr  term.  \*H 

f  ^100.000  for  road  l.uil.l-  the  Irgal  »otrr»  of  tW 

pay  38|  per  «  neir   Totea 

wtruction,  the  property  owner*  10  manr 

but  the  court  deddtd. 

«ad«.— The  flrot  miU  <.f  th.    tn.l  l>\  «.  turn,  thai  tW  art 

-4    v                   .    iin.l  in    \i<«    .>f   thU  tW 


fhiladelphta  were  laid  in  Febniary  at  Haritan.     township  authorities  w«r*  aJInaW. 

A  Mitt  wan  bnmfffit  t-  i««  iW  lajrJttvaf  law 

iWhiKha:.      «     .    '•    KM-m-rally  ,-nf..r.-«l   ».y  tl,,-     a.  t    pajnl    MM    *•     Ml       -      -  '  ^ 


.•d  by  the    *  t 
and  township  officials  at  a  meant  of    minimum  Ucwaat  ft*  It) 


.iiL-.T  ..f  thr  tr  •;:.  >  and  prt-rent-     In  the  tow  whip  of  ftaford  IW 
obstruction  of  public  travrl.     The  elec-     was   filed  at   R.OOQ.    TW   pen 


ine  between  Burlington  ami  Mount  Holly     township   is  only   IjOOOL      Jnst: 
»t  flrrt  wat  operate**! 

itn  power,  at  the  electric  motors  were  not 

.,  A  * ; 

I'allnadwi.— The   commimioners   from 

r*  y  itn.i  .,  agreed  on  a  report  monopolies,  for   wnaun  M§rs«».  f«*  • 

.  n.  h  stat.-.  ««|tial  ilistribotion  of  iW  pmAsrli  tt  IBSHV.  Ibra 

states  that  thr  •  mmtssioners  are  of  free  and  untrammelrd  pr««sv    TW  la*<  I** 

a  portion  of  the  Palisades,  indud-  turr  „  .rn^ 
be  preserved  and   1 

r  that  it  may  remain  WUbnr  was 


onai  and  nnobtt                                 '..mmm.l  t.  lialUp 

the  pa»Mi^  of  an  a«  t  1  in  Trrnloa.    TW  fSi 

the  lands,  and  to  establish  a  f  ..on  were  as  follow: 

national  park.    They  alto  propoat  We  iMntaa  ew 

•rk  at 

in  land-*   to  the 


il    TuhlrK-Two  stone  tablets   to 

lace  at  wlu.-h  «-  ,ct«>n  an«l 

ntal  armv  crotted  the  IMawan 

Utllc 

The 

tl. 

Legiftlatnrv  a  nal> 
|  mort*  difficult,  was 


NEW 


t  that  th*  industrial  depression  «.:h  «i,,.-i,  wo 
bwtt  stlklwi  during  the  part  three  years  b 
•JSMselilttTf-  na£«afic*WaUon  enacted  l.j  t  u 
lk»n  peitr.     The  purchase  to   be 

tothirrV 

Sw lawV teirteh  alw  favorite,  by  the  oppreaaion 
rf  rtlUaM  ef  eonsninon  were  the  main  causes  of 
i  of  our  market* 
a.  ma! 

gtal*  platform  that  the  governim -nt 
•  Jewry  has  been  eonductod  by  thc.Dcmo- 
MttVpartr  in'a  diahoneat  or  '  "•»»"«•,. 

We  mvor  the  adoption  of  a  eeostitutional  atntnd- 
that  will  rentier  unpoaaible  any  law  for  the  k- 


rty  to  the  enactment 
of  law*  that 


_^ofthcpouhlc  wa- 

.  •    n  of  th<    laf    Republican 

LefWatmr*,  ^  '  '   ::--  -    '  " 

hvUatioa In  the  Intenvtof  onranUed  labor  and  re- 
naeJed  act»  naased  by  DemocraUc  Legwlaturai  for 
tWprot«tk>o  of  the  wage  workers  of  New  Jersey. 
Altiand*  11  was  nominated  for  Gov- 

the  election  in  November  5  cand. 
were  voted  for.  In  addition  to  those  above 
named  the  People's  party,  by  petition,  nomi- 
nated William  II.  BUiS,  and  the  S.K-ialixt-Lah..r 
party,  by  petition,  nominal,  d  Joseph  li.  Keim. 
The  result  was  the  success  of  the  Republican 
party,  the  Republican  candidate  for  Governor 
an-l 'the  7  Ib-publican State  Ueing  elect- 

r-1.     The  vote  for  Governor  was  as  follows: 
Cirifrjr*.  K'publiran,  182.000;  MeCill.  Democrat, 
.!H)1;    Wilbur.    Prohi- 
bition^, 6.M1 :  K.I  1 17.     The  total 
vote  was  811.609:  in  1892  it  was  886.871.    The 
Legislature  in  1805  was  composed  of  is  i;,  ,„,!,- 
licans  in  the  Senate  and  43  in  the  House,  and  3 
Democrat*  in  the  Senate  and  1?  in  th<-  ll.-u-e. 
M.>^    MIAIMI.  »    I'erril   n  of  the  United 
•d  S 

The    population,   according  to 
was  61.547  in  l$T><> 


•_! 


r,i6  in  1860;  91374  in  IH;  1880; 

in  1890. 

t—  The  foi|..win-  w.-n-  il.. 
during  ih«-  year:  (tovernor.  Wil- 
liam T.  Thornton,  D«* 

Miller:  Tmuinr.  \  i.lit..r."  Man-.-li- 

B.   W.    Kn.-il.l.-: 

WiritoMJeniral..!.  I1  Siipprinlciulrnt 

'.      .  :      <  havez:   Chief 

Jattice  of  the  Supreme  Court.  Thomas  Smith  ; 
Associate  Justice*.  N.  r.  r«.lli.-r.  v.  ]•,.  i 
Ito.    O.  D.    BanU,    II.    II.    Hamilton;    Clerk, 
Oaatfti  U  Wyllrs, 

Finanee«.—  The    receipts  for  the   last   two 
r   the   forty-fifth     fiscal   year   were 
5»WO:lfce«neiiditures.  $184,455.96.  The 
r»i|4*  fnr  the  flrrt  two  quart-  r-  of  tl 
•  t«ml  year  U>  Sept,  1.  1895,  v 

tb*  etprmlitttres  were  $104.368.84.    For 
ma,lo  by  the  81st  Legblati 


July      ,  1895, 

hriMinff  U»ixK  7  per  int.  ^$200.* 
;  Cefitol  cmiUngem  fund  bonds,  6  per  cent, 


$50,000;  earn  i 

$150,000;  provisional  iinl.-hl,  .i: 
c«-nt..  $200,000;  ln-aiie  A-xlu:- 
i-ent..  ..  deficit  l.-n.l.s.  r>  per 

'.  fiin.iin-  l.on.is.  (i    | 
i 'mil. -ntiary  r.-fumlr 
00;  total  IM'.II.I.-.I  indelitediioss,  $907 
\  alu.it  ion   ami    I  .i\.it  ion. 

it  t«i  .Inii'  he  f»llou ii 

uresai'  taken  :   Valuation  <>f  lamU  : 
780,909.7?  :  "f  h«niM-s  ami  iinprox,  in. 

048.16;  of  M.w.  bonet,  $1 

ninl.-.  $M0.7:W.ss.     f,,,,n   th- 

.  rty  the  rate  of  assessment    for  IMH 

•  itorial    pnr|H,v, 

dollar;   for  casual  ilelirit    l»i>mls.   interev: 
niilN;    for  a]     institm 

total   rate  of  T'?.")   mills.      To   ; 

one  hnlf  of  u  mill  on  t  he  assessed 
of  cattle.    The  total  assessed  value  of  all 
of  property  was  $41,128,620.95;  the 
of  all  kinds  were  $2,0:!v  11  !•.:;!  :  Imlai 

to  taxation,  $39,090,50 !.(>].    <>„  thisan 

arithmetical  product  of  tax.-  for  t h. 
fiscal  year  i->:    l-'or  Trrnt..rial  i.urpose.s.  i 

:  for   ca>ual  deficit,   bonu   int>  r.  -:.   sin. 
288.98;  for  Territorial  inMitnt ions,  $58,4: 

,'tle    indemnity.   $'J.U"J?.r.!i  ;     total. 
636.56.    The  receipts  in  tl 
fir>t   three  fjuarters  of  the  forty-fifth  flsca 
amixinte.l  to  $186,281.08. 

A  new  tax  law  provides  that    after  J 
1895,  "city  councils  and    hoards  of  • 
incorporated  towns  shall  have 
tlmrity  to  levy  taxes  unon   the  -an, 
property,  'real,  personal,  and  mixed,  \\itl 
limits  of  such  city  or  town,  as  are  Mil- 
taxation  f..r  territory  and  county  purj 
city  or  town   purposes,'   provided  that 
percent  shall  be  levied  or  collected  up- 
value of  said  property  as  assessed  I 
or  town." 

Education.— The  receipt-  du- 

including  balance  due  l>ec.  l,  isjii 
^118,771.20.     Rxpenditures:     Teachers'    wages, 
$->6.229.07:  rent,  fuel,  el 

nid<.  $6.035.75;  on  hand,  $26.- 
920.09;  total,  $115,820.94.    The  nun.  • 
ers  was'403;  and  of  schools  810.  with  ai 
mentof  14,507  pupijs.    The  School  of 
which  had  been  closed  for  a  year,  was  r< 

ber,  with  a  fair  atlendaii' 
mal  school  at  Silver  City  opened  with  n) 

nts.     The    last    Le«:i>lature 
$10,000  for  enlarging   its   hui 
same  amount    for   the  normal  scli.,.,1  at 
gas,  which   has  not  y.-t    l-e.  n  opened. 

ivtrement  of  the  A^ricult.. 
85  students  were  entered  in  September. 
was  voted,   and    for   th- 
Roswcll  a  bond  issi 
iMirini;  the  \ear  the  I'nited  States  < 
assuii:  •  I:  u        i  fn  liai 

for  I 

The  Asylum  for  the  Deaf,  Dumb,  and  H 
had  under  instruction  duiin-  tin- 
am!  0  blind  pupils. 
Char! ties.— The  4  hos] 

:  aid  are  in  good  condition,  and  not  I 
1  by  lack  of  necessary  fund-.     Th' 
of  patients  received  at  the  St.  V 


NEW  MEXICO. 


:  i  I  MM    : 


!:'±=rKte 

ibtywrlMOOw 

'"'  c**flniml  •*  «'•*•  HI.  ^rn  itii  juijT^ 


;       ,  II."  «..-... •..,., ;    ,.,.,..-   W,, 

vssiK-^r  *  «*•  ""-H  «•  •£ 

f  <iua.UUjajTa.Hc,  Ranvit  prtHii^ad  In* 

•  •ntocmem   ,iun..k-   n..  irnaanilUu  iiAJJiL-iil 

nu.  •  itfr  of  106,    The  cm*  <.f  main-     of  (He  allogadgranl  U*  aim bf  tJatlL^B^n^l 

<%•  baan  radaead  from  48  oanu  a  day     • 

|«  •..'..     !..:-.-. 

»od  Fab.  Sa    About  Hep*,  f,  1807.  |(r*  » L  81ad  * 
hooaaa,  but  •* 

»  fiJCdTo   raach  tba  Oorarnor  in  tima,  lwffiK7|SSo  MjiaSIl lUSTtllt 

fitii  the  exception  of  the  appropriation  bill*  »/,  \ 

•  olnar  mantnraa.  very  few  general  granddnn.^ 

Among  them  are  the  f.,1-  ,1,    U  Conl..l«.  and 
Jam*.   A«f- 

~"^    ••»••     ^»      »••»      »ww»f»»  -    ••  I •  •••  ••       »»••      •       W^HBB      WM     •!•  IV       I 

v,  that  no  pnwertv  »h.li  i.  WU     flrmallr*  in  tna  Unilad  hlai«.  Coavf  «f  fma*a 
ar  darrat  until  ninety  d«>  .  aAar  the  data  of  anah    Und  (  l.,rn.  la  HanU  W.  Pbk  I*  MHL    MaZ 

ELlinf  certain  wedona  of  th.  Comotled  L.w^     'JT*  °*  K*3?°1^  brfIM>  lW   tot'**«^**  •» 

•euona  01  we  compneu  iji**,     ti*^  r^rt  of  I!M»  AiMM^^^^^at  ••^•••M  ^i««»  ^^^ 
.  thr.  •  mairirti  «o,,lttn  ia  not  n«.u  1*S 

,,.10, k. h«b«,  ta^.^ „ «. ««««  ^tote^t±^JKTlSi; 

probating  of  foretirn  willn.  .f-  rm».  to  Mrskn.  aad  to  tya*  la> 

l^alatinf  the  ,-n»etlee  of  medicine  and  ertablbh-     take  tratimony.  with  the  inal  fw«lt  o|  ptvtia^ 

the  Vlinding  of  ouutaixting  indebted. 


-  1  1     A.^^:«    *^ 

/ 

*• 

»t*»i.  w  utiiii.-.!  r.>r  cnurt  |>un»»«-»».th.-  rcattogoto 

•arrica  of  proccm  in  aoita  «aii 

.  ..  . 

Boanl  juriadieUon  over    ^  in  lb^  Mai-rll  grant,  a  caw  taai  n 


oan     uraeon  over    ^  in  lb     Mai-rll  grant, 

ur1-  fnr  «*»tt  -ia»  vnnw    TW  aV 


fflsarsaivi1    •     •^'.•«^ 


•tut,.,  .t  fteawaa 

MdoUnMtokfioaldaav 

.ili«   Land  rial«in.~lM   thi*    laad  tba  aaaM  of 

!.%  1H1»|.    at  .Iparcvnuto 

waa  at  onea  bafi 

Irr.cat.-.n.-TW 

rinireonflni  •'  r  10.000.000  aem    Oongivaa  nm 

Mexico—    g» 
rant—  wi 
n>urt 


uth  an  1     arid 
>  west,  and  containing,  in 
ipita!  .   and   the 

ncopa,  Clifton,  and  other*. 


grant-wa*  ».n.uk-»,t     <  ultfomta.  \r -.t.-t^a.  I'taK.  Ol>ilinil.  at 
rt  anti  t>n.\  \lrxin\aa  vafl  aa  Maiara  and  faftada.  Wang 

tm.  i  waa  inmhrcd    praar>  ^  tK*  nraa4»a«f  af 

arid  landi  »aaV  n^ittaainl  ligtalnti •• '  •>"^!fT2 

.  W  •  ^ta^^^vlv  -  -* 

-.      •    v      •  •     -- 


NEW  YORK. 


of  Ang.  I*  18M,  of  what  has  been  accom, 

in  the  Blnewater  valley.  \  aleneia 
irrigation 


lateral-inheritance  tax,  the  abolition  of  t) 
selling  tax,  and  increased  expend.t 

Hi-atie. 


Tti  Platwatsr  vaii.%   «A-  nine  month*  a«o  nn        The  I'ompt  roller  reports  that 
**n.l%.  »  the  corporations  for  1895  were 

t  |a*i,  w«  plated  our  In*  aerafwrful  of  earth  uj*>n    MOe  (.0mj>anies  on  pn-miums, 

If   ajNBOeSQ    deSa»  SlneS)    WhlCh    ttOie   We    naVe   OOO-        •urannn  nmiitianintt  nn   numl-il     s 

itoaia*.*0sfeell£< 
meat  tfcrtHifh  UM 

• 


We  tare 


t^M.  MO   fcflfc   Intw   Ami    4i 

is^BW^  v^v    §v%r%    e*naK|  •»•» 

;«/MOaere-feet  of  water.    Wa*te- 
solld  rock  mounian 
long,  100  ftt-i  ii... nth.  80  feet 
f  6  feel 

fall  from  there  to  lower  end. 
St  mile*  of  canal* 


-JMbrt  ;wW«.  I  Iboi  deep  ;  IS  fcet  wide,  8  feet  deep  ; 
dee* 


M4  1  *«  wide,  t  <*  dee*  much  of  the  work 

reeky  point*  and  atony  hilUi.lm.     Have 
plowed  UOO  aeraa  tage-bruah  lan.l.  <u,.l 
have  pUnuii   wo  aeres.    We  have   ma*niite.-nt 
•  i  Wfrmin  in  all  «ur  Held*.    Sugar  and  mangel 


proved  a  t. 

\OlCk.    a    Middle    State,   one   of    the 
original  thirteen,  rat  i  fled  '  -.IM-.M  July 

**.  1788;  area,  40.170  sqnan  mil.  s.  The  popu- 
lation, according  to  each  decennial  census,  was 
S4CU*>  in  1790;  580.051  in  1800;  050.049  in 
.Mil  in  1880:  1.018.608  in  1880; 
M«0*l  in  1840;  8.007,804  in  1850;  8.880.785 
in  1810;  4^82.750  in  1870;  5.082,871  in  1880; 
and  5J07.8W  in  1800.  According  to  a  State  cen- 
•nsUken  in  1K02.  the  population  was  6,518,844 
Capital,  Albany, 
l.oiernmrnt,— The  following  were  th« 


ofloarv  ilurinj;  the  year:  Governor,  Levi  P.  Mor- 
ton. Krpu  I  •  .Mi.'iiit  Governor,  Charles 


Jaxion;  Secretary  of  state.  .John 
Comptroller.  James  A.  Roberts;  Treasurer.  Ad- 
dfoon  B.  Col  MI.  ;  Attorney-General,  Theodore  E. 
Hancock;  State  Engineer  and  Survey.. r.  Camp- 
bell  W.  Adams;  Superintendent  of  Vubl,«  I,.- 


P.  Crooker.  who  was  succeeded 
on  April  6  by  Charles  It.  Skinner:  Sup.-rint.-nd- 
ent  of  Insurance,  James  P.  Pierce  :  Superintend- 
ent of  Banking  Dep»  harles  M.  Pres- 
ton: Saperintendrnt  of  State  Prisons,  Austin 
lAlhrop.  Superintendent  of  Public  Works, 
George  W.  Aldrtdge ;  Commissioner  of  - 
tk»  of  Ubor.  Thomas  J.  Dowling;  Railroad 
Coeimieeionen,  Michael  Kiekard.  S.  A.  Beards- 
.»  Alfred  C.rhapin:  rhi.-f  Judge  of  the 
<  <«irt  of  Appeals,  Charies  Andrews;  As 

-rt  Haight  Uufiis  W. 

(who  resigned  in  December  to  become 
Tosticeof  thi-Supn-  .       fthe 

i.  and  was  succeeded,  Dec.  31.  by 
Irving   ci.   YaunK  Denis  o  i;r  is  M. 

Ftotk.  Kdwrnnl  T.  llartlett.  Robert  Karl. 
FlaanrM.— The  balance  in  the   treasury  on 

|&^'«8Il''»"*"!on>p»red  with 

H.llN.nt.ft?  Sept.  HO.  1804.    The  receipts  were 
'•tlAlTe^nnared  with  $18,5*7,048.08 
watl    *J'>.:;,;,;.,;i.;  ; :. 
••      ~    "11.13  in  1804.    There 
ei  the  beginning  of  the  vear  of 
TIM  actual  receipts  of  the  year 
*  WMtUt  »«•  than  the  expenditures,  but 
'^n.!****  Wl»  «^l«ble  for  paving  the 
•aeUa,    In  October,  1808.  the'beginning 
peeedinf, 


. 

K«7.    This  year's  balance  was  only 
iso  that  the  working  fumls  of  the 

*%J?Ll}*n  lk*y  *****  Wn  for  **«nd 
|«n.    TakbdoetotkefaUinc  of  in  the  col- 


ance  companies  on  premiums,  if].;.1 
Mirance  companies  on  capital.  > 
portation  compan.       <  n    .-aniings,    $408.! 
telephone  and  telegraph  companies  on  eat 
|801  |r,n  j»; ;    !  ransportatii  n   •  ompanies  «i\   •  .; .. 
tal,  $615,457.63;  t.-lrj-hon,-  and  teh  . 
panics  on  capital,  $:.:  ras,  elect ri< 

miscellaneous  corporations,  $589,24:1' 
banks,  $84^06.  l 

There  was  collected   in    ls<>:>  $1.:;.. 
foreign  corporations  as  license  fees.  < 

total  amount  received  fr -orpurations  > 

848.25,    an    increase   of    $',MU'. 

The    Comptroller's    de|.arlment    eolleete-: 

080.54  from  the  racing 

which  was  distributed  aim-ni:  a-ri.   , 

ties.     Since  thi<  sum  was  distnlmt. 

has  be«'ii  collected,  making  the  ti.ial  $ 

The  State  tax  ra-  I  mills.    Last  year  it  wa^ 

2*18.    The  tax  is  to  be  distrii 

For  schools,  0'94  mill;  fur  can;. 

general  purposes,  0*94  mill :  f<  i 

l  mill.     This  tax  of  :KM  mill- 
ent  valuation,  $4,292,082,167,  will  yi- 
I,  distributed    as   follow- 

34;    schools,    $4,OJJ4.:.:.7 
x  l .:» t:..  1  .|'.».:»s  :  suto  care  of  insane.  $  ; 
total,  $13.906,346.23.    The  amount  r- 
the  corporation  and  or^ani/ation  tax  for  the  year 
ending  Sept.  30.  1895,  was  $2.1  K>>" 

Wealth  of  the  State, 
property  in  the  State  in  1*'.»1,  as  assesses 
local  assessors,  was  $4,488,776, 1-' 7.     It 
vided  as  follows:  Real  estate,  $:{.- 
personal  property,  $592.1 
sonal  property  so  assessed,  $1 1 1,693.080  v 
porate  property  not  subject  to  taxation 
lor  State  purposes.    The  amount 
l>oth  real  and  personal,  subject  to  tn 
ly  for  all  purposes  was  * 
tal  increase  in  the  taxable  pr«ipert\ 
all  purposes  was  $92,200.10!).  divide.: 
Real,  $79,903,364  ;  personal,  $1 

Legislative  Session.— The  one  h.mdt 
eighteenth  regular  session   of  th. 
began  on  Jan.  '2.  '  continued   un- 

ite, consisted  of 

publicans.    i:{    I>em««eraN.    uml    1     hide;- 
Democrat:  and  the  Assembly  of  1<»".   I,1 
ans  and  23  Democrats.     Tin 
ing  in  the  hands  of  the   Hi-publicans  I 

mor  was  chos.-ii   1'iv.idmt   pro  (em.  ot  UK 
.•-•  and   Hamilton    KM,.  Jr..  Sp.-ak«  i 
Assembly.    During  the  se  ~  •  n   1.015  bi 

zes(   number  in  any 
th<  history  of  the  State. 

<>n  the  last  day  of 
committee,  appointed  to 
charges  against  Senators  r-.^.^hall.  l« 
and  Haiti.--,  in  connection   with  tl.- 
the  N,-w   York  City   Fin-men' 
in  connection  with  an  amendment  ii 
salary  of  the  officers  of  the  New  York  < 
Department,  submitted  a  report  exonerating  t 
itora  mentioned.     Also  at  the  <•}»->•  <>f  t 
Assemblyman  Vacheron  was  • 


M.U    rOBK 


...    I    ...     ' 


• 


•  ry     unniiiiaairj  Utiatatimi. 
'  ill  regular-     .inn  UMT»  waa  ami  to  UM  varto»»  «*•«•»  «f 

•  adopcoi    X^Y^^to^S^ll^^^aSl 


525  •***  ?55^<"'"?^»1^l"W*»I 

.I!M  oftb*  m«d  •)••.  «4  W  to  !*•<**. 

£.««£  is&t&fissnsGt 


•titutiooa  turd  for  wlliaam  or  *teaf*  to  aM 
in  amriaw  ioat.  aaaiaaa    aad  aflaa^a^  *A. 


-  ir  civil  an.l 


|   ^jjj   |Cjrmj  ADO 

thut  all  ptramn  within  the    nm*  'or  '*•  °biaci  an  i 

hall  I-  full     the  OtfMIJMlinal  and  fOWMBM*  of  I W 

.11.. i  lat  ure,  taW  introdorlino  and 
ranta,  bouk, ^atinf ,  booaw.  and  ftoerally  in  i^laUoa  to 
,  theater*,  mu*ic  h«lkpuh  and  metboda. 

For  tbe  procwr  MMttrtoMMi 
UM  miliury  aodaawal  fcyaajW  Uat  I 

:  ™iake  yearly     •  b*1^  of  •liaJMri  to  Mat  Jajj<uia<  araw. 

ter  charter  and  to  astand    ban  of  UM  bar.  wbo  are  to  rsaaiia*  UM  OMM  of 

,    Procedure  of  UM  Slat*  and  UM  «»»•»  of  af». 

lor  continuing  the  work  of    oedora  and  orarCk*  aaaj  hi  fore*  ka  otavr  *»^— 

n    and  oowrtfiol  awd  UM  raloi  of  cowl 

pa  enirayed  in  the  military          •  e»mr 

|M,":__     *i^ 

for  a  monument  to   Can. 

clam 

an*  aobmit  to       Abo  a  poraaiadoc  to 
-    law.  ralatinff  to    law*  rrlatit .. 

inhabit  Tbe  Stale  Board  of  Health  wa« 

J<;7     appoint  t  of  Mi 

i  if    M    IIMMP     liiilliltniF    aw    UMI 

out  the  la1 


•  KarlK-rirur  *n  SumUy,  except  la  Ifew 
>od  Saratoga,  when  barbers  may  Veep  open 


-•ttklynol 
arable  In  fold  or  cummer.  I 


Of 

N    :....    i  •    : 

lar  of  real    Oharlat  M.  Pratfon. 


r  run-.  i  ne  annual  aiavavava 

mpbtaal  Sociaty  <4    ritr  an.l   I'.r  -  k  ....  tnHt  <«MMlaa  tM  vtia) 
and  |*r*..nal  r'r^     ,he  SUIe  8«   I  Hi!  II  Jill  of  fatlM.  Aa^a  Ml 


booka  by  rail- 

i« 


Tb» 

to  the  propla  the  qnaatkm  of  appro-     : 
LOO  to  enlarfv  the  F.rie  i'anal. 


40  annual 

.not  bm.  |jU  rf 

•ional  rt^uirrmcnt  that  all  btlU  Tbe  boa 

fcitiee  must  be  approved  by  tbe  may  on  new  rail 


Ni:\V 


that  97  of  the  new  corporations  have  < 
capital  of  $1.000.000  or  en 
taw.- An  important  case  w»-  n  the 

•r  by   the    I'niuM    Slat- 
Cbot.  thai  air»in»i  1 >.  States,  involving 

the  sum  of  $131.1X8  f*>r  rnr< 

I*  furnished  in  the  wnr  ol 
•     |      .     .••     f  \i  ;  •  ate,  .  f  ti,e 
CMS*  «ith   •   |N.  :m.ir>    interest  and  principle 
Involved,  the  n.  wai  that  of  the 

is;  rW.  Roberta,  a*  mptrollcr. 

Ooraptroll- 

nit  will  pay 
I. >  the  State  $71 4.-VW.  with  interest. 

!    for    the    . 

numlH-r  of   raws  in 
the  State  is  party  on  appeal  pendm-  in 


the  Omrt  of  Amali  'b  *4  against  81 

lataranrr.-Tbe  aggregate  receipts  <  f 
York  Slate  cimnenieTYn  1894  w.-n-  $!•• 

•  -.    •     -.  194,909,514;  mak- 

>.<-,;.;:;  ;;;.    The   net 

mm  of  receipt*  over  disbar*-....  -nt*  f..r  1894 
WM  $78,781.144.     Th.-  total    premium    r 
for  1804  were  $905.182.048.86.  Uirse- 

»tnt»«.rv  *  177,883,888,  of  which  $116.0 
was  paid  to  policv  hold  era,  while  thr  <••-!  ..f  man- 
iooladuif  dividends  to  stockholdens 


Then  waa  an  increase  in  the  numtar  of  j,..!i- 

cie*  of  102^19.  nri  ,,f  insurance  $147380,810. 

At  the  clow  of  1894  the  companies  doing  )>UM- 

nr*»  in  the  State  had  1.780,307  policies  in  force, 

.-,.  ,;  >     ,j. 

The  co-opermlire  organizations  receivcnl  $47- 
18M47  from  roembera  last  year,  against  $42,- 
M7JU  the  preceding  year.  Tin-  claims  paid  t»y 


rUlma.— The  annual  report  of  the  Board  of 
is  for  1805  shows  that  since  its  creation  in 
it  has  heard  «  d  2,882  claims 

•t  the  State,  claiming  in   the  aggregate 
$M?~  - 1  \v  of  interest,  and  has  awarded 

thereon  $lJs1$JM.    This  number  of  decisi 
eictoivc  of  those  made  from  1884  to  1891  in 
appeal*  from  the  Board  of  Canal  Appraisers  to 
inal  Board.  27:!  of  which,  in  May,  1884, 
were  transferred  to  the  board  by  chat 
of  the  Law.  of  1884. 

HaratloB.-Th*  biennial  school  census,  tak- 
en during  18B5  in  all  of  t  he  cit  ies  and  villages  of 
the  Slate  exceeding  10.000  in  imputation,  rc- 
vsnlad  the  neceasitSs  for  additional  school  fa- 
in it  occurred  the  one  hundredth  anni- 
of  the  inauguration  of  the  free-school 
niUdSUt- 


in  UM  United  Stu-  u,i.l.-r  th<>  admini- 
of  OoT.Oeorgi-  <  In. tot,.    The  fir- 
ISXT.  IAWS  of  17»:».  j.r..vid.-d  that  th<> 
m  of  C9CMXN)  whould  be  annually  appropriated 
far  the  term  of  five  years.  M  f-r  'th-  purpose  of 
•MMmniffnig  and  maintaining  schools  m  the  sev- 
efal  Htir«  atxi  towm  in  this  State." 
Tht  Mmber  of  public-school    buildings  in 
»«  «w  11.121. »  decrease  of  49,  caused  bv  con- 
The  amount  eipend.d 
[  «).i,-h  the 
and  the  country 
iber  of  persons  of 
of  whom  the 
>  and  the  country  723,440.   The  to- 


tal  increase  in  school  popul.-it inn  dnrins: 
was  89,987.    The  total  attendance  at 
589,863;  country,  :,:}:,.(',:!:,;  U,.T« 
770.    The  total  number  of  tea 
whom  ri.lMMi  \\.-n-   ni.-i 
The  total  amount  of  teachers' salaries  v 
iii.-n-as««   of   $11' 

and    in   country   districts,  $4,788,404.01 
crease  of  * 


I  Me    otato    '  <  mi1 
rattle    made   r 

'«>  the  Legislature  in  .Ian 

ini:  the  year  and  a  half  following  the  pa- 
ruberculosi  '">n  cattle 

ineil   and   S(H)  were  slaughtered.     'I ': 

11  Tuliermlosis  in   Call  I- 
May  ::i.  I"-!!!.  1..  iii'|iiire   furl  her  into  t  h, 

f  the  disease.    This  com: 
fully  studied,  by  a  system  of  spec -ial  in*-; 
the  prevalence,  distribution,  mode  of  in- 
and  genera]  i»eha\ior  <.f  tui'crenh- 
confining  j>art  of  its  work  to  a  given  area. 
was  thought  to  l»c  comparatively  fr. 
eral  infection   from   other 
trict   1)47  animals  were  examined  n: 
condemned. 

I'ri«.oiix.-In   the  year  ended   S-  : 
the  i.rison  population  had  increase.! 
The  deficiency  for  care  and  maim 
$lll,l!i"»   le-<   than   in    l^'.'o.     M..n-   mom 
earned  by  the  prisoners,  and  less  was  spe 
maintenance.    The  expenditures  for  I*1.' 

bhao  those  of  1893  by  $3^.- 
The  earnings  of  the  prisoners  show  an  i:, 
of  $72,800  after  deductinjr  tw 
for  fire  loss  in  Auhurn  prison,  $27.807.  »i. 
able  canceled  by  act  of  th< 
lilt    of  the  fire  of   1HJ»:J.  amount. 
M"».     The  expenditures  for  the  care  and  t 
of  the  three  State  prisons  and  tin  i; 
ings  arc  shown  as  follow : 

Shu;    Expenditures, $160^14 :  induM- 
ompensation  paid  convicte,  $7,670 :  del. 

A ul. urn — Expenditures,  $157,264;  ear 
"Hiit  due  ui 
i-ensation  ] 

<Mil;'  litnres,    ?l.r.7.1'.'', 

Dsation  paid  convicts,  $8^2 

There  were    104    prisoners  in  the  w< 
prison. 

t  ate  Commission  of  Prisons  made 
close  of  1895  its  first  annual  report      I 
that  the  unfair  competition  caused  I 
ing  out  the  labor  cheaply   has   di-turl- 

'.    injured    some    inilu-tries.   and 
others    out    entirely.     The    manufacture 

account  for  sale  in  the  open  market 
even  more  disastrously,  for  the  reason  t! 
cry  against  prison-made  goods  forced  th 
to  sell  below  the  price*  that  other  manuf;i 
could  afford,  and  thus  had  the  san 
disturbing  the  market,  \vhile  the  lar 
of  commissions  and  expenses  of 
made  it  even  more  expensive  to  the  > 
mission  called  for  estimates  from  a! 

.lions  of  the  supplies  purcha.s<-d  l-y  th(-n» 
of  such  articles  as  can  be  manufactured  in  tl 
prisons,  and  finds  that  it  is  practicable  to  have 


raw  YORK. 


enth  estimates  each  rear  ami  upon  them  base  a 

the  order* 
tereral  |-  utiona.    All  the 

,     .  / 


-    '    '- 
Thu  thee 

'.•     .;•   -  M 

J        I:    . 


le  full  vain 

Ala,-  report  show*  n 

ure  out  of  the  ordinary    r»  p;iir   fur 

•9.70.    There  was  espr mli  :  ;  rore- 

i*r  special  appropriation*, 

30.37.    'I'lir  mi  us  earned  upon 

riaUii  i-  ii  <>f  18M  was  8JJOO.- 

h  M97.48I   tons  were  in   tran»u 

eight.     Thf  inn-. nut-*  .arn..|   l-\  the  -•  *• 
JiaN  wrn-a,  f..ll..«:    Rrfe,  MWMfl  I 

.        t^Ui  ftWK  •       f\^^^*m**        AA  JMi  I    .         Ill         L. 

Main.    WVMM  .    vswegOi    oe«wi ;     iiiarK 

t«latnre  paeeed  a  law  su> 

8UI.  \oeed  $9.0on.oi» 

rerori,  ;  lain,  an.l 

and 

••N*  than  !• 

I  Cham  pis  in  Canal  to  7  uter, 

and  iinpi 

walls.    The  act  was  approved 
people  by  a  n  -te  of  848,770. 

re  annual 
a  Us  ..f /Aof  a  n. 

personal  propvrtr  in  the 

•»t  dur  ii|M>n  thr  U>nds, 
e  invested  ••  mulrr  the 

M  of  the  oonmiesioiiorH  <>f  tin-  Canal 
Mid  togrt!  >t  arising 

om  shall  be  devoted  to  the  sinking  fund 


'.r*rt:  iflH   .   . 


.-•-.  MT1 
iintn. 


ith     < 

nia-lr  at  the  western  end 

slober  were  so  successful 

wlirn  thr  system  to 

1  increase  iU 

95  percent. 

lore  than  400  strikes  and 
n?  the  year  ending Oct 
lasted  lees  than  twenty- 

»  most  disastrous  strike 

roads  of  Brooklyn  quit 
claim. 

9  locking  out  of  some  of 

he  condi- 

I'vernl  rean  lieen  entrrrd 

Ing  M  lines.    Its  agree- 

*ilh  A  Mr*  t««  rvnrwiil  .  f 
i  thr  labor  organisation 
company.  n  de- 

wage*  of  2"»  cent.«  a  day 


mm    feo  OBI    ' 


proportion  of 

ic-thinl  " 


41 
_w— *•• 

•      i 

system    returned    . 

repeated  efforts,  in  < 

'•*'       '     '    '     •   . 

"•"swjj 

ii««  m*rm  Mn&Ki«   i..*a:i    il^. 
I9rm  w»iw  mumt^  iv  mu  lav 

tluil 

having  been  oOled  to  Mslet  Use  j*L., , 
senring  order,  at  the  meat  of  the ^w 


».r   «h,,h  the  old        . 
Mtuatioos  as  ra^dly  a*  v^MMl 
the  boycott  on  that  eyHem  wne 

l«.-Tne 
eratkme  of  th 
June  80.   ISM.    The  teerMS*  «f 


up  by  a 

Whirh 

"""-•' 

d.fn-*M.  thi*  ].r.r  ,  f  f! 


dedar^l  .« 

:-•! 

.          . "  * 

1        "    ;  ',  ' 
'  • 

TU  frv,^,'. 

r.ostETi 


dw«nclMwne|J«LiaL   tMi 

r  |«rth  bi  iWW.eM  e  rair  Itnf- 

"^•rtgir 


..... 


extra  men.    Just  before  the  tie-up  the  men    beta  BO 


gained  IOM08  • 

eml.    Tbrrv  Kaa 

•  trad 

.,      .         . 

lese  now  than  tWy  wtrfv 
lion  of  thr 


141 


NEW  YORK. 


report  that  the  hour*  of  labor  bare 


and  the  rrturo*  from  $46  show  DO 

Four  hundred  and  seventy-three   organiza- 
tfasja,  with  IWWO  members,  »t«t«    that  t  hey  ex- 
*ea*fllB$5U.71?.5».    <>f 
van  r  k   benefits,  $00.- 

sick  benefit*,  $JW.487.W  for  death 
,15004  for  strike   benefit-:    $10.- 
67*74  was  given  to  other  labor  organization-. 
and  tlSUMMI  was  expended  that 

art.  not  otasvified  by  the  organizations. 

Ki.  ton     In-peetio.,.      Eferinf    1V»I     U.HK; 
•vrarate  workshop*  «  .«•*  were  visited, 

MiTim  of  thaw  were  inspected  several  tim--. 
~  persons  employed  in  the 
),668  of  whom  were  women 
under  sixteen  years  of  age, 
10.435  notifications  were  issued  re- 
quiring change*  to  be  made  in  or  about  the 
place*  viailrd  or  with  reference  to  the  individu- 
al! aamlojnd  The  most  important  were  as  fol- 
low: Factories  ordered  to  stop  overworking 
188;  children  under  fourteen  years  or- 
iiteharged,  188;  illiterate  children  under 
ymrs  ordered  discharged,  388 
and  hc4*tways ordered  guar  tire  escapes 

ordered  erected,  MS;  machines  ordered  pro- 
tected. 1320:  separate  toilet  rooms  for  women 
ordered  1.14*:  factories  ordered  renovated, 688; 
ndemned  as  unsafe,  52 ;  ordered  to 
[clothing  in  sweat  shop*,  718;  < 
wd  stopped,  58;  and  better  vent  i- 
118. 

The  mini'  !r.-n  employed  in  fa«-' 

„•  1804  showctl  a  decrease'  from  1* 
about  the  same  ratio  as  in  previous  yean. 
Fifth   and   <«a«r.— During  the  year  ended 

,       -          •          -  ,    ••„;   ,;;   ,;.,   -   ., 

of  varioos  kind*  and  ages.  Calling  the  brook 
tnrat,  brown  trout,  rainbow  trout,  landlocked 
salmon, sea  minion,  mu^kellun^o.nnd  black  bass 
Hook^od-lioe or  "game "fish,  there  were  i.l 
of  thaw  specie*  8,57,908.  Of  whitefisb.  pike 
perch,  tomood.  smelts,  ciscoes,  shad,  bullheads, 
frostflsh,  etc^  the  con  •  •  f.-.d  fi-h.  there 

010392.    In  IM».-I  th.-  commis- 


UJOtMWOpike-perob  frv,  24,080,000 
18.000.000  ciscoes  i  were 


whiteflsh,  and  1 

from  all  but  one  township  in  the  13 
in  the  Adirondack  region,  ami  these 
•  that  5,083  deer  were  killed  during  the  open 

law  signed  on  June  7  mill 
season    uniform    throughout    the 

•  •    '..'    fr  .::,   April    1C,  |<. 

Attft.  II.    The  bill   prohibits  the   poUoftJ 
atreaawor  the  taking  of  fixh  by  drawing  off  wa- 
l*r  or  by  dvnaraite,  or  the  taking  of  fish  from  a 
«r*am  to  *ock  a  private  pond  or  *t  r 
Mstof  through  the  ice  in  water-  i.,hai.i:.-,i  l,y 
I  or  «*lmon  It  permitted.    Salmon  trout  and 
ksjdWirkM  Mlmnn  maybe  fish,  iy  1  to 

.:!.  ' 

.  . 


for  deer  is  Aug.  16  to  Oct 

each  perscm;  for  souirrels, 

from  Sept.  1  to  Nov/Jo;  fe7- 


web-footed  wild  fowl  the  open  sea- 
from  Sfpl.  1  to  April  :J(»;  <|uail,  O|H>II  soa>< 
vember  ami   1>>. Tiiil.«-r :  woodcock  and  u 

MMOn  from  An-.  Hi  t,.  1 »,  ,  . 
Miipr.  and  Knu'li-h  >ni|»r  >hall  not 
fiossessed  during  May.  .lum-.  .Inly. 

TiM-n-  is  a  spc«-ial   |.rovisi,,n   i,,    r,-gula:. 
killing  of  . 

ill.-  n.-xt  twi.  yrars. 
jH-riod  there  is  to  be  an  open  season  • 
two  years,  of  six  days  only,  from 

id.    The  close  season  for  ducks  h an  been 
>hortrnod.    The  new  law  allows  I  other 

web-footed  birds,  except   I. ran?  and  -•••-•. 
hunted,  except   from   Ma\    1   • 
oj)cn  season  for  trout  begins  un  April   li 
closes  Aug.  U, 

State    (  apitol.      Thr    I.ru'i-lature   pas- 
ad  providing  for  a  rommi— j,,n  t..  la- 
the completion  of  the  Capitol  )>y  c 
was  estimated   in  .lannary,  1895,  that   the  value 
of  th.-  material   <«n   hand  "was  ML2-I 
plant  for  carryini;  --n    the    work    &'< 
ducting  the  vafue  of  material,  tin-  <-Minmi 
estimated  that  it  would  cost  ^ti.u.^.i  i-j  t( 
plete  the  building.     On  Dec.  'J7  the  <-i.min. 
era  approved  of  the  plans  and  speci: 
tin-  completion,  liy  contract,  of  the  i 
all  its  un1ini>lied  portions,  except  the  - -ar\ 
the  western  staircase  and  the  completion 
eastern  approach.     It  was  dcci 
the  tower  as  originally  proposed. 

I'olilical.— on  Sept    IT  a   lieput.licnt. 
convnitioti  was  held  inSaratoga  SpriN 
W.  Haekett.  chairman  of  the  Slat.-  <-onr 
called  the  convention  to  order,  and  nanp 
Sherman,  of   Oneida,  as  temjKirary  elm 
Port  he  permanent  organization  rial- 
was  matie  chairman.    Concerning  national 
the  platform  declared: 

We  denounce  the  Wilson  tariff,  with  ;' 
income-tax  attnelirnent — happily  <1- 
tinnal  l>\  the  Supn-me  Court  of'the  t'ni: 
the  fir-'  ii]ilis)ic<l  in  tin-  eaiui 

annihilation  of  Ainerican  in<lustr 
i>  neither  a  tariff  tor  protection  nor  u  !; 
enue.  hut  u  tiirill  tor  deticit.  fuiliiiir  l»y  «-orw» 
lions  a  year  to  rai-> 

expenses  of  our  National  (Jo\«-rriiiM-nt. 
i  enounce  tl 
its  grom  mismanagement  of  the  thian> 

It  already  ha>  added  more  than  *. 
tln>  national  debt  and  the  ».ui-.l.'ii-  of  tlie  J>oop|a^H 

We  denounce  tl 
ita  falne  and   misleading  -• 
e\p«-n«iiture-*  and  t'..r  it.-  failure  j.roinj,;: 
nation^  honest  debts. 

Of  State  issues  it  said  : 

•i«titutinn,  wlii.-l 
last  January,  imposed  many  im|M.rtan' 

iii<-h  were  fully  i 

dischnr.'.  .i.      l'r"!ninent  nmonir  tl  • 
tutional  requirement  of  uniform 
the  various  clamed.    An 
lure  dcsitrnod  for 
the  workinjp  people  of  the  cit  rk.  the  law 

ling  for  the  inspection  and  in 
ment  houwr«  is  entitled  to  e»i 

The  mout  rijrid  care  and  economy  • 
by  the  Republican  Legislature  of  the  S 
ing  appropriations  of  the  people's  money.  The  U> 


NEW   YUUK. 


' 


*W  eJt^ie^ej  t  e^Vevftey  eHtOflAWv  MMV  eft^B^VPjT0va>  ^^AIMV 

^iftMftLfM     BdWfB  vL  •MEneBjb 


ef  »•  *kw  UeteU  Mi  I      Ml 


nu-n.! 


to  the  platform  a*     l\9nrj  <imv 

Her  Mi  ••••  favor  the  maim*-     in  the  MI > 

iy  laws  in  the  interest  of  labor    proving  the  Krle.  Cl 


ticket  waa  nominated  :    For  The  election.  Nor.  ft, 
i:  Treasurer.  Add  won  li.  • 

.uiipU  11    \V.  rrmtA>  and  1 

xriate  Judge  of  the  Court  of  turned. 

'>n.  37  KetwbUcan* and  31 

,-ntion  wa*  h,-l,l  u,  I.Uilr   I 

'•y  |mralrd  May  ».  1000.  a*  lb*  thm*  wit*  ««t  Ml 

kiey.    Pern  Bi  :      I  tiu-suir.                                       f  u<a  ia» 
Xew  York  Ceotrai  and  the  Weet  fienre  ttfJbe^k 

•11    I1.    KI,,W,T    ICH  peniiancnt  75 mile* weet c>f 

itform  eeeentially  a*  follow*  and  predeelf  half  vav  hvtwte)  N«-»  Teft  e«y 

and  buffalo,    The  vi%»  of  Uuk  Falk  «e»  av 

onert  public  offlclaU  and  airainrt  corporated  in 

eneh  a*  wa«  witneMed  in  coniMc-  f                 «(•  and  a  part  ol  wUl  »a*  ik 

u^Hi±B,ri;sSirs?  j«?£i'flG!±:5iS« 
ESsru! 


tic*  and  eonvvn- 
•v.  Morton  and 


>tlirt  tbep 


ailil   Kuon    MI 
Monirht 

<t ration  WM  Approved, 
Mmtarifll.w. 

nominated : 

;»rt:  an.l  A»-     are! 

,  four,  of  A,.|Mh.  John 

•ho  ft'll.-w 
William  \\ '.- 


Ml 


NEW  YORK  CITY. 


•e  a*  thot»  of  the  former  v  illap-  of  Johns- 
.....  the  north  line  being  coincident  with  DM 
mlh  linr  of  the  adjoining  city  of  (, 

mm  incorporated  in  Imntown  is 

m  »•*  of  Albany  ami  30  miles  ea 


$5,806,688.64.    Th.-  mums  as  given  L,  \..;,.i  ,„ 
the  wealth  ..f  tin-  city  resulted,  in 
the  announcement  of  a  tax  rate  of  $  i 
*KK>of  assessment  as  compared  with  $1 


_ 

Dtka.  It  to  on  the  Cayadutu  creek  4  mil.  - 
•art*  of  Fonda,  a  station  on  the  New  York 
CtBtral  lUilroed.  with  whu -h  it  is  connected  by 
a  *r*m  and  *n  electric  railway.  has  a 

•••llBtlTT  of  10.000,  and  is  divided  into  4  wards. 
Wi«Blaf  industry  is  the  making  of  doves  ami 
there  hdnf  68  factories  with  an  ag- 
ramtal  of  fl.565,000.  The  3  knitting 

*r.p,t«l  of  $156,000.  and 
rthrr  milU  and  factories  have  a  capital  of  $63.,- 
OOa    In  all  over  $3.000.000  is  invested  in  manu- 
factare*.    The  numU-r  of  churches  is   10;  of 
sjfcnnll.  9:  and  of  newspaper*.  ity  is 

in  the  center  of  a  fine  agricultural  and  graz- 
ing country.  Among  the  mineral  products  of 
the  vicinity  are  oil  and  gold,  but  neither  has 
hern  found  in  paying  quantities.  The  settle- 
ment of  Johnstown  began  in  1 762  under  the  aus- 
pices of  Sir  William  Johnson.  In  that  year, 
after  residing  for  thirty  years  near  the  old  fort 
OB  the  Mohawk,  be  began  the  erection  of  what 
b  BOW  known  at  -the  Hall,"  which  the  bound 
#ely  approaches.  At  the  same 
date  the  lands  wore  thrown  open  for  settlers. 
The  Hall,  sometimes  known  as  the  Manor 
House,  is  still  in  a  good  state  of  preservation. 
Within  its  walls  Sir  William  Johnson  became 
famous  for  his  baronial  hospitality.  He  was  in 
command  of  a  body  of  regular  and  provincial 
troop*  during  the  French  and  Indian  War,  and 
on  the  banks  of  Lake  George,  in  the  battle  of 
that  name,  be  defeated  the  French  under  Dis- 
keaa  and  shattered  their  hope  of  invading  the 
Mohawk  and  Cherry  valleys.  The  Rnglish 
Government  gave  htm  a  grant  of  what  was 
then  Tryon  County,  from  which  Montgomery, 
Fulton.  Hamilton,  and  a  part  of  Saratoga  Coun- 
ties have  been  formed.  lie  located  th.  <o,,ntv 
seat  at  Johnstown,  and  in  177?  he  built  the 
courthouse,  and  a  church  and  a  jail  which  an 
•till  in  un.  When  trouble  occurred  between  t  he 
colonies  and  Great  Britain  most  of  his  follower 
joined  the  colonial  tide.  Johnson  was  in  th, 
ssBBloj  of  the  English  Government.  He  died 
'  •  .-,  •  .-  part  oftbc  RavolnttaiArj  War 
had  begun,  but  his  descendants  and  relatives 
foaght  on  the  British  side.  His  son.  Sir  .b.hn 
Johnson,  was  the  leader  in  the  maanacre  at 
Cherry  vallev,  and  his  estates  were  confiscated 
by  the  act  of  attainder. 

lOltR    (  ITT.    Government. — The 
cfcjr  officials  who  hold  office  during  the  year 
were:  Mayor.  William  L.  Strong:  President  of 
the  Board  of  AMstBisu.  Jo) 
tor. Ferdinand  Uvy ;  and  Sheriff.  Kdward  .Ml. 


Board  of  Estimate  and  Apportion  UK 
Tln>  body,  consisting  df  tin-  Mavor,  th< 
drnt  of  tin-  Board  of  Aldermen,  the  Comi 

I.  \s|,l,,.l    1'.    l-'Hrhl.  the   riVMdrlit    ..f    th.-    [) 

in.  'tit   of  Taxes  and 
Marker),  and  the  Counsfl    to 


' 

. 

ii:  layoralty,  $26,(Kx  ' 

il.  *-  nance  Department, 


L«      M.      Scott),      allowrd 

l 


1  Horn  were  elected  on  the  ant  i- 
J  tteket  and  took  office  on  Jan.  1,  1895, 
Register,  who  to  a  Tammany  Demo- 


,  to  shown  in  the  table  on  pat- 
the  year  the  CD-     '  .-  „„. 

?1."..127.2ir,.7«.   ami 
.    The  expenses 

••  -     and 

of  the  dty  was  increased  by 


itersst  on 

•  •f    principal"  of   cit  \ 
State  tales  and  common  .s.-h<.. 
PHI-.    $168,078.77;    armories — rents,    $1 
judgments.  $125,000  ; 
050;  Bureau  of   Public  Admin 
I  >«-|>artmcnt     of    Public    Works,    $- 
I 'ark     Department,  $1.'JI'.».-J.V,  ;    I  >.  : 
Street  Improvements,  Twenty-third  and 
ty-fourth     Wards,    *'  Depart  m«- 

Charities,  *l.:.i:;.-H7:  Department  ol 

199.88;  Health  Department,  $519,50>- 

'epartment,  $5,925,410.30 : 
t  ions.  $515,294  ;  Department  of 
$3,020.7<M);  Kin-  Department,  *: 
ing  Department,  $265,000;   Depart!:. 
.•-  and  Assessments,  $162,520;  Hoard  of  1 
tion,  $5.679,302.59;  College  of  the  < 
York.    $150,000;    Normal    College. 
printing  and  stationery,  $277,200;  Civil 
Koard,  $27,500;  coroners,  $56.200 ;  commission- 
ers of  accounts,  $65,000 ;  sheriff,  $137.232 ;  Kejp 
i-i'-r.  $115,250;  armories,  wages,  etc.,  $v 
jurors'  fees,  $85,000;  preservation  of  r 
$40,280;  street  and   park  openings,  $2.V 
libraries,   $63,500;  safari.-  > .:•>. 

000 ;  salaries— judiciary,  $  1 ,42  ,  arita- 

ble   institutions,   $l.r,i:;.:.oi.»;- .    m, 

;  12.85;  total,  $46,496,57 !.:<!  : 
eral   fund,   $2.500,000;    grand    totaj,   $4 

This  statement  show- that  tin*  amount  a 
for  1896  is  $46,496,57 1.:',!,  which  is  ml.,- 
deducting  from  the  general  fund   : 
receipts  from  various  sources  during  th«-   ^-nr. 
including  the  unexpended  balance 
years,    amounting    to    $2,500,000. 
amount  to  be  raised  by  taxation  i 
81,  which  represents  an  im -n -ase  ».f  s- 
of   this    in,-rea 

K\<  hiding  the  H  and  other 

items  t  here  is  to  be  charged  a  net  increa- 
running   expenses    of    $1,984.341. Hfl 
principally  distributed  as  folio-.- 
$i:r>.050.66;    street    imj  •  U1   H^l 

third     and     Twenty-fourth     Wards,     $•; 
Health    Department.  $58,828:    po 
elections.   $10','  set    cleaning,  $6 

building.    $««., 

health  of  the  City.  -Thi<   d.-par" 

county  charge,  and  i^  i-areii  f. .• 

tax  commissioners,  M  follow:  Kdward  I' 

(president),  John  Whalen.  who  was  s          ;     ; 

The<,dore    Sutro   on    .lune   7.  and   .1 

men  thai,  who  was  succeeded  by  Ja 

each  of  whom  receives  a  salary  of  $7,000  sod 


WBW  YORK  CITY. 


'* 


feUv*  or  if*» 
%,.Ur  *,.„,  tb.  .inkier  AM*.  «a*r  i*«.uk, 


Ifc  u.^  .,,,,.rv»rm,,  i,  .ftrr  Jut~  V.  -'..-,     .  . 

•fllwaMtaMd  territory  «T  WMtohMtar  UM»I  .  «tM*»  •» 

vw  of  UM  «••.««!  u-rmury.  ««fcr  iW  pro«t*M*  of 

**r»«.U»»ari** 


§m_  .  ,  t,^  1  1  1     ^LA        _     ^v^»    ^    « 

I  .•        .  <  • 

Chartr*  II.  T.  rollta.    Th« 


of  CYotoa 
ao 

k-allon.   ovrr    \«i*.      The 
May  1  amounted  to 
the  draft,  on    it 
The 


$1,000  Addition*!.    The  office  b 
:MHV.     I'hey  report  the  total  vaJua- 
real  AIM]  jpenoojil  M  iaietmi 


646  ortr  lajt  yw. 


•  9mm       •  m    '  •    " 
Dwtef  IW  jmt  T|  •£§  W 
iU.ar 


'115.625.  whi<  h  is  distributed  a«  follows 
061;  diffrrrnr...   $i:MUV«-,  '.4*1   tax*- 


TW 
o«Ja».l. 

V       w    t^Si  •J^afla*^aflk4  *   ••^aflBB.   sWa^al   a%A   •BBJT1 

f*ww  pm* 

Granite  on  eosMn 

_^_J—  .     «*M«amAftA  «^Bk    ^amftm^i      W    HaflA  a^pSSBaSa\Bl«B   •SBBMal  * 

TWU*  t    KV«m»V  W  HHHlv  •  I ^WUr  VBVBW  JW i  111** 

j.halt,  10,000  -quarr  ranH:  aW.  ysyaMs  fMtt 


lies.  $W87.746:  tnwt  cnm|«nii^  * 
•K*n»h.>lil.  r  k<«,    $82343,420;    railn««l 

$S8J974.106:    rvstdent  oorporailoat. 

reddent  corporations.  $1- 
i*mm*l.   : 

«SMU,  rvaident.  $250.0^0.854:   shaW»hoJd«n   *>f 
• 


ajfihtH  pat  •••a 

j  -halt  and  wood  laid 


U    !   ••• 


1   •  - 

^•d.  •'»'  ^  loo.OOO 

>»»eliu**nd  William  K.  V»n,l,-r».«ll  f.»r  $400.- 

Afltor  wcrr  taxed  on 

h. 

•'torkn.— This  dcpartmrnt   in  undrr 
»•  charpp  of  a  commissioner  appointed  by  the 


tW  yav.     TV 


NEW    YOKK    CITY. 


•fr-  included  the  wi  ioe  by 

becinninif  at  ChamU-rx  Slrret  and  cutting  off  25 
CTootiM  west  side  of  Murray  Street,  making 
It  10  feel  wide,  and  thence  rutting  "tT  -j:>  feet  on 
tl»  wett  tide  of  Barclay  Street,  widening  it  to  80 
fe*Caad  soon  until  the  entire  street  been: 
ftetwid*.    The  estimated  cost  of  widening  and 
MlaiSJllll  ~       II.HNI.IIOO.  of  whirh  t 
pay  one  half  and  the  persons  benefited  1 1.. 

retting  to  note  that  all  the  pr 

•  ....  i  ,  rifinaU)  to  Trinity 

rhurrh.  • 

Mark \  Christ, St.  EfpritGraoe.  Lutheran  Kpi- 

\l      .    -.  -  .,,.  rtft  •  bardie*  and 

tot** Society  for  Promoting  Religion.    Several 

of  the  aU.to  churches  have  parted  with  some  of 


PArfctVhis  department  is  under  the id  in,  - 
Uoo  of  a  board  of  4  commissioner*,  of  which  t  he 
receives  a  salary  of  $5,000.  At  the 
of  the  year  the  board  was  composed 
oTAbrara  R  Tappao,  nn  iward  Hell, 

George  C.  Clausen,  and  Nathan  Strauss.  During 
February  this  board  was  succeeded  by  one  con- 
•iattaf  of  David  II.  King,  Jr.,  president,  A.  D. 
Julliard,  George  <;.  li.i\.n.  and  James  A.Roose- 
velt, and  it  in  turn  resigned  on  Sept  22.  On 
'lowing  board— Stephen  V.  K 
Cruger.  Stnith  Kly.  Samuel  McMillan,  and  Wil- 
liam Stile*— was  named  by  the  Mayor,  and  Col. 
Cruger  became  president.  The  secretary  of  the 
board  was  Charles  De  F.  Burns,  who  toward  the 
close  of  the  year  resigned  to  give  place  to  Wil- 
liam Ix*ry.  The  headquarters  are  at  81  Cham- 
bers Street,  During  the  year  plans  wen-  fur- 
nished, the  contract  let.  and  work  begun  on  the 
Coriears  Hook  Park,  which  is  between  Corlcars 
Jackson  Streets,  from  Cherry  Street  to  the 
or.  The  park  is  ten  acres  in  extent  and 
a  perfect  nqnare. 

»  Y<>rk  i«  to  have  an  immense  botanic 
garden,  to  cost  $500,000.  exclusive  of  the  ground, 
and  an  endowment  of  $250,000.  The  incorpora- 
tes of  the  New  York  Botanic  Garden  met  on 
June  18.  and  learned  that  the  remainder  of  the 
$100.000  required  by  the  act  establish intr  the 
garden  had  been  subscribed.  The  city  must  is- 


for  $500.000  to  erect  the  necessary 
buildings,  and  mutt  set  vide  250  acres  for  the 
we  of  the  garden.    The  ground  selected  by  the 
irectors  in  on  both  sides  of  Bronx  fi  v,  ,-. 


. 

New  BrHge.—  The  Central  Bridge  oret  Il.ir- 
leai  river  at  Eighth  Avenue  was  formally  opened 
1,  although  the  approaches  were  not  corn- 
It  took  three  years  to  build  the  1 


«4  during  its  construction  8  .  kilk d 

-t  $2.000,000,  a  i 

fc*  la  length  from  the  eastern  approach  to  the 
g«»  b«H  has  a  roadwav  40  feet 

<• 

•  2.407.188  pounds.  Sixty-four  cluster 
. 

lis  department  is 
-.  who  re- 
Mcuin- 

-  w»  »««  jc»r  was  Thomas 
[»  wan  removed  and  gave 

?^111*16-    TheofBcVS 
I>orhigthe  year  there 
plais  for  new 


. 

1,885  i»l;m-   for  .  at    ;m  t^tiinal. 

of  $8.?vl. '•'.'}.    The  nther  it«-ins  in  Ih, 
(H.rt  are:  Unsafe  buildings  r 
huildii  .  l'.»;  vinhitj. 

casi»s  repori  :  flre-escafM'  nol 

plans  rec< 

\ainiTird.  irj.JMMi;  ca- 

warded  to  the  department  ati..rn.-\  t 
tion,  4,478;  and  new  buildings  ami 
in  progress,  2.908. 

\i1al  M.itMirx.      Th(    I',,.ard  of    I! 
sists  of  the  president  of  th.    I1.,  a  "I  of  1 
health  oflh-cr  of  tin-  port,  and  'J  cnininis^ 
1  of  whom  must  have  been  for  five  years  n 

i-hysiriiin.     The  r<mimi- 
a  physician  is  president  of  the  l.oard  . 
a  salary  of  $5,000,  while  the  other 
paid  $4.000.      The  er^offirio  coin  mi 
ceive  no  salary.    The  officials  during  IHjr, 
as  follow:    President  Charles  G.  V 
Cyrus  Edson,  who  was  SUCH •••d«-d  on 

r,    H.-alth-nm,-. 
ulli-.  who  was   suceeedi-d    \>\   I  ' 

Doty  on  Jan.  1,  and   I're-ident  of  the  Ifc.;. 
Police  .I.in  tin,  who  was  PI: 

Theodore  Koosevelt.    The  EM 
i-   Knnnons  Clark,  and  the  headijuai1 
the  Criminal  Court  Imildin-.  • 
The  vital  statistics  were  as  follow : 


Death*  under  one  year 
Deaths  under  fire  yean 

Total  deaths 

Total  if  ported  birth*  . 

T«.:;il  n-|,.,rt.-.l  in.-irri.ii:-- 
Total  reported  stillbirths 
Death  rate  per  1,000  living 

The  principal  causes  ..f  deat!. 
in-::    Pneumonia,  5,7<»7:    phth 
rlm-al  diseases,  8,208 — under  five  years,  2,889; 
heart  disease,  2,286;  Bright 's  disease 
tis,  2,681;  diphtheria.   1,628;    bron« 
measles,  766;  influenza,  566;  whoo: 
scarlet   fever,    jr.". :    crou 
:'.l;  cerebro-spinal   menintri'. 
larial  fever,  90 ;  and  small  po\.  in. 
deaths  by  violence  were  the   foil. 
6;    Miieide,    :{7o;    homin 
sunstroke,  85. 

To  the  introduction  of  diphtheria  ant; 
its  production  by  the  Moan  I  of  Health. 

;.    this  city  during    the 
tril.uted  the  decrease  in  the  mortal ii 
disease.  Tl  isfurnisheil  w;- 

:  itals.  to  the  public  and  el 

stitutions.  and  to  the  poor  of  th- 
in tin-  division  of  f 

sive  trades,  the  invest  i-;it  ion-  in  i 

character  of  the  milk  have  been  it, 

number  of  analyses  bein^ 

arrests  made,  695,  against  i '.:•  f»r  : 

fines  collected,  $12.^ 

The  numl)cr  of  pounds  of  fn. 

seized  and  condemned  wa- 
^tr«»€t  Cleaning-.— This  depart  n. 

aged  by  a  single  commis-i'  n<-r.  \\ : 

salary  of  $6.000  a  year.     At  the  i 

the  year  William  S.  Andrews  was  commissioner. 


KKW  YORK 


gave  place  to  Cot  George  K.  War- 

,  drfwrtn 

•45  $8.888.88898  »«•  •»' 

.  $80*887  was  doe  to  an  u 

lumping  !M*I- 

leaning  the  streeta  $114. 


.roing  does  not 

ire"  and 

!    ice"   and    $74JP87.88    • 

18W  $217j888.78  waa  apt 

.1    $85^80.51    for   -new 

.1.., 

the  Mayor,  "the  streets  hate 

•ii  improred.and  thedecreaee  in  the  mor- 
as  been  greater  during  Itfttt  than  it 

U      Phis  department  i»  under  the  con- 

>e  board  consisted   of  J.  8e 
A  lute,  and 
rani 


•••  on  MM  887  at  (h» 
tal  (VrclAfwdia*  for  1884.  iW  fact  it  that 
-n  Jan.  1.  l««.  n.4  .*•  wan  wu.  .*. 
before  the  Uxow  Committee  hi 
a  term  of  Imprisonment.    On  DM. 


«•.• 

OTH      Of 


.•naed  M  follow.  :  (>M 
rerervd-  that  of 


' 


of  a  hoard  of  8 
Mafor  for  a  tern  of  ate 
od4e  a  ealarr  of 
of 


trien  to    grange ;  Anthony  Bmfchoet,  who  wm 
ohn  Monks  to  Phalan.    Office,  Pier   on  March  7  by  Janies  B.  ftsrgiH :  fl 


Iodine?  8  8re  honMi  88  noaw>^ejaV 
ladder  oonipanisa,  88  stenni  8reendMs\4  wmu* 
towen.  88rhoiia?and  JaAUr  iradk  aa4  414 


The 

MJ8&48.  of  which  amount  $^46\8(r7.00  « 

;tJ.rts  in  the  work     lmr*«.     Ihinng  the  yrar  thetv  wer.  !>•>  8fea. 

BeWUon,  $817338.19  for  the  maintrnaiu-r     -f  «hi.h  :t.r,ui  .rr.  MiMd  I    fa   t-   j     ? 

1  reitair  along  the  wh  front  belong- 

•i  was  charged  to 

numlwr.  119  were  not  in 
mated  loss  by  tbnr  fire,  wa*  $8.11 
•',  .:    .-.-       -      i::   •    4 


•  •  . 

*;.::  •  i     •     '      •    ' 
Maclai 


inoalex 

This  department  is 

nix  years.    The  board  at 
•d   of  Jamea  J. 

Murray. 

flhathsn  waa  removed,  and  on  hVI>.  i:t  Avert  I>. 

«s  wan  a|i|M.inted  to  succeed  him.  and  on 

Mar  I  Theodore  Rooeerelt,  Andrew  I>.  Parker. 

1  Grant  were  appointed  to  soo- 

was  chosen 

B**1'  Sup»-rinf.  Police  waa 

<><S  who  waa  retired  during  the 
fear  and   Inspector   IVI.T  C..nlin  ap|M.ii. 
•eTenoosjaor,    Th.-  h.-a-i •J.::in,  r^  \n  M  MO  v 

-  ymr  th.-  i  -.lire  made  119300  ar- 
ivtA.  an  increase  of  14,000.    The  nun 

Hare  were  84.379  lodgan  aooomn>  lat 

against   t 

force  died.  78  were 
18  wetv  wtinKl 

-e  2,523  lost  rhildrvn  ami  foundling 
lice.    The  fines  and  judg- 

nt  policemen  amountol  to 


rty  clerk  rtceired  8.897  loU  of  lost    18Mt  than  on 


' 


*""  •pfi?°!?iiLil1*  )u/or^>*^N>B<f'  "Hi' 

arr.    The  preeident  oC  tne  nemv  at  taw  iwgia* 
.a.  CWWH.  ICa*».wWie. 


There  are  wider  the  Mail 
of  Kdncation  881  »honii  and 


IIIMV  WMV  omaiafd  It  gmmnisr  and  wtmntr 


NEW  YORK    CITY. 


year.    According  to  a  school  census  completed 
on  iVc,  31  the  total  number  of  children  was 


;.       ..« 

:• 


ippofcsted  (<>  select  a  site  for 
Obttefe  of  the  (  rk  recom- 

ltr'  the  4  my  blocks,  or  HO  lots  altogether. 
IliM  between  138Ui  Stn.-t  Hii.l  140th  Sin- 
Uerlim   Avenue  and  St.   N;.  |,..la*  Avenue. 


tb  the  college  baa  been  given  by  an  act  ,,f  the 
le*  LeffUaUn  $800,000  f 
for  the  building*.    The  Legislature  aut  hoi ; 
scft* 

f,.r  Mhool  houses.  nn<l  the 
f  $1.500.000  is  avm table  for  the  same  pur- 
pose, Tbe  city  has  about  $15,000.000  invested 
bfohool  property.  On  Jan.  1. 18»5,  there  were 
•Oder  construction  15  school  buildings  and  an- 
nexe*. Since  that  date  contracts  for  2  school 
(wildings  bare  been  let 

I  \.  i<e  NMTlMii  nt.  Thll  I'ur.-.-ni  i>  under 
UM  control  of  3  commissioners,  each  of  whom 
receives  a  salary  of  $5.000.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  year  the  f*«rd  .  --f  William  I>al- 

tott.  president,  Michael  C.  Murphv,  and  Kugene 
»•«•.  who  were  removed  and  a  new  boanl 
appointed  on  Feb.  90,  consisting  of  Joseph  M  ur- 
mr.  i  r-;.i.  nt.  Charles  H.  Woodman,  and  Julius 
H * •  •  •.:•' 

During  1886 12,070  applications  were  received, 
848  wars  canceled,  281  were  rejected,  and 
voked.    The  expenses  of  the  board  wen 
feoeral  administration,  $40.204.66;  insp 
•alarita,  >88.0*>.91 ;   contingencies,  $2,064.70; 
total,  $t84J9097.    There  was  received  $1,790,- 
00  for  lljm  licenses, distributed  as  follows: 
Liquor   saloons,  6JWO;    transfers  and    assign- 
meoU.  1JB89 ;  storekeepers,   1,071 ;  saloon,  ale, 
aad  beer  licenses,  448 ;  restaurants,  871 ;  hotels, 
988;  additional.  42  :  and  drug  stores.  !  Y 

Law  Depart ment.— The  legal  interests  of  the 
city  are  intrusted  to  the  counsel  of  the  corpora- 
Uoo,  who  receive*  $12.000.  and  8 assistants,  with 
from  $4.000  to  $10,000.  nsel  at 


the  beginning  of  the  year  was  William  H.Clark. 
who  wee  removed  in  February  and  Francis  M. 

On  Jan.  1. 1886.  there  were  pending  against 
thectty  8386  actions  and  special  proceedings. 
Then  wen  been*  1.080  fochprooeedings  and 
888  wen  closed ;  165  actions  were  tried,  62  ap- 
peale  at  the  General  Term  argued  and  J7  in  the 
»f  Amx-als;  850  written  opinions  were 
WUWeiL  Money  was  collected  and  turned  into 
the eily  tnawy  by  the  department  as  follows: 
By  the  feaenl  oflk*.  $4<i.7i :«.::,:  bv  the  cor- 
mUoo  attorney.  $16.488.68;  by  the  attorney 
the^ eotteotkm  of  arrears  of  personal 

*t,  or  nearly  enough  to  pay  for  the 
aneiiaiof  nmning  the  depart.. 
^StJff  ^^  "P"  «f  »«w  streets  were  ac- 


hy  (he  cHy  in  44  different 


in  which 


oo  pneatdinge  wen  instituted   for 
•simnlrtei, 


taJ«ne*, 


, 

Jttstkeeof  theCou 
pniated.  as 


each  of  whom  receives  a  salary  of  $0,000  a  year. 

lini:  to  the  laws  of  18915  thuv  WH- 
ferred  l<>  tli«-  i-.mrt  thf  untinislird  luisiiuss 
irt  of  Sprcial   Srssiun-.  1, 

Al^>  «>n  .liinrs  the  following  city  magistrates, 
with  a  salary  of  $?,0<> 
rimrlcK  A.  l-'lamnirr. 

.Mott.     Ill'll! 

M.  I'.'ii.-l.  \Villiam  .!.  Kanning,  ll«-n 

hch.  and  Charles  K.  Simm>.  .Ir.     Tl.- 

b(  '  of  •  fc»  s    liroughl    tn'forc    the  c««ir:>    f..r  if., 

year  ending  Oct.  :u   \\:«-   1U.7!  -aseof 

1  1.  <)!»:»   ore?   tln«    pn-r.-dinu'    \i-ar.     Of   ill, 

niimlH-r  of  arrests  ID 

posed  of  summarily.  l.-a\  i: 

if  In-Ill,  rcquirrd  trial  rith. 

Sessions. 

Tin-    old    T"inl^  polirr    rniirt.  whirh  f.-r 
than  i  m  had  IMTM  h«-].|  at  t 

l-'raiiklin   and    i  rets,  closed    fo«, 

5  (.'d.x-k  on  No\ 

Tlii-  Court    of  Common    1'h-as  wa- 
without  date  on  Dec.  80. 
Court  of  Over  and  'IVrminrr  andof  .!. 
established  in  1665,  one  year  aft.r   i 
vesant's  capitulatioi 
wise  camr  to  an  md  • 

Power  of  Urmoval.—  During'  tin-   lii 
months  of  1  *!»."».  und«T  tin-  autliorit\ 
tin-  Lrgislatun-.  sigm-d  liv  the  <  - 
power  was  given  to  the  Mayor  to  remove  ; 
the  heads  of  depart  n 

Moiniiiients.—  The    Memorial 
lower    end    of    Fifth    Avenue,   in    Wash 
S.  |  u  are,  passed  into  the  ni^tody  of  the  • 
May  4.     Earlv  in  the  afternoon  tin-  OODI 
men  and  invited  guests  gathered  on  th 
around  the  arch.     The  Governor  of  tin 
Levi  I*.  Morton,  with  his  .  staff,  i 
A   and   the    l-'ir-t    P>ri-jade.    came   down   FM§ 
Avenue    from    the     Hot,.]     Kenais- 
>pf«-ial  exercises  were  begtin   with  a  pr.v 
lii<hop  Henry  (  '.  1'olter.  and  a; 
Horace  Porter  followed.     Mr.  Ilenr. 
made  a  brief  address. 
monument  will  now  be   handed   to  y< 
Mayor,  by  the  treasurer.  Mr.  William 
whose  la'bors  and  activity  have  been  so  con- 
spicu 

Mr.  William  K.  Stewart,  tn-asiirer 
mittee.  addressing   M 
Ilonor:  In  behalf  of  the  commiit.  e  on  th 
tioii  <»f  the  Washington  Arch,  formed  in  1889,  it 
is  my  privilege  to  transfer  to  you.  in 
-•ntativc  <  .  the  chief  magistral 

i  ity  «pf  New  V(.rk.  the  beaiitifu! 
which  Stanford  White's  genii. 
the  subscriptions  of  publio-epiritedfellow-o 

led  us  to  build.    The  strueti. 


ha%-e  enab 

though  substantially  complete,  still  lack* 

embellishment  two"  groups  of  -tat 
pedestals  for  these  stan  '1  ready.  Ti. 
purjK.ses  continuing  its  <ntil  i 

shall  have  seen  them  filled." 

In  his  reply.  Mayor  Strong  s 
peculiar  pleasure  that  I  pjiss  to-dav  to  th- 
dent  of  the  Park  Hoard  of  the  < 
the  key.  knowing  well  that  the 
in  creating  this  beautiful  arch  will  ever  r< 
him  of  his  duty,  not  only  to  guard  carefully  this 


W5W  YOilk 

•  «•  (hat  iu  surrouMiliMtr*  will     TQUOOQUOOQuOOOuOOO  aailoaa.    The 

r»t  .n,i  „«*  taEufui 

>i<ri»i>ria(r  ti>  the  rharao 

a\  «>""" 


ti>  te  rarao     tear  waft  t  Mania  at  il  mm\ 

^•MiMartroif-BririUw  Yatt  tw 
he  la*  0v*  yaart  km  beta  hayoad  what  wa» 
wordteipree-    wUmatad.  ihmr  havta*  U-*  an  n  mil  fr^ 
ollow  oullbe     JiJgJJg^^^ 


ldd-art.to  follow 

ttd  in  review  brf,,n,  i  be 
WDOOT  WM  At  an  end. 


»  tablet,  with  a  cheeterCou,                          ^therly  of  a  flfafeft* 

larlet  Lorinf  Brace,  line  drawn  from  the  point  whrf»  the  ftortheffy 

•  M*3 

hi.  and  the  medallion  line  of  the  Bronx  river  U>  the  mAddl*  o|  the 

present,-,!  t,,  th.- -- ,  ,  -hantirl   i.  •«..-.   II  mtcc  and  Olan  btatjtjk  ta 
n.  ami  wan  un 

tablet  in  memory  of  Neck,  I'nionport,  W« 

1^9^*  •  !•*• Uvfn            |        in  I    nflA  lAlf,           IITlvlilv, 

rat  prr»ri,'  .dllertow      fr» 

ne,  in  the  Bpiteopal  now  form  the  northern  few  of  the  e*y, 


nee  of  000 

-•uU'r  tpaoe  railroad  daily.    More  than  SJ09 

i  Square,  wa»  informal! v  tmn»-  thr  roadway^  and  the  total  daflly  . 

DaoaftmamtiaJolj   Th.-«.-rk,  ih<  traHl<       •        -    •  •    .- 

!   the  two  bn.nz*        Kapl«Mran«il     Rallrwad     I  •• 

scription  Tin- 

iat    the  fountain    is   ,,r,^  -  ,    It 


drawn    John  II.  sunn,  and  William  ft  tin  way.    BniB> 

and  the 


«thallcoa>ewa-    lar  maeUnft  war*  held 

lowing  roale.  wwre  deeded  apoa: 
A  tome,  ti»  carter  Uae  h*t«*v  at  • 


•hn  I',  llaiur.. 

rurltylo    th«  emie  wM  *jel  aerm  feai  tW  MtW^  •a72 


They  nr.   f.>r 

nuallel 


lon.— This  IN mrd  oontiata 


ltoi  at  a  pobtf  at  or  aea?  the  wmaiHi  «O»  w 

.fc        _  a  .  ,    *^      _  ^  ^    

jamnaawM  awawjany  eme  ar  nawjey  riave, 
BMiU*  n*n^i«.<r  •«rf  DMM  a^^M  te  awai 

VB^VT    ^M^KiVVT  ••§    Wl^Mi    ^WHI^   ^  ^^M 


Kan5M/SotU  w^wS^wST^^Jnirtn^    •"• 

OaOIVt  V  l->hn   J.   Tttckrr 

1  an  n  on.     Tho  wi»rk  of  thr  «-..r 
mtmion  in  1895  waft  i-on filial  man  Aee__ 

•torafa  tyttem.    Titicu.  dam.  i'5*?  Bn- 

iSlasJfiHSf*****"** 

I  etdtwirr,/          l,-,i    -...,          '*-,;„        , 

'«O.OW).ouo  pillnns  !  ,tor«l  in  the  ff-^ VrBSmj  >5S TSJTr  Uim r^ttT  fCS 

k«i  aiiihiioii  "f  more  than  90  g<IB*tn  fliaaliiartnd  «eaae<rtaM*rBh  aV  taen  ee 

tit,  of  the  whole  storage  available  hereto-  Mrihtd  Mae  mLf  fctalaaj  at  a  eat*  el  m  a»a* 
I   farr                             iMiiHwrr.-  •                 -he  main 
I  one  ooitinff  $408.241  04  ami  thr  auxiliary  dam 

,ho,  tfemiael^Mdwaifca^tft^ataT^ 

Mad  hytheet  dams  will  contain  aix> 
ww^DOO.000  pillonx.     In  Atigutt  the  contraot  for 
n>me  Park  Rceenroir 
l.0«0.     Tho    ,  vcaration 
\ten»ive  structure  will   re-     fcTih* 
fletion.     <>n  the  aon-    ttaeef  Wi 


I^UI    VtMtlwV    1/wHHI   VtHMsnP  Vsv  w  wVsrvnv    Jsj^VsjlsB^X  Wnv>jV 

andar Feanh ead  rark  Aeamat te a ftttat arjear 

kedwrt  afteat  Ksiin  er  fat% 

Avaaatlew  llaffiMBi  Hew;  thea*e  tsJWlS||  a» jhe 


ton  dam.  be^ron  at  the  end    »««!ip».^>»j 
The    *•  w***»  **• 


L|«rinli-,l  .iur:-  „•  '-  '" 

i    »tora»e  expected  u|- tit  i    ... 
U  38,000,OOO.OOaOOO 
lioh  will  make  the  total 


. 


NICARAGUA. 


re  are  88  miles  of  railroad^  and  l.0-l,r>  miles 
of    telegraphs.     The  const  met  ion  of 

:IH  tor  the  Government,  lo-j  miles  m  i, 
has  been  begun. 

lirMMi    1  Itimatiini.-  After  the   unsi. 
ful  attempt  to  ncc    in    the 

.Ito    reserve    ill    the    summer    of     IK' 

British  vice-consul.  Match.  (.i  otl 
traders,  and  v.1  Amer  re-  arrested 

in   Congr. 

from  the  country.     After  the  M 
were  ended  by  the  establishment    of  \ 
administ  ration  in  the  territory.  Mr.  I 
tained    from    Lord    KmiUiley    the    i 
suraix  i'.riiain  asa 

sovereignty  or  protect  ion  over  t  he  t«  : 
on  the  .  respects  the  full  and  ; 

of  the    (iovernment    of 
The  Mos(|uito   nation  by  its   voluir 

:..  r,  ls'.»t.  the  incorpofal 

d    territory    in 

Indians  formally  subjected  them-, 
go\erned  by  the  general  laws  of  i: 

i  of  by  their  own  customs  and  : 
availing  themselves  of  a  ri. 
by  the  treaty  of  Jan.  28,  186(1,  condud. 

Nicaragua  anddivat  Britain.  Tl.« 
ish  Minister  of  Foreign  AlTairs  \\  i-hed  !•• 
it  understood  that  an\  ad  ion  that  the  |. 
Government  might  take  m  the  wa\ 

MI   Nicaragua    is    wholly  u 
iiected  with  any  political  or  conventional 
tion   concerning  the    Mosquito 
is  sjmply  a  proceeding  on  the  ground- 
tional  law  to  obtain  satisfaction   for  an  a! 
In  matters  concerning  political   control  i: 
tral  America  he  had  no  other  wish  th, 
full  accord  and  with  the  approval  of  the  I 
.     The  British  (Jovernment   demand- 
explanation  f,,r  the  arrest  and  banisl 
out  trial  of  British  subjects.     The    N 
minister  in  London.  V 
that  no  affront  to   Kngland    was   jur 
the  men  were  deported    for   fomenti: 
ances,  and  that  the  proconsul.  Match,  v 
a  consular  officer  of  <J real    Britain  and   I 
i-si-t/Htifur   from    the    Niearaguan    (>• 
nn    Feb.  -jr..  I Vi.-i.  Lord    Kimberley   , 
demand   that    tl, 

Ming,   imprisoning,   and 
ling  those    British    sidtjects.  and   fur- 
unconditionally  the    decree    of    expulsio 
agree  to  ;i  comn 

•.raguaii  r«  ! 

a  jurist  not  a  citi/en  of  any  Aini-ri-  • 
atSOei  the  damages  that  they  had  SUst 
failing  an  agn-ement.  that  the  ossessii:- 

.-•  s  should  l>e  commi*  .-i.-nt 

of    the  Swiss    republ  of  a 

I'.ritjsj,  gchooner  and  the  duress  of 
or  an  indemnity  of  £5(X» 

in    her    reply,  while   n-it. 
denial  of  a   breach  of  international    ! 
intentional   atTn.nt    to    (Jn-at    Britain. 
ft»  arf  Ofiffee.  hides,  bananas,     that  all  the  (juestions  of  payrm-nt    ! 

The  mines  and  many  of     injury,  damage  to  property,  etc.,  be  sub: 
i  banana  tilantaiinn*  *«»  n«n<wi  h«    to*  arbitral 

Man-!,  1«»   L-.nl  Kimberley  handed  ' 
Nicaraguan    minister  an    ultimatum    r<-<\ 
that  the  British  rlemand  be  complied  witi 
Aj»ril  26.    The  decree  of  banishment 


fltmocrat  fTimms-  v  Clerk.  i 

Register,  NVilliara  Sohmer.    Judge* 
Of  \\.  n—  full  form.  Robert  A 

:.  man:  two  years.  Rd  ward 
;.«>er.    Judge*  -f  the  Court  of  General 
—  full  trrtn.  Joseph  K.  Newbtirger;  un- 
term  ..f  lUnd.-lph   B.  Marline.   N> 
Mahon.    Judp 

vekSn,uh.rharie*F.McLeail,andrh»rles 

•i.   Abo  for  85  members  of  Assembly.  12 

Slat*  Senator*,  and  A  mos  Camming*  as  Congress- 

man fr       T.-nth  hi-.iri.-t  to  fill  vacancy  caoaed 

by  death 

iJoptiblioanand 
County  Clerk.  Thomas  I*.  Han  Bister, 

•     K   ktmg    J  idgi  i  i  f  the  CityCourt 
teO  term.  Daniel  OVonotH  Hatty  ;  two 

Rvarts.    Judges  of  the  Court  of 
full  t.-rin,  Thomas  Allison  ; 
DDtL      .ludires   of  the 
S.  Isaacs,  Chiu 

nd  Krnert  I  fail.    Also  for  tt"»  members 
of  Assembly.  12  State  Senators.  and 
(ira^n  as  Congressmen  from  Truth  District  to 
fill  varancv. 

Th.  '  .  I*bor,  and  People's 

parties  also  had  tickets  in  the  field. 

.tit   of  the  law 

'..*ini:  «.f  the  saloons  on  Sunday 

by  the  Police  Commis-i-  nr-:li.«i.  r  MI  in  \ 

very  largely  cast  aira  ins?   the  l''usion  ticket,  and 

again  Tammany  Hall  pin  di  dates  in 

one*  by  pluralities  of  about  20.000  votes.    Amos 

imtngs  was  elected  to  Congress  by  a  plu- 

rality of  5.072  votes.    Of  the  12  State  Senators 

chosen  from  the  city.  9  were  Democrats  and  :{ 

Republicans:  while  of  the  :«  Assemblymen  the 

Democrat*  elected  27  and  th<-  Republicans  & 

NICAEAGCA.areptililic  in(  Vntral  America. 

-  nate  consists  of  18  and  the  1  1  »  xw  •  >f  Repre- 
sentatives of  21  members,  elected  by  the  people 
for  «i  years  and  four  years  respectively.    The 
President  is  elected  for  four  years.    Gen.  Jose 
SaototZelava  was  proclaimed  rr<-;.l.t!t  ; 
Umber.  18M,  as  the  result  of  a  revolution,  and 

vard  elected  f««r  tln-t«-rm  emling  in   1898. 
iliinH.  as  reorganize*!  in  April.  1W5,  was 
composed  as  follows:   Foreign  Affair-.  Man  ml 
Camnel  Matut:  I'.al- 

ladares  Reran  ;  War  an<l  Marine,  (Jen.  Reuben 
:  Finance,  Santiago  Callejas. 
uMM.~Tbe  receipU   in  1892  were  $1,- 
4j097.of  which  $582,057  came  from  cuft 

from  a  tax  on  npirituous  liquors,  $271.- 
a  duty  on  tobacco,  and  $938.423  fmm 
r  sourcrs.    The  expenditures  were  $1  •» 
IM  eiecwtlve,  $49.679  for  foreign  affairH, 
for  justice,  $142.099  for  finaiu  ial  nd- 
li.«.   $1J65.T 

•  •  :  '  • 

mfety.and$817.r*.  total. 

The  internal  debt  in  1891 

• 


• 

OrMtBhuia. 


"MFMMHta.    The  exports  go 
Germany,  Prance,  and 


jeeU  implicated  in  the  Moequito  re- 
he  flntt  0'inmtiniea- 
ir.rtf.  ];  •  lie  •abject  WM>  r»-    eoalof 

o.on   the    Carteloa 
euatoma  until  Mifflr 
m    collected    to    par   thr   fine    ami     tenor.  ItoAJ 

M.l-.l  and 

kid    mitt. I     lliMf     |i*n«l«ful    A.utwl.1 

aim  mint  i  inaw  rmajiana  woaxtn  ooiy     MJM 

'ri    MH 

•oribed.    The 
MB.     The  tlpokton   of   ProoonMil    dor.  and  Co*  j 

ys^&t^^  i^tttigt:      r£ 

,„. .,»«- 1.*, 

h    nrtwrr. 

NfiitiriN-  p 


vn.  riiTan,  mi' i  |>iiiiiiin|(  cawlMM* 
(Uiofllctr  was  tent  t»v  tin-  Itnt  i-h  commaml' 

'•Unapia,  "  .•  Britiah 

!^Hf,,l|,, 

vaareoeireil  within  thfM    rveentatirv  of 

On  April  »  the  Brilidi 

people  to 

-nl  to  submit  tot  ht»  ult  imntuni.    to  the  •! 
. 

fr..m  the  ship*.    All    miniater  to  Franc* 
ft  the  town,  and  the    accepted,  and  after  a  faffMal 

Wdirr  luirawn  and  all  arum  removed.     wa«  in»lr  t  nirml 

Unoopp.*.  irairuam.    barkr.1  •  p>  < 

The  mat 
•  fla«  wa»    Loodoo  and  paid  o*vr  wiihih  tW  UM>  ttopj.^ 

nek   Frrn.-h   WM  appointed *Ko?emor  of  the    WM  mated'  • 

be  a  clone*!  port  and  all'     in  AJ-nl.  !>*?.  and  m  Manila**  CMM!  OflBfMay 
Mil  landed  cnntnbMid  and  liable  to  Minn  U    «v      «•       :  •        • 

:riti^>.     II  ^  irthMMiaad  wa»  iacory.miad U ih»  CMtod 

ffoeUitnffl  n  >  , 

.•<  aninv  «m«tioa  of  the  wwrt  wrn*  toavw.  bf  a 

•aal  OoM<nK^ea  tli •»•>•    Tla? 

,1  a  l»lf  •«  UU«.d  «ar 

•eaeythat  N  >nd  a  fwtlwr  fvttod «T  taa  9W  MT 

tlional  law  an  i  .mpicikniaf  tWeaMO. 

^^laml  ^in.  a». 

•••r  he  protected  m: 
•  of  jnr 

k«nd  a  »t   micht  be    tin 


MV^MIM  by  •fiMttox  OHU^^^I 
„«  tU  cUrr*  of  iiliad  llit 

•       **-     - J^.«  ^kM^^.^        ^^^_^^^£^^ 

Tb*  Unm  o4^dIL~k  IW 


arapua  tni^.inply  with  t) 
'••  the  anvcreU" 


•n«v.  and  that  the 
IWjciplea  and  the  rights  of 

Molt  to  the  nation.     People  be 


NORTH    CAROLINA. 


and  hoods  for  $54*53.000,  asked    the   I'nit.-d 
Coofia*  trguarantee  $100,000,<> 
and  appoint  an  officer  of  the  army  to 
ihr  lUstraotion:  but  the  bill  failed 
-.'  another  was  prepared 

tte  Senate,  which  proposed  to 

»pit«l  stock  to  $100.000,000.  to  can- 
mi  all  stock  and  contracts  exc. 

fa  UK*  government*  of  Nicaragua  and 
R»cm,  and  $3,000,000  to  be  retained  by  the 
,  ,  vhaniru  for  the  concessions  and 
privftem  it  had  obtained;  the  United 
vat  to  reimburse  the  canal  company  for  all  it* 
leftttmete expenditures,  and  then  the  canal  was 
to  be  constructed  fr»m  the  proceeds  of  bonds 
guarantee  by  the  United  States  Government. 
This  bill  wat  finally  passed.  It  provided  that 
i  Stales  Government  should  issue 
$10:000.000  of  3-per-cont,  bonds  to  supply  funds 
Lid  shoold  receive  in  return  $70.000,000  of  the 

•aether  bill,  but  took  no  final  action.  On  April 
J.  1806.  President  n.  ...mted  a  board 

:frts  to  investigate  and  report  upon  the 
feasibility,  permanence,  and  expense  of  a 

.  .  •  -••-.  ••  i  ||ejefl  '*"•  route  pp- 
ioeted,so  as  to  determine  the  advisability  of  the 
Government  taking  part  in  the  enterprise.  The 
board  consisted  of  Major  William  Ludlow,  of 
the  Engineer  Corps ;  Command  :i.-..tt. 

of  the  navy;  and  Alfred  Noble.  When  the 
oompanv  proposed  to  have  the  canal  made  with 
the  credit  of  the  Government  the  estimate  of 
cost  was  pot  down  to  $09308,660,  not  far  from 
Mr.  Menocal's  estimate  for  the  actual  work. 


The  board  made  an  investigation  on  the  spot, 
aad  concluded  its  studies  in  November,  1805. 

-.rtod   that   there  were  insufficient 
upon  which  to  found  a  final  judgment  as  to  the 
and  cost  of  a  canal,  and 
that  a  survey  and  examination  be 
made  for  the  Govern!  -.*••  mid  take  eight- 

esa  month*  and  oost  $350,000.    The  estimate 

-  .;  •  ;;  •  -:'.; 

M)RTH  CAROLINA,  a  Southern  State,  one 
of  the  original  thirteen,  ratified  the  Const  it  ut  ion 
Nov.  SI.1789;  area,  «£50  square  miles.  The 
population,  according  to  each  decennial  census, 
was  888.751  in  103  in  1800;  555,500 

••:  «8£»  in  1890;  737,987  in  1830;  753,- 
419  in  1840;  809.089  in  1850;  993,622  in  1860; 
41  in  1870:  1.899.750  in  1880;  and  1,617,- 
1H90.    Capital.  Raleigh. 
Gevemaieat- The  following  were  the  State 

ng  the  year:  Governor,  1 
— HMt  Governor,    Richard    A.   Dough  ton  ; 
rHary  of  State,  OcUvius  Coke,  until 
».  wt»n  he  died;  Charles  M.  Cooke  was  •£ 
PjhHed   to  saoeetd   him;   Treasurer,  W 
rth;    Auditor.  R.   M.   Kurmnn :    Att 

.  M.  Oshom:  Adjut.-,  ,1.  K 

'  I'ublie  Instruct 

b  a  PppolUt;  Commissioner 
•   mmiesioDSf 
f 
?•»»»>  cv*»ru  WilUam  T.  Fairclotf 

«*«nat«Jasttea\I).  M.  Kurches.Be- 
I  A.  C.  AVWT.  Walter  Clark,  and 
w.  A.  Meatgomery ,  flaBiuuaiu. 


I  ilnc.it  inn.     Die  n-nti>nnial  «-oinin«-n'-. 
•  •ft-  •  irl'rai.-d  a 

Hill..lunr  4. ."».  and  i».     An  uration  was  d< 
bv  Alfn-d    M.    \Vaddidl    n-jtiVM-nt  in^    the  o] 
alumni,  and  ••!»•  by  Adolphus  11.  Klh-r 

•  iiger,  a  pot-in    !•>     Hi-nrv   .1.   StiM-kard,  aii 

mea  l>.  L\n<-h  of  tin-  . 
at  ing  class.    Addresses  were  m ad ••  l>\  M 

..nd  M. •[,),,  D  I'-.  Weeks.    SuWrinti 
amounting  to  $18,000  v  •••••  an  aluii 

building.     Tin*  uiuvrrsity  received  ¥ 
ingtheywir  from  the  Mason  and 

I'd.-  "  train-mi  \    .ju«->ti.in  "  \\a>  ^M•^ : 
by  the  trustees  who  adopted  a  ruk  thai 
b«-  ii"t  allowed  to  join  fraternitirs  until  n 
<>nd  half  of  « h«-  sophomore  y< 

Tin-   Agricultural    Department  was   coi 
datc.l   by  the    Legislature  with  the  A L:riciiltnrul 
and    Mechanical    College,   and    ap|T« •: 
were  made  f<.r  >upp< 
lege  graduated  a  da 
lege  gnwluatexl  a  class  ««f  -J'J  in  .lune. 
lege  graduated    •">.      It    ha-    had   an   addition 
nearly  $20,000  to  its  endowment.     Timr 
lege  sent  out  a  class  of  15.     At  the  dim: 
inent  $8,100  was  subscribed  towai  nal 

building  to  the  lai  nl    I'.axtoi 

and  $5,000  wa^^'i  ven  for  improving  th«  f 
Salem  l-'einale  College  graduated,  at 
third  coinniencrnienl.  from  ii 
•"»:{  in  the  regular  course  and  !)  in  special  Mu 
At  Greensboro  l-'emale  ( 'oIK'^e,  fniindcd 
the  senior  class  numbered  2o.     I ' 
at  Raleigh,  graduated  !>  youn^  la<i 

The  H  :ual   and   Industrial 

Greensboro,  closed  its  third   year  in  M 
number  of  applicants  to  the   school  1 
twice  as  many  as  could  be  accommo<l 
more  room  has   been    added.     The   LT.. 
numbered  28.     In  July  the   board 
acres  north  of  the  institution  for  $!','. 

The    summer    school    of    the     university  at 
Chapel    Hill  was  attended  by  104  lead 
t  ||OM-  preparing'  '<•  teach. 

st. ilc   Institutions.— The   Legislature 
appropriations  for  these  for  t  he  biennial 
as  follows:  Raleigh  Asylum,  regular  ^ISQ^^H 
20,    special     $11,390.48";     If  organ  ton     AM 

regular    $180,000,    special    fJ" I 

Hospital    (colored),    regular     $75,000,     spe- 
$20,000;  Deaf  and    humb  Institute  a;  \< 
to,,,    regular    $70,()0(),   special    $21,.VMi 
Infinite.    $s(MNMi:    Soldier^    Home.     > 

r.tiary,  $49,000:  State   l*ni\.  • 
000;   Normal   and    Indu-tn.il    S. -h«.,,|.    regular 
*10,000;  Agricultural  and    M-- 
chanioal  College,  regular 
000:  Agricultural  and   Mechanical  Coll« 
!  i.  $10,000;  Colored  Normal  Schools.  - 
Oqihan  Asylum,  $20,000;  Colored  Orpha: 
him.  $6.00d. 

The  Penitentiary  report  gives  the  foil 
statistics:    There  was  an  average  nun:1 

in  1  *!ir,.  :',  more  than  in  1 
these,  180  were  at  the Cenrtal  I»» -nit.-ntinry 

'JO  were  at  work  on  the  Caledonia  f.i1 
n  tin-  Northampton   farm.  1  Mi  on  th- 
fax  farm,  and  73 at  the  Cattle  Flaym-  far; 
mine;  67 were  employed  buildin.Lr  for  tin- 
oke  liapids  Company  on  the  Great  Falls  (anal : 
and  4-">  for  two  months  building  a  dam  f 


«  HOLD  I 


K,-k»   M'Hini  r, ,(i..i,   MI:;-      i  • ..    •  ..•-• 

thr    I'.  I..',-..:*    f-r   !!.,     »r.,    «    «    *:•*, 

iiuuunt.  U 

value  of  $54jMiJS.  ami 

..uiH    Contained     10! 
r  the 


a  total  ,,f  .17:1  I,: 
»le  of  school  agr  ;  «-f  tin-  number 

mmodattoiiH  for  S50. 

l-alH.rCora- 
•wing  statistics 

red.  1.V7.V!  <oft  »„•„.. 
,6W»  rlul.i- 

- 


-.'i  a^r  iu  bsMu 
-mth.  ground,  i.  fla»kssl  on  M 

.:ni  mat.   ..   1   .+  Ifc.  <*W*  1^  MI 
man.     Thaat  icvras  ar»  «l  htaaW 
TrL  AM  JSS+ 


ment  vas  hnilt  is  whte* 

It 


lily  wag.-*  are :  engineers,  $1.61* : 

••d    men.  $11" 
:  i.-«l  women,  65  cents;  tin- 

days  worked  in  a  year,  £864.    At 

r»-  th.-rv  libraries.     The  per 

railroad  management  and 
18M  are  given  at  0,43tt;  18M. 
000. 


iljr  *  conspiracy  ww 

irmnce  comnitiiai  had 

y«u».    Policies  wenr 

ivw  of    erwns  in  the  last 


Vlllaow.of  whtrH  b,  ... 
ra»  a  •**•»* 
Ufjialatl 
Session  of  the  i 
and  ended  March  IH    The 

ridedpoMrallya-iol 
-     i:.,  .       i  -      - 
Dimogate.  46;  nj.Hll.ii  .  mi 

At  the  slsdiosj  of  . 

fill   out   the  trrm   of  Ih*   lale 

Jeter  C.  Pritchard. 

116  to  4A 
1897.    Fortbefull 


<4  in* 


ital  diM-aM-.  and  on  the  old  ami  in 
medical  exanniirr^.  wit..  «.  r-    work- 
sal  agents  and  others,  made  out  falne 
lations,  ages,  etr.     Trial.i  were 
.-  ac- 
sentenced  in  I»ece.mber. 

,iln*i|.  with  a  valuation  of  |S4jM)l.- 
Jncrease  of  over  $13,000,000  since 

taxable  |>n>fM»rty  in.  r.-ii-  -i  in  18B6 
The  gross  earnings  were  $9.00H.- 

net  Bwomt,  ^.'.'Tl.lTV.':  kbOQl 
NM  are  emplonil.  Three  roacb  have 

rran.:  .ng*.  and  the  llamil- 

8  are  in  tl 

tie  Marietta  and 
gia,  an«l  tin*  Norfolk  and  Western. 

•iiu-rnnng  the 

ulniail  t<>  the  Southern  KailwayCom* 
••an*,  at  a  rental  in 


r  taxation.    This 
flagrantly  unjust        It  was 

—The  monument  at  Raleigh 


\bill 
dsction  law.  fllkd  S4 

Tl.r       li.r|!,..|      -f 


|.«    !t .- 

vh.>  ».-rr  ai-i-  Mfti  '  »  "  '  I-.' 
the  new  law UM  psofb  vslaS 
era.  who  shall  ssrr7a7  a  naejv) 


w.tha^hrixto  he 

..fadtfcrM^Mpam 
by  the  peefjla, 
The  nmntf  noards^T 


a^tt/illJIl1^  in?  f«m£ 


aad  U' 

Jfaaameata,— The  monument  at  K*i.  :^-h  •      wHhom*  rafsiaallssi  was  maM  M 

Vnrw«mt*  '•^V. 

tal  .Uso-    prraosM  taklnc  w|a1»r»  sssj^  tal 

that  iV 

•osrta*  itss>sjna>    A 

'Stonewall")  JackiK^n.  in  presence  of  a  large    of  oystet* s> a*w*isjssj«    rvrciskM 


MtaUaT onsvts  fjajl  tasWa  laWwr  aast 


HI 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 


NnliTll    DAKOTA. 


I  or  otherwise  dealing  in  them  are  to  make 
at  l<»  -i11"  •'  |»>J.  an*l 

the  like,  ami  par  •  tax  of  2  cents  a  bushel. 
Tlw  MbUcHScfH*  1  fund  was  increased  from  16 

-  cents  on  $:""  «-Tth  of  property. 
Two  new  rriuunal  courts  were  created. 
Tbt  legal  rale  of  interest  was  made  0  percent 
A  law  against  price  t 

«luiion  in  UM  House  to  adjourn, 
to  Frederick  Douglass  at  the  ann 
of  bis  death,  was  passed  by  a  rote  of  84  to 
•ken  in 


to.  This.  Ukm  in  connection  with  the  report 
thai  resolutions  to  adjourn  on  the  birthdays  of 
Washington  and  Robert  K.  Lee  had  been  voted 


u  .        .      . 

the  senate,  caused  a  _ 
ing.  ant)  indignation  meetings  were  held  in  sev 


..'  Senate,  caused  a  great  deal  of  feel- 


•rid  counties.  Senator  Huil.-r  gives  the  follow- 
ing  version  of  the  incident:  -As  a  matter  of 
fart,  there  is  on  the  record  of  the  House  journal 
a  resolution  providing  that  when  they  adjourn 
on  a  certain  day  it  be  as  a  mark  of  respect  to 
Fred  Douglam.  The  Senate  took  no  notice  of 
the  matter  at  all.  The  resolution  was  offered  l.y 
a  colored  representative  in  a  rush  of  business  anil 
was  voted  for  by  all  parties.  Democrats  in. -hided. 


of  whom  ever  expected  to  hear  of  it  again ; 
and  while  the  regular  hour  of  adjournm* 
the  House  was  2  o'clock  p.  M..  the  House  was  in 
session  that  particular  day  till  thirty-seven  min- 
utes past  8  oYlock.  i  te  and  Home  ad- 
*  promptly  in  honor  of  both  Washington 

A  resolution  instructing  Representatives  in 
to  vote  for  free  coinage  of  silver  was 
itelv  postponed. 
The  following  appropriations  were  increased 
beyond  those  of  the  preceding  Legislature:  In- 
sane  asylums,  increase  of  $29.52!r  !uml>. 

blind,  and  orphans.  $84,850;  educational  insti- 
tutions, $10900;  Penitentiary,  $49,15*  71.  The 
following  were  diminished  :  State  (Juard,  $20.- 

-•     -     :  $*jOOO;   Normal  and  In- 

.:.-••  il  B  •.     :.  ESot 

A  measure  entitled  -  An  Act  to  regulate  as- 
stgnments  and  other  conveyances  of  like  nat  un  , 
provided  that  -  all  conditional  sales,  assign 


or  deeds  in  trust  which  are  executed 
any  debt,  obligation  note  or  bond 
which  gives  preferences  to  any  creditor  of  the 
maker  shall  be  absolutely  void  as  to  ex 

- 

This  art.  which  was  said  to  be  equivalent  to  a 
»  of  business,  and  the  manner  of  its 
made  a  disturbance   that   continued 
the  year.    The  apparent  purpose  of  t  he 
to  prevent  preference*  only  in  case  of 
i  for  benefit  of  creditors;  but  in  its 
efecu  the  act  was  held  to  extend  much  fir 
aod  until  thr  courts  should  have  oon»tn. 
•M**  association*,  and  others  were  afraid  to 
*  ?°£*  «•  «***nfM-     H  was  brought  be- 
»  tkt  SSJOIMM  Court,  which  decided  that  the 
I  the  right  to  execute  assign- 
and  deeds  of  trust  or  make 
debts.    It 

«a*  not  passed  properly, 
of  iu  validity  was  brought  be- 
» Court  in  an  application  for  an 
' I***101  V*8ecreUry  of  StAte  from 

-      :     ' 

not  the  power  to  go  back  of  the 


'    • 


record  of  the  Legislature,  which  -howcd 

cation  of  the  act,  and  that  the  remedy  mi. 
with  the  lep>lati\i-  Itraiich  of  the  Govern 
in<l  Clark  wrote  di— entiii- 
An     iiidietiiu-nt     was    aH.ruurd     : 
against  the  clerks  of  the  two  houses,  an 
in  1896  they  were  convicted.    One  wa- 
to  pay  $250  fine  and  costs  and  ih. 
same  with  the  addition  of  t \\.-l\i-  nioi 

.NOKlll     l»\knT\.    I    KorthwtBtern 
udmitted  to  the   I'm 

7W  square  miles.     Tlie  population  in  1890  was 
,  ::«.     Capital.  I'.isiiuirek. 

<.o\miiiient.    The  foil  re  the^^^l 

officers  during  the  year:  Govern. T 
Lieutenant   (J..vernr.r.    .li.hu    11.    \V 
tary  of  State.  0.   M.   I 'aid:  Audi; 
Brigps:     1 

missioner  of  In-iiranci .  l'i-  d  P.    : 
mi  — innrr  of  Agriculture.  A.   II.   Lau.ulilii 
torney-General,  John  !•'.  Cowan  :  Sup. 
of   Public   Instruction.  Mm  ma   I4'.   Ilato 
road  Conn: 
Keyes,  John  J.  Wamber^:    Sup.  rii 

on,  \V.  \V.  I'.anvtl  ;   Chief  ,Iusl 
Supreme  Court,  Alfred   Wnllin  :  A- 

.  .1.   M.  I'.arth- 

t>licanti 

Finances.— The  Treasurer's  report   for  1 

shows  receipts  and  expenditures  as  ! 
ance  Dec.  81,  1894,  $61,568. 
the  year  from  taxes  for  counties.  $:\'.l-\. 
receipts   from  other  s«tim-e>.  iiidin!;' 
$826,060.22;  total  receipt^  $!.!• 
disl.ursements  xl.lo:{.(;7(;.-JO;    l.alance    : 

Lmong   th- 

$80,000  from  sale  of  funding  warrai, 
lature   and    incidental    expenses,   and    -v 
fn.m  sjile  of  funding  warrants  to  p. 
ini;    indel.tedness.      The    taxes    from    ra;. 
amounted  to  $97,223.90,  an<l  tin-  insurnnce  taxes 
to  $18,760.95.    The  warrants  for  le^. 
penses  were  redeemed,  as  well  as  a  small  ; 
the  debt  incurred  to  pay 
at  the  beginning  of  the  year.     I  lea' 
not  assessed  this  year.    The  total  personal 
tionof  the  State  is  $19,809,492.    The  tax  levy 
was  fixed  at  4  mills  for  general  taxes,  an 
tenths  of  a  mill  for  interest. 

Ld  n<  at  ion. — The  enumeration  of  pupils 
the  last    apportionment  was  6^.">i'.7:    th. 
was  $115.691,  or  $1.82  per  capita.    The  em> 

n  had    increa- 

The  average  cost  of  tuition  per  pupil  had  been  1 
$2.09,  and  the  average  daily  atten-i. 
f  enrollment.    The  value  of  s< 
erty  is  $1.6-i-  :ai«l  f«.r  teachers'  salaries,  . 

$547,408.04 

The  Vall-y  City  Normal   S.-hool   h 
dents  at  tli-  -nn.  of  wh-.m  al 

in  the  normal  proper,  and  the   M 
117,  about  102  in  the  normal  p  lass  of 

11  was  KHMluatoo!  at  Valley  City,  and 
>  those  schools  ha: 

priation   for  payment  of  salaries,  it  wa~ 
posed  that  they  would  be  closed  for  t 
two  it    subscriptions    were   taken   f« 

amounts  suflicient  to  keep  them  open  f' 
present  year. 

The  Agricultural  College  had  82  el 


NORTH    I»AKOTA. 


whom  57  were  in  th,- 


About  eleven  veawa  osje  1 
uid  Forks,  had    of  Uod^rr.  ~i  aside  ttxt£m!\+  L_ 

claase*    madetliee«bjeeta<if»oly.    TWj cieJsa'itedl 

;  •• :  i'  i'   •  •  -'  .'.     .  \ht   Turtle   Sttottotaio    laod    alnM    loeoaaM 

I— The  total  number  at    acrw.  belong*  to  Item.     TWf  oat*  bJ 

biennial  j.-n.-l     »•  hi  fllll  Si  •••»*.  Mil  if  to  ottrf  I 

I894.waeloi.oi  vboa  irfwer, 
number  remaining  at  the  end  of 
808.  The  peroentage  of  recovery 
led  iliiriiit;  t!»"  i  wo  years  was  09 ; 
1  tutted,  99 ;  the  average  number 

U18H  were  $111 

1  Home  reported  27  inmatee.   The 

\  fur  eaptin  was  1M  cents  a  day.    from 

jco.   The  cost,  covering  al! 

and  light*.  wh»  h  u.-rt-  ^timated    alone, 
ay,  was  88v  cents  a  day. 


s  year 
of  the 


l  80  no  pile  ID  Marvh 

na  County,  was  fixed  at  the  oor- 

•  nates  at  the  Penitentiary 

• 


wheat  harvest  of  this 
idant   in  the  history  of  the 
•  correspondingly  low.  but 
»as  in  i.e  grain  to 

tads  were  unable  to  move  H 
»  ready  to  be  shipped.  Ele- 
,  barn.s  and  gram  houses 
were  stored  full,  and  at  one 
•de  on  the  fair  grounds  for 
oats  and  other 
correspondingly  large.  The 
was  immense,  the  average 
(h  aa  900  bushels  to  the  acre. 
§  taken  in  tin-  production  of 

tig  stock. 

9  report  of  the  Commissioner 
>hows  that  in  1894  an 
lion  plant  was  established  at 
result  proved  so  favorable 
ve  been  organised  in   Hot- 
has  872  flow- 

ate  Bowi  HI  .•-    • 
e   tree   lands  are  esti- 
tnd  the  cultivated  tm« 


nrr,       -•     ,  '    • 

1*»   all.^rll,rr.   ».,.l 

at  8J098L    On 


The  commie**  MOfUed  Ibr  bjr  tW  l^flsia* 
tureof  1891toc»d(r>asMi  rv«i»iWb»«Me» 


sw 

Ifce  sjev  esjte 


'riots    hav 

inp  arti->tji!i   w.   !s 

:^Q.OOO  acr 

iMMirrat  immigration  convention 

Fargo  Dec,  17 

was  appoittti'tl.  ai  :\  organixa- 

:<>ns  we  rr  adopt - 
meeting  Senators  and  Krprtwrntativea  in 

ODngrew  t.>  urge  nn   appn  -j  r-i' ..  •:    • 

ian  basio  of  ' 
>r  vail-  he  rivers. 

nl.iin    ln.li.inv      \n   out- 
in 


the  odkmnuneot  ae  to  wlMtner  tsv  new  eo4ej 
effect  twfor*  iWy  were  JN  tilsjil 

by  toe  tiovertior,  and  woeussr  »a»  save  esjssev 

•  *     «|^    ^i^^^^»    vv^kl    1^    ta^^ft^tf    ^BS^tf*    l^^a 

tUse.    The 


mne Courier  ateei  ensa. one) tne  +•**••  «* 

thirty  da7»  after  tist  | MI !••••!  •  ny  list Osw> 

ernof  of  their  f*intsBgoo4  amfeewa.    Mens> 


•  i^n 


i 


rni.     < 
on  to  the  mm  to  cut 


Ill 


NORTH  DAKOTA. 


N.  W.  TERRITORIES  OP  CANADA. 


jorily  report  in  every  particular.    The  majority 
(•port  was  adopted. 

A  proposition  to  resubmit  to  the  people  the 
mMffooof  pn.hil.inon  was  defeated. 

The  Stale  Superintendent  of  Forestry  and 
Irrigation  wan  made  SUte  Fish  Commission*  r. 
jit/feh  can  be  legally  taken  from  anv  of  tin- 
vatersof  North  Dakota,  including  the  Missouri 
and  the  KM!  rivers,  except  by  means  of  a  hook 
and  line.  No  flan  can  be  legally  shipped  out  of 
the  Btato,  And  there  are  other  rest  • 

A  new  game  law  was  made,  but  as  it  was 
I  a  part  of  the  political  code,  it  did  n  t 
t  diirnii:  the  season  of  1895.     A  new 
wa«  created,  that  of  State  game  warden, 
ntirebythe  Governor.    For  a  license  or 
permit  to  hunt  with  or  without  a  dog  dunn- 1  he 
open  seatnn  a  noorssident  must  pay  fJ-V  and  a 
nakUot  of  the  State  50  cents.    Prairie  chickens, 
•juuau.  woodcock,  plover,  wild  duck,  wild  geese, 
or  brant  may  be  killed  only  between  Sept.  1  and 
Buffalo,  i-lk.  dear,  antelope,  caribou,  or 
pjoMflin  sfasep  may  be  killed  only  between 
•»  and  Dec,  15. 

••  of  the  birds  or  animals  named  can  be 
legally  shipped  out  of  the  State. 

Two  laws  were  passed  relating  to  cigarettes, 
one  making  it  a  misdemeanor  to  sell  impure  cig- 
arettes or  to  sell  any  to  persons  under  seven- 
teen years  old ;  the  other  forbidding  the  sale  of 
any  cigarette*,  and  imposing  a  fine  of  $10  to 
$80.  Ft  is  claimed  that  the  latter  law  is  uncon- 
stitutional. 

Bounties  were  provided  for  five  years  on  po- 
tato starch,  flax  or  hemp  spinning  fibers,  and 
twine  suitable  for  binding  grain  made  in  the 
State.  For  the  eradication  of  the  Russian  this- 
tle and  French  weed  $30.000  was  appropriated. 

An  act  providing  for  drainage  in  the  Red 
river  valley  will  result  in  the  reclaiming  of  125,- 
000  acres  of  the  beet  land  in  the  valley. 

An  act  was  passed  defining  intoxicating 
liquors,  covering  the  leading  so-called  "  temper- 

.v     ••  •::  •-.K- 

The  Capitol  commissioners  reported  the  con- 
etaekm  of  their  work  in  building  the  south  wing 
of  the  Capitol,  for  which  $50,000  had  been  ap- 
propriated. Of  this  there  was  an  unexpended 


"f  $700. 

The  House  repealed  the  gross-earnings  law 
for  taxation   of   railroads.     The   Senate   also 
the  repealing  bill,  and  immediately  en- 
one  adopting  another   system  of  gross- 


„  taxation  supposed  to  be  satisfactory  to 
all  the  roads.    This  bill  did  not  become  a  law. 
The  law  of  1800,  proriding  for  direct  taxation 
of  railroad*,  was  re*n«*eX 
Aaonf  other  laws  made  were  the  following : 

property  exempt 

toVnahip  the  power  to  vote 
offpwtwt-book*. 


United   States 
involving  a  grant 


rV»*Mi«f  far 


of  600  or  less  with  a 
law  to  prevent  fraud  in 
of  inmates  of  the 


Penitentiary  in  making  I'ri.-k  for  jml.ru-  in 
meats,  and  in  improving  roads  leading  t<>  put 
•Station* 

iinor   to  abuse,  o\,  rl. 
and  niiikiiii:  it  t!.< 
of  municipalities  t<>  pn-\ 

•printing  $.r»oo  annually  r<>r  expenses  - 

that  In  all  case*  in  whi<  h  • 
duration  of  th»-  natural   lilV  <•!'  any  ]x-r- 

.t  particular  mr«-  i»  mutrriul.  tin-  stati*ti<   . 
known  a-,  ti  •  Mortality  an 

.inn./  thr  printing  «»r  sale  at  vulgar  ..r  in.lr 
cent  print*  or  paper*,  nhcetM devoted  to  talch 
an<l  l.l<H..U)l(xl  alone,  and  journals  that  make  a  spe- 
cialty of  this  Haw*  «»f  matter. 

lemeanoR 

iv-rmittimr  farm  laborers  to  file  liens  u] 
secure  payment  for  \\ork  <!• 

railroad  companies  to  provide  a  oj^^^H 
nunilxT  of  l-raki-ini'ii  to  man  trains  not  provided  \\ 
air  1' rakes. 

I'rovi.iiriir  '  1  government  uii 

pcrance  in  the  schools. 

iMUhiiiL'  «-ourt>  of  ronciliution. 
I'roviding  for  a  geological  and  naturul-hmtor 
vey  of  the  State. 

Creating  the  office  of  chief  State  veterinarian. 
Creating  a  high -school  board  and  providing  a  nys- 
tcin  «.f  hiifhi-r  education. 

:i.Hliintr  a  ^urnishment  law. 

Tin1    Governor    reduced   tho    appmpri..- 
made  by  the  legislature  to  State  instituti 
on  the  ground  tliat  tfic  amount  of  n  \. 
able  would  not  be  suflirirnt.      F.illnwin^  a 
summary  of  the  appropriations  aft«  r  i.  diK  t; 
Insane  Asylum.  $128,500 ;  I  YniN-nt  inry.  $^,-1 ' 
rnivrrsity.  $15.080;  Soldiers'    II. .1,, 
Agricultural  ('..liege,  $11,250;  Mayvill.-  N 
Srlmol,   $7,700;     Valley  City    N.,Vn 
$4.600:  Deaf  and  Dumb  School,  $ir, 
^70. 

Noimnvr.sT  TKKKITOIMI>  or  <  \N 

ADA.    Since  1888  these  Territories  hav  had  an 
elective  Assembly,  and  in  1890  th«   F.  «l,  r 
liament  provided  for  full  self-government 

l.cirislation.  •  -The  tifth  aatnon  "f  tin-  si-r,,u.l 
Legislature  of  the  T«-rrit«>ries  was  open<  «1 
gina  on  Aug.  2,  1894,  l>y   Li.-ut.-d ..v.  char 
Herbert  Mackintosh,  and  was  pror<  <p 
7.    Among  the  measures  passed  th-    following 
were  the  most  important  : 

Respecting  election^  to  tin  LcirMative  Asscn 

Respecting  the  formation  of  irrigation  dwtricts. 

Toamcixl  the  li<iuor-li<*rn»M'  ord'n.. 

To  prevent  tre«pa«8  in  pursuit  of  _ 

For  aiding  in  tin-  eonntruction  of  the  Wolseley  and    ' 

Railway. 
Respecting  exemptions  from  seizure  and  sale  tmbw  I 

Respecting  the  establishment  of  f 
Respecting  th.  profession  of  medicine  an-1  itii 
Relating  to  mortgages  and  sale  of  peraoi 
The  powers  given  to  the  North w. 
riesar  •  as  those  IK- Id  l-ytl. 

.:ni<Mi.  with  the  single  except. 
•it  t..  li.irrow  m"H.-y  upon  th»-ir  own  - 
Immediately  after  tt»prorogatif)ii  <>f  t; 
setnlily  t \\r  elections  took  place  un.lcr  i! 
ballot  regulations  and  with  iruTnuscd  represen- 
The  Premier.  I'.  \\'.  C.  Ilaultain,  was 
sustained  by  a  good  majority. 

Thf  first  session  of  th<-  third  Assembly  was 
opened  on  Aug.  29, 1895,  with  a  speech  from  the 


S  A  DA- 
H  ite 


import* 

Tb«  i».iitini"ii  !••/:. aii..-f.t  i  a.  BJ 
fUrlhwmt    Trmtoriee  art,  a  ivofnntallon  of  the 
11  t«e  meamary 


•tefca,  •***•*  TW  WatiT.  Pa*»  *  <**».» 

SS^^^^StSS 
Shfttfe^s-r-artt 


•    -•••-.      •.-•««    •     

mtortal  Exhibition  the  eotfim  la 
«*.  ela*jea  wart  doobU 
•h)a\«mr  provUooal  dutriot  ....inf^t...,'  ,...,-.... 
.-  enterprise.    Tbe  etock  parade  wa«  ad- 
flotJt  ever  made  In  any  part  of  the  Do- 
inoat  of  the  herd*  were  dUprvoi 
^^Krieea  to  protnlnr  i , 

.  -nrral  eaOMM  of  the  Territories  taken  by 
aajare/th*  l>.Hnini..ii«iox,nim.ilt.,.,'  x  Loth*  rev 
A  fratifyln*  incraxc  of  population  thro«^bo»* 
.noui  pn.vintonal  dUtrioU  ainoe  1891. 

number  of  ffthooit  ha*  noticeably  Increased. 
A*    i,  18H.  there  were  ISO  puhlii  ach 

MhooK^nTlO  BoSmbrtbo 


07J5I  arrw;  »be«j.  t: 

^^s^tsoas^^^ 

SSJI±2r«.rtL~ 


44  Koman  <  'athollo  pob- 


Tfc* 


11   Kofiuti)  *  Mtholic 
«f  pupil,  in  Aofuat,  18H.  waa  l^fM,  atxi 


&i 

»«»  •« 
in  the  afTrn>i->n.  at 


of$»4/WO.     In 
-miadon  ban  been  trratttol  tu  neTrral  dirtriflto 

• 

v  doe*  not  ojnwed 
• '.  rrpweentiiv  virtually  U»e  debt  of  the  Ter- 

Tke  DomiBfcm  Govwrnnaot  have  decided  to  MOM, 
unril.  .11  the  Territoriw  between  Alaaka 

aba^a  will  be  enlanreU  by  the  addition 
'.til,  and.  to 

> Hal,  under  the  «u»pi«>r»  »f  t)u<  \V..iiiatt 

' 
«Me  b«lWW  and  will  be  a  valuable  add] 


mile- of  nulw.f 

pnavvd  in  19IS  A 

gmaiwd.  of  IfO  Max  to  Mav«  U 

popoUtloa.    On  Hot.  HUM.** 

WodMTaMOMdoAcofxvuhA 


Wooian^i  Uovpiul 


lo  the 


wed  extremely  tueftil  In  poftkma  of  Alberta, 
•  Unrr  numbrrof  .lit.  he*  have  been  einXvplMi- 

llowinc.    U 
•  •Mttkm,  »Uh  irritftiuur  c*pi  .^  •-.--•    . 

jited  Sipt  80.  aftrr 


v  railway 
rnoMmand 

Hal     I  xhil.iij,,,,. 

i«  »CXXWI|*nJ^I  I'T  tbr 

MM!  other  I>o- 


B»tl»«Mp«ttMllMiMi 


NOVA  SCOTIA. 


that  through   it.  operation  our  coal  trade 


, . . .,.,.., 


from  Yarmouth  to  Lookpor 
Knitted  to  aim-ntl.  in  uii  mij«>rt«nt 
vspeotiuf  the  payment  of  - 

N!  ;     :-..-  :.  !••  •     •  ;    . 

r  railway  extension  ii> 
of  our  common   road*    You  will  be 
ral  proposed  amcnduienta  to 
J«  and  to  make  some  further 


.        .   .      .    ..      ,„ 

In  accordance  with  an  act  of  last  aemton,  arranjrc- 
»ea«J  were  made  for  the  uk 
MMnlsJsstio^oraftebie. 
Mtlaw  toe  liqaor  traffic  through  .ut 
Tmeiettrne  indicate a  tery s&ong  pu I . I . 
la  favor  of  prohibition.    Since  the  tak 
''•blsottS    the    dUtpUtcd    I--!!.1  lutivr 

of  the  Dominion  and  pn»vineiul  I.-/!!*!.,- 
_  ,_^tflfr  the  enactment  of  ptohibisoty  moaAuroM, 
ha*  been  decided  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  Canada 
Interim  which  place  the  aubject  beyond  pr- 
aathor 

P.  A.  Uwrrnce  was  elected  Speaker  of  the 
Assembly.  Dunn-  tho  session,  which  closed  on 
March  20.  the  principal  measures  passed  were 
as  follow: 

To  amend  the  Keviaed  Statutes  uOf  the  SoUinni 
ssthm  of  Marriage." 

To  amend  and  consolidate  the  acta  relating   to 


To 


liii  of  the  Reviaed  Statutes,  fifth 


To  amend  and  oooaoUdate  the  factor's  acte. 

For  amending  and  consolidating  the  act*  relating 
•  ...  ••, 

To  amend  and  consolidate  the  acts  relating  to  pub- 
lic instruction. 

To  amend  the  law  respecting  compulsory  educa- 
tion of  children  in  the  city  of  Halifax. 

To  amend  the  act  respecting  succession  duties. 

To  amend  the  trustees'  act*. 

Respoctin*  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors. 

To  regulate  the  closing  of  ahops  and  the  hours  of 
labor  therein  for  children  and  >:. 

To  amend  the  Nova  Scotia  judicature  act  (1884). 

To  amend  the  law  respecting - 

To  provide  for  the  formation  of  tho  Nova  Scotian 

To  amend  the  acts  for  the  encouragement  of  agri- 


rnmenl.  ielding,  who  has 

been   Premier  nnd    )'  -        tary  since 

18B4,  appealed  to  the  people  again  in  M 
19M.  and  was  sustained  by  a  good   majority. 
He  is  a  Liberal,  as  is  his  dnVf  1,-v.  „,„• 

1  r.-noral,  hut  they  nian- 

a«r  to  bold  t  '  i r  own  despite  the  province  I «ein^ 
sU«ttfr|v  Conservative  in  Dotninion  polities. 
The  other  members  of  the  executive  are:  I  in. 


irch.  Commissiotier  of  Works  and 
MioM.  Hon.  T.  .1.  -hi,  son.  H..II.  A.  II.  Corneau. 
and  lion.  •  mr. 

»«.~-ln  1HM  the  school  sect  i  n.nin,, 
:  the  seboob  in  operaiicm  wen 


•r  40  morr  th«n  in  the  preceding  rear.     I 
Mil  teacher*,  of  whom  4&  h 


ha.1 

to  normal  tchoolt.    Therr  were  «• 
•  in  UH?  common  anhools,  and  4,WO  ii. 

The  total  j  UTanu  for 

W0.436.  the  county  funds  expended 
«*W07  and  the  section  assessment  was 

or  $126,- 

fis*sw|«sv-.Thena»beTof  fbhermon  in 


Scotia  during  1894  was  5,907  in  vess< 
r»71  ii)  boats.    The  value  of  th 

wharves,  fi.-h  Kouses,  etc.,  was  $8,:>' 
ami  the  total  yi«-l«l  cf  tin-  H>lu-nrs  was  ^0.547,. 
887,  an  increase  in  the  year  of  $11 
•  •\jM.rts  of  tin-  jip'vini-r  in  \\^}\  \\fi. 
ami  the  (list  rihut  imi  of  tln-rai' 

n.  $100,48:*;  mackerel,  $485,2'.' 

.0.:M1  ;    hadd..rk.    $•!•' 
.    $1,5804,557;    hake.    $152.2L»o ;    , 
$175,108;  haliliut,   >  imelts,   *•• 

oysters.  $10,048;  mix  .-llaneous.  $52! 

ll.ilil.ix     I. \hiliition. 

Hi  exhibition   was  )idd  at    the   provincial 
eaj.ital  under  ti 
er\   .M  \diniral  Sir  .Inhn    Iloj.ki: 

ii  .n  (•..iii|iMv,.(l  of  men  in  t  In 
The    t.uildings  cost  $6.000,  the    , 
amounted  to  $5,778.    The  exhibits  of  I 
cattle,  sheep,  swine,  poultry,  fruits,  and  n 
were  good.    A  series  of  naval  and  militar 
•  •s  was  arranged,  which  la-ted  dm;: 
u..L     Tho  total  expenditure  on  the  exb^^H 
was  $19.1 

>lii|ipinir.— The  tonnage  carrying  in- 
out  of  the  pp. \iii.-c  in  1894  was  2,5" 
The  coasting  trade  in  1894  w:< 
a  slight  increase  over  the  iin-«-«-ilin^ 

Finances.— Premier    Heldin;;   dt'livcn 
l.ud-ret  speech  on   I-Yi-.    n.  isiir,.     The   , 
during  the  year  ending  Sept.  :io  had  been  fully 
up  to  the  estimate.     The  chief  items  wei. 
Dominion   sul.-idy    of    .fj:;-,'>i::  :    the    i 
from  mines  of  $242,657;  from  the  11.. -pr 
Insane.  ^4n.-lo:i:  and   from  the   \\'e-tcn. 

:  lilway  less  refund  of  $50,000  loan,  tlM 
021.     The   total    ordinary    revenue    was    s^\ 

The  expenditure  was  $862,84  J 
a  surplus  of  $25,870.81.    The  total   li.v 
were  given  as  $3.167,493,  and   the    asv 
$1,858.182.     The   estimated    revenue    f..- 
was  $888,083,  and  the  expenditure  > 

>I  inerals.— The  production  for  t! 

pt  -:().    1*!>4.  included    I!I.!»M»  .'.in. 
p.ld.  s: {.5 12  tons  of  iron  ore,  ',' 
coal,  and  an  export  of  gypsum  valued  at   $108,- 
171.      Much  Nova  Scotian  coal   u-ed 
I'nited    States.     During   tlio  years 
mission— from  1854  to   1888— this  export    ran 
up  from  i:«i.l2o  tons  to  404/J.VJ.     Since  ' 
hasvari.d  from  102,000  tons  in  18^ 
in  18JM.     Hut    the  production   has  steadily  in- 
creased.    The  numl»er  of  pcr.-ons  en.: 
inc  the  year  in  the  coal  mines  was  .1. 

Kail  wars.— The  year  1894  will 

for  the  acquisition  of  the  Western  (  oimtie> 
Railway  by  the  Windsor  and  Annap 
Company,  which  lines  were  imr-ed  un< 

•it  and  called  the  Domin. 
Railwav.    An  effort  was  also  made  • 

.d  and  traflic  to  tlic  western  shore  d 
of  the  province.  The  union  of  the  tw. 
mentioned  will  enal>! 

more  effectively  with  the  water  traffic  »•• 
Halifax  and  Boston,  and  Annapolis  and  St, 

During  t  •  .nth*  from  .Ian.  1  ' 

30,  1894,  the  Nova  Scotia  railways  carried  pas- 
sengers who  paid  $205,475,  freight  paying  $185,- 
605,  and   mails  and   sundries    paying  x 
There  were  825  miles  of  track  in 'the  pi 
on  June  30,  1894. 


OW ITAUIEH,  AMKUI 


-  -     •     : 


i   M:IIN     ill  1:1.   U     mi:    ,*»*.    i**,  ^  *«* 
Jam  Hjm.  .-lrr-rf% ••'•".  >-'"  '"  >  -'•  I' 


IUn  uiata"  o4T   ||M)  • 

TV*   it,    |Mt-*T    U 

.         . 


l«rt  u 

• 


ndorof  thr  \v.  • 

-»of     Urt. 

•.»nk  of  major,  hot  r*- 
lattxl  witb  htn  .  U-M.  at  llainil* 

..t  Aul>uni 
««>t<>rala  of  one  \iar  at 

»r»  At   Dunkirk.'*. 

ibb    om.    Thro** 
cbarvml  0.1* 

ihb 


•  -  —  - 

HBBMiV  •PHWr  Mai  •aUMvv  will,  MM   Mv^M«4fl^^^H 

•urvlu.  |o  divkW  aMMKtf  la»   k^.  Ml  .  i^  ,12% 

U  Gao«4  itti  bTwS^^.1  j>tw  m.a.  iCg 

•  rgymon  oVTbi     Uevtowa*  OovtrMr  oa  U 
of  UM  On-     Bbko|>.    TK*  Ian. 


>rrh. ., 


hlaW.  ***' 
•^^^•l    ^^w^Pfc     VI^V       f^"»^     !•••       ^^^ 

d  whh  hb    alytaJ  (*°««y»* |j»  >' 


.  Ai»7    Jota  J»J    n»val   officer,  born  in   I 


nan.lpr<£     P*      Al^  '     *  .rr^!         ^  .    -_  - ,  ^ 

JwBibV^    in  U..  Wlowi^  ,c«  .^^S^iTirfa** 

proonrkia*  *»V3«r»  w  iW  \-i 
n,    S^to^^^l^iWfMO^V^^. 

i    Ml    MMM«llB)|%» 


rtHwt  -> 


K'    "«t    WMH    •HTVVJ      WMU        : 

&SS«^H^*S3S^  Snfsftgas*1 •Sr* 
gSaSSaStiSSSSSS  SSS^i^SjS 

^^J[^lnth^«xi^iUootoP*nV«r.    D«-    aaid «•  Mi ^i^mW y»w< •  »>> Lli  \m  1^^* 
»^t  th*  ciril  war  t»  wWSSbid  to  the  -' --1 ^  .-M— 


Ml 


OBITUAKIEa  AMI  KI«  w(H)D-IULLOu.) 


.  iwv*< 
,<  the  ftmn 


llrl 

•m/  >l  neither  ON 
wa*  lo  dtecover  a  landlord  push 
wall,  then  to  appear  on  the 
at  UM  la*  moment,  and  end  t) 

•  .   .       ll.    !..,. i 

aritabto  worfca  En 

niiiui.  leathwas 

it  wan  wtinmN-d  l.y  the 

•  ••I  thi<  rvm  < 

.ll.ury. 

•fbtttftc  School,  and  worked  « ill 

-.      ;.-      .    .-..:!.   ,-,!,. 
.      -  .      •    -  ., 
design  t»r 
hall  in  San  Fraii- 

|..r  t 
'^.^  I  it"!     in    II 

trff*^^^ 

•  the   rout 1 1 

D  Springfield,  Ma>*., 

•  and  the  tirM   pri/.- 
Si  and 


wdai  li  had  lieen  in:»-lr  1-y  him  then-  \\;i-  v,  r\     :;;, 

thiaan<l     UnnroTemenl  to  be  auggealed.    li< 

able,  charitable  MH.  :i>  m- 

'K-cn,  wa«  a  im-n-   rhil.l  ill  ti  ;)..,   ,„ 

or  1  1  iv." 


l-uild  tin   <-itv  hall 
lyoke,  Ma*H. 


II.    Holyoke, 


UamiLVanderbilt, 

uti.l     \\illiam     1>. 

.    and     int.-- 

rior  decoration*  for 
tin-  residence  of 
Mr*.  Mark  ll-.j. 

Inl884ht-i:aiiii-<l  tin-  iii>t  pri/.-. 
-rtheBoeton  1'nl, 


Ubranr.tna  for 

'...   'V  •  .v       .  ,  ..:        !...-._'!.-._• 

MforMra.  Mark  HopkinsS  resi- 
in  Urcat  Barnn»fton,  Mai*.,  J 


eaee  n     rcat    arnn»fton,     ai*., 

•  •       ,-•-..  ...        ••, 
.....  .,,'. 


.,,..••.'.... 
:  July  1.  1893,  he 
cae    with  f>» 

of  the  World'*  Columbian  Kxfxmitiou,  and 
•       ,  „-.,•.-    £    Si    AM 

BrnMTof.  UM   I'emtyle,  the   terminal   atation.   tl., 
the  brkiiraa,  UM  roatral  column*,  the  Servic* 
.  and  many  minor  decorative 
i  MV»  of  him  :  -  Atwood  wan  tall 


-f  rl<*ant  figure  and  bearing'.  w it  I, 
raMriuble for  to beaut \  of  ..utlin.-.  Hi*  voice 
of  that  peculiar  quality  whi.-h  opens 
of  OP* heart  toita  poaWaaor.  Altogether, 
rw*  wa»  grateful  to  ones  love  of  grace  and 
»4  to  <«*%  sense  of  those  intangible  elements 
Mfcaadta  the  name  of  feoUtman.  From 
't.^nfhb  tod*f«dentcireer  la  wa.  much 
•^^d  m  monumental  works  thai, 
«•>•  of  arohh«taral  j-r ,  -  n 

"1  of  claasie  design,  and  al- 
«  r«r*M«4Ml)y  uAni  other  stylet,  his  successes 

.    •     •     «.r..  k 


««•  r«-  <  i.tive  to  ftmea- 

toi*.   I  bi  vrr  met  hi*  equal 

••*  iJh  hi*  left  hand,  an<l 

»*»/  «o»  and  rapid.   After 


Badeaa.  Adam,  nuthur,  l».-n. 

He  wa*  educated  at  private  nchoola,  m 

.•..ntril-ui..r   t..  lh.-  n»-v 

name  •  •  ifAboDO.11    II.   .  • 

M  an  ai.l  "li  tin-  Mali'..- 
man  in  lK(!2,and  wa»  w..m..l.-.i  in  an  :> 

military  mvivtan 

.mi  ooloneL    ll«-  ".-.•ui.'H.i  • 
18,  lbiJl«.  whi-n  In-  \va>  retired  with  th.    • 
tain  in  tin-  n-^ulurariiiN  .HP!  .•)'  i.; 
i-rul  nf  v.i)untci-i>.     In'  May.  isr.-.i.  |,,-  u 
necretnr  u  in  London,  u  I.,  r.  : 

Deoanilu-r.  \\ln-n    he  \s;i«   a-~iji:>.i    t»  <i 

»t'  diM'ati-lu-s  to   Madrid.      II 

conttul  m-m-ral  in  ' 

till    Si-t.t<-ti,  iMirint'    thi>   p.-r'nM|    i 

1  .iin    ..n    hi*    t<»nr  un-i, 
\\.-rld.    1-77  ':-.     In    V 
.-oiiMil  v'l'iirral   at  Havana,      hurii. 
In-  niadi-  charirrs  of  .-.irruption  11^;. 


r    Mil.!.tantiatinc  thru 
ollicc.     While  coiiMil  IL'I  mral  at  I,.>ii.l< 


the  aj'pointmrnt.-  of  minir-ti-r  to 

•imurk  (ISM),  l.ut  .leeline.l   Loth   n 
his  retirement    from  »tli<-e  In-   >ou^lit  to  re-< 
anii\.  claiming  that  hi.s  military  oilier 

ted  l'\-  pul'' 
controversy  that  was  not  hettled  till 

when  the  President  and  theSn-retary  o: 

that  .'  '  tin-  office  of  secretary 

tionat  I...|ido|;..,n  Ma.. 
taryot!i.-r.     In  Mar.-l.. 
tin-    e*tate    of  (,.  n.    (irant    for    ]  . 
alleired   to   have    heen    r«-n-.- 
preparation  of  hi*  m«-m..ir*,  out 
principal   pulilieation*  an-:  "The   Va^aLon,. 
York.  l-.V..   :  "Militar. 
. 

..nd"   (I8b< 

•it  iii  I'eaee"  (  ]  SS6). 
Bailey.  Joseph  Mead.  juri*t.  t.orn 

. I  line    -J-J.    ; 

II.-   was  graduated  at  the  ! 

• 

..!t.-rward.      In    I-M'.  "7"  he  \MLH  a  i 
ot'  tin-  Illinoi.s  I,ei_'i-latur<-.  in  1 877-'88  was  a  j '• 
the  SujK-ri'  •  ;  fr..m    l1--- 

death  \nu*  a  jn*t 

a    tru-t«-e   of  the    I 
and    !• 

lege    •  -ludire    Bailey     \vaw     \\ 

among  educators  because  of  his  efforts  to  ; 
legal  ediica! 

Baldwin.  Oharlei  Oandee.  iuri*t.  l.orn  ii. 
-::•»:  died   ii 

received    hi*  diploma  at   the    liar 

1867,  and  was  admitted  to  the  t.ar  in  - 

rame  year.     At  the  ti>. 

aiding  ju<l>:<-   of  the  circuit  coi 

-th   Judicial    I»i-tri<-t.     He  was  01 

>.f  the   W.-Mern   H«-»«-rve  Historical  fc>" 

nt  -in.-,-  1886. 

Ballon.  Maturin  Murray,  journal 
Mai*..  April  14.  I4"-'":  «li.-.'l  in  <-a 

educate*  1   in  the   Boston 

clerkships  for  several  years,  and  .  • 

on   Uie   weekly   "Olive    Brunch v   in    1888.     I 

became  editor  and  proj.ri.-t"- 
Pictorial'1  and  "  Ballou's  Montlily."  and  m 
large  building  operation*  in  the  b twine*.*  ; 


OBITUAKIKS,  AMERICAN.    (fount 


i    f  'i»any  yeej 

ii  .  •  .   -     .       -   • 

•*» 


.h  At; 

H  v,.     |    ... 

....  M«fl»»i 

TBOewnt,       ftm   Madical   AeMMlafJaa)  U» 

'     !  r*"**" 


•  •• 


.i..  !>  !..  mfcnn 

Mitel   aw  ii 


^i!     M^^relneb^hi 

•iO.madelafveM 
4erado,Ti 

tMBpamiuu  aiitl  •11(1-     Brew,  of  MOMMM,  , 
iMiMmaaftUanti.     „,. 

"    i^ir  niaajluie 


ui.1 

• 


i*.;dUdtoftr~*l,a,*  T, 

HB\.   lie  WMa«m«rflk»  aV«    I L^_.  _*-    _ 

«"•«•  «^"  .••*•••  aweaejer 

«ber  of  iWfcV  **fciAir. 

•led  at  Yale  Gallae*  am  lam     AaW 
Uutfht  if 

5-lool*soifir  •  ir* Ul-  •* 

dorer  and  New  llavrt 


•:    "    •         . 


of  th« 


of  Daniel  Wehater,  who  appointa!  him  a    IITIl'anil [  iam  ganinf  ajfcai  of  iW 
«8enatoltheaaooodoneitTadhad.    From     bt "  in  I84»-<ML    In  liM  b. 


inlHy.n..n,|th.tho  |,»l  never      , 

*    tiffS^£2Lnri  b^*wtiubl^S!lJL 

: 


waa  iaefead  by  lib  bjdfaMU 

Clam  Doty,  .uthor.  born  in   Ann   Harbor,     freedom* lE pre-rSuTUe 

•i  Alton  in  IttT  lie  aided  te  f 

-   !,r    ha]  bOOh    S   im,    •      • 


»tdM  bj  ,-»,,.«,...  I     .-.-    :;       ...    v.   -. 

r^^^^^^^^s 

'.rr..,",!j--.;-:,  i:,;';:,,',:: 


/•ConW"    aaaaap«Ma1«ief  •! 

.•c.ii;and-KnHull«uf.     meJ 


Lhliadbenprlnotpany 

•he  Battell 
••  r«vJ 


ral  tenm  in  th«  Ixywl^urr,  wm  m  delo-     the  Kb 
nnorticut  in  1M*.    He  waa  deeply  inteV-     BoHM 


ttJIr. 


MtaoationaLand  Humanitarian  work*.    It    to  the  IV^**  af  Olto. 

feMf*d  that  the  g)(b  of  himeelf  an.l  family  to     Alton  Pete*  (Cl aria iili.  lt»):  *  Baltii  a  '  t»  l» 
College  amejatoJ  taoOjOOO.    Other  *ift»  were     non  and  M^i  '-    «  Y-a*,  l*> 


X)  to  the 

ana  ohi 


•     >. 


:.;t.-.i 


1.000  to  the  ton*  UUnd  HUior  ,  New  Y«lft,  !«•• :  -TW  f 
me*  of  hell*  toVale  an*l  n«hrr  t«m.  1  *W . ;  end  •  llbanry  ef 
i  larite  collection  of  painting  by  t»v»l 


••  ; 


ounTAKIKS.  AMERICAN.    (BBNTLBY— Hit. \YM.\V  ) 


tall*.  Hear?  H,.  electrician,  bon 

|         -.          ..    ;     •   .     V   , 

•  vr;t<:  -••'"  ; rr 


. 

.,,., 


....  •  •  - 

II, <     IM 


l-rn    in    Dutchww 
N    ^ 

York     c;1 

qiwoUy  ocnalMd  the  New  York  C'it.x  an.i  Sul.url.an 
.       ....        ,.„  i      ..-.:   on    it*    failun 
Uwni  thr  plant  and  oporaU-d  il  HKvnwfully.    I 
the  flr*i  wrkinir  c«i.lc  under  •  Brook- 

Un.  and  «wUbluh«i  a  nuiiaye-de 

.  n  -    ...-•  and  ll  -  .-•  i. 

branch 
health  fin 

>!,.(   r  Phila- 

delphia,   He  became  «••:  nnocted  with  in.- 

-  Philadelphia  ln<|uirrr."  uti.l  wan  - 

civil  »ar.     After  the  war  he 
built   Iwal   |iriviit« 
t-.ttlM    1'hila 

Tel«rraph  Company;  and  we*  made 
n«a<iletil  nfil    •'  Hi 

an<l  of  the  Bell  Telephone  Oompen; 


Company  an< 


ttaftak  George  A*n.  jurist,  born  in  Concord.  Vt.. 
Apnl  *&.  18S6;  .1  Littleton,  H 

1*6.    He  was  educated  in  h  ait  ad- 

mitted to  the  bar  Meticcd  in  Lyndon.  Vt.. 

till  18&*,  and  then  ren.  .ton  :  and  was  a 

-  .    •    •    .     .       .-•    •  •   N.  ,\    Hampshire    in 
IfJIt-'SO  and  1*84-^1.     Judge   r.ini'hnni  wax  .. 

•  -  r»t  in  poliUes:  served  each  in  t).. 

flaa  sin  and  the  Lower  House;  was  a  delegate  to  the 
National  Deroocr. 
aa  unsuccessful  candidate  for  < 
Tilth  AaMS  Bbspard.  manufacturer.  l--rn  in  1 

:    in    Watcrl.ury.  <  ,,nn.. 

Feb.  18,18*.'..  He  Iranicd  and  practiced  denti>tr\  : 
nuperintendent  in  the  La, 
-\V»;  and  at  Uie  beginninir  of  the  ci\il 
in  manufacturing.  In  the  winter  of 
he  constructed  the  iir-t  !<H-.. motive  ever  seen 
^  Kntrland.  designed  to  illustrate  the  pr 
bilitv  of  travel  by  railroad,  and  larve  .  i,..\i.'h  to  carry 
i*ooa  at  a  tame  around  a  hall  on  a  circular 
This  engine  was  <-\hil>itcd  throughout  the 
ttes  by  Asa  Harriti.-  n.  Dr.  Blake  pro- 
It  patents,  and  in  1865  onrani/.ed  the  firm  of 
Blake,  Lamb  A  Co.  to  nianufactun-  under  them. 
Darin*  the  cm  I  war  he  superintended  the  manutac- 
tsjrs of  perpsjaaioo  caj*  •  •  :n.  nt. 

He  waa  for  three  terms  a  nu  •  Legtalatare 

ofc*oon«ctieat 

Bete.  Jaam  inhlaana.  educator,  liorn  in  Hlandfopl, 
Ma^,  Jan.  T..  l-i:,:  .-!ltfll.  HI.,   i 

IHft.    to  youth  he  removed  to  Hartford,  Conn.,  to 
learn  the  tailor's  trade ;  was  there  converted  and  li- 
6  First  Baptint  i'hur.-h;  wan 
-to;  and  wits  im- 
J  a  tutor  of  ancient   lari. 

•  be  went  abroad  to  study  ;  in  ;-• 
flaaw  Pmfassui  of  the  «  /ual-e  and  I 

i«w  «  the  Univmity  of  Michigan ;  iifl868  Ux.k  t  he 
-m.  chair  tnthr 

or  of  New  Te>t 

I  DiOOTheolouM.-al  Semil 
th.  eslaMiahmeot  of  the  new  DoTverr 
«a«»  N  w»  made  Proftaaor  Emeritus  of  New  Testa- 
tlratk.    lie  ediud  several  classical  text-books 
.and  published"  Notes  "on 
iana,  Romans.  Ephesianit. 
Philipplan.r 

in   Wawhingtor 

»he  WM  a  dautfh-  leatant 

•        ,th,and  s 

9gf  Omker,  who  marriM  Frederick  P. 
8fce  made  her  fimt  appearance 
*•  A-namhw >  at  iho  Park  Theater 
•avrbd  David  P.  Bowerm  th« 

r  •  •nd  appeared  as  Donna  Vic- 
i     A  IMM  tttaaita  fc»r  a  lltisband  "  at  the  Wal- 


At  tin-  .!.»<•  ••!"  il 

r    111.'    An-li     Mrrrt    '!' 
tinned    till    her  hu^l-and's    .leath.  in    1 

..lit    fhi'    !nuli;i-«'l     tlu      \\  :iiuul    8|fl[ 
:  \\«.  \ean*  and  the  I'hiladelj 

•t.  r  )M-ri->.l  ;  uuir  • 
Italtinion  ;  ati<l  in    1--.1    made  a   i 

Kutrland.    Her  perfonnanoe  M  Jol 

-.idli-rV  We! 

aim)  pluyrd  an  • 

MI  Theater,  laru'ely   irii-rea-in^    I 
••  U  ..  111:111."      In 

turned  t"  t!  Xatr.H  ;  iila\r«l   uii 

at   the    Winter  (iardeii.   New  Vofk  ;  in.. 
death  of  her  second  hu-i-and.  .1    • 

•  ated  \\ilh  him  i 
j>  ;    and    retin-«l    for   - 
•_':uii/i-d  :i  ni'W  ilramatie  eoin]iati\ 
Boyeaen.  Hjalmar  Hjorth.  nutlior.  • 

V«rk 

'.Kluati-d   n' 

•iaiiiain  \**\*;  eaini-  t"  tin-   I 
in  April,  !-•  r  makiiiL'  a  tour 

land,  went  to  Chicago  and  I- 

Whih-  in  thi.K  phi 

Dosed    the    hoMil:- 

•-1    edueation    in 
|.ur|K.se  o! 

in   the   Knirli>ti   1  the   d^^H 

Latin  and  Creek  in  Irl-aiia  l'ni\. 

..1    hej_'an    h'm    Hi 
<-oinj.K-tin^  it  he  .-pent  a  \  ear  in  j-i 

I.cij./  ;  pointed  rrofeax 

at   Cornell    I'niv.  r>it\  .  \\  here   he   • 
when    he  wa>  called    t««   the  chair 
gua£C*  an<l  Literature  in  Coluiid>; 
eupied   this  chair  at   tin-   time  ••!' 
In  view  of  hix  t-mineir 
faculty  have  made   hi>   three  M>H« 
Mis    pulilieations    include: 
York. 

u  Tales    from    Tw..    Ilemi^pliero  v    \\\- 
>78);  u  Goethe  an.  IS,  i 
"Ilka  on   the    Hilltop 

\     DauuhtiT   of  tin-    I'hili.-tii 
i-::   :  "The  8tOl 
ern    Vikinirx"    .  l.ss^);    "The   I.i-ht  oi 

Mammon  of  Dnnghteonaneai 

.iy"  (1892);  "  A  Commentary   mi   I 
ofHenrik   I 
hom-ttcs"  (1894  >: 
and  u  Kr*!-a  .'.na\  iali  1.  I 

Brayman.*  Mason,  lawyer,  horn  i- 

lied  in  Kan-as  City.  MO..  1 
He  was  l.rou.'ht  up  on  a  fann  ;  was  ;. 
the  printint'  >>usinoaH;  became  c<l  BuiBdo 

-Mull,  tm"  in  i»»34:  and  wa*  admitted  • 

year*   afterward.     Knnoyinir    to    Monr- 
served  a  term  there  an  city  atton. 
came  editor  of  the  Louis  vi 

.-:iel,l.  111.;  and  in  1843  waa  a; 
a  special  coniini>.»ioner  to  adjust  tl 
culticf*  lit    Nauvoo.     11 
chanre  of  the  pro8ccution  of  offences  ar 
dillicultie.H.  and  conducted  the  negnt 
the  withdrawal  of  the  Morni 
ing  1844-  '4ft  he  wan  employed  in  r 


•    !'•••••  »V    ^IIC      VT  •!• 

Tbeater,  Philadelphia,  a  week  after  her 


uten"  of   Illinois  by   appo 

and  Legislature.  till    !--'.! 

ettted  in  railroad  con-tni<'ti»n  and  • 

of  the  time  an  attorney  of  the  111;: 

panv.    In  1861  he  entered  the  national  :=• 

of  the  2&th   Illino 

colonel  in  tin;  following  year.    Subse<. 

detailed  aschief  of  staff  and  a»hi 

«-.ral  t  -  ii-niand  :  took  part  in  I 

Hflmont.  Fort  Doti'-Uon.  and  Shiloh;  and 

moled  brigadier  general  of  volunl 

rei      ed  1 
an  Dorn  on  Bolivar,  Tenr. 


"LiTUAUlKS.  AMKKK  AN.    (Bftl««A»_Bra*) 


Mb.  Arthur 
of  a  ve  •oiw 

m  h  •--• 

.     .:....        - 

. .    «.-.-• 


;.-   •   v  - 


lhc  newly  organim! 
Seminary  at 


al  Ou< 

Mini  in  >Vw.  .  ~~_ 
irlphia ;  and  wae 

f,  ..'i,     :.-.-.     n    \\ 

rwt«>r  «•!  .st. 
;     '.,,     ..-:.--    • 
rkcity.     I»r. 
MwbUabad  a  volume 


r.  IX  I«*T 

•    - 

•radio*  M 

•BdMb»aa»i.    la 


••»«  new*  and  M  amtri    In  tlMt  yea*  W  a*a4»  *- 

I'hillii-  laodjo^n^y  toiWor^r^Tinix;.  ii     taaj  U^ex 

ftttft          ll^k  t^»Va%     I  *     aVv^MBM^afl     llaMam    «^ai    a^a%    alflnMa^a^aV   aVaVBfla^lHla^a> 

fPO^        llw  affNiO    ^*  vV^M^HHa|  H^HV    *^»    ^aw    ^ 

»•%.!    »-.  .•     VMM    1*ial  •!.!•••  ••  II*     W««a^      AA     Ar«ft»    ^M    ^    t^ 

.. '      .  . 

iHlillill  M  of  ifce  T«ff4««WI  Quafaa  M.  w  a 


J.  UM;  died    :.   !  .  •  •".>-:-•      N    J 
sh,  .«,  «  daofhui  ...   h  •    !:. 

Iliam  II   !'.'•••> 

wiw  if  r*viiitti*^l  At  ,\  Hoott  F1 

.  m  lammagai  and  ronMc 
1  on  rrturnin*  Mttlvd  iiTRoekfoni.  III., 
rht  l«n»ru«tf.*  in  the  aomlnary.  and  or- 
«rvatory  of  mimic  and  • 
f  FlWi,  the  otlirr  for  moaie. 
r.  Blown, and  noon  afterward  ah«  aprnt 
r>  forritfn  tm> 

:4,    •  ..     ".     :     I'-  •   •        • 

l*%  in  1888)  and  on  the  ofvanlMHon  «»i 

'cvleration  of  Woman'*  I'luK*  in  IMQ. 

\  t^ar  arvrral  ft  aier 

Md  another,  ami  wan  appointed  chair- 


ttc*  on 


nlSin    AK1KS.    AMKKICAN.     (CALK1K*-COO8WELL.) 


N     \   . 


A,  educator,  born  in  tiainesvUle, 


. 

l«s&.  He  bc^rnn  teaching  when  eighteen  >  .  ai>  old, 
ami  frtitT*'1'  princi|««l  «•«  the  central  IH-II.--I  in  ins 
native  t.-ut.  In  . 

....    •        -    .          .      I'    .  -      !,.....  ;,!,..    Ill   ||||. 

ami  Uvan.' 
"  and  engaged  In 
WM  elects 


atstaat  Superintendent  <>it  i, .  Public  School*  of  New 
York  oil*  in  Itt*.  and  1 

i  •-..--;•       1871,  i..   wan  instructor 

...      .;:-..;  .,  <    ,-t    ..|u,  atK-li    in    t!,. 

Saturday  Normal  x-h—l.  and  in-m  i^;i  till  1«*8  was 

,    M.lh»dnnd  I'' 

School  of  •  ll> 

publications    indu.fe    ••  i'rima 

-  II  •«  t..  Teach."  in  conjunction  with  Henry  Kiddie 
and  Thuma-  i 

N.  ••  ">  •  rk,  I8ol    .  and  ••  Prom 
BMbo.nl  • 
flaapiill  Jaatea  H..  la«\.-r.  i-rn  in  WUliamaport, 

II.  «as  graduated  at  the  <urli.dc  Law  School  an.l 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1H41 ;  was  a  delegate  to  tin- 
Whig  convention  in  Baltimore  in  1M4;  and  waa  a 
Republican  Represent*:  ma  in  l.s.'»,V67, 

•  .•      :.::.'   ..mn,  :•--  -     n    1   ..-'.    M~  an  ! 

tic  Railroad,  being  chairman  of  tl 
In  May,  1864,  President  Lincoln  appointed  him  : 

•  •  •-     i.  !;t  i    3w<  l« !,.  where  be  eerred 

Oaator.  Bubal  actress,  born  in   i  &  pt.  1". 

PhUadel] 

•he  United  States  in  1888, an  first 

here  the  same  year  at  the  Chatham  > 

.    .  1.1,-r  \Vallaek. 
entiy,  she  played  for  many  years  in  nupport 

•  n-t.  Bdwio  Booth,  and  other  a- 
distinction,  and  made  her  last  appearance  at  the 

•  .  \-   ••     .'.  .  r.  at  B,  •  .IM,.  188ft 
Oarr.Joaspb  Bradford,  military  officer.  Urn  in  Alhany. 
:;.-i   in  Tn-  •  k  'Jt. 

o«tved  a  common-school  edneut 
came  a  cigar  manufacturer,  entered  the  militia  as  a 
private  in  IMS',  and  was  commissioned  colonel  of  the 
Mlh  Regiment,  July  10, 1859.    At  the  begin  K 
the  civil  war  he  volunteered,  and  on  Mav 
waa  commissioned  colonel  of  the  2d  New  York  In- 
tantry ;  eight  days  afterward  he  left  forth.  fr..nt ;  and 
oa  the  Mth  he  established  camp  at  K-.r:  M  ... 

••••••••••   an.n  oa  v*li  rinin  MiL 

••    •    •   -      -••       •   r,  •  Betbef;  wai  • 

duty  under  Gen.  H- 

IBM  Jem  ^  brigad 


,& 


mni9  at  the  <• 

;  and  WM  promoted  brigadier  u 
Sapt  7, 18«S,  for  gali 
i-  ••   «  Station,  ManaW,<  hiumlh 
*Wttbonr.. 

•A  hih  commendation  11  .a. 


lution  in  (irtlcial 
•as  killed  under  him*. 

«a»  lolml  by  ,t.  fall,  hut  refused  to  le«, 
Jd.   lnMay,18i«,heactodaaadiTWooe 

• .  command  of  the  3d  division 
o5th.4U>rorpm,Btthe  head  ofwi 

Mine  Run.    After 
transferred  to  the  command 
anrnck's  (9d)  Corps,    Su tim- 
er Gen.  Butler  on  the  outer 
peninsula,  aa  division  com- 
•.  and  as  commander  of  the 
Ha  was  bre vetted  major 
r*.  June  i,  I6«ft,  for  meritorious 
1  »r.    After  the  war  he  mcajmd 
i  Tr  -T.  N.  Y.    He  waa  appointed 
»^M  DirWoo,  National  (fuarda 
»n  Janttary,  1^57,  and  rendered 
'tete  dorinc  the  railroad  r 
Had  fiamajj  of  State 


York  in  1879,  1881,  and  1888.  in  th.  Ian 
the  onh    Republican  *>n  the   smtr  ti,  , 

lie  waa  defeated  tor  I/u-uicn.. 

•!  .    raatoJ  lli.    K'.  |.ul.li.-an  ti.-U.  t. 

Obeney.  Benjamin  Pierce.  cxpri-Mnan.  ) 
.    •    \\  , 
June  tt#,  18Vf>.    lie  rocci\.  -I  a  >»n 

ahop; 

Keene  and 

Boaton  agent  of  the  ataifi  cfnnpaii> 

uoction  \Mi- 

he  eatahliMhcd  t) 

between  Bo««t<>n  an.l  Montreal.    Thi-  \\«u.  ul>< 

tfiiit«>rury  with    llnrn-liiiV  an.l   A«lanih'h  U-L- 

in  tlit-  MOM  liiii-.     Tin 

over  the  Boston  an.l  I.  ad  HA  far  n 

tlicn    I.  nil! 

team  to  Mont}.«  li,  r.  Vt..  then  l>y  r.tn^<-  i 

and   nnnlly    »>\    i  • 

BOOoaiaof  tilUl  lim-  MMHI  !<•<!  t«nh.    • 

•  lit'  "in-.  \\  hi.-li   ran  over  tin-    Kit.-hl.i,' 
road  to  I'.nrlinirt.  i  M     • 

i  at'ti-rwair-  ;. 

other  :  nurd  tin-  United  stat« 

M|-any.  \\liirli  <-.,\,-n-«l  thr    ; 
lji_'land  States  with  nuiny  I.  ran.  -In  -.     <  ' 

i-orporation.  he  wat  pn-pr'n  t.  r  an.i   j- 
till  1881.  when    it    I.e.-aine   a    part   oft),. 
press  <'«.inpan\.  «•«'  whieh    Mr.  «  In  iir\  wn»»  li 
and   the    larLpe>t    .-t«H-kholder.      li- 
the fortune  made  in  the  express  !•• 
enterpri>es.  ami  left  an  estat- 


' 


He    IxMjiicnthcd    >  t..   the    N! 

(Jencrai  Hospital  an.i  the  Ntntwachusett- 

Te.-hlioliijry  ;    *;,.IHNI    each    t'.    the     1 

\rt-.'tlie    Kin<ler^art«-n    for  • 
Munker   Hill    MOIUJIIH  i 
<•hil.li 

the  Relief  of  D«-.-titut«-  ClerLr\  ma: 
to  18  Boston  loeal  ehariti.-    'in  all.  ?7  i 
he  had  presented  the  State  with  the   hroti/e  f' 

Daniel  Webater,  at  ron«-,,r.i.  N.  II. 
Chittenden.  Henry  Abel,  men  -hant.  l..-n. 
April   -J1.',  }»]*'•;  died  in   Moiiteh, 
23.  1895.    He  began  his  Kiisin 
subsequently  removed  t<.  Hartford,  and  . 
came  assooiated  with  his  hr< 
<  hitteii<len,  in  the  wholesale  dry-goods  bu^i 

itV.      In  earh  life  he  adopted 
views  of  Will  lain  Miller.'  and  was 
the  second  advent.     He  was  e\p«l 
nell's   ('..nirretrat'x.nal    ehureh    in    Hart'- 
becauae  of  liis  reliLriouH  expreaaions.  on  wlii.-l 

••  A  Reply  totheCharL'«-<-f  I! 
slavery  movement  enlisted  hi*  )  • 
and  he  won  eonsp'u-uous  aniontr  it>«  lead.  ' 

was  the  indivj.l 

Wasliin^'ton.  I  ».  «'..  i.,r  six   \.ar- 
ehureh  dedicated  to  ti  • 
slnverv  .juestii'li." 

Oleodenin.  David  Ramsey,  milita- 

'.•r  County.  1'a..  .lun. 
II  L,  March  5,  1895.     II- 
lege;  was  coinmissione.  1   major  • 

rv;  served  through  the  eivil  war  with  ti 
Mio-t    of  the    tin.- 

tnanding;  W60Dirnissioned 
Cavalry,  in  Januarv.  1  ^'-7  :  i 

Oct.  29,  18«8;  and  was  retired  on 

•    .!.  riendenin  UK.! 
prineii  t   thr-    \r 

and  was  brevette<l  l»r  rat 

Oogiwell.  Panons  Brainard. 
niker.  N.  H..  .Ian.  I'M.  iH'jh:  died  ii 

and  learned  the  print  1-  in  the  ofl 

of  u  The  Independem   I»«  m-.'-rat  '  an-: 
Hampshire  Patriot  "  <1847-'52).     On   M 


AU1K>,  AV 


riM^m^^/^^MQ^    &^^£?*f*iS!*£'^ 
to  (VncmU.  with  whtefe  h«  mm  euni*«t<»l  »  Mil** 


.liH-aii..n  in  l-.v. .an.  I 
JttvnL     llewaaa 

rtu> 


,  K 


!    rim 


• 

.I-*  a     and  »»      tin  n^d  i 

•wtali-'d    a   fi»«  in'-cr     •!    (li<* 


. 

-«.  M4    iM 

.!M««^    kk&    -*—  A 
•r™1"'"  "^  *  ^^fmj  t  ^^W  WWH  •••  •••• 


inn     llwru-n'.     •.lii.iiu.inili.4i.       Mr 

lo   Eoit»ptJW§-7»).  and     M>d  iMfodw^  ll- 

•bed  In  hook  f..n..  uixlcr  ihe     thr  0rM  M 


•  M    \    fn.ii,  I>»rtii>outi  ,  «M|  «f  HM  V«.«i.Zl  I 

AMWI,  1M»,  WMJjid  «*r  •  1  r    j  M? 

*  •»•  ~  fu7r«Hta»v;  • 

«MMllJlf  *nf  niTif  ~f  r  M 

iaaaf  kka^U*;  «*4 
.*«   and  IMMBV«4  10  > 

^t  iWPij,  ^|.lM,ll^ 


aiu«.  ,.,«  ItnMlftmi,  Mva,     AMWI,  1M 

"  :*  •»•  ~ 

t.-k  .   .ni«l  .-ur^-  .t  l>.rti.K«a  CoD          mm  «MMll 


•VBtfr  •n>uml  thr 

•N»r.t    Law  Soli...  I   in    I---      In      t).. 


MHOdoftll^abrifl  .    *>.l 

h*  aec«mnini«d  G«o.  8h«m»«i»  «4M.  Md 

frk  to  the  M*.    .\n*r  the  ww  he  r»om«d  Uw     obtenr  to  - 


;  took  a  |«rtUl  o.iinK-  at  th« 


xUniiia;  •otarwl    eooMMAdtd  HM  «Hnn  «f  • 
die    mintelvy    of    ID  AriUHM*  H«w  aftd 

the        l*n  .    ,    ... 

•ad    M  ••••!!    in 

. 

cilt8mh* 


•M     MMM       I  »»  Ml 

iA  «,  .„  i 

a    chM    of    ttmrof  i 


dMftfc,  m-kitHf  M    *»  • 

OJM  of  tb*  »ol*d     iniiilMH«flfc» 


of  ih,  country  .n,l 


m«rTnn.iv  .ollnr*,  IUrtf-.nl.  »< 


.rt   OoUaM.  (Jf-nova.  hut   he  de«ttMd 

••»  pablic-whool  .rrtrm     1 
Jjd  U»e  dc«n> 

*gw»at»,«-  •>,„„  Y:I:,  .     . 

•°*wtj  OoMtna,  lrvlai)>l.  in  1819:  died  in  N«  «  York 


.— 


olUTt  ARIES,  AMERICAN.    (Corpse— DAVIS.) 


nine  and  draughting  of  steam  vessels  and 
..  M  well  M  in  all    i  ho    iiisiuu.. 
uftlii  business  M  then  known.    After  thin 

-*••— •***!«*; 

m  lUnAnd.  «od  JaUniil  «n" 

101  U7iff«fftao 

pUnt  of  its  kind  in  II,,. 


T%re.  ysar.  alX^ward  ho  beoame  eonatructln|r  en- 
fineerilhe  United  Slates  navy.  During  the  Hexi- 
eanWar  b.  fitted  out  for  the  Ooveromentthe  steamers 
•hat  WM  known  M  the  -  mosquito  fleet" 
.....  oils*  .-i  thi  -  M:- 
and  the  -Michigan"  for 

Lake  Brie,  Ike  Utter  being  the  first  iron  steamer  ever 
•Md  for  naval  service:  and  also  the  machinery  : 

i"  and  «8waittehamW  ...  »h..-h  he  mtro- 
le  resigned  this  office 


In  18ft*  he  WM  an  expert  i 

ittec   having  in  rharge  the 


UM  bill  be  WM  for  nine 

apeetor  fcr  the  New  York  district    During  th 

war  ke  altered  and  fitted  steamers  for  service  on  the 

etersof  the  South.    After  the  war  he  WM 
and  superintending  engineer  to  the  United 

htnowaBoafd  and  to  the  Norwich  and  New 
York  Transportation  Company,  for  which  he  designed 
UM  steamer* 
and -City  of  Worcester.'* 

OajBts.  Bevy,  educator,  born  in  Savannah,  Ga.,  Oct 
llTHtl ;  died  in  Bet).  .  March  22,  1895. 

II*  WM  of  French  West  Indian  parentage ;  WM  a  stu- 
dent Ibr  one  year  at  Vsle  College;  studied  engineer- 
in*,  and  WM  employed  on  the  construction  of  the 
Georgia  Central  Keilroad  from  Savannah  to  Macon. 
In  IMA  be  WM  graduated  at  West  Point  and  assigned 

•         :.-•."•     ._-.'.  •    •    M.  x     im  \N:ir. 

rmivin*  the  brevet  of  captain  for  gallantry  at  Con- 
.rubuflcoanda  vote  of  thank «  fr-m  the 
From  the  cloae  of  the  war  till 


Qeofraphj. 

m  issl  till  l  -;o 


Ethic,  at  West  Point:  from 
haaor  of  English  Literature  and  UUtory  at 
University  of  Pennsylvania:  from  18M  till  1874 
i  President  of  Uhigh  University,  which  he  had 
1 ;  and  from  18?4  till  his  death  WM  Professor 
ire  and  History  and  of  International 
Uw  in  thst  institution.    Since  the 
of  Dr.  LamberVMi  he  had  also  been  acting  presi- 
W«*  of  the  imiv*r  ,ppee  WM  appo7nted  a 

•5-M  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  in  1874:  WM 
el-eted 1W  Conms  in  1880 and  1886 ;  and  WM  United 
JtaatasOeaMntaloaer  on  Oovemment  Assay  ol 
to  UN  so- 1     -::      n,.  VM  editor  of  the  « United 

,  of  a  trst. 

i-       •    •    .•      ....    -       |K,;.J    . 

•A  .-      :-::   . 


VlMiTTfwfiSofftkSng,- 

--.,  .-- 

«»;-  Manual 

n»**e  in   Christian  Centuries1* 

..      ..-"     >,..;    ; 


1      Mp  -' 
iTUfeof 


am       t 

ro«fb  the 


of  a  company  enlisted  in  Alexamlr  •.  r»i, 

foniia  in   184»-'57;  and  WM  engaged  in  l-ai 

..iriu  till  the  beginning  *>r  tin-  ri\ii  •,• 

•     . 

•MM.  MI.  \\ith  \v  Inch    In-  i-Mtcn-<l  tl 
federate Mrvicc.     lie  WM  engageil  m  tl 
Hull  Run,  wheru  ho  wan  w< 
iin  ;    \VUH  promoteil    1  i 


!«.      taken   j»ri»*nnrr  nt    Sail««r'.s   Cr..U.  \  a  .  April 

J. \l\tr  tin-  war  he  rcMinicd  IninK 
Ooze,  Sanaa!  Haaaoa,  clergy  man.  i  m  m  M 


181V;  died  in  Utica.  N 
1896.    lie  WM  tho  second  eon  of  the 
Han*  i 

man,  and  a  brother  of  Biabop  Arthur  < 
(the  brothers  adopt.  ,1  an  older  six-llinu 
WM  brought  iip 

-.,|  . 


Proteatani  Kpi-.-.,|  . 

Att.-r' 

<s  charges  ti 

he  became  •  I  i-inity   <  '). 

where  In-  rnnainc.i  i.-r  more  than  • 
iiuirriril  a  KXM  Conklinffi 

Orofier.  Robert.  juriM.  l..,rn  in  «»|,i,,  in  : 
Leaven  worth.  Kan..  '».-t.  ~.  \  **'.•:>.     II.  w< 

..rlv    in    I'.I. 

T.-rritorial  Council  in  1857-'68  :  IM-I 
an  United  States  Att.>rn.-y  f..r  tin-  l»i>tr. 
WM  elected  Chief  Justice  <>t'tlir  Mipr.-n  . 
State  in  1864  ;  and  in  1878  served  part  of  a  j^^H 
tin-  United  States  Senut.  . 
Cullman.  John  Gottfried,  benefactor,  bom  in  ! 


STM  captain 


(M-rinunv,   in    ls-j.'»;  tlittl  in   Cullinan. 

iiriii-  t«.  tin-  t  Hit.   ; 
Ciiu-intiati  i  .IK!  tln-n  !•»•_-. 

man  Unm%rantK,  M  -it  ling  over  10,000  familie.- 
liama  uloiic,  ami  making  l'"'   phi'1'1   "I    -• 
"I"  the    tranh-ii    >j"it-    i't"  t!;> 
created  an<l  namc.l  after  him.  and 
Cullinan  was  foun.lc.l  m\,\  made  the  eounty  H  :. 
colonists  are  engair«-d  in  fruit  <-ultir 
ture,  and  maniitactiiriiiLp.  and    support  two 
II>.TS.       Mr.    ('nllniaii    had    • 
•nittii  Iintnitrrati'in  Soeiety  ..I'  Ala! 
e..tnplftc-<l   arrunireiiu-ntJ*   for  nettling  another  large 
|MH!V  of  his  eoiintrynien  in  that  State. 

DabolL  David  Austin.   pul»lis)ier 
<  "nn..  in   l^l.",  ;  died  there  .Inly  s.  18'.' 
-raiid-.m  »f  Nathan  Dal>o||. 
and  piihlishcd  the  tir>t  niimher  "f  the  "  v- 
Almanac  ^  in  ITTii.  an-i 
who  wa>  joint    author  with    hi^    fi 
Arithmetic"  and   lii- 

aliuanw.     The  tir>t  nuin'iK-rof  the  altnanac  '• 
pared  under  the  old  oaken  ?•••")'  of  the  I  > 
and  <-a.-h  si  'iil.er  ha*  i 

-iiK-e.     ])a\id  t«H«k  up  the  work  «'i 
and   in  late  years  wo*   a--;-t.-d    • 

•  4!.  .Ir.  I»avid.  - 
<'onni-.-ti.-ut  HOI^I-  ..f  IJep-. 
1S71.  rv.-d  a  term  in  the  State  S<  • 

Darr.  Francis,  military  oMi<-<  r.  i<orn     • 
Ohio,  in 

•  .and  trip  to  California 
teen  years  old.  a> 
slope.     At  the  !••  f  tin*  .-ivii 

.iHHioncd    1st     li.-utenant    at. 
the  10th  Ohio  Volunteer*;  on  An. 
pointed  captain  and   .  •ommir.sary 
Jan.  1,  18«8,  WM  promoted  lieuten;; 
injr  the  war  he  served  on  the  Kt.. 
cramt,  Hu.-ll.  and  Fonter 
of  the  Went 

and  the  occupation  of  N<  • 
the  rank  of  hri_-  'al  of  voluritecr- 

the  war  he  WM  a  commiRHion  men-hant  i 
<-itv  till  within  three  yean*  ot'  hi-  death. 

Davis.  Edward  F    G  dmond, 

Va.,  in  1847;  died  in  N<  w  York  city,  Aug.  6,  18K 


OBITUARIES,  AJtKRlt 


-  graduated  at  Waahiafton  Colbfe  ia  1M7. 
.ad   iii>fi.t.i,.i.i>    amen  '-  -     •  -•        Pel 

i**)    tour  it ».  .uUrquetitly    fotaa*  to  tbe    Atlaatte 

l*,^k    W..rk..    ,!,     lir.  k    .         ••      .         !:...-:.      .... 


•      • 

-1  he  bad  eaanp  of  all 

..:••• 

a| 

|*M      l»f  t"«*' Irlil     |H     avlOVMMOeWa 

i  M   bb  5*.- 1,     -i     i,   »aj    -   * 

rthn>« 

Ifar  of  an  ebvator  and  •Mtihhiai/ 

Haary  Batata,  lawyer,  bom  ia 

,  IMPB.     He  «an  iTfaduatctl  .t  M.  J««M  j./ 

-    ..liuitt..  «r    in 

.•    r.h.wba,   AU 
,r  ...  a  dabfali    •  •  ••  •   •      •    -•  •    ...  .  ;., 

i   convention.,   wit)ulrawin«  frotn  the  former 
hMrvrtioiw  from  hbKtato  convention.    ' 


K,       ....    ..          •..•.•. 

i»t  i««. 


t.r  lu-  *a 

..nuy  he  waa  aUoted  to  the 
i  IMS  and  1*64,  and  in  each  eaw  bit  bb 
iff  enouifh  to  attend  the  iaaiiinn ;  after 

'•  '•»•;  wa*  . 
&*-*n    wa* 

.-          ! 
.1!        .    U 

•lor.  bom  iii  B.th.  Bar 

4.  is'..,',      lie  »M 


till    I  Ml. 

r.4,,(«>  &.. 

• 


r  awarer 

,v.-.      In    1 


C'han- 

John  llawk»haw.    In 
Stati-*  aa  awaver  for  a 
on  the  failure  of 
in  the 
In  187ft  be 
-a)  Science*  in  t) 
«*,  and  he  l.rl.l  tl»-  t-la,-,  oil  hi*  death 
Mam  Jemaiaft.  pubU*h«<r.  l»>ni  it. 
mi,-    1".  :*:...  .It,   i    -  •  •       \-  • 

1  «.. 

.1  in  uinrhanir.1  tmrvuiu  and  tbe 
1MO  be  became  editor  and 

u«?ra!..i    ]-  '-....-       ••          •  ' 
.•t  rated  New*."  and    ' 


rw 
S<  •  JfoA 

«a*  ukra  In 

--M  I,:.    r.!rf»«-.     ,.   n., 

an*l  the  taoar  ««wliM|a4  I 


M.»  1*.U«:  «•«  to 

t»  li.  l»* 
I'otnt 

,n 


camp  of  UMrarllaa  at  fflailn.  %>    ^     •  ••  eMMMH 
^^Wmia<  °*^ ^»  ^'^  »"^^  ->l  ^  * 


he  war  be  -o~l  «*  .  Uwl  a*  a.* 

.^       --*  ~*  -     AW  ik^  ««^ •   ^^J  «^  ^  ^»«.^M  «^^ 
of  reffaleaaaa  PW  we  era*  v .  *M  ••»  i 


nn.lrr.n-l  Mbl 
•»"    In  early  1M 
•  abolition  nwve 


tiiu 
H  tbr 


,  r.  an.l   llMBMll 

•Mimted  medal*,  of  which  lie  had  beatowcd  ui 

r  mean*  I 

AUW  in  all  part*  of  the  world.    J 
.ndid.tr 
aadidate  for  Ueutcn.nl  Ooveroor  ••• 


prif«a ybi*  ?**^  / 
uwm  dwiajf  la*  «ar  b»  «a* 


-TW  BW«  HUb* 


the  re*»  of  tbe  ticket. 
Dewboa.  Aarao  L.  maaufacturer.  U-n,    T,  >  -^pon. 
;  died  in  Binuiafaam.  En«Hand. 
HL  -.«.  i -...%.  id  be  bctfaa  workbw 


Mam.  N«v.«LMa«;  eM 
V*  >ett, 

«dboab7u«rwi  Maai  i 


. 
»••.••*  •*«**   >...•  'L11  .?***!! 

r^iStaa  iff^niT^  -  iftuTff^^?^ 

wabli  be  wa*  lnl'iiil      liail    TW  !<•'••! 


•:•• 


OB1TIAUKS.   AMKR1CAN.    (DoRSEY-DouoLAsa.) 


it  waa 


'!,>  Ihr   1-lhCorn*,      In  the 

Fort  llarriaon.  Sept  Vf.  1884,001  hon-h.- 
aatrorawoondlnt: 
tale  Mite  ha  waa  ejrain  mentioned  la  general  ortaft, 
lntfceiaa»yeeroftEewarb»eecY<- 
.UvMon of  the •ItbToq*. •»?  wasbrevotted  brig*- 
Okr  general  for  distinguished  services  on  the  rt,  id. 
Aftor  ih»  war  b*  wa*  a  port-office  inapt- 

•tOBOni  Of  puM        itiMiti. 

time  of  bit i  death,  superintendent  of  the 


by  one  mean*  and  another  he  obtained  um 
famed  for  I.  ,nt«  •ll'i^enec.     Adi 

dntn  began  with  1.  .an. I  \\  ho,  • 

am  old  lu-  I'MMijK-.l  in »in  holiday. 

ty,  I u-  wa.s  din-etcd  I 
huvid  IJiii,'.  nt  him  t-.  N 

•  'i   hi-  wife.  \s  IK.   was    a 

and   had  mine  from    Haltiim-p    t,.   join  him  ; 
•    condition   nf  his  nut-   in  tftfl  South 


Hhnologiat,  born  in  Ha  • 

A  achiiitftnii. 
4.  1ft*  the  classical  course  in  what 


r  lollrcv  of  Haltimnre  10  186«-'63  ;  -|x  nt  t  w. 

.n  a  «ottOtiiurrDtMtu  and   a  y.-ar 

M^IWd  at  I'  VirkMt)iu   in 

1897-71.  and  ww  onUdned  a  deaoon  in  the  Pn.tcaunt 


. 


nary  work  ani<>ni,: 


in  Dakota  m  the  last  > 

i  able  to  eonveme  with  the  Indian*  with- 
fan  interpreter,  ill  health  eonpeUed  him 
work  in  that  fluid,  ami  he 
p«riah  work  in  Man  land  from  !•.:«  till  : 
Sam  appointed  ethnologist  t< 
phiealSur 

Maj-  veil,  and  went  to 

Indian  reservation  in  Nel.nu.ka.    on  the 
• .  -a  Bureau  of  Ethnology, 


in  I «7».b«  was  tranaferred  thereto,  atxl  wmeni] 

te  tto««iatk>  and  aodokrfo  work  till  h  in  death. 

to  1W4  h«  oooflned  hia  inv»:  thetribeaof 


family.     In  that  year  he  visited  the  Sil, -t/ 
/on.  where  he  obtained  vocabu- 
__-.__  grammatical  notes  of  Athabascan,  Hunan, 
Takilman.  an- 1  Yak  ••nan  languages.    The  result*  of 
nvsttt  of  hi*  field  and  ottlcc  wont  were  published  in 
inal    reports  of  the    Bureau  of    Kthnol.,krV. 
his  ant  notable  works  are :  -  1'ouka  A 
."a  I'ouka  prii  -  < >n  the  • 

.M    Languages" 
Onage  War 

(1-  .m    Folklore   and   My 

Notes*  (1S64K  *  Kansas  Mounting  and*  War 

'(18 


CMtoav*  (1881);  "Bfouan  Miirrationa"  (1886) :  •  In- 
dian l*m»oal  Name*  "  ( 188'. 


•MM,  Myth  glories,  and  Letters  n;  and  -  Omaha  and 
Po«ka  Letter."     He  had  also  compiled  a  "  D: 
•Mtefcaojft  Kngliah-Dhegiha  Dictionary"  . 

journalist   and  orator,  born   in 
Talhnt  Count v.  Md..  ii 


navy,  1917:  died  near  Waahinirt 

188»;    The  life  of  Frederick  Douffla**  i*  or 


one  of  the 
most  wonderful  sto- 
ries ever  written, 
and  seldom  has  pen 
or  tongue  told  the 
.•••-  •  .-.•... 
the  lessons 
inanity  with  mop- 

:  diction  and 
his.    Of  hU  birth  he 

recollections  of  my 
mother  are    a   few 

•     •   -  •-  •      ..    .-. 
the  night    on   foot. 
-    tall    and 

with   regular  features, 
rrtnarkablv  sedate  and 
I    kiv-u    •  othini.'.     Slav- 


injf  fort une*. 
city  of  Balti- 
for,  and  what 


disabilities  under  which  people  ..t  ,-..l..r  lai...r. 

in     many   | 

Through   f 

in  e.intaet  with  William  I.l..\d  (,.. 

at  an  anti-  •  ntion  held   in   N 

was  first  heard  in  puhlic,  and  hi*  elo<|ii. 

moved  cv.  r\   1,. 

was  soon  proposed  to  him  to  In-come  an  agent 
Massachusetts    Antislavery   Soci,  • 
for  it.    With  trr.at  enthusiasm  be  set 

duty  a>siu'Mcd    him    he:: 

.  r  and  solieit   >n  ' 

•iar-i  "  and   the  -  Li)..  ,•  mest- 

iiiLT-  ]'P'\ed   wonderfully   sui-.-«->sful.      lp 
and  retold  hi-  »ton  .  at 
applications.       Hut    s««.n     thi-     iiuth<«i 

I  >oiiirla>.s.      : 
thinkintr.     New 

mind.     It  did  n-  •  rongs; 

1    felt  like  denouncinir  them.     My  fri.  t 
pin  me  «lown  to  simple  narrative         !, 
little    plantation   *|>eech.'     4  It    i-   not   |,,«*t  t 
too  learned."1     The  danger   feared    I 
followed   Douglass's  erT»rt-  to   \iild   t- 
and  put  the  soul   and  mind    that    were 
the   finished    rhetoric  and   strong   1'^'ic   that  Deemed 
iM.rn   in   him.      People  be^an  to  doiiht    uh, 
had  e\  • 

tir>t  hook.     Mr.  G  nd  Wendell   I'hill 

no  faith   in  the  power  of  Manaaehu-i  " 
Donriaaa,  aboold  the  exposure  result  ii. 

at  his  recapture,  and  they  advi>ed   him   to  tl 
maiiUAcript   into  the  fire.    This,  ad  vie. 
lowed,  and  the  storv,  told  a*  only  In 
made  unnumbered  mends  tor  the  -lave  thr 

rth.     It    produced  also  anothei 
Kntrlish  admirer-,  heariiii.'  of  the  d 
raised  and  forwarded   the    sum    necessary   i 
manumission.    In  i-i:1,  the   N 
ery  Society  asa   to   ace* 

Messrs.  Ilradlmrn.  John 

liam  A.  \N  hit.-.  Chaiv 
Sydney    Howard    day     ..n     a    tour    of 
through  New  Hampshire.  Vermont.  N. 
Indiana,  and  Pennsylvania,    With 
-ympathy  and  aOOM   thene  lectures  were  COli 
and    everywhere     l)ou^hu*s    made    personal 
John  A.  Collins,  who  wns  general  a_-.  nt  of  1 
ety,  was  a  communist,  and  «-r 

era  to  present  t)  |.n\«t«- 

ownernhip  of  pp.pcrn .     He  j>rojk»M-<l   that    I 
these  men  should  attend  theantisl; 
make  common  cause,     Douglass  was  to  M 

ise,  wherea  hearini:  h»d  lie, 
with   givut  difficulty.     While   tl. 

-s     Collins    came    in    and     prop. 
cause  of  antMavery  be  set  aside  and  comnm- 
presente.l.     To  this  Doiitrlfr- 
that  the  already  unpipular  cause  eonl.i 
new  burden:  and   that    Mr.   Collins,  a- 
waa  cnirairol  U>  j.l- ad  the  ai 
these  hundred  eon\.nt    -.-.     Douglass  wrote 
board  of  manogerM  about  the  matt.  r.  and    ; 
from    Mm.   Maria  Weston   Chapman,  an    in: 

-han.   reprimand    for 
his  superior*.      In    :  - ;      Mi 
land,  and  mad.-  many  litV-lon^r  tri- 
were  .John  Bright  and  K'ieh: 
Knclimcl   proponed  a  testimonial  • 

»ss  sutrir«t»ted  that  it  be  in  tin   t..rm  of  a 
ing  press,  and   aid    in   establishing   in    the 
States  a  newspaper  in  the  interest**  of  his  ra<-e.    H< 


"l:i:  :    UCIKK,  AMKUlt 

>,rl-t   «».*'.    U--     .T'  a'-  -'     J •-!       '..'  '        '-' 

,.lr»    *~  the   low   „ 

..'to  a»  a  man    the  aammptton  U 

i  heraUM  hr  «a»  naturally  infer) 

•    «  well-eoadttrtr.1  }*|  *r  i 

IMert  I«»""H  of  immrlwc  \alur.       1  !  .     •uin    •  1 

.    •  ' 


itn*t  of  irnnfiar*  »»•  (hut   N«  *    Kiitfland  »aa  not 

•  vturr*  'had  beeo  beat  reoeitxd 

|pj| 
'i    Sur."  aftmranl  >•• 

*•  then  a 

-..ur  a  -arrful  mn»ideratf.  ! 

•  1  mr  that  to  ••  -ilmi«in  batwtao 

»n  alwlitiucibt ;  that  to  a)-' 
It  tu  rvfWe  to  iMiBan  a  bfitimat*  and 
(••a fcr  aboliahtatf  nlax.  ••       •   .  ^...t  t|,,  ••„..-  . 
.«!.»•  in    anti.lai.- 

'•iy  optoiow  pro- 


-.  • 


•.«;  •   v 

,«     ^     : 


^     :.,      \-  -.,..- 


tndabtadnaaa  folio  w  inf  iK 

t  an  rml  t«-  ht»  t-a-  r.  came 


ray  when  I     lerred  JD  Baal  Aa<na]|nt  »a*r»  lay  «a»Mr  te«»  be  a>»» 

,    ..   .      .         .........       ;       .  .       .        ,        ...... 

«•  maae  of  edvaa^aa)  oj»|  aiaW  tW  taia> 


•••••   D  H  ....  • 
at  tiinoA  bad  a* 

n  Iliowo. 


BWaWof UaJvartaa)  it  i 


fatted  to  (Ire  to  Canaila.    The  ejcparionoat 

^^•MI  of  that  •pprehen«ion  Mill  further  alienate«l 
wmt  heart  and  anul  int 

bard  for  the  election  of  Abraham  Lincoln.     When 

the  war  broke  out  h.  *.,  !ir*t  that  it  wa»  to 

.rv.an.l  in  thin  ),!,.!  he  urged  the 

Onmiiiaaui  to  accept  of  ne*ioe»  aa  aoldlefm.  When 
^^B»  done.  In  IMS,  he  aant  hla  S  aone  into  the 
^^•l  and  worked  tu  raiee  rajrimenta  until  he  MW 

Ibat  colored  aoldlem  were  not  treated  li  • 

r  caoaa,  and  the  n-»u 
tarriew  wa»  that  he  rv^- 

munler   ol  .ached 

;:  .       ....  .  .  .       ...  ...        ,      . 

Oou^lam.  heinjr  called  on,  made  a 
th»- 


BjMfliim 

II.  Kalon.  t'    ->     V    . 
Inrv  in  IMff 

• 


»»«*»«*«1 


In  IHTO  be  removed  to 


-nm~      .-«...- 

^pointed  hlnToo;  of  the 

•*  preaVWntial  elector 

.    w» 

Cnited  Suto*  nmrxha!    f.-r   I 

o«c«  he  filled  until  1881,  whoa  be  ~  -  - 

•Vrbe 

and  in  1M*.     Hi* 
pabli»hctl  lnn»k*an<:  "  Nnrrntiv,      •       -    : 

rBoatoo,!  lioodafe  and  wy 


w  IK  |«»»:«»l  U»e»  AM! 
tlie  f^Mat  af  aW  Mr  aavaf  Inata*  r 
BMka.  fjaviarWaW  wUatt  kawwa)  a«B|a  MB%»: 


~tl.e< 


m 


olUTI  AKIKS.  AN.    (FERRY— FROTHIN 


of  bfe  father  In  I860,  and  during  the  last  tern,  Frank- 
lio  Mutpt^l  the  fin*  A  regiment*  ni...nt 

to  A  national  »:  trrui*  in  the  Legisla- 

ifoBatorm  aa  Speaker  *  and  at«< 

.ti  Subcommittee  oompriaed 
ll«<  was  active  in  the  w. 
«  :  urrh.  wa*  awn-ciated  with  hi* 
..  »ru>  of  public  boooBooDoa,  and  indi  \idu 
ally  imiMUU  I  t"  th«  I-  i>»>>ury  th,-  Fuir- 

MttMNttttof  Natttral  Science*,  with  an  adequate 


P«yr»  '» 

MI;  »H>  Admitted 
totfe*  bar  >'  -..-.  |nd..  in  IM.%.  and  r«; 

to  WaoJtefan,  in.,  m  praotiM  in  ti..-  t..i 

U  ISM  M- 

iMi  »aa  a  Fidiuuut  im«iifrnilal  •Uitfnr .  in  1859  waa 

•fectod  .«<yt»  of  too  nowlv  charter. 

!• 1*1  wa»  a  member  of  the  State  Onstitu 

war,  as  asaiftUnt 

oo  the  atati  ••-.  he  r.  ii 

mrice  in  organizing,  equipping,  and 
MrtoMOta  to  the  front.    Am-rthewar 


<>iio  of  the  direct-tax  commissioner* 
fbrtoo  Sukeof  TonooMee,    lo  1869  he  wan  appointed 
ftwwor  (tawral  <•(   Washington  Territory,  and   in 
,,     .••••..,!,  ••  ton       \'  the  u 
irfrationofhUivcondtcrin  he  returned  the  pra.ti., 


of  law  in  Seattle.  In  18**9,  on  the  admiaaion  of  the 
Territory  into  the  Union,  he  waa  elooted  «;«.v, -rn-r  of 
too  Btatr 

FW1  BafOH.  journalist.   Urn   b 

Hi- 
Moor.  Roawell  Martin  Field,  a  native  of  Vermont, 
wa*  I  »rr.l  ScottV  nn4  counsel,  and  for  many  years  was 
M  of  too  circuit  court  of  UiMouri.  As  his  wife 
I  wboohbaona,  Eugene  and  Kos well  Martin,  were 
««*1U  they  were  placed  under  the  care  of  Mary  French. 
a  relative,  at  Amhorat,  Maaa.  Owing  to  the  , -arh 
death  of  hla  father,  KugeneV  education  was  eonduete<l 
any  fixed  plan,  for  he  attended  W  i  1 1  iai  > 
KM  ColleA  at  Oaleaburg,  III.,  and  the  In, 
ofMiwouri.  When  Kugi-ne  reached  his  ma- 
•everal  months  in  Europe,  buying  rare 
ml  relic*  with-  .  oil  return 

United  State,  ho  waa  on  the  editorial  Marl  of 


ferity  h«  aptot 

book*  and  anci 


aovoral  nv*»paper*  in   Kansas  City  an  ; 

bat  it  w»«  n-.t  until  be  wrote  witty  paragraphs  for  the 


that  attention  was  attracted  to  hi> 
'.«•   went   t<*  Chicago,  where  his 
Mblcd  "Sharps  and  Flats,"  in  tin  Chicago 
and  -  Record,4  won  made  him  well 
ho  attacked  Weatern  provincialism  or  de- 
in  mock-heroic  verx»  and  humorous  -;..r\  the 
trials  of  a  bibliomaniac  and  art  col- 
a»  in  -  Dear  <  »I<1  lx>ndon  -  and  -  Flail.  Trask, 
*    In  that  column  also  appeaml    hi- 
for  children  and  his  dialect  verses  cari- 

irh  bo  mingled  the  crude  and  the  bar- 
hart,  with  Ibo  exact  learning  of  a  scholar  waa  very 
It  ta,  porhapa,  aa  tl hild  min-tr.l  of  th', 

•    • 
,ar» 

t-H-niH 

•r-  *idely  popular.    '1 
be  apoko  to  a  IHotnl  of  t 

"  further  rvmarke<l  that,  while  he 
Cruelty  and  dishoneaty, 


of  hat 


•        -     :,:     -...        •!   ,. 

h  •»  the  public.    He  waa  alao  a 
B*W  every  antiquarian  bookstore 
-Id  waa 

IB  »-U»n  ;.  . ..?; ,,; .;,  xion,  blueeyea, 
(are,  upon  which  might 
f  fcaomfxNBt  and  aensitive  linen. 
•vo  ohiMrpn.  The  complete  Uat 
Mtova:  -The  Denver  Tribune 


Qariand,*1  ••  A   I.itth-  i; 

Went.;  \   l.ittl.-  I'- 

"  Witli  TrmnjK  t  iiii.l  Drum. 

.  me,"  -Ti.. 
boea  I'nun  • 
iwitli   KII*.UI-||    M.   FiH.j  •.  and   tin-   unti- 

i  Hil.li-'iii..' 

Field.  Matthew  Diokinaon.uju-niM.  )><>m 
.lu!\    !'.«.  1- 

ll<>  was  graduated  at  Willian      • 
,nd    at    the    It.  11.  -\n,-    I-. 
in  1-7'.'  ;  umi  an  a]  '  -n  the  ln^|>itul 

aoompetitive  examination,  and  \\:u»a]>] 
aminer  in  luna.->  )•>  tlu-  Department  ..1  • 

(  ofrection.- 

jreon  to  the  Manhattan  Klcvated  Railroad  Coi 

and  for  aovoral  jreara  the  city  examiner  in  In' 

llrllevile   ll<»<*i>ital.       ll<    u  a-  all  «M 

Forbet,  Edwin,  urti-t.  l...rn   in    S 
1889;  died  in   I'.i  ^  ..  Mar.-h   •;.  18!' 

.  a  j'lii'il  o| 
t'inninir  «>t'  the  «  •; 
tlie  Army  <»t'  tlie  I' 

witneiwcd  many  ini)">rtant   Luiili-  atM 
.\\\t-r  the  war  a  laive    nmnher  «f  his    nnj.i. 
>k«-t4-hea  were  etched  .>n  edj.jM-r.  and  tl 
waa  awarded  a  medal  a:  the  <  <  ntenmal  K\) 

Fir-t  jipHits  M|'  thexe  j-i.  -u^ht  l-\  1) 

ernmeiit    ai  •  \  ed    in    th- 

At^-r  :  I   |>rincij»ali 

and  animal  i>U-tiires.      His  ni">t  nutahle  war  •  ' 
The  Reliable  ('"iitrahand  "  : 

the    I.iiie>";  the  "  San«-tu:ir\ 

"  Keliirninir   tr««m    I'i.-ket    Duty";"'!'! 

and  "Lull    in    the    FL'ht  "  ;  and    \n>   ]•: 

\\-Tk-:  "  F.urly  Murniinr   in   :m   n 

ture"  i  :~7''    :'"  <  'n    tlie   Skirmish    I.in- 

Man-h  "  :  "  K-.iiL'hiiiLT  "  ;  "  (  Mi  the  M 

and  "  KveniiiL'  in  the  Sheep  I'a>tun-"  (1881). 

Forter.  Charles  Huhbs.  pluywriifht.  l-.r: 
N.  V.,    Mar.-h  ::.  I-:::;;  die.f  in    New  V- 

11<-    ivn...\ed    t..    N.-u     V..rk    i-itv    n 


youth,  and  made  hi-  tirM   ap: 

tlie  lipHiklyn  Atheiiu-um  in  1-.".:..     Alter  a  >• 

the  Brooklyn  Museum  he  entered  the  1" 

the  profession  at  Burton's  Theat> 

with  Mrs.  Me.Mahfin   as   the  "tar  and  I.awret, 

rett     a-s    leading    man.    in 

j'laved  at  the  Old  linwery.  Purd\'- 

and  liarnum's  ;  was  st:<_ 

t'..r  several   vears  :  ami    in   the   la>t    three    yc;r 

traveled  with  r<»ad  eomj.anit-.     11 

mop'  than  7*«  mel«»lrama-s.     These  in<-lu 

iirht."  ••  T\vinsot'I.r>ndi»n." 
"'Henlia.   the  Sewing-machine    <;irl,"  -<>l.; 

rk    Hur-la! 

1."    "Th. 

Uride."    -The   'Chain    (.an.'."    "The   Turf    !' 
."  and  "  Saved  at  Se 

Frothingham    Octaviua  Brooks,  i-ler_-\man. 

••J:    .lied   t 

i  -:«.'..    He  waathoaon  «•!'  the  K.  \.  Naf 

don   Fp-thintrham.    a   well-kn<.un    Unit! 
•nd  waa  graduated  ut  llurvunl  in  1848,  and 

('aml.ridt'e  I'ivinity  School.     H« 
of  the  North  Unitarian  Chureh  in  - 
from  1855  to  1869  was  in  ehurve  of  at  Di" 

raev  <"it\.     K,- 

I860,  he  Became  pattor  of  the  Third  I  i. 
then-,  at   that    time   the    m-.-t    radi'-al    ii 
any   <-hur<-h    witliin   tlie    denomination. 
aolved  in  1^7'.*.  and  in  I  •liinirham 

hiniM-lf  wholly  to  literary  j.ur.-i. 
one  period  he  wan  art  critic  of  the 
tine.  'ami  in  1^)7  he  was  eho-en  first  pre-' 

r.-f   Religion*  Association.     Dnri- 
terial  ean-<-r  he  was  a  leader  in   ra 
I  mt  in  Iat4-r  \ear-.  without  dej.ai' 

rmer  HtandjK»int.  he  In  •  am<-  in": 
in  expression  and  certainly  broader  in   his  <•- 
of  the  standpoint  of  on.-  r-.     !!-•  wax  an  a< 


VICIKS.   .\ 
rary  gift*  w«r»  of  a  big 

\    • 


Htl  WMaffcaX  aajt  tt«* 
•U  •***!  % 


falter,  BaawaL  educator,  born  in  KeiMeelaervillc, 

.*•  irmlualt*!  at  UUM 
mu  at  the  li«ncr» 


if    •  •     \\....    .    ]|.  ...       ,        ..       ... 


» 

». 

Arthur,  libooriao,  born  in 


- 


I'hilatlrlphia   «a» 
u.ln,  i«r    in 

1889.     lie  earlv  antanri 
•I'liftt,  and 
waa   iiucci  • 

IN-III.-  ttotnej- 

General    of    Lootafanav 

United  8tataa  Senate  in 

l -..'.'.    •   .-     .    ••--'• 
him  OtmtakiuirbUarat 
Uien,   and    altar    a 


wev  toaiTiafv,  •••  ii»^ 


Afftel      •ftfl««teft«^       t~wtf 

^^HB    VBWHiB^V    •^w     WWg  WvWH^V    •    ••W 


iinrarw  10  Mall  MMH«Ma\tiw  attav  *«!•«•• 

sss^s^^^ss 


jeara.     iMirini;  t) 
>  war   hi-    «a«    MM    .. 

.in nine  ami  (Win*  of  tbe 

Kngland.     II U  earUeat 
a«bl»l,,.i  «,,rk  utt,  ||,,.  -  Hiitorioal  K^av  ,.n  Lottfe 
lana." 
IUTM  »ork*  in.    ...•::••  .     ..    : 

utftiana:  ItaColo- 
aial    HUtorjr    aii.l     |{..n.aiif. 

^tonr  aa  a  Krvm 

.»m«h  Dooilnation  in 


» 

•**  •*  ^-'^ts 

10ft  abe  orrHaU  a  mMy  to  fear  T«a%  ««r.  «t 
•he  tinriaii  iriilliau  flar  Uw  a»j»  iiai  a«  af 


. 
"*"*"  *—-« 


inatt.     v 

.-t 


., 

:• 


YorV 

father  «ai»  a  noud 
Dtouffht  up  hb  P«ON 

ie  tm.i. 
1844.  on  an  order  from  a 


an  in*!ruim>ni  on  original  deaicaw. 
qoalMiea 


•Uy  In  tone  and  other 
in*  in  u»o.     In 


•Tbe 


;i 


OBITUARIES,  AMERICAN.    (GORDON— GEBSHAM.) 


>*  (1868).     lit  waa  one  of  the 

.     .  ,  .  , 


.  York  city  and  attar* 
I8ta;  Md  attbeeqttetitW  WM 
mmmattm  In  New  York  and 


self  ekUij  to  dramatic 


India  miaoionary :  came 
a  publishing  house  in 

Chicago, applying  hm,'- 
I  Ic  waa  master  of 
Hi>  b«*t  plays  were: 
M  - 

Da^SlnV  -  ««duc*d  by  flra,  Leslie  <  .ncr ;  "  I.  M^ 
Ha*t  a  Failar«f  written  for  Stusrt   Kobson:  and 

-1W 

Otvaa    Jsaa  E.  enfinaar.  b--m   >n    I.vmu  Mas*, 
March  a.  I**;  died  In  Paw,  France,  May  7,  1895. 
:m-an  War  ho  raised  the  Kussian  fleet 
that  had  been  sunk  in  the  l.  -  -,,M-r.l  by 

tbe  Bnarfans     Ha  waa  an  engineer  of  world-wide 
AM*  awl  raoaivad  the  order  of  Commander 
ftlaaiilsai  from  the  Emperor  of  Russia,  the  Star  of 
tfc*  Madfcdl  from  the  Sultai.  the  decora- 

tion  of  Chevalier  of  >t.  Mam 
UM  Kin*  of  Italv.  that  of  the  Lev 

Honor  from  the  Emperor  of  the  French,  and  a  dia- 

•       .         -..'        X       •:.••-.•••• 


educator,  born  in  Ack  worth.  N.  11.. 
i:..  !»*>;  died  In  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  Jan. 
SO,  1886.  Ha  was  graduated  at  Madison  (now  Colgate) 
18*8,  taking  both  the  collegiate  and 


;  was  pastor  in  Ann  Arbdr. 

ssor  of  Greek  in  Kalamazoo  Col- 


University  In 
JJifl3f!jW?pM|UBOr 

ID     l^»^      «>l    •     I   rOIQHKir    \^a     ^«iwaa>     IKS     aa> •  •  mn aa BM*W    ws  — 

laftuaad  of  Systematic  Theology  in  the  Theological 
Seminary  in  1861-'&9 ;  and  pastor  in  Norwich,  Conn., 
ialittt-70.  In  the  last  year  he  waa  called  to  a  Bap- 
tM  churrh  in  Grand  Rapids,  where  he  remained  till 
IMtt  and  than  became  president  of  the  Baptist  Sem- 
-  In  Atlanta,  Ga..  retiring  in  1894.  His  principal 

tlinm  of  Theology  n  (1898> 
Patty,  diplomat,  born  in  Dnwnington, 
ty.  l'a..0ct.  IS,  18«8;  died  in  Mcxkv 
M.  1996.    Accompanving  his  parents  to 
Ohio  in  childhood,  ha  settled  in  New  rfadi»on  in 
1818,  where  be  WM  educated  and  became  proprietor 
of  a  dry- foods  store.    In  1866  he  removed  to  Union 
Ctar,  iBd-wbere  be  carried  on  business  for  three  years, 


•4  add  service.  In  1844  he  was  a  candidate  l 
trass*  be*  waa  defeated  bir  George  W.Julian;  in  1868 
waa  eteatad  to  the  State  Senate,  and  became  its  presi- 
dent In  1878  be  wa.  a  delegate  to  the  Liberal  Re- 
MbUaao  Convention.  Ha  waa  elected  Lieutenant 
Governor  on  the  Democratic  ticket  headed  by  James 
D.  WUttM.  in  1876;  soecaeded  to  the  executive 
ta«ir  on  UM  death  of  GOT.  Williams  shortly  before 
tka  tad  of  the  term:  waa  defeated  for  Lieutenant 


1880;  and  was  elected  Governor  in  1884. 


of  State  and  county 

•....-•      .-   .    '...- 


of  the  State  st  a  lower 
it  had  ever  paid.    On  March  9, 
toMarieo. 

in  Princeton, 
•    K  ixabeth,  N.  J.,  May 
a      anso    of  the  Bev.  Ashbel 


1866,  and  was 

t/tba  boroojgh  oourta  in  1867 
rney  la  186&    He  wao  electe 


la  tfltf  W  w».  amtatsd  m 


.•.: 


in  the  'i  he  waa  ohairman  of  the  commtttssj 

«.|j    I. ill    «>r  rights  ';>-«•.    limit.. 

power  of  £»•••  .Mid   L'fiit  nil   :i!i.l 

lation.    ilu  was  an  unsuccessful  1».  n. 

•  T  Congrew  in  1868,  and  a  suoceasftil 

.     '.    l    I  .     .  .  Mi.-l    .. I     N.  \\    .If!'-.  \    in    1-M',; 

iin-i  «:i-  H|<]H>int4-«l  \  u-e-Chanoellor  in  1890. 
Oresbam.  Walter  Qnhitan,Htatesmni  Lanea- 

villr.    llarr 

•n-school  education,  spent  a  year 
Univcrxiu.  rtodled  law  in  Corydon.  l 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1868. 
tran  in  the  presidential  canvass  of  1866,  v 
advocated  the  election  of  J« 
he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  ax  a  i:.|.til>h 
as  cliairriinii  <>t  it.-  Committee  to  v 
introduced  and  secured  the  passage  of  a  mil 
under  which  the  r  t  troops  for 

armies  waa  greut:  ted,     ll<    declin« 

nomination  in  1861,  enlisted  as  a  ]  '.«•  S8tii 

I n< liana  Volunteers,  waa  elected  itslieut- 
and  n-aolicd  tin-  tirld  in  time  t»  take  {-art  in  ' 
tie  of  si,ii..li.     In  December,  1861,  ho  was  .-• 
Htoned  colonel  of  the  r>.'ul  In-liau.. 
bravery  before  C'orintli    ami   at   \  i<-k- 
promoted  to  Lri^ailiiT  i/«-m-ral  <>f  vt>hint«-rr». 

r< nun.  M. lation    of    Gens.    Grant    and    Sh^^H 

Aujr.   11,  1863.     While  coinmandii 

>ln Tiuan's  army  he  was  shot  In  i 
Leggetfs  Hill,  ni-ur  Atlanta,  and  disal 

a   in   tli.   Atlanta  campaign  he  \\ 
major  general  <>f  v«.lui  h   l:;.  }*•;;.. 

the  war  Gen.  (in-.-ham  n-nin<-<l  lla-  |ira>  ' 
New  Albany,  Ind.    In  1866  he  was  an 
Republican  candidate  for  Conirrow  in  a  <  1 
Democratic,  but  so  reduced  UK  mai-irity  "t  h 
nenta  that  soon  afterward  t\\»   Democratic  oj^^H 
were  added  to  the  congressional  district     i^^H 
1867-*78  he  wan  financial  agent  of  In. liana 
V<>rk.     In  1869  President  Grant  offered  him 
jMi'mtim-nt   «>f  collector  «f  th<-  ]»>rt  -.f  \ 
which  lie  declined  ;  hut  later  in  the  year  he  «c 
the  apjK.intnirnt   «.:'  I'niteil  States  distr 
Indiana.     He    held    this   otli.-,-   till    Aj.ril.  is? 
<lurintr  this  [>eriod  waa  an  unsuccessful 

•lited  Btatea Senate.    In  IHS-J.  ,,n  the  d< 
r««st master-General  Howe, President  An 
ed  him  to  till  the  vacancy,  and  in  1^1.  i.n  tl 
of  Secretary  Folger,  he  was  transferred  to  the  Treas- 
ury   Department,    hut    held    the    oilier 
months,  re>iirniiiL'  it   to  Ue«-ept  the  U|>; 
United  Stot.  for  tin-  7th  Ju.r, 

His  administration, .t'the  Post-Otli 

.H-morahli-  )»y  his  successful  j>  roc  ceding*  against 
the  Louisiana  lottery  oorporati"ii:  and   "in 
most  important  act*  a*  United  State*  judge  w 
in/  the  hearing  f>f  tlic  celebrated  Wabash  Hailrosd 
case  in  1886,  when  he  ordered  th<    I-.-M. 
ceiver,  appointed  at  the  in8tan«'<  of  the  C,»\i'; 
eat,  and  put  .lud^e  Thomas  M.  ('< 
In  1884  and  1888  he  was  a  candidate  for  t  h.-  ; 
lican nomi nation  for  I'renident    Aft*  r  tl 
the  latter  year  he  urged  reform  in   s- 
declariiiir  t^iat  tlie  conviction  of  a  th"i, 
voters  for  bribery  would  in  effect  be  as  nothing  com- 
pared with  that  of  one  pminincnt  man.    In. I 
an  organization  that  met  in  Omaha,  Neb..  IK 
name  of  the  People's  party  virtually  oil 
Greaham  a  nomination  for  the  }<r 
offer  waa  declined,  and  in  '  Moher  folio-... 
Holy  announced  his   intention  of  v<.tii, 
crat'ir-   tick<  •  -.eland'*  »<-. 

ration  Judge  Grenham  was  appointed  Secret 
State,  and  he  held  the  office  till  his  death. 
the  notable  diplomatic  u  bit  term 

Hawaiian  question,  the  Mosquito  Reser 
dispute  between  Nicaragua  and  (ireat    P.rir 
Nicaraguan  trouble  with  (J rent  Britain 
alleged  insults  to  British  nubjects,  the  M"r 
against  Spain,  the  case  of  ex-United  States  ' 


iua*,A>i  *A*-H.I^ 

Wallrr  ante*  Franca,  lha  Irinf  ut»  *  I  nilad  Hwaa     Carolina, 

.«uT«  v«-rl  by  the  tfpaniah  «»r  - 
-,«*  ma***. 

.V^iakltatoai^ 

rUai».  llolUifl.  !»"-.  1*.  1M«; 

v.^l»x  UaMbantt    __*_„»_.    ,„ 

*     ^mUaodfililiillli 

.ralUm.^wboaMtvMUM        H*y«**    Ik.*.;   h: 

r;;:rr./,,r;,, ,,..,.,    , 


•  a*  appoialad  aftfrt  lo  lha  I»uu h     7th  I 


(I  brU  In    f'  o>  (.<  •  I    II.:-    >it\    (lit-    WMM00    •''•• 

^^Bv**1 

!.mumll>  .>ni|«- 

w»  ..U-.n,.!  ,.r.,,,.i  rMOtfniUoo      3   .-       C    M 

kiK«d  MI  MKnbto  UMNubtf  of  th«  AowkNujr,  and  ha 

WMafollaoKlMuieU 


«V  had  ukro  urrm*. 
UaaawM  OM  of  iheurif- 


•nut, 

. 
MM,"  !  -  -ketch  in*  toum  lo  thr 

:  ii»'...!     .-..a 


rr*-  .an full v  drawn  and 


. 

|.Ui..-.    "MM. -o   tJ,,- 


rable   n  prv«entatiTe  of  hi* 


d.    II.  WMI  commatidad  by  Ihe  judjpo  at  tha Can- 
n\t\  Kxpoehinn.  and  hb  pieturea  wara  rnimant 

^n*,.fu,«..i.i,r  |.r,x:,t.  ,.,:..-.  ;-  n  N<  i  •>   ri 

«   Uu-r    -.I    II  ,'.       \    ..    .    '      i:        .    t,t.    }    .  v    .       |. 


• 


of  the  laia  Aitfuat  Balmont,  K,iv»:Il 
Manan.  and  J,.hn  Tavlor.l..hn%f  «n.     I  p  t»  :hr  aitH 
aiaar  ha  waa  a  itxular  exhibitor  at 

ropff'born  in  Ireland  In 
Fab,  l.V  18»& 

.    .....    . 

bl94»k 


raoam  |-».  K,  •     :       >•       Q|  - 
litad  Stataa  ba  aaOlad  in  Vlwlnla, 


,      ....     ,    .. 


•       •--. 
... 


••«•  oT  Ltiaama 

•ajaprfidiiitf  JU.L-..  -Y  I. 
^anfrjuulo  I8JT  «nd. 

I M  (tnfMt       I    t'    r   r.          I         t  '      t      I  I 

•"•leu  ror  rv^iacuon  in 
•  Uapai 

inkinf  and 

;.-oth  «a» 

r*thr 


r, 


tun  f.V).ftoa.  and 

:•-  ••    "  -  -      ••-..'        !! 

&lkt    vi      •         i      «   •         )      1         i         i        ,     i        . 

^MMB  WIH««H  ur  nan  anaariaKMi. 
Rftvkiaa.    Jaooa,   clrnryman,    born    in     NVwbany 
J^wiy.  South  ran»lina.  So|>t.  4.   IMS; 

ItM/Ha  wa*  taa  aon  ofa 

rvrv  mail.     \V  h ,  i,  ho  waa  aixMaa  y««i»  of 

niMaaaa.    Tha  aon  waa 

•M  at  tha  clamical  and  th«olo»k«l  »minanr 

n   lS5ft  waa 

W^aft     •^hA*^v»    —  —• -  -* *—          + 

•»    ^^PH    -»...Tt^;\  .  .\      .   . 


,n  UM  ] 

tf  >fa«Wo  dar. 

•  •/..u,  u 


ing  UM  rt *il  ww  IM  •« >  M 


N     -  »•     RJ     I 

tbataV   IBa  aallaiail  at  UM 
In  !Ml.a»d«a* 


576 


olinTAUIES,  AMERICAN.    (HOAR— H-  M  MM .v 


liavin*  acnulrwl  •  compete  ">vest- 

•Zntof  wa*<«.  he  made  all  mWt-1  prvparale  • 
•  eatons*v»  and  ini|»riaiii  *rrh«'olo|fU'al  »ur 

• 


I'. 

of  ancient  earthwork!  in 
the  services  of  a  surveyor 
i 

• 

IffjMt  prehistoric  mounos  north  of  the 
•JSvaCof  the  Great  Lakes.    In  1889  he  ws* 
U»«  commissioner  in  chsrgr 

of  the  Mississippi,  in  • 

aMudy  of  the 
,  contrtliiitin/  voluini 
tat*  i 

Numerous articles  were  published  in  ..-ientiti- 
JisunsU  uMialiy  over  the  name  of  his  employee  who 

s^to*.BS33?'"<1 !-?  *•-"***• 


in  chaiyv  of  a 
MiaaWppi. ... 

tflal*  Historic*!  Society,  and  took  upa 
Baaabli  amxianta  of  discovery,  con 

\  I!  •  •   :-.,    -V. 


editoruU  preparation  of  the  Lewis  and 
l-Urk  cxploradon-  Muwoun  and  d-,wn  the 

Colombia  to  the  Padio  eeaboard,  reproduced  in  4 


all  the  material  portion  of  the  work  itassod 
the  critical  eye  of  Mr.  Hill,  and  he  contnl»ite<l 
inlsjnlimiai  notes  thent        II.    was  slso  associated 
wWi  tas  expedition  of  18*tL  which  discovered  numer- 
oos  ancient  village  sites  snd  mounds  in  the  head-water 
drains**  basin  ofthe  Mississippi  snd  at  Leech 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  nrcpsring  a  \v 
UM  route  of  DC  Soto  snd  his  followers,  Iron,  r  l-.ri.la 
to  the  country  west  of  the  Mississippi ;  a  work 
the  srdusology  of  the  Northwest,  tor  which  he  had 
secomulated  the  result- 

labor  at  his  individual  cost,  fc.nounting  to  atxnit  *!'.-. 
000;  an  elaborate  paper  on  the  international  boundary 
Has  between  La.  -  and  the  Lake  of  tin- 

Woods:  an  alls*:  and  various  other  uncompleted 
manuscript*.  The  results  of  these  scientific  lal.or-. 
•«  far  a«  they  have  come  to  light,  have  pas>. 

.-•      ..    ..:.  .    •  .-.    '       ..  :•..  ".  -".. 
lion  snd  distribution  to  legal  heirs  who  reside  abroad. 
cost  of  publishing  the  rvxults  of  the  labors 
saajursinit  wilf  probably  exceed  $45," 


of  this  life  work  is  left  in  jeop- 
_  ly  sines  no  portion  of  the  work  is  com- 
pleted:   He  had  remained  single,  snd  wss  stricken 
wttb  his  last  illness  on  prior  to  the  date 

set  for  his  marriage. 

Boar.  Ebsmeav  ftookwood.  jun-t.  l»orn  in   <    .n  -.rl. 
Feb.  SI.  1816:  -.  He 

son  of  Ssmuel  Hnsr  and  a  brother  of  United 
flsnatiii  George  F.  HOST;  wss  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  18S&.  and  wan  adn  bar  in  1840. 

In  1S44  he  wss  elected  to  the  State  Senate  as  an  Anti- 
slavery  Whig,  snd  in  1848  he  became  one  of  a  nota- 
.    •   .  ,.-•    •  .-     • 

associstKio  with  the  Free-soil  movement     In 
asMsss  of  hb  father^  ex  | 

whither  be  hsd  been  sent  by  : 

astliBsitts  to  tost  the  constitutional  it  v  of  enactment^ 
by  the  Lsgiatators  of  South  car.lina  authorizing  the 
VmprUootoent  of  free  colored  people  who -I, 
UM  (Mate,  the  son  wrote  the  call  for  a  meeting  of  all 
vbo  were  opposed  to  Csss  snd  Taylor  as  presidential 
* ,to  which  Charles  i* 

Frsncis  Adams,  John  A.  Andrew,  snd  Sto- 
;lips  responded.     At  this  meeting,  in 
r.  Msm,  Jons  »,  1848,  the  name  of  S:. 

'  at  the  head  of  the  electoral  ticket  of 
party,  which  subsequently  met  in 
in  Buffalo,  N  Y.  and  nominated 
In  1  *49-'M  M  r.  Hoar  was  a  judge 

. taoo  Pies*,  and  in  1859-'69  he  was 

*Mf»<*  Ihe  ftQpr«tM  Court  of  th. 

»**.  h«  bsssjas   Attorney-General  of  the  United 
•Mas.  bat  be  resigned  in  Jons,  1870.  for  reasons  that 
*-l*.  "tt(f  J"*  P«W*c,  »wl  «oon  afterward  he  was 
1  fcr  AtsoriM,  jMios  of  the  United  States 
3m  t»«twt*  rejected  by  the  tfeoato.    The 

testiie4  to  Judge  Hosrt  . 
by  appointtac  htm  s  member  of  ti 


rUsr  wss  placed  sj 
UM  tKwiWsoU 


:;^\ 


•  •'imiuiiwion  that  frainod  the  Trt-  :.- 

ington   in    1-71.      .ludir.  •  -I   :i   ti-nii 

grow  in  187*-75.atul  in  the  last  y. 

for  th.    I  nitod  8uu»  Senate,  "hen  II.: 
•*  .1-  Chosen. 

Holland,  George  W..  clergy  nian  ami  «-. 
He,  V  ii..  July  K  1WW;  died  . 

College,  Salem.  Vji..  in  l>'>7;  wa*  tutor 

,   ,   ill!.  ,1   ill   the  the. 

' 

HCSHtoti   in  Union   S.   ninarv.  N«  u    ^«-rk.      In 
wai*  Iicen»cd  and  at  once  bo« 

\ 
. 

I:.  i  •     '••     ..    .<     j.rin.  ,|-al 

i'lthr  ;i.-;i'i«  inir  .li  j-urt  luriit  of  Koullok"    ' 

!l    l.r.-allic    |'!l-t'.r   "t    till-    li<M-l, 

i>h.  \vhii-li  h»-  .-rrvnl  until  1  -  , 
••all   a.-    l'ii>t"r  i»l' 

[n  the  foUon  a  ucc«i»tcd  1  1  .  • 

l.aiit'i...  jr  College,  ami  in 

nt  <>t'  th<-  inntitution. 

HoughtoD,  Henry  Oscar,  pul'li-lii-r,  t»ini  in 

\  education  wji- 

MUM  .11  .scli.H.U  an.  I  at   I: 

native  State,  and  at'ti  r  .-.nn-  timr  ^p.  nt  inti 
-.!'  tin-   "  Free   Press" 
Burlington,  In-  cnn-n-<l  tin- 
I'nivcrMty      of     Vrrnmnt. 
.•..Ih-ir,.   lii- 

was  fiiipl<'\f<l  f«r  a  !;• 
report*  T     «-n     tin-     l'.o>tc.n 
"Traveler"  and  in  184 
entablbihcd  apxintiogolttoe 

in  Caiiibri.L'i-.  tin-  M. 
>«ir  to  which  i>  the  j.r« 
K'ivrrsidi-     l'r.».     In 
In-  i-ntt-ntd    ni«>n-  «li.-tiin-tly 
UJKHI    his    i-uret-r    a>    j.uli 
U.-lu-r    liy     cstuhli.-hin-    in 

York    thr    hoi. 
Hurd    tV:      lloui/liton.   an<l 
tin-  inihlishinir  <lrj>artni»-nt 
of  the  husincss  ci.ntinin-«l 
under  that  iinnrint  until  1^7S.     In  tin-  latter  y< 

tinn  «.f  llouirliton,  Osgood  &C".. 
was  establbhed.  the  successor  to  th:> 

ton  ulid    .»;r 

it.-i-lf  tin-  MiiH-»-ssor  to  tin-  murv  tmti-d  ho:, 
A-  Fii-lds.     In  ls^)  tin-  Hnn  name  Wean 
Milllin  tV  Co.,  which  it 
tirin  |>oss088ed  not  <>nly  th.    . 
lihrary  Inheritances  of  the  h 
ami  its  predecessors  to  1828.  tl.<    \,ar  w 
pabUahiitf  IIOUHO  of  the  line  was  estal 
llou^hton's  success  was'  the  direct  r.  -u/ 
tinned  i-llort  and  native  talent.     He  wu>  u 
8ympathie>   and    far  r.  a'-hiinr   plan*,  and    di.; 
toward  establ'mhinLr  a  hiirh  .-tan.  lard  in  : 

Horenden.Thonuu.ani.st.  l>»rn  in  hnninanwa; 
tv  Cork,  Ireland,  Dec,  28,  1840  ;  died  ne:,- 

>,-h....l  of  De.-iL'n  ;  removed 

in  1868,  became  a  student  at  tin-  National  Acad^H 
of  Dcsitrn,  and  lutd  a  htudio  in  Philudel] 
1868  till  1^74.     In   the 
under  Cabanel,  retun, 
A  year  later  he  was  elected  an  assoc-i: 
tional  Am-.- 

delphia  Society  of  Artist-;  and  ii 
Y-.rk    Ktchinir  Clnh.     i  killod^B 

while  making  a  vain  attempt  to  rcj»f-uc  a 
little  jrirl  ata  trrade  crr»-'Mi_'.    Hi-  n,'-t  notal-1--  faint 
intrs  are:  "The  Two  Lilies"  (1- 
..    uninnin^"  and  u  Pleasair 


-.   the    Paris  .>al-n, 
1876);  "Thinking  of  Somebody"  and 


OBHT. \KlKv 

I'rid*  of  Oi»  Old  K. 

.  -o  - 



tartar.  I?MM    Th« 


m**A 

ppSC1   ***** * 

*r-     iH*T3Si 

•    wmMibrX^it^i!  S£^ 


• 

I!,...- 


(liM^;    -T«  .|M  ,a 

.  r^lMlMl  M  « 

0|«1    Tim"      <««•      — *   ' '-* *- 


•    .. 


iurkA.  ii 

Wolfc   MI 


•  mil. 


.v^ir  Xta^i*1"11 


•U.. 


Mgwl  In 
iSN.  J. 


il.  »»tfmliM 

..   -.  .     x.  ;  :.          . 


. 


^y  \XSSnSiiSySa ;  mfSSm 

«tf«in  in  FlnntU  «*i  hi  IW  N«*i*.»«t 

•t*Po!t  D«il«,o£.  'wi.iW  <«  !w'tV4iTJ^  u 

•     ' 

taOtiwJ 


..Ht*.     rmnk  of 

».|.-i»a».l.ia,    Italy.       B«MVMi 

v     ,...,,. 


HIT  till  artrr  tb« 

.»n.l  «•*  r»- 


th«  in- 


...  t 


> 


n      K.M.K.,  H.> 


•  *»  Aln  .  oo  Jan.  1*.  IMS.  bo  waa  promoted  «•• 


of  «olnme»r.  f.-r  ^mlUni  anU  iiwrilon 
oo  Ju.. 

in  Ibc  action*   »' 


- 
o<G*orfi*,  and  took 

,,,.-."  ,»,- 


in.l 
all 

tMaiito  «»>•  aw.it: i. 
ill  tl 

preietil  at  the  »urreoder 

,!».*,  an.l  jg»rt  .-I  the  time  waaoon- 
Atwi  In  rartlr  Tli 
Kaata,  iafwt  Valeattaa,  n.  >rn   in 

.:  .--..,    i     ;i,    •».  uttli  . 

Wa»lu,ScPt.  4,  IH'A     Hi«i««r 
SlBMalntheyear  of  hi»  l.irth.  and  •  e.l   in 

mix .  •  »hio.        In 

•  -hi..  Intai,; 

o.  ana   «»n 
June  14.   i-17.  In-    \\;.- 

.  an.l 

•i ant.  4th  Infantry.      In 
•  _'i,!ar    armv    he   waa 
promoted     '.'-I      lieuf 

• 

'•.   |M!1; 
,;h  In- 
fantry..1 1* 

-1    lllc     -, 

I  l.riiradier  general.  Apn  ;..!  wa> 

an.  A,  1893.     In  the  vo|(l!  he  \va.s 

•••!...:•  >.'.  ..  «  :,\;,l'r\.  >.  j.i 

muttered  out  of  the  aervic«  .Ian.  1 

.»ry  aervice  he  waa  btevetted  major 
ivular  armv,  June  '.«,  186*3,  for  gallantry  at 
-.    K> 

-•th    in    1H44,   for  the    att 
and  the  action  on  the  Darby  town 
r  general  and 
ncral.  M 

..••_••••     -\  ..r  .    a'.'i    M..i|'T    /ill'  ral 
•     .-..''•         -..•',.•!     '.}.• 


cain|«urn.     I'hor  to  the  civil  war  I 
and    Washington   T. 
an  of  18ftt-*W,  and  in  the  Indian  war  o,, 

- >..  an-!  wan  wounded  in  the  two 

wm    I  • 

».  •••|.ta>n  to  hi.  anaunipUon  of  .-.,,,,1, 
UM  ad  Ohio  • 

•«U  cMMMicn.  and  Awn  December.' l-vj.  till  April. 

•hi...    In  the 
jned  to  the  oominan 
ith  «hi<-h   he  took  |.art  in  the 
K  .  .  uini  in  July  waa  engaged 
capture  of  John  Morgai 
_  r«ooomman. 
tke   An»r  of  th«  Jamen;  <KI  June  9  he 
I  «*i*«4N«g.  Va  .  with  aMnall  !  ->il*«4«<iiu>ntlv 

Mioaoflh 

•'  -    -   uth.     HIM 

•  ml  w»r  waa  to  mardi  a  divUion  of 
Vi 

• 

»  *7l ;   and 

• 

i  :    and 


Kenper.  Jamei  Lawion.mil r 

.i<imitt.  -I  : 

in   th<  .  political  I  • 

after  lii»  it-turn.      I 

an<l    f»r  tu<»   \i-ii! 

•n.-l    ..f  the    7th     \ 

t'antry.  whi.-h  he  tir>t    l< 
ward,  Ofl  wu#  I'lue- 

: 

in  th. 

in   the  .-even   ila\r«'   liurhtin^r 

,!_' ;   in    til.     ' 

l.urg.  \\here  In-  \\. 

In   .In:  i.romote.l    n 

afterwar.l   «-omtii:r  chinonu  t. 

ti"ii.     In  l^7'J  he  was  a   |.n-^i.h-ntial   el. 

..n   tin  .'•  I'lil.lican    ticket.   an<l    in    ; 

•r  of  Virifinia. 
Kendrick.  Asahcl  Clark.  «l< 
' 

•k    Ken-lrick.  at. 

Ariel  Ken.lri.-k.  w«-re  \\ell-kn..\s  n  • 
in  Vermont,  the  former  of  whom  w;t>  a 

Iliotin^'    the  e.lueatioll  of  \ou!. 

at    Hamilt' 

ati.l  imnn-«liatel\    l.i-.-aiiie  a   tutor  in  tin    I 
•_'i«-al  liiMitution  at  Hamilt'-: 
\  hidi  hi*  father'- 
ha<l  t'oiiii-l.-'l.  ainl  which    i-   MOU    i 
T \\..\ear-   later  he  \\a>   ma«le    l'rote»oi 

Greek,  and  at'terwanl  h«-  taught  • 

Here  he  reliuiillc.l   Ullt'll     l^".<'.   \\iti 

i-l  a  half,  which  he  -pent   in  a  hor>eha- 
iiey   through    the  Southern  State*,  for  th 
hi>  health.      In  Hamilton  h. 

that    was  afterwar.l   the   hoi,,,-  ,.- 

the   thinl    ' 
When   the    l'ni\er-it\ 
1850,  he  was  ,-al: 

the        ;  p        of 

which  chair  he 

oeellj.inl      Ullt'll      h'-  ^f 

•:t    an-1    aj.jM.int- 

ment  aaprofoaaoremeii- 

tiw  in    l^ss.      He   had 
beeu  onlain.-l    in 

I'ro- 

i     >^wr 

other  re     Z.^ 

:<•   him.  and    at  iT'^k 

'        ' 

•\  ;    I. ut    h. 

remain    with   the    ii^tituti--: 
in  loun.liiiL'.     In   1s 
mu.-h    tim<-    in    Koine    an<l    Atl 
tlu-ir  anti.j  . 

and    (iermany.  returning    in    1 -•'•».      II 
rope  again  in  1868,  and  in   I--;.     II. 
mu.-h    in   hi»  own  country,  and   had  a 
quaintancc   amon^  n,,  i 
in  uddition  to  h 

I  '    . 

tation  in  the  Rochester  i  '.nary.     WH 

-nimittee.-    \\ere    forn, 

\a-  aj.]H.inted  a  mem1 
TeaUinent  < 'onunittee.  and  i 
in  the  work,  rare 

until  it*  tahk   wa«  completod,  in   i--".     I»r 
Croaby  being  anked  an  to  the  relative  work 


I  I'AKIKS,  AM 


Anally  adttyuftl. 

It-erf*]* 

'•          •  ' 


a 


an.latiou* 


TVaA  KaV^BABu    •L^MmA     t^kll^tffct^**^^^      1^^^    ^K 

..Hi,      pof«,   MM.  «»ri    34.  t»IO.  44.4   in   *•* 
bo.      V.I..  f  I.  I*V.       ||.   ,toU,«J   MMM*  Wt 


.•• 

N 

|*k.«    In    tt«^i  

fVB   IB    DOHi^v*    v*  <W    •  •  •    ••    «^    ••••^    ^^B^^^PI. 

!l«M»WA««|  v. 
he    H«Ca«l    DbMMffT.  tW    M*-^»  - 


;•; 

•••M          C^I«BJWB^  •  VBk^     ••^p^»^»a«»     w      W«W       \  rt*v 

:-v» .  *nd  the  Hi ii i am  V««al 
.  earh  fMOO;  a»l  to  «»•»  •• 
n  Jan.    1. 

Klikioi. 


(\vrwar 

,.   ..^    ..... 


••b     ^VWa^BV^V*      ^WPV      VJaV     f^P*valala^B^""^B^BJ 

4  b)ttT^ih,Cal,J^>ll 

raiOaw  and     1§ML    lie  «»  hn^ht  ••>  a*  •  *n»;  to*  •  «-«• 

^Hin*  at  th.  ^»u. 
Hull  Kun,     atiMim  tomalli !••?!•   tW*»fcr  ?  •  «4  •*» 


V 

Va:  ai..l 
rr  tnwanl 


hi! 

• 

vaa  i*lif%ii.    H»  wo*  aaw««  •*  • 

MMrffteM. 

c 

rtott.  n 


!.».-«•. I  in  ohary*  of  UM  vofk  of  n»- 

the  Southern  Stair*.  »r.  I 

MBMlMMd  of  the  Southern  »»«tH-h     t  t?      \\.  ::••  •• 

n  AUanta.     From  1««  till  hb  <k^h     lin* 
'  •M4i««i  himwlf  t«  the  matrn«l   -l^-  '  ' 

.'h  hb  effort*  the  State  capital  <ra»      I  m 
'  »nta,  an.l  the  new  Oapitol  built  bjf     Hfco 
•  city  ami  pivwnuxl  to  ti»c  Stut, 


OlUTl  AKIKS,   AM 


order*  in  the  Epbcopal  t  h.mh.  and  in  the 
.     !  •    •     iiul  Churvli 

if.       !!.,!,     I.. 

.•   li.i\  i,   ...   i  Ira.  .  . 
lid.    In  16*7  be  w«rt  abroad  again,  rvn 


•       •.     .-.        •     •       .       I  .,    !,„ 

.         ......    •       -,,... 

tkUe  between  "  Okl  i'aiholU 


Darin*  Dm  time  he  found*,  i 
at  itaK-ta.  .u.l  »a»  it*  n-. 
IU  wa»  Mib»««ii*nUv  rector  < 

•  .... .,..  ..•  >:  .i,,,,,e^ 

B  in  Bedford,  Pa.,  from  1888  to  1890.     i 
from  active  dericaJ  duty  ,„  thai  >ear.  I 
l  in  U'half  of  the  oaune  of  «  i.n-tian  unity. 

nit      :    tin     •  atholic    K. 
lulian   Chur- 


Loraia  L.  apiarixt,  torn  in  Philadelphia, 
IVfte.*'*.  ",1895. 

He  was  graduated  at  Yale  OwltM  in   1880;  was  a 
there  in  18t4-'95;  entered  the 

.   and  became  prin.-ipal  of  a 
Philadelphia    in    1848. 

'tali  be  had  been  encaged  chi.-ily  in  the  culti- 
tatioo  of  bass  at  Oxford,  Ohio,  oocasionally  acting  as 
•  ministerial  supply.  He  invented  the  movable- 
comb  hive,  and  was  the  author  of  "The  Hiv-  an.lthe 

|; 

Laaiaaa.  Oharlea.  author,   Urn    in    MOHPH-.   Mi.-h.. 
i  in  Wellington,  D.  C.,  March  -». 
IBM.    He  spent  ten  years  in  a  business  house  in  New 
York  city, and  in  1845  became  editor  of  the  "Ga- 
ff in  his  native  town.    In  1846  he  became  asso- 
•••    editor    of   the 
Cineinnati    "  Chr-.ni- 
;    in   1847  of 

press";  in  1849  was 
appointed  librarian  of 

the  War  Department: 
and  in  1850  became 
librarian  of  copy- 
rights and  private 
oecretary  of  Daniel 

of     deposi- 
taries for  the  South  - 

librarian   of  t) 

/  tenor  Department  in 

1855-7,7:  librarian  of 
fepfasei natives  in  1866 ;  and  secretary 

•  legation  at  Washington  in  1871 -'82. 
i  year-  went  spent  in  literary 

had  studied  art  with 
ind  and  been  elected  an  associate  of 
cedwnv  in  1844.  He  was  the  first  pcr- 

•  the  Hagnenay  region  in  Canada,  and 
fli*  explorers  of  th.    m<.imuin  region 
ins.    H.   contributed  frequently  to  the 

•     •     •  • 
p*BrookskfeasMiHot. 

.  .    ........ 

««a,lM*.:   -Ixrtu-r.  from  a  Landscape 

•A       ......." 

•    •     \  Icghanj 

V-    V,rk.   1H4,    ;    "Private   Life  of 
****  '  ^i -nary  of  Congress" 

Michigan  "(  Detroit, 
'  compiled  for  the 
r.'.n,  ',- 


Annaln 


-mtopi 


Lecleroq.  Charles.  ;t<  t' 'i.  horn  in  KnU'l:in<l  a) 

- 


.  ..  • 

.n.l  "  Jlapi 

Leach,  Stephen  W..  eomiHiM-r.  born  in  i:um>. 
liuiil.  in   1--.-1  :  -lii-.l  ii: 

• 
bass  in  the  orchc.-tru  that  ., 

United    state'-,   in    I'hi'la.lelj.hia.    April 

one  time  he  was  ch»ru 

pany,  and  he  also  sang  with  Am 

opera  company,  and  after  a  season 

the  eompai 

he  establishe<l    hiniM-lt    in    <>ak!:in<l.    \\ 

\\ 
with   the   Califoti 

. 
John   M.-<    ulloll-: 

aii.l  that  for  A.lelai.i' 
line 

for 

abo 

!.-.j.  a'  well'  known    Kmrli>h 
pant"..  .    a   brother  of  the   lat<     • 

<-lere»i  and  of  Rose  Lwlerr.j.      Ib-.-ameto   th. 

in  1870,  and   after  MipjMirtin^   Churliv  ! 

U'rouMHO  in  '.••."  lu< 

j.»ine.l   the   eompany   at    Palv's   '1: 

Lee,  Samuel  J.,  lawyer,  born  in   Abbeville  < 
South  <  'arolina  :  died  in  <  hai  l,18w. 

He  «a>  born  in  >lavery,  «.n  the  p 
.••an.  who  became  a  C'ont'e  ; 

roiiL'hout    • 

itl  which  lie  wa.- woun.le.l  ;  ami  after  the  wur 
an   e.lueation  an<l  was  a-lmitte-l    •  &&& 

the    beirinnillir    of  the    reeolist  rii.'t  i"li   p- 

<'urolina  lie   moy«-<l   into  Jvliretiel.l  c,,. 
elected  to  1 1 

•.inklin  .1.  Moses  was  • 
ernor.  In  1876  he  escaped  the  prosecut 
fell  most  of  the  officeholders  of  tin  and  .«•! 

tle.l    in    «'harle>ton,    where    he    M  i.-rabl- 

practice  and  the  good  will  ot  wliit 
reorganization  of  the  Stato  militia  he  WM  c 
xiom-,1  brigadier  general  of  the  !-• 
troopn,  bein/  the  only  colored  otti. 
the  United  States. 
Lewis.  John  Francis,  farmer,  born  near  P»rt 

:  .iie.l   in   ! 

2, 1895.    He  was  brought  up  as  a  tarn 
all    his   life,  when   not   in    public  otliee. 
1861  he  was  a  delegate  to  ti  • 
to  determine   whether   Viririnia    >hoiil,l    (*««•«• 
was  the  only  member  within  the  present  lim'.1 
State  who  refused  to  hiL'n  the  ordinance  of  see.    -    , 
With  others  he  appealed   successfully  :      I'r- -i-i«-r.t 

PUAsage  OCTI 

•  a  separate  \  of  Vir- 

ginia  the   .li-l'raiiehisin_'   elau-e>   of  tl  • 
•ution.  mid 

..  he  wax  eb- 
on the  True   Republican  ti. 
was  elected  United  States  > 
term  he  was  chairman  of  the  Committ 

•iibia  and  a  member  <-'  .Tossed 

Kills.    In  1875  he  was  iipp-.int.-i  I 
shal  for  the  Southwestern  hi^ri. -t  of\ 
1881  he  was  again  elected  Lieutenant  < 
the  Readjustcr  ticket 
Loomis.  Alfred  Lebbeus.phN 

23,  1895.     He   was  graduated    :,t    l.'niou 

1851  and  at  the  College  of  i 

in  1858 ;  spent  two  years  aa  assistant  p!. 

hospitals  on  Ward's  :. 

establishing  himself  in  New  York  city.  nia<l 

cialty  of  pulmonary  diseases.    In  I860  lie 


MKICK 


.*^i*  •Zir 

Had  !•  Aft  OnMv  to  lb«  c4^M  W  iV^  ^^^^^A^^^ 

• 

w     J^  «*W     BOM      ««VPW*»    «•     |MH    •    • 

•-«   U-4  .«* 


.'••r»u»nr  anoBld 


Lwtitrw  oa  K«vef»" 

HMJT  Aanrto*.  artist,  born  to  Hilladale,  v 
,  lad  raU  at  I^ke  Ow. 


-•     aarrto*  rmAgmtA  <m  baky  rfiim<  aittt  W  iw  t  **-* 

Utal   Al(l  KlAlra     " ,^     *• -  -    - 

•  IM^B*  «w  MOpiiavMBBWk    •••  •>••  BM  law 
«o«  eoMtowMMlv  fill  l«ra.  ajrfB  la  t«l  ^  BftJ 

mmmfSSm 

'*  t&^itt£S3SKniS£t 

t^^-TwVlrfAla^a  f*_  • 


wan  educated  at  Grail  Barrinjrton,  Maw. ; 

il.oniaa  ('outure; 
•BBBBtd  nla  atBdka  ia  BOBM,  Viaioiu  and  1    ••   r 

beted  an  Modato  oft) 

Ifn,  and  in  1MI  an  acodomldan.    I 

portraiture.     Amonir  hi-  |«iimintfaaf« 

•uione  and  Helena*1 

- 

' 

•00*1)0*.  Hnfh.  rtnancler,  born  in  Kennebunk,  If •, 

i8k   i 

-38  mnovctl  to  1 


^. 

IN  tMUM     1  fFOMI    II  •»  •0W  OT  •  MBVMH 
»-.k   .r    I"   ..-     -        4        -  -    • 

Yorfc  TribwM  AlavMMr  *    II*  ate*  MMbfc«! 


; 


"•  - 


at.rmi.ch  of  Ufa  SU* 
^V  flank    of 

,  >          I-    •  •  •   • 

year  he  wa»  fleeted  a 
*  tor.    He  remained 

i  thin    hrai 

PSs 


dMtofanrw 


,:•/     R 


X      X       /         diana,  with    which    he 
V      \     '          mnain«l  till  May.  iww. 

•f  th-  Tum-noy  un-1,  r  the  national  banking 
'woyaan*  afterward,  mi 

a  «a* 
..coin  to  fl 
'iovernment  wan  in 


VPV^         ••••PVVHVV1BVPWVB*       l^W^        • 

\f  !•      \mAA     ^—     ^  ••     ^w^^^^aw^M^^^^    A    ^tf^tf^^te*    ^M^ 

•nl.  and  te  IW  MlMteMMb  M J»«M4  «^- 


WBB  BW   HBBHV^ 

>rifciBW1.'n.Ji?rrJ 


tin-     nx 


e  TrraMiry       In   lew  than     eaBWlo 

<y«*f 

Urc.    HBOV11       -  '        ' 


•Mier*  an- 1  -  .««  aervioa*  were  no 

^"— a  .bUmnoBa, 

"W.OOOof. 

»  placinir  the  whole  d. 
•Wactory  ahape  in  a  little  more  than  two  . 


olin  I.MKKICAN. 


.. 


popular     Through  hia  effort* 
Ida  bouac 
it*  were  erected  in  t 
e^mdoMttttowta  Grass  ralley.    When  the 
•a  Valley  w»  creat. 
,  and  he  acted  a.  MI.!,  for  I- 

l.tlhe  addition 
a/ made  the  ace,  and  lllahop  Manogue 

mmmML  ""ff"  /£•£'  rilllWJftt^.a.nt 

<  .    •       .  .      -       .   ,;  i  •:    ii.    I  BajHB  na. 
/>•!    April  4, I8t*.     In  early  1 

'     V  Ouincy,  111.,  when  he  received  a  f. 

In  1*41  he  wont  to  work  in  the 


M.WHM.atCialena;  lnl84T«n0ffed  in  the 
of  Mblie  land*  In  the  pan  of  Wbooonin  Territory 
•ow   within  the  limita  of  Minneeota:  in  184'.'  wttfc 
hb  hnil her  establlahed  the  flrrt  general  pMNMBOH 
.**.  on  the  4to  of  MinneapolU ;  and  in  1862  opened 

.     .    .  ,.-..-:.      Unita   -'    M:nn-  lOel   at 

He  Panl.  He  wan  a  banker  in  St.  Paul  in  l^.,V57; 
beeaaM  a  dairy  fanner  and  stock  breeder  in  the  but 
yew;  and  eatahUabed  .  ly  1're^ 

-     -  .•-.  .,-    ,!.  :-•       n.  mm  i  I-  'ted  t.;  the 
LagialaMreofWiacotiaii.  n-th.-l-V 

rSorial  LegWature  of  Minni^  II.  -wan  also 

.      .  ••  .    i;.     .     can  part)  In  Minoa 
aou.and  in  1864  waa  defeatetl  *»  it>  eandidal 


In  18<8  be  waa  commi»ioiie«l  -•--!. -n.-l  <>f 
which  he  took  part 

campaigna  against  the  Indians;  in  186S  wan 
•      \-     ,  -     •;.-.  ritb  whld   IM  MM 
v  cral  battlw :  in  Deed 
a  brigade  at  the  battle  of  Nud.vill,-  -.  and  o,, 
IS,  1^45,  waa  breretted  bri-..  ;al   of 

I  1867,  and  waa 
ard  a  oommiaaioner  of  railroads. 


Brant,  jurint,  liorn  in  Nt-v 
in   IHW;  di«M   thrrc  March   80,  18»5.     He  was 


rradnatod  at  Cohimi-i:.  •  •-!  in  1866, 

md  the  Mine  year  ww  admitt^i  to  the  bar  and  began 
prartievta  Y 

•  >f  Tammany  Hall,  but  in   1 

reatfiud.  and  two  v«  ar»  aAcr«»r.i.  w  Ii.-n  <-liainn:ni  <>t' 
the  enrtttive  eommittee  of  the  County   1  )cinocracy, 
h*  wan  iU  auocemful  r»n.li.lnt.    f«>r  <li»'tri<-t  af 
Dwiaf  hia  tenure  •  number  of  celebrated  can* 


in  A 
I 


x-cepting  brilics 
Jacob  Sharp  in  return  for  the  • 

way  Mtrfacc  railroad.     He  |wmonally  took  charge  of 
the  ill  nan  all  ii  ll  of  Mr.  Sharp,  and  injured  a  < 
tWm.    In  1H87  the  Legblat un-  i.p,vid.-d  for  tl 
fen  of  u  additional  judge  « 

aivl  in  the  autumn  of  that  year  Mr.  Marline 
nrM  a.lditional  judge, 
k  HflfHai  manufacturer,  bom  in  Lau- 

.  Sr|4.    «..  \prilH.lK.- 

mm  bfooghtup  on  •  farm,  went  to  «?a  for  a  v 

•  •     .  -'    •  Card    f..i 

1 4s  he  eatablUhiHl  himwlf  as  a 
•MaafUrrum  of  agricultural  implementa.  and 
bMam  Miking  t«^h  and  berry  banket,  by  mean*  of 
aajtereajrtonf/| 

-.-    .•      .••••    ,-  . 

be«Mwle4  hia  work*  till  they  had  a  capacity  of 
•MMftiit!  i^^^p  p.,  „„„„„.    |n  AofUBt,  1894, 
candidai. 


•  •       :  -  • 


BeU.  mi 


officer. 
.Ky.Mawl 

Aug.  Is.  ISM 


unnl  utter  the  cHHMipat 

waa  edniitt<-<l  t<>  t!  !iriM^V 

.  K%.     Hi-  ri'iii«.\c.!  •  K,;, 

practical  ih«  n-  till  tin-  ' 

.-.try  l'-r  tl  . 
\s:i-»    rommiviiitx 

lilt  II    tin     !  ,r«t 

iticgoot    |'.,rt  Ilu.  i-.  n  ami  in 

I  '•;:.  i-Min:' 

niilita;  In-lian      I 

•«  nrriil.      Alt«-r  i 
taw  pr- 
elected t»  tin-  (  i.itcil  States  Senate  aft  a   !'• 

ffOoe*  and  I'ont  Koud.H  and  of  the  neloct  « 
tee  to  inquire  u 

atra 


Merriam.  Anguttaj  Obapmtn.  • 

N.  Y.,  M»\  :'-".  !•»»•":  dird  in  Ati 
He  wa.-  iriadiiuN-dat  Colin 
wa>  tutor   in  (Jm-k   aii«l    I... 
IjonCl  rr-.ti-x-T  .-M.r.rk  in  ls-»o 

k  An-ha-ology  an 
1889  till   hw  death.     Ho   wan  also  at 

.itli   the  nenior  active  proles>-.r  in  tin 
of  1'hiliMMiiihy   and  on,-   ..f  tlie  senior  ii 

,  ollem.     In  !"-• 

was  President  <>f  tin-  PhUologiom]  ANNO- 

«-iati«.n:  in  r.-etor  <>f  t 

Si-h«K,i  of  Classical  Studies  at  Atln-n-:  and  in 

R]    ln>titi:te    ot    Ami-rira.       i 
:-:..n>  at  Sic-row  ainl  Icuriu,  and  1". 
L'ution.-,  in  1888  determined  the  birthplu 

lie    puKlislifd    iiuinerou-    j-ajM-rx    '-n    ii 
"Tin-   American    .  Journal  of   1'liilolotr.v 
American     Journal     of    Ardueol' 
\  I.     VII.    and     VIM    of   ti  • 

Books  VI   ami    Vll   of  "  Berodotutn;   md, 

otlicr    \vritiiiL'-.  "The  <  the   Latin    i 

tioii-  on   the  o'tM-lisk   Oat-  in  Central    : 
aixl    "The     Law 
Translation,  and  <  'onnii- 
Miles.  Henry  AdolphoB.  ch-r^\  man.  Korn  in  » 

Ma\    ::•».  l^o-.t  ;  died   in    Hin^han 
.".1.    I-'.'-.      II-     \\:i~    -mdiiated    at     ! 
in    1"-J'.«.    and    at    Harvard    divinity   -ch.v.l 
was     ordained    to    the     ministry    «-f    t: 
«  lain-h  in  Hallowell.  Me.,  in   l*:Vj:  an-i 
pastoral  relations  till  within  a  feu 
In  188«-'63  he  h 
1858-'69  was  necretary   of  • 

.ition  at  Boston;  and  in   1S7»;  *sj 
HillL'ham.      He    edited   the    "  (Juarti-rh 

..  in  l^.Yt  V,'.».  an.  1  pui 
and    b 

I 
'•rhannii 

..!..!     "Tier 
I  "The  Birth  •  : 
Millard.  Harrison.  -•••: 

.  d  in  Sew  Vorl. 
Hi-  reeeived  a  puMie-^-lnKil  . 
in  Italy  :  appeared  as  a  t.  n-  •- 
Florence  in 
Handel  and  Haydn  Or 

N'ork    city  and  • 

private  in   the  7 

the  r-  in  Wa.Hhii 

tiori  l»y  xiiitrinsr  "  Vive  TAn 
•  -      • 
•  •oh.,  on    neir.ir  informed    of    tl 

•ii'/ratulatiii.- 

patriotism,  comm'uwioned   him  u  . 
I'.uh  Infantry,     i 

enmii.   division    <-ommissary,   and   division  ii 
on  the  Ataffc  of  Gen*.  KouW.  •  innea» 


OBITI'AHIKK.  AMKi 


II    I '•Inter ;  «a»  woamlad  »i  rhiekMMWf*  •••*•  I*.     !*•»•• 

• 

*M   •f^ioil. 

miru.-  K*.I»«DMJM**4. 

rka.acuu»      .*>«  U,i  f*  «U»r»b»  «fa|Vn  *  JU  j« 

**  •fttSKr  -'••••  '•<*•»  ft**  * 

-.    eampOftfti    Ilir    ft«0a       1,1.    MWML  .    »1.1    ^cW  f«.  4   (  r*i.f**|*tf  »M«Ml  . 

I 


•  _•  -.        .  I  • :  •  '  -      ' 


.ill  ill  natural  itlttltvotili),  I. ul  in  «HI 

aU.J«* 

-  »rn,.lu.t..l  «|  Ihr  UMoUlf-       Jttlf  t».  I«I4. 

ih.  fcUowtnf  y*a  I.. 


!„ 

)»«  i 

i*»4  «Mfc  iW  »>.i..ii  WT<^ 

«^»« 


h«  foiiowimr  JTMT  b*  •  ••    i  MnV,  M*a  .  • 

I  j«.t..r  •  !    11..    I'r,  .'.v:.  r:ui,    .  I  ..r    •       •     J  ..    .         mm       ,•• 

ri.    STlMllML V&, Wihi iMi iMHmdTtoi 


1*661 
riuir  •  i-«rt  »i 

•Odfaxu   IHM  till  1-71      <Mlf«  dMW?ofll» 
«  8trert   Pmihfirriw,     i^  ,il,  U^,  n/ iu  .- 

riot  •»  PraMrtao    ami  «ad  Mifliato  U«     t»vtu«  a 


OMttf  t. 
•ttofK     An  rwiu 

Htt);-K«tW»lnTh«>J., 

.»»-  tried  in  Mat. 

kutff* 

itnj»>rl«nl  «l««-tr;t 


... 


.  hirb^t  iMMv^Md  ft-     liiinrtii       *  ^ 

•Am..^ 


•  •   •  .-     •  • 


•  HIM  MM      Tlir  Mtt  ••»  Mltkllr    I 

«pfa»to   r^io.«fc4  * 

ri   1»  l>..lp 

JLlH-  KJT-L.   M-J.BLL    *w«ik«ltt  *t       I     •  •  ^.r^lin  F     I         f  I   ••    iJlM^lIn^         ^T^i^flt^tfl    111     l*riflM%^tfl    Ift     IMlL  •••    •&••    MBlVlVlBlll 
•^•1* tMW  WVJfw   wifUOC^DQ    •CCOf\Iin|f    ID    lOv  U^WUMP       pflimiiil^M    1P»    V  i^iiW^^w 

kb  -to-llo.  la  tW  MM 

•Mr.Akup  AMM.  .l.rkM>i,at>.  i-n.    •    LMtfM      "       -     •       '     -    - 
MUT.  17.  i-:« 

Hft.      I  «hef»  Kr  rMMlMd  MHO  J«*» 

.••nt.  and 
itiM  a*  n  rni\<-r*«li«t  oleiYTtnca  at  MHhum,    flMUiaa  OM  ••  UM  rlM  I 


u,  whom 

„•.«!!>  tin  hi.   *ra. 


...luii-u.  .o,..       p  •:>.,-  • 

>•   '     ••        !  > 


-. 


\Ml  RI<  .\\.      M<  »Ria     \.  p 


of  Lutheran  history,  aod  did  mu<  h  t..  cultivate  the 
u*«  fur  hi- 

- 
Gettysburg  U  ooe  of  the  nxwt  vuttablo  in  the  <  ..untrv. 

•      •••  •    •  "*tr)  ;"  >! : 

iMltMof  his*ork»)  mat.  r  .       11. 

.      .         •          II  .-    ...    ,:,.-, 
only  im»Msnt    he    »•*.     Hr    wan   an  mth 
LaftlMr  itadlant  coUertinc  n  •  thine 

•     .     I%.»1    I.Uther   HI  : 

•••Iff.    Betides  u.ai. 
««,  re«te«  and  maguilM  article*,  tracts  and 
<«.  he    put 

'  •'      '-    '        »»lti r,.      IHS1     ; 

-  lletin  and  Ant.  r,-ttachneidcr.  tnu 

Awn  th*  German  (Philadelphia,  •  «l  ed., 

JUxnr^l  H»ek 
riaiiiini  on  I.uth, 
Iknnan  -tin 

on  Geology"  (tr.,  18S1M :   ••  I'.-pu 
Mttion  of  the  GosprU 

in.  the 

iKwrapher"  (1856);  "  1  ••-..•rin.- 

d»  Bora  "<!»&<'); 
Philadelphia.  IsT-i. ;  -guaii/ 

•      .     :   •:,     !   •    -.   i   >:;,„,••     \V.>-I, 

1  -.nil.   Bait  in 

104);     -Bibliotheca     Lutherana "     (Philadelphia. 
I87«t;  Lutheran     Mini>try  " 

(I87S);  "A   Day   in  Capernaum."   initiated   from 
Franc  Delfovch  (1«79);^*TI 

nfcssion  and  the  Thirty-nine 
Journeys    of  I 


"   <m»>;   -Jo  . 

at  Wartborir  and  Cohuiy  "  (1882) ;  "I 


_•_.      annlatcd  from  Koeatlin  (1888) ;  "  Lutheran 
•    •-  ••    •  •      ;    •  .-  ^  .;:.r-    L884);  'Mcmobaof 
•to  8*vfc  r«roily"(l8 

1.  -*-   ..    it 


Jurist.  U«ni  in  Nowtnn.  Conn.. 
April  !«.  1» 

IM  Hr  »ai.  irr»duatcd  at  Yale  in  1854,  and  WOK 
.  ••  •  ••  .'  •  N.  A  Haven  Countj  in  l *.;-;. 
In  1S&&.  1  AM.  1870, 187M880,  and  1881  he  waa  elected 

..........     ii  •    !;,  .......        .  :    ..       --.        .. 


prehi. lent  of  that 
body :  in  1897-tt  was  probate  judge  of  the  N, 
r«i  district ;  and  in  1886  waa  appointed  chairman  of 
•  mmniliiinn  to  revise  the  probate  laws  of  the  State. 

.,-  ;-       -•••-.  '      •••!•.•:,•   •..' 

•i.snd  in  1888  waa  iu  candi<l; 
rvceived  76,174  votes,  a  plurality  of  1,416,  but 
to  receive  a  majority  of  all  votea  cast    In  1890 
•  -rain  candidate  for  Govern  i  party 

leclared  that  he  had  a  majority  of  26  and  a 
ofMSSorw  his  Republican  opi-or, 
followed.    The  content  for  the  office  was 
n  on*  court  to  another,  and  was  held  in 
Mfrtion  till  the  expiration  of  the  term.    In  1892 
J»S*t  Morris  waa  a  third  time  bis  party's  candidate 
far  UMoOee,  ami  «as  elected.     He  was  u 
^tke-tttoofhsr 
stepr.  0«r|a  fc.  lawyer,  bom    in    Morrisville, 


i.  1«W.    Ite  wasjmduated  at  V 
ItiX  took  tike  course  at  the  Harvard  Law  School, 
•dufi  in  Rochester,  and  waa  ad- 
there  in  1860.    Soon  aiterward  he 

•    "  •  -  -    •     .-••..  nd 

»t  was  thirtr  y«n.  old  he  waa  elected  county 

.,...,.    .-,;, 

timed  a  St«u-  Senator  as  a  Re- 
™*3"5Sf_  **  bttaine   a   Demoorat. 

irch. 
.-    : 

1.  McMshnn.and  Isterwith 


».  Henry  Bradford,  .-hemist.  i.,.rn 
Mass.,  .Inn.  lied    in   T- 

'.-  •-      11.    \\ILS  gradtiaU'd  at  Amh< 
took  i» 

at  tin    1  -tinmen  :  and  in 

hnie  In-titnte   ||  ! 

i 

B    \va>  called    «.•   ' 

(  hemi-ln  and  Natural  Seii-nee  in  tin 
Institute,  which  he 'held  till  hi>  d.atl 
jun-r  at  th. 

I  niti   i  \eniment    f.-r    the    d< 

minernlo^\  and  im-talluru'y,  and  >in.-e  1 

pied   the   l.'la.-e  ..|'  chelli 

pany.    II.   received  the  decree  ..i'  I'h.  \> 

•  ;..||    .-t'   etl.. 

I'nivi  t 

M     to     ||, etl.. 

nidi-  <-il   an-l   t'.-r  al-atiiitf  t: 
aanoes     ;ir:-:n/    from    the    j>r»du<  t 
AmonLr  hi-  numerous  pul-ln-ation-  are  u    . 

Qualitative    AIM 
transla'  •  I-  r'-  "  llandl«M)k   »t'  '> 

,  I'hiladelphia.  : 
Ana',  :  and  an   ~ 


<-.!..  1- 

Neumoegen.  Berthold.  i-nt<.m..i.._'i>t.  !..-i  : 
in   l^U  ;  di.-d  in   N«-u    Y'.rk  «-it\. 

•  ruki-r  in  Nt-w  V.-rk  t«-r  rn'any  yi  ;. 
liJ'r  hr  d»-vi-l'-i.«-d  a  di-~in-   t..  inaki-   tin 
m  .-M   beautiful  collection  of  I  >utU;rfUo.*  ii 
and  f.-r  limn-   than   twenty  year>  all   \i\*   l.-i- 
di-v.-t«-d    t«>    this    ..hjcct.      lit-    rcci  i 

' 


ir.-iii     At'rii-u    tlinniu'l"     I>r.    I.ivi 
«  -tlu-rs  thnni^'h    Heiin 

tnenil-i-rs  of  the  Qreely    lieliet'   K\|-edit: 
..I  t'rieu-U  in   vari'-u>  parts  of  tl,. 
ki-pt    '2    men    emi-  loved    in     re.-i-iviin:    and    si 
*pi-i-iiiien>  in  eXCtUOlM  with  other  .-..I!. 
a  sin^'le  eon^it:niiH-nt  he  shipped  •_'«'.  ...... 

Kuropo.     ili>  ••'-ll.-.-tion  er-ntained  1<«'.«"»>  rar. 

Hi-  is  kin-wn   to   have  paid    $K."   for  a  Mliifl* 
-pe.-iiiicii.       Hi-    enlli-i-tion    \\as    exhil-  ' 
^ork  <-ity  in  April.  ls^^.     Then-  are  hut  tu. 
oollectionrt  in  the  world  that    e\<-.  ••<!   in   nun. 
variety  thi.s  one;  one  is  owned   l-y  tin- 
•eon,  and  the  other  is  in  I':. 

Newton,  Henry  J..  manufaetun-r.  l-om 
eut   in    IH-J.'J  ;  died   in    NI--.V   V'-rk 
F<T  n  he  waa  a  tnen. 

I.eiirht.  Bradbury  A:    Newton,  pian.-   im 
and  at  the  time*  of  1m  death  u. 
Ncwtr)n-.Merritt  Bn-n/e  <  'oinpany.     H«-  was  p- 
of  the  photograph  ie  department  «'! 
stitute  tor  t"  .  the  invent"  r  of  the  .i- 

proccKH  of  photocraphy,  I'resi.ient  ot'th.  ' 
of  New  York,  and  a  member  of  the  < 

the  Brooklyn  Institute.     The  ton  j!. 
waa  fitted  up  a»  a  lal-oratory.  where  he  htud'n  ••; 
1-hysicR,  ami  aHtronorny.  and  ilur 

-   life   he  L'UVe   much    t: 

-piritiialism.     In  the  Mimti,' 
became  chainnan  of  a  e..mmiv,  .-  to  \< 

uena  of  an  alleged  materiflliiadoo  >.;> 

L'uni  and   h.  rl».     'I' 
met  at  ' 

.  and  the  name  of"  '11 

•  ••    .       -       -.    ,  ,.  nl   \    the   '.i.  a    -A  a-   lal-.'-n  115. 

l.y    II.  ,tt    ari-1    M  • 

. 

Indian  -lairiM-d.      \' 

the  Theov-phieal  ^  _-inate<l  in  1 

not  in  Asia,  that  all   t! 

afterthought,  and  that  they  constitute.!  a  ti--tion. 

Hewton.  John.  -oldie  t. 
1828;  diet] 

graduated  at  Went  I'oint  in  1K4-J.  -tand' 
achwuof  M,  and  waa  commiaaioncd  -jd  lien- 
engineers,  and  aiwigned  to  duty 


ut*i»- 


.-      • 


the 
nient  of  the   BOMUDV 

J-^* 

-.U,    I...I     a 

...... 

otft  fiaMlft.  •^    IMAI          I  ' 

w!3l  with  tfc   Um)    •  •     V  • 

aftinn»at\Vr.(  I 
Od  oampaiifti.  | -art  i.- 1 1. at  in*  In  the  fore- 

Uatffht*  »' 

>h  80.  186S.  and  look 
polcn.    In 

tl.r 

•^oM 

iriiur  the  la»t 

..       •       -. 

,.  ,    ,;.»,     . 
•• 

Oeoqria,  takiof  port 

t«-.l  in  the  capture  of 
he  had  Yirioaa  dia- 
I8M,  vboi  r.   on 


«9;4ie4 
f7.  i-» 


iTmll?  ^nrii'H "^  ili>.lf^^Ml>*B*«^i^ 

MS.  omi'jis  SSSfSBJ^-^J^  ^QpJBh.  fraSLSrSB 

InthePenn-  l^SteT.?..^^ 

I  command  of  t  nd  Aaila^jof  jrfai>        IU  •«.  ,/u 

drath  t»f  Gefi.  aMilinrrf"  ft  Tn^ln  n  Til  i  i 


•Ojfe  •  ^.  •  i 
•nl  in  the 


.,  .    • 

.    .    ... 
•  .  • 

;  »l-> 
•r  and  of  the  fort  at 


•:  -  . 


rocka  at   . 

f  new  antwratu*.     ll< 
t.  34,  W  4  an.1  ! 


-.  Lot  h..  ~«a  «•» 


886   (ae«  -  Annual 

• 

Troy  t« 

dand 

«  haniplain   were    placed 
•.he  waa 

«•  ran 

1    h ; »  ri  ' . r •  •    >  ' 

mmohakwr  of  l»uhlic  Work.  In 

from  the 

one  that  noi»- 

.  ..     .   v        •  •    •     -          -  •  • 

i'.ritain.  «'u«n  .    \uc.T. 
-att^i  at  Arnh.r-t  «        •  „•• 

.  lrm>  ;  uurht  In 
•a?.  i«a-t.-r  of  th.     J 
ream;  ami 

DooT«r»  fcrthm- vmiv     I 
r  Kntain.  and  tor  efavao  yea\r»  •  a* 


a  trial.  a«d  oo  lW   Ii  afri  m  ••  W  I 
drew  faa*  the   "alial     U 
•hb 


AKIIX    AMl-:i:i'    \N.     (PAINK-I'im.ui-., 


v.,.,  .    ,,    .,.:-',• 
'      .      '          .-  II. 


and  as  the  unveiling  of  BarthoM 

l,«rU.r.  he  delivered  an  ad- 
la  Fnoch  thai  wa»  highly  commended  by  the 


He      ,«    tffB.lu.1^1     at      ^ 

«-«im.  partor  of  <rchat 

MU  in  1864.  and  for  many  yean 

of  ihr  Xrw  Jerusalem  Oiunh  in  Boston.     II. 

otitof  Helm  «  .iii-i  id. 

•  ure  in  unraveliiiir  the 

-      U        :n   „..     an     :,,-kl,..«l 

Am»nir  lii"  wiMi- 

Tnl 
ta 

-        .    • 


^^pfkmofthfcanc 


Pater- 

i.ichhmpentthirty-ttvi- 
•  reconstruct" 'I  the 


;arv   onVer.   born   in   the 
Indian  rwefralion.  Tooawanda,  N 

in  Fai  rleM.  was  u  full- 

blooded  Seneca  I  nd  nut. 

kacoarM  at  the   K«-n*»elaer  I'olyt.ehnie   In 
and  -tudieil  law;  hut  aw  Indians  had  then  no 
/<>nahip  he  could  not  he  admitted  L.  tin- 
received  an  apjM'int! 
'ofthe  I'll.'  .nn\.    While 

....  .  ?,.-».'  I    .  .  !  •    be<  arm   intimate  With  Ul.VSSeS 

be»finningof  the  ,-ivil  war  In  en- 
tered the  National  army;*-.!!  afterward  was  ap- 
potated  by  (ten.  (Jrant  one  IN  and 

.luriiur  the  latter  |*rt  of  the  war  was  mi 
tary  U.  that  ll.-wiwi- 

faoetal  of  volunteer*,  Apr.  •,  186ft,  and  captain,  major. 
Uvotaoant  cotant-:  i  hrijrudier  •_'.•!.• 

the  regular  anuy.  Mar.  2.  1*<>7.     Aft.  r  tl 

•  .   ••••_-.  and    in    1869  was 
'-ited  ConUPlaaioner  of   Indian    Attain*.     Hen 
thia office  in  1*71.  and  in  1*76  received  an  up- 

York.-itv. 

i  the  repairs  to  the  buildings 
purchased  its  aupplu  - 
I'arkrr  owned  and  alwav*  kept  the  gold  pen  used  by 

'.rant  in  nirninc 

Pirsoat    Lewis  Eliphalet  lawvi-r.  l.-.rn    in    Hr-.-.m.- 

n  Tnlludega, 
\lft.June 


AUu  June  a,  18M.    He  wa»  educated  in  the  puhlie 
•rnools.  studied  law,  and  in  1840  sett!,  d  in  Ta! 
Al*.    lie  was  elected  te  the  Legialatur 
•eMativ*  of  the  State- aid  and  internal 


««f»  IB  IMS,  when  be  oppomd  the  militia  avatem  of 

•     •  ••  ..  •„• v,  nnii(  tit 


niim-nt  had 
ne  «.  1865,  he  was api* 

abama.  and    he   applied 
MMiftotlMwarkorfWMmatroction  ti 
«b*«  he  wa.  tteeted  United  8tat-  ut  he 

^-^1  the  M«t  because  of  tl 
.- tv^  to  the  reconstruction  t> 
4MM.  lie  sAcrward  served  several  terms  in  the  IXMT- 


. 


Ho,iM>in  1B7S. 
••ffll*  Ml. 

-    *  York  ei- 
|<H«de  f.,r  art  at  an  ear 

•-    who  were 

••I  »«Tir»  he  wa»  cntrstfe<l  in  scene 
rblls.i-li.hu  New  Y.-rk.  Haltimor 
n  Id  \n.f,.  .'injf 

•p*r» ;  in  l«&5->ao  was  a  c 
f  Frank  I^Vu:  and 

iHy  rfr.f  Inr^l   for  M-t  •  fi,  ,  ,„,  ,„-, 

A«Wwfebdrsti»r..  t>t.rn  the  esUbliah- 
taww  b*  furni*hcd  a  lanrt 
I  Vtun^ue  An.-r,  „ 

!!•<-«  t  .r  marine 
Par  ffMny  y«ar*  bHbr«  his  deat 


hiniM-lf  almoNt  wholly    |,.  paintiiiir.  treating  ! 
larly  tropit-al  and  mar,-  \\hich  he  nl 

a  hiu'h  reputation. 

PerldM.  William  Eufui.  poet.  I-TI.  in  K 

"ndu.-ted    h\     hi-    mother  and    hy   an   . 

nUahed  teacher  for  man;  lentmtht 

and  ii 

Itor,  remaimni:  three  \ . 

i  law  and  wa-  admitt. 

:\ania.      I' 

.  iinr  tr'aii-terred   in    1 

1  T\  .       Ill    1--.".    he    Mil •: 

i  of  teach  ing  in  the  unis«-r-.- 

turn,  in  1s-.  ...!•  -d  to  the  ehaii 

'•-ity.      In  ! 

;;lte  to  the  eighth    eetiteliarv   o|'  tl 
of  Hoi  .dtellded   t) 

few   iii-.iith>  in    traveling  in  Kiiu'land    ai 
turning  to  the  univrr.~it\  in  the  autumn,     hi 
ly    pultlihhed.  under  a  p.  n    name,  the  • 
••  KleiiM>."  and  in 
mi>leadiiiL.r  title  of  "  Kl> 
pui>li-hed  in  t'hiea^".      Two  .,)'  |  :  iuon<»- 

S-ai'h>     "History    »\'   the    Trai-piM     Ai 
elh-ray  "   and  "  tfie  Amai: 

were  panlished  h>  the  state  1  Hi\. 

maun'  : 

.•h.  apparently  at    the 

career,  *  loss. 

Peny.EuftuiLewil.  eleri/ymaii.  l>orn  in  Smith  ( 'oinity, 

Tenneaaee.aboa1  !•»;'.:; :  <lied  in  !{!• 

He   W  a»  the  .-on    d] 

.hut  Mil.*. 

his  escape  and  undertook  to  tin 
Kufus   was  graduated    at    Kaiam. 

.Mid   wjis  ordained   and  inMulled   i 
Second    Huptist    Chun-h    in    Ann 

(  letol.er  of  that    \  • 

mi>-ionar\   work;  afterward   \\u*  i-up«  r: 
-   for  ten   \ . 

.'  \   ofthe  Con.-..; 
*ionar\ 'Convention  ;    and   for  many  ycurs  e«i 

National  Monitor."     He  wa- 

thu  bv»t  icholan  the  negro  ran-  i 

the  author  of  numerous   work-   n-.juii 

:  and  wa-  an  accomplished  liiiL'uiHt,  espedaw 
In  Hebrew,  Sanskrit^  Kren.-h.  and  ' 

he  delivered   a  w'u-ntifie  leeture   on  -  l.itrht  "  bta» 
the  State   rniver-ity  at    l.oui>vill. 
mihlieatioiu*  is  "  Tlie  Cu-hite  :  or.   The    ' 
I  lam  a-  -<•< n  1'V  Alu-ieir 
Phillips  Philip.  sini:iii_  L,  l-'rn  in  Ct 

with  l.-.w ell  Mu>oii.  and  in    , 

: 

Met  ho  :  al  Chureh.  the   humc  \ 

inir    his    tir-t    mu>i«-al    eom|M,*iti,,i,,    entitled   >k  ^O^ 
In  l"»'d  he  ojH-ned  a  i  >n_^B' 

einnati.   and    puhli-hed  M  ML 
the  eivil  war  he  ) 

•f  tin-  North  to  aid   tin-   Chri-tmn  Comi 
Arter  the  war  he  settled  in   New  York.     In 
went  to   Knirland,  and  held  r'n<£J| 

and    prepared    for    the    I'.ri' 
I  iijon  -  The    An 

.'»OO,000  coj»i' 
he  niii'  t  tour  of  the  world,  hoi 

:he    Sandwieh     Islali 
Zealand.  I'alcstii.- 

t   KupijK-.      He    puhlislied    I 

•  •hiefiv  n-liiriou*.  im-lu 

;  ,       ,,-hool 

: 

thrtHit'hout  the  World."   with   a   hioi/raidiieal  MaH 
(1880);    and  ices   with 

Heading"  (1 


OBI7TAKIB&  AMK  Piiitt*    P»i.) 


<*•  t*i**H [***».«*»  y»*»*  *">"  •  ~- 

..-a     M««II  i  .^aWf .  *. 

^i?iiiT!^w MU|°  u***'** !•*•* >|M> i '  •  •J*****^ * "" 


^1    *    It* 

air  i^ 


u?  igt^to.^^  fT^.1 

:  »-.-..  .        v          , 

X*S$»Sfm  +*mtlJli 


.  Aug. 
l 


-  • 

V          II.     »*. 

.rtfallantn      In  U* 


Va. ;  ami  lie 

all  ..„  Man  I,      N 

»ar     eUy.a^MllMMiaia^ 


:in.|Hii|fn.  m^ivtnir  a  wouoa  at     I. a. I  unttm  DWMpaw  awiafba  «*  i^at  «al  «U^  •» 

o*.  a»J  JM»J  Ua»  ISiiiil  lial  W  la*  »4ati 
war.  Iwetuaa  of  hi*  wound,  wan  oo  Uutr  a«     l.i»»rahan«'  Aaaaaiatk«b 


<lutr 
-t  inamhal.     In  .  •«  a» 


,c. 


UH  ; 


as  mduaUil  at  HatuilUiO  fontMOjr  te 
RoJUu-r.  X.  Y...na  «a- 

in*  of  aOTrlc*    h»    *M 

,inc«,  UM   ir*4   aA|4i4 

nber  follow  lion  of  UM  CM 


law  ,.u 

anuiolr.    H«oi  Al^ka,  aurr. 

ii   le»&8he  afovUfbfMK 

teMbUoan:  In  land 

ttrictattoroey  for  rataWWw 


T.  1HSS;  Jl 

•  IM  k»n»«luat« 

atul  «u-   IT- 
Marvh  .%  IMS;  n 

kiit   ntl««tii<l 


*m  j-n-ti.-.-  ral.  N« 


•rmt«-  arniy  und«r 
lUd  •  -.  091 

,r  Ohio  in  thr   .. 

.tn  at  UM 


AMEBK    AN.      (I'ORCHKfc-REMM.  K 


r  Fraads  Peyi*  phv, 

• 

-  II.    wju.  graduated  at 

the  ri\il 

x    He  was  President  of  the 

M       ,:  \         /    '.     •    --.  .    '..-'••< 
«T  the  editor,  of  the 

and  Review."  hsving  chsrgr  of  Uie  volum.  s  pub- 
la  1880-tft  sn.l  in  1*7.V7«.  For  niuiiv  years 
i  devoted  his  lei.  >tanv, 

id  written  much  upon  thst  snd  medic.. 

lofthr  IMsnUaml  Perns  of  St.  .Mm 
uir  M-  Carolina 

-   -       .  ..;•    ...         Plants  of  thj   l  nited 
SiC«(New  York,  f£t . ;  »  llhiM r 
whh  the  Microscope  and  <  1m,,, ,1  Investigations  aided 

v:    -       ;      ,-..!      v.i,    ,    .. 
iCl^astnn.  1841);  and  "Resource*  of  the  Southern 

.        •       ;:    .,    ..:.:--      -  ..-.  i.ditio,,. 

!     .,..       •     •-      •  -..!    s.i,.,:!, 

•  M..-.-  .  M.  lkM  and  Therapeu 
*to  Medical  College  of  South  rarolino. 

ftst,  FUhf  Bttasy,  lawyer,  b»rn  in  Florida.  Orange 
Count? .  N 

tan.  «,  189&.    He  was  graduated  at  Union  Col- 
.  .     •     -•--...;.-•.  i-    .••-•       i..r,  -      .  .. 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Illinois  fa  1856,  and  sot- 
tied  in  Galesburg.     In  l-d  Ii.- ••nt.-r.-l  tl 
army  aa  »d  lieutenant,  .v.-th  Illinois  Intantrv;  was 
promotod  lor  gallant  services  to  the  rank  of  brevet 
general ;  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  was  in 
of  the  district  of  western  Texas.    He  was 
at  Vienna  in  1866,  was  eooaul-fen- 


for  AttrtrU-Hungary  in  1 874-79,  and  was  elected 

torn  •• '•<•>  LOtt  ' 


1886-^88 


; 


Iswyer,  born  in  Kppinir, 
Feb.  *S,  IMS;  died  then-  Feb.  22,  189:..     He 
•ssgraduated  at  Dartmouth   in  1  •»:.«;.  tuiiL'ht  in    Kp- 
pina?.  then  atmliml  law.  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
;•     -..••,.,...-•  a:i3  oouMotod 
with  the  -Independent  Democrat.^    Afterwurd  he 
served  for  three  years  as  a  specisl  agent  of  the  United 
Kuies  Tressory  Department,  being  removed  during 
JohnsonVi  administration.    In  1872,  1873, 
1874  he  was  elected  Secretary  of  State, 
1*77  and  1878  was  elected  Governor  of  New 
a»  s  Krputiliran. 

Charles  Atwatar.  clergyman,  born  in  New 
nn  West  View. 

A  181ft.    In  1M.1  he  was  called  to  the  pastor- 
ate of  the  Baptist  rhun-h  at  Rondout,  N.  Y.  : 
the  following  year  w.-m  to  the  First  Baptist  rhun-h 
at  Newhon.  where  he  also  became  principal  of  the 
fcmale  semlnsij.    He  removed  to  New  c  Mean 
call  to  a  pastorate  in  1  *47.  snd  sulnu 

•••••••   H  ;  9  Bdr»Sald<  .-! 

Wtsu  Insciuite.  South  Carolina.  In  the  early  part 
•Mhe  civil  .  arhr  became  a  refugee  and  returneT to 
Ne«lwrff.and  d«- 

«Kef  KbBe  Instnietton  for  the  Eastern  District  of 
Vtnhoia,  and  be  also  became  Governor  of  tl 


E.  botanist,  born  in    Middlctown, 

:  died  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Feb.  8?! 
fSfci  •?n>a<y       a  manuff  ,r  wheels  in 

•*a,  bseoming  in  time  a  partner.    About 
^aml  fra  Mtitr,  buainess,  sj ; 

•       •    -  .;.;,•}, 

•..-  Umo  in  the  rooms  of  the 
Xaturml  Hckncea.    lit  was  elected  con- 
Mwileal  seetion.  and  undertook  the 
ggfoff  ^cateioguiiut  th. 

If*  bad  e^Dpleted  the  whole  group 
•th   ss^m  ...   «l^».      |Ie  ^^  nT, ,.,.,.,,    th'c 


.  hairmjm  ol 

immittee.    Mr.  K.-dti.-ld  had  pul'li^lu. 
.•ii  tin-  tl«»ni  "t  Mitunt  hi-M-rr. 
Remey.  William  E..  naval  ..M-..-.T.  )».ni   • 

niariii' 

:  r  .......  t.d     ! 

Ll'tain.  .liitir    '.'I.    1>«T-. 
.Inn.-    1'J.  I"H|;  ,,,,d   \\a>   n-tin-.l.  .luiu-   !. 
own  application.     In  1S<>'J  and  a  ; 
atta.-ln-.l    t"  thr    '  'in.-  '   ;  in 

duty  lit  tin-  nuirini-  Imr;. 
was  attachcil  t<>  ;  • 

Vanderbill 

tM|iiu<lnni  in  l^'1'"-  ''•:  :  "i>  tl 
llain|'-liir.'"in  l^ls;  ut  tin-  inurini-  Imrr:. 
di-lphia    in    IHI;S 
I    I 

nUH 

:«.-    North    Atlanti.-    ^ 
th«-n  n-turiH-d  to  niariiu-  lu-adquar1 
rin»-  "tlircr  '  \\  tin-  Smr 

Wo-1?*'-  and  MM  tin-  South    Atliin1 
77.     In   1*7*  '*«' 

oral  of  tht-   navy,  ami   from    I^M*  till    ), 
hfld  the  oHi,  'K-ral. 

Eenwiok.  Henry  Brevoort.  «'ivil  i-n^in.  ••  r.  l.-r 


York   «'it\,  >«-|.t.    1.   lv!7:  di«-d   th.  n-  .Ian. 

:-   a   -"ii   "'    .IJHIH--.    Ivcnwii-k.   j>h\>ifi>t.   and  u 
lip.th.-r   ••!'  .lam.-s    K.-nwi.-k 
jrraduatetl  ut  Columbia  «'olh-ir<-  in  1886: 
time    in    <-oinnnT«-ial     l>u^in«-»  ;    ftu«li. 
m.-chani.-al   .-niriiuM-riiiir  :  .-m.-n-d  th.-  MTV  ice  ••!*  tin- 
United  State*  Govi-rniiM-nt  a*  an   a-H-i.-t.. 
and  \\  m.Tot'th.    I 

Boundary  Oommiasion  in  IM«>  '-i-j.    In  IM- 
tered  the  Patent  ' 

was  appointed  the  tir>t    I'nit.-d    - 

vcHHelH  at  the  port  of  New  Yorl 
enirineerinir  M-rvi.-e  for  the  fJovcrntnent,  he 
gaged  in  important  work*,  in.-ludin/  tl,. 
at  Sandy  Hook  and  Ktrtr  HaH«.r.  and  tl.- 
settled  the  h«nmdary  line  l..-t  \\et-n   Ma 
Hrun*w'u-k.      II«-  was  pp.l.al'ly  )«e-t   kn- 

pert  to  patent  oism    Amoni:  th.-  •'-- 

in  which  he  testifie.I  were  the  -ui1 
invention  of  s.-win«r  rna.-hiii' 

er.  and  the   I'.ell  telephone. 

fienwick.  James,  ar.-hit.-.-t.  l».rn 

.    l-l-»:    di.-d   then-  June    . 
graduated  at  ('olumhia  Coll.-/.-  in   I"".'1.,  in! 
fondue—   t«-r  ar.-hite.-tnre   from    hi*   father. 
engaged  in  <-i\il  eiiL'in.  «  riin'.     He  -np.-rint. 
.•on*truetioti   oi'  the  <listrihutiiiL'   n-«-r\o5r   <>n    F 
avenue  an-: 

aqueduct.      When   the  v.  -try    ..f  <;ra.-«-   <'hi;! 
chased  the  property  ..n  M  roadway  n<  ar  T<  nth  -'r>->  ' 
hin  plans  for  the  new  huildir 
nla<M-«l   in  eharu'.-  "f  the  work,  and 
hiiilding.  with  the  exception  of  l  i  *  *&* 

ah<-  fir^t  one  I'ein^  ..f  wo<Ml  ..  in  l  -  •  .\*  anV^ 

ward  delected  an  UP  hr  '  np-h  and  o 

'.ur.-li   .,f  the    Puritan-,  and   b*efoi 
lniahed.0fl  the  invitation  of  the  r.-tr.-nt-1*  of  thefl^^H 
sonian    Institution.    Washington.    I>.  «'..   h<    i 

Knew   Iniildinu'.  wlii.-li 
C  was  aUo  arehite.-t  "f  th. 

ty.      In  I""'-".  IK-  «a.-  invited  • 
prepare  plan-  for  a  cathedral  ? 
on  Fifth  avenue,  ami   his  j,l:i- 
COni'  be  .-aihedral  was   lai-i 

the    l.uildiliir    win*    <Iedi.-at.d    M: 

•     of  the    two   tow.  • 
Kenwick  also  wan  the  ar 

f  Vasaar  College,  I'oinrhk--  Aim- 

a\enu<-  and  Twi-nty-tliird  Stn-.-t  :  t! 
rhristiari  Association  huildin/:  the  m   '•  'T"^' 

-k   SfM-k    Kx.-h:.- 
public  buildings  OH  Pdackw.-ir-  and  liandalT- 


"III.  AM  KICK  AN 


of  th«  old 


UiftttTv  |O  titakti 


•  ilratlt    tf 

k   had  DM0 
hejuurrhaMofti 

il"     .lied   in    M.lr>~ 


**  '      '      *      )        '  •  ^ 

A^ 

•  M  tf»n»fcm»i  A 

, 


WfMtMl  IW  ««V  IBpN 


•uMd  ranch  unfavorai>l 
•pcion  HMOM  bill,  l.ut  h,  *a*  rv  ^ 

:.ry  Baama.  .-lu.-aior.  boni   in 
anrh  SO,  i«.xV     He  wa*  tfraduat4tl  ..• 

•t  EuWo|ial  C'hurvh  hnmediatelf  oii.r  Icav- 

.11 . 

•  a*  called  to  a  Miiall  .-l.ur.  • 

Old 

;rvh.  Baltimore,  in  Portland,  Mr.,  in     »l< 
Hta«o.  .  and  in  Cincinnati.   In  188S 

torical  Thcoltvv   in     to  ftw  Uw    . 
-ton.  III.:  .. 

WM  Prvaidrnt  of  the  inathitthNi    on  U»e  yraye  pliyOoaefm.    lt,'l«T»i^ 
'"•aor  of  Practical    iheoloffy.     About  two     lie  pfwMaa  liiav  wUb  a  g%44  MMaai  fc*  MK 

...I.-  a  trip  •  n«l  vbitni     to  r  rvorh  (rap»c«ltaf«.aft. 

-•ion  rtationf  in  India,  China,  and  Jai«n. 

-.kn,.n- 


nai  and  Palo* 


n  July  li.  lf«^a«rM^*«liW  (^»^*» 
of  llooor  fr»«.  tW   rt»*»k  11       iMiMI  a» 


lai,,-"     >-  I1.     •:!:.         I 

mul  • 

atKl  i  aiiliilalli  to  dMI 


-- 

incton,     fora 


i 
-•• >.-•      '    ' 


f  w«>rk,  an«l  in  M 
-  i~*th  lllinob  Vc 


>ancc,an«i  thrw 

chtbiled  a  . 

atodrinflnWta.    He     one  of  th.  « 

in  Kankakre  Cc 

.-    a.    a    la>-  •  '  Stlmtm  of 

Mr  w«»  in-\t   «  !..-A.-.   . 

18  he 

if. 


><M|    ^H*"^  *•  •»  •*t>^  •• 


WT*«»  that  they  hr 


...... 


OBITTAKIKS.   AMI  KM    \\.      Urn  1.1 


*»  to  U*  National  Mi 
than* '.000 


at  Washington.    I- 

•  •    .     x   :..-••• 

ati-rittl.      It 

in  the  United  States, 


•WTiaifa.  fiiJjoUykal  *»n,pl-.     I 
0««U)   ws»  occawJoowf  by  a  fall   In.  in   I 


trow   his  »ul>urhan   homo.     llu  wan 
»ith  a 
uati  onj  uinporaninnt  •  TJanr  mrmp!  —  :  •—  —  T'  ;• 

.k.-OOIIlplif). 

101978  IM  msrri,  .,,,n,,lm»: 


ifikb 

Scotland. 


JUiiadar  Bay.  mgravor.  Urn  in  (ilaagow. 

' 
lie  was  oducaUMl  in  an  at  the  Royal 

•MT  William  Allan,  an.l  • 
f«»r  drawing  during 


:; 


t'«». 

m  ttMu.l.-nt 
taken   « 


•rr  in*  an  apprenticeship  t..  a  firm  .-I.  In--. 

•V.    -  .;,,,,,,;  ,-,  p.  i.:  ,-, 

oved    to  Cana.la.  where  be   engaged   in    jN.rtnni 
'     amed  steel  engraving     Kn»n  < 

1  !••  was  elected  an  •*- 
of  tii- 

in  1-71.    Ho  became  the  foi 


er  in  stipple  and  mczsotint   in    the   United 
snd  produced  notable  original  ei.mj...-it;..!,-. 
Ilk  hart-known  engraving*  sre :  "  Lady  Wash 
Baoaption  Dav."  :.  Hontington;  "On  the 

March  to  the  Sea,11  after  II. -nn 

Lincoln,*'  the  last  three  after  hi- own  paintingH  ;  ••  Th.- 
First  Reading  of  the  Emancipation   Proclamation/1 
after  Carpenter ;  -  Wa»l 
•Tho   KIIM    Blow 

to  the  Sea."     il 

•  and  hu  Generals*;  M  Mercy  knocking  at  the 
-.g  out  Moses  for  th. 

.  •    -  It.Kv         ill,,.',     fj.fif   «  "     /1s71,'      on/1      i-.rlr..it« 


loot  Oeanj*  Frederick,  musical  composer,  Urn   in 
ass^  Aug.    SO,   18*0;   died  on   Bailey's 
'    g.  6, 1896.    He  was  hr 


Besides  many 
IHUMC.  and 

in-tru- 
th.    prin 


farm  till  his  eighteenth  year,  when  he  wait  to  Bos- 

.         •      •         ...'.:    :          .-••-..    -•   .  u   ,,f  nm-i,'. 

and  in  lHl»-'44  was  in«tni.  t' r  in  the  p,ii.Ii,- 
and  also  director  of  music  in  ••  rhuivhes.     lie  then 
to   New  York  city   and   taught  till   1850, 
spent  a  year  in  Paris.     In  18/> ' 

the   ••la-publishing  firm  of  Root  & 
a^o.  an.l  took   up  hi-  in  that 

city.    Ha  waa  the  originator  of  normal  mn-i.-al  in-ti- 
toiMsand  was  one  of  the  faculty  when  the  fir 
wa.  b«M  in  New  York  city  in  185X.    Beside 
popular  songs,  he  composed  much  sacred  mu 
pttblisbad  -Teral  collections  of  vocal   and 
•MMsi  mask,  pamphlets  on  harmony  and  tl 
eipU.  of  t«ching7and  articles  in  musical  perio.li.als. 
Many  of  his  war  songs  were  rery  popular 

.    of  Prwdom"    was    inspfrod   i,y   the. 
nm  of  President  UncolnNi  second  call  for  troops. 

•."•.-  .-..  i.;-  ,,,ii,d.«!,,i 

tfcohsk  waa  scarcely  dry  when  the  song  was  h 
a  w«r  ainrtnt.  to  bo  used  afterwsnl  in  camuTon 
even  on  the  Held  of  battle.    There 
for  Mr.  Root's  mu> 
In  1884  bo  crossuJ  the  ocean  for 
snaodug  several  moir 
i  he  found  his  own  compo- 
v.  and  board  his  own  songs  fre- 
^IUa   Mend  J.  Curwen  Spencer,  of 
P*™,^"  by  showing  in  the  musical 
SrSSOT**  Muawun  r 

*l«or  Dr.  Booths  works  reprinted  in 
&•  was  ,<»  of  the  tbfndcn.  of  «r  school  of 
J  AmrrirM  masic.    A  partial  list  of  his 
*•  tS^ii1"1  °°!tto  lWO.«how.  74 
f-f  wbirh  were  others  associated  with 


- 


14  printing  presses  at  work 

freedom.*1    "Tramp!    I  Milieu 

near  the  close  of  th.  war.  an.l  ha«l  only  a  v< ., 

il  during  that  time  it  ca 
000.    Work  wa*  IUM  pleasure,  and  h.    i, 


:i!'v!ut<-  vamtioti    t'r<>tii    it.      Hi-    j 
.'.     He  wa«  tall. 
\\ith  a  tine  -  .tn<l  an  atm»-|'li' 

fo  I  iiiv.r-ity  in  is-J.     Hif  l«M-kiifiwn 

I  Ml"  (Ifi 
ri.-   Klc.wvr" 

:    --.I',-:    before  tin-   Itattlr.  M"1 
u  Tramp!  Train).!  Tramp!  tin-  !'• 
H864);  -The  u|,l   F.-lks  an  \  I 

Yean-  '1<1    I'-.t..,,. 

"  Thi-n-V  Mu>ic  in  tin-  Air":  ami  the  rantuta 
.:i.l  "  Tin-  lla\n... 

Eothermel,  Peter  Frederick,  arti.-t. 
I'a..  .lulv  Is,  1S17:  .li.'<l   in   (ira.HMn.-rr. 
1895.     li<  r. 

ied   land    Mirv.-vinir,   l>f«-amc   a   - 
twenty  years  old,  and  hf*m  alt.  i  -A  an!  ua-  lr.1 
drawii  ..HL'  an  art    c\liil>iti'>n  in  th 

•  lelphia  Aoademy.     He  began  hb  art  cui 
trait  i.ainter.  but  at  then-  u  a>  then   "ii! 
mana  for  poitnuta,  he  turned  l,i-  att.-i.- 
ical   subjecta.      In    ;-'••'.   li<-   -p.-t.t    a   -i.-rt    • 
London  ami  I'ari-.  an<l  tin  n 
ratarning  to  PbUaoelphia  in  Jalj1  18o9.    "'' 
honorary   ineml.er  of  • 
nijrn    and    an    a.-ti\«-    ni.-n,1 
Academy  01 

.          ..    .•./     "  .      \!  :  •  .  "       i-H    : 

barkation  of  Colombtw  n  ;  -rhnMian  Maii\r 

.in*';  a  wr. 

ofth.  :  -Th.-  VirtuoHo" 

•»  Vandyke  and  Ruben" 
of  a  pow   of  ForreHt   in    Lon«l<.n    H*. 
Hrnry  before    the   Virginia    Il< 
M8t  Agnea"(18:.M:  -  I'unl 
fore  Ajrrii-i 
"Trial  r,f  >ir  H,... 

(flninhed  in  I    in  Memorial   H. 

ia):    "Th«    I.an-i-.kn.-cht 


»  "**•  *°  •r«  »w»ni  me  pen 

BOOL    At  OM  UiM  hb  pvblishers  had 


phia):    "Th«    I.an-i-.kn.-cht 

;  "Columbus  before  Isabella 
itatin^r  the  Murder  of  Dnru-an  '  : 

Amy  BoDMUt  interceding  for  Man> 

of  hi*  paintings  have  been  engraved. 


ft,  AMKRI 


William  B«Ubr4.  >,.    larj    |     •       • 


'  ut  of  UM 


.ib^T^^DM.1 


•OMOt  at  Ka 

'     • 
I  i  il.l  . 


ysp  £.££?  i±£*r 

••'•)  1Mb  »».«r«  *Jw    |  i    |  *  ,  jj  j 


!-hia,    l'«  .   Ml 
KM     111. 

• 


««mn,  la  JMM.  IM»  .  4tal 
i     II.  . «»  t^  «« 


ii  uiirn 

I.  alltl. 

plrtoo.     Dml 

.,.,,,.         ...       i; 


,1  M      invco.     for 
tbodted  nMr  of 


•VM  article,  of    aM,- 
Autfutta, 


rrn    IDHBli    "'--I    "M    r-    «.••'-, 

•  -I  thomwl /«•  in 

Tcoij-irton  m*  inaniiU.  tt.  Thi»  u>  v«ff»*n 

JWn  ur-can«  inUu^iry.  and  Tb««fc 

ul  A»ialic  cooninr.  to  \l*    . 

v«ot«l   inip«o%r.  of  IW 

..ns.ia.-m Mr  lim*  and  MOCK  - 

Tor  tat  b«n»iU  of  nbda  of 

uanc*  Bureau,  and  rJWl*J  U»c  ligiav 

rh.t  O.r   |.r*  '  IU  ^ 

>r  rifled  cannon  projectilcn  had  been  dVaM»-  !«f» 

l.e  tarty  put  of  the  dril  «ar  CUHMI  la«  »a 


bj  fool  pom.     CkkMMb 

acbine  abop  In        Inaftar  laair  Hatam.   1  aijaaa.  tarn 

..    !    r   .,     ••  M     tor 

badrvUh3  lufjJuU  i.  iMt  «aWiW» 

»Afar.ltP^lW  i  i  i^i.«^aw»A 
IM  vlMilM  >«M»  «U :  ••  ml«tel  at 
^ofU^OUWX^V^WlM^aM 


hi*  intent,  and  U»*ir    aHow  hMi»  aa4  ttwt»  iat»  ia«aa. 
ed;Ut  tiMGoma-     «»4»»iW«^aof  M»«««luaai  fc 


'.' 


< >iu  i  I'ARIKS.  A M i:i;ir  A N.    (SiiLTB— Sura.) 


ik«  l  mini  stale* 

IBw    %  Mii^i.    "^s^*^*" 

Ho 


UM  Howard  Prssi 


1865-71  he  wm  pu~ 

hllicic 


K.  V  :  MM     n 

• 


.  an.i  in,  .l«u. 


nimiiUn 

^.  Eta 

•rill*  la  Japan.    llm-n... 
fcrittur  U.no  in  IV^-lni...  «al  ..  «' 
lived  Ul  Wtochastrr      I  If  puMinln 

...;,.-,       „        •    M.,.ir.iVlndiu. 

Bazaar  Book,  or  the  Vernacular  Teach- 

,,*nioo"(18«6)r:  Sweet  Savon  of  Divine 

Tr-h.-  J  catrehUm  (IMS);  and  -Spiritual  Teach- 

.  educator,  born  in  II. 


»-'5*  and  at 
.  raj  otdaJatd  i-\  th.- 

Cl««iofScheoecU.lv  in  1858:  and  was  pastor  of  the 
.      •        iMitohChorob  In  Boat  Bert  a  i\.  N.  V  . 
In  1       a*  yi  ..•  B<  iru  •  l<  •  •:•  -i  Professor 
of  Mental  and  Moral  Philosophy  in  A  mhcrst  College, 
holding  the  chair  till   .  was  elected 

ID  Oonfrmi  Ma  popular  ,  -andidate.  not  having  been 
mimlnauid  by  any  i«rty.    NN  )  re«0  he  acted 

iofeorral  «Wl  0M  Republican  party.  tbOQgfa  In-  -•,,- 
•      ••.,..         .  -i  •.  n  i  ;i..  daclaratioi] 
of  UM  election  of  Rutlu-rf..nl  It.  HUVCM  t<>  th. 
dencv.    In  1877  he  WM  electc-1  l'r.-';.l.-nt  <>f  AmlurM 
Collecr,  which  offloe  be  rwi^n.-i  in  .Inn.-,  l  -•.-".     II.- 
.    .--,.      •    |.    h.  in..,,  I  ni..n  C,,l!,-r   in 
!..!».  fp.m   Coluiiihiu  in   ls7«'..     I; 
oaptad  an  invitation  to  deliver  a  oourtte  of  lecti. 
Intiia  in  \*~i;  wanameinberofaoomniiiisionto 
v  law*  of  Ma«Michu«en»:  wan  one  of  8  \ 
•piiolBlaii  to  ovemee  Andover  Theological  S»  -mi  nary  ; 
.M  a  trartee  of  the  Clarke  In>titui<-  t-r  h.'at 


Mutes. of  Smith  College  for  Women,  and  of  Mount 
llolyoke  Female  Seminary.  During  hi*  admini-t ra- 
tion at  Amherst  the  college  received  endowment! 


'  taXMJOO,  and  he  wan  inMnim.-ntal 


in  raisins;  over  $170.000  after  the  burning  of  Walker 
Hall.      H.    rn»li-  radical  <-hatiires  in  the 


of  the  oollege,  al"«!.-i..n.'   tin-   marking  .-\  --t.-m  aii-1 

•      •   .     .       .    •        -.....'.    1    -....'.I'!..  .-.'I,.    ':    ••• 


meat  »fwaker»  from  upectal  dcpartincntM 
Ui«y  excelled.    He  alao  brou.  ,.- 

of  role*  for  UM  conduct  of  the  student*,  a 


wa*  known  •»  the 


"  college  aenate." 
themael  v«  in  all 


in 

abolition 

students,  and  form. -d 
un-1-T  which 

Dr.  Seelye  was  a  frcquer 
.  snd  published  a  translation  of 
History  of  Philosophy11  (N-  v   York, 
18M);~- Lectures  to  Educated  II  .abay, 

19TS;  republtshed  aa  -The   Way,  the  Truth,  the 
•   .  tram  ated  into  Hindustani, 
JaMMaa,aj 

a  and  edited  Hickok's 


•afcam.  Motel  at  area,  actor.  born  in  Livernoo 
to*.    '  I    in   N  .  .--ink    11,-hlan.U, 

».  J  .  Kept.  It.  IBM.    She  began  her  ca 
•***•  st  M'.ntmml.  and  made  her  first  anneannM  in 


alH.ut  l.ss.'J.  -  ••-..-      .:„,„  11,.,1 

IMT  !<•  r.  tin   lr..ii.  tlu-  Htage. 


. 

Hjkaa  i 

Wl   AJ^O 


'«l  Pt«r 
old  Wa 


0eonja,  jurist,  IMTII  in 


:..:.!     !.:.    \   ,      ,-!:.-  M..  .1.  .ii.tlu-r  :ii.'l  J 
alxl    ...  .th    IHM    pi 

.u\\  and  \Nii.->  u.liiiilti-.; 
1  iOD  alt-Til. 
and    \\ 

in    l-,".      •  •  u   was   aK- 

rhnrl- 

I!*-  put.l. 


""Sb, 


Robert  WOwn.  nuvul  otl 
Hook, 

..|'l".»lltr.i   Ji 

in  tli<  •  •  pasted 

,.hipinun.  Ji.  "      '•  '     '  •  '•    >;1     1RM? 


Jtomrcal,  and  made  her  first  appearance  in 

..     !;..  ..--.. 

4.1*84.  At  that  time  she  was  the 
!  Watts,  author  and  scientist,  who 
•h  Commodore  Perry's  exped 

»pie  Theater,  and  five  years  after- 
pularity  in  the  character  ot 
lias  Beware,11  at  the  Broad- 
rried  John  Sefton  Jan.  15, 
kppeared  on  the  stage  quite 
telM*.    While  a  member  ot 
i  created  the  role  of  Sarah 
sy  "Kosedale." 
ted  Sutes  of  Tillie 


r 


L  L04§; 

temu.  ~.'>8; 

comma] 

..plain,    he,-. 
:i]    follow  in- 
motion-.     Sept.     -Jl, 

miral.   M 
21,1884     II- 

1  e'l^'llt- 

ira   and    one 

month  ;  <>n  .shore  <»r 

other     duty,     eleven 

and        three 

month.-*;     and     WU.H 

unemployed  twenty- 

md    tour 

month-.  I.ein.'  out  of 
th«-  -ervi.-e  ;    • 

\.-n 

'months  from  July   20,1854,  when  he  wo*  OOm 
with  the  inen-hant    marine  ami  had  <-li.. 
\.-\in_'   party   on    the    i.sthrnu>   »i  Tehi.. 
the  beginning  of  the  eivil  war  h«   wa-  in  < 
of  a  steamship  plvinir  l>etw. 
vana,  and  soon  afterward  he  wa>  appointed 

States    consul    L'.-n.-ral    at    the    latter  -':• 
1868  he  re-entered  the  navy  un<i> 
.-ommander,  dated  Nov.  19,  1862.     II.    \ 

command    of    the    steamer   "('cm.  • 

blockading  dnfy  at  Charieaton,  and  took  paf 
engagement »  on  M.-rri-  Islat, 
man-led  the  "  I'r'-t.-u-  "  of  tin-  Ka>tern  (iulf  I 
ingsquadr-.n.      After  the  war  he  wax  sueees,-i\  -  i>  in 

.m.l  of  the  "  Hartford  " of  th( 
r»n,  the  "  Wa--husi-tt  "  of  tl.- 
the    monitor  "  Miantonomoh.r|     In    1-7"  '71 
.ty,  l>oth  on  the 
I'urintr   1S7 

ehi.-f  ot'  the    Bureau  of  K.juipm.  •  'n^K 

and  in  1879-180  was  on  a  8fH---ia  to  Afrapl 

and  the  K:i>t  Indies,  in 

of  American  .-ommi-reial  relations.     I  )urii,.f  '. '. . .-    r  n-1 
he  was  selected  for  arl-itrator  hy  the   i 
and  I',-  -.mcnt.K  to  *  •  <  un-l 

ary  question,  a?id    rabaeQuentlv 
agreement  with  the  Kingdom  of  Korea  for  pr 

in    life    and    property.     In    I 
.  rjiina.  a.*    - 

ti      •      •     ill 

to  the  world  and  r«-<-oirni/ed  that    ; 
dependent    nation.      After  ]n^  return  t 
States  he  wa 

that  designed  th<-  h'n*t  stw! 
new  navy,  and  was  al- 

.' 
time  in  Korea  UK  the  gaestofthc  nation. 

Sleeper.  Solomon  8..  philanthropist,  horn  in   i 
N.  H..   March    1-  ad   in   Nort- 

Mass.,  Jan.  6, 18'.' 
clergyman,  and  in  1848  engaged  in  the  wholesale 


llr 


MOM  la  Boaton.    i  overaJunna  aal  in  ama*/  kafavttaM  aaa&ajHHai  ajfcaak    •• * 

ufM«i  in  r*Li  i»Jrr:rzS^:rg*jg%g*«»fepfc. 

topraot*  era,  N.  J.    lie  UMHlbe4ataiej      LU^itJ^L 
ral  benafiMAor  and  dfoloraruia  ,  Mil!1"1.  •*  •*•  - 


ired  a  /ear 

at  If 


.^t — .^^  v        —  j^jQTr 
**~«*~!&4n*7^JiS?SLm 

ES^C^W  iJlLaWiSS 


atul   \  ]•;:..!   •!..•  chief    aeopeinti 
an.l 

.   .1,  mao/D.  D  ft  I  -   aj 

Smith   waa  bc«l  woo  a  pc 
national  )  «a.  • 

ha  oonpoaad  while  a  »a* 
h   waa  rfr>t  »un*  at  a 

t.lSSiTAbout  mani  in  1»«D 

known  miaaioo-  II* 

8,  ISM,  he  wa» 

[nil       Ofaatfan      In     ••JULaT- 

IHM,      IM.914'11*      1*1      rWHI^^ 

of  the  national  hymn. 

al  tnawlationa, 
'aaha. 

..-..  .  •• 


«oj,     by  U 

»  WM     A  ni. 


JI'S&2 


•~[B^*~    ha7tn  C^aW.  iM4.  ^jjgf^,  yya^l m 

.      .  ,       s 

mlanadb    IVTtVTT.vMlbra^ejalivaivCteHrfl^^^^B 

^i      !V  •  eVW  ^^i  •      a%^^^^MM  _^  ta^  ii^r* ^«^ 


latonr  of   ffewton,   Maaa.     (186t>); 

•  .crmanr.  in 

ihe,  Man-h  •-'.  !"%V.  lie  w»a 
nited  Stal«w  whrn  a  child,  and  waa 
>  Hall  CoHage,  South  Oranc* 

Komc.  Italr.     Hr 

dr  of  canon  law.  an.!  waa  pmtaaat 
waa  al  the 
•th  Iciral  adviaer  to  the  Mabop  of  the 
v*rk.aml  had  bean  employed  aa  oo«H 
\\\v.— &  A 


%i^^ 
ea»»^4  to  J  af«aftii 
waw  a4har  ami    iaitiaai  W 


tl^lam 

-.  -. 


OBITUARIES.  AMI  IMt  AN 


tad  mo*  worthy  fraud  patriarch  of  the  national  divi 

-.  \         -,'-..-  I'.    •     .;    .V.r 


fceabo  joined  the  Independent  Or 
pUrm  and  *uU»oquenUyhe  wa-  twice  cloctod  frrand 
br  the  Grand  Temple  of  New  York. 

-  ..      I.-     ; 

in  186ft,  n7 


•   •     .     N. 


and    pub. 
till  lifs  death.     I 
_  President  of  the  Now 
Society,  ami  in  1898  had  general  ehar 
"•_-«-! '* in  Chicago  d 


*t! 

ETwoHd* T«peranoa  Congress  in 

.     .  .  -   M.  ;;,,„;, 

IMLofUte 

'"emp* 

since  1849;  and  publiahed 


ranee  Advocate  " ;  waa 

. 


<"  (New  York,  U 

;    .I.-.- 

,«««  VotaM"  (1876):  "The  Prohibition  Song- 
ster* (ISM);  and  "One  Hundred  Yean  of  Temper- 

llssrea,  Jioiek  Baiker,  electrician,  born  in 

...leu.  Me.,  Julv  2,189ft. 

•      \      .        •          •'.    M  ,       : 

erne  superintendent  of  the  Boston  fire-alarm  Tele- 
graph Company  in  1865,  and  held  the  office  till  1867, 
when  he  weaeTeoted  President  of  the  Franklin 
graph  Company,  operating  lines  between  Boston  and 
WashingtorV  Whfle  in  charge  of  the  fire-alarm  tele- 
graph in  Boston  he  made  numerous  inventions,  by 
which  the  system  reached  its  present  hiirh  state  of 
In  18*S  he  invented  a  duplex  system 


Of  telegraphy,  for  which  he  received  a  United  States 
patent  and  royalties  from  the  !  n< -h,  Italian, 

KuMtan,  and  Spanish  government*,  from  several  in 
Central  and  South  America, and  al-o  from  -nl. marine 
leietiapb  oompanie*.  He  was  employed  as  an  elec- 
trical engineer  in  making,  laying,  and  putting  into 

•    •    ........   .- ;  -  ,;.:• ,  • ,.  ?.  ... 

end  Vera  Crux,  Mexico,  and  between  the  Ixthmus  of 
w  in  Mexico  and  Calls-.  -.  the 

of  his  last  work  he  made  his  home  in 
where  he   gathered  a  collection    of 
carved  ivories,  said  to  be  the  largest  ever  made. 
BUreaa.  Joka    Leavitt,  journalist,   born    in    ' 
Veraon,  Me.,  Aug.   1,  l«:»;died  in   Auiru^r 
Keb.  8,  189&.    He  was  educated  at  the   Main 

n  Seminary  and  the  Watervillc  Liberal  Institute; 
led  theology,  and  was  ordained  a  minister  of  the 
UniversalUt  Church  in  1844.  After  ten  years  failing 
health  compelled  him  to  abandon  the  ministry,  and 
Junes  O.  Blaine.  then  one  of  the  owners  of  ••  The 

.       .,    '     >•<      ...-        .'     .:•.,,. 

snip  of  that  paper.  Three  rears  afterward  Mr.  Bluine 
renoted  to  Portland,  and  Mr.  Stevens  succeeded  him 
aa  editor  in  chief,  holding  the  place  till  1870.  He  was 
UMO  appointed  United  Staten  minister  to  Uruguay 
Paraguay,  which  oountriea  were  in  a  disturbed 
n.  Ho  wa«  influential  in  protecting  American 
and  in  aiding  to  re  establish  peace  between 

:  '•  -   /•         "     •   :       '.:.-.! 

yean  afterward  went  to  Sweden  aa  United  States 
there  till  188$.    While  residing 
.  tthered  materials  for  a  history  of 
Adotphas  and  die  Thirty  Years'  Wur 
be  wea  appointed  minister  to  the  Hawaiian  Is- 
A  revocation  against  the  r  .rncnt 

e*  in  Honolulu  on  Jan.  80, 1 898 ;  die  Queen's 
***  y^othrown,  and  a  provisional  govern- 
PiQoWiMHl  (see  article-  HAWAIIAN  ISLANDS 
'Aiwoal  Cyclopedia  -  for  1893).     V 
r«na  •MahtUhed  a  protectorate  over  the  islands  on 
I  ~m  an  «h ich  wa«  pronpdy 

tntan  oTKcate.    Un  Feb.  15  Preafdent 
t*M  Senate  a  mesaaM  accompanied 


•  Initial 


connected  with   the  «.\«  ni.r.-\v   • 
vesting  him  with   puruinotiiit  authority, 
nit  witlio!n-w  tin-  PP.' 
in  May  Minister  s  recallou  an 

was  ai»|x>iii'  in  his  plu>  • 

tunic.l  t<>  tlu-  1  1.1  ti«d  Status  aixl  t<«.l,   i>«  turt> 
ini'iil'li*-  n:1 

Stiles.  Isaac  Newton,  law  \.-r.  >...rn  in  s 
July   H5.  ls:s:»;  die.l    in  Chi.-a-o,  111..  .1. 

. 
and  was  aUmittol  t<>  the  l>ar  in 

L86&      BOOH  a!:«  r\sur<l    !,«•    l.r.-aiin-    J.PIM-.  u!  MI/   :itt..r- 

to  the  l.r^ihlutnn-  :  ami  \\i 
;«aki-r  in 

•,nin/    <.t'  tin-   civil  \\;i-  

private.  Inn  tirhl  as  a-ljutni:' 

Itxliana  Infantry,      lie  war«  taki-n  ; 
Hill,  iitnl  wa>  confined  • 
(>n  being  exchanged,  he  n-turnt-.l  t««  th. 
|.r"tii"ti-«l    nuijiT,   lii-nti-nant  «-i.|m.. 
the  63d  Indiana  Volunteers,  and  was  br« 

rn-ral  f-T  im-rit"! 

81,  18C.">.     Att«-r   the    war    Inr    M-ttl<  .1    ii 
pracl 

Stockbridge.  Henry,  lawyer,  l-'-rn  in  N 
Mass..  .'  -:  'lie.l  in  Hal1 

11. 1895.     lie  was  irra<hmtc<l  at  Amhei 
1846,  and  \MLS  admitted  to  the   l«ar 
1,1848.     During  the  civil  \viir  he  wiu« 
l'ni«.n    ejiUM\  and   wa«   appointed   a  Hp. 
attorney  in  the  Wur  Department.     In 

:     /Mature,  he  drew  up   ' 
vidin^r  f<>r  a  Constitutional   eon\ 
slavery  in  that  State,     li 
tion,  and  Hubscquentl. 
framed  by  it  txjforc  the  court  of  1: 
(iiiently  he  instituted  a- 
the  United  Statex  cou 
the  indentures  of  appronnceHh i p.  through  w ) 

had    Keen    made    t<>   evade    the 
clause.     K;.  ---.-ured  th« 

mcnt  of  more  than  10,000  colored  ehildjv;  in   Mun 
larxl.     In    1 

Hultimore    Count  v.      lie  was  Viee-Pre- 
Maryland    I: 

years  editor  of  the  fund  pul.;' 
Part  XXII  to  "The  An-hives  of  M 
more. 

Stone.  David   Marvin,    jonrnali-t.   l.on 
Conn..  L7;  died  in   Brooklyn 

2,189o.     He  reeeiveil  a  eoinrii 

.  in  teaehiriL'  »ud  in   n 

till  184'J.  when    lie    heeame   a    men-hunt    in  I'1 
phia,  and  in  184'J  removed  to  New  V/.r 
came  editor  of  the  "  T 
December  following  he  became  eommer 
w The  Journal  of  c..miner.-e."    Ii. 
tion  with  William  C.  Trimc,  he  ]>ureha--.  the   :  ;IHT, 
and  live  y.-arn  af  .-eded  Mr.   : 

tor  in  chief     He  held   this  plaee   till   June  10,  l<tp» 
•he    pa]M-r  wus  eon-olidat«-d    with   "The  C0fe- 
mercial  Bulletin."     A  notable  incident   in   1 
editorial  ean-er  wa«  the  Hupprension  of 
the  United  States  (iovertimcnt  in  May.  . 
lishintf  a  spuriotiH  draft  proclamation  purp. 
have  '' 
the  alleged  proclamation  were  sent  to  • 

:  IIJKTS    in    the  eity.   1 
mcrce"  and  the  "  Worl.l" 
pnUUlod  it  in  full.     Thef.nl\  j.er.-on  in 
Joseph  Howard.  Jr..  air 
was  a  lover  of  1! 

garden  an<l  eon-.f-rvat'iry.  triviritr  fn  «  ly  of  h 
treasu-  k.     He  |K-«J 

Brook:  putable  Agtd 

Indigent  Women  * 

Story.  William  Wetmore.  senlptor.  • 
born  in  Salem.  M. 
brosa,  Italy. 

Story,  the  famous  jurist,  and  after  irradi. 
vard  University  ntudied  law  with  hi.s  father  ai 


' 


of  active  work  in  bin 
he 


Ifceoiat'.*.!..--    ..r.    •         ,..:..,        .   ..   - 
a*a»,  from  which  he  had  hardly  rwotcred  when  hb 

•  and- 

aided  b%  tli*  I 

itttttttftMfl   V..M. 

had 

plinhrU    only    amateor 

work  in  .rvlMure.     In 

•r:;    •.. :.      • 
... 

tu  Mudv,  and  fcr 
home. 

ade,  however.  »ev- 

verinir  a  »e- 
ri«w  of  art  lecture,  here  In 
n  l§a  Mr.  Story 

'  fer  visitor*  In 


(Barton.  IMO). 


-     TfT"^ 

in  tW  Uw  «*_!.  aa^w«» 


Onitod*^ 

riBSWSs^*1*'-*5*8* 

MOtiaU     CO^I^at.  I  la*     f>».  •• 

**»^»«in^>l»  99V  ^^^^^ 


in  hb  native  country,  and  If  he 
«a«  lo  frvatneaa  aa  a  aculptor,  he  Mill  acoonv 
that  wa«  both  cmfitable  and  plranin*. 
XaAMtra1*  ntatue  la  mentioned  by  Hawthorne 
^H,."  and  amon*  bin  beat  work. 


the    Alurfirmft    Tf 

•JofllMAaMffaM 

Monday.  Thool      On*a*. 
and  vaa  one  of  ike  iaww 


Ouincy.  at 
rid^r,  .ncl  (ld.r. 
UiMt  .itinirable  are  nuch  wefl- 
^  of  hUan  the  -Ww.nl    Kxrr- 

iranlcn.    :,  i  Teacott,"  at 

In  pot-try  M.-rv  taken  a  higher  rank 
n  hb  flr«t 
!  in  all  hi* 

to   the    latent  collection  of 
hibiu  a  delicacy 
'phraae,  a  fell, 
•  irlow  o7  color  t)>.t  win  our 
Man.  but  it  fall- 


khort  of  a  very  high  decree  of 

'  man   Law  \  ,..!rn. 

leri^tio  i»«H:riin,  wm.  U  tti  r 

li.  i.,-t  p>|>ul.r  ir... 
Ron..."   a    arrien    of  -  W.Ik. 
h  rrroainn  a*  delightful 


York.    : 

Uw 


ft.  May  fi.  ItP  ;  dW  to  W, 


rtMi,  IM 

pun  rt  or.    «  .  ft  My; 
M.  I0TC:  an)  Mfiflat 
ML  !«»;  aa^  w^ 


it  wan  written.  * 
ited  with  Italian 
rarie<l  nature,  an  h 


s  afrtfrtuvfiattritt: 

wW^       99£9RHnH  ^f  AVHaV  99  fB9JB^P*- 


at  in  prove  m  In 
f.ry  «.  Inrrnl  nothing 
k  in  all  Ihrw  de 

i:  .-    •    . 


Huryh  and 
iladwlplOav 

(Edinbunrh.  1^1   ;  "  He  and 
h-inav 


at  Wa*ntnr  Aw 

tfM  wnTUjn^nn  d^y  M<ml|n^j  Ji»^Yer%n»4 

" 


3onv«nationa  in   • 


tit 


oHIITAIUKS,  AMERICAN.    (Swi.xBuut— TBOMU.) 


UMMm.  of  Horace  <,r,,-ly  A  Co.,  and  edited 
In  184    Mr  Bwain 
Uw-llttEonKiv.>rChn.ni. 


the 


ami  edited  and  i 

D  Kaw  Yorkwd  boc.ni,  of  the 

Tribune."    lie  went  to  the  -  Timee^1  in  a  ninnlar 
.aixi  became  editor  of  UK-  "American 
in  186*  and  j-.Iiti.-al   .-.•ntrii 
-  Time-  N  ashington 

:.     ..       edited  fa   -  Prat   State 
a  national  Republican  campa 
16M.  and  the  A  i  I  .  'nun"  in  1"'»7-'»H. 

•  '.....  n  known  ai«Beotti 
.ii-ir^i."  and  went  to  the  t'n-nt  a*  it*  colonel. 
1  the  cloae  of  the  war,  and  on  hi*  return 
wa»  appointed  engineer  in  chief  of  the  Nati«>n« 
.   York.    In  18*7-70  he  wan  a  rniu-d 
wtiffccr.   in    1876-  TO   edited    the   "Hudson 
cirafek."  and  In  IMl-'W  was  an  inspector  of  post 

:    Henry 
:  »  «hom  he  waa  f«»r  •  time  private  *< 

.     N<  tea  to  a 


Collection  of  the  Speeches  ol 

.,ry  History  of  the  State  < 

H«l-*5). 

ftviabvn.  B*lpn,  engineer,  born  in  New 
land,  in  Januarv,  1— ."..  harleston,  \\ 

Jane  14. 18W.  lie  was  the  son  of  a  miner,  and  when 
Ifteen  yean  old  was  apprenticed  to  Stephenson,  who 
was  then  perfecting  liu*  railway  locomotive.  In  1850 
be  settled  ii  .m*,  afterward  rcmo\ 

V a.,  where  he  secured  employment  in  the 

k  of  the  old  •  entral  Railroad.     11. 

in  the  railway  service  as  operating  and  con- 
urineer  till  about  1870,  when  ho  settled  on 
feat  Virginia,  and  also  entered  the  minis- 
try of  the  Baptist  Church,  and  was  engaged  in  work 
aa  an  evangelist  till  within  two  rears  of  his  death, 
•n  aided  Stephenaon  in  making  the  trial 
trip  of  the  flr*t  railway  locomotive,  and  sat  in  the  cab 

->.r  :•..   M«sffaM6r 

clergyman,  born  in  Kil- 
,  Oct.  ?>,' 18*9:  died  in  New  York 
city  Feb.  8, 199ft.    He  waa  graduated  at  the  I 
•ny  of  Glasgow  In  1849;  studied  theology  at  th.  I  >i 
Hall  of  the  Tnitcd    I'rcsby  h   at 

Edtnmtfgh ;  waa  lioanacd  to  preach  by  the  pres 

.  14, 1868;  and  was  ordained  pastor 
«f  the  United  Praabyiarian  Church  at  Kilmaurs,  June 
9S.19U.  InlBMhewascall.  ^by- 

Church  on  the  Derby  Road.  I.i\erp.-.l,  where 
up  a  congrega- 
rs,  and  leaving 
tatfteaaeoajd  larvwt  of 'its  denomination  in  England. 
He  ftm  oame  to  the  United  States  in  1871  as  a  dcle- 
gato  to  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian 
Cfcweh.  and  the  same  spring  occupied  for  several 
.  :  •  •  Brooklyn,  In  November, 
l»r  TayW  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of 
way  Tabernacle  rhim-h.  where  he  wa 

aw ~-*&  wr^s  ter  tra 

Mritoa.  He  receivecTthiTdcgree  of 
&  *f?  \&  «»d  Ambem  Colleirea  in  18?8,  and 
i  of  LU  D.  from  PrbMMton  tolE  Fr 

of  the-4'hrirtian  at  Work, 


U 


to  the  religious  proas;   and   i>u 

Truths"    a    v»«i  . 

186S);   "Tht-    Miruclri*:    llv\\*   t««    Faith,    n 
i  hMindurgh.  1865);  "Tin-  \.»*\   foui 
wrlfon.  :  "  M.  nmii 


'.,-.; 

mfa 
wa.  a  frequent 


Matt  IP 

.:juh.    th.-    I'ropl.- 

•;:iiiity  "  ,  :• 
i 

W.-ll  " 
44  Joseph,  ti 

bleu   "'  'i'l<<l    ,ni.  i 

(1886);  "The  Scottish    l'nl| 

, 

Charact4-r:    What    it    if.  an.l    ' 
and  ••  '!  -uc,  and  (  '• 

Thatcher.   Solon   0..  juri-t.    Lorn    in    I 

lied  i-i   l.:i.' 
.•lied    at    I'liiun    <'cll« 
graduated  a:  —i  n>  is; 

delegate  to  the  flrat  Mat.-  r..n\.-r.- 
tor    tin-  oru'iini/atinn   <it    tin-    Ucpulil'u-an    par' 
alter  th«-    Fn  iimnt   OajUpaigD    rcinnvi-d   to   l.a 
Kan.,  \\hcn1  he  at  <>in-c  became  <>nr  <it'  t  .' 
nf  tin    :  :io\  cinciit.      In  1  *.">'.»  he  \va> 

rary  prt-idirii:  chairman  "f  the   \V\ain. 
tion,  a:  'ii  ehairman  «.!'  tin-  !«•_• 

mittee  of  thai  body.     ll«-  \vu>  «-lrctrd  tl.. 
judge  of  tin-  -Jtli  Judicial   I)i>tri«-t 
and   M-rvcd   till    IM'-J,  when    ! 

iin>u--<-r>-t'ul   Ki-j.ubli.-an  randidat. 
[Miintcd   in  .lul\ 

••tiat«-    treaties    with    the    South     and    ' 
American    ir^vcrnmcnt";   and  at  the  M 
sembliiiir  of  the  I'an   American  t'-'H/ro- 
ton  he  made  a  di-taile.i  n-jMirt  of  hi>  \v..rk. 

Thomas.  Elisha  Smith.  Henry  man.  l"-rn  in  \V 
I:    1  ..  Mur.-h    •_'.  l-".4  :  died    in    Sa'.ina.  l\ 
1895.    He  \sa-  L'raduat.-d  at  Vale  in  !*.>  .. 
ley  Divinity  S«-hool,  Middletown.  (  ..m, 
June  of  the  latter  year  he  t-.ok  «!• 
after  taking   prie~-  •  three  year 

of  St.  I'aulV  Chun-h   at  N.-w  Hav,-n.      I- 
came  rector  of  Seabury   Hall,  Faribau!' 
Professor  of  Old  and  N 
divinitv  .-.•(,,  M.l  there.      In  i*;i  lie  a.-c.  ; 

the  rectorship  of  St.  MurkV  church.   Mini. 
which  lie  held  till  -.it'ioiia*  A*- 

«.t'  Kansas  in  1^7.      <  >n  tlie  death 
1889,Bifthop  Thonias  became  the  head  »t'  tin 
and  lie  labored  with  energy  and  ability  in  I 

(  'hlin-ll  evteli-inll. 

Thomei,  William  Henry,  autli-.r.  b-.rn 

1"-J4:  died  in    HoMon.  Maw.,  M 

1895.        He     receixcd     a     pllblie-sc||0^)l      »., 

I  the  printer's  trade.     In  1-  ; 

tornia.  and  a-ain    in   1K4I'.  extendintr   |HH  last  ^^^H 
Honolulu,    the     Kant     I'  Talia.    and 

l)urinir  his  tra\> 

interest    «-n   the   ^..iith  American   and  Africa; 
He  was  engaged  for  three  years  in 
tralia  :  I   time  i.'n   an  opium 

twcen  China  and  California;  and  al 
the  Mexican  War  was  forced   int- 

•neiit.  from    which    he   • 
difficulty.     On  his  return  to  ! 
of  "Ballou's  Monthly,"  to  whi.-l 
large  numi>.  Am-.iiL'  • 

(lold    HunterM  of  Au-tra! 

: 

Adventures'1  (IhT  '."Id  Hunter-  :n  Kurope*1 

:     i^unmB 

^i^kade"  (1874';   "The    Belle  of  Australia* 
Land  ni.  : 

Be  wasthefli 
England  Society  of  California  i'i-  • 


OBITlJAlUBB,  AUK!  T»u«r«u»— TIIXMJ*  , 

SBA" 


rt.  16,  •  .  «.  .,T«..«.. 

va*  tfratlu»'. 


• 
ty.    Tl^ 


- 


!,c         .M        f, 


MM   r.,!.-.    U|          i ; 
l*r»ycr  and  1'rai- 


N.; 

.  •• 


•Mnn.Mon,  MKi  »iu.iu-l  art          \l 

ul,,|  pttMff* 

4aahr  -!».k.- 

uoden  of  the  Kni|>irv  iluwo  IU1I. 

•••liiiiiiii     at  1  »rurv  Ijuic  Theater  and  Covrol  liar- 

leiMDV**   for  UWTMM* 

br«tto»for-Th,  An, 

Md  -  1 


'nMy  of  Error*,   and  for 

*n  •!  ^  ,  r.,  r\   :,;:  i       -•  .•.  .  - 
TVMBM)    M»rr    H.rri.    .iirwMn.  1 


•     • 


ildrrn.    In 

..    .    ... 


hilllcotJM  In 
rr  }i,«  n^-.MX.-i  I    -  .• 

-a.  a* 

I  atwIU  law  an,  I  became  private  » 

p.nner*hip 

the  Damocratio  noralnatioQ  far  OaayrwM  in 
reaMateatfec 
practice  of  la»  '  •  Na«  W 

tlMf 


April  14. 1«»:  dkd  to 

UUfflwwa* 


OBITUARIRa  AMERICAN.    (TYLKR-VAUX.) 


m  the  best  works  In  the  military  division  of  tho  Mb- 
WM  transferred  to  tho  command  of  tho 
Ks*l  TenncMee,  serving  there  till  early  in 

CWi35Sitotho4thaM 


of  ihe   Cumberland,   whi.-h    he 

'.,-,1  in 

tW«rrk»  till  Dec,  1.18M.h« 
«f  U>«  Frosdmen*  Bun 
lie  «•§  en*s*sd  M  •  cotton  ] 

to  hi,  |.,rti,,  .:.,.-.-  ....a  l>ccamo 


... 

Dt^JO,  lft»i     II-  WM  the  f  :•  nn.-tt 

••ii.uiili   r.il- 
WML  and  WM  founder  iiti-l  rtr-t  president  <>t  tin-  theo- 

lOflkal  e*«i'  "   |l>rt.v 

-....-  ••,/,•;-,:.   SoUUI 

.  :.  .  ]•  u  :.-  •'••  ...-  ton 
in  lit«rur\  lal><>r  at  lux  home  in 
He  Pu 


William,  author,  l->rn  in  Hocbester, 

• 

umdttatodnt  ];  in  1837, 

•tadied  la«  -  Q    1   phain, 

rw   admitted   to  the  bar  of  Msnnschu- 

.1  few  yesrV  practice  he  became  inter- 
ested in  the  defense  of  the  Bible  against  what  has 
thci   critic  1*111,"  and  passed 

the  remainder  •••  hi*  life  in  MU  him:  in  the  original 
toagns  and  publishing  works  defending  th< 
tares.    He  received  the  degree  of  1.1.  I'.  fr»n 
Collage  in  1868.    11 

•<•.•:  an  .  v  i<  i.'  •  ."  ;iii..n\  m..us 
(Andover,  1840);u Wise  Men:  Who  they  were  and 
•  .  .  •  .1.-  .,./..  „  -  Nc«  York,  1869  ; 
•Tt»  Star  of  Our  Lord"  (1878);  "Thoughts  on  the 
Holy  Gospel* :  How  they  came  to  be  in  Man: 
Form  M  they  are**  (1881);  "St  Matthew'*  Witness"; 
and  -The  First  Words  from  God."  His  «  Debate  be- 
tween Church  and  Science"  WM  published  in  »up- 

rLcwi*s"SixDay*' 

Vaa  dsr  Weyos,  Petar  H., scientist,  born  in  N;. 
Holland,  In  181 S ;  died  in  New  York  city  March   18, 
18M.    He  WM  graduated  at  the  Royal  Academy  in 
•Wsssorof  Mathematics  and  Natural 
the  Government  School  of  Design, 


devoted  to  mathematics  and  : 
1845  received  stHd  medal  from  the 
for  the  Promotion  of  Scientific  Knowledge 
for  a  text- book  on  natural  philosophy.     He  was  also 
editor  of  a  daily  paper,  in   which  he  took 

nlnst  what  he  considered  abuses  in  the  Gov- 
In  1849  he  removed  to  New  York  citv,  in  1856 
WM  graduated  at  New  York  University  Medical  <  <>1 
lajt,  an  J  slier  practicing  for  three  vears  WM  appointed 
riufcami  of  rtiyslos,  Onemi»trY,  and  Higher  Msthe- 
•atim  at  Cooper  Institute.  He  WM  also  chosen  to 
tfe  chair  of  Cherntrtry  in  the  New  York  Medical  Col- 
U««.  la  18*4  the  chair  of  Industrial  Science  was 
•fiat  1 1  tor  Hun  by  Girsrd  College,  Philadelphia,  and 
after  holding  H  a  few  years  be  returned  to  New  York 
aa4  became  editor  of  -The  Manufacturer  and 
MkUr «  Prof.  Van  der  Weyde  had  secured  over 
»»  patent*  on  inventions  mostly  electrical,  and  WM 
a  cnrnpow.  and  a  painter. 
•atttss  vaa  Alec  -..  U.ni  in 

Aug-.  1»,  1818;  :•  vrouU 

WM  graduated  at  Jefferson 
•I  Cotbtft  in  18t7.  and  went  to  Syria  M  a  mis- 
F  Mder  the  authority  of  the  Americsn  Board. 
nt  in  Arabic.  WM  appointed 
on  Mount  Tabor,  and  i; 
mathematical  ano  wi.-ntiflc 
In  \MH  he  «M  ordained  to  the 
«t*r**stkm*l  <1hurch,and  on  the 
»*•  M-nt  by  the  American 
-  to  complete  the  work  on  the  Arabic 
•M.     He 

^  _,    ...f  >.^g  the  Pen  la  t  - 
Ifce  etyk  of  UM  Koran,  and  supervised  the  publics- 


tion  by  tin-  AHUM  -KMcty  in  Now  V 

• 
-     JohnVi  and  St.  « 

ProfeftMT    <>l     P:il  h»l"_r>    ill  tlf 

On    A  |.ri. 

the  oomj'l«-ti"ii  »t'  lii.s  titty  vrut> 
tlu-m.  the  Syrians  hel.i 

i  the  deirrec  ..t'    l>.  I>.  ir-'iii    i 

i  :     -.  .        •    •      •    \  •  ..        v 

iiiathi-matieiil.  rliemi.-al.  iistr.>iiuini«-al.  nii.l    l.\ 
:.ii'l   truncation*  ••!'  ti 

SUi'l  the  "  Sell.  Hi).  i  .:ilily.'' 

Van  Wyck.  Charles  Henry,  lawyer.  l«>rn  in   I 
D.  ('..  • 

College  in  1M"..  Mud  led  lu«. 

Sullivan   ('"  \  ..ik.  in    l^.'.o  '. 

.  iitativr  i'n  < 
mn'ond  term  he  \\:.  .iic<l  col.,nrl  ..f  t 

clone  of  tho  war,  beini:  jiromoicd  1>! 

1865.      In    l«".'i   and    l^'.s    he 

gross.     II'-   r«"ii-.vi-d  t"  Nel.ru>ka  in  l-'T-t.  wa> 

gate  to  the   C'>n>titution:il   (  '..n  vciiti'.n   ii 

State  Senator  in    .  •..!    \\a.s   ,-',. 

States  Senator,  ax  a  K«-j>ul.li.-an.  and    took    hi*  seat 

Mareh  4,  1^1.      In  the  Si-nate  he  d 

M-lf   l'\  ..     Ill    the    attelii|.t     • 

movai  Of  aeorecy  from  it.s  e\. 

he  was  defeated  as  the  Poj.uii.-t  candi  ; 

ernor  of  the  State.  .  .  n  W  \  .  •  k  \ 

ous  in  or/ai,  ..rmer>'  A!!.. 

Nebraska.     He  was  a  man  of  much   e.-ei-ntr; 

one  time  spondintf  an  entire  summer  with  hi> 

in  a  vacant  ehureh    which   he  owned   in  the  fa 
able  residence  j.art  of  the  national  eapital. 

Vaux.    Oalvert,    architect    an<l    l:n 
born  in  London,  Knirhmd.  Dec.  20,  1824;  • 
.and,  Nov.  19,  I4- 


, 

cated  at  the  Merchant  Tailors1  and  tho  F. 
nelPs  schools  in  London.      At  the  a_'c  <  : 
became  an  articled  pupil  of  Lewis  N.  ' 
a  prominent  architect,  and  at   tin 
years*  indenture  took  an  educational  trip  <>n  •• 
tinent.     In  1S")0,  heinif  then  a  memln-r  • 
Architectural  As^M-iation,  he  met  the  eminent 
can  landttcape  dehiirner,   Andrew  .1.    I> 
induced  him  to  come  t<>  thi*  <-ountry  >^ 
ami    at   the    dose   of    1851    made    him    arch; 
partner,  their  olliee  heinjr  at  Newlmr^.  on  t! 
son.    After  the  death  of  Mr.  I  »..•.•,• 
Vaux  remuimd  for  live  years  in  N 

;il   engagements   rapidly  growing  in    • 
and  importance,  and  taking  him  -  extent 

of  the  seaboard  States.    An  idea  of  hi*   • 
that    time    may     be  ffot    from    1, 
and  Cotta-e^'%  .New  York,  1857;  2d  eel 
At  tl..  D  of  .John  A.  C.  Gray,  whose 

n    A  venu.-    he   hud    designed,  si 
mained  his  stanch  friend  thn.uirh  life.  Mr.  \ 
moved  to  New  York  to  toko  charge,  a> 
York,  and   from  that   I 
identified    with   the  best   art    lii 
Landscape  painting,  then  at  its  b<  - 
York,  but  the  lcadin_- 

stage  both  in  architectural  adornment  a:i<! 
ditrnity.     Most  of  the  territory  nov. 
Park  had  been  secured,  hut  it  was  a  .-ti  v. 
suburb,  with  the  ruim*  of  a  j;ran«l 
ground  was  l.ein.- 
Vaux,  am*. 
landscape  tr 

;ind  this  idea  being  ad- 

K.  L.  Olmsted,  then   •  MI|.C  rint.  ; 

labor  inclosing  in  the  park,  and  ii 
tion  in  preparing  a  landscaj 
after  the  day's  work  was  over,  at  Mr.  Vaux's  i 
EastEighte'.  "f  their  labor 

the  design  signed  "  Greensward  "  was  a- 


OBIT 

•adertfce    Md 


. 

•j-fS-r  •**•»-<«  IBBBK:. 

n     NM«V  tfcaa  tn    >«•«»  w  •  »«•  e»»r  J 


M  •  t*r«ai  addition     NM«V  tfcaa  tn>  >«•«» 
ground*  air«-«''  MM|  *    nuMiad  aaaitf  m  nU 

.T,,..  1,1   •  «.  rm       ai»Td«li«*mf  a  ••i  . 

«•!•   appointed      priMI  MMMMMM.      AU^«  |W  Ite.  ^ 

•uptnntooclnito  (  HAV  ttu    nwot  •§  MHMHNlw  MMaate*  W  «^  •! 

••SgMgMMIMUU 


»•}    an 
the    Iratlilitf    r.-aturr.   Ofl 

«•  landompe 


-.,11,-    v.r,At...(,..  t,.  many  *rr.t     nit.    In  |aM  he  »a»  eMMBa  MMMV 

n  aii.l  in  li.i  Mloaiiijaji  BaVm  •iuS 

•.  rlfti*  and  iimplc*  inffE     of  th*  Kn^p,!       Mr    V*tti   •  «»  ^MM|*  a^^ta^^M 
ih.  foliar  of  all  lands     n^la,  ^  ,^V^  I?^?K  .ttTaS^ 
ItSo^Sr^^*^11^^^    ^Iluu*^  *C^r  ^  ^  «WJi '  »•*     "^ 


tlif   HarDM    \-          !'•          '    :.'•  ...•:!.      .  ( 

»  hri.ltf.  -  •  .  ni»l  •unkni  r.-u-i.. 

i  badaeaaa  trvatmrnt  of  tran»vrn*<  r 
ll  flit  of  the  4  i  rant  ntonunirnt  aiul  .. 

.rk    wml    .  •  .  all   .IrUiU  of     co 

.••e  full  .Irvelopturnt 
ara    reaarvatloft    Luna   Uland     an 
mar  be  Mlad.     In  a*»orlatlon  with  Mr.  (»lav    dk 

i.  (1MT);    *•  ..-   —  ., , 

line  the     lndi.MbilMft,M4w» 


MMf  JOMK  M4  •  a*  eBMBad  a*  Baa  |a> 
lyjB  IMI    oa  Aaf.tttM|,Ua^ 

Uiij^«MiiiiiniiiiBJij  •  *tt* 


connection  with     Wbc.  Aw.  It.  IMS.    lib  n*k- 

ntMdMt  of    to  niMlilil.  Mam.  «jjj|  wiMi  W  t^ 


*t  Important  work  he  fbund 


kWfbMrf    hiM.ofHMfy^qtjr. 

i)ana  ami  Andrrw   II       W »*b«ra*. aad  Oem. 
roe  of  hi*  d^alh   wa«     art   for  IB*  lloary  Ka 

^  April  «.  mi; 
ft,  IMa^Hewa*  a  ^       ^Jt^fSJIi?^ 


auxiliariv*  in   1'aul 

Mr.    Vaux   at   thr    titne  of   hb  death    «a»     ary 

aaonor  .,-,.•-        •    . 
k.and  UndMMt 

ll,IU.«l..t.    Of    t!          -    .'.       "      -     '         ' 

an  an  early  member  of  the  I'nion 

.....  s     •>    ii.     ;T  . 


wa»  a.ltnitt,M  to  UM    Ml    fc  P 

«l  Statea  auabter  In  Loadoa.    IftlB-^Bj 


600 


OWTUARIE8,  AMERICAN.    (WAWWEIOHT— WELLINGTON.) 


1*4;  tad  ratod  the  degrwe  of  D.  D.  from  the 
Itolmtt    of  NwhrllU  in  18*1  and  of  1.1 


•    • '.   •  ..  •  m 

WaiawiigkL  William  Pratt,  m-.hury  oil 

•ck  dty  in   l-l- ;   di.^i   therv  CM.  17.  1996. 
at  the  t'niveraity  of  the  < 

much  time  in  the  atudy  of 


II*  wa* 


New  V  ork  i  and  apent 

.dMjteQtn 

• 

of  Oaciiiana.  with  ofBoera  educated  IB 
HediatinguUhed  himaelf  at  the 

•      \    ......  ;-.,,-.-,  .iti.e.'.in- 

from  UirnlngOie  right  fiank  of  the  Na 
army  at  Turner^  Gap.  Sept.  14, 184*;  and  at: 
be«U  of  Cnan«sUor»Tille  waa  com 
ef  the  T*Ui  New  York  Regiment,  with  which   he 
till  (ailing  health,  from  wounds  received  at 
_  rV  Gap,  forced  him  to  reaigt.     <  M,  hia  retire- 

.  wan  brevefted  brigad 
Walker  Obarie*  L,  hiatorUn,  bon. 

Nr.      V-rk.    Ill     |S4! 

'••.'.. 

RapUa,  Mtehn  in  18M,  waaaecretar.v  -  lU.rial 

Convent;--!.,  and  waa  elected  to  the  State  Legialatore 
talSeu.  In  1-41  he  removed  to  Springfield,  Mass., 
where  be  wan  ad^  -tied  in 

Brattleboro.  \  t ;   and   in   1851   made   1. 
Detroit,    lie  became  a  profomor  in  the  law  depot- 

:        ..-.-.:    M     i    nO    ifl    18*.  and   a 

•i    1--.7.      He   pu: 
of  Cadillac"; 

•-.•ral    Hull":  and 
.vr*t  Territory  during  the  Ke\.,h,' 
Wabk.  Eoban  F.,  author,  bon»  in   Kin-ale.  County 
Cork,  Ireland,  in  1858;  died  rk  city  Dec, 

M.18M.    lie  made  a  specialty  <>f  ichthyolo- 
aeveral  books  and  eaaaya  on  that  iu 

to    the    cultivation    of 
and  United  Stat 

he  waa  considered  an  expert  in  all  mat- 
to  flab  culture,  and  a  member  of  the 
declared  that  Mr.  Walsh  had 
given  many  valuable  suggestion*  concerning  the  de- 
velopment of  the  mackerel  and  herring  fi*hcrie«  on 
Uie  west  coast  of  Ireland.  Mr.  WaUh  had  alao 
written  a  life  of  Charles  Stewart  1'omcll,  wa*  the  au- 
thor of  III*  aong  -  Plain  Molly,  O,n  and  left  an  un- 
pwbibhad  novel.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.  Sci. 
R«B  Trinity  CoUege,  Dublin. 

Watts.  Jaaea  W..  ateel  engraver,  born  in  Boston, 
Ma^.  March  19,1890;  died  in  Mod  ford,  Mass.,  March 
14. 1 8>4.  lie  was  one  of  the  last  aun-  i  vors  of  the  old 


.  ; 


. .    i    t 

aa 


••   .        •         .-:•     r    •:...-..        ...•-.'...-!! 

UM  emlo   of  the  American  Bank  Note  Company. 


of  L- 

he  engraved  on  atoel  a  num- 
including  -  The  Stag  at 


Wm«  MM 
feefca.    l 


•ral 


k 


clerjfvman,      .rn    n 

county.  Maryland,  Sept  died  in 

Nov.  *>,  18W.    lie  waa  one  of  12  col- 

•  •  •       -    .      -.    ..-.  :     -     !..-rn 

atod  binMelf  by  meana  of  borrowed 
l«  1840  be  waa  lioenaed  to    rea<  i 


.     li 
of  D.  D.  from  Howard  Un 

*  ?f  bb  d<*Ul  WIW  <**c 

.    He  publUhe.1  «  My  Recolleo- 
of  African  Methodiam,"  a  work 

™"'  *•«•  *««^  author,  born  in  Sprinjf- 

.        .    -.-.., 

e  wae  UM  daughter  of  Judge  John  L,  Cur- 


wani  he  joined  the  Pbiladelp 
UM  Afrieao  Methodic  Kpiacopal  ( 
fwior  of  aaYcral  cburcbea,  aecretary  of  *e\  - 
ma  coor«tioo*,  and  waa  elected  hi- 

.    ',       -   -.,          : 
.          . 

the  eoolereoeea  of 
"^         W<Bt  T«ineiaec.     li 


rie,  and  wife  of  William  Vamar  V 

her  literary  career  in  early  childhood,  and  h, 
contrihutor  to  juvenile  papers  and  magazine- 

fifteen  yean  old    In  i  •»::•.,  having  become  f.,-,.    .,r 

.atiL'UHL'e,  she  wan  engaged 
••ditorial   Ma'1 

pubUahed  in  New  .md  M.,,M  afi 

known  11- 
•adof  MNQraonrcl  iieri.c-t  k-. . .\v  -. ,  •..>, 

licati.'ti-  \     l:l!    With    ' 

Booi  ion." 

Weld,  Theodore  Dwight.  reformer. 

•.::'..  l-":t ;  died  in  Hyde  1'arl 
8,  189f>.      lie  was  educated  at   I'h'ii: 
. my.  I.ecame  tretieral  au'ent  ••! 
mOUO!)  of  Manual    I.al-or   in    ; 
1880;  studied  in  Kane  Thcol. 
':  i<>,  hut  withdrew  on  ti 

:  that  institution  l-y  t). 

1833,11!  ;i/ed    in  deliver: 

turea  till  1886?  when  he  l<»-t  hi.-  v..ie, .    s 
he  WH-  t  editor  of  it-  pul-li.-;.' 

American  Anti.-hivcry  Society.    In  !-•»!    '•»:'.  he 
gaged  in  tin 
in  1854  cstahli-1,,  .   in    Ka/1. 

and  from    1>»»;4   resided   in  li 

he  taiiL'ht  a.-  loin:  a*  hUKtrength  - 
He  pobliahed  mr 

~-    over    ill' 

.  Hi  hie  aira'. 

-  avcry  aw  it  i.- ;  "r.  The  Tcstimor.. 
sand  Witnesses,1'  which  i.-  said  to  have  i. 
to  write  "  I'ncle  Tom's  Cahi-. 
and  the  Internal  Slave  Trade  in   ; 

•li.  1M1  >. 

Wellington.  Arthur  Mellen.  civil 
Waltham.    N! 

city  M.  He  was   educated  at 

Latin  School,  and  at  th- 

otlice  of  .lohll   H.   Helick.  the    .-tlld  - 

chanieal  engineering.      He   p. 

anaiHtant  einrine«-r  in  the  navy,  hut  the  clos. 

war  and  smne  diJliculty  with 

following  that  branch  of  his  pr"t'e»i"ii. 

• 

lyn    I'ark    Department,   under   Kr>  .-.v  O^B 

Bted.     In   1VI'-^   he.  he^an    railway  work 
Uailroad  in  South  Carolina, 

'-    on     the     Dutehess     ill 

Railroad   in   New  York.     In   1-7"  he  \\ . 
chartre  of  a  division   on    the   HutJalo.  N 

I'hiladelphia  Kuilnwd.  and  was  -.»,i 

;iiid  a  half  later  I. 
cat  in  g  engineer  of  the   Mi.) 
and  later  engineer  in  charj/e  ..t'  ji 
Southern  and  I ».  tn.it    Kaili 
the  active  practice  <•!'  hi.-  j-n-f.  s-i-.n  |,,.ii. 

:inaneial  depren.-ion.  I 

. 

with  1. 

<  '-imputation   of  Karthwor 
which  met  with   - 

a    IM-LMII   hi-   principal    w«.r.- 

.     of    the    I...c:iti<in    "f    Kai. 

,r-l  expanded  intoaHeriea  of  ar: 
Jiwtifiable    Kxj«-nditure   for  improving'    the    Al^K 
metit  of  Railways."  and  published   in   ' 
Gazette."     Still   later 
form,  and  U  .ted  the  a:- 

and  railway  men.     In 
M-tant  to  <  harli  -  I.ativ 
York.  I'enn-ylvania  and  O), 
the  courte*«v  of  Mr.    I'aine.  of  t).' 

experiment*  <>n  the  r< 

HUiTget«ted   a  paper  read  he  fore  tl, 

were  influential  in  eatabltahing  fonm. 

reniAtance  at  low  velocities:  and  in  I--t.  in   another 

paper  before  the  name  society,  he  gave  t 


•  » 

X  •  .- 

.' 

I 


.- 

JfUl 


UM 


inir  l.uilt 

m.j.r,,, 

»»•  tn 
(  Jamaica. 
Brooklyn 
•iprru  M 
•  v  ••inn 
r,  ••  •  •  v 


lW«tetel  DMfMM  to  -  TW  Crffaa*  ga*%* 

f&  ^JSLtj  sSS&SS 


.  •  . 


of  that  body  o»  UM  4eaf»  *  U~L-U~  faiM. , 

w»  alagMJ  OoranMr  of  Liaj  !• 

for  foor  ]r«nL    AttWefaa*  «f  kte  laf»Jh»  Majajai 

M V  prBCTM^v  to  ft  IMBHM  tfBHM  •••  flVV|^9V  N^V^HH^ 

lioo  fr«n  Ul  bwtlli  to  •*••  aiaMla^ 
/r«.«.  • 


I   •••'.   • 


•  i-n.  ami  lib  mat  atrvk*  to  the  world  cam 

«a  a  rmrv  ,-..inbinatu>ii  of  litrrmn  abilitr  with  aoiatt- 

Wertbrook    Baatovb  Fruk.  nhmician,  bom  to  8u 

WM»  irm.lu»(^l    at   Ixmff   Ulainl 

-unirf»t  an*l  rtr*' 
ane  I W«aW  of  ftuiyic.1  I'alhoJ- 

rook  waa  known 
o  operation  of  dr, 
'<»  of  poenmonla  whan  it  waa  b«- 

l,c«l  l.tormturr.hi.  lartwork 
m  of  a 


^   A  nwr.  born  in   lUix-haMar. 

I  aariatant  anfi- 

Ooneord  K«iln.a  .  -4f  b«  waa 

laajtaaof  9 


VHnoiad  to  oh .  • '  • 

«««  of  ro^dmarttr  and  mature* 

havlar  and 
wcvrv^l*. 

;  thai  line,  and  •ubaaqoaMly 


'  -• 


OBriTAKIl-     A.MKRICAN. 


•         ••    '" 
the  Ma**acbu»et^ 


the 


anp*M      \  lowi  •   w«»   •    v 
Dta**~  •«>•• 
WUliam.  Hawr  Willard. 

M*ML.  II  :   die. 


Igfi) ;  -  The  Messiah  « <  1874) ;  and  "  The  Restitution 

William  OhMJaj  fliiall.  editor,  tx»rn  in  CharUv- 

I 

.       -•.,..  ..-    Harvard  1  •«   >•  .-  ool, 
and  •*•  nlilor  of  the  last  8  volume*  of  t 
can  and  EojrtUh  Kncyclop*>ln»  of  Law."    He  pu"- 
rki    •   i    .    i ..:.:!  Lawi  ol  the 
Called  Stair*.  »>th  K\planatory  Note*  a 

•    •        ,        rt,  and   tin    Tn-asurj 
D«partmeot(1883 

.  \\.\\ 

laetta  -  Report*,"  1881 ).     I  lo  alao 
.•**"!   in  the  preparation 

Dt«e*tM(Ts06);  was  •  OOUabontor  of  the  u  Annual 
•at  "an.  I  nplete  Digest." 

. 

..  .   .,  .  «.w  there  June  18,  1895.     lie 
at  the  Boston  Latin  School  and  at  Ilar- 
:  School,  being  graduated  at  the  la»t  in 

n-c  year*  in  European 

tel*.    He  wa*  ophthalmic  *urgeon  to  the  6o*t< 
Hospital  from  1864  till  1891 ;  was  leet  un-r  in  I  i 

•ol   in   1869-*71;  and  wan  I 
Ophthalmology  th  'v\.  wh.-n.  «.n  P 

..  •     i).  wm  •'••'•  •  «nd*x  md  tir>t 
FreMdmtof  the  American  Ophthalmological  s 
He  trained  the  Boyboon  prize  for  hi*  essay  on  "  Ko- 
eaoi  Advances  in  Ophthalmic   Science,"  and   pub- 
lished a     I  luiesof 
the  Bye11  (186i);  •»  Recent  Advance*  in  Ophthalmic 
w(1866);"0f*ic*l  Defect*  in  School    (  hil 
[1868 1 ;  "Our  Kjes,  and  how  to  take  care  of 
[1871);  snd-A  Diagnosis  and  Treatment  of 
•  of  the  Eve"  (1886)T 
Wlkoa,  J*ass  P..  lawyer,  born  in  Newark,  Ohio, 
Oct.  19,  18S8;  -I..-.1  in  r  airfield,  Iowa,  April  22, 1895. 
He  waa  apprenticed  to  a  harness  maker,  and  worked 
at  hu  trade  till  1851,  but  studied  law,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1852.    In  1853  he  removed  to 
'airfield.  Iowa.    In  1856  he  waa  elected  to  the  State 
CoortiUitional  Convention ;  in  1857  to  the   Lcgisla- 
Ure,  in  which  he  wa*  made  chairman  of  the  Com- 
mittee oo  Way*  and  Mean* ;  and  in  1859  to  the  State 
Hanat*.  where  he  aenred  on  the  Judiciary  Committee, 
and  waa  ohoaen  presiding  officer  in  1861.    In  the  hut 
year  he  wa*  elected  to  Congress  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and 
he  wa*  three  time*  re-elected.    During  the  civil  war 
and  rvcoofttruetion  period*  he  was  chairman  of  the 
tee;  in  1868  was  one  of  the  manag- 
er* of  the  impeachment  trial  of  President  Johnson ; 
and  in  1M9  wa*  appointed  a  commissioner  for  the 
I'arific  Railm«L   H«  was  elected  to  the  United  State* 
BMHI  a*  a  Republican,  taking  his  acat  Dec.  4, 1888; 
WM  re-«lected  in  1888:  and  retired  on  March  3, 1695. 
la  1861  he  introduced  a  rr» 

atmmtf  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs  to  report 
a*  additiooal  article  of  war  prohibiting  the  use  of 
fftitad  Hutm  force*  to  return   fugitive  slaves  and 
prm  Mint  for  the  diMnia**l  fmm  the  army  or  navy  of 
a*?  ofltear  who  used  troop*  for  »uch  *  i.urposo.    The 
inmnHln  acted  according  to  thin  resolution,  and  the 
He  al*o  reported  the  first  hill 
reported  in  Om*ra»  for  the  enfranchimjment  of 

.     ........ 

in  Congrcas  of  an  amendment 
/  ulavenr ;  reported  and 
the  Hooae  a  Mil  gjv  ing  freedom  to 
children  of  colored  soldier*,  and  ro- 
MflblBbill.    Thr-  official 

JJl*»" -J**?" n  •*  Jh* 

•*••*•  **»*!'  -ia  in 

N    ^  '-..    Hew*» 

i«*ffct  to  0)«  I  n,t~l  State,  when  two  vrars  old,  and 
«*•»*  the  Monran  Iron  Work*,  of 

""  impmvement*  and 
architecture,  and    und. 

substituted    for   side 
He  apent  several  yean 


tile  wi«w  arf  . 


•broad,-  -Mini:  ni>  heavy  engine*  that  had  bt-. 

i  an.  I  suportutouding  tin-  i!- 
boat*  '  •  tin-  l>:iiiui'»-  Nnvi^'ni 

jiii'l  n.  . 

..It  1»\  thr  I'  •  nun  lit.    l> 

' 

wa*  taken  i 
as  ir*n»iN>rtM  and  «TU 
tended  Uie  «-'i'';! 

ol  \\\  ,,,- 


!..p  hiiincliol   in  tin    I 

IU  tin-    «-|.»h, 

.nit  h«-  «IUH  chii-f  cii^iiifcr  of  the  Mor^ 
of  ateamMhips.  and  he  In-!-!  • 

Mi.  \^  in- 

,:  \\hurt'.  It 
device^  \vl. 
tin-  st«-amshi|w  ti 

Wright.  Edward,  mil  it:>\ 
.Innu  . 

1895.     !!«•  rrmov.-.l  t"   i 
to  the   I.c-i.-laturr   in    . 
1862  ho  wa-  nc<l    tnai<>r  <>!'  ti 

' 


Int'antrv,  uii<l   at  tin-  dosr  - 

he  wu- 

eral  of  volunteer*,  -.turnr.!  t«>  tin-  I<egta0 

ture,  nixi  \v.  i    in  1st;.")  HUM   >«-r>-\<.\ry 

B  in  thr  following  year. 

<>n  ri  tiring,  in  January,  1^7<>,  In-  Wa*  appointed 
tary  of  tin-  <'aj>itol  Ooa 

Wright,  Henry,  fatlu-r  of  |>rofm<ional  I 
in  Shcllit-I.l,  Knirlaii.l,  .Ian.  1«»,  l^'.."-;  «li-  • 
City,  N.  .!.,  Oct  8,  I-'.-"'.     ll«-   came   t..   tin- 
States  when  an  infant  aixl  Icariir.i  tin-  j> 

•   V»rk  city.     In  1  ^."•l»  he  In-. 
player  in  the  8t  (Jeorgo  Cricket  Clul 
organization  of  t1 

pioneer  in  that  sport,  he  joined  it.  anil  • 
played  in  the  prim-ipa!  game*   of  l.r.th    <-lt. 
joined  the  Union  Cricket  Clul>  of  Cincinnati 
and  in  the  following  vear   I- 
mouH  Ked  Stocking   I'.a>e|,all  Huh  <.f  • 
w)ii«-h  he  played  center  field  till  19        • 
1882  he  was*  i  <.  i  >tainj  and  secretan  •  «f  ' 

.  .>el,all  Cloo.  and  daring  thi.s  engagatii' 
t^)k  the  Boston  and  Athletic   • 

for  a  series  •  •  .  .  :     \  tho 

Providence  (R.  I.)  club,  and  in   1  Phila- 

delphia club,  reinainiriir  with  tin- 

failing  eye.-i^'ht    ohli^ed    him   to  1  ^   a^H 

partially  returned  in  1  -'.<"•.  uti'i  }•.<  •  <1  oQV 

of  umpires  of  the  National  I.< 

Wylie.  Theophilua  Adam,  e<lu<-at<>r.  horn  in  Phila^H 
phia,  Pa.,  Oct.  8,  1810;  died   in    ! 

wan  a  son  of  Samuel  |: 

wan  frraduatcd  at  the  t'niverwitv  .  •  I',  nricyl- 
vania  in  1880,  and  was  appointed  an  ii. 
In  1887-'52  he  was  Professor  of  Natural   Philoa^H 
and  Chemistry  in  the  University  of  Indiana;  inleaV 
'55  was   Professor  <>f  MathcinatP 


versity,  and  in  1855-'64  held  hi-  t'-rmer 

Univernity  of  Indiana,  also  acting  ns 

1859.    From  1864  till  hi*  retirement,  in  l^sG,  hesertj 

the  university  as  Profo-- 

oo  retiring  wa*  made  profe**oi 

t'-r  «.f  t!i'    li'-formed  I'- 

.  111.,  in  183H-'52  and  i 

•  the  I'niver-ity  of  Indiana." 
Yost.  George  W.  N..  in 
1881;  died  in    New  York  eit  . 
brought  up  on   Jt   farm.  d« 
mcohanicH.  an«l  WH.H  apprenticed   in   an 
imjilernent  manufactory.     Aftc-r  fervin.' 
was  employed  for  man)  tu*^B 

Acme  mowers  and  reaper-,  for  w)iieh 
many  valuable  improvement- 

came  interested  in  writing  machine  -.  and  inveflM 
the  typewriter  bearine  .       ?  r-'ion 

of  it,"  see  u  Annual  Cyclopaxlia"  for  18M,  page  817- 


JtlES,  KORKIOS. 


,  before  hia  death  be  orfantod  UM     triaa  my.  b.  .— ,^ 

•4MM49W 


.  I**  nur.          part  of  UM 
I  OR      IBM.     K 


tabonu- 
II.  «M 


,..  ...    . 

traffic  that 
that  ware 
.a  the 


I..S     !TI 
:«.!.. -a!    h- 
•  IcfVat  <-f 
a| 


±•-516 

•TWIaartalef 


of    -Nanati**  U/WM*  (La^ 

....  -r  ...... 


.Taphical    - 

Ibr^ht   IVWdrkh  Badolf.   Auatrian  archduke  and 
.  ienna,  Au. 

'>»    when  twenty  yean  old,  he  aervi>. 

oamand  of  a  briirad. 

amiy  of 


-.,..     ..!•-.,  - 

MM  8ttM«to»(l§tr);  -M«rf  »-. 

,:-,  i  .-.  i.*  ...--....     •  -  -.  > 


af  at  the  capital,  h 

•»ban.J  i' 

^^pnituu- 


oat>in-ch»cf  of  Uio  broken 


i»ion  in  ttic  tt«ivni»<-« «i 
new  part  in  the  hmtl.-     f  Mnrtara  an«l 

•m  and 
^and   »•  .->       lie  a* 

••  8th  Army  Corf*  at     ' 
Nftofctr,  IMO.    In   \ 


vinjf  been  mane  ooaa- 

.na  diakaaitaoed  Au*- 


OBnTA!llr>.  N. 


NAVARRKTK—  I'.i. 


II.  WM  the  au- 

..ii :  A  Trm.  '  -    ' 

and  manual*  ofdrawinc  mid  dunign. 
y  Brantte,  Fraaoiaoo  d»  Paok,  a  >• 

•,   !»«««*.  Jaen.  May 
March  30.  IW.V     tie  wan  «    !.  urmd  and 

•  .n  ardent  defender- 
UettUi,and 


AlUi  III ii  at  nation  nf  illi  Mi  ho  wacaelected  to 
theoflfcwof  Patriarch  of  th,  Indu*,  and  at  the  Mine 
tftMVa»efMte«iar«nlii>al.  V  In  1881 

be  «•»  »i  i- •!.'••!   \  r.  h  hi*hop  of  SaragowMi. 
BnMtt.WQUuiOax.iin  Rnirli»h  poet,  born  in  Green- 

.n-h   4, 
I »..:,      II.    »»•   «.-ti>e   in   educational  and  of 

id  a*  a  none  writer  enjoyed  conaidcra I -I.  |M>|>- 
After  thTderth  of  Longfellow  h, 
bu»t  of  the  American  poet  -i,..u!d  I- 
in  Wortniinifter  Abbey,  and  I  .1  committee 

••    •    L]  Haled   bg  •'.•    Prinoi    of  Walee. 
•      •       »..:_.  ,  ,,..  ••  Poeme"    Loo 
l 860);  "Th.  nwich, 

P 

. 
I' 

UM8on«  by  a  Song  Writ.  < 
•v.  mnd  Other  Poeme"  (185S»);  -  I  h.    \\.-rn  Wed- 

-n  (1WO);  "<MI, 
ttoll.  ,  :d  Poem*"    I ..;i,.i. ....  1867); 

Uutioiui  to  •  Ballad  llintorv  «\  Kmrlai.  . 
(lx»doo,186«);«8ch<-  odoo, 

—    •••--.       r."     l...[).i-.n.  :-VJ    :  -  N;MT:I 
•  tut.  and  Ballad,.-    I.-.,,,!,.,,.  1^7;,,;  »  S. 

doo.  1  - :  •  -rk  ahows  facility  of  execution  and 

eoo<4dura>»le  ranire  of  feeling. 

Batatk.  Joaa  BtMrta  Scottixh  author,  born  in  Glas- 
gow in  July,  1809;  died  in  K.liul.uru'li.  Man-h  -J,  1895. 
TleatndiedatMar^  ,  r.U.ti,  and  after- 

ward at  the  Cniverwitj  of  Edinl.ur^'li.  Kut  h«-  would 
not  jri\e  eooiifrh  •ttentton  to  mathematics  to  win  his 
dtariie,  and  in  18»  waaacnt  to  complete-  hi*  Mn<li<» 
in  Gouiofen,  Beri  Eome,  \Nhrnh.-n-tunic.l 

IM  wrote  article*  on  German  liu-rature  and  education. 
and  in  1894  publbbed  a  inundation  of"  KauM."  II. 
wa»  admitted  to  the  bar  in  that  year,  hut  -av,-  hi.n  «t- 
tmkm  rather  u.  literature.  In  1841  he  WM  appointed 
.  •  ..- .  .-  .  beoauM  Sown  M 

'        .  •    .      •  -;    •      K    •-...)  •  r.      h,    1862   h.- 

•     •  .  •        -roekln  Bdinbmb  tJnJ 


had  Uvunati  atfit;i?i--n  )<>r  th.-  ••!• 
•      .•    •    .-.  ..  •-  •••  ed  -  v.  i,  in  Scotland, 

the  help  of  otlierm,  he  carried  on 
forth  with  era*  vigor  until  he  nuccecde.1  in 


•    >:.s.     Ik-  n-tin-d  from 
hi*  praTeaMvhip  in  \VS*,  but  continued 


Udtti«tUIUra«>dof>, 


to  write  and 


•  .    •  •  '         •:    ,       ..    f.-r  t.P.k 

rtl  utl  i  •  -..-•  ••  uctaoboku 
•*iip,in  which  be  wa»  no  adept,  and  he  wa> 
UMee  who  rapid  Greek  an  a  living  language  and  the 
awlenGreekaeabeini  and  exemplar*  of  the  i,,td 
•he  ancient*,     lw.de*  hia  philo- 
•.   Prof.   Blaokie   publUhed    popular 
i.  religiooa,  avthetic,  and 
-l-ular  lecUirea  on  tnativ  huLi- 
•ocial  and  i. 


MtK- 

{im 


took  advanced  r  •  an  a 

'       •  II.       WI.H     itltcr- 

••  laniruage.  and 
raiaed  the  i  -idow 

irh  Univerrity.    llin  prin-  i- 
a  trannlati 

-    :  Homer  translated 'into 
M;»  of  th<-  ll.-hh.n.U  and 

MeUenidi 
««««  and   1  t  the 

••'•:    -Natum 

wemx.r,-  .    :  -  .\ltavo- 

J  Goethe-  life  of 

^  •onf"  (I6«>e;;  "Songs  of 


>H9);  and  -Eiway>  ..n  Btthjeota  • 

Bogran.  Loii,  cx-l'r.  - 

Barbara,  June  a,  1849 ;  di.d  in  <.., 

.luh 

.a,  and   ctudied   hi 
ilun-  in  tl.. 

'    whi.-h   lie 
minatioii  <>f  the  war.    He  retired  in  Is7< 


iinanin  M'MI   rh-i-tnl    in  1  - 

/••.I  an.l  dir«-«-t«'.i  ini(>n  "t 

:  i.-an   State*   int. 

in  which   Nicaragua  should  ii"t   have  I<M»  jfri'ir 
jMin.h  i 
Bonaparte.  Lucien  Napoleon,  an  I 

.    .lie.l   tlier- 
-•ill    <•!'    Lueiell     i 

Knti-riiiir  the  Chutvh   . 
.ml   lotelligMMM 

Curia,  an.l  ua>  ereate.l  a  eanlinal  ,  18it 

Bonghi.  Ruggiero.  an    Italian  .K.-)n>lar  :r 
JHirnin  Naple-.  Mareh  _"M"-^:  d'n-d  in 'I 
in  < ',  •  the  xtu.lv  'ifphiloM^H 

an.l    a' 

"  ri'itiniiK  <.n    the   Bi-untifii!.' 
forth   a  trun.-lation   >'!'  1'lat-iV  "  I'hih;l-i.- 
i.-al   n«'t«-*.      DuriiiL' tlie  n-v..luti«'i. 
1848  Signer  I'minrhi  t'..iin«le.l   the  journal  "1!  N;I/.I.- 
liale."  and   Mihse.juetitly    he    was    Danio) 

in  <>f  N a] •!••-.      lit  1 ".".'.'  h<-  l>eeamc  I'rofoaiOl^P 
•|'hy   at    tl 

1864  "'.  re  at   Turin,     lie  »aa  atiKj 

•  juently  calle.l  t<>  the  rni\ei>ity  <.)'  K.,U, 
of  Aii'-ient  H:>tor\.  an«l   at    variou-  tinn-   lu-ld   'tin' 
himilar  |"-t.-.     II.-  u  a> 

.  I'll-!'  all.l  el.-e\\)i. 

•  lar  e.lu.-at 
MiniM«-r  of  I'u! 

supported  the  aecoixl  mini.-try  «.t 
tli.'ii_'h  he  ha<l  formerly  been  oj)po«ea  to  him,aj^H 

lIlOHt  lli>  la.-t   pllhlie  Utt'eraliees  Were   in 
G    .\eniinelit.       Th- 

lii-  nianv  work.s  ai 

••  l.a   Vila   <•  i    Tempi   .li    Valenti' 


"  r  rat  i,  rain   <•    K  NapieJL  If^aj 

:  \e-iiir.-u 

Kona 

Anti.-ii"  (  KOIIH-.  1-7'.'    :  "  Koina  I'airan- 
Brock.  Edgar  Philip  Loftai.  an  K i  teet.di 

in    LOM,I,,II,   N..V.    -j.  ]-'.)•;.     He  >1  e  |^H 

nv     -.'lio.il-     ali«l    entered     tl 

I  (alteration,  archit..  • 
he  became  a  m.-ml-er  of  the  firm 
shon  ,-.  1  on  th.-  n  tin •:•  "iM 

-hon.  .  e<ni<luet«-d  the  • 

of  the   firm.     He  d<  -iirne.l   a  trreat   nn: 
and  other  churchex  a-  well  a-  secular  l>uildin(fa,w|p 
hi*  rc*»torat 

in  a  si'irit  of  intelligent  eoi^ervati-m.      i 
a  mode  of  timlicr  eon-truction  in  thirteenth 
( Jotl  that  w  a-  IP  ' 

In  thrw  huildin. 
«.r  inaxonry.  and  the   i)illar»,  arcade,  at. 

Brot.  Charles  Alphonae.  a   Fn-n. •! 

•ii.-d  in  l'un>.  -Ian.  4.  181«.r,.      lie    i 
lir.li  veix- 

M-tori<-al  i 

till  is?'-',  he    had    the 
Ituhlixhiii!/ 
rior.     He  wan  01. 

iiid  of  the  > 
mati^u.-.      Il«-   wax  the   author  of  4    ]•!;<       •  ;    :  '":': 

>rlicr  ones  :•. 
••  Hi»toire   du    Cn-ur,"   "  !.•    'I 

-  "  wa-  \>u\>.. 
and  M  Deease  Raiaon  "  in  1881. 


*"**  »i"<"L  Tw  »«•'*•••'  *  >*• 

ajMtlMr  •MMjajMjHw  to  ••HaV  he*  toJaaja>  a*  a 
oan.WlBii.iaa.    AtiaVUiuWi*-; 


ati.   At  iW  Ua^  af  *•  M  t  ^« 
Alf»  W  «aM«rf  te»  M» 

<•!••  i  •»*•  Mif  .«*  M  i.i% 


rvmriitii.li:  rr-  order  ami  davtettea.  eeaxwewMrtJ.'  t  «*• 

r  villa*  Daw  AlfWn  for  French  la*k  and  wa»  pUc^l  in  I  *  lfc»  *«*  «  -**»  al 

»a«  wrll  a*  for  native  ownera.  Ljroam  After  UM  4elaat  at  I  «•«««  «*aai 

t*le-I>ue.  and  w»  the  BJatowa  to  atoi  aroea^  M^>.eaA*a»aaw  toaJJw^^av 

•nhiteet  whan  the  latter  w»  «MMMa  UM  —4  I  II  llfcj  «- 


:     :    :•     .- 


MIWIUHUB  ior  ^apoirua  111.  i  K^VIMV  MM  •*  «r« 

.nt.,i  T. ,V.tn."  I •»  «rll    a.   f^leMr?      1%  IW     i|Bni^r 

»  foUowimr   work,   by  b&  •»  token  -  .  ,»^**t  to  «-»*  - 

How    to   build    a   llou~-  lonwl  after  UM  »^r^^»  W  _*»l**'£fl 

lnai*'(l87&):-llabitoiiow  pea*e.    Tk»r»  r^.i^>M»  .    •ra»»4j>  to*  i 

irm  on  Archi-  not  ft»»  htoi  a  eWM»&    Itewaafaia^ 

beroVUMiafrM*.  faeja^alaf  Wafb  Uttlatoiea^ 


OBI  •       VIUKS,   FOREIGN,     \(  'AMKI-I  in  iu HILL.) 


but   the  wrtronc  Kepublieans    in    the 
i.ooorof 


••.-.--  •       ....     !!..•    I. "I 

funeral  to  M  the  aooouipTioe  of  Uiu 

J^taM,  M!?talian  historian,  born  in 
Milan,  iHc,  «,  1W6;  died  March  11,  lb 
Aeon  be  became  Professor  of  1  n  the 

OolleMofSoodrio.    He  afterward  in,  bo- 

eame  an  anleiit  Liberal,  and  on  account  <-<  thu  senti- 
.  .         •     •,-     •.  :,  '    II,,:    M  ..I 

Lombard*  in  the  Seventeenth  Century"  was  im- 
prisoned ror  three  years  by  the  Austrian  Government 
-   •  i  .1  )    i  . ..i i"  i. .-i '  i - 
I   ivaaoBoav^Maivhenta    1'uMvrla      (!&••• 
••Storia  Uaiveraale"  (1697)  has  been  translat< 
fioflMi.  French,  Danish,  and  Gen  -^  his 

otftor  worka  are :  - Storia degli  lul. a- 
lory  of  Italian  Literal. 

,    ,.         - .  .    .   "Milano,  Storia  de 
i'   -.     .   ,  i-;;    .  "<-r,,m>t'.rm  dellu  In 
drpoodonu  Italia  .-n.-nio  Storioo  at 

Promea-i  8po»l,o  la  Lombsrdio  nel  Sen \\  11 

(IS74>:  -  Dooatood  Kr>  ->ti  di  Him. 

with  C.  Korida  (1876);  "Carstter;  Ibbl): 

•BooaarU  et  le  droil  penal "  ( 1886). 

Carrier*,  Morit*.  a  German    philosopher,  born  in 
Oriedei,  Howe,  March  .'  .  in  Muni,  < 

.       ., 

Iln,  and  spent  some  years  in  Italy,  where  he  devoted 
himself  to  avthetics  amid  the  master  works  of  art 
Kcturning  to  Uennany,  he  became  a  privat  docent  at 
the  University  of  G Jensen,  and  in  1849  was  made 
professor.  In  1869  he  went  to  Munich,  and  lectured 
on  esthetics  in  the  university,  and  later  also  in  the 
Academy  of  Arts  on  the  history  of  art  1  le  acquired 
lame  as  a  philosopher,  starting  as  a  Hegelian,  of 
original  views,  and  diverging  more  and  more  from 
his  master.  His  fin*  essays  in  this  field  were  u  Vorn 
GoisUiehea"  and -Die  Religion  in  Ihrctn  U 
both  published  in  1841.  In  1843  appeared 
KoUierDomalsrreiedeutMheKirche.^  His  transla- 
tion of  the  letters  of  Ab41ard  and  Heloiso  passed 
through  several  editions.  Carrier's  system  of  philos- 
ophy Bought  to  reconcile  pantheistic  conceptions  of 
tne  world  with  deism.  HUohief  works  ure  "  Die 
bisohe  Wrltanschsuengen  der  Rcformations- 
Reliciose  Reden  nndBetraclituugen 
i  Volk";  -Das  Wesen  und  die  Form-  n  der 


Povsie";  •»  Aosthetik  " ;  -  Die  Kunst  im  Zusammen- 
hsn/  dor  Kulturcntwickelutu'  und  die  Id. -ale  der 
MeiMohheit " :  -  Krhsuunjp.1  henkende"; 

and  -  Die  sittlicbe  Weifeordnung."    He  also  wrote  an 
:•       ••••   N'ai  •  dor  Girondisten," 
an  eMiy  on  Cromwell,  si  he  Qeiateshelden 

im  Kl«s«* 

OMsa,  WUllaai  Uist  Baldwin,  sn  Knirlish  writer,  bora 
in  1WI ;  died  in  Hayes,  Middlesex,  Deo.  9, 1895.  Mr. 
Galas  was  a  well-known  scholar  whose 
of  Uoaoral  Biography"  (1867)  passed  through  four 
editions,  the  latest,  revised  and  enlarged,  sppelrin*  in 
l«*l.  He  was  also  the  author  of 


of  Edward  the  Confessor  to  the  Death  of  King  John  " 

v.<l.  with  li.  B.  Woodward,  of  an  "Encyclo- 

pe>Jis  of  Chropology*  H87S).     His  translation  of 

^»M«*>.  -  Hirtory  of  the  Reformation  «  was  is- 

JJf'"!-  J1*1^  •»  English  msthcmatician,  bora  in 

fwr«y.  Aug.  1«.  1821 ;  died  in  Cambridge, 

Jan.  ff.  latfc.     |{e  WM  rradnaUMl  mt  Trimtv  <  v,ll..,rf. 


r«.  aastnior  wrangler,  was  soon  called  to  the 
ntom  years  was  a  conveyancer  at 
jnn.    Wheo  the  Sadlerian  professor 
HMwrnaoataJbiishedst  CsmVidm.  in  IMS. 


he  was  one  of 
his  abilities 
de- 

_    many 

-~~—  VV««M.U*.      His  talents 
ortde  ieW.  sod  he  was  learned  in  many 


-a:    ^_.~._  '  ••••••wiaiujnii  ne  was  on 

Uiam  in  his  Drofewiom  snd  his  abil 

«oi»  iMOfiriasd  and  testified  to  by 

•2*  and  medals   received   from   ni 

•  to  yarioos  eoontries.     Hin  tal 

•*"»7»  over  a  arid*  teUL  and  he  wa«  IMTH^I  \n  ™ 


sciences  besides  his  own.    A  collected  « 
works  is  in  proceitft  <>t  j-ubli.  .. 

Pruss.  '  parati-   JM, 

«ry    Tlftttim;    <.n     Kliij 
•i'«n   t.»    MI-III..II->    <>n 
Kllij.t. 

Quuutics"  (l»7t»  ngUj  and   1' 

run-  1). 

Ohesney.  Sir  0«org«  Tomkyni,  m. 
ii  inao;  di< 

KlijTM..  .    .      lie  WJL- 

in  1886,  and  IP.,,  ^  President 

Koyul  ImliJiv  Liege.   ll« 

"I  '•  ln.l.:ili  i 

miration  in  India1'  (IN 

u  Volunteer  M  (1  - 
i-lM  "  A 
(1871);      1 

. 
anonymouhlv  tn>t  in  ••  Biaokwoodv  M»^' 

into  a  liltl, 
1-hKt  which  is  said  to  have  sold  to  th,-  nm 


Christian,  Ewan.  an  Kn^li.^li  arr).. 
1814;  tlu-'t  in  II;. 
Was  educaU'd    at   (  hri-tV    ll"-|.it:tl,  an-i 

on  »  1  1  all  -tim  bored  Bouses" 

1887  he  traveled  on  the  Contitu  u- 

he  established  liimx-lt'in  M. 

was  the  parish  rliun-h  of  Hildenboroug 

.  and  Inn  tii>t  iiui»<irtant  c-h»r<-li 

<l<-]>artm<-nt    in    \\  hi.-li    he    became   rmi: 

arborough.     H.    n-Mop-d  t 

of  Carlisle  and  Southwell   unwell  as  s- 

London   Citv   i-huri-lu-s.      His   ino.-t    im; 

ttonal  P'-rtrait  <ialli-rv,  a«lj 
(Jallery  in  London,  he  di«l  not  live  to  M  . 
From  l^.Vi  he  la-td  the  \«^[  ol 

,-ti<-al  ('onimi--i'.rnT«i  und   hi 
appointments.     He  was  President  of  ti 
British  Architects  from  1884  to  1880,  and  r 
the  Institute  ^>ld  medal  in  1887. 

Churchill.  Randolph  Henry  Spenocr.  -tales- 

man, iM.rn  in  Blenheim  l'al;i 
I.ondiin.  -Fan.  -J4.  1^'.'.'..      He  was  the  tic: 
seventh    Duke  of  Marl  borough  and  of  a  dim 
the    Marquis   of    Lon- 
donderry, who  was   a 
irrand-nicce    of    l.'-rd 
<'a>tlercagh. 
Randolph       Churehill 
was  educated  at 
School  and 
College,    <> 

Eton,  where  he  was  a 
contemporary    ot 
thur  Bulfour  and  I.  "id 
mani- 
fested   liis  erii  TL'V   and 

lity  in  frol'i' 

pranks,  and  at  the  uni- 

nt  on 

a  gay  and  reckless  ca- 

.it  applied   him- 
self U)  study   in  "rdi  r 

took 
honom  in  n, 

tory  and  jurisprudence.     He  trav.  ]«d  thr- 
rope,  spending  much  time  in  Austria.     H 

«-n  a  military  or  a  diplomatic  car- 
no  opportunity  in  either  for  Un- 
less energies,  embraced  Uie  char, 
by  the  oissolution  of  Parliament  early 
into  politics.     He  was  elected  to  }*''"' 

ituency  of  Woodstock.     A»  it  wtw    a    farm 
boroutrh,  he  was  not  called  upon  to  unfold  ! 
cal  principles,  nor  did  he  profess  any  e 
'  n  to  dladstone.    Though  his  father 


OBITUARlBtt,  FORBJOJf. 


rtt*!"..  ix*  trained  oormlodod  u>  earn  ih.r»«arde    of  A  MV  tedbMNM  MHM  -«»^*MMaM 

put**,  aaikt hkibi  '<B^I^IKfti*i!ftf 

.•Hi  U*a  JU*MH>  i  fc«»^ 

IMVpOMd  10  *«»i.   vW*  to  UN*   O.U   «*.!    j    ...  t    1rU< 

.",°iiuf  Uie  iOHilkM) lof  the  UMM,    «ad  WM  wiUl^.  iiJ'utll^^J^Ljyii^TtSSt 
»mb«r  lor  Wood^ook,  he    ana 


:rx.U-.l,    -I    M..... 

: 


•••    ..i    UM    Iff*      '  '     ' 


mvant  prviihlice,  and  draw  it  aliitu»t  un«il-     of  Lord 

...  beaten  by  Mr.  Mffct  te  UM  eel 
'lofroupthai  wan  nicknaned     Binnincham,bej|  ) 


ic  of  the  M-iitink'  of  Mr  Hnui 


• 
..   .   . 


*  .  .-.  • 


plaoo  both  tendon    ^^adTaaced  tke*  the  *M~* -~*  *m4 


mi. I  thr 
to  cvaltrd  wied 

«.   •  .   •    • 


•  - 


OBITUARIES,  FOREIGN.    (CLARKE— I>tiRjm>iu>.) 


for  rruilcm  and  waa 


lc,  which  Hovidtd  oo 

InrrftrT  lo  UM  brewer*,    On  tho  Ubur  quantum  he  took 

:-  :..-    '          .;:     r  :    ,:.    -    _•.       !       .1 

MIL  and  tnu«  baoinM  «*•  than  i-vrr  the  i<l<-l  •>(  the 
workintfclaaMa,    GeaefftlMrw*. 
MpMdnla  •wotal  vigor.    Toward  the  lai»t 
m    r.r  luutx 

-      •       v:       i  for  hU  hcaltl    Ui  i  to 
with  letter*  to  the  London  -  (.ruphic  ." 
him  on  a  tour 


in  all   his 
.    Lord  Randolph  Chun-hill  waa  the 

l.. n  SlbdT philologiiit,  I     ri,  .n  1 
;  died  there  MarcV  1,  ill'  early 

•Mohood  he  wa»  employed  in  the  British  diplomatic 
II.-  became  an  expert  engineer  and  a  ruil- 
thc  Ion  and 

•uncil  of  Foreign  lUnd- 


boldef*  in  1M8,  and  long  took  an  active  part  in  <  >ri 
ental  finance  mid  ;. 


in  aHairm  he  acquired  a  knowledge  of  a  gn  at  number 
and  variety  of  language*,  and  wrote  speculative  book* 
on  philology  and  ethnology.  Among  his  pul 

.       i.  '  Inhabitant!  of  Asia  Mi 


nor."  -The  Connection  of  the  Language*  of  India 
and  Africa."  "I'n-hi.t 

"TbeKhitaand  Kb  Ha- Peruvian  1  -.  rpent 

and  Siva  Worth  in  and  Mythology/  "  The   I 

and  -Early  HUtory  of  the  Mediterranean 


i  Camilla  Werreland,  a 
novclbt,  bom  in  rhri»tiansand.  Jan.  88,  181 

-ti.ni..  March  7,  1895.    She  waa  : 
UM  poet  Henri  k  Wergcland.    She  waa  educated  at 
UM  livrrnhut    Institute   in  ('hristiansfeld,  and  from 
1814  lo  1BS7  traveled  in  France  and  Germany,  stud  v- 
iDff  literature.    In  1841  ahe  married  !  <  ollctt, 

and  at  hi*  death,  in  1881,  she  left  Norwa 
in  aeveral  European  cities  successively,  retur 
Norway  ten  year,  before  her  death.    In  1855  appeared 
her  no*  remarkable  book,  -  Amt  Mandena  Dottre  " 
(The  SharifTo  Daughters),  which  was  very  popular 
in  Norway  and  has  often  been  translated.     "  Ide 
Laryr  Xartr  t*)  was  published 

in  IMt,  and  *  Ski  ate  Blade"  (Laat  Leaves)  in  1868. 
She  waa  an  advocate  of  the  righto  of  women,  and 
wrote  much  on  that  topic. 

Knpli.h  author,  born  in  Norwich 
hi  1818;  died  In  London,  Jan.  10,  1895.  He  learned 
the  printer*,  trade  in  Ijmwioh,  went  to  London,  and 

•  children's  book*  of  a 


. 


than  had  before  bean  printed,  himnelf  writing 
~  of  UM  Kingt  »••  *  f->-  -.».:«! 


>.  King*  of  Bng 
<-turc«,  em 
b  own,  and  with   . 

out    the    -Home  Treasury," 
i:.  ImMTt,  QoM.nd  W& 


for  which 
e»»Uhli»«hc<l 
of  nia  own. 

iUM«^  by  wtSu  like 
•ter.   Tbbwa.followc.1 
Benka."  and  many  other  picture  hooka.    He  w 
f  the  111 

•       '    •      .,.,'  -Al5r,f 
l««or    of  Wood  Entrmx  • 

Omflk..  Frmch  .Iramatint,  born  in  1818; 
K>  >r  more  than  fifty  yearn 
£!•(•»  «NM  of  which.  i«uch  an  ***Vruit 
**M§  Ennetnie*  de  la  Mainon,"  have 
• 

Ira  nal  i     friti- 


attaining  the  rank  of  commander.    AH. 

to  the  oatetc  ••»'  lii-  nm-lt-  at  FftirivMo,  he  wa> 

• 

rctiirnr.l  h:'  \\  iihi.iit    u 

He  b<-<  .1   aiitli.trity   »n    t,..\ ...   .,•'..  ,, 

wuia  Lilirral  whip,  and  WII.H  a  junior  I  • 

mi  rait 

'«.  w    BOVih    Walr-v      II. 

Domaa.  Alexandra,  a  French  nnvrliht.  Urn  ii 
July 

D  ••!'  Ali-xan.ln-    Ihiiiui.-,  the   .-1,1.  ; 
non   of  the  finiiMUH    mulatto   i;rni-nil   <-l 

Napoleon.    11.  \»n.-r.hi.-at«-.i  at  tl,. 
an.!  the  College  Bourbon,  where  hew 

an    inti-lliu"-nt.  l>ut    n<>t   hrilliunt 

villL'  c 


coi;. 
.•ire  of  aev« 

he        published       u  Lea 

•  de  la  . I.  unease," 
•   of  inditlcr- 
ent  poem.-.    He  had  no 
great  success  wit 
first    i 
turos 

and    ;.  puh- 

li.-hed  in  I.s4«»,jt:- 
returned  from  u  tour  in 
Spain  and  Africa  with 
Ins  father. 

aux  Come1  lias,"  pub- 
lished in  1858,  created 
n  tremendous  sensa- 
tion, which  never  has 

pathetic    power   of   his 

style  and  to  the  n  pr«- 

•entation  of  the  principal  character  on  • 

. i. -tresses  and  the  reproduction  of  the  t! 
Verdi's  opera  of"  Tra\ 

of  a    woman   of  his  ac.juaintanc.  .  -  •  •     \!..r.. 
l>uple»is.     I  Mima-,  the  younger,  while  not  s<> 
an  author  as  his  father,  wrote  mat;  :  plays, 

most  of  which  made  an  impression,  while  some  had  a 
permanent  success.      II. •  .-.metimcs  tool, 
problem  of  the  day  and  treated  it  in  a  novel  01 
strong    in    dramatic    action    and    realistic    character 
drawing,  but  having  a  didactic  philosophical  motive 

.s-  elected  a  member  of  the  Frencii 
Januar  i  was  made  a  ^rand 

Legion".. f  Honor  in  IS-.M.     i; 
the  drama  «.         1      Fill   Natun 
des  Feinn,i-s"  i  ls,;.j,;  •    . 
=  I'rinccssed 

. de,"  a  dramatization  of  hi- 

Alphonse"     .-. 
••  I.'l  '  .    I'rinee-s. 

i  IHS]);    ••   It-   • 

Dnrnford.  Richard,  an  Kn_'li.-h  pr.-l.. 
ford,  Berkshire.  Nov.  «.  l^»-j;  die.i 
land,  < 

rwtor  •  rth    ('hat ford.  Hamp-l 

educated  at  Kt«.n  and  at  Magdalen  College, ' 
He  waa  rector  of  Middl.  I 
1875,  having  taken   priest's  orders   in    ; 
rector  of  Middleton  he  was  honorary  Canon  of   Man 
cheater  in  1854-'56,  and  wa- 
deaconry  <.i  r  in  1867,  beoomii 

Manchester  the   year   f.-llowin-.      In    : 
made   Hisl.  AlthouL'!i  th-  • 

sixty-eighth   year,  he  entered   up- 
great  v  r  the  quarter  century  that 

ered  the  affairs  of  the  diocese  wa- 

of    the     II.' 

birtb^^H 

performed  all  his  episcopal  enirair'-rnent-  as  n-i:ularlv 
as  ever,  and  not  many  r.-  hi-.  d<  at 

known  to  walk  several  miles  afU?r  holding  a 
and    preach;  i. -voted    him.-elf   with 

to  the  furtherance  of  t.  i  iddle- 


OBIT  I 


*  i  •• 


all  part*  of  I 

;•..-..•. 

InllMlM 


to  penet/t 

^^Ktv.1   barvly  «ca|**l       In  maJ 

a.,*  in  IVM  h,  UM  pcartiaud  by  a  MMrtroka;  bat 


,:.-.  i    . 


SfS^iSfeBtesB.- 

5Srf»Ctef5Kt 

VMNwa.  of  L«iy  ll^a*  -  O-*» 
fyaadhn  aal 
Tbaat  - 


.  r     jv   |     | • 


: 


I  WTHMH    f^^rtmttm*     fMMVT.    uam 

I      :    :  \     .  .  'A 

yean  of  afe  be  went  to  Man- 
tather,  who  waa  a  eot> 
i  Ganaanv.     <>n    hia   journey 
•  bter,  hr  fell   ,• 
•fJHafbrward  he  waa  the  mart 

ft    Of     that 

a  (Head  and  lit 

uanifntfo  to 

•.-.,-        ;         M 


aTbani 

SES&ir 


iiti>; 

it .  .*>•  i 

M         -  ,    . 


. 


thor.  bora  to  IMt;dte4  la  lUarae  EaiOaZ  If. 

I  alaUL  11^   aa»AA.  ,^Ja»_MaW^   ^al     aft^^b^     at^a«a^BaBM  ^^^a>    *•      *^ 

*"Pw.        119   "••>  Wi9a9*WV   4W     IHvMa^  UvraaflaVJ*  OT  ••• 

aM*23*nia«n  .^Tl 


kln   C 


Mary  Amat  <  Wood    an 
i.ftNrld  in  1818. 


..."  that  the  Uwea  ap- 
.11   h,r  pnn-.r    . 
!»UyFffil\.llbr*aTlo|*bliah 

.    •;    «        '       >      ' 

chwof  boriatw*  aiotKTollaai  by 
I  to  18ft-  '  hance  u,.^ 

:•-....• 


phao  and  PlnlMU 
fcpfaad*  to  tW 

,ur>  -  <>:•.- 


•i,     |   |       • 
,  an  artiat,  whom  abe  aur- 

!:-r32 

Paper  C'alrndara,  and   ac- 
,t  3  vork  ...  i  i    toji  • 

I  from  her  band  eoc 
ietu  Maria* 


li*h  author,  born  In  I  lead- 

-i  H,  MU...  »...•••    M  q 

t,-r   .-,   •!..    BJU  -!•    .'     I 

n  early  lo  take  a  I 


MMI04IL*    r»^jW»aaat    iiHi'batJi» 
edyto«m«C*lto>9U«« 

^^  -       ^  ^^  ^Lrt^M^ftt^    «ff«tel>    «af 

W  fr»i*T   ivav^rv  «^   B^aV  ^ 


810 


OBITUARIES,  FOKl  KiN     (QALLBNOA— GIBES.) 


whtcb  he  attempted  to  trace  the  history  . 

me  of  Tacitus  lo  the  prearnt  .lav. 
5       .    ...     .        .,:.••          N      •      ...-•    U    DM    •    a 

i^ral  IB  ISiT,  but  he  toon  wtlhdn 

:  '          -s        •••:••      «ai    l.n. H    !»• 

nitiotcn"  because  ho  disagreed  with  the 
editorial  maiiaiauioiit  He  went  to  tin-  war  nixl  «a* 
attached  to  the  headqui.  nee  aa 

hbtorkfrapher.    HcsawthebattleeofWeii*. 

•    i        «...     .-        ...    :    .,      ..    '     .-, 

CMM  in  hie  Mters  to  tin-  journaU  at  home  he  de- 


erribed  too  truthfully  some  of  the  barbarities  that  he 

an  Italian 


cist,  bom  in  Panna,  Italy. Nov.  4,  1810;  died  in  l.an- 
4am,  Wale*.  Dee.  17, 18&  He  waa  educated  at  the 
OureraHy  of  Parma,  and,  becoming  involved  in  rev- 
'  eventm  left  Italy  in  18.31  and 

arioua  countries. 
Boston,  Mawk/from  18M  to  1888.    In  18. 
Borland*  and  in  1846  became  a  naturalized   I 
Mblect.  llewaaotaoeetedwithtbe  Lon-i 
torn  1869  to  ISSSMajMoialeoroi*  airain 

•  ••....--,-  .,!..,-,  .:.  affairs.  He 
waa  a  voluminous  writer  in  English  and  Italian,  the 
following  English  works  of  his  appearing  under  the 

Italy  Past  and  I' 
-wn  Paper-  Italy: 

lu   Prrsrnt  State  and   Prospecta"  (1848);  MS 
from   Italian   Life"  <1"  in    1M-" 

-  Practical  (iramtnar  of  the  Italian* language  " 

:    Book"  (1852);  "Historical 
Memoir  of  Fra  Dolcino  and  his 
IMS).      "  Castellainente :       An      Autobiographical 

His    later 

worka, pBbUahed  under  his  own  name,  include:  ••  Hi- 
lary of  Piedmont  »  (1865);  -.  Pied- 
mont" (186*  .ark  in  1864" 
(1884);  "The  Pearl  of  the  Antilles"  (London,  1873); 
-Italy  revisited"  (1875);  "Two  Year*  of  the  East- 
ern Question"  (1877);  "The  Pope  and  the  i 


(1879);  "South  America"  (1880);  -  A  Summer  Tour 
in  Kuaaia*  (18j8S);    « Democracy  acres 


••     A  Tali 


Life  "(London,  1884); 

JenoeU:   A'  Talc  without  a  Murder"  (1886);  "Italy 
Present  and   Future"  (1887).      A  Italian 

worka  are  "  Oltreraen  te  ed  < 

Prima  Caravona,"  -Manuale  dell'  Ellett..re."  and 
"A  che  ne  siamo.  He  was  a  foreihle.  pieturcsque 
and  his  work  shows  keen  observation  and  wide 
knowledge.  The  early  portion  of  his  career  after  first 
leaving  Italy  was  a  penod  of  privation  and  discour- 
agement He  earned  a  precarious  living  as  a  t 
in  the  Doited  States  and  in  other  foreign  co, 

•  England  his  situation  wa- 
in 1 848  hb  sympathy  with  the  Italian  in-ur- 
led  him  to  oast  in  hu  lot  with  them,  and  for  a 
«n  Italy  and  hia  ac 
1864  a  deputy  to 
In  1869  the  war  between  France  and 


' 


to  the  1 


Ironn- 
K:.    U 


• 


traceable  the 


:.    •.    .      Bfaifl     •     :•  - 

To  his  influence  ia 


ble  the  laiver  part  of  the  friendly  feel- 

'        :••    •      ,    K/.l/.-hm,-,,. 


.ea,  a  Brazilian  naval  officer,  died  in 

Ko  Grand,  do  >»1.  June  25. 1896.    He  waa  the  head 

1  WL5IS00|.W||«11  Adtn««l  Cuatodiode  Mello 
.'.•..•       •.  -:-,.. 

At  flm  Admiral  da  Gaina,  who  had  a 
ttoo  for  ability  and  honesty  than  any 
rto  {be  nary  remained  neotral,bnt 

'•t  with  •  •  t*.and  when 

fcr  UM  aooth  he  took  cotnr 

kept  up  the  attack  with  vikr«r  until 


and  MelloV  ffforts  to 
bad  failed     I  -red on- 

Majeh,  1894,  and  was  taken  on  board 

fwv.to  be  conveyed  to  I 
Ayrea  he  w»  permitted  to  escape  with 


«rf  adU  nrt          ,-^« 


rebcU  '.<!«•  d<>  Sul.  and  endonvorod  to  keep 

up  the  Mrutrgle  acratlist 

•!«,       Wliell   I 

pieces  ut  <  nareim.  he  t->"k  his  «>\\n  life. 
OeftVoy.  Mathien  Aognite.it  Kn n.-h  IUM 

April   -'1.  . 
waaeducaUHl  at  the  Normal  s.-li.».|.  HIM 

• 
was  called  to  the  chair 

tile  rum-arches  in  6 
1864  he  was  sent  01 

!•,.,»,  H 

three  yean  later  he  was  ap]H.int<d  «i 

. 

sh»rt   till.e  het'ore  )iis  death.       ll<-  wa.-*    t 

•  junit    writer    tor   the    ••  U.-VIH-    d.       I  »< 
'inci(>al    puMi-heil    uorli.s    •/. 
.mavea"    (I 

III  <  :   la  « 

k-Kom<  Main 

tenon"  (1- 
Qien,  Nikolai  Karlovich  de.  a  Kussiun  >t. 

•in  a  t'amil;. 

settled  in  Finland,  an-. 
imperial  lyeeiim  In    l-> 

•.e  Aaiatic  «le]iartment  «•!'  ti 

In    1^-rj  he  \v:. 

the  con.-uhi  .  and    alter   that    he  was  ofaaj 

intrusted   with   minor  di|-lumatic  n 
and  IM'J  he  wu*  attarlied   as  diplomatic  utfei.1 

'i  army  that  invaded  Transylvania  to  .- 
the  Hungarian  rebellion.     It 

iiiir  the  Crimean  War  he  was  chief  of  th< 
the  imperial  committsioner  in  the  hah 

palities.  and  \\  hen   these  were   e\;i 

S'UMI  !'-.•  .,  d  and  app  -inted  in  1 

sul  general  to   K^ypt.     In   Istlo  he  was 

Moldavia- Wallucl  .1  general  at  I'.  ;.-l.:.reM. 

From  this  ]  promoted   in    1  s'i:'.  t<>  1»<    i; M- 

ter  to   1'ersia.     He    remained    in    ] 

when  lie  \\as  appointed  minist-  r  at  IH:: 

rred,  in   i-  uhoim.      i 

I'rin.-e  (iortehakotf.  whose  i,  iicesa  ^I^B 

eiizetie.  was    his  wife,  recalled    him    to   St.  I'ftembA 
to  Hll  the  |.  .nt  to  the  .Minis! 

A  flairs.     He  wa.s  intrusted  with  the  rcoi . 
the  Russian  <-on-.u!ar  servi.-e,  and  also  to.-;.  --Lar^f  "t 
department.     Tlie    a^'ed    inis  ist<  r  el  •*« 
him  in  j.rel'.-ren.-e  to  more  hrilliant  and 
)'lomatistj<.  iu<  one  of  these  miirht  supplant  )i 
de  (Jier>  exerted  what  intltieiiee   lie   had  t"  av<  rt  tin- 
Turkish  war.  and  after  it  was  over  his  j 
sels  had  mor  nrith  the  Czar  than  tl — ••!  tin 

A  ho  would  have   defi. 
defende.l   th<-   San   St. -tan. .  ' 
.-"int. ination  that  Russia  could  n 
pose.     I'ritn-e  (iortchakoff  was  so  : 
his  assistant  was  aetiiiL'  min; 
the  negotiations  with  Kn^land  al 
1878,  and  about  MTV  in   i 
dismayed  hy  threats  and  Muster,  out  «'• 
)>a)'le  tenacity  preserved  all  the  adv 
ation.     He  arranged  the  treaty  wi- 

•latioii  of  Knldia,      After 
frress  of  Berlin  he  was  praoticaU} 

n  AttairH.     He  saw  that  the  tn  ; 
was  faithful  out.     <  »n  A  : 

n|>{M>intc<l    >' 
ehakoff  hnvine  at  loft  resi^ni-d.     II- •  - 

••  --ndly  relir 

Austria,  hir  did   he  possess  t 

and  initiative  of  his  predeccHSor. 

.    -.p •'!   t"  <l:r«---t    '  .    and  SOOflJll 

advice  in  various  Quarters.     In  t)ie  s«  • 
new  quarrel  with  Knpland  over  Af^har 

the  negotiations  for  the  delimitation  of  ' 
ries  in  the  Pamirs,  he  trained  all  the  pol- 
he  contended.     While  he  was  ever  fearful  of  a  con- 


OBITUARIES,  PORRIUN.    (OuMAO-lou  €|| 

»Uth«  danfer.«ftheK«M      a* 
I,*!  r»irnd~l     ao. 


»wing  ail  the 


*    I:.--  i  ...  • 

ran... 


.,  Who  «.. 
hot*   II  W 

I':.-.         1        ....    • 


•s 
Halle  aa  extraordinary 

«hl»f  «,.rk    •».  -    O.V;.L 


.      • 


trtb«to 

m     Mk,  aod  WM 
Na 


nrwmuMum     Mk,  aod 
icturt»  In  the  portloo     Nautkal 
eua  and  I 


^MMoUnjp  of  acenea  in  German  war*  hang  in 

•<*e   1*6*   he  ha 
•avlf  chiefly  to  portrait  naf 

J,'hVu-rw.    t',!'..'  '-'-.   "'..'.': 


I  aarveu  wita  aiatii 

Mahratta  war 

.arrird.  and   rvtunu.1  to  England  m    one 
<rani|>  t«i 


n  <  hclM-a,  Marrh  *A^^  of  |Ml.  wbef^  tW  trfhfclf  |^a^  to  •» 

u^niahed  gallantry  eMeM  deacendaol  of  tW  fceja»Wv  •/ iW  4y  awt 

IxMdOoofVwhoa;  Bb»MUlM«riM»tf«lM»A«JMel    lSl«5 

r      »  ,     r  t  I         »  '.  i  — -^    •hV  ^    IAA^^^ 

rx'iumca    w    JHMnwMl    •*  OD9  Of  1D9  WMfV  • 

an  Abba*.    l^MUw* 
•mdition  to  Kohat.      1! 

•*  inning  the  grand  en—  the  Kmperor  of  the 

Order  of  the  ilatf..     II.-  waa  <xmt«»Midor  In  ropau  rater 


.j:en  in  18&1,  after  uking.  i-n     Abjat  J^y^^g^to^'aiM  .^  M. 


.  anny.  and  for  two  mooth*  held  dent  by  which  bU  w~~,  .^,. 

une  office  in  Remral.     From  IH«;  till  1-72  he  retwned  amle  rron 

.idminlatnlion  wm*  dan  and  mtittA»A  **d  *• 

*occowful  -un.  he  fhimil  lilBMlIf  !•  I  miawiia  if  1 


rwi 

, 

•  -«•  ••«,.,iiari,-»,  ete.-".:IM».:    bo^JH.byliiniil»a^ 
I  other  Koema  an 


q.illartea,  etc,"  (1999}:  boafM. Mr  NMtvaatav  ta»  ai 

Oarward  «pit»ded  £TlMgihmia  11      il  •  *  «gjHr«**rg!g 

iwiioe,  fV-m  the  tillLi   IW^  U»tey  iW  «V  ^  \^ 

••arablea  oha^ed  l»  Kh**^  «U  tk. e3ay  e/  elMjlMI 


"u-  -     '     ' 


5    of  a  fMfll  pLt  ejf  th*  Iw4  tifVpTL  aarf  tW^e^ 


OBITUARIES,  FOREIGN.    (KEMTOWSET-LOVBN.) 


were  brought  to  a 
The  railroads  of  Egypt  were 
:  i  vat  ion  of  sugar  WM  intr«»- 
dtted'on  the  Khedive',  esuu-s  at  enormous  » 
•A  tfee  canals  were  improved  nti.l  nralMptitd    Port* 
Alexandria  and  Sues.    Imiiail  also  built 
palace*,  maintained  a  SUJHT- 


ministers  while  preserving  tho  dual  contn>! 


many  sumptuous 
and  ballfi,  and  fe 


and  feasted  and  run-ruined  every  person 


thai  visited  Egypt.    B  very  Enron 

AUrtr*!  an  enterprise  in  Egypt  OOVH  rely  on  the  tinan 
cialai-:  md  himself  pecuniarily 

masrd      When  Ismail  ascended  the  throne  he 
that  Kenlinand  de  Lessens  had  secured  con- 

-.e  embarrassing  and  dangtr 
the  state.    To  rectify  his  predecessor's  mistake  he 
was  willing  to  pay  heavily,  and  ho  generously  re- 
•    -     •  naaOonto  Napoleon  Ml. 

who  feed  the  award    at   100,000,000  francs.     The 

..      •        ;        '     ..:    dan.-,  r  that  th.-huild- 

ing  of  the  Sues  Canal  involved.    If  he  could  have 
done  so  safi  .Id  have  canceled  the  conces- 

sion ;  but  since  he  could  not  withdraw,  he  worked 
amlously  to  make  the  canal  a  success,  relying  on  the 
friendship  of  the  French  to  av,  rt  evil  consequences, 
and  this  friendship  he  endeavored  always  to  • 
at  the  cost  of  heavy  pecuniary  sacrifices.      I 
Pasha,  after  obtaining  in  1866  the  title  of  Kh.-d.-vi  - 
•n    of  sovereignty,  increased   his: 
army    and    acquired    a  fleet      Hut    this    *  x.itcd    the 
j«*lou»  rt. .  which,  in  1870,  with  the  sup- 

port of  the  great  powers,  required  him  to  deliver  up 
the  armor-clad*.  In  1868,  when  Ismail  was  received 
as  a  fellow-sovereign  at  the  European  courts,  and 
afterward  entertained,  with  regal  pomp  and  splendor. 
the  French  Empress  and  the  Praaaian  Crown  Prince 
at  the  opening  of  the  Suez  Canal,  h.-  reached  the 
of  his  glory,  but  not  the  summit  <>f  his  arnbi- 
In  1*73  he  distributed  an  immense  sum  in 
bribes  among  the  dignitaries  of  Stamboul,  to  obtain  a 
new  firman,  which  transformed  Kiry  pt  into  a  j-rac- 
tically  independent  tributary  state,  requiring  only  an 
acknowledgment  of  the  suzerainty  of  the  Sultan'and 
military  aid  incase  of  war.  He  then  set  about  the 
'  nofthe8oudan,conqucringl)arfurinl874, 
;  in  a  campaign  against  Abyssinia.  Ismail 
.  ,  were  already  embarrassed  in  their  finances. 
From  the  first  the  international  money  lenders  had 
him  In  their  power.  With  railroads,  harbor*,  irriga- 
tion works,  sugar  mills,  armaments,  and  palaces  half 
finished. snd  innumerable  in-i  j. rises  un.ler 

r  which  he  had  made  himself  responsible,  he 
could  only  keep  things  going  by  submitting  to  ex- 

•••:..-..._.        ....  •    r  -,         !.!.:.",     .    v.d 

only  a  fraction  of  their/ace  value,  and  renewing  loans 
with  others  of  longer  term,  with  86  per  cent  com]  *  ,u  nd 
interest   added.      The    productive    and    tax; 
powers  of  the  c.  .aaed  with  remarkahle 

rapidity,  owing  to  his  improvements,  but  did  not  keep 
pace  wish  the  debts  that  were  thus  multiplied  on 
valent  consideration    being 
Khedive  waa  compelled  to  sell  to 
.000,  with  which 

In  1876  default  was  made  n 


. 

paper  without  any 
aSten.    In  1874  U 


§  of  the  English  and  French  bondholder*, 
«l  o«t  a  plan  of  financial  reform  to  which 
tresd.      Anoth.r    English    financial 
TJr*  W|U°^  havio*  Indoeedlemail  t< 

sj «js»  •«  * 

«»y  of  Finance  with  Xubar  Pasha, 
/.        Works 

eansmnenee  of  Om  a  military  revolt 
*7».  and   Umail.  who  was  sus- 
V  iatfsfineiineetSon,  carried  out  a 

KWXttFS^Z*1 


great  powers  thereupon,  through  th.-ir  o.nsn 
erals,  demanded  the  abdication  <>f  Uma 
refused  to  resign  at  Uu-ir  hi.  1.1m-.  hut  Mihn 
be  formally  deposed  bv  o,  "  h<  n  th 

nnch-r  pressure  from  England  m 
duccd  to  issue  the  decree.    On  .inn.-  •..••;,  i  »:•.•. 
I'asha  fonnally  aUli.  at«l  in 

.Inly  1  Jn-  K-ll  h  11.-  Knilod 

-tar»tni.'|.lr.  hut  wo*    ' 

Hi-  livi-d  in  Naplt-.s  until  politicians  raised  an  «  .:  r\ 
against  lii-  \»-\\\z  allowed  t»  kc>  p  u  I... 

.iU"  a   .nlinrt   tinif.  ati'i 
to  Constantino].!. 
maindiT  o|'  hi.H   lif.-  \\itlnmt    holdil 
with  tlu-  Sultan,  und  n-ally  int«-rii 
(iovrniiin-nt. 

Krsttowiky.  M..  a  Ku.—  •  .  l-'-ni  in  r 

miim-nt  oi    Ki«-tV  in   ls-jo:  ,li,.,i  in  Warsaw  i 
nuiry.  1s'.1"'.  B  tssiao    am, 

ot!i«-i-r  of  I  hhm-.  tir-t  in  the  line  and  afterward 
guard.     iMirinu'  the   Huf.!»«>-Turki>h  \N  :r 
tachod  to  the  general  staff  as  ( 
the  most  esteemed  novels,  manv  of  \\  ln<  h  h;. 
translated  into  Fr>  \  <•«-. 

menseh-  r.  "  :  *  I  b«  Bphyu 
Troupeau  do  Pan  ^ous  lea  Chataii;' 


pea 

Dioblotin";  »•  My  Uncle  BujanofT  ;  und     M..,, 
Ridfl 

Lauth.  Frans  Josef,  n  < 

iied  in   Muni.-h.  K.-h.  11.  I- 
was  a  professor  in  tin-   l'niver>ity   "t    Mun 
<  ..n-.  rvator  of  the   Egyptian  coll- 
important  published  work  was  "Man. 
Turiner  Konigspopyru-.       }'. 
hurt    <lcr    Minerva  anf  <h-r   (  'o-jiiariM-l  • 
'•I>:i-  «i.T!nani-.-he    Kunen-Fudark  "  ;  "  Da-*  1 
sal-  Alphabet  auf   «U-r    (irundlage  des    lid 
Sy>t<-m>  ••:••]..-/  ...'.aques  de  I)«  •  M  •.-••» 

der  Khraer.  aus  /wei  I'apvrusurku! 
t<prit-al  Reanlta  of  Egyptolog]  <'hrt> 

noloL'ie  ";  ••  Homer  nfi-l 

\"rx.«-it  ";"  MoHCH-HoaarHyilhos-Salichiw";  an 
rian.-lii  -St. 
Looksr.LsmTMon    Frederick,  an    !'.' 


<;n-en\vich   in   1^-Jl;  <lied  in   1,'owfant.  - 

80,  18H5.     Id-  wa.-  a  .«..n  of  K-lward    Hu»k<    I       kcr, 

who  founded  th 

pital,  and  was  for  some  years  prici* 

Admiralty.       AnidnLf   writers    fit'  i-<r*  ./ 

ranka  among  tin-  tir>t.stan«lintr  in  inu<-h 

latiiin  t«>  hi-  vati«.n  tliat  Mackworth  1'rsud 

Stood  to  his.      His  t»u<-h    is   tin-  lit'litt-st  JIOSH'I! 

his  humor  IH-V.T  I.e.-omes  flippant.     Am    ••/  hi- 

poems  :  i       ••    \     N  inh'Dt."  "  A'    (I.T^iri 

A  Human  Sku1,  .  l  **« 

Houscmai<l."     It  has  l>een  well  said  of  him  t! 
has  set  small  talk   to  music,  and   so  ;,.: 
never  checks  the  How 

.  as  a  si-ter  of  the    late    Karl   <>f  K 
second  wife  a  daughter  fit'  Sir  Curt  .    AflFJ 

the  death  of  liis  t'atlier-in-law  Mr.  !.-.<  ) 
name  LampHm  to  his  own.     Hi-  j-uhlislied  w. 
dude  I*70K 

..ntiarum"  .editnl,  !>•  A-rk' 

.  Ifff), 

Loven.  Bvem  a   SwedMi    naturalist,  horn  in 
in   IHM-.I;  di.-d  ti  L895.     II. 

son  of  the  Mayor  of  Stockholm,  and  HINT  ta. 
degree  at  Lund  he  wi  nt   to   p,.  rlin 
lectures  on  natural   history.     H«-turnin_- 
he  devoted  him^clt'to  stu<lyinL'  the  maritime  : 
the  coasts  of 
and    the    llaltie.      He    hi  .-ainc    a    prof. 

!  ,-cum  fit'  Natural  Hi.-' 
holm    in     1-41.       Amoritr    his    nurriep.  .-     sci<-ntiti 

rs  ore  the   follo\\ 
"  <  Jimpanularia    and   >\  nc... 

>.rnt«  Animals"  C  Development  of  Lamelli 

hranchiatcs"   (1848);   "(.ladal    Marine    Cm 


pean 


(1848) 
(1862);  "Portulesia"  (1878);  «  Echinoidea*1 


"HH  i   \UIK8.  PORK10N. 


,,      V, 


Mitttitai- 

rm" 


!l».  .1.    1  >!,'...      " 

ra.  t«.J 
Ifir  S«-«- 


r**vi 
uu»  ftMiaydU  hi*    ( 

•:::..:.  ,   •   .:  ,    •       • 


obaeninf  bowthUwa. 
ind   acted  upon 


A**JU«E«r  Catafii   .U»  * 


d  aUo  the  artion  of  the 
eleary  are  doe  to  him. 

raof  ftieplaea 

and  at  the  time  of  hU  death  w  a*  to  ibepe 

uty  at  r«,,,»,r!.L-,       He  waa  the  eve 

l>i«ent,and  the  the 

Popular   Introduction  of  the 
during  the  Seventh  and  Hfhth 
•aoiaf  Joha  IOM.  a  SoottUh  divine,  horn  in  Bon- 

tIM.     He  waa  educated  at  the   l'ni\«  • 
Wtebvrf  b.  and  waa  ordained  aa  mininter  of  a  t«ri*h 
•-     r«-  in  1 M-..  «  h.  nee  he  peMed  to  a  Perth- 

.  ve  in  Kent  and  five  hiraaelf 
«fet.' 

.";"llemoriea  of  Bethany": 

The  Golden  Goapel "  ;  «  Moral 

1 ««,—  «, 

htory  of  a  Dewdrop  "  ;  and  M  The  Story  of  a     art  aurvtoaa  a 

her.    For  her 


Malapbk  Aaikare  an  Italian  prelate,  bora  In  Mo- 

ts. 


blabop  of  Permo,  and  wan  created  a  cardinal, 

lUrUuv  Beojaaia  O^Haat.  a  French  hbtorlan,  bora 

I'ari^  May  «, 

•*.    II  Normale,  and  beewM 

profeMorat  st-  .       .-_•  .-,  1M",.  an. I   la    16    I  wn  •    • 

.turr.  whn 


K:  -, 


at  the 


in  1M4. 


a  member  of  the  AeMiemy  of  Meral  8eieiKw» 
-trainooawerk»trer«MLeaMoralk«ea 


L 

ifcrgua*  Markm  Crmik.  an  En«IUh  MVfl- 

-nd  daughter  ofOeorfe 

•foCraik,  the  well-known  author,  ami  married  A, 
• .-  h.-r  .train,  but  eontinurd 

rid  aa  Georffiana  • 
Uiverwtntu"  appeared  in  lv 
•Her  that  date  »}-..  la  book  near!} 

-rk  waa7ll  well  done,abowinar  .v 

m.l  in  cowtraetkm  of  pW*.  and 

ular.    Thev  include:     niaillBaT.^ 
KiiwiJoornal:  ABook     UK  III  I  m+ 
riy-moaiStertea'" (INi);    l^t  fc  «w* 


>red  Uie  prieathood  at  an  early  ace.  became     ney  in  I«TO  and  l0Tk  e»J  at  c'ali  aeai  to  I* 
known  for  hia  eloquence  and  learning,  roae  to     wnanaa  in  the  eelaaty  •  e*  Uorr  aa»e»  1*4*  Mam 
rtno,  and  waa  created  a  cardinal.     Mcndkfc.  »fe  Meto  levwMtT«rfM*Ta*Oaa«i 


.'.14 


OIUTCARIES,  FOK 


liae  Mottanrich,  who  waa  an  intimate  friend  of  the 
Bmpre.  Kuftnle,  ™*  prominent  flgu 
•Stadias  insrUna:  betw.-.-n  N.ij«.U-.,n  III  and  Franz 
«^i«n  I-  aided  in  the  cs. 
wee  rivalled  on  the  fall  of 
theaceftmh  took  no  part  in  j.uMi.- 
.  vote  with  the  ICodoC.  Coiwcrva, 
'  »'••'-      H--  --''' 

:     •  '       !.. 

a  Danlah  eurgcon,  K 

-•'•••     I'-  practiced  hia 
1867  he  dlaooverod  in 

••< 


l» 


, 


. 


..   .  .  Kl«:  ,.  -,nk'en.  April 

He  became  director    t  :  labora- 

rwlaa  in  18A9,and  in  1888  went  to  Karls- 

i  at  rroltoaaor  of  Chemistry.    He  waa  called  thence 

to  TftbiaMQ  in  1878,  and  in  1885  he  accept. 
otomicaTebatr  a:  "ing.-!!.     11  in 

•Met  ueMiiHeil  works  are :  M  Die  Gaae  dea  Blute*," 
-Die  Moderaen  Theorien  dcr  Chomie,"  aud 

•       .        !  -.-.•• 

MoMriet  Lord  JaeMi  Wellwooi  a  Scott i*h  jurist, 
bom  in  Edlnbuiyh  in  isll;  died  there  April  27, 
18M.  He  waa  educated  at  the  University  of  Kdin- 
nad  to  the  bar  in  1838,  and  after 
ea  an  advocate,  rose  to  be 
in  1H&0,  and  Lord  Advocate  in  1857. 
Thia  poet  he  held  in  all  the  Liberal  ministries,  sit- 
tin*  for  Lcith,  Edinburgh,  and  the  Universities  of 
niaejui  and  Aberdeen  in  the  House  of  Commons, 
••tube  was  raiaed  to  the  bench  in  1869  as  Lord  Jus- 
Hat  Clerk.  In  Parliament  he  labored  to  establish  a 
syatetn  of  education  in  Scotland,  and  ho 
modernizing  the  old  educa 


He  was  elected  rector  of  Kdin- 
bwvh  University  in  1868.  lie  was  made  a  baronet 
la  1871,  and  in  1874  waa  rataed  to  the  peerage  aa  Baron 
HoMrietf  of  TttWebole.  In  1888  ho  retired.  Lord 
Mooorien*  wrote  much  for  the  M  Edinburgh  He 
and  to-Kra*erVi  llagaane"  he  contributed  a  novel 
entitled  M  A  Viail  to  my  Diacontented  Cousin.n 

Hoom.  Haarj.  an  English  artist,  born  in  York  in 
Ittl  ;  died  in  Margate;  Juno  22,  1895.  He  waa  a  son 
of  William  Moore,  a  portrait  and  landscape  painter, 

...-••'•  \     •:  M    -  .•     .     •..•  ..  ;.•-.-. 


M    -  .•     . 

llwy  woo  a  hiirh  repotation  as  a  painter  of  nglish 
eoaoarv  la  broad  atyle  on  amall  canvases  before  he 
devoted  himaelf  to  the  study  of  the  open  sea,  and  de- 
vtloped  a  rare  art  of  catching  the  play  of  the  wind 
and  Ilirht  upon  iu  aorfaoe,  and  all  the  forma  of  waves. 
Ilia  jilioea,  moathr  ahowiag  a  plain  expanse  of  water, 
ended  UTlfce  Kogluh  Channel,  unrelieved  by  rock 
orabore  or  aaiU  ware  exhibited  and  admired  in  Paris 
fas*  before  they  were  appreciated  by  English  critics 
and  aaaatnnn.  He  was  made  an  associate  by  the 
Roral  Aeajdemj  in  188ft,  and  an  academician  in  1898. 
•ariaoi.  Bertke.  a  French  painter,  horn  in  1840  ;  died 
in  Part,  ahoot  March  1,  189ftT  She  waa  the  wife  of 
Itfeaa  Manet,  a  brother  of  the  painter  Edouard  Ma- 
le  developed  a  atyle  of 

,    socially  the  luminosity 

ikM  ab«  fav«  to  all  her  worka,  whether  portraits,  in- 
riattdaeapea.    Sbc  wm  particularly  happy 
fctaf  the  beahfni  mnaee  and  the  transparent 
In  open-air  pieeeaVaa  in 
orof  MaVSuea,  ahe 
^^in^uUhing  the 
e  Femme  au  Bal  M 
iMft«i  w  tb« 


,-OMMI]  general  in  1*44; 

:,.  ran  in  1 
I'.rm-h    min 

murk  in  i  i  Ttu^al   in    1-    ;.'     In    1 

he  was  mad  <  d  e^Hti 

riences  and    :  :in<l   as   a    writ,  r  of  1<>P^K  (I 

books  waa  noted  for  <^»»-\   him..>r  and   • 
neea.    He  puhli^h. 

years  1888-'S6n  (1^'>. 

the  «  hild 
. 
Faith 

Noailles,  Jules.  I>ue  de. 
Pari*.  o.-t.  ; 

devoted  himndf  to  foon<>mieal  htn 
land   and    tin-  I'nili-d   State,   {,,  Mudy   f 
ic  condition-,   and  published   works  on  th< 
While  i. 
the  Fren.-h  mil 

;  art  in  puMie   atl'airs,  hut  w  a-  ono  "t   tl 

the    (  'olllt' 

t«-nder  entered  into  the  allianee  with  lioulan^er.    Till 
ho  succeeded  hi.-  father. 

Due  d'Ayen.     Hi.-  \\--rl-  in.-lude  ••  De  la  D<Sccntt*  I 
ii-ation  en  Anklet.  • 

iier.-hes  Mir  I'estimation  ,!«•  la  liiehensc  i 
it  privta  en  France  et  en  Anirleterre,"  and  l>  < 
de  Kepublimie  aux  EtaU-li 
O'Neill.  John. 


an  Kn-lif.li  j.hilol.^ist.  d 

.t,  in  .laimarv,  1^'.»'».      He   \\  a>   a  «'icrk    in  llu- 
British  \V'ar  <  Mli«-«-  for  many  year*,  ami  !it't<-r«ar«l 
sent  to  Cyprus  as  accountant  i/rm-ral  when  n 
b»h  a»lininistration  wits  tir>t  cstuMishc.l   tin  n 
(iurnct    WnUcl.y.      In   that    »-a].ai-/  . 
the  new  sy>ti-m  the  OOnipl'u-aU'd  aiul    ii; 
arrangements  bequeathed  l>y  the  ottmnan  nil-  : 
fixed  the  exchange  vahu-.s  of  the  many  - 
rcncy  used  in  the  i>hiixl.     He  <!<•%.. ted  hi«  min-- 
the  mastering  of  languages  and  v>. 
triliutor  U)  the  philological  .journ:.!-  <>l'  I.'.n.l«.n  . 
Paris.    He  wa-  author  of  a  philoeophica]  w 

J'arativc  relii.'i<'ii  entitle.l  "The  Nurht  <»t'l 
Opel.  Julias,  a  (ic-rtuan  hi«torian,  oorn  in  . 

July   17,   Iv-i'.':   «li«-«l   in  Ha, 

studied  history  and  philology  at  the  t 

Halle  and  became  a  collaborator  at  the  ! 

stitute  in  1864,  and  •abaeqoently  direct-. r  of  the  HIM  I 

Gymnaainm.    He  was  a  hard-working  m-  m i.cr  °f  V  I 

historical  commwsion  of  the  provim  :.n-l 

forrnanv  year*  president  of  the  Thuringio  Sa\'.n  llu* 

torical  Society.     Some  of  his  iiunun.u>  work*  nrr : 

-her    Niedenftehaiaehe    Kri.-tr.    I881-'i'     :    -l»«t 

dunische  Krie-  v.n  ir,-j4  bis  1626";  ul> 

Krieg  von  HJ-J7  his  /inn  Frieden  \.,n  I. 

and    a    memoir   entitled    u  Dcnkwdrdigl 

Ratbameiatera  S|,itten-l.,rf  "  H894). 
Ormsby.  John,  nn  Iri«h  Hcholar,  )K>rn  in  dart: 

bey.  Mayo,  April  'J.'».  1^21';  died  n 

land,  Get  80, 1895.     He  was  educated  at 

lege,  Dublin,  e'.ntrihutcd  frcqucrr 

and  was  the  author  of  u  Autumn  Rambl 

Africa n  (1864)  and  M  St i.  lloflH 

beat  known  as  a  Spanlah  scnolar.    Ho  translated  <*^HI 

Poem  of  the  Cid.'  with  intr<Mlu<  •• 

andalao44  I>"ii  (^ui\««t«-."  with  intnMluetion  und  i    ('•• 

(1884).     Hi:*  ver.-i<.n  "f  the  ('id   i-  the  only  cOi^^^H 
F.nirlinli.  und  comes  as  near  as  possible 

iipirit  n}"  th<-  or'nrinal. 
Palmer.  Edwin,  an  Knirlinh  H.-nryman. 

bury.  Oxfordshire,  July    18,  1824;  died 
i  -'.'.">.      He  \va-  the  y. 

Scl  borne.     He  was  educate  1 

fellow  of  Balliol  from  1848  to  1867.     i  I. 

feaaor  of  Latin  in  the  nniv.  r 

that  office  in  1878  on  being  appoint*-!  An-hd< •;. 
was  a  ripe  M-holar.  de<  j.l y  -. 

literature  of  Greece  and  li'.me.  and  aa  tut 

fesflor  at  Oxford  filled,  as  has  b.-.-n  w,-U 

"  an  eminent  place  amonir  eminent  coll. 

WHS  one  of  the  reviwjreof  the  New  Testament  and  ed- 
ited the  revised  Greek  text. 


r  BanialL  an  Enffttah  jori*,  born  la  MU»    to  owna*  kit 

iu*J  in  1'cirr.ft.M.     .Ut«.  b*l  rMiCMTWaCLtlli 

C^M******  a^  JTmT%i7i:^^ 


•1* 


Input 
nil»r  aifl  »*»  « l**tUd 


•  at  il.i« 
when  he  *«•  Chancel- 

<;iad.t..ii.-. 
.  MM, 


>  life  hr  rrn.«in,x|  .  l.iU-rnl  l'h:    ....'.       !i,    .;.'  .  . 

•t  Ihr  hoiiir  rule  I. ill  in  tl.r  ||.,u.,-  of  I     r->     •.      |  .  .-     '  |  • 

n!j^U»^h<U1l"'\N<,lUIl'i T!  -Ir'T     ')?  "   !  '    !"  ' 
<a    .   KM,,,.,!    MliU.   :    :-   I:.'    I:-  ,'     !     !' 

;u  able  editlaf,  and  eontribtMavl  the     IU  mm  oaw 

p«dia  Britmniii  :.  "     II.'  wa»  aim  the  author  of 
•ftajH  i.f   th«-  «  htir.-h   "I    Ki.j.4.t..l    ...-..• 

i*  • 

«M 

*  Balik,  Bobari. 

.UMMwatarmhira,  Xor.  7.  181* ;     A 
InT'antcrGun,  March  SI,  18M.    AfW  Iravinf 
d  ho  look  orJora.  and  waa  annraialvely  cumtr  at 


.:•..•'.'•  •-,  .  : 

mnan  of  the  Bodleian     «  hrr 


-I.  «n.l  it.  I86f  rabUb 


and  KnglUh 
drU   on    St 


• 

• 


•    Kirattk*  of  IMft.    Pi«aB  •  OTa*  «|MM 

I  *-*—-  !,_  t  i.ia.fci  *  --*- ~~  fc»—   ^^1— ^      II 

H     wwaw  aw  ofi^ajwi  ^aim  •••/  i^rw  navBaHk    • 
a    aiao  iiajHafitli  taaat  ai  M«a«^      U  :w 


•n  wiiion   fir 


•I.  politicUn,  born  In 

ff,  IftM.     |U  ••• 
*»*W<»t*  oMHia»ia.a»d 


«to  tbe  l-nn.n,  t.-v  .t 

»  w«*  ranknl  aniont;  r 
bot  aftarvanl  «: 

•  wan  drfcat^l  in  1889  a» 

•andhlu 


OBITUARIES,  FOREIGN. 


at  Cabul  Rawlinaon  turned  all  the  Afghans  out  of  the 
city  and  prepared  -for  the  siege  that  followed.  I  In* 
jfifrrnrft1""  of  the-  artillery  saved  the  city  from  U  ing 
by  avaault  when  the  Afghans  burned 

»'  ..-..t  V         I    I  I 


born 


with    the 

raeidaaf 

.  >n»ul  at 
Ba«dad,  where  he  remained  from  1 
he  returned  to  England,  waa  elected  to  Parlia.. 
1887,  advocated  the  transfer 

and  when  the  bill  waa  Mated  in  1868  waa  made  a 
sMmberofUM  ne«  1»"»«  Council  In  1869  he  waa 
Mat  to  Panda  aa  minister  plonipot 

o  sat  in  Parliament  and 
linstthv  Russian  advance 


a  year.  Aner  hie 
mUdthecryofwi 
to  Asia.  He  waa  made  a 


ning 


member  of  the  India 
After  the  Russians  annexed  Khiva 
he  published  •  England  and  Ku 
(1875).  His  earliest  archaeological  notes  are  found  in 
a  narrative  of  a  tnur  through  Susiana  and  Klimais  in 
18J7.  which  he  supplemented  with  a  description  of 
Kebatana  that  earned  for  him  the  gold  medal 


He  began  to  copy  the  cunci- 
in  183.').    On  hisap- 
he  Htudied  the  re- 


•    fe  BMferit 

excavated  by  Botu  at  Khprsabad,and  through 
his  familiarity  with  tho  old  Persian  characters  mi  the 
rock  tableta  at  Bchutun  he  was  able  to  dccinlur.  in 
IS44-'4&,  the  ancient  Persian  translations  in  which  the 
Aasyrian  legends  and  history  were  preserved.  In 
1644  he  pabUahed  his  first  work  on  the  cuneiform  in- 


In  1847  he  obtained  complete  copies  of  all 
the 'inscriptions,  the  moat  important  of  which  wen 
(bond  in  a  dixsy  location  on  a  precipitous  rock.  These 
copies  he  took  to  England  in  1S49.  He  read  during 
his  visit  the  famous  paper  on  the  cuneiform  inscrip- 


MO*  paper  on  the  cuneiform  insert  p- 
*  of  Assyria  and  Babylonia  containing  a  tr»n>la- 
i  of  the  inscription  of  the  black  obelisk.     11,  de 
i  an  inscription  brought  homo  by  Layard  con- 
a  chronicle  of  the  war  between  Hoxekiah  and 
In  1861  the  British  Museum  granted 
£*JOOO  for  excavations  in  Mesopotamia,  for  which  Sir 
lleory  Rawlinson  employed  Hormuxd  Rassam.     He 
i  knighted  on  his  return  from  Bagdad  in  1866,  and 
lea  baronet  in  1891. 

,  Haarj.an  English  historian,  born  in  Norwich 
in  18U:  died  in  Christ  Church,  Hampshire,  Oct.  21, 
as  educated  at  the  Academy  of  Geneva, 
From  18*7  to  1887  he  waa  Registrar  of 
th«  Privy  Council,  and  in  1866  be  became  editor  of  tho 
•  Edinburgh  Review."  In  18S6  he  published  a  trans- 
'atfcMi  of  IM  T  '"  '  "  "  ~ 


Tooqueville^a  -  Democracy  in  America, 


which  paaaad  through  many  editions,  and  in  1866  a 
translation  of  Da  TocquevilU*  •'France  before  the 
fcUrolotioo  of  1789."  lie  waa  also  the  author  of  a 
of  Guixot'.  -  Washington"  (1840).  His 
"  (Jraphidw;  or,  Characteriatica 
U»w(18t  );-BoyaTand  Republican  Prance" 
aod  «PWrarch/  in  the  aeries  of  -Foreign 

Italian  prelate,  bom  in  Paler- 
d  in  Rome,  May  29,  18'.' 
rained  wit  and  artistic  taste, 
qualities  Leo  XIII  made  him 


anpalaoa.    ! 

of  thTsIstine  Chapel  and  of 


•  oftbeV 


-— * Isii.  an  English  author,  born  in 
^Tflt«7dtadthe5March9,189.V  He 
ted  to  a  poat  in  the  Public  Record  Office, 
•*^w#l  hie  retirement  in  189S.  He 

M**4  Unpublished  Papers  relating  to 


(1870). 


Saint -Hilaiw.  Julci  Barthclemy  de.  a  Frcnoli  statesman. 
orn  in  1'ans.  Aug.  I1.'.  1  *"•"•;  died  t 
He   held  a  post   in    the    Ministry   •-!    !•;: 
Charles  X  was  king,  and  became  a  friend  • 
and  a  contributor  to  the  "  Globe"  and  oth. 
He  signed  tin-  protect  against  the  ordinances*  •  • 
gnac  with   which  tin-  n-\olution  of  ls.".n  •.. 
rated.     \\  h.-n    the   Orleans   Government    was 
lished  he  found  tliat  his  ideas  of  g..vi  rnn.i -i.- 
radically  tt.>m  th<»<-  ,,f  'I'liit-rs  an.; 
the  constitutional    monarchy.      He    protested 
ously  against  the  new  order  of  tiling-  in  ne\\ 

iajL   tlu-n    \\ithdn-w    from    po|':!i.->    aiM 
himself  to  translating  18        II. 

called  from  the  as- 

irc   in    the    I'oUtechnic    Sehool    t 

.  and  Latin  PhUoaOphj  in  the  Coll.-^r  d< 
and  in  the  following  vear  was  rewarded  witl. 
in   the   Academy  of  Moral   and   1'oliti 

u  made  him  his  first  ansistant  in 
1'iiblic  K.lu.-ation,  but  he  soon  retired  to  i: 
si-lf  for  e'urht  years  in  his  \\ 
writings  and  in  the  stu  rit  literatiu. 

>!uti<>n  of  1H48  waa  accomplished  hewn 
cd  to  the  Assembly,  and  for  a  short  time  was  l^^H 
ary  secretary  to  the  Provisional  G.. \en:! 
the  election  of  Louis  Napoleon  as  Prcsid. 
for  certain  repressive  laws,  but  lit    r.tus.d  to  recog- 
nize the  coup  d'etat  or  to  take  the  oath  of  a 
to  the  Emperor.    Nevertheless  he  was  requesti 
tain  hit*  professorship  in  the  College  de  Frai 
de.-lined  and  went  to  Kjjypt  with   L«->M-I 
latter  was  working  out  iiis   Sui-/.  <  'anal   pi 
\\  n>tc  a  series  of  letters  to  a  Paris  newspap.  r.     On  his 
return  he  produced  further  installn 
lation  of  Aristotle,  and  treatises  on  Buddhism,  the 
Vcdas,  tho  Koran,  and  Mohammed.     He  resumed  his 
intimacy  with  Thiers.  wlio  made  him  M 
cral  of  his  Cabinet  in   1^71.     This  JK.SI  he  li; 
1873.     In  1880  he  hU.-.-er.b-d  Frry.-in.-t  as  Miti. 
Foreign  Atl'airs  in  the  Cabinet  of, 
was  a  Conservative  Republican  and  an 
conciliation,  having  no  sympathy  with  the  aggressive 
radicalism  that  prevailed  in  the- Chamber.     Tho  re- 
mainder of  his  life  was  passed  auietly  in  lit." 
cupations  and  attending  to  his  duties*  in  the  Semite, 
of  which    he   was  a   life   member.     He   published  a 

"Lite  of  Com 

Bahv  George  Augriitui  Henry,  an  Knirlish  jour- 
born   in   London  in   ]K-JS;  di,.,l   in   IJriu'hton.  i 
1895.     His  father,  an  Italian,  married  a  popuh.- 
li-h  si nj,rer.  and  the  son  was  brought  up  \sith  • 
pectation  that  he  would   become  un  ar' 
Sala,  however,  early  became  a  contributor  to  M  House- 
hold Words,"  as  well  as  a  close  copvi.-t  of  the  •tTW   I 
of   Mr.   Dickens.     He  founded    tho  "Tern) 
Magazine,"  of  which  he  wait  the  t,  :.d  in 

the  earlier  portion  of  his  career  wrote  much  i 
riodicals.    In  1868  he  visited  the   (nitc 
correspondent  of  the  London  lt  Dai; 
in  18*14  visited  Algeria  in  the  same  < 
the  Franco- Prussian  War  Mr.  Sala  was  th.  wa 
respondent  to  the  "Daily  Telegra]>h,M  and  he  was 
dispatched  by  that  journal    to  varmu, 
world  on  other  important  occa> 

be  conducted  a  weekly  paper  entitled  '•  Sala's  Jour- 
nal," and  having  published  in  its  coluinr. 
attack  on  a  labor  organization  know  n  as  t 
tic  Servants'  Union"  was  subsequently  mol 
Hyde  Park.     He  made  large?   sums   in    joun 
but  was  recklessly  extravagant  and  fin. 
bankrupt    The  cJot>e  of  his  life 
failing    health    and    broken   fortui 
u  Daily  Telegraph  "  granted  him  a 
a  year.     A  month  b<  ton-  his  death  : 
man  Catholic.    He  was  brilliant  ar. 
work  was  all  ephemeral,  and  much  of  it  is  •If^^^^l 
forgotten.      His  many   writings   include  : 
Alliance"  (1856);  MA  Journey  due  Nor 
"Twice  Round  the  Clock"  (1869):  "U 
field's  Letters  to  her  Daughters"  (I860;;  u Dutch 


OBITUARIES,  FOREIGN.    f!T I  !!••••    fcHB 


(IT 


u>  Atone  **  ( 104/4) ;  **  My  I  Mary  In  ABJOF*    BMfel   eoBjaeiMi 
j»  a  Kou*d«»-;ut  K»ut.     ^  t 

rJlikena"  IliTO);  -A^ST1^    ^StSSSd  1*1 

fjnoam.  Jou,  »>>  BagUM  BO*I    ri   ••••     •    BOJ 

m  Richmond,  M««k  ML 

... 


imaV  the  eariie*  of 

•a.  founded  by  him  in  1*44, ^  .__     ..„„., 

*a«  Ihe  author  of  York. Mai  UOBJBO • 

llottM**   (1800,;  ||r  »M   MOlEi 

•ol«"(l»ii):  hu-HbtoryofBrk 
powncr**  DuuK-ht.  r  " 


•  '   - 

.    nl.lc 

Abel 


\  Noble  Wife  -  (1884): 

I'rakeV   SH 


l.i,-  »lia  81. 

ll.-   .!,!•  r.   i    t)..    «        .  .•       • 
the  medical  »chol.. 
^.  U-,»,,M  «  Mta  •••*- 


(•[.  •, 


.irttut,  born  in 

i    n. 

ottled  In  fjondftp.  and 

^itv   CrflMI   Hi 


..I. 

Mated 
HvBee<1 


•  ••»»    THMMVM          •  WW  »»FWW»^»    ••    ••*  W 

LOB-    (IflTfl);  -UctvM  eBd  l> 

a*  the     Tima*  of  film*  *  N«IW»|  I 

.A.»      *-  " i^»-i^-i-     _-.  *    ^i^    W^AJ1 

iiorBre 

ta?VE 


. 


Aca.lrmy  and  bo>*n  to  illu^raU 
I  went  to  I.>vi.  wi-.l,  s.r  Chariei  Kellowa 
•  iUuatrationa  for  hb  book,  made  a  avoreM 

th  hb  deaiirna  for  MacaulayV  -  I.«\  -."  an<l  Yean*  ( 

1v  injn   for    MilmanVi   edition   of  be  aiiea 

•«anr  of  An  than  brttteBt  or  Bhl»»ajB 

lectured  at  the  Royal  Inrtltution  OB  tBeenrt  nBiVtli  of  hki   •inj  BJ 

.rt,  and  wa.  made  director  of  the  NatkNMl  «re  huMiaffnB.  hm  end  !»••»  tUi 

•torumit  Gdlery.ceUblUhed  in  1857.   That  freet  col-  nnn»Bi 

•tfon  mm  made  bj  him,  and  when  he  Mired  m  tokef 

i*eai*k«riUEileamel  e«-Pre»idenl  of  the  8wba  lofleeem  he 

Mbdmtfomboro  in  Brm  in  l-.'.i;  .1-1  thrrr  Julv  .•.  .    - 

^•dneetod  aa  a  I*n4rpt.nt  nriniater.  the «  h 

•in  tothe  Bern  Battalion  la  1847 dmrinf  the  Bhaq 

HBBawB    atfmiiMt     lh*  HiMui*rt>umL   aiul  aflnrwerd  died  • 

•Morofarhurrhatdeberplto.    Hevlnff  won  a  hifh  Dee,?. 
a,  a  Radical  onUor  in  the  agitation  Minat 


carrUure  acctdrnt,  he 

a    French 
r.  ini 


NeiSltet  bu^rittSned  to  bU  old  port 


OBivwrfiy    ft"**  *5T,  i 
lBKlitellM    te**.^^1"?? 
hia  old  roM     Wonii»- <l««);  BB4 -U*> 


FOREIGN.    (SMITH— STIMBULOFF.) 


i  •  I  £ 

^J'Ar 

•nd  was  pot  to  work  in  the 
•weo.    Two  year*  later  1 


refbrn  ••  Tun 

ry,  1881 ;  died  near  Hug- 
he son  of  a  1 -rick maker 


^  ttd  btfcra  he  was 

•  -••'.*  •  ••'  ••-  -;- 

the  brickmakom.    Aa  the  direct  r 
an  act  of  Parliament  was  pasted  if 
Government  inspection  of  brie 

of  life 


1  • 
tn.    MM    •  :' 

alion  \\;th 
'  and  wrote 
ition  in  be- 


bcgan  he  enlisted  in  the  Russian  army.     When  r,  ,; 
gsrian  ind«;  :is  at   length  estuM^I 

'     o  in  Kiir-tchuk.  and  obt; 
c.    As  one  of  ti 
drew  up  the  den 
he  was  elected  to  represent  that  1 
in   the  Sobranje.     Prince   Alexander,  in 

I  ho   represented    the    M  i,t. 
nation,  aelected   1 

and  dissolved   tl 

it  pasaed  a  vote  a-am-i   :• 

Btambuloff  attached   h  : 

that   politician  on  account  of  liis  intrigues  \v 
Russians,  and  became  him.-clf  ti 

Mia, MM!  atated  in  the *•  Fortnightly  Review," in  1878,     ical  \\  Lend  party.     Hi-  in; 

IbaloflOOjOOO  men,  women,  and  children  employed     country  was  his  remark.. 

on  the  river*  and  cans  1  '       nation  to  a< 

used  his  Influence  to  effect  the  ..\erthi 
and   he  waa  chosen    president  of  the  - 
waa  elected  to  M. 

Ineed  into  Parliament  in  1877  and   became  a  law     TherevolutkmofPhUippopolis,  which  broi 

Jan.  1, 1878.    The  last  sixteen  years  of  his  life  were     the  union  of  Bulgaria  at 

mttt  in  the  endeavor  to  bring  gypsy  children  within 

the  scope  of  the  education  acts.    Mr.  Smith  -.• 

author  of  ••  The  Cry  of  the  Children  from  the  Hri.-k- 

varU  of  England.4  "  « >ur  <  'anal  Population/1  w  Canal 

Adventures  by  Moonlight,"  -  Gypv  1  "  Pve 

born  in  London  in  I**  ;  died  in  Hath!  So 
May4,iatt.  She  waa  the  daughter  of  Edward  II.  nd 
land,  a  London  physician,  and  at  twenty  n 

.        •.    K.  •/--.:.;•:  a    i  J./-icttJB   Of   Bftlfa,      She    he- 


w  MV  •  •»«•••»  ••*••••  «••«•  -  •  •  •  •*.  •    •        <••— '  r^m 

eoald  neither  read  nor  write,  and  90  p*> 
drunkard*.    After  aeveral  years  of  persistent  agita- 
tion the  cmnal-billa  act  was  by  his  influence  intn- 


gan  to  contribute  to  periodicals  before  her  marriage, 
and  throughout  her  life  was  active  in  promoting 
the  movement  for  a  wider  range  of  work  for  women. 
Her  flr*t  novel.  "  Bn»thcn»-in-law."  was  published  in 
IMt.  Later  ones  were:  "Her  Own  Fault'1  (1871); 

-  Parted  Lives  "  (1878) ; u  Jocelyn's  Mistake  "  <  1874) ; 
-Mark   Evlmer's  Revenge "  (1 876 1 ;   ••  p,,,th   in   the 
Wron« n  (1878);  -TiUDeath  do  us  Part"  (1881); 

•  Mr.  PJobody  "  (1884);  ••  Recollections  of  a  Countrv 
Doctor w  (1886);  "Kept  Secret"  (1888);   A" 
inc"  (18M):  and  -  No  Humdrum   Life  for   •»" 
(18ft).    She  waa  the  mother  of  8  children,  and  her 
4  sons  were  educated  at  Oxford  and  Cambridge  on 

from  their  mother's  books. 


Btefaa,  a  Bulgarian  statesman,  born  in 
Tirnova  in  1866;  died  in  Sofia,  July  18, 1895.  When 
aeveral  Bulgarian  youth  were  aelected  to  be  educated 
in  Russia  at  the  expense  of  the  Russian  Govern- 
ment he  was  one  of 
those  chosen,  and  was 
placed  at  the  age  of 
seventeen  in  the  theo- 
logical seminary  at 
Odessa,  where  he  im- 
bibed more  of  nihil- 
ism and  republican- 
ism than  of  theology. 
He  was  a  bright,  bin 
not  a  plodding  stu- 
dent, nor  waa  he 
amenable  to  disci- 
pline, and  at  length  he 
waa  expelled. 
KrivtAoff,  the  agent 
of  the  Slav  Society, 
^^  who  looked  after  the 

'^*r  Bulgarian     sti. 

took  him  into  hi*  law 
offlee  as  a  clerk,  but 
-  «d  the  refractory  youth,  who  left 
where  he  found  employment   for  a 

v. 

SS*^jf«Hi 

liSS5OTSte*J mlent  ho 

°r^fol*?lo3or*ln"BB«  <*  tltc 

whstt  the  Rus*o-TurkUh  War 


the  union  of  linl^'aria  aid  ICastern 

eoiii]ili«hed  ut  Stam)>ui 

friend   Stoyaiiot!'.      \\  1 

<lurte<l.  in 'August,  1886,  Stain biiloff,  a> 

the  Sobranje.  issued  aproclairation  tmi 

noiiMi-inkr  as  traitor*  the  meinber- 

.il  Government,  nnd  appointing  <  '«•!.  Mutkuroff, 
his  brother-in-law,  commander  in  ••hi,  ' 
jrarian  army.     Hi?.  parti>ans  throughout  tliecoojKn 

.  ;m<l  the  1"\ 

unny  acted  jn-oinptly  on  hi.- 
Hult   that    the  1'rovisional  Government 

•  lays,  and  he  appointe<l,  in  the  IV 
Cabinet  of  which  Kad- 

eome.l     the    I'rillCC    ut    Kllstehllk.    lull    II 
hi-    final    abdiea' 

by   a  threatening'   telegram   from   the   <'tai. 
\\hen  Alexander  departed  );«•  ••"minitte<l  th> 
of  the  throne  to  a  council  of 
buloft  was  the  head  un«l   K 
the  other  membern.      The  rir-t   recent 
trated   all   ]K>\ver  in   )iis  own   hands  by  dis< 
Kuraveloff,  who  was  replaced  bv  .livko;' 
friend  of  Stambulotl'.     The  r/ar.  wh«i  I 
not  to  interfere  excel .t    in  <-a>i-  of  anan-hy. 
think  it  possible  for  Bulgaria  toe\i-t  under  an  ;int 
Russian  rtgime,  and  it  •••• 
the  strength  of  the  hpirit  of  imb-pen.i, 
umazn  and  resourcefulness  ot 

who.  with  the  support  of  England  nn«l  tl 
of  Europe,  foiled  every  effort  of  the  RUI-- 
turn  him.     When  he  procured  tl. 
Kenlinand  by  the  Grod  Sobranje,  July  ; 
not  lay  down  his  powers,  but  as  Prinn 
posed  his  will  upon  the  new  Prince.   Stambu 
pressed  thcplotof  Major  I'anitx.a  ami  other  a" 
risings  with  cru<  '.  ;m<l  ma«le 

eiK  inics;  but  his  tyrannical  rule  was  not  reset. 
the  people,  who  were  not  overtaxed  and  w 
pered  under  the  conditions  of  quiet  and  «r 
forced  by  Stambuloff.    After  some  of  the  lea- 
tin-  Opposition  had  been  shot,  imprison 
into  exile,  the  rest  were  so  terrified  ti 
dates  appeared  to  contest  the  election  of  I-1." 

•  .-nlv  the  liritish 
trian   governments,   but   Ai- 
triple  alliance  were  won  over  l>y  Stambul-.-'- 

.  preserving  order.     In  ]*'.<]  ' 
narrowly  escaped  assassination,  th<    V 
nance  being  struck  down  in   n 

t  all  rivals  and  a> 
tnies  that  he  began  t 
lie  sacrificed  in  a  measure  his  reputati< 
ism  by  changing  the  Constitution  so  u- 
heir  to  the  throne  to  be  baptized  as  a  I 
lie.     On  seeing  his  position  w«  ak  "  •' 

Prince  turned  upon  him  and  he^an  to  rebel  afl|P 
the  dictation  of  his  auto,  r,.';-   Prune  Mini-N  r.   Ferdi 
nand  hoped  that  if  Stambuloff  would 
could  become  reconciled  to  the  Czar  an 


omrt  AIUE*  POiti 


•  •   •  -     ....  a.  »,ut 


ftt't.  •  bo  were  BOW  bold  MM 


nerve  enough. 
and  iBi**        b 


.U*  bad  friaod*.  too,  »anjr 
•  -to 


bint,  and  be  kne» 


whom  Mwuboloff 


in    H^»u*-b,  ID   ibe 

..,.  Ki...!.i,.l. 
.  fM,,ii    ? 


-•.  tninoro. 


lMdliia,n«D«bltolMdbook»UitlM  Utah    i:  - 


of  lu»  •«• 
•I  tlb« 


B*of  juMic^prnuitUHl  ui 

-t*w«rJu  Hat  to    StfrandoMra* 

••  Biiraian  dialect  that  made  a  »tir     otber  eonceft 


M  !---k«  in  th 


Lfcfy^ij^  waaUMmtwato-lVHCatJISeMa** 

laOam,  be  aaamlled  tbo  autocraUe  ayataoi  and  advo-  total?  to  W*.  wkkk  »*»  MbajTtoiaW  ! 

^••al  rifhta  for  all   Kuaeiana,    Konovlnf  to  -  Boewcria"     lib   atlMr   aaal  kaij^  ww»W   •«. 

*^glbh  VfMpiayt     lib  principal  aaka":  *Dta  SabfJat  flabjaV**-  *L<ea4a*  K«^» 

Turk*   within   and   wltboot";  Urie"!  "Jkaaa  JiMfcta^;  ^i*JI  Ilii   ••  » 

wdaa    intcrnariooalbm.1*    -  TU  pSS&nrf.  1  »«*  «4  to  M  i«  ia«.  Aay  I 

•lorical  Poland  18f&.     I U    • ».  UM  <*W  «*  «<  a  f»M»  JeM. 

."  beaidea  bb  atooo-  who  wa*  aianMil  b)  -  a    i     ai  ^  ea«av 

-Mate  on  tbe  ethnography,  bbtonr,  and  liu-raturv  of  at  tb»  gy«Maiatoai  af  btaaaaj^eary.wUe^U  ia   enl 

waiBW  i»,^— i-     \Vitti  \i     (V>tnnnvi<»t<  K«  MA||«H^«M|  mrtA  Kla  «M^aW^^^  aw  k^A^w    ^k^^vteti*  a^  ttb^h^^^ak 

??i iff!Tiriiaiii Ti Jii j  •!*'  ilfliiy (^Baii  il  •  ill 

till yni|k.anEnylSb^btorian,bominBar.  IM  waa»  |»  tk«  Caltwa^r  «T  fcrfto  aa  •  MfalW 

«77l80«;diedinLoodon,Keb.  Leopold  von  Baj^a  mTSf  t^aW.  •**  ••<••  k» 

^themofa^irgc^aodWeda.  aSJadkbaa^  aad  bw  6—  M.4  >>  Ma^  >aAo 

•ilaaxowand  Durham  Ulii reraUio. ;  worked  bad  toat  fc^aW  tbe  im^ttWoiM  >i  ai  «aa*. 


*:  <.lo»tfow  and 

.mlcl 


iMdjVl 

rran^  tbe  chapter  Word,  of  Durham  Talhc^ral :     Ika  aa^ear-laTw  «%toal  n  ••»  I      U  :  w» 
tred  tba  dU«ra7of  M.  A.  for  U,b  work ;  and  waa     »a»  gnSSSm  •  daamv  w«b  ftW  »W~ 
•he  bbbop,  tboaffb  be  had  pravionaly     b«a 

rrwhrtrrian    i 

IU  c«nttoa)ad  bb  litrranr   work,  however, 
•iloeaarv    of   Arvhaic    and    1* 


•n  - 


btettaten  n 


aW  volooMa  for  the  B» 

•Ijr.     Kn-n.   >t  •  •        >•..''.    A 


ana  taaani  a     » 
tie  Kricn  of 


. 
tv-thw,  on  bb     Diet  el  RrAw 

-      -          - 

Mtnr  tim*  va»      •••bJL ••a»»»»a»aB 


OBITUARIES,  FOREIGN.    (TiAPFB— THOMSON.) 


IK*  founded  the  first  historical 
_  aniwd  with  Kanke  UK 

..rian  Academy,  whoM 


ion  in  tho 


But  politi 


da*  Kaiewrrfch 


In*  Uie  nebula  polley  of  theem 

;.   •  •,,  -  -  i:  :...  care 
•  ttafee  hist.  Sehriftcn  "  (8  volu 

' 


kale 


ahrn  In  1M1  and  return  to  Bonn  a*  Dahlmann 

•vamea  member  of  the  Prussian  HotaM 
at  the  time  of  the  oooattattkmaj 

10  Government  and  the  ParliaBMDt 

on  the  queMion  of  the  reorganUation  of  the  Prussian 

.     ••  ,     ii     ...    ,1.     lined  !••   make  ;,|.|,ro- 

priaUoos.    Sybel joined  il..<  «nt, •  lii»marvkian  party; 

t^bftunately  fir  Ma  future,  he  was  obliged,  on  ac- 

;..     ...    ..     :..  .„..-      ....    ».    II    ,-.   in  1884 

Meanwhile  he  publish-  <>  und 

_,  is,;-..  .  ^harply  critici.H- 

'B  empire  during  th. 
SJM  r  IM  ilao  MbUahad 
volumes,  Munich,  186*- 
Voftriga tt.Aufa.toe"  (Berlin,  1874  :  »  Kl.-ri- 
_:  Polilik  im  19.  Jshrhundcrt"  (Bonn,  1874).  But 
the  work  that  established  his  world-wide  fame  is  the 
«Ge*ohichte  der  Revolutionist  von  1789-1800,"  in 
ft  volume*,  which  he  had  begun  during  the  storm  and 
•trass  period  of  1848  (186fr-$0 .  In  tin*  work  ho  has 
ahown  that  the  great  revolution  was  one  single  process 
of  disintegration  in  the  destruction  of  Capet 
Prance  and  the  degenerate  holy  Roman  Empire  and 
the  partition  of  Poland.  The  entire  work  was  based 
upon  the  hidden  sources  collected  in  the  archives  of 
the  principal  capitals  of  Europe,  In  the  spring  of 
1047  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Diet  of  the  North  German  Confederation,  and  joined 
the  Moderate  National-Liberal  partv.  After  his  res- 
Ifnatinn  he  founded  in  Bonn  the  "  Deutscher  Vercin 
der  Khoinprovinz,**  the  principal  instrument  against 
the  Ultramontane  party.  In  1874  he  was  elected  a 
ve  for  Magdeburg,  and  in  1876  and  1879 
The  year  1875  marks  the  most  im- 


it  epoch  in  hi*  life,  when  he  was  called  b> 
William  I  to  be  director  of  the  Prussian  state 


01  i  niMuan  auminittrauoD  in  uie  t 
In  this  capacitv,  and  as  a  member 
amj  of  tSetonoea,  he  began  the 
archive  document,  in  1878,  and 


archive*  and  the  Berlin  secret  archives  as  well  as  of 
the  -  Acta  Borumica,"  the  chief  source  of  the  history 
of  Prosjuan  adminiftiration  in  the  eighteenth  century. 
'  of  the  Berlin  Acad- 
publication  of  the 
«2  volumes  of  the 
moat  unique  and  valuable  historical  matter  have  ap- 
peared. At  the  same  time  he  began  by  order  of  the 
Max  Duncker,  an  edition  of 
ence  of  Frederick  the  Great 
of  the  Central  Commission  of 
the  "Monumcflta  Germanise  Imtorica."  In  1881 
Prinos  Biamarck  authorised  8y  bel  to  use  the  Prus- 
siao  archive,  in  preparing  the  newest  history  o: 
aia  and  Germany.  As  the  fruit  of  these  researches 
arose  ftybeT*  mooumenul  work,  M  Begrundung  dea 
deoteehen  lUiehaa  durch  Wilhelm  I."  the  first  vol- 
h  appeared  in  1889,  and  Vols.  VI  and 
uprising  the  history  of  the  North  German 
and  the  origin  of  the  war  of  1870,  at 
19H.  It  is  unsurpassed  in  the  art  of 


seaderay,  together  with  Max 

•••  .;•    ..  j.  •     . 

He  was  also  a  member  of  the 


diplomatic  negotiations,  and  is  thoroughly 
ami  yet  it  shows  rare  moderation  and  jus- 


Wbile  writing 

-  the  causes  of  the  Franco-Prun- 
.-ed  with  paralysis  of  the  lungs, 
fee  died  the  nm  day.    Rvbel  was  the  mostS 
i  of  that  1>rimant  epoch  of 

ini;  in  the  forties  of 
aharacter  under  the 
national  revolutions  in 
conrtbotod  toward  the  estab- 


patriotic  \\"rk  of  • 
ini:  tin-  en 

Taaffe.  ttiat  Eduard.  an  Austrian  state.sman.  1 
Vienn., 

1895.      In    his  childhood    he   wiw    the   . -:iij«ai 
the  Art'hdukt'   Krunz  .ln«.»  f,   who 
He  entered  the  pul  .and  ro^e  >. 

.rir  in    1S1 

halter  «>f  I  pl-er    \u-tria   in    1>«'.T.     In  tin-  sun 
he  cnU-red   the  Austrian   ministry  undei 

was    formed.  I'. 

jM.rtfoli.n.f  National  I>«-feii«.e.  and  when  I 
sperg  retired  he  to,.k  ]>ro\i.si(.imll\  the  j  • 
the  Council.     \Sh.n   the   llohenwurt   n. 
in,  Taaffe  was  ap]>oint 
and  after  tilliiiLr   that  oilier   : 
<-alled  into  the  Strema\  r  Cal 
Interior  in  Fel.rti;.  I  in  the  foi 

ust  he  formed  a  new  Cahind.  in  which,  in  &od1^H.fl 
to  thepresidoncy,  betook  the  jM.rtfolim.1 
The  Taatfe  regime  was  ehara.  tei 
pearance  of  the  constitutional  tlie«iries  \\\\-. 
of  federalism.     He  was  criminally  an  udher- nt  -!  the 
Constitutional    L'pni|i.   Lut   was  gradual  1; 
from  the  (ierman    LH-erals.     lie   had   tinallv   • 
ujH.n    the    MijijM.rt    of    the    Cl.-ri.-al     K- 
Czechs,  and  the  r  '\iiiL'  out   1 

conciliation.    The  rise  of  the  young  < '/.« ••  -hs  an 

dematid-.  which    imperiled  the  < 
led   him  to  seek  a  new  alliance  with   ' 
Liberals;  but  they  rejected  hi-  overtures,  und  vott  1 
with   the   Fcudali.st.H   und   tin 
for  the  extension  of  the  franchise,  upon  tin;  re 
of  which  he  reined.  N-.v.  23, 


•••thanked  him  ^ for  hb  long 


Tauchniti,  Huron  Christian  Bernhard.  a  (icrmaoiMH 
li>her,  horn    in   Schleinit/.  near   Nauml..,' 
died  in  Leipzig,  A  UK.   14,  18'.«.'..     li 
the  establishment  «>f  his  unde.  the  j>uhli-' 
editions  of  the  classics.  an«l  in  1837  set  up  a  ] 
establishment  of  liis   own,  jTintcd   Ux.J 
publiaherB,  unil  did  the  |»uhhc  j-rintintr  for  tli« 
Government     H<-   \H-X\\\\   in    1^41    the   collect 
British  authors,  which  finally  embraced  8.1 
and  subsequently  issued  books  for  • 
classics,  collections  of  German  authors,  e<l 
Greek  and  Roman  classics,  handbooks  of  logar 
legal  and  theological   works,  editions  of  tin 
and   dictionaries    and    manuals   of 
1848  Bernhurd  Tuiichnit/  \wfM\  to  enter 
ments  with  English  author*,  win  r 
an  honorarium  und   obtained  the  exdu-'.-. 
tion  to  print  their  books  on  the  Continent,  but  agreed 
not  to  import  his  editions  into  Kmrlund  «r  I 
nies,  nor  to  hinder  the  sale  of  »r 
tions  on  the  Continent    After  tbe  first 
copyright  treaty  was  made  between 
Prussian  and  8a 

tions  were  protected  by  law.    He  was  tnn<-l 
f  Coburg  in  1^77.  and  was  a  men 
the  Dppar  Chamber  of  the  Su\on  l>i«-t. 

Thomson.  Joseph,  u  Sc<.tti>li   tra\eler.  burn   ir. 
pont,  Dumfriesshire,  Feb.  a.  inr.s;  die.l  in  York  (iste, 

Aug.    2,    18'.'  .--.     at     Kdir 

under  Sir   Archibald   (;<-iki 

Keith   Johnson's  African   expedition.     <>uinu'  '••  th<- 

death  of  its  leader.  Mr.  "I"  ti- 

the expedition,  and  the  results  oft! 

in  his  book   "To  the  Central    African    Lak. 

back  "  (1881).    He  was  at  01 

an  explorerj*.  an-1 

expedition  to  Masatland.     In  1885  he  \\  . 
in  oehalf  of  the  Royal  Niger  Company,  and  hiseflflHJ 
secured  the  Central  Soudan  to  (it 
he  explored  the  r<-irion  of  tlie  Atla1*  mour/ 
Morocco,  and  in  IHIM  tfie  region  between  Lakes  Nyasss   , 
snd  Bangweolo.  from  w)ii<h  he  returned  with  *&•£ 
tered  health.    He  was  a  man  ot 
daring  as  well  as  a  most  cntertainin.'  writer 
his  journeys  was  able  to  avoid  all  seriou«  coni 
the  natives.    He  was  the  author  of  -  Through  Masai 


oiirrrAitiKs,  FOHH-.N      hi  *.,  ,  ,      .  , 


na-o^i 

n*  II     - 


TaanjatA  Mary  -t,  bom  in  Thorn-  .... 

^^Bpt.  ai-  -km.  Feb.  i.  em_  «, 

E*M      ni,^  l^iinal  ki-ulirfuM  nitttor  ilk*  ii^iMMti«M  M  laAa       It* 

11    ' 

il,  and  went  with  hint  to  atiidy  In  are! 

bilifltf  •eYrfml  WOfka   IB   the    HIM    '  ll 

ooatfiMOOOa  work  i»  the  "Olri  akip-  -  W 


; 

"•.':.:,v  ;/•;• 

wa*thejroMMar    Itantinj 


.-  r.lu.  al.-ol  ut   «  'I f 

- 


:r«  w 


:.    In  Inf. 

.**'ha|*l,  Ma>r..r.aa4  1 

M  baoamii  «iear  of  M  I'ancraa.  Lood«o.  ban 

i.,-lu.l»iu'.-..n,;r.  k-uti..i..  •  '  :.'..    ••    IJT  I     ' 

•  ••r     lli<  waa  made  c«non  reaidentianr  l»ul 


,.         dWahopoV 

ranJatrtl  t..  th,    aea  of 


,  more  than  800  clergy,    lie  fixed  bb 

Kuril haii i   I'aMl- 

la,  be  did  a  great  dral  |o  rvatore  and 

rold  wa«  a  fn^iui-iit  victor  to  the        fb 
vaaatinJeaawortcr.ana!     i     bora 

•  .    .-     .    •-:    '..-.- 

•  poattton.    In  hb  earibr  oareer  be  w  a* 

•tn i. an.   an.l    hi.    evanifrlical    habit  of     the 

jl 


Srs&xSag 

^rJi*- 


"i 

• 


Yoke  with   bb   wort  a*  a 

•3);and  large  i 

or.  born  in  ISIS; 
a  began  early  to 

m  \ipon  her  own  dior  of  Mate  te  ISM, 

saaaao.  Mini-tor  of 
VbA 


QMBt 
^iMor.aiiathepoiiticmlaiid     elate, 

l!  :  •     • 

-b, 

.     .     •        • 


irk.  ..fa  l.it.-iurv   I ..!'.   "     ISM 

Maria,  a    Swi«'  author.    l-.n>    in    Vaud    in 

at  the  and  of  July. 


danehtvr  of  • 

.in  fi 


l.lr».~  ..•.  i  h.  r  .    •'   .     '      :.      '    " 

hook  wa* 
rkttt  Bkkaid  8t  Joea.   an  En, 

ll«   WM  fraduatr«l   at  Osfoi 


•    • 


hrbtUn  An 

SaMM«a»«f»e 

bed  NOT^-    ef  Una»1«. aa>i  |J>*iii  •af_^tl>i »*< 
IturmlThe-     I  liBiail     H«  KsnTttVeW  favi  ia> 


OBITUARIES,  FOREIGN. 


•  •-     kfl  .  -..-  aV  tod  to  1  i 
ial  and  to  the  Federal  • 
voHuuthe  one  that  made  the  moat  st 
^^  a^u  SttDeniitioB*1*  a  fierce  potomie.  against 
WoooT itUfkma  authority  as  a  * 

»ti|rations  into  Animal 
,-.:.,,     •    ..  aad 
of  modern  civilisation.     Another 
_fc  was  -  Man  ai» 
a^d  the  History  of  the  Earth 
*  work  on  the  -  MammUerC  and  a  widely  read 

TTioaiat  FraacU,  sn  Kngluh  scholar,  horn 

•  •.i.il.ri.lK- 
Ma*»k  at  list 

......      •  .,  •     •  •;.  :  «rlth  nil 

..       •      .uthority  on  Chi- 
tofiica,  and  his  service*  in  the  nemtiat 
es'wer*  of  great  aasiaunce  to  the  furtherance 
Kaflfch  trad.  i<-  became  i. 

•       ,  •  •      :    llriti»li  trade 
1*71.  and  retired  on  a  pension  in  1488.     I 

•.•:••..      ;    ,    ...;,,  .,    ..-   ,   :im 


Jofea  BJTM  Leiowter.  Baron  dc  Tablcy,  an 
t,  born    at    Tahley    House,   Kn 

SA.  1885;  died  Nov.  jsa,  IMO.     II- 
at  Eton  and  •  ••ceded 

hfe  father  as  the  thin  i  Kanm  -I-  TaM.-v  in  1-7.     II.- 

-•  .  ..••  .  •  i  -./.->.  poato,  bol 
vas  sensitive  and  diffident.  Hb  wriOngs  were  by  no 
mean*  ao  widely  known  aa  they  deaervod  to  be,  but 
the  drde  of  readen  to  whom  hb  name  was  familiar 
him  a*  a  genuine  poet  Perhaps  hb  1 

b  reached    in   the   serious  dramas 
-  Philoctetes,"  but  all   hi*  work  re- 
claasical  sympathies,  a  delicate,  refined 
u»t*  and  freat  wealth  of  imagery.    HIM  flrwt  book, 
the  pseudonym  .Mm    I'.  Lancaa- 
(18«S).    Hb  subsequent  works 
>:  -  Eelofoes  and  Monodramas  "  (  18W  );  -  S  t  u  1 
ies  in  Veiw  **  (  186&)  ;  -  Philoctetea  "  (  1866)  ;  **  ()n»- 
s    Loose:  A  Novel  "  (1868); 

-Ropes  of  Sand:  A  Novel"  (1870);  «  Rehearsals:  A 
BoofcofVer* 

n««  (187-"  i 


**  (187O;  -Study  of  Book  Plates"  (1880); 
-oems:  Dramatic  and  Lyrical11  <2d  series,  1895). 

Wmaavsm.  Wlfflaai  Orawford.  an  Kn^lish  naturalist, 
born  la  Scarborough,  N  .  •;  ;  died  in 

baa*,  Jane  S8,  18t6.  Hb  flmt  scientific  monograph 
was  jmbliabed  when  be  waa  but  eighteen.  He  prac- 
tised medicine  for  many  years  at  Manchester,  l.ut 

•  •  ,'..-    ...-.;..-  •.  .-.,.,•  .  „ 

••Jaitllii  parsuita.  Between  1845  and  1847ho  pub- 
lielMd  a  notable  scries  of  papers  on  the  develor>,m  nt 
ef  labcV  teeth  and  aoales.  Tib  moat  impoitantinvee- 
ticatioos  b)  bier  rears  related  to  the  stru 
ail  pteau.  hb  -(/nrsniation  of  the  Fossil  Plants  of 
tb.  rosJ  Measures"  taking  high  rank  as  an  authority. 
lie  bscasM  PMbasor  of  Natural  Ilbtory  snd  Goology 
M  Oellcf*  ill  1851,  and  held  the  chair  of  Hot- 


MitlMMsjMaliat. 

. . *'•*•  f**tai  a  Frroch  dressmaker,  born  in  Bourne, 
^Mhm,.  Kna-land,  in  IMS;  died  in  Paris,  March 
«*x  HbteW,aaolieitor,whohadbeooineim. 

••       i   i:.,    .,  -i. 


•f  *U,iftoe»  to  a  dnr  foods'llnn. 

i  wea»  to  Park  at  the  age  of  t « ,.,,^  .  un.l 
be  was  employed  by  a  silk  house, 
..  added  the  branch  of  mak in* 


When  hi*  time 
for 


of  making  up 
refused  a  partnemhip.   »„• 
in  the  Ru. 
a  Swede,  for  his 
SO  persons,  hut 
'  *s  cnstom.  and 
when 

eventually  the 

"Jail  .Uw  European  capitals  and 
•orked  t»  him  EWiployed  1.200. 
universally 


aiul  ja<  KI  I  <>t°  (If 

Zorilla,  Manuel  Rail,  a  >i>ani>h  i-lit; 
.-•I  in  r.tuv">.  Juno 
iced  law  ii, 

•  •I'  tx\rllt\  -ttt«i  \va.H  I'livUtl   to   tin-  (      :    .  ^.      \  ,  • 

•      • 
.  \ilr,    hiivit. 

i»\«Tturni-.l  in    1^' 
Uic  Parliament  tl 

Aosta  in  1^7".     \\  li«-n 

he  math1   X«>rilla  hi-   1'iin..    Min;- 

•ii  him  thiM.r.i.  r  "Itl,. 

uauallyreaei  .  .>it\.    Xorilla  <-an 

tude  nii'l  a<lmirati<>ii  of  the  Spanbh  pen] 
inu'  tlu-ir  liU-rtir.H  and  intro-hx-in::  swee] 
n-li.nn.-  ;  Li/  |.m.  nt  ->\  i 

ru|iU-<l  \\lu-n  Amailco.  U\\<T  a  troubled  r- 
years,  abdicated  a  n<  1  \\-nt  t<>  l'-Ttu-_Ml.  a«-«-<.n 

.  \\  h<».  h«.\\. 

to  Spain  an<l  cmlirac-e<l  rc|>ul>li<-aii. 
took   a  <-..n-|.i,-ii"iis  purl   in  allair>  <lurii 
in,  aii'l  lu-caini-  a  tln'rou^h^oiiiL'  ''  ; 
a  lca<l«-r  »t'  tin-  a<i 

.rl.'-n-  wrer  in  1^7."-  in  ' 

Alt'"ii~  .\as   M-tit    i: 

Ho  took  up  hi.-  rr.-'xlrh.'i-  ill  1 
livi-.l  in  Kn^laml  aixl  S\\  it/.i-rlaixl.  atxl  xomt-ti 
the  Miuth   ol 

f!L-ily   with    lii.-   j.:trti.-aii.>  in   Spain.      ll< 
Spain  only  a  It-w  nx.nth.-  l.i-t«-r«-  he  «li«.i. 
on  account  Of  failing  health,  any  further 
in    iv.liti.-.s.      While    Ca.-telar   and 
\  ioleiice  up  accepted   the   ni'Hiarel,;. 
a  revolutionary  republican  al 
against  the  monar 


OHIO,  a  Central  Western  Siatr. 
the    Union    in    IMCI  ;  jM.pulation,   arrnn; 
last  census  (1890),  3,660,71!).  it   I-  in-  foui 
rank  of  the  States  ;  area,  according  to  the  I 
States  Geol«>uri«al  Survey,  41,060  suuan- 
of  which  40,760  is  land  surface  and  300  water 
surface.    Capital.  ('<»luinl>u-. 

Oovornment.  —  The  State  ofl'n  •  rs  during  180 
were:  Governor,  William  .McKinlev 
an:   Lieutenant    (Jovcnmr.   Andr«-\v    1-.    II 
Secretary  of  State,  Samuel  L.  Tayli.r  ;  A 
Ebenezer  W.  Poe;  Tiva-mvr.  William  T. 

i   of  Public  W 

Cluirlf.s    K.  (iroce.  Edwin    I  A! 
>i««ner  <>f    rmninnii    > 
Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court.  I-'  ran! 
man  until    February  9,  Tha<ld<-u^   A.    M 
Marshall    .1.   Williams.  Jm-.,l,    I'.    Hurki-tt, 
Ham  T.  Spear,  Joseph    I'.  I'.radl.ui 
Shauck    from    l'YI>.   9;    Cl.-rk  of   ti 
Court,  .losiah    II.   Ali- 

nderirk  I',.  McXeal. 

Finances.—  The  r<  th.    fiscal  j 

1805,  including  balance  from  1804,  v. 
888.04,  which  were  u-"i  l.y  the  f.,ll..w. 
ttartments  and   institutions:    l'"ard   of 
Works     $KI.-,.:: 

Home,   from    fnitcd    States   ^!'.M^!.ll  : 
and  K-.od  Coiiuni  —  ionr-r.  from  fin. 
Commissioner    of    I; 
from  railroad  companies,  $15.855.8:  '• 
of  Mines,  from  fines.  $5;  total  recei) 
Hal  purpx>ses.  x  for  «ll 

purposes,  including  lialanco,  §4,0 
disbursements  f  '      .    l-V  I1 

$3.7».V  .  dance  in  trwisurv  Nov.  10,  18W, 


ions*,  wa*  ai,  ,i'i, 
elude*  $300.000  .  f  a  i 
4adMM|*)u 

.Irrvnl,   Mhlih    »AA    All- 

neral  Aneelhhr. 

r. 

• ••  • 


...  i*8ft  VM  i  iwjw    . 

number  of 
tverage 

n.  .•  «.i*  :•:•.:.  ui.Y     i ...  m    . 

erected  wa*  979,  at  a  <t«t  of  f  |.. 

ing  the  year  the  amount  received 

rpoeae  from  taxation  wa*  f  11,429,- 

ible  school  fund  an<: 

•d   b  i 


mptedlyn. 
the  veer,  and  in 
h  instance!  the  troupe  were  called  out  to  rap- 

1 1 1<  •  i  • .     In  Seneca  County  9  men  *  ere 
re  the  troope  arrived.    In    I 

sheriff  «hm  the mob^HaSed  t!,  |aJL  Th. 
o,*  fired,  and  several  persooe  were  kill.,i. 
both  cases  the  prisoners  were  protected  and 
Irnchers  driven  off.  The  colonel  in  charge 

«l  and   triid   f.-r   ih«> 
^^B^was  '»  ^e  ground  that  he 

kbta-The  report  of  tho  chief  mine  in- 
August  each  year,  relate*  t*»  th.- 
•eding.    lib  report  made  in 

i.  of  coal  as  11,910.219 
IT  in  consequence  of  labor  dis- 
•  v      "  utit.   2,555.46<. 

machinery,  thin  u.«-th.«l  being  oon- 
dO*coal-|  counuet  of 

State  >--ii-  .in 


wM  81.488,  d  vbo« 


ployed  in 
«i64« 


sal  year  there  were  1.168  mines  in 
1,096  WIT  -ation. 

i..rr    than    .lunn-    1VU.     of   th., 

tore  thi%n  10  turn,  and  686 

«  numlwred  257.  of  which 

r  each 

,  life  l,~t.    Th-  iron-ore  prodac- 


•  rty.— A  decision  oy  UMBVVMW 
it  .Iune,conclu*ivelyoVter. 
at  land  occupied  and  need  by  th 
I  purpose*  becomes  the  property  of  the 

itutini  pro- 

tipany 

:  with  its  tracks  and  depot*  the 


tanl  defct t  in  the  law  a»l 


*nm*m  A    LI          111 

tone  MM.    All  IK  BHUIftaf*  •«•*  fe)M  at  lev 

.:;:,    .f  r!.    fVfSJfft    -1      ;'  '  -         , 

the  report  ilsrJf.and  wlihoM  laa>    i^ n  Jtu*jj 

li.M-kink- 

!    /  '    •    i 


S^l  mt  ta^  lawasjal I  ^ale^etl  *M1 


in  I8K 


0 t 


OHIO. 


Political.  — The  Republican  State  C 
i, ,n  "" lu-ld   .n  Zanesville  May  88  and  89. 
There  was  a  sharp  contest  over  the  n-  n 
for  Governor.  8  candidates  being  vot 
the  sixth  ballot  Am  a  Bushml 
a  waaUhv  manufacturer  of  agru-ultural  Iraple- 
was  nominated.     The  ifniAnnBOt  of  the 
....at ion  Uy    in   the  fnrt  that   Mr.  Hushnell 
ww  the  avowed  choice  of  the  f : 
Fnraker.and  was  opposed  l»y  the  friends  of  <><>v. 
lov.    The  contest  between  the  two  fac- 
tion* also  affected  the  the  ..ther offices. 
The  numlM***"*  following  that  for  Governor 
were  made  on  the  second  day.  and  were  as  fol- 
low:    For    Lieutenant   <;..v,-ni-.r.   aJahal    W. 
Jones:    \u«lit»r     \     I".  <-uiil>-Ti;  Judge  of  the 
i    i«  \    Minshall;  Clerk  of 
Court,  Josiah  B.  Allen  ;  Attorney- 
•.lonett  :    Treasurer.  Samuel 
Member  of  the  Board  of  Public 
form  included 


sflunoM 

General    Frank  S. 


. 

&  Campbell;  Member  of  the  Boa 
Works,  K.  L.  Lybarger.  The  platf 
these  declarations: 

We  reaffirm  our  adherence  to  the  principle*  of  the 
a*  defined  by  the  national  c«nv,n 


fait 

the 

ass  of  both  fold  aitd  ailver  as  standard  mom  -y.  .  it  h.-r 
In  accordance  with  a  ratio  to  be  fixed  by  an  interna- 
tional agreement  or  under  such  restrictions  and  pro- 
visions a*  will  secure  the  maintenance  of  tin  parity 
of  valve*  of  the  two  metals. 
u. 


nee  the  present  Democratic  Admir. 

rictou*  and  vacillating  course  has  brought 
va distress  at  home  and  humiliation  abroad.  It  has 
Inanfliritnil  a  policy  looking  toward  ultimate  free 
trade,  which  has  deranged  business,  crippled  our  in- 
dustries, ilistiussiiil  oar  homes,  and  dealt  labor  a  HO 


rious  blow.     With  deplorable  inoompetency  it  ho* 
(ailed  to  raise  revenue  enough  to  run  the  Govcrn- 
and  has  had  to  borrow  in  less  than  two  years 
mainly  to 


pay  ordinary  running;  ex- 

panses. selling  in  secret  to  fsvor  foreign  syndicates 
the  bonds  of  the  Government  at  prices  far  below  their 


value.  We  denounce  the  present  udm  mint  ra- 
tion of  the  Pennion  Bureau  for  it*  betrayal  of  the  in- 
terests of  the  Union  soldiers. 

We  indorse  the  able,  honest,  and  business-like  ad- 
niobtrstiooof  Gov  \\illion,  M 

The  election  of  s  Republican  Legislature  in  this 
Stale  next  November  will  .-i...  •  •  send  to  the 

UsJssd  States  Senate  a  Republican  colleague  t<>  that 
fraud  old  statesman  John  Sherman,  who  has  no  long 
'  ably  sustained  the  honor  of  Ohio  ss  her  repre- 


in  that  august  body. 

The   Prohibition   Convention    was    held    in 
SpringfiVld.  June  12,  and  the  following  ti<  k«  t 
was  nominated:  For  Govern.  T.  Sth   III 
Uentcnant  Governor.  J.  W.  Sharp: 
GejswraU  W.  C.  Bates:   Audit. 

:   .!  idgt  of    the  sn- 

pfWst  CVmrt,  John  T.  Moon  .  ci.-rk  of  th>-  Su- 
HemberofUM  i:..:ir.l 

of  IV  .JamwBenjan.il..    Aohoioefot 

Cniud  8tai«  Senator  was  expreawd  for  R.  S. 
The  platform  advocated 
C  the  liquor  traffic ;  woman  suffrage ; 
**op«i«s.  such  an  telegraph  end  rail- 
owned  by   the    (tovcrnrm-nt ;   no 


•gHl  on  land ;  aroendsaent  of  the  Constitution 
auow  national  revenues  to  be  raised  by  equitsble 

:   .    •,...,„. 
' - ,  unta  whkh  Ufne'Wpon  duties  should 


be  levied  upon  luxuries  rail. 

any  appropriations  of  publlo  in«in« 

rum  purposes,  an- 1  tav.iriliu'  the  juiLlii-    ?-. 
li.'H  of  toe  I'n-.Hiili-nt  ami  ctln-r  utli-  iw  |>rao- 

ti.-al'K-   l-\    tin-  jMipuhir   \"t.  ;    j.r.-|»>Mi.'iial    in 
representation  in  Mate  an<l  nation.    T!. 

i  a  j-lank  «'ti  tin-  IIIM|II-\  i|in->.ti..!i  \shi 
voted  down  an. I  a  substitute  adopted,  doclarii 
tin-  riK'iicy  «»f  tin-  oiuntry  hli«ml<l  !•<•  -•!'  a  t'u, 
t»-n«liT.  i>->i«l  .liri-.-lly  t<>  tin-  ju-oi..  ,  M  ,'u- 

,ifh  .juantitics  n- 
to  all  at  unit»! 

:it  flii>ul<l  t^taMifli   n  al   nn: 
it  does  post  offices,  wherever  tli«-  <-onv»-n 
people    «lciuan<l>.      t'ntil  MK-li   llnaii. 
be  entahliohed  we  fav«r  tin-  lr. .   Un<l  tin, 
sge  of  silver  and  gold  at  tin  : 

i 


The  People's  party  held  their  convent  i- 
Columbus.  AIILT.  '-.'.  .'itid  nominated  the  f«d]. 
ticket  :  .-nior.  .lac.il.  S.  (  < 

tenant    (iovcrnor.  John    11.  Cr..ft<>n:  Trcasnr 
George  W.    Harjier:   Auditor,  Charles    I 
Attorney -(ietieral.  William  Haker  (Tluuim- 
substituted    on    I'  ihdrawali;    Sn; 

Judge,  E.  D.  Stark:   Member  of  the    Hoard   of 
Works,  William  A.  (Jjoyd  :   Clerk  of  the 
Supreme   Court,    Thomas   N.    IlicK: 
choice  of  the  party  for  United  States  S- 
was  also  expressed,  the  nominee  being  << 
A    <  iroot.    The  platform  affirmed 

The  principle*  of  the  <  Mmiha  platform  ;  ' 

Mintere.-t-boiid  and  good-roud   bilU;   i. 
the  coinage  out  of  paper  of  as  many  dollar- 
as  will   be   sullicicnt    to  conduct   the    business  ol'  the 
country  on   a   <-asli    b;i.-is,   and   demanded    th. 
money  be  a  full   le^al   tender;  1'avor,,|   the  1'i. 
unliiiiited  coinage  of  gold  and  .silver  int..  d". 
unit>   at   tin-  preM-nt  l«vr»l   rates  without   an\ 
whatever  a*  to  what  other  nations  n ... 
the   nationalization   of    >dl   public   mon 
n»un<-ed  :LS  treason  to  the  American  people  th' 
of  interest-hearing  bonds  at  any  time,  cither  in  ^;ir 
or  peace;  denounced  as  treason  to  tlie  < 

of  the    United    States  the   Mlbvei>i..n   of  the    rig 

trial   by  jury  as  practiced  bv  tli«'  e..urt-  in  tl 

of  K.    V.  Debs;    favored   a  law  tliat  will    ma'> 

lawful    any   bond,  note,  inort . 

lion  that  in  ma<ie  ]>ayable  in  ^old  only,  and  dec  hired 

that  all    debts,    public    and    1  '1    be    iiia'li- 

payable   in   any  lawful    money  of  the    I 

at 'the  option  of  the  del.tor;  favored  the   iin:: 

abolishment  of  the  national  bank:' 

tained   that    < 

vice  act   demanded   by  the  (Jrand    Arn 

jiublie.  and  r,, Duress  should   pp.xi.b-  f.-r  the  i 

to    the    I'nion    M>ldier»  of  the  war   ol 

Mich  Hum  ox  will  make  their  pay  equal  to  < 

•  then'on.     It  a!-  .ire.-t  legislation  H 

t)ie  initiative  and  referendum   in  natioi, 
IfK-ol  ifovi-niiiieiit.  the   imiK-rative    ma; 
j»ortionate  representation;  the  eh 
in  the  Stat<-  and  natimi  by  d 
eiirbt  houn**  work  and  the  union  label : 
of  the  liquor  traffic  without  profit 

The  Democrat  •,  vent  ion  was  held  in 

Springfield.  AMI:.  -1.  when  the  following  nomi- 
nations were   made:  For   (Joven 
<am|. bell;   Lieutenant  (J..v.-rnor.  John    1',. 
koditor,  .lame.  A.  Knott  :  Tn 
I'..  Shober:  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
William  T.   Mooney  :  Attorney-(ienrral.  ' 
A.  Fairbanks;   Member  of  the  IV.anl  of  Public 
Works  J,  W.  Cruikshank   (Harry  Ii.  Kef! 
st  it  uted  on  Cruikshank's  withdrawal).  The  nomi- 
nation for  Governor  was  made  by  acclarnat . 


onio. 


-     ' 


atf 

' 


1  i     ' .    •   :     ' 

41 


t!lla^CO\l>'    «/  i. 

m  !-..  •  !...,.    j»,  „.,,  ra,    Xr.  ft . 

i  UtUSuu-T^'u,  us...  i:  ...-...•"         .       ,      ',''.,'"/  "N4      '       V 


i£g5r 

i        1,1  i  ••fHanr  ol   IW   f^r»^ ••!>•! 

'-?1"1'  1L«H.  i  IUrr:ltaMf«MM«Hil 

•JSKSS  ^^•'"^•^ 


Ution  Wn>  Ulialiiii: 

it  U-iti);  r 
1 1  ii-a-l> : 


boakl     g»r«  $ll7.H».    T*tn  «rt^ 

irr»t  appn-h.-n-...!)  in  th,-  n,..,. 1.    - 1  ...:      ,f    ,,„., .    ,  ,. ...     r.    »      .  .  ...       , 

ftTlSr    '.r'    '•   '   'r  V'.",!'..:  ','-''-'•'     -       f'     "'      Vi' 

oetrioe  tuua  ami  »)iall  be  mptctoJ  AIM! 

Ihe  WW  of° lK»  --*—•.••••  *-E 
a  partial    Imttin  amo 

al 
.-I  Walla,-,- :   TrvaMin-r.         T?  .    tatabl*  |«tj»ftt.  a«  ffMlM  M  n«L 

P     •     "     - 
.  I, ,,).).> 


'  ran.ll-  rmo,!  oo  Jan.  M^V  HilW  «a^^^^^^ 

n.. r  l:«vintf  •  pin-  T!  ,  .  v»  H«^iMhnMk«Mk  i 

tt>  and  •  major  1  of  iff  k  J««*  N 

•H.  pitn.r  •/ Mr4iWfrf.    TV 


y*»vk    l\    af^J   tM«4^*  IM 

*»^     f^i^W^^    f  »W 

^r  a<4  «^Md  ty  U>  O^» 


17.460.  ami   tl 

-r  micnwful  cam.,«— .  ... 

•»»,-  plum 

^^ 
.     Waltrr     I1  — r- 

TOL.  XXXT. 10   A 


OKLAHOMA. 


For  government  of  land 


r  i  —  u 


idolentli  cnntructod. 
:.,.-!  ...../••  M 
Providing  Ibr  renewal  of  regfatered  deed,  dett 


yed 


of  railway,  and   th.ir 
*ffGrt*idf«  Canadian  T 

•^1  aoldien*  home  at  Fort  SuppU. 


all  incorporated  ciliea. 
•t.-'k  rainer*. 

Per  proiertion  of  n»h  and  game,  permitting  the 
UUmg  of  game  betwe*  '••'  '"'' 

bidding  tfae  shipment  of  game,  or  it-  kill 

_..-•:  (rei   bomei  Ibr  Mrip 
i ;  and  one  a*  to  time  for  ttr*t  pa>n 


Kelatin*  to  settler*  driven  Ir  -:n  Wi<  hiu  reserva- 

tan  Atfent. 

an  HiMorical  Society  at  the  ur.iv,  i-iu. 
Krqutrinjr  regbtry  of  birth*  <>f  animals. 


beofe 

Repealing  the  UMiry  law,  and 
Mcoottactintereat. 


'.ig  Congreai  to  admit  <ikluli»tna  to  statehood 

Mexico  and  Arizona. 
Amending  the  alien  law. 
Becarding  perpetual  plan  in  stocks  of  buildinjr 

Providing  for  a  board  of  conimiwionera  for  the 


of  UtgUlativc  uniformity  in  luwa  in  the 
rtetoftl. 

114  preference  to  <  -  and  sailore  in  the 

employment  of  penon*  in  pir 

Joint  memorial  to  Congrew  for  approprial 
$SOjOOO  for  purchase  of  ceeds  for  the  ( IheroVec  ,-t  nj.. 

The   In  wine. — The  care  of  the  insane  was 
provided  for  by  the  third  Assembly,  enabling 
the  Governor  t..  rontract  with  the  iiicor|>< 
Oklahoma  Sanitarium  Company  owning  Hiirh- 
N'ornmn,  f<>r  their  cure  f«.r  thn-c 
ymra.and  for  removal  from  Jacksonville,  111..  <>f 
patimU  there.    The  sanitarium  opened  on  .Ium> 
1  noetved  vember  77 

had  been  received  and  10  diacharged  as  cured. 
The  oo0t  for  the  maintenance  of  each  j 
nndrr  contract  is  $800. 

R4nrational. -Th  rman, 

had  an  enrollment  of  186  students  and  an  average 

I        university  rec<  i 

mill  for  il«  support  and  an  endowment  from  the 
ni<-nt.and  its  tuition  is  free. 
It  DM  received  additions  t<»  its  ,,tiii|,m.-nt  .lur- 
ing the  v«w.     The 

foaaded  by  the  Press  A«aociation,  ha«  a  r<- 
the  building  aud  owns  complete  files  of  rxi ; 

The  Normal  School,  at  Edntond,  provided  a 
liUerary. tmsinea*,  and  «oadrmi<  training  for  101 
MpiU  during  the  year  without  fee*  of  any  kind. 

i  l>y  tlu'T-mill  ' 
>emt  irotu  rvwrved  school  lands,  and 


A  colored  normal  school  in    » -i,^   pr«»- 
'*r  at  Rdmond.    Th«>  Hoard  of  1; 
M  tte  epntmrt  in  August  f<  ,r  i : 
II*  sooth  «ing. 

5»  AgrifuJtunil  and  Mechanical  College,  at 
•eoipiM  for  tb*  fir  Its  new 

The  year  opened  with   104    pupils. 


lir-l  lime  nil  the  regular  ml 
.  pn-entnl  atid  a  smaller  pn-p.-. 

for  the  winter  term  u  :.      No  : 

<-r  incidental  fees  are  ivijuiivd.  tl 

met  I'V  aii  rndi-wmeiii  fr..in  ill.  I 

States  and  «iir  third  ..f  th.   pr   n  .  .1-  lr,.m  « 

kee  Outlet  Section  i::. 

'I'lie    pllM  i 

till  alt'  luring  t  h< 

total   apportionment   was   $5) 
from  BchooMaiiil  lea-. 

-  erect  ini;  a  new  H-JKM.I  In. 

t,.  BOH  $rj.<xto. 

school    Ltnds.      In    I>e«-,.ml.«-r   only     1 
f  notes  for  IS!).")  were  deliiKjii.  lit.  a; 

ineiit  was  receiving  i\\>-  < 
fr-.m    leases.     To    .lu,  O.MI  had   !>• 

At    the    iM-^iniiin^    of    tin 
quarter  sections  were  lea-  .n-»m. 

West  of  Range  II  I  T<  utn  syndicate  leased  ::o(i. 
000  acres  of  552  section^.  "  Ti 

leases  amount  to  > 
buildings;  for  colleges,  $1! 

Hail  ways.— The  total 

rty  as  assessed   for  1S»5  was  $: 
Oklahoma  had  -t  line-   in   operation  at  .tin 
of    the  year — the   Ate|n>on,   T"p--ka   and   >-i!itH 
.I'tbr  rhiraLT".  .Hid   ami    I':i«-itie. 

which  run  through  the  Trrrilcn  fr-'in  i: 
south:  the  Choctaw,  Oklahoma  and  (lui1 
way,  which  runs  from    1. 
Arkan-a-:    and    the    Ki"ua.   Topeka  ami 
F.',  which   runs  throiiirh  the   north'.1- 
of  the  Territory— making  an  ai^n. 
for  the  year  of  468  miles.    Tl..  94 

homa  and  (inlf  ( 'oinpany  has  luiilt  and  •-., 
its  road  as  far  ; i  'ui.ction. 

Banks.— Tbere  are  ."iT  banks  in  t1 

tfl  fn.m  2-1  ban!-.  .  •  eapiB| 

stock  of  $546,000,  with  $87,000  as  surp! 
undivi.lc'd    profits:    d.-p.-it>.    s 
and   discounts,  $826.0ou:    ^.urities,   $1!' 
cash  and  -ii:ht  .•\.-hanp-.  *n;:,.- 

Indians. — Only  1  In<i 

the  i\i<'kaj tribe.  \va-  opened  to  settlen. 

May.     One  hundred  thousand  a«-r« •-  of  tl 

apoo   land  were  selected   as   indemnity   M  hool 

land  for  loss  of  school  land  in  the  Osage  r< 

tion.  leaving  a  small  tni<  t 

homestead  ontry.    Nearly  half  of  th. 

is  leased  and  new  leases  are  I  ..in-  m 

In  the  Osage  treaty  tie 

omitted,  and  t  lie  tribe  claims  that  the  $7^^H 
tru-t  fund  wa<  intended  |,,j  th.-ir  own  rivilv 
tion  an<l  not  for  tril  ral. 

MininiC.— Although    C«mi:n--    h 
the  soil  of  Oklahoma  not    mini-rally  productive, 
rich  -;  -  re   f-Miixl 

Wichita  mountains  in  1Kjr>.  and  al- 

in  April  and  October.     nth<-r  iu<l 
of  valuable  dep-.>it^   have  aU« 

ami    petroleinn    w.'i-e  fnuml   si- 
ant  hracite  east  of    Payne  County. 
IN-rkins.  jjyp-uin  in  many  direct ioi 

.Hid  brick  idealities. 

Agricnlture.— Th.  r  thf  y 

was  e-  to  brinir  *11.")."" 

•eaeon  •J.:{1«  )-al.->  had  b--n  ma?k'-t. 

Climate.     Tl  •    rainfall    for 

was  5-07  inr-bi-j.  1-fKI  daily,  above  the   i 
greatest  monthly  rainfall, 8'80  inch. 


\KINR, 
l*a*t.  2  10  at    I  rrealeat 

•agree*  fur  that 
oM  M;I,  \i:i  NK.    The*  a- 


. 


OVTAEJQ. 


Tbr 


-  .  •    . 


*een   freah,  genuine,  un- 

liuialvay* 

^•at><>  u  •  }„.  UM  of  a  felenite 

•tiuninir  whnhrr 
•M  »•  •  ,h,,t,l,l   i  ,•   trad 


- 

-    •  -  -...      • 

MS  wMaaal*  freJm  a*4  tilt  arid 
timlmc     In   l*>4  ibrtr  -rrr  g  fcitail^rtS 

W'»f«4eu«£!!£rtiJ^^ 


Ufart,  ^.IJliril^ 

'*•*—•-•     * ^   rniiiia ruaiii 


,^ 


:t.:i:-.«.4t.i 

'• 


uirai ;  all 

irinr.  „!,-...   ol,.,.r,,,u.-,r.:  .     .      .    I    .- 

>i  ;  all  lar<i 

\traots:  an<l  all  nn\tutr«  and 
•f  tali  ,,p|.  bni 

fat,  and  oual  fat  made  in 

when  90  iiiatlr. 
-•Id  it-  Li.1 

J  <rnl!»  a 
toard  on  the  ar; 
Manufai  ' 
popular!.  |600 

aaale dealer*,  |480 ;  ami  n-iail  deal- 

r§  are  reiiutrrd  to  fire     "JSJ 
booka,  and    make     B*.u 

Ofd  an  u  »old, 

erials    UMxi    in    !!,.•    nianufnrtun-. 

may  be  re* 
the  manufa- 

f  (he  tax. 

omargarine  is  re<)uintl  t«>  pay  an 
in  ad- 


-   '••      • 
imotfcrtiOftbM*!  y<~  i.lf 

4 ' "  " 


Tbe  ' 

rtveipU  frmn  i 
Ihe  U»  « 

I.  I' 


X»:  in  l««.  f!  *•.:••  MJ  30.  to  !->«  |l  ' 
90;  in  It*     > 

IINTIKHI  *tW  U ^ 


.         .n»ri,l      TWtvva*«* 
(i 

'.W  tat 
•  f  which  ae  ka* 


c  teet,  and  te 

»  * 

b?  inanufarw 
leas  than  1" 


r«rt  4i.^rmJ      ' 

^«>x«i^i.  n 

,         \»        I 

MinMrr  of  Rd««lk«;  H^  1- 

v  -  u    i   ..-.,     V  -    ,   ,.     '  i 


in      * 

«>d    *eJe  or 


.- 


\KIO. 


tun-  1 

-' 
i  .     i 


parvd  with  $:: 
in  18U2.  and  $4.  1801, 

.(i.  all. .11. 


rullun  •••!*.  t'harilii*.  and  c.  i 

uh  hail  all  ccwt  mon- 1  han  «n  the  pn- 
rear:  but  $110.000  lea»  bad  been  e\ 
public  buildings.    He  referred  t<>  the  txpendl- 
tare  within  §Tf«  f  $I.:«6.W»7  for  new 

MTlam*.  and  t-  the  <  Is'.M  there  were 

:  ..-\ium-.    PabUo 

.nd   Minilar  kinds  had  cost 
luring  the  year  $7.V> 

inc  *ith  .-mVial  salaries,  he  made  an  int.  : 
c*.m|win~.n  with  thow  paid   in  New  V.-rk   Si  ale. 
•hat  the  latter  were  more  than 
double  the  amount  of  the  rem  11 :  ud  by 

H  ..f  the  receipts  for  th. 
.:  nil  m  subsidy  and  special 
$I.I96>7:.':    th.-    intere-t    .-n    capital    he!.: 

i'   minion   to  (MM  : 

080;  from  woods  and  forests,  $980,407;  li.,uor 
license*,  $877,880;  law  stamps,  $84,097; 

-i'^O:  drainage  d. 
000.    The  prinei|ial  head- 
as  foil  u'ovenimeiit.  x. 

•ion  of  jn- 
i.  $684,559;    pulilii 
>>:  '•'•  68l     -_••      .  '  .-•  .  *lsl. '>«',!  ;   h-.-j.itaN  and 

•n    roads,  $116,- 

879;    public    buildin  s,    etc.,    $71. "»ls: 

charges  on  Crown  lands.  $111. 
wars,  $14  7  *U4 1.062. 

•  iirt   then  dealt  with  the 

liabilities  of  the  province.  Heductin^  liabilities 
presently  payable,  and  excluding  m.-:i.-\  i.»r- 
rowed  upon 'annuities  and  payable  in  future 
yearly  installments  and  payments  pledged  to 
radwavs.  which  together  amount  to  several  mil- 
lions, he  claimed  a  surplus  of  assets  amounting 
to  $5:269340.  The  estimated  revenue  f. 
was  $8.149,372;  the  estimated  expenditure,  $3,- 
4O1JW5, 

Ix^rlHl.tio,,.      ;       flrst  session  of  the  eighth 

I^fwalure  was  opened   in   T  k  21, 

1895,   bv    1  ..   George   A.    Kirkpatrick. 

Mowing  are  th.  .p-.rtant    para- 

grapbsin  bb speech  from  th.-  thr-: 

been  taken   in   imp: 
'-  and  ptilil 
'.•.       \  jiri<Mi> 

The 


of  farming, 
h        • 
^rrwnillurml  a««Satk 


«. -rk 
inral  eollefr 


tod  with 
oved  the 


t.  .i  in  thiM 
with  \«ur 
•  luirv  tan  1 1 

ha* 


Since  the  lout  ne*»ion   the  main 

admitted   l.ef.-re  tile  end  «'t   i 
Tile  total    expenditure.*    .if    ' 

w.-ll   withn 

\    in   e\ees 

four  was  elected   S| 

after  a  s<-s-i.-n  of  conoid,. rable   intei 

iemblv  was  prorogued.    The  prim 'ipal  m- 
passed  were  as  follow : 

•  .  -..     •       i..l   n-  el,     n-i      an  i    -:.  um  ,;ul 

Bespeoting  the   a^r- 

.  Trunk  K';, 

T..  h  ,n  Me.  Man.  Palp  and 

<'o||l]    . 

<•  town  of  <'jirl.-t«.n   P. 

•lie  «-it\   oj'  rhatham. 

:i.'..rporatin^   th. 
I.jimbton  Southern  llaihsay  <  '..mi 

the  \l\\i\\  eoui-ts  all<l  eoi 

tie  further  pp.te.-tion  <-f  ehil 
•..-•iid  the  municij.al  liu'lit  an 

TO  amend    the   eellietery    e.-mj-an\  ' 

Bespeeting  the  eleetfon  la 

M-s,  sales,  and  m 
astatan 

moitiruired  and 

To  make  better  ;  '  iiit.-j* 

•MS. 

diminishinff  appeals  and  <-tl 

the  JiriM-edlire  "f  the   eo|irt>. 

i-eetinir  municipal  arbitniti. 

•n.-.-lidjite  and  amend  the  a^rieu:- 
acto. 

the  prevention  of  fraud  in  !i 

:u  lid  the    art    to    j.ro\  ide    for  the  :, 

i\   and  pra.-ti.-e  <-f  the  law. 
TO  make  further 

for  the    benefit   of  ered:' 

ake  t'urther  pro\i>ion  f,,r  the  pir 
K..r  the  re]  M   and    but- 

• 

To  amend  tin-  <  mtar'm  j.ri"iie  pn-: 
To  amend  the  in-uran 


Be»p<-.-tiiiLf  the  medieul  taritf. 

Political.—  Alt  honu'h  the  provincial  «•!• 

.•n   Sir  <  »;. 

ment  a  majority,  the  elements  w»  ; 
ini\.-(l  tha' 

that  majority  might  IH-  until  tin-  Hoi, 
The  Patrons  or  farmer's  party  muni.- 
1  I.  the  (  -.-lanl 

•ive    As-oeiation    Ol  I'mJiMants 

3,  against  51   straight    Lii.-  IM!-.      It    wa 
found  that  more   <-(    thr    |'atr..n-  vo| 

ult    Ix-int:   a   i: 
from 
One  <>f  the  MM  fpie-tion-.  to  . 

rnmeiit    ll..u-e   and 
nance.  ,    |.-n^  ili-eusxion.  ii. 


Oliver  Mowat    plainly  -howed   hi-  i 
to  take  any  radical  steps,  it  was  def  idr  : 
nonparty  vote,  that  "a  select   committee 
I..-  appointed  to  rounder  all  f|iie-ii 
lating  to  Government     House  and    it-   • 
maintenance    by  the    prf»vince."      T: 
could  not  affect   the  p.,-itioii«.f  the 


unkr  it  BMWH 

tin    '.      i.  .-  . 

•  •  *r. 


•    . 


. 
' 


5  ZS 

r  -.  .  .  •    ii    •       •  •  . 
moral  tiuu 

....... 

•  • 

•»1       Ctff^fe 


••ll-.ll   Mllil 

HI    (hi* 


•r».  ami  the  muliun  »  «.«.  |<*t  by 

fldoo  B  I.1..-.I  m,.| 

'••mi    lull.       It 

.rt  of 

»  »*  not  greater  than  $i.i» 
i«l  mi(U|- 

»|*|H-nl  limy  be 
\|.|«-al.      In    .•--  *  tlmt'arr 

n  tin-  *|- 
;.ti..nal  t..  •  -i!li.  r  !»., 

\|.|--«1.      If 

OCMO  tin-  formrr  In-  ha-  n»  i>)iliun 
itirr.     Ti 


,,r,    |.  .-- 

• 


Rj  if.. ., .  - 


VW|     ..;,*, 
at  fI.Q91.7tl.    Tbrfr  «rf»  I  Oil  /i— 
ti  ill    imi.  aft   Iftrr^w 

IH^itrr  than  to  UH.  ajvl  lk» 
1.10UIS  to  CBML    TW 


*/    t^fT     « 

ralitv  o|  Una  |m»m^»  tt  t 


Th.-  n-Milt  ol 
HII  a  I'ulk 

•  •  official*. 

made  in  apnointimr  the  of- 
•c' ch<4cc  to  U«i 

>nued  a»  to  all  • 
m    rt*i#m  of  a*«lm  etorfca  ana 

S.Uri« 
;al  offlcrffV 
;ii i- 1  OtlMT 

•  •>!••  maii /•<•!  to  that  unU 


ami*  vHIOft  IW  a^rtert  «T 

..  tW  IglKMii  « 


.  -Th 


.f  th. 


in  in 


•»a» 

..-f  ui.|tt*lnr  an*l 
In    1«»4 

t,,l    • 

r 
f  ll.|4».:tt»  «.r>v  m 

ItiW,    The  arm,  prod- 


•    s 


• 


iltlO. 


OREGON. 


aestioo  has  re- 
ported  *rc. 


mat* 

v         .,-,-,       •- 

•and  in  the  111 


being  demll  with  by  the  provinces. 
Min  statement  issued  by  th<-  I 

•if  M  mo*  gives  the  figures  of  th<  mining  industry 

.•111*,  like    e\er>thil... 

<»  been  depressed.    It  -).  imi-.-r 

of  patents  israea  as  ;  .imrisun  with  »',:; 

In  iSs;  the  leases  66,  again -t   : 
from  lease*,  seles,  and  rentals  as  f  17. 

$96. 1''*-  -us  years.    The  t..ta. 

of  thr   mineral   pntdin-t    during  tin-   year 

.  tp  da  ••  «,wti  SM.MXS.T.-.S, 

hall    III    !"!•:{.      The    |»eople   ell- 

gaf«d  in  the  industry  numbered  6,075,  and  the 
wajp*  paid  were  $1340,289.    Compared    «i:h 
tho  previous  Tear,  the  people  employed  were  re- 
.ud  the  wages  paid  by  $100.000. 
•id u -.tries  made  good 
prodni  tlOD    "f    th«-    f-.rm.-r   l..-in^ 
equal  to  2.-*.:  \  "f  th.-   hit  I.  • 

of  metal,  compared  with  <  ^  i.t::i  tons, 

respective!;,  in  1808.    The  pro  f  gold 

was  $32.96"  t  he  same  as  in  1898. 

M  itistira  of  Crime.— There  was  an  increase 
of  831  committals  over  1893,  half  of  which  arose 
from  petty  larceny, trespass,  and  burglary.  The 
average  cost  perjprisoner  was  a  little  less  than 
14  cents  a  day.  The  inspector,  in  his  annual  re- 
port, dwell*  upon  the  decrease  in  the  nutn 
professional  tramps,  and  the  success  of  Mrin 
discipline  and  eompulsory  work  in  jails  in  deal- 
ing »  ass. 

Loan  Compmnleii.— The  report  for  1894  shows 
in  lending  money 
They  had  a  sub"- 
scribed  capital  of  $94.07.711.  with  Mal.il: 

WO.582,921:  d-po>its  from  tho 
public  of  $18352,607;  debentures  payabl.  in 
Canada,  $9,789,799,  and  payable  elsewhere,  $51,. 
01 4.51  •  loans  on  real  estate  aggregated 

IllVOOO.OOO. 

E4  if  at  Ion.— Tho  nchool  system  is  under  tin: 
control  of  the  Mini-1  u-ation,  and  the 

schools  are  undenominational,  although  the 
.:  k  '  .  ':  i  tit  all  Hired  --parai..  s--h....N 
under  the  terms  of  confederat  -at  ion 

between  the  ages  of  seven  and  thirt< 
pulsory  for  not  less  -than  one  hundred  days  in 
the  year,  bat  the  law  is  not  very  rigorously  en- 
forced.   The  figures  of  the  Education  Depart- 
ment for  the  year  1894  are  as  follow : 


i   SC-.'JI   in   lS!)-,\     Tho 
iln-  vessels  enpiu"!  in  : 

or  lak.-  tra-: 

.i-fil  with  '.'  -ii-  in  tl, 

ni:n,o\. 

th«-    I'm.. i, 

miles.     Th.-  |xi|inhitii'ii  was  I- 

was  862.7», 

J.on-rn  mi-lit.—  Tho  foil 
oiTH-.-r-  .luring  tin-   yi 

llarri-oii  M 

I'hiliji  M.-ts.-liaii :  AU.TI 
('.  M.  l.llcman:  Adjutant  (i.-n.-nil.  K 
ell.  \\  !  1  aid  wa-  BUCcn-di-d  ii. 

I'..  Tuttlr;    Sui'Critltflldrlll    "f    I'u! 
•.{ruction,   ' 

II.  U.  Compson,  I.  A. 
.in.  .lames  I».  1-Mdy:   Pilot   <'oinmi>- 

I'..  I  .  I'ackanl.  .lohn 
.h^licc  «,f  tlir  Sujip-nif  Court. 
Frank  A.  M 
W.il  vert  on — all  Kcjnihlicans. 

Malr    (  rnsiis  — Tin-    census    tak.-n    ii 
gives  tin-  followin.Lr  n-ult-  for  tin-  count  • 


. 

89 companies  doing  business 
on  mortgages  of  real  estate. 


Bcataa.... 

Cbkksnss. 

(..  -a  -«.[..... 

C.-Iiunhia. 
C008    ..... 

Crook  ..... 
Curry  ..... 


QflHsm. 

Grant 

H.irn.-v 


Kl.tnath 


Linn 

Malhcur.   . . 

Marion 

Morrow 

Muitnom.il,. 
Polk  .. 


MM 

•080.115 


Ml 


Tilbmook.. 
CmatHla.... 

••va..., 

Wtsblnirton 
Yamhlll... 


Itt 
054 


11.T1-.I 


4.-.C, 

SOT 


2,640 

T,(JW 
MM 


1,816 
MM 

I4M 


2.1M 
1MB 
M01 
MM 


Total  for  the  Bute 802,702 


1,805 


09 


881 

,.!„> 
1,VJ7 


1,100 
#5 


COM 


TotJ. 


mortgages  in 
>rfWcd  during  the  past  five  yean 

TB  We       11-fiHT  in  i.iimlu.r    valn<wl 


**  » 


in*l  farmers  in  1 894, 
"   $7.773321,  a.- 

irm  la>K>r- 
bnartljand  f 247  (wit h- 


Jojnl).  aifaiiMt  $160  and  $8.Vi.  respe* 
to  18M;   domeMic  serrants,  $6J53   a   month, 


Kl.  v.  n  .-..in, ti.-s  show  a  decrease  since  189W 
of  these,  10  are  Q  Oregon — east  "f  th« 

Casca<li-    inoiintains.    Co- 
western  Oregon  that   ha-  not  iwrea-. 
loss  of  884.    The  great. -t   in<  r.  a- 
nornah   County,  am-. until 
mas  Conn' 
crease,  ha-. 

population  of  Portland  : 
.  lo.-M-.l. 

Other    Bt  l.y    the    f 

Whole   number  --ult ivat.-.l.   1.840.911; 

bushels  of  whear.    I2.f><4.412:   "f   " 
of  oats,  6,6 1">"1^  "f  barh-v  and  rye,  1,42 


•(   I'luma,  peam,  aixl 


. 


returns   from 


i*M*«»a  abo»l  $||.    TWtw. 


It  wmlih  of  t 
i  U 
i«l.  t~- 

i. 


.*<.74a^K4;        The 
^B«7  a 

HDdiM  and   implement*,  $8,894.732:   rolling  loo  aartim  part  ol  lb» 

f  ntilroada.  $688,174 :  total  valur  ,.f  all  jnn.-ii..n   •**  MMfbl  i 

•  730.  B.. 

WfftMiaiiioiiiit.  an  isiualiz.Nl.  j.  $151,067,177;  rrn.-r.  th-  S-,  rr(*r.     f  •»•*;,    »r 

{•on  — from  pfncrwltoc.  o»  ll 

n  f<>r  1896  is  4*8  null-  for  the  br  at  tbr  capital     A  pffVMMM!  t*)«»»rt»*  va» 

granted,  an  apf ««1  » 

K4urati..n.  >rt>  f.-r  the  §chool  tear  end-  rourt 

and  68^98  female  j  drrbkn  matfe   thr   li 

»r>  and  on  anpad  acaia  u»  tW 


II. 


irinul  SI-IKMI).  at   Dm 
A  cUuM»  in  Jim.  .  ...»«]•! 

iul.  ami    35   normaJ 


iltnntl  PAlbk«M   •! 


- 

nnd 

uj-.n  the  ia»n*a 
n  watt  lean 

IH. 

•v  thr   lA-jfi»mtur. 

Tb 
"valr*     of 


Kalli^4a,-l 


V       \a^^ 

M»  man-    U««Sf«MiittK?<lMaV  ' 
on  Ibe       Tb»  ««a«i 


of  tW 


•  •: 


OREGON, 


ion 
•m.. 


transportation   of    $n\n   and   its  prod 

tons  over  1894. 

<  n«*  to  earnings  in  1894  was  84  per  cenu, 
while  in  1895  it  was  75|  1  he  gross 

earning*  were  $&8I9.406. 

The  expense  of    maintaining    the    Northern 
Pacific  in  Oregon  wa 

vJ^tagton^Wuml..  i  showed  a  per- 
crntage  of  expenses  to  earning*  of  only  89  per 
«nt.  The  business  of  the  c<  > 

>.^.^.»i^«    of    cmiiti  Mini   livn  «f/u>lr 


ing  expenses  ft  i 
OoaHtbe  roads  there  is  *  decided  falling  off 

raffle, 

Industrial  Ex  position.—  The  Oregon  Indus- 
tniil  i  Portland,  ' 

\  •,.  )'  »sj  .i  Hoe  •  \inoit  "f  the 
products  and  resources  of  th.-  Stnt<>,  and  was 
thronged  I"  \  guarantee  fund  was 

•abarrihed.au  it  was  n«»t  ,  \p.  .-:..[  that  tl 
pric*  of  admission  wouil  >i.-:d  income  enough 
to  defmv  expenses;  but  the  secret  at 
•how*    that    this    fund    was    not    drawn    upon. 
Single  admission  tickets  were  sold  a 

n  were  admitted  for  5  and  10 
The  receipts  were  $20.460.33.    The  estimated 
toUl  attendance  was  97,355.    The  balance  re- 
maining was  $2.226.66. 

Public  Land*.  -The  total  sales  of  lands 
through  the  office  of  th.  clerk  ..f  the  Oregon 
State  Board  of  School  Lain!  Commissioners  dur- 
ing 1886  a.  »23-96  acres,  and  the 

amount  paid  was  $92.956.93. 

The  Suet*  Indian  reservation  was  open 
settlement  July  25.    It  has  an  average  width 
approximately  of   12   miles.  and   runs  up  and 
down  the  coast  about  24  miles. 

Assessment  of  Deposits.—  A  law  passed  m 
ISTt).  providing  for  the  assessment  of  bank  de- 
posits, which  nas  been  largely  inoperative  be- 
cause banks  have  refused  to  obey  its  provisions. 
was  brought  up  in  a  case  of  indictment  of  a 
bank  officer  for  refusing  to  furni-h  an  assessor 
with  a  lUt  of  depositors.  The  law  was  declared 
for  the  reasons,  among  others. 
th*t  it  "attempts  to  require  of  a  particular  class 
of  eitisen*  the  performance  of  a  special  duty  not 
required  of  any  other  citizen  —  i.  ••..  that  o'f  as- 
sfstiag  the  asnssor  of  tin-  oonntytodiso 
esftaln  class  of  personal  property  nf  the  tax- 
.  -  •  •  nabh  the  asnssor  to 
asstss  the  same,**  and  that  it  >  m  dir.-.-t  .,,nfli.  t 
with  the  act  of  Congress  establishing  the  na- 
tlosjal  linking  sr»t  . 

L*^l«latlTp  Session.—  The  eighteenth  M»n- 
nial  session  of  the  Legislature  began  Jan.  14, 
and  ended  Feb.  «.    On  joint  ballot  the  1  ; 
ttsMs  had  72  votes,  tho  Populists  10,  and  th- 
•       ~  •    .  I'-. 

B  Senate,  at,        !',.  M.ores  Speaker  of 


t     *.7n<^> 
Jt*.  ItX  Mr. 

•  f* 
afUrward  r* 

a 


Senator  was  to  be  el. 

I:"i  ^  »'•'•» 

,  the  pn-rnt  S 

c   ininnritv 

be  bound  »,r  the  action  o'f 
f 

»  W-  n-  »»^  Dominated 

by  the  PbpiUut*,  and  A.  S.  Bennrtt   by  the 


Mr.    I>olph    did    not     reeei\. 
f  votes  necessary  \<>  In-  «•!.,  n 

...M-k  ni-ii.'.l,  which'lastetl  alm.-i  nl!  t|u» 
close  of  the  atsxion.  ^ .   M«-lin.. 

then  nained  as  a  <atulidati-    upon   \\h..iii  ll 
piilili<  i  In-  was  eli 

•!i  l-all..!. 

l«all"t    law  \\a>«   amendrd  >«>  a- 
that  a  candi«lali-'s  nainr   may  «|.|..-ar  in  on 

place  on  the  ballot 

aurts  are  authorised  to  form  ; 

ti.-n  ili-iri.-tx   upon  the  \oir   ol 
proposed  to  !•«•  indudt.l. 

are  also  empowered  to 
rictS,  Himlar  to  mad  di>!r 
sop  IS  the  only  county  lial-lr  t<.  need  thi- 

ing  licenstv-o  to]  .-  m-aird.     It  . 

tiled  l'\   th.    '  :.  and  1-.  • 

. and  ihn - 
|ihy>ii-iaii-.      A  phari:. 

A  law    \va-    made   ••\ti-inlinu'    1"   <>1 
time  within  w)i  ;  MM  nt    il.  I 

derm  property  after   il 
rution.  and    the   sale   confirmed.     Tin-   <j> 
came  In-fore  the  eonrt.s  du: 
this  change   would    apply   to    mortpi^res 
while  th.-  old   law  was   in    oprraii«i 
being  made  thai    thi>  would   I.. 
I'niird  States  C'onstitution,  which   "plains  that 
no  State  shall   pa>s  any  law  impairing  ti 
Cation  of  contracts.     The   court    held   tl 
law  was  valid,  the   pnreha 
the  contract  made  by  the  mortpt^e ;  if! 

pens  to   l»e   the  -am.-    ).er-"H    a^-   the  nioi" 

that  is  merely  accidental,  his  relation  a^ 
gagee  ceasing  when   he   as-um.-  ihat   of  pur- 
chaser; and  that  the  sale  i-  the  n-ni- 
provided  Ity  law  f<>r  the  enfureement  of  ti 
tract,  and  not  a  part  of  the  contract. 

The  only  hill   for  revenue    pa-— -I  at  t 
sion  was  one  for  taxing  in-m 
wliich,  it  was  estimated,  would  briii^  ^-l<M)()()a 
year  to  the  State. 

An  act  was  passed  providing  f<>r  the  "ssj^E 

m.-nt    and   satisfaction    of   nioi- 

s<-rihinur  the  method  ..f  di~ 

and  one    providing'   that    attachment-    i 

sworn  out   where  mortgages  or  other   p ]..!.'«- 

have  been  pven.  hut  )iav. 

tory  by  act  of  defendant. 

An  appropriation  <-f  $0.000  was  n 

;  of  Horticulture  for  use  in  exterm 
fruit  pests. 

The  law  for  the  protection  of  (i-5 
was  ehanL'ed  in  son 

man'-  mea-ure  only,  and   makes  no  men' 
the  salmon  indi. 

AMIOTJK  other  a<-ts  (,f  the  session  we: 
lowing: 

Auth'Tizmir  tl.. 

ippossi 

ca»c»  <  •  t'  tu 

•;.•*   with   tlie  S. 
companies  and  to  make  statement*  of  • 

Limiting  liabi  lers  in  corp^H 

r  unpui'l  M 

birds  or  molesting  their 


PAKTKUK,  UlfttL 


_  U*r  at*  cnatin*  the  Hiate    B<«rd  of 

l  r'.  al. !.-••••!••'          •  •    •   •    • 


:•••.••• 


. 


'  .  -      '  - 


r\i:v*   I    v^  America,     fold:  that  of  eipurt*.  IjOaVI 

is  vested 

hajnbr:  The 

\eors  ending  in    half  thr 
a*.  !,<;,.,  Juan  r,   Ifwqi  • 

asury   receipU  for   18B4 
••  pesos,  oi 
unr  from    v»l-  nn.l    I,,—   -  f 

•..in-,   and   4KM.a<lK   fr..m 
SIIMISM  werr  5.007.9II8   pesos,  of  which     trie*  w a- 

•••  wera  used  i.  |V\M  i  i  i:     mi 

nment,  M.778  pesos  in  payment  .,f    „,  I  Mr  .Jum 

M.1W, 
PHS.    In  respect  to  its  bonds  hi- Id  in  hun»pr.    been  a  soldkraad  •  bo  had  aw 

r<*t  ha«  been  )«id  nin<<r  l4l.     tnl-.r.     When  be  was   a* 
••rnment  agreed  in  August.  1HB5,  to  an 

whervby  il  will  |my  1  j« -r 
•  three  years  and  i  of  i  percent,  more 

•jened,  and  will  begin  redemption  in  1000. 

•In-  »-n«l  of  ISM  thrre  was 


•nan 


berinfT  Ml  peraon*  and 

•••••  -%   <« 


m 

lian 


Mieva  Australia,  «hi<h 
|  480  penoii 

:t  linns,  who  ha«l  i-  ' 
In  diajru^t  aft.  t 

I  of  900  square  miles  on  the  Tibiquari 
immigrant 

khould  be  settled  then*  within  MX  jrears. 

•  •I  th.-tii-  lv  «  in  iiuiiiU  m,each 

Dg  |904).      In    thin   way    ^1','HMI  wan 

-tart  r  Those  who  ArM  ar- 

l>|M>intrU  at 

up*.     All   wrrv    t"    r 

o  aro^ 

,i,..iii,iu.  .-i;;..«,,  i..,.. 

hrir  wny   v'> 

'  irafruajan  (Jovrrnim  tit   ^rantwl 
trtin^nt  of 

,  whcrv    thoy    have   since    pnwpefwd. 
schUra  oeeurred  in  tho  oriffinal  colooy. 

IMOC9  -  r  and  nU-ut 

',•    nrlllr    in 

&  Irft   an.l 
nununi' 


—  The     «m*  gradaalMl  aa  BadH 

_^  ^     f>^Mls^a>    Is^ssafM  a%a^atft 
MOal  IB        CMaM    ft   ^s^a^W     l^^aJW  V^aV 


•  ,J 


1'ASTEUR,  LOUS. 


Normale  in  Paris.     At  the  examination  ho  at- 
um.-l  tin-  rank  of  f-urt. .  n  and  was  adn 

-fv    hnn.  90  he  settled  in 

,n.l  Miidir.1    in  the  In-lit  ill  i,"ii  M.irbcl.  ami 

l.l  was  admitted    t<>   tin  nnalr. 

•landing  fourth  in  tin*  class.     Here  In-  studied 

nhemistrr  under  lialani  and  I  Mima*  ami 

tallofrraphy  umi  mplct- 

M<  was  successively  assistant  in 
iad  tdraoM  Mid  demonstrator   in   <  hnn 


cheli 

receiving  the  degree  .«•»  in 

- 

the  eiBM  of  the  difference  in   the   U-ha-- 
the  amimn. 

•ponding  salt    of    tartan.-    acid     with    p.- 
light    to  I*'   lack  of  symmetry   in    t 
At  this  lime  also  ha  pointed  <>ut  the  difference 
between  1 1  •  1  t  he  lievorota- 

tory  tartaric  acid. and  proved  that  the  two  acids 
cnuld  be  separated  one  from  the  other  by  a 
process  of  fermentat  1  by  a 

form  of  mold.  This  inv,-ti-ation.  establishing 
the  relations  between  crystalline  form  and  op- 
tioal  properties,  and  throwing  considerable  li-ht 
on  the  architecture  of  molecules,  was  really  the 
foundation  of  stereochemistry,  and  was  made 
with  f  ied  from  his  own  slender  re- 

sourer  •  cs>    in    this   particular   branch 

of    m.juiry    wa-  i    remarkable    f..r    so 

young  a  man.  In  1848  he  was  called  to  the 
chair  of  I'd-,-;.  -  in  hijon.  and  in  the  -am-- 
vear  he  accepted  a  similar  appointment  in  - 

In  1854  he  was  charged,  in  the  capacity  of 
dean,  with  th-  tn-k  »f  organising  the  faculty  of 
.  and  he  remain. -d   there   until 
1857.  when  he  was  called  to  Paris  to  take  charge 
of  the  scientific  studies  of  th.  nnale. 

He  continued   in  the  active  administration   of 
v-.rk    for  ten    years,  and   in    \*'\1    became 
also  Professor  of  Geology.  d  ('hcmis- 

try  at  the  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts.  Meanwhile  in 
183?  he  began  his  famous  researches  on  fermcn- 
U'l-.n.  He  d:-tinctly  proved  that  the  changes 

i  each  of  the  various  processes 
mentation  were  due  to  the  presence  and  gr< .  w  t  h 
of  a  minute  organism  called  the  ferment,     His 
own  words  are:  ~  Th"  ch.-mieal  act  of  fermenta- 
tion is  essentially  a  correlat  i  ve  phenomenon  ..fa 
viul  act  beginning  and  eml ing  with  it.     I  think 
that  there  is  never  any  alcoholic  fermentation 
without  there  being  at  the  -an..-  time  organiza- 
tion, development,   multiplication    of   globules 
or  the  continued  consecutive  life  of  globules 
already  formed.**     Thus  the  science  of  b 
he  has  been  called  the  f 
ice.    He  also  showed  that  this 
o  simple  as  was  represent- 
x  up  of  sugar  into  alcohol  and 
>'    other  im|Mirtant    sub- 
-  -  vample.  succjnic 
4     :  rical    appl: 

•  ei».no  lat.  r  when  he  showed  that 
Tm«itof  wine  rv  •-  on  the  surface  of  the 
e  wheti  it  ha*  ripened,  and  when  he  indicated 

• 
orm  of  deterioration  was  dm- 


whi 


ept   for  a  time,  was 
by  him  u»  be  due  to  a  similar  cause. 


diseases  were  remedied  .-n  hi-  -'.•.•_-^-\\.  • 
process  called  ••  I'aMeiiri/.atioii."  \\lnch  cmiM>is 

ti  in- the  wine  slowly,  \\lu-n   botth-i 
a  tein  ,d   then  allowii. 

cool.     A   similar  process  wa-  applied   t- 
lit  MIL:  out  that  the  d«-t.  -ri.  >ral  i- 

and  beers  was  due 

and  by  -h,  .wiii-  how  the  action  of  I  hi-  f. 

could  be  prevented,  he  accomplish. -.  i 

.•iiormou>  sum-  to  t  \\o  v.-ry  important  inn 
And  this  was  done  by  careful  .  \|..  run.  • 
b\    brin-ing  to   bear  <>n   the   -ubj.-«  • 
gence  tr.nned  in  exact    in.  lli--.|-  and  in  in 
:i.    coupled     With    employ,, 

-.•o|.e  and    the    other  aid-   «.f   1110,1. 
search. 

In    1865,   on   the   suggestion    of    Duma 
chemist,  he  undertook  the  study  of  t  • 
disease,    which  a-t    that    time    threat 
-troy  the  entire  -ilk   induMry  ,,f  central  I 

alueof  raw  silk  in  is.'):'}  \\  , 
000,000 fnnos,  and  in  isc>:>  it  had  fall.-n 

fifth    that    -urn.      \  itt.-i'iiani    and    < 
shown  in  !*">!»  that,  the  mobile  ci.rpn 

pre\  I..II-  ..I  .1   detected  ill   th- 

ill the  «•---.  wep-  cl..-e|y  connected  with  ! 

ease.    rSsteur,  when  he  began  the  iiKjuii 

ilkworm.  and  kn.-w  i, 
of  its  habits  and  life  hi-t- 

n-  «.f    the   ••  pebrine" 
disease  through  the  variou-  >ta-e- 
meiit  of  the  r--.  larva,  chry-ali-,  ;ind  in--' 
soon   found   that    the  pan. 

persisted  through  all  the  stages  of  the  animal'- 
life,  and  that  even  the  eggs  w.r.   ii 
came  to  the  conclu-ion   that   the  only  method 
olTerin-  any  hoj»c  of  success  was  a  ra<li 
termination  of  all  infected  moth*  a; 
recommended  the  f..iiowin-  plan  of  tn-a- 

When  the  femnlu  has  laid  her  eggs  and  d 
body    j<    drie.l.    pounded     up     ji, 

amine.l    microscopically;    if   no   e.>rpu-. 

found,  the  eggs  are  pr-  -erv.-d  for  cult  in- 

if  any  corpu-cles  are  di-c. .\.red.  all  the  • 

that  moth  are  immediately  burned. 

is  examined  in  the  same" wav.  and  all   ii 

hatchings    are    d«-t roved,      h 

alone  subsequent  to  the  applicat  ion  of  t  h: 

ment  the  annual  value  of  silk  rose  from 

OOOt 

In  1S(J7  he  wa-  iriv.-n  the  chair  of  rheun  • 
the  Sorbonne.  which  lie  held  until  Is?:,,     i 
the  close  of  this  period  a  controversy  an. 
the  truth  of  the  theory  of  spontaneous  L 

tion.      I'a-leur.  by  a  -.-rie-   of  the   n. 
and  convincin-  experiim-:  1   the  exist- 

ence of  micpi-nrganic    f-.rin-   and    their 
in  thcair.and  -howed   that    while  unpiiri: 
was  capable  of  -ettin-  up  fern, 
of  variou- kind-,  the  -am.- air  freed  from 
could  not  _-  the-.-  changes.     Th'- 

ol   ^pontaneoos  gen<  ml  i-  -n  were  silenced. 
Later  he  began  the  study  of   inoci. 
r-ure  for  dis«'ases  other  than  smallpox.      I! 
on-t rated  that  animaN  of  the  (.vine  and 

may  l»e  prevented  from  coir 
isease  of  anthrax  (charlMiin  or  -picnic  f 
it  is  variously  called,  by  inocidat  in-  then 

-pe.-ific  minute 
i-m  which  i-  found  to  <-xi-t    in  that 
to  be  its  efficient  cause.     The  mor 


..•••..• 


•"T  ?lTft^NBttF"lttrt 

h|§hfc*t*m    Tb»  nrikmljf 

ft  b*     tlM  ftljUur  kilUJ  ib«  d.^  »itb  a^»  U.  •  <  attack 


it   w«*  riillivitl«-«l    111  tilt  BMUUMf 

Illlll  llllil    tin      f   ..»  1    Ma 

Ullrf 

lutlvra.  errn  when  plaotd 

trmill|.ll    v»a>    III 

t  met  hot!  «>f  m<-  nUti»n  to 


icrntru'--!  in  th«-  n.  ; 

•jrs  MMitnm  A  |*n» 

•    ni»|ir<>|iri;iti    trt«t* 


iiHH'ulttti-il  writ*  |H*r» 
i.i   that    ti 
•••iil:iti'<|  \v  if  h  I !,.    ;    .  -'    :       •-  .  • 


' 

MI|   at    fit  iuc\itnl>Ir 

to   Imm.'i: 

tiiM    in    ' 
v  nit   f mills  riii^il 

populn'  thf  I'aftttMir  ln»titut.. 

it  in  pr.i 


i.ut   «M  horriblir  btolM  to 


•mi  hu 

• 

..f  th«  world. 
rh«r« 


uianitf  hMDol 

••  MM  Til*  fb»  IW  ygliMiJ  A  HIM 

bly  of  Frmncc.  and  te  1931  mm  •!»  glfVI  •  Ml 

-  ____  <  -  —   j^^^  I.*-  _^  ^^^^^^^^^  ^  .».  _ 
fVuruiK  pvBBMm  IHVB  MV  •WMMMWMV  •§  IHV 

BoH    •  •  i     ••-'.. 

torof  BBliiDii.    i«  Mfc 

.....  .,     v   . 

-,         .      .  •  •    ..-•      • 

lMltHI< 
•rxl  ( 

II. 

i. 


.  ' 

- 


+n 


t  Mr  ii 


rmi- 


*nt 

! 


i  i  l.-tboraU 

»nlire  treat  men 
is  buiKlin 


and  «n»nr 

the  kn»«  f 


o^Vfd'U^r 

of  CT^TT  dMrrtfAloa)  m 

t*f    ***^^  • 


836 


I'.Vl  SI)    1N\  KNTH'NS. 


VM  given   him   by  hi-*  associates,  friends,   and 

1  he  was  presented  with  a 

cold  medal  on  the  anniversary  of  his  sevent  MI  h 

-,-j      rhe  |  resentation  took  plaot 

in  the  Sorbonnc  and  was  presicl* 

,  -   ::i   .'.;-  boOOf  were  made 

by  representatives  of  scientific  Unlies  from  all 

over  the  world,  who  had 

homage  to  the  great  saeww/.    Besides  his  minor 

contributions  be  pu  i  <  .pledc 

iinee  ]  if  •:•  -  animaleuu  -  in- 

.  •  ,  .  •        .-  oxyrinc  libre"(1868); 

.  -  -ur  le  vin.  ses   maladies,   les  causes 

.     •  "    18W;  nd  edition.  1878); 

"  Ktodes  sur  h  -e-»  maladies,  moyens 

de  le»  prexemr  idea  sur  la  mala- 

dfedatvtnatote'<(ie  -ur  la  bier.-. 

ses  m*1***1**!  let   oanses  qui  les  provo(|tient 

'•• 

,.r,t,M  -thume  de  Claude  Bernanl 

*ur  la  fermentation "(1879).    The  -t..rv«if  his 

,s  written  by  hi*  son-in-law.  M.  Vallery- 
lUduU  under  the  title  -  .M.  I'a-t.ur.  i 
il'un  savant  'par  un  ignorant.'"  At  the  time 
of  his  studies  on  the  silkworm  he  was  warned 
to  distant inur  his  work,  but  he  declined  A 
discovery  was  given  to  the  world,  but  at  the 
expense  of  half  of  his  body,  for  he  wa-  para 
lw,  i.  He  reeo\er«-d.  but  «.\ erwork»-d  at  the 
time  of  his  investigations  <>n  rabi,-.  and  in  1886 
be  was  again  prostrated,  from  the  effect*  of 
which  he  nover  completely  rallied,  though  his 
death  was  comparatively  sudden.  A  national 
•  r  him  by  President  Kau re. 

•  ly  lay  in  state  in  the 'Pa-teur   In-litute. 

.i    cerei iv    took    place  in    the 

\otre  Dame.  The  (iovernment 
desired  that  hi*  remains  be  interred  in  the  pan- 
theon, but  hi-  own  wishes  were  respected,  and  he 
was  buried  in  the  garden  of  the  Ta-teui  In-ti- 


PATEXTH     \M>    IM  I  M  IONS.     In    this 
the  intention  is  to  describe  a  few  of  t In- 
most recent  i-  that   may  be  considered 
of  general  interest  or  specially  -uited  to  home 

Steam  Lifeboat*.— Among  the  improve- 
ments recently  introduced  in  the  Kngli-h  Life- 
Uwl  Service  are  boats  propelled  by  steam. 
There  are  8  in  the  service  now.  the  '•,»  earlier 
boats  having  proved  their  usefulness  during  two 
or  thrreyejir-.an.lt he  third,  the  -rity  of  Glas- 
gow." being  the  improved  result  of  the  former 
nentsi  She  was  planned  by 

•    l««gner,  and  cost  i"i..VH>.     Tt,,- 
machinery  was  constructed  by  I'cnn  \;  Sons,  of 
Greenwich,  the  engines  being  designed   after 
<»rr*n'»i patents  for  what   i*  known  asrtjr 
pnWon.      They  are  «.f   v»-,»r,   horse  power,  and 


drire  2  nearly  horizontal  turbine  wheels  of  30 
inches  dumeter.  The  total  w.-i-ht  of  the  ma- 
chinery U  10  ton*.  The  boat  i- 

instructed  mainly  of  galvai 
•y  bilge  keels  ami  fender  gnn- 
IOMI  elm.  Ample  water-ti^'ht 
ire  provided  for*  and  aft.  the 
inery  being  in  separate  compart - 
i  are  so  arranged  that  the  boat 
ickward,  forward,  or  sddewise,  or 
rounr  motion.  On  her  trial  trips  the 


•  •f   (ilasgpw"   made   a   nm-t    satisfi 
:    in   all   kinds  ..f  \\.-atlier.  and   >lie 
'    llar\v  ieh.  one   of   the    m< 

point- on  Hie  !•: n u'lish  coast 
Tin-  eraft  has  been  prcwnted  to  i  < 

'•    I iy    the    p.-oplc    of    (ila-uro\\.  \\  ho 
the     required      fund-     in     -mall     -ul'xn: 
and    are    Mill    roiitribntin. 
-tilution   through   the  e-lal-ii-lnn. n1    o|    -', 
known  a- 

on   which    -iil'.-< nptions  are  solicit 
purpose, 

\     \o\el    (  raft.     The     Layman     pn.  u 
-porting    boat    is   an    inseiition    that    eoiiiim -uds 
it-elf  at  fir-l  -itrht  to  the  linnter  and   the 
man.      The    accompanying    illustration 


8PORTINO  BOAT. 

ciently  show  its  external  appearam ••-.     In  effect 
it  is  an  elliptical  float   made  of  Indifi  nn 
other  flexible  waterproof  material,  tublil 
with  a  pair  of  |M...t<   permaiH-nlly  attach' 
bottom  or  under  side.     These  boots  are  pr 
with  fins  or  paddh- at  the  -ides  j,iid  uii'i 
Aliieli  fold  when  moved  forward  ai- 
on  the  return  stroke.     The  navigator.se; 

his  boat,  with  his  feet   in  the  I ts.  jno 

legs  backward    and   forward   a-  in  walki: 


BPORTTKO  BOAT,  WITH  BTOHM 


propels  the  boat  or  turns  at  will  in  an 

tion.     The  sides  of  the  float  are   double,  a: 
divided  into  water-tight  compartment-. 
of  which  is  capable  of  sustaining  01 


PATKNTB  AM*   I! 


«, 


. 

•  ry  «uy 

walk  mi  Uinl  ur  wwte  in 
hen  alluat.  a  fair  rale  of 

•• 
a  ,f   ihu  i*  effected  in 

*itl...m   the 


•r  oar*  **  alarming  to 


mi  ..f  l hi-  Mont  and 

v.ram.1  rain  or  »pray. 

atrevn*  <>r  »w..-njpi  can  be  placiii   f»r   fir 

t..   .  i.,    ..  :.    .  f   •-.. 

i  .    IN. riahle    eleoirio  aiaotrie 

•  •*  nppl..  *«t.  name  of 

ha*   U-«-n   mir'-ln'  •  <1   n-« .  :  .•   1'ortahlr  <li*Unguiahed    by 

••Olrfe  Boat  Propeller  Compaq  .i,fT,r.n-    ...i.«^ 

i..-  Ulu.ir.i-  hti.al  i«niea.     Tarn  a» 


BrieOy  denribad,  the  propelling  device  4  •**» 

^v»  IWoml  aftSTT    TW  •rt'oV  ea^tela^C 


.' 

f    •:•  • 

.r  .HffareaA 

a.t     -f 


bribery 

,.n,l  with  the  «-t 

.anordiMr 

,n  f.T,.rof  lb* 


aomiitt*  of  a  « nrvwl  tobe  carrying  a  ecrew  pro- 

^H at  tli-  mk'  within 

llrr.       Ai. 

•ountnl  ujH.r,  tlu-  ml*  M.-ar  the  point  where  It 
the  etern  of  the  boat.    A  liai. 

f  t  he  tube,  projecting aiill 
-wanl.  i.H  within  rrach  of  the 
man.    The  motor  is  act  uat  - 

icbhiiw.    The  tl.  vil  ,    >',,.f?   i-. 

r  -ulr  of  the  tube,  in  a  metallic 
fin  which  serves  a»  a  rml-i-  »h- 

>  pivoted  in  a  wicket  afll\ 

hr  pro|»-llrr.  in..t..r.  an 

•    :V>   |-.ii!..U.  rin.l    thr  Ut- 

leneji  weigh  from  HW  (MMI:  irly  .100.  ac- 

1-dereJofwl. 

-  -M-t  in  motion  ami  diseilgagrd 
by  a  ..I  adji»(- 

•v\..luiio|,H  n   miiiut.       A  boat 

•ppar  ilf*t  an   hour  un«lrr 

The    mil  lay    for    ordinary 

H»   is   about  •*>  .r.      When 

tin-   i>n»iM-llinp   machioerr  the 

'iea  are  available   for  any  other  purpose 

in  this  form  can  be  ap> 


PATENTS   AND    INY  KNTloNS. 


and  the  wire  game.    Of  course  a  neat*r  and 

workmanlike   arrangement    will   occur  to 


any  <MM  with   mechanical    MIL.-,  nun  \.   but    the 
principle  to  merely  to  have  an  op,  t. 
me  the  entire  wj.lt h  ,.f  ih,   \x  n,  upper 

part  of  Ibr  fvnvn.  It  i- e\idcnt  that  it  is  pos- 
frfrfr  fop  flic*  to  enter  the  room  through  this 
opening,  which  it  on  at,  but 

tJtfewtha!  «dl  lind'thcir  way  inwartl  I 
very  email  proport  ion  t<>  the  larger  Dumber  thai 

bMftrtHUU   second   I  he    niM-nt..^   intention. 

tin-  inventor,  attaches  no  conditions 

safe  to  con- 

efaoethai  it*  u»«  i-  ";•'•"  '"  a11- 

Rapid  transit  is  oiu>  of  the  vital  Mue-iion- 
of  thr  dar.  not  only  in  the  large  cities  but  for 
loo*  distances  as  well.    The  ncees-ary  ...n.ii- 
-     :;.  .•  >n  an  i  high  ratei  of  ipead 
•  »-licate  that  for  2   through  h 
stra  m    must  be  laid.      With 

*  at  is  contemplated.  H  roust 


__  very  objectionable,  owing  to  the  almost  irre 
ststiblc  lateral  pressure.  Experiment  in  the 
direct  ,-le-rail  roads  have  been  in  prog- 

rw  during  the  past  year.  A  road  of  this  de- 
scription has  been  constructed  across  Long  Is- 
land, and  an  experimental  section  has  been  in 

*  operation  for  some  months. 

r  device  in  this  same  direction  is  the 
Cnase-Kir.-lin.T  Acrodromic  Kailmad.  A  Ml 
the  other  road.  :  '  the  cars  are  sharp 

like  the  bows  of  a  ship,  so  as  to  offer  t  h 
resistance  to  the  air.  In  this  road.  h<> 
a  novel  feature  is  intr.-duced  in  a  set  of  aero- 
planes, readily  adjustable,  and  intended  to  aid 
in  overcoming  the  grades  that  may  be  encoun- 
tered along  the  line.  Elaborate  experiments  by 
Maxim,  Langley,  and  others  ha\.  proved  that 
the  most  effective  aeroplanes  are  short  in  the 
direction  of  motion— that  is  to  say,  like  a  bird's 
edgewise..  A  set  of  Vein  t  ian  win- 
ires  a  good  idea  of  the  arrangement 
of  these  aeroplanes;  they  are  supported  on 
strong  framework  above  the  care,  and  can  be 
delicately  adjusted  to  any  angle.  On  both  these 
roads  a  rery  high  rate  of  speed  is  anticipated, 
150  miles  an  hour  being  claimed  as  possible, 
while  100  miles  an  hour  is  confidently  hoped 
for.  To  attain  such  speed  with  safety,  curves 
most  be  abolished  :  Bid  -in«-e  there  must  be  no 
as  are  inseparable  from  grade 


nd  the  like,  the  track  must  be  ele- 
vated.   The  tingle-rail  system  of  course  greatly 
simplifies  the  engineering  problem,  does  away 
with  the  necessity  of  snow  sheds  and  the  like. 
aad  reduces  the  expense  of  right  of  way  to  a 
minimum.    On  a  level  the  afiroplanes  will  be 
kef*  practically  straight,  and  an  ingenious  me- 
chanical device  is  arranged  so  that  the  lifting 
effect  will  increase  or  decrease  automatically 
according  to  the  steepness  of  the  gn> 
TUi  the  electric  trolley  roust  give  way  to 
-•I  storage  batteries  is  «nerally  ad- 
mitted bv  electrical  engineers.     Conduit  svs- 
tHM  are  (n  mxmtnl  operation  in  Washington, 
•..•"».  «f4ergroaiid  electric  srstem  has  been 
•gu.li.  fully  te«Ud    in   the  B/da-Pesth  street 
^  ™ch  run  in  all  directions  through 
TTwwp,  aooording  to  the  "  lUilway 
hav«  been  in  operation  several  years, 
and  their  snoot*  from  an  engineering  as  well  as 


from  a  financial    point  <>f  \ii-w  is  a^mv.l.     This 
lx   bclirved  to  IK-  at  present  the  i-nly  tianiu 
Kiirope  that    is  successfully  cperat'ed   |.\ 
of  an  underground  conduit    The 
system  as  reganN  |«.vHi,|y   f;,ial   shocks 

M   and    the   like    is   >;iid   t.,   >„•   f,,||y 
lieiimiisi  rated  in  praet  !<•.-. 

All    :  I'lliienl     is    rel" 

.pany  <.f   S  A  In,  I, 

CMii-'rurtcd    a   «.,  Jly    for    the    pi,- 

space  for  the  batteries  being  provided  under  the 

Seats,  accessible  thr. -ugh  openings  ;it    the   I. 
the  .  ,     that    of    \ 

L.  Silvey.  of  Dayton,  Ohio,  and  the  aim  of  the 
.  ..n-tnietof  was  to  secure  the  hi-liest  elli- 
and  the  least  possible  weight  (i.n-i^tent  \\itl 
apparatus  capable  of  \\iiti-ian.nn_'  the  ,. 
unlimited  amount  «.f  _-,    thai    i 

avoidable    under    sm-h    cireiiin- 

ploys   10S  cells,  each  weighing  2?  pound-,  and 

the* total  weight  of  the  i  ai... nt  ::.' 

pound-.      In  a  test  run  a  round  irip.if  !>  n 

made  in  thirty-live  minu'e-.      Thi-  indud. 

eral  complete  stop-,  t  \\o  c..n-id« 

eral  railroad  crossings, and  a  Ion-  l.rid.u'e.     It  w 

evident  that    'JO  or   'J.')   mile- an  Imur  was 

within  t  he  capacity  of  this  car.     It    m; 

car  miles,  and  no  repairs  were  necessary  • 

for  the  or  lor  the  motor,  the  on 

newals  rc<|uind  having  been  a  new  set « 

bon   brushes.    The   total   expenses   fi.r 

was  $2.50,  all  of  which  was  expended   upon  the 

trucks.     It    i-  believed  that    a  car 

operated  at  a  cost  not  exceeding  8  cents  a  n 

With  the  advent  of  storage    Latin 
service,  the  danger    from    rioter-   wil 
diminished,     t'nder  the  trolley  svstem.  a 
broken  \\ir-'  may  disable  an  entire  lin< 
while  if  each  car  is  provided   with  an  independ- 
ent storage  battery  a  separate  attack   will 
necessary  for  each  car  in  order  to  efiV 
sale  stoppage. 

Electric  Traction.— The  end  c.i 
saw  0,000  miles  of  electric  railway  of  different 
types  in  operation   in  the  United  States  and 
<  fanada.    The  rolling  stock  in.  lud- 
with  850,000  horsepower,  and  the   populat 
per  mile  of  track   was  8,200.     In  contra 
this,  in  all   Kurope  there  were  at  la 

'><)  miles  in  o[>eration,  with  1,260  cars  and 
24,700  horse  power,  and  this  with  a  p.  p 
PIT  mile,  of  track  of  765.000.     <  id-many  lea 
with  190  miles ;  Great    Mritain  follows  with  • 

with  60^  Austria-Hungary  with   '»'• 
Italy   with    ir>.     The    re-t    <.f    the    4«0   i 

up  of  small    line-   scattered   through  the 
variou-  nation^.     The  |-jiLrli-h  quota  lies  i 
in  *J  lines,  in  London  and  Liverpool. 

N<  u  Knilding  Material.— Spec  jm- 
glass  building  blocks,  or  glass  bri<-k-.  a-  1 1 
popularly  called,  have  been  introduced  in  I 
and  (Jermany,  it  is  reported,  with  saii-f. 
results.  They  are  hollow  blown,  very  li^i 
strong  enough  to  serve  many  architectural  pur- 

p ••-  -.       l-'or    dome-,    it     is    believed    they  \v 

peculiarly  adapted,  since  their  lightness  wil 
largely  in  their  favor  as  contra-fed  with  brick 
or  stone,  and  they  will  admit  u  modifie-. 
from  sun  and  sky  that  will  be   very   pi* 
In   like  manner  they    may    be   used    for  wall 
spaces  where  absolute  solidity  is  not  requii 


I'  \TKVMai 


may  t 

tl'aJU  i«iOatnm«tl   •  iih 

ifBrth*] 

•    an. 


|-'..|      '••      '!..  •     ..                        ' 

ili    ..f   flaw  bn<-k*.   »u.' 

rain.  .,  .u,%r  that 
are 


l»« 
eal,  a.   in   raw  - 

lan.1  .juit.-  AM  Well  M  main 

nhadnn  M  M  Takonnier*  blown. 
od  M>eciim<n*  were  »h<»wii  at  in* 

urnl 


BiMiial  ..i   Kit.  h.  n   i: 
o*  dlflaaJl  «-f  • 

movr  it   an.i   keep  it  •etiarat. 


**|»r»Ud  from  uhrr 
bnd»  of  »  ..il   IH  a  perpetual  pottle 

»*  Han  bwn  intn-l.u-ol 

itavjGomtraotJ 
Ion,  ami  hai  reoeired  the  ai>i»n>vnl  ..'f  the  an- 

,-.  Street  Commtivioner  of 

t   hi, 
approval.     It   conjiku  of  an  a<l'lin..n    >.,    tl,, 


^••.•ii... 


Aape  of  a  horiaontal  ryliml.-r  »-i  int..  1  1,,-  kitch- 
•a    rtorr,,,,-.    near  the   |- 

'  he  store  or  range.    One  end  of  thr 
4ar  M  retnovablc.  ami  attache*!  t..  it  in  a  rack  or 
rated  siden  and  a  tight  bottom. 

ii     thr    ill 

|'l«-"l  in  thb  •coop,  and  i 

inwrtnl  in  t|,,.  rylm.i.r       Ki.  .... 

fl     »r  ,,i    XM'!    :, 

•aujrht,  and  thr  mli 

IM  beat  and  thr  j.r-  mlmrtlon 

Pi  MHIII  ilrivr.H  «i(T  thr  uat4-r  fn»in  th. 
-•s  the  M>1: 

fn.m  thr 

•Oap  thr  rhunt.  an  do  n«>  harm. 

f  tht* 
.t   unlrMi  :\ 

Ht>t  flno  is  perprt  up  thrrr  mil  not  bt 

beat  enough  to  ,-lT.rt   th.    wiq* 

pforaloi  ha»e 

tho  «aiiu>  offivt   a>  a     malcr  I 


ami  fallm* 

an  radio*  chain 


Wtedcanb 

K-hv*  t,!".  thr  u^r  —  4 
rnnfwl  in  alphabn^ 


t hr  rrmok  in r«ia»r  4if«n»<« 
any  oUwr 


-  Ifl 


PBAOH 


of  the  pages  «re  so  linked  together  that  th.  y 
can  be  readily  unlinked  at  any  p.  int.  and  addi- 
tiunal  ones  in«ertrd.  -  projections  at 

tbe  comer*  of  every  sixth  page  slide  U,N „. 
circular  guides,  and  cans*  •  f  the  end* 

less  chain,  or  that  |-.rti.-n  not  in  inn 

f  fa  i      •:;;  m  •  and  DM  khodioaJ 

manner  within  the  IN*.  a>  -h..wn  in  the  illu>- 
I  rat  ion.  The  rontriranoe  is  called  the  Rudolph 

.i...,*  ind- 
V      \\,,.       I   huheel.        \    D   TtJ    flywheel     ha> 

•  .  -.  :  :,  .  :  •  \  BJ  :  !..•  Mann,  -maim 
Ttthe  Company's  works  in  U.-rinany.  It  o,n- 
«*U  of  a  east- iron  hub  or  boas,  to  which  • 

[g,  alMtiil 


feet  in  diameter.    The  peripheral  spare  li- 
the disks  U  tilled  in  with  TO  tons  of  No.  5  steel 

win,comple(<  \\  wound  around  the  hub.  the  t.-n- 
A)ereaistan«  thus  obtained  being  found  t. 
:         •  •     ili.it  .-f  any  -  asting. 
Thi*  huge  flywheel  i>  dr. 

a  minute.  «»r  a  |»oripheral  velocity  of 
s  H  minute,  or  api>ro\uimtel\  v>:><>  fe.-t  a 
second.     For  such  a  tlywlieel  the  length  of  wire 
bestimate.1  m  -j:»<»  miles. 

I'l  \(  I  su«  ||  Ills.  .- sanitations  having 
for  their  object  the  ^ttleim-nt  of  disputes  be- 
tween nations  by  arbitral  ion  rather  than  by  war. 
The  lending  orpini/jit i..n  of  this  nature  i<  the 
•••ace  Association,  [n  the  United 
States  the  general  organisations,  with  many 

headquarters  in  Boston. and  the  I'niversa. 

.  with  headciuaKers  in  IMiiladehihia.     The 
:«-an  Peace  S.ciety.  in  IN«M.  made  arrange- 

menu  fora  Peat-*- ('mi f«-r.  •  ,- Id  in«'hi- 

rago  during  the  rolumbian  M\p.»ition  of  i^'.i:;. 

At  thin  omfenMieo  the  following  memorial  was 


inann.T    in    \\hi.-h   arl.il  rators  shall    be  sc  ! 
and  the  manner  of  r.-arhm-  ami  .Icclanni:  their 
jinlu'inent-.  M    no    n- 

of  arbitrator^;  they  may  lie  nati«-i. 

I- mate  ritia  us.    I  ii- 

less  it  IB  specifically  agreed  j»re\  iou>l\  i  hai 
iimuis  Jin  lament  shall  lie  rei|tiired.  a  majoi 
the  nrbitratop.  shall  dei-iih-  ihe  «|Ue-ti«m  of  is'~ 

the  arbitrators  COIIM-!    of  an  even  niiiii- 
h  nation   may  apj-.-ini    an   tin 
nation  ilerinin^  it>«'lf  inten-ied  iin-i 

Hi)   .ju.-lion  max  a)i|ioini  . 
l»it  ratoj-  in  the  ca-e.      It    i-   jnovnleil   that 
•  •at  ions  ,if  the  treaty  shall  I  •- 
in-lon.  aii<l   it    shall  In-  in  force  |.,r  i  \v.  ill 
from  the  date  of  it-  proclamation, 
term  ha-*  expired  t  h  ill  remain 

until  on.-  year  after  any  nation  ha-  m\. 
to  all  the  other  nations  party  thereto  of 
sin-  to  withdraw  ;  l.nt  the  withdrawul 
lion  shall  not  relieve  the  other  nali.-; 
duties  under  tin-  agreement.    Ti 
cited  that  "this conference,  having  r.  <--.miiien 
arbitration  for  the  settlement  of  dispute 

\merica.  begs   leave   to  express 
the  wish  that   coiit rov.-rsies  between  them 
thenatioiisof  Kun.pe  may  be  Billed  in  Ihesa; 
friendly  manner." 

,  in  i.sjri  the  French riiamtwr  of  Deputiei 
vnted  t'o  ask  the  (i<ivernment  t- 
maiient  arbitration  treaty  with  the  1'nited  - 
The  House  of  Commons  declared  strongly  in  fa- 
vor of  international  arl.it  ration. and  in  lH<)i;  • 
mitted  the  following  to  t  he  ( iovernm.nl 
1'nited  States  at  Washington  : 


iat  thi>  HOIIM-  has  learned  with? 
tion  that  both  house*  of  the  Tinted  States  C 
have  by  resolution  requ.-sted  the  Prv-i.leiit  t< 
from  time  to  time.  a.s  tit  OOO 

•.\itli    any   L'overnincnt   with    wh: 

&tts3&s&s&  7ss*rfi±  SSSw&S 

peaceably  adjuHtcd   by  such   means:   and 


tsmed  to  nil  the  governments  ,,f  the  world,  and 
the  Secretary  of  State  sent  facsii 


I'nitod 


of  America,  reoofnizing  the  advantagct* 
10  UIQM  luaion.-  «  lii.-h  have  j.ur-u.-.l  the  pbl- 
UitnUiinr  internal  i-nal  .repute..  :,i,.|  d. 
that  like  baoeflto  may  in  the  tutor.  .  l.y  all 

oatkN»,aiid  deeming  thu*  opportunity  tit- 
Hy  join  in  Uil*  memorial  to  all  our  vurioux  g"\,  rn 
rncou.  pnvintr  that  th.  %  will  unitedlv  ajrrcc,  l.\  mu- 
...      ..        ,;.         ,    .,  .    , 

l  quenUotM  and  Utuputo*  :. 
lutioo  by  ordinary  and  peaceful 


The  work  of  the  Peace  societies  received  direct 
i- American Cooferaooe  in  April. 
I,  when  these  resolutions  were  adopted  : 
I.  That  the  principle  of  conquest  *h»n  not  during 

SuV*00*0110411"111 

iJ?>*»  •«  ;««eluus  of  territory  made  .lurin 

the  treaty  of  arbitration  nhall  be  void 

•.         '    .' 

•ion  frmn  which  aoch  cessions  shall  be 

• 

••i  In  arbitr.  • 

>-  »tion  of  the  ritf  ht  of  arbitration  made 
din  the  no*  n  shall 

efwwOTtlMrmn^ormsIto* 

TW  ijaolqiir^,  w«re  aceonipAniod   bv  a  re- 
tbecnfiforeoee,sstting  forth  in  dei«ii  the 


House,  cordially  sympathizing  with  tin-  pin: 
expresses  the  hope  that   II.  • 

iii.-nt  will  lend  their  ready  eo-,,perati"!. 
eminent  of  the  1'nited  States  ii] M.M  th. 
foregoing  resolution. 

At  a  meeting  of  t  he  America ; 

held   i'  con-ider  ' 

Lations  of  the  United  States  and  Knglan-i 
the  boundary  dispute  in  \"ene/uela.  the  follow- 
ing was  adopted  ; 

War  between  the  1'nited   States  and    < 

-ral  impoHsihility.     Neither  natioi. 

ourn»ti.-n    eanbeguifty of  Uie awful  erii 

ink'  tin-  other.     'I 

;in  a  stupendous  bluii 
eivili/ation.  humanity,  i-on-lemn  n 
threat^  of  war.  .liisti.-<-  between  i 

|K-eiulIy  by  the    jHiWerfill  to  tlu-  weak.       V 
(     "lir    eolllltrV     to    *cek     ill-' 

fp.lll  « . 

flrst,  the  safety  of  the  United 

the  prote<-tion  of  this  liemisphere  fi 
nrwwion.     I'ut  am 

j«ow<-r.     It   i-   tolly  t' 
M    that    boimdji! 

irrowinjf  out  of  doubtful  documents  or  data 
our  ken.  must  imperil  the  peaceful  progress  «: 
tian  civilization.     What  madnews  to  embroil  our  land 


:•..':"•'•'.  :,....,>  -  v  ...  ,. ., 

iwlil  h*»  -l"i"    »•  •    '       '  '•  t  •  •  '• 

•rtHimtioii.      \"-  ..•.-•. 


iHMl«dt  llottor  liraaws*. 

•krV  fisi 
Ta\r 


Jtteotbimnch    tkm  of  tlljmjttJI.    fib  *»  art 
fCoo-       11*  u^teMrtedM  of  «»«*»., 


Hi  own  1 1-1  international  arbitration*  Dftww 
aYopmn  nations,  the  I  .m.i  ti, 

rania 
rty  Umea,  seven  times  «nh 

MM^tarTllt 

SsM  >  VNIA,     M  tHM.ftl,, 

June  6. 


miles.    The  |».|m-    her  of  schools,  6&JM6t 
ennial  census,  was    8,638;  numhrr  of  fn 


>  -    . 

IMU;  ^SII.TOT  in  1850;$^OMI5    $68.84; 

:  4£8*801  in  1880;    month*  ?«l  : 

rear:   Oorernor,  Dnm- 1  H 

VtBiWftAS*        \V"        It  I  i 

rs,  Isaac  B.  I'.r  AM.    66JH6 m 

rva»-     va£1*' 
(iencral.        The 

vat  ion  to 

n.-nil.  Thotnti  ilian  ami 

.:m--    II.  l^im-     alh 

;    ri>mmi*»i..tirr.    "•    I1'-    (":'"  s   :-  ! 

Thonas   J.  Thr 

.•x  Wells;  18 

cnvluatr^  and    6* 

f  HutMmga.  John  Ther 

rn«  an*l  1.4W, 
Justice        The  coll  _ 

hn  h.  i:,  !•   N  '.•to  sIliBiiasiri  oarf  ' 

llrfr,  |J1- 

•»o  U  a     H4ffT*!ttalo..  Wdbm 
i*  -*V*t.    M 


riaanrr*— TheTrvn<  »r  r..ilrcr, 

•  *4leg*, 

• 
- 

r.o   .if    •  K.«    1  »r  -      •     -•    •.  dv   t K^»   B^^^felf^A  Ikk  AMI^M 

w  laigm  items  among  »n<*  rfrv»|w»  IK^  * 

T  **  follow  i  Tax  on  oornonition  stock  and  ciafen  1 


•  \v._ 41  A 


.  r: 


l-r.NN>VLVAM  A. 


common-school  education  are  expressly  prohib- 

C..MMIIU- 

The 'religious-garb  lull  has  had  the  effect  of 

ihesisten  fnnu  the  ranks  of  pabUc- 

school  teachers;  in  some  instances  the  children 

whom  they  tbrmafij  taught  Imve  also  been  w  it  h- 

ilrawn  fn»in  the  school*. 

Mi|*'rinten<knl  rcj* 

ieit.book  law  has  given  great  satisfaction.  A 
noticeable  effect  is  seen  in  the  m,  rva-ed  attcnd- 
•Doe,  amounting,  in  some  instances,  to  80  per 


.—The  report   of  tin*  imis- 

•  .    ,    •  -.-I  -,  ol   i>»:  Institutions, 

\i-  «.f  building  an«l  loan  associations — the 
report  f  «  h.ch  wastocorae later-for  1895.  The 
deposit*  aggregated  $41,915,517.71;  savin 

rustoompun., 

114397.78;  total  $218,967.963.72;  increase  in 
18tt  over  1894,  $14,043,1*',  i  The  banks re- 
porting  to  the  department  had  a  reserve  fund  in 
1895 of  $8,443^84.48;  savings  in-titutioi*,  $6,- 
*7M63.77:  trust  companies,  $20,450,665.49; 
total,  $35^68,41^74.  The  report  shows  tt.it 


a  decrease  of  $2,718.586.68  in  the  re- 
fund of  these  institutions  in  1895. 
number  of  deposit  accounts  in  bank-  in 
1893  was  109,333;  savings  institutions,  2* 
trust  companies,  112.648;  total,  504,558.    The 
Average  to  each  depositor  in  all  institutions  was 


Railroad*.—  The  report  of  the  Secretary  of 
Internal  Affairs  for  the  year  ending  June  30 
shows  that  the  total  amount  of  stock  of  rail- 
roads operating  in  Pennsylvaok  is  $1,099.303,- 
183.42.  and  the  capital  stock  outstanding  $944,- 
670.893.64.  In  1894  the  bond.  .1  in.!,  -btodness  was 
$988^51.  341  .93,  an  increase  in  five  years  of  $101,- 


There  was  eipended  $16,359,084.76  in  the 
equipment,  improvement  of  road-,  an.  1  <-on-t  ruc- 
tion. The  total  cost  of  roads  and  equipment  .  a- 
reported  to  the  department,  is  $1,538,501.  J 

There  were  1,588  persons  killed  and   10,607 


killed  were  passen- 


injured  by  the  steam  railroads  operating  in  the 
State.    Twenty-nine  of  those 


The  United  States  Supreme  Court  affirmed, 
in  May,  the  constitutionality  and  validity  of  the 
Pennsylvania  statute  of  1879  assessing  the  tax 
of  eight  tenths  of  1  per  cent  upon  tho  gross 
receipt*  of  railroad  companies  for  tolls  and 
transportation. 

The  Amalgamated  Association  of  Railway 
Employees  decided,  Dec.  16,  to  declare  a  strike 
«BDO  fee  IfaMe  of  the  Union  Traction  Company 
in  Philadelphia;  their  demands  were  for  a 
working  day  of  t«-n  hours,  $2  a  day,  and  the 
recognition  of  the  Amalgamated  Associat . 
Sire*  Railway  Kraployees,  The  strike  lasted 

fiSftSiP'    *™r8  were  "o^K  »nd  bloodshed 
ao«l  destruction  of  proper  ,  lives  were 

to*.    The  strike  was  settled,  Dec,  2:i.  bv  the 
•*»**»  «<wpttn«  the  company's  terms.'  The 
lew  m*n  who  had  taken  the  places  of  1 1,,-  M  rik 
.  by  the  ternw  of  the  agreement,   to 

'™ijT!r  run*  with  the  olcl  employees  who 

»  t»  tak.-n  \mc\L    It  was  estimated  that 

W|ml  the  company  in  fares  $250.<H)0. 

bunas  shopping  trade  was  almost  en- 

itlj  stopped.    Three  rioters  were  sentenced  to 


two  years' and  one  to  ri-htrrn  months'  impris- 
onment 

(•..urt    d.-ridi-.!    in    March 
case  in\ol\  ,.i  m.lir\  c.,n  ; 

that    the  street -r. 
.linn. 'Hi  domain,  and  that,  as  th«-  trolley  IUH-S 

an-  inr'«r|Miralril    HIP!  i\e  no 

n^t  met   tin  II    I't-ad.  \\  InTc  the    ! 

•  .f  |.r..|..  r;\  i-  in- i  ii-i.t  or  necessary  t*>  a.  Mid,, 
out  the  consent  of  the  }tr.>|>ni  \ 

Insurance,— 'I  the    In-m 

('oininis.sioiicr   for   1H94  was  puMMi.-d   in  S-|>- 

19*^B 

"licirs.  insuring  Jfl  l.u:t:t.:to:{.  an  inri.a.M- 
over  the  Inisiness  of  tlir  ; 

IM.IUMI-N    ami    a    deriva^-    of    $250/Wl  ittSUl 

The  coiii|ianii-s  of   othi-r  St 
ji"licif»  in  Pennsylvania, 

xrH'iiditnres'of  IN-nn>\l\a: 
1894  NV  ;   which  $:. 

was  paid  to  poUofholden, 

The  report  of  the  joint-stock  fire  nn«l  i: 
in-iiraiKc   <->.in|iunies  of  the  State  shows  that 

l.ilities,    except     capital,    i 

»,875;  surplus.  *s.v:, 
oeived,  $16,393,262;  total  income,  *  . 
losses    paid,    $10.681.1  H;    total    expend 
:     divi.l.-nds,    *l,l."i7.:Mr,;     ris. 
force,  | 

Tin-re  was  a  uniform  decrease  in  I:1 
and  inland  risks  written,  in  premiuii 
and  in  fire  losses  paid.     The  premium*  r. 
bystock  companies  during  the  year  wen 
332,492,  and  tno  premiums  and   ajKssinei 
mutual  companies  were  $1,891,000.     The  losses  j 
i  taid  by  stock  companies  were  $5.::  V. 
losses  paid  by  mutual  companies  were  £ 
713. 

Forest    |'i ,-cs.— The   n-p«.rt    of  : 
Commissioner  shows  that  during  the  year  .'.''> 
000  acres  of  woodland  were  burned  over,  can- 
ing a  loss  of  timber aggregaJ  inir  fully  $ l.OO^^H 
Many  fences  were  destroyed  l.\  tin-si-  fir- 
6,000  men  were  engaged  a  total  of  al»o  , 
hundred  and    fifty    day-   in   exiinurui>hiii. 
flames.     The  men  received  for  their  wtirk 
aggregate  $45,000.     Twenty  buildings  \v. 
stroved  by  forest  fires. 

Monuments.  -The  anniversary  of  the  hfB 
of  llrandywine  was   celebrated   Sept.    11 
old     Birmingham    Friend-'    Meetjnj 
principal  point  of  the  battlefield.  b\ 

1  dedication  of  a   tablet  ' 
nite  monument   to  Col.  .IoM-ph  M. •« 
The    monument    was  built    by   Col.    M 
descendants  and  the  I  MMi»ni;iI  came 

from  the  Chester  County  historical  Socii 

A    monument    erected    near 
mark  the  spot  where  Washington  orotse 
Delaware   river   before  the    battle  . 
was  d.  Oct  H  by  the  Bucks  Conn! 

torical  Society. 

I. e-islati>e  Session.     This    extended    fmn 
.'   to  .Inn.  tor  TlM.ma^  w» 

dent   ///•'/  /•  ///.  of    the  S 

:     of    the.     H 

bills  were  introduced,  of  which 

nor  and  489  were  approved.     ! 
68  resolutions  passed. 
One  measure  that  became  a  law  was 


VAX 


fro,, 
elmilar  hi 


rt  in  the 
BtoJ  baste  il        ,  • 

real* 

np|iral.  t' 

inure  judges  of  the 

i  !'..  .i- 

liill.  rv|iraliiii;   Mi.     :.i.»  ..f  IttO, 

MMiAulidatitm  of  ootii  i 

wan  pawl 

.«iu«.    A 


in  1803,  but  waft  vetoed 

amimt  thnt  altrn<  trd  rm»t  at- 
»  that  rail 

"raring  \>\ 

teachera  of  any  religious  mark,  dress, 
i  m   thr    Mhootawn.     In  iu  fin* 

Mir  Mirh  uraril.-    a    pjJtdl  DM   M    r      • 

•i-h.-r ;  l.i.t  as  finally  ua*eed  it 

a    thr    x-h 

'rachcr— aflnr  '. 
:hr   M...tl,l  i,««  of  office  ami 

e  yrar  for  thr  Iip»t  nn*riiM>.  and 

ty  diequalinttl  after  the  second. 

mad.-  aptiM-i   the   hill  in  "-    bltfJWl 

A  an  K  of  whom  there 

in  thr  >!at<  .  and  who  wear  a 

veB»  and  in  that  of  •  f  thr 

t.  Joseph,  who  at  1  in  some 

ol*.     In  18SM  an  injunction  had  been 

1.  to  i  r.  •..-.•  -iftere 

merican  Mechanics  was  especially  ae- 

l.ill. 

pnN.ry  o In.  at  ion  was  pSSSgrf. 

hat  all  rln 

ill  attend  v  I...-1  at 


nNwed  the 
of  common  pica*  and  <  ' 


thai    ihU    I,. 


whal 

.       • 


I    -      . 

tand  the  THO  VM  iM  te 


to  the  wwwww*.  •• 
of  the  srtoofci  by 

ukl  «<rr^r  not  to  4ra*> 
cent  of  thr  a| 


I  ef 

•  B 


'.     :.      ' 

tat  hiU  cottld  not  br 


themtahli%limrnt  of 
libraries  h  \cept       r«r  ibe 

ntt  and  Mfninl  rlav*:  to  refTU- 
and  main- 

BteUng  l>- : 
to  |H>  .t  commiesioner  of  banking,  ap» 

. 

f     $«.»"•».         Tin-     -iu' 

nernl  in  n*gard  to  MI- 
rvWon  ainl  tnk«  and  kimlrwt 

WiSsSf3£SZ£: 

.ide    in    the^I:.r--.      f  Slatr 

leJak  ami  .  «n«l  the 

aledis-    tteaor 


•  it 


LVAXIA. 


I'KUSIA. 


in  lluntiturdoii  « 
for  killing  deer  from  Deo.  16  t  .:.d  sqaimfa 

nul   von1 


Hue  of 

.lltully 


•   •  •      •        .       ,.—    ••        .     ..       • 

.        .  :,        .,    .-•  .     '  :.:• 


by  Mnkin-  out  the 
of  th,  HiM,  in 


the  kissin*  of  th, 
that  hereafter 


w        ae 

I*unbhln*  pool  aelling,  the  r 
tin*  of  bets  by  telegraph,  or  aid 


th, 

of  oaths  so  that  hereafter  all  »« 
will  have  to.  be  done  with  the  uplifted  hand  or  the 
D  book. 

tjajr  of  beta  by  telegraph,  or  aiding  in  pool  selling  or 

luHtio*  to  and  regulating  the  issue  and  transfer  of 
c*rtia«au»  of  stock  by  companies. 

Legaliriag  the  deh«>r 

To  booor  the  United  States  flag  as  the  national 
eablero  of  s  free  people  and  to  protect  it  from  foroign 
and  domestic!* 

Defining  the  crime  of  train  robbery  and  j>ui 

To  prohibit  exhibitions  of  physical  or  mental  de- 
fcrmmei  in  certain  public  places. 

To  prpvent  the  interference  of  unauthorized  JHT- 
aoua  with  the  electrical  conductors  ami  electrical  ap- 
pliances and  machinery  of  companies  using,  gencrat- 


ing.  or  supplying  electricity  for  light,  lu-a: 

Amending  the  divorce  law  so  as  to  include  in- 
dignities tothe  person  of  the  husband. 

'  iff  upon  municipalties  the  light  of  eminent 
the  purpose  of  appropriating  public  prop- 
............      \.  •         ......  .. 

To  regulate  the  advertising  of  sales  by  county  ...,,, 
missionen  of  land  bought  by  them  for  nonpayment 

Appropriating  $5.000  for  a  monument  to  the  Phila- 

,.    ;'     ..      •    ;..  ,    ,;     \:.'.    '..    .. 

Some  important  measures  defeated  were  bills 
for  congressional,  senatorial,  and  legislative  ap- 
portionment, on  which  the  2  factions  of  the 
Republican  party  were  opposed  to  each  other. 

';..-.•      n  VM   M  kind  ill'-  measure,  and 

defeated  it  with  the  aid  of  the  majority  of  the 

I'.-:.   -TV-. 

There  were  various  attempts  to  amend  the 
ballot  law,  but  these  also  failed. 
A  commission  was  created  to  ascertain   the 
of  utili/  i  the 

Pennsylvania  so  as  not  to  inter- 
wit  h    legitimate    industries.     Resolutions 
patsjd  tor  the  appointment  of  a  joint  com- 
mittee of  the  House  and  Senate  and  •„'  di-inter- 
persons  to  investigate  the  State   in-titu- 
to  aeoertain  how  many  of  their  inmates 
another  to  investigate  the  public  and 
and  .  s  to  investigate 

the  insane  asylum-. 

Political.- An  election  was  held  in  Novem- 
ber for  a  State  Treasurer  and  judges  for  the 
newly  created  Superior  Court.    The  activity  in 
as  mainly  confined  to 

{•••Ijeitebetw*  ,*  jn  the  2  jrn-nt  par- 

Bobert  E.  Wright  was  elected  chairman 

ofibe  Stale  Democratic  r,,,,,mittee  in  place  of 

^airmail  Stranahan.    Senat  or  Qua v  was  chosen 

-i  .-.   •    .nimittoc  in 

B.  P.  Gilkrson,  and  the  2  factions  ap- 
pmrefitlT  workM  together  in  harmom  • 

tfafliwas  ma<ie  chairman  of  the  licpnb- 
S5f«2?*^t.rofiventio11  **  narrisburjr  Aug.  28. 
Fbr  Stale  Tr««rrr  Benjamin  J.  Hafwood  was 
•o^aHed,  and  for  Superior  Ctourt  judges  the 


are 


8  Republicans  appointed   by  the  <;..\.  rn 
the  passage  of  the  act-    K.  N.  Willn 
!•;.  1:  n  .1.  \\  , 

Howard  .1.  K.e.ii  c.  and  (Jeorjjc  '••  (|rla«l\. 

The  platfiiriii  declared  a-ain-t   In. 
silver  and    in    favor    of    i 
charged  the  heinoeratic  parly  \\ith 

ink  of  is«»:{  and  the  dencil  in  ilu-  n 
Treasury.  The  following  roolutii-n  a. 
adopted: 

M.I     that     J.lll.lie     "Hi,.,      slldlld     he     ' 

pui'li.-  1>«  netit.  and  it-  term  in  M. 
Klidiild    I-.-   .luring   good    bri 
ployee  or  olticer  -h»uld  l>e   pc-nnittni 
j-rimaries  <.r  ele.-ti..ns.  M-T  UIM.H  an        • 
' 


ud  np..n  II'IN  salary,  and  nil  un 
Should  U-  ab«,|Wii-l  an<l  «  \j 


tiona 

r  jpublie  pnrpoeei.  <'"rjH,r;i' 

ISO  pdvUStfei  Should  pay  f..r  them.:.! 
divurred  tr-iin  p«iliti«>  and  kept  u!»H<)lut 
politic-ul  influence  and  control. 

The  hen.  n\.  nt  ion  was  held  in  NVjl- 

liain>porl    Srj.t.    11.      I'.enjainin    !•'. 
made  the  candidate    for  State  Trea-un  : 


the    judicial    nominations    the      ooum. 
chosc'ii:   Hariiian    Vi-rk«->.  .Iain- 

I'.  Sniiih.   Charles   N.   Noyes,  (H. 
•  1.  Chri-topher  Magee.   The']. 
tamed  the  following: 

\\Y  e-peeially  invite  the  s'-l-er  e»n-iderntion  oflfll 
people  ofthir.  State  tnthe  remarkaMe  Is. 
^'le  in  the   Kepuhlican   party,  a  ftniL^' 
volvcd  no  principle  or  puhlfc  poll 
supremacy  <>t°  taetional    leader.-.     Tin-  u-.i>t  am^H 

ment  at  our  hands  <>t'  i;.-|.ui.li.-:iti  misrule  tallasbM 

of  what   repn>eiitativ«-    Ilej.ul.liean   m 

rs  testified  •>!'  each  other.    The  admitted  |  •  •-•  .M; 
linn  ot'the  pul)lic  -ervi.-c.  the  interveiit 
rate  inthieiiee>,  t!ie   iniMi.-e  •>!'  judicial   :ipp<>intmenta) 
and  the  .•••n.-e.nient  pr'»tituti«>n  --t'  the  jud'u-... 
corrupt  use  of  money  in  tin-  pureh;,-  ut<  -.  the- 

uttemi-ted  t«-rrori>m'at  Harri.-h.irir  t,\  m.-n  of  tin-  m^t 

abandoned  type,  fix  the  high-water  mm 

del-auehery.     It  but  needed  to  coinpl<  -t.     •-    in, 
pletc    infamy  the  tran>par.-nt   h\]  h  leO 

convention  tliu.s  constituted  to  aao] 
resolutions   coMc'jrniiiir  the   very    method*   hy  v.  ).;.). 
.rentes  ha..  '•  d. 

The  I'rohibitioni-ts  met  in   I'itNl 
and  made  noniitiations,  a*  did  also  the  people'- 
and  the  Socialist-Labor  partie-. 

The    result    of    the    election   in 

the  Republicans  the  Stale  Trea-urer  at,.;  'ijud^- 
"hip<.  the  seventh  ^'oint:  to  the  I>ciiiocra1ic  can- 
didate having  the  highest  number 
jirovidecl   by   the   law   estal'li-hin^   the    COOK  I 
I'.  Smith,  who   n 

-iin-r  \va-  :    lla\  '  .....  •!. 

iJepublica!  .'s','. 

1-1  :     Ik-rry.     IV..liibiti.,i,:  i  v-on. 

Prifnili-t.    7><i-j  :     Anton,  -  i-art\ 

candid 

I'KRSIA.    an   cmj-irc   in   central 
•iinent    i<  un  alisolute  monarct 
the  laws  of  the    Koran,  and    hereditary 
Shiite   .lynasly   of    the    Kajars.       T! 
Shah  is  Nasreddin.  born  Juh  .     W| 

heir  presumptive  is  MuxafTrrcddm.  )>orn  l^^H 
*K. 

The   revenue  for  1895  wa«  esfimaterl  «t  $6,- 
.'WKl.fKMi.     A   debt   «.f    '  l.-rlini:  WH 

tracted  in  1892  to  pay  an  indemnity  f 


nan 


feeceo  rttjir  that  was  farmed  out  to  a  foreign 

SJUMU 

MtiH-ri.  Persia,  an.l  j.o-  «  ,-r  .      • 

iii  army   nuinU-n    'H  7'"'  M  f 
ami  5.UUO  art  i: 

r  nun-  t»    . 


The  importa  are  estimated  at  $38.400,000  a  wer* 

htof  count,     li' 

^V*re  cotton  ma,  paper,  woolen*,  sent  of  Uma  • 

rfrulouin.  sugar,  iron,  copper,  coffee,  and  tea.  set  moat  of  that 

I  •nun.  *ilk.  prarU  and  pear! 
(••la,  dried  fruits,  cotton  fabrics,  rioe, 

To..  tualh 

^^•L  raluM  at  $3.750,000,  sent  to  Kurot*  full  pas* «»iun  of  theeesjteV. 

rmcdirin.-   ami   to  China   f.-r  Mi,okink-.     '1  h,  Maid   •-'.-       -.-'    loWfj       I 

.'-Hit  400,<XN»  , 

'000.000  DOUnds:  of  cotton    lUOOOOtU  ennnltai  tnmm  BMBI  at  tW 

|  .  «.«,       .  U,WV.«P. 

OOposjads,    Theeiports    At  the  end  ol  Jajwenr  thsi 

1  in  value. 

^^K  a  rvpul.i.  Lh   America.    The 

••r  to  rested  in  a  Congreei  consist- 

rninr  ycar«  l.v  in.hn-f!  M.lTra-..  '!!.-  right 
i  nHe  to  restricted  to  male  IVrnviant  twenty* 
It  years  of  a*;**  nhh>  t<»  n-a-1  nn<l  write,  ami 
Kher  taxt«ver»,  nutstrre  of  a  trade.  t»wn«-ni  of 

>liea.    The  Preeident  i*    i 
•  •  rote  of  the  nation  for  four  years,    kilo  on 

-wcr  at  tho  capital  at  the  be-     that  was  svnt  to  basmhard 

-H  whose  election  WM    ANM  of  the 

, 

The 

(ularn  100  car.  IVrola  drew  hto 

i  ariiUerr.  and  2.400  gendarmes.    The  its  seaport,    t 

i  i  of  800  miles,  the  mountain*^  for  thr 


.Uttl  IA  niial«i    in     i>il    r  •«  j.alrt    lO^^^^J * 

*»*••*    Mr  eTwspVKVi    Hi    IsvWeJ    IMP  eB*"T»     »s~si»*^MP~s^swssj    eVssvej 

^ihle  sarkiogof  Iheea^tellsjl  he  f~- 
atheawettec.    In  U»»Uaief  reMafy 


telegraph.  Th.  \  ».r.  t» .»---. 

iaMfJL-The  r.  Ir  derired  and  thr ?  „ 

from  customs.    '1  :*J,000.000,  mandarin 

lofaulted  interest  who 

avc  been  tosue«l.  •»••«  un-i  in  the  rail-  and  « inning  tl 
roads  mines,  guano  deposits,  and  laii'U 
•tens.                          ,in  ('on  m 

.    .I-  I't    UtlK.llll! 

ami  quotetl  at   l«  |-  r  « • 

the  nominal  rain  money  to  no  long-    foowr  to  the  ei 

r.trrnal     li..niu.  pirn  lh» 
U  at  tho  r»u  ,.f  1  ^-1,  f,  r  15  soles  of  paper 

I  War.     WhenPreM  .ude*    aoo~i.  and  lartWr 

in-h   :H.    !-!«!. 
V|je-Pre*i<l«-n'    .'  .         . 

hail 


,K!    held  by  the  rmhrtloaM.  4  the 

ff'Sr  *^*<^«^|<>«|^*<^*-^^ 

lat^iHi  tier*    Dorooewi 


ices  oc-    uary .  aJthoeigh  the 


k.  in  tin-  nrorin 
.  a  rival  n 


•eanwntl 

mpul   hca'ivxay   in  the  north  and  the 


PERU, 


in  Arequipa.  When  the  regular  siege  of 
began,  .-u  1-Vb.  10.  tbi  Government  ir.n.ps 
i  /  •  ,-  nsand  planted  guns,  Theafr 
Urk  was  not  made  till  March  17.  The  revolu- 
tionarv  troops  advanced  simultaneously  in  the 

...     !;i,0(  ft  Nflaj  linaaunoMOTM 
•netrated  to  the  center  <>f  th. 

.  •    in  n  in  I  otber<  ommanding 
piiition*  and  continuing  to  advance  until  a  line 
..      ...   psj   BOOM  !    with    th.-  di\i- 
sfcn  that  enter-  «  the  opposite 

ride.  Another  division  under  Col.  Paul,  out- 
fJM»b«d  the  Cacerist  forces  and  occupied  th.- 
to  won  of  the  Merce  1  church.  I 
riflemen  strongly  posted  at  many  potato  be- 
fore it  was  light  enough  to  see  or  be  scon  by 
the  enemy.  The  battle  in  the  streets  began 
in  the  dark  and  ragvd  till  night  fell.  <>uts,dc 
the  otty  other  Pierolist  forces  engaged  the  troops 
that  held  the  fortified  positions.  The  fighting 
was  resumed  <>u  March  is  at  five  o'clock  in  the 
morning  and  kept  up  till  night,  and  on  March 
19  firing  began  again  at  dawn  and  was  kept  up 
till  noon  in  a  weak  and  desultory  fashion,  for 
the  contending  forces  were  reduced  to  a  fraction 
of  their  original  numbers  and  all  who  were  left 
Jly  e  The  Cacerists  were 

moralized.  for  they  were  fired  upon 
from  their  houses,  partisans  of  Pier- 


who  had  kept  arms  concealed  in  spite  of  po- 
lice searches.  Drunken  and  barbarous  from  the 
first,  and  now  despairing  of  t  he  battle,  they  be- 
gan on  the  third  day  to  Toot  the  stores  and  (dubs 
and  the  houses  of  the  wealthy  into  which  they 
could  force  an  entrance,  The  Government 
forces  still  held  the  plaza,  the  palace,  and  the 
fort  of  Santa  Catalina.  The  Pierolists.  still 
2.000  strong,  were  prepared  to  continue  the 
combat  ana  to  burn  with  ]>etroleum  or  level 
with  dynamite  all  obstacles  to  their  progress. 
The  leaders,  however,  having  already  won  the 
victory,  willingly  agreed  to  an  armistice  of 
twenty-four  hours  when  the  diplomatic  corps 
*  to  prevent  needless  carnage  and  de- 


•traction  and  the  pestilence  that  the  putrefying 
corpses  of  men  and  hones  threatened  to  bYing 
upon  the  city.  Before  the  armistice  expired  a 
peace  was  arranged  through  the  mediation  of 
tbepapal  delegate. 

Tbearticles  were  signed  on  March  21  by  Dr. 
Luis  Felipe  Villa  van,  representing  Oen.  Caoeres, 
and  Knrique  Bostamente  y  Sala/jtr.  in  In-half  of 
Nicolas  Pierola.  the  terms  being  that  Caoeres 
should  resign  the  presidency  and  n-iin-  to  An- 
ooo,  and  Pierola  lay  down  th<-  c.,minaii<l  of  his 
army  and  withdraw  to  Chorillos.  whil. 
visinoal  (},  ,hould  be  formed,  consist- 

teff  of  5  men,  2  to  be  nominated  by  Caceres,  2 
by  PlaroU,  and  the  fifth  selected  by  the  ..th-rs 
ogfa  CMS  of  disagreement,  by  lot.    Th 
•ooml  Ctorernment  was  to  keep  its  powers  no 
than  was  necessary  to  hold   a  general 
•"JlwwMW  install  a  regular  gov.-rnm.-nt. 
Although  the  number  engaged  on  U.tl, 

msd  8^)00.  the  numiMT  "f  in.-n  sl«jn 
f2SP^«d  in  the  two-days'  battle  was 
U5M  were  less  severely  wouinliHl. 
troops  lost  more  than  d.,iii.le 


.      ,  forces  did. 

owfag  to  IbsbostiUty  of  the  people.    In  accord- 


mice  with  the  stipulation  both  unities  withdrew 

fr«>:n    the  .iiiij^    mitsiile.     An 

guard  of  2,000  men  was  01 

"-ed  largely  nf 
I  hr    I    lection    of    I'ierola.         I 

.]...-rd  of  Maim- 

:ii"va.  l.ui-  l-'rli|"-  \"illar.-i 
riiiur    I'.!!-:  if.  and    \. 

Uok     The  military  ranks  p-anie.l  up  i«-  «l 
either  army  were  conlim 
agreement,  lull   the   renr^ani/alinu   . •!'  \\>, 
was  left  t<>  the  cumin. 

•  'I    N>m<-    pay    fr»m    m.>i. 

i    to  (lie    I'  I   ('ifivrrnmcnt    i 

1 

not  p>  t«i  i :  iied   to  him.  l>n 

refuge  «'ii  a  l-'rcneh  wnr  voscl  at  Call.. 
was  afterward  ci.uvcyed  away  by  a  l'.riti>l. 
of -war.  The  political  pri^-ners  that  were  starv- 
ing in  the  iails  of  Lima  and  <  'allao  were  n 
iiniiH-iliatcly.  The  authorities  took  JM.- 
of  all  arms  ami  ammunition.  In  ilieM.ut1 

•i   t  In-   di>t  riet    of  ( 'ii/co.  and   tin-  ( 
commanders  at  Pix-o  and  other  places  still  rs- 
fused  to  recogni/e  the  Pn»vi>i«>nal  <;«. \.-rnment, 
luit  they  mailo  their  sul»mi»ii'ii  IM-I. 
passed   by.      <J--n.   Ma-.  \\h->    had    'J.'MH)    in 

•d   defiant   until    alter  (Jen.    Pirn.!.-, 
landed   at    Molleiido  with   artillery  ami  cavalry 
for  the  purpose  of  cha-tisini:  him.  had  a 
battle  with  him  for  the  posses-ion   of  • 
Import  duties  on  iron,  coal,  and  machim  i 
export    duties   on   cotton,  India    rubber,  pitch, 
hides  cotton  seed,  sugar,  and  tobacco,  which  tin- 
('a'.rist    Government    had    in 
pealed. 

Klections  took  place  on  July  7.  but 
j.-ctcd  on  account  of  some  irre^ulari1 
ones  were  held  on  July  'J«».  wh»-n  tin   -at 
didates  were    re-elected, 
elected    President    without     opp.^ition    f 
t.-rm    ending   Aug.    1'J.    ls!»i».      Th- 
Presidents  are  Guillermo  Hillin^lmr^t  and  Au- 
gusto  Seminario  y  Vaeoones,    The  n.w  (. 
ment  had  to  rend- i   -ati-faction  for  the  arrest, 
by  Caceres,  of  a  British  vic.-con-nl  who  w.ul.l 
not  subscrilx'  to  a  forced  loan,  and  to  tl 
man  and  Spanish  governments  for  Hinil, 
rages  committed  upon  their  subject <  by  (Jen. 

D  Cn/co.     While  tlie    Pr«'vi-i..i'al  (iove» 
ment   was    still    in    authority    some    American 
Protestant  missionaries  went'  to  Cu/co.  caoajH 
great    «-xcitement    and    indi-nat  i-.n   am«-: 
people,  and  the  local  authorities  finally  *  xpedH 
them  in  spite  of  the  decision  of   Minister  Can- 
damo   that    Protestant    worsln;  >teo!V 

and  that   they  had  ennal   ri-hts  with  ( 'a: 

Bolivia  demanded  that  her  tla-  be  saluted  fora 
violation  of  her  territory  during  the  H-. 

but  the  Peruvians  resented  this  demand  and  the 

Miient    tempoH/ed    and   finall\ 
submit  the  question  to  the  arbitration  •  ' 
other  American 

President     Pierohi   was   Inaugurated   dn 
Aug.  I'J.  and  nn  Sept.  !i.  after  the  ass«-mh 

w  Congress,  wliich  met  on  Any 
pointed   the    following  Cabinet :     Premier   and 
Minister  of  the-  Interior.  Antonio  Bentin:  Min- 
•-f   Finance.    |  .  J'.r.  ,;ini  ;   Minister  of  Fir 
lieliton   Porras;  Minister  of  Jus- 
tice and  Worship,  A.  Albarracin  :  Mini-1 


I'HY.sK  S, 


IN 


\Vv  M    :   V 


••«!,  CM'ttllMMwd    a*    ft. 

r  of  Jurtirr,  Srft,,r  Ham 
Ufti  AIT* 


01          IN 

•    l«)  think* 
II  thr  Iliolrt  ill'—    <>f 
III    aflr. 

•hat   onlv  aft«-r 

'ion  become  appreciable;  whilr 
jw-l    |ir»ni|ttly   niul    ••!»> 

n  or  radiation. 

lange  of  energy  with  th«*  riternal  or 

rrady  ainl 

1  he  same  molecule*  ma)  i 
change  energy  promptly  and  q 

y  radiation.    The  author  n.l.h 

•r  the  most  part  asMM-iatr«l  with 

of  motions,  appear  to  be  primartlr 

an.l  in  afl 

•  it i. .n.    Sutherland  r  I'hil- 
Jfagmxine."  January),  in  an  arti 
rf  moletMtlat  rnonstraten  that 

•km  MI'/,  uhirh  <*cur*  in  the  tn-at- 
leattra  lolecules,  can  Iw 

laWMteriat  !'•  "f  t  in-  atom  oonpojlBJ 

1<I  anal\ze  mo- 

oatoinir  attnirti"ii.      I'.,  lu-f  n  jnnlint; 

-lecular  structure,  with  time  in 

lids  has  caused  some   people  to  fear 

ermanent  standard  of  m  be 

Rogers  (American  Association,  IHOfi). 

tiioarisons  that  extend  ov«-r  flrr 

chsdat  that  such  fears  are  not  wall 

ilea.     jtasotelsfMss    of   Rotation.- 

^«•en  the  rvlati%- 

•nin-lat  ii-ii  ami   tho  altM>Iutr- 

ireenhill  in  r.  15.  1WM, 

the  cause  of  wide  discusrion  among 
icians  and  |.h>-i,-i-.t-.  fr.-m   «! 
at  many   in.-  »tiMilrr  that  ro* 

'inflation  b  only  relatlvv, 
in   (Wieilemann's   "  Annalen." 

f  thr   Pn 

,**  states  thai  the  two  views  of  energy 
n*macTare  that 

M  a  mathematical  abstraction 
•onsiders   it  to  be  a 
jratir 

•hat   --.Hii-'i.iv^   may 
fS*anr  that  un- 


i  Mrtvcf  fiMSMlUi     H? 

*  ' 


M  which  are  the  small  ml- 

walls  of  a   t ul--     '   foros 

::al  «r- 

H  at  iht 


,". ',  ••:'        -    x.    .. .  .  . 

«ff^  •  liairtJ  eaWi 

'.r    ,<h*f.  b»    I**    IH! 

iMlUUoajioliW  i  ill   ill       W^4 


Aftaro  or 

riod.  b 

psndolum*  tmd  to  awv*  ha*  A  ngai 

with  c.m«caot  trnsion  of  tnt i  ad. 


t  an(i~  to  thr 


SSS^ttS 


Mfl 


liquid  by  observing  theNewton's  rin^ 
form  between  is 

•••tOTii  ttr  -:"|-'"r  *"'1  Kaisers  experiments 

•how  that  it  does  so  by  increasing  the  prowuro 

oo  ij,,.  .me  air.   forcing  it  out   at  the 

|tfltf     \Vjih  the  turn-  that  he  investigated  fu- 

don  took  place  in  8-$  second- with  n<>  potential 

Iflbranca.  in  1*4  second  with  ..m-  Daniell  cell. 

,0-4  second  «nh  -'.    With  ..,..,-,-  celK  fu- 

4oa  took  place  instantly  and  the  Him-  usually 

bant.    MSS**  \.-ad.-mv   i 

...      r  thei       all.  •!  Bn.wnian 
mflfrffl^nt  of  small]  in  a  liquid,  eon- 

cladc*  thut  it  i«  a  capillary  |.h.-j|,.ui.  n-n.  <J. 
Oajneke  (Wfademnnn'-  "  Annalen. "  December. 
Wf)  calls  attention  »,,  the  fart  that  the  forms 

Masuned  by  combinations  of  alkali.--  with  oi.-ir 

•rought  in1  '•  Imvr 

a  rrmarkable analogy  with  tin-  configuration  of 
various  small  portions  of  thr  st.-lhir  universe, 
such  as  por  --•,  and  Coma  Be- 

Cnttrol  Jfein/.— Pictet   (Berlin   Physical  So- 
..f  thr  ..pinion  that  -ub-ian.-rs 
most  Still  IK-  in   tin-  fluid   state  at   the  critical 
i.iiint  of  heat  that    must  be   put 
•»<•  substance,  reckoning  from  absohr 
b  less  than  the  latent  heat  of  the  liquid,  and 
solid  bodies  do  not  separate  from  solution  at  the 
critical  temperature,  but  do  so  on  a  furth- 
of  temiKTa' 
Evaporation.- Lehfeldt  r  Philosophical  I 

November)  has  deduced  from  thcrmody- 
naraic  considerations  a  formula  rrpr.-s.-nt  in-  t  be 
relation  between  the  composition  of  a  mixed 
li  juid  and  that  of  the  vapor  that  rises  from  it. 
nnula  agrees  reasonably  well  with  oxperi- 
i  hough  new  data  seem  to  be  needed. 
CbrtMM/Mm.- Wilson    (Cambridge     Pl.ilo- 
.    -    ,--..   M  ,.   i.:    fadi  thai   in  dost- 
frae  air  there  u  still  condensation  into  a  cloud 
of  fine  drops  after  th-  u  exceeds  a  cer- 

tain critical  amount,  which  point  remains  con- 
stant, no  matter  how  many  expansions  are 
made.  The  ratio  of  final  (./initial  volume  at 
this  critical  expansion  i-  l-2-V<.  when  the  initial 
temperature  is  16'?  ('.,  corresponding  to  a  fall 

ure  of  86°. 

Solution.—  hinder  and  I'  "hided  sev- 

eral years  ago  that  there  is  n<>  definite  line  to  be 
drawn  between  •aspen -ion  and  |>crfcct  solution. 
the  difference  being  only  one  of  degree  of  aggre- 
catiofu  They  have  now' r' Journal  of  th.-  < 
teal  Society.''  February)  strengthened  their  <  on- 
dsMion  I. y  finding  tha- 

•msjtuut  oxide  solution  with  hydrogen-sulphide 
water  is  not  only  diffu-il.;. 
through  a  porous  pot    Pour  grades  of  such 

--  ..r  *,lulions  have  thus  bec-i, 
rf  which  the  first  contains  aggregates  t  hir 
»*  »^«  under  the  microscope,  the  second  i-  in- 
fWWe  but  not  d.ff.  -Inrd    difTu-il.le 

fcjt  not  filterable, and  thr  fourtti  »»,th  diff.i-i- 
JJr«Jlfll!7»^  tboogh  it  scatters  and  p.,i«r- 
**•]»«•  ^1  de  BoUUudr  \  ,ade- 

isMasms belong  io  a  ierie». of  which 

b»r.  at  one  end  may  dilate  on  solution 

mS&FflX**?  rn"r 

-BullHin  de  TAcatlemie  Royale  de  Belu 

No.  6)  finds  that  the  critical  temperature  of  so- 


PHYSIC'S,  PROGRESS  OF,  IN  1805. 


Itition  is  iinle|»endent   of  the  amount   of  either 
body  present.     1  ;m-h  from  mn 

•ii.-r.  but    is  cmiMaiit    for  the  same  Ixxiy, 
and  for  a  mixture  is  .-cn»il»ly  .'(jual  t<>  the  ariih- 
inetieal  mean  <-f  th..s,.  ,,f  the  c.,n-«l  itueiits.     Tho 
surface  ten-i<>n  of  the  lower  of  t\\o  liijiiid-  ' 
at  this  temperature  and  the  M 
(ion  men is< -iw  becomes  a  plane,  hence  thr  tnii- 
|H-ratir  e     <1.  t.-niinir.l     l.y    n 

:.     Arctowski  til'id.i.  l>\  delerminin; 
sulubility    at     very    low    temperatures    of 
organi     compounds  in  carbon  disulphide.  li; 
that  the  point  of  fusion  of  the  s..|\. -nt   a| 
not    to   he  an    essential    point    on   the    cut 
solubilities,  as  supp<  ird. 

Cry*talli  -/'-.,.     I. [do  Hoisbnudrnn(Parii 

•ny  of  Science.  April   'J'Ji  -h"\\s  th.-r 
tals  may  form  at    the  bottom   of  a  solut; 

jH-cific    gravity   than    theinsi  1 
action  depending  on    small   variations  oi 
perature.     Haudro\v-ki   (•• /eitsehrift    fi'jrph\-i- 
kali-chr   Cliemie."    Nov.-mbi-r.   1 
inrd    thr   lii^lit    that    certain    salt-   emit    during 
cry-talli/atioii.an<l  conclude-  that  it  i-  pr 
electrical,  being  due  to  the  union  of  elect rifl 
ions. 

i.ascs.    /,  ..  —  A  hvgrometerbaf 

a  new  i»rincipie  i-  su^r-ted  l.y  I  >r.  .1.  \'«  i 
felt  ("  Bulletin  of  the  Belgian  Royal  Acadi 

!•  ami   K».     The  hygrometrie  state  of  • 
atnio-plirre   may  be  taken   a-   the    ratio   of  tho 
vapor  tension  inside  a  solution  to   the  1 
pos-ihle  vapor  tension  of  water  at  the  sam 
sion.  when  tin-  solution    is  neither 
nor  condensing  water  from  the  air.     'I  i, 
moistening  a  weighed   piece  of  blotting  . 
with  a  weighed  <|uantity  of  a  solut io.>. 
of  known  concentration". exposing  to  the  air. and 
weighing    au'ain.    the    "  e<|iiilibrium    con' 
tion."  and   hence  the  humidity,  may  IK-  • 
lated. 

Socjrtv.    I-'rb.   7)  has    attempted    to   -!i«w    that 
Maxwell's  theorem  of  the    eijiial    part  it  i 
energy  among  the  d  freedom  - 

ally  lield.  incoi, 

with  the  various  internal   movements  in>i 
by  gaseous  speet  ra.     This  is  ,lu,.  t,,  the  c 
exercised  over  the   motion   of  the  elect  ron- 
n.-i-hboring  at«.ms  by  the  intervening  ether, 
that   if,  sav,  10*  atoms  are  thus  conn.  . 
motions  of  their  miirht  be  ddii 

'8  co-ordinat.-s.  aii'l  "if  thr  atoms  wen 
there  would  be  BxlO1  degrees  of  fn-rdon 
fial    di-lim-  the   motion    ol 

•  •li-ctP   :  .    if    the    total    eneriry   bi-    C(| 

ilistributed  among  all  the-r  dr^r.'r-  of  ' 
each  atom  will  have  only  its  share  of  th- 
tro-iiiotion-.  ;u,,i  ,;,1   motion 

will  only  be  dimini-!. 
to  th<  of  the   intrrnal   motion 

ns."     "ur  c;,loriiiH'tric    ineth.  f] 
sufllcirntly  delic.-ii,-  to  d«-trct   this  rlimiii 
Liveing  and  !><-war  (Paris  Academy 
July  l.'n  find  that  oUrrvat ion   of  th- 
liqtiidnirand  oxy^.-n  do  not  bear  out  th«-  : 
that    the   increase  of  intensity  of  the   bai 
the  square  of  th<-  density  of  oxygen  i-  d 
the  «-ncounters  of  molecules   "f  ordinary 
which  are  more  frequent  as  tlu-ir  free  \ 
diminishvd.     Mixtures  of  liquid  air  and  • 


.. .    . 


1  1IY8IC8,  PROGRESS  Ol 

mflrm  the  law  of  iti.-rease  at  low  tcmperaturea. 

lH|Ul.l    a.. 

'   "  I  centimetre  of  liquid  oxygen 
i  .as  been  noticed  several  time* 

uarbon  dioxide  make*  it  more  rbooua, 


.- 


In 


^•b  nature  of  these  tone*. 

risunator  was  a  tunii  .  •«  riliratio 

MM  int.  rfcrenti 
l»r.  Ilurton.  nt  tl,, 

.•i,t.  with  two  organ  pipe*,    lea,"  July)  tad*  tbal 

•  iij_ 

!.c  r.  hit  iv«.  distance  of  1 1,,-  j.i|>es,  the  ob» 
itn«>  di-tance — a  fact 
.uea  for  the  objectivity  of  th<-  tone*. 
.porieoM  of  Fork*.— Ilallock   (An*. 
IJHM!  a  photo^. 
tin'  |»iti-h  of  tu 

npingeacii  n»  a  manoroetne  cap- 

.  1'hotomphinc  tin-  flames,  and 
tarn  <  :iumU-r./ 


• 

I  tbeia^ 
and  flnds  _ 
dfle  beats* 
prraturr.  wbea  Ik 

fli-ali*>ii  t"     , 
their  melting 


x-ience,  Aug.  5)  flnds  that  tin- 1 

.•»  always    a«x-oiiipai  1    \i- 

'n. il  \il>ration  i-  fin  plicated 
.it  al-.  l.y  tin-  UMial  want 
:ilTB  about  ' 

l»hilono|»h- 
^^KpUi'  U-r.    has  deviurt]    a 

M«tant  teronrra* 
of  the  h«-at.-.: 
•  •ad  of  all 

that 
ili.-  ra.liat.  n  t-rror  and  elimi- 

•  I  in  from  an  .:.•••  rtod  copper 

•  r    l--lh- 
^^Httd  tbesaine  initial  t<-ni|>c-raturr  the  spe- 

^•i  water  necewnr 

ild.    and    Lanpbear 

l -(WO  at  i:i  . 

'  »rtn<«  rni  -i:i   top 

'^  affected  by  nome  «n«li--^ '\rretl  *»orre 

.t»a  ma»i- 

n  — 14    and    - 

April  $S)  baa  measured  the  specific  heat  of 


«§•!«•  fM«  WWW.— —.-».       •••       •«*•«•       \+~^* 

Society.  Jan.  II)  tat*  tbal.r^ur»ri  u>ia»  «MM| 

/      .       1         \^^~m^^     *m&     .  <  .    *^     fl^^amA^aiMaftJ  ava^Bk 

IOr    1    «MpIW   01   VWB  VI    W^I^WWB^*^    »•  ^^ 

(Miami  t -       '  •      •• 

w^mBM^fl   •a^lsBaf^Allv  e-effl  fl^m^    ^^Mf^    a^f    I^M    ^a^^a^^^^*^**f 


.  mi  r  AaaaW  4»  Cb^et  *  fay 


4Mbs*tbe 


^MtUtaMlh 

Ix^lJ^iift^ 


660 


PHYSICS,  PROGIU>s   OP,  IN    1895. 


Uriialion  for  quart*.  Iceland  *par.  and  tourma- 

rnntrataaion  curve*  of  the  ordinary 

Mid  extraonlmarv  ray*  were  entirely  different  >» 

.,..•*,  i  he  difference  being especially  marked 

with  l.-.-land  *|»ar. 

if  lion. — Sir  John  ( 

determined  the  reft 
Dperature*  between  " 
.tii.l  fliuU  thnt  th.-  index  increases  con- 
Unuou«iy  up  to  the  fretting  |*'tnt.  while  thr  rate 

>.-a--  alter*  at  alMiui   ; 
mum  dcii-ity.  and  thnt   no  formula  that 

....   v;.-n    .4-    ;i    fun.-ti..n  -f    till-  d.-n-ity 

.  •  ..     ,  ,      •„      •     .  .  \;  •   --••..   :.i  •-. 

PkoiomtJry.— Kurlhaiim  and  Lomtner (Berlin 

*]  Society)  have  made  a  deterralwwoo  of 

th.-'uni;  <>f  Uffal  that  is  baaed  on  the  luht  rmit- 

tcd  by  white-hot    platinum   foil.     To  keep  the 

temperature  constant  for  a  Ion-  period  and  t..  be 

•ble  to  rvcsteblish  it  at  anv  time  tin-  ratio  of  the 

total  radiant  energy  from  tbt  foil  to  that  tran- 

i  I iy  a  medium  was  measured  bolomei  ric- 

ally.     Th.-  medium  chosen  was  a  thin  layer  of 

water  in  a  quartz  cell.     Tl  n< .tinted  to 

.  ami  were  due  chiefly  to  air  currents 

on  the  surface  of  t  ho  foil. 

Sp*)tro*oopy.— Wadsworth  ("Astronomy  and 
Astro-physics,"  December,  1894)  has  devised  a 
way  of  rotating  the  prism  of  a  spectroscope,  wh« -re 
movement  of  the  collimator  «.r  of  the  ..!.<.  r\  in- 
telescope  is  objectionable,  in  such  way  as  to  re- 
tain minimum  deviation  for  the  central  ray  in  t  he 
n.  1  I.  A  mirror  having  an  angular  mot  ion  equal 
.  _  .uvular  motion  of  the 
nuniiniiin-deviatjon  rav  is  introduced  somewhere 
between  the  slit  and  the  focal  plane  of  the  ob- 
serving lens.  In  the  spectro-bolomet.  r  it  i-  in 
continuation  of  the  back  face  of  the  |  irism.  Lang- 
i  a  paper  on  M  Recent  Researches  in  the 
Infra-red  S|»ectrum  M  (British  Association,  1894), 
reviews  the  work  now  in  impress  at  the  Sin  it  h- 
nonian  Institution  in  thi-«iirreti..ii.«".|MM-ially  the 
combination  by  composite  photography  of  sev- 
eral linear  representatives  of  the  spectrum  to 
form  a  single  one,  on  which  "  we  may  expect  to 
find  only  what  is  permanent  and  not  what  is  ac- 
cidental'." He  concludes  that  more  than  2.000 
line*  will  thus  be  mapped  in  the  infra-re- i 
tram.  Kdler  and  Valenta  (Vienna  Academy  of 
Sciences),  in  a  paper  summarized  in  "  The  Astro- 
physic»J  Journal,"  May.  have  discovered  two  new 
of  mercury,  obtained  by  passing  an  elec- 


tric spark  through  mercury  vapor  that  is 
at  low 


low  pressure  through  a  capillary  tut 
number  of  Ix»yden  jars  are  in  circuit,  tho 
sharp  lines  : 


ing  at 

a  large 

•wctrura  has  a  great  number  "f  One,  shar 

if  not,  it  becomes  a  series  of  bands  with 

Umanl  the  red.  The  band  spectrum 

to  *  slightly  lower  temperature  than  the  line 

Jiotiure.    <ialr  "Annalen," 

Htjptembsr)  constdcm  t  tr  theory  of  the 

>r<oMenin§  of  spectrum  lines  superior  to 

2*poppfc«i"§  principle,  on  KirchhofTs  law, 
damping  »inoi.  it  admits  of  a  deTelopmenl 
*>o  the  theory  of  molecular  resonators. 
brr*d,.ninjr  i*  A  consequence.  ar< 
Aibrtu 


bromine,  chlorine,  sulphur,  selenium,  iin.l   ar- 

-«  me  all  ^lo\v  l»y  external  heating,  ''lit  1:1  \ 

t  inuout  sjien  ra.      h.-n-M-  soiliuin  vaporaets  in  tin- 

same  way,  l>ut  on  a  r.-.lui-tion  of  <l.-i. 

a  discontinuous  s|N>etrum.     Tin   .A;.,  nm, 

>aii-lie.l  that  li^  pn-caution>  prei-lude.l   li 

siliility  of  jiny  «-hemical  acli«.n.  «...  that    th- 

t  rum  was  due  t«>  t  ru.-  .-xternal  heal  : 

ungbt»richl 

ile  method  of  olitainiiiL'  li^'hi-  of  di:1 


Fh*'  th^.ry  exnlains  the  unsymrnet- 
m*l«-ninff  and  the  influence  of  tempera- 

phical 
-,"  May)  finds  that  the  vapors  of  iodine, 


in   iH.lariii. 
liu'lit   tlirough  absorption  cell 
suiting   li^nt.  though   not  actually 

.gives  a  uniform  tint   in  the  li.  M 

iNilarillieter    if    the     rotation     l»e     |e»    lli;. 

' 

(  »••«..  IMTI  ha-  investigated  the  p..lari/at  i.-n  «.f  tho 
liu'ht   emitt.-d   l.y  in«-an«l.-x,-(-n:    l»..di.->.  and  lin<ls 
that  it  is  a  minimum  with  ray-  ••mil  t.-d  n 
loth.-  surface  and  a  maximum   with  a  Lf 
emi--  ion.  which  indicates  thai  tin-  vji 
in  a  plane  at   right_  angles  to  the  emittii 
face.     In  the  following  i^ur  he  studies  the  pln- 
noinena  «jualitatively  and  finds  a  striking 

Iliellt    between    the    IliraMireil    aillollli! 

/at  ion  at  dilTerent  angles  of  emergemv  an 

calculated  from  < 

lle<  tion  on  the  assumption  that   the  ; 

i-  due  to  the  refraction  of  rays  connn_ 

the  interior  on  nnerirciice.     'I'h.-  a^reemi-nt    is 

es|.ecially   good    in    the    ca-e   of    molten    -il\er. 

The  fluorescenl  light  developed  at  tl.> 

ura'iium  glass  is  polar  i/.ed  in  much  1  1; 

and  the  fart  i»  explained  similarly  by  the  author. 

I'ljanin  (Berlin   Physical  Society.  March 

:irated  t  he  polarization  that  isdue  toolili.jiie 
radiation  from  silver,  platinum,  and  black 
and  finds  that  curves  arrived  at  bya^umii 
the  radiation  of  the  substance  is'dctcnnii 
its  refraction  correspond  well  with  those  ol 
by  direct  experiment,  especially  in  the  case  of 
silver. 

/{'•tun/    /'n/arization.  —  Rodger   and    \\ 
(London  Royal  Society,  Jun.  J(h  ha\.-  att- 
to  determine  in  absolute  measure  th*    m 
rotation   of   li«jui<ls  at   dilTerent    tempi-r. 
the  effect  of  the  chemical  nature  ..f  the  li.juid 
on  this  pro|>erty.  and  its  correlation  will 
|i|iysj<-;ii    properties.    They  conclude   that    the 
u-ual  measure  of  the  molecular  rotation,  which 
involves  the  properties  of  water,  is  particularly 
ill  suited  for  the  purposes  to  which  il 
since  the  behavior  in  water  is  except  i«i 
its  rotation  is  small.     In  all  of  the  10  liquitls 
that    they  examined,  except    water,   th- 
tion  between  rotation  and  tern]" 
and  the  quotient   of  the  rotation  by  the  d 
diminishes  with  increase  of  temperature.     Siert- 
o'-rua    (Amsterdam    Aca«lemy  of    Sci< 
current*,  of  :;.")  to  65  amperes,  ha-  b'-«-n 
obtain  in  oxygen  a  ma-netic  n.tary  di-p 
of  8°  to  4°.     A  series  of  measuremei.- 
made  on  atmo-pheric  air  and  values  for  nil 
were  deduced  therefrom. 

-K.  Wiedemann  and  Schmidt 
fWiedemann's  "  Annalen,"  April)  dr 
portant  distinction  between   physical  and 
leal  luminescence.     When  there  is  a  pr< 
afterglow  the  phenomenon  i-  probably  ch- 
Luminescence  under  cathode  rays  is  always  ac- 


PHYSICS,  PROGRESS  OP.  IX   im. 


•;•,:'.•.;•...,• 
,-r   of   what    Vtti.'t    Ji 

U*"   Of   manful.™-    ftulphatr    II.  other  »ul- 

.    Tb«  lower  the  tenter* 

t.     Th.    -i-i-trum   U 

MUM  oae  composed  or  one  t«uxl. 

tiOfSSOence  at   very  low  tnnj-  ratur. 
fcat  it 
|t  *  phosphorescing  »ul«tattrv  cooled  below 

ill*-  (•  mperature  n*r»  above 


..him- 

gives  less  heat  with  th, 
r  other  known  means;  yet  tht 
cd  per  candle  |x>wer  b  gl 

ksterdain 
lokootc,   Ma>    M)   h. 

(lax  and  h«-mp  flU-r*  that 
il  with  r..ni;o  r.-.i,  benso  • 
other  tetra/ii  d>i->mn-  that  are 
|  cotton,  whereas  with  naphthol 
N  Hariat,  tad  aimilai  .!>:  •  .:' 

ni.l.-x   am!    n.-i    BZplI  -«'    .     i  ••    | 

b&Htioa  ..f  ordinan  aj  nntf  • 

IH.II  !ir.-  a>  follow,  hi  (t-       '  :•        ' 

of  becoming  di 

of 


a   photo- 
act  ion  of  a  Ha- 


-ilk,  straw,  cotton. 

u  Physical 

Sorirtr,  May  10)  hnvi-  in v.-st igatitl  thedistribu* 

:--.  truii.  of  flames.    In  a 

f  the  extreme  red  was 

tnor«»  than  a  thofjajsjd  t  tinea  as  great 

•Sthn'  I  hr  IlK'ht  fp.ni    a  rlolldlsSJ 

sky  hail   K"  ~v  at    the  blue  end,  while 

that  from  u  \  m-arly  evenly 

a  maximum  at  the  and- 
•odes  of  Kroner*  \il.ra- 
been  generally  ;  rove    that    Kramers 

«»  the  pholocr 
I  be  greatest  at  tin-  platw  wh«rr  the  n».r»- 

Urmor 

1  '»1«1-,  on  th<*  contrary,  that 
!<  no  reason  for  nuppofjbM  that  th«-  ariko 

M 

'•vtric  the- 
«  liirh  t.-n.: 
the  constituents  of  a  molecuK .  arc 


a*  la 


^   the  «ii_.  ^», 
M*|4ttnmuii  of 

tfl*M9    %  I LsffMl  a«  atft     • 

'..«Mlr  ..Ik  tUrt ^Ibc' 

rj:ffl..BM-M— *.*-,-». 


of  vMUtuy.  find*  ilMt  a  «•«  ti 
•    unison 


. 

;: 

^ 

l^frsydfcjSTaVllsh    TW  b****,  W  law 
iH**»**~J    ft*   w*»» 

kMMtW*    «>f    llkdi  •^•4-«A*l^4M^    l^k«    fc^    Mi_A__i~_~i 

•bescralofY  Mar  P»r*  *  IW 
of  the  IftUrwMfeMl  torn*  «tfW< 

rnt  ilitinalaahnaw.  sjm  sj  la»  awaiiatiai  'f  n . 

t 

t,'  i.  ,.f  ,j 

nearly  I  par!  in  tjMOUWr 

IrtstMtfaMlt  *•*•*»« 


•  ^^  ^M^b  c^  ia^  tf^t^A  ^^^^  ^^^e 
t^v  ^v^  «v  t^v  n«w  ^^M^^^ 


* 

is  jrim  by  twtiw  iW  ntfa.  W  ia» 
•rnnt  that  «•  be  AnsisisHy  sjsasja 

•viav*  w*^   «ft^r4  i 

*       ^^^•^"•»       w^»^ 

KM  ^^MM«M|  te  a^«»v«l«  ft««» 

sow  ivaOTavi^  «••  ^w  w^^^^w^ 

•w^^L^»*l  i     IBM  Mi^^fv  s^Mi  W  lav  a^a^^MBSM 

1 

*^^ _A— -»  a^«  ^*a^^  A  aw«  BkttlM^  «f  awwae> 
tBPtotwri  na»  « 

wtla  sjsj  e%Ww.  »aj» 

t  losis  IBswVMV  aw  sjp  is)  • 


r.,u.l      K-r  .n^rksja^Wlr^^s^tr.WiW. 
fooad  U»  ivMaww  ta»b»|jpnMM«i»jaj4«w 


651 


PHYSICS,  PROGRESS  OF,  IN   1895. 


Sanf.mlr  PhjrsioU  Review.  NovemWr  and  Iv- 
cwnber)  has  extended  his  former  obeei 
U»  dependence  of  nwHlancc  Upon  t  In-  surround- 
ktff  dielectric,  which  have  been  severe!  v  criti- 
3d  (-Annual  C'yclopwdia,"  1808.  p.  tWl.  atul 
vi'  •  •  ,  •,  suits  have  !•••«-. ntly 

been  vrriftVd  qunliutivrly  by  (irimaldi  and  Ca- 
tania '  ;  ''  r"l- 
per  wirtv  »h  "  ihnt  the  amount  i>f  clump 

.  a  ri  :.•  Mmpfei  <>f  wire, 

butUoonM.v:   in  dilMtkmte  the  same  mate- 
rial   Thus  the  resistance  of  copper  was  less  in 
prtrtilriitii  thnn   in   mr.  while  (hat  <>f  >ih 
bii  in  air.    Tl»  beht>TWof  acopper-pUted  >il- 
Ver  wirr  wa*alm«-t   identical  with  that  <>f  pure 

\inerican  Academx 

periroenU  on  the  resistance  of  poor  oondu 
•oca  M  different  kinds  of  wood  and  stone,  ob- 
tained the  following  result*  in  megohms : 


MATERIAL. 


i:  , 

u      : 

Vi 


810 

17 

860 

8 

184 


610 
IftK 

"5 

280 


The  wood  was  all  well  seasoned  and  the  resist- 
ance was  measured  with  the  grain.     Across  the 
grain  it  was  20  to  50  per  cent,  higher.    The 
•tone  was  sun  dried  f-.r  three  weeks  before  test- 
ing.   Gin  and  1/elcux  (Paris  Academy  of  Sci- 
ences, April  29)  find  that  the  resistance  of  sac- 
charine solutions  depends  on  the  concentration 
and  temperature,  and  is  also  a  function  of  the 
v.      |;.  C,,l.M,n  (Paris  Academy  ..f 
•liat  ohm'-,  law  do,-  not  hold   in 
'  the  propagation  of  waves  of  hi^h  j>o- 
...  as  from  the  secondary  of  an  induction 
coil,  in  high  resistances,  such  a-  threads  satu- 
rated with  a  solution  of  calcium  chloride  or  cap- 
illary tubes  filled  with  water.     Tuma  r  Wiener 
Berfchte,"  June  14)  has  determined  the 
•nee of  copper.  German  silver,  nickel,  and  iron 
wires  for  om-illatin- currents.    The  results  agree 
•Mill   the  formulas  obtained  by 
Stefan,  and  for  alternating  currents  of  high  fre- 
quency  the  agreement  was  more  complete  for 
nonmafnetiiahle  conductors. 

the  variability  of    the 


wire 


nders  calculation  illusionary.    With  iron 

".•     f-i-t:in.-e    de<TeH-cd    as 


the   current 
ftrnigtn  increased.    J.  W.  Rodger  .1 
"tabu  8,   18H  the    experiments  of 

Kohlratm»h  and  i  r  ..n  the  electric  con- 

•f  pun-  water,  a  constant  for  which 
widely  different  values  hare  been  found. 
measured  at  IT  the  temperature  rat' 
•r* •trie*  of  samples  of  water  of  differer- 
•KM*  of  purity  and  aluo  the  condu. -tivity  of  two 
•Mpks  of  very  pare  water  at  — fl  .    As- 

unjf  that  the  obsenred  .-..ndurtivity  was  re- 
thatof  pure  water  and    a  di- 
«1  invpunt  r.  thoy  made  use  of  t  IH 

fvAner  *t  18   to  obtain  tlie  conductivity 
<  Jv  rurv  water,  which  they  find 
19  .    Tk*  smallest  ralue  actuallv  <.li- 

'hat  the  almost  infi 

»*^  I  impurity  present  changed  the 

by  abr«it  10  per  cent.     Warbruu' 
*  Annalen,"  March) is  of  the  opin- 


ion  that    the  alteration   of  conduct  ivity  that    is 
prod  1  1  .-leetric  current    in  aniline  and 

similar  Indies,  and   the  cniiveetinn  phen. 
that   thev  exhiliit,  may  all  !•«•  explained  1 

•   them   I"    '  :  lute  >olir 

iyte.     The  similar  ln-ha\  . 
/.ol.  I  urp«  n!  Hi'  .  etc.,  i-  pi"l>al>l\  due  : 

irnal  '!••  iMiy-sique."    ' 

in   inve>ti^ati<.n's  on   the   inlluem-e  of  m.i 
lields,,n  electrical  re«.i^tam  •«•.  find-  that  il 

c   in   the  iv-i-iance  of    l.^muih  ol. 

withoonttaat  or  alternating  (in  i  vnt-  i-  n, 

aide  ..ui-ide  a  magnetic  field  with  a  fiv.ju, 
80  a  second,  and  can   IM-  deteeted   in   mn 


with  a  fre«|iiem-y  of  only  :'.  ..r  t.        i 
ference  depend*  on  the  frequency,  and  \\ 
a  Held  increases  with  the  frequen.  \.     Itismuih  in 
strong  magnetic  field-.  .IT.-I->  to  an  inci 
rent  a  greater  resi-t  a  nee.  and  \«  a  decrea*ii. 
.  less  resistance  thai  i  that  for  >t.-a«l\  cm 
Thediflferenceof  then 
decreasing  currents  increases  with  the  i 
change  in   the  strenu'th.  and   tlii*  .i 
more   marked    with   strong  rurreiits   than    with 

•  >ties       The    results  call   II"!    lie  due  ' 

induction,  or  they  would  occur  outside  a  mag- 
netic field.     Printfsheim  (IJerlin  I'hy-ical  .^ 
April  26).  from  experiments  on  tin'  cMndu 
of  heated  gases,  finds  that  the  farther  apart  the 
electrodes  the  less  the  current,  while  with  con- 
.-taut   di-iance   the   current   decreases  \\iih  the 
time.     Polarization  was  quite  percept  il»lc  for  a 
half  hour  after  breaking  the  current.     11 
eludes    that     the     phenomenon     i>    elect: 
Viiieentini  and  Cinelli  (••  Nuovo  Ciment.  . 
\\.\VI.  No.  3)  have  experimented  on  ih. 

i-icity  through  th«-  L'a-  Mirround- 
inga  wire  made  red  hot  l»y  an  electric  n, 

-nits  depend  on  the  ffas  and  show,  in  the 
opinion  of  the  authors,  that  in  the  en 
gen  the  gaseous  molecules  that  leave  t  he 
of  an  incandescent  platinum  wire  are  po- 
electrified,  their  potential   In-ini;  alioiit  0  . 
higher    than    the    mean    potential   of    ih- 
With  air  and  carl  >on  dioxide  the  excess  i 
greater,  being  al«.  ut  1  volt.     With  h\dr<  ... 
a  hitfh  temperature  an  inversion  of  the  pi, 
eiion   takes  pla<-e.     .1.  .1.   Thomson  (Tan, 
riiilosophical   Society,  Feb.  11)  has   dc\ 
method  of  measuring  the  conductivity  of  l.adly 
conducting  substances  by  placing  a   -p! 
the  substance  to  lie  measured  \\itliin  a  coil  that 
is  traversed  by  rapidly  alternating  cun-ei, 
second  coil  connected  "in  >erie*  with  the  f 
closes  an  exhausted  Imlh.     The  introduc: 
the  sphere  into  the  first  coil  causes  by  in'! 
a  change  in   the  currents,  and   hence  an 
tion  in  the  j;low  of  the  I.  nil.,  l.y  o|,x(.r\in- 
the  ^phere'x  conductivity   is   olitained.     IJranly 
(Pans  Aea.lemy 

n  pairs  o'f  metals,  as  c  |>| 
contact  resistance. 

<ffic  Induct;,,  Capacity.—  Pc]\&\  r  .Jour- 
nal dc  Physique,"  NovemLen  has  devised  an  in- 
strument for  n,  fie  induct  : 

pacity  in  either  liquids  or  solids     It    • 
essentially  of  two  attracted  di-k  electrometers 
in  which  "the  two  moval.le  disk-  are  ri^i«i: 
nected.  and  tlie  two  attract  in^  disks  are  electric- 
ally connected  ;  one  of  the  latter  is  movaldc  hy  a 
micrometer  screw.    The  two  former  are  at  ; 


PUOOUBB  OF.  ix 


•ate  Ulance. 

•• 


red  from  a 


Imm-  h.    nn.  I    Shaw 

«ie*l  Keriew,  w  May-June)  Hml  thu 

,•«*  than  the  electro-i. 

soothe  . 
•i«lrrable  hy*terr«i»  it  prevent  in  the  rvlati»n 

rgv>.    Theae  crl 
.'  en  |  writ 

I  !••*  efltokooy  prevent  their  |.r»«  - 


OOMlttr 

7%WM4  •     ".    H  i    ••>•    E     ••        -- 

<dc 

, 

lE2  laeTallL  ^Z^W 

eJJf  tUkM  tClSMr  toi uL 1«Steivv^M5 


IW.—  flouri  .!•• 

it  ha. 
tn  n  uniform!* 

llmt  at   iDeed! 
of  33  to  .t?«'l  tnillimetfViaieoonii 

roci^>le  potential  clifftrmM  be- 
-  111  tin-  IK 
fJtMltflryt.  —  A.     i 

it    till*    IN 


with  increase  of 
cream  with.  inn  n..t  u-  r 

it  linos  that  reprvneir 
unvnt   and  potent inl  .lifTerence 
Mumvx  1,,-iw,-,  n  ?}.,•  .:,.••  An 
ham  in  air  arc  not  paral! 
naalnjr  with  the  r\t.-nt  t. 

•  mrreiit.    The 

ademy  of  Sci- 
•iftigated  the  ap|*rent  at- 

PII!*!..!,-  offeta  trili.  -!  •     •      .   •    • 

H|  fltuU  that  they   rH»H 

il  attrm  tioiiH  nn.l   r.  i>uUion»  of 

tud  (2)  from  the 

-•in-  |.r.-luoed  by  the  forrr  that 
n  the  fenee  where  the  in- 
reajf*  moiU  ra| 

\  ademy  of 

laile   a    '*  thermoelectric 
r  ..n  the   f.i.  t  that  if  Iwiriiiin 
•  t^  in  «-..!ilm  t    with 

.iml  a  ilifTerence  of  poten- 

«-lt  is  i>n«luced.    Uorchrr- 

w?    "Naiurr.- 
tric  cum  r 

H    i-ell    ..f 

U-il.  the  plare  of  the  other 


WUh  the  l«k* 


l 
mannn 

«n   not  tw 
•loos,  but  i*  ,|»r 


nods  eootaet  of  mumt)  mm*  imltm  mmi^ttm  •» 

rrla-     in«  of  a  tobe.    Janmaaa  <W|   ha.ai  . 
VMM    nalen."  Aofvet)  §»4f  ikai  ia»  MleflUMl  •!•• 


•iM  *'  A*'-**** Miitir  ~4 
I^doa  Rml  Soeiety.  IbrHi  til  •»«  iM 

,-.;'.,,     •  •    r     .-.      •  :  . 


i»«>r,| 

wan  infr- 
.•iml  an  ainm<>nia<  .: 

•' 

[ntmdar«d 
claimed,  the  a-l- 
•.^  without  many  of  thrir 


lailrr  tttettf  «•  be 


68 1 


Pin-  :OGRESS  OF,  IN  1805. 


nUclr  by  an  electrical  an-1  photographic  met  hod 

rve    m.th.HU    which    have    hitherto 

been  osed.      The   K»  '      nbid.. 

Aocost)  find  th« 

•fdoBf  two  parallerwires  t.  x  10'° 

otnfliiurf  res  per  second — a  value  that  differ 
the  relorilv  of  light  by  less  than  2  per  cent.,  and 
frosa  the  ratio  between  the  2  systems  of  electro- 
.   ,     QftrbMfp   md 

.    •  •„   -  Vnnalen,"    Xovcin- 
have  made  a  prism  capab! 


•  resonators  made  of  tinfoil  on  a  so- 
rfeofmnJld  glass  plate*.     Tin;  ra 


id  Wangle*  differing  with  the  wave  1, -ngth. 
They  conclude  from  their  experiment-  t  hat  t  he 
rays  of  electric  force  are  not  necessarily  to  be 
regarded  physically  n«  monochromatic.  but  as 

Compound  ••'•  .   h  j unification  as  ordinary 

light,     llelmholt/'s    theory   of   color   disj 

-.*  fresh  support    from  their  experiments. 

Philosophical  Magazine,"  April)  h 
vesttaUed  the  passage  of  a  wave  train  from  an 
oscillator  through  a  conducting  dielectric,  and 

•:,;»t  the  i  of  the  reflected  ravs, 

the  phase  changes,  etc..  for  damped  wave  trains 
reflected  from  such  a  plate  differ  very  coi. 

n  some  cases  from  those  for  st.- .1  ly  rays, 
BJafknsj  (Wiedemann's  "Annalen,"  January) 
concludes  t  ha1  in  the  phenomena  called  "multi- 
ple resonance n  there  are  not  as  many  stationary 
wave  systems  as  there  are  nodal  systems  exhib- 
ited by  the  resonator,  but  that  these  periods 
are  due  to  the  resonator,  which  resounds  to  a 
Mtnple . ^-illation  at  different  points.  The  differ- 
ence between  electric  waves  and  light  waves  he 
regard*  as  lying  in  the  fact  that  the  former  are 
damped,  while  the  latter  are  maintained. 
(Wiedemann's  M  Annalen")  has  demonstrated 
that  electric  waves  are  doubly  refracted  in 
wood,  the  Telocity  of  propagation  being  differ- 
ent across  and  along  the  fibers.  His  experiment 
was  analogous  to  the  common  optical  experi- 
ment of  restoring  the  light  intercepted  by  2 
Kksol  prisms  with  their  principal  planes  at  right 
angles  by  inserting  a  doubly  refractory  sub- 
•Unce.asatourmaline.lH-t  ween  th.-m.  The  Nic..l 
prisms  were  represented  by  iiert/ian  concave 
mirrors  with  crossed  focal  lines  and  the  tourma- 
line b?  a  plate  of  wood  in  inches  thick.  Iljcrk- 
nes  (Wiedemann's M  Annalen."  May)  has  d< 
•rrcral  new  laws  of  electric  resonance.  I  le  finds 
that  the  secondary  spark  potential  is  pn.por- 
Uooal  tothesqoareof  tli- jM-riod  of  the  resona- 
tor, the  magnetic  or  thermal  integral  effect  to 
its  ml*,  and  the  electric  integral  effect  to  its 
fifth  power.  Aurhkinawi  (Merlin  Physical  So- 
•  v.  .10.  1894)  finds  that  tinfo, 
'•arall  r  show  dimini- 

that  i-  i|uitp  independent  of  the  a- 
of  tfce  light  of  the  primary  sparks.     It  p 
lUr  tfcc  cessation  of  the  '-..-illations  but  re- 

i  it*  original  value  on  percu^ 

JatnaV  Gotten  ki": 

I  in  -  Nature,**  Nov.  21)  has  exporin. 
M  ta*  tinfoil  grating  a*  n  eXpos- 

o  ndietion  c,f  aho«t  60  centimetres'  wave 

|U  «  crmtina  whose  resistances  were  re- 

•paeUvelT  130  am)  2K  ohms,  the  resistance  fell  in 

caw*  a*  much  an  11  and  42  ohms  respec- 

;  bat  it  w*t  nearly  restoml  to  its  former 


value  by   gentle  tapping.     The  aiiirle   n:;. 
the  plane  of  |iolan/ati.-n  of  the   radiatii-: 
the  strips  of  the  grating  influen--. -,  th, 
ance.  \\liieh  ;  \\hen  tli 

pendieular  to  the  plane  of  the  priniavv  "-(  illa- 

The  author  concludes  that  1 1 
a  mechanical  one.  and  thinks  that  it  max   - 
t..    small    points    on    nei^li!»orr 
•    l.\   iln-  . 

.1.  |\*|i  :  •    .-.i.-iiiann's  "  Annah-n."   1  ' 

\plains  t  he  .strong  dampii 
..•  nietals  iijion 

I  heir  circular  or  t  ra  ns\  .•)•-.•  mau'iift  i/at  ion. 
crowils  the   oscillations   into   id,-   sin 
nii'i-e  than  with  other  mrtaN.      ||,.M,  ,    t),, 
••le  wire  t<>  rlc. -trie  . 

t  ions  is  much  greater  thun  that  of  an«tli' 
of  cipial  cornliic-lixity.  hrude  (\\ied.i 
"  Ann.  '  uar\  i  has  in\ .-:  i-at  rd  i|.. 

lion    l»ct\\.-.-n    a    sMl. stance's   dielectric    c« 

and   the   period  of  the  elect  1 

it.  which  he  calls  the  "electric  djspn 
alcohol,  this  quantity  is  normal  and  of  tl,' 
order   of    magnitude   as   the    optical    disp. 
I'liormal  dispersion,  and  > 
none  at  all   that  was  percept il.l.-.     nun, 
sterdam  Royal  Academy.  Sept.  v 
result    "f    experiments  "on    elc. 
wat.-r  (1)  that  there  is  no  di-p.-rsion 
the  frequency  of  27,00*  MM  MI  t..  1)7,000,000  a  sec- 
ond, and  rJi  that  the  refractive  index   for 
of  which  then-  are  several  hundred  mil!. 
second    equals    the    Mpiaiv    root    of    the   S] 
inductive  capacity  measured  statically. 
/'//---  [7'y.— Klster   and    C.-itel     ; 

niv)  have  constructed  a  jihoto-elcct  i ; 
consisting  of  an  exhausted  ^]n--  ^lolie  with  nn 
anode  (»f  platinum  win-  and  a  cathode  of  -odiutn- 
potassium  allov.     When  t  he  cell  was  illun. 
liy  li^ht  from  incandc-ci-nt    xircon.  polari/ 
passage  through  a  Nicnl  prism,  the  current   tha't 
passed  through  it  when  its  terminals  wen 
necied  to  a  400-volt  linttery  was  found  to  d 
in  strength  upon  tho  angle  of  incidence  of  the 
light  and    on    it-    plane    ,,f   polari/at ion. 

-i  when  the  plane  of  polari/at  ion  was 
perpendicular  to  the  plane  of  incidence  and  when 
the  angle  of  incidence  was  about  00 

:ii:le  of  the  alloy.      llranl;. 

.  in   studying  the  rate  of  lo^ 
charge  from   the  effect   of  light    in   the  . 
l.adly  conducting    liodies.   finds  that    when    the 
light    is   from   a   liody  heated   to  a   <lull   red   the 
condition  of  the  illuminating  surface  pl;r 
chief  part  in  the  phenomena,  the  nature  of  the 
charged  Ixidy  having  no  effect.     But  if  the  light 
is  rich  in  the  hiirhly  refrangible   rays,  tho  eflSJC 

i-  on  the  illuminated  body,  but    in   : 
all    cases    this    loses    elect rieity.     With 
marble,  canlboard.  terra  cotta.  MM!    hot    L 
i-  lost  M,ore  rapidly  than 

:ie.    while    the    oppo>it«-    ; 
wood   or    metal    varnished    or   coated   wr 
paraffin,  or  tallow. 

Cat! 
Scjcne,-.  .Fan.    14)    finds   that    the  product 

SO-called    catho'i  '    depend    - 

discharge  from  metallic  e]. 

.s;  that   they  are  produced  chiefly  where 
the  primary  illumination  attains  a  con  si  d< 
intensity;  and  that  their  direction  of  pr 


i*in  MI  -   ;•:.•    ... 


fit     111!.-*     it' 

»y«  are  produced  from  thr  K.  _.»•.,,-     n 

theeaKTto-aJI  **<*&* 


r  '-^-r-    Hi  a 

t.l  eventually  turn*  violet 
lag.  the  color  become*  blue  ami  Mi.alU 

I  ra«Iu 

"appearing  in  about  a  week.     1 

HIT  im|»urity  n,,r  «  h.-mit-aJ  tic- 
Miion  will  eiplain  ilw  pbeoomeiin 

that  u  |>li\-t'  nl  HUMliflca. 

i,'ht  iMwut  by  change  of  j 

tin-  ru.hu' 

//«!//  /;»frr/.-  l^l.n-l    i.\in«tritUin    U,,v.l 
fln.N   tlml    II,. 
al  in  Li-  ninth  tin.  I.  r 
Awtaiii  <  :  n  umstanfeK,  wdm  tin-  |-r: 

ir  directions  thai  exint    in 

n     I'hvMrnl     N. 

>vcatigated  the  tlaJI 
vcn»»»f  bismuth  ilf|Mwiti»«|  rl«ftr..l>in  ally. 
Iain*  the  asjrtntnttnr  of  the  phanooiafKNi 

•*  czerted  by  that   ti.  I.I  ..n  thr  n,,-f«l\ 
.t.n.lurt:  iistordam  Arail- 

f  Science)  tuppoaat  the  electric  cum 
aoaairt  of  9  component  A  of  unequal  clectro-mo- 

•i..i.  nn.ladkv 
hyiwtlMala  aooortb 
ided  we  tup|MM>  tha 
•ariflc  mrirtaiKio  of  mrtal  rapiii  peri* 


* 

af  ••!«••       m  fee*  W 
fa»»lo*MtoC.a.&wntoa*4  at 

turea  in  son*  cn*M  of  U'  u»  IJT 

bodies,  baHawta  and  anilaHair  vs>«f4edL  §Mn* 


Sbrtrif  Arr. —  I*-'  '  itxlemann 

>  fiiniiaiiii-litiil 

^HlBe  between  ih«-  an    an<l    :  -  harp»  in 
reded  gaeaa,  and  that  tin-  mm m  tm«eUnot 

;<ni|NT.  but    nl--    thr 

aunnilf.     I 

«Hlt  89.  lv  (hat 

'aic  arc  between  carbon**  that  contain 
rtalh  M«t§  of  a  nucleim  »urp. . 

:  Iwnd  »|iectra 

^arbona, and  the  Utter  metaJI. 
.luMoctated  Mlt 

pola. 

•  made  a  »pectrmcopic  study  «-f  the  carbons 
i  mate,  and  find*  that  the 


)«-ratur*  was  pfarlirnDf 

and 


tvo  pole  art*  *>f  a 
dfeaiMtfon 


<«at  tltehlcntrm- 

\\ 

iTestigatnl  i- 
..»  th«-  t.-intirralunp  ««f 
if  an  electric  an*  IicM.  an*l  find*  thai 
.*«••>  the  trmperatur*  de» 
tend  of  increanin^.  a<  it  would  if  the 

it   the  boil 
Dropcratun 
f  nn  incandcaccnt  filament. 


PHYSICS,  PROGRESS  OP. 


PHYSIOLOGY, 


are  not  due  to  fatigue  caused  by  reversals,  and 
th«t  neither  magnetic  nor  electric  action  are 
•LJOIMTT  r^^'1  '""  I)mt  '»'•>'  result 
from  loaroontiotMd  beating  at  a  low  tempera- 

lur*,  Mag  float 

.  .-•  -  «hen  the  riss  ex- 

CtJt£  a  fr«  degrees.  S-hini.lt  <  \\.edemanns 
-  Annal«-n."  M«vi  finds  that  steel  follows  weak 
'Mm*  more  quickly  than  in-n. 
than(r06C.  «'-.  >.  Haiti  the  sus- 


ceptibility of  soft  steel  is  to  that  of  iron  in  the 
raUoof  4'toS.    For  fields  of  on.-  unit  the  sus- 
ttntibilities  are  nearly  equal,  l.ut 
•Kthat  of  iron  is  the  gr«  u 


•uiiiml  magnetite  varies  with  the  inclina- 
of  the  magnetizing  field  to  the  crystallo- 
graphic  axesTlf  the  results  are  expressed  by 
drawing*  from  a  given  point  radii  vectors  of 
«irh  a  length  that  each  represents  the  magneti- 
sation of  the  specimen  in  its  own  direction  when 
•Unrated,  the  surface  in  which  all  th.-  ends  lie 
is  a  cube  with  rounded  edges  and  slightly  hollow 
These  facts  seem  to  show  that  the  theories 


that  regard  magnetization  as  the  result  of  the 
oriental  ion  of  particles  of  fixed  magnet  ion 
are  insufficient  to  explain  the  magnetization  of 
crystals. 

Elongation.- Moore     ("  Physical 
November  to  December)  finds  that   th.-  maxi- 
mum elongation  produced  in  iron  wire  by  mag- 
netiiation  occurs  at  an  intensity  of  about 
Beyond  this  point  the  donation  diminished. 

Induction. — Lecher(\Viedemann's"  Annalcn," 
February),  in  a  paper  on  unipolar  induct  ion.  di-- 
OQSSBS  the  question  whether,  when  a  cylindrical 
magnet  turns  around  ••  lines  of  force 

are Stationa  .day  tht.uirht.  or  turn  with 

it,  as  maintained  by  Tolver  Preston  and  others. 
Previous  experiments,  according  to  the  author, 
may  be  interpreted  either  war.  but  some  recently 
performed  by  himself  show  that  th.-  f«rui.-r  view 
b  the  correct  one.  Hoptdnson (Royal  Inani- 
tion lecture)  suggests  that,  since  in  an  elect  p,- 
as  large  as  the  earth  the  reversal  of  the 
in  its  coils  would  muse  disturbances 
would  require  thousands  of  millions  of 
yean  to  reach  their  maximum  value  at  the  cen- 
i« conceivable  that  the  earth's  magnetism 
may  be  due  to  currents  in  iU  material  SUM 

_•.-..  •:••:..  but  il  »wly  dying  away. 

Sltdro.maffnehr  /W/im/  /W,'.  -  Weber 
(Wiedemann's  -Annalen."  January i  find 
an  iron  wire  whose  length  is  very  great  rela- 
tively to  tu  thickness  experiences  a  pulling 
force  proportional  (1)  to  the  intensity  of  th. 
ftrti,  (?)  to  its  magnetization,  and  (8)  to  its  sec- 
tion, when  iU  end  is  in  a  magnet  i  !i.  id  and  its 
axis  b  parallel  to  the  force  fines.  Wh.  n  hi.,- 
awm  the  force  lines  it  experiences  a 
Mr  bvtless  in  a  ratio  that  is  about  iw  i,,  ,„,„). 
'firVU.  bat  quickly  approaches  unity  as  the 
•••  fr°1|r*  in  strength. 

B    ;.    \vi-de. 

siann  •  -  AnnaJen,"  March)  find-  that  l.v  mac- 
********  tfct  eonstants  of  elasticity  of  so'ft  iron 

I  by  an  amount  not  exceeding  (»• 
•Ml.     r>«nr»  MH!   torsion  diminish,  and  the 


contraction  to  longitnlinal  ex- 

^    lrr?  ^f01116*  «nore  incom- 
pw«iWi  in  the  magnetic  field. 


Mirrors     of    Magnetism.—  Thou 
Walker  (u  Ph&osophtaa]  Mapa/in.-."  !•'. 

fin.N  that  a  |.l:r  i  nmijnrti. 

analogous  tu   the  optical    imap-   ju-i-din-. 
mirror,  and  p-.,  metrically  identical  with 

inge  ("  Itiilli-iin  of  th. 
gian  Royal  Acaxlemy,  No.  1)  states  that  n 
tic.-  the  oriental 

alone   on  the  direction   of  the   lines  of   ! 
tin-  field.  a«  it  should  by  theory,  but   als.. 
the  strength  of  its  ma^n'eti/at  i.'.n.      ll>- 
that  this  ]»  due  io  some  unknown  cause,  p^^H 
to  a  "circulation  of  • 

M  inn-Main  .  r    /'1,1/si,-.- 

sfrumenf*.  —  *]u\iu*  (  \Vi<'deinann's   "Am, 
uses  for  this  pur|M»se  a  small  circula; 
pended  by  :'.  vertical  wires.    The  ccnl 

l.rouu'ht    into  the   plane  of  the  lal 
movable   weight    attached   to   a    n>d    j,r«. 
downward.      Any    lateral    displacement    . 
upper  ends  of  t'he  wires  will  start  waves 
them,   which   will    perceptibly   alTect    th< 
only  when   the  period   of  the  dist  urban*  -. 
cides  with   that    of   the  oscillation   of  th, 
about  the  point  of  suspension,  ui  id  eventh 
axis  remains  vertical. 

I'lHMOLOGY.     Intheconclu.ln 
lecture  on  th.-  work  of  Carl  Ludwi-:.  h 
Sanderson   has  given   a   brief  summary  of  the 
doctrine  of  vitalism  as  it  now  present^  it 
the  form  of  "  neovitalism."     Tin-  author 
ed  out  that  the  principle  which  Ludwig  and  his 
contemporaries  advanced  in  the  middle 
century  a.s  fundamental  in  physiology  —  th 
explanation  of  any  observed  'process  or 
was  to  be  accepted  except  in^r  that   whi. 
si-ted   in   referring   it    to  chemical    or    pi 
laws  —  was  now  generally    admitted,    hi;1 
then  a  new  one.     lie  fore  that  the  current 
ini:.  with  exceptions,  was  in  the  <>pi 
tion.     It  was  not  denied  that,  in  p-'n.-ral.  • 
went  on  in  the  Ix.dy  as  they  did  out   of  j| 
whenever  a  phenomenon  could  not  be  exp 
on  this  principle  it  was  regard' 
at  once  to  have  recourse  to  the  hyp<.the-is  ,,f  a 
vital  force  as  a  way  out  of  the  diilicu'r 
movement  had  recently  sprung  up  i 
under  the  name  of  neovitalism   which   .. 
si-ht  •.reined  to  return  to  the  old  position. 
eral  writers  had  shown  a  tendency  to  fol 
ami  it  was  the  subject  of  one  of  the  ad.  In 
the  Liil>eck  meeting  of  the  (J.-rman  Asso, 
of  Naturalists  and    I'hy-icians.     <  >n  com; 
the  position  of  the  oeovitalistfl  with  the  ii. 
current    fifty  years  n_ 

considerable  difTereii.  :h.m.    '["<,,• 

in  truth,  no  revival  of  the  hypothc-. 

for  it  is  rcco^ni/.ed  tluit  if  the  wor: 
is  u-ed  to  mean  something  that  manifest^ 
by  meanurable  elTe<  •  ;  no  ind; 

that  ich    as    ti 

recogni/'-s,  jx  in  operation  in  the  ori' 
the  poMtion  now  tal«-n  it  is  pointed  out  t1 
certain  recent   instances  processes  of  lif« 
were  at   first   regarded  as  entirely    ; 
(di.-mjcal  d  :"orm  «o  precisely'  n 

were  expected  to  do  to  phy-i<  al  and  ch« 

of  these  which  is  especially 
of  attention  i<  that  of  the  lymphatic  «y-i.-m.     It 
ha»l  appeared  from  the  investigations  o|  Ludwig 
and   his  pupils  that  the  efficient  cause  of  the 


;  h.  lik*-  tlmt  of  "  ,  .  irett* 

uf«  lirtin- -a!.      ll  .'   ili     :•:.•. 

nilMl     I       T!MI    11      %  it    Ii  I         i*i    * 

f..r   (tun    ,1.;, tr  ?•.:..    a    furwfioo   of 

"•1  law*  which 
•  ituwlvea.    The  explanation  u 

,  bman,  whiV   -i,  ,  •     ••    r -.-. 


I.' 

» » 


lorganiam  is 

u   ap|«-«rv't.  the   •,  .•  • 

<itioa  has  bean  vigorously  attacked 
imong  other*   ' 

I)  »"rku.. 

n*  under  'which   the  disoiw 
n  the  actual  UN!  • 
geaderi  in  unt  \  um  several  knot*. 
MM  of  physiology  an.  1 

i  have  been  found  prosecuting  the 

actual  practice  of  medicine  or  surgery* 
liave  greatly  change* I.    < ' 
.-ion  of   InU.r.  whi.-h  th, 
knowledge  has  rendered  a  nece**tty. 
.at  become  incra^ii  ual. 

MM  to  separate  itaelf  more  and  more 


ajn   •  - 
ofi»hv<i 


'    •'     !.• 


kve  little  interest  or  nympathv  with  the 
oners  of  medicine,  while  we  have  still. 
rays  have  had.  a  clam  of  pr  . 
lough  acknowledging  physiology  to  be 

;i  to 

4ems  and  methods  when  once  they  have 
their  examinations  In  I -.'I.  .\tremea 
SB  great  .1  -he  best  interests  of 

•ee  of  phyafologv  and  the  science  and 

ixlicitie.  The  practice  of  medicine 
lot  mfreqnantH  rare  conjunctions)  of 
us,  and  valuable  op|x>rt unities  of  re- 

'ten  waste«l.  which  a  lit- 

training  mi   the  iwirt   ..f  th.-  practitioner 

l  t<>  good  account;  and 

eesiti'  al  m<«li< m*-  have  been 

-f  inspiration  of  phyaio- 

iained  as  vague  surmiw  or.  at  most, 

-•thesis,  has  been  raised  to  the  level 

Conceived  and  often  aim- 

."experimental 
vstone  at  the  A 

iwaJ.I.  t,,    the   iwurity    of   the 

f  which   I 

(ration.— Th.  iovejtifatJ  •    ' 

nituro  bv  J.  ILVernon  was 
'.hat 

^e  animal*,  «^>ntrary  to 
:i.*e  wilh  the   w.-mn 


VOL. 


C1^!^  J&- 

fro*  abas*  ir& 


CSV  vfeb    the    i*s*a»rat«r»    "iTSi^X 
•1  tooled  r*4*iit  •••mi  usss*  u- 


•^seaiB^BiBW^r     ^w^vvpvewBiiv^aw^    ww     »«»w    ^ 

cord  and  lie  in  ronla*  vWi'ihe  ~4  ^Wt» 
tions  of  that  side.  TW  mm  avWtmtsen*  a«  la* 
ilasneiillng  raaptalarv  fshef*  W  ear*  «•»  ~* 


fthdrownss^^  t 
.  relatively  few  *a*1 
phranicosiisof  the  njiiiaili  sssfc. 
Urt  of  amthdi 


in-. 


PHYSIOLOGY. 


facts  contained  in  this  hypothesis  an:  The  de- 
•cent  of  the  re>i  !'"'•-••  m  the  lateral 

tracU;  UN  enuring  of  tin-  impul-e  at  th- 

;  .       ;  the  <  tiding  of  th.  respJra- 
lory  fiber**  like  other  conducting  iiu-i--.  in  i.r- 
niinal  arboruations;  and  tin-  diuVrvnt  course  of 
.•llstotlu 

ng  «'ii   tin-  side  «»f  the 

cord  wherr  tin  y  dad  origin,  tin-  minority  crosa- 
infflnthe  protoplasmic  commissure  (•>  tl  .....  p- 
.."  .  •  •'  :-.i. 

.:.,  :h.-d  of  observing  the  off. 
rh*np-  of  external  temperature  on  the  dis- 
charge of  carbonic  acid.  M.  S.  IVmbn  >  ; 
food  meant  of  testing  the  power  of  t 
lion  in  animals,  |  >  ro  vi<  K>d  that  tin-  temperature 
of  the  animal,  the  amount  of  mu-cular  activity. 
and  the  condition  of  the  cutaneous  circulation 
•are  at  the  same  time  taken  into  account.  In 
newly  born  animals  the  power  of  heat  rcgula- 
tioo  varies  according  to  the  development  of  the 
animal  at  birth.  Young  animnls,  such  as  mi.  •«•. 
rat».  and  pigeons,  which  are  born  Mind,  naked. 
•nd  helpless  re.-jH.ud  to  external  changes  of 
temperature  in  a  way  somewhat  similar  to  that 
•ecu  in  cold-blooded  animals:  the  variations  in 
the  respiratory  exchange  and  the  temperature 
of  the  animals  are  in  the  same  direction  as  the 
changes  of  external  temperature.  Theft*  young 
animals  can  not  regulate  their  temperature. 
Young  animals.  <>n  the  other  hand.  Mich  .-»- 
i  pigs  and  chickens,  which  are  born  in  a 
condition  of  high  development  and  with  protec- 
tive coverings  are  able  even  at  liirth  to  main- 
tain a  constant  temperature,  provided  that  the 
changes  in  external  temperature  are  not  excess- 
ive. In  the  first  class  of  animals  the  gradual 
nt  of  the  power  of  heat  regulation 
can  be  followed.  The  activity  of  the  animal  has 
to  be  considered.  In  adult  warm-blooded  ani- 
mals and  in  newly  U.rn  animals  like  the  guinea 
pig  and  chick  a  low  external  temperature  in- 
creases the  activity  of  the  animal.  In  young 
animal*  which  only  im|»erfcctly  regulate  their 
temperature  muwular  activity'  is  often  most 
marked  and  maintained  at  the  higher  tempera- 
ture*. The  first  effect  of  a  fall  of  temperature 
is  often,  it  is  true,  to  make  the  animal  active, 
bat  iu  movements  soon  become  feeble,  and  as 
regards  their  purpose  are  of  a  similar  nature  to 
shivering.  The  development  of  the  mv 


shivering. 

heat  regulation  proceeds  simultaneously  with 
the  development  of  the  nervous  and   muscular 
•ystesas.    At  the  same  time  the  relation  of  the 
cutaneous  surface  to  the  mass  of  the  you, 
•sal  and  the  presence  or  absence  of  'pn 
coverings  are  factors,  but  only  of  secondary  un- 

it has  been  found  by  John   Haldane  in  the 
wmr*  of  his  inquiries  into  the  origin  and 

ffbomflocative  or  poisonous  gases  met  with 
•n  •,»-«•  air  of  onal  mines  that  the  poisonous  ac- 
«*  «rbonic  oxide  diminishes  as  the  ox 
rice  reran.     At  a  t 
of  0*78*n  this  poi^ 
nl  to  the  caw  of  mice,    The 
the  poisonous  action  is  due  to 
that  at  high  oxygen  tension-  the  ani- 
'•ft  di«t*nw  entirely  with  ,IK?ar- 

iTtl2L^Llll*??»lol>in-    ThepoW 
of  carbonic  oxide  is  entirely  due 


power  of  combining  with   the  li;nnoi:lobiii  Of 
•  I'U-cIes.  and  so  putting  : 

Hers. 

i  in  ulat  ion.      i        trary  to  the  \  i,-w  th.. 
pre\ailed  since    the  time   . 
craft  holds  that  the  impulse  of  the  !,• 
the  chest  wall   is  dia-t«.lc.  and   n.-t   systoli 
that    it    I-  the    elleet   tlf    tin 

ing  upon   the   flaccid    and   passive,   hut    t, 
refilling  ventricle  from  which   the  prcssi. 
il    -uppo:  tares    have    IM. 

•  \perimciitcr  in    in-   i 

n.     He  contend.-  that  in 
all  diameter-  increa-e.  and  that  win  n  tin 
are  inflated  so  as  to  give  something  In. 
normal   support   to  the  heart,  it   do. 
fn-m   left  to  right,  and   thus  docs  not    -t  i 
wall  with  the  apex  of  t  he  left  vent  i 

•  timenl-     on     the    elTeet     of    uraMty   • 

circulation,  continued  by  Leonard  Hill.".' 
don,    illustrate    the    ijuiekne-s   with    win 

ith  even  slight  chan. 
po-itioii.  Turning  an  animal  ii|> 
lowering  or  rai-  ,d.  placing  n  U] 

and  other  change-  alTcct  tin-  arterial  prc-- 
a  marked  degree.      Prof.  Hill  has  further 


that  an  abdominal  bandage,  bv  merely 

loi 

eneftcially  the  vascul 
musolse. 


in-  the  l.lood  supply   to   the   lower  vise. 
creases  beneficially  the  vasculanty  of  l,r.-, 


f*" 


By  the  application  of  \ 

cate    sphygniomanometer.     \'an    /iemsseii    has 
found   that    the   normal  ten-ion   in  the  i«  : 
artery  is  from  80  to  110  millimetres  of  mi 
In  a  case  of  arterio-sclero-i^  with  car 
troi.hy.it  rose  to  from    ISO  to  210  mill'!: 
and  in  a  case  of  valvular  in-uflicieiicy  fe. 
millimetres,  of  mercury. 

The  origin  of  the  l.lood  corpi; 
by  M.  Wernicki  to  the  eosinophih-  layer  of  tho 
canccllous  ti--ue  of  l.one.  the  granules  of  WsaW 
receive  a  coating  of  ha-moi:lol.in  at   the 
and  then  Constitute  the  ha-matol.las: 
Dr.  SacharolT  is  under-tood   to  hold  a  -imilar 
view.     As  against  it  Siat.ocillo  s<-ts  the  fact  that 
the  rays,  the  blood  of  which  contains  a 
proportion  of  eosinophilc  cells.  ha\«-  n<»  bonm 
and    therefore    no    cancellou-    ti— ue.    \Vernkfl 
thinks  that  all  the  white  c<,rpu-cle-  have  tlic 
same  oriirin.  that   they  are  short-lived,  and  that 
they  a  •  -inir  from  the  cells  by  a  diaj'*- 

desis  nourish  the  bones. 

The  views  of  Keller,  expressed  -rural  yefp 
ago,as  to  the  con-tancy  of  the  al'-olute  ijiiantV 
of  Mood  in  the  cranial  c  ncidi  iitally 

sii|.t.orted   liy  the   experiment"-    of    P,a\li—  an«l 
Hill  to  determine  the  relation-,    i 
pressure  in  the  cranial  cavity  and  the  blood  -uj- 
ply  to  the  brain. 

Results  of  much  interest    have  been   obi 
by  W.  Halliburton.  S.  \V.  Pickering 
Brodie  in  e\|,eriments  on  inn.- 
refilling  fr«.m  intravein.us  injection  of  . 
artificially    made     colloid     sub 
corTi|H.unds  closelv  resemble   proteid-  in  their 
chief   reactions.     Some  of   them   contain  PJvi 
phonis.  while  others  are  destitute  of  it.    It  M 
anticipated  that  this  line  of  n-earch   rnay  cafct 
liirh!  on  intravenous  clotting  from  disen- 
on  that  induced  l.y  the  venom  of  -n. 

The  studies  of  W.  Hannsen  on  th 


rai 


the  nmlMnnoleaten 

run    r 

in(" 


l-h.     The 


i  in.-  as  on  the  injection  of  wait 
.11  thtOtmph  »a»  equal  to  the 

t  with  at  an  earlier  «•«,;•  »f  theet- 

tocame  lees  after  the  injection,  an. I 
M-reaeed  slowly  to   the  normal :   n 

1.  they  increased  at  flr»i 
fame  foes.     Alt.  r  the  inject*,  r 
far  the  blood  capillaries  of  a  frog's  web  were 

lin-t.-m  int.-rpreted  these  results  as 
MI?  an  initial  passage  of  water  fn»n 

ved  at  a  hit.  r  Mace  by  a  rvtiim  filtration 
ul  also  observed  adinun 

in*  to  compression  «  ' 
.i*s  resulting  from  dilation   ..f   the 
<i  Maries. 

•  ,'  tin-  functions  of 

i.  ami   ap- 
fed  I  \aminat! 

i*ts  in  ma  ^ries 

^^btaneous  phot, 
bwcopic  flehl.  taken  at  .lilTm-nt  i 
at  a  roinparat  i\c  study  of  the  series  can  i> 

•ig  a  pigment  r 
uart  hasmeamir  ;ie  occupi- 

cxirpuscle  in  making  t)> 

tei  it.  for  man.  to  be 


itlon. — Leaving  frceli  fibrin  in 

\     i  • ,  '  und  after  a 

ion.  one  oo- 
havine   t»..- 

iriobolin ;  pfoteoee  and  trt.r 
•  *i-n-  a!-.  pr.—-nt.     Ail  BOti    B      '    • 
utions   on  bwh  tll.rin    <  an    be  divitleil 
ii  be  submit- 
.irtion  «-f  the  dl- 
juices  the  same  n 

••ak  of  a  "  ^i line  solution  * 

•in    Mitxnin.-.l    to   tin-   action  of 

tied  water  ami   to  that   «-f  micro-organ- 

>rc  thr  -ar-  .    n  -Milt*.    When  gelatin  i« 

.-»!  and  thr 

tin*  of   ihn    f,,rm.-itioi, 

...  the  Phytiologieal 

•dpi 

:  MlpUOft 

mi-nlal    *:.!••.   th-     •'    -«ry   ted 

that  it  rvUtoil 

ooevtes,    Thi-»  view  wa* 

which  the 
?in  ami  santhin  to  man   had  in- 


»  a*  at  th* 


nm    ^^^^1?!?^^^    AfsT£t 


: 
: 
nn>  «.  i.| 


- 


****&    JtT^lL^JuliTtrT.- 

t  relation*) 

.  pupport    platv  te  eUgwstisei  is  SMSM  wy  i 
Ml    *> 

.    W       TW  ftliuatftii  sVm  snt  tesjtalnesl  to  ta»  Heea1 


PHYSIOLOGY. 


bat  been  examined  by  Harburjrrr.  who  find-  that 
it  converts  March  int..  Mipir  much  more  slowly 
but  •*  ilivnry.  jmi 

totsstlnsl  f i HIM nl •     Its  activity,  accord  u 
AbeJonsand  <*.  IliAnmVa,  differ*  in  different  ani- 
mal* and  A(  different  agr*.     Baibm  r  namc- 
it  glvtw.  a  ferment  «hi«  h  ha-  hitherto  been 
found  only  in  plant*. 

The  investigations  of  Dr.  M.  K- .  In,.,-.  of  Tula- 
Ion.  on  the  action  of  tea  II|N.M  the  di- 
festive organs  wet*  carried  on  with  te-t  lui.e-. 
a  glyerml  '  |N.|«in  was  used  as 

Ifasdiastivt  flui<l  and  beef  nber  and  albumen 


a*  the  aliment     From  the  result-  of  the  . 
menU,  which  are  described  in  detail,  the  author 
is  fed  to  the  opinion  that  thetnnnic  acid  is  not 

MiriMii«  ap  .  tardily  of  di- 

>'.  but  the  injury  is  caused  by  some  of  the 
lest  soluble  extractive  matters;  al-o  that  the 
action  of  tea  is  not  so  injurious  a>  SOMIC  writers 
think  it  is.  The  character  of  the  a<  ti-  n  depends 
greatly  on  the  method  of  infusing.  Loii^-in- 
fused  teas  -  t  sosoe  sobstanoe,  piob- 

a»»ly  an  alkaloid,  that  has  an  inhibitory  action 

«'  nerves  of  the  stomach, 
(tlandular  System.— A  secreting  organ  is 
defined  by  Edward  A.  Schafer  as  one  which 
separates  certain  materials  from  the  blood  and 
pours  them  out  again,  sometimes  after  effecting 
changes  of  some  sort  upon  them,  usually  upon 
external  surfaces,  or  at  least  upon  surfaces  which 
are  connected  with  the  exterior.  There  are, 
however,  some  secreted  materials  that  are  not 
poured  out  upon  an  external  surface,  but  are 
return-  '  1.  These  may  be  termed 

i*l  secretions,  and  they  are  of  no  less  im- 
portance than  the  ordinary  or  external  secre- 
tions. The  name  of  "  ductless  glands  "  has  been 
applied  to  those  secreting  organs  which  have 
been  believed  to  furnish  only  internal  secre- 
tions. Such  secretions  are,  however,  furnished 
to  a  greater  or  less  extent  by  some  of  the  ordi- 
nary glands,  and  bv  other  parts  of  the  body. 
Thus  the  liver  and  the  pancreas  are  as  esscnt  ial 
-tue  of  the  internal  secretions  which 
they  furnish  to  the  blood  as  by  their  external 
secret Jona.  and  the  entire  removal  of  either 
•  death,  which  is  due  to  the  removal  of  the 


influence  they  exert  upon  the  metabolism  of  the 
body  by  the  loss  of  their  internal  secretions. 
So  too  does  the  entire  removal  of  the  kidney  : 

fe  is  sustained  if  a  small  port 
kidney  substance  is  left    This  is  true  also  of 
the  pancreas,  the  internal  secret  ion  of  which  has 
been  found  to  prevent  the  excessive  formation 
of  aufar  in  the  blood  and  the  urine.    The  fun, - 
Uoos  of  the  thyroid  gland  are  still  un 
mined,  but  facts  are  -  which 

i  \n  pr-.vr  that  it  yields  an  internal  - 

1  purpose  within  the 

.  and   that  the  effects  thm   follow  thyn.i- 
*ny  or  removal  of  the  gland— altering  the 
«w  exchanges  so  that  the  animal  deprived 
it  ean  no  l^err  react  to  changes  of  tempera- 
••£  pmhahly  due  to  the  loss  of  that  secre- 
The  pituitary  body  supplies  an  int. 
km  which  causes  contraction  of  the  heart's 


anprarenal  bodies  have  been  the 
«perimei,U  by  Dr.  Schlfer  «,,d   I»r. 
two  years,  the  results  of  which  are 
to  Slsow  conclusively  that  the  medulla 


of  the  -u|  rannal  cap-ule  contain-  a  dia 
lie  principle,  soluble  in  water,  and   ; 
boiling  for  a  short   tune.  \\hj 
•.verful  physiological  action  ni 
muscular  sy-lem  in  general,  but  especial! 
keleta'l   muscles,  the  muscular  wall 
ami    the    muscular    wall 
•    amount  of  act  ion  i 

fested  up«n  -'.me  of   tli.  n  H,,. 

bulb,    especially    the    cardio-inliibi: 
ami  to  a  -mall  extent   upon  th< 
ter.       These    internal     - 
adds,  have  to  be  definitely  rrrkoiird  will, 
lan.  \\  liile  at  the  same  time  t  he  1 1 
ti-i    will   be  able    to  avail  him-elf  of   tic 
principles    which   they    contain,   and    in 
cases  to    use    e\  internally    »•• 

glands  in  place  of  the   hitherto  moi. 
employed  vegetable  medicamenls. 

rn    has    communicated    • 
Physiological    8<  Merlin    the  re- 

his"  nbservalions  on   the   effect   of   \ 
peratnre-    ..n    tin-    -ecreti-.n   of  -weat.      1! 
periments  were  made  upon  cat- 
the  secretion  of  sweat  at  low  tempera!  UP  . 
-weat  L'land-  were  kept  at  the  tempera!  in 
80°  C.)  im-t  favorable  to  the  secretion,  ui 
animal's  body  was  cooled  by  \\ 

•  .n  \\a-  obtained  as  a  result  • 
notwithstanding  the  cooling  of  t  In- 
tuit hor  also  gave  account    of  expel"!' 
with  a  view  to  te-tin^   Prof.  (Jriit /tier's  asser- 
tion   that    heat    acts    only    on    cenlripet.. 
vosomotor  nerves  1'ir  •   affe.-i  n, 

centrifugal  ner\<  -.     ( 'atvfully  ob-er 
experimental  condition-  de-'-n'bed  1 
he   had   found  that    the    action  of    : 
seiaiic  nerve  lead-  toac«>pioux  ,.,.,. n.j  ;,,„  ,,f 
on  the  cat's  paws,  that  is  to  say.  stimulat' 
t  ri  fu^al  nerves. 

The  active  principle  of  the  thyroid  ^la: 
been    further   experimented    u: 
miind  Pr&nkel,  who,  precipitating  • 
nous  Ixxlies  from  the  extract  with 
found    that  the    virtue    resided   in  the  filtrate. 
This  was  then  chemically  examined,  \\hei 
s<.lution  in  alcohol  ami  addition  <-f  ether 
teii-ely  hygroscopic  body  was  obtaii 
in  water  and  alcohol,  the  watery  solution  )ia\- 
inga  neutral  or  slightly  alkaline' reaction, 
empirical  formula  has  been  calciilat. 
Ni<>t.  and  the  sub-tam-c  is  provisionally  i 
"thyreo-antitoxin."    Sufficient  time 
elapsed   to  establish   any  definite  r> 
investigations  clinically  marie  with    thi- 
hr.  Krankel  ha-    failed 'to  find  the  fall   of 
pressure   demon-trated    by   I  Ir.  Sdi;ifi  r   n; 

'  'ii-   injection   of  thyroid   ext  r 
it  ion  of   the    pul-e  rate  was  well  n 
The    author    al-o    found     that     the 

fioisoned  by  mu-carin  which  had 
to  beat  could  again  be  brought  to  .-i 
pin-  on    them  a    few  drop-  of   the  I 
toxin.     In  animals,  too,  after  the  thyroid 
had  been  extirpated  and  convul-j.  : 
symptoms  had  en-m-d.  temporary  r- 
:   subcutaneous  injections  of  a 
watery  soluti* m   of  the  remedy.      Tl 
merits  njjrcc  with  tli 

with   injection^  of  thyroid  jui- .  .       I»r.  i 
maintains,  therefore,  that  he  ha  'rated 


HIYSIOL001  ^ 


principle  of  the  thy.    hu«ir«  of  the  ejrMoa  ef  ia» 

Hi  i  Mi  aw  aad  OBOM 

^^ 

to  wwicaTaad  4W  •  *,^, 

•    •*     — 


and  that  it  .-    .  hemieal  body    fa*«tton  taw  hif*a*  a*4  ff^- 

•wit**  a»d  eCTa  ***!}  4* 


thru-land.     II,  anil.  ,,*.-     Ubcd 
n    r  \ai-t   dOBM 

^^•T  thai 


.    t,  eWkbiS 

......  .lt     t         "^ 

of-  y**^^?^^^  SSSSSKSS 

n    to  the  masrlr*  of  M0  fbfMna.    Taw  Mt4»** 


anenrable  n-.nl1 

t-\    .1  '  r  k •  .       f  i     '    .   '  i- 


glan 

-f  the  in.  'biliary  por- 
power  %»»i 
••  iirti-riiil 

\  the  normal 

•n  of  tbetye^ 


-.    .ffilr.1    ft. 


>nclusion  that 

r  be  considered  as  an  hMMMl    arr,  hr  thtnlw.  dor  t-.  la*  g\\ 
•  i  rvolojrieal  orifio    the" 

••MI.  HI, .1  t  hrowfng  its  secretory    tin 

It.  into  the  reins.  I 

tern.— The  un»t  riated  muscles    bur*  on  the  rflrvt 

inaU  I 

:  at 
Ih  "f  Hhirli  is  rery  ranal 

Batata  of  nbrils 

rflbrillar  - 

iiiles  and  a  nut -|,.u*  in  tin-  n».l-  .flrst  the 

itli  two  nuclear  Uidien.    Two  that  the eserettaaof  i 

seen  only  once 

arations.    The  flbriU  intrrlaoi  most  atvor* eiertioa,    Tawei%ht  lost' 

The  separate  celU  are  not  held  thus  noticed  vas  sMile  food  is)  la*  « 

substance,  but  bv  prtito-  period  of  rwt.    Attbrrt 

runehea,    The  transrene  eonamsi 

by  manv  obsenrers  aiipears  to  than  at 

'    tin-  rrll  n-Mlltlti);  fr 


i^beenoontrni-trtl.     in*  l««d.  it  was 

'.-nt if ul.     \\  :•!.-•."  v>ne    oijiea  was  toot 
:.  nn'tnrr-     ihr  thml 


•  un  be  brought  in'  rrs^«l  ai  >u  rod.    Taw  br4y  tsosawMaw*  avoj 

rtbmt  '.iititl  t..  thr  inii%-     t-.  :t>  :,    «  ,  aod  to  eawje  oassw  lo  W 

In  addition  to  the**,  nurnrn.n-  nerre 

..<       • 


be  seen  eixlini:   in    ininntr   Lull 

•o  the  muscle.    The 

M.nsory  as  w.-ll  •  aboat  by  the  »vafaraflMi  W 

lusion's  reached  by  Moeso  and  1  «lraUoa 

o  respect  i\  and  rest-    slisjhtly  larffosvd  hj 

mcle  mu^ 
I  ion  at  a  storeboase  of  |K>trntiaJ  m- 

-n  in  toe  oonvonaott 
--1  into  work;  and 
fled  In  assuming  thai  in 


•oraonsmuMMilnr  .ndexhanetloa  wa*  ai  flnt^aoj 

.-uijMil  bv  u.n.t  ol  r.Nul  but  by  want  of  later  on  dtaVoJ 

i^raocK    Taw 
Xurii-h.  n-^:ir  .  Mb  of 

ij.jm-M^   that  rbaOMOS  *mq*i^m 

..nls  exi*t  in  muwnilar  patrols 

•hers.     He  has  found  that  within  t«.nty-foor  *UsMss> 


861 


I'HYSIoLor.Y. 


readily  excitable  at  the  end  of  the  most  severe 
march  as  during  complete  rest  A  high  external 
temperature  was  found  to  exert  the  same  influ- 
mS*S  a  light  load  as  the  heaviest  load  did 
•I  more  mc»uWat«  temperatures,  and  some  del  a  i  Is 
of  the  experiment*  were  found  to  depend  on  m- 

Nerveis  Hyst««.-Prof.  \Val.l.- v.-r.  in  an 
teeoant  of  the  most  recent  researches  on  the 
formative  structures  of  the  nervous  system, 
lavs  special  stress  on  the  following  sUten 
St  inUre  nervous  system  consists  of  single 
elemrau.  which  may  most  conveniently  be  called 
MiSjrssji.  each  of  which  is  composed  of  a  i.ene 
crll  and  its  processes.  These  processes  a; 
the  one  hand,  protoplasmic  d+ndrttr*.  which  rap- 
idly become  branched,  and,  on  the  other  hand, 
Htwffss  or  OTOIM.  which  give  off  collateral 
branches,  soon  become  medullated,  and  end  in 
fine  branchings,  as  also  do  the  collaterals.  Each 
nerve  cell  has  only  one  axon.  The  dendrites 
convey  impulses  to  the  cell ;  the  neurites  or 
axons  convey  impulses  from  the  cell.  All  nerve 
fibers,  both  dendrites  and  neurites,  end  freely  in 
fine  branchings.  Every  physiological  path  of 
conduction,  whether  from  the  periphery  to  the 
central  nervous  system  or  vice  versa,  consists  of 
two  or  more  neurons ;  neverofone.  Conduction 
in  the  neurons  is  always  longitudinal.  Impulses 
are  transmitted  from  one  neuron  to  the  other 
only  by  means  of  the  free  endings  of  the  ter- 
minal branches. 

Prom  experiment  in  which  section  of  all  the 
sensory  roots  of  the  nerves  di-triimted  to  a  limb 
1  lowed  by  permanent  motor  paralysis,  in 
addition  to  the  anaesthesia  which  might*  be  ex- 
pected to  occur.  Dr.  Mott  and  Prof.  Sherrington  , 
conclude  that  the  whole  sensory  path  from  pe- 
riphery to  cortex  cerebri  is  in  action  during  voj- 
untary  movement.  Dr.  Martian,  on  the  other 
hand,  maintains  that  there  are  no  motor,  but 
only  sensory  centers  in  the  cortex  cerebri,  sen- 
sory impressions  and  the  activity  of  sensory  cen- 
ters being  the  real  guides  for  volitional  action, 
and  the  true  motor  centers  existing  only  in 
the  spinal  cord.  Dr  ,.u-h  has  shown 

that  toe  posterior  roots  of  the  spinal  nerves  are 
not  exclusively  sensory,  but  also  contain  motor 
fibers,  which  are  distributed  to  the  visceral  mus- 
cles originally  developed  from  the  lateral  plates 
•  '  • 

Motso  has  set  forth  that  the  brain  is  a  scat  of 
active   combustion,   and   that   its  temperature 
rises  still  higher  when  it  is  stimulated  to  activ- 
ity by  direct  excitation  or  by  drugs.    The  ex- 
periments of  Leonard  Hill  and   N.  I  >.  Nabarro 
do  not  bear  out  these  conclusions,  for   r 
pttnfrom  them  that  when  compared  with  the 
•tides  the  brain  is  not  a  seat  of  ax  • 
*ion.«nd  it  seems  very  improbable  to  them 
-houid  be  perceptibly  great- 


«5-"*r r^iu  of  1&£^«£S?EZ 
Mjaof  motor  impulses  is  the  same  in 
r  nerve  and  spinal  cord.    Thttbtohttt 
»n^rr  impressions  in  th. 

/    .'-,  •„ 

"i1!?  ?5"d'  !n  the  oord  alone 

•      •      •-  •-    •     -  that 

hat  in  the  transference  of  the  sensory 


impression   from  the  terminals  ..f  the 

••rd   t..   the  cell-  (.f  it 

locomotor  ataxy  the  speed  is  slow  (i  in  bnth.hm 
especial l>  in  the  cord. 

•  inin-  >h. 

Of  Sympathetic    "f    referred    pain    has   b. 
forded   by  the  combined   iv-ult-  of 
ments  of 'Sherrington  and  the  more  dm 

Searches  Of  Head  relative  to  th. 
connections  U-twcen  the   sensory    n 
the  internal  organ- of  the  thorax   and  al> 
and  certain  other  s,  , 
skin.     Kxamples  of  |  ,1.  h  li^'ht 

thrown  are  that    over  the  che-t  \\ln-n   lh> 
vessels  of  the  heart  are  occluded   in 
toris,  pain  between  the  shoulder  blades  i  i 
diseases,  the  radiating  pam-  attending  n 
sage  of   calculi    along    certain    dm  : 
headaches  and  neuralgias  connected  with  vari- 
ous kinds  of   visceral   irritation.     In    th 
•ics.  with   those   ,,f    Langley  and    An* 

certain  areas  of  the  skin  surface  have  b« 
fined  as  invariably  the  seat  of  nferr. 
when  certain  deep  organs  are  di-  a-e.|. 

In  his  application  of  the  results  i.htaii.- 
Gaskell's  observations  on  somatic  and  s; 
in.-  nerves  to  the  study  of  the  em 
A.  C.  Wright  takes  as  an  example  the  pi 
ena  observed    in    a    kitten    confroir 
strange  dog,  and  shows  that  such  an  em. 
stimulus  would  call  forth  in  the  kitten  a  i 
series  of  reflex  responses.    First,  t  hr«-u-h 
voluntary  visceral  nerves;  then  the 
untary  muscles  would  be  called  into  ,i 
lastly,  a  reflex  response  would  take  place  i 
tain  parts  of  the  voluntary  muscular  B\ 
The  essential  features  to  be  recogni/. 
in  every  emotional  reaction  an    th. 
of  the  emotion  in  a  violent  sei 
condition  of  extreme  neural  ten-ion  in  ; 
flex  center,  and   an   overflow  of  neural  < 
into  different  paths.    This  overflow  take- 
tir-t   into   channels  associated  with 
tary   muscle,   and    lastly    into   those  ass- 
with  voluntary  mu-cle.     The   phy-iolo^j. 

of  the  emotion  is  to  be  found  not 

il   reflex  actions,  but   in   the  hiirh  • 
ten-ion   of   the    reflex  center   which 
to  those  actions.     In  childhood  x,.n-'ry  -timuii 
call  forth  in  each  case  response-  of  both 
untary   and   voluntary  muscle,  while    with   in- 
creasing age  the  outflow  of  neural  el 
the  re:'  r    I.e. -..me-   m.  TV  and    in- 

striked  to  paths  associated  with  invol 
muscle.  As  a  result  of  SUch  tran-forma' 
get  voluntary  action  with  a  purpose. 

f  control  of  the  refli 
'  a  necessity,  since.  ••  if  each  animal 
lUS  Were  to  evoke  a  separate  refl.-x    n 

'ini/.ation  which  wa-  endowed  with 
tiveness  at  all  approaching  that  of  the  i 
organization,  life  would  be  a  i 
voluntary  movement."     Yoluntar\    mu-. 
act   to   the    slitfhte-t    stimuli,    but    invol 

i!ar  actj..n-  are  called  out  onh 
stimuli    or    by  a    -ummation    of   slighter 
Hi^rh  neural  ten-ion  in  the  n-fl. 
fore  necessary  for  these-  reaction-  of  invol  . 
muscles,  and  all  -uch   hiu'h   neural  ten-ioi, 
t«-nded  with  symptom-  of  di»tn— .     The  : 
ing  of  the  "generalized  somatico-vis<  erul  re- 


I'll  ,f. 


flei<* 


f  inexperience  and  childhood  by  the 

l     .  *»   much    A    imnttoii     uf 

UKHb 

*  q,«stion  of  .uut, 

J.M..II  for  a  ... 

la  tk^  conclusion  t  tuU  if  wtj  IAM  >k^ 

' 

..t«|  o 
f  Iliml  fnli^'ur  —  flmd  btCJHMt  the 

'"  nerve  cell  him  .It  t.  «i  up  At  the 
.in  head.     It  Unot  implied  thai  ncr 

rvUtiuo   to 

!i.T   1»VU. 


udlcd  the  rapidity  with  which  the 

..t  the  con- 
he  muioie  is  not  A  ooropleta  but  an 

US  iu»'l  li    • 

pulMt  procerdin^    fnmi    ..-r.  l-ral 
h»»  an  averaire  rale  of  frwm  1»> 
r  that  it  ha«  lome  higher  rate  trans- 
one  of  10  or  12  per  Mcood  by  the 
e  motor  cells  of  the  cornua  of  the 


aft.  r   l»p,f.  ViUou.  of 

A!  region  of  th«-  t nun.' the  ani- 

woverrtl  a  small  part  of  it*  vision.    A  in  w 

lion,  very  vascular,  wan  found  on  examin- 

»  brain  at  the  seat  of  the  le»ion.    Its  ex- 

produced   th.»   blind... — . 

1  in  this  new  tissue, 
an  cactus  called  pevotl  has  an  in- 
line action,  an. I  in  large  doses  produces 
and  a  Mat,-  ..f   n.  r\..u*  .  \     •  > 

.  disposition  to  Toluble  upeech.   Small 
.riven  to  fr..^  i 
:iiic  cramps  and  a  grwatlr 
aiial««i»u»  to  theef- 
.-;   l.ut  \%ltl.  th 

the  dost  the  effect* 

M'veral  dn  »r  rr- 

rere  oMnn  nrw 

ritliliit*.  and   Pi  n-»:«nU  it 

;idapted  to  fnrt h«-r  tin-  H 
vtanuT   It  was  noticed  in  rabbits 
•  arh  |Miro\\>in  of  orampsthe  blood 

r  has  found  «U  - 

in  ma  ^|iecies  of  cactus  hitherto 

-wman  has  demonstrated  that  thr 

uli  of  theragns  and  tl 
n  of  the  spinal  accessory  nerve. 
rial  SeMe*,— The  nwuli 

ring  shown  that  th«-  general  principles  of 
at  ion  arvcorn, 

umw  limitation  of  numerous  isnUn  to 

mdiame- 

!^r  laassss 

eorona  nuliata  are  seen  to  spnad  out  fan- 


that,  a- 

try.  and  kt  dUs 
•ittnrftfM 

fou.,,1  h:» 


mt+t  flfsdHaat  is  aumd 

i  IM^  !•  affsw4  Urn  Mis 

i  _/  >k_  *--  -    *  -  -  * 

yf^^S^fS^SS 


to  the 

wnttr 

' 


to  tt 


,ollk,W» 


1±  T**T*  Itf.'^iff*  ^"^ 

'Ml  to  la* lstva> MSJV  SMI 


- 


IMIVS101. 


the  iris  or  the  ciliary  processes,  to  increase 

;»r  fibers,  and  to  change  in  the 
hydrostatic  pressure  in  the  anterior  chamber. 

linen  advances  his  own  theory,  which  he 
•  .  ,  .-  •  -•  IM  und<  rsM i  from  tli.-  follow- 

.si  nit  ion  :  An  elaMic  ball  is  to  be  grasped 
with  both  hands.  ,he  pt  together. 

The  10  flnpr-  are  then  In-nt  in  so  as  to  be  ap- 
plied to  the  ball  along  a  lim-  that,  if  the  ball  rep- 
resented the  earth,  would  correspond  to  the  arc- 
[j  ; ..  H  .;.  i,  noi  nads  with  the 
tips  of  the  fingers  the  free  part  of  the  ball  will 
bulge  forward!  X-w  the  finger  tips  represent 
the  ciliary  processes  and  circular  fiben  of  the 
ciliary  mu-  ilmi  of  the  hands  the  me- 

ridional fibers  of  the  .-iliary  muscle,  and  the  tw«. 
wrists  the  optic  m-rve.  The  anatomical  rela- 
tions, he  contends,  correspond  completely  to  his 
tbeorv  for  the  anterior  eapsole.  The  sonular 
fiben  and  the  retina  form  an  investment  to  the 
vitreous  humor  ami  to  the  lens  that  are  quite 
analogous  to  the  elastic  ball.  The  fiben  of  the 
1  choroid  lie  on  the  outside  of 
the  investment  just  as  the  palms  of  the  hand  are 
external  to  the  elastic  ball,  an  d  theciliary  pro- 
cesses form  a  similar  groove,  and  exert  the  same 
kind  of  pressure  as  the  tips  of  the  fingers  in  the 
above  illustration.  The  depression  caused  by  the 
riliary  process  is  always  slight,  never  exceeding 
1  milliim  • 

invisibility  of  infra-red  light  is  explained 

:>a  and  Jansfen  on  the  ground  that  the 
humors  of  the  eye  are  opaoue  to  it  ;  by  Tymlall, 
Engelmann.  and  others,  because  the  light  is 
incapable  of  exciting  the  retina:  while  H.-ltn- 
holtz  supposed  that  the  strong  absorption  suf- 
fered by  the  infra-red  rays  in  their  passage 
through  the  eye  was  sufficient  to  account  for  it. 

all  observers  have  found  that  the  rays  are 
strongly  absorbed  in  the  eye.  II err  Aschkinass 
has  recently  shown,  as  the  result  of  experiments 
made  upon  thin  layers  of  the  humors  of  an  ox 
eye  and!  a  human  eye.  that  there  is  no  sudden 
increase  of  absorption  beyond  the  red  end  of  the 
spectrum,  and  that  the  absorptive  powers  of  the 
various  media  of  the  eve  are  practically  t  he  same 
as  those  of  water;  and  the  experiments  indicate 
that  a  large  proportion  of  infra-red  light  reaches 
iiP.ugh  the  rye,  but  is  not  capable  of 
.-•  nerves  and  pro.iu.-ing  sight. 
"liwIlaneoiiH.—  M.  Charle^  lii-het,  in  a  pa- 


per on  M  Functions  of  IMen*.  in  Man  and  Ani- 
mala/* deals,  among  other  things,  with  the  power 
warm-blooded  animals  have  of  resisting  expos- 
ure to  cold.  In  the  dog  exposure  to  a  cold  of 
— •!'  C.  for  half  an  hour  was  accompanied  bv  a 
ri«  in  the  rwtal  temperature,  and  it  resisted 
tiie  effects  of  that  degree  of  <  old  for  two  hours. 
SWifritt*  on  exposure  to  cold  may  be  con 
•Uh  -marks, with  the  be 

Ib •  points 
sentiment  of   fear 
so  many  animals  and  cir- 
h  saves  us  oft<«n  from  our- 
riesame  may  be  said  of  the  feeling  of 
**b«*t  maintain*  that  were  it   not 
Mion  of  vertigo  falls  and  serious  ac- 
•f  much  more  frequont  occur- 
north-  anticipation  of  it,  has 
•  infliMwje,    Under  pain  the  respi- 
"•*  the  heart  beats  more  rapid  lv, 


IIUOTU,  wiin  me  oei 

of  sweat  ing  on  exposure  to  heat. 

the  advantage*  of  the  scntime 

*M*b  UMpbdTby  §o  many  anima 

CHflMtAflM^M    Btwt   «-V>.  .K   m* 

^*—^^^*»  •im  wnicn  saves  UK  <in*«r 


.n.-rial    lil..o«l     pn— are    ri-  -.    ih,. 

iin>rc  abundantly— all  condition 
tcn.l  to  tli.  in, -HI  «.f  tin-  l.io|o_m, 

of  the  organism.  A- 

have    s.'lid.    there     is   d\ll;i  '     I  he    \\li(ilt. 

'tally,    he  ihr    remai 

means  of  defense  we  possess  in  »u' 
and    phagooytes    agnin-t    the    mult iplica: 
microl.es  m  ',.ur  s\>iem. 

It    is    remarked    that     i 
agencies  and  more    multifarious  ami   < 

chniiical    phi-noine:. 
cold-liliNided    than    among     warm-l-. 
mah.     Some  fishes  and   man\ 

.iniinali-ules    have   the    power 
light  ;  ^everal  fishe-.  a  l»ug.  ami  a  >!'. 

'•ommaml   of   the  elect  n«-    ciiii.nl  : 
arthropods  and  a  few  niollu-k>   ha\- 
of  secreting  and   emitting  silk:  m.! 
amphibia,  fishes,  insert-,  and  ara.  hnoids 
intense  poisons,  which  are  \ery  rare  am«- 
higher   animals.   e\.-epi    under    diseased 
lions  :  ilyes.  also  rare  amon-  mammalsan-: 
are  abundant  in  inollusksand  inject- 
are    much   more  almndant    among  co]<l-|. 
forms  than  among  the  hi-her  animaU.      I 
«.f  these  fai-ts   the  question  is  suggc-t<-d  I'.v  Mr. 
J.  W.  Slater  as  a  subject  toward  which  r. 
maybe  directed  whether  the  en.  r-y  \M 
hot-blooded  animals  is  expende.l  in  kecpi 
the  temperature  <-f  the   body   may   not    in    the 
cold-blooded   forms  be  con \erted  into  lui: 
or  electrical  or  chemical  cnei-_ 

Among  a  number  of  instances  of  death  )>y 
electricity   studied   by    Mr.   I'.n  nhanlt    \\. 
recorded  by  Dr.  J.  Kratter  of  a   man   \v ! 
traversed  by  a  current    of  high  ien»j,,n.  a> 
found  breathing  st  ertorously  a  few 
the  point  where  he  made  contact.      T! 
/inn-fun  examination,  twenty-one  hours  at"' 
death,  disclosed  2  small  wounds.  <>n.-  on  tin   ;•.- 
dex  linger,  and  the  other  on  the  ba<-k.  «iih  larire 
extravasations  of  bl(M»«l   in   their  vieinit) 
the   organs  of  the   body    showed    hyper 
blood,  acute  .edema   of  'the   lungs   v 
extravasations  were  observed  in  var 
the    imi-elrs   were    in    extreme    rigor,    and    tli.- 
heart   was    partially  relaxed.     No   mi«  r 
changes  were  remarked.     Dr.   K ratter  t 
that  the  electric  shock   suddenly  paraly/ 
heart,  and   that  was   the    immediat< 

accompanied  by  o-dema  of  the  IIHIL 
ducing  hypervenosity  of  the  blood.     A  markerl 
contusion  was  seen  on  the  left  side  of  i 
phragm    at    the   p..jnt    of   contar-t    of   th< 
Kxpcrimetit-  made  on  animals     h..u.  .1   that   in 
them  the   respiration  was  usually  primarily  ar- 

ing  asphyxia  and  si-eo'ndai 
of  the  Jieart's  action,  though  the  h< 

' 
by  M.  d'Arsonval.   the    current,   of 

1    at    the   head    of   the   man.  :u 
his  l»a<-k.     <>n  the  application  of  artificial 
ration  by  Sylvester's  method,  more  tl 
hour  afterward,  recovery  too k  place.     In  ;, 
.  lionellan.  on   tlie   j 

of  a  current  of  1*,000  volts  throu-h  a  man. 
instantly  resulted,  witli  dilated  puf»i: 
the  face,  and  §W<  .••liriurn   and   toi 

ternating  with    clou:  followed.      The 

pulse  was  80,  the  respiration,  at  first 


I>IIV"  POUKII   RATIONAL  ALUA*OL    CO 

n«.SU>kcs  type.  ,     liaui*.     ||r 

arychnine,    mneunl  ^  c. 


M|  snccumU-.|  inn.  h  i 
ted   htfht   than  tl. 

feoted  with IfiitMHd  and  cholera 


-u*   ihlJBll! 

••xd     af(.  r     HKM-ulali'  i  .uder     she    . 

ill  tin *e  kept    111   .lit'  hair.;    '          HU  of 

temtloi: 

'•ill  t  o7  S 

Max  Mnil.-r  ..n  t!.,-  effect 
•  l\ph»id  Ini.  i!iu>  ftbow  H,.i!  «  •  , 


•m^»»  ••  maiiT  a*  **  genera- 
I  ilar 

»-a.  illu-    at    the   normal 
»tun-   of   the  body,  while  at  m\*>\.- 
men  generations  mar  be  pnxlucr«l.    A 
temperature  of  t    rrfore, 

destroy  the  t\phoi.l  Ucillus.  or  to  n 
wth  to  any  considerable  extmt.     l-:\,-n    results  w«re  Ihr 
.!vs   of   fp.in     i  rhul«rb  ap 

icafiable   »f   dcM.     -       .'    "..     ..,;,:    .....M       j    ,:.'        V-    ^ 

ft.-mard. 

erenoa  was  obeenred  in  the  rirolenoeol    peagrown 
illu-i  within  the  range  of  trni|icrature  of    duced  an  • 


a*  ny  Dr.  John  Haldai  phy»-    alt houjrh  it  bore  leaves  and  a  lr«  eVveern, 

!  M|  |>||    N  M|,,N  vl     u  I  I  tM  I     «*  «S> 
lUerimi.  that  substance,  also  called    ganiaMJoej  of  hilleh  rtilaini  in  tW  Vm»t4  Ulela^ 


iigvJanad  fnmi  fire 

not  being 

of  nn  •  | 

•»   uii'li-r   iTilinarv    i-i-M.lr  i"H%;  and     main 

a  poison    Ihr 


.  un-    tione«  as  ra 

inin-j  nn  adinixt 


»  contaiiiinu*  an  admixture  of    stations.** 
it  h  of  a  volume  of  car-    olenee  and 
Mark 


a  cand!  lamp  pro- 

•  ion  on  a  man.     the  view  of 

•  of  the  »0a.-k 
ild  he  nwjuirwl 

dan 


i<  due  t**  deficiency  o<    AnMeiej  BS>  QVBSVVPS  aiw 

^Jjttg*  y**  *"*  ->"u?il-y  * 

wh«'M  in.  r» •:\--t\s  propor-     Pi4aii4. sjd  sJs»  tmlaaMi 
TC  brrathnl,  is,  hoWrer,    ihe^^h<sj»y  and 

finnt^a.    A  sjMflevaveji  !•!•*• 
ttt^im  nt  nUtif .  in  JMII^      U«a)  a«eo  ThaslaVejs  KsjsjlaVen>  VJfll  til eJWftwl  to 


• 
\ 


ig»te,l  by     <1.km^  KT  IW  AH**",     WMb 
r  amount     lar  <mler.  llie  AlUs^  thtwnjrh 


PORTUGAL. 


formed  Independent  Roman  Catholic  Church, 
which  *v  on  page  :: 

1'iHM  I  (,  VI..  a  eon-titutional  inonar< 
southwestern  Kur..|«-.  The  ihnme  is  hereditary 
in  the  family  of  Saxe-Coburg-Braganxa.  The 
legislative  power  is  Tested  in  the  Cortes,  consist- 
ing of  a  Chamber  of  Peers  and  a  Chamber  of 
Deputies.  There  are  58  hereditary  peers  remain- 
<>f  th.-  others,  13  are  spiritual  peers,  50 
were  elected  l>>  d. -legates  of  districts  and  learned 
bodies,  and  189  hare  been  api>oinied  b\  th.- 
crown.  The  Deputies  are  elected  for  four  years, 
.  continental  di-tnct-.  the  Azores,  and 
Madeira,  and  12  by  th.-  --!  •m.-s.  The  size  of 
both  (Mute*  and  the  conditions  of  reprcsen 
have  been  changed  for  the  future. 

is  Carlos  I,  born  Sept.  28, 
1868.  The  ministry  at  the  beginning  of  1895 
contained  the  following  members:  Pn-i-h-nt  "f 
the  Cout». -il  and  Minister  of  Finance,  1  !;. 
Hintze  Kibeiro;  Minister  of  Foreign  AlTair-. 
Carlos  Lobo  <i'Avila:  Mini-t.-r  of  the  Int.  : 
F.  PiutoCa-tello  Itranco;  Minister  of  .lust ice  and 
Wnr*hi| .  A.  d'AzevedoCastcllo  Branco;  Mini<- 
t«-r  ..f  War.  C..1.  L.  A.  Pimcntel  Pinto;  Minister 
of  Marine  and  the  Colonies.  .1.  A.  <!••  Brissac  dos 
Neves  Ferreira;  Minister  ..f  Public  Works, Com- 
merce, and  Industry,  Campos  Henrique*.  On 
Jan.  16  the  Minister  of  Marine  reined,  and 
('apt.  Ferreira  Almeida  was  appointed  h 
<-.—  . r.  Id- in  turn  resigned  on  Nov.  25,  owing 
to  differences  respecting  naval  reform s.  a- 

by  Jacintho  Candido.    L.  De  Soveral 
the  late  Lobo  d'Avila  as  Minister  of 
Foreign  Affairs  on  Sept.  20. 

1 1«-  Armr  and  Nary.— Portugal  has  a  stand- 
ing army  of  80,000  men  raised  by  conscript  ion. 
The  year's  contingent  was  19,017  men  for  1895. 
The  soldiers  serve  uninterruptedly  through  the 
ftrrt  year,  and  have  four  Booths'  leave  in  the  sec- 
ond and  eight  months'  in  the  third  year.  About 
2.000  men  besides  are  furloughed*.  The  war 
efective  is  about  100.000  n 

The  nary  consists  of  1  ironclad  corvette  of 
:'•:.'•  ••.'•.<  r-..  ••  v  1  I  graboata,  •"»  ni..nitors. 
10  sloop  gunboats,  2  armed  -.  and  4  tor- 

;      :      !      /    . 

Ctameree.— The  value  of    merchandise   im- 
~  '!  199  milrei-.  and  of  ex- 

ports 28,911.793  milrets.  The  ini|K>rts  ..f  pn- 
dons  metals  were  826,030,  and  the  exports  8,883,- 
•  •  n  pd  Impoffa  an  oeimls, 
cotton,  sugar,  fish,  coal,  cotton  cloths,  iron,  wool, 
animals,  hides  and  l-ath-r.  silks  marhin-ry, 
opfca,  rtaves,  ri'  i  Js,  petroleum,  spirits, 

aadlobaeoo.    The  values  of  the  xports 

ww:  Wine,  9.742.000  milreis: 

• :  copmr,  2^88  milr-i* :  animn 
Ms:  frufls,  987.000  milreis:  sardines,  760,000 
HMs;  cotton  foods,  669,000  milreis;  onions, 

MjjjBi  W»  sailing  Teanels.  of  488,000 
5.118  «t««, 

«**  consist  of  67  steamers  and  486  sailino- 


nod  on  Jan.  i:i. 

taxation,  emigration,  the  army,  ami  other  mat- 
ters,    on,-   imposnl  capital   punishment 

••f  political  olTenses  or  n  i 
Another  n-.jiinvd  all  pi-r-ons.  n  , 

..  l>\  land  to  tak.   QUl 

ports.    On  Marc;  raa  pui.lisl,. 

v.lvin^  the  Cliiinilirr  and  tran-formim;  ti. 

The  ntiml'.  r  <>!  I ». 
reduced  to  120,  of  whom  ill  n-pn 
kingdom  and  (I  the  colonies.  Naturali/. 

rs  were  ma<le  ineli-il-le.  also  manup  : 
direct«.rs  of  companies  having  conce 
the  state,  and   many  classes  of  pu!>li<    ii, 
aries.     The  Deputies  will  receive  salaries. 

and    medical    professions    HUM    n.  • 
more   than   20   repfe 
does  away  with  the  represenUtion  of  mn 
and    introduces  the  system  of 

0  a  decree  was  issued  riT.-etim,'.-! 
in  the  Chamber  of  Peers,  which  will  h.-n 
c'.ii-i-t    «.l   ;•()   life  memU-r>.  in  addition   • 
liishops,  the  princes  of  the  Mood  royal,  and  the 
hereditary  memU-rs  whose  peerages'. 
extinct.    The  nominated  peers  may  be  s. 
without  distinction  of  class,  though 
(jualificatiotis  are  imposed.   The  elect 
of  the  Chamber  <.f  Peers  ceases  to  exi-t. 

i  decree  issued  on  Mar. 
re  autonomous  institutions.     T 
sion  crowns  a  series  of  measures  for  the 
administration  of  these  islands. 

During  a  national  feast  held  in  .Ii in 

brat  ion  of  the  seven-hundredth   birthda\ 
Anthony  .if  Padua,  who  wa>  a  native  ..f  |. 
anarchistic    manifestoes    were   circulated    and 
popular  demonstrations  against  the  <-l.-r-_ 
i-peeially  against  the  JesniK  tiM.k    ! 
oitixens  of  Lisbon   and   other  town>.  .  -\ci-pt   the 
Clericals,  regarded  the  festivities  with  cool  in- 
«lilTereiice.      The   democratic    papers  elm 
for  the  enforcement   of  the  law  prohibiting  the 
continuance    of    religions   confraternitic-. 

•iment  issued  a  circular  to  the  bi*h«  ; 
daring  that  it  would  punish  severely  all  at 
upon  priests  and  the  Catholic  religion.  : 
would  not  allow  Catholics  to  mak- 

for   (.olitical  object-.      Kim:  Carlo 


P-Htlr.1 


steamers  and  486  sailing 
-The  system  of   parlia- 

!fT!i«Sll%l^l^r  ^'^"^l^tSTfat  not 
WKHber  and  flnancial  and  other  letrisla- 
Uo.«i«»ct«lbTrorJdec««.    A«Jri^rf 


had  vi-ited  England,  arranged  to  j.a 

October  to  hi-  uncle.  th<-  Kini;  of  Italy,  but  the 

trip  was  abandoned   when   the    papa 
informed  the  Portuguese  Government   il. 

'.\onld    consider    Mich    a   vi-it    a   ]•< 
alTront.     The    Italian    Government,   wli 

1   that  th-  'lit  had    1" 

for  this  reason,  replied  by  expressing  a  h<  i 

..-al  would  recover  her  imlej  • 
action.  A  treat  y  of  cominen-e  Let  • 
gal  and  Hussia  was  signed  at  Lisb»i 

[larliament 

17.     The  Republicans  ttn<: 
districts  ab-tained  from  voting  a L'am-t  tl 
ernment    Candida;.-,  and    the    p.-op.. 
showed  the  utmo-t  indifTei. 

(  olonie-.       I  .lonial  [K.S-. 

t:al  in  Africa  comprise  the  Cape  Verde  I 
with  an  area  '.f  1. ()."»()  srjuan-  n. 
inhabitants;  Portutru(-e  (Juinea.  with  n- 
of  M.»HK» -Miiare  mile-  and  HfKMKt'i  inhal>. 
Princes  island  and  St.  Thomas,  with  an  « 
454  square  miles  and  21,040  inhal.it  a:. 


PRESBTTERlAXa 


I  and  the 

a«fr 


tit    nrva  of 

77.4A4  uihai.iiani  - ;  .Maw 
area,  with 


tig  have  an  arm  of  8J80 

il08.ofcitilml.it 
iggregate  revenue  of  all 

-  • 

>.189j889     milt.  t.-Ul 

ir  exports  to  i.ilr.-.v 

•»  of    railr-a-l    in    Angola   ami    IUU 
aVs  more  are  InnMing:   in    Kn»t 

•..|«?mil,-nr.   ; 

I  India  ll.,n- nr.-  :-•  .,,,1, •.,•,,-,.,  rv.  n 
roopa  regularly  maintained  in  the 
[loamsions  are  1  regim*  > 

>ade  up  «  f    ! 
•uVt-r*  ami   l.U.i  mm.  and 
iota  rifles  and  9  companies  in 

• 
••quenee  of  the  insurrection  of  natives  at 

H  its  garrtaoii  wan  incn-a- 

-m  and  808  men  (see  CAPS  C'ou)>  ^ 

ily  fresh  re-en  f 

rdat  to'  pursue  an  n 

Hipaign  against  (itinpinh a 

•i    the   di»iiirliinr«-%    in    S-uih 

..U-r.  is;.',.  nl,   o.ii- 

tignese  portion  of  the  i»land  of 

'imor.    Tr....p-  that  man  hed  against  the  rabali 

«re  <lefeated,  and  the  Secretary  and  8  aganla 

.oveniinent  were  kill.-.!.    The  Governor 

titually  quelled 

In  tin-  MIMIC  month  n  in 

;•«.    alxnit     to    ftnlwirr 

nise  the  A«lijiini-trntor.  (iomea 

ild  not  guarantee  their  |«v.    The 

•'«)  in    iiiitni-  r,   man  ii<-«t    off   « it)i    tln-ir 

rm»  an«l  ammunition.     The  revolt  sprva<l.  atul 

.pi«rr«B  it. 
rnmrnt  - 

.•  insurrection  at  hrlagoa 

ment  «4r»in  de- 

Aflbtance.  U  t  ween  the  age*  of 

a^aV  at..i 

.n  |<i:n  TNUed 


MtT 

••••    •-• 


iv]«»rt  ft»r  «lnt  • 
Portupil  to  'bring  the 


fn>in 


mi 


I  'ortngues*  column  coal 

:,nl..    att 

..I    thr     !»., 

in<l  destrojred  Oungnnhama'* 


I 


i      -byteHaa 
sluen  of  Amrrlrm. 
al  tAhh-s  of  this  rhun-h  prr*ml**l 
ral   A*M-mM\  in   May  gir«  the  W- 


of  miaiststv  during  UM  , 

of  elders  to  giveaj  a*  8Mto  aM 

I 


oaivad.    Yn  ih«  iM4  oT  law 


The  Boari  of 
largw  noaibrr  of 
crived  during  tWv^lWat* 

iWwlMaf  M 


A«rW  111 


ThV  Bovdof 

, 
rear,  but  as 


the 
.ih  fcaaM 
andVM 


I  tt9  JawCOWaW  l^^»   Ea^aW  W^^aW  ^a^ 

Ih*  npMdH«i>  f  I^IW 


- 

i  i .  ^ '  i  »_>•«>  «^^^«^J  an  flBj 

OMX  aafl   BIBMI   IVSVB^  ^  ^^ 

rvittffttMi  a*  vMMv  saflafto  ••* 


,-.:s 


IM:KSP,YTI-:I:I  \N-. 


grants  1,446  schools  had  been  organized 
organised,  into  which  5.455  teacher-  and 
pupils  had  been  gathered  and   from  \\: 
rhiin-h**  had  already  grown.    The  year's  ; 
uf  the  business  department  amounted 
The  editorial  department   had 
and  tract*  -  •  depart  m- 

turned  7.3*8 Sabbath  -.-h.*.!-.  with  '.'. 
can.  teacher    and  pupil-. 

The  Committee  on   Systematic    Keneflecnce, 
for  the  rtr-t  urn. 

reported  a  decrease  in  gifts  to  benevolent  oh- 
jert*.  the  amount  of  decrease  as  compared  with 
x.-.-ir  in-iiig  $44,829.  The  Boards  of 
Home  Missions,  Foreign  Missions,  Sabbath- 
school  Work,  and  Aid  for  Colleges  and  Acade- 
mies reported  gains  aggrega 
while  those  of  K<lu<-ation.  Church  Krectioi 

id  Freedraen  returned  losses  of 

179. 

ll  .ard  of  Foreign  Missions  had  re< 
tt  expenditures  ha<l  been  * 
.a*  against  f995,fe>2  in  the  mvceding 

three  new  missionaries  had  been  sent  out. 
Prom  the  mission  field-  in  Africa,  china. I'uatc- 
inala.  India.  Japan,  Korea.  Siam. 

Smth  Am-  i.  and  among  the  Chinese, 

and  Japanese  in  the  I'nit.-d  States  were  returned 

tndpal  stations  and  •><:;  out  station- 

can  missionaries  (including  ordained  and 
medical  missionaries,  lay  teachers,  and  other-), 
1.948  native  missionaries,  teachers,  and  helpers; 
891  churches  with  :s-,M<M  communi 
having  been  added  during  the  year);  100  students 
.  Vj  pupil-  in  -rhools  board- 
ing and  day  and  for  hoys  and  for  girls;  native 
•us  of  $65,H',ls<:  and  :'.:',  hospitals  and 
dispensaries,  at  which    256,514    patients   were 
treated  during  the  year. 
The  receipts  of  the  Woman's  Kxecutive  Cora- 
Nli— ion-  f'-r  the  year  had    b.-en 
$887^88,  and  the  . I>!MI r-  :.~>l~>.     The 

debt  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  was  $10,000. 
The  report  of  the  superintendent  of  schools  de- 
nrrihed  the  work  done— in  Alaska.  8  schools  and 
87  teachers;  am  -.•  i  pohoo 

ncbera,  reaching  :\\    triU-s;    among   the 

»n  population  of  the  lx>nler 
school*  and  58  teachers:  amon-  the  Mormons, 
10  schools  and  84  teacher-:  and  among  the 
mountain  people  of  the  South.  25  schools  and 
77  trarhers.  In  these  114  schools,  with  391 
t«arb«n,  wen  enrol  led  1.0 10  puj.il-  as  bo.. 


"<  lav  16. 

,.r.  i,r.   Kobert  Ru>ieU    p(<Mifh    of 

was  chosen  moderator.    The  C-..MIM 
9Pjtet*l  hy  the  previous  General  Assembly  to 
theological  seminaries  reported 
ejof«rences  with  the  boards  of 

.-•.  \v,.,,,,. 
I^nr.llc.  ^n  rrmnriw  Seminaries,  and 


to  each  of 
in  its  recoro- 
in  the  m»tt<r  r.f  putting 
Immediately  under  the  rontrol 
Aiwrmhlr  which  covered  tho*,. 
not  intended  to  change  the 


title,  o  \\nn--liip.  or  di^M'-itinn   of  the  pi- 
held    l>y    tin-    Narioiis    in>t  ii  ut  i«ms   or   to 
nti'i'l   or  inti-rfei-.-iice   up 
.  -M-mlily.  l-ut   only  t(.  maUr  sin 
tin-   pro|M-rty    was    held    for    no  other   pm 
than     thi'oliigii-ul    i-dm-at  inn    arr.mling 

itandards  of  the  Preabyterian  Church  :  i1 

pOWl  :-   ^    ught    t«i   I-  •  nnf<  i  n  'i    on    ih.-  (..  n.-ral 
Assemldy  •  upon  the  rln-tion 

feSSOrs  in  the  seininari.  -  liy  appi-o\;il  or 
DON  than  it  now  posses-, 
a  majority  of  the  srininarii-s  :  ami  that  . 
other  conditions  asked  in  resjH-rt  t..  tin-  . 
of  profess*  »rs  simply  i,  d  in  sni 

and   .'IT.'.-!    witli  \vhai  was   known   a^  tin- 
inent  of  I4- 

Tin-  srminarii-s  ..f  Omaha   and  hnlin<|i. 
adopted  all  tin-  recoimnendations  of  the  (i 
Assembly.    The  directors  and  truM.-.-s  of  I 
t'-n   Seminary  ae.jnieseed    in    ami    \\ 
-ympathy  with  the  sentiment  of  the  rev,, 
l.ul  were'  advised  hy  their  conn-el  thai  th- 
ter  of  the   -em;'  died   snli-tanli.. 

that  the  Assembly  was  seeking  to 
Yet  thev  would  con-ent  to  an  amendment  if  the 
Assembly  still   wi-hed    it.     |The   A—  emi, 
vised  amendment  "in  order  to  put   the 
'1   all  possible  question.")     T; 
i-ii    Seminary.    Allegheny.   I'.-i..  (,,n 
that  seminary  already  in  the  position  \\ln,  I,  the 
A->.inl>ly  was  seeking   to  e-talili-h.     Tin 
tors  of  Danville  Seminary  had  n  to  adopt 

the  recommendation-  a-  to  l.y 
their  con-t  itution.  Imt  feared  that    their- 
could   not  he  amended    without    da- 
fciture.     [The  Assembly  retjiiesteil   th.-b. 
secure    -uch   legislation'   a>  they  could    \\ 
imperiling     their   charter.)      The    -emim; 
San  l''rancisco  being  under  syncxlical  conn,,],  it 
was  deemed  best  to  defer  action  until  after  the 
next   meeting  of  the  synod.     Lam-  Srmin. 
Cincinnati,  had  been  vi-ited  by  a  -ubcoii;' 
who  found  the  trustees   ready  'to  do  all  ii, 
power  to  bring  the  institution  into  d«>s.  • 
lions  with  the  Church.     The  report  of  tl. 
mittee  and   its  recommendations,    with  ti 
lowing  rexdutions.  w, 
to  !•!•: 

1.  That  it  i-thc-  sense  «.f  tin-  Assi-rnl.l;. 
semMy  of  l-;»4  <li<l  not  inten.l  t<>  pn-pnr 
any  change  in  the  tenure  "r  • 
ert'y  of  the  .-eiu'inaries  ..r   t--  •!••  :m\  tliii. 

Utleet     the    atlt<'l|,,' 

.-ai-1    reeoiiMlien.l;,-  intel|.|ed    • 

ineaiiirii'  and  etV«  . 

jH>rt.    This  As-einlily.  in  reafflrmlnff  the  ri- 

ot* the  Aweinhly  of   js'.t}.   ,|,,.-,   ~,,   with 
purpose  .,f  leaving  tin-  tenure  and  title  to  all  ]•' 

of  the  -  \    \\liere  th- 

.iriou-.  >M>unU    of  tru-teei,  aii-i   u 


fnrtlier  purjx>»e  of  ?«eeuririL'  the 
Assembly.  a»  an   elleetive   for--.    Ky  eh;.r 
nn<l  of  Mfeguardinj?  l»v  charter  'le,-l:,r!it  . 
hel-1  niid  to  IH-  held    l»y  IxianU  of  tru-' 
perversion  or  mi- 

'icral  AwicriibU  r 

nftlM-    A.-M-lllt.ly    Of  1  -.M.  Hlld.   ill    Vi- 

made  an«l  the  im|K»rtanee  of  the 
-  that  in  its  ju-; 

Continued  to  seeun:    the   adoption    il 
Assembly  *M  plan  by  nil  the  -('iiiiti:. 

'  ;it  a  eonui  ;.oinled  to    i 

eharjre  of  thi*  matter,  and  to  make  reiK.i 

(icncral  Assembly. 


was  further 


m*t«l  to  in- 


a  rr«»u-»U' 

^^K  wa«  tra.;. miiu»d  lo  the  omareUaina,  and  afcM* 

nr  committee  haa  aJdreaaad  nothing  |o  It.   The 

»M»mhTrlm  ha*   aofcoovledjred  the  receipt  of  the 

^^Bar.    '1 

STartion  -I  •  -  .» 

ofedeaireoQi<M«rt  th.t  . 


• 


>i>iv.  your  nniiaimn  pro-     ^£* 

' 
ConTeotion  •hall  take  ae-     . 


aebOe.1  m.t.l  th.-  «.,n,-r«l  «  on«fJM    I  -  •     take • 


u  from  thepreabytMT.    one  hundred  oyrtir  i«*«Mhl    of    tW    n, 

rve  have  been  reported  aa  bavin*  takco  rhun  h  ertit  a  rrM«M^v»  frw< 

fc-t...n.Ml,ll,.,,ian     of  tlM«OMexpreaaed  their  dia.  SotrtEfVPrlibfto 

apwm  al  of  the  plan,  without  fivinf  any  ria>nrii  or  , 

advice ;   17   have  dUapprofad,  ao»»         "XJZSZf***'  **  ^^ 


MC  Uieir  dlMpproval  with 

exprt-M  »t<|>n>\al  •>(  th, 


r  a,T,.n.v,,l  of  th,  ,,U: 

lhatan..j..r:-.     '   •  •     '      •  N     -      .   - 

-.11  are  In  .yw      ' 
a   laiv  nuiu^r  ..f 

tfttlonatobe  « 


Swrh^SSnSoB     t*.»ani4«firt»..1Vlj*Vto|»|*»«*rK 
ve^em^M^e^a^Ml^S 
VMM  w»O  oeaee*  e»     cvrv  wvoawMi^BV^ev^ejv^e^ev^e^e^vi 

•  l^^«4i^»  IMA  IM>*       ^,A ji ,     «^     g^^^^^^^j^^ 

''    ;    " 

vncoe  toirMaf  ta»  uewtM  Aewtavy  •MVWW 
ii«-t,  haa  a  etroaf  bold     »»-«i«,ti%i».ili'  i    a^*«rr  vaa  retawMel ' 


JV       ._    -»!-.«-«    «.    W«.«^»  W 

ith  thr  flr*t  plan  ajrread  upon     pfovtaM  u       •••  w ^^ 

.ut  a  furthe/eibrt  to  reaAa    aoe^  tylp  jyk*  J^^^y^".^^  ]jgJa 

.h  J^^.^jVl.!1    SI  Z2L  M^^eM  M  .«aie*aJ~ 


170 


PRBSBTTBBIANa 


nuK  proper  and  advantageous:  so  as  eventually  to 

-••  .    ,.        •.••-..••:!.,.!• 
work."    (Baird*  Digest,  p.  8W.) 

-enersJ  Assembly  of  18M  affirmed  that 
It  b  the  pri  «bytery  to.iin.t   -the 

a  of  their  student-  uiil.in  reasonable  limit* 


- 


Ayf  A* 


an.l  to 


n.Unce  at  institutions  disap; 

v        ••»!-.!-•• 
otore,  Inasmuch  z 


tfon  of  the  Church  is  obligatory  on  all  i-rc*! 

that  In  accordance  with  the  ; 


provi- 
sions •  «... \.-riiinent    nUvc    cited,  the 
',       .         .  -••  .  ted  an  i  •  njoined 
not  to  receive  under  its  car<  tudents 
•r  pur]  •  we  to  purMic  their  studies 
in  theological  seminarieii  n*i                  ose  teaching 
the  General  Assembly  disavows  responsibility. 

A  special  committee  was  appointed  to  con- 

aider  the  »  hole  subject  of  yonm;  i Boole's  soci- 
eties and  their  relations  to  the  Churc-h.  and  re- 
port to  the  next  General  Assembly.  Concern- 
ing UM  «*neral  finance  of  the  Church  and  its 
boartU.  the  Committee  on  Systematic  Henevo- 
lence  reported 

That  the  decrease  in  receipts  was  much  smaller. 
considering  the  crippled  finances  of  the  eountrv  und 
of  the  Church,  than  might  have  been  reasonably  ex- 
pected, and  advised  that  an  apportionment  be  made 
to  the  different  presbyteries  of  the  various  amount* 


.ill   the 

of  the  Church;  this  apportionment  should 
be  batirl  upoo  the  average  percentage  of  t! 
gregalionaJ  expenses  and  total  offering*  made  by  the 
presbyteries  during  the  past  two  years,  less  bequests. 

A  minute  was  adopted,  in  view  of  a  recent 
Marion  ,'ress    on     Sundav.    protesting 

iv,«  1  1  ranch  of  the  Gov.-ru- 
ment  of  the  people  of  the  United  States  at  any 
time  violating  the  law  of  God  by  meeting  or 
continuing  in  session  on  the  Sabbath  day." 
The  Assembly  recommended  : 

That  citizens  of  the  United  States  who  fee)  justly 
aggrieved  by  the  action  of  the  late  Congress  in  n*- 
nuunin*  in  session  on  the  Lord's  Day  be  it-, 
and  urged  to  send  petitions  to  both  Houses  of  «  ton- 
(IMS,  petitioning  the  Congress  of  the  United  States 
to  have  respect  onto  the  God  of  the  universe  by 
observing  hi.  law  touching  the  proper  observance  of 
the  Sabbath  da. 


The 
UM 


on  temperance, besides  reaffirming 
temperance  deliverances  of  the  as- 
in  unbroken  line  for  more  than 
eighty  years,"  urged  the  importance  of  endeav- 
oring to  secure  the  election  and  appointment  to 
onVuU  position  of  men  of  clean  records  on  the 
subject;  recommended  the  more  diligent  in- 
sUocUon  of  children  and  youth  upon  it;  and 
ii|ma«iil  the  judgment  of  tj,,.  Assembly  t 
TW  time  has  come  when  Christian  in- 
directly and  with  power  at 
sod  that  all  voters  connected  with 
are  itrged  to  vote  against  the  granting 
for  the  Mle  of  UitoEicatingliquors; 

the  de-iraliilityof  de- 
enforcement  of    the   liqu'or  law 
the  land ;  and  declaring  that 
*  U  the  duty  of  the  Church  of  Jesus 
••»*«  the  appearance  of  evil,  and 
^yMSu  belief  that  danger 
Hlt-1*  w™*  •*  fl»e  communion 
*«4-mbly  that 


is)  law 


vne  fulttlb  every  condition 


The  present  ycAr  was  the  twenty  fifth  \ 

se  •'("  this,  the  n-iii, 

( 'hnrch  as  u  single  l»«.«l\ .  after  a  division  t  li 
lasted  many  year-  int<>  t\\..  i.r.-m.-he-.  i-,  • 
known  severally  as  the  old  S-h...,!  ;,nd  tl 
i    GenertJ    As«M-ml»lii-.    tin-   uni..n    i 
rormally  ronsiiiiiiimtcil  in  1*7<>.  in  tli. 
in  ( 'hureh  of  1'il  t-liiir •_-.  I'a..  1 1n 
ohorOO  in  \vhidi   the   j.r«-senl    (n-neral   A^ 
was  h«-ld.     An  rvi-nini;  ses-ion  on  Tli 
28,  was  devoted  t<>  the  .•,!.•!. ran,. n  of  ii,,  • 
wedding    "f  the    Cnited    ch.nvh."      Addresses 
were    ina.l.-    mi    "The    l'n-1. \teriiin 

',•  ."   \>\      IVevid.-nt      I 

I'riii'', -ton    University  :  "  Tic-    Inlln- 
Presbyterian  church  upon  other  (  i 

;•  Ml  rii-nry  M.  MiMith.  of  Auluirn  Ti 
miimry  :  'and  "The  (in.uih  and  Fir 
the    fnit,,!   ('linn-h."   hy  W.    II 
Stated  Clerk   of  the  General   A-.-n.l.ly.      |»r. 
lioberts's    paper   contained    a    hi-: 
union  niul  a  view  of  the  growth  of  the  < 
.since  it  was  effected.     Of  the  history,  it  -aid 

The  Presbyterian  Chureh  in  the  I'niU'd  States  of 
AnnTiea  WSJI divided  int«>  t\vi.  IxKlics  iii   Js;(s 
by   theological    ditJ'erener^,   hut    mainly    ti]>.>r 
or    policy    and    adminwtration.      The    , 

Churches  t'eiierally   h.. 

trinal  ^m-sti«.n>,  tlie    wedk'e  <•{'  «i. 

it.-*  keen  and  scparat'in/  <-«L'e  s'-n,.-   ],: 
(|ii«->ti'.n  which  all  JKTMHIW  c-an   un 
which   all   are   in   h"ine  manner  c..nnc.  • 
cliief  amon^  practical  «iuc.sti«.n-  wa.-  tin 

•••rian    Church     <.f    it> 
thr'iu-_'h  agencies  under  its  own  control.    Thai  ques- 

ti"Ti    wax   M-ttlcd    fur   the   <  >ld    Sch-«'l    Cinirci 

cn-ation   "f  the  !'• 

!-i"ii-  in  1838,  and  bv  the   New   School   ('In. 

1862,  by  the  estahlislimcnt.  in   response  to  t 

mandaofiti  ministers  and   memlien-.  of  the   i 
•mmittoe  of  H..H, 

the  initial  step  in  reunion,  for  it  WILS  the  full  . 

ance  on  the  j.art  of  tli< 

that  the  Church  must  control  ita  own  atr<  ' 

decisive  act  was  foil., wed  four  veurs  later  !•• 

posal  for  reunion  made  hy  the  New  S,  hool 

bly,  a  proposal  reeeiv.-.l  by  the  <  Hd  S--h,M,l  A- 

in  the  fraternal  spirit  which  promj.t.-d  it. 
-    were    curried    forward     !•;• 
;  by  the  General  Assemblies  of  I.  • 

until  May,  ]*•'>'.>.  when  the  two  As.-cmhlics,  <•••'. 

in  the  hat  is  oaUsfl 

the  u  baarn  of  union  "  to  the  pn - 
•ration.     The  answere  to   t! 
I    at    1'ittshurir.    I'a.   at    an    adjourne-i 

intf  hehl  in  this  Third  Church  in  Novcmlx  • 

ll]x'n    ttie 

the  alHnnativc  to  3  in  tl;. 
New  School  preanyteriex  voting  in  favor 

<Ml    N.iV.    1-J    tlie  tWO  As.Kem}plie.H.  led   J,y   • 

and  now  sainted   men.  MelanchUlOQ  W. 
I'hih-n  1  Fouler,  entered  urn. 

thin  historic  editic.-  an-1   pro,-laime.i.  in  the   • 
<;-Kl,  the  reunion  of  the  two  i 
The  completion  of  reunion  was  folloue<|  \,\  t!  < 
ering  of  th-  riere  and  «• 

lies  into   what  wax  known  as  • 
ation. 

that    time,  the  Chim-h   ha»*   nr 
mnrke  .  -iy    all    tl.- 

ehurch  activity,  as  nhown,  fir»-t.  hy  the  ntati- 
"rganization.H  and  |K-n»on*.     Tin-  ! 
stead  of  being  diminished  l>y  the  union 
iKxlic*.  increased  from    4."._". 
Ordnined  rn '•  numbered 

in  1894  6.341.    The  coinmtn 
increased  in  the  quarter  century  to  895,997,  • 


PREBBYTERlAXa 


-      •          •-'......•   9m 

<»Uv  la 

'     - 
-rf    M»eaJea*U,«aU»»:, 


i».ut;..u.  ..,,.-...  . 

••I  lr«  than  in  IHW.    Tb. 
»urm.67 

b-eohool    detriment  |  h. 

n  had  been  reomniaed ;  tire  ' 

rectipn  had  aided  in  the  1 

edifice*,  of  a  total  value  aiated  in  Maia  of  from  $81  to  fa . 

i-ani    ,.f    H, .me       The  Eueartfo  Ooaaadltee  ef  ' 

Hi.OOO  wrut  of  the  ported  total  net 
i«'ii.  \irtually  ui 


ssuwth  D^"1;*^^^^ 

I'M    Ikianl     ""whig  ifTTwHUMwl  bH  fftltf  5  tttttf  tflnl 


work 

>inf  iiuii.i-  r  of  had  been  amaMil 

wee  leai  than  The  Ksemt 

to  the  rhurvh  rrtoriKd  » 

and  the  been 


••^^M  tuuwiuiiB  wrrv   OMIUK    i"i    »••«    I««»IH-»  ••      MUM    ti«-i«ri«iriii    ow    ww    ^MC^PWC.   «•    w^W 

<>    M04>a¥tobeaniMaii  JaitWeaea^t  Wat 


urch    Ihirtr-four  caw»    e       we)  afte*        r»»*  iW 

.- 

in   1870.     The  e*t«bliahment  of    A«enbly  ol  IM,  |Mv»  bed  bvie)  iMHd  t»  ft 


MlanVmary  Society  vae    wbtte  oancrafBtfaM  and  taW  la>  • 

i  .   KM     I   i      *  •  • 

man's  Kx<v  Marab  8 

:  ihr  w,.rk     '  ttaV8  bad 

Ions  among  the  freedmen  was  a*riin»*d  Jfonrv  fund 

•meietiea  had 

«um  of  $680.000  t.  --rt  bonaaj 

t  I'          M.      IQfajl    m  ~      ItMl  i        .!••»«••«•     8a^aft     ejaiaekJa> 

••aW4WT     WOrK.         rnttfl      |0|V     t'1      I^M        <lwMMaW    V 

•s    loaned  bad  bMa)  | 

•«vm 

and   513.550   infant*  wcrr     —  uiu  t*0»«n  t* 


880,000,  as  against  1 .040,000  |*raons  added  on 


PRESBYTER] 


The  Executive  Committee  on  c, 

grluuiiioii.  in  u  >  fourth  annual  urixil 

the  expenditure  f.-r  the  year  as  having  been 
$3,900,  and  n?|>orted  (hat  Jfl.-Ml  wen*  in  tlu> 
llOHUii  Tli.-  work  of  the  committee  and  of 
•  fraii  ing  Col  m  -1  Ministers,  a? 
Ala.,  had  Uvn  DMBMMd  for  lack  of 
A  tract  of  300  acres  of  land  had  )><••  n 
obtained,  on  which  a  l.uilding  for  church  and 
sjohool  purposes  was  in  course  of  •  r.-<-n..n.  The 

...jM-d  loin-  III.!.'  to    !  :,  rnrly 

.    iu..rv   commodious   building    for 

.,ry  purposes;  also  machine  and  car- 
V  shops    blacksmith    shops.    brick 
ftawmill*.  and  other  needed  improvements.    At 
fa*  $0,000  were  need,  d  m  ^-t  the  school  int.. 
„.     Manj   -f  the  i—  t   rtudentl 
Me  institute  wore  married  men,  some 
of  thnn  with  largo  families. 

!y's  Home  and  School,  at  I-Vd- 
.-_-.  v.i.'.  retarntd  MMta  "f  *i:.r>n, 
which  were  $14.100  in  excess  of  Indebtedness. 
The  object  of  thi*  institution  is  to  maintain  and 
educate  tin*  orphan-  of  mini-ters.  the  children 
of  th«-  foreign  missionaries  who  have  to  be  sent 
for  education,  and  the  children  of  the 
--  •  ,:  .  -  who  labor  in  tield<  destitute 

of  educational  facilities   upon  salaries  in>uffl- 
dent  for  the  education  <>f  their  children. 

A  training  school,  designed  to  give  a  •*  Scrip- 
tural and  sensible  method  of  training  for  Chris- 
tian work,  especially  for  young  women  who 
desire  to  be  fitted  for  home  or  foreign  mis- 
sionaries," was  to  be  opened  at  Fredericksburg 
In  September,  1805. 

The  receipts  for  foreign  missions  were  $132,- 
88$,  or  $0.106  less  than  the  receipts  of  the  pre- 
vious year,  and  the  dj-i MI rsements  exceeded  the 
receipts  by  $1.877.  The  fiVal  year  had  closed 
••t  and  leaving  a  balance  in  the  treas- 
ury, in.  hiding  the  Congo  Boat  fund,  of  $16,865. 
Twelve  new  missionaries  had  been  sent  out,  2 
missionaries  had  died,  and  5  had  returned  to 
the  United  States,  On  account  of  dissensions 
that  had  occurred  there,  the  Cuba  mission  had 
been  suspended  for  the  present  A  project  for 
•»jf  a  boat  for  the  use  ,,f  the  minions  on 
•  -  „•  r  ..r.  f,,r  which  *lo.:;*o  had  been 
contributed  had  been  delayed  till  the  need  for 
the  boat  became  more  evid 

The  General  Assembly  met  at  Dallas,  Texas. 
The  Rev.  <  .,-hill.  I>.  I).,  of 

Louisville,  Ky..  was  unanimously  chosen  mod- 
erator. A  number  of  overtures  wer« 
on  the  subject  of  organic  union  with  the  North- 
cm  Church,  some  of  which  asked  for  the  ap- 
a commit  ••••  <>f  !•  to  confer  with  a 
of  that  Church,  while  a  varie- 


tfof  views  were  expressed  in  the  others.  To 
tMat  a  reply,  unanimously  adopted,  was  re- 
U»nw«t  that  -the  Assembly  d< 

>  to  affaato  these  quest  jon*  at  t  hi- time,  and 

*  on  record  its  -  of  since: 

*  «nd  Oirtrtian  affection  for  that   honored 
th*  great  Presl..  .  hun-h.  with 

,*•  "o*  have  the  closest  fraternal  rela- 
A  ktter  was  read  fn-m   the   Franco- 
asking    for 
«nt  in  its  eftV 
«M  adopted  reconling 
the  -under  love  of  the  Assem- 


My  to   id.-    IliiLTiienoi    Cliurch  in   !•'• 
lliendiii.u'  it   to  Hi,    pra\er-..  >\  mpath: 
of     the     peopl,-."     and      Inviting     til 
churches  to  eontril.iitc  regularlx  t-.th,.  1 
Aineriraii    coiniiii  —  ion.     An    iiivitalioii    : 

rWJ   t..  participate    in    the 
.hint-   :  -i    in.rlii, 

\    in   the   I'MJI,  d 
near  Monmouth.  N.  .1..  in   170( 

vsed  its  great   interest   in  all   n 
cerniti-  the  founding  and  .  arl\  stu. 

Presbyterians  in  this  country,  and  : 

gates  t<>  MI  tend   tin-  eeleliratioii  at   tin 

.       «»|i    the  sill.j.-et    of  the  ol 

indeprndent    colored    I'roliyterian   (Inn 
Assembly  declared   that    the   ultiin.i 
out  of   such    a  had    always    I.. 

policy   of   the   Church.     I  Miring  the   pa- 
years  steady  progress   had   Wei,  i 
this  goal.     The  cniestion  of  orp-ini/at  i<-n 
fenvd  to  ;  '  .ind  syncxl 

for  such  action   as   ihcy  might  sec   pn.|  . 
their  concurrence  i>  ohtained,  and   if  tin 
raised  justify  such  organization  in  the  ju>: 
of  the  Committee  of  Colored  I 
sjMx-ial  committee  was  authorised  • 
the  time  and  place  for  effecting  il 
I  ion   and    ivpre>.-iii     the   Asseinbly   in    tl.- 
«-efdim:<.     A  report   on  young  people's  s- 
was  adopted   with  a   constitution   and    !• 
government.    The  act  ion  of  the  previous 
bly  declining  to  forbid  affiliation  with  th< 
ties  of  other  (  'hurches  and  enjoining  the  M 
to  maintain  a  careful  oversight   of  the 
ami    influence  of  such  associations  was  . 
ated.    A  special  warning  was  gi\< 
the  danger  to  which  young  and  inexpei 
persons  are  exposed  from  attendance  upo: 
and    promiscuous  conventions   which    an 
under  ecclesiastical   control."     The  Com 
of  Education  was  authorized  to  grant 
unmarried  women  who  are  under  the  , 
the  Committee  of  Foreign   Mi  —  ions  win  • 
suing  their  studies  in  the  training   -eh 
the  Church.     The   standing    Committee  • 
SaliKath   reported   that   only  a   few 


mentioned   improvement    in  their  r< 
a  g-neral  survey  of  the  field  showed  a  • 
grade"  movement;  that  the  gn.wii 
among  Christians  to  admit  the  secular  spbtt 
into  their  homes  was  to  be  deplored:  and  that 
it   was  a  matter  of  deep  regret  that  so 
difference  e\jst<  ainoii::   Christians   as   t< 
constitute   lawful   and    unlawful    work- 
Sabbath   day.     The    Permanent    Commi" 
the  Sabbath,  which  was  commissioned    • 
•us    (Jeiieral    A--emMy    to     ••mi-id. 
whole   ijue-ri.  n   of   Sabbath   ol 


the  changed  conditions  of  modern  li 

that 

ral   trend   i- 

views   and     pnu-ticen,   and    that 
affirmed  by  (iod'n  people  the  da> 
it.-*  hoM  u|K>n  the  maraeti.     I 
the    line   \VJLH  sharply    dr 
Churobes  and  the  world,  it 

the  d<'<-liri<-    w«-re   «-(>ntined    simply    t-.    the    r,ut.-id« 
world,  there  would  be  little  or  no  ground  t 
NUT.  iinfortunatelv.  tlii-  U  u 
indifference  i-   likewise   invading  the  rank- 
C'liurch.    There  is  a  large  class  among  all  denon,;na- 


PRBBBYTKHUXa 


•th  the  ••etftloo  ef  tuiliiiin  sad 


[I.  a.  any  ui.-  •  «** 

••-•'....;• 


rill  never  be  able  u>  •bake,  i 

•UfOlfbold    Of    • 

will  bemorethr 


•     - 


.!,.,„  .u«d  ..^^l*1""'1  '"  "  "j — rh  mm  •ILL  ru 

and   unitedly  May  «L    TW  lUv.  J  1  MclHrU.1.  |TK  .i 

Mints  and  Perpetual  Mortiiy  of  ,»,;.  .  hoara  moderator.    Aa  at**  ft».t* 

o  really  and  truly  ctpeet  Ibe  dating  Uto  asrvicas  at  lA*  essMSSM  p  7fla» 

>iwoder  that  reverence  and  re>pect  b.                             J  O.C^fSex  wt  a*l  U»I  «a» 


\ ... 


ale  ju.ll/  its  due. 

T  to  an  overture,  fmm  the  fttebjlety 
oomolaining  of  the 
professional  singers  in  the  churches 
nsabjrtery  to  the  t»ra- 

•k  ,.f  churrh  Order,  in 
«>f  th<-  * -hurdi  session  U  deAnetl.  ami 

Of  each    «  hi.r.  h    1-  .::!..  t.  .1  "  t.,   |»U 

•ic  ringing  in  the  pt 

s   enioine*!  such  oversight  by    *"}*Z£ 
as   would    make   the   music  coo- 
Church  standards.    The  Awrrobly 
«d  the  deliverances  of  previous  Avam- 
f»  Che  MI.  ruperance,  and  -wnh- 

•   the    political    a»f 
nperanco  reform."  urpr*!  UJKHI  all 

ilutv  «.f  lining  all  legitimate  inratf  t«« 
se  of  good  citizenship.c»prt  mlly 
liquor 

•  •prei-ateil  the  inooosistrt 
^tians  who  rent   their  property 
xwes.**    A  letter  of  rrat.nial 
was  sent  to  the  Northern  General  A»- 
En    which,   after    congratulating    that 
»n  attaining  tin- 

'  ited  Chun-h.  the  Assembly  said : 

we  with  you  in  all  the  ftinilsineatal 
urvh.    Morteipo- 

belovcd.  we  thank  yt.u  for  that  truly 
••ate  appreciation  of  our  »p«m 
or  letter  so  very  preekxia  sad  ao  fra- 


We  are  fully 

iirmal  «j-;r-t 
•N  to  oa. 


by  .V  a»; 

by  ta*  HHtai  cf  lit  Cfcwrt 


1  reveal  oven  thai  unto 

•    A 


H-  in  full  fraternity  Presbyterian  ilrarrfc.  tta,  lisjl  law  tal  ^ ,. 

,-•;••:..•  .-  •••  -  -. 

anything  we  differ  . 

ua  and  take  away  iKmjtiS*  mSUSS^fSl^cSlf+^i 


.  ,todPr«H*bTtrrlan(hnnl 

i  table*  of  thb  Churrh 

give  it  HOI  ministers,  896  churchy  and 

inta. 

Wons  in  India  were  carried  on  at  II 

;,.nr,l 

nuricn,    18   single    women,   t 
Marie*.  0  native  mmMef*. 
native   helpern.  8.058  communicant 
*,  ami  3;J>*9  Uipti/.  .1  *•]>'*.••,•      . 

an.l     l« 

T!  .  rontriboUnnahir 
fturnnsrs  went*  fltt. 
«l  new—  wtf» 

n  the  hmpitnla.     The  nn»»    n  in  FVc'f** 
•  >nlaiiuNl  American  miv«non»nr»  «n.| 
wives  ami  8  unmarricil   woman  mMn«- 
«*§;  88  organixrd  congregations.  19  of  which 

TOL.  XXXT.—  43  A 


'h  4.600  pupils. 
un-h 


appfort  J  to  br  a  i 

4ffrfca*v*a*  u 

etirr  of  M*ho9pM»t  «f 

tlMfWof  a  psssj  of 
fiJ«asiCi 

..,-. 


MlifK  MM  WOf 


A  fr^M^itfor    w  MN 

%»4«CtfM    TW 


ri:i-:suvTi-:i:iANs. 


of  the  votes  of  the  presbyteries  on  the 
two  overtures  concerning  ront  rol  bv  the  <  i 
Assembly  over  the  theological  seminaries,  which 
had  been  sent  down  in  the  previous  year,  showed 
that  both  overtures  had  been  adopted  by  very 
Ian*,  i  !.e  overtures  were: 

1.  Shall  the  General  Alterably  have  the  veto  power 
in  the  election  of  profeMont  in  our  theological  semi- 

1  Shall  the  General  Assembly  have  the  power  to 
move  a  pcofo-or  for  untoundnen  in  the  frith  f 

The  overtures  were  declared  enacted  as  a  part 
of  the  constitutional   law  of  the  Church. 
entered  as  such  in  the  Book  of  Government  on 
the  approval  by  the  presbyteries  of  the 

ftanges  to  be  made  in'that  book,  provided 
that  this  action  was  not  to  be  taken  a-  interfer- 
ing with  the  vested  rights  of  synods  cxen-i-in- 
control  over  existing  seminaries  further  than 
may  be  indicated  in  the  language  of  the  over- 
tures themselves.  It  was  ordered  that  the  di- 
rectors of  the  seminaries  be  required  to  report 
annually  on- all  matters  coming  under  the  over- 
eight  of  the  Assembly.  A  committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  negotiate  with  the  synods  having 
control  of  theological  seminaries  with  a  view  i<> 
the  adjustment  of  any  apparent  or  alleged  dis- 
crepancies between  this  action  and  their  char- 
tered rights. 

riued  l'rr>hyt<-rian<  hiircli.—  The 
Svnod  of  the  Reformed  Presbyterian  Church  in 
XWth  Americametat  Denver,  Col.,  June  6.  The 
Rev.  J.  MUligan  Wylie.  of  Denver,  was  chosen 
moderator.  The  condition  of  the  mission  in 
Turkey,  which  was  embarrassed  by  opposition 
of  the  officers  of  the  Government,  was  considered, 
The  subject  of  the  appointment  of  missionaries 
to  China,  decided  upon  three  years  before,  but 
not  yet  carried  into  execution,  was  referred  to 
the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions.  More  than 
•1000  had  been  deposited  in  the  treasury  for 
the  purpose  of  this  work.  The  report  on  na- 
tional reform  recognized  in  the  society  called  the 
National  Reform  Association,  an  organization 
which  aimed  to  provide  a  way  by  which  all  who 
favor  such  a  radical  change  in  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States  as  will  make  it  distinctive- 
ly Christian  and  yet  are  not  prepared  to  accept 
the  Covenanter  Church's  position  of  political 
dissent, -can  consistently  co-operate  in  a  com- 
mon effort  to  bring  this  nation  into  acknowl- 
•dfsd  subjection  to  Christ"  The  association 
was  therefore  recommended  to  the  continued 

*S  kS?SL§apport  of  thc  niters  °f  the  Church, 
•nd  $7.000  was  appropriated  to  assist  in   its 


The  report  on  "  Testimony  bearing,"  or 
ration  of  political  dissent,  showed  that 
had  been  carried  on  with  vi^or,  and  thc 
Jent  of  Dr.  McFarland  as  the  Synod's 
r««  the  subject  was  continued.    A  report 
««on  with  the   Woman's  Christian 
Union,  the  Young  Men's  Christian 
the  Christian  Endeavor  societies, 


'  "nd  " 


for  thc  °°- 


-,    ---,-.-  ^WJ8****  *««  mean*  usi'd  in 
LT    Yet,  inasmuch  as  the  Synod 

*VS35  ~«wr'ai±2 


mended  iliat  t  ho  people  of  tho  (Mnuvh  I,,.  v. 
when  taking  part    in   ronvriition*  f,,r   moral  n». 
f«>rni  and  <'th,-r  purposrs  \vhrrc  human  r 

1  t..  j.artii  i 

use;  and  that  tin-  iiitlu.'ii.v  of  ihr  S\ 
so  far  as  nossiblo  to  have  an  Minspin-d 
mody"  used  in  all  these  con \,  ni  ion>.     |  (,, 
logical  S.-minary  was  drclan-d   (,|,,-n   f.,r 
women  who  desire  to  111  tin m-. 

n^olistic  work.     Tin-  n-nlutio'. 
contemplating  the  limi- 
ordaining  of  \v..nn-n  to  pr.-ai-h  tin   ' 
the  bcttrr  qualiflcation  <>f  \\\<^<-  \vh«.  d<>  n. 
ary  work   at    ln>mo  or  abroad   f<>r  t! 
Thani.  "ted  to  the  Govrnmimt 

t'nitod  States   T.r  pro tcction  gi\i-n   to  f 
siomirirsin  Turk  rtsto  l.rin-tho  i: 

chuivhcs  in  Syria  to  a  standard  OlSelf-sii 
were  advised. 

\  .   (  iimhcrlaiid     rn-Nh\trrian    Minrrli. 

1  'liun-li    rrturn- 

2,884  clinr<-hos  and  !!<:{. ::'.»:{  coinmniii 
Ciimhcrland    l'n-l.\  t.-rian  Chun  h.  « 

400  ministers,  250  cnurches,  and 

The  receipts  of  thc  IJnard  «>f  l-lducat  ion  ; 
year  had  been  $10,002,  or  $1,00")   n 
the  previous  year.     Thc  nnml»<  r  of  pr«>l>:r 
in  schools  of 'all  grades  was  returned  u- 

The  Board  of  Publication  reported   tl. 
indebtedness  of  the  |)ui>li>liin^  hoii^e  ha 
nduccd  by  about  $4,000,  while  $14,782  wn 
it,  and  that  thc  net   piin  of  the  y.-ar  \\a 
than  $3,000.     The  sales  amounted  to  $K»; 

Of  the  recorded  Christian  Kndeavor  sod^^H 
550  in  number,  with  a  probable  members 
16,000,  only  J350  ha<l  reported,  with  TJ.ooo  mem- 
bers.   Ninety-two  of  these  were  junior  so< 
with  2,265  members. 

Five  educational    institutions  —  Cuml 
University,  Lincoln  University,  Missouri  \ 
College,  Trinity   University,  and    \VH\I 
College— returned    1,040   literary    students.  193 
ministerial  and  78  law  students. and  1 1:',  M  ud.-nis 
not  classified,  with  funds:    productive 
ment,     $311,884;    nonproductive    eml 
$123,000;  and  buildings  and  gnmnd 

The    Board    of    Mis-ions    returned    the    total 
amount   received   for   its   work   a-   I 
$71,884,  the  largest  sum  ever  reported  in  asiv 
gle  year.     It  had  the  .- 1  honn  rnii^ 

churches,  while  much  activity  was  inanif«-'.-l 
in  State  organizations.    The  foreign  work  was 
carried  on  in  Mexico,  where  a  further  develop- 
ment of  the  schools  was  advised,  and  in  .la;  m. 
The  sum   of  $2,183  had    been    loaned   in  m 
Church  Krection  hepart ment,  in  In-half  of  wfe^ 
increased  interest  appeared  to  be  tna 
thc  churches. 

The  treasurer  of  the  Woman's  Board  of  For- 
eign Missions  reported  that  thc  receipts  f 
id  been  $15,267.  or  including  the  l>a 
from  thc  previous  year,  $18.685. 

The  sixty-fifth  General  Assembly  met 
ridiat,.  .    Hi.     The  Rev.  M.  !',  h- 

I).  I).,  of  Missouri,  was  chosen  mod. 
appeal   was  i    from    Nolin    I'reO 

asking  for  a  reopen inp  of  the  en 
lev.  which  arow  in  the  General   As-emhly  of 
1803,  and  for  a  deliverance  as  to  her  right. - 
ordained  preacher.    Two  reports  w< •?•«• 
The  majority  report  denied  the  validity 


l-i:i  Bl  n  •  \«- 


M±«ILIS  g"^~.«g^^^..*  *»*• 

~- 1  i  hat     operation. 

&33UR  tJUSffigsM, 
Siaa^^StS? 

SB*   JJ*"-  *J";  *  §H||>I«*»  «UW»  * 

*£*>•». 

Jtaamuc 
.IJWef( 


was  adopted.    lUM. 
'.e  theo.     Mission 


on  contemplating  the    fund 
*  the  nomination  of    nlk 


y  pleasure  at  effort*  tMfl  W'T'-  being  Mfl      • 

iity  school 

f  raining    <>f   ' 'uiuU-rland     I'resbyt 

A  declaration  was  mad. 
rnatic  and  |»r 
:.m  of  at  least  one  ' 

tome  for  the  supper  •  ian  work,  and 

lasures  were  advised  for  encouraging  the  gen- 
H  adoption  an.    The  report  on  tern- 

tian 

Usens  to  vote  and  labor  f..r  tln»  suppression  of 
•r  traffic.    The  Assembly  advised  thai  a 
iri*tian  Kndeavor  union  be  fonned  in 

^approved  .an 

^odeties,  and  suggested  that  a  series  of 

ts  of  the  hist. 

•  tbyterian  Church,  a  statement  of  Chris- 

in-  of  the  Cumber- 

•<  -by!,  rm  .  systematic  giving, 

•day  schools  and  Sunday-echool  work,   (ho 
*i>ry  of  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Kndeavor 

he  men  and 

the  Church.    The  report  on  Sabbath 
•ervance  recommended  that  minister*,  church 
and  members  pledge  themselves  to  be 
.oSabbath  day  holy: 
declared  pastors  and  elders  to  be  largely  respon- 


|u,,;.. 
ecnools  were 

were   9S4.IIS.    T 


tnthew^tottyfc^fciaXwfA 


of  Chris-  added  dvring  UM  MBT  :  ans)  the  wlbilt  nsjasfear 

LsElS  ^P^££^!sVii£  *?r.y* 

w?the  The  total  teaeipH  ibr  heaw  •J^JCBisV 

Cmleavnr  inc  what  had  bean  i n  ii  ill  w?  Ike  Matf 


IM 

trnr^f-T  the  «,fk. 

eeiptsof  the 

rs«inu 


'»•  growing  neglect  of  the  Sabbat* : 

and  condemned  Sunday  nulr-ad  tfasM,  Bn    SJ 

newspapers,  and  Sunday  visiting.    On  the  sub- 

'    Presbyterian  federation   the  Asaemblv 

••«l  that  no  g.\in  would  come  t<>  the  Churrb 

proposed  federation,  while  it 

woul,!  ii  and  needlew  machinery 

andeipense.  and  then  '    •  ntd   ' ••   •»:  r    ^ 

•in.     Preebyteriet  were  instm 
penalty  of  censure,  and  if  necessary  of  dissoln- 
all  candidates  for  ordina- 
tion shall  have  proper  training  and  education. 

rland 
.rch.  Col.-r.  Nashville, 

d  moderator.     About  10 

s*ioners  were  in  attendant.  19  of  whom 

•crs.     Twelve  presbvtrriea,  in    the 

;cky.  Alabama,  Kan- 

an,  Missouri,  and  Illinois,  were  lupfatanted.    A 


on  SI  ustftes  si 
Terrilarfccw  vtthifce 


I'KKSBVTKUIANS. 


rendering  faithful  service  to  him  ;  expressed  it* 
rsjadinoss  to  co-operate  with  all  evangelical 
churches  "  in  advancing  all  t  hose  holy  and  benefi- 
cent ends  for  which  the  Church  of  Chi 

.:rd";  and  reappointi-d  its  Committee 
on  Union,  as  in  past  years,  giving  it  |x>wer  to 
confer  with  any  similar  .presenting 

other  churches,  regarding  matters  • 
unions  or  corporation*,  as  opportunity  mu-ht 
offer.  The  report  on  Sabbath  observance  repre- 
sented that  the  subject  was  pressing  upon  pub- 
.-.ilion  with  increasing  intensity  as  vitally 
identified  with  the  welfare  of  society  and  the 
pi  ogress  of  religion.  The  Assembly  recom- 
amulnil  that  general  conferences  be  held  upon 
it  in  every  pre*  il  urged  the  impor- 

tance of  influencing  legislators,  through  aeon- 
tattoos  or  otherwise,  to  -  risht  views  of  the 
Sabbath  in  relation  to  national  welfare.'  In 
reference  to  the  difficulties  in  the  province  of 
Manitoba  in  connection  with  the  matter  of  pub- 
lic education,  the  Assembly  resolved : 

1.  That  it  belongs  to  tho  state  to  see  that  tho  peo- 
ple receive  such  a  measure  of  education  as  shall  quul- 
tfv  them  f-»r  the  ordinary  duties  of  citizenship.  2. 
While  the  duty  of  giving  definite  and  detailed  reli- 
(ioo*  teaching'must  rent,  above  all,  on  the  parent  and 
the  Church,  yet  tho  system  of  public  instruction 
should  be  based  upon  and  pervaded  by  the  principles 
-tianity.  and  should  give  distinct  place  to  the 
reading  of  the  Scriptures  and  prayer.  8.  Tho  General 
Assembly  does  not  regard  the  system  of  separate 
schools  with  favor,  and  is  strongly  opposed  to  this 
system  in  Canada.  The  Assembly  would  therefore 
deplore  any  attempt  to  interfere  with  the  freedom  of 
Manitoba  i'n  determining  and  regulating  its  own  edu- 
cational attain*.  Such  a  course  in  the  judgment  of  the 
ihly  could  result  only  in  evil,  and  is  not,  wo  be- 


lieve, demanded  by  any  supposed  compact  between 
the  province  and  the  Dominion,  or  between  different 
oUttses  of  people  in  the  province  itself.  4.  Tho  Gen- 
eral Assembly  hopes  that  this  view  will  prevail  with 
the  authorities  of  the  Dominion,  and  would  rejoice 
shoaid  conference  between  the  province  and  the  Do- 
minion lead  to  a  proper  and  harmonious  adjustment 
in  accordance  with  the  view  above  expressed. 

The  report  on  temperance,  reiterated  the  ex- 
pression of  previous  Assemblies  that  "  so  far  as 
legislation  is  concerned,  nothing  short  of  prohi- 
bition, rigidly  enforced  by  the  proper  authori- 
ties, should  ever  be  accepted  as  final  and 


satis- 


Free  Church  of  Scotland.— The  Gen- 
eral Assembly  of  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland 
met  in  Edinburgh  May  28.  The  Kev.  1 
Hood  Wilson  was  chosen  moderator.  With  ref- 
erence U>  union  with  the  United  Presbyterian 
Church,  the  Assembly  declared  that  it  recognized 
that  union  could  not  be  wisely  taken  until  an 
earnest  conviction  in  favor  of  it  pervaded  both 
Clsmnhi  s.  and  directed  the  appointment  of  acorn- 
>itl€»  to  consider  the  subject,  and  to  embrace 
•••I  Opportunity  of  placing  itself  in  communi- 
jattott  with  the  United  Presbyterian  Church. 
*  riK!i00  dt***bl»»hn>enl "maintained  that 
bh%hnwnt  and  disendowment  were  acts  of 
t"  the  Scottish  nation,  and  that  the  estnb- 
was  the  only  substantial  hindrance  to 
»d  it  insisted  npon  the  urponev  of  the 
r»  and  rritoratwi  the  claim  npon  the  Gov- 
•rratnt  for  an  early  and  final  settlement  of  it. 

•  answer  to  an  overture  asking  the  Assemblv 
to  iaqoiro  into  the  views  of  Prof.  Drnminond  a* 


in  his  lx>ok  "The  Ascent  of  Man." 
Assembly  declared  that  it  could  u«.t  tiu.i: 
for  action.    It  was  observed  by  Principal 
in  the  discussion  mi  tin-  subject,  that   in: 
•  Ulers  were  scarce  I  \   •  quipped  for  . 
with  the  {scientific  questions  raised,  and  i; 
low  SOMM>  liberty  of  action  t"  a  man  \vlx 
hail    placed  in  a'diair  tin-  work  of  which    • 
run  on  scientific   line*.     The  Church  slu-. 
at  this  time  be  compelled   to  formulate'  iU>  posi» 
lion  toward  mo<lcrn  scicntilic  theories. 

VIM.  (  liiirdi   of  Scotland. 
of  the  inc.  ncs  and  fund- 

Church  of  Scotland  for  1894  six 
income  wa*  .fn;;.«;n.  .a->  ii-ain-' 

The  General  Assembly  met  in  l-ldinlmi^ 
28.    The  llev.  Dr.  Donald  Ma<  I.. ,,«!  wa- 
moderator.     The  report  of  the  Colonial  Cnmniit- 
tco  called  attention  to  the  ^reat  p. oil  thaf 
be  done  in  South  Africa  if  an  attein: 
to  meet  tho  spiritual  needs  of  Scot  dim 
were  there  seeking  fortune  and  ad\entmv. 
expenditure  for  home  missions  hn>; 
000.    A  larger  number  of  agent-  I. 
ployed.    The  Committee  on    I 
represented  that  a  reduction  of  i-xpendr 
£2,344  would  be  required  to  avoid  debt.    ', 
port  on  Church  interests  declared  th.. 
ciplo  of  united  action  religions  equality  di 
at  present  exist.    The  men  who  had  j 
in  a  voluntary  conference  «.f  im-ml 
largest  Presbyterian  churches  of  Scotland  (BBS 
below)  could  be  honored  for  the  part  th 
taken,  but  they  should  remember  that  tie 
not  messengers  from  the  Church,  and  tlur 
were  bound  to  abide  by  the  ileelam: 
Assembly.    The  negotiations,   \vha- 
be  their  result,  must  not  be  allowed  to  alT- 
policy  of  the  com  mil 

IX.  United  Presbjlerinii  <  liureli  of  Scot- 
la  ml.— The  Synod  of  the  Tinted   I 
Church  in  Scotland  met  in   Edinburgh 
The  Rev.  I)avid  Ki nncar  was  chosen  modi  r.it-.r. 
An  occasion  having  been  afforded  by  th 
entation  of  a  protest  against  the  act  <  f  a  n» 
ister  who  had  admitted  th<   Rev.  Da     IM 
of  Dundee,  excluded,  to  his  pulpit,  the  S 
waiving  the  consideration   of    pcr-onalr 
prcssexl    disapproval  of    any  minister    < 
Church   allowing  any  one  who   ha 
dared  no  longer  a  minister  of  the  Chun-!, 
cupy  his  pulpit.     A   resolution  was  pass. 

that    the    (iovi-rnmeiit     i 

oeen  able  to  introduce  its  bill  for  d 
ment  and  disendowment;  regard JIIL- 

;(•  M'cond  readi: 

ablishment  bill    for   Wales;    a 
determination  to  maintain  and  advance  t,1 
untary  principles  of  the  Church;  and  IIP  --.' >£ 
on  the  Executive  Committee   to  do  all    in   its 
power  to  hasten  the  legislative  triumph 

.ality. 

Conference      of     Scotch      Pn-Mt 
(  h  ii  relies.— A  number  of  rep? 
the  X  Presbyterian  Churches  of  Scotia?, 
several  conferences  during  the  vcar  rel;.' 
the  question  of  union,  the  aim  of  which  was  t 
<lrnw  out  and  pre«;nt  in  a  distinct  form  ' 
tent    of  agreement    •  en    on    <j 

coming  within  the  region  of  cfmtro\- --\.    Th'-1 
various  findings  arc  given  in  the  published  re- 


PRESBYTER!  AXa 


remits,  under  three  heading*,  the    was 
•h  rvlatee  to  reformation  and  revolu- 
utes.  Win.  hr*,-  Bui- 

»r  a»  ' 

•  fiaital  Church. 


reed 


the  foundation  la.. I  by 
.•  eays,  -  has  coo- 
.<i»lly  A  ftpiriluaJ 


the  Chun  h.  nml  that  the  right*  of  tho 
"»  Kpirtlual  an-  \>n- 

liesii  .  .Ul.- ami  abridge." 

„'  relates  to  national  rrl.rfoo, 

.-'!,.•    .1:  '     .t  ' 

in.-  u.i..j.!.-,i  us  H  reams*!  .••  'i  .     • 

H    rotltall! 

haxo 
loo  t<>  tho  homage  whicii 

:-llt    to    !*•    ftrkr 

ti,  legisla- 

ian    <  Inn.  I,    i.,     I  reland.- 
;il    rfttiniM    «.f    the    Presbyt- 
in  I  1894  give  t  .rof 

re  as  652,  with  56  n-tm  -I  ministers;  of 
H  as  559.  with    101 

H;  aud  of  SabUth 
as  1.092.  with  115.208  memben.  in 
•e  in  Bible  classee.    The  whole  amount 

i.  June*. 
.  was 

concerned  the  uw  of  hymns  in  wor 

nee  iU  organization 
Union  of  Synods  in  1841  had  been  to 
I  mn.  the 

.ration*  to 

•wn  responMbility.  jvirnph rase*  and 

ii  was  matle  to  withdraw  this 

-ut  was  defeated  by  a  large  major- 

Assembly  decided 'that  uninspired 

M.  ri.in  *  hurrh  In  Fngla- 

f  the  Presbyterian  (hup  ii  m  Bng- 

ffewoeetle^r  !•-•     \--  .   .-•     : 

i««en  moderator.   The 
torn*  at  the  meeting 

„•••.  whirh  was  cam. 
with  tht<  mi  in  of  i'50.000.  ha 
siituiion  «t  Cainbruli;**.  Five  mln- 

1  to  be  set  apart  for  erangvl- 
irinir  the  year.    Tbe  appoint mrnl 


»f  an  agent  who 

>rpinixation  of  ael 

,'  desired. 

to  be  embodied  in  a  pa*. 
ule  at  the  lack  of  ^ 
Brreseifeneai  in  some  par 

-ns  an«l  at  tbe 

ence  manifestetl  out*ide.    Tn* 
noected  with 


i       •  . 

amount  raised 

.•  the  yeat  vea 
|fl 


tv    oliay  •oo 
j  Jfff  gi*1^ 


Ml    HelUK  ah  I.Mir  Bi 
—The  followiru 
thb  body  wMel  wen 
in  June  i ; 

Asf    e^Mlft  mM4Ji  4W^a\flas1a%      I AA  ft^aA  •     das? 

churrnea.«|.4«l:  of 

lull 

with  IHUMMMsiaM  It* 


t  embodying  •»!«  ter  ill    t  Hill  nl. 

•rt-.^-^— • 
wa»  au«»«f«i.     i  IK 


ment  of  the  compemto  fCreMli  ef  iU  4 
r>oB<«srfors5sl  ilii  .siliiTlins  s»  tW 


tnatiowlM«eiS1.1» 
adherents:  ami  I  be  K 
756  communteejsli 
jorily  in  foror  of  Ik* 


I  K1NCE  EDWARD  ISLAND. 


a  new  scheme  of  preaching  to  the  m 
of  people  ouUidc  the  churches  is  callctl.  now 
three  year*  old.  had  1 :  i*u  at  work,  and 

congregation*  nutnlicring  in  the  ajnrreffate  6,000 
people,  with  an  annual  income  of  £2,000.    I 
een  centers  of  opcrai  ions  had  been  i  i 
the  most  populous  districts  of  South  Wales,  and 
i  2  new  ones  were  to  be  opened. 
Mil    IVeslMi, ri.u.  |  M...M  I,,   \n*lrnlUL— 

terian  I'n ion  of  the  Presbyterian  churches  of 
Australia  and  Tasmania  was  agreed  upon  at  a 
Federal  General  Assembly  held  in  Sydney  in 
188ft.  The  acceptance  was  advised  as  a  basts  of 
onion  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  as  the  supreme 
Mandard  and  the  Confession  of  Faith  as  a  sub- 
ordinate standard,  with  a  declaratory  state- 
•  •  • 

I'lCIM  I  I  hWAKD  1M.\M».  :u,  ,.,^,-n, 
province  of  the  Domini. -n  of  Canada;  popula- 
fion.  about  110.000. 

ttofernment— The    Executive    Council    in 
V5  was  as  follows:  Premier  anil  At  • 

"Ion.   !•'.  Peters;  Treasurer  and  Coin- 
of  Public  I.  ; lillan; 

Commissioner  ,.f  Public  Works.  Hon..!.  1; 
Ixan:   members  of  Council  without  portfolio. 
Hon.  D.  Farquharson.  Il.-n.  A.  Laird,  Hon.  P. 
Sinclair.  11  .:.'.. I.  W.  Richards,  H.,n.  G.  Forbes, 
Hon.  A.  McLanghlin. 

Finance*.— The  receipts  for  the  year  ending 
Dee.  81. 1804,  were  as  follows:  Dominion  sub- 
sidy. $188.039.87 ;  public  lands,  $36,250.08;  pro- 
vincial land  tax,  $30,499.38;  income  tax.  $6,- 
281.58;  commercial  traveler's  license,  $8.825; 
incorporated  companies,  $3,900;  ferries,  $5,154.- 
05;  protnonotary  offices,  $2,386.83:  registry 
offices,  $5,281.99 ;  county  courts,  $1,887.88 ;  mis- 
cellaneous, $4,5814)7;  total,  $282,467.98. 

The  ordinary  expenditure  for  the  year  was 
$380.595.90,  and  the  special  expenditure,  mainlv 
for  bridge*,  was  $28,<to£9,  leaving  a  deficit  of 
$30,000.  The  imposition  of  new  taxes,  in  1893, 
on  certain  classes  of  trailers,  on  incomes,  on  cer- 
um  incorporated  companies,  and  on  successions, 
did  not  make  ends  meet,  as  was  hoped. 

Le*l»latlon.— The  second  session  of  the  thir- 

ty-srcond  Assembly  was  opened  at  Charlottetow^i 

v.  Hc.wlan.  March  21,  1895.    .1.  II. 

G»miskey  was  re-elected  Speaker.    Thefollow- 

iog  act*,  among  others,  were  passed : 


of  this  province  to 

of  m«r*h  ImmU. 
mat  the  spread  of  black  knot  on  plum  and 

M«caU««.-Th«  educational  affairs  of  the 
•re  under  the  control  of  a  Board  of 


^U^^,  "'  —      — ~_.,,      ,,.. 

"n  appointed  by  rnment,  and 

TIN  Government 


1  fn.1W4wM  $122.077.  and  that  of 
»»2p*etei«laTeehooW)oard  amsments was 
&f&.  J*  ~  f^?irted  that  there  were  24.- 

whom  22J221  at- 
of  the 


5  in  1888;  401  teachers.  16,036 
••d  an  average  attendance  of  8,709. 


FishcrloR. — The  pro  vine,  knl   \:>\ 
in  vessels  and  «.17s  m  boats  durin 
vessels,  boats,  wharves,  nets,  itnd  p-m -rai  !i>l,ing 
appliances  were  valued  at  $46s. ::;<;.  an 
of  $342,000  in  eleven  years.    Th.  vain. 
yield   WAS   $1 .119,7:18,  and    th 

|441 

dislrilnitiMii    and    value  of  tin-  c:r 
1894  were  as  follow:  Salmon.  s-.'.<i-j:> ;  i 
$208,909;  hadd-M-k.  $«.(M»'J:  l.nkc.  $28,8!»'.. 
il'ut,  $820;  oysters,  $96,220;   ma. 
820;  ood,  $107,800;  lobetea,  $880.7T<»:  |..'ii.K-k, 
$28,899;  smelts,  $86,68:: 

The   registered   seagoing   tonnage   o^^H 
cargo  into  and  out  of  the  province  was  l 
tons  during  1894.    The    imports    <>f    ,: 
PMH!S  iii  1894  were  valued  at  $2i5-l. 
duty  of  $H, 

run'i  I. si  \\  I      I  |-|s<  nl'M.    (  III  i;<  M 
IN    I  III    I  M  I  ID  si  \  I  I  s. 
the  diocesan  slat  iM  jo  f.,r   IMiJand    1H!>;> 
•i  during  tho  year  ii. 
!.j.i  tin-  number  of  deacons  ordaii 
28  fewer  than  last  year.     'I  h.    -'ii.ial  MM 
is  as  follows:  Number  of  di»< ••  •-. -.  ")s  ;  m 
ary  di-tricts  in  the  United  Stal 
ary  jurisdictions    in    foreign    land 
(l>ishops,  lit ;  priests  and  deacons,  4,603),  4,6n>| 
parishes  and    mission-.   I5.ns;    ..ni.iidjr 
holy  orders,  558;  ordinations,  deacoi 
dination-.   j.rirsi-.    1M  :    l>apii- 
firmations, 45,796;  connnnni.  ai 
riages,   17,2.">7:    burials.   :{-j.U77:    SMI 
teachers, 45,685;  Sunday-school  |»i| 
total  of  contributions,  $13,507,429.70. 

The  General  Convention  met  in  Minn. 
Minn.,  Oct.  2.    Little  of  note  in  tin  way  of  di- 
rv.-t    legislation  was  accomplished. 

•  •s  were  formed  by  the  division  of  tljo  seel 
of  Maryland,  California,  and   Kenti. 
the  erection  of  the  missionary  jurisdicti< 
Northern  Texas  and   Northern    Mi<-hi-a' 
dioceses.    Two    new    missionary    j 
were  formed  by  setting  off  portions  of  t! 
ceses  of  Minnesota  and  North  Carolina  n 
sionary  jurisdictions  of  Duluth  an<: 
respectively.     Wyoming  and  Idaho 
independent  missionary  districts,  with  the  pres- 
ent bishop  in  charge  of  both.   Western  G 
was  put  under  the  charge  of  the  r.i-h»j> 
vada  and  Utah,  whose  title  bo< 
Nevada,  Utah,  and  Western  Colorado.    I' 
the  territory  under  the  Bishop  < 
was  added  to  Northern  Texas,  and  part  t 
Mexico.    The  title  ol 
Oklahoma  was  changed  to  Missionary 
Oklahoma  and  the  Indian  Territory.'    Th- 
Peter  Trimble   Rowe  was  elected*    Missi 
Bishop  of  Alaska.    The  revision  of  the  o^^H 
tut  ion  and  canons  was  referred  back  t<>  t) 
stitutional  Commission,  to  report  again 
General    Convention    of   1898,  whi< 
pointed  to  meet  in  Washington  the  first  Wednes- 
day in  October,  1898.    The  pastoral  1 

t.  18,  1894,  which  solemnly  aflinn- 
virgin  birth  of  our  Ixml  and  the  inspira: 
the  Holy  Scriptures  as  matters  of  faith 
no  Christian  man  could  question,  was  n  -a:1 
by  the  pastoral  issued  from  Minneapolis* 

Missions.— The  Board  of  Mi  -i-ting 

of  the  2  houses  of  the  General  Convention  ana 


PROTEST  1SCOPAL  CHURCH  IN  TH£  I'SITICI 

H.-1.  4,  ,„ 


Reaolations  of  .ym 

'the        On 


f    paid  out 

«h    -    •»    •,..  n   -  .:'•  -.    .      1 

at   Kuc-liriiff.  at.  t57.AI4.44; 


'  '..        •       -    II.       -     .4    ..          | 

,  jn-ars  s-**"*"*  -« "** 


JF«« 


inc.tl4Jr74.il.   Ta* 

Ooril  Peop  iu<»d    |.  GS^wm  Mjil  li 

was  resolved:  Tha  trvet  fMMls  of  th* 

•..•idufNaaajprntoeon-    $90MaOM  at  p 
ity  of  appointing  at  Irast  I  col-     kti  taloe.    Th*  I 
.00  the    $»,WI44     Th* 


also    am<«ni.to$|«7JMtOa:        _^___M 

*^«  » ^^wUe^H^  ••»    Ne^H^  B00pnVHV  VnflnP 


•     next   thrvr 
^•itfth  larger  than  it  pave  \m 

ofMkSoasraqavta  t 

-.1  committe*  of  f 
• 

i-trictin^  the  whole  of  our  domei 
umary  territory. 

••  last  resolution  was  the  result  of  an 
••smi*  v  tin*  C'ommittea  on 

'In-  ibianUof  Managers. 
••  report  of  the  Board  of  Managers 


educational  *ut«idies,  the  board 
the  past  year  adopted  the  following 


dement  of  thb  board  it  b 
Sontoken  b    the  Ito.nl  of  M 


.  iuir  a  build 

gross  receipt*  ..f  the  society  for  the  fiscal 
fear,  incluilini:  those  fur  specials  and  for  mis- 
eellaiu-us 

work  of  the  society 

wrrc  $448,818.23.    (Compared  with  the  previous 

rease  of  offerings  for  geo- 

eral  missions  of  f«5.486.M.  an  increase  of  offer- 

cream*  for  domestic  missions  of  $1,I»W.W.    The 
amount   receivwi   from   kfMrfsa,  anlvsJ™  of 
waslKjMJW.    Theto<aJ 
•i*  board  toward 
was  $6Qe\078uM.    In 
ios  amoui 
r  inviMn 
specials  (which  do  not  help  the  bomrd 

board's  lHx>ks  is  5.4H4:  a: 
•ore  than  in  any  prvrions  year 

f  the  society  dufinp  the 


Ptopie  rsfons  the  ••sshsr  af  eaissssl 
TnTisZtMefTsiMlatfMSJ:   Of 

. 

BiW  IQ   prl^MV    iw^^w^  m^^    w  ^w   V^H 


I- 

•       ' 


Th, 


n   offering    from    Sundi 


nare  IHHl  nva  yejnr,  i  ke  esMvsnip 
Ur  the  bfwwt  w  a«y  yearTU 


•M 


PaOTBSTANT  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH   IN  THE  UNITED  STATKs. 


Balance  Sept.  1. 1804.  698*90.60 :  cash  received 
during  the  year.  6108,488.86    half  the  general 

.    :,  ^.;, .•:,»;  ,  . .. . 

6IS.48&45;   iimlesignated   legacies   app. 

om/China,  Japan,  etc.,  688,985.18;   leg*. 

|  ..HI;  withdrawn  for  time  IM-III^ 
from  lru*t  funds  6*1.189.48;  half  personal  loan. 
t£L500;  total.  6&U.;  •inures  on 

account  of  mteion*.  6178,181.94;  specials  for 
Africa,  (hina,  Japan,  etc*,  684,167.91 :  interest 
(one  half).  $rJ1.14;  half  cost  of  administra- 
tion an  I  ...Motion.  613,079.21;  half  cost  of 
printing  -Spirit  of  Mission*,"  reports,  etc.,  67,- 
.  f.,r  !•  •-.-•.:,•,,!.  .*:,.r,:,u:  r.- 
£12.189.48;  half  personal 
loan,  6J»,300;  balance  Sept.  1. 1895.  for  i 
•Mom  and  specials,  658,09469 ;  total,  6351,- 
471  v; 

The  Missionary  Bishop  of  Cape  Palmas  re- 
ports that   because  of  territory   havm_- 
ceded  to  the  French,  as  was  mentioned  las! 
85 of  the  principal  stations  and  preaching  places 
of  the  mission  have  been  lost,  leaving  63  stat  ions 
and  substations  under  the  care  of  the  16  clergy 
connected  with  the  Western  Africa  Mission,  the 
number  of  communicants  being  1,241,  and  of 
Sunday-school  pupils  1,450. 

In  Japan  the  repairs  to  buildings  damaged  by 
the  earthquake  last  year  have  been  finished,  and 
the  construction  of  the  Tokio  hospital.  St.  Paul's 
College,  and  other  inst  it ut  ions  is  progressing.  In 
hit  report  the  bishop  says : 

One  remit  of  the  war  between  Japan  and  China  has 
been  a  kindlier  fcclm*  toward  Christianity,  a  lessen- 
in*  of  the  •uftpicton  that  a  Japanese  can  not  be  at  the 
same  time  a  good  Christian  and  loyal  to  his  Emperor. 
A  way  ha*  been  opened  which  (riven  us  new  opportu- 
•  ..•  .    •  •  i  n  ing  tin  Japan!  M  sol- 
diery.   The  minister*  of  war  have  Driven  every  cn- 
sonrageiiiem  and  awiiwnee  to  missionaries  ami  other 
I  worker*  to  preach  and  distribute  Hi  Me*  and 
the  garrooiu  throughout  the  empire.    Six 
tiana  received  official  .   to  go 

with  the  array  aa  chaplain*  and  -  comforter*."    This 
was  sought  by  and  refused  to  Japanese 


The  principal  events  of  the  year  in  China  are 

«'  of  a  Chinese  Church  hymnal,  the 

conclusion  of  the  first  portion  of  the  revision  of 

the  Prayer  Itook%  and  the  opening  of  the  new 

building  of  Su  John's  College. 

The  work  of  the  Church  in  Hayti  was  com- 
•ended  bv  the  President  of  the  republic  in  his 
leal  annual  meamgc.  The  formal  opening  of  the 
Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity  at  Port  au  Prince 

4  place  Aug.  11,  the  debt  upon  it  having  been 

TlM  Wfjfjan'ft  Auxiliary.- At   its  triennial 
•••tin*  in  Ilaltimore  in  1808  this  c.r 
meolved-Thal  the   Woman's  Auxiliary   place 
mL  for  its  united  offering  at  the  next 
the  endowment  of  tin-  cpiHropato  in  a 
lion.**     At  the  trirnni.-i. 
r  in  1866  an  offering  of  655.- 
later  it  was  further  resolved 
Jhe  Woman's  Auxiliary  set  bc-f 

for  the  next  three  year*  the  m 
lergw  mm  than  that  of  1895  as  an  of. 
ft  from  the  Woman's  Auxiliary 
l>«sions,  tobe  used  for  the  train- 


-        I 


to  UM  Board  of 


ing  and  support  of  women  workers  in  tl 
aiunary  fl«- 

.inmaryof  the  work  accomplished  by  the 
Auxiliary  and  to  junior  depart  m.nt  m  ft 

<•<•-, •-    and    i;{    missionary  jurisdicli 

pt  1.  isi»r>,  shows  contribution 
der  appropriations  t  .    IM^I-- 

878.8tf;  tor 
for  ilomcsti.-   minions.   £:: 

>ns,  651.800.80;   boxes,  K::P.'.   valu 
$181.571.01;  total  value  of  «>nt  r:l>uti<>ns.  $349,- 

'•.of  winch  amount  the  junior  dr|..v 

contributed  W>  wiihin  th«-  pa^ 

years  7  woman  workers  have  be.  i,  -mi    i 
mission  field   by  the  \\'«.in;in'-  Auxiliarv  as  reg- 
ular missionaries  of  the  board— 2  to 
China,  and  2  to  Alaska.     The  first  Chut' 
i)ital   in   the   Indian  T.-rrilory.  ih.-   : 
DOtpittl  in  Ari/ona  (for  the  benefit   «.f  t 
vajo  Indians),  and  lace  schools  aim  i 
pcwa  Indians  of  Minnesota  have  been  estab- 
lished. 

The  American   Church   Missionary 
the  foreign  field  und< 
of  Cuba  and  the  southern  division  <  : 
Cuba  tin-  work  has  been  suspended  by  tin 
war.    In  Brazil  there  were  02  bap: 
the  year  and  nearly  200  eommunie.-i: 
churches  in  Brazil  contributed  iJW.v 
than  one  third  of  the  whole  amount  conn 
to  the  support  of  missions  through 
The  total  receipts  of  the  society  \\ere  .*:}::. 
and  the  balance  Sept.    1.  ls'.)5.  was  64. 
Its  securities  amount  to  61 1  l&BM. 

The     Socii-ty     for     prom(»iini:     Cliri-' 
among  the  Jews  reports  an  increase  of  ' 
tion   toward    its   missionaries,    but    slat. 
Jewish  converts  are  expelled  from  their 
deprived  of  a  means  of  livelihood,  and  MI 
to  all  manner  of  personal  indignities.     Its  cash 

is  during  the  year  amounted  to  60^ 
balance  from  old  account,  61*768.15 

.'.      The  disbursements  wore    $10.' 
balance  on  hand  Sept.  1,  ls«r,.  *»><»i. <;'.». 

liiiildini:   Fund  <  ommission.— On  s 
this  fund  amounted  to  6275,077.70,  an  increase 
during  the  year  of  614.022.82.     Gift-, 
number,  amounting  to  62,500.  were  ma  , 
i:{  other  £ifts,  amounting  to  $1,650. 
The  total  amount  of  gifts  paid  to 
uce  the  last  rep 

have  been   paid  off  and   35  new   ]. 
The  amount  that  has  been  once  loan < 
turned  to  the  fund  by  105  churches  is  61 
The  total   amount  now  outstanding  on   I 
17.67. 

Prayer-book    Distribution.    T 
book  Distributi*  ..  whose  . 

pnunote  the  distribution  of  the   B<" 
mon  Prayer  among  tin-  people  through- 
United  States,  this  year  made  its  fi 
report,  from  which 'it  appears  tha- 
adoption   in   1892  of  the  revised    I' 
about  1,000.000  copies  of  that  l».<,k  have  been 
published    and   report  has  been   made  of  the 
jrrontof  105,800  copies  of  the  prayer  bo< 
04.488  copies  of  the  hymnal. 

Ki  IL'iou>  Ordi-rs.— To  the  • 
for  men  hen-tofore  enumeratwl  has  1 

•therhood  of  the  Good  Shepherd.  P 
in  1895,  whose  objects  are  the  same  as  those  of 


QOBSML 


' 


the  rub  of 


.pesaal 


JLufdlntfee    1*; 


urnt  f..r 


IUN.I  -f  All  Angels.  V, 

the  year.  In  the  list 
ri.iniminitirft  sliould  be  included 
Community  of  St.  Martha,  Louis- 


Q 


it  «  .  AM 


AM  eMtora   province  of  the  Do-    TMI  nvMlniliM  rflii  Awn 

farood  b^tar-BMl  i.  irt  •• 


rnment.  -The  resignation  of  Hon.  J.  a 
on  account  of  the 
.*d  been  placed  in 

ind.  a*  he  claimed, 

emrily,  was  a  blow  to  the  ministry.    The 
• ».  Taillon.  aMUined  the  treas- 

f   the  ('«•!. 
;U,  a  member  of  the 

•€**.— The  finances  of  Quebec  are  not 
manage,  and  during  the  period  of  «-\t  rav- 

>e  gross  debt  from  $19.068.- 

i  $.10.215.373.     In  1894-W  the  expend i- 
I  $4.105.7^7.  an.l  tin-  r. 
or.  36.  1895.  Mr.  Tail! 

M^-h.    II,-  Hated  thai 

:tO  $187314  had  been 

•am I*  instead 

t>uiMing  fund  yielded 

instead  of  $10.000 ;  the  (At  on  commer- 

»s  $160.756  or  $20.756  more  than 

;<l  the  tax  on  soecesriont  $162.- 

-X).    Those  taxes  that  Ml 

-own  l<at>d« 

law.    $*8JM; 

J-fMAtO    (.. 

1. 1  had  been  estimated 
nndecfsanr  at  $1.527.296:  it  was  only 

ince  and  consequent  lower 
was  opined 

ftspeech  from  the  throne,  of  which  tlst 
ig  passages  arc  the  roost  important : 

iremmont  ha*  endeavored  as  reoch  as  pos- 
x-rations.  and  la 


881 


REFORMED  CHURCHES. 


. 


the  law 


flu   mbdlTUoB  if 


•  •  .. 

To  amend  the  tariff  of  tolls  on  timber  and  lumber 
MuJttatf  u»t  of  improvement*  on  •ireanw. 
To  amend  the  act  ropeeting  Uxea  on  Pubaidle*  to 

Coaming  the  cultivation  of  the  augar  beet 

Agriculture, — The  annual  report  of  the  De- 
partment   <>f   Agriculture  shows  that    i> 
l    |M.und>  r,  valued   at   $:. 

•uaiiufartiirvd:  in  1894,  255,868  pounds. 
x.lucd  at  $60.004;  in  1896,  562,061  pounds 
valued  at  $118.013.  It  also  shows  that,  while 
the  maniif..  •  heesc  in  the  ; 

WWwmtonlv  4.924.504  pounds,  it  had  increased 
fal  1894  to  81.554.746  pounds— a  di 
value  and  revenue  to  the  farmers  of  $4.000,000, 
In  189!  there  were  845,789  hones,  970,887  cat- 
M.025  sheep,  and  848,897  swine    in   the 
ice. 

Education.— During  the  year  ending  .lune 
80.  1894,  the  Roman  Catholic  imputation  of  the 
province  maintain- -.1  -1.72?  s<  ho,,N.  or  one  school 
for  every  278  persons,  and  the  Protestant  popu- 
lation 955  schools,  or  one  to  every  206  persons. 

There  were  also  9  schools  of  arts  and  manu- 
factures and  6  of  agriculture  and  dairy  pur- 
suits. The  total  number  of  pupils  enrolled  in 
the  province  was  284,o  17:  the  average  attend- 
ance 211,960.  The  Roman  Catholic  schools 
were  attended  by  1,291  Protestant  pupils,  and 
the  Protestant  schools  by  2,699  Roman  Catholics. 

The  pupils  of  French  origin  learning  Eiurli-h 
numbered  48,253.  and  those  of  Knglish  origin 
learning  French  were  18,542.  Agriculture  was 
M tidied  in  the  public  schools  by  49,245  pupils. 
The  male  lay  teachers  numbered  :!!•">.  of  whom 
284  were  Catholics  and  1 1 1  Protestants.  The 
female  by  teachers  numbered  5,853,  of  whom 
4,224  were  Catholics  and  1.12!)  Protestants. 

The  total  expenditure  for  education  in  the 
province  was  $l«vjj.4si. 

Forest*  and  Timber.— The  forest  and  wood- 
land area  of  Quebec  is  116,521  square  miles. 
The  Umber  cut  under  license  in  1893  was  428.- 


598,000  feet  of  pine  saw  1. 
(chiefly)  spruce  saw  logs,  i.i:ti.o;!i . -ui.ic  : 
square  w  tub  nd  smaller  (piaii 

pine,  boom  timber,  railway  ties,  ct 

ceipU  from  timber  dues  was  $645.ti.V>.  and  tlu* 
ground  rents  $ 

I  Isherlel    and    shipping.-In    1894   i 
were  409   men    in   vev.rU   and    11.61 
boats  engaged  in  the  fish. 
dcr  an  act  passed  by  the  Dominion  1'ar, 
in  1882  a  bounty  is  paid   fort  I.. 
of  sea  fMiiiig  and   the  building  of  (Mir 
sels.    It  is  paid  on  the  basis  of  $3  a 
>i  a  man  to  boat  fishermen.  at 
to  the  owners.    The  total  value  of  tin- 
boats,  nets,  traps,  smoke  and  fish  houses  ,  ,,  !X 
ami  wharves,  etc.,  used  in   these  <> 

luring  the  year  was  $904,811,  or  n 
crease  of  nearly  $200,000   in  ten  vears 
value  of  the  yield  was  $2,803,886. 
bution  and  value  of  the  catch  in  ISJM  was 
lows:    Salmon.    $!<;:>  rring.    if1-" 

haddock.    $-1.207:    halibut,    $1. 

':    mackerel,   $125,762;  cod. 
lobsters.  $163,734 ;  smelts,  $10.1<.- ;  mi- 
ous,  $450,989.    The  tonnage  of  (t>n. 
during    181)4— in   and   out—  wa-  2,587,04 
this  2.n2'.».777  tons  was  British.    I2i 
dian.  and  t::<».!»75  foreign.    The  tonnage 
Off   trade  was  5,681,961,  compared 
>7  tons  in  1893. 

During  1894  the  imports    of    Quebec  wtij 
valued  at  $34,175,559,  paying  a  Domini- 
of  $7,723,380,  and  $2-l,v-V.l"  free  of  dut 
must  be  remembered  that  (,|u.-b.-c  c.mta 
principal  port  of  entrance  to  ('amid 
Lawrence  and  receives  the  bulk  of  British 
just  as  Ontario  does  of  American  good 
cording  to  the  trade   and    navigation    r- 
81,086  head  of  cattle  were  exported  from  ' 
in  1894,  but  90  per  cent,  of  these  were  a<-- 
from  Ontario.    On  June  30,  1894, 
3,024  miles  of  railway  in  Quebec.  •'•  lines  cengft 
ing  in  Quebec  city  and  7  in    M--ntrea. 
population  of  the  prov  in  r.  j-  l.r>uo.(i 
1,290,000  are  Roman  Catholics. 


R 


l  III  K< -IlliS.     I.   Ki-fornifd 
rhnrrh  In  America.— The  Committee  on  the 
f  Ileligion  reported  to  the  General  Synod 
•Uturtid  of  this  Church,  of  which  the  following 
is  a  Mimmary:   Number  of  churches,  618;   of 
ministers.  652;  of  candidates,  9;  of  families,  55,- 
W4:   of  communicants.   103.310;    ..f   baptized 
MoeommuntcanU.  41.549 ;  of  catechumens,  87,- 
l|  «f  »emb€ri  received  during  the  year  on 
•MlMoi»,ftjm;  of  teotisros  during  the  year, 
Tof  infanu  and  l^fofadults;  of  Sunday 
^y^JUS^  1l*^^  enrolled  members; 
itribntions  for  denominational  pur- 
87.234;  for  congregational   purposes, 

Sft  **  ot*2J?^PS1&  f124*^  ^* 

^communion  is  2,508  larger  than  in 

th«»  amnnnUof  rontnbtitionsare  less. 

to**  fund  was  reporterl  in  a  satisfac- 

ttuS»toji5unnuiUllU  h*d  been  ***** dur" 


The  Committee  on  Puhlif-ation  reported  thai 
the  board  was  free  from  liabilities  and  t 
:  ts  from  144  churches— all  that   ha 
tributed— amounted  to  $l,73i». 
were  requested  by  the  General  Synod  t 
tribute  to  the  board. 

A  continued  shrinkage  in  the  balance  of  tl 
Disabled  Ministers'  fund  was  r<  i '  rt.  .1. 

The  treasurer  of  the  Bonn!  of  I  Ion,. 
reported  to  the  General  Synod  that  th 
amount  of  gifts,  legacies,  and  i; 
956.    The  total  of  offerings  from  the  1; 
the  Missionary  fund  had  been  *.>J.M.     ! 
the  year  202  churches  and  l::i  mi 
tors  had  been  aided.     Th<-<-  church- 
sions  included  8,309  families.  r.'.l.VJ  m< 
and  16,012  members  of  Sunday  sch- 
turned  1,212  members  added  during  the 
confession.   A  mission  among  the  North 
can  Indians  in  the  Indian  Territory  had  been 


ill'RGHBL 


UOBOAJUXED 


dtrtttk'  n  by  the  Women'*  Kxerutive  Com-    siftsUoal  eUadta*  af  t 
ill*-.    The  MOM  commit!**  bad  rmiwd  $!«..    Hvttod  rejahejlZ 

'"'-'     '     ••  ;    • 


. 


:.•    , 


•  an'.  Board  of 
- 
•mlsUnoe  tttMIO. 


f  BaJJgj  •    ••'.•  «•    :    ••    .•    .  . 

<M'Mt«nil  Synod  had 


f..r 

s  wore 
Domberol 


n    ni'urly  1 
itkHU.    The  Committee  on  ovrrti 

propoaed  am.  H.IIK,  m-  to  the 
'(««.  thow  r»- 
f  profeMora  and  to  the 
•     f  extra  ctinn  of  the  Gen- 

od  had  bean  approved,  the  latter  tinani- 
Theae  were  declared  adopted.  The 
Hinendments  relat 

ding  of  profeamm  and  the  declarative 
'  the  General  Svnod  had 


•fed  by  the  maj-  cla^eea.  and 

re  defeated.    1  -e  rlaawa  had 

^•favorof  the  proposetl  plan  ..f  f.-i.-r  . 

clMna.  comprising  the  Hollnml  claaaM, 

i  In-  plan  was  declared  adopte*1. 
nation  hail  ri«cn  in  the  previous  General  Synod 
he  use  of  a  certain  series  of  Sunday. 
-«M,n-hrlr.  and  the  *ubje<  t  »  .. 

.-  report  of  thi. 

•I.H!  riM-.,nmi,-ii.|.-<l  the  use  of 
La» 

M,"  and  eipreesed   its  judgment  that  -no 
ries  of  IWM.HS  ,,r  1—  n   hell  rfmld  >••      •" 


ng  t<»  th  '  nth  of  the  Re» 

\rt.Vnhat  i  lu>  Scripturvs 

nir  nii.l  tlu-  \,-r:tnl.l.    M     n|  of  God." 

>t«n«lin»;  Committee  on 
was  so  enlarged  as  to  give 
review  from  time  to  tine  such  pnb- 

whools  with  the  intent  of  adrMsw 

as  may  seem  dangerous  in  their 

ympathy  was  eipreesed  with  the 

DCO-AmrHcan    Committee   of 

;•    was  recoromende*!   to  the 

celebration  of 

iitxl  tenth  anniversary  of  Ibe 
f  th.  Nuntes  on  the  thtnl 

a*  af  - 


1809.  was 

liable  opportunity  for  an 
\  Hngiienot  chnrcbe*.    A 

.-n  receired  asking  asM»ii 
constitution  relating  to  the  errle- 


, 

III 
AmerW     I 


»  theoJogir.1    and    f7 

I^AWMfl^ft       m*^m4m**^       ^KM^M       IM 

«^<^»rnM     pMMUWW    WWfW    •        .^ 

Wetnertanos  ovrtag  uw  yw. 

.,    ,  .  .     ,.;     ,.     .   , 


..Ki.lM/lli     i  HI  KiM    Of    JCM* 

TW 
hml  ejinaal      aieieasief  lie*  — 


684    REUNION  OP  CHRISTENDOM. 


K11  ODE  ISLAND. 


•ran-hing  for  a  suitable  location  in  Missouri  for 
A  colony  of  Mormon*  to  be  gathered  in  Cali- 
fornia. Arizona,  and  Utah.    The  promot. 
liere  thai  ihc  time  prophesied  for  the  gathering 
together  of  Zi«n  has  come,  and  •  that 

Iht  colour  will  in  part  carry  out  the  plan  "in- 
lined  in  'the  revelation  of  1830  for  the  order 
of  Enoch,  and  erect  factories  and  shops  for  tlu> 
of  i  hose  among  them  who  are  me- 


It  I  1  MON      OP     CHKIsl  |  MM>M.      The 

Iwald  Conference  for  the  Promot 
the  Reunion  of  Christendom  opened  for  1895  at 

Iwald,  Switzerland.  Sept  1.  The  open- 
ing address  of  the  president.  Dr.  II.  S.  Lunn. 
contained  a  retrospect  of  the  work  done  and  the 
results  achieved  by  the  3  reunion  conferences 
that  had  already  been  held.  Tin-  gcoefftj  service 
of  prayer  for  reooioa  held  on  Whitsunday  m  re- 
sponse to  the  appeals  of  the  conference  and  the 
co-operati.m  of  many  churches  in  it  and  ino\v- 
.:ii"H  among  British  and  Australian 
Methodist  Churches  and  among  Scottish  1'n-i.v- 
ten'an  Churches  were  cited  as  evidences  of  prog- 
ress. The  principal  discussions  of  the  confer- 
ence touched  upon  questions  of  union  between 

.ins  and  nonconformists  in  England,  the 
i  loly  See  toward  reunion,  and  the 
possibility  of  an  educational  concordat  (con- 
cerning religious  instruction  in  state  schools). 
An  address  was  adopted  in  answer  to  the  letter 
on  reunion  which  the  Pope  had  addressed  to  the 
English  people.  In  this  letter  the  Pope,  after 
referring  to  the  early  history  of  the  Church  in 
England  and  the  subsequent  relations  of  that 

y  to  the  Holy  See,  had  remarked  with 
gratification  on  the  attention  given  there  to 
social  questions,  in  the  shape  of  movements  for 
the  benefit  of  the  working  classes,  in  behalf  of 
religious  instruction,  temperance,  social  purity, 
the  defense  of  religion  against  rationalism  and 
materialism,  various  forms  of  charity,  the  strict 
public  observance  of  Sunday,  and  the  general 
spirit  of  respect  to  the  Scriptures;  recojurni/ed 
the  influence  of  the  British  nation  as  a  civili/.ing 
agency  and  champion  of  liberty ;  and  emph 
the  power  of  prayer  as  supplying  the  roost  di- 
rect and  efficient  means  of  leading  to  the  unity 
desired.  The  address  in  reply  of  the  conference 
avowed  the  persuasion  that  "our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ  himself  is  the  only  possible  center  of 
Christian  unity,  and  that  the  indwelling  Spirit 
of  the  Father  and  of  the  Son  in  every  Christian 
heart  not  only  constitutes  a  spiritual  unity  which 
•MM  can  neither  create  nor  destroy,  but  fotnlshei 
the  conditions  of  that  manifested  unity  for  which 
our  blessed  Lord  prayed  " ;  and  the  belief  >  t  hat 

n««t  be  obtained  not  by  the  absorpt 
Christian*  in  any  one  communion  of  t 
Catholic  Church,  but  by  jMu-h  a  union  as  will 
•TOsJI  the  elements  of  Christian  truth  and 
practice  which  in  the  providence  of  God  the 
vvtoiM  pin. -inn   communions  have  severally 
eskibtod  and  defended."    The  president  of  the 
ggy^^ag'^missk^  to  present  this  a<l- 

2TJ!SltL^53*fXpPe-8e'!  ^"MnSnSI 

him  in  a  private  capacity,  but  ti 

u  «»f  a  religious  body  outside  of  the 

•       t*  r°**  •»*!«»*  addressed  an  en- 

eydioal  to  U*  Eastern  Churches  on  the  subject 


of  reunion,  the  and  1!<>U 

antinople  answered  it  in  an  :M< 

Eastern  Churches.     Tin-  addiv--  consist* 
chuiM->.  in  which  tin-  portion  of  the  I 

1       iivh   with   re-perl    to   tin-    IV) 
Church  of   Koine  is  set  forth.      ll.i\m- 
tin-  impo>»il.ility  of  accepting  the  1'oprs  ; 
tion  to  reunion,  t  In-  address  proceed»  : 
And  as  regard*  the  sacred  <>>. 

I  und  Catholic  cimn-l. 
ready,  it  \«  -r.  -liaiu-e  nho  have  allowed  an 

r  lowt,  to  accept  ever}  thii 
crn  iiiul  Western  Chur 
tin-   ninth   c.-ntury  ;  ami    it'  the  \\  - 

!n>m   tin-   teaching*  »>f  the  liol\   1 

diviiifly    aHMMiihli-d    «i-i-uiiifu'n-al    COUOi 

<'lmn-h,  tlifii  »rtli<i«l,.x  in  tin-  \\ 

dilionul  (Jilioqu«),or  u«*ed  unU-av<  n<  .1  i 

.u-!iiiiL'  n--.. 

klin.iT  insli-a-1  <>f  iuniuT>i<.n,  tin-  iin:. 
«>t  ihc  KvtT-Vir^in,  the-  tniijM.rn! 
fullibility,  or  tlu-  uhsolutc  rule  «.f  f 
\vc  have  niitliin/  U)  siiy  :  but  it',  "i. 
<'U'arly  ^h(»u  the  lovers  of  trui 

.i.linit.  that  tin-  Eastern  Catholic  and  O 

Church    of  Cliri>t   hoi.  Is    the    primitive    tra-1 

doctrines  then  corainonly  acknowlc<li/e.l  i..»ti. 

East  and  the  West,  and  that  • 

rupted   them   hy    various   innovati"ii>.  i' 

dent  to  ohildren   that  the   in-.n-   natiii.. 

reunion  is  the  return  -of  tin 

primitive,    doirniatie,    and    »driiini>trati 

seeing  that  the  faith  is  in  no  way  e  handed  l>\  • 

circumstances,  but  remains   al\va\ 

the   »aiiic,  that  there-    is  "one   !.<  M  Sj^H 

idled  in  one  ho] 

one  Lord,  one  faith,  one  baptism,  <>i 
<•!'  all,  who  is  above  all  and  through  all  aii'i 
all." 

RHODE  ISLAND,  a  New  En-la. 
of  ihc  original  thirteen,  ratifu-d  the  < 
May  -JU.   1790;  area,  1,250  sqnan    n 
Imputation,  according  to  each  decennial  • 
was  68,825  in  1790;  69,122  in  1800:  7«;.!»::i  jn 
1810;  88,015  in  1820;  97,199  in  1K::<>: 
in  1840;  147.51.-,  i,,  isr,o:  174,«20  in  IWO:   .'  : 

D  1870;  27(5,->:n   in   1^(»:   MI1,| 
1890.    By  the  State  census  of  l*(.'"i  it  w.; 
758.     Capital-.  Newport  and  IV 

i.o\,  TII  in  cut.—  The  followiiiL 
officers  during  the  year:  Oovcn.     .   l».   I, 
Brown,  -uccer.led   iii   May  by  Char 
|>itt;    Lieutenant  Governor,  Edwin    u'.  All.n; 
Secretary  of  State,  Charles  P.  Bennett  : 
ney-Genera).  Edward  ('.  Dulioi-  : 
urer,  Samuel  dark:  Adjutant  General 
D\(  r.  succeeded  at  his  resignation,  i 
l.v  Frederick  M.  Sackett  ;  Auditor. 
ders;  Superintendent  r.f  Edm-aiion.  T.  1',. 
well;  Commissioner  of  Roads.  Cha?-;. 
Shellfish    ('o:nnii>-ionor^.  .1.   M.    \\'riL'lit. 
Brown.  -I.e.  Church,.  I.  T.  Northrup.  ! 
id  Coinrni^ioner.    V. 
lie  Supremo  ('(.i, 
AR««ociftte  Justices,  .John   II.  S: 
Tillin_  \.  Will,  in-.  !  l.'ogers, 

\V.  \V.  Donplas.  all  liepnhlir-,, 

The-  si.il.-i  «  nsns.—  Thepopnlnti 
denco  :  of  I'awtur-ket 

f   Warwick.  -J1.ir,s:    of    ' 
so<-  kef.  24.468;  of  Central  I 
ston,  11.203  :  of  Cranston,  10,57 
dence,  10,170. 


RHODE  ISLAND 


The  following 


table  shows  the  distribution    of  the  family  talent**  to  ceefife  iinii 

population  aeeordiug  to  the    »u.  h  other  phy^rta 


^. 

for  a  |»rt%  aic 


f  male  •.lulu  in  th«  SUte  Is 
Ihesv  t  ho  possible  voter*  number 
q  i  ml  i  fled  voters,  00,770;  and  those 
ii  April.  43.798. 

MI  Amendment  to  the 
ha*  cauwtl  a  great  im  -rra«r 


•          1880.  UMWH;  and  in  1805.  H- 

r  aliens  in  1805  was  88JMM. 

percentage  of  foreign  male  adult*  in  188ft 

whole  population;  in  1800  It 


at  the  ifcod 
Mechanic  Aria,  at 

:          .      ..      . 

many  lea 
-The  statistics  of  the    they  eared 

women ;  remaining  Dec.  31.  1800,    Incorporated 

•titties  were :  Number  of  inmate* 
males.  200  females; 


•.«  rear.  108  male*.  01  females; 
•  It  Dec,  81.  IWtt.  314  male*.  314 

)>•  Almshouse  Dec.  81.  1804,  the  number 
latwwaalU  mm.  U»rt  «,,„„„.  in  i 

.luring  the  yrzir.  14'.»  men.  llo 

women,  80  boy».  13  girls;  remaining  Dec.  81. 

MO.  137  men.  140  women,  88  boys,  18  girU- 

^Utistics  of  the  State  Prison  for  the  year 

t.  in  prison  Jan.  1.  1800. 

1—135;  cointnilt.il  during  the  >  car. 

•  »man  —  78;  number  of  inmate*  Jan. 

>e  Sockam»*«»t  School  for  Boys  100  boys 
were    r  ,.!    173  discharged.      Deo.  81. 

180.1,  there  were  805  boys  at  the  school 

^•ho<>|for<  t«31girU 

1.  isitt;  aihniitrtl  .1 

ifctye..  at  the  MhoolJaA.  1.1M 

i  I  Hospital  for 

^>at  the  number 

Of  pat  was   8.04fr-ma)ea.  1^70; 

•smal.  MO  niimlier  ..f  |witi.-t,t.   in  the 

(.  80,  1804,  was  130  ;  Sept.  80.  1805. 

•nul  reeeipts  were  ttojmM  end  the  tt- 

• 

.'iges  hare  been  made  in  Provides*! 

f  thr  law* 

•••I  the  numU«r  "f  -  «inmit 

•  »  caii^d-  »  IvtweM  Js)40l 

The  law  reqim 

^^^llshiill  ?ho  itiMnif  \     '  •  '  •    • 

ill  be  committed  bv  the  di»ln.  t 
U  has  twer.  ,  he  rrgular  p 


I**** 

•ffjtLm 

I  B<ls^trlee»— The 
•       - 

the  end  of  the  yw. 
follows: 


Ta*  «MMI  ~*  fHM  es 


• 


There  was  a 
tlw  operatives  of 


The  BoaH  ef 
dunng  the  i«*r  it, 

an  im,..f. 

ilsstniftliia  of  - 


RHODE  ISLAND. 


Court  of  Massachusetts,  asking  that  the 
boundary  line  between  the  two  States  be  so  de- 
flected as  to  make  it  pass  along  the  northeastern 
line  of  thrir  M  ttlement.  A  -mnlar  petition  was 
t.>  U-  -.  nt  to  the  Khode  Island  Legis- 
after  the  flrst  should  have  been  acted 


Block  Inland. -The  great  Salt  pond,  Block 
Island,  was  formally  opened  Sept  81  as  a  harbor 
'  .«*.    The  State  appropriated  $60,000  for 
work  on  the  harbor,  and  the  town  $45,000,  of 

-W  has  been  expended.    The  I 
is  a  natural  formation  <»f  extensive  proportion*. 
J3  to  85  feet  at  low  water.    A  low 
strvtrh  of  sand  separates  it  from  the  ocean. 

New  Statehonse,— Ground  was  broken  Sept. 
16  for  a  new  State  house  <>n  Smith's  Hill  in 
.•nee.  The  commission  to  do  the  work 
was  appointed  at  the  January  session  of  1898. 
The  city  appropriated  $300,000  for  a  site,  pro- 
Tided  one  were  selected  within  certain  limits. 
The  design  was  made  by  New  York  architect*, 
and  calls  for  marble  as  the  material.  The  con- 
tract price  for  construction  is  $1.576,000. 

Initiative  Seflslon.— The  January  session 
began  Jan.  80  and  ended  May  25.  Among  the 
mot*  important  bills  was  one  called  t he  ••  St  ri k*> 
act,"  amending  and  adding  to  the  chapter  ••  <  T 
apt  rate  Pro|H-rtv,"  providing 

imprisonment  for  willfully  obstructing 
railway  company  in  the  use  of  its  tracks 
or  willfully  and  maliciously  delay  ing  or  obstruct- 
ing the  pawing  of  its  cars  or  carriages  thereon, 
and  for  willfully  and  maliciously  cutting,  de- 
stroying, or  injuring  any  machine,  appliance,  or 
apparatus  used  for  generating  electric  currents, 
or  any  electric  wire  or  other  appliance  or  appa- 
ratus used  for  the  purpose  of  conducting  or  trans- 
mitting electric  currents  for  using  and  furni-h- 
ing  power,  motive  power,  light,  heat,  or  used  for 
the  purpose  of  transmitting  intelligence,  etc. 

It  was  prohibited,  under  penalty  of  $25  to 
$100,  to  -  display  the  flag  or  emblem  of  any  for- 
eign country  on  any  State,  county,  city,  or  town 
building  or  public-school  house  within 'the  State: 
Provided,  however,  that  when  any  foreigner 
shall  become  the  guest  of  the  United  States,  or  of 
this  State,  the  flag  of  the  country  of  which  such 
public  guest  shall  be  a  citizen  or  subject  may  be 
displayed  upon  public  buildings,  except  public- 
school  bouses." 

An  addition  was  made  to  the  statutes  on 
buds,  forbidding  the  killing  or  trapping  of  car- 


A  report  was  received  by  the  Committee  on 
Roads  and  Public  Highways  appointed  at  the 
January  session  in  1898.  The  committee  in  ex- 
amininjf  the  principal  highways  of  the 
loand  little  to  commend.  In  the  western  part 
•W  of  the  highways  traverse  very  steep  hills. 
A  fJooaUon  of  many  of  these  roads  is  recom- 


!*•  J ;<*»}  number  of  miles  of  highways  in  the 

|M*A  1*   :•.!—  _.•     A    *m*          M  \  \        A  *A.  ••* 

which  248  miles  are  of 


•^~:    AcU  making  provision  for  im- 
*  •Btds  and  for  maintaining  and 
•*  ?••  W?^'  •»<!  «ne  office  of 
mtrndmt  of  Highways  was  created. 
Tne  statute  on  oystci  flsheries  was  amendpd 
•.•loprarid.  thrt  tt»  I-tbtam. *2lel^ 


5  commissioners  of  shellfisheri«.  1   fron 
county.      The  statute  on    inland  iMi.-i:. 
also   amended,    and    tines    inmosed    for 
traps;  weirs,  etc..  during  the  close  season. 

Provideooe  was  authorised  to  borrow  $r»i> 
for  highway  work.  $400,000  for  school  purpose!, 
and   $150.000  for  park   purposes.     A 

.^rrsand  registration  f.-r  the  city  o! 
dence  was  created.     Tin-    Ma\.-r  wa-  autl 
to  contract  with  tii«-  Rhode  Island   II 
the  construction  and  maintenance  < 
for  the  cure  of  contagious  di-i-as,  •>.     nil. 
of  the  session  were  : 

•lin-_r   for  a  standard    t'<>rni  of  tin-  insurance 
policy. 

.iatimr  tho  admission  of  foreign   Luil.i 

vision  of  ,-ueh  u>s«».-iat 
Amending  th«-  trame  laws  with  r- 
Beqniring  signboards  at  railroad  cm-- 

ten*  at  least  n  inches  long—  u  Railroad  Crowiin- 

Look,  and  I.istm." 


An  act  was  pass.-d  providini:  for  M 
tions  as  an  amendment  to  the  r..n-titu; 
be  submitted  to  the  popular  vote  if  also  passed 
at  the  May  session. 

Among  the  appropriations  were  the  f»l! 

Public  BchoolA,  $120,000;  Normal  S,-h....|.  * 
traveling  cxpenttes  of  students  of  tin-  .Nonnul 
$2,(KX);  institut*-.-*.    ?.'.""; 

$5,000;  Khodc  Island  School 
annual  sum  provided  by  the  pul>ii 
fees  of  beneficiaries,  $8,000  ;  purchase  of  «chi><  • 
ratus,  as  provided  by  the  public  .-tat  utc*,  $:!,<»« 
cation  ofblind  and  imbecile  child) 
the  public  laws,  $12,000;  tree  j.uhlie  libram-.-. 
State  home  and  school,  $20,000;  support 
ircnt  in«ane,  $12,000;  State  printing,  $30,OCKi 
binding,  $5.000;   advertising  and    pubi; 
laws,  $10,000;   militia  and    milit:i!. 
unimry  rent.-.  $''..7<'<';  heatinu'  and  lighting  jr. 
$1,750;  Statelil.r.  .-,v  library.  > 

Historical  Society,  $1.500;  Newport 
$500  j  State  Board  <-t  Health.  $.V,«MI:  State  r, 
Chanties,  $225,000,  besides  in  ved  b^^^H 

which  are  appropriated  to  their  u 
Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Children,  $2,5*' 
Aid  Association,  $500:  State  Board  of  A-.'ri.-ultiirc, 
$15,000;  Society   for  t  nn   -.1'  <  r 

AnimaU,  $1,000;  Soldier.-1  lielief  fund.  > 
diers'   Home    fund,   $22,000;    .\^:rieiilturul    College, 
$10,000;  Institute  for  the  Deaf,  $15,000. 

The  May  session  opened  at  Newport,  M 
The  2  branches  were  organized,  the  ballots  cast 
for  State  officers  at  the  April  election 
counted,  the  officers-elect  were  sworn    \\ 
the  new  Governor  was  inaugurated.      I  Miring 
the  two  days  of  the  session  the  bill  for  .- 
ting  the  proposed  biennial-elections  n 
was  passed,  additional  appropriations  were 
for  the  expenses  of  the  State  Government,  as  well 
as  one  of  $10.000  for  taking  the  census.  $ 
for  the  Board  of  Agriculture,  $10,000  for 
the  armory  at  Bristol,  $500  for  a  bounty 
foxes,  and  $10,000  for  having  t  ) 
represented  at  the  various  expositioi 
in  Mexico  and  other  places. 

Political.—  The  Republ; 
was  held  in  Providence,  March  14.    The  r 
tions,  after  declaring  in  favor  of  the  part\ 
on  national  questions,  favored  the  plan  for  bien- 
nial elections.    All  the  State  officers  except  the 
Governor  were  renoruinated.     The  new  « 


ROMAN  CATHOLIC  CHURCH. 


Democratic  Convention  met  toe  same 
nd  confined  itself  to  refoUtfawJ  on  the 


pra  yaS;*""***  *^ 

CMt^Wt.    WA4  taw^W;«re>    f  ^    I  fc^*    *M 

ws:    For  Governor,    the  fold  cffCcer.  as*i  tW 
•  iovrrnor.    t»en  wtt»  Us*  ts*  Ike 

ttgu»tu«  S.  Mjl!,-r;  S-.T.-UM    ,,f   >•.,•,-.  .,,     M 

torney-General.     Oeorfs     T. 

"    -ttMir.-r.  .l.-hn   <•     PsTI] 

.  M  :.  jajfe 


ocUlirt-Ubor 


election  in  April  the  RepabtioM  Udwt 

cnwful.  the  vote  f.  r 

.    Rcpublicmn.  85.006:   Uttlcw 

l;.»M.;ij  i 

inltst-Ubor.  1. 


.78a    TheR*- 

tod  86  Senatora  and  67  Repmeni- 
mocraU.  8  Senator  and  5  Reprr- 
fpedal  election  WM  held  Sept. 
on  the  biennial-elections  amend- 
mult  was  its  defeat  by  a  rote  of 

on  earth.  ar»all 

\  I  II"!  M  MM  i:«  II.  The  rt-  but  OMds  pray 
<cndom  is  the  subject  uppermost 
!.•  Xlll.ntul  by  wayof  eoeotirage* 
in  that  direction  at  the  outset  of 
an  encyclical  which  U  largely  an 
stiant  to  eschew  nonosscrifiiln  and 
st'»  name  in  one  fold  under  out 


temple  to  the  Blond  Virgin  to  be 
;.-s  of  all  rites 

D  with  the  resolution  paved  at  the 
•ongress  of  Jerusalem— the  starting 
reunion  of  the  Greek  and  Western 
as  formally  begun  during  the  year. 

xmOchala,    o^aVraVlwlieiksf! ' 
Mmnitv  for-     bretlir«.iBsiw«n»to 
ibed  under  Mary's  auspices.    Leo    bsssttsd  to  !»*§•• 
c  fir>t   c-oiitril'tit inn    Hsi  >  a  '•  '  f  '     " 

Catholic  world  to    ]     JJJJSC 
pledge  made  by  his  representatirea    ' 


s±7.rczl!sl±  t^  ZTXZSZ 


-•JtrMTj: 

^^        I  '  si    sW    e\    flHtf^B^s*l    r^sfl      fw^sA     t^2sl 

^ 

•          II     1    f    •        PtMsklelfti      Osf      Iket      Ae^sf^B^B^ft      Ce^eM^s^ 
*         '  '   *  •  * 


Me  year  was  issued  another  eocycli- 
r  the  separal««l 

!  '.n-t  and  W,  -t  ttirrrax«d  dero- 
on  was  aakcd  of  the  faithful  to  the  rosary 
lat  all  rivals,  .lasses,  and  nations  -may  be  r*- 

U-autiful  f.nitectioo  of  the  ,  «•  _  , 

lessed  Virgin  Mary."    Hut  the  most  imfiorlant 
ronounciMii.  atuan  was   probe- 

letter  issued  on  April  14.  »•!• 

who    %rt  . 

^^••l  of  Christ   in  Thr  -unitv     f  the    faith, 
salth.    ana   pwo  in   th.-    :  :n  thb  re- 

larkaMc.i  -x>  XIII  says: 

God  i»  our  «  itn.xm  how  keen  bow  wiah  that  «MS* 
Ion  of  oUr»  m.^lit  tend  to  assist  and  forther  tW 

h<siiasj; 

Dmnks  to  Ood.  »h«  ha*  ^  ftjr  fs/s. 
:  hut  we  may  make  an  eade 
•  t  Mtwe,  a*  in  but  ritfhi.  w< 
of  a  happy  issoe  priocirally 


I'ATIIOLIC  CIIl  i:i  11. 


the  "Review  Anglais,**  a  new  periodical   put>- 
HfJuttl  b  pilots  in  Pirn-,  for  free  distri- 

botioo  aiuoug  the   imm>u-r>   of   the   Anglican 
.   :.  . 
Cardinal  Vaughan,  in  addressing  tho  annual 

•i-nec  at    Bristol,  in   - 

Mid  the  que»liou  of  corporate  reunion  of  the 
Churvhc*  did  nut  tv>t  upon  the  \uhdity 
•rltaan  orders,  as  some  *uppos< 
font  that  subject  would  be  uuth.-ntntiv. -ly  dc- 
efcled  n  tin-  near f ut  in 

it  •adtrstood  that,  if  it  be  necessary  for  the  good 
of  rrluion  that  the  actual  archbishop  and  i.i.sh- 

r  should  efface  themselves,  gladly  would  they 
to.     (See  article  REUNION  ..i   <  HKIMKNDOM, 
in  i  tut  v.i.  . 

inoniiation  of  Mary  Queen  of  ScoU  was 
reported  favorably  on  by  the  Weetmintt 
bunal  in  March,  and  the  case  was  brought  to  the 
urn  of  Rome,  the  question  being  simply 
whether  she  died  a  martyr  to  her  faith. 

xi.itistio*.— Official  tables  given  out  for  1895 
by  the  Propaganda  press  show  the  Catholic  pop- 
ulation of  the  world  to  be  about  300,000.0  > 
trinuted  among  1.060  sees.  The  work  <  : 
X 1 1 1.  since  his  accession  to  the  See  of  Peter  in- 
cludes the  creation  and  re-erection  of  1  patri- 
archate in  the  West  Indies,  20  archbishoprics, 
85  bishoprics.  2  abbots,  59  vicariatcs,  and  2  apos- 
tolic delegates,  making  in  all  1!M  new  titles. 
Toe  Sacred  College  was  invaded  by  drat  h  dur- 
I  \.-ar.  tho  demise  of  10  cardinals,  twice 
the  usual  number,  being  reported.  In  this  list 
were  Cardinals  Francis  Benaivides  y  Navarette, 
of  Padua,  Archbishop  of  Saragossa,  aged  eighty- 
five  ;  Cardinal  Lucien  Bonaparte,  second  carui- 
rial  priest  in  the  order  of  precedence,  aged  sixty- 
seven  ;  Julian  Florian  Desprez,  Archbishop  of 
Toulouse,  aged  eighty-eight ;  Hamilcar  Malogo- 
la,  Archlmhop  of  Fcrmo,  aged  fifty-five;  Louis 
Rus*o-Silla,axed  fifty-five;  Benedict  Saz  y  Fores, 
Archbishop  or  Seville,  aged  sixty-seven;  Cardinal 
Perviuo.  once  Bishop  of  Savannah,  Ga.;  and  ( 'ar- 
dinal  Paul  Mclchcrs,  former  Archbishop  of  Co- 
logne, aged  eighty-two. 

There  were  6-1  cardinals  at  the  end  of  the  year, 
including  the  following  9  elevated  at  the  Consis- 
tory,,: ' .  ,-nuid, 
BJsaop  of  A ut un  • ,™  at  Lyons,  ! 
1838;  Sylvester  Sembratowlez,  Archbishop  of 
Letnberg  (Oreek-Rtithenian  rite),  born  at  I)o- 
oo.  Oei  8,  1836;  Francis  Satolli,  Titular 


Archbishop  of  J*panto,  Delegate  Apostolic  to 
the  United  States,  born  at  Marsciano,  diocese  of 
Perugia.  July  31.  1839;  lilcr.  Arch- 

bishop of  SaUburg.  born  in  St.  Martin.  Passover, 
dioee*  BO,  I-.-:,:  Ant  I,.,, 

rts>  Gsjeajares  y  Azam,  Archbi^  allado- 

I.  Spain,  bom  at  Colanda.  Saragossa,  May  2, 
W4 :  Jemme  Maria  Gotti,  O.  C.  C.f  Inter 
U««  to  Brawl  Titular    Archbishop  of  Petra, 
ton » «l  Ci*o«A.  March  ».  1804;  Achilles  Mana- 
{^  ******&  of  Anconm  born  at  B<- 

.  ».  IHiJ :   Salvator   Castanas   y    Pages, 
r|k  Spain,  born   at   Airce 
:  Johan  Peter  Bover.  Archi 

;^ 

*i**,r       '  ^f^y'-The  celebration,  on 

in*  anniversary  ot  the  ontran 
mto  Home  wu  noted  for  the  univer- 


sal prot.^t   that    it    brought    from   i 
world  anil  the  speech  of  Cri>pi.  in  \\hich 
tlitiMastic-ully  eulogized  the  bpintual  Hi.. 
of  the  papacy,  but  crrditnl  its  i 
In  the  affairs  of  nations  to  thr  aititud. 

Italian  (Jovi-rninnit.     Thr  spri-rh   was  ta 

(lit!  culininatioii   <>f    th* 
,  it  ions    by  whirh    it    ha> 
ITIII-  I)M-  Pope   into  alliance  with  lliinil 


:tion   to  thr   intornal 
mining  Italy.     Catholic  participation  in  ; 
iin-nta  Hi  was  the  iinmedialf  end 

at  by  Crispi,  and  following  his  ad<i- 
jiliu.^t   overwhelming  pressure  on  L.  .-  Mil  t.. 
withdraw  his  |.ronouncements  against  th. 
ion.      \\  hile  the  partisans  of   comp 
between  the  Vatican  and  Cjuirinal  \\en'; 
proclaiming  thu  confession  of  ('r;-pi.  ti 
({iiietly  analyzed  the  situation,  and 
ing  under  nil  the  intrigue  and  all  the  • 
offered   him   an   attack    upon   Cardinal    Kain- 
polla,  he  wrote  a  letter  • 
tary  of  State  reitcrat  ing  his  in<  '.-.solve 

never  to  recognize  the  act  by  which  the  ; 
•Ubed  of  its  temporal  rights  and  in<i 
ence,  and   reassuring  the  vacillating  and   timid 
of  ultimate  victory  in  the  oscen 
that  will  not  be  a  mere  capital  of  "a  lit 
litical  state,  but  u  Rome  in  truth  an<; 
the  patrimony  of  St.   IVter.  the  ('atln-li 
international  city  wherein  the  whole  won 
be  represented  and  heard.     In  the  1. 
dinal  Rampolla,  dated  Oct.  9,  Pope  Leo  s. 

We  have  been  reduced  to  Income  nlmo.xt  imme- 
diate witnesses  of  the  npothf 
tion  ond  the  Bpoliation  of  the  Holy  See.     Tim1 
tiK»t  ufflictod  us  is  the  design  to  j>cri>ctuat< 
than  to  terminate  the  conriit-t,  of  which  no  01 

measure  the  disastn>u>  I  bo   tinal  ol 

the  occupation  of  Koine  was  not  to  complete  pt^^H 

unity,  but  in  destroying  the  \\u'.. 


olirt  to  ottack  more  close!  v  tin-  spiritual 
of  the  popes.  The  object  WUH  to  cli:»Ui.'c  the  di 
of  Rome,  return  it  to  i  :ih  to* 

third   Rome  and  a  third   era  of  eivili/atinn.   .  .  . 
Nothing    will    ever  confer  veritable    i; 
upon  the  papacy  so  long  as  it  does  not  have  ts^^^H 
juried; 

Peter's  pence  showed  the  effects  of  ti 
dustrial  depression  throughout  the  w.,r 
average  of  f  1,000,000  ng  most  m 

Iv    reduced.       l-'rance.    which    furnished    three 
fifths  of  this,  gave  evidence  of  the 
of  a  larger  portion  of  the  hierarchy,  clerg 
people  with  the  papal  support  of  the  republic 
by  Contributing  le^sthan  at  anytime  in  t 
five  years.    There  was  no  change  in 
f>olicy,  however,  he  refusing  to  recogni/e 
tions  of  the  Church-hating  coterie  as  exprefJJH 
of  cither  the  Government's  will  or  tha' 
public  does  not  fully  represent  the  w.il  of  the 
French  nation.     In  consequence  of  the  r 
losses,  measures  of  economy  wer 
Vatican.    The  consulting  members  of  ti 
gregations  have  been  dispense*  1  with,  and  the 
salaries  of  the  members  themselves  < 
reduced. 

The  Armenian  Question.  Mgr.  A/anan, 
the  Armenian  patriarch  resident  in  (  .  i,  taiiti- 
noplc,  in  his  advices  to  the  Pope,  declares  that 
few  of  the  150,000  Catholic  Armenians  have 
taken  part  in  the  uprisings  of  the  year,  and  that 


RON:  riloLIC  CHL  m  H 

.•y  have  not  suffered  a*  m*eb  at  The 
•lie*  and  1'rou 

e  gt^-wbtca  u»  ••*  fir.  M  I  mi  lawn 

ari 

nitl   i..  a|>i-«l  to  .  unutf 

rJSrte4l  b7Xr.0Mulal,  head 

-'  of  h*  h0l<l  dial  ihrt* 

..-hunt.-,!  hL,  »nn.-*.l..  ... 

missionaries  in  the  province  of  enee  . 
hrwoffwaraooti. 

h  gunboala,  Gregory  in 

be-  Tl 


wtMMiua*  rrofcaiir  of  HiielMl 

rutian.  in  Korr.     |,,,| .  ^rt«|  M«»  a 

luui,  h«-a.i  ot  u,  •  - 1    T  i  ryEii  m 


rdiai   un-l 


r*un,ling  be- 

r  -.      .      i    : 


-  (and  the 


),  had  a 


I'OIM-  m»l  to    coidotoarf  to  «•« 
wtll  ..f  hi*  Majesty  the  Ciar.     ulic  fhuirh.    The 


mrted     ftlti 

v  uith  n-nriil-     afci. 


i  bal  M  * 
honor  of    oonrlawioa  i»«M  not  U  drawa  i 

later  tin 

I  br 

•IM|  thai  thr  reTooaiion  ..f  d,.-  at>u     for  »tate 

l.o  uka**'  ..f  lH65waato  be    wmwd  aod  dhofwd."  TW  !•• 


A  rupture  -f  Ihoe  pleanuit  r» 

he  news  i.f  fn^h  out-     m« 


•^.•^k*    •  nil  ill        ^^J      ft^^^^   ^^aw^w^a^ 

Poland  in  theaiiiiiiiiu:  >>ut  n.  w  a-ur-  nle  the  <  athotte  nMfftaa\  • 

i'ope  decided  hem  (I)  the  advaMMMvt  af 

him  •;  f.> -.tig of  amhoiiihuW 

MI  the  spring  affair*.  Spewldwf  ofawta 

-t  aihoUet  <M«w4  MI  k>  aw 

:hi>  Christian  rhurrhea"  b  er»  in  the 
. :.  i. n  which  tin* 


'  **  *~  ***  t**-4"'1l»J11 
f  hi«i»i»are  time,  and  which    tl>p  **   ***  •awafVMavw*' 

i  i  -^  ^^^^^^i^  ^^^  ^a^  BiMifli  ^BMaa  •  •  M>h 

•   C«I    MWBw    m^   i 


i.  li    ..ml    si.,t,.._ The  confli. 

unal>atr<t 
;h«-  \,-ar. 
Dg  apon   the   recall  of  Mjrr.   Agltanlia, 

uswhomnUin* 
;ti  thrir  determination  to  nwkl 

:  tin*  !'"|*»  itoadfani I 

•     .1- mat  •!.        At    the     rr- 


,,w«f.l-|.  «h.f^thW;a-  ~* 

in    an^.r    t.i    BmpMor  k»  the  awia* ' 

_  wi  thai  while  ndtof  I 

n»k.-   th.-   n«  .-iii   f-  -   t  f  cUA  w"1 

inli  a  cardinal  at  the  Malt*  W.'; 


'hun-h   trouble*   in 

i  l-v  Monriirnor  Saloltt, 
loa  iwumt  riSQ    :     .' 

YOU  xxxv. — 14  A 


ROMAN    .    \T110LIC  CHURCH. 


tioMof  the  r.-r ul. h.-  are  among  the  thin 
clem  are  exnorted  to  uu-ul.-.,  u.lu- 

p»  are  wan  leneo  while 

t<>  improve  thi-ir  condition,  mid  »u 
i. MI  the  dangerous  - 

'    .-iiolie  jounmli-m 

it •Oooarafrcd.  but  unanimity  niu..ng  journalists 
.,-  n-jKvt  for  episcopal  authority  mu-t  be 
mat  nt  a 

Thr  tnilrd  State*— The  summary  of  the 
('hnn  i.  the  rnitcd  States  at  the  close 

oM«a*hn»-  tin-  numUT  of  archbishops  to  be 
-hops,  69;  priests,  10,848;  churches  with 
resident  prints, 5.858 ;  missions  with  .-In, 
•  ii-  ami  rlmpcls.  5,W:'.  :  univ,  : 

regular  seroinaric*.  n-» ;  students,  1.7i:i:    high 
schools  for  boy?*.  1*7:  high   seh,H>ls   for  girls, 
•S3:  parish- s  with  sch.H.ls,  8,861 ;  children  at- 
tending. 7V1848;    orphan    a-ylun^. 
ntunr  88,064;  charitable  institutions,  s:1, 
ul  children  iii  Catholic  institutions  ra,944; 
Catholic  population.  W.410.71H);  Catholic    j 
and  magazines,  949.    Death  carried  off  1  arch- 
bishop and  4  bishops,  283  priests,  and  170  re- 


"V'i, 


Itev.  John  M.  Farlcv,  Vicar  General  of 
New  York,  in  answer  to  the  request  of  An  h- 
,  was  created  auxiliary  bishop 
of  the  diocese  on  Oct.  9. 
The  mission  built  nine  years  ago  by  Mi-  K.it  . 
\v   Creek    Indian    Reservation, 
South  Dakota,  was  destroy.  M  by  lin 
era!  of  the  Indian  children  narrowly  escaping 
...  0 
The  resignation  of   Mi.  i:,-v.  M-r.   !>.•• 

:iell  as  rector  of  tin-  Nortli  American  Col- 

lege was  supposed  to  have  some  bearing  upon 

the  ecclesiastical  controversies  a  n  the 

United  Slates  for  some  years,  M_r    O'Connell 

known  as  a  frieu<l  of  A.rohbtthqp  Ireland. 

.      .   I»r.  Th.  -mas  o'dcnnan, 

t'ntholii*  rnivrrsily,  to  a  bishopric  was, 

on  the  other  hand,  quoted  as  an  offset  to  any 

supposed  significance  in  the  resignation,  the  lai- 

tor  being  the  o//er  eg?"    f  the  archbishop.     M-_T. 

••II  was  succeeded  by  K.-v.  William  < 

f  the  archdiocese  of  IJoston,  whose-  p.-i- 

tion  is  announced  as  that  of  a  strict  neutral  in 

all  matters  affecting  ecclesiastical  prestige  in 

1  States. 

The  Catholic  Hist.  irke.l  the 

resting  place  in  St.  James's  churchyard  of 
Turner,  the  Catholic  ;  '    I'.r-.oklyn.  l.v  a 

marble  bust  erected  with   notable  . 
presided  over  by  Bi«!  n.  11  and  Mayor 

' 


of  K,K  hotter,  incurred  the 
censure  of  Rome,  in  January,  for  hi*  iml; 
lurk  on  Archbishop  Ireland  in  December. 

TV  RVr.  Dr.  Bdward  MH.Iynn  was  formally 
jn.t*JM  M  pastor  .,; 
lwr«.  X.  Y^ibe  first  Sunday  of  Januarv:  mid 

him  tK«  Am  charge  equal  to  old  St  Steph,  i,  s 
r  U^,mc  vacant,  -no  of  the  most  n-rnark- 

;.  •  ;,-- 

i        :     i..    Muni  II, 
MOlynn.  appealed  to  liome  f  n>tn 
thr  arrhbUhnp  tran«ferrint:  him 
s>  permanent  rectorship  in  the  city  to  an 


.ntry    pari-h.   but    it    was  deoid 
the  i.: 

.'.illi  to  the  eardinal- 
ate.  in  '• 
in  thee-labli-hnient  i.f  ihr  Apox|,,|i, 

Convention  held  at 
jie   Hall.  N 
inarkable  demonstration  in  favor, .f  the  S;, 

n^'    and     Police  -( '..mini 
Roosevelt. 

Two  institutions  of  learniiiL- 
during  tin-  M-  M.-hal   llai: 

j.hy  of  i  hi-  Talholie  I'ui  ver-ity.  in  <  > 
the    mamiilieeiit     tin-  minary    • 

Paul,  the  jrift    to  Archlii>hop   Irrlaml.  ii\ 
.I.  Hill,  a  I'rotr-taiit  a«lmii 

The  Catholic  summer-<ehool   id, -a 

•akni    hold    in   earn. 
Plait-bur;;.    N.    V..    h 
(.thers  at   I'itt-l'  . 
din^r  for  f.i 

iir>t  Bncharistic  Congresi  held  in 
ica  was  opened  in  Washington.  Oct.  •_•.  b\ 
UL 

The  mi  — i..n-  to  1'rote-tants.  by  th< 

Molt,  of  the  I'anlist   Kathe'rs.  in  th>- 
have  proved   successful,  and  a   ne\'. 
sti|)port    of  them,  called   the    Ap—tolat. 
I-' raneisde  Sales,  \va-approved  by  Ui 
Miami,  of  Cleveland,  in  <)<•; 

hr.  Kred.  '  .    :. 

Sjilolli,  pave  the  Catholic  view  of  ediM-ati 
religion  by  n-«|ue>t  at  the  centennial  comi 

Iliellt     of     I'llioll     College.     Sclielieet  adv. 

.lime  '2:5.  in  t he  piv-e!n-r  of  a  distinguish' 
semblau'e  of  I'rotestatii  minis! 

(.ie.ii  r,rit:iin.— The  f  oundat  ion  stone  of  thi 

projected  cathedral  for  \Vestminst.-r  wa«  i 
Cardinal  Vauurh:in  -lunr -j'.i.      h  i-  ,,n  th- 
the  old  Tothill  Field'.  I'n- 
dinal    Manning.     The   edili.-e  will    i 

long,   I.")!')    fe.-J    Wide,  and    !»(»   frrl    high,  with 

1  ikfl   ..f  Norfolk   sub- 
I'HMMM)  toward   the   work.     The  rathedi 

be  placed   in  charge  of  the   Benedict 

•ar  apo>iulie  for  Wales  was  appoii 
July.     Me  is  the   |;.-v.  Father 
<.f  the  diocese  of  Shrewsbury.  Kn-land.  and   his 
new  charge  rover-  1','  Com 

(.ermaiiy.— The  third  (iennan  Calhol 

Bingen,  lle^-.  June  • 

by  i<t.(MM»  persons.    Ainongthe  rowlutionspasssi 
were  the  f«.llowing: 

-  The  in-! 
u  Fre« 

Ml.!islllll«-Ilt  of  the  re! 

ti"M  in  favor  of  Catlioli<->   < 

"  I.i). 

tlan  solution  of  tin-  .-"<-iul  q 

of  the  Cuthnlic  |)rcW.^ 

Portugal.— The  International  C 
gross  nt   Lisb,,M>  which  began  June  i:{  an 
tinned   to   the  end   of  the   month,  w 
commemoration  of  the  seventh  centenav 
Anthony  of   I'adua.  and   the  like  of   it    I 
•een  in  Portugal  since;  the  Mi-i 

Anstralla.— Catholic  i 
by  the  new  census,  which  places  th<    < 
strength  as  2MO  per  cent,  of  the  popula: 


Canada.  -The  M  •nilohan  ichool  <|U«tioo  <j«. 

/     II       llir 


ny  «w*.  wyefc  WM i  octroi  i ,  j  tEnn 

i  -«I»«M»  «f  nufawk.  ffc»  I  major  of  fcwiol  *••*•» 

•OlttflMI     lo  I  IK*  MMMNfOv  MHt  VIV  BHffVOHML  ^M*  • 

'1.    TM    taffMortlv  4  or  I  MT  «•!.  IMM***- 


lrl.m!t..!l    "f    M.      m.«ll^ 

priaau  from 

ooftor*.  on* 


.  Ihr  .,.r  rtll  Mk4  ftAr  ymrtAMl. 

•   M«  IjMP '4fciriL    TW  ftriit.  *««»  !•» 
s^oohoMMaaMgMo,  n»  utnhSm* 

f       lit*      I,V,».  — -' —  ~ ^  — 


llnum.SUI«jOOOlHrr««iKVMnr,ff,fHUH»lrt 

fr    -.-     I'-;.  ;          -    ..  '  ,        *   , 

Huljcmri^  ».ltxaou  M  flm  Rw^,  ^4  WMT 


\ 

ill  A: 

brn«    be  wo*   born.     All    Hull..**'    r..n,^,.     i. ,      i,  f  oMtab 

w-mU  mioaionary  college,  wo*    tim  1,000,000  M :  c ' 

*  and  mairrtaK   I«UOM»  V 
«rmeetin.  ncrUhAm.  WJOO^PO  Ui . 

IflKmW.    TWe»Mtto«l 
gloat  wittiqpoC  th<-  Panirlliu-  fa.  t  tonal    ttijOtBUDtt  M  fal^ 

M  \  M  \  .1  Aaml» 

BVOM. eonpririna  th.   ForroerTurnk 

fr«nn 

.!ili«-«.  in    KiU  ami    •* 

111   l.'|»  Tl-|.  lit     ..f   Tli 

«  188  merobera,  elected  : 

,'.-i*  in  UM-  •  rmarr.  a^l  7pl  IjMi  >»  >•<•  i  a. 

IHIBI.  n  i,r  I  «»»«alralU«*.-TW 

/ollfni-Sijrinarinp'n  who  TO  elected    which  batoif  to  tW 

iin  i*r,r,. 

th,.  f..||,,u 
il  and  Minift* 

•onuuna,  P.  P.     pnt 

.hnrari :        Thr  tr Jrffrm, A.  Uw  a  total  1*0*  W  4MI 
h   ».l«o 

• 

5%  ^-r*  j^rcTtS 

„ 

i  in  I  I  in*  a  |M»(Milalloi 
•  nutiilx-r  <>f  l.irtli-  i 
>*<{;  of  marria 

BtC  WM  «l». 

peodlUun 
nii-i.ii.L-. »  fur  IHtt  make*  tho 

of    u 


(      »»»        «•    •••%>••     W«M>      •• 

' 

fn.m  M.»tr  monopo-    ri*. ««d TtoWf  •••  «•» •  «* 

,—    ,.•• 

irtmcnt..     of   th~r     4«rUttD  fhMw>< 

t  al^.rl^ 

Mjdrwcti«»ti. 

rior  iVrairtmrni.  »«•••  «<»i     »- 

tftnaino.    otttl 

theodminiv-  iio  <laoMliw»    *"*?i^^5u 

for  .u-  ^i^i^w^ttM.  «f  nablk*    Aj*d  «»  TwtiA  «UNw  *«<»K  <^  *•  .X 


.::  .:/    : 

trttiii-nt.  and  JiJJMl-     ' 


RUSSIA. 


Aoflrian  fUtaner*  numbered  65.  of  65,801  tout; 
here  were  W  !•'•  uncrs,  ««f  43,847 

tons:  87  Rtuvian  rteiunerm  of 

••  ;:.::••-.  •:•;  \   nv,     .,:. 

;  -..  .       :  0  •     '•     —  Rtm  :-  ff  UI1    !'••  Igilltn, 

Spain,  and  other  conn  me-,  and  lit  l-'n-n. ; 

lri«n.    K.'umanmn.    and     other  easels, 

n    1894  was   3,1 

Mial/e. 

•  m  .jimrter- :  of  barley.  ;».«•,.' MM*  o,n 
in-  and  LeirM.il  ion.      i  h     I       ^lature 
in  the  curly  part  of  1M05  passed  new  in  nun 

|i>arr\men    a  |N-n*ion  fun<l  and 

benefit  a»««  i  at  mi  i*  \\.-re  established,  to  \\in<-h 

the  men  are  com  pel  lei  i     u-i\«    up  •"•  JMT  «vnt.  «.f 

.  tin-  mine  owners  to  contribute 

an  equal  -urn.  .to  passed  by  a  large 

majorit)  n  lull  p  nduet 

.;    imao  'iur  the 

traditional    jM.licv    <>f    tli.  i'.iru. 

has  been  opposed  t<>  th-  bestowal  of 
prmlcgro  upon  fon  i_-nei-s.  The  (iovernmenl 
rmlcn  R  •ninaiiiaii  agitation  in 

ilvania.   an«l    when   a    large    number    of 
lUlini  ~ent  a  telegram  expressing 

psithy  f-.r  tin-  Roumanians  who  were  subjected 
to  Magy  arizing  measun  -  no  notice  was  taken  of 
it  by  the  Government  <>r  the  Chamber.  Tin* 
Roumanians  in  Turkey  g«'in -rally  regarded  tlie 

' 

ervati(»n  <>f  th.-ir  nationality,  and  tin*   <> 
ment  took  rigorous  measures  to  suppress  an  at- 
tempt <-f   iluL'arian  and    l»u--ian    agitators   to 
pun  men  and  iii"ii«-y  f..r  tin-  revolution.    Two 

.ants  were.-.  D  Booharest  with  arms 

HI  their  possession,  and  many  f  :iators 

wereex|»«-ll«>.l  fr<»m  th<-  country.  The  Rouma- 
nians in  Maoe<lonii  (MM-  much  more  wealth  than 
the  Bulgarians  and.  next  to  them,  are  the  most 


In  <M.,ln.r  th«-  coalition  Caliinet  was  broken 
up  by  the  resignation  of  its  .lunimist  mnnbers — 
Carp*.  Marghiloman,  aixl  lii-nnani.  Tin-  Pn-iiii.-r 
anked  to  sancti<.n  a  dissolution,  ami 

when  this  was  refused  the  whole  Cal.i: 
signed.     T  Mil    for   I>.-mct«-r   Stnrd/a, 

who,  on  Oct.  1">.  fiinni-il  a  Liln-ral  Cahinct.  com- 
posed as  follows :  I'r.-mi.T 

rvign  Aff.i  u-.l/a:  Minister 

«.f  Ju«ti,-,.,  K.  Stntesco;  MiniM.-r  of  I'ul.lic  In- 
stnMtkm  an.!  \V.,r-hip.  P.  Poni :  Minister  of 
War.Ck-n.  <  Mini^irr  of  Finance, 

Oeorg  r.  Canta-  •  MiMrr  of  Airriciilture. 

Hoinaii.s  (J.  I).    I»al- 

M.  Fleva;  Min 

.  .1.  Stoi .    Tin-  «..-w 

lf  an  advocate  of  the 
abolition  of  the  oppressive  ,M  tl,.  i,,,. 

of  the  condition  of  the  \M~ 
Klectiuus  to  the  Chamber  and  Senate  were  h<  ]<i 


m  Ifervmber.  The  ronai 
ha*  h*vn  dominant  since 
rnuntry.  wa»  almmt  exU 
ernuwnt  won  all  the  stats 

I 

>NI  \.  «•.  ah..  .Into  monarchy  in  northern 

Htary  in  the  dynasty  of  Komanoff- 

n  tho  order  of  primogeniture. 

the  (."xar.  is  assisted  by  a 

frm,  each  having  charge  of  an 


B    party,   which 
real  ion   of    the 

•J  in  the  Senate 


:--|iartment  :  a  ('.-uncil  of  Slat.-,  which 
.\aiiiin.-,  and  pa—  ex   upon 
milted  l>y  the  in 

sii|H-rintcnd»  the  judiciary  and  . 
general    administration  ;'  find    a     l|..|y    S 
whii-h    directs    religious    allair-.     'I  • 
Km|H-n.r  i-  II.  l-m    Max  ' 

succeeded  his  father.  •    lll.<>n    \ 

1894.       The    mill  \MTr    ill    oilier 

:    Miiii-t-T  ..ft  In-  In 
Court   and   of    !>..  mains.  Count    .!.  .! 


Ministrr  of  l-'oi 

lent    of    the    c.,uncil.   N. 
Mun^e;   Ministri-  ..f  \\ 

il    I  he    ll-iv  S\nod.   |\.  p. 
l'ol»ednnost/rlT:   Miiiist.-r  of    Ivlucat  ion.   > 
.1.   h.  1  1.  n.inolT  ;   Minister  •  •        ,nnmi- 

cation.  M.  K  nvoshrin  :   Mini»t.-r  of 
and    homar  '^  ••nno|«.|T  :  (  'ontroll- 

eral.  T.  .F.  FilippoiT;   Minisi.-r  nf  .li. 
Miiravii-lT:   Mini-ti-r  of  tin-  Int.-n-.r.  .1.  h.  Hur- 

Mini-ter    <-f     Marine.     Admiral 
TchikhatchetT:   Minister  ,,f  l-'inam-r. 
[).  M    Solsky,   M.  Ostrovsky,   M.  de  Plehv. 
^loyaiiovsky  were  ministers  \\ithou1 
folios,  and  the  (Jrand  Dukes  (ieo|-^e.  heir 
cut,    and   Vladimir.   Alexi-.    and    M  . 

Ilieinhers  of  the   (  'olineil   ..f    Mini-let- 

death     (»f     M.    de     I.UIIlTe.     the     I.T'esideliey     of    the 

Council  was  assigned  to  J.  N.  Ihirn- 

•I  :ni>ter  of  the   Interior  l,\    .1.   I.. 
(Joi-emykin.     When    M.   de    (Ji.-r>   died. 
.lanuary,  Assistant-Minister  Shishkin  t..ok 

of  the  Pepartmenl  oi 

ally  until   it  was  committed,  on  March    I1- 
nit'ely    t«»     Prince     Lol»anolT-Ho<to\ 

Ministry  of  Way*  of  Communication  wa- 

ferred  to  Prince  KhilkolF  early  in  January. 
(Jen.  C«.unt  I'rota^-olT  entered  the  Council  as 
adjunct  to  Admiral  TdiikhatehefT. 

I  inanccs.—  The  liudu'ct   intimate  of  ordinary 
receipts  for  1895  was   1.! 

which  2,000,000  moles  «.f    e\ 
ree.-ipu  were  coiintrd  ii|»onaii'i  • 

ivailalile  from  the  :i-per-cent.  loan 
to  balance  the  expenditures.  i-Mimai- 

t()  rul.les.  ineludin-  <M 
traordinary   expenditure   for   railro., 
lion.    Of  theordinarv 

come  from  direct  taxation  :  5H4.1  8  ruble! 

from    indi'  :"(»    nil.le- 

stami 

and   telegraphs:  rubles   fp 

domain>.  and  other   state   pr<  ; 
ruliles  from  repayments  of  loan-  ' 
>.  I  r.'.l.Mi  rul.les   froin   n  ; 
vances  and  from  other  sources,     of  theor 
di*biir-  827,41  :.«»!  I    rul.les  are    f" 

pul.lic   del  for    the    superior 

:,ment    bodies.    j:j.04«.WW    ruble*    f, 
Holy  Synod.   n.TU'.'.^'.J   rubles  for  the  M 
of  the  'Court,  -l.s!»:,.7-|«i  rubles  for  t 
of  Foreign    Alia..-.   -JTI.HJI.:!!:}    rub 
Mini-try  of  War  ifl  ruble*  for  tl.- 

f'Marine.  1  n.  ;  iu.::!i-j  rubles  for  the  Min- 
istry of  Fii  r  the  Min- 

iMry   of    Iioma  1  If,    rubles    for    th»- 

Ministry   of  the   Interio: 
the  Ministry  of  Public  Instruction 

for  th«-  Ministry  of  Koa<ls  and  Communi- 
DB,   26,148,870  rubles   for  the   Mini- 


f   r 
•  r  thr 


general  utility,  ami  IQjMKMK 

• 

\  ,    .X 


TIM  empire  b  divided  into  18 

.mi*.  niul  . 

icinn*  of  in  fai:' 
the  frm)*!  |m%P 

iM'*  4*  <im*ionN  of  infaitlnr.  2$ 

ri.-M   art,  I 


4 


Tbr  |IU,k  sr.  •~m£St*ii 
turT.  •  <  albrrtiM' 


•    Imitali.x  n.  88 

ptaadSeomnntcupf  urtilleiy,  7  i>nfpidM 

:   ">   lutl  I  ail  III  |NOi*» 

.•pi  4 

irtil- 

i  196  piece*.     Thr  llrrtUn 

1      ,,f    Hi.-    iii.-l.-l   -f    l-.H.    Imvititf  a 
'•.'  milliiiM'trm  ami  a  ma^raziiu 

»ill   hav<<  been 

1HM.     ThrT/ar 
i-l.   IMltt.  I.,    th 

•.(MM)  of  th.    lUnlnr,  nil.-,  with 
^^•HM)  cartridgw,    cannmi.    inm  • 

tl  ait  a  |T  «nt 

n.-.l    uitli  '!..    It-nlan  rarbioe 

in  thr   fr>.nt   rank* 

.inal  -tn-i;  annj 

*VMS  men.  ami 


tte  Whllr  Sr* 

r«tor.4fwhM 
15  totpado  boaU  M»d  c«  i 

.:  .-       . 


MJi 

v~l  in 

niottBf  aiiML  wa*  1  16*  ^H  a^aWaB  am  MBA.  Taw 
prodort  of  tine  in  IBM  9m  M8t  u*» .  W  ««f 
par.  4.1ft  too* ;  of  t*s  in«.  t*M*i  i«*» .  «rf 
o*!.e,HOO.OOOU*a,  YW  ^d^i.  ^  iw  .«*•• 

' 


' ofllcers  ami  7SK,430  men  of  all  arm* 
TO;  3.H4O  infantrv  <»fthvr<*  NII«|  143.- 

- 

I.KI4  ..mo-r*  an.l   IMJ4DMI     |afl 

J*>  officer*  MM!  900.- 

the  ftvcond  reaerN  tr  f-«*i*f 

•I  to  be  2.532,408  ..fflrrn  MM! 

r  — Tht>    fl. 

IVtn>nat).»v»fc.w  and 

•txl 

with  .1  »u 

f  8-inch  Kmn«  an«l   nuo»efw» 

B8J    I    caaemaleil    arwof *OIM 

*  mooiioc*:  3 


...~     <«  lJi.nl    " 


il  iTuiM«r>.  r*  Kuril.' 


' 

tanin 

• 


'  •  largo  part  of  the  gm 
port* 

f  (tic   capital  and   tin   pi 
northern  Russia  will  derive  advantages   from 
the  important   new  line  fr<>tn  \  Ardi- 

angel,  from  one  that  will  furnish  an  nutlet  for 
the  prod  u<  mi-tit  <>f  Viatka.  from 

one  that  will  run  from  St.  1'.  ;.  r-l-uri:  to 
in  (.aplnnd.  ..-.•!  from  others  that    h.. 
\    lin    •   lin< 
5.  Petersburg  with  tin-  in-minus  uf  i 


if  in  contemplation. 

•    tin-    Siberian    Kail  road, 
!  into  7  s. 

appropriation  made  f«»r  its 

/.•.M  .'10.4M3  Pttbl  I,     Ifefl  work   i- 

being  pushc<l  from  (  'heliabinsk  ami  Vladivostok, 

the  termini.  and   from    Irkutsk  east    and  west. 

n   the  eastern   sections.  which   have 

advanced    more    rapidly    than    the    other 

parts.   wan  done   partly   by    hired   (  him- 

Korean  laborers  and  Daftly  l»y  mnviets.  who  re- 

ceive immunities  ami  pay  f<>r  their  labor.     Tin- 

work  of  c-rimiimls  on   tin-  middle   section-  has 

been  satisfactory,  but  the  engineer  of  the  ' 

•TCt  ion    pr>  '  .  and    -.-MI   l>aci 

convict*  that  were  sent  from  Sa-halicn.  \- 
there  was  an  expenditure  of  15,000.000  rubles 
beyond  the  c-timate  on  this  sect  ion.  a  eommis- 
SJo'n  was  appointed  to  investigate  the  matter. 

Post*  and  Telegraphs.—  Th<    I...-T  ,,m.-,.  in 
1808  carried  189,^0,000  domestic  an.i 

tern,  82,920,000    dome-tic    and 
4^»7,000  foreign  postal  r,03.000  do- 

mestic and  18,108,000  forei-n  newspapers  and 
circular*,  and  15.2*35.0(10  domestic  money  letters 
with  a  declared  value  of  .  "«•  francs. 

The  receipts  of  the  jn.st  office  were  94,10 

'  the  telegraph  service  47.724,882  franc-. 
while  the  expenses  of  both  services  were  98,851,- 
n-  team  ' 

The  telegraphs  had  in  1893  a  total  length  of 
:••.'  miles  of  wire.    The 
numU-r  of  internal  messages  was  10.'' 
of  foreign  messages  796.111  were  sent  and  826,- 
011  received. 

Finland.—  The  (irnnd  Duchy  of  Kinland  has 
a  Legislature  in  which  the  4  estates  of  the  n<»- 
tbe  clergy,  the  burghers,  and  the  peasants 
are  represented.  Gen.  Count  ll.-\d.-n  is  the 
Governor  General  and  Oommander  in  chief  of 
the  troops  of  the  eireutiiM-ription  of  Finland. 
The  POJMJ]  -IMS  of  LMI'J.OOO  Finns, 

W2.000  Swedes,  6,700  Russians,  1,750  Germans, 
and  1.140  LAODS.    The  number  (.f  marriages  in 
law  was  KWtt:  -f  birtl. 
SS.121    The  revenue  for  1895  is  estim.v 
07.d5.174  marks  or  francs  and  exp«-ndii 
the  mm*  figure.    The  public  d  1SO,430 

The  imports  In    I-.M  wen  valued  at 
X)  marks,  ai  I«;.(KM».(HHL 

P«lltirs  and   Lrflslation.—  The  new  - 
mad*  tt  c)«ar  at  the  outset  thnt  he  di.l  not   in- 
to alter  the  internal  policy  instituted  l,v 
i  father.    Althriijrh  Gen  Oourko 
«57">«r  B.  .  , 

IbTft-.  •      mat.^uCountShuvaloff), 

ili     T1,"  !h"  r 

•Wjal.  ami   publicly   thanked    him    for 
n*d  aceompHtwid  by  his  rough  met  li- 


the way  of  making  Poland   Ku  —  i., 

\al   of  the  Jew-  from  their 

'in-  pale  was  rein-wed  »fi 
intermission,  atxi  the  emi-al  i"ii  iuoveiu<  ni  ihus 

stimulus.     (M 
elo-iiii;   the    health   resorts  ami    mineral 

of  Rusaift  and  the  Cftooasus  t..  HI-IU-I-W  ii 

other  universities  wished  to  petition  the  t 
chanu'e  the  olin<>\iou>  regulation-    . 

;    in    the    lu-h.  •  :,al    in-lit 

bill    Were  c  .....  pelled   l.y   the   autllo|-Jt|. 

The    poliee    hnitally    mishandled    some    i 
student-   in   M.    \ 
the    poli<-e    ntVu-ial-    sought    t- 
making  many  arrests  of  suppo-ed  Nihili 
.itical  |»ro-ecuiioii-.      \\'h. 
of  /.-m-t\os  waited   upon  th- 
IIILT   ;i    de.-laralion    i.f   lii-   -entiinei 
pirdini:  the  moot«-d  <|uc-ti<»n  of  |o,-. 

erninelll.  lie  e\|.re-.-ed  Ililliself  to  the 

on  Jan.  'J!i  in  a  way  that   «li-ap|M.int 

!  con-tit  ui  ioiiali-iii  : 


1    illll   ]>lell-C'l    to    M-e    here   the 

as-eml>lc<l  to  cxpruHH  their  ' 
I   believe  in  the    sincerity  "f   these    sent. 

.iwuys    IK-CD   obi 

Hut  1  uni  aware  that  in  certain  meetinLr« 
:ive   lately  ln-eii  raised  l.y  p. 
away  l.y  absurd   illusions  about   the  pai 

L'ovenniient.      Let   all    know  that,  in  «1«  > 

strength  t"  the  Welfare  of'  the  people.  I   il 

tc.-t  the  principle  of  autocracy  a>  firmly  and  iii 
M  did  my  lute  and  nevl-r-to-bo-rorgotteii 

The  (Jovcrnment  control  over  the  conni: 
indu-trial,  and  social  activities  of  th> 

.MIL:.     The  pea-ant  ry  arc  I.ein^  assi^^^l 
new   ways,  and   the   financial  aiTair-  of  i 
bility  are  l.cin-  taken  under  the  -upcrvi- 
the  'Government.     The    pawn-hops    ha\< 
brought  in  :imcnt  direction,  as  > 

the  drink  tralVp  inking  law-  em 

(Jovi-riimeiit  oilicials  to  dictate  to  bank-  r 
in^'   the    management    of    their  atTa 
loaning  "I    their  fund*.     Stringent 

have  ftlso   been    impo-cd    Upon    tjie    o; 

st(M-k  speculators  and  all  the  transaction-  ,,f  tho 
boiir-e.     The    laws    of    factory    inspect  !••• 
regulation,  aln-ody  very  .strict',  hav, 
oii^'h! 

A  n'.-w  penal  code,  on  which  experts  ha\ 
at  work  since  1881,  was  completed  in  l^.'~>.    The 
commi-sjon  collated   all   the    penal    laws  of  the 
empire  and  tho-e  of  the  mo-i  enli^lr 

ami  stmlied  the  theories  of  scientific 
and.  after  preparini:  »  trdicral  out 
their  ibmitted   it   to  expci 

various  countries  for  criti- 
Of  the  Commission  ffl  work  was  tin-   enactn 

laws  in  1884  and   1885  for  -uppn 

-  and    hou-c-  r.f   redu-ioi. 
i-hment    in   pri-'.n-    9  gated,  and 

-t  jon  of  the  co  mini--  ion  laws  \v 

.ry  and  the  fraudulent  a-  t-  of  •  : 
A  commercial    treaty   was    r..nc|ude<: 
Greece;  and  on  June  1  Tone  between  liu^- 
Japan  was  signed  ai  *burg,  similar  in 

if-  provisions  to  those  already  mad"  l-y  Japan 
with  (treat  Britain,  the  Un  .and  Italy. 


KALVATtOX 


S 


\M\l'"l:  ..  Ammra.      thfltfelM.   oftd 

-lr,|      III      ft      .tlljfle        <  .». 

annual     able 

BOivtml  Sffi^j,1  XVM  UI..N    ti 

•  r*i  •*»  |>r*»-  in  u. 
.n!  1'n-i.lriu  in  J,,, 

-I  (irn.  Carl.*  K/rta,  and  rffMMli 

udMWlo  Alfaitia* 

IH't     WM    C«O*( 
Prodrnriu    Alfnn>-     Kinniicr    ami     I'ulilu- 


The  population  wa* 


Uw,  $902,000  fr..in  t>. 

nm  »t«in|H.  ni..l  |l.-  •-  iwiiat  bt 

ilubaraMDtBti  «i-rr  Much  wodi  vw 

ll.i.-^.i-ii,-.          M       -.r  '           ;•.  . 

HT.  Tl                 n  Amy  10  iw  fMU4  *•••§  ^ 

«t.-r..f  I'ul.li.    Iii^tru.  ti«m,  luni«l   in    llMvaibvr.  IMft:   %M»W^  W   ««*)» 

inist«T  of    I'ui.lio  Works,  and  o«ipa^  tM:  ol 

wai  Affairs  and  dal«a. 


Mi -tn  i  liaMA. — A  futile  attempt  at 
*a0  dbooTered.    ('<>!.  !>• 

Other  )M<lM«««ninnl<»nNi  to  !H<  nhot 


I       •    • 
tiiix-  in  Mrii 


i m  "f  the  HnUM,  after «nni  went  ti 
•uth«>n 

ii  boftnl  it  at  pMHHI 

.  !»„.••.  AhmthU     0«JM0I4 

..I  ill,-  i-r!  ..f  l^i  UbertadtlM 


•i    iniiirrrotitin  van  rtartni  al 


t  ho  wpa|«»r 
ere  taken  fn>m  him  bv  the 


who  had     I'M. 


SANTO 


8EARCD    l.li'.HT. 


Christian  rvlu-i  ->n.    There  are  450  foreign  whiles 
H>  contract   laborers  from  other 
d*.    The  revenue  collected  from  for. 
141.919  German   marks  in   1WH 
3  ' marks   came  from  direct   taxes,  8,857 
marks  from  a  tax  on  buildings,  94,005  marks 
tan  Import  duties,  and  1*.144  marl 

in, •*.     «>f  tin-  ;  ..ntributcd 

ft  per  \mericans9 

percent.,  ami  other  f.  1  |»ercent. 

i  :unorU  in  1894  were  valued  at 
jo  marks,  of  which  912.231  mark 
itiiimrtcd  by  (ierman.  388,055  marks  |.v  British, 
;   marks  l.y  Aineri.  an.  ami  'J4«.is?  marks 
by  other  houses.     The  exports  amounted   to 
1J8&545  marks,  of  which  th.-  (iermans  exported 
1,905.093  and  the    British  Tlu- 

e\p..rt«  consist  of  copra.  coffee,  and 

SB  Crmtta 
The  system  of  government  ami  internal 

ated  by  the  Ilerliu  final  act  has 
•;vc.  The  King  has  never  been 
recocni/'-'l  l.y  th.-  Tiimua  party,  and  the  people 
-  own  party  pay  no  attention  to  the  .-diets 
toned  in  his  name.  The  President  of  the  Mu- 
in.-ipality  of  Apia  has  neglected  to  pay  him  his 
allowance,  leaving  him  often  without  the  neces- 
saries of  life.  Xon«- of  tin-  islanders  will  pa\  th«- 
noil  tax  of  $1.  and  the  revenue  collected  from 
foreign  traders  has  diminished  and  trade  is 
falling  off  because  the  natives  under  the  lawless 
conditions  that  prevail  get  out  less  and  less 
copra.  Except  on  the  German  plantations,  pro- 
•n  has  almost  ceased.  Anns  and  ammu- 
nition were  smuggled  in  for  the  rebels  from  New 
Zealand.  Tamasese  and  his  allies  attacked  the 
tribes  belonging  t<>  the  King's  party,  but  before 
November  hostilities  were  at  an  end.  The  com- 
mission appointed  to  investigate  the  land  claims 
of  foreigners  found  that  Q  fiad  legally 

secured  titles  to  a  large  part  of  the  best  land", 
but  that  many  of  the  claims  presented  by  Brit- 
ish and  Am  n-  invalid. 

BAHTO  IH»||\(,O.  republic  in  the  West 
•  j«> ing  the  eastern  part  of  the  i-!and 
of  llayti.  The  Congress,  a  single  chamber  <.f  22 
members. an<l  the  President  are  elected  indir.-.-tly 
for  four  years.  <J-  n.  t'lises  Heureaux  was  re- 
elected  f,,r  hi-  thir.1  term  in  1892. 

The  treasury  receipts  in  1894  were  $•,' 
929.  of  which  $2,874,446  were  derived  from  cus- 
tom, ThOpubli  i'ec.  81.  1894,  amounted 

.1*05.085  sterling,  $2,058,415  in  gold  and 
$4.790,820  in  currency. 

The  imports  in  1894  were  valuwl  at  $2.898,- 
65*.  and  the  exports  at  $5,888,471.    The  princi- 
pal exports  are  coffee,  sugar,  cacao,  nun,  tobacco, 
mahogany,   logwood,  lancewood,   hides, 
and  honey.   The  imports  are  cotton  ,-loih.  hard- 
•w>.  crorkprr,  breadstuffs,  ami  |,r..vi- 
l»i|0omntu  relations  with  France  were  broken 
in   1K»4  in  oonsequen       ..f   the  sei/.ure  l,v 
ggjlctirraux  of  $6(».CMK»  in  a  French  bank 
>rh  th*  Government  had  a  claim.     The 
•"vcrnmmt  demanded  restitution  and 
4«ry.  also  an  indemnity  for  a  Fn-nch  « -iti- 
•  »*  imph~,n«l  for  tw  ,.-nths 

flfid  f..r  a  French  merchant  ; 
f«o»Trlli.  rrwntly  mur-i 

«as  allrwi.  of  the  Dominican  au- 
.Santo  Domingo  proposed  to  submit 


the  differences  to  the  urltitrnti  :i,  hut 

the  arraiiL'eiin-n1  •    consummated.      In 

i  \s:ir    ship-    \\elit     1. 
nti   Prince,  and  Ihem-e  the  admiral 
that    unless  a  Settlement    was    m:i.|. 

\v»uld  proceed  t- 

OQStomnOQte.     President    ileure:tu\   i-epli< 
liaiilly  ami  :  •••mliardim-nt. 

while  the  1'niie.:  •nent  ini<  -i 

inlimatini:  that  ii  could   n 

military    action    against    Snni 
iti..ns  were  resumed,  and  in  the  .  i 

Mean  (lovernilif 

lu-eaking  the  seaN  placed  l»\  t  he    l-'reiidi 
on  the  Maiu|ii(»  Dominicaine  and   t<>   : 

ih  the 
hank  'to  the   arl.jtrai 

Boimare  1.000,000  francs  as  romp. 
illegal   impri-'Miiu-nt  ;  and  to  pa\  an  ind< 

Iran.'-    t«.    the    family    ol 

whose  murderer  had  I  .    The 

l-'rem-h  mini-ter  arrived  in  Santo  I>.>nim_ 
Admiral    l-'oiirnier  <>n    April   1(5.  and    tin. 
-  '1    with   honor-  l>y  the  President  ai, 
coined  by  the  populace.     The  di-pute  I 
Santo  Domingo  and  Ha\ti  re^ardinir  the  Ix.iiiid- 
ary.  ulndi   ha-  "Hen   Lri\<'ii   ri-e  t..  frieti. 
h«i"s|i|,.  dnrnmstratioiis.  ha-  lieeii  referred  tn  the 
arl'itration  .,f  the  P.ip.-. 

An  uprising  against  the  Government  <•• 
in    the  middle   of  October,  at    Han: 
on   the  frontier  of   Ha\h.      President   II' 
j.n.inptly  di-|.at«-hed  troops,  who  killed  all  the 
rebels,  giving  no  quarter.    In  other  plaees  in  the 
northern  and  eastern  parts  of  the  country  where 
the  people  were  organ  i/ed  for  reU-llion.  i 
ous  arrests  were  made,  and  many  | 
court-martialed  and  shot. 

1.  11.111.      i        ml,  li^ht  i 


modern  invention:  the  principle   involved  in  its 
con<i  ruction   has   been   famili;. 
though,  like  the  telescope,  it-  exact  origin  i-  un- 
certain.    He  who  first  placed  a  liirht  inth< 
of  a  concave  reflector  wa-  its  inventor.    All 
liirhts  to  In  h  li^ht-.  1  1 

fnun  the  thinnes-  of  the  material  employ 
their  construction  and   their  lialiility  to. 
form  localise  of  expansion  and  contract. 
heat  and  cold,  and   for  other  reason-,  th 

in  perfect  ones. 
Of  the   four  curves  that  may  be  • 

com  --  the    circle,    the    rllip-e.    tile    pafaltoi. 

the  hyperbola  —  the  la-t  only  will   parallel! 
rays  from  a  light  set  at  i't-   focus.     I  m 
ce'ntly  all  lighthouse  illumination  wii 
l.y  the  oil   lamp  gn-atly  inten-ified  l.y  tie 
n'el  lens,  but   the  more  recent  introducti 
the  electric  arc  light   has  wrouj 
in  the  science  of  paralioli/.ed   li-ht 

increa-ed   penet  rat  i"ii    tin 
The  li^(,"t  thus  produce  I.  r.  11-  --ted  fi 

lie    mirror,  has  l».-eii    named   the 
liL'ht.  and    is    the    mo-t    intense    artilicja! 

.  IM  inir  limited  only  l»y  the  power  of  the 
dyimii  ting  the  electricity  there! 

the  introduction  of  the  electric  search  light  the 
rays  were  narallelized  by  parabolic  pile. 
metal,    and    later     by    paralx.lic    lei: 
soon    displaced    the    Jong- 
The    Maiigin    projector,  a-    it    was    called. 

•st  among  search-light  project  or.->  for  many 


BEAU-  II    l.iUIIT. 


ran*  u  «  greater 

^•iw,  tin-  |  wimlx.hr  Kla*«  mirror 
ner  form*  of  prokcK**. 

u»I    rtii-l   oft  if* 

-»r» 
i»lir  Ula*-   r.-M.,  t,.r  WM».  »  )«•»  chl 

it*n«  ami  alao  MibiriMl*  • 

nan 

'  lie  rratrr  OQ  the  pQMMVQ 


.i 


'   M  In.  h 


i  I  he  Par 
UUml  of 


d  to  mm  h  at- 

•'•-•.. 

"'it*.  «h«f«  it 


ourt,  b  plain  IT 
.- n  i.-.  101  mUm 

•Mi 

f..r  tin-  . 

in:      '     k  n     A  \ ,    •  •  •   .    •      : . 

itully  tfir-mmoinnll.n.l. 

hull',  win-  I.,  rxrepl  for 

»t«T  -i/,.  a(,,i   |-  :  .•'.',.;      A  ,  •  ,         .;. 

•«e  ma  on  §hi|»bnanl,  wilt  Midler. 
;  tical 

if    Ihr   r«l, 

iiirh  tln<  •  frra 

pberical  aU-rrnti    .  nn.l  r.  rt.n-t*  tin-  hum 
».«•.,  ieo.il     ,,ir.,  •:.     Ita  m  |M      -M-. 
ri.in.-Ulr 

^pounds.    Th« 

t  one  ciulof  which  it. 

NM  unineoM  drum,  ami  it*  door  conrittt 

•tin   in  win.  h  are  flxe«i  pUtr  f \tm 

thick  ami  «  in.-h.-«.  • 
electr  u|M.n  %»:i 

t«»  the  iNittmn.  is  6  feet  high  and  wright 
aml«.     Ita  carbons,  mnntifii.  tur.-^l  ««pa* 

nrobroui;)  »nre.     Th. 

positive  carlH.n  t.  i.   inch  in  diameter 

with  a   iVi"'*n  «••  • 
rboo  miming  fruni  •  ml  t..  «*nd  thnniph 

rt  lonir.  and  ha*  al«> 

.rboo  b,  in  Ibe 
tiuakto  of 

!    in    tin-    in-^.iti\i-    .-iirU 

Thr  |">* 

it  *et  a  litJl.-  in  fr  ::•  <-f  t!  .    t    n 
Bt  nearly  all  th 

it  cant  «i|«>n  tii--  M  irn-r      The 
rrvnt  at  which  thii  lamp  -M- •*»' 
ip#rr>.  -10  lamp  a  iiimimNM 

' 
Iiiminoii- 

•-•«  for  ml  jilting  t  hr  po4- 

•UtiUdr.  aiul  anr  nr- 
rralow 

ill  mar  U-    RMW<palaled 
:n*  from    hi*    p 
be  may  be  movnl.  both  in 


MB  HI 

TW 


the 
naval 
ami 


thr 


. 
' 


•MM»A>  lt«a«  u  a^  «v«tea*  ••  ea^Hl  §A  taw 

•lewai  ••§•  iv  •**  *« 

amy  «f  ' w  |^"Tj""'2-ll»  •»«»»•«••* 
i»  ilvteMi«Mivt«a|«liaiti«la4MHM9 


898 


SERV1A. 


to  telegraph  Morse  or  cipher  messages  with  im- 
portant information  from  vessel  to  vessel. 

:l,c  follow.!!.;  dimensions  and 
powers  are  now  common  on  our  war  ships:  80 
centimetre*  tliatnrter.  8.000  candle  po» 
.let**  diameter,  80,000  candle  pow- 

"«*>  candle  power;  90 

Several  nations,  notably  the  inn.d  States 
v.  :  ,  ,  ...  •::  ido  i'«lalx>raU!  experiment?. 

OB  the  vi>r    ..   \    <>f   tin-    -ear<  h  liirlii    a! 
Hear,  cloudy,  foggy,  and  moonlight  ni^lr 

I,    Tin-  roult  obtained 

by  the  German   committee   was  that   <>n  a 
Moonless  night  a  white  lijjht  of    1-candlc 
,        .  :    :     i    1    mtl<  .  iiiul    1    mile   "ii  a  rainy 

night,     Tho  American  te-t  -howed   that  in  very 
dear  weather  a  \\z\\\  of  1  -candle  power  could  be 
of  1  imtiiii-al   mile; 

1  of  8-candIe  power,  at  2  mile-;  1  of  Hl-cumllc 

power.  faintly 

while  1  of  :w-candle  power  was  seen 

plainly  at  that  remove.   With  green  light  a  106- 

OafkUs   power  was    vi-iMe    for    only   4    mil.-. 

light  was  found  to  ln>  far  more  penetrat- 

ing than  any  tinted  light,  especially  through 

fog.    Experience  has  demonstrated  that  no  au- 

tomatic device  can  take  the  place  of  a  hand- 

controlled  lamp.     With  automatic  control  iw<» 

great  difficulties  occur  which  only  hand  control 

may  remedy,    vi/..  the  shifting  of  the  crater 

into  an  unfavorable  position  and  the  building 

point  on  the  end  of  the  nega- 

ir»M,n.  technically  called  a  ••mushroom," 

which  the  o|H-rator  breaks  off  l»y  brin^in-  tin- 

carbons  together,  which   no  automatic  control 

could  do.     Kvcii  were  it  possible  to  do  this  me- 

.illy.  the  len-theninu'  <>f  the  arc  and  prob- 

able extinction  <>f  the  Ijtfht  would  result.     And 

':-tnndin;r  the-e  objections  the  au- 

tomatic lamp  has  some  advantages. 

While,  as  we  have  seen  tin-  nnong 

Search  lights,  the  Iv-h-.  Mountain  instrument. 
has  a  mirror  ~t  feet  in  diameter,  those  employed 
in  the  war  -  LQJ  have  the  standard 

size  of  90  •  with  a 

••(•ss  of  A  »>«•».   lnc  two  surfaces    I-  m- 
parallel 

Metal  reflectors,  though  as  easy  to  construct 
•S  those  of  glass,  are,  from  their  rapid  deteriora- 
tion of  luster,  especially  at  sea,  d  little  value. 

•     !'•  m   '•    and  <i.-rmany    have 

surpassed  all  other  countries  in  the  manufacture 
of  these  instruments,  yet  the  success  embodied 
to  the  greatest  of  search  lights,  described  in  this 
f»p<»r.  must  attest  to  the  excellence  of  American 


MKVI  A.a  monarchy  in  xmithoast. 

•ive  body  is  a  single  Chamber,  failed 
the  Sk'ij.^htina,  consisting    --f    1:54    members, 

.  )'>  dm-ct  universal  suffrage. 
injcKmjr  i*  Alexander  I.  b  ,rn  Aug.  11.  ]*•;• 
i  to  th-  throne   aUlicated    by 
liUn.  hn  fftflu-r,  on  March  9,  1881). 
•••Ill  the  rr.yiU  power*. 

r  by  a  »«/,  «/V/o/,  on  April  HI.  1898.    The 

•   •  H  i-  .-li- 

nger and  Minister  of  • 
••h:    Mini 

•     <.  I'  ibUc 
•''      '  ^/^.•In- 


and Worship,   }..  Klerich  :   Min 

.     '  ii  ;   Mini-: 

rullure  ami  Com  ilioh  :   Mil. 

:rh. 
I   ill. Mice-.        ;  i.uduel     for 

.      r.  i.r.Vi.lin  '   ilinai   .   <  r    I;..:,.  -.  ..i    ul.i.-l, 
20,544,600  dinars  an-  derived  fx.m 

tlon.    0,000,000    dina: 

dinar-   Ir-m   excise,  15,940,000  dina  i 

000  dinar-    fnun    the   law  . 

from   the  ; 

fro'ii  stab 
.  and  -anital  l"li  fuie' 

From  other 

tures  are  estimated  tit 

"Ml  are    the    civil   list, 

interest  on  the  debt,  UMMMHI  dn 

of   the  Skup-hnna.    I .>.-»•  I  dinar-    ll 

of  the  Council  of  8t 

expenses,  V.'.!s»J.ii!»!i  dinar-   pen-ion-  and  -  . 

:. •.'<•»;  dinars  the  appropria' 
ducat  ion.    and   worship.    1.17" 
for  foreign  ;.'(»  dinar- 

terior.  U.J-J^.s;,:  dinar-    for   tii... 

'..vs.",.!!.-,;,  dinar-  for  public 
2,980,666  dinars  for  ai^ricultui 

,  I    dinar-     :  : -ard  of   ( 

l.-.'.'i».?i:j  dinar-  for  mi-.-ellaiieous  expm 

The  debt  o,,  .Inly  l.  1895,  amounted  t.>8oM 
51 L600  dinars. 

Ihe    Armv.  -The  active  army  in  1^!'! 
beivd    !HMI   ol'licers    and     !f,.l  j;    ,,",,.|i.   \\itl, 

horses  and  206  field  iruns.     'I  i 
i/ed    in  ."i  divisions,  and    in   ca- 

, ")  men  constitute  the  field  arm;. 
which  arc  !.">. (»•;:»  f,,rt  iv—  art  ill. -r 
tain  artillery,  -appcr-  and   miners,  «  ' 
:5s-j  dc[K)t  troops  and  "iMJ  men  m 

the    first   ban,   and    (J; {.?*."»   in   the  - 
brin^ini;  up  the  full  war  strength  t 

-':'.  men. 

<'oiiiiiii>m>  and    I'rodnrtion. 
of  cattle  and  pigs  reach  20,000,000  dinars  a 
wheat    and    Indian    corn    about    th< 
dried   prune-  in  some  years  half  as  much,  tin- 
product  bdng  from  90,000  to  40.000  • 

total  value  of  the  import-  in  ls!»">  w.: 

.iinars.  of   \vl.i.  :  KM)    dinars 

Anstria-ll:.  .'.i-J.OOO   dinar-   from    OrlK 

Britain,  231^000   dinar-    from  ( icrmaiiy. 

(KM>  dinars  from  Turkey.   1.417.IMH)  • 

the   United   State-.  l.ls;;.<i()i»  dinars   from  Rfll 

mania,  and  smaller  amounts  from  I, 

rland.    France,    and    Belgium.     T' 
ports  were  valued  at  46,023,000  din.. 
•H.lld.(MK)    dinars    went    to    An-tr 

:.«KK»  dinar-  to  (M-rmany.  'J.."»l  I.IHIU  .i 
Turkey,    and    the    rest     mostly    to   neigln 
countries. 

4  oiiiiMiinic.il  ion-.  The  railr 
length  of  :'.::<;  mil«-s     There 
•A  ith    l.n;::  m 

number  of  dispatches  sent  in  I 
of  which  764  e   internal.  ll'.U'.rj  ii 

tional.  and    1 4. H."i7  transit  di-pa- 
..llice  carried  10.:',1«.000  intern., 
national,  and    l.H!>7.(KX)  transit  !•  tt. 
nals.     The  receipts  of  the  postal  and  te! 
department  were  1,010,4-71  francs,  a: 
ancs. 


1  lhr« 


8EKVU 

m.-0n  Jan.  13,  IHftl.    rrir  i  ngiii J  U  ii I L , 

j»*a*iit  Imder  and    %Z!i**tt£?r£Zi 


• 

I***    . 

•    of 

*•  lu.lh  r  ,b  wtatfc* 

••rh  an  rtUfti 

:  .  ' 

a*4  k.. 
MaM  ||.f 

IB      Off          MKW  Caf    VIliA^MM    ^-**.    M       Y*i0am*fc^^>^Bv^ 

tn!Hr«Ha1la»»<h«i»i<  a  n  cti^  j 
iroca-    all  the  U»  r  ««Mr««4  **  mim4  a^ar 

a^a^Caf'LTLIJl*' 
draw     Ktnc  Milan  in 


ind  frml  »r* ».«  i.,  iW  c^ 


,f,.r,n  «,f  prot«*t,aiooill 
in    tl»«-  IH-W   sku|- 

M«l     lll'lll. 

it*,  the  PropMairtii  hail  a    inafaud  on  ha«tn«  a  k^al  r%a*  Ul 

u-,-n-  a  OOn-i  :    -v    ,,.......  .... 

the  uio-t  v    capital.     Mw   maratd   «•   May    £  a*' 

-I   MrtlwaiaMMlly   bt    IW    aa«a^ar«  a*4 


tM<<  M*l  t«Mk«^^M*»f   •^^^tf^^   K^^^A^A 


"i  (>>••  |H.l  i^  |tt/4a«««M|  W» 

t  (he  iiH-i  iin|Miriniit  plm^ea,     to  rorri  lilt  •> 
i«rl   a  rhainlMT   in   w»u«  h  it 

.  although   it   had        <»n  Ma«    II 
in.-inl 

••ll.. 1   to  nn  mrl>      nafOtalHoial  TJlli  lit  Ihnija  la^fciri.tllaf  nai 
for  thr  pun.-  «.f     nultinf  «ith  iW  Iradrt*  c4  all  law  t+* 
an  arr.  f»r  thr  unmralian 

1 1    ha-l   iiimli-  with 

•of  I'ttriv  M.-rlii:.;u..!  \  i.nnaUnk-     monio«al] 
I  nc|fi»tijitr<|  all  thr  Servian  l««n«.     ti-  h  and 

1*      rvMgnalfc'ii*       v 

scent,   loan   pMim-.i    t..   -avc  thr    alirm|4  u>  f  rw  a 
• "  a  vrar. 


•inmittoa  cniidrmniil.  and  the    COMtiUrted  on  J«ly  7  *l  fag***** 

mmt*m*m*3Cr* 


^•Ina    r  lie    propoaitlow  of 

':..!  fair*.  M..)M  XovaWHrf 

|!«ed  r  .if-  tm-T.    Ihmiin    MartoW«w4.    MaXUNt  «4  1% 

nt  71).  a  J.«n  nan^r.  Mrf«n  !*.«•.« »-a  .  Mail  lit  Wja*^  l«v% 

18,000.000  ,hwn.Htotnk.Mh.    pU.,  PfMMMDI  V 

MmiUrrW,- 
t.  nn.l   .npnnllv   i«,,.,l  .    V.n,..- 

••  Mill   lii-.|io|M,|y  ali-1  ii. •» 
HIM.  ID.tl.  h.  v 

Venue*  to   In*    i  .;,'  :.•:'•.    -.  •        . 


t 
aii-1  no  othrr  |>r--M*io 

i 


T W 

'»•  •*  LT* 


700 


SLoVD. 


When  the  Hungarian  Governm. -m  pr.  1. 

pigs  on  sanitary  grounds 
Atened  to  retaliate  b\  breaking 
off  commercial  relation*  with  Austria-Hui 

A  „„...  f  the  regulation  was  secured  in 

SeptetnUT.u  hereby  p.p.  .  H 

•••a  week's  quarantine,  and  those 
re  allowed  to  pass  through 
inclination. 

When  the  Skup*htiiia  n. 

wa*  announced   f«»r  tin-   reform  of  tin-  «  '--MM it  u- 

IKUI.   with  tin-  niiu  of  securing  stability.     The 

.il  difficulties  were  surmounted  i.\  t 

Q    -.eminent,    and    . 

were  N'.  .jr.  -1  f--r  the  pa\m.  m  <>f  tin-  inter 
the  debt  air  .-im.  ami  for  the  con- 

version and  unification  of  the  principal  loans. 
s|o\  n.  ;j  the  study  of  iloyd  in  the 

public  schools  of  Sweden  has  created  int. M 
teresL    The  sloyd,  a  system  «>f  manual  training 
in  wood  and  metal  %v.>rk.  i*  taught  as  an  .-pi  i-.n;il 


I  College,  has  been  universally  adopted. 
Tin*  has  been  called  the  slovd  system*  It-  ob- 
ject  is  solely  educational.  The  faults  of  the  old 
method  of  teaching  only  theoretical  subjects  be- 

ognized,  the  !••  f  the  teacher*  in 

this  field  were  studie.l.  and  a  method  was  formu- 
lated which  combines  hand  and  head  work  in  the 
simplest  way  possible. 

{•eakin?  of  the  sloyd  svstem.  it  is  neces- 
sary to  avoid  confounding  the  sloyd  series  of 
model*  with  the  system  itself.  The  t  WO  are  en- 

iistinct.  A  "series  of  models  is  never  more 
than  the  outward  expression  of  an  idea.  Model* 
of  almost  any  kind  could  IK?  constructed  on  the 

.pie*  that  underlie  those  of  the  Nail* 
and.  though  very  different   in  form,  they  ini^'ht 

i|iial  educational  advantages,  and  mi;:! it 
IN-  more  applicable  in  certain  instai. 
.vord  *lo\d  (Sweilish.  Slojd)  is  from  the 
Mid  "means   dexterity  or   skill.     Old 

-h   ha*   the  ad-  -lie  or  skill- 

full.    In  t)  t  the  word  A7/7- 

;lar  signification.  There  is  in 
Sweden  a  <li*tinct  class  of  workmen  known  as 
sloyder*.  whom  we  would  call  "  jack*-of-all- 

tradc*.**  as  they  are  able  t  i-  kind-  of 

j«»bs  about  a  house.  The  Swedish  word 
Sltjd  exists  in  other  languages,  but  has  a  more 
restricted  meaning,  referring  to  the  educational 
idea.  In  Kn^li*h  it  ouswith  manual 

training  as  distinct   from  technical  and  indus- 
trial train 

The  *loyd  has  for  it*  fir*t  object  to  give  an 

mche< 
of  crrum  trade*  and  bv  Imparting  a  - 

ntv  to  the  hand.    The  Swedes  set  out   to 

l»h«h   this  by  t«M,,.|,inkr   t|M.    |>(lV*   in   the 

the  rudiments  of  sj>ecial  trades:   but 

i«<»»rtled    that   system  some  years  ago, 

•t   them  that  t;  ..,*  not   old 

r-ufh  to  know  what  particular  trade  he  *l,ould 

Ai-»in.  usually  only  one  trade  <-,,u|d  U- 

thi»,*,f  course,  did  not  accom: 
ith  which  the  instruct  ion  was  given. 
*ibU-  to  teach  any  one  trade  tho,- 
oughly  in  the  »bon  tune  that  could  be  .i 


to  it   aj  .md.as  a  re*ult.  many  i-hililren 

left   the  school  impressed  \\itli  the  n'l.ti,.; 

.  I'e  c..Mlpetel||    Wi  >l'k  Illell . 

•f   the   *h-\d    i-  t..  d. 

the   mental    fae;dtie*  and.  at    t  lie  -a  me  tii 
impart  p«.*it  i\e  u*eful  informal  ion.     I 
the  dwlrine   that    educator-  and    tea 

been  preaching  for  a  lonur  time— th. 

ical  direction  to  menial  acti\  , 
not  only  Lorn  to  think.  l>ut   uNo  to  d 
creative  animal;  he  can  and   mu-t    eml.o 
in  form. 

The    thinl    ol.ject     ..f    the    *l..\il    i-   I 

mean-  of  int.-n-if  \  in-  intuitions,  lh< 

a  clean-r  in-i-ht  into  tin-  nature  of  • 
list  ruction 

cell!  rated -all     the    -Inject-    clovely     illtel",', 

the  one  servini:  to  aid  in  the  com'prehen> 
the  otlu-r — so  the  sloyd.  in  coml>inii. 
ret  ical   and    practical,  by   teachin.t:  t! 
of  the  arts  and   sciences'  and  the  im; 
strife! ion  and  illustration,  aims  to  excite  : 
tuitive  faculty. 

Sloyd   aims  to  cultivate  dexterity  in  ||. 
nipulation  of  tool*.     This  j*  considered 
its  secondary  aims.     Too  much  stress  im, 
be  laid  upon'  the  use  of  tools,  as  the  pupil 
t..  l«.*e  int«-re*t   in  the  work   if  he  d< 
full  and  « ) nick  result   for  his  labor.     In  Fltf^H 
at   one   time,  the  children   were  taught    ' 
*es   in   the   u-e  of  t.M.l*.  and    mod,  ] 
not    made    at    all.     In    the    Danish   -\-t.m    the 
making  of  model*  is  considered    of   sec. 
importance.     Very   few    are    made.    an<i 
only    because    they    necessitate    certain 

exerci*es  of  the  too]*.  The  ll-e  of  nmii\ 
should  be  taught,  but  should  serve  rath- 
means  than  an  end  to  thi*  instruction. 

Primarily,  sloyd  i*  to  be  used  as  a   m< 
formal  cdu'eat i«.n--f<>rmal,  a.s  opposed   t.. 
rial.      A   material   education   seek-   to   impart,  a 
definite  knowledge  of  thinur*  for  tin  ir  owi 
A  formal  education  seeks  chielly  to  devi  l"p  the 
innate,  mental  powers,  and  select*  and  impart* 
knowledge    in    order    to    *tren:_'t  In  ti    chai 
will    power,   memory,    percept  ion  — in   *1 .. 
tho*e   faculti<-s  of  the  mind   which  at    bi- 
dormant,  and  which  through  education  i 
chara«  teri-l  i«'*  of  the  itulividual. 

its  aims,  as  a  mean*  of  formal 
instruction, to  in*till  a  love  for  work 
to    cr  j.ect     for    r-'U-h.   h< 

;     f.     ilevelop     srlf-relianee    and      ill-i 

•rain    to    hal.it-    of   order.   exactmJK 
cleanliness,  and  ;   to  teach  habit 

tent  ion.  industry,  and  per 

the     development     of     the     phv-i'-al      pov 

train  the  eye  to  the  sense  of  form  :  and 
tivate  dexterity  of  hand.    The  foil, 
principle*  which   have  served   as  £<. 
choice  of  the  models: 
1.   All  artielcHof  luxur 

..-!ieul  \alii- 

8.  The  object*  can  be  finished  I 
selv. 

•l.  Ti..  '      '  ' 

tin-ly  Of  wood. 

|.!..y,-,l.   Inn  that   the  child   .-li'-n 

required  to  make  th.-e  th,- 
5.  The  work  b  not  to  be  polished.    This  refers  t- 


»  of  rl<*r  vtraUhaB,  Pmh  p4ld».  Nfli  ;•*»!.     , 

'™Su£ttinZ.    {T  " 

11,  *i*i  uui 


. 

•Md.  Tto 

• 


:£  :v^;;i^^ 


n    ttwcrn  all  »r 

M  w  well  «•  the  cutupleoMQi  of  k> 

ft  ho  modeblbe  f 


, 


^t'u  —     abfc  one  only  .u.r.de^^.w^^^^ 

,-«iv«.  »ir 
.'Icrtmkc  work  rvquinof  nwre  ex-        In  |9JD  IW  O.>i.|  •*•  irM  taaghl  la  aMMr  W 


•akl 
•boa* 

.low 


ticcoNMinr  aplitudr  to  make 
qoenth 


rhntc«chf>ti|iil  hare*  •  «rl  of  looli 

-s-i.-il  •  iu.Umr.1  nhotiM  )«•  i    .». . 

'In*  t«K>b  run  U-  tuil  «v*i 
•:.«u|.l  M  num- 

ulr.l  thnl   t». 
1  b(»  nailer  than 
MM, and  this  klotwa* carried  out  m 


iw^  a  f«Ha*»  i^aiH  «|M|  o^kwl  «a» 

^-  at  Jfaa^ai  tM  K«*4^^J   ^^J  ^  KflT?  lW  t^»«   «^ 


•n),and  wernl  private  perrons  had  « 

|.ur|M.M-.    The  11.  mnl  of  Aldcr- 
..1   the  sloyd  in  I  ho 
I.M.N  in  i»»7rt.    In  Got  hen  bu  iy  i  I  hn 
intY.*i  i-l  xm«l«'  ';  d   llvt> 

years  litter  it  WHS  taught  in  nil  t 

-ted     111    tcarllilli:    the 

UN  trades.     In  Stockholm 

;i:il  manual- 

ili  li.it  hen- 

].-.  Norkopmi;.  LinkOping, 

i  other   town-,  tin-  educational 
il   from  the  <-ut  sot. 

'Ill-    method 

of  in-.-  it.  Though 

upulsorr  subject.  th< 

.lit  of  a  posMi.le 

8.800.  which  have  introduced  tin-  teaching  <>f  the 
U  the  Nils  College,  established 

I 
(1.060  of  them  lit-ini:  ^ 

In  Norway  the  Storthing  of  1806  accepted  the 

pIOpO*in«'M  of  tin-  <iovernment,  anil  decided  to 
.  every  public  sehi.ol  in  which  -l«V'l  was 
taught  tin-  'sum  "f  HI  knuier.  The  >1<>\<1  is 
taught  in  6  public  normal  coll.-^--.  ami  also  at 
the  Fr.-dr  vd-fo  reninur>  Arbeidskolc 

iKredrickshiill      Sloyd      Association      Working 

lh.>  instruction  in  all  the  school 

-l.iyd.Hiid  the  pupils  who  have  had  at  l.-a-t 

two  hundred   hours'  instruction   ami  have  done 

luired  amount  of  work   receive  a  special 

ii  of  this  fact  in  their  diplomas.     Aceord- 

•he  new  Norwegian  school  law,  the  sloyd 

is  compulsory  for  boys  of  the  age  of  twelve 

year*,  and  Optional  f»r  yoim-er  or  older  pupils. 

itute  of  May.  ls«i6.  manual  work  was 

for  the  country  schools  of  Fin- 

land, and  optional   for  the  city  sohooN.     In  all 

teachers'  seminaries  some  manual  work  is  taught. 

In  the  public  schools  there  are  many  woman 

...  .:-•  -  ha  ,.•  !,  .en  arrani:"d 

f..r  f.  Finni"h   BusbillningssallsKap 

encourage*  this  work  by  pvinu  y.-arly  stipends 
and  distributii  md  drawings. 

Kdu  /••  in  Den- 

mark. In  the  Hiiiumn  of  IHK")  .,  Danish  Sloyd 
Union  was  formed,  which  assisted  the  estal-li-'h- 
ment  of  a  Teacher-  -  hool  in  <'..p.-n- 

ham.and  the  intr.  -duct  ion  of  this  work  into  10 
prir»t«-  hiL'h  >M-h<Hil>«.  rally  in  tic-  hi-jh 

-lovil  has  been  carried  on.     In 


..-  IndiiHtrial  Society)  established  a 
larg«  »loyd  school  for  the  children  of  the  Kom- 
raunmkolerne  (public  sch<- 

In  Cir-rmany  the  IteiitM-hcr  \'--r.-in   fiir  er/ieh- 
lisch*  KnalM*n>han<lar>NMt  ((ierman  ASS,,, 

r   Kduraiional    Mnnunl   Work   for    I 
JJJSRyKT  saeeesiiftil  in  its  propaganda  in 

movement,  especially  so 

MO  consideration  the  consenrati-m  that    has 

v,»t«|  among  Oermm  The 

pfnm«nt«  of  Prussia,  Saxony,  and  Alsace- 

ut>*  hare  jriren  both  moral  and  material 

to  the  «r*tom.    Sloyd  *-hools  have  been 

itM  in  many  citien.  and  the  German  Gov- 

prnm^nt    which  T<^rly  calls  a  congress  of  the 

-!;i,; 


In  •ootbeni  Austha-Hangary.  and  in  Bohemia, 


the  movement  haj  progres*  pidly.   The 

sl»\d  has  been  introdii* •>  >l  a-  an  >  '.<  > 

in  the  el. 'in.  •!-.      Ill  I  luilLrar\  I  In 

ffOm    1VM.  when   the   Mini-t. 
Instruction  issued  an  order  that   m-ini<! 

111    at     least    olie    of    the  follow  il 

to  all  the  boys  of  the  primary  school 
culture,  gardening,  silk  cultivation,  01 

!^M   manual    I  rainini;  wa-   made   compul- 

md    in  'the 

Normal    College    ..f    1  h    a    three 

.••>iir-e  wax  inlr»du< 

In  IJn-xia.  in  the  State  Normal    <  '• 
1'iir^r  and    in  several  oth« 

•  hat    cily.  since   iss|    ..|,,\,|    ha 
taught.      For  lack" of  mean*  the  \\. 
greased    but     slowly.      In    the     I'alli' 
muc-h    has    been    .(one    to   further  the   S 

in. 

'  The  local  governments  ,,f  M-v.-ral  ..f  th- 
tons  of  Swit/.rrland  ha\e.  durinir  the  past 
-upporti-d  pri\. 

About  four  years  ago  a  coiiimi--ion  of  1, 
tlem.  i:  i«y  the  Italian  Mini-! 

Instruction   to  study   the   manual-trainii 

leinx  ,,f   Mill-ope,  and    more    especially   I  he 

i-h  sy-tem  of  -l"\d   instruction.      Fach   n 

of   this    liody  look    a    COUrS€    at     Niiii 

then  has  personally  directed  a  0  •  .fin  rs 

at  home. 

The    French    law    of    March 
manual    training  compulsory    in   all    normal  n« 
well  as  public  elementary  schools.     At  that 
the    Fcr.le    N'ormalc    Speciale    pour    I'Kn 
nieiit  du  Travail  Manuel  (Special  Teacher 
inary   for  Manual-training    Instruction)  v 
tabllshed.     Tliough    this    in-t  met  ion    ha 

aboli-lied,  the   study   of  the  subjrct      ! 

ill  about   1<H)  s,-| 1\  of  Paris. 

The   olli eel's  of  1  he    late    Liberal  (io\  ,-rnil. 

I'.-lu'ium    had   b.-^iin   to   make  arra' 
inti-o.luci-    the    sloyd    in    normal    and     p- 
school-  when,  through  the  election  , 

•  impelled  to  «,'o  out    of  ollicc.      Th« 
if  the    prcs,.nt    Clerical    minis). 'rial    parly 
cxpr.-ssrd    Ih.-ir    virw*    in    1SS7.    at    which    time 
lh<-   Minister  of   Public  Instruction   said    i 
had  I  he  greatest  sympathy  with   the   ni"\ 
and    i 

alter.     A-    a    n-ult    . 
teach'  '  '1'ined.  all    of   which    hv>  • 

v     attended.       Two     societies     1, 

for  its  introduction  in  the  public  ach 

In  Filmland  a  v.-ry  active  propaganda  it 
of  the  adoption  of  the  Swedish    sloyil   h,, 
«ui.     Tli- 
ly   in   syrnpat  hy  with    the   ni"'. 
many  school    boards   have    made   arran^- 
for   the   introduction   <,f   the    sv-ten 
many  teachers  have  -tudie,!  at    S'iiii-. 
i  ve  been  oru'alli/e<l   by  t  h" 

in  the  matter.     The  new  school  law 
is  even  stronger  in  its  i>!  •'   the 

:*h  law. 

America!  -li'.wn  a  deep 

est  in  educational  manual  work,  and  \ari- 
f  manual  traininir   b"\''    been    inti 
in  the  sehool  courses,     hi  New  ^'ork.  ', 

and  other  •  \d  has 

been  introduced  in  private  institutions. 


M    '  AUnl.I.VA. 


ttt3.?tt4t;  of  wfcirtj  ftm/MMT  •**  for  oj-v 
rattoNIA  v     TV»  cart  *rr  «•*•/«  faaBwat  ftaam  ftlalll 

^  i.^7S  .7^71!^  \w 

nil  Braiil  have  likewbe  taken    *^fiL*r!^r*JLa  it^tJSSfmLtS!^ 

«*JaiBl  Ite4»*rfeal  C  «JLtf» 

xi»  i  •  I  I  \  A.  a  floaihagn  flftata.  AM     f.  • 


41  in  1880 


•       . 


rear :    < 

iptr. 

'     M 

I-      .... 

IUiln«ii  ««r  acaM  l«> ,» 

lonrn*.  \\.  I).  KVUIIN  .!.<  .  \\il- .,    II    |;       |y,.i       |..  .      .  , 

uniMionrr.  h.  M.  >l  . 

f  Jwtlot  4«cn      A  ^M. 

\^x-lAlr  Hjjp    f. 

Eugene  B.  Oary  ami  V.  .1.  I'  p 

«f  ka«l  MBJ.  _ 
««t.~The  balance  in  the  trawnr  Oct.    ra-ln..  ,,f  vl^m  •>  • 

^^^i^t:v;^.^r  s:;rri!"    '  ' 

an  remaining  was  t279.1M.oi.    The    an  •orottnwnl  of 


•iUn<  x«4.«u>ft»| 
•1iH   f%nm«*   Mk4   «  Uft«    I  «.*«tf»qf 

§M^Mi     Mtlildvl      A^^fl     tf^^Ptf^i  ft^k^    ^A  «^^M>    A^^^  ^ 


.-..-.:•.;          ; 

ln-iiNary.  apj.n  „  for  man?  i«ar»:  Urt  ay  tW  aw 

ui  on    The  new  intimtMi  will  a»  t*.* 

riMrfaa|<       ..- 
at  ion.  $tM."i.-         1  haritle*,— TW  naaiwof  iW 


.  an.t  MU1  ir>  .  \j._i 

<l«-l»t   ai  he  t«ial  aomWrof  ia«Je«t*  w*aW  IP 


*f^L*"vfJ*t 


1.100.70:  inn  in- 

,al         Tf  *l   of  IW 

«J 

,lhMvax.tM». 


.81.    Th*        Thr  |v»lir»tiAri         Wtv^Mt  |btli»l*«r* 

'liiik'  ^-D- 
umlrmwn.     the 


»le  pmiiertr  in  thr  Matr  amour- 

.anile  \eaaa*e«pUa|Eainat    a«ar 

:,o  lol«l,.f  j-lHatr.     TW 


.uUiire    time  ww  IjaWI.  aad  ai  tW  **4 -JiW  fww«i 

W9^  V^v    PwflBaBBiwHIHi         W  wSaW  VaMMLVaW  wB  Vwaw 

A«.         .^^^  «M.     AW       4^^     B^Bk    ffJWABft      a^ia*^^«B^*^B>^B>   ^af 

pniBWw'  •*  «»^»  i**  i 

«§•§:  iniiaialil  twta*  «f  «**»  a« 

n.— iMinn-  »•     Waa.  flXO».  aai 

mU-r  ..f  «  Mill-  pnpih  .  -.•  -llcil  in  IW     an-l  <4Wf  rnrnl***. 
•chools  was  l(tt.m.  an.)  of  coloml     f  |«VJftAU      TW 


l««    u 


that    r+*r  v»«         |»4««lrl»^    **4    t*r*4«r1^,«-4^>f%*r» 

A-  »mf^t^  tW   M^   ft*  ^••^B^B^M  VBlli  M» 

MB    vWI*      *^      ^^^p^>  ••*•«•(    •• 

-  -.--  -  -^ ^a^i  ^^H«t  ^  BA<B?  MB  ^(i^iMf 

>•  •      ^  «^^w«.»^^i  ^p^ 


I  1S04.  hut    th.«  total 

than  in 

«M  QQB1        B0T 

:turw  for  ine  jrenr  wn»    f^tlflkTOO   M  IO1    Tit 


SOUTB  CAROLINA. 


manufacture  was  very  grout    In  1804  5  com. 

• 
tami.  the  capital  stock  amoontiiig  to  $465,000. 

in  1«»  80  .'N  rvd.  with  a  ti.lal  capital 


At   thr  Iwginiiing  of  tin-  year  (Sept.  1,1894) 
the  phosphate- rain  ing   companies  ha<l   rehabili- 
tate*! their  plant-  from  the  effect-  of  the  cyclone 
_:ust,  1893,  and  •  i  -a\  mg  dc- 

vices,  so  as  to  reduce  the  COM  of  mining  to  a  min- 
imum.      The    nilinlN  :  of   rock    shipped 
>.-ar  ending  Aug.  HI.  1««,  was  17 1 

:    .    i    •  9tafc«   amounted  to 

M7JB5T.JO.     hie  uh..|e  number  of  tons  mined 
.luring  the  year  was  201.400. 

r's  report  says:  The  ..utl< 

the  business  is  pi  -  iu>  in   the   extreme.      Prices 
have  sunk  to  a  •  er  before  reached.     It 

is  impossible  to  get  in  Europe  now  even  n- 
as  60.  a  unit.    The  companies  arc  unable  to  net 
more  than  $2  a  t<  n      >.<i:h  Carolina  no  longer 
has  a  monopoly  of  this  business,  d-  p..-n- 

.    in   l-'lorida,  Tennessee,  France, 
Algiers,  and  \  •  ne/uela. 
There  was  a  lar.  s,.  during  tlie  \ 

.    •     ...     d--\     :-    :    (0    the    •  Otton    Drop,  and  at 
the  same  time  tl.  #iin  in  the 

acreage  devoted  to  the  living  crops. 

There  was  a  great  increase  in  the  tobacco 
••d  \irld  of  rice  was  850,- 
MObwlMla. 

receipts  of  cotton  at  Charleston,  up   to 

..«>:;!  at  the 
same  date  in  1894. 

Railroads.— The  roads  that  were  in  the  hands 
of  receivers  have  been  reorganized.  The  cut  in; 
mileage  in  the  State  is  owned  or  controlled  by 
the  Southern  Railway,  the  Seaboard  Air  Line. 
ami  the  Atlantic  Coast  Line.  The  freight 
charges  on  fert  med  too  heavy, 

and   the   Railroad  Commissioners  fixed  a  rate 
they  considered  just:  but  the  companies 
obtained  an   injunction.     The  South  Carolina 
and  Georgia  Railroad  has  become  a  bonded  line. 

The  IMnpennary.— The  re[K,rt   of  the 
Liquor  Commission  for  the  year  is  thus  summa- 
rized : 

The  local  dispensaries  sold  liquor  to  the  value  of 
$  I. "7  «.*«.»:•.  on  which  the  towns  and  c<> . 
a  profit  of  $104,181.28.    The  pr-tit.-  t-.  the  stnto  itnclf 
wen  $1S*,4*7.77  on  sale*  to  the  local 

•"'-f  to  1*03,055  63.    The  report  claim-  an  a.ldi- 
^•ndimi  pmflt  for  the  Hute  for  th. 

'       .    -••.-...  I.K  •  total  profit  t,, 

for  eleven  month*  of  tlf>9,039.<& 

prHhsofUtctowtuisit.i  -.   retail  nal- 

•  Mir  tin-  Stat. 

.      ...        'i  .       .    . 

-•-•••,,    vv.-nt 

««nrrstloa.July  1, 1893,  to  Dec.  31, 1895,  are  placed 


The  "dwpemiary  w«rM  continued  in  one  form 

«w  aaotker  through  ih-  >.ar.    The  i-rineipal 

•t  in  H  WM  a  decision  by  .F  ntl.n, 

1  SUtrn,  c-ircuit    ,,,iirt.  in 
pwtof  the  law  f-rl.i.MinK  penoili  to  im- 
fmm  other  Stat^  their 

*Md  th«eprovWon.  to  U.  a  viola- 
th*  tn,t«I  States  (V,n-ti«t,tion.  in  that 
M»«,l,^nm,nfltion.^-1 
•  and  againjt  all  citizens  of  South  Carolina 


other  than  the  dispensary  agents.    This  ,1, 
\sould  not  ile-tn.y  tho  law  as  a  whole,  but  «.nly 
that    part    of    it    \\hich    piv\ent>   the    ind 
from  earryin-;  li(|ii«,r  into  th,-  State  for  I, 

:  would   >et   a-ide  tin-  authority  <»n   \\hicli 
ulary    |m\.-    -  an  !..  d    pi; 
li(juor>.   and    t 

the  most  object ionaUe  Feature  oi  MI,,  law. 

Thi-n-  was  also  an  injunction  from  .ImL 

forl'ldcilllLT   tile   >e|/ure  of   liijimr  .-hipped    i: 

A-  tin-  order  wa> 

missioner  and  t  -  •  i<-  -uiiiiii< 

show  \vhy  the\   -Imiilil    not    be    at  la.  ' 
t«-m|it.      In  .lime  :i  c..n-tab|e>  \\eiv  -ml  t. 
Charleston.     (>n     the    other    hand. 

iiL'hl     bel.   ' 
Mate  nulhoritic- 

pri-onnieiit    for  selling    li<jiioi- 

ordrr  ..f  another  jud_. 

to  pav  a  line  of  Jf'J(M). 

Chief   .lu-tice   of   the    Supreme   Court.  \\  I. 

charged  him  without    touching  the  . 

nlity  of  the  law,  on  the  ground   principal 

the  contempt  pi-ocecdin-^  \\en-  unc..n-t  it  i. 

Ihe       (  on-ti1ntion;il       (  om  en  t  ion. 
^preat  event  of  t  he  year  in  the  State  un-  1 1 
ing  of  a  convent  ion   to   n-vi.-r  tln-Con-t;1 
which   opened    Sept.  10  and   ended    I 
elect  i. .n  was  called    for  niakini;  choice  ,,f  ,|,.|,w 

gates,    to    take     place    ill    August.       The    OO1 

tionalityof   the   registration   ai-t.  pa— i-d    ' 
Legislature  of   1^!'!.    had   b.-.-n  called    in 

;;id  \vji-    in    the    State    Suprein, 
decision    ha\inur    '"'en    rend«-rcd.      In    April    an 
order    \sa-    obtaincil    from    .lud-e    <i"fT. 
I'nited    States  circuit    court,  ^rantin-:  a   tem- 
porary   injunction    a^ain<t     the    supcrvi 

ration  of  Richland  County,  t..  pr.-vi-nt  him 
from  carrying  out  I  he  provision"-  of  (I 
<»f  which  \\>  Imrdcnsoni 

harassing  to  the  electors,  and  unn-a-omil' 
unnecessary,  and  the  same  so  limit.  al>rid_ 
(junlify  tin"-  privilege  of  n-^i-t  rat  i«»n  tlur 
result  in  a  practical  denial  of  the  n_-lit  ' 
to  those  electors  who.  by  the  operation  of  tin- 
unconstitutional  provision  of  thed. 

UteS    «•!  .      IJeVJ-ed     Statute, 

now  ii!  i  ":  and  in  violation  of  tie 

Const  it  ut  ion  "in  this,  that  they  add  to  t  h. 
Heat  ion-  of  electors  provided  for  in  1 1 
stitution.a  further  qualification  not  there  : 
vided.   to   wit.   registration    as    required    i 
of  the  act  of  ls«».|  :  and 

further  declared  that  they  "undertaK.    to  add  t<> 
the  qualification   .,f  the   electors   of   • 
South  Carolina  qualifications  not    pi 

:i-titution  of  the  Tinted  Slat.-."     Ii 

the  understanding  "f  the  law  was  that 

framed  for  the  |  i.'privin^  • 

te.     .lud^'e  (.-fT  al-o  i  — ii. 

vr.   the    coinmis-ioner  of   ele 
others,  enjoining  them  from  any  action  lool 
linu'of  the  elect  ion.    Thecase  was . 

.       .Illd^el, 

tion  must  be  held  with  an  open  ballot. 
was  an  effort    to  persuade  the  Governor  • 
an  extra  session  of  th-  ire  f<.r  the  pur- 

pose of  passing  a  nev.  itjon   law.  but  hr- 

refuse/Land  \—\\f<\  a  proclamation^ May  14 
which  the  following  are  extra* 


aoi-rii  •  AiiMj 

rt/.rmtiooof  wblu  wipmn»<7  in  1»74  |4*^     llMaw  vtMilillMMHlwlA^M^H^I^^ 


t*taa».< 


«  ««*«*atia*  «•)  « 

••••••-. 


llwork  a*  the  |«U»liun 

bo  nc|ff  uti-l   the g 

..!.!i.. i.;.     !       :..-.' 


M»«  ia« 

• 
•  «*  QMUI  V         ^^^^^   *^   Va^V  ^NaW  1^9   VvflHL  H|   •••  MBHalBft     «a^al      ft 

-ytg  S-fer^crate 

lr   i-art  In  kttrh      **•**• 

A|»^— ^^ _^i^_      fc  i  >  ,>,_M 
.-II  a»  Datviato         ••vm 


iMhiaiir  |«ii»%l 

MMMawl  l»  law  •4fU-UThr».  «4  *M»  S»C 
.HaiMnKiaf  tW  a^MM  W^aSaV 

iwrfto  «r  iYTirt  > 

2*»^ it"**  ^  *•  °72i;  *"* 

BIBB  MWW  law  v  avanf  avaVB  vaWKMav  • 


•M..inl.  wln<  h  nimlltxl 


mi  t 

tNion.  ami   thnt    rl- 
at  law;  tuit  I) 


from  •  tal  Uv»  «fa«  iW     rt»»ta<  «•*; 

ln'Min^   that    it    hn<l    jun-.i:   'i^n; 

:;,"::. 

U««  .•»•        ^  T«  haWMMa* «4aw>ia«alL Mhrtai 


I  hi-  nirht   of  thr  Ullot  «n-  l-ur- 

•i:iJ.l.-.  nil<l 
IM.II   tl 


vernmcnt.    Sil 
rtiM  was  mailo  prv*i>!.  nt  of  the  co«v 

««t  imi 

whirh   was  wait  'h   ^rr«tr*l 

:  hr  ciiuilifl* 

»r  mffraffr.     It  was  uodenrtood  tlwt 

.    \\x 


SOUTH    DAKOTA. 


not  one  na*  been 


MM,  and  who  ha*  Mfered  bodily  vtotoee  or 

tafordaiM*eaafiai»t  i  -     ie»oflynch- 

.  .n.iii--.  ....  ,  1'urt  hi-i   !•••  an  action  I  N 
damage*  ajratiwt  the  part 

.luriiiir 
•..N-.und 

been  '•  •  in-iu-rall  v  rv^unlcd  OH 

auch  » 

I  ironeral  *}>tem  for  the 
.,.,..•    n,  and  thif  ••  - 
nirnt  •Imll  U-  takon  l»y  nil  nmtii.  .  other 

.     .u*   their  .\:iti..n. 

,  aathortedtotaipoM  »  cnidm.:- 

.  aii.l  a  licrnncoii  .HviipatiiUf  and  l»u- 

•••  be  congratulate  I  njH.n  tin-  liberal 

manner  in  whi.-h  the  C..ii-tituti..n  has  pr-\  idi-d  f..r 

-     •    ;•.,.   smtp.      The    common 

r.Muinxl  to  be  wparur  •>.•!  \»r 

.-..I  pupilaofeiUi 
!  from  attending  tht  lohooli  tot*  apart 

All  the  net  income  to  i 

the  Mile  of  lioetHP!*  'in.'  li'l'iors 

all  tfin»  l«>  lli«-  State  whrrv  th»-  pun**? 
natnLall  «*heaU*l  pn«|».-rtv.  the  m-t  it»m-tx  or  fond! 
of  all  «*tatea  or  oopnrtnendiir*  in  tlu-  hands  <>t'  the 
•OOStftof  llu-  State  where  th«-\   li:i\i-  t"-.-ii  no  claiin- 

Mrti  for  the  MOW  within  the  kn 

th     -iirxvt  tax  fund  are  aet  apart  an  a  IHTHKHK  nt 

It    i»   tna>lc  t)ir  duty   of  your  I;  "Kljr  at 

yoor  fln*  aewion  ntV-r'tlu-  •doc^oo  of  the  Conrata- 
tion  lo  provide  auoh  |>r»|H-r  nn<l  lii-i-ral  i 

•  un-  nn  annual  IHI^I.-II  to  «-\.ry  in^Iiiri-nt  ««r 
diMhlnl  r.-i  ailor  »f  th 

-     tea  who  ore  ntiz.ns 

of  thin  State,  and  alnot<>th«-  ii,.ii_'.  nt  \\i.l..\\-  > 
toao4dier» 


By  .:  :ilni">!   -J  t.t  1.  a  jintvi-i<»n  was 

;.•«•«!  that  <li\i>rciMi  from  the  bonds  of  mat- 

rimony  should    not    »>c   allowed    in    tin-    Stair. 

After  nn  rxliaust  iv«-  dt-lmtc.  a  section  was  passed 

.ui^that  "tin-  marriage  of  a  white  | 
with  A  negro  or  mulatto  or  person  who  >hall 
.  -r..   I  ili  UNI   shall   lie  unlawful  ami 
ami   the  parties  to  such  marriage,  upon 
•!•!).  shall    IM-   punished  as  the  Gm<  ral 
AflHmiMy  may  pmeribe," 
There  w«»  a  lively  <•  :  tlx-  nam. 

to  a  new  eOCUty,  M  Ilnth-r"  and  "Saluda" 
the  names  proponed.    The  petition  <>f  tin- 
<-f  the  new  county  gave  tin-  nam> 
;  I  .nt   it  wa.H  sought  by  SOIIH-  inrniiicrs  of 
•:  t  ..  h<i  ii"  r  th«-  family  of  which  ex- 
TVinafnr  Butler  in  now  the  repres«'ntativc  i.\  -i\  - 

the  '"tinty.     Tlie  d< 
-••«•  hours,  with  i 

•idea,  aft-  r  whi»-h  the  county  was  nam«-d  Sain.  la. 
••  wan  ratified  liy  tin-  <-oti\.-nt  i..n 
r.  and  will  not  be  submitted  to  a  rott  <-t  tli. 


P*3oi 


TH  DAKOTA,  a  Western  State,  admitted 
to  the  Union  Nov.  8.  1889;  area,  77.' 

n.  according  to  the  census  of 
.  !'.  rre, 

following  were  th, 
during  the  year:  (J-.  -  rimr.  (  harl 

'•'       ii'liran;     L  --rnor. 

Mtn.  Berried  :  ,H 


\.    Wheeler  :     Kailn-ad    Connui-i.  r 
. I.. lin-  Ci.iikliii.  -M  :    Chief 

.Instil f  the  Suj.reiiie  Court.  Di^li1 

..•rk  of  the  Sii|  • 
97.  G 

At    the  l.e-inninu'  of   the  I. TIM  of  i.fliei-  ..f  the 

'i  on  hand  amount  in  . 

\\hlrh    anioiilil      the     fnrili'  \\       \\ 

Tax  lor.   failed    t,.    turn    n\er.   ami    il 
that  he  li.el  al^con.lc.l  with  t  li< 
After  M-v.-ral  inonth-  e  \..lnnla! 

turned,  and    u|imi   arraiuMiiii-nt    in    tin- 

e.-lirt .  under   elm  'ilie/./leinent    of 

funds,    pleaded    guilty,    and    \va>    s<  nl«-i. 

1i\e    year-'    imprisonment.      <  >n    ap; 

Sii|.renie   C..iirl.  the   term    \va-   redi. 

years,  on  the  Around  that   tin   < 

\\a-    nii-UM-  or  ap|iroprialion    ..I'   pulilir    lun.l-. 

Before  Taylor  \va>   cummiiicd   t"   t 

:  ,.l>er   In-  had   made  ..\.T  |,,  1 1, 
si  •_';.:,:,•.'.•_' I     in    ca-li     and     |.r..|>erty    valued    at 
$70,000. 

One  consequence  of  this  defalcation  was  • 
ajipoinimeiit.  l>y  joint  resolution  of  the  I. 
ture.  fif  a  committee  to  investigate  : 

Thoma^    11.    linth.  e\-C. >nuni- 
and   I'ul)lie   Lands.     The  ivp..rt  "f  the  < 
\-erely  criticised    the  ex-Cnnimi»i, 
Public  Land-   for  inattention   to  di, 
leet  of   the  statutory  pro\  i-ioii-.  and  for  neglH 
te  intcrc-t-  in  favor  of  hi-  «-\\n.    It  ' '"**•[ 
that   through   his  neglect   \)i<- >  .»  laf|B 

sum  of  inter.'-t  in  is'.C!.  and  t  hat.  a-  the  p 
his  failure  t»  apportion  the  money  as  req^M 
l.v  law  in    1^!M.  Taylor  n.l.l.cd  the  who 
01  $30,000,     Aoeomingly.  suit    wasl.rou; 

'KK). 
I  iiiancc-.  lion   of  1' 

:  ro\  isjon  was  made  f«ir  annual  in-t.-ad  of 
I'iennial  reports  from  the  Treasurer  and  the  At* 
<litc»r.  From  the  report  of  the  former.  coveriHf 
the  period  between  June  :',(i.  Is'.U.  and  July  1, 
ls'.t-~>.  the  followinL:  statements  are  git'' 
nn  takini:  otlje.-  i  h<-  Tr.-asun-r  found  t! 

Mthollt     flllxls    to    meet     ;i  - 

ns.    and     that     funding    warm 
amount  of  $230,000  were  due  Jan.  i 

extension    (,f    their    time   of    |.aymi-nl.    I 

Aas  secured,  and,  from  revenues  eolle^H 
$100.0<)0  of  the  warrants  wen-  paid  prior  to  Jw 
Land  provision  will  be  made  f.  .r  t  he  ivdcinpt^H 
of  the  $120.000.  Ti.im-.-t  the  immeiliat.-  n-quin 
inents  of  (he  State  for  fund-,  the  Legia^^H 
authori/ed  the  issuing  of  funding  i-r  rcveiim- 
warrants  based  upon  r.-v  -nue- 

fray  the  curn  i  •  |  -'O4,6H 

which  will  be<-ome  due  April  1.  i  $1^T 

State    IK.IP: 
of  $!>S.(KX). 

annum,  were  also  issued  and   -old   and   ' 
-  applied  to  make  goud  tl. 

fund,  occasioned  by  \\ .  \\ .  ; 


of 
<  umoMoocr 


Silsby 

Instruction.     Frank 
Labor   s- 


5T*Si:  Ttrp*M1Tt'r.  Kirk  G.  Phillips;  Auditor,        The  Treasurer  ma!  porl  in  two  part* 

liPt>U»:  Attorney-General,  c  .  . ,  ;  •,  from  July 'l.  1"!' 

oral.  Geor  -          1895,  when   W.  \V.  Taylor   wa-  Tr 

the   peri.nl   fr-  >.  to  June 

At  the  beginning  of  the  first  period  thei 


...          .   ; 

.(•  were 

btlfJMI   «a*   the  MBotlli- 

„  ,|,-fa!.-«.n..i.       I  ..      ,,.,;,.,. 

1.    I  "!•*.. 

r"llr*;:  vv11!-11  l"i"K  *H:":I"  •  -     -•  -  • 


$1186M»:    -f    pemal    r^il^i  ^^^  i .  ...T."TTTT.ry  T^ 

^rw^^!^^^  ^te^^^iTTIIJ^ 

*-.';..%v:..^.   f  .    ia§4 


fuii.l      rryUMTMftolMrMHltelMlMl  9tMbv«f 

^^JU^n^crf.  •pj.  Bl.wIS 


lotal 

*V,4M^«,  nmkj^ 

1SriSS4!P*l|t     ^amr,!   ,,Kn^ 
*of 

the 

•••t746.l6U.77:     llMW.  ilMll.  in 
u  iiwiu.-.!.  $71H.irj;i.H8;  MMiptndtd  Ul- 

r«*t  ami  imxum- fiiml" were  $:i"  ar    pun-K  . 

>  bau«d.  $308^7:1.17;  u  nrxjiendrU     ' 

-in-,  al    P. 

'•riment   ftaiion.    nt 
.SUte  School  of  Mimm.  at 

[•n»}>rint«-*  f-.r 
MMt   $60,000  annually,  ami   ti 

•i    Hi   i  ••    i  , 

Ibtml  year  of  all  now  cmU  June  80.    The 

iltuml  Coll. •»;••.  •.'"•<>:  tin-  Si«*rfl»h 
nornuil  ^-h.-.U  hu-l  iil-M, 

^•rinifflrM        T 
ami 

MOt  of  40.000nm°^  ITmihlTr  UIH^  tb«  ««^«  ft.  P. 

.  L*fWal««r.-.  n». I  n  l-tinl  ,,f  :»  trui4rr«.         hran.  «a*  r»-*»rrt«l  lo  IW  I 

s|'\|> 


nMMittdofcvbMlMMli     -In, 


rM:  The    wr*iem  Amn    TW 

-      •  - 


•'-I:    mrmlTfx  oT 

•  f  in.  :  to    ami  '• 

I'tniMMwiiioii  f..- 
I  (liinnc  tin 

1 
•tit    •."•    •  r»    awl 

tW  mll^  ««L 

vatlom.— Thr  lamUrr«i<d  by 
i  Siotti  IndtaiM.  beiiur  16H.ODO  acmi    IM.  VM  oaaWawwJ  !• 


M»  year,  $8^80^07 ;    C^oaMtvai  cw  4M  VMflMtMb  •••••  •fLP'*  F^& 

*:  M-ptelnjumi;     hy  lmlir^<  M,*t^j.     TW  fMat  Kia«  to  A 


»o  tnuthrm   raft     MMM 
WeW   in    Apr:!    c««Md   to  Mltle-     IT 


' 

- 
bttfc 


708 


SPAIN*. 


LIDOS  Salvador:  Mini-terof  the  In: 
A.     \  guih 
meroe,  and  PuMi«-  \\  •  rks,  M.  •  Minis. 

•  olonies,  Seflor  Becerra.     v 
was  afterwnnl  succeeded 

^•AorMoret resigned  het,...kt!, 
reign  Affairs.    Seflor  Maura  became 

Salvador  ; 
a?i  1    >•  :V-r    Ca|»dep.  i  M 

.1  retired  from  th,-  Mini-try 
of  the  Colonies,  being  succeeded  by  Seflor  Aku 
xu  za. 

n  has  an  area   of  197,670  square  miles. 

with  a  population  at  the  last  census  (1887)  of 

net    emigration    in    1892   was 

v  directed   to   |lra/.il.  the  Argent  inr 

•lie,  and  I 

I  iiianCPH. — The  budget  for  the  financial  year 
1894-*95  estiimr  venue   at 

pesetas,  or  francs,  of  which  -J'.M.U. :.};:',  fiesetas 
are  the  product  of  direct   laxe-  ,.n   land,  mines. 
•11. 'lit     salaries,    registration,    ,••<•.;    •>!.- 
;•;-  o  •  i  pel  tai  afi    raised  by  customs  and  in- 
ternal-revenue  taxes:  <KX)   pesetas  are 
i  from  stamps  and  (iovcrnment   monopo- 
lies; 22.124.880  pesetas  are  the  receipts  from 
il  projNTty:  and  1!).470,000  pesetas  come 
from  the  public  treasurv.     The  ex|K?nses  are  es- 
l  as  follow:  Civil  li-t.  Ji.WOOO  pesetas; 
Ix'gi!*!.!              .';..">sr, :  public  debt,  809^1 

:  judiciary, 

:l  :   pre-id.-ncy  of  the  Council  of  Minis- 

»;   Mini-try  of  |-',,reiu'ii  AlFairs.  : 

TV  of  (trace  and  .lu-tiee.  5'J,G!»< •..">-.  1  ; 

py  of   \V;1-  Ministry  of   Ma- 

f  Pul.lic  Works  and 

Instruction.  7»».!«7i».**:{ ;   Ministry  of  the 
.•    h>4,554;    Ministry  of   Finance.   1  I.- 
896^68;  expenses  of  collect  ion, 
naodo  Po,  655.000  pesetas;  total  revenue 
tlMMpMta* 

16  revenue  was  estimated  in  the 
budget  at  758,500,000  pesetas  and  expenditure 

i-ul.lie  debt  on  .Ian.  .nnted   to 

5,962,048,090  pesetas,  made  up  a.s  follows:  i>,  , 
I -M  uft  1  external  «1 

1^71.157.000  pes4-ta-  :    jM-r|M-tual  internal   del,:. 
|iaying  4  per  cent  :im«.r- 

tizable   d.-l.t.   paying   4    |«  :  .     '• 

pesetas;  due  oa  publk  works.  562,000  pesetas; 
doe  on  public  ronds.  252,000  pesetas;  m 
due  to  employees,  1.342.640  pesetas.    There  are, 
besides,  a  debt  of  3.000,000  pesetas  owe,|  to  the 
i   States  debts  in  favor  of   r..rpo rat  ions 
and  the  clergy  amounting  to  : 
Us.  a  floating  debt  •  KXJ  pesetas,  and 

tiirCuUn 

Th«  'i  •%.  rnrnent  rain<-d  money  in  Spain   for 
tha  Cuban  .  ting  Cuban 

i'  i  in  <  •  .n  arrange- 

»«»t  with  Paris  and   hutch  I. ankers  for  a  loan 
«•{••••••  tteiirity  of  75.000.000  fr. 

«  •••••IratloBt,^  i  in  1898 

125.000  internal 
• 

iiro  po^ul  cards,  47,098.000  internal 
0  foreign  newspaper*,  c-irvular*.  and 
Ma»  ajd  mooey  letters  mint  ting  170,6'.' 
Ma*     The  pn4-office  r»-  42:},882  :J01 

fnuMi  and  eipeo*.  11^5^56  francs.    ^^ 


<  ommerrr.— The  value  ,.f  the  eomm, 

A  ith  the  dilTcivnt    forei-n  com 
en.  in  |>«--cia-.  in  the  folld\\in^  tal'le: 


COL'NTRIKS, 

.UM.M, 

1  r:t!..  .' 

•JHI  :;<  K  n  

«.r..,i  UriUin     

i 

'.'".I" 

BtMn 

"«  .OMIItal  1 

:;  •  S,NM  

•.•:..»  H. 

10600,000 

Italy.  . 

|.....    .MM      II 

-ind»... 

Turkey  

Other  count  n 

8i,l' 

of  the   imports  and   their  value- \\vre: 
lTs  7!i..V17.(MH»;  cotton. 
49,420,000;  timber, » 
(XX);  co«l fish,  24,864,000:  nmehin.-r\ . 
chemical-.    1  V,:»;.IMM>  :    jr<>n,    I.  .    sh» 

:   hides  and  >kin-,    15 

•i'»0:  wool.    |:i.:i.J(;.(HK); 
K)  :   linen   yarn.   11. li.; 

:.(KK);  woolens.  10,287,000;  raw  -ilk.  MM,. 
000;  petrol,.jim,  s.:M)7,000  pes.  ,,:„-, 

of  the  principal  export- were:   \\"iiit 
lead,  :.}.'. U •„'.(><•: i;   cottona 

"I;     ,,|i\(.    ,,il.    V 

000;  boots  and  5,810,000;  .•,,,),.  -,»;;.  101.. 

000:    raisins.    L6  oranges,   i  ir>. 

'>.0(Kl:  animal-  •  :  ahnonw 

-.<)(>(>:  (juicksih  -.us',).. 

000;  skins,  8,015,000 

Navigation.— During   I-  *4B 

Spanish   stt-amers.  of  :,.:;iiU71   ton 
.•i-n  strainn-s.  of  .'..(iTl .J'.C,  toi;  Spanish 

sailing  vessels, of  171 ,095  tons;  and  I. 
-ailing  ve—el-.  of  :;n::.  |:;|  \,,\^  mtrrcd  at  Sp2 
ish  ports;  in   all    ir..r-  • 

.•JLrII   eommeree.   of    tl,  te    I. Ill-del, 

nil.  l!i*    tons.      The    i.,tal    inimlM-r    - 
the  total  tonna:;.-  11.11  I.1 
The    merchant    navy   on    .Ian.    I. 
:   -ailinir  Vessels,  of 

1 '  . :       • 

The  Army.— The  law  of   Issr,  ,,inde  n 
-erviee  obligatory  for  t\v. -i 

of  nine?,  .-n.  of  which  period  th'  >f  sen* 

Hve  army   are   legally   re«|iiin-<l. 
M\cinption  can  !•«•  bought  for  1  is,  aid 

substitution   i-  allow,  l.rothi-r-. 

annual  cotit  inir'-nt.  which   \\n^  I  •  >  i,    I!'."1 

:<  ration   of  the  la«V 
l-'.'l    to   90,000   m'en.     Th( 
1895  was  returned   as   follows:  ' 

»;.d^ 

officers  and  -1">.' 
and  i:{.i:!!i  men:  artill.-rv.  ' 

men  ; 

' 

len.  with  i 
and  mules  and  8   •  The  war  - 

16  men.  with  14/J.Vi   hones  and   mu 
590  gun x.     The  army  oil! 
the    maintenance    of    s-j.OOO    troops    in 
13.000  in  Cuba.  ll.OfKl  in   the    Philippii  • 
7,000  in  Puerto  Rico.    The  mil. 


o      (          OM  a*i« 
»t»  mid   urn,,. |  »,th 
•h  Km.,;   I  «MI, 


Ihr 

Od-claM.  an.i    I    thir.l.Iu 

:lt    in    Knu'iiiiiil  aixl 

• 
e»f  TMHeb  in  any  nary  rith 

•i  th»  completrnrw  ami 

•f     tin-     HI- 

'.«•   "Krina 

uear  the  vntranrr  •  ' 
ultar  with  -li  HI  -nnl.     Hh« 

Mil.    t 
MI  t,.n«.  n  priiunnr  anna- 


•  a*  iaHt~i  U>  fm  .  .^ 

•fekftaa*  ll»  tat*  M£ 
"   ~MmlHM  MM 
that  lt»  mittUfy  «4t  •JSLaSfl 
•poa  Ikt  dharvToDtM.**!  h44  a 


MOkrgun- 
«!-.  taboa,  OAMlUfl  of  Mran 

lol«J 
M.I  anloop 

it.-rs.     Th.-   <•       nuncnt    has 


1    milil«  at*    f    :    th«-   purpOM  of 

iil'.'l. 
.  -  -in.  I   UftoUtlM.-  A 

tou»  attack  nmk 

ii  ii.-»-|.a|»-r  ..m..s  m  the  ro  kid  10 
'aRepvbUeMiolNft 
an  in     rn-ctioo,  charp^l 
or  officer*  of  tin-  army,  wlm  H.  r.  n 

'•;i  wh.-n  tin  n-  wa«  in»  lianevr. 
ft. 


^bs±tr&t«!!?.  *-* g 


.     . . 
n, 

Cot.- 

lh»  ODMnWi  aad  •  b»  I 
rwaJl  of  a 


fr»m  U-ini;  draft. 


n  tli.-  foil. 

(if    !» VIM  1 1 


-.1    thr 
i'llt    r»iild    Ont 

' 

Up. -II    t! 
whfli  tin-  « 

ne.    On  • 


'!»«•  Gorernrornt 

•  at  ion    .-f   All   UK- 

rvetivtd  gnar»nl«»  of 

:ue*  exonerated  UM  ri«4oo»  ofll* 

m.l.il    ih:it    :!>.«  offrmlmc 
dHon  nhoulil  In-  iri.si 
rSansU  and  th,- 

i-ause,  while  preoi 


:  «m> 
(irn. 

CuU 


thrm 


710 


SWEDEN  AND  NORWAY. 


Ministerialists  did  not  rote,  and   • 

would  not  resign,  baring  accepted  office  on  t !..- 

r  .      •  -.,_•.  -.-..-•      i.  ....  „-«.  ,;.i 
•pport  them  iii  passing  the  budget   « 

1 

idol  ,.:  •  apt.  I'riniitivu  riavijo.  an 

infantrv  officer  who  ha«l   a  _-:IIM-I    him. 

A  proposal  t  •  ai-.li'h  tin-  e\p..rt  duty  <>n  wheat 

«      unlM  r  i  n  June  \M. 

,  ,      -  ,   -        •    i    .-•.  llano,    Mmist.-r  <*f  the 

.Colonies  offered  his  resignation  been  > 
Robfodo.  w  "i   an  undue  inllu.-n.  «•   in 

dome*ti<-  affair*,  attempted  to  imp.-    hi*  will 
•N.  in  colonial  •  i  inaugurate  a  ; 

•    .'      !;  :n  <     IDA, 

I  <  ..lonle*.— The  colonial  possessi- 
Spain  are  t'uba  and  Puerto  Ki<-..  in  tl.. 
Indies,  with  an  area  of  45,205  wpiar.-  miles  and 

;    ;     ,        .',         ..   .          ,.::,      -.,     Cl    III,;    111."    Philippine 

Island;! and  their  dependencies  in  tlu-Snlu  Archi- 
pelago, including:  'he  Caroline   Island-.    I 
and  the  Marianne  Man  K  having  a  total  area  of 
tiki  and  7.PJU7-J  Inhabitants; 

and  the  bland  <>f  Fernando  P...  with  its  .!.•[..  n-i- 
U.ni  and  Cori-co.  KM 


Annoboni 

Juan  in  Africa,  h  <|iiare 

Spain  claims  a 

•  -         •:.»••      -..  :    i;    •  de  <  >r««  and  the  Adrar  t«T- 
:n  northern  Afri'-a.  which  have  air  extent 
Of««,000  s.piare  mil. -and  100.0OO  p.-..ple. 

the  Philippines  for  1  *»'.»."»  -hows 
•  ..  '  L.'^l-V.^o  -i,  rlinir.  derived  from  di- 
rect and  indirect  taxation,  a  lot  t.-ry.  railroad 
and  an  expenditure  of  1^.650.026.  Tin-  imports 
in  1808  were  valued  at  $34,000.000  and  exports 
at  $80.500.000.  The  regular  force  maintained  in 
-  1U.571  men.  which  was  increased  during 
1885  by  an  expeditionary  force  and  the  enli-t- 
ment  of  guerrillas  to  90,000  men.  In  Puerto 
Rico  187  officers  and  ::.-.' >o  m,-n  form  th- 
rison ;  in  the  Philippine-.  57-J  ollic.-rs  and 
men.  Besides  the  insurrection  in  Cuba  the  Span- 
ish Government  had  to  deal  in  1H»5  with  dis- 
tnrbances  in  the  Philippine  Mand-.  In  an  en- 
counter with  M»hammelan  Malays  in  Mindanao 
on  Man-h  lo  the  Spani-h  killed  los.  including 
the  rebellious  sultan,  and  lost  17  killed  and  198 
wounded.  In  July  a  Spanish  force  wasambushed 
; •irth.-rn  part  of  Lu/on  by  the  natives  who 
suddenly  rose  in  revolt.  They  were  subdued 
later  bra  column  -  nt  from  Manilla  under  <i.-n. 
Kia,  who  captured  their  fortified  town,  killing 
116 and  losing  17  killed  and  the  same  number 
•-r  th.-re  was  fighting  on 
the  small  inland  of  Tatau  between  the  crew  of  a 
Spanish  gunboat  and  some  native  soldiers,  who 
were  overcome  and  taken  to  Manilla,  whe; 
w«T*»tri«l  by  court-martial  and  shot.  Th. 
ishOovrmm-nt  fu-edther- 

f  th«?  I'tni.  .  r  that  the  American 

missionarfe*  be  permitted  to  return  to  th< 
ttae  ItUrvl*  and  resume  their  1. 
t  ftWKDKN  AND  Nni:\\  iff  f        kingdoms 
in  nntfhrrn  Knn.pe.  unit,  d  in  with 

trB^*   °f  KW-"  i-M.  in  the 

tb*  sovereign.     The  throne   in  l»oth 

:  •  ImOgl  ni- 

:  rnadotte, 

.tot  r»n  d«^Ure  war  and  conclude  peace. 
A  naira  common  to  the  two  monarchies  are  re- 
tend  to  a  mixed  Council  of  State.  The  reign- 


ting   is  Osrar  II.  born  Jan.  21,    ISO!*,  who 
Iher,  Sept.  IK 

N\>,  .,|(.,  i.      .  ;     ,v,  r 

._-.   c..n-i>!  in^    <  f    luo    hoii-.-x.       '|'|u. 
•  ......  ml'eix  eleelrd    by  1  |H- 

licial   and    municipal   bo.li.  -  f.-r  HUM 
:   (  'liambei-  .  ..n-i-t-  of  •.':;(»  m< 
o|  \vh  ;.-d   in   ili. 

1  !."•»»  in   tin-   rural   di-trie!-.  part    by 
and  part  by  mdiivrt  *n\]  • 

vote  a  Swede  must  ..wn  land  \\.>rih  I.HIMI  kr«.n.«r 
or  farm  land  of  the  taxed  value  of  1*1.0110  i 
or    |M  •  n    aii    ineoine    of    MHI    K  i  . 

The   ministry  in   the   be-innini;  of    is'.i 
eoinposed  as  rollows:    Mmi-i. 
(.u-iaf    lt..stroin  :    Mini-ti-r  of    i 
<  'ail    Leweiihanpt  :     Mil. 


August   Ostergren  :    Mm 

I  ;     Mini-t.-r    of     I 


l-'r.-drik  :    Minist.-r  of 

.a-tical    All'air-. 

(Jilljam  :   Minisl.-r  of   \\  ar.  I'.ar-n    A 
Minister    «>f     Marine.    .larl    (  .    I-'..    <  hri-: 
CoiliK-ilors   of   Male.    P.ar« 'ii    Alb.rl     ' 
Ak.-rhielm  and  S\.-n  ll.-rinan  NVikblad. 

I  inances.  — The  revenue  is  e-iimated   in  the 

ISJM;  at  KHI 
'.'KM)    knmor   ai> 
r.-ipts.  •;;  i.oo  i    kr  >nor   are    -urj.lu- 

.".(K»o  kronor  are  pro 
the  -tale   bank    for   is'.U.  and    ; 
an-  what  are  called  extraordinary  n-c.-ip' 
the  ordinary  receij.!-.  'J.l.Vi.ooo  kronor  ai 
:  •  '.M.II.  tonnage  dues.  2.4(K».(H 

domains,  005,000  poi:  >.ooo  n,  t  , 

of   railroad-.    1. 

1,000  produee  of  forests,  and  1." 
cellancous.  of  the  extraordinary  i 
000,000  kronor  come  from  cu.sion. 
from  1,0.1-  in  -lamp-.  1  M 

from  the  tax  on  -pint-.  7.0OO.OOO  from   the  duty 

on     beet     -:.  .'MM!     fr.'IU     the    inc.   I: 

and    v  -in    \arioiis  sources.     Th- 

expenditures  are  made  to  balance  th«    r- 
--.'I    kronor  of  ordinary  c? 
n.nor  are    for   the    royal    bou> 
"••"ill   for  justice.  ()OC>. 7")i>   for   for.-i-1 
lions,  •  for  the  army.  6. 

navy.  r,..-,lKJ,406  for  the  interior, 
education  and  worship.  ::.l  IT..OIO  f. 
and  17.|::."».loo  for  financial  admini-trat. 
thi-la-t   -urn. -J..V.t::.<KM)  kronor  are  required  f( 

collect  iliur     'he    cll-toiil-    <i] 

control  of  the  el  '.""<»  for  the  po-' 

"oo  f..r  telegraphs,  l.M7.««i<'  for 

and  :>.7"»").1OO  for  ot  li> 

dinary  e\p,-n<lil  un-s   are    1  1 .  Hi  l.o;r,    kr« •:. 

which     J.ll  1.700    kronor   are    f,,r   tin-   arn 

-    M  ther  purposes:  : 

i  of  the  .lebt.  10,207,400  kr« 

for  the   in-iirance  of  workingmen  aLTam-t   disa- 
bilit  -.  0  kronor. 

The   public  del 

for  the  i-..iist rue-lion  of  railroad-,  amoui 
,    krrmor.  pa>ini:  fron 

percent,  inter.-t.     In.lanuarv.  isti.-,.  the  (i 
in«-iit  negotiateil  with  Swedish.  French.  (^ 
and  Kngli-h  bankers  for  the  convej 
4-per-<'ent.  b..n«ls.  amount 
nor,  into  a  new  loan  paying  :i±  per  « 


su;  hi.- 


MOBWAT. 


:u 


,  ... 


-•«««•..««. 

to   l«*  . 


HUOOO;  hide*  and  »k 


- 

ta*  W  «itomj  M  fafffH.  Mfll, 


rti    tbc    Klk«W    MH    II 

i 


M4  IW  I  ». 


Th<Ti*  wprc  89*  199  VMMU^  of 
-  A.ilish  |..ri%  iluriOff 

VJ.580.0UO 
;  thr  iiuinU-r     i  mil  waM3H.O44.of 

rith  t-argoec    The  number  enl*n 

nilml   uiult-r   t 

the  M,,    '  N    -  -•     -        - 


Jan.  17.     Tb*  obl»H  ol 

.  Ur^.l  in  tbr  * 

• 

J^ .KMh*iw 


Jw4towflwltoY  toMiWV 

II  ••  |~~4  to  Si  — M  ' 
to»  kf  lto>  lCr««  IW  H. ii *««••!  ctoi 


.  in 

• 


,-nini«  w«» 
8.061  ;  in  Iran- 


18M  WM  47.«l 

trrnnti. 


•dMtSLOCM' 

vnlii. 

•niU.  of  thr  T*Jur  of  4I.4HV- 


>\vi:m:x  AND  NORWAY. 


of  tin*  OileNthinp.  composed  ..f  the 
three  fourth-  "f  the  memU'rs.     'l'li.-('..u 

•  imposed  in  '  In-  U  -inmni;  of  1805  M 
follows:  Mim-terof  State.  Kinil  Sin; 
you  ft,  •     \  •     •  <  ostiod, 

Brnst)IoUf«  Idt  :  lui  In  n- 

wald  :    I'uMi'-    Work*.    iVder    Xilx-n:    Finance 
l   i-'urii  :   Def.-i. 
I 

v.      ,\ 

Lh    I 'i.    George    Francis 

Hafemp  and  Li.-ut.-Col.  Christian  SV.  K.  I1, 
,  i  .  .  / •  -. 

FlMBfCft.— The  revenue  for  I  In-  year  endin;: 

.0.  1894,  was  58,984.000  kroner,  including 

•call)    -iil.-rrii  .iln-ad 

construe!  ion.    Oftbeordii  .i.«>Jl.- 

i">o  kroner  ram  '  frmn 

taxation.    :M'?">.*00    from  tin-   imp 
spirits.  2.217.200  from  th«-  malt  tax,  (T»u.4»M)  from 
them  "ii   playing  cards,  005,600  from 

judicial   fees,  558.600  from  the  succession  tax, 
798.400  fn>m  domains  and  f..r.  -t-.  ITIMMMI  fr  ,m 
•;>«N.  boo  ;ipital,  a,'-"1 

fn»m  tho  jKist  «ifli.-,-.  l.M'.iT/Jon  fn.m  telegraphs, 
•  ilr.-a.U.  1.77S.200  from  vdnca- 
fees,  255.000  from  prisons,  049,100  fn.m 
hospitals,    and     .  fr.>m    misiM-ll.i 

souroes.    The  exiH>n<iituivs  amouiitc  . 
300  kn.ii.-r.   ioehding  080,800  kroner  for  the 
construction  of  railroads.    Of  tin-  onlina 

id^TOO kroner  went  for  the  civil  list 

and  appanages, 500,400  for  the  expenses  of  tin- 

1.287.500  for   the  c..un«-il  of   State. 

5.889^00  for  education  an<|  worship,  o.oGO.OOO 

for  jiKtice.  police.  an«l  -anitary  >er 

800  for  the  interior,  0.006.4' M  f,,r  p:il»lii-  works, 

:<K)  for  flnaii'-ial  e\-  i  the  <l.-!»t. 

;'H>  for  the  army.  :i.r,u.:,in  for  th-  navy. 

012300  for  forpi-n    r.-lati..ns  an.l  161,800  for 

accidental  ex|>eniies. 

The  debt,  which  was  contract <  1   for  produc- 

work.s  amounted  on  -Ini 

to  168.084.800  kn.ner.  paying  mostly  :5  (.r 8|  per 

.tiN-rent.      The   railromls,  active    capital, 

and  other  assets  of  the  Government  were  valued 

•o  kroner. 

Ommiinirations. -The  railroads  in  1894  had 
a  tot*l  U-nu'th  of  l.o.Vi  miles. 

The  post  office  in  1804  CM  NX)  in- 

ternal and  0.084.800  international    l.-ti.  - 
86.075.100  internal   and  4.3H4.100  international 
printed  inclosnn*:  the  receipts  wer 
ami  expenses  8,486.093  kn.n.-r. 

The  GOT.-  n  1^»J  had 

a  total  length  of  .Vi::7  mil-s  with  KUMM  miles 
«f  wirwi.  and  the  railroad  t<«le£r»phs  a  length  of 
1.015  mil.-  :»05  miles  of  wires, 

nurohrrof  ii  ls(}  WM 

4»;  of  international  dispatches,  506.184:  senr- 
»*  d.^«tch«*,  11.163:  receipts,   1,883,838  kro- 
»tr:  eippm^.  1.620^51  kroner/ 
•  •••«*».— Th«-  iiii^^r-  iiandise  in 

•alwM  at  205.900,000  kn.n-r.  and  e\- 
'•al  1:11.1111:1.000  kroner.     Th-   |.rii,.-ipal  im- 
•  and  th«r  nOnei  * 

' 

§m  14.1«»  ;  -  ,    ,,„,.    | 

k^h.r.  fij<*».000:  textile  materials,  5,000,- 
The  vatnes  of  the  chief  exports 


Animals    and    animal    pn>du 

1     mamifa 
-kins    and    leather. 

IUIIT.      Ti 

'inmcrce  was  di^i nl'iited  in   lsl.'l 
lows,  values  ltciii£  ^i\t  n  in  kroner: 


COUNTRIES. 

i,,,,..,,.. 

r.riuio  

:,::.»  '••(»"' 

MJK  

,rk  

BLlttjOOO 

T'.'IJ'MM. 

1  1!  !nT  "•iiuntrii  - 

7,'KHI 

Tout.. 

MBJ90UOM 

Na\i-a1i:m.   -There  were  enti-r.-d  in 

the  p 

:».">  tons  and'.").:: 
us;  and   then-  \\viv  ch-ai 
irian  ressels,  ..f  \.w\.t\\"  U>ns.  and  :».:: i •;  • 
us.     The  total  muni 
tered  was   11..V>1.   «.f  •J.sMJ.'.us  ,,„, 
ns,  were  with  . 
the  total   numlM-r  of    ll.f, 
that  were  cleare  1.  1".. 
ried  cargoes. 

The   im-reliant    marine  ..M  .lati.  1.  1S'.M.  nuin- 

8  :    - 
to,,s.  }Uid  sil  steamers,  of  -j:^.!:'..".  I 

Ihe  Army  and  Navy.— Mil!1 
declared  obligatory  l.y  the  law 

'    twenty-three   for  live  year-  iii  t!i> 
army.  l»ut   actual  service  with' tin-  <• 
lined  to  a  course  of  in-trm-tion.  la-tinu'  in  iln- 
first    y  ivaln    and 

artillery,  fifty  d.; 

f-.r    infantry!    mountain,   ami    fort  r. 
and  sanitary  troops,  and  ei^ht.-cn  d 
train,  followed   l.v  twelve  ilay- 
the  first  classes  (if  the  Landwehr.     T 
eavalry.  and  engineers  are  called,  nit  for  t 

four  days  of  ezeroisa  in  thi-m-xt  ti 

-ive  years,  and    the   other  tr«M.p-   f.u-  tw- 

only."     The  jn-aee  effective  of  i  : 

about    1.70H  c.llicers  and   in-tn 

men:  for  war  it  can  be  doubled  by  dr.il'i- 

th<-  Lamlwehr. 

The  naval  foree  consists  of  4   ironclad 

and   10  third-class  puiiUiats.  and    11    Iii 
and    2   M-cond-cla^s  torp'-d"    boat-.     Tin •• 

built  2  armored-tin 
minlM.at.  1  torpi-«lo  crui-er.  an-: 
Th«-  p0r«0nn«/ of  the  navy 

-•ts.  and  •4-')4  sail-.r-  and  «  ni|O 
'Ihe   (onflict    ni1h    S««'di-n.     Jusl    b.  fo 
-^•mblin^  of  tfi«-   newly  eler-t. 
MU'  transferred  Jii-  re-idene.-  to  ( 'hn- 
The  Con«Tvative  minister-  wh> 
i'nini-trative  bii-iii'—  for 
without  a  majority  placed  their  re-; 
his  hands     The    Swedi-h  Government    v, 
clinerl  to  accede  to  the  establishment  of  n 

acted  by  the  Storthing,  but  only  on  condition 


SWITCH* 


riolafioa  of  ifc.  Cv******  to 
•f^J^JJM?*  .fee* 


»cdrii  unlit   ih,>  onukl  I 
•  MMtfalf  •  inaj 

uanr  makxi.    No  * 
r.Ms  Uvinf  bam  tract, 
^try  iMMtaod  provisionally  in  oOcv. 

•lilt**  and    thr    ,*,„, 
:..tl  Mini,    f.-r    tlu-    r. 

f«WM  were    pr«iK«««l    in    the 

M-  in  iho  national  r\|«-n<litun-  •  vtainii  Us 
UecUml  to  be  MMMtiy.  Having  MM 
MM  to  an  •giwmriit  with  the  !(«,!„  «| 

i.-*tr.l     thr 

iraw  tb«ir  iMlff- 

I   uh.-n   H 
rii|..  ..f   ili,-    \J 

Minister   Thome  likewiw    rrfiimi      Th« 
I  the  reorgan  Mini*, 

vijfn  Affaira  on  a  ^ 
».  wirh 

ie  or  a  Norwegian  and  who  »hall  be  reapoo- 
•int  delogntioi  .^  atttl 

ininiotn  » 

:liii-  nft.  r  th«-  fmlun-.  in  the  be- 
tef  of  April.  »f  ||,  rr  .M ichclct . a  meoiber  of 
. 


.th    N«»r«nv.  MI,.  i   t! 
•aU   became    more  'violent  a*  the 

.tinn.Ml.     Th,  tom|irml(*  roeoof  the 
the  proMpeot  of  an  M.  ,  ,  j.t.-.t  ;.  rrrWoa 
'ii,r..\.'l   * 

tiff*. 

:il<»   ni-^"1 

1  again*!  .'  i  AIM 

U-r  KngrlHarf. 
uti    M.  l<>  f.>rrn  u  • 

ll'-rr    Kiigclliart.   h«»wptrr 
unleei  be 


•   •  II  !••«•»•        U«       J 

2HSLvffir.  '    ;; 

UOM!  HifciajL  UMrtXJai  i    «    It  ll'aki 


il,  i  '»  wl      . 

On  .1 

•  hr  al««»  f 
nn.l    o  :.--il»r  appropriHioia 


ii'litii»n*  A|»|winl«-«    thni  i* 

••lit    ,i,-«-!in.    i    t 

•  I  in  I8M  from 
•  1  tlx>  alh*w»t 

-,t   ,|..«n  fr»*w 
•i  th* 
id  oft!.  ntrndcd  thai  it 


' 

lUflM.  i 
wa». 

tral 


m  of  u*»«;rw»f  «f 


a* 

Hi»f  •!  lev  tlMftflHeJi  ef  <be 
<.  H  K*- 
K«rt»r«it  of  IwlvCfT  ft**  AMiH^Hi'     ^   t^ 


714 


888  from  inverted  capital.  fr..m  posts, 

,,'  from   ltd.-::ra|.li!i  ami   l.-U-j-; 
...ii   railltMda,  M&M  22   from   miliia- 

in   tin-   m-m-rnl  adminiMratioti. 
330,05*   fr»m    th«-    |mlitintl    department 
from  Justin-  ami   p«>  i   fn>iu  industry 

aad  agriculture,  and  *J !..">?«  from  other  ^mrcea. 
ditures  were  tW.r,;:,.M-,'  : 

..f  mliirh     I  -I     an. I 

M-.kitu-  futxi  of  tin-  .i.-i.t. 

rrml  admn.  ' '"   |"'liti«-al  de- 

pjtrin,  >rt  ho  Interior  Department, 

,-   :i||.l    |K,  '.s-JS    f,,r   ihe 

-  US7   fnr   finan 

customs,  8.101,946  for  industry  ami  agriculture. 
29.901.138  for  posts  and   railroads,  and 
for  unforeseen  expense*. 

85,203,586 
franco,  the  active  a«et»  an  i.v, 

Co*»erce.— The  spe.  ial  oommcroe  with  for- 
eign countries  in  18Mb shown  in  tin-  f 
table,  the  values  being  given  in  francs: 


v;;  ; ' 


i:  ; 


'  •  •    :  • 
OtWr  A 


AfHr. 


ii".-:'-. 

LMJBMUBM 


18.140.000 


•got*** 
nSSf* 

I-.-H.  ..... 


157.110.000 


1..V.7.H,., 


iniiNirls  «'f  ci'in   and   Imllinn.  which   aro 
imt    included  in  tin-  al«>\<>    -tat.  in. -ill.  ainouiilcii 

iin-s.      Tli« 

<-i|iul  inijM.rts  w.-n-:  Silk.  10 
Hour.  -  »;  animals. 

cl.rmical 
500,000:    cottoi 

\\IIM-.   ^U'HMMMi:    iiiai-liiin->   and    \i-lii.-l. 
::<KMMMI;   sugar,    19.2< 

S(KI.(MMI;    ,,•,,.,    u N.    Hi.HK 

mii:  iiml..  ,-.  1  ;..;«M..IMM»;  Imrlry,  mall,  and 
ll.7m.iim:  l,-atl..-r.  H.HH..O. 

8,»00,(HMI.     Tl..-  valm-snf  thr   principal. 
in     fra  Silks,    llH.su 

.k    yarn.  V 
.ml    vrhi.  . 
I;  milk,  1 9.6 
animaK    15.60 
8,700,(NNI;  Mrau  100,000.      A   IH'M 

ith  Prance,  terminal 

of  taritT>.  \vnit  into  fop-r  on    \ 

Coniinniiirat  ions.  — Swit/rrland     had 

of   railroads  on   .Ian.   1.   1*'.M.     Tl. 

oilier  in  ls«ij  rarrird   i  •    ntrrnal  a 

044,000  international  IHNTS  I.VJIM».<MM»  in 

and    !t.lll!».(KK)    inl.-rna!  imial    poMal    car.; 

'Mid  intrrnal  and  IH..M."..IMMI    intermil 
rin-nlai^    ami    Imok     |ia«-kris    and    Iran- 
3,906,000  int. •  rn a  1    |...-.tal  onl.-r-   f..r 
fram-*   and    77s, (MMI    int. -mat  imial    01 

'i    fran.-.       Thr    Mai.-    t.-lr-rapli    111 
id  a  tot;,!  Irii-th   of  4.."»l."i  mil.-,  \\illi  1'J.- 
U"»H   mil.-   of   win-.     Tin-    nninlM-r   «»f    m- 
s.-nt  was  .",.;  '    which    1 

tcrnal.  1,801,876   int.Tiial  ional. 
sit,  and  i:{:J.!»r>s  official. 


I  I  v  uthern  State,  admitted  to 

•not,  Juiir   1.   17'.M5.     The   population,  ac- 
.£  to  each  decennial  HOGG  admis- 

iras  105,602  in  1800;  26 1,727  in  1810; 
771  M.  I**,;  6*UM)4   in    1-  0  in    1840; 

1.002.717  in  1850:  1,109,801   in   IH,I>:  1.258£80 
980          . 

18001.     Capital.  Nashville. 

Q+Ti  nuMBi  i  hi  '•  .  wing  in  re  the  state 
otter*  'luring  the  year:  Governor.  IVtcr  Tur- 
ner. Democrat;  Secretary  of  state.  William  S. 
Morgan;  Treamin-r.  ft  1  ward  M.  Crai-:  C,,mp- 
tMfir.  James  A  Attorney-'' 

Vkle:  'o-ncral..Iohn  A.  Kit- 

Su|N-rintendent 
M.  Smith,  suece 

.  <ialhrr*th:  CommiSM  _-ricul- 

suiiii,-*.  .„«!  Mine-.  T.  i-\  \\  AJUson; 
»•  M  Ijihor.  F.  I*.  Out.-:  state  Oe- 
.  Salfor.J;  (•' 

.^.  1»    I.    ^ti'-ltrrajw:  Awr><  iat.   .lu-- 
•*«-ll.  John  a  Wilkes,  W.   K 
•^Bllflr,  and  W.  D.  Beard  :  CVmrt  of  ff,.,- 

NVilson,R 


linaarrv      ;         -..tiil   valuation   of  taxable 
property  in  the  Suu  in  1806  was  $816,061,613. 


The  value  of  town  lots  was  placed  at  $1 1 
41ft 

The  legislative  committee  appointed  to  • 
ine    the    trea-ury    aeccmnts    report..!     thai     t  he 
a«-tiial    floating   d.-l.t    of   the   State  I' 
was   *:  The   r.-poi-t    -aid    further:  "  \\  •• 

find  that  Comptroller  Harris  did.  on  > 
call  in  the  entire  amount  of  oiit-tandin- 
6s,   aggregating  $1.011,900,   which    can 
furth-  on   this  ainmtnt    to  cea- 

.Inly  1.  1H!M.  therel.y  rcMiltitiL'  ii 
to  \  he  S'ate.  the  Comptroller  est  imat  in::  t : 
^1.01  l.JMMI  could    easily  l»e  paid    out    of   t! 

ceeds  of  the  -.-,1.-  ,,f  the  $1,000,000  redemption 

and   the   remainder  could   readily 
deemed  out  <.f  the  -urpliis  in  the  treji 
has  been   don,.     The  balance  in  th. 

M  |1,041 

Ihe  I  nifernity.— The  total   numl.er  • 
dent-   this  The  medieal  •. 

ment  niimhere.l  ]^i\  nt  the  -(.rint:  ten 
graduated  ".!i.  of  whom  IT,  were  -indent-  , 
ti-try.  The  un: 

at   the   At  la:  ,'  io||    for  the  l»e- 

exhil»it   r»f   university  work.     It    now  ofT«  • 

tuition  to  all  students  of  p: 

ter  who  pass  the  rei{uire(i  examinations. 


illjj  berli  in*.:  -iitfaii..i.      .  /      « 

L  after  a  thon>ucli  i 


the  Mir 

Bllil     III 


•ml  not 
r  .UK  11.     IIM  eviuence  *owed  aorru, 

•«m  a  la 
ill. 

«h<.  |.r.-|..i 
-      ri>liiiiu%>i»lifp<    w.rt 

^^•k  the  ilutic*  rw|uir..l  ..f  ih<  n 


.':  •    • 


aav  *•>  •»?   ' 

ii>  t..  Imx.  Urn  in  the  let-    ttterf  «Uer  MM!I  bv.aav  1^  «Iy 

»  main  pria-    .TJ'Ji' 

ak  *tmt*mm*tS  ftUTj* 


^ere  anrong  the 

• .  • .  ». ••  - 

U  for                 l.uildinn  were  tiimed    r*m 
H-r.     Th-  OOel    i,  nol  t .-:  r- 

t        l*A«vl       a%flh«i      av 

<  re  are  about  1.000  Stair 


k.  I'"1 

,  I     "HMI  ..'     i    t'.iHi 


•  -  invalids 
>  thf  |»rdun  wae  the 

LJ.M-1 

1  I  KpoaltltB,  -Altboufhthe    ; 


****** 

Setamtteliea  ka4  W»a »a4a> 


u  .i 

tir  |iUnl*  »  ^^1  !•  I^IMW«I^  4MMH  w*  *ni 

fn«.l»ir        ,       ZX?  ££***. 


a  plumb' 
an  randid«i<*  f*  • 

dial  thi«  r«Mill 


v Wtt0    i  * 


I 

;.  II 


Wantanra  Trrr. — Tin-  «-tn-  humlml  »n«l  flfth 


'16 


tionod  was  passed,  ami  Mr 

tfJSt  tlgrt***1    I  lie   act    a-    IH-III;;    unconstitutional 

and  void.    Soon  after  the  n-turns  u 

betook  the  oath 

the  |*-ft.v  at   ti  '>   the 

>!   it.    o|Vli   :.,;-  and   alnml    l.".i» 
.  vn i nt:  that,  as  I  he   re- 

turns  «-h"«'-d   Ins  el.-  .:    and 

duty  to  take  the  oath.      II  TII   to 

in-  1.  it  was  olTered   to  th. 
of  State  to  be  placed  on  tile,  but  he  refused  to 

r-    •    .-      ' 

vote  was  opened  in  joint  convention,  and 

•    :  M      ,  an  i    Kvans  were  mad.' 

.run    ,,f    the    various    counties.     Mr. 

made    under    | 
against  the  manner  of  proccedim;.     Moth  c»n- 


•     ;    •      tin-  r.  turns    from  :»  coun- 

ties: Turney  objected   to  29   in  addition,  and 

those  of  2'J  were  not   ob- 

!  i.    11  -.-rats  chared    frauds    in 

1  ies  mainly,  th.-  K  -puMirans  in 

the  middle  ami  western.      Tin-  former  alleged 

that   in  tin-  :.»!»  counties  •„>'.'  -  were  cast 

•in-lit  of  p..  II  taxes  of  which  -.»•,».- 

i  \\  aiis  ami  li.D.V.i 

for  Turn.  -y.  It  was  estimated  that  *J4  percent. 
should  bededooted  for  the  votes  of  citizens  who 
were  over  age  or  otherwise  legally  exeinj.t  from 
the  payment  of  jn-ll  ta\.--.  \\hjrli  would  leave 
Bran*  credited  with  iT.-jns  Hnd  Turney  with 
5389  illegal  votes  on  the  face  of  th<  returns. 
The  total  illegal  Tote  on  the  fa-.-  of  the  returns 
on  account  of  violation*  of  the  poll-tax  law  was 
.'.">97.  U  was  also  charged  that 
ts  had  been  allow.-  1  t»  vote  in  Anderson 
County:  that  votes  had  been  Openly  booght  in 
Campbell  County  :  that  in  (  'o<-k>-  <  '.unity  no  legal 
returns  whatever  \v.  <hat  in  (Jreene 

C.-unty  the  !K>X  was  illegally  OJH-H,-  1  h.-fure  the 
-mi;  the  |«,l|x;  ,;,„!  ,,ther  irregulari- 
ties were  named. 

The  answer  iin.l  «-..unter  :  that 

88^96  votes  cast  for  Turn.  \  a:i  I  ::  !.;:••;  ,.:tM  f-.r 
Evans  were  affected  by  ill  rod  frau-K 

Then  was  an  answer  to  this  ,l,H-ument.  making 

«»|>«vi!i 

The  hill  that  had  been  passed  provided  f.,r 

the  •piNMMtttirnt  ,,f  a  committiH-  «»f  ."i  S.-nat..^ 

»nd  7  Representative-  :  ...f  ,-,,nc(-rninur 

allalHre'l  fraiidt*  and  viohiti-.n-  of  ,•],•,•!  j,,n  law- 

in  any  part  ..f  t|,,.  >tati-.  and  t.,  report  within 

Uy*  to  the  join'  M.  w  hidi  -hould 

-y  the  rase  up-.n  the  report  ami  pnn.f  s,,!,- 

mit< 

Fire  of  the  12  appoint.  -d    to  the  r-ommittei- 
Itrptihlicans.    The  <-..inmitt,  .   |,.-anl 
in  reference  to  i  for  adm 

*r+.  etc..  and  pleading  in  regard  to  th- 

I   r     •  re*tigation.      It 
that  the  rulini:- 

1  in   fuller  hv*»ti  Cation   of   the  eastern 

JH«  than  of  the  middle  and  western,  some 

Mist  baring  been  thr  Ml..-  MM. 

it^.-  «•*»  dirided  into  4  snU-omniit- 

•f  which  a  part  of  th-  <-ounti« 
'*%•*«  was  assigned:   ami  th«--«.  -nh- 
»  went  thprHiirh  the  Si  ininff 

u*""g  testimony.  The  I/egiHat  ure 
of  iihout  forty-five  da\«  during 
ami  reoonrened  Apr:;  j.  Thi 


I  a 


majority    i  ...1    l.y    tin-    7    l>.-n, 

im-mlnT-  of  tin-  <-ommi!tec  was  Milimitteil  April 
•J7.  antl  »ho\\c<|  a  pluralilN  :--r  Turm-y. 

The  coiumil le,-  had   ea>l   <'.ul    ',' 
•f  which   : 

an*.      Hi-  plurality  wa^  at    tir-t   n-p.-ried. 
hut  err.-r-   fouml    in   tall\  sherts  had  red' 

The   mn 

that     the    committee    exceeded     ll  -    aillh<'i 
deciding  some  <  '  i  hat    it  did 

not  find  accordini:  to  the  law  and  th- 
that  it  rul<-d  in  o|ip<- 
est  recjnircd.     Atx'MMi.-nt-  wer« 

at  ure  in  joint  convention,  and  t  he  i 
ity  rep,,rt  wa>  adopt, -d  liy  a  v..|r  of  7<> 

i ••  iin    votini:.   <-: 

,i-   th>-   rea-on    that,  while   hi-  c.p|i-!i 
1   him   to  Mjpport   the  mnjont 
could  not  conscientiously  <lo  so,  Indu'vin; 
the  invi'-i  iurai  i"ii    liad    not    I n    lull  and   thor- 
ough.    <?ov.  Turin-y  was  declared  clectc.. 

:iani;urati-i|   .M., 

l.i 'U  i-l.it  i\c  Session.— The    l.eirislatnr- 
\ein-d  .Ian.  7.  and    adjourned  Ma\    1  I.      A  recess 
of  alt.. ut    forty-live  .;  ,,en.  in  01 . 

allow  the  i:  :i'of  alle-ed  election  Irands 

t"  I--  made.      It    reconvened    April    2 
another    recess  of  ten    days— Anril 
the  purpose  of  givini:  time  for  the  •  l.cii..n  and 
other  committees  t,,  finish  their  work. 

was   called    l»y   the   (io\  eriior. 
ninu'  May  :»l.  and  adjourned  .lime  II. 
Ernest  Pill-.w  was  .-ho-en  Speaker  of  tl 
I  .lohn  A.  Tipt-.n    Speaker  of  the  I 
The    Democrats    |,.td   'J(l    S.-nat.-rs    and   I5n 

f     the     lower     ho||-e  ;      the      Ueplll'Iie 

Senators  and  32  in  the  lower  hou--:  the   I'Mpu- 
i.ectively.     Isham  (i.  Ilarri-  was 

le-eleeted    Tinted   St.T  !'.        Tile     K 

Mean    candidate    was     K.    .1.    Saiiford.  and  A.    L 
Minis  was  v..ted  for  l»y  the  Populists. 

•urt  of  Chanci  r  r.  a!i-d    f<-r 

the  purpose  of  assisting  the  Supreme  Court  to 
finish  the  cases  on  hand   am!  to  try  all  tie 
on  the  docket   at   each  term   hereafter.     ! 
con-i-t  of :{ judges. 

In  order  to  restrict   corom-r-*  imjin-sts  to  cases 
where    they    are    actually    needed,    an     a 

passed  requiring  certain  evidence  in  writing  DM 

ich  imjuest  can  !•<•  held  estalilisl 
jirohaoility  that  death  resulted  from  vjo|, •• 
foul  in 

rintendents  ,,f  v,.|io(.is  jn  coin 
000  and  over  were  forbidden  tear-hii, 
contracts  f,,r  school  work,  and  passed 

to  provide  for  the  better  qualification  of  county 
sutK-rintemi 

The  LTame  laws  were  amended:  it  wa- 
unlawful  for  an\  p.-r-on  to  ship  from  ' 
Count  v  any  quail  at  ai 

mr.r   to  hunt    any  quail  or  pa: 
in  (IraiiiL'eror  Hambl«-n  County  from  April  1  to 

,de     to     protect     deer 

tain  co unties.  Hml   to  pn-1- 

County.     Laws  were  also  made   for  tin 

protection  of  fish. 

The  so-called  no-fence  law  was  mad"  t'. 
.  Kno\.  Shelby,  f  iilison.  and  M; 
Counties,  and  it  was  provided  that  other  coun- 
ties may  adopt  the  law  by  a  majority  vot 


•17 
Ittra  farmra  of  UM  ttMMt  •!        \  timmbuiim  OOP  MmiMili i 

mliU.  an.  I  rMti.Ma  iw  | 

<W  TlMMM*:  * ^!-"  *^y 

».«!. 


'        -      ' 

fej^!H:gg£| 

uMt i.*  MM!  !.««  i      4ofln  «fr»«»»a»nti| 

"       •'    *   i-       -      ' 


In  ib*>  rail  far  tto  cstn  Tr    i  i^  t  _ 

I  an  f  :     .     •     .<  f    ?    »•     .        4.  .    •  . 

v  •  '  j  •,'...  . 

Mk«»«kA         Aflh«l        i^h^t 

leuon  orcr  cvr      n  '  • 


MnUuxl.  .1.  iu,,,,it..,,.  n.r  .      ...      v   -,  .      ,      .       ,---,-., 

^liSqirpSrV  hrtu^dd 


^.uau.^MtfirfbnMyMMlNi    R.prt*iw: 
l»U«nphb  to  fawtt^nOvmoaCbottfe        TV 


••^^^^  a§»  I^M  ^^^^^^^^L. 
ti«n  and  .u,^rt  of  bM-     «»**  >«  l^«*  «TJ^^  ••  **•?*«•»  «*» 


mninir.ornmrkincolco. 
,,n  batter,  .n-t  u> 


U«       It  r- 


•      - 
00  **  *  IWIinT5Irk>  T<0"     ^ 


«4   t»  all 

' 

>•! 

•teflfl^MHl'l 


^Cooftdermto   anny.  and  •H^H^Ua«     ,. 

mvprtain*  fl :.«>*•  for  thr  m^ntmanr*  oftk*     t' 
pkiMtoioldWrx   li   :;.•-• 

MOIUT 

nacl  Utfialalio*  tKat          AlllflfVllWl  tMf  «*  lW 
..{todcoiMI*^^-     TtdiaW  IbT  IW  INaiUXtory.    ^4k  Mla1kr« 

,,:.  ,.^«^U. 
1        —  -•.^-  -. >--^ 

ire  of  railway*  )>? 


>.._  ,  _t     -  -^^  -^  (m^      VVVHWHW  m*m  •• 

I       I  W^l  t  .        AA«>^«A  tfM^U    ^H^    B»  ^a^M^^M    • 

•iHM>ot  oanaw  tav     ••  i^^*^     4%*  ^Mawww  v^Maw 

l^VT^OlllW •••     *«w»«^^    ^ 

all  UWfnaVMaV  Vf  1MB  OBaV  •  aValP* 


718 


sary  U>  lease  A  J>nrt   at    K-a>t   trmporan;; 
utmost  Cf 


bill  as  passed  calls  for  the  building  of 
prison,  to  co*t  not  more  than  $850,000100  the 
.,1  farm.    It  oalU  for  820  cells  in  the  main 

:it    the 
;»;  propria: 
•< -ka<le>   there  iiiul 
.ties.       It  provides  f..r  :t  i 

Coil'  •  "    convrii- 

....  .     M,   iij  liis.   Ma)  -J::.  ami  dele- 

gates were  pr.-M.nt  from  every  Southern 
mention  was  addressed  by  ti. 

,,f  ii..  .  ami  adopted  a  plat- 

fortn  fa\     !'.!!,'  ni.'!l"MJ.-!:» 

•nvi-ntioii  was  held  in  the  sain 
June   IJ-  M.  in  the   interest  of  silver- coinage. 
,-e  niimlHT  of  those  who   -poke    favored 
placid-  "ii   above   party  alle- 

giance, and  there  was  some  prospect  of  a  boll  <>n 
that  account;  but  the  resoluti«>n>  omitted  all 
refer*  iy  lines,  advocating  free  coin- 

age and  attnbcttfng  the  hard  times  to  r 

A  wheat  convention  was  held  at  Nashville, 
Sept  10-11, attended  l.y  ai.out  »>o  wheat  grow- 
ers and  millers,  from  all  parts  of  the  St.. 

I  he  National  Park.— The  dedication  ..f  the 
Chattanooga  and  Chiokamaiiga  National  Park, 

1S-20,  was  a't.-mled  by  a  vast  crow  ! 
mated  at  40,000.  am  «:iur  them  great  numbers  of 
veterans  of  l*>th  armies     <>f  the  in-.juare  miles 
constituting  the  area  of  the  park,  over  •">.«•  "> 

1,000  acre?  open 


i  forest   and  al»»ut 

farms.  A  central  driveway,  passing  through 
and  overlooking  all  the  heavy  lighting  ground, 
has  been  built  30  miles  long,  torty-two  miles 
of  the  roads  of  the  battles  have  been  reopened 
•] proved  in  the  most  sultstantial  and  en- 
•  manner,  and  new  roads  have  been  closed 
up.  Many  of  t  tie  minor  roads  have  also  been  cut 
out  and  graded,  so  that  there  are  now  about  GO 
miles  of  driveways  in  the  park. all  of  them  a  Ion- 
the  roads  of  the  war.  The  removal  of  under- 
brush and  the  clearing  out  of  the  new  growth 
of  timber  has  opened  the  f  it  carriages 

can  drive  through  it  in  all  dii  >d  the, 

appearance  now  i-  like  that  of  an  immense  area 
of  forest  pasture  in  the  blue-grass  region. 

The  Chickamanga  portion  of  the  park  is  con- 
nected with  the  Chattanooga  end  <>f  it  by  na- 
tional driveways.    Within  the  park  the  Govern- 
ment has  set  up  400  historical  tablets,  and  will 
•ci  up  1.600  more,  each  3  by  4  feet,  coiiH<nn_r  of 
cast-iron  plates,  glazed  black,  fastened  t.,  in,,, 
.    • ':.  to  M  tablet!  in  em- 
bossed white  letters  are  set   forth  briefly  and 
Impartially  tne  historic  details  .,f  the  sijc  bat- 
Chickamauga,  Missionary  .ko.it 

"unum     Mr.!(lr!     Knol,     WauhaM.ie,    and 
rry.    They  also  mark  the  positions 
•  Nous,  arid   l»ri- 
*  National  and  <  1  the 

r  «*«rh  organization  are  stat< 
ui  c«-n«urf  and  without  praise.    Th" 
it  h*«  «i«o  erected  9  han<l*ome granite 
«.  an  different,  one  for  corn  of  the 
r  rfgiiUr  army  troojw  engaged 
t  h»*  »1^o  built,  on  the  spots 
>*  pyramidal  monument  of  novel 
each  10  fwt  high,  constructed  of  s 


National 

ami    :  -.  kilie«l  in  act  ; 

In  ad'litioii.  1  h  n< nt    h.t-   luiili 

•      feel    hiu'h.  '.'  "ii   Mi-- 
.  and  M  on  Chi«  kamau.u'a  liel.l.      l-'ii, 
1    the    im-st    nii|"M  l.iii!    li-hiii 

K  h  of  the  :;."i  Nationa 
i'-raic  liatteries 

the   liatlle-,    |,y    1<H>   Inoiillt  ••>  I    caillloli 

ami   tt|  ii    used.      l'..-ides   t),, 

them-elve.s    the    ball.  M    are    .|. 

on  tablets.     The  lines  of  earthworks  us4-<l 
•  •..Mtemling  armies    |,;,Ve   |,,.,.|i    found    al 

are  i  red 

The  ,ve    M-I    up    171    moiiuniei 

memory  of  the  act  ion  of  I  heir  i 

shiloh.      \,  xl    in   iiiien-i    to  the  il.-d. 
of  the   National    I'ark.  \\as   the   reunion 

00   !he   field  of  Shiloh  on  the  t  lurt  \  -I  lurd 
anni  :lie  battle.  April  6. 

I  l.\  \s.        -  .iilhern   Slate,  admitted    to  the 

Union 

Population,  according  to  each  di-«-ennial 
since    admi-io!  . 

I-;N:   sis.T.V.j  in    IS70;    1,591,740  in    isso 
•    .pital.  Austin. 

Uofernment— The  following  wen 
ofTn-ers  durim;  the   \ 
Cillberson.      Democrat    ;      Lieiiteiiali: 
iry    of    St. 

Mavlield:    Treasurer.    \\  .    I',.'   Wort  ham:    - 
troller,  K'.  W.  l-'inley;  Superintendent  of  1'uldie 
hist  met  io]..  .  ( 'arlisle;  ( 'ommissj. 

(ii-m-ral  Land  Olliee,  A.  .1. 
of  Airricuiture.  In-uranre.  5 
ry.A.J.Rose;  Adjutant  General,  W.  II.  Mal.ry; 
Attorney-General,  Martin  .M.  Crane;  rhi- 
tice  of  the  Supreme  Court.  Keuhen   I;    (i 
Associate Ju slices.  [j(-roy  (i.  Denmanand'l 
.1.  Hrown  :  Clerk.  Ch 

Finances.— The   report    of   the    Comptroller 
for  the  year  endin-  A u::.  :il.   18!) 

:  am. .imt  of  war- 
rants issued.  *•-.>.::•_»!•. ii  i.:,(;:  retrem-i 

penses  of  the  rariotU  departi-ient-  at  the  , 
$78,203.50;    poll  tax  asses-ed. 

'/i.  tax  assessed. 

•.'"»;  total  acres  of  1..- 
15,147;    valuation    of    lands    *4! '.'.:: ' 
valuation  of  town  lots.  $18J1815,WH;  \a! 
of  live  stock,  $75,418,674  :  valuation  of  rail  i 
;  and  assessed  value  of  all  other 
erty,  $115,948,646;   total  t*x  assessed,  x: 

:   and    m-t    reduction   of  assessed 
from  the  total  of  the  pp. 
The  expenses  of  tin-  S 

'"i  per  annum,  and   the  extraordim, 
crease  in  the  ta  >icncies  in 

revenue,   estimated    at    $1.800.000.     The 
debt    au'L'i-egated  $8.!''  \\hi.-h  th- 

maneiit   ^-hool    fund    held   liond-  an 

r.iM):   the   fniversity  fund.  *:.- 
Agricultural  and  .Mechanical  < 
the  state  Lunatic  Asylum,  $111,700:  th> 
Asvlum.^l  1  l.."i(><»:  th  humJi  . \-vlum. 

$61.0(1":  and  the  Orphan  A-yh.- 
ing  $750,400  in  the  hand-  of 'individn 
LeflaUtive  Sesnion.— T)i«-  Lc-islatm 

Jar  liii-nni 

-.va-   inauirurated  on  the  follow- 
ing day.     Tlie  nn-»ap-  of  the  n-tirin. 


•ml  AH 

I  ooMidetwi.    Among 


I...U.  .    I-    .  I, 


n».    ami 


. 


^•ino-i  I"  M 

n  .it  i KII.    -  Tin 

^^Hion  increMe  in 


i-  vnriou-  inMiiu-     ami 

•  mli-    *44,09.  «aJue 


,f      hlc'll 


WM  Mil   i»  UM   MVtal  »•»  M«lb  *,..» 

'  -<"sSlrfalrtS35BMi 


U        U 

nee  comj.mil."  .    t. ,   . 

1    |iriN-r«lurr  ;   nn>t   a 

n«  i  ^ 
fttMpt   of   18M    ekvafu 

•4-    B  imAek  tml^'lMIJII:  eod  oof.  I 

i  the  y»-«r  of  W.1W.  ,  M,,  ^r,6:;  t.  f  ,   ,.    .ft  .V     :. 

n  nuil  itiuldle  ctmnli.  v  In 
mlrnt  of  Put.!:.  hi»tmotiott 
<>n  api^-nl.  ill n\  ing  the  righl 

I 'nxi  ethocil  fun. I 
•  teacher*  of 


ctow  and  8.5 

•  J  iii 
iii\«  r>iti«»*  ninl 


. 
It.nkln;       •  n  CJH.  II.  M*  I*M 

.!,..,>.!  U.k>  to  c^rTBik*  MM!  « 
on.    TW 


ti  all  (IriwrtnwittA,  nn«l  »..4^  IWHMi 
rmriw.    Ti 

•mo  of  $7"     •  Stair 

ral  mill  Mivhnni 

•  urtora,  893  utinlmK  til  arrr* 
'i.  farm  latuld  valu^l  al  $^4,160, 
uipmontK  valiio«l  at  $.V'!.r.Hi.  rr 

08,780.   ami    I'ttwinlii-.m •«    $l"7.>".     inofv  01  •• 
!H..|.  at   lYamr  Vir«.     «  JMM  m 
lilar   in-.tni.ti.. n   i*    .-;•-•    to  colorvd 

^^^^^^^iLttDQ  V90SlBvB  ttBQ  ^Xp^tortli  uf*^* 

it  iVaf  at 
iVnf   I>un 

ith.  U.!h    .       \  !,*.!   lilto- 

965  inmalee,  gronml^ 
. 


790 


TBXA& 


TUB 


of  1891  from  that  of   1890.  the   production  has 
shown  a  steady  increase  since  18t»,  when  it  ua- 
:.,:.,-,  •         ,  .      .       >  .;  .  117.     During  ix.» 
then  was  a  production  «»f  30.259  1< 
brown  hematite  n  -n  ore,  valued  at  $1I.~>7I.  and 

oil.    I.H-ally 

called  petrol,  un.  but    known  t,.  differ  f: 
found  In  sinking  wells   f.  •  -m  An- 

tonio, and  valuable  as  a  lubricant,  had  an  out- 
put of  W  Urn-Is*.     A  rich  find   of  cinnai 
fl^MMM^i  in  the  momr  n   the    I'.i- 

Bond  <>f  the  Rio  Grande,  about  KNI  miles  from 
Marfa  riation  on  the  .Southern 
and  wascxplore.l  in  Au-u  I'-of.  W.  P. 

Blake  contribute. 1  a  technical  report   on  r 
gion  to  the  "  Trans  i  :'  the   An 

Institute  of   M 
tiOM   of     the    year    "  i        Utonc.    *•;. 

limestone,  $41,526;  salt.   1  value 

£lol.iMNi ;  9,000  I,  value   if'J  • 

rl    tons,  all   calcined    into 
plaster,  valued   at   $87,800.     Tne    varion 
products  w.  i  .n  or  pressed  brick,  $895,- 

b59;  fan.->  and  ornamental  brick,  $16,»M5> :  tire 

:«;«>:    v, trilled   pavin-  brick,  $1,000; 
drain  -»:  sewer  pi  pc,  $2.000  :  miscella- 

neotift.  $16.(KM;:   total  value.    *:  State 

humble,    report  in ur   in  lx 

thegrnmie  interests,  said  that  during  1S'.M  there, 
had  been  shipp*  .  n-  of  «t,-ne  from  the 

Granite  mountain.  N  miles  south  of  Hurnet, 
for  the  jetties  at  (ialveston,  and  that  lar-«- 
quantities  were  bain« onarriad  for  similar  use 
•me  Pass  and  Ualcasieu.  Large  ship- 
menu  were  also  U-ing  made  for  use  in  the  con- 
struction of  public  buildings  within  and  with- 
out the  State.  The  new  courthouse  at 
Worth  in  iM-ing  built  with  red  granite  from  a 
quarry  near  Kingsland. 

PII_' ili-m.  h  n  sequence  of  the  announce- 
ment that  a  pri/e  fight  would  take  place  in  Dal- 
las County  iti  <>  .  Culberson  is- 
proclamation.  Julv  ',';  _•  pri/e  lights  to 
be  unlawful  in  T  :n<;  the  duties  of  the 
peace  officers,  and  warning  all  parties  interested 
in  the  proposed  contest  He  also  called  a  spe- 
cial session  of  the  Let  'onOct.l, 
and  pam  a  bill  making  prize  fighting  a  felony. 
Such  a  bill  was  adopted  Oct.  2,  by  a  vote  of  1 07 
T«M  to  5  nay*  (15  absent  or  not  voting  in  the 
House,  and  by  27  yeas  to  1  nay  in  1 1 

"Confresa.— A  State  Farmer-'  Con- 
Id  at  Fort  \\ 


•th.  Keb.  1!»  ai 

i^iH'd  ati  the   fanners  of    the 

Slat*-  to  reduce  the  cut  ton  acreage  .v 

•-•    undertake    a    diver«ificati 
MI  their  attention    to    mi-ing   an(i 
••ling  cattle  ami  sheep,  and,  as  far  as  poh- 
MfB;  and   to  encourage  the  establishment  of 
•mprin  of  efwry  de«cri|»t 

<  -tt.in  (oBTentloB.— A   convent 
ton  irmwrm  wan  held  at  Waco,  March  28  m 
vMar  a  resolution  .i  t),e  necewitv  f<.r 

the  atro^t  emnomr  in  pla 

s  marfcrl.  on  arcount  ol  ea.  a  <  »>m- 

-     i    t.,,-,,|,f,.r«ith    th. 

•r»  and  the  n  f  th«- 

laml  r*ilr.^l«  with  a  rfcw  to  securing  more 

faroraU*  ratm  for  transportation.  Th  .-,,i,vcn- 
•  •r^"1"*1  •"  addrws,  similar  in  t- 

that  of  the  Fanner*'  Congress. 


Irrigation.—  The  second  annual  convention 
of  tin  1,,-ld  in 

\eral  interesting 
. 

adopt,  .i.i/.ation   o 

iaSOCiatkMM  in   each   «-oiinl\.  and    r- 
1  1  1  -  t  i  • 

nd    it"    t"p«  graphical    HIM 
OTI  r    th»-e    I  .art"    of  ;,d    NilllllWi 

in   which    th.  rill    I..-    th. 

v  aji|>lical»le  t"  irrigation. 

II  I!  K  I  \  ,  an  «-ni|«ire  in  eastern  F.nrope.  The 
Sultan  i-  an  ab->olute  ruler  umler  the  pi 
K  ran.  and  by  nio^t  Sunn! 
hamine.lan-  lie  i-  n  \  •  n-ncVd  a->  the  Kl, 
I-lam.  The  throne  i-  hnvditiiry  in  the  h- 
OMiian,  the  eld  -I  male  born'in  the  n 
harem  succeeding  ulieii  ;i  .  The 

reigning  Sultan  is  Abdul  II.  t.«,in'>. 

Io  the    t  hrolie  <i||    Allur.   '-'>\.    Is  i'i.    \\  hell 

i"tlnr.    Mnrad    \'.     \\;i"    deposed    on    the 
groiiml  of  insanity.     The   Sultan'-  Cabii. 
composed  in  the  beginning  ol    i^'.i.'i  as  follows: 


Grand  Vizier,  Djevad   Pasha,  appointed  ii 

tcmb.  icikh-ul-Maiii.  .Mehin.,1   I  < 

Kddin    KtTcndi  :   Mini-id 
Minister    of    the    Interior.    Ilalil    Hilat     i 
Minister  of  Fon-i.i:n  AlTair-.  Sai.l  1'a-lm: 
ter  of  l-'i  nance.  Na/.if   I  'a  -ha  ;   Mini-ter  of  Marine, 
Hassan    I'a-ha:   Minister  of    J'nltlic  In-trud  ion, 
Xuhdi  I'a-lia  :  Mini-ter  of  Justice  and  Worship, 
-ha:   (iran.l  .Master  of  Artillery, 
Xckki  I'a-ha:  h.tendaiit  of  Kvkafs.  (ialib  : 
Minister  of  Commerce  and  Public  \N"orlv».  TevJik 
:   without  portfolio,  hjevdet    Pa-ha. 

The  Army.  —  Military    ^ 
the  term  of  service  in  the  permanent  arm. 
three  years  for  the  infantry  and   foi. 
the   other   arm-,  but    every    conscript   when  he 
has  served  live  months  can  purdia-- 
for  the  rest  of  the   period.     Con-cri; 
to  the  depot  reserves  must  serve  from  >ix  to  nine 
months.     After  passing  through  the  act  ivi 
men  may  be  called   upon  to  do  military  (i 
two   or    tin  n    the   r/ifiinf. 

ei^ht   years  in  the   /  .  iiidwehr,  .; 

years  "in  the  ///IM//I/I//  .  «.r  Landsturm. 
army  is  di-tributed  in  7  orthm.  or  niilit.-i- 
CUmscriptiona,  b.->iilex  separate  divi-j. 
Arabia.  Tripoli,  and  Crete.  There  ha\ 
-.'s-J  battalions  of  infantry.  \ 
fn.in  '^."iO  t<.  -V>0  men.  armed  with  .M 

•  and  !•••')  millimel  res'  caliber,  lit  t  «,  i 
magazines  holding  5  cartridges  :  p.i."»  -«|i. 

ilar  cavalry,  each  numbering  from 
M>    Ii 

irre-ular-.   each  numbering  600    men:  and    !<!!» 
•    Held  artillery,   each  of  <i  pj, 

iefl  of  moiinterl  artillery,  ami  -Hi  m- 

let,     The  act  ua!  iiu'th  of  1  1,. 

nt  180,000:  the 

I  he    N;i\y.—  After  having  sold  the  strongest 
vessels  to  other  (tovernments  in  the  stress  of 
financial  ditliculties.  the  ntton 
has  bejrun  to  replace  them,  but   has  no  n 
armor-clad  yet  in  a  state  of  comple- 

most    powerful    i-    the    ••Me^-.udy.  - 
8.900  tons  displacement,  with  12  im-he-  ..f  armor 
ami    a    battery  of    1'J    l*-ton  guns.     |-',,Ur   old 
iroric!.-:  ns  di-placement.  are  being 

fitted  with  2  11-im-h   Krupp  guns  mounted  in 


rers.    The»Ha< 

1  on  thr  M.I.-  Miih  i»  fa  '.. 

.  armor 
i  dam  old  m>m-U.in  :  t  d»- 

men  ooMtrveUd.  MM!  S 

' 

...?:: 


tba  Kurd*. 


^TJSSK  vsrs*  •*•*+** ; 

ft  ft  flftftftafftl   K^aSaW         I  ttsla^a%>  M^M^fl^    4**^  a*^*«-4 

r  r      •-.'..' 

•,.'.. 


•  I 


r<K2dWr2TiiS"?.%c 

. 

S£±s£ri±£siE5 


wted  to  act  a* 

-tan,  in  August  and 
the  Joint  commission  bs- 


aii.l  thf  joini  , 
a  Mtuh  in 


KM!  aft.  r  examination  of     JtRfSiSS 

tans  who  occupy  i  h<- 
^•fcn  are  accustomed  to  pay  bra 

»l.o  in  mwn 

>U»ct  them  atfar  -.  maraud- 

r  some  year*  the  villages  of  the  lulrorig 
had  refused  to  \^ 
lias,  on  the  ground  that  tm-y  could  n..t  • 

rds  exacted  of  them. 

^•rs  were  at   work  among  the  peasants, 

irregulars  to  Keep  gtian i 
•»  refractory  villager.    At  the  eml  of 
Wk  Dagbmatian,  one  of  tlu>  n •voluiinnary  airi- 
llors.  was  caught  ami  .^-nt   t..  Ct>n»tantinopla. 
lay-  aftrrwanl  tin-  Artm-nians  attacked 
[•ids  encamped  in  the  neighborhood,  ami  < : 
lam  off.    The  Turkish  governor  then  placed  a 
r,U  m  .hrdlstUlUddis- 
lict.    The  Ktmb  and  the  Armenians  had  been 
»  Iwl  eight  yen 

bin?  tillages,   kid- 
lpuik'  wom.-n.  ami   daMOTatilM    •    lOIMI 

unrt.-r.-.l  on  the  Armenians  of  Dalvorig 

I*,  ami  in  retaliation  tl<- 
Iwd  caravan-  of  « h.-mt  ami    plun- 
1)0  flocks  of  Kurds.    They  wrre  read?  to 
irht  t!  A  some  breechloadrni 

»at  n  .  .trr  party 

:  wia,  had  madaont  of  their  old  Hint'- 
eks.  itiotiary  funds  were  provided 

linn  inerfhantM  of  Rusaia  and  lVr» 
lUanandUr.  Hain|tartAnin  lV«gian. 
bo  was  afterward   arrr*U<d  and  sentenc* 
rath 

urn-l  KtT*  ti'li.  are  supposed  to  have  come  from 

u*ia  :..iiaryiij.n*in»fth«Ub»T 

:  to  Man  in  18M  simultanaoaatjr  in  ZaV 

un.  ami  .  iflsian  and    I'er*«an 

^•«.     T  .MIH  wrrv 

.  Mu-h  and  atlemat 
leoarrison  and  uriae  thrir  arms  ami 
be  leaden  counted  on  th. 

:•••«!»  powers  rather  than 

ponth  mans  to  cope  with 

v     l»r.   HampartsttBi  said  at 

Mlvorig  to  leacb  th* 

-ell  their  dangmn  in 

i  up  for  ' 

.  xxxv. — 46  A 


imlrtiMi  bad  *5m9*  m  MM^  «4  u. 
oidsr  CMM  baca  to  M«**  Us.  H&TZ  S 

•  - 

La\f%     !«•     a^sn^^Mfta*!     •  aV^     «il^«      ^A^_ 

' 

lisa  Kardteb  in^aUn   •  i  Zlj 

2STUC 


fytiyitf^fcr  igff.  Nl  bad  I 

v*|^u  C^*?*^ |W  •*****•* 4 

the  K.rdWi  dfaa^  wmA  to" 

1.  -i  in  the  wort  of  laiiip     TW 


Alldak*  *Wf*  fWT  *** 

•  ... 


«ld  tht»  .Ma  <*.  4f«4»  a44  !«• 


lafc  of  Ttrtinia,    TWy  Mss»  «>asy  n^s  at  AS> 

Wm^r^p  (  100    A    ^MB0  «w     ^•••a^i^BP    IB  A  W^  ^^HB  A 


TURKBY. 


and  11  who  remained  in  confinement  were  set 
free  later,  but  11  notable*  had  died  in  i.rison. 
The  foreign  commissioners  were  now  able  to 
discover  and  ii  '•"'  Turkish  n-inmi- 

aion  Armenian  witnesses  who  could  throw  light 
on  the  Sasun  horror*.  Sentences  of  death  that 
bad  been  panted  by  a  court-martial  at  Kr/in- 
irhuin  U|wn  liana  and  sentences  «>f  im- 

prisonment fur  hf«-  <>r  l->ng  terms  passes  I  upon 
Iff  others  were  continued  in  .lanuary  l>y  the 
Obnit  of  Cassation  in  Constantinople. 

ID     National     Assembly    fleeted 

Monslgnor   l/mirlian.  an   outspoken  champion 

H-niitn  librrtif*.  to  »H»    tin'    Patriarch   at 

Constantinople,  tir-t    refused  to 

n  him  u  ii  taw  he  would  engage  to  conform 

DdMt   to  the  wishes  of  U  Mnent. 

He  ileadilv  refused,  and  in  tin  end  WAS  accepted 
without  pledge*,  and  was  enthroned  on  Jan.  0, 
1806.  In  his  address  he  said  that  fidelity  to  the 
Government  should  be  based  upon  tin-  con  vie- 
lion  that  the  Armenians  would  enjoy  al>solut<> 
security  for  their  honor,  their  lives. "and  their 
property.  All  the  Armenian  hishoits  were  in 
prison  or  exile.  The  Archbishop  of  Marash  had 
been  sentenced  for  harboring  rebels;  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Zeitun  was  convi.  i«l  on  charges  of 

i tip  a  monastery,  delivering  prisoners  from 
jail,  and  presiding  over  a  revolutionary  commit- 
tee; the  Hi-hop  of  Mush  was  accused  of  inciting 
the  Armenian  population  to  sedition;  and  the 
HishojHof  Hadjin.  Kemakh,Bulanck,and  Adana 
and  toe  Abbots  of  Fernuz  and  Surp-Arakelotz 
were  restrained  of  their  liberty  on  similar 
.  •, ,-_-.  i,  '!''..•  B;sh,.p  ,.f  taabgir,  npoted  to  be 
an  active  revolutionary  worker,  was  first  removed 
to  Diarbekir.  and  when  he  again  incited  the 
people  he  was  exiled  to  Jerusalem.  The  new 
patriarch  reprimanded  the  Bishop  of  Adrian- 
ople  for  signing,  at  the  solicitation  of  the  Otto- 
man authorities,  an  address  to  the  Sultan  repro- 
bating the  disloyalty  of  the  Armenians  of  Asia. 
Reside*  the  prelates,  55  priests  and  deacons  and 
many  other  leading  members  of  the  community 
were  undergoing  imprisonment  or  exile.  Pram 
the  beginning  of  1895  the  arrests  in  <  '••TIM ant  i- 
nople  and  in  Asia  became  more  frequent.  It 
was  estimated  that  nearly  3.000  Armenians  were 
political  prisoners  in  the  various  provinces. 
The  investigation  of  the  Sasun  affair  and  the 

B  of  European  coercion   to  secure   the 


of  Article  LXI  of  the  Berlin  Treaty 
the  Ottoman  authorities  to  relax  the. 
of  some  of  their  repressive  measures, 
though  the  increased  activity  of  the  Armenian 
agitators  compelled  the  police  to  be  more  vigi- 
lant than  ever.  The  Huntchagists  seized  the 
opportunity  to  promote  their  revolutionary 
•gfcaiBU  by  unscrupulous  methods.  Some  of 
warn  were  supposed  to  have  laid  a  plot  to  mur- 
wrpr.  K<!  ward  Kiggs  and  two  ..  rican 

•Marias  at  Marsovan  who  had  devoted  their 
a  to  toe  education  of  Annenian  youth,  mere- 
ly in  order  to  fasten  the  blame  upon  the  Turks 
Jjd  provoke  the  intervention  of  the   I 

•ovprnmeiit    The  revolutionists  are  re- 
»  hav«  committed  inhuman  outrages, 
"Wctoring  the  flesh  of  men  and  « 
and  tonttin*  gunpowder  in  the  wound,  that  the 
™**»  Jurk*  .»frjl   shock   the  Christian 
world  by  the  atrocity  of  their  retaliation. 


mmissjon    appointed    I'V    tin-    Sultan    to 
consider  a  scheme  for  administrative  ivforius  ju 
Armenia  liegan  its  sitting  <-n  April  •_':',.  in  C«,n- 
slantinttple.  under   the   presidency   of    Ti. 
Pasha.  i-   of   Crete.     A    pro 

inenian   reforms  drawn    up   by  the  .. 

1    Britain,  and   liussia,  M.-I 
:    to   the   Sultan   mi    May    1  1.      i 
ommended    that    the   names  of  valjs   t,>    I,,-   ;,,,. 
pointed  should  lie  siilunitted  f««r  the  appr^ 

the  powers:  that  the  boundaries  of  th*  \ 

and  their  snoilivi<i..ns  !„•  altere.l   sn  as  \,, 
the  administrative  districts  as   ho?n 
population  us  possible;  that  a  gcndarnn 
recruite<l   from  the  Mohainmedan  and  Ch 
population  alike;    criminal   con 
prison  inspection   introduced:  the  col|e< -t 
taxes  intrusted  to  local  <»ni<-ials.  and  a  Rhi 
tained   for  l<K-al  administration;  that  tin 
ing  of  tithes  and  the  rnrrf-c  lie  abolished  :  aiul 
that  the  Kurdish  Elamadieh  cavalry  should  no| 

uniforms  or  carry  arms  except    wi,. 
en-ising  or  serving  wi'ih   the  regu! 
troops.     The    reforms    were    to    be 
under   the    direction    of   a    high    commi 
appointi-d  with  the  approval  of  the  ; 
un-ler  the  supervision  of  a  permanent  Commit- 
tee of  Control  sitting  at  tin?  Sublime  1' 
consist    ,,f    ;{    Mohammcilans   and  \\   Chr; 
(>ne  third  of  the  administrative,  judicial.  ; 
and    other   offices    should    bo   Christian-. 
Christian  mittes^urifs,  kaimakams,  and  mudirs 
should   be    pla-ed    over  the  sat. 
communal   circles  in   which  the   Chri-ti;r 
most  numerous,  and  should   have   .Mohanr 
assistants,  while  in  vilayets,  sanjak-. 
nahies  in  which  the  governor  or  mutest 
kaimakam  or  mayor  is  a  Mussulman  h. 
have  a  Christian  assistant.    As  a  prelim  ii 
the  reforms, the  Sultan  was  exp< 
all  Armenians  convicted  of  purely  jKiliti- 
fenses,  restore  exiles  to  their  lioincs  ami 
erty,  and  indemnifv  the  victims  of  Sasun. 

l*he  Porte  replied  to  the  memorandum 
ambassadors  on  June  3,  objecting  to  t): 
posed  interference  of  the  powers  in  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  high  commissioner  and  to  the  minute 
and  specific  form  of  the  reforms  dem 
many  of  which  were  pronounced  impraci 
<>n  June  16,  after  a  new  Cabinet  had  !>••. 
pointed,  a  fresh  reply  was  given  in  which  the 
<>tt<»rnan  Government  accepted  the  refer 
principle,  but  requested  a  discussion  of  il 
tails,  and  denied  that  the  Berlin  Tr> 
upon  the  powers  the  right  to  demand  the 
es  formulated  in  the  scheme. 

Hjcvad   Pasha,  the  Grand   Vi/ier.  wa- 
missed  on  June  8,  and  Said   I 
Vi/ier,  was  appointed  in  his  stead.     Turkhan 
Pasha  became   Minister  of  Foreign   A  Hairs  in 
Said's  place;  the  other  minist. 
committee  of  ministers,  composed  of  Turkhan 
Pasha,  Ilalil    Hi  fat    Pasha.   Ki/  /uhdi 

Pasha,  and  Tevfik  Pasha,  was  appointed  i 
vise  a  scheme  of  Armenian  reforms  in   < 
tion   with  the  project  of  the  powers     Shakir 
Pa^ha  was  appointed  to  superintend  tin 
cation   of  the  reforms  that  should    fin;.: 
adopted.     On  Aug.  1  the  Porte  mad< 
reply  to  the  powers,  proposing  to  appoint 
tian  assessors  to  assist  the  valis,  to  inspe' 


T  tit  KEY 


•  .uaalUf*  t 
offered,  a*  further  Mweeavkwa 

the  gendarmerie,  to  establish  a 

w  thn  imtihrt  to  be  •beted  » 
'  elder*,  ami.  *  rt.it,,,  ,.], 

»<>t  Kofnr  eOOOgB  10  SBtl- 

-  In-  h  now  lirtfan  to  threat-  (an 
ion.  I'm  thr   Kuwian  (iovernmectt 

reme  measure*.    The  -mwr  •  • 

.1  St.  Petersburg  eaaaofthe 

"«"  ntt't  -at    Unfair,.  , 

»illan'«  . 
lies  made  to  this 


aoflietv    wkiW  la^i 

*"*  gfy  ff  «y  fcfax  jaaltianajg  SL  ta^f  laa> 


•  •  —  ••   w   •till  protect     the 
nit  toTurUv     I>,n(s«l: 
he  flrnt  demand  for  a 
e application  of 

power*  ahoo  Id  be  MB 


•  1  to  HppOII  t  hit  fQppleiM 

demaixi.  nn<i    I  ntnri-    v-.-k    the  amme  ri« 
Ruwia.     A  Hriti-.li  -Mjim.lt 
Salonirrt,  wn>  in.-M.l   QO   ^.  p|    >  • 

ihinlanellen.     The  at 

•lit      riii-i'illHptl      thr 

leaperato  designs  had  been  shown  In 

-  aMarination  an.l 

i.     i  J«rnl.-.l.  the  hea<f  of  the  Prota*- 

v  in  Mamoran.  wa»  n 
!.    an.l    in.-    Ain.ri.-all    miMionarir- 

•»  American  miation  srhool  at 

^^•B  wa«  attn.-k.'.l   rnrlr   in   August  by  a  mob 

•*»uhnans  who  nialtreated  soma  of  the 

^^Bts   ami    threateneil  fr«aor«.    In 

Constantinople  several  Armenian*  suspected  of 

••  spies  were  munleml  at  « lifter  sit 

HUMS.    A  INIIIU  of  Armenian  hripuids  robbed  a 

re«l  Armenian  villa^rpt  in  the  Mush  4is- 
Purki«h   gendar- 
merie.    In  eautero  Ar  ^cially  in  BHIis, 

Kn.'rum.  and   nN.ut    I.-ik--    \  .-i-      • 

••  Armenian*  |»rrj«ared  for 
«n»iTedemnnKtration.  «n<i  whrn  the  palrt- 
vasaiiked  by  the  I*.>rte  to  f.-rl-i-l  it.  he  de- 

•  intnr. 

<iOOaAiembled  at   thr  .•thedrml 

t.:tO.  an<),  f  thr  warning  of  I h« 

ratrirtrt-h.  who  t,,|.l  th.-m  thnt 

I  .'tnpt.-.l   \n  man-h  in 

•'  broke  up  thr   procession  and 
many.  .     gatherr*)    at    another    point. 

Senret  Be'r.  at  thr  h«-ad  of  a  body  of  gfB> 
darmea,  commanded  them  to  di«prn*  and 


22tZ"£Ktf 

B7BJBB1     •»"  •    f     *"  '  '    ;     * 

were  a  U«Bf4ia«  avslv.  U  Tt« 
began  to  ^  k  ta»  •ajof>  «f  tW 
when  thr  lalUr  rMeited  a  apa« 


•• 

tol»,    ^-^—  ^    MA*   II    ^B^    fe^BH^   Att 
••P   WMV  w*   ••i^r  •»•  vi^ 


1TKKKY. 


and  in  the  towns  the  complete  spoliation  of  the 
Armenians  for  their  object,    A  revolut 
nuly  that  sprang  up  among  the  Turks 
to  the  anarchy  and  terror.     Threats  were  ut- 
tered against  the  Sultan   and   against    Hassan 
*ter  of  Marine,  who  was  the   chief 
representative  <»f  the   old   Turkish  party.      IM 
the  provinces  where  the  Arm.  most 

numerous,  and  where  they  were  provided  with 
arms  smuggled  in  from  Persia  and  Kussia.  they 
did  something  to  provoke  the  attacks.  At  least 
.  urks  accused  them  of  killing  a  Mos- 
lem priest  at  Kntinghian.  of  assaulting  wor- 
shiper* in  the  mosques  of  Hit! is.  and  of  bo- 
ginning  the  disturbance  at  Baiburt  by  liring 
u|-n  the  Mussulman*.  At  Marash  and  /.-ituii 
alsu  they  were  said  to  have  attempted  a  revolu- 


ness  of  tin*   metropolis  was  thrown  into  confu- 
MOII.  ami  dishonored  note-  and  drafts  ac< •uinu- 

h   numbers  at  the  end  ol 
that  on  Nov.  2  the  1'orte.  in  order  to  pr- 
financial    crash,    proclaimed    a    moratorium   f,,r 
four  month-.     T->  precipitate  a  pani*1  Ann 
/.«•<!  a  run  on   the  Imperial  <  >; 
lnit    that  Lank   and  >ome  oilier  stn 
-niutioiis  refused  to  take  ad  van  tagu  of  t: 
ratorium. 

A  commission  wiisappointed  for  t! 
of    the    reforms    in    Armenia,    of    \vliidi 
MlTeiidi    was   made    pp-M'dent.     The 
reiie\\eil   tlieir    demand    for    the    n 
order  throughout  the  empire.     After  the 
/•Hid   ma^sjiere  t  he  r- 
now  the  meinlier*  of    the  Kedil  \\ere  MIIII 


TRF.B1ZOXO,   BCEXK  OF  AN  ARMENIAN  MASSACRE. 


Uon.    Thevworr  arouwl  of  attack  in  -the  palace 
Vali.  ami  were  certainly  profmred  to  flght 

where   riots  OCeUired  on  (  let. 
"'«»  Armenians   lost    thoir   live*.     There 


of  the  plundering  and   shooting  was  done 
br  mutinous  Turki-h    v.ldiers.   though   Shakir 


lUouf  Pasha,  the  Vali,  and 
rjeridid  all  that   th«-y  .-..nM  to  prc^rs.    order. 
Tbea«Uioritie,(,f  Dwrln-kir  re,»orted  th.v 
had  almo<  succeeded  in  suppressing  the  diMurh- 
and  driring  out  the  Kurds  who  began  t).o 
when   the   Armenians  assumed    the 
throwing  bombs  and   flrin^  at  mue/- 
rfcowete  calling  the  Mohammedan-,  to  prav- 

ItSBrtK*^111!*1         '  inlllc 

Wfttbry  kiiM  1^00  Mussulmans. 

rmfnian  revolutionists  in  Constantino- 
the  merchanteand  -.h-.i-k. 

to  clone  their  places  of  \l^i- 
•urmpt.d  any  dealings  was 
to  nur  *  heavy  fine  into  the 
fund.    All  the  commercial  busi- 


In    the    remote    districts   the    m;- 
continued,  and   in  some    place-   ' 
ronites   were   attacked  a<    well    as    Am.- 
The  excitement  extended  intoall  part-, 
tolia    and    into    Syria    and    Mesopotamia. 
l»elief  gained  ground  among  Moslems  that  the. 
Sultan  had  sanctioned  the  extermination  of  the 
Armenian-,  when    Kiamil    I'a-ha.  who  h:e: 
apjH.irited  (Jrand  Vi/icr  in  deference  totli 
ers.  was  summarily  dismissed  on    \ 
sent  away  to  Aleppo,  and  Halil   liifa  I'a-' 
appointeil    to  -ncceed  him.     Tevfik   I'a-ha  was 
made  Minister  of  Foreign  AlTair-:  Said  • 
President  of  the  Council;   Abdurrahman  I' 
Minister  of  Justice;  Memduh  I'a-ha.  Mini- 
the  Interior;  Gareid  Pasha,  Mini  r-hip: 

Xuhdi    I'a-ha.    Mini-terof   Fdncatj.,;  ^ 

hjeial  K«ldin  Baba,  Minister  of  Comm<-t 
Work-:    Sabri   Bey.   Mini-ter  of    Financ. 
Aarifl    Pasha,  a   minister  without    a    portfolio. 
This  was  regarded  as  a  react ionnrv   Cal«inet. 
formed  to  please  the  part  of  the  Mohamn 


TL'ltkt 

ra/Jo*  hSit^W  amMUul^aiiM     iV' tVVof . _. 
. ,  r  |--~»~ 

m«-i.i     MutcMfertf .  «ko  il.^  firm  ttf  Hi  f** 
ifc*  atta*  a.,  la-  TWH» 
|«lace,  who    pUml   upon  hi*    rk4  ai  *Ur»»h  .1 

f 
r»f« 


i  «,|..i,  la.    Htlflllltff*  - 


f  >.  and  Um    b^o  «brtfm4  MM!  •  H^«*>  •*  «^  •**» 

.  Mmktof  UM  IMH  In    «Ut^  kUW.  .kik  STST  U^  i^  . 


»4di_ 

lie  deposition  of  thr 

Hi  It         MM  I   lli  •  iMtMiirtinir 

.ut  not'rvA'i 
mi*.     Faithful  MohammedAii.  wanted  a    popoUlkm.  kfl 

•rdance  with  the  religion,    children,    la  iW 
lurkevirom    tutr.    TW  antbu 

and  tliiniu  ml  -. 

nut  nn  c«|tmllv  -tn»ng  element  «j. 
Moalems  AIM!  CnriitifjM  f     j<»in 

Sultan  an- 1 
nil  adminbtratoni  an«l  »•! 

ml?*  thiVAtciiiiiff  the  depo- 
-in  were  poete<i  in  th.   ,  apital. 

n     Mi 
Ike  rtreeu  and  hoiMe*  an  *    nia 

K     ''       '''    "     "    '   "  "'     '  :     '      '  loiWlNel 


rt  impeded  ArmeniaM  to  thr    ,.r-. <.,•:•.  t..  th*  gPvenM^toiav  9> 
ti'.l     i«tnarvh.  And  lo  lW  fDTHfK  ••*«• 
.-  Mohammedana.  Softa*  AM!    Urn  and  oiW  <  VMlaftK  to***  lav 


MooammedaiM, 
•"  were  arrested    ami   «*-nt   < 

*  lie  costomarr  ipeech  At  (J uihlhall  < 
r  of  Foreign  Affair 

it  th«-n«i  !-•«• 

-..•  Sultan  thai     ing  di 
f  r 'luaenrion-  >n  an    hut*. 

d—m     of     i..r>.^.i.t     B^l  ramOMDl          \ 


,ion«froi»-  th-Kunbof  tKr 

:-rvmier.aay.  wWu- 

**L?^ 

vet  to  tee  that  erenr  HMMUtJl  ' 

AtionTand 

tirtiiawr*^  b-^ 

'•-f  (\^1 
.r  IliMar.        TW  p 

«  A  Uttalh.1,  -f  regular  tn-.|-  «••  Mir-  rf^Tj"'^ ' , ] "^       ^JtljTSTtTV  a 


IH-. n  the  defentaieaf  ArroemaB    twrf •  »•»  • 
thr  n-u-i  .riant  wWi    bjr  tW*r 

.1  /  V  H    (>MV    kilLvl       ln^KtM 

luett   iiirv.     *  »n    «%«>».  o  ineT  BUK^I     t»^ 

.•3a±  iSSrrte-^ara 

filth   anil  S'lrrt      '  ^  *•"**' 

aonn  at  i;iirun     ^ 

•i^htf^ak  ^a^^^h   tflft  ^^%V  A  ^••H^^l  WW' 

r  of  tin-  Armenian  nun  r*^ 

rt»  killed,  Alto  10  Ike 

H* 


UNITARIANS. 


l.ut    linallr  granted  on   Dec.  10.     During  tin- 

,  •  . .  .  n  *tj  oomptt  ated  i-\  the  Might 

.-ha,  who,  accept 

again,  took   refuge  nt   the 

British  rmhaiwy.  and  would   not   obey  the  Mm- 
moot  of  the  Sultan,  as  though  he  feared 
.-r  imprisonment.      I-'-T  ti\.-  da\-  he  per>i-' 
Usdelrnniuation  to  leave  tin-  .-..num.  I- 
parsoaded  on  Deo.  9  to  return  t<>  in 

insurances  of  his  safety  from  the 
Snl: 

The  Armenian  in-urgent-  ,,f  /eitun  i-lm 

an.l  burned  the  villages  of  llcchau,  Gukasdurtet, 

Itlui.l-  ir.    K.  run.    I>.-nuTrl.    Sarikcu- 

ehurk.rhukur  Ilissar.and  Kelmn.  and  the  town 

lerine.     They  killed  2IW  Mohammedans. 

:  a  forve  of  Armenian-,  commanded 

;  i— mn  Armenian,  captured  flu-  fort  held 

/.-it mi.  u-mg  dynamite  in 

the  attack  with  great  ><•  Turkish  mili- 

tary authorities  ordered  30,000  troops  to  ad  vane, 
uj-.n  /.«Mtun  from  the  nearest  posts.  Amne-ty 
and  protection  were  offered  to  the  rebels  if  they 
would  surrender  their  arms  and  their  1< 
Tin-  fieople  of  Zeituii.  who  are  tin-  mo-t  warlike 
of  the  Armenians,  l-ri-mi'l-  l>y  |»rofessi«.n.  had 

alwajrs  maintain«-<l  tln-ir  Indepenaeooe  until  the 
Tnrki-h  fort  wa<  Imilt   in  tables  were 

-•jit  fn-in  Ali-|»|H.  to  jH>rsua<le  the  relwN  to  -ur- 
reoder.  The  Turks  threatcne<l  to  bomlmrd  and 
destroy  the  town.  On  Dec.  24  the  l». -i.-^inu' 
forces  advanced,  and.  when  the  insurgents  had 
with  defiance  a  final  summons  to  sur- 
.  attacked  the  place,  but  were  worsted  and 
compelled  to  retr.-at.  The  combatants,  how- 
•.  sabseqoently  evacuated  the  town  after  t  h< 
and  children  had  escaped  to  the  moun- 


that 


tain*.    Thev  removed  their  pins  to  a  higher 
«{ominate<l  the  Turkish  |H>sition  and 


pmte<-t-.i  the  villages  of  tin-  valley.  The  am».a- 
sadors  intervened  to  save  th-  Xcitunlis  from  the 
destruction  that  was  threat.  IP  1  whi-n  the  Turks 


t  heir  resistance.    By  arrangement  with 
the  I'  ;  «-an  consular  officers  were  sent 

•«•  terau  of  capitulation, 
a|(  of  the  llniM'H.-o,,  !»,,-.  1  a  TurkMi 
force  of  1,900  men  encountered  a  body  of  Druses 
of  llejdel-eeo-Shams  who  wi-n-  carryiu.'  <>u  war 


llejdel-ejeo-Shams 

with  the  Circassians  settled  in  their  vicinity  and 
with  a  neighboring  Arab  tribe.    Th-  A  r., 


•la-  Dru-es  i  nto  an  ambuscade  scl  fiTthem 
l.y  the  rireavians.  and  they  were  already  I'-uii;. 

wnen  the  Turidah  troops  am  ved  and  put  them 

to  Might.     The   <  t    Itiiriu-d   •.'<»   of  thrir 

villages,    killing    wonn-n    and    children.      Tlu> 
1  killed.     Their   brother,   of  the 
ii    -et   out    to  pi    in  their   aid.   In; 
stop|H-d    l.y    Turki-h    troop-    that    were   - 
force  into  the  di-trict  to  put  a  -top  to  th. 
inff,  and   al-«   to  «  ompel   the   Druse-   to 
military  -erviee  and  to  pay  the  taxes  th.r 
in  an- 

encounter  ,,,  which  ihrTurki-! 

ind    infantry  swept    away   the    l>n, 
hundreds. 

OiMiM-e  at  .li.ldali.  «»„  May  :\n  Will 
liichanl-.  l»riti-h  con-ul  :  Alulur  Kax./.al 
i-h  \ice-coii-nl  and  ci.n-ul  for  Sweden  aii 
way;  ('.  lirandt.  K'n  il  :  and  I 

vilie.  Krenrh  consular  -ecntar\ .  \\.-re  at! 
outside  of  .liddah.  tin'  j.ort  of  Mt-eca,  l>\  H 
ouins.  who  killed  the  I'.riti-h  ,1  and 

dangeroii-ly  wounded    the  other-.     The  ., 
sidors  demanded  an  indemnity  and  the   j 
ment    of    tin-  guilty    parties,   and    t1 
Kreneh.and  UiK-ian  government-  -i-nt  wai 
to   .liddah.     The    Sin-reef    of     M..MM    and    the 
Vali  of  the  Iledjax  held  an   imjuiry.     Th- 
ouins  were  angered  liy  tin-  (juarantine  m- 
ailopted  f..r  the  .Mecca  pilgrimage, especially  the 
fencing  and  guarding  of  the  well-  i 
pilgrims.     They  destroyed    the  cholera   h 
at  .liddah  and  expressed   general  -ati-fai  ' 
the  mnrderous  attack  <»n  the  cou-ular  rej 
atives.     The    amhassailors    demamled    that    the 
Bedouins  he  disarmed,  but  the  Porte  knew  of  n<> 
way  to  do  thai. 

Koolt  in  Muscat— Insurgent   P,edonins  \\\\- 
der  Shaik  Syed  Sule  eaj»tured   in  February  th^ 

town    of    Mu-cat    and    the   palace   of   the   Sultan, 
who    fle.l    t«»    the  fort-    and    opene.l    (ire  lip 

town,  demolishing   many    building-.     Tl. 
tan's    forces   inve-ted  the   town.   Imt    could    n<it 
recapture   it.  for  t  he  rd>el-.  though   numheriiig 
only  :',."»()  men,  were  armed  with    Martini  i 
rifle-,    while    the    Sultan's    troops,    nun; 
had  ol.M.lete  weapons.    The  Sullan 
offered  a   ransom   of  !fl(».(KK).  and    the 
the   place    in    the   middle    of 
after  tir-i  -acking  the  palace  and  the  shops. 


U 


t*MTAKI\Nx  The  -Yearbook  of  the 
TnitarUn  Congregational  <'hur<-h.-"  for  1896 
gives  lists  <>f  M'.«  minister  ,  ^K-ieties  of 

- 


. 

ation  in  th<-  Unitwl  States.    The 
members  is  given  in  the  table*  of  the 
lent"  as  88,500.    The    churches  are 
•1  in  general  bodies  by  th.-  National 
c  of  Onitarian  and  other   Chri-tian 
whirh  meets  every  three  years:  the 
t  nit*nan  Associalion,  whose  purpose 
HMM  ratkn 

er»JC'  i  diffuse  in- 

*J9J*J  missionaries  and 
M^nanr*  of  minister*  and  in  Chun-h 
;   the    chanrh    Vmilding    lo^n    fund: 


™ 
trict  conference  ;  9 


conferences  and 


associations;    Icn-al    eonfen-m-e-;     il 
Alliance     r>f     ("nitarian    and    oth« 
Women,  and  its  local  bram-he-:  tl 
Sunday-school    Society    and     local 
similar  r-haracter;    and    '•>   mini-trrial    :•. 

I'nitarian  th<  nted  in  the 

Divinity  School  of  Harvard  l'niver-it\.  HI 
Mi'adville  Theological  Seminary.  Meadvii 
b  a  Unitarian  in-titution.  Koiir  aeadem 
nanii-d  in  the  **  Yearbook."  and  numen.:. 
tarian  elubg  and  -pe<  ial  -..<-j.  • 

The  Briti-h  I'nitarian-  have  -J7J»  chun> 
Kngland.  :'.:{  in  Wale-.  N  j,,  S.-.,tland.  an-: 
Ireland.  They  are  i  i  in  the  I 

and  Knivign  I'nitari.:  I  i-.n  and  t1 

Conference,  which  meets  every  thn  • 


KD  WUTTtltC*  rm  «r*    ft? 


(nrrn 

.oft;   filial 

ami 

,M  hrunan 

- 


•'.".'.'"..'.."          '   . ;  ;: 

,Va«T£*ss  »szs&^t*tzsx2\ 

rt.l.Mt.    nHa.lni.  . 


-iii^-.  in   l 
v  Sm 


• 
en.1    diiitfrvKatinli-  ,,f   (| 

.a.-,-,   n,    i 

«l«rne«  of 
-»n  It. 

UliKT 

A^../r ,./.  That  i  acx^pu  the  rvllfto  of 

al  rrli|.M..ii 
man;  an.i  «ro  cordial  I «  invite  •..,  nurvurtititf 

(fMtMajM^ajd 

JBMO/r,./.  That  ti.r  National  Cooncil  .five  ihc.Uve 


l«i 


•• 

how  W 


'aW  and  f »««.  la* 
tffiot    Tl> 

A  aBMMt^atf  M^A  a»M  afe  a^a^iM  ~A  <  i 


iHlk.  H      -tV 


•h 

Mitarimi    |  -wit  ion  no 
.ui--.il  -i'»"Htioiw  from  the  tart- 
the  Mvond  KtmUcrrv.    Tho 

ngaddrwa  im 

.  xn.l  that  rnitariajinarr  n..i 

in  tin*  il*K  triiu-  that 
l»«w  I-  in.  I  that  nil  lh«-  litu 

to  <J«^l  nit  : 

-.   of    Philadelphia,    -!"-lanxi    that 

violation-  ..f   natural  lawm,  Ottl 

of  harimniy  with  all  k  'ruth*. 

•ad  btlkred  in  i.y  n  The 

SehooK  aniriniHl  that  I  «  huaccrpl  i«rt 

late- 
•win  then 

f  all  law. 

iHvlf  in  tin-  onliT  «»f  I*;* 
•  hat  in  thr  full. 


iiail  ii|>|M-.ir.--l   to   IIIHII   in 
which  »!..•  Chri 
ilmitmtioi 
litrini:  tl, 


to  •»• 


ttrtlr.  o*  Ih..  «  hurrfc.  <4  •  !**  t*. 
««ft»brff     of 

4JMI: 


for 
*!'.  1«S;  total 

SoSCSi^    r    >    :-  '-  :     /•'    . 


A 

h  and 
n.  hrM  in  Ixmdon  in 


TNITKI)   -  OF    AMKRU'A. 


r,  nrnr  Freetown,  were  recommended. 
.-I-  luni:  <>f  a  mission   in  Japan   was   d- 
,ieh  4  unlive  Japanese  (Minor 

•,-s  have  been  appointed    The 
ng  secretary  ,,f  the  hoard  hn> 
dawrtad  to  Japan  to  su|>erint.-n.l  tin-  beginning 
of  the  mt«>i<  n     Tin-  tu.-t  Important  feature  oi 

:,    lh.-    Mom.-:  :«l    Was 

'    ••  .    i   Mir,  !i    Ifl    '!'•  QUeaSM  an.! 


Other  part*  of  the  Southern  States,  where  a  im- 
-uce  had  existed  in  measee 

Two  new  presid 

districts  had  i>"ii  formed.  more  than  •„'<>  minis- 
ter* m*i  n«d.  and  more  than  UNHJ  m.jnl,  r 

\  i-propriations  of  £l?.H?  were  made 

,rv  work  of  I  In-  enMimt;  year. 
I  MM  |is|  M  I  snl    \MI  UK    \. 
n»|»ul»l.  ^tatr*  in   N'-rth  Anu-rica.     The 

exccntn     I..W.T  i-  v,.xt,.,l  in  a  1'  -•••!.  -.1 

tors  equal  in  «-arli  Si 

toe  number  of  iu  Senators  an.  1  i:.-|.r.-.  ntati\,-s 
•ngreH.    Candidates    f<>r    I'resiilent    an- 

Dominated  in  party  con  v,-nti..ns  an.l  ra«-h  party 
prennta  to  the  voters  a  list  of  ehx-tors  who  will 
.  The  legislative  pow.-r  is 
verted  in  the  Congress,  consisting  of  a  Senate, 
in  which  each  State  is  r»  :  >y  -J  m*  m- 

bers.  elected  for  six  years  by  the  State  Legisla- 
ture, and  a  Hou-  ;.  consist  ing 

of  859  members,  electetl  for  two  years  by  direct 
Tote  of  the  qualified  aieoton  of  cadi  S- 
from  each  Congressional  distri.-t.  and  4  T-m- 
tnrial  delegates.  The  reapfx  >rt  ionmcnt  based  on 
the  census  of  1890  gives  one  Represeotatfre  to 
erery  178^fK)  in)  Th.-  Vice-  President, 

who  on  the  death  or  r.  t'.r.-m.-ni  *>f  tli<-  I'r.-i.l.-nt 
becomes  President  f»r  the  remainder  of  the 
i*  ex  officio  the  presiding  officer  of  the 
Senate.  The  President  for  the  term  ending 
March  4,  1897.  is  (ir-.v.-r  n.-v-la.,,!.  oi 
York,  born  March  18.  WJ7.  The  VTioe-Preai- 
dent  is  Adlai  K«  -  -.-on.  of  Illinois. 

The  President's  Cabin.-t  at  the  beginning  of 

1805  was  composed  as  follow  try  of 

Slate,  Walter  ^.  Greshara,  of  Indiana;   Secre- 

tanr  of  the  Treasury,  -loli  n  <J.  Carlisle,  of  K.-n- 

tucky:  Secret«r\  haniel  S.  Lam«.nt.  of 

v   ,,f  the   Interior.    1I,,ke 

Smith,  of  Georgia:  Secretary  of  the  Navy.  Hil- 

I    i         .  -.  :  I'  -•  D  ister-Oen- 

«^al  Wilson  S.  BinselU  of  Kew  York  :  At  torn.  -y- 

Oenerml.  Hiehnnl  oincy.  Of  Massachusetts:  Sec- 

Vu'ru-tilture.  'Julius  S.  Morton,  of  Xe- 

JH)  President  Cleveland  appointed  Ki.-hard 
Oteer.  of  MassachusettA.  Secretary  of  st  a- 

iljinnon.  of  Ohio.  'into  the  Calii- 
Uko  Mr.  Olnoy's  place  a^  Attorn. 
<)„•  Mis^-ll.  William 

l«on.  of  West  Virginia,  wa*  a  p|N  tinted  to 
ihim  a«  Postm.-i  ral. 

H««aa  «M  Wn  in  Ohio  in  184<t.    He  was 
ati   nchoolii  and  in    !»•  n. 

v.  «t  <  trmiiville.  O  iurU- 

"  •     •    intuiti.  when-  he 

1-  'ftrw  nf  ju.ljtf.  of  the  Court  of 

t»»i»  an«i   ho  wn*  declared 

•i*-«t«l  him  in  i:t 
«,«»-*        :*n  of  the  Interior.      .  : 


****** 
**» 


•••• 


later  he  wan  elected  judge  of  th.  Sup<  i 

he  noon  re»ic'i*-<l  '"•".  tin-  l- n.-li  in  onl. 

r  "\   tin-   linn  "f  ' 

Goldsmith  A 


nominated  and  eonfirmed  ssAttorn< 

.•.<-.!  Mr.  <>ln.-\.  \\li<>  \viu*   iulva!i.-<-.l  tot! 
jiurtnient  "n  tin-  <l<-:ith  "f  Si-»-r«  tai  \    ' 
William  Lyne  Wilson  was  t>oni  ii 


WILLIAM   I..   WILHOX,  POSTMJUBTKa 


College  and  at  the  Uni 

-:it.-  army.  :m>l 
fe«or  of  Latin  in  Columbian  College  t 


'P***-    UutoJ- 


M*|   *•      foninl  u,  Ik*  Ita 

Ml  f*m  taS 


II,,  .1   .h,  I  M . 


M 

? 


••   H  .    l-iill,  r.   ..f   Illiiioi- 
•  .  ami    tin-    f..: 

mm:  John  M.  lUrUn. 

"f  Knlivi 

r     ihr 
•  l.rtth.  .•!!     \uj    «v   is-.i-,.      • 


irM~lz«r5  *•'••'  tw*— ^ 

v , .     . 

••fM  flDflM^  AT  ft^M  i^hCHtfCA^rf  tf^^^i^  A 


i  f..r  ih, 

->,  wh«>  WM  .luiv  eooflnMd     • 


«•» 

>70  Tfof  the     ^J 


IV  cw  of  |\4W4~TW 
•ml  THMI  ruaf^ny  ••»!  HJE* 

Drnl*l   Tru»<  tc^MMHiy   totWtt^f  IA»  4HMMto> 

Cbttffi  vHli  tW  CMV  rf  M«B<W  r*  H  i^t  55^FS 
tflHL  n4  MMM*H  AMI   TWtM«M«i« 


• 

'   T' 
.  ' 

•s^jy^JC^ii't; 


!•»       KM   »W 


«M  !•  l»  •  4M« 


.  DonuuaU 

.in  had  alw»r»  Iwn 
~  not  identifl«a  with 


.•v  ...  •    .      . 

WJMP  UNI  rrolJix.  a^|  ^^  ,^  n^  kMtnHwaftMV^*  «*  ' 

1-    J^«»A^|   W«  IJW^W^^^W^**  ^^^F    ^^^^^^*          ^^^^ 

^Cjitt^si  9QpVMHv  *••  *^w%  VBWB  v^  ^^^*«^J    •^•M^^^fe^^A  ^tfM  ^Hft  l^^v^H^B^BB 

4g» 

/»  bwn  an  »« !;vc  DiiMiunl.aM 

font iti.si  with  th*  JIlhJKI  of  tfc*  iWH^  MVK1T.  •••    •••••  MBW 


AMERICA. 


taxation  on  the  int.:  m  operates  on 

row  I  *•  fore  it  i«  exercise* 

h«*  A   MMitilile    inrturiier  «ui    t:  :.  ami 

therefore  such  a  tax  ••»  tl.«-  p 

the  States  And  their  instrumentaliti' 
m<>ne  N  c.juei.tly  repugnant  to  th 

•  II.       On    III.-    i|Ue»tioil    whether    111.'    whole 

.•nsiitutional.  no  opinion   wa-  then 

fjrpnssed,  the  court  i-i!^-  equally  divided,  .lu-- 

M      Hot      IN  [)       -.-nting 

..pinions  won-  delivered  l-\  Whitr  and 

llnrhin.  al-  '•  u  ''"   lirl'l  '»»• 

null  ami  void.     A  petition  for  a 
rehearing  was  allowed,  and  the  cam*  wen 

li.   an. I    \v> 

May  v  pinion  of  the  courl  WSS  de- 

livered l-y  (  hief-.lu-tice  Kuller.  declaring  the 
whole  act'  unconstitutional  on  the  ground  that 
the  tax  was  a  duvet  tax.  and  was  not  laid  l.\ 
apportionment  a>  required  l.y  the  Const  it  u- 
ti<>n.  .hi-ticcs  Marian.  Un-wii.  .Jackson,  and 
White  each  deli\  uion.  -how- 

ing  that  the  court  had  stt»od  5  to  4  against 
the  la«.  Tin-  deci-  "1  the  (iovern- 

•f  about  $30.000,- 

000  annually.  It  overrules  a  dc.-i-ion  of  the 
tame  court  'in  tin-  ca.se  of  Spr  I'nited 

State*  (1H-MO),  affirm ing  the  constitutionality  of 
the  previous  M;  ..w.  In  that  case  the 

income  tax  was  held  in  a  unanimous  opinion  to 
•  ad  of  a  direct  tax  and  con- 
stitutional. Congress  having  power  to  lay  and 
«-«.ll<-.  the   only   restriction    upon    its 

in  this  regard  bang  that  they  shall  be 
uniform  through  -.-it  the  I  nit.-.l  States. 

•  •  aggregate  amount  collected   under  the 
previous  income  of  .Inly  1. 

1868,  and  subsequent  amendatory  acts  which  e\- 

y  limitation  Dec.  Hi,  1H71)  was  $346,967,- 
388.12.  The  largest  amount  collected  in  any 
one  rear  was  $72,982.1  '. .  No  in 

tax  laws  were  passed  by  Congress  prior  to  the 

war. 
(Meomargartrtf  COM.— The  case  of  PI  urn  lev  vs. 

-•••    .     :•        I.  .1     !».•<•.    lo.    is;,},    involved 
the  constitutionality  of  the  statute  of  Ma— acliu- 
prohibtts  the  s^ile  of  ole'.marLrarine 
made   in    imitation   of  yrllow    l.utt.  r    produced 
from  unadulterated  milk  or  en-am,  in  its  appli- 
cation   to   sales   of    oleomargarine    in    original 
packages  brought  into  Massachusetts  from  oth,  r 
tiUtea.   It  watt  held  that  the  prohibition  in  ques- 
•    int.  rf.-re  with  the  freedom  of  eom- 
e  -e\«-rnl  States,  and  was  not  re- 
pugnant to  the  (,'on-titution.    A  disscntini;  ..pin- 
.    Chief-.l  .-•:•  e    Kufier,  in 
which  Joi4ices  Field  and  !«urr..l. 

Thf  ,SA^rm*ifi   Anlitru*!  Act.— This    art  was 
eon»lnml  in  the  case  <f  I'nited  St;r 

nitfht   (*.itn|iAiiy,  which  was  decided  .Ian.  'Jl. 

I»^V    The-  action  wa*  brought   l.y  th.    I'nit.d 

"»  th-  nr  ,he  eastern  .lis- 

..  •  ;•  ;-  known 

Suirmr  Tnwt,"    It  was  unsuccessful  in 

»*m.  »n«l  attain  in  th«-  <'ircuit  Court  of 

lh<?  t*?  ^upn-im-  Court 

.dismissing 

be  cotm  held  that  the  act  of  < 

titled  "An  Act  to  protect 
JMwnw  against  unlawful  restr 
and  oxmopolkV  known  as  -  the  Sherman  Anti- 


tru-t    act  "—which   denoir  Mlracl. 

combination  in  the  form  of  tru-t  «»r  oil.' 
or  eon-pirac\  in  n-traint  ..f  trade  or  eon 
a  moii. ::  tin-  several  State-*  (,r  \\  it  h  |,,r,-i-n  n.. 
and  pn-scrilto  punishment**  ami  remnli, 
no  application  t,.  -u<  -h  a  eomliinat  i<m  or  i, 
oly  ah  the  Su^'ar  Tru-t.  liecaiiM-  t  hat  coin). 
or  inoiiopi.:  ,  .i  |.rimarily  in  mann' 

id  only  M-eondarily  in  selling:  that  . 
•  •iiiation  to  control  the  manufueturii 
ticular  arli.  1.-  can    not    I.,-  a  eomlijn.. 
st  mint  of  i: 

the  p.  DgVem  I"  regulate.  Iml   i^  • 

a    matter   of  doiii,-tic  e,,|,,-rrn.   -ul.j.-ct 
polic.  the  States,      .histi.-,-  llai  : 

scllted. 

.M-.  which  vi 

I  he  court    . 
I'he  -••lit,  : 
in   the  county  jail   for  lerm>  \ar\  in_ 

mouths,  i  m  POM -.1  on 

three  other  |.cr-on>   for  contempt    in  di^. 
the  orders  of  injunction   issued    liy  the  . 
court  at  Chicago  during  thc-n-at  railroad 
in   .luly.    lv  u|iheld.  and    princip 

.irreat    importance   were  estaldishcd.     The  juris- 
diction  of   the  court  and   cnf..i 
junetion-    a^'ain-l    interference    with    ini. 
commerce  and  the  passage  of  the  mails  wa 
maintained.     The  circuit    court    having   h. 
risdiction  m  the  <-ase.  it  was  held  th. 
was  not  ..pen  to  review  \<\  the  Suj.n-: 

<  'Jiim-w  /  In  1  he  ca-e  o)  ! 

•8.  Tnited  -  ded  May 

court   aflirmed   the  decision  of  the  court 
in  denying  a  writ    of  /HI/H-H*  rnr/nis  ap|'l; 
by  a  Chinese  merchant    in  ^an    |-'ranci-<- 
made  a  \  i-it   to  his  native  land,  ami 
admission  into  the  United  state- on  i,j.  return. 
The  constitutionality  of  the  Chine- 
act  was  reaffirmed,  a'nd   it  was  held  that    under 
the  act  of  AUL'.  1s.  I^.M.  th.- e,,urt-  had  i 
thority  to   review  the  deei-ion   of  tL 
olVicers  of  the  Government   in  exclu-lin^. 
any  law  or  treaty,  aliens  from  admi^i»n  into  this 
ec.untry. 

•  fiK/i/i/ii  ///.-. —  Hilton 

volved  important  questions  relating  t«i  th- 
of   foreiuMi    jinl^nieiits.      The  ;, 
judgment  re.-ovi-red  in  a  Krem-h  c.mrl  l»y  I 
citi/ens  against   the  firm  of  A. 
It  was  held  that  foreipn  judgments 

•  videlice    and     not     ro||e|u-ive    whei. 

upon  in  the  courts  of  this  country,    chief  .1 

Kuller  and  .lust  ices  llarlai, 

dissented,  holding  that  the  doci ; 

cata  applied  to  foreign  judgments  as  v- 

domestio. 

I  he   \rmy.--The  t'nit.  rmy,  which 

ruitcd  hv  voluntary  enlistment   oii!\ 
sists  <•!  ''tit-  of  infantry,  ii 

-  :  ;  1:5.12.-.   tiii  n  :    10  e 

numl.erir  (  r-     an.i 

-|   regiment-   of  artillerv.   numlM-rr 

len  :    and   .'»:;?  ollic.  : 

;,en  in  the    Kn^'ineer  Co?-|-.  the  o?-. 

nal  -ervjce.  .Mili- 

\'-ademy.  with  Indian   scout >-.  admi; 
live  detail-,  etc. :  total.  2.126  of!ic<-rs  and 

IONAL  GfAKU,  page  5< 


I'NlTKll  KTATHtt   ttV    tUB*B>if 


I  l> 

all    of    the    Mr 

6;w»»  t..nv  '.'.-; 


;<ountler<|ui<  k  AHng  gva 

iM 

tirr.i.  a 

mi.l   1HU3.  I., 


Ihr    U  a^| 

^   » 


*  •peed  of  15  knots,  and  OJUT\ 

in  2  main  turret*  a 

nmller  turn-i*.  with  • 
armament  of  -I  II  in,  h  an<i  -Jo  r,  ; -.under 

Ion*  an<l  !'•  uu-he*  of  armor,  with  1 1 ,000-bom 
oujrinea,  designed  for  a  MMHH!  of  |A 
•  lisposed   like   thai   • 
• 
•nd  SO  quick-firing  gn 

:..  IH-S  tin.  k   r^\ 

:.  ,i-n.-.l  for  speed,  the  one  21  > 
'  ngine*  of   17.4OO  hone  power,  and  thr 
18,000  none  power.  20  knot*.  nt,.i 
•i  guns,  8  forward  and  'J  aft  in  in 

'•4-11111     III     ' 

•NT,  while  the  other  wiO  Imvr  'Jn«liltt  i<»nnl  heavy 

.»  mibsidiary  nrinun, 

,'  smaller  ijuii  k  Hn-rs  mi  throne,  and  19 
.nul  10  Miuilh-r  <>i\<- 
eommerre  destroTen  ("Colunil.!*  "  ami 

h.  and  16  »maller 
•.-J-  iin.l  28  knots  respet-t 

•«NI  hi-r^-    : 

us.  bss  a  speed  of  20  knot*  ami  »n 

AnUe%fII0Ilv  OOQMattlOflr  0»  4  9*lllOll   vl^MOBMMMvtW 

.0  smaller  ijui. -I. 

•••    nrni.T  i-lml.   with     1  I  inch    plale* 
n*.  ha*  a  »|iee*l 

in  h   nn. I  2   lO- 
il  10  rapid'flrv  pun-. 

>Kiugh  having  a 

lie  heavient  of  tin-  r  l*un- 

MI.  h  (.lute-  ati<l  a  ill 

mil 

mm*    The   i». 

'  ami 

,:ne  arm--r  .1-  • 

inilnr   annainent       A  puweff^l 
rain,  with  ft  H,H.,-,|  ,.f   17  ki>.-:*        Kala 

it  t*  ««|*!4e  of 
Mi.-rgrd.exrrpt  the  turtle* t«rk 
whenattM 
•nilt    ilurimr   th.    wsj     f   MiatSJOS).  tbrrv 

rm*kill. 


ai  U«*« 

•  t^|«l 

h^^tk.  M^li.-   ^ 

l.r...  y  *.:  •  .•      . •       -  ....... 

I  nr^e  MttaJtrT  i  rutaiit  f  IMrtMMc    ** 

J  6-lorb,  9  It.*.  aaJ  •  «« 


)«ir.   aa«l    iliilPJ  Ii  ' 

-   f      ;       -j       •    •: 


fMTI-:i»   >TATKS  OF   AMERICA, 


-10,088:  spirituous  ami  malt  1 
$4,343,5*6;  molas«es(  15.075370  gallons),  $ 
146;  musical  m-truments.  $918,858: 

$1.246.WM:  paper  and   manufactures  of, 
SaTjUper  EEL  $3.7*. 
and    imitation-  ,,f.  including  diamond-. 
i .  $6HO.HO-,' :  -ilk  manufac- 
tttlVS.  $81.806.00*J  :   taw-ii 

tt.64O.885:  suirar  (8,5745 UM.Yl  pound-).  $76.- 
i  (97.358.458  pounds),  * 

unds).  $6.;  .bacco,  leaf 

and  mn.muietured.  $16.888.618:  toys,  $1.889,- 
988;  win—.  $7.1K3.r>:i7:  wood  ami  wood  manu- 
facture*. $17.MU1!»:  W.H>|.  free  of  duty.  $88.- 
906&';  dutiable,  $1.560,1'.'; 

manufactures,  $88,589.890:    all   other  a. 


The  tot  A!  value  of  .is  $807,588,165. 

The  vain.-  of  tin-  domestic  export*  was  $798,898,- 
500.  The  domestic  exports  carried  in  cars  and 
Otto  land  vehicles  were  $45358.469;  in  An.eri- 
can  vejweU,  $60,588,877;  in  foreign  vessels, 


The  principal  exports  of  domestic  produce  or 
manufacture  and  their  values  in  1895  were: 
Agricultural  implements.  $5.4:  limals, 

$85,754,040 ;  books,  maps,  I  other 

printed  matter.  $2.31»..:>i7 :  c,,rn  (27,691,187 
bushels),  $14,640,767;  wh.-at  7«J.i.rj.:u4  i.u-hd-,. 
*;  :-'•-,.,;.;:;  wh  ,  "  •  -  *28  barrels),  $51, 
651.988;  all  other  bn-a-l-tulK  *U'.n;.H  .' 
road  cars,  street  cars,  and  carriages,  $2,382,714; 
ch'-micaK  drugs,  dyes,  and  medicines,  $8,189,- 
hes.  $1/204.005:  coal,  an- 
thra-it*  (1^97.804  tons),  >  ;  coal,  l.itu 

-:»,  180.898;  copper  ore 

(10.2H1  to,,,,  xi. in}. :,i:,:  eopprr.  manufactures 
of.  $14.4nH.TO:i:  cotton,  raw  (8^17,488,109 
pounds),  $204.900.J»1H> :  fish,  $4,501,830;  flax, 

other  fruits 
fur  skins,  s 

130;  hides  and  skins.  $2,310.323.  h 
988  pound-*),  $1372.597;  iron  and  ste.  1  manu- 
factures, $32,000,989;  leather  and  leather  manu- 
fa--ture5,  $15.61 4.4' >7  :  musical  instruments,  $1,- 
:  :    naval    stores   (rosin,   tar.    turpentine. 
pitch,  and  spirits  ,,f  turpentine).  $7.41'.».7; 
cake  and  meal  (7:W.6."»2.4J»:»  jH.un.ls).  $7.1  •; 
animal  oil  ;  ,„{„. 

SnioiLcrud.      ll  I.^VJIU   -all«>n-i.  $r».101.7I(i: 
mineral  oil,  refined  or  manufactured.*! 
878;  vegetable  oils,  $7342. 11,':  pa|N.r  and  paper 
manufactures,  $8.185.257 :  imraflln  and  paraffin 

,614:    beef    prod- 

fwtinds),    $hi. 
(88,199.77:>  jK.unds).  *H,0-r 
1. 665^61  :jl«iry  pro.  i 

""  pound->.  $2.- 


poumis),  f»H.inn ».-.»:« i  :  n-n.  f\OU 
hemp,  and  jute  manufactures,  $1. 
plss(HlH.711  barrels), $1,954*818 ;  all 
and  nuta,  $8,017,478 ;  furs  and  fur  s 

.  Utoa 

!-  -."*':/ 
.--.  *1V 


wat  (95.076,105  pounds),  $8^69,61 
nets  (844.600.048  oounds),  $27 
prodoctji  (1.Q08.024JU7  iH.und-i. 


:  other  weds,  $784,148:  disUUed  spirits 
i.7*M  pr-,f  ^2,991.686;  molasses 

•n-*  •  -.ril  ga£.  100;  refined 

*  :    '  •••'»:     tOD*  .....  . 

.  mnnufacture*!.  j 

v    ww|   .nd   wood    ma, 
mj*j,  :  ot  her  article*,  $84,154.960. 
»«f  vM  bullion  wer*  ;> 


885;  of  A  r  for- 

:1\.  r  i  ..in.   $0,070,708  :    total    imp. 
Dreciou-     metal-.    .<U.«>(.»!».-j:)J.     compared     \\ith 
$85,785.671  in  \v\.     The  domc-tic  (-\p- 
p"l«l  liullion  w«  >6  :  "f  ^,,|,|  (.,,ii 

096,631):  of  ,JU.T  l.ulli..!,.  i 
coin,  sftnujiui;  t,.tal  precious  meta 

•jiipare,!    uith    - 

ports  of  speck   in    l*!i:>  amount. -.1  to 

lii.|ii-tr\   ami    \-ririil1nre.     Th.    f,,i 
taMe  Lri\>-  tiu*  acreage,  yiel- 1.  an- 1  \alm 
prim-ipal    farm   cn-p-  of'thi-   1'niie.; 

the   i|iiantity  of   t<.l.a. •.-.•    l.ring   ^i 
pound-,    hay    in    ton*,  and    the    ••th- 

bushels: 


OMV, 


S?y*ft    roin>  *lo-ra-ra  : 
gold  com,  $12.446.128  ;  of  silver  bullion. 


The   production   of   malt    liquor-   in 
e-timatcd  a,  1.0 16,440,000  gal  Ion-:  of  fen 
lion..'  :7:{  gallons:  of  rye  whi-k\.   !«'.- 

-  0-26,544  gallons;  of  bourdon  whi-ky.   1-Vii 

;    gallons:  of  alcohol.  10,570,070  gallons;  of  mm. 

-  l.^r.j. :,:<:,  Callous;  of  -j,,.  i.-js;.!»77  gallon 

-  pure    neutral    spirit-.     '•'•'>.'•'>  ">  7.1  l-"i    gallon-:     of 
brandy,  grape,  apple,  and   peach.  'J.!U*.158  gal- 
lons; 'total  spirit-  J>!>,158,650 gallons. 

The  number  of  sheep  in    1*'.U  was   LV": 
The    wool    pro<luct    in    1894    was 
pounds,  and  the  consumption  of  wool  JM' 
000  pounds.     The  number  of  hogs  killed  during 
the  year  was  81.6r.uu:,.     The  production 
bacco  in  1894  was  406,678,385  pound-. 
at  $27,760, 7:i!>.     The  cotton   crop   in   ls»5  was 
'.31  bales, compared  with  4.* ll. •,'•;:,  balefl  m 

-uinption    of   the    I'nited 
was  3,219,000   (pale-.      The  product  of  can. 

was  611.i:.r,.!ej:   ,,f  i,,-ct  sugar.  45,191,28 
mapl-  6  pounds. 

The  quantity  of  pig  iron  produced  in  lH04was 
>s  I(|M-"  tons,  value  $71,966,864;  of  cop- 

4,814   pounds  value  $83,540,48 
goM.    l.J»2:UJl!l    ounce,,    value 
silver.  ,  .;.    s:;i.in:;.:, 

/.in.-  -pelter.  74.004    tons,  valm 
lead,  luo.sr,:  tons,  value  $1  «»..>:, .MJS  :  ,,f  (,nick- 

i'»  fla-k-  of  7f»l   poiili-: 
f  aluminum.  'J'JO  tot,,,  va 

antim  .us.   vahi'  of  liitumi- 

nous  coal,  | 

<.f  anthracite  coal.  .Vj.din.  : 
879,404;  of  coke  tons,  val 

558;  of  crude  |K-tn.)eum. 

42  gal:  -  '•  alue  of  natural 

gas,  $11,000,000;  quantity  of  evaporated   -alt. 

275;  of  rock  sal-  . .'  l.arn-1-.  value  sj 

f   refractory  clay.  tons,  value 

'>sr,:  r,f  kaolin,  •„'!.:.:.•.'  tons,  value  \ 
f  hydraulic  cemen; 

:{(K)  pounds,  value  *j ..;:•;. i«i; :  of  Portia: 
rnent,  738,196  barrels,  value  $1,080,644  ; 


KD  STATBB  OF 


PM.  v»J«e  $H4MW;    <rf 

H 


rf  roofing  *Uic 


The  ioul  value  of  metab  •«- 
,099,1 1U  mnl  of  all  in  literal  ptuaV 

<lr,|  at   $V,.t7V.- 

prod uot»  of  fisheries  were  valued 

.1     inil.n.'.-    i.f    the    rmil 

-ute*  in  iMtf  «*.  17>MI64    TbeMrvivofwaiHl 
a*  aid*  tracks  and  tiding*.  9M,* 


total 

MuniU-r  of  naemnngrn  carr 
...  «5JMS007;   UM      ' 


had  a  total 

n  in 
ir 


"  £roii  Wkrnil)ft11  ver«  $uR- 
« hi.  d  $JOOt69BjD7<  came  from  pa*> 

;.44«»  fn.n.  ,-     M 

iroae.     The  nrt  rrv-     rr 

fn»in  trnfli- 

i;  n-ntnU.  itin<lc  tin*  total     rn 
$429J84JN1L 


M7JWV961  H,  4  .  ,   i, ., .....  *.^. 

n    aad9H)jNIJ 
liai.ihtiee.  $88,890,492  miiKTllanc<>u»rx         The  aWH 


$5.1  rj  T.I,. 

••«,  $8Ht..    Kverjr 

f  in, fun  .  iti.l  $438,911.61' 

17 cost  value  of  rail r>«t<l«  mid  rquipm* 

• 

-- 
Miippinff, 

:tO.  1895.  numl 

Magvd  in  foreign  commerce ;  20,882, 

'9.060  tow,  in    AlaAaoriWw^roifcr 

NMrwe*     There  we  re  DVlll    Btte  01  tttm 


Md  eatriM  M0V  iW 


luniiir  the  rear  IT. 


LVUM  lona. 
I  mm  I? rut  Ion.— Thr  total  numlier  of  immi* 

•iinr     lawfully  by  law  fttfleal  HaaW i^Hal 
^Kwas  879.1* i  ••  Una*  were ir 

-98.  688.084  in  1898.  and  560,.     I'.onreMe  ai 

'  'i     .      i  s'i ! 


«rr 
lhr< 


k36S  t hn-uffh 

...nx.-ThenumWrof  nroAwaw OOlaw    ^to»«e«l 

OKI 

189.aU W  in   ,-•.-     - 

.^drawing  $695^54.  Thewwwiw    I«ft. 


UNITED  STATUS.  PIN  OP   Till-:. 


I  M  II  |)  x|  Mix.    UN  \N,  |  s  nl     Mil 
The  financial  onerat  ions  of  the  National  Govern- 
:   r  the  iWal  year  ending  June  80.  1899, 
though  III-T.  ntiafaotorj  than  those  of  the  pre- 
rioot  year,  mill  resulted  in  an  exces*  of  ordinary 
•  •«  abore  ordinary  receipt*  of  $42,805,- 
28$.    The  receii  •toon  for  1805  were 

more  than  $90.000,000  greater  than  in  1894. 
l-ui  th"-«'  fr-.-n  internal  revenue  were  $8,500,000 
lem  The  receipt-  fr.-m  other  sources  remained 
piilvtani  tally  unchanged;  the  net  aggregate  of 
all  rtnvipt*  showing  an  increase  of  $17.570,715. 
loUowinf  tablet  >h««w  thepnndpa] 

nditures   Of   tin-    National 
Government  for  the  two  years  in  question  : 

MECEIPTS.    IV  l.ri>l\«;    1-osTAl.   SKRVl.  I  . 


Tl*  os)  cCnlalkM  of  national  bank* 

•   -.-..  r. .:  hg  PMfc 


tend  for  Pacific  railways 

'....'  :.•  -.  J.«  MM  V  :ili.l 

-,  letters  patent*  and 
of  sale*  of  Government 


TBAB  KM.IMO  .Imm  M, 


$148.491,672 

nSKiM 

IM.158,617 
LOOM*! 

1.7I-J..V.1 
•."..Mil 


640,966 


M0^80 
B8^M> 

806,225 


I  it;.  11  1,288 

mjaefim 
mynajm 


Th.'  rxponditi.' 

than  for  tin-  prerioOfl  y.-ar.     Tli.-  .U-cn-a- 
mainly  from  a  i:n-at    n-«lnction   in   j 
account  of  the  -ui;ar  l.<,iinly  ami  a  r.i'n>ii| 

r.-.iurtiuii  in  the  expenditures  foreon-i- 
new  war  Teasels  and  for  general  expense- 
tary  ostahli-.lim.-nt. 

In  nililitimi  i«>  tin-  onlinary  revenue,  as 

in    the  tahle.  the  (  ;i-h     III    the'  T: 

'1  ilnnn^  the  year  l.y  the  receipt  of  $5$. 

588,500  on   account  «.f    tiie 

000     5-J.er-rent.     »...||.N    (limler     the    . 

-7.5):  ah«o  $«5.lin:,M:»  fr-.m  tl 

ts.  for  jjold  purehas. 
:   in   li.|iii.lati.'i. 
(rued  interest  on  refunding  certificates— 

M:,. 

•  ptinj;  ft  romparatively  small  am< 
deposits  held  in  natidtial  btjOl  dejn,- 
ainph!  security  of  United  Stairs  I,,,IM|-.  tl. 
eminent    Imlils  and  di-lmr-rs  j|S  .,wn   n 


HMM 

1,916^14 


2,766,flW 
201,9H 

S.Tl.\»j:} 

I1<141 

4486.7M 


$872.802,488 

M8MM 

aHJRLM 


It  al>«>  holds  in  t  nM  a  re-. 
coin  and  hullion  t«.  meet   the  tv.|.  mj.ti.,1 
|ia|"-r  IfSTiea,  a  fund   t..  redeem  ei-rlain   n. 
bank  notes  and  the  deposits  of  jmldie  di-l 
officers,  subject  only  t<>  the  cherk  of  the 
live  officers;  the  whole  a^trie^atin- 

the   sum  of   x:  ;.   (M|iiival< 

nearly  half  of  the  monetary  circulation  of  the 
country.    Of  this  amount,  le^s  than 
was  in  national  hank  depo-jtarie-.  and 
entire   amount    «.nly    .*17s.d-J7.201    was    to   the 
eivdit  of  the  Doited  States  Treasurer  an'. 
ject  to  his  official  checks. 

The  character  of  the  assets  hold  and  t! 
eral  accounts  to  which  the  num. 
at  the  beginning  and  end  of  the  last  fiscal  year 
will  be  seen  by  the  following  table  : 


DK.  81,  1MB.       Dw.  II,  MM. 


•XPODITUEn,  IX«  I.I  1. 1\.,    I>OSTAL  SERVICE. 

YEAE  BtDtno  Jvnm  80, 


•  >in  or  bullion 
Silver  dollar*  or  bullion 
United  >ut.-s  n..:,  s 
Treatary  notes  (1890) 
National  bank  not. 
Balances  In  national  bank  de- 


9LJ77,0« 

T.V--,I- 
n.  -i. -,.:,»-.• 


<;-l.lcortlflcat«» 
Hilvercertiflcat«a 


76.090,479 
8350,000 
L.TOMOT 


Currency  rertlflcateii  (  1  s;  .• 
Minor  coin*  and  fractional  note* 


Subsidiary  stiver  coins 


LUbOUta 

Gold  crrtlflcatefl 

<-.-rtincat<-)« 

<  •ii-r.-n.-y  .•.•r!ifi.-:it,-  fiem... 

Treasury  notes  (1800) 

nption  national  bank  note* 
Public  <li»bur-int' 

*or  draft*... 
Oaoeral  Treasury  balance 


6.742^70 
17,841401 

1.'.  100.809 

l.lU.-s'.t 


8.M6,78i 

'J».  U.V.I  4 


Of  the  general  Treasury  l.alaru  e  I  > 
$63,262,268  was  represented  by  -old  coin 
nhle    f,,r    re.h-mption    of    1'nii. 
Dec.  31,  1894,  $86,244,455  was  available  f 

T\ie  debt  of  the  United  Statos  i-  npn 
hv  obligations  either  with  or  without  r- 
Of  the  debt  without  reserve,  there  has  b< 


I  MTKD  STATES,  F1NANCR8  OF  T1IK. 


I  calendar  rear  of 


ir-«ent.  1. 

.V 

reduction  of  $«.uv,?i'l  tn  tu  baj. 
>e  national  Iwnk  n  ilanntiou 
s.-i,t  «iih  „„  reaerr. 
ill  be  aeon  in  the  follow  uv 


Of  |W 


lir    ilrLt    ..|||otMlnllliK>    I. a. 

em-,  «lt«lUr    f..r   dollar,   ihi-r»-   »a- 

mloiuUr    Tear    in    th.-    ntn. 

M  »  oorreMwiMling  incrraM  in  the  am, 

iiotwi  having  no  menre.    Thrrr  «..  •)«, 
*-•  in  Trcanury  not» 

t.«  in  Mlvrr  crrtiAratr*  of 
'MW.  Th.  tabbAowtthtllMMS 


•  mtmmmvm 

•wJ1"*"" 


•*cal 


andoih 

I'hihi.  .    .niljpii 

Orleans  while  the  minor  coinage  u  confined  by 
law  to  tli.-  mint  at  I'lnla-l.  !;  tua.  There  waft  a 
ion  in  the  value  of  the  gold  coinage  for 
M  rf  18M,  overt  h.t 
if  $5.:  .rr«  m^T^I*  t-~ 

«aee  in  that  of  the  ailvrr    ^i  >K 


fflyMMBa 

limit  to  thedepoeto  of  gold    iCV^ua. 
A   receive  for  coinage;  bat       u. 
M  nave  no  authority  to  receive 

dtpaata  •  '•  -    ••     •  >      • 


to  Treaeurj  at  market  rale    p^^wtt.a, 

v.     The  repeal  of  the  au-     M**.  *.  .ri.^.    _^ 

•tea  (act  of  IWO)  did    Mi» 


om      e  noe*, 


herewcivroinctlilunni 
111  silver  dollar*,  cortii 

rotlt    of    <t 

arv  coinage  was  the  irfahricatioa  oi 


rn.  and  mutilated  coins  unfit  to  be 


73G 


UTAH, 


MOXCT. 


-.     : 


l>»r  81. 


;  ;.>-,,,,„ 

•411,081 

S  sum 

MLMflJH 


The  following  Uble  shows  the  details  of  the 

-.:,  .    .    -•» 


S£U:: 

Qp8rt»e«iei 

Toul... 


Sabridferr  half  dolbn 


Tottl 

Grmod  toiml 


VM.I  i: 


a.069.480 
4S1.15I 


1M»4. 


V,.' 4:i.6  »'• 
IU.'.HO.M.I 


758 

y«gm 

•ass 


ft.OM.9g6 

MUM 

855,816 


I   MM  IJxM.lsrs.     The   statistical     tables 
in  the  **  Universalist  Register "  for  1896 give  this 
denomination  44  State  conventions,  1,009  par- 
ishes, 48,(tt"  803  churches  with 
members,  097  Sunday  schools  with  :>•;.:::•}  m.-m- 
bers,  and  894  churches  with  property  vain 
$9,789.037.    The  i:i  universities,  colleges,  theo- 
logical  and  medical  schools,  and  aca-l.-n, 
turn  165  professors  and  t«- .  ients. 
and    pr..|--rty    valued    at  $2,787,500.     T 
fund*  ttMertbe  <-are  of  the  General  Convention 
amount  in  the  aggregate  to  $263,979.     Associ- 
ated with  the  General  Convention  arc  t  h-  \V.,m- 
aos'  Centenary  Associ.<               •  iri.-nal  Mi  — i..n- 
Ig    People's     Christian 

Union,  with  42^  affiliated  ami  8  nnafflliated  so- 
cieties: and  the  Universalist   lliM..ri< -a I  > 
»hirh  ha«  a  library  of  about  4,000  volum 
rides  important  manuscripts  and  papers. 

Tho  I  niTersalist  General  Convrnti..!)  m.-t    in 
Merita,  OMUL,  in  Octal*  ••..-nts  were 

premium  in  an  addreM  by  th-  !I<>n.  n.-nry  It. 
Mrtrmlf.  »ho«in_-  \.-ilin-  i.f  j.ari^h  j."r«»j»- 

ertr  h*l  grown  within  the  past  tw. -niy-fivc  years 
from  $5.000.000  to  nearly  $9.000.o<>o  .  th. 
amount  of  rarish  expenses  an. I  roiitril>uti<.im 
»60f>.ObO  to  $1,000,000;  the  protierty  in 
•hoobaod  colleges  from  $1.7<Ni.«*H»  t.,  n/arlv 
$4.000.000:  the  funds  of 

tioa  frrnn  $3*.000.  low  $17.UK»  in,l,.|,t«Mlnea§,  to 
$994.000:  ami  the  funds  held  by  the  (. 
and  SUto  conventions  together  from  $100,000 


to  $090,000.     A  mission   ha<!   l><-,>n    founded   in 
and  >ho\\,-d  inarKril   |...  \\erand  advance. 
(  ontrilMition-  lia<l  I-  ••  -n  m\.  n  dnrini:  th<-  I  M 
five  years  Of  $T>;{.<MM>  i,,   f,,n-iu'n    iiii^mn 

000  to  h"ui.-  nimons,  $9-l.(KK)  to  cluirch 
ing,  $6:{.<XM»  in  aid  of  juiri-h  work,  and  %\^ 

.if  -t  iidnii  v.    <  MI  tin-  reoommendat 
th.-  Committee  on  the  K.  -vision  of  the  l'n>' 

'}\.  the  convention  voted   in   fav<>r  «\'  the 
of    the    following    artid«.s    f,,r  ||,,. 


I.     We  l.elirve  in  ill.-  fat  herll<«  M!  of  <;.„!.  Iltxl  ill  tll 


II.  \S  »•  l.elieve  that  (MM!.  \\  ln>  huth  sj.oken  t1 

all    liis   lioly   ]>r<>]  •,.  luith 

^|M.ki-n  lint"  n.  ,I.->M>  <  Dimple 

.  i.'ur. 

III.  W«-  l.clieve  that   salvation   lu-n-  an<l   ).• 

I'iritiuil   union  \\itli  (;«»|.  \\  i. 

ill  gather  in 
the  whole  family  «>f  liiankind. 

I-'inal  act  ion  i>  to  he  taken  mi  t  In-e  art  i 
the  next  c..nventioii.  in  \W!.     I'  i>  n-|.r. 
that  more  ehurclie>  W.TC  dedicated  in  Is'.i 
in  any  previoii-  year  of  the  life  of  the  di-noini- 
natioii.     The   home-mission  work    h.. 
tended   in  the  S>  uth   and  Soiit  h  we-t  .     The  mir- 
y-ion  in  .Iiipiiii   include-  a  central  church  and  a 
theological  school  at  Tokio,  8  churcln^  in  im- 
portant   citi>--.   a   x.-hool    for  girl>.   and    - 
mi—ion   -tat  ions.  s.nne  of  which   are  under  the 
care  of  native  |.a-t..r-  educated  in  the  seminary. 
The  sum  of  $10,000  was  voted  by  the  <• 
Convention  for  carrying  <-n  thi^work    ii 
The   meeting  of  the"  Youni;   I'«-.,|1le1>  Chri-tian 
Union  held  in  Host  on  in  .July  was  attended  by 
more  than  4.IHH)  men. 

I  r  Ml.  a  We-teni  State,  organized  as  8 
ritory  Sept.  «.i.  ls.-,o:  admitted  to  the  Cnionasa 
State  Jan.  4,  1896;   ares,  84,970  square  miles. 
Population  by  the  cen-u- 
mat-.l  population  in  :  .'  1.    Capil 

Lakec'ity. 

<.o\ernnient.—  The  foll«»winir  wi-re  the  Terri- 
torial ofVn-ers  in  ls«»:,  :  (Jovenior,  Caleb  \V. 
West:  Se<-retary.  Charl«->C.  llichard-  :  Auditor, 
.lohn  T.  (  aine  :  Treasurer,  T.  \V.  Whitehead.  -Ir.  ; 
I'nited  Stat»-s  DiMrict  Attorney.  John  \V.  .Imld: 
Superintendent  of  S-ho..K  T,  B  '  Hited 

States    Marshal,     N.    M.    Wnirham  :      Adjutant 

K    M.   <  Utinger;   l-'i-h  C«'inmi~ 
A.  M.  Mu^er—  Democrat-^:  Chief  Justice  of  tb« 
Sui.reme  Court.   S.    A.    M«-rritf  te  Ju^- 

•  h.   II.  \V.  Smith,  \V.  II.  Kin*. 

I  i  nances.—  The  final  report  of  the  Territorial 

Auditor   shows    that    the  .dilation  in 

15,  and   the  amount   of  tax 

.      The  revenue  was  $8.<r>'.i.i<;    less 

than  that  of  1*«.»4.     The  amount  of  taxes  unpaid 

at    the   end   of   the   year  was  *'.i::.'Jl  <>.->:>.     The 

bonded  indebtedness  is  $700,000,  and  thi 

excess  of  liabilities  o-.  ludinup  t  he 

bond.-d    debt.   *s:;r,.7  1  :',.:,  i.     The    \alue   of  the 

public  institutions  and  other  properly  which  the 

State  from    the    Territory    amount-  to 

Hi.       The   Ami:' 

.  i:{. 

r.iluciitioii.—  The  school  population  iiiimb'Ts 
7l..Vil.  The  aj.portir.nment  in  January  was 

::  in  March,  $r,'«;.«;'..:,.  i:,  :  in  D 
ber.  $225^40.10. 

The  enrollment  at  the  Agricultural  Coll-  , 


_ 


Lhe  year  wa*  400.    The  wood  ball 

ground.  w..*MUN7.  |»«  SSmSSTV^ 

,^l  !•„    years  on  the  1 

^  ThejjfcjaiWfett  Th.ha¥ 

enti^  rea  9MyOOO§  year  it 

•rariaterrd  a 

~b,..i  Mtojuonw 


building 

,M,«1. 

tied  wait  given  t»v  Niit  Ijikr  • 

••*.  which  ntiuirrtl  that  mease 


thnt  tin-  Mm- 
located   within  ..r  rontljruoui  • 

l<>  <*Govrm. 

university  a  6O-acre  t  r«.  i 
•   Sail    Ijik. 
m  that  th. 

mtwlnj  the  requirement, 
itlonft.  —  Th«-    Penitentiary. 

.-•tit  to  th.    Stair. 

N)  prisoners,  ami  b  on  a  farm 
ire  under  cultivation* 
convict*.    The  curt  has  been 

hoof.  at'Ogden.  ban  57  a.-n-« 

r.M  orer  *!•«'• 
•n  for  maintenance  in  I^IM    •• 
-.92,  and  there  is  about  $4.000  deAeit. 
N  according  to  the  rs- 
vas  large  enough  to  accommodate  at  least 
four  times  the  muni*  r  <  f  children  ever  present 

Insane  A* 
••  year  wan  217.  of  whom  107 

he  average  dunnc  th.-  ».  «r  »•« 

Jn  cost  of  care  and  •  per  capita  mm* 

asylum  i*  at  I*n«» •• 

^•sni  u:  ;ipj^i  i.uil.linir.  » Inch  hat 

•OSt,  including  the  ^H)  am-*  of  lam),  the 

It  ran 


un-.  ati.l  ma. •hin.-ry.  $408,078J>1 

Jso  be  placed,  according  to  pro- 

n. I  l'r.,.1.1.  bj  The  total  num- 
d  concern*  in  Tiah  i*  i.Urr.1  ai 
»r  employed  at  5.054.  the 

'ie   value  of  raw  material 
KW,  an<l  the  value  of  prodaat  at 


iimercial  interns  asamr 

at  $14  ,*  at  HUMM  *«  «** 

at    $-.\7K-,.71M.  and  the  number  at  t«m 

r»  amployed.    The  «rrt 


>e  banks 


jMO,  and 


ire  has  been  pn-.-»  in  the 

>U.  th-   l>«-aih   x  alley  an-1 
vou  xxxv.—  47   A 


IT  A  1 1. 


be  on  th«  Tuesday  next  following  the  first  Mon- 
uiU  r.  and  the  terms  or  officers  elected 
fci*bi  on  the  1st  of  the  foll<  uary. 

The  sessions  of  tin-  Legisbteri  are  to  I-  bi- 
ennial, beginning,  except  I  In-  In  -econd 

January  n«  \t   after  the 

member*,  whose  terms  are  two  years  f.-r  mem- 
btn  of  the  II. MIX'  and   four  year*  for  Senators. 
except  that  half  <-f    the   S-nators  first  chosen 
»haU  IK*  drawn  by  lot  to  serve  two  years  only. 
••  years  is  the  mini  mum  age.      M«-m- 
ben  can  not  hold  any  office  of  trust  or  profit 
from  I  In-  (Jovernment  ««r  State,  or  take  any  that 
ha*  been  created  during  their  trim-:  they  shall 
1  from  arn-st  during  the  session.  f..r 
'  -re  inn!   in   returning,  and   shall 
receire  not  more  than  $4  a  day  and  mil.  a-,- 
not  to  exceed   !<•  cents  a  mile.  ar  ses- 

sion except  the  first   shall  exceed   sr- 
length.  ex«  ept   in  «-;i-<--  <.f  impeachment,  and  no 
Special  session  la>t  more  than  thirty  days.     The 
-hall  have  the  power  of  impeachment  by 
i    special    legisla- 
tion is  prohibited  in  18  cases. 

;  r  .hil.it «1  releasing  obliga- 
fcO   municipal   corpor 

:  ;    aulhori/ing  etc.;  delegating 

power  to  make  or  interfere  with  municipal  im- 

i.ent.H  and   the  like;  granting  extra  cora- 

psjMUlloa  to  officers,  eta,  exoepJ  in  the  case  of 

charges  incurred  by  public  officers  in  the 

'  the  laws;  and  from  authorizing  the 
or  any  tty.town,  town-hip,  district,  or 

other  "political  sulidivisioii  of  the  State  to  lend 
lit  or  subscribe  to  stock  or  bonds  in  aid 
of  anv  railroad,  telegraph,  or  other  private  indi- 
vidual ite  enterprise  or  underta) 
The    Kxecutive    Department    -hall    con- 

nor.   Secretary   of    State,   State   Auditor, 
I  rcasurer.  .\ttorncy-<  Jem-nil,  and  Supcrin- 
•    of    Public    Instruction,  each   of  whom 
shall  bold  his  office  for  four  years,  beginning  on 
the  first  Monday  in  January  n-  it   after  his  elec- 
tion, except  that  the  terms  of  office  of  th..-.- 
elected  at   the   first   election    shall    be-in   when 
the  Slate  shall    be  admitted    into   the    t'nion, 
and  shall  end  on  the  first   Monday  in  January, 
A.  ii.  1901. 

i-v  of  the  death  of  tli-   (;..v.  rnor,  or  dis- 
ability from  any  cause,  the  Secretary  of  State 
shall  be  acting  Governor :  and  if  he  also  is  un- 
able to  perform   the  duties  of  the  office,  they 
n  upon  the    President  pro  tern,  of  the 


The  Governor.  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
snd  Attorney-General  constitute  a  Board  of 
Pardons;  the  Governor,  Secretary  of 

•ey-GenefaUBoard 

nWoners;  the  Governor,  State  , .  and 

Auditor,  a  Board  of  Insane-asylum   (  ommi- 

•ootrt:  and  the  Governor.   A  •  ncrnl. 

-<iperintendent  of    Public    Instruction,   a 

Bn«d   of  furorm-scn**.!  Commissioners.     All 

*****  to  go  into  the  treasury. 

Tbe  Sonmne  Court  is  U.  t  of  8  judges, 

***  **  J»H^eased  to  5  a  ,      The 

•the  first, shsJl  be  six  yea- 
r  the  pnwnt  7  judici«;  Tho 

•jjojp^e  jodgs  (s  abolished. 

the  undent  into  2?  representative 


The  article  on  education  provides  that 

>liall    ineln.le    1 

ami  irrmniiiiir  Lrr:i'l.->;  hi^'h   s.-h- 

eulturul  i-oHc-jfc- :  u  -u.  Ii  <.ilu-i 
an  the  LegUlatur* 

trol    and  M.  of   the  i. ul.li. •-,•!,,.. ,1 

shall  »,e  Vest 

:    <>f  1'ul,]: 

..•ure  ri.'Ml.. 
•  'I'  K<lii.-ati<.!i  shall  hn\< 

to  be  usod  in  tin  .-..11,1111111  schoola. 

The  metric  system   is  to  be  taught;  n  i 
tests  are  forbidden,  and   "neither  the    1 
ture  n<  .  town.  veh.,..|  .: 

or  other  public  corporation  shall  make  ai 
projiriat  ion  to  aid  in   the   -u|.| 
seminal  my.  college,  ui. 

institution,   controlled    iii    whole  or   in   p 
any  Church.  s<-ct.  or  denoiiiinat  ion  \>. 

Cor|K)rations  for  municipal  | 

.ited  liy  special   law-,  but    the    Legislature 
shall  provide  by  general  laws   for  tip 
t  ion,  cla^ilicat  ion.  ai. 

jiroporiion  to  population.     Cities  are  pr« •! 
from  selling  or  leasing  wat.-rwork-  or  «.••!;• 
supply  owned  or  controlled  by  them,  except  ih,,t 
they  may  exchange  them   for 
value. 

•ailroad  corporation  shall  consoljii. 
stock,  property,  or  franchise  with  anvoth' 
road  corporation  owning  a  competing  line. 

The  rolling  stock  and  other  movable  pi- 
belonging  to  any  other  railroad  company  • 
poration  in   the' State  shall  be  cons 
sonal  property,  and   shall   be  liable  to  t;> 
and  to  execution  and  sale. 

No  corporal  ion  or  association  shall  brii 
armed  person  or  bodies  of  men  into  the  S1 
the  preservation  of  the  peace  or  the  suppi 
of  domestic  troubles,  without  authority  of  law. 

The   stockholders    in    every    corjK>ration 
joint  stock  association  for  banking  purp- 
addition    to  the  amount  of  capital 
scribed  and    fully   paid    by    them,  -hall  b. 
vidually  responsible    for  an  additional  amount 
ctjual  to  the  amount  of  their  stock. 

( '..mbin.v  ntrol  prices  an-  pmh 

and  corporations  viohUing  this  section  i 
deprived  of  their  franchises. 

-   made  a  crime    for  any   c.,rj 

•  ration    to   interfere   mali< 

with  the  obtaining  or  retaining  of  empl« 

The  article    on    revenue    and    ta\ 

•hat  a  deduction  of  debts  from  <T. 
assessments  may  be  authorised,  and  e 
jniblic  pp.;  perty  use«l  exclusiv. 

religious  worship  or  charitable  purpose^ 
places  of  burial  r  held  for  pri-- 

corporate  IK-TIC  lit.     Ditches  and 
to  be  separately  taxed  when  u-ed  exr-lusi\- 
irrigating  the  property  of  the  . 
claims  and  mines  are*  to  be  taxed  at  th- 
paid   the    I'nite  when 

•  1  for  other  purpo-e-:  machin- 
ery, etc..  is  to  be  taxed   at    its  value.     Ti 
of  taxation  shall  not  exceed  8  milN  on  the  dol- 
lar: when  the  taxable  property  shall  amo-. 
$200,000,000,  it  must  not  exceed  5  mill 


UTAH 


«d  4  milU  after  the  valuation  rearha*  Jtrfflat  of  Hi 
iju,  unless  Darmitfsion  i*  granted  by  Mtawr  aa«l  U 
>  •Motors  who  paid  a  property  tax  the  J.  T  HMMMU 

Lherwiao  provided  by  lai 

ral ;  al*a  in  each  eonn- 


•ton  in  i. 

>  I, 


r  n  tax  bassd  on 


law. 
liuu  atiU 


•u'lXEhMttol 

•  :.-).!,,„.„..    r     r«,     :.. 


•  ^  i-rnwnmm  ssnnaiim  naaniM  at  law- 
ff5ft£n 

EnULfta* 


of  wmMn,orof 

•    • 

"i*o««»d.  prW.rt.MK 

•  undt-t 


.   aiul 


gon. 


»raoover  damafe.  <hr  lajarfa*        The  fbttovfc*  CM^UnlM 

u7Ttot±R±r±a;    ForUo^wTlUnT.Qaln* 

u  not  be  »ubj«ot  to  any  »utu-     ||^  Uobpff, ;  Ji»,|fr»  al  la*  Ini 


lillWKl 

'      •-  ' 


slmll 


f.,r 


url  II.  Tlia 
M«l.^ry; 


ion.  by  en<-h   heml  of  a   family,  ami  eBMnption 

f  *   homestead,  win.  1 1   may   oontM   <f  "tie  or 

lore  parceU  of  Ur»«i.  t.^.t her  with  the  apfmr. 

IMneea  ami    .n.pr  v.-mcnU    thereon,   oTtne        l»una«   tne  palM 

line  of  at  least  f  1.300,  from  tale  on  eieru-    WM  naaaiJ  by  in*  vitovi 

oOritbufihc  "  — 

Wom.  -h.-ir   pr<-|Hrty  in  their  own 

Ight  after  marrinp'.  and   r  liable 

-  or  obligation*  of  their  hiubanda. 
Ural.— The   Rapnbliomn   convention  to 
INOOwa*  neU 
Aug.  88.    .The  platform 

for  the  re-     *  r 
ami  free  and  unlimited  ooinaM  of 

deal  had 

i*n«n   f«>r  failun-  U)  »j*-n  the  I'mtah  and 
boompahgre  retervation*  to  tettlement 
ored  the  ee*akm  of  unsold  non mineral  lands  to 
Intes  and  Territories  for  md  t 


•I,.-    real   e*ato   be- 

turned  to 

d  the  women  of  I'lah  on  tW 


he  national  A.ltninbtration;  and 

MriMthabalk*  box*     fw 

beConMitutinnalionxn-    •       '>*• 

..vrati.-  u..  M.  •  laillliiK  !•   *•      of 

was  a*  folio* 

•  1»;   Coogreastnan.  C.  K. 


740 


JEZUKLA. 


said  that  the  widespread  impression   that    the 
ottoersof  the  Charon  desm  i  the  success  of  tin* 

Republican   part)    must    have  a  foundation    HI 

.md  mail.  "f  Truths."  t|,,. 

fist  of  which  "<»:  -That   a  trust    is   imposed 

upon  each  citizen  in  a  fnv  country  to  act  |».ln- 

own  judgment  and   ibfofatoly 

iii.. n.  ecclesiastical  or 

,  "    • .» 

l',.|.ulists  nominated  Hrt. 

II.  o. 
f.-r   Auditor.  T.  I.,  .L.n.-s   for  Tr«  .. 

y-General.  an. I    I.  T. 


Alvt.nl  f«»r  Superintendent  of  PuLlic   Instrue-- 

!  loll. 

arose   whether   women     • 

\o|r  at    III, 

and    on   the  adoption   of  tin-  Constitution,  and 
\\helher  they  \v.  •.,  ,  il,,  ,  .      I  •    v. 

cided  in  tip 

The  entire  IJepuLli.'aii  ticket  was  chosen.    The 

\\  .  Us,     K.  pii 
20.888;     Caine.     Dem.. mi.     IV.P.t;     l.av. 

PopoJ 

OM  the  adoption  of  tin-  prop, is,., |  r..nxti- 

tin-  rote  stood:  Yea, 81,805;  i 


V 


\  |  \  |  /I  M  \.  .-.  •  .  ral  republic  in  South 
America,  formed  in  1880  bv  the  secession  of  tin- 
former  Spanish  colonv  «•!  nadu  from 
the  state  found. -d  l.y  BUBMB  Bolivar.  Th<  - 

:  innnU-rs.  3  from  each  Statr.  and  a 
•  •.imposed  of  68  mem- 
bers, elected  by  direct    popular  vote   for   four 
Tears.    The    presidential    term    i^    four    years. 
The   President  is  Gen.  Joaquin   Crespn.     The 
Coun.-il  of  Ministers  was  com  POM -,1  in  tin-  W-iii- 
f  1805  as  follows:  Interior.  i;.-n.  .1.  Ua- 
'1   .  . -ijiiial    llo- 

ias;    \Var   and    Marine.    (J.-n.    Manion    (, 
Treasury,  Fabrici<>  Coiide;  Public   Instruction, 
-in  :    Foinento.    (i«-n.    Augusto 
Lutowsky;I'uhli<-\V<,rk,  David  Leon.    Tl 

ral  was  Gen.  Jos4  Antonio  Velutini. 

Duriiij  Dr.  .1.  F.  Castillo  became  Min- 

f  tin-  Interior:  Dr.  Lucio  Pulid...  Minister 

11  Affairs;  M.  \.  >'aii«s.  Mini- 
the  Treasury;  Dr.  A.  I'rl.aneia.  Minister  of 
Public  Instruction;  (,,-n.  .lac-into  Lara.  MiniMer 
of  l-'oinento;  and  .1.  M.  Mauri-me,  Minister  of 
I'al.lio  Works;  while  Dr.  .1.  U.  Nun.-/,  was  made 
Secretary  General.  In  Dec.mher  the  Cabinet 
was  reconstructed  again,  when  K/.cquial  Roias 
r.-t  timed  to  the  Ministry  of 
riqne  Perei  became  Finance  Mini-t.-r.  liru/nal 
Serrm  was  appoint. -.1  Mini>t«-r  of  Public  Works. 
Federico  Cntrenos  Minister  of  Instruction,  and 
TosU  Garcia  became  Minister  of  Fomento. 

The  estimated  area  is  598.948  square  miles. 
The  population  in  1891  was  Th. 

numl  i^ners  was  42396.    Th.-  native 

Indian   population  u  estimated   at  826.000,  of 
ili/ed.    Caracas,  the  cap- 
ital, had  72.4:31  inhabitants  in  1 

Iu.anreti.-The  budget  for  1895-'96  esti- 
mates  the  revenue  at  84.179.990  bolivars,  or 
franc*,  of  which  88388,000  are  derived  from  im- 
pnrt  duties,  182.000  from  other  custom-  duties. 
&.000.000  from  internal-revenue  taies. 
&.1 7VJWO  fn.ra  incomes.  The  expenditures  of 
the  various  departments  are  estimated  as  follow  : 

ent-     '  •;]»'*i\:  ]•  met  ion.  :;. 

Public  Works,  M87.108 .    Pfnaaoe,    11.- 
War  »nd   Marino.   4.-  iivars: 

l.  34.179^90  bolivars.  The  public  debt  in 
Itjwiinted  to  13*371^78  bolivars,  of  which 
M£74  bolivars  represent  the  consolidated 

^JJIii^L  tfr  win?  5  **r  f 

;  20.009,080  bolivars,  a  new   internal  6- 


Ellt,    loan,    i-ur.l    .Inly    1C,,    l^'.'l  ;   :,." 
»li van,  Cert iflcates  paying  1  p.-r  i-.-nt.  a  month; 

«'•  7.1}  ?.::•,'")    liolival-x,  the     foffiLTIl     delit.    pa  •> 

lit.  :  an<l  4.!»7N.OJMl   holivars,  del-t    cl 
Spain.  1-Vance.  and  (Jermany. 

(  oiiimerec    .mil     i  imiiiiimications. 

values  of  the   principal    e\p,,rts   in    I^'.H 

•HMI;    -old. 

imals,    1,1 

There  \v.-re  :>>*')  miles  of  railroad  in  oj,. 
in  1894.    The  st.  ;|,hs  had  a  l.-i 

8,880  miles.     The  numlier  of  me-.s;,_ 
>V.ti;.~>;  expen-es,  1,080,966  l.oli 

D. Tcnsr.-Uy  a  decree  of  An-.  I.  18!) 
strength  of  the 'army  was  fl\.-d  at  is  Lai:. 
each  battalion  c<,ntaininur  <•  companie- 

Ilien.       The    rlTectives     in     ISIIIJ     limn! 

officers  and  men.  Mvcry  citi/m  Letwr.-n  the 
ages  of  eighteen  and  forty-five-is  enrolled  in  the 
national  militia.  Of  this  force, 60,000  m< 

Le.-n    moLili/ed   at    on.-   tiin«-.     The    nun/ 
citix.ens  liaLle  to  >.-rve  is  estimated  ., 

There  is  a  fleet  of  4  steamers  and  '2  >lo«.| 
boats.  To  each  steamer  is  att a  npany 

of  marine  infantry. 

Ke\oliitionar\        \t1ei, ijit.     -  An     uprisim? 
iiu'ainst  the  Government  of  Presi«lent   CP 
the  interest  of  I»r.  K..jas  Paul,  was  started  in  the 
autumn.     His  most  prominent  opponents  would 
not  countenance  a   nolitical    di>turl,am, 
time  when  the   Loundary  dismite   with  K: 
was  in  so  critical  a  state.      I'he  revoluth 
planned  t<>  tak.-  place  simultaneously  in  <  ';i 
ami  in  the  States  of  Bermude/  and'Lara  on  the 

in.     The    authorities    ha 
1.  and  within  an  hour  most  of  the  |< 
were  in   custo.ly   and   their  follow. -r-  di-; 
(Jen.  Vai:u.:  '"   tin-  military  ch 

the  revolutionary  uprising,  was  taken  to  « 
as  a  prisoner,     (ten.    Diax.  and   (ien.  M.-I  . 

members  of  the  council  of  WBT.  fled  t«.  r. 

rnemLers   «>f  the   CaLinet.   wh> 
pected  of  complicity  were  dismissed  fn»n. 
A  few  Lands  of  guerrillas  und.-r  (Jen.  A: 
and   (Jen.   Plalero   remained   unsubdued   in   the 
niouir 

hipl jitir    Kiij.tnre.     -   me   ,,f  th. 

pean   diplomat! 

the  delay  of  Venezuela   in   acting  "j.on 

for  damages  due   th.ir   nation* 
out  of  the  revolution  of  IM(»^,  .s-n^p-sted  to  their 
respective  governments  the  ormi/sitioi. 


\    <»1    I  v 


• 


irml   to  paai  upon  unpaid  rlaiaw. 

>l    Illlllloll-f 

^^•ftft.     Aftrrwanl  h«  aoughi 

.    iniiitfttrr  wa»  dtarai 
it    wa»   not    nil    | 

infM  ft  condition  tut 
in. I  an  a|xt|ojr)r  r 

flhafle     rljitni-.      tirnn.i- 

•>>.    German 

/Urlrtl.  WiT 

the  * 


in  la.  tal*f   *<  ,* 

f^o^o)  ^Momf?  I  o^ok  ^B^-^^^  ^^ 


,t  it 


•  l-T»m|.-  I 

.  hum.  .1  the  whole  of 
»e  of 


••t  to  the  Spanbh  Crown. ee* 

iii.nl    on    thr   Pumrroti 

and    loon   afterward    founded   «>nr   at   \V apart. 
l*ter  -.till  thrv  altrinpti-'l 

bank  of  thr  Kvrnmt- 

Sir  WaJtrV 

...'hi  thr  p. 1.1    rru'K'li.  l-iit   fml.tl;    «l>«l 

in  10.  found  a  art  t  lenient  •( 

Mth     UttrT    MtCCnM. 
ami    whn. 

•fed  th«>  sit.-  in  HV.VJ.     tin-  t» -rrit-.rv  wa«  crdrd 
in  166?  t"  thr  I  hit.  h.  wh..  meanwaOe  had  da- 
Yaloped  flourishing  pUntAtions  on  the  Berbice, 
-i.juil-'  riveix 
.rrlatuls  flnally  n«  hi,  \.-l 
:.•!>.•••   fr.xn  Spain  ti  f  MQn»trr. 

«.nflnn«l  the  richtoftbe 
i   (iniana  t<>  (he  temtorie*  al* 
topjeojed  or  i-..l..m. 

u   thr  l«*»» 

kooW  or  cartJe*.     N  rvalr. 

•inuallv  to  ettablbn 
Mate,  whirl 

Thr   liuirh  traded 

r  pouts.  fn»iu   « 

-^1  alonj:  ' 

Vestas  Barima,  and  into 

on    th- 
an. 1    lUriina.      The  Wo* 


' 

prulrrt    thrm    faa*    iW    HfOJOJ 

.ft.  r  .•  lir.- .,».  ,,*-*:.  a*l  fv* 

•   of    I W 


Mima, 

'ompanv  lai.l 

nouth  -if   thr 
•h  of  t 
ivana,  foiindr. 


innU  trmlrd  wi 

•hr   Dllt.h 

i»uc  an 

MI  and  Mi 

.  built  fort*  on  Pi 


a».h«h-l   till 


741 


IEZUBLA. 


of  preparing  for  the  discussion  of  the  boundary 
question  between  Venexuela  an.l  Kn-land.  anil 
not  done,  a*  Venezuela  se«  ar.  with  I  ho 

intention  of  indicating  dominion  or  empire." 
He  expressed  satisfaoti.-n  that  the  colonial  nu- 
i««  at  Demerara  had  n»t  ..ccnpicd  Point 
lUriina;  and  when  SeAor  l-'.-rt i.jii.-  demanded 
that  (he  m. -num.  nts  set  up  by  Scbombtii 
rtmov  iti-h  Government. 

1843,  wot   orders  to  that  effect,    sir    1. 
Schomburgk  WM  directed  at  the  same  time  to 
..   which    he    completed    in 
-xue'lan    Government    took    the 
ground  tlmt  all  Guiana  originally  farmed   part 
of  the  Sjmnish  captain  generalcy  of  Ven. 
and  that  the  part  ceded  to  Holland  (which  Hol- 
land had  transferred  to  Great  Britain)  comprised 
only  l :  :id  ruled  by  the  Dutch, 

whose  westernmost  m-tileim nts  were  confined 
to  the  banks  of  the  Essequibo,  except  near  the 
coart,  where  they  ex  tended  to  the  I'M  MM- P.: 
In  1M1  a  caw  came  up  in  tin-  Dcmerara  court, 
touching  jurisdiction  over  Maroco  river,  where 
a  murder  had  been  committed,  and  the  court 
held  that  that  place  was  with  in  Vcne/u.-lan  juris- 
diction. (  Hi  .luly  39.  1843,  Ixird  Aberdeen  sug- 
gested arbitration  of  the  boundary  dispute.  In 
to  accept  Maroco  river  as  the 
starting  jK-int  of  a  conventional  boundary,  which 
in  the  interior  should  follow  the  Cuvuni  river  to 
its  tourer,  hr.  l-'"i-ti<jue  would  not  concede  a 
more  northern  boundary  than  I'liniermi  river, 
and  his  death,  in  1MI.  interrupted  the  negotia- 

t..    !.v 

Some  years  later  the  Venezuelan  Minister  of 

.uterropited  the   British  > 

fa/aire*  **  to  the  rumored  intention  of  Great 
Britain  to  build  a  fort  at  Point  Barima.    Belford 
n  Wilson  replied  that  hi-  <M.\, •rnnu-nt  had 
•  ntion  to  ocoupv  or  encroach  upon   the 
tj  iii  depute,  amf  expected  the  Venezuelan 
.nient  to  instruct  the  local  authorities  in 
Guiana  to  refrain  from  taking  which 

the  British  authorities  mi^ht  justly  regard  as 
aggressive,  and  which  would  lead  to'  a  collision. 
In  response  to  his  request  and  formal  d> 
Uon. made  under  m-t ructions,  that  -Great  Brit- 
ain hn-  •  i,  .n  to  occupy  or  encroach  upon 
the  territory  in  dispute,"  the  Venezuelan  min- 
•v.  18.  1850,  entered  into  a  mutual 
engagement  with  him  to  treat  such  territory  as 
neutral  and  inviolate  pending  a  settlement.  " 

the  civil  war  in  Vene/uehi.  boundary 
negotiations  were  not  resumed  till  1871 

then  offered  to  accept    •  ,  line 


that  Ixml  Aberdeen  bad  proposed,  b,it  this  offer 
ws*  reject.  disbury.    An  alleged 

naval  demonstration  at  the  month  of  the  Ori- 
noco formed  the  subject  of  a  letter  from  the 
Vmuelaa  minister  in  Washington,  daU  • 
«,  l*7».to  wMH  ,,,  Secretarv  of  State, 

ottJaii.  SI.  1H80.  replied  :  -  1  have  to  inform  vou 
thai,  in  v*w  nf  the  deep  interest  which  the  Cfov- 
Unit^  »«**«  takes  in  all  trans- 
to  attempted  encroachments  of 
npon  the  territory  of  any  of  the 
thU  OoTenim..|.t 
on  the  forcible 


miles  southeast  of 


jnin.u'    all    territorial 

claims  over  the  mouth  of  the  Orinoco.     Inland 
it    followed   the   npp-  •  f   Cuyuni   n\«r, 

like  the  Aberdeen  line.     This  propi.>iti..i;. 
less  favorable   to   Ycne/neta    than   the   pi 

the  boundary  i|iiestio||  ,li,l 

not  come  up  again  till  lss-j.  but  the  di- 
became  acute  after  p. Id  had  been  disc..\. 
1888,  on  one  of  the  afllnent-  <«f  Ma/arun 
and  miners  began  to  fl»«-k  into  the  e.-in,' 

.i    conrlndcii     in     l^s-J    that     tin'-    only 
solution  OJM-II  to  her  was  nrbitration.     Si: 
laws  and  the  Constitution  «f  the  rci>ubli< 
nated  the  K-sc«|uibo  as  the  eastern  boun<i 
compromi»e  line  short  of  it  would  be  ac< •• 
il.  whereas  t  he  deei-.jon  of  an  ini< TH 
r  a.s  to  the  true  boundary  woiiM  b. 
ing  an  n"«  -cuelan  i\-, 

in  lyondon  was  instructed,  on  .luly   !••.  i 
suggest    arbitration,    and     Preside! 
Blanc...  in    November   of    tliat  .muni- 

cate.l  the  state  of  the  negotiations  to  t  h< 

tary  of  State  at  Washington,  together  with  a 
copy  of  an  intended  note  ; 
requesting  advice  fnun  the  I  i. 
eminent  and  such  support  as  it  was  deeii 
sible  to  jrive.     Mr.  PTSlinghuyseii,  in  a  d 
to  the  mini-ter  in  r.-n-aca-.  intimated  the  will- 
ingness  of  the    t'nii.  to    u-e    U 
offices  to  promote  arbitration,  though  noi 
(•I'-ai-h  Great  Britain  as  the  advocate  oi 
prejudged  solution  in  favor  of  Venezuela,     He 

:  the  minister  to  say  t««  the  l-'orej-i. 
tary  in  Caracas  that  "the  United  States,  while 
advocating  strongly  the  recourse  to  arbitration 
for  the  adjustmenl  of  international  dispu 
feet  ing  the  states  of  Ameri'-a.  does  not  N 
put  itself  forward  as  the  arbiter:  that,  vii 
nil  such  questions  impartially,  with  in*  intx 
de-ire  t.)  prejudice  their  merits,  tin-  Tnite.! 
will  not  refuse  its  arbitration  if  de-iivd  I 
parties;  and  that,  re^ardinu'  all  such  c|ii- 
as  essentially   ami    distinctively   American,  the 
United  States  would  always  prefer 
contentions  adjusted   through   the  arbitrament 
"f  an  American  rather  than  a  Kuropean  ] 

<>n  Nov.  i.'i.  i^^:{.  the  Venezuelan  Government 
proposed  to  submit  the  frontier  dispute  to  arbi* 
.  -ayiiiL'  'hat  it  was  necessary  to  have  the 
decision  of  an  impartial  referee,  since  th. 
stitution  of  the  republic  forbade  the  ali- • 
of  any  part  of  the  national  territory.    Col. 
field, then  British  mini-ler  at  Caraea-.  n  |.lied,«.n 
March  'J!».  lS.sl.thnt   the  di-pilte  was  , 
subject    for    arbitration,   and    (in/.man    I 
went  to  London  us  minister  plenipotenti..' 
the  purpose  of  reaching  a  settlement,  if  [•• 
<Mi  his  way  he  stopped  in  \\ 
ferred  with  t  he  Secret  ary  c.) 
Mr. Lowell  •  as  to  how  : 

good  offices  could  be  profitably  employed.  : 
any  rate,  to  "take  proper  occasi"ii  • 
Granville  know  that  we  are  not  without  < 
as  to  whatever  may  affect  the  interests  ,,f  ;i 
republic  on  the  American  continent  and  it 
tion  in  the  family  of  nation-."    <M-H.  I 
gested  to  the  liri'ti-h  (iovernment.a-  an  all 
tive  to  arbitration   by  a  third    party,  tli; 
question  be  submitted  to  a  commission  of 
appointed  by  both  parties.    This  Lord  Granville 
found  incompatible  with  the  British  Coii.-titu- 


'•  !     -      - 


.iivill,-  drrlarrd  that  «.fr, 
wt  wa§  not  to  obtain  \ 


^y^ffS^jjSjlfmZ 


Ihr 


i 

Yrl,r/,,rl.. 

I.          1       '        -         -        -      ' 

:---, 


»t  thi*  wait  rrj»  • 

'  -    . 


iHe  Michael  McTurk.  «.tt»  a  Inly  of 
k  poem 


•1  from  the  Vi 

land 
•  border  of  British  Uuiana,  that 

•alii  that   tli.    «»,.... 
on  the  Maroco  and  the  An 
•«rt  of  Itritiah  Guiana 

U»  wurimn;  t!.  i'.  u.-..  :.  .1-  • 

ir  Hritiah  Uorernment  that  era 
n  the  tviritonr  <•: 
lie  name  of  t)t«  < 

other  rij:hl  affix-ting  land 

Uuiana  would  U>  n.limu.  -I 

latned  that 
i  authoritiefl  had  exeented  aolemn  arU 

!,  miniM. 

h  jurisdiction,  ako  break- 

ng  that  the  Manoa  grant  «ookl  not 
n  OfMt  Hritain  cmune  of  eomplamt. 
oooeerion  embraced  no  land  that  wa« 

aii.l  lm.l.  i 

n-lnliont    with    (in-jit    I- 
•\  oiT  unlr!«e  the  oocupalkMi  of 
ima,n 

.-iiirla,  and  of  other 
the  di,,..,t,,i  lerrt  -.  - 

and   Mud  tli* 


the  wioAoei  of  \M  W»  u^  4-  .,^.  |  *j_ 

the  eSBefieejee  of  eMfe>  law*  awJf  a  o^Maw 

. 

•HiUlHil.    lib  oier  eaw)  lavJ  W 

'    • 


MuAoi  TrWaadO, 


^ejpHiii  W  •lina<  law  *•*< 
>«iir^>ra.  aaJ  fcenai  tt^w«  «*4 
^^•1^-  ^^u^  0.  i^.  bawJa*  MweaMMHtf  tawl 

' 

her  lawe  WM  Mi  IblM  i Wt*.  hf  ojejio*  • 


'od  the  miiu-t«-r  to  My 

i  then  to  the 

-.a  for  the 

- 

•' 

main  nn-1 
December,  1W8,  instructed  the  t 


^""•SMl?1     l^Statflll! 

'       - 

i  MIT  that  4»r«Mit  nntaln    lioeje  awiejeieB  u 


- 


fu»r 


744 


VENEZUELA. 


authorities  of  British  (Jumna  necessarily  gives 
rise  to  grave  di^ui.  m.i.-  and  creates  as  appre- 
hension t  i  mi  tii.-  territorial  claim  does  not  follow 
al  tradit  lence,  but  is  apparent!  v 

indefinite        il<  intimated  anew  the  great  grati- 
fication that  it  would  afford  tin-  I  • 
Government  t»  -  in  di-pui- 

cahly  and   honorably  settled    l>v  arl.itr.-r 
otherwise.    After  pointing  oat  thai   (Jiia-ipati 
.  .v.  itward  of  the  in  .....  mViaiiy 

rlaitncdin  1887,  which  followed  tin-  Vurunri  and 
made  a  wi<l«-  detour  t«.  tin-  west  of  the 

by  the  Colonial  <MViee  ten 

curlier.    Mr.   Ila\  ided  :  "  If.  ind- 

>h-.-il.l  np|H>ar  that  th«-r.>  >  n<>  !i\.-.|  limit  (<>  the 

Itriti-h  Itiiutiilary  claim.  our  good  di-posit  imi  to 

aid  in  a  U>undary  -.  tr  l.-inmt    might  not  only  be 

•  1.  Inn  beobttaedto  Rive  place  to  a  reel- 

In  formation  having  been 

received  in  1889  that  Barium  had  been  declared 

i'.Iaine  authori/.-,!  the 

•cling  minister  in  London  to  confer  witli 

Salisbury.  with  a  view  to  tin-  rc-cstai»lislmicnf  "f 

diplomatic  relations  between  Great  Britain  ami 

Venezuela  on  thebasi-of  the  temporary  re 

tion  uf  the  xtntn*  </un.    In  Mav,  181M).  tin   - 

t*ry  telegraphed  t«.  Mr.  Lincoln  t«>  use  his  good 

offices  to  bring  about  the  resumption  ,.f  diplo- 

matic intercourse  as  a  preliminary  step  toward 

the  settlement  of  t  he  boundary  depute  by  arbi- 

tration, and  to  that  end  he  suggested  an  infor- 

mal conference   in  Washington  or  London  of 

representative.''  of  the  :{  powers  in  which  confer- 

ence the  no^i  tion  of  the  I'nited  States  would  IK; 

"one  solely  of  impartial  friendship  toward  both 

The  min  i-trurted  to  do 

all  that  ho  roul  i  '  ly  with  such  an    im- 

partial  attitude.  t«  bring  about  some  accord  1><- 

tween  the  contestants  By  which  "the  m<  • 

the  controversy  can  be  fairly  ascertained  and 

^hU  of    each   party  Jostly    rnnfirmiMl." 

pressing  an  opinion  as  to  what  those 

rights  wer.-.  the  Department  of  State  "  was  con- 

that  the  shifting  footing  on  which  the 

Ix.undary  .pi.-t  I..M  has  rested  for  several 

years  past  is  an  obstacle  to  such  a  correct  appre- 

ciation of  the  nature  and  grounds  of  her  claim 

as  would  alone  warrant  the  formation  of  an 

NVith  the  development  of  mining,  the  bound- 
ary claim  of  Great  Britain  continued  to  be 
moved  farther  west.  i  was  forced  by 

British  aggressions  to  resume  i 

were  reopened  in  1890  through  the  Vene- 
Jwelan  minister  in  Paris  and  a  special  envoy. 
The  latter  wen  to  London  with  a  view  t 
resumption  of  regular  diplomatic  relation 
wa*  »*oeived  or  s 


£»d 
«wt 


»*oeived  or  Lord  Salisbury  throng. 
office*  ^roftheVnited  States: 

tb*  mission  failed  because  a  condition  of 
rwumption  that  v  ad- 

l  to  WM  the  reference  of  tha  boundary  dis- 
H?1*  :•.    h.^    interview 

iJiL^!111  ' 

r  broached  the  subject  of  the  boundary 
*•*«.  »«  «»s  informed  that  "  England  is  not 
*w«tb»t  »"T  *ji*-h  nation  an  V- 

*  admit  that  therp  is  any  que^ 

tho  two  countries."    fhe  line 


u 

the  Amacuk*,  west  of  Point 


Barium.     Sofior  Mi.  lielena.  a  confident  ia 
.a.  reopnied  informal  nepit  iai . 
i    in    lyi::.     Lord  •!    ih,. 

front  irrwrst  of  the  Amamka  and  in  the  interior 
a-    far  as  the  Source   of  Ciimano   n\.  r  and   the 

:    to   arliit  i. 
^ardinu' territory  we>t    of  that    line.     Tie 

n  a.u'enl  abandoned   lu>  fruni.  —  mi  — ion  in 
a\  in;,'  at    the   I-'. .1 .  i-n   <  Hlice    a 
declaration  protesting  against  t  he  pro<-ee.l, 

•lony  of  Briti>h  (iuiuna  as  encr->a<  Innnits 
ii|N>n  the  "soil  of  the  republic, 
the  claim   of  the    British   (iovernmenl  that  that 

part  Of  the      •  ••••loIIL-ed    to    I'.ntl^ll   <. 

and    laying   ujtoii   the    I'ritish   Government    the 
ri-pon-iliility  for  the   incidents  that  miul 

in   the   future   from   the   neee  — ity    to   \\llH-h 

/iiela  was  driven  to  oppose  the"  di-p- 

a  part  of  her  territory  an  J  pr<-\  ide  lor  h.  i 

imate  di-fi-nsc. 

Aft.-r    the   failure   of   the   Michelena    m 
/uela  repeatedly  brought   tin-   contr 
to  the  notice  of  the  (i(i\-eniment  in  \V 
in-i.-tin.u'  "n  it-  importance  to  tin-  I'nil.-d 
as  well  as  to  Ven.v.uela,  and   reprcM-iil. •, ; 
_  reached  an  acute  Ma.ue.     The  mini 
St.. Fanny's  was   informally  in>t meted   tc. 
all  his  influence  in  the  dir.  ctj,.n  of  the  r. 
ii-hiudit    of  diplomat  ic  in' 
of   arbitration.      On    July    1::.    L8»4, 
(Jre-ham  wrote   to    M  • .  "I  can   d 

but  two  equitable  solutions  of  the  j.: 

<  >iic    i>   the  arbitration  of  tin 

of  the  disputants  as  t :  :\-c  inooes.- 

Holland  and  Spain  over  the  region  in  ipe 

The   other  i<  \»  create  a    new  boundary  lim-   in 

accordance  with  the  dictates  of  mutual  < 

ency  and  consideration.     The  two  governments 

having  so  far  been  unable  to  agree  upon  .. 

ventional   line,  the   mii^N-iit    and   c 

ad vooaoy bv the  rnite.i  stairs  and  ! 

the  principle  of  arbitration   and   th> 
thereto  in    settlement    of    important    ipi< 
ari-inu'  between   them,   makes  sU,-h   a  IIP 
adjustment  espedally appropriate  in  the  pi 

instoi 

The  authorities  of  r.ritixh  (luiana  in  18fl 
tablished  a  police  station  at  Vurnan. 
lion    of    the    Yuriian    and    ^'urllari    ri\.i 
iniN-s  bey..nd  the  Schombiir^k   line  and  out-ide 
of  the   Aberdeen    and    (Jranville    lin.--.  ..r   any 
line  previously  claimed  by(ireat  Britain.  Warn'- 
•  from  the  Venezuelan  milita- 

<•!!  the  opposite  side  ,,f    the    Cnyuni  that   till-    U|»- 

prr  riiyuni  district  was  administered  b\ 
Tim-la  and    never    had    been    claimed    by 
Britain.     In  September  a   party  went   ov< 
arre-ted     In-pector    Barne*    an'«i    Siibiu-: 
I'.aker.  carrying  them  to  I'pata   for   tri.i 
soon  as  the   fa<-t-    b.-came    known    in    < 
peremptory  orders  were  sent  for  the  rd. 
the   prisoners,   who   were  thereupon    com! 
back  to  the  place  where  they  had  been  captured, 
and  were  ret.aid  for  the  loss  of  clothe*  an.: 
proiH-rty.      I'lu-  Kn^li-h   hauled  down  the 
ruelan    fln^  and   rai-ed  their  own    a^ain.     The 
leaders  of  the  raiding  party  were   order 
Caracas,  and  were  there  severely  punished.    In 
--lan.l  demanded  an  indemnity 
of  ITJ/HKJ  for  "the  arrest   and  impri-onn, 
-!ish  subjects  on  Knglish  territory." 


'• 


i./.i  T.I. A. 


had  i  mimd  .at.  ly 
Government  ..f  the  repa 
President  Crespo  demur 
nitv  and  especially  to 


informed  the  London 
tion  already  made,  and 
ed  to  pi  ndem- 

torna  in  which 

ment  of  Brit- 


dOMBdad,  implying  an  acknowledg 

••,,.'.-    \  onuUL      <•!•«  al     Britain 

then  proposed  arbitration  of  the  question  :  but 
t,,  thl  a  would  n<it  agree,  because  it 

would  likewise  assume  that  the  incident  occurred 

terrr 

Mining  began  in  1886,  and  since  the  rupture 
the  invading  miners  have  advanced  up  cnvum 
u-yond  the  Bohomborffc  hm-  until  they 
hare  reached  the  district  of  tlu-  Callao  mine. 
owned  in  great  part  by  the    KnjrlMi   linn   of 
Rothschild,  whirli  has  long  been  worked.  pn- 
4  $30,000,000,  by  a  company  that  holds  its 
concession  from  and  pays  royalties  to  th. 
taelan  Government    All  the  streams  flowing 
•  •ivuni.   the    Mazaruni.    the    Barima. 
and  the  Amaruka  an-  rich  in  p>ld.     Th.-  w..rk  is 
lankly  d.-nc  f-T  tin-  Knglish  miners  by  imported 
.•ntract  laborers.    The  output  rose  from 
fll-J.ooo  in   1886  to  nearly  $500.000  in  1888. 

•duct  for  the  first  five  years  was  $v 

«"»'.    In  1893  $2,400,000  was  taken  out  :  in  l^.M, 

$2.485.<  NN  i.     A  I.  out    10,000  laborers  were  em- 

ployed in  the  diggings  in  1805.  Th.  richest  field 

Yuruari  district,  the  farthest    within  the 

Venezuelan  claim.  tx>rdering  on  settled 

zuelan  territory,  and   this  is  now  entireh 

ered  l>y  minim;  claims.     Tin-  only  min- 

,-h   (iuiar.a   is  in   this   part    of   the 

d  territory  that   lies  mostly  west  of  the 

,k   line",  and  was  never  claimed   nor 

id  until  after  the  gold  discov- 

eries.   The  British  colonial  authorities  look  to 

this  new  industry  of  gold  mining,  at  the  extreme 

limit  of  their  territorial  claim  in  this  region,  to 

•  «•  the  decay  and  bankruptcy  of   British 

Guiana,  when-,  in  -pile  of  the  -.'old  exports  the 

t«.l«l  exports  have  fallen  off  from  $r<?.f><M>.000  in 

1891  to*ll.7<Ni.<MKi  in  1894,80  rapid  is  the  de- 

cline of  the  sugar  industry,  which  has  been  the 

H  only  source  of  wealth,  and  ha-  n< 

resuscitated  by  supplant  in-  free  negro  labor  with 

contract   coolie   UMOT.  •  states  are 

rapid..  it    of  cultivation,  the  acreage 

baring  dumm-hed   from  7H.500  a.-n-  in  1884  to 

69300  in  1894  and  about  60,0(M)  in  i  *•:•:,.  when 

the  process  Mill  continued  rapid  rate, 

lie  prospect  of  a  reduction  of  lo.(MK)  acres 

more  in  the  course  «.f  another   \.-ar.     I 

Joseph   II.  Chamberlain;  the   British   Colonial 

try.  has  nrpd  the  building  of  a  rand  from 

th*  Barima  to  the  Cuvuni  for  the  development 

of  the  northwest  district  of  Uriti-h  (iuiana.as 

Ite  mining  region  i-  ,-alled.     In  a  di-pat.-h  to 

.  ......  na  in  September, 

Mft,  he  said  it  would  be  necessary,  in  opi 
rookie  adeooatel?  for  the  safety  of  the  di- 
•ad  seeore  It  against  in<-ur>i«.n.  to 
the  txbtinic  police  and   t  kwmokl   at 

^aniwjaodatooeor  \\hen 

on  of 

Ike  Colonial  Gorrrnmont  prompted  bythit  me*-* 
M«e  to  buy  c.uirk.flring  and  On 

th^  latter  to  the  frontier,  it  was  vig- 

ot»pr~,l  br  Che  electire  members,  who 

I  would  be  folly  to  make  a  show  of 

wee  on  the  \  cnewwlan  frontier,  which  could 


only  l»e  reached  by  three  weeks'  traveling 
through  the  lui»h.  one  of  them  prophesying  that, 
the  fir>l  ne\s>  they  wmild  ^'et  of  the  (iatli: 

would  In- .  •  itited  as  a  curi. 

Ciudad  Boli\.,!.      Mr.  ( 'hamlierlain.  considering 
that   there  was  not   enough  capital   in    I 
(itiiana  or  anioiii:  the  advi-ntureix  \\h<>  \\ . 
tracted  to  the  gold  flrlds  to  dcvvhip  the  mines 
with  desirable  rapidity,  >*et  about  seek  in- 

in    Midland   prepare. 1    to 
capital  Mini  the  collection   ..f  a    lair   p-i' 

Id   field   iii  the    northucst    tli-trict.     Th,. 
white   or    Kuropean-born    populalioii   of    I 
(imaiia  in  is'.U   wax  'J.-VUl.  while   (In  ' 

\fricans,   105,46.")   Mast    Indian-,  an<; 
Chinese. 

ies  Callao.  there  are  other  mine-  h 
xuelan  (iuiana  worked   l>y  l-'rench.  Mnu'li-h.  and 
nelan    companies.      l-]\cept    in    the    t.. uns 
and  mining  settlement-,  the  country  i-.  in! 
only  by  a   few   priini1  .     The   inn 

forests   of   the    upper    Ciiynni   district,   rich    in 
quinine,  rubber,  cinnamon,  and  sarapia.  are  nn- 
exploit.-d.  owin.u'  to   the   lack   of  tran-p.  r 
facilities.     A  railroad  has  I" •« -n  |.pije«'i.-d 
170  miles  from  the  OriinK-c,  to  the  Vuruati,  pass- 
ing through  the  towns  of  St.  Felix.  I 
sipati.  ami  Caratal.      American   com|,;ini< 
obtained  CO!  ,cl..pment  of  \\\h 

lands,  forests,  and  mines  in  thU  region.  The 
<  >rin<>co  ( lompany  has  a  grant  of  L 4,400.000 acra^ 

The   Maiio;i  ^rant.  which    lap-c.l   an: 
ward  ;  1.  covered  almut  l-l.dOd.om • 

near  the  month  of  the  (irinoco. 

The   fuilrd  States  Coli^ros  on    M. 

in  a  joint    resolution,  declared   that   "th. 
dent's  suggestion  thai  (Jn-at   Britain  and 
zuela  refer  their  disputes  as  to  boundaries  to 
friendly  arbitration   be  earnestly  recomn 
t..  the  favorable  consideration  of  both  parties  in 
inter. 

On  July  'JO.  isiir,.  Secretary  O!:  letter 

to   the    American    ambassador    at    London,   in 
which    he    siid    it    is    impossible    to    treat    th.; 
Schomburgk  line  as  a  matter  of  ri^fli' 
thini:  but  a  line  originating  in  «-on-idcrat  • 
conveni. -ncc   and    expediency  :  1  liat    • 
otln-r  boundary  lines  suggested  by  (J real   Britain 
were  prof)osed  as  conventional   line-    to  which 
the   assent    of  Yenc/uela  was  desired,  u 
manded  as  a  matter  of  ri^ht  :  and  neither 

for    a    boundary    line    predicated    UDOfl 
'-trict    le«:al   riurl  '  '.'itain  ha\iii-  f«.nnu- 

lated  no  such  claim,  and  Vene/uela  in-i-i 

-'•<juil»o  line  only  as  a  concession  t.    * 
Britain,   trranted   out  .lion    and    pru- 

retary  of  State  unaly/i ••!  : 
nation  as  follows: 

1.  The  title  to  territory  of  imlefin 

in   di-pir 
Britain  on  the  one  hund  an<l  tin-  S«.uth   . \iner; 

f'tllilie  fit'  \'e||C/Uelll  (ill  the  .  ' 

-'.  The  .li-juirity  in  tlie  stren^tli  of  tin 

Hlioh  ti  la    ejin    liope  to  c-tJihli- 

only  th  rough  |.«-jieeful  method«— throagh  an  ajrree- 

iiient  with  her  a-l\ 

iif»on  an  arliitra: 
3.  Tl 

•  Britain'  ha-  exicted   t'»r  nr 
.'V.  "lurinir  wJiieh   p«-ri'Kl   many   . 

:  Vi-iie/m-lu  to  establish  a  boundary 
by  agreement  have  proved  unsuccessful. 


- 


"he  endeiTor  in  ohteln  • 


•  '  eKeln  a  eaavea.     rwawUM  UU  *a*M.  •  »« t    ...  inirtwi  *  «* 

'  *Ifruft_  4   ^     r    « 

~»»4  •••!*••      »eej|  far  •>.  w»  idiTiLi  E^^nT? 

— '  -  r rt«  JLI  IT,  T 

««MlldlMHi» 

•-'    '•  '     '         '    '          - 


-.-«•  had  alrrailr  dour  all  that  A 
,!   mtrrvt  in  lln-  art 
inV-.l.ui  tin-  Socr«urypo4nio.l 
-•ttltil  national  i-hry.  I«M>' 

iiattonaJ  law  that  a 
•  «e  in  a  controvert?  bit  ween 
ut   i*  done  or  pro- 

v.  trnn<|Uil  ;««ed  the 

i«m,bl 


SUt«e  to  .,-  that  the  in.  «!•, » t»m  fc  « .  I   .    I  taw 

"•I""   '•                        «»•  rnnnwllM  efmr  IJM»M  irmTifc  iaS 

'tlantajc-  ,  i       Tl  i  bthaiei  el  tWiUa.  aejj  fl^^^M 

n.i.ln—,  ana  dediindaivVi feTeOTrtto £M** A* 


. 

men 

s  nn.l  Prarident  Monroe,  in  hi- 

which 

lonciattHl  in  th«-  f> 


•     _._  ..  k— M.^—  .^A^g^aaMtt 

I  !•    ••  •>  «*-     if  «• 

k     •  •^a  »^  .* ^     a  A^.^^B^g^B^Bk  ^••^••^e^a^^ek  Lei    fl^^a* 


lioBbM  rrlationa  eneung  eeiwv 
^•«Dd  thoe»  ; 

^•fr  »' 

•.hall  not  ialerlbri 

aine.1  it.  an.l 
•  i.lrralioo 

purpw*  of  oppminir   them,  or 

than  a»  the  eML 

>f   an  '.    t«w»r»    the    Ce*M 

,nj  to 

van  adopte.1  N(  an  .ar'.y  »tatf\  of  the 

lo  long  agitated  that  quarter  of  the  fioee. 


74S 


VENEZUELA. 


:etl  to  the  world  the  most  conspicuous  and 
coin  lustre  eiam pie  and  proof  of  the  excellence 
instituUons,"  If  the  forcible  intrusion 
of  European  powers  is  to  be  deprecated  and 
should  be  resisted,  resistance  must  come  from 
the  t  ;  "nly  ha>  the  adequate 

Strength,  nnd  Mr.  Olney  declared   that  the  safety 
and  welfare  of  the  t  ales  are  so  con- 

cerned «>th  the  maintenance  of  the  independ- 
ence of  Mierican  state  eg 
pean  power  as  t  .md  require  the  tater- 

n  of  the   United  States  whenever  that 

:  n    1.       He    defined    the 

position  of  the  United  States  further : 

Xate*  in  pr:< 
and  it*  fiat  is  law  UJK-I. 

K>  which  it  confine*  it*  Interposition.     Wh\ 
not  because of  the  pure  fri.-n.Uhip  or  ^-.1  will  felt 
for  it.    h  in  not  simply  by  reawm  <:  harac- 

tcr  as  a  civilised  state,  nor  because  wisdom  at 
tioeaod  rquitv  are  the  invariable  character!- 

.ill  other  grounds,  it.s  infinite  resource*, 
combined  with  its  isolated  pne.iti.-n.  render  it 
of  the   situation    and    practically    inviilneruhle    a* 
against  any  or  all  other  i 

oftliif  are  at  once  Imperiled  if  the  princi- 

"   be  admitted  that  Kumpean  powi  \\.i-t 

-ican  states  into  colonies  or  provinces  of  their 
The  principle  would  be  ciurerlv  availed 


He  pictured  ti  .-s  that 

ln-fall  the  I'nited  States  were  the  strug- 
gle now  going  on  for  the  acquisition  of  A  In- a 
transferred  to  South   America,  when   all   South 
America  might  l*»  (lartitioned  among  European 
powers,  one  of  the   least  of  which  would  be  the 
loss  of  prestige,  of  authority,  of  weight  among 
the  councils  of  nations,  for 'then  "our  only  real 
rivals  in  peace  as  well  as  enemies  in  war  would 
be  located  at  our  very  doors";  then  "we  too 
Banned  to  the  teeth,  we  to.,  must  con- 
vert the  flower  of  our  male  population  into  sol- 
and   sailors,   and   by    withdrawing    them 
;n-aceful  industry  we  too  must  practically 
annihilate  a  large  share  of  the  product 

'  tin-  nation."  H.-  pointed  out  that  if  the 
>tl  control  at  stake  involves  the  command  of 
the  mouth  of  the  Orinoco,  it  isof  immense  conse- 
quence in  connect  ion  with  the  whole  r:\.r  naviga- 
tion of  the  in-  r:r  of  South  America.  Should 
Great  Britain  insist  that  it. too, is  a  South  Amer- 
ican state,  he  argued  that,  if  the  boundary 
question  can  not  be  herwise  than  by 

force,  British  Guiana,  with  her  indejx'ndcnt  re- 
sources, should  be  left  to  set  tie  it  with  Yene/uela; 
but  the  proposition  that  a  European  power 
with  an  American  dependency  is.  for  the  pur- 
poses  of  the  Monroe  doctrine,  to  be  classed  as 
an  American  state,  he  thought,  did  not  ad;: 

»«os  discussion.  '  v  Huro^-an  power 

baring  a  South  American  colony,  or  am 
can  procure  a  fraction  of  s.'uth  An 

roluntary  cession,  would  be  enabled  to 
to  pnesseiium  indefinitely,    The  decla- 
nUnn  in  th«  Monroe  message  tl. 

dependencies  would  not  be  i 

L^UnlM0010,"1**  or  *«P">d«>ciei  then  ex- 
ilhthm  limits  a* 

clear  that  the  United  States  may 
bfiUmately   insist   anon  the   merits   of    the 


U.undary  (juestion  U-ini:  determined, SecreUtft 
Olney  declared  that   tin-  only  feasible  m 

determinim:    llu-iii     i  -fill    ari.it  nil  ion. 

•n\ent  ional  adjustment  having  been  found 

impracticable,  and  an  appeal   \«  anus  \v- 
only  condemnable  as  a  relic  <>f  barbarism,  but 
-t  could  nut  In-  invii. 

•  v.  ii  a-  rcpt<  .1  b\    <,!,;,!    r.nlain   without   dMinet. 
disparagement    't.i     her     as    a    civili/rd 

rlmits.  he  wrote,  that    lh.  : 
contp  thai    arl'ilralion    should 

sorted   to  for  ii-  adjustment  :  Imt  the  pi •;, 
••f  this  attitude   is  nullified  by  her 
Mat.  as  a  condition  of  arl.itratr 
to  a  part  of  the  disputed  territory,  t  h< 
shall  be  turned  over  t«»  her.  consisting  of 
lorv    that     has    always     and     «-«.n-Ment !  \ 
claimed  liv  \"eiie/u«-la.      It  is  intimated  that  the 
claim  of  (Jreat  Britain  to  this  particular  t. 
ipon    an   ",<U|,ation     which,    whetl, 

•  |iiiesc,.d    in  or  not.  has  ripened   in: 
title  by  long  continuance  :  but,  even  if  pi . 
tion  affecting  territorial  rights  can  i« 

ist    bet\\er:, 

sequence  is  "  iiot    that    all   arbit  mi  I..M   >•),, 
denied,  luit  only  that  the  subtiiis-i-  >n  should  em- 
braoe  an  additional  topic,  namely,  the  validity 
of  the  asserted  prescriptive  title  either  in 
of  law  or  in  " 


its  political   rights  over  its  territory  has   . 
tincncy  when  the  interests  or  the  territon 
involved  can  n-.t  appreciablv  affocl  l>y  tl,. 
its  honor  or  power,  as  (i  real  Britain  hassh' 
arbitrating  the  extent  of  her  colonial  pos-., 
twj.-e  with  the  t'nited  States,  once  with  T'ortu- 
gal.  and  once  with  Germany.    The  attiti. 
sinned  by  (ireat  liritain  in  refusing  Jo  ar 
unless  a  part  of  the  debatable   land, 
by  herself,  is  fir-?    abandoned   to  her.  see 
Mr.    Olney    to   deprive    Yene/ucla   of    1,, 
.  and  put  her  under  virtual  duress. 
Lord  Salisbury  did  not  answer  Mr.  <>ln< 
til  the  points  raise. 1   had  be.-n  carefully  < 
ereil  by  the   law  officers  of   the   ('n.wn.      In  t  he 

f  two  not.-s.  both  dated  Nov. 
dealt  with  the  Monroe  doctrine,  which.   : 
lieved.  had    never  before    been    advanced   in  a 
written    communication   addressed    to    another 
government,  and  which   had  undergone  a 
ble  development  since  iv 

The  formation  r,f  the  Holy  Alliai 

••aeh    and    Veronu.    ii  • 
Kraii.-e   for  the  purjM.se  ..f  t'-.r.-iiiL'  upon  the  ;• 

J.e.,p]e    u  form  of   (government    whiell   seellie.l   Ii 

•  li-a]  ;  it    wa.-*   sustained    l.\ 

•'•••  sh  in   the  mill.: 

roe  v  MH-.I  hi-  <•<  l.-l. rated  tnossagi 

n  of  wliieh  lie  sj.eaks.  and  of  w  h  i 
lutel?  deprecates  the  application  to  • 
OOntUtent,  was  the  system  then  adoj.te.l  l.y 

tul  states  upon  tl 
Dinhlf  to  prevent   l.y  • 

.-ountrief*  of  political    inst  - 
dislike.l,  and  to  uphold  l.y  external  pressnr 
whi.-li    they   ujiprovcd. 

i.-a  had  reei-ntly  deelared  th<-ir  i' 
and  tli at  i:  rcCOgni 

the  jfoven,-  -j'ain    and    i 

with  Hinull  ' 

minally  subject.      It  w 

aginary  danger  that  he  foresaw  if  )M- feared  t 
same  spirit  which  had  dicta1 


.«     -•.,'.• 


II  ..I  ,»..\ ,  f  J. 

•I  •*»» 


K      ' 

•- 


!r  thai  Mr. 
•j  should  ii 
•  ao  high  a  popularity  »uh  hi.  own 

•  t  the  danf»r»  appftbended  by 

no   rrUn..ii    to    tr.r 
•.iiijrt  "»  « 

-..-/u.-lii,    l.ut    t 
repul  .-xuela"ar. 

xwkUritawtti 

rraotfcr 

,         'I   •..-:•..•.'  -. 


pule,  nii.l  mi.1 

Uon  of  it  which  mv.^>  |  8talM    •»  Uae  koj 

novel    j.r.T..-  dtOH 

ntirr  diffi-n-n.f 

Baropeaji    j  hare   with  a  South    "»« 

erican   oomtniuuty   t..  nrl.urntion,  be  die-    brr 

'.a 

national    mb.      la 
.  hariiiir  never  Ut>n  rtfo.M.i/,,!   • 


are  affected  he  h<  1<1  t. 
•ned  by  the  fact  that 


r  intafHli 

AD  territory,  and  be  protojtr«l  ao<n^ 

.it  A  |iermanrn( 
leal  union  between  a  European  AIM!  • 

ni'l  uiiniitunil. 
meat  i«»n  bet 

t,  JAIIIAI.  • 

innatural' 

mit  t  •  i  Staieaare 

Beoeeaarily  coneenifi 

may  arise  between  anr  two  i.f  the  »utr* 
ii   in  the  weetern  br»i- 

irv  entitl- 

that  the  |-rii*i»v*  of  Arbitmtton  «h«ll  U-  • 
• 

-ib  •eoond  note  Lor 

Ired  no  titlr  fn«m  S|*m.  I»OM»W 
t  aeeerted  ownrr 

cwl  uj--n  thr  prtnci- 

.-  vholt  of  tbe  A 
teiritorronthat 


•••^aiarily   l»- 

.»nstituto.l  r    in 

»mrgk  line  he 


if    «« 


UAtVU     tO     th* 


fRZURLA. 


• 

>le  to  •  froctrorwjr  intt.Uiuf  ih«  tMMuivy        I*  ifc» 

• 

*tm.c   uj..i.   »»„.-»,   *r   ..,.,..    h   Z     .-   . 

..I    Ml 


.u   r,if..r  ,„..,.-.     ...... 

r  MJ  gjjgjg  h  ••V>mj»  tW  I^^V.M.MA^ 

"**    WiBWBOBB   MlU    lo*    IWMkfVll  MMIto  uf  ttto  4hHIHL 

Otlf  OMlUMti  ¥•  few  fl/  flMW^^MM.  ^M^^IV  ^tm.i 


- 

I*  «mf  IM«b.      --^TE'.^Mf 


ur  j...,,,   ..,i  li         • 


•  -•••  •  :   • 


!  i 


.?  r  t,"tJ I  MM  •*••**  *•  B« 


\  ERMONT, 


The  Congress  having  unanimously  null. 
the  appointment  of  ooinintssionei 

mionnl  line  between  Hi 

t  \      ...        .  !,  Ill    app.-inte.l    a    eom- 

inissinn  onmntnrH  as  follows:  Justice  Da 
Brewer,  of  the  I'mird  Suites  Supt 
Chief-Just  i  '      ••'  "f  A  pj  teals  of 

.     ,     •  ,  i.ia:     \ndrew    I ».   \N  hit''.  ,,f 

Frederick  ft.Coudert.of  N.-w  V.-rk; 

..man.  President  «'f  Johns  II. .j.- 

•-.  admitted 

:i  Mnn-h  4.  17JM  ;  area,  9,565  square 
1»iW     The  populan 

oaanlil  census  since  admission,  was  154,465  in 
1800;  SI 7395  in  i-i»:  -j; ::..!••;«; 
in  1880;  881,948  ...  1 

09*inl880;850,v.l  m   IHI  -U  in  1880; 

and  888,488  in  1890.    Capital,  Montpelkc. 

mill.  ni. -The  following  wen  tin-  stair 

officer*  during  the  year:  Governor,   t 'rl.an    A. 

•ileiianl  <i.»\ernor.    /"phar     .M . 

Maa*t. 

!  rnell,  -Ir.:  1 
I;  Auditor.  Franklin  D. 
Adjutant  < Jem-nil.  T.  >.  Peck;  Superin- 
tendent of  !  Mas,.,,  S.  -  ,nk  In- 
spector, Frederick  K.  Smith;  Railroad  Commis- 
sioner mil.  < »ri..n  M.  •  harles 
J.  Bell:  Cliii-f  .Justice  <>f  the  Supreme  Court, 
Jonathan  Ross;  Associate  Justice-,  .lohn  \V. 
Kowell.  Russell  S.  Tuft.  Henry  K.  Start.  1,  11. 
Thompson.  J  nines  M.Tyler,  Loveland  MUII-...H 
— all  Republicans. 

I  manoes.— The  total  State  expenses  for  the 
par  ending  June  30,  1895,  were  $683,863.67. 
«t  of  the  ire  of  1894  was  $58,- 

815.04.  The  payments  into  the  treasury  l.y 
towns  of  all  profits  upon  the  sales  of  liquors  in 
excess  of  10  |«  r  oent,  according  to  the  law  of 
1894,  amounted  to  only  $54436,  many  towns 
having  reduced  the  selling  prices.  Th*  >•-!  nuat  .- 
i.f  the  IMC..III..  for  the  year  1895-'96  from  State 
and  corjH .ration  taxes  place  it  at  $520,000. 

Education.— The  number  of  public  schools 
in  the  ,'X» ;  t  he  aggregate  cost  ii 

was  $476.478.08;  in  1892  it  hao!  ri*,-n  to 
480.18,  and   in   1894  to  $788.^  this 

amount,  $561.809.89  was  fiaid  to  teach 
1894,     The  number  of  children   in   parochial 
bS.Ha     In  1^-J  it  wn-  Iheex- 


peoditore  per  capita  of  population  in  1H90-'91 
was  $2.18.    The  total  valuation  of  school  prop- 

11.032.086.95. 

<  Rarities.— Preparations  for  th.  completion 
of  the  insane  asylum  at  Waterbury  were  finished 
«ariy  in  the  year,  and  the  contract  was  let.  The 
KUie  has  bought  a  farm  of  60  acres  ad  join  in- 
tlss  asylum  prot-  rtv  for  $7,000.  The  cost  or 
finishing  the  building*  will  be  about  $90.000. 

The  report  of  the  Soldiers'  1 1  ... ing- 

Urn,  shows  that  the  number  cared  fordurii. 
fear  WM  127;  the  number  «,f  inmates  June  30, 
••  **•  104.    Poor  had  died,  and  18  were  in 
The  receipts  for  the  year  end  ing  June 

duding  t2.065.65  cash  on  h 
UM  beinnntnf  of  the  fiscal  year,  were  $18,-r> 

•  WBoant  on  hand  was  $800.64,  from  whi«-h 
^^•ars  that  th«  current  expenses  and  ordi- 
amount«l  to  $17^17^7.    The  cost 
as  $22$.0& 


Insurance,      l-'in-  Insurance  r..mj.anie<  havo 

•1    that    l  ln-ir  l<'sxrs    ineurrnl   in 

'lit    ami  I!  '  In-  liii-iiH-ss 

largely  exceed    the    iin-iniuin-.      In    IS|.M   tho 

pnmiomi   ainoimi,.,|    to    >  .:    lli.-  losses 

incurred  were  $7Hl.:. ; 

ol  l  In-  I'l-i-iiiiuiii-.     Individual  iiotanci-s  ai  • 

of  losses  In  :..|.   in 

:  -       •:nj.ani«".    .li.iii- 

ness  in  the  Slate,  the  losses  exceed  thr  prciniuins 
in  vary  in-  aiii«<:. 

Thr"  n-jMirt    "f    the    National    Life    In-. 
Compa  rmont,  \\lueh  has  hern  in 

ness  for  forty- five  years,  shows  that  the  : 
sets  aggregated  at'  the  i,.  f   thu  year 

'i.\635.60.    It  hat!  recei\e.l  durin-  the  year 
It     had    paid     in    .1. 

ired     rlldoWlnrllt^     a  I. 

remlereil     jHiliei-  111     Mir|. 

turned.   ^rj-J.i;:.  ng  $1.206,1 

n-turnecl  t<>  |ioliryholdn>.     The  total  ex 
had     heeil    $651,171.63.       ! 
crued.  unrr|M,rted  an«l  defrrn-d   prnniiiii 

Rrriniuin  <«n  stork-  ami  h..n«l«.  a-urr« •_ 
11.11.  iiiakin-  the  gross  assets  $11 
Thr  total    liabilities  as  to  poliryhol.i 
ing  computed  reserve  (actuaries  4  per  < ••  •  i .  • 
216.920.10.  and  .  lile-ralr  , 

menu,  x:r,j.-jK;.:,j.  v, 
a  -in-plus  i .|  p,.r  cent)  of  xl.l-ii.Tl  l ..• 
putrd  at  4j  prr  cent., 
now  iii  fo]  .Mirin-   ^(' 

!»."»(>.      In   new  ln>ine>x  tin-  foil,, win-  i-   t 
on!  for  isJM:   I'«ilieies  i— u.-d  and  n-vive.i 
in-urin-  .^  11. ;i;:i. '.'!»; ;  increase  in  gross    • 
assets,  $1,158,824.70:  increase  in  surplus.  $396.- 
621.66;  increase  in  intn-r-t  rrceivrd. 
The    -airi    durin-   the   year  of    the   nun;1 
policir-  in  foi-r.  ;n   insurance  in  force, 

:    in   receipts   from    premiums,   $83,- 
Thi- payment  for  death  claims  wa 
!«::i.l!«  Isfll  than  in   ls!»:{.  hut  pavmeiits  t<.  i 

holders  $117,968.18  more. 

Industries   and   rrodnrls.     The    rep 

\'i<-tor  1.  S:  -ary  of  the  lioard  of 

culture,  shows  that  $1,142,650  was  inv-'cd  dur- 
ing 1894  in  new  manufacturing  enterprises  and 
that  employment  is  pvi-n  hy  them  to  l.::r,7  p,.r- 
The  amount  <.f  new  capital  in\r-trd  is 
nearly  three  times  the  amount  for  ls'.<:!.  with 
more  than  douhle  the  niimher  <>f  employees. 
Durin-  the  four  years  just  past  $3,10K: 

:     was     inv.-ird.    ^ivin-    emp|o\  ni'-nt    to 
5.264  persons.     The  1  indu>tn- 

dertaken  wen-  tin-  c.,nmi  mill  at  Burlington  and 
the    furniture    facto!  ,,111.    the    f..ninT 

with  a  capital  of  $400,000,  and  the  latter  with 
$250,000. 

numtjcrof  farms  sold  in  ]s(i4  was 
of  which  l.V)  were  unoccupied.     The  tola 
of  this  class  of  farms  in  t 
Th-"- 

••    dwellin-s  oj.rn    for   guests  during  the 
summer. 

:i-  of   the   year  then-   w.-re    11>0 
dairy  factories  in  the  g  ^'  u\\\\<  from 

a  I .« ,ii  t  1 00,000  cows,  and  several 
during  the  year.     The  largest  is  at  St.  Alhans, 
where  11  tons  of  butter  were  made  in  a  single 
dav  in  1895. 

uont  is  interested  in  the  sugar  bounty,  as 


rumour. 

one  tlnr<l     ' 

'.i.-  .,..urrii»  have  been  npaiiid  in 
1  ltl<  ixriier  and 

DOM  of  toe  city  i»  $UBjS71«HL    Montpri 

flnUhed  in  lV,.  SB  ih« 

1  hom  »*   \\ 
"  Academy  of  Design  in 


•it*  who  may  wbh  to  copy  tbew  work*  of 
. 

videtl  the  library  at 


- 


i  gallery  wa*  opeoed  formally 
collection  oootaiOJi  $4  oil  |«jnt- 
11  etching*,  and  7  water  colon.    Th- 

K.of  the  donor 

inr.-l.iion    «n,l    execution;  but       f    • 

tiere  are  14  oopiea  from  the  *• 

r  gift    to  tl,,-  ,*,.ir 

•o(t^'«-   ho,,,-  .tl.    ,s         ...  .  f 

( he  year  at  a  ruat  of  OQjOOO  to 


na.iit    ia    \*yu     tjril  «A  m  Mais 

^^i^SS«S! 


n  of  o,  ,,., ,,i ,  w 

CS  "f 


_  ,, 

J..«i,  U,  *•  i  ; 
A.ljouuii  1*+**, 

+•>.    CummlmA  i   r   «tf 


..f   tl,,    statntrn.     T!.. 

d  by  the  <.  in.l  accepted  by  UM 

-.»4,  wln.-h  k'nv,.  th.  c-opyiothe 

l«  Boundary.— Th.    H-.i. 

!  •mi>- 
and  MaasauhuM'tta  llni'h.-l  K<  «<-rk  in  tt>. 

l->int  of  the  three  i 
xed  on  the  west  Unk  of .  'onnectteot 
•at  of  the  South  Vertion  lUilmad 

v -water  mark.     A  inoniin. 
Monry  will  be  put  <)•  -«il.  rearb- 

»  the  surface;  then  a  pr 
ir  of  granite  w  to  be  erected,  referring  lo 
otual  ounier.      AUutt  60   moiiumrnt*  ar« 
erected  between  Vermont  »n.l  .Manarhu* 

-  .|,-fin,-,i  t  rtu.'tit  and 

ichuft-i  .n.tiK'h  tho  Udioi*  room  of 

•  ti  at  S-ii'h  \  <  rtion. 

ii  n  in  ir  ton  buttle  liar.— The  la«f  lx«ie- 
)  made  a  law  prorfding  that  Au*.  It 
IN-  a  legal  holi«i  Ben* 

Dn-batlle  Day.  aiul  it  ««.-  M)obavrrt«l  tin. 

•m   lUtife 

ment  Aavooiatlon  abowg  that  the  rvr4|rti 
ffoiton  are  more  than  sufficient  to  i«y  «x- 


I^g^Utur 
»  iiml  3.     It  «a* 


hygy  m  m*  ***S& 

iZ^l^attf.Tr^Vi 


• 


waTa  pnx^sion  in  t  he 
about    MM)  in   lino,  and 
xsxv.— 48  A 


n.     T%m 


fc  ,  ,  •    • 


VIRGINIA, 


unfunded  bonds  reduced  one  third  for  West  Vir- 
was  $l.o.  amount    of 

interest  outstanding  '1.  $1.- 

624,252.67;  toUl, $5,652,4 7(Ul  M  held 

C nited  States  Government,  in  tni.it   for 
certain  Indian  triU»s,  l'oii<ls  .,f  the  > 
irinia,    which,    with    interest    to   .Inly    1. 
amounted  to $1,493,678,  two  thud- of  which,  de- 
ducted from  (if  ,'  amount  of  >• 

..*  $1,655,3:.  1.7  I.     The  I.it.-rarv  fund 
:..tal  in  U.ndsand  a  loan  of  $ 

Valuations— t'nd.-r the  reassessment  < 
the  total  value  of  land,  town  1..I-.  and  buildings 
wa«  fixed  at  $189.571.111!!  in  the  counties  and 
a?!  r:.i'.)rt..V-.M  in  the  cities,  an  aggregate  of  $802,- 
068.140.  The  land  books  of  1H1>5  fixed  this  total 
at  $313.182.840,  of  which  $302,753,610  was 
charged  agnin-t  white  persons  and  $10.1 . 
against  colored.  The  total  assessed  valuation 
of  personal  property  was  $88,132.476,  of  which 
$79.958,026  was  charged  against  white  persons 
and  $3.174.450  against  colored  persons.  Of  the 
aggregate  tax  assessed  ($1.!-  •  he  amount 

against  white  persons  was   $1.808,234.21,  and 
against  colored  persons  $174,80*'  10, 

Banks,— On  Oct.  81, 1895,  there  were  37  na- 
tional banks  in  operation  and  1(5  in  liquidation, 
banks  had  a  combined  capital  of  $4,- 
796300;  United  States  bonds  on  deposit,  $2,- 
096,750;  outstanding  circulation.  $1,992,339; 
excess  of  United  States  bonds  over  the  amount 
required,  $1,061.500;  loans  and  discounts.  $15,- 
67T.OI>:»;  coin  and  coin  certificates,  *- 
deposits,  $18329.545;  reserve  remiired,  $2.<>7 1 
488;  and  reserve  held,  $3,314,248.  Th.  state 
banks  on  July  11, 1895,  numbered  85,  and  had 
an  aggregate  capital  of  $6,503,896;  loans  and 
discount*,  $17.898,196;  resources,  $25,040,095; 
deposits,  $14,604,673;  and  surplus  and  iindi- 
Vidtd  profits,  $2,520,908.  The  State  banks  held 
a  total  of  $1.4!i3.63H  in  specie,  paper  currency, 
and  unclassified  cash.  The  aggregate  banking 
lie  State  was  $11,800,196. 

Education.— The  school  census  of  1895 
re  were  in  the  State  665,533 
children  of  school  age,  of  whom  3U7.030  were 
white  and  268,503  colored.  The  enrollment  in 
the  public  schools  was  285,588  white  children 
: 20,458  colored— total,  855,986:  and  the 
average  daily  attendance  was  187,880  whites  and 
64,700  colored— total,  202,580.  There  were  8,278 
public  schools  in  operation, 6.085  for  white  chil- 
dren and  3348  for  colored.  The  teachers  nu in- 
hered 8#B.  of  whom  6.211  were  white,  2,081 
colored,  8.089  males,  and  5,258  females.  Th. 
estimated  value  of  school  property  owned  by  dis- 
tricts vat  $SJ062£28.98 ;  revenue  of  the  school 
-  •-  '•  -MI.  f  l.*2 1.2*7.77:  and  expenditures  for  <ur- 
mit  expenses,  $1,622392^4  .  for  permanent  im- 
provements, $185,199.46:  total,  $1,807,  V 
At  the  close  of  the  school  year  1894  there  were 
9  UBfftnfeto  and  colleges  of  liberal  arts,  with  a 
Iwafm  processors  and  instructors  aad 
•todetiU  m  ^i  depart  roentm  of  whom 

*  and  208  females.    These  in-:  it ut  ion 

»  volume*  in  their  libraries,  $403.200  in- 
****d    in    *cientiflc    nppara'  i-     and     iibr 
£000  in  grounds  and  building!i.  and  fl 
B   prr-lu-tivo   funds,   and  from 

|S»4.17r>.  from    productive    funds 
id  from  Federal,  State,  and  other  ap- 


propriatioiis   $40.000  — total    income.   $!}'.' 
and    benefactions,    s.  'he     pnbli. 

31)  instructor-  and 

pupil-  :    If  .id. -lilies,    semilw- 

.ind    other    pm  Ian    s.-ho. 

with  MS  in-trn  B  pupils  in  sec. 

grades,  of  wh< 

\olume-  in    the   libraries:  and   the  colic- 
clu-ively   for  women.    11.   \\ith    I  IU   msiii 
tudeilts  in  all  d.-partmcnts.  ami  H.'.'i. 
nines  in  the  library-.     Ti,, 
mal  schools,  with  21   in-tructors  ami  27-1  -in- 
dents   in    the    normal    course    and    2»'.!»    in    the 
noiiprofrwsional   course  ;  and   2  pn\ 
Hampton     Normal     ami 


ii>t 

Institute  and  Hartshorn  Memorial  Coll.--' 
s7  in-true1  >I5  students  in  I  he  i 

course  and  423  in  the  noiiprofi-.-ional  • 
Commercial  and  business  colleges  numb- 
and  had  13  inMrudoi-  ami  ">I'J  -tudi-nt-  in  day 

classes  an  ning  classes.    The  flnancisl 

re|>ort  of  the  Virginia  Agricultural  and  M> 

ical  Colle-e  foi-tliex-hool  \ear  Is'.U    •'.»:»  sli 

pts  from    the   State".   *lv  m   the 

Tnited   Si,.  •nm.-iil.  under    tin- 

Congress  of  18(52.  $20,5(il>:  under  the  . 
1890,  >  .ml  for  support  of  experiment 

station,  $15,000:  anil    from   fees  and    ail 

source,.     *;-, 

tures  for  the  college  proper,  $6<i. 

periment   station.  ^(»..V.M— tot., 

Hampton    Normal    and    Agricultural    In-titute 

for  co],,|-e«l  viu.lents  and  Indians  had  w.-.. 

the  same   period   of  $10,32!)  from   th,    I 

Stale-  (Government   under  the  H 

$6,068  under  that  of  1890,  and  $121>|s  fn.ii. 

fees  and  all  other  sources — total,  with  balance 

of  $6,168  from  1894,  $145.013;  and  expenditures 

for  all  departments,  $128,852. 

The  main  building  of  the  Univer-ity  of  \"ir- 
.urinia.  at  Chariot t.-sville.  v.a-  dest roy.-ol  b\  : 
.'7.    The  institution  had 46 professoi 
instructors,  567  students,  53,000  volumes  in  its 
library,  $274,600  invested  in  productive 
income  of  $136,000,  and  benefactions  $.". 

Used  the    friends  of  tiie  ii 

sity  everywhere  and  elicited  prompt  and  liberal 
means  for  rebuilding  and  refurni-fiinir. 

>I  incral    Uc-oiirce-.       According  t    i  he  re- 

:    the    I'llited    States    (icoloLTJcal   Silt  - 

"Mineral    Ke-ources   of    the    1'nited    St;;1 
1894,"  i-siied   in    1  ><!•.").  X'irL'inia's  pnxlue; 
coal   ;,.  -h..rt    tons  val  I 

.  iiM-reascof  408.711  tons  in  .juantity 
and   $240,82^  in  value  over  the  output    of  the 
previous  year.    The  number  of  per-on<emi 
in  the  mines  was  1,635.  and  the  number  ol 

i    in    the   year  two   hundred   and    thirty- 
four.     Because  of  its  exemption  from  the  min- 
ers'strike,  the  I'«H-ahoi,ta-  field  increased  i1 
put  neai  ly  .">(»  per  c.-nt.  over  that  of  the  pr« 

:  from  77!i..V.»0 -l.ort  tons  to  1,15 
the  total  product  oft!.-  nr>.713shot 

were  lojuled   at   the   mines  for  shipment.  2 1 . Hi-' 
were  sold  to  local   tr  i   by  em;  i 

4,090  were  used  at  the  min 
and  1"  ;  burned  ii 

:   and  HX>  build- 
ing, used   2'  !'   coal,  and    had 
- •I.OIH  .|,ort    tons  of  coke,  valued 
at  $2tT>:717.     T:                  -.inked    fourth   in   the 


-, 


pr«-lu«  tj..:.  .  f  ir-  B      r 
tiirtl 

'p  in    I 
tj  be  prartu 


v» .  t .  in  I 


•i»e  fatal "' 

brll    aiul    lMiiMKl-1 


Ijraaal    teatat*aMa»«f  Tla^aaKeaalb. 
IpTwZ    •aKifiiHiiiMLaadiai 


5  plant*,  which  had  oaf*    tfcau* 

Common  am 
irtiH-r  and  ornamen 


•  Im.ti  HI,..  $lii.7u-, 

' 


H'ftr»~<»r«i  «a  fni'i  lag  tun***    a» 

II  reported  an  output  for  commerdal  sale  of  declared  thai  ih»  !**•  «•«»  ax  • 

40&897  gallons;  value.  180,718,  oaJoral  of***  t»«l«  «f  »*  «t«j  •*!  «*^H 

fl^4*ltl   TIWP  MuUttAT  JtllW  a?ff%jaia«l      A^M!     t^a^     i^a*     a\A^a^^s>^      ^^AeMsi 

•    v»^i*i»s||  ev  ia»^s7  Ks^^ave^e,     ^B^V     WM     i^Bf     VIWHal^aT     MHaMB] 

J,607.lrflJO.  an  inerease  y«sMsd  aearff  ea»  UlfTii.  ^—  ^^,^. 

».«  pmioas  aeml  nn  III  alii  ay  ^eifcaXis)  aja*«f  h^sMaa^ 


.     1       '        '  -  .     A  '  ,  •'""''. 

WK.6.%4.."MIO    «l^ur.tt.>  I        "      r     •         . 

••-.  wtn.h  used  41^85.067  pounds  of  leaf, 
670,954  pounds  of  scraps,  1,505  pounds  of  stfOM. 
8,610.1 10  IHIIIII.U  of  licoricr.  1^85 
::>'  rH.umls  of  ot 
iiti.l  ii.i.l  a-  ;   :i. 409.678  p 

toUi.,...    l.l.M.1^7    |-.uti.!-    •/    smofctnjr  totwrru, 

.''1.500  pou  r  .  ff.    Out  of  899  nvie* 

an<l   14'.'   frtiit    «•  r>«  in  operation*     in* 

of  fruit    hmmly  wa-  4.160  faUoas; 

:<!.617  (Mirrels;   amoaat  of 

.  atltl  IBMtaat  Of 

riU  gmugiHl.  1.632.9H6  lauhle  gal- 
IBM  •    " 

\^rii-ultun-  n-j.-rt,,!  as  follows 
,  in  the 


Ji.1 


.    CAIwH-^T'utf 
tug    flov.  ii*F«fval 


IWf«fi.    IMM  fei  •WHr^MBVI 

r±  .±^A^svr.5atrc 

baaVhx    hiei««T  ha*.  iW  is» 


wh.-at,6w..v»  asfat,6J6a>  brtt^ 

r    $4.-.->.«-.-.'  '     •  - 

•b*lti^l>0  *yi7'B2ieZr'  tJSML±s, 

;«.  tSMj»7;  a»«Mi  aiilii  «fa» 

•res,  8.06ljm  bu-hrk  tare*  *paU  artst  *•  fes 

S^TJhTfolJ^  CrtfllTl^S; 
SW  I8M  at  f. 


oua4t:   taiaa    of  s»^ry  si  f 
'"Ifaniei^    wli.elth.1" 


756 


WAS111V 


uent  of  laws  that  would  put  an  end  t.>  it. 
He  also  recommended  the  aim -mlim-nt  <>f  the 
Coda,  so  a*  to  conform  •  public 

sentiment,  making  i-ri/.-  lighting  a  Mom. 
.-ontewi.  wBriJMT  iii  public  <>r  |.ri-. 
r.  also  a   ! 

The  act  of  18M  against  gambling  on  horse  races 
had  not  had  the  ben. 
the  Governor  recommended   ilmt   the   act   be 

,1111:  out  tlu-  exception  ii. 

of  agricultural  a««oriHti.m>  <T  fairs  an. I  driving 

.rk*,  urging  that  tin-  selling  of  boob 

or  making  "f  |»ools  or  mutuals  should  be  abso- 

hihtted. 
ng  the  legislative  bills  approved  were 


those  t<>  amend  the  art  t»  pr-vide  f,-r  the  <.-(fI,v. 

f  tin-  pul. lie  delit  nf  (In-  Slat.-,  in -t   funded 

under  the  |  .1.  l,i  .-it  t|u. 

time   of  the   jM.rtion  of   lu-r  irrriton  ;  i,.  make 

• 
pn in   •  tin-   loss  sustained    l>\  't 

:    to  aiiM-n.i  '       Ic  111  n  lal  I  'ii 

{I  airaiti'-t   delinquent   t  re;i 
an- 1   their  sureties;  1«-  aulhon  MI    the 

\lllc     all'l      t"'.\ll     of      \  ,,||      t||,. 

question  of  nnilingtlieejiv  ami  \»\\  n  in  oni 

fnidant   in  any  m-e 

il  l.y  jury  :  ainl    to   aim-mi 

nee  to  property  that  • 
trained  for  taxes. 


\\  \siii\..in\.  a  Pacific  coast  State,  ad-    care  of  stock.    The  I 
iiiitt.il  to  the  t'niou  Nov.  ll.  1889;  area,  69,180 

miles;  population, according  to  thecen-    against 

nated  in  IM'lnt  -J  10.000. 


impose  analysis  upon  State  <-linni-t-  an<: 
aainst  adulteration.    'I'h*'  Horiicultura! 


Oapiul. 
WOfe 


—  The  State  offlcersfor  the  year 
were:  Governor,  John  H.  .M<<ira\v.  EteoobUoftD  ; 
Lieutenant  Governor,  Prank  U.  Luce  ;  Secretary 
of  State,  James  il.  Prico;  Treasurer,  Ozro  A. 
Bowen  :  Aiulitor.  .1.   K.  I'rost,  succeeding  L.   i;. 
Grimes,  deosmseil  :    Attorney-General,   William 
('.Jones:  Superintendent  uf  Public  Instruction, 
Charles  W.  Bean  :  Lan«l  C«>inini*-i«iiiiT.  William 
:in>r   Adjutant    General,    M.    <  . 
MacDonald;  SUte   Printer.   Oliver  C.  White; 
Secretory  of  the  lioar.1  of  Health,  Dr.  George  S. 
i.rarian.  (J.   A.  Kennedy, 
-ased:  Chief  Justice, 

I'unUr;  Associates,  T.  C.  Stiles,  John  P. 
rulers;  Superior  .lu«ltr«\    Mns«>n 
Irwin;  I'nii.-il  States  Senator.  .I.,hn  L.  Wilson. 
Finance*,  —  The  Treasurer's  report  fbrDecem- 
ber  shows  a  total  cash  balance  of  $213,51  7.2a 
The  U>tal  value  of  real  and  personal  property 
in  the  I  law.asequali/,.!  by  the 

Board  in  October,  was  $204,1!'  .e   in- 

crease on  railroad  property  was  $54,014;  on 
personal  property,  $7,  UK).  Heal  property  was 
lowered  $43,So.  The  lev  tie  was  12*5 

in  the  old  limits  and  9-4  in  the  new.  In  Kin- 
County  the  amount  was  $42,260,615,  and  in 
Pien»$M,4MMto. 

Lafi  xmlo«.-Th-  fourth  assembly 

of  the  Itgfelatire  body  was  convened  on  the  first 
Monday  in  January,  and  adjourned  Man-h  -Jo. 
It  psjiwd  178  bills,  only  2  of  which  were  vetoed. 
One  enactment  abolishes  prue  lighting:  the 
killing  of  -  i*  is  made  punishable  by  a 

One  of  not  less  than  $50  or  more  than  $100.    Ob- 
traction  of  railways  brings  imprisonment  for 

v  years;  wl 

tfasi  ft  is  considered  murder.  pie  are 

»  t»  permitted  Ui  plant  oysters,  and  hold  as  per- 
property  and  be  protected  in  ti.l.  an-l  >-hore 


Please,  or  reservation  of  such 
iSbW  S**l<>'    T-  «ry  of  Abraham 


The 

in  some  particulars 
"«re  create*!.    Hie 
«*  Boanl  M  to  guard  against  false  entries, 
and  to  use  stringent  measures  regarding  the 


is  given  foil  power  to  attempt  keeping  ( 
oheok,  and  lioeral  appropriaiions  an-  made.    A 

(irain  Commission  was  also  appoint  ed.    Th«-  new 
Adjutant    C.-m-ral    i-    an    olVi.-.-r   of  the   i 
I'nited  States  service.     Other  meaMin  -s  i1 
came  laws  were  as  follow  : 
To  pr«'vidi-  t«T  dikin.- 

•:iij..-l  street  railway  e.-mpani'-  t"  re<|', 
more  than  ten  hours'  lahor  in  twenty-four. 

To  punish  deception  in  the  sale  of  Mil!  - 

Delating  to  the  descent  of  n  -a;  '-eased 

us. 

I    j.mfessor  of  veterinary  science,   to  be 
lidded  to  the  regular  Health   IJoanl. 

To  amend    the    act    for  tl. 
game. 

To  provide  for  State  -Train  weiu'liiinr  in 
To  g  rant  title  to  land  c..nvi-\«-d  to  a! 

.••ptioii  oft:  •.-titution. 

To  provide  for  creat:; 

For  the  relief  of  innocent  applicants  for  tl 
chaw  of  tide  lar 

To  prev.-nt  d.-triK-tion  of  Lrarne  on  certain  islands. 
•  iie  protection  ot  !  -tore. 

.c  protection  of  trout. 
i'tinir  the  proceeds  of  life   ii 
l.ility  for  .lel.t. 

To  prohihit  minors  <  •nterintr  sa!> 
To  amend  the  act  re!;.  pureha-M' 

arxl  other  fal'ries. 

To  amend  the  act  relating  to  the  organize 
corpora 

.tin^  to  trade-marks. 

•ahlish  the  le-al  rate  of  interest   in   tl 
at  8  per  cent    The  contract  rate  may  be  an  high  as 

To  punish  fraud  in  t) 

Authorizing  the  establishment  of  public  libraries  in 

Establish  imr  ft  fl«»l  au'«  IM  y  in  New  York. 

T-.  |  '-UHC.H  among 

Male  l.jimlx. 

an  increase  of  immiL"  "'  n  "f 

.Inly,  at  the  olympia  Land  Office,  the  total  num- 
berof  acres  sold  w»us  i  which  *r,. 

was  r-  There  wen 

comprising  788'M  m  •'.• 

;  acres;  <:  timUr-land  entri-  -  :  urjd  1 
military  land  location. 

Harbor    improvements.  —  The   har>.or  at 
Olympia  has  been  deepened  to  12  feet.    The  up- 


\v.\-nr,',  PON 


WB*  exhAtiftti  •  I   hv  )4  *rrh  1.    Tk»    MMwtftt^M  rf  Mafl 

aggjg 

Charge  or  loo  itnprovrmniu  *•»»:  Ui*f*  fMNni  iW  t, 

tAl»rwAV««i»^intf  I'MrtMotffrJ.HlilAA.*     |U    I*****    •»>•  'K 
'  i    Mwlu«c  of  ik»  4«I1 


•"•* 

»  •*•*  IW  k»4  •»  ««n«f«t 

!•»  *••  M*»  •*  nil 


mi,  ami  AH  flnm 

|*Ar.  tl 

i  in  i  h< 
I 
offffrMlraJue,  a* 


PeoitrntiArr  At   Wall.  XV.IU,  f.rm  And 

to  will.   bnok>Ar.l.   LuiMin^  AIM!  u(ll«r   ....|M    •  , 

AOU.  aA04.*ia  m«.  brr  of  paw  mr  mtm  !••  •«•» 

ilngtoo  Hmpiul  for  UM  IUMM.  at  An  ravofviat ia«  «f  MffM  •••  «4»a* 

ilnn.   ftmtilm^    ••«  •*-*-*  ^  ^—  ^ -*  -  **  »       >- 


ita)  for 


-    :     •         •     •      i 

Ainiitur 


JirU^te.    TWfd^Apmtj 

rs^i1^  sziUteimjr 


.n»t>unr>i. 

and  rrooAdfl 

Xorth  YAklniA,  IfO  atrasni 
.a  V.IIM  of  UMM  iMltedow  b 


-    Mark  \\ 

f   I  he-   \\" 


768 


WEST  AFRICA. 


spurred  Knpland  and  France  to  extend   their 
paeBestffona.  nnd  the  rivalry  between  th. 
powers  that  began  with  -  •  xpedition- 

nn  1  the  -vcunng  of  treaties  from  the  native 
-..ok  the  form  of  mil.  Miests  when 

Tit.-nmtioiial  la  powers  were 

to  agree  upon  mil  U.und- 

arietnot  onl>  f  r  their  possessions  on  the  coast, 

r  their  spheres  of  interest  because  A 

1     ilehmited.    the 

coasts  faced  west.  -outh.  and  southwest,  n 

->ied  on  the  Niger,  and  2  also  on  th 
,,  northern  iNiiuiilary  of  the  Cone. 
lined  in  a  convention   fir-t   made  between 
the  International  Association  of  th- 

v.  8,  1884,  and  signed  bv  1 

ruary,  1885.      T 

iinany,  first  organized  in  1882, 

i  ISS^TO  about  800  treaties  from  na- 

Korgu  nnd  Sokoto.  and  the 

whole  ba-;n  of  the  middle  Niger  and  the  Beiiite, 
-.  rman  IIOJM-S  of  trade  and  colo- 
nization and  endeavoring  to  thwart  French  ex- 
pansion in  the  Soudan.  The  company  obtained 
a  royal  charter  on  July  10,  1886.  By  an  agree- 
ment made  with  Germany  by  the  British  Gov- 
ernment ii,  >stt.  the  line  between  the 
Company  and  Cameroons 
was  to  be  drawn  from  a  point  on  the  Cross  river 
to  some  point  on  the  Bennc.  east  of  Vola,  which 
was  fixed  at  a  point  near  the  mouth  of  th 

supplementary  agreement  of  Nov.  15, 

l&tt,  while   the   delimitation    was   further  ex- 

:  to  a  point  on  the  southern  shore  of  Lake 

.iboiit  40  miles  east  of  Kuka.  the  capital 

iu.    By  an  agreement  concluded  between 

igli*h  and   French  governments  on  Aug. 

ft.  1890.  the  limit  between  their  spheres  is  a  line 

from  Say,  on  the  upper  N  !  '.arraw a,  on 

Lake  Chad,  drawn  so  as  t 

Company  all  that  properly  belongs  to  the  King- 

-    koto,     An   agreement  was  ma-: 
tween  France  and  Germany  in  IMM.  by  which 
Germany  abandoned  to  France  the  ////// 
of  the  Cameroons,  excepting  the  trade  route  to 
Lake  Chad,  permitting  th.-   French  to  extend 
1     •._'••  territory  northward   behind 
the  Cameroon H  and  east  of  the  Shari  to  Lake 

md  ultimately,  if  they  forestall  th- 
luh  in  Bornu  orWadai,  to  join  their  possessions 
on  the  Congo  with  the  French  Soudan,  thus 
•hutting  out  Kngland  from  the  central  Soudan, 
iting  in  a  continuous  colonial  empire  the 
French  possessions  on  tie  .  the  Ivory 

i     nch  G  ng.    and  Gabon, 
ihr  French  Soudan,  the  Sahara,  and   A 

~  .  .  north  of  the  French 
•Met  of  Seneoambia,  from  Cajie  Blanco  to  Cnjie 
Joby.  whore  England  has  some  territory,  has 
been  cononkd  to  Spain,  which  claim-  Ad'rar  in 

gjUmkPranceasto  th'e  limit  ,  f  ; 

Spin  hasd  ,t  times 

j*»*'U*h  a  Rnvernin.  lit  in  tho«e  territories,  or 

triable 

men  France  and  Liberia  in  1894,  the  Ca- 
raJJy  nr«.r  «a»  ma<lc  the  boundary  b- 

oties  on   the  Irory  Coart.  and   the 
districts   behind   Liberia   that  WrV  occupied 


by    the    Sofas   .  knowledge^ 

to  be  within   the   l-'ren.-h   sphere.     In  th< 

year  the    l-'rench    republic    made  a   treaty    \\ith 

the  Congo  State.  ( -edinu'  to  ill-    latt»  i 

tory  in  the  Welle  region  occupied  by  ' 
bfOOPS,  tli'-u-h  11  i-  north  ,,f  ||,,.  lih  parallel. 

-vanish  protectoi 

OOOajuare  mil.-,  \\jih   p,  i  >no  inhabit- 

ant«..     The    l-'reiieh    OOIOU] 

i  a  popuhr 

K).       Including  its  depend. 
-«|Uar«-  mile-,  with  a  population  ,,f    ; 

aectorates  having  m 

'.nti,^.  and  about  80,000  p 
tion.  There  are  -JUJmili-sof  railroad  in 
gal.  The  I-  ruta-.laloii  terri- 

tory  have  an  extent  "f  .}-J.»;(.M>  s.|iiare  mi  i. 
about  WO.OOO  inhabitants.  The  >ettlcm.' 
the  Ivory  Coast  are  Grand  Bassum.  A 
(Jrand  Lahou.  and  .!a<-ke\  ille.  Frmn  ti 

;i    jmitectorat.-  I, a-  b.-.-n  extended  O\ 
Kingdom   of   Kong,  and    into  the   Snidan.     <  »n 
the  Gold  Coasl    •  Krench  establishments 

at  Pot  Etotouu, Grand  Popo, and  Agoae*, 

.-iii'l  a  protectorate  has  been  ini).-.-..d  upon  the 
Kingdom  of  Dahomey,  which  has  a  population 
of  about  600,000.  The  extent  ..f  the  I 
possessions  hen-  is  undetermined.  The  Kn-li-h 
seek  to  cut  them  off  from  thoxe  on  the  upper 
The  French  Soudan  embraces  all  the 

i    of    the    upper    Senegal    and    the    upper 

.     The  annexed  territories  on   the  Si 
have  an  area  of  51.000  square  mile^,  and  :;I;IHMMI 
tiopulatioii.     Tin?  protectorates  wen 
in  1891  to  have  an  area  of  230,000  square  miles, 
ami  2,500,000  population.     The  French   « 
including   (Jabun.   with    the    territories    on    the 
I'bangi,  has  an  area  estimated  at  300,000  square 
miles,  with  a  population  e-timated  at  r..;^ 

The  liritish  Niger  protectorates  an 
to  have  an  area  of  500,000  square  miles.  \\nh 
over  20,000,000  Inhabitants;  but   this  includes 

areas  that  the  French  have  not  con 

i.     The    liriti-h    colony    of    (iambia. 
siirroiiii«led  by  French  territory,  has  an  nv 
2,700 square  miles,  and  a  po|inlation  of 
including  <W  whites.     Sierra  Leone  has  at 
of4,0«  'iiile^.  an- 1    had    71>:5.")    mhal'it- 

ants   in    ISJM.  of  whom    'J'J  1    WCW    whites.     The 
protected   territories    have    an  ll.oixi 

square    miles,    and    105,000    inhabitant-.     The 
(iold   Coast    colony  and    j  :  .  including 

A shanti.  are  46,600  square  mile-  in  extent    with 

Mnated    population    of    1. 
an  i-land  on  tin-  Slave  ( 'oa^t.  u  jtli  the  pr 
territory  on   the  mainland,  ha- 
square  "mile-,    and     about    IOM.O'MI    inhabitant  . 
Behind  it  i-  Voruba.  having  1!"  mile-. 

and  :;.(MMi.(KKi  inhabitnnts. 

, liia. and  inclosed  lik.  v, }-.   by  I-'rench 
posses  <iii idea,  for  w! 

area  of  M.«"  .-.imed,  wi; 

(KKI  inhabitant-. 

I    and 

Little  I'opo  have  an  area  of  19,600  square  miles. 

and  800,000  inhabitant*    The  Caraer- 

''•".(KK)    miles,    and    the    pojiiilation    is 

The  independent   republic  of  Liberia  ha- 
diminished    by    Kngli-h    encroachment-    from 
Sierra  Leone,  and  by  French  annexation-  in  the 


AFIUCA. 


. 


ihrf    «»•    ma*l 

mi  Ali*U  %•  *»«, 


rn«l  I!M 


ab.  4 


Of  on  the  u,,,.  r  Nttfrr  .,n,  * 
Munorjr.  mAf*h«d  up  t 

i. .n  in.  M, i.  ,.|  i.y  Tii 
rtAchmnit  ,.f  ;«i  i, i»t,», 


9m  w 


iroptan  officer*,  f 

'    i  uimnjr  nod 
-«>  tobold ItelmnL 


1JBOP  pnwd  ttftdpt  kM  «I^MM*A     wB 

HnMn^l  UtfBnT  AM  •^•^•^•tf^n^n^k     IV»    ^' 

tW  !••!•%•.    **» 
eTw.UVw-  f»;  W  IU 

a  •  int>a4*w^ 


ih 


rHMM.  •luiiiliy  ite*»  ^ 

|plfi  TLET"  wtp*^**>*A>*^r^ 

v^a^y^aji^  G^ayfv ^ajajpp  vMnp  ^Wfew OTiHHP^1 
i  HI  Ja«'  ]M    i^^nV  ^^tt  »^  AA^  fte^vai  *A^M 


M     I<M^    IW^^^  ^^^  P^^^M 
§•••1  •    rW   •   •»•    •• 
******  tWM.i^.,1    .£ 


rw  te»  M.  ^ 

thr   MrlUi.«t  **i 


I  a  ataliori  at 

•>ne,tu|irrvnit  Itillah. 
lieut«ttant.    fr.  in    ..Mainuii; 


»  UK  raft*  MM»  •»•  iaM 


QOtni  the  throne  at  Wnrina.  i 

r.    "luch." 

>uich  a  •  :il   in,.-,  wan  not  prwitalj 

•»n.      In   •;•  t«in  A!MI.  ainl  in  <iam- 

» the  Brit  i-'.  i  a  mililary   •• 

lotiial  artny. 
Briti»h  IIM-I 
led  from  the  Wort  Indie*  And  on 

..imUr.   ami   at   K 
mniA.     On  Dec.  88.  I8M.  A  »roall  UrUr>inna)t 

Kn-m -1.  •    Mann    » 

n^Jmrnt  Ul*lrr 
»riiiA,  6Ach    mtuiaK 

..•n  enemy.    (Hi  thr 


fo  lW  bMdM  •!  MM  •  Mw  «• 

r i«iolhin 

Tlw  !**«»  *l«*r»*4  IMl  flM 
M«llM 

«*«;  ifcl  ^  •  a  Mto  •  * 
^BW 
Invl  Iwwd  «M^*I  *  Jk*  '^^ 


urrrti  «i(hr 


ovrr  lk 

irt  of  lb» 
5.  |M»4.  a  wottd  r,4J 

,rh  ami  lW  llnu 
had  esubliahcil  ihcowrh^  at 


WEST  AFKICA. 


the  King  of  Kumami.    Ti  ion  of  these 

tribes  was  accomplished  without  bloodriM 

By  thi  Franco-German  agree  m.  r 
15,  1894.  the  tlfteenth  meridian  east  of  <• 
wich  is  reoogni/  .a-t.-m  limit 

tn  sphere  of  influence  from  4"  to  8*  80' 
:,..    The  southern  boundary  of 
the  Cameroon*  protectorate  was  defined 
Franco-German  agreement  of  Dec.  24, 1886,  as 
running   fn»m   the   mouth  of  the  Camp. 
doe  east  to  about  1">    <>f  eas«t  lon-itude.     Sine,- 
thtfl   the     French    expeditions    .  .in    de 

Brazxa.   M ixon.  and    Maistre   I  'rated 

the  German  //intfrhind  from  the  I  bangi  up 
to  the  llrnue  and  Lake  Chad,  establishing  sta- 

Uons  on  the  Sanga  river  and   the   station  and 
ivory  depot  of  Gasa  and  making  tr- 
the  I«-  >uthe  Sanga  and  Shari 

nnd  in  the  inti-rmediate  country.  The  German 
ex|«edjti..n«  of  Kund.  Tappenbeck,  Zintmff, 
Gravenreuth.  ami  M-  r  penetrated  be- 

voiid  the  twelfth  meridian   in  the  south  «»r  the 
ide    of    the    Kngli-h    station    of    Vola    in 

the  north.    The  English  were  chagrined  al  the 

abandonment  of  the  llintrrland  to  France  in 
the  new  treaty.  Kumle  is  reserved  to  France, 
although  it  was  found  to  lie  ju-t  we-t  of  longi- 

11  frontier  is  extend- 

of  the  fifteenth  meridian  in  the  south,  s« 
give  to  Germanvthe  right   bank  of  the  Nir-k.. 
For  a  part  of  its  lower  course  and  W  kilometres 
«.f  the  right  bank  of  the  Sanga  for  the  develop- 

mmercial    interests   of   « 

Cameroon*.  In  the  north  the  Herman  sphere  is 
contracted  above  latitude  8°  80',  where  the  line 
runs  northwest  to  Lame  and  Bifara.  which  are 
included  in  the  French  possessions,  and  then 
rth  to  longitude  10  f  giving  France  access 
to  the  Bonue  through  its  tributary,  the  May.. 
Kebbe.  It  follow,  the  tenth  parallel  eastward 
to  the  Shari  beyond  the  seventeenth  meridian, 
and  in-  IT.  le  left  bank  of  that 

to  Lake  Chad,  thus  giving  to  Germany  a 
part  ofithe  territory  of  Bornu  and  the  south 
shore  dflLake  Chad  'from  the  mouth  of  the  Shari 
to  the  boundary  of  the  Knglish  sphere,  west  of 
Decgtla.  The  treaty  secures  to  Germany  the 
right  of  navigation  <>n  the  Sanga  and  on  the 
imercial  communications 
with  the  Congo  basin  and  the  central  Soudan. 

The  German  administration  in  Cameroons  re- 
ceived in  WW  a  severe  setback.  The  Soudanese 
soldiery  mutinied  and  seized  the  arms  and  am- 
munition. They  were  subdu-  1.  but  an  investi- 
gation into  the  causes  of  tin-  outbreak  r. 
the  atrocious  cruel tv  of  the  (ierman  «.fli--ial-. 
«SMdally  Leist.  the  head  of  the  adminNt  r 
who  wa«  promptly  dUmisw.!  when  it  was  proved 
thai  he  had  been  guilty  of  inhumanity  not  only 
to  the  soldiers  ami  nati\e  men.  but  U>  women.  " 
In  the  spring  of  1895  the  fJ  f  the 

Oasaerooitt,  Herr  von  I'uttkaraer,  carriwl  on  a 
ttmpaign  against  the  Ba-kc.ko  trib<-s  in  the  in- 

•w.    The  German  forces  stormed  4  of  their 
ggMjMds,  losing  12  kUled  and  killing  200 

two  vran  the  British  carried  on  active 
"ions  for  the  subjugation  of  the  Egbasand 

back  of  Lagna.  In  1894  a  naval  force 
sent  to  Benin  to  reduce  the  chief  Nana 


-ulimit   to  the  authority  of  the 
.'    .      !!;-  town  was  stoni 
;'*>.  after  which  he   delixeivd   him-. 
at    Laijos.      In    the    autumn    a    llrili-h    • 


named  Fergunon  proclaimed  a  pr«-t« 
Salaga  and  oiher  disinri-  n.-rthwi-- 
land,  although  these  were  declared  neutral  in  an 
nan  au'ivemeiit   made  in  lsss       11.  'ir 
Kliiitf.  l.ieut.  VII    Knniaji.  and    1  >r.  (  i  i  iiiier    led 

int..     the     J/intrrl'i 
while     ('apt.     I>ec<i-iir.    M.    AII'V. 
and    M.   I'.allo:  li    I  >a- 

•.i  versed  th. 

-.    and    all    obtain,  d    treat  ie>    froii 
chief-  iii  r,  «oiue  of  the  saiip 

that    the    mulat:  n    lia<l    n.-ppti;.1 

in  An.  <  'apt.  K.  I  >.   I  .ii^ard.  fo'.  . 

iitained  new  treaties  m  r. 
(i.-rman-  claimed  the  whde  nupir. 
whii-h  they  said   was  iudi-pclldellt  of  Sok*.1 
a  l-o  the  la  i  n  Is  of  llorin.  Lokoja^  Saria,  and 
They  -tiro  us     of    e\iendin;r 

their  protectorate  t..  the  Nicer.  I.  m  the  I 
were  unwilling  to  concede  all  their  dan 
OftllM  th.'-i-  would  sever  the  hahoiney  protecto- 
rate from  the  Soiulnn.     In  Feln-iiarx. 
Tontee,  crossing  from  Dahomey  to  th< 
eluded    various  treaties.     The    l-'rench  c-laimed 
Niki  and  Bussaasthr  Hinterland  ot  hahomey. 
l»ut    the   Mntflish   held  that  the  treaty  line  froin 
Say  to  Barua   precluded  them   from  acquiring 
any  rights  within  the  bend  of  the  Ni 
in  Bornu  or  Adamawa,     The  King  of  I'.aiil.a.  or 
BorgO,  Signed  a  treaty  for  ('apt.  Lu^ard  on   Nov. 
15,  1894.  at  Niki:  hut  ('apt.  h.-c.i-ur.  who,,  I, 
n  politieal  '  W«v,  •,»<».  Iw-lieved  th. 

lish  document  to  he  a  commercial   an 
only.    Lieut.  .Mi/on  had  obtained  a  ; 

from  the  ruler  of   Adamawa   in    Au-u-t, 

.ml    had    left   a  force    at    Yola  :    but    the 
Knirli-h  claimed    A<lamawa  a-  a  dependency  of 
SokotO,  although    they  had    previously  c-,r. 
it  to  Germany,  and   (Jermany  had   n-iirned  her 

to  Prance.  The  French  and  the  (iermans 
persistently  denied  that  the  Briti-h  v 

.1  political  treaty  with 

,ltan  «if   Sokoto  or  the  other  pot.  : 
asserting  that  the  treaties  simply  e\.«-nded  to 
Europeans  in  general  the  rijrht  to  tn 
io    the    payment    of    tolls  to  the  nativi-   rulers. 
Many  complaints  have   been    made,  both  by  t  he 
French  and  by  the  (irrman-.  of  the  -t..p| 
trading    vessels   and    experlition-  bv  the 

:ii\  in  i-ontravriitioii  of  the  Berlin 
1885,  whi.-h  made  the  Ni^.-r  fn-e  to  the  11. 
all  nations      Indemnity  has  been   paid   for  the 
illegal  sei/ure  of  vessels;  but  thi^  ha-  n 

the  company  from  repeat  in-:  the  act  in 
order  to  defeat  the  'commercial  and  political  de- 
signs of  its  foreign  comp  d  the 

«•!.-.-  -.f    iyi|  a  Fr.-nch    -unboat.  the  '•  Ardent." 

entered  th-  r  UM  purpose  of  succorinc 

the  Frenci.  \'«\n.  but    ran   upon  ,, 

bank,  and  could  not   be  pot    off  for  six  iiK.nt  hs. 
The  French  (iovernment  ordered  the  commander 

.rn  to  the  sea  with  his  vessel,  which  he  did 
assoonas  the  water  rose.  The  company'-  offi- 
cials. who  hail  allowed  the  gunboat  to  p, 

-••  they  had  not   the   fore.-  to  -top  it.  ar- 
rested a  German  steamer  that  entered  th 
with  supplies  for  the  stranded  vessel. 


WEST  APR!  WOT 

Ashem,  Sultan  of  lU.rnu. 


rat*«Hl  a 


-r    ** 

«ui.h.i,,.i  I,,, 


»!«•/•  NMUMi 
•Mri 


HIM    mm*  V.  ,         , 

rt.«f4  |i 


•m««nr. 

«li«|  j.ll 

marine*  and 


li  r>aii*l  |- nmi     mmt  to  llw 
al«a»«  mooop.     k««  IWHI  a  I 


btOtaicfflflftk      ai« 

**-      091 


that   «a»  i!Urii|ilri| 

•    an  •fri^rmml     ihtfU  of  » 

.*.-.   >'    lUM 


fnlhrrtand  •  •• 

!  .anti.       II 

.m«l  two  poariai  ambaeaa- 

.  rule  brfow  frwa  Y  •*•«**  to 

.dWlOoTernm.  nt.    Th<>Uk>h  th,  i,  .wro«.r  rotloa  ha*  b»r»  b 

Gold  Co**,  Sir  Bran.lfnnl  (inffith.  rr-  U>r*n.  anr  «4i-rt  y«»*i 

fiwwl   pcrtniminn    f.-r   th.tn  to   Mart    and  tlw  UftiM  a«d  1.1*1  dMftte 

:,oti*T  th.ioo«Toy»  attuiiaani.ljtt 

r  Mi  title  to  ilw    vlUiakMl  MUM  WtolM«% 

. 

Knnilir<>i   .\-iiiiliii  W   I)        i  •  •     ~  •w*,      i 

,1  apf»ak«l     aa*  all  ihi^i  ^  ***,J 

( i.. \.-rninriit  fi.r  n  I 
fii-.-!.       \   I'.'  .'  -•    • 

•iinntuin  w»i-   *«-nt    • 
eratt 

•  I    human 

hain|N-riii^  tn».l««.  ami 
ratr  iiv  I  a  Hnti-h  n 

•wrr  t<>  t 

..-niMthnl  hr 
Sui 

,rwl  thai  hr 
war  • 

a*»nt. 

•u«  pofmlation  <f  tffftff*  ,-«a»  ^  iA» -A.. 

u«n^   wa^ 
•nen.  arm.-  1«*    1*"  **••*    "•*• 

,,|  a 
ish    rvsrimeiita.     The 


INDIES. 


\\  KST    VIKiilNlA. 


Tkt  Lffteanl  hlnnd*  have  an  area  of  706 
Miuare  mile*  m.  .nhabitair 

5.000  are  white.    The  ('*> 

ud  commerce  of  the  ."> 
in  |x«.:i  u 


•  •  -  • 


•yui 


latin 

ITV.1 


ha*  an  area  of  1.754  square  mil.-. 
,,»,    yin.-.'-  '•  "•>'    »- 

ooooected  with  it  administratively,  i-  ill  -mare 
mile*;  irfth  I8JKB  inha  'I  here 

wer*7.*»fts  birih*  nii-i  'I'-  "'  Triniil.-i-I 

in   1893.    There  are   178  schools,  with 
pupil*.     The  pitch  Ink.-  in  the  otnter,  which  is 
bated  t«.  an  American   e,,mp:iny.  produced   W.- 

i  i  re  :»1  miles 

of  railroad  miles  of  telegraph.     Tin- 

ier Broorne.    The  revenue 
of  Trinidad  in  1898  was  £497,396,  and  the  er- 

[mportt  imoonted  I 

§70.885,  and  exports  t..  •: .  The  chief 

•H  are  sugar,  cacao,  and  molasses.  Tin; 
exports  of  Tobago,  which  princes  cotton,  to- 
bacco, and  sugar,  were  valued  a 

Of  the   Windward  Man.t*.  which   ha 
Charles  Bruce  for  their  Governor,  Grenada  has 
an  area  of  188  square  miles  and  ."••'..  11 :'.  inhabit- 
ar.-a  i  if    loV!   square   miles 

31    L'H-ia.  an  a 

948  square    mil  ,10  mhal.it ants     The 

ts  are  sugar,  cacao.  e..:t..n.  -pices,  coffee, 
rum.  arrowroot,  logwood,  and  timber.  The 
finance*  and  trade  of  the  islands  in  1893  were 
as  follow: 


-•  ;      . 


•MM 


•MM 


h.mi-h  <  olonjr.— The  i-lan.ls  <.f  Santa  Cruz, 
St,  Thomas,  and  St  John,  restituting  the  Dan- 
•-vhieh  C.  K.  von  lled.-maiiii  is 
Oovwroor.  hare  ao  area  of  118  square  mil. 
a  population  of  82,786.  <•  -n<i-t  ing  almost  entire- 
ly of  negroes  engaged  in  th-  cultivation  (,f  the 
Mijpir  cane.  The  imports  in  H!Kt  were  \ 

7.986  kroner,  and  the  exports  at  195,511 
• 

I»ntrh  C«lo«7.— I  <;..v.-nim 

Cror^o*  are  UM   island-    ..f   Curaroa.   li-.naire, 
AruKa.SC.  Eurfache,  Saba,  and  the  Dut.-h  part 
of  J*.  Martin.    The  negro  inhnl.itat 
MM  ia  ealtfTatinff   com   and    ln-an-.  Battle 
••K.  an<l    the    pn-J  ,-'i..n   ..f   salt    and    Inn-. 

*.  whi^h  i%  a  free  port,  has  a  large 
|HM^P<'  w~t  Indian  UOandn. 

•h  <  ..lonle^— The«e  nro  Guadeloupe 
Md  the  a/ljmc-nt  i%Und^  of  Marie  Galante,  Les 
Saintea,  etc.  There  were  49  primary  schools. 
attended  by  9.753  pupils.  Th«  l-iil  r» 

-H4  wa.*  <-'rnit<-d   n'    ."..Vil.r.l'j  fra-u-s  the 

expenditure  of   Franc*   in    1895   at    1.596JM9 
francm.    There  are  GO  miles  of  railroad.    The 


products  besides  sugar  are  cotton,  ramie,  to. 

Tee,  cacao,    rul>l>.-r.    ratlle.   cnni.    nee. 
otatoes.     Tin-   imp..rt-  am<>ut 
'•»  francs,  and  ex p«.rt-  to  1 '•.!<••  I.OIHI  fraiu-s 
in  18 

>\  I  x|     \  IIH.IMV.   n    S,,Mil,,-ni    Stat 
mittrd  t..  the  l'ni..ii  June  l!i.  U 

i  in-  |...|,ula' 
vial     eell-U  •'.  M      |  r.'.dl  J 

n     ,  ;-.•  ID  iy«». 

Capital,  t 

Ooverniiient.    -The  following  wer. 
i«tli.-er«.  •liirini:  the   jr<  rnor,  \Vii; 

I  >.  mocral 

liam    !•!.   ( 'liiltnii  ;  T!  !,n    M .    I; 

Auditor.    Isaac    V.  .li.hn>««n ;    Ait-.n 
Thon..  ijutai.t  (i.  .     II.  , 

m. •n,i. 'lit    of    Tiii.;. 

i      • 

Lilirarian.  II.  I. 

cultural     lizard.    ('.    < '.    l'.r-\\n  :  '  .M • 

\\ .  \v.  Den!  :  BeeraUrf  -f  th.-  Moar.l  of  n.-aiih. 
N.  l>.  Bali  terinarian,  i:.  I-:. 

Terr\  :  J  of  the   Fish  ('miui. 

White;  Commissioner  of  [mmigration,  Thomai 

Finainoos.— Th.    s-  •    ,,f  debt.    The 

est  imat'-d  rei-.-ij't-  and  i- \pend  it  ur<->  for  the  fiscal 
inline  Sept.  ::«».  ]*\t:».  \V.T.-  a<  f,.llou 
ite  liuid.  $656,600,  with  balai.ee  ,,l 
138.36,  making  n 

mated  charges  arc  $577,318.30,  leaving  a  balance 
of  $2(Mi.  I -Jo  hool  fund. 

»,  with    balance  of  $:;i:;.'i-:;.  l<».  ,,,.,, 
total  of  $<;..  ,1  fund,  x: 

with  balance  of  $282,7 -l."».!»l.  making  a  total  of 

;v.»i. 

state    Invtjf,,tjolis._ The   T.,-i-lativ,- 
mittee   reported    the  \Ve-t .m    Hospital   a- 
crow.led.     The  hospital  at  Sp.-nc.-r   had  70  men 
and   75  women  pati.-nt-.     The   IVnitentiary  re- 

:    *UM7.<r,    unexpended    balai 
convicts    at    work    and     i:WJ  unemployed.     The 
Colorc«l  Institute,  at    Farm-,  had  arranged    for 
th.-   en-etion   ,,f    the    new    Mechanical    Hall   for 
which  $6,000  had  been  appropriated.     T 
form   School  had  a  balance  on  hand    of   $12,- 

l!«l  neat  ion. —  The  nniver-ity  has  a  new  cliem- 
ical  laboratory,  and  $-10.0110  ha-  been  exj 
upon  new  machinery  in  M.-chanical  Hall.     Part 
of  the   funds   f.,r  the  univ.-r-ity  i-  supplied   by 
the    State,    an.l    it   also  del 
from  tjje  Morrill  fund  for  -ci«-nt  ific  instruction, 

•i  the  ori-inal    en<lov. 

The    agricultural    exp.-riu  >n    is  main- 

tained by  the  Tnitcd  State-  (iovcrnmeiit. 

A  preparatory  branch   of  the  nni. 
whicli  the   LeL'i-lature  appropriated  $lo.( 

An   ollicer  of    the    I'nit. 

command  of  the  cadet  corp-.     The  enrollment 

of  the  university  was  .'5 JO.  an  incr«-a-e  upon  any 

"is  vear.     1"he  whole  cost  of  the  buildings 

Legislative   Session.— The   I.e-i-latu- 
Convened   in  January,  and  adjourned  in  March. 
-•  imf)ortant  enactments  were  a<  follow  : 

Knablintr  an  insolvent  debtor  to  prefer  a 
for  the  purpose  of  giving  security  for  loan  m 


WEST    VlUi.lXlA 


• 
«*iv*m* 


: 


••liii.-al  jartim. 

••Ms 

•-•    UM   ih«   cUMticatfta 

• 


MM  f*  Mi  •  «M  I^^H 


•    .    •  I      •  %   • 

\l»!l       •          I..'    •      .  Ill1   .  .     •  . 

Tu  •  uth»n«c    n.urrini  WOONO  to  ro«%ry   M 

r  Mjl'jrt-t  t"  l».  r   i    .-    ..•    .  -    i..;-     ... 

a  fence  built  wholly  of  barbed  wii»  a 

r .    . 

the  feat  for  catching  and  aamririf  Sooting    ' 


^thowoi  Ki*jiiW8u 

MMnet.  .f^f«««4^4oa) .  ' 

...  r.,|n-l,|,     tbrrff«rlk4iol«il« 

***  s^trSi1 

railrtMul."  arv>  U-in^  but! 


..'aft   Virjrinin   an«l    l'itt-»l-nrfc- 

i th  through  I h«*  rr«i- 
Nl^  flkoft  I«io»     dUMT 


'.,.,-.:       IV  :-  '  v. 

nwdfra    B»mH  of C^U»i  ^T"  'P*  ""f  • 
iS^nHi  itiiniBi  il«*U»JM» 


tlip.«n:h   Kr-lerfefcrfrnw  w»«I    ifc» 

flMlfeti.     Of' 


l^«f 

• 


SaS: :/;;  sTTiTig  r^&i 

SLly    tato  «N^«f  •«  I  IP  **  ******  *4fH  < 

iia:  ii  _^KI"^  '"'SJrlfjlS 

a  mail  fr««m    Ilurlin^ttMi   t«-  a  nek 

•  'aim  arkl  K»-  ' 

-•     » 


»nl  v 


.ml  «ill  ofa«  KSSSSfVm!^ 

7\*»d>t<***>mu~  %*ti^3rBr 

•*•  <^>rtUiav 

u  fl«i.i  i.«.u  in  t.ra^Hlivf  TWMMrtaV 


.ill  other* 


r^mlocn^ 

1^.     TW    i^aMitvaMna; 


761 


WYOMING, 


Declarinjr  meandered  lakr»  public  water*. 

nun*  on  and  across 
all  •inmiw  In  the  - 

rx.vide  a  continirrnt  fund  to  be  used  for  pre- 

x,,.:     r.     '    .,•..-•     .          oeMK 
To  attthoruo  f»r 

ino  atfoiiut  hail,  tornadoes,  03 
hurricane*. 

To  prevent  unjust  dbcriminution  by  insurance  com- 
;  ..' 

•  .mote  the  ecUMi»him-ni  and  efficiency  of  froo 
j.uM.,-  librarian  it. 

.  nt  at  fourteen  jean 

Finance*.—  Fn»m  the  re|>ort  of  the  Treasurer 

•„.  f,,l. 

taken  :    'I'll.-  amount   <.u 

1m  nl  in  I  he  general  fund  nt  hist  >ett  lenient, 
Sept.  80.  1894,  WHS  $077,8  15.  71  ;  tin-  receipt*  <lur- 

>car  from  all  sources  were  $1.78*.- 
The  dtsbursementa  were  $2,729,506.  7.J.  ami  the 
balaix  :  at   the  rinse  of  the  fiscal  year 

was  JUM.618.50.  the  item-.  ..f  disburse- 

.re  the  following:  Salaries  and  permanent 
appropriations,  $200,6  4  l.'.M:  1«  -^i-lati-. 
$161.4  i.-pital    for   Insane.  $11.V 

702.79:  Northern  Hospital  for  Inline.  1187,- 
604.  Vi  M,  $87,399.97;  School  for 

Deaf,  $41.050.58;  School  for  Blind.  $30,978.84; 
Industrial  School  for  Boys,  $74,161  ;  State  pnl- 
lic  schools,  $47,036.47:  Herk  hire,  $66.594.16; 
labor  about  the  Capitol.  $.|M,s2i.:{s:  transient 
laborers,  $11,2(14.11:  militia.  $93,684.55:  five 
nhools,  $47,600.08;  maintaining  chronic 
insane  in  county  asylums,  £301,796.80. 

•1  fond  amounted  to  $3.:{7i.  »;.-,:.  '.M  : 
the   u:  fund   to  ^'Jl-'.-JiM:    the   agrirul- 

tural  fund  to  $271.270.06;  the  Normal  School 
fund  to  $1.819,421.  'JO;  the  total  investment  of 
trust  ' 

iMi'-unt  paid  I')  railroad  companies  dur- 
'.e  fiscal  rear  was  $1.17:..7.VJ..VJ  ;  l,y  tele- 
graph companies,  $9,999.45  ;  by  telephone  com- 
panies, $9338.99;  by  sleeping-car  companies, 
950&80.     Insurance  licenses  amounted  to  $131,- 
11.  rs'  licenses  to  $19,663.38. 
•r  1895  amounted  to  $1.37 
was  divided  as   follows:    One-mill    tax. 
ates  of  Indebtedness  to  school 
fund.  $l."i7..*,7(i:    university  Ux,  $256,476:  n<>r- 
roal-«chool  tax,  *  l"ree  higb  schooli 

000  ;  fifth  normal  school,  $10,0(H);  manual-train- 
ing schools,  $2.500;  l-'.-.-l-l.-min-led  School, 
$100,000;  special  f«.r  normal  s<-l  .....  Is.  $72.000. 

The  report  of  the  Kailnmd  CommiasioneT  for 
1W4  says  that  the  in  State  il  "»7s 

mi\f*>  an   increase   of  21J)  mile,.     The  capital 
rtork  of  the  companies  amounts  to  $1  12.394.000  : 
funded    debt,    $160,400.000;     nnfiind.-d     d.-l.t. 
••-•"I  <-f  railway  j.r  In    the 

8tat^|aOjOOO.OOO;  cost  per  mile,  $40.000.  Th- 
amotini  r«^.  ...1  fn.m  the  companies  for  1894 
~  t».»-VW».i::  Th.re  were  116  persons 

-1  and  *<l  injurt^l  ..ri  the  tracks. 
Kdnratlon.  —  The    aprK.rtif.nment     of     the 

•fund  inrome  for  1895,  amounting  to  > 
,4H.  w«9  m«/l<»  on  the  bairi^  --f  x!i-4:si  cent* 
or  c*rh  ?-r^,n  of  *>hool  a^'  in  th-  > 
lest  IxvUnm-  fiuthorijUHi  i^hmetit  of 

a>4at«  home  for  the  8.000  fwl.le-mind.-d  p.  -r- 
and  appropriated  $100/KK) 
t  was  lorale<l  al  Chip- 
t  decided  up<,n  in  July 


Falls. 


'  t- 
Siir-.n 


I  normal  school,  contingent 
on  the  paving  liy  the  town  of  the  s-tivi-: 
rounilinu'  the  >ch""l. 

Mate    Pri-on.       PI  •     I  .,  -i<lat  ivc    Commiiteo 
appointed   l.\(i,.\.  1',-,-k   to  visit    the   charitaMe 
and  penal  institutions  oftiu-  Statt-  reporl 
the  I^egislaturc  'nil«-!iiniiiLr  t  h< 

Pn-on  at   NVanpnn.  mi  account  ..f  it- 
and  •ivercrowded  condition,  as  wholly  unfit  f»V 
;.<!  advising  the  erect  ion 

Intermediate  priaon  in  a  central  county. 

(  DBMS,  •  iiHistaken  thi- 

licial   population  a.s  l.'.i::7.'.'l.'..  aii   i: 

nice  the  taking  ,.f  the  SI 

in  18*"'  jx-nditure  from  tin-  ^'-m-nil  fund 

for  this  work    this    year   was    ( 

iture  provided  that   as  .soi.n  a-  the 
of    th>  A  a>-    known     an    n\<\ 

committee  >hoiild  prepare  a  oil  I  district  in: 
the   ineinl'.T-   -f    the   S.-nate  an.  I    A  - 
cording  t<i  the  numlx-r  of  inhaoitant>.    'I 
portioiiment  was  made  in  Novrml"  r. 

I  he   i.nl.l    (  ure.  —A  la 
Li-u'islalurc  provided   for  compulsory  -'ul. 
of  ineliriates  )<•  this  cun-.    Statistics  gath' 
net  idier  sh..w  that  in  only  2">  of  th«    ; 
have  judges  availed    themselves  (lf  th,-  ]., 
these  the   liiimlier  of  treatments   \\as    ]:;, 

Objection    to   the    law  is    ma.le 
hy  many  n  MIK!  of  tli. 

expense   involved,  as  well  as  a   ln-lief   that    it   is 
unconstitutional. 

Immigration.  —  In   pursuance  of  tin- 
to  secure  settlement  of  th 
unoceiipied   land   in  \\"iscon>in.  an   imnii_ 
commis-inn   vi-ited   New   York    t<»  make 
sonal  investigation  of  the  character  of  the  im- 
migrants   ami    other    matters  conneeteil 
with,  ami  to  provide  for  the  circulation  among 
i'le   immigrants  of  literature  giving  facts 
relative  to  the   lands  they  .h-in-  to  s.-ttl. 
this  purpurse  a  handbook  of  was  prepareil. 

h.iir\    Indnstn.     \Viseonsj,,   has  *H;<> 
000  invested  in  the  dairy  industry,  and  the  milk 
products  of  L894 

Treasury  CnsoH.—  AS  stated  in  the  -  Annual 
Cyclopa-.lia'-  for  1898 
under  obligation  to  repay  to  the  tr-  . 
est  collected  and  used  liy  them  accruing  from  the 
deposit  of  puMic  fumls.  with   inter. 
The  I,,  •  ure  passed  an  art    r- 

/  and    Kuchii  from  jmlgn 
the  treasury  cases,  and  ex-Treasurer  .M-  1 
fn.m  the  balance  over  jirincipal  and 

t.      It  was  elaimed   that    this  act  \\ 
trary  totheConstitution  ;  Imt  the  Atturm  ; 
eral  decided  that  it  was  constitutional,  and 

Decision.—  The  Supreni'  '1  the, 

validity  of  the  law  which  pn.vj.les  that    lil 

Mient  works  aboolate  divorce  without  fur- 
ther lei:a! 

U  ^  0>1  I  M,.  rthwestern 

to  the  fnion  July  10.  IH1K) 
miles.  Population  in  Ife 
(  heyenne. 

(,..\,-rnment.  -The  following  were  tin 
officers  daring  the  year  :  '»«.venior.  \\".  .\.  lii'-h- 
ards.    Republican  ;  'Secretary   of  state.  Charles 
\V.  P.unlick:  Treasurer.   Henry  G.  Hay;  Audi- 
tor. William  0.  Owen  ;  Attorney-General,  U.  F- 


VTOttM. 

X'ljutaiit  General,  Frank   A.  Slilarf ;     1'afc* 

•tdimitt. 


in  lh«  trtMtin 


ItalaUlWIUJMUlt^ 

.    i    , .  •    > 

:   ftMltPtfsllM*** 


noti  on  Btal*  cM4L 


i*i,$lMNLSl;  total 


ti 

-lad  the  eiMOteof    fl.TtMOi.   e*4 
.re  and  tin-  j«a\  in.  nt  uf  boon-    flMktec  tW  lalal 
wild    aniinak    ihr   lad 


remained 1  SepC  ».  IMA.        E4Mvli^.-TW 


->vrr  ilunnf     7^X414  ha«»  a«4  !•••  Mn»|»l    TW  «M» 
reajorot  to  general  fano.    nulruwi  •vlaHAoawi  •»• 


me  to  t?lft.HO?.30.     For  the 
KNMtruction  of  public  l.u.l.lin^  f  IT.flMJO  vaa    «ith"«MilloMl  Inflllit.l^aa^  • 

.luring  the  year,  making  thr  total  ts-    atrvetara,     TW  Mai  flBaejai  *«wk*4t  |at  ** 

fur  IW  teaw  «e«*»l  Jvaw  m  Ma%  *a» 

hM  bean.v:-'        ?:*.-:  ::i 


ipfttd 


.latrhrx.  ^    o/    Ift^ 

Io».-Th«  property  raluation.  of  |NM    Rsp»riMaA  MaiMi  IM* 
loMIBSi^A. 


N.  nr  of  $640^7.5.     The  r»liuti.«i  of     mroU   «1M   »i 

•veraenu  on  land  waa  f^H57..    wmtk    TW  ay>fnai« 

M69;oftown  -r,...,.     HUM*  all 

addUk^al  MM«f  NtTa  MM  ttaaB«V 


I  HA  •    .  ,f  iii_iLmj.g*      »»f  farm 
I  .DM.    Of  IPOHvJ*       «H   !•*»•» 

94.09HJM;  of  rtock  in  corpora-       •^W  ••••>!• 


-taUleTTforl^waaMaltt 


teaire  orer  1HJ 

Mil  nation  of  $49 
n  pul.i.  ••   cur*  wa 
'    I  ho 


^  of  the 


V  A»  IITINQ   IN  1804  AND  1895. 


as  a  forage  plant    It  was  evicted  t 
Mi«-h  luxuriance  AS  to  furni-h  -hade  m  -inniii«-r 
for  cattle  and  a  wind  l-r.-ak  iti  winter.  as  well  as 
food,  but   the  exiH-riment   -tat  ion  rep 

lently 

.    •  •  .    •       ..,,.,•     ;:..,• 
- 

n  del  '  i'  i-  th  the  ' 
.—  ;an  tlnstlo  have  -  f.M.thold  in 


Ind 


Indian  Trouble*.— In  the  early  part  of  the 

immer  llannock  Indian-  and  others,  fron 

«  in  Mali--. 
thereby  breaking  the  laws  for  the  preservation  of 

game.    Certain  <>f  the  Indians  being  arrest,  d  by 
the  constable  of  Jackson  Hoh — which  is  sou.  h  of 
ir  Yellow-tot,,-  I'ark—  tried  to  escape, 
whan  one  Indian  WAS  killed  and  six  others  were 
I  was  on  July  18.    The  set  tiers 
organized  to  drive  the  Indians 
fr-in  the  llohack  basin,  when-  they  were  assem- 
A  ,   .ining  demand,  d 
r.il  (iovernment  that  it  should  return 
these  Indian- to  their  reservations  m  oth.-r  State-. 
Cavalry  and  infantry  were  -cut  to  the  neighbor- 
when,  within  a  reasonable  period,  the  In- 
dians peaceably  di-pcr-ed.     The   Indian-  claim 

that  they  received  m-umVient  rations  and  wore 

hun ting" for  necessary  food  on  unoccupied  land. 
1  a  treaty  right  tod  ul.rs 

*  killinc 


t  that  tin -y  \v,-re  killing  game  for  the  hides. 
The  United  St'ates  deputy  marshal  who  in\e-ti- 
ihe  trouble  says,  in  his  report,  that  "the 
killing  of  game  by  Indians  and  the  incn -asjng 
numlM-r  of  touri-t  hunters  threatens  to  deplete 
the  region  of  big  game— deer,  elk,  moose,  ot 
as  to  jeopard  the  occupation  of  th.-  pr»f. 
guides  at  Jackson  Hole.  It  was  decided  at  1 1n- 
close of  last  season  to  keep  the  Indians  onl  of  the 
region  this  year,  and  the  weral  .-vents  thi-  sum- 
mer are  the  results  of  carefully  prepared  plans." 
lie  also  says  it  was  decided  that  someone  should 
be  killed,  M»  that  the  matter  roiild  In-  Itroiiirht 
before  the  courts,  and  he  justifies  the  action  ..f 
the  Indians,  ,,f  whom  3  in  all  were  killed.  The 
State  contends  that  the  lands  on  which  the  In- 


huntini:  were   not    unoc«-upied 
the  admi--  .'>  \omiiii:  to  stalehoo.i 

.'it    to  make  j. roper  p..li. •, 
•  d   t  hat    the  Bailie  laws  are  pro; 
lice  regulations,  and   apply  to  Indian-  a*- 
to  while  inell. 

-I. i in.  session.— The  third  Le-i-laiiire 

in.   7.  and   continued    in 
durinu'  which   period    it   eiiaei, 

laws.    £mong  these  was  a  L-- n.-i-ai  ia\\  (or  H,,. 

iii'-orp,,ratioii  ,,f  citi.-  ha\  :  oou  |i..pnla- 

•  a!lo\\in.c  \ 

'    I  liree    foiift  ||s  ,,f  ||M.  Jill'..: 

act  iir.txidini;  that    a   parl\   pr..<lnrin_-   a  uiin,s> 
is  allowed  to  imp.-aeh  him'l.y  pi..\  in- pi  i. 

mentfl  :  and   an   ad   w 

i^  to   preserve    the  f.-w  remnant-   of   the    i 
.ili-«.lutc  prohil.ition  of  the  killin.i;  • 
animal.      Provision  wa-   made   for  1! 
meiit  of  a   Ilotne   for  Soldi.-rs  and   >. 
an    appro|. rial  ion    ..f    $?.:>(K».    and     - 
vote. I   for  the  cons)  ruction  of  a  li-h  hatd. 
Sundaii'-e.     A  lull  wjis  also  passed  accept 
'»:K)-acre   grant    of    arid    land    und- 

ad.  and   providing  terms  and  condil  i.ms 
under  which   the   land  shall  I.e  selected  and   re- 
claimed, and  an  act    to   regulate  the   formation 
and    procedure  of    guarantee    and    Min-l  \ 
panics  was  passed. 
Since  18»8,  when  the  Legislature   fail.<l   to 

elect  a  Senator.  Wyoming   ha-   IM-.-II  r.-pr- 
by  Jos4-ph    M.  ('an-y   only,  whose    term   i'\pired 
in    March   of    this  year.     <  Mi    Jan.   H.    l^!)."i,    the 
I{.  publican  members  of  the  Legislature  in 
ens  nominated  Claren.-e  l>.  (  lark    for  th< 
term,  to  end   on    .March  '•'».  IMi'.i.  which   -. 
vacant,  and  nominated  I-'raiicis  K.  NVanvn 
Joseph   M.  Car.-y.  who  did  not  get  n 
vote.     The  opposition  to  Senat< 
to  his  votes  in  the  Senate  against   the  fr- • 

silver.  (  Mi  Jan.  '2'2  \>«l\i  hou-cs  pr.  . 
to  an  election  with  the  following  result  : 
term— Clark  <  |{eiiul>li<  n:  .  17:  Samuel  T 
( Democrat ),  0.  l-'or  -i\  years  fn.m  March  4, 

ren    (Republican),  -17;    William    11. 
Holliday  i  D-in... -rat),  6. 


Y 


IN  iv.i  \M>  is;,:,.  F,,HOW. 
in*  the  unprecedented  activity  of  the  ra'  ing 
season  in  U&8,  as  described  in  the  -Annual"  for 
that  year,  there  came  a  period  of  comparative 
uuirt,  oral  least  <>f  indifference  on  the  part  of 
the  general  public.  It  was  then  Udieve  1  that 
'  •  •!  the  sailing  yacht  had  ? 

a  t*r»int  wli-  •  .-l»y  was  no  longer  ju 

br  the  conditions.     The  building  of  9  large 
•  single  Dickers  " — 5  A  1  Rriti-h— 

oTrr%trM-k.^|    the    market   for  such  craft.      I -, 
raters  when  a  vessel  of  this  ifze  has 
y» '»  the  trial  race*  and  serveil  her  purj 
••ewwfuHy  defending  the  "  Am.-ri«-a'-  "  «  up  -lie 
f  u^p   f'>r  pleasure  yachting,  and    is 
I  into  A  «rh  ne  way 

ad*;4  •••H-Uofh. 

In  Rnt.*h  water*  the  conditions  are       ,   .vhat 
different,  since  the  whole  coast  of  th.    i 


Kingdom   is  within   easy  sail  in- 
is  pOSi<il»l.-   to  arrange  a  series  of  races  offering 
i\e  inducements  to  yacht-men  thn-:. 

The    |'ri:  s's  culler 

tannia."huilt  after(J.  I.   Watson's  design,  I 

e.jual.  ht.     At  th- 

of  the  s4-as<»n  of  is'J.'i  -he  wa-  ea-ily  chanij 
the  Brit  i-h  sailing  II- 

no  doulit  ilue  to  the  intcii-  ..f  the 

Hriti-h    \aeliiing   |.iil.|ic   to   the   prii 
one  of  the"  Britannia's  "crew  i-iheh;. 
within  the  reach  of   tin-   Knglish  sailonnan.  an  1 
her  outfit  is  prohalily  the  m-.-t  perfect,  from  the 
>acl,!sinan'-  po; 

the  wide    world.      P..-vond    all    thi-.    however,    is 
the  nndoulited  excellence  (.f  her  mod.-l  and   her 
proverhial  "  luck."  which   i-  a  p..w. -rful  < 
in    the  estimation    ol  _r    folk,    h" 

much  it  may  !.<•   d»-pised  l»y  the   mutter- 


YACnTIXG   IX    !<**  AM*  laM. 


landftnan.  The 

tie  twytrtid  "  !!/»!, 

.    IN-I-H  rumor*  al  ti: 

•Wanda  >fH«| 

rvtfrrtiai- 

..Ubly  |,ltt<c.l 

• 

U  M*»   Ihr 

«'  season  •  '  imkc  i«/t 

-v  open  lo  her. 

«  i       •      '       , 


'**  law  f%nr  •*#* 

toll 


I  **?*?**±?* !*  « 


*  IW  iM    IM»  talA. 

. 

• 


nin  it 

•Illtf    thr  .iKtrii'.t 

,..          ;    .    .         , 


IB£ft  certain  |»ri<i<-  in  ih.  '  .  •  that 

ll-  i-\iT   | 

in  iini»rtaiit  rmc*,  juaJ 
honor  of  Briti 
;  lain  laiiK'ilap-  in 
•   who  three  eaveml  I 
••Vigilant  "  u|«-n  th,-  n*-U  and  final h 
MM  oeiiU>rU*nl  out  of  h,  r 

imwt  tinjM.rtnnt  r»«  • 
tliat  f 

rat-i«   for  \v 

itta  of  Jul\  *»  »aw  a  jfTtrv. 
on.-*  ini-haj'.        «        li   in ••-•    f.  r-  m  >•     , 

Calkyrto." 

f  the  year  beforv  •»• 
.UnitaV' 
wan  ! ..  .tins  for  »• 

•11  thr  ra- 

get  her  they  sailed 

i  won  nf  ""Vigilant  "  6.  and  ">«i«- 
tated  ranttaii  of  It: 

redoounw*  where  frrottent 

Deoenanr  and  where  "  Uarr 

ithi-r  than  th.-  rulr.     Whetstvtr 

.nit  -  ha.i  hrr  an.l  a 

•Mud  **  the  pa 

*    naval    offlivr.  Oeorfe 

•I  in* 

:;..;.;• . 


ipa  to  | m •  vi-  that  the 

:  thai  •!»_  vaaprv- 

oroai  channol   rn. . 

.tff«»nlr«l  a  fainrr 
r   roiiu^rin  •    thr  two  bt 

l^»:,. 

n-hit.-!.  I 
"•  itanit.t." 

iv  and  fijat1*  H 

with   hi-*  f,,n...          Mptwr.  M? 
'•toon. 


768 


VArilTlN  S«.M    AND   1805. 


presence  of  an  uncontrollable  fl«  t  <>f  excur- 
sion steamers,  special I  measure*  were  taken,  and 
*>me  at  least  of  the  English  spectators  declared 
that  thev  could  not  see  that  one  boat  was  in<>i«- 
un  m  i  than  the  other, 

The  first  race  was  wi  I..  1  -.d.-r" 

won  br  right   minutes,  twenty  seeoi: 

he  race  was  satisfactory,  with  a  good 
Muling  brwce  and  fair  all 

second  race  was  on  >.-|-i.  1".     When  the 
boats  weft1  '  "'  1|"1  l;:  .r-i.-n 

. -d.  e.-mnii:  «>ut  "«'»r  tin-  lino,  was  t..  the 
lUrntly    ha\ini: 
light  of  way.     i:  ilalion  "  Yalky 

•ig  and 

carried  away  one  <>f  her  topmast  shrouds.    '   1 ' 
fender"  hoisted  a  protest  flag.  but   oontinoed 
the  race  and  was  beaten.     Every 
made  to  call  the  race  "off"  and  resail  it.  but 

Ihinravon  declined. 

The  third  race  was  started  Sept.   1'J  under 
what  seemed  extremely  favorable  oonditi< 

linen,  a  clear  course,  and  the  exeur-ion 
fleet  quite  out  of  the  wav.     \:    r     ding     l» 
fender  across  the  starting  line,  ••  Valkyrie"  put 
nUitit    and   returned   to   her  anchorage. 
Dunraven  explained  this  a  ig  that 

•,ur  conditions  (specifying  tin-  ex- 
cursion fleet)  he  must  decline  to  sail  any  more 


••••1   much  Indignation   in 
i«-a  and   some  surprise    in    l-ln-land.    l>ut 
i? could  be  done,  and  Ixml  I  >unruven  sailed 
for  h  • 

In  a  few  weeks  there  appeared  in  "  London 
Field  "  a  letter  from  Dunraven  specifically 
charging  that  after  having  been  officially  meas- 
ured t  i  with 
extra  ballast,  sinking  her  4  Inches  deeper  in  the 
water  than  when  she  was  measured. 

As  this  was  a  direct  charge  of  scoundreli-m 
against  the  managers,  it  could  not  be  ignored, 
and  a  meeting  »f  the  New  York  Yacht  Club 
WMcalM  '  ""•  A  cotninittee  \\ 

.'  -f  .1.  PierjiMiit  Moru'un.  Wil- 
liam c.  Whitney, George  I*  Rives,  (  a|.t.  \  I. 
Main  :  the  H...,.  K.  .1.  I'hrlps 

i  Dunraveii  cmnied  the  oc.-aii.  hrinu'ing 
with  him  distinguished  legal  coim-.-i.  The  New 
York  Yacht  Club  engaged  Joseph  1 1 .  < 
of  the  New  York  bar.  L<>r<l  I >unrav.-n  n-t  uni.-l 
at  once  to  Rnglan  i  aft-r  -iviMLr  hin  own  testi- 
mony, in  effect  thnt  to  the  \»>*i  <>f  his  judgment, 
from  ocular  observation,  the  trim  of  UK 


fender"  was  altered  as  charged  l.y  him   in  his 

letter  to  the  M Field."    Many  witnesses  were  e: 
ainined.  including  members  of  tin-  crews  «>f  h«.th 

r.ilicii    of    all 
thd  evidenOC  the  committee  made   the   following 

rt  : 

"I  I", n  a  rar.  fill  ron^di-rat  i<Ul  of  the  \\holi- 
Case,  the  •-, .iniiiiil. •••  are  unainmoii-I\  <>f  the 
opinion  that  tlir  <  har-r  made  l.y  Lord  LJunraven, 
and  which  i  'In-  subject  of  this  in vesti- 

n.  had  its  origin  in  mi.-lake:  that  it  is  i 
onlv  not  -u-taiiicd  by  evidence,  but  i-  <  -mpl. 
Iv  disproved;  and  that  all  the  ciivumstai;'  efl  m- 

aioatea  i>\  him  M>  •  t-.  hi-  Mi-j.i- 

ntirely  and  -at 

deem  it.  therefore,  but  ju-t  to  Mr.  l-clin  and 
:-'mcn  eoncerned  with  him.  as  well  a-  to 
•  •Micers    and   crew   of    th<'   •  I  Vfcml.-r,'  that    : 
rmplialically  Ih.-in 

viei ion  that  nothing  whatever  occurred  in  con- 

n.-elioii  with  tin-  race   in   <|iie-tion  that  ca>ts  the 
least  su-picion  upon  the  integrity  or  proprietj 
their  conduct.     And  the  committee  an'  not  Bill- 
ing to  doubt    that    if    Lord    hunraven    had 
mained  j»resent  thriMiglu»ul  the  in\«-t  iurai  i-n.  so 
as  to  ha\e  heard  all  t  he  evidence  t  hat  ua-  in! 
duced.  he  would  of  his  own  motion   have  with- 
drawn   a  charge  that    was    so    plainly   founded 
upon  mi-take,  and  that  has  been  >o  unfortui; 
in  the  pulilieiiy  it    has  attained  and  the  \<>. 
to  which  it  has  giv.-n  ri-e." 

A  courteoii-  message  was  sent  to  |.,,rd  Dun- 
raven,   informing   him   of   thi>  condu-i-iii  and 
hinting  that  as  a  member  of  the  dub  some  ; 
sonal  recognition  of  thiseom-lu-ion  would  be. 
pectcd.     None  was  forthcoming,  although  it  was 
understood  that  his  lordshio's  resignation  was 
on  the  way.     It   did  not  arrive  in  time  for  the 
meeting  of  the  dub.  and  if  it  had  the  fan  would 
probably  have  made   no  dill.  the  dub 

in    its  then  temper  would    have   refused  to  ac- 
cept it. 

The  club  therefore  proi-.-ed.-d   to  pa<*  n 
lution.  with  only  one  dissenting  vote,  pxpdlr 
Lonl  Dun  raven  from  hi-  Imn-irary  member-hip, 
on  the  Around  that   having  made  diar_'e-  ..f  dis- 
honorable conduct   against  fellow-members,  and 
having  failed  to  prove   them,  he   had   al-o  fa, 
to   make  the  only  aim-mi,   possible   for  a   genl 
man  when  he  finds  him-«-|f  mi-taken. 

The  yacht  club  acted  throughout    with  the 
utmost  courtesy   and    consideration     for    Lord 
I>unraven.  and   a   number  of  the  be-t    Kn^lish 
journal-  have  atlmitted  the  practical  just ; 
its  verdict. 


INDEX 

10  Tm  *E8,  NEW  ftUUn,  Of  Till  A 

1876  to  1896. 


by.  111. 


^•feh.  the  SI.. 

-3MMT,  U.801. 

AM  •:.„.,.  !>..  .  . 

,,  117. 
U^^^^^^K  6. 

an,  xi.  «. 

^KlT»hm.n>  Kimti.  x  .  1  ;  »tnM|lt 

;.  5»l. 
MS. 

..  •!  I. 

A    .:•::!' 

mabtet  J.  .1  :>74. 

'. 

on,  S.  l>*k 

AC. 


V  I     4feMM»C«M  • 

Affewi, kmSU by . rt. MIL  t'g.iit^i  m*  tin  tlgi  • 

lnji|ma.D^W»^«4JL,i,<tr.        EVlMt*.) 


I  •  -    -V 
^    -  • 


\U,  «7«. 


ttmt 


^. 
xxxv.  —  19  A 


77(> 


1NDKX. 


Bawia,  xi,  5 ;  revolt,  xi,  5 ;  trans- 
an  railway,  xi,  6;  x. 

s«ian 

.        .      •  :    KM   .:.    x: 

V;  re- 
hellion  in.  itrulexpe- 

^^  ^int  claimed  by,  ii,  4; 


to^U.  Hi  to  x ;  effect  in  India, 
.  meeting  In  Lon- 
don liacuueTln  Par- 
liament,   v,   880,  887,  84 

.:..-.•         rr.  -      '.  ••  :..•  .\'. 

.  -•        .    •>.       -     :  -:!..t    in 

.,        .      ...        .          •     ,     i:,    Unt- 

Uh  polio,  ihdrawal  of 

-h  troop*,  vi,  859;   u< 

x,  *,  4:  xii,  8.  809;  map,  x,  8, 
497;  history  of  the  .; 

i»;v. 
t;v; 

•  .     ,  :   x.  11.'. 

895,  415,  459;  French  annexa- 
tion in  eastern,  ix,  889;  Italian, 
x,  504:  xii.  804;  Portuguese 
claims  in. 

874;  religious  institutions  in.  \. 
816.  And  see  articles  Cape  Col- 
ony, Congo  Free  State,  and  East 

Africa,  Central,  exploration  of,  see 
Geographical,  etc..  i< 
ume,  and  ix.  165,  171 :  treatment 
uvelcrs  in,  iv,  401,  402,406, 
:  customs,  iv,  403,  404;  ex- 
termination of  a  tribe,  iv,  407  ; 
interior  sea,  ix,  81 5;  map. 
849:  southern,  map  of.  \n 
exploration,    with    map,    xviii. 

African  migration,  xix 

.  894. 

Afrikander  Bond,  the,  x.  185. 
Af»rtF.L.vC.,^bit.,xv!,668. 

ider,  ix,  85. 

..  gbcicr  theory .  x,  407. 
A^to»,ix,7W»;  Brazilian,! 
AfkrV   Antonio    Augunto,    ot.it.. 

v     ..'•'..'. 

Agoew.  C.  R..  sketch,  xiii,  621. 
Agncw    !•    II  ...Lit.,  xvii,  581. 
\,      -•    .  v,  .  .. 

P?K.,  obit,  xvi,  668. 
^Co«nt*s«d\.aketcb.i,9. 


glacier, 
,  L..  jrl 


in  Wales,  xi, 
404;    in  Russia,  7'.-: 
many,xvUi,84«;  xx,321. 
A^rictatural  Jii^inctions.  xiv,  728. 
Agricultural  wheel,  xi,  42. 

'  '  .....  -:  --T:  v. 
10;  percentage  of  cultivated 
lands  In  various  countries,  ii,  8; 


—,.,.„._..  of,  in  N 

MuwinMinn.,ii.5i«;  in  Miss., 

I  i.  674 :  wheat  weighing  and  in- 

pwtion,  iv,  «4S ;    ftdlitaes  in 

•  .  .1    .:   ;.  ;,, 

v«,    1 


•    m.  -.' 

al^Soo.  vii,  Ml;  U.  8.  Depart- 
ffBsot  of.  e^Miabed.  xiii,  294: 
xiv.2IT:«a*b!k»,xvi,84&  And 


Awawd  \ayk  Pastis, 


ii.n. 


Ahn,  Prof.,  x,  191. 
Ahrens,  C.  1 
AigwaVJ.,  obit,,  Ui.  681. 
Aigner,Josci  .708. 

..631. 

'ni]»rrs.Ko«l, 
Aird,  Thomas,  sk«i<  Ii.  i.  1 !. 

Ai/punir,  Gen.,  x,  179. 
Akcrman,  A.  T.,  obit,  v,  587. 

it.,  xi,  708. 

Akho  -148. 

Akko*. 

A  km  i  tablet  at,  x 

Aknui.  ohi,,,  xvi,  146. 

.n,  S..  ol.it..  xi,  708. 

Aktapa,  x.  8,  10;  \ 

Akt.-lia.  di>tri.-t  «-l,  x.  4,8. 

Alal.ai. 
etc.. 

raent  of  Ajrncultun-,  viii. 
law,  viii.  -j  ;  Tn-asurerabscoixlcd, 
viii.   ;5 ;  lumlu-r  industry,   ix.  7  : 
coal  in,  ix.  7  ;  Confederate  monu- 
IIM  nt  in  M-.nt  jomery,  xi, 8  : 
of  Capitol,  ii,  !•_':  pension 

Alabama  claims,  the,  x,  486. 

Alan.  viii,  151. 

Alarcon,  P.  A.,  ol.it.,  xvi,  663. 

Alarms,  electric,  ix,  809. 

Ala>ka,  iv.  -jt :  xx.  '.' :  map. 

'.' ;  people,  v,  301  ;  u< 
pivi-rmncnt,  v,   648;  stii' 
\i.  U;  fur-seal  industry,  vii,  6; 
glaciers,  xx,  10;  mountaii 
10  ;  volcanoes,  viii,  287 ;  xx,  10 ; 
Tcrrito-ial  government,  ix,  10; 
.':80.  826;  cxpi-.li- 
tion  to,  xii,  814;  gold  in.  .x 
xvii,  298;  boundarv  <.t,  xiv,  862; 
;55,  831 ;  reindeer,  seal  is- 
lands, whaliiiL'.  xx.  1 1. 

Alaskan  chief,  tomb  of  an,  i! 

Alatorre.  Gen.,  x. 

AU.anian  Li-ninn-. 

ri'iid.  r  of  ti-rrit-.ry,  v,  »^7,  688; 

'•' 

I '.' :    map   of 
Albania,  i,  7*>1  ;  disturbances  in, 

Albanv,  rapitol  at.  iv,  671:    vi. 
658;  vii. 

159;  bi-ccnu-ntiial  ..f,  xi,  8;  stadt 
buls,  Illustration,  xi,  8:  old  D 
church,  illt^tration,  xi,  11  ;  flnjr, 
UJustration,  xi,   11  ; 

•-J9. 

AUNT-.  J.  fi  .  :>S8. 

Albert,  Prince   o  made 

Regent  of  Bnu  118. 

Albert,  Prince,  obit.,  xvii,  588. 
Albert,  W.J.,  obit.,  iv,  692. 
Albert   Lake  circumnavi^rated,  i, 

881 ;  Stanley's  journey,  i,  838. 
Alberta,  viii,  81 ;  ix, 
AlUr 

Albertis,  explorations  i 
A Hery,  James,  sketch. 

'.i,  Marietta,  obit.,  xix,  608. 
Alb:echt,  F.  R.,  ob'.t.,  xx,  603. 


Albrecht,  W.  E.,  *< 

All. i,' 

Alliiin. 

Albun 

•  •I.  in  a  imxtut 
]-"iiit   of  niixturr.N.  \ 

•  :     i 

Al.-.tt.  I..  M.,  nl.it.  an.l  p..it 
Al.l.-n.  A.Imiml  .1 

Aldrll,  .ln.-rpll,  <>! 

Al.-k. 
Al.-rt,  : 

iv. 

71'.'.   7 --'7    ft  K4J.,  7f.:-'. 

in  in. -lit  :m  . 

Alcxan-li  r  II.  «>f  TJn^- 

ii,    i 

ti'-n,  viii,  704,  706;  sket«  i 

•I*,  x,  140. 

Al.-xaiidi-r.  A.  .1  .  .".68.     ' 

.  B.  S.,  obit 

phrey ),  ol'i 

xiii. 

(irand  Dul. 
obit.,  ii.  .MM. 
Alexandrr.  II..  Jr..  ••! 

r»6. 

-«  r^'.    obit., 
xviii,  576. 

ndcr  of  Orange,  ol.it..  i 

560. 

Alexander,  W.  L. 
Alexandra,  F..  >k.  t  1 
Alcx;i: 

ron   at.   vii,  L1 1  .   -J-J 1 ; 

bombardment  .  'J',0; 

nity  »'«iinini»ion,  vii. 

on  chartfi-  .  298. 

.n-lrinc,  Grand  Ducheh 

121. 

Alfalfa,  rult  i,  631. 

A  Itin 

Ai: -ii-.  >.  :  to  ij^H 
nsit'  .  ranetj 

viii,  397;  x,  l ;  it,  viili 

735 ;  obit.,  x,  656. 

of  A 

D(   in,  ii,   l  ; 
:  revolt,  iv.  ineDty 

:  unw, 
lanJH 

i;  4 

298;  xiii,  353;  V<JB 

xvi,  818;  xvii,  2S1»;  xviii, 
Algol  ii.  44. 

Ali  l.in  Said,  ol.it.,  xv'ii 


:  "tchtm  a( 

UUUdl.  .krtrli,  iii,  II. 


\  .. 

A'.k*:  .  t    -     I 

Si >  -  •  i 


wwutiz 

'•  ^ff?fs**?**§  3s*3*- 

SffiT  sssi?^  S5Srf 

.   :  . 


lit 

libo 


Allibooe. 


•Hilnratlia.lN^.a.tlp. 
••wi  »  »  aajada,  IWL  WT 


ggy'71!!'  ^  .*yt-/  *•  •*• 


7  qt  •.  us _ii 

*<•    MM«M   Ma». 

UyrarioyaoaMtr 

Wr--4^ 

i  - . '.-. . " ' . 


«r.        til :  miiartM 

SAX  ••**  ^M  Mff  a^BL  ana 
^,  »•«,  a^  aw.  ^M|  w« 


' 
& 


;   .  x.    -••• 

tic. 

A    .1 

i»t. 
Alfeo.     William,     phil.nthropbt, 

Ml. 

V.  ,-n.   U      i 


••lor.  illu-tm; 

Allil;tfl.;,in.   \S  .  .  .   .      « 

A||..i,.  ||,,,n  ' 

M 

Alf.i-T.1,1.-.,  ...x.   ..-.   ...»;    ,        - 


' 
vu-w  of  cabin,  \i\,  ; 

TuniH-N,  %ii.  II;   i..a- 

A  ..       !  ,M&;  |««. 

•ra  of  Parlkment;  \i,  S4»;  flruil 

loot*  T,  SU6 ;  gnrcromeot  o/t 

RVT;  i\.  .-.40,  .V.»;  x,  SW, 
Abliui.  A. l"!t  -.  ikaig   .    . 

Altar.  K.MII 

-     .:    -.    v   .        . 


;  ;M 


IXDKX. 


Anglican  Churchea,  ill  every  vol- 
uiue;    re*  •!•.;•••• -i.    in    nv..' 

the  Atbn, 

IS:  U"b 

loo.  ninica- 

lioi.  •      •       • 

'•  :  '•  -. 

mbtake*  in  in  .IMS  of 

•ii.  14; 

iiirriape  rwrulati. 
tiw  »eats  in  churvhca,  23; 
Conjrre**    of,   x.   i-"' 

.  -M. 
Anglican  ritualistic  001 

U; 
n. 
Angto  -  Belgian   Agreement,    xix, 

Anjrto-Saxon    coins,   dog    up   in 

i;  -...  .x.  .•'. . 
Anclo-TurkUb  o  tilurc 

Amrra  IVjucna,  Jx,  110,  362;  x, 

.c  salts  new,  iv,  182. 
Animal  cl>< 

:  :  - 


Animal  imlu-try  bnrvau.  i\. 
plant*,  iv, 


\-   |  .. 


•, 


Animala,  societies  for  prevention  oi 
80L 

\n   -a       :.   x.   _".-. 

Annam.    Sec  Anatn. 

•Ii-.  M.I..  xvii.  Id. 
Ann  Arbor,  v  .  102. 

Annenkoff,  Gvn..  xiii.  7. 

rvctition  in  cases 

\viii.881. 
-••j.i.i.  xvii,  584. 

Ansdelt,  K.,  obit.,  x,  •  • 

•"•i*4. 

II.  A..  -Lit.,  ii.  -r»92. 
An«t»d.  I>.  .  597. 

'.          •  - .  \ .    - '. . 
AntiK't 
Anthotiv    AU.-mi, 


\    • 

'  •  • 


II.  H  1. 

JaiK<  :i. 

it.,  ii,  575. 

Anthrawtw-.  .167. 

.  19. 

:40. 

AMlAMn.xi.Kf. 
Antf-frrment,  an.  ii,  97. 
Anti-foreign  movement  in  China, 

Antilles  Dani-h  and  Dutci 

7W,  7M. 
i-on  partv,  the,  v,  697. 

!  <*/uc,  vi,  652. 
•««y-mJne>  -••,!«; 

1    rt  >iral.  xii,  486;  reduction 
• 

A otinorl  expedition,  iii.  862. 
AMfodiM  Tbaoa.  i 
AMifiMlai  island.  > 


Anti- 


„.  20. 


BUI  in 


882;  xvii,  168;  posts  at  Tangan- 
,w,  xiii,  870;   tin- 
.  i.  27. 

•  nxa,  x,  37. 

.      . 

•  '  .   v  i  \  .    1  -  : 

.  illu  — 
trat  B.    l.uil.linir. 

Anrcn^rnl'  tch,  xiv,  651. 

Aputiti-.  \iv,  16. 

.  xiii,  566. 

i  'it.,  i,  628. 
.i- 


v- 


Ai'(«l]..ni.-«.ii.    mi. 

Appalachian  'Mu 

.  \iii.  148. 
Appi- 
Aj'pl-  • 

Appl.  '  •  t«-li.iii.  10. 

Ai'pl<-t"ii.  .I«'hn  A..  -K' 

Appl- 

Appi.  •  '1. 

Applft-.n.  \Vi^..  xvii,  108. 

ApiMHi  at.  x,  480; 

i-liii!  .  769. 

Appoii  -it.  ..hit.,  i,  028. 

Apportionment  <>i 

lull  ii  .  vi.  1^4;  \i 

in   X«-«    V..rk.  iv.  •;:!  :  \, 

See  also  li«—  lir-tri«-tin_'. 
Apu//-«.  F..  ..hit.,  v.  : 
A<jua.  Kim',  x.  1-M. 
A«iuatic  lite,  physiology  «•(.  i\.  M\. 
Aqueduct  of'Samos,  M,  34  ;  at 

\,  882;  new  Croton,  ix,  814; 

x,  '::. 

:»57,  659,  : 
;16. 

;..n<la,  Lake,  v,  295. 
Aquinas,  Leo  XIII  <>n,  iv.  7 
Aral.  •  MO;  x\ii.  17". 

Aral.i   Ahn,  Arahi  Bey), 

vi.    •_'.•}»'.:    vii,    -J41  ;    -.ketch    an-1 

|K.rtniit,  v 
Arabia.  in-urr«-'-ti"ns    in.   i\. 

-."*:  xvii,  7t:{;  pacification 

Arabic  Lexicon. 

Arena  100. 

Arounii 

Arbitr  •lati'.nal.  xiii,  284; 

•  •l.li^tti'.n  of  iiM-n-hantM  to  abide 
bv.  vi.  -Jl  :  ..f  I'nitr.l  stntca  on 

•  li-1 

..<  •cluiiiiH  between  rnit.-.l   - 

1,469;  boards  of, 

in  France,  ix,  844. 
ArW-da.v,  x  i.  509. 

Arbuv  it.,  i.  628. 

Ar«-l  :.;»8. 

Archbinhop,  powt-r*.  <•}.  xiii,  14. 
Arrh.-r.  Fn.l.  .1  708. 

Laid,  Sir  A  x\ii. 

I>  .  '.bit.,  i,  028. 
Architecture,  ^vptiao. 
Arc-lamps,  ix,  804. 


Arc«" 

ration,  in. 

Int.   :;s ; 

Ami  M-V  <;« ••••.-rapliii-a 
i   tin-,  in  ; 

Anlmillaii.  I.nnl.  ->liit., 

.  850. 

Ar<  tiiiii.  ( .i.i.i...  i\.  549. 
Arl'ak  M.iinitain 
'inc.  Kan.. 
Ar^'i  utiiif   K'rpir 
tun 

illustration,  iii. 
with  Chili,  vi. 
liih 

tinaii.-iitl  <li-j. n-.-i«> n.  i,  86; 
:  •;  iii.  l1^.  i 

Lmprovements.  i.  86;  iii.  . 

liiiL'rati-.ji    t-.,  : 

i\. 

A\  n 

r. -vr.lt>    1:1,    iii.    17  : 

.     with 
t'n 
41  ;  «-\|'l-.i:iti"! 

•.  aiiip   laihi-. 
national  i-.xhibiti->n  ii 

xvii.  ;• ;   xviii. 
Ar.'\ll.  l> 

x\i.  -Jl. 

<pi«->ti<in  in.  viii.  17  : 
in.  ix,   17  ;    in. 
tjrai 

ix,  41  ;  Iii'lian 

vii.  ^H;  liiinbi-r 
87: 

.     1'.':    laii'i 

Ark  ..t  Noah,so-<a 

Arkan-a*.   in   <-\  .TV    vilnin 
nunciatioo  >.t  D 

• .    .  4  ; 

Springs  cane,  iii.  •-'  • 

t'air- 

mif 
horocstea 

intimidation  i' 
aid  bond 
cultural 
j.udi 
cati 
Arkansfl 

Arlberj:  Tunnel,  viii,  310;  x, 


PUMK 


gggy  V«     HMIMlM    M4    «lMw     *•         «MMMi  « 

-     "    '-  • 

•^pval  MM!  MM|MM»      j^,^  r*  *• 

' 
WtoOjwjJ    Aftbar^UaA.  U.  »:  j 

.."«...- 

•AiikU.B.im. 


. 


^^•rjr. 

• 

J 

\r;t.  '._•    .  *»;r   )  '  A 

fln4   Itv 


.  .    -          •      • 

r  SB* 


,    v   :. 


f,f 

\ 

AMtevaO.  «i,  44. 

A^bi«aU,  T  .  --»-»t  .  > 
A*nb, 

\ 


•<*».     A* 

^->.  ^ft^v-. 

->k  n-ci'Mi 

\ 


*Miiiijf  l"r\>ui  l»i.«tir;; !' .  '< 

d. 


774 


INDKX. 


Audience  question  in  « 

\     ;  •    •          .   '..';. 

\        .•.!;.      •  .  •  ..  •••»». 

\  •        •  :.  -,.-.:  .  ..     I..".- 

V  ...  :  '..  vv.  •;;  :. 

v  ...        i  .:  h.  v,v.  -;.•:.. 

Anjsburv.  illustration,  i,  848. 

Au^rusta,  Baprosa,  obit.,  xv.  878. 

Aofu  • 

o  de  1'aludines,  Gen.,  ot.it.. 

Auriga,  ne»  i.  44 

Attristm  new  drug  wso.i 

\   •     .  i:  ••      -.  -.  :.  '  «:'  viii.  -'.-: 

arf. 

Aun-ra  Kinj.  the.  888, 
Ansschtktz.  •  \,  167. 

\.-.T.  -  -  .i..-,  ,; . ,  • . 


xix, 


Austin,  Texas  new  Cnpi-   1  »t.  vii. 

;ii»;  dam  at.  xvi- 
Australasia,  xx,  82;   explorations 

41. 
Austr*l»M»n  Colonies,   nin\ 

!..,-•          .      ...v.    ;.:.:;     vi.4.";     Viii, 

10;  ix,  *• 

61  ;  postal  '.  ;  defenses, 

.-    .  .    ••,-,./  ..T:  lenemes,  \.... 
81  ;  x,  69  ;  silver  discoveries,  ix, 
59;  Federal  Council,  x,  57 
imitation  of  convicts,  ix,  57,  58, 
.14  v  :  -.-c  also  Australia 

an-1  i 

Australia,  scheme  of  federation,  see 
Australian  Colonies  ;  gold  min- 
ing, I,  M;  animals  of,  illuMra- 


i,  64;   ii,  51,  62;  1- 
tree,  illustration,  i,  58:  view  of 
Melbourne  post-office,  iv.  f>: 
parii:. 
U,  58.  libraries  in,  ii,  50;  prize 


•  w*  w  *     •  •  vi  HI  •  vt»    •  i«  ,    »i ^   w  ^     | '•  i*-^ 

•very  of  coul.  ii, 
ministerial  rhaii|.i«. 

39;  oonstitutionnl  <ri- 
t««ria,  vi,  45 ;  nu^ar  cul- 
ture in  Queensland,  vii.  44  :  Inn  1 
act  and  n  x,  59; 

drouffht  in,  69:  *ih 
aunexatkio  nf  Papua,  889 ;  trans- 
portation of  French  convicts  to 
Papua,  57,  68.  842;  defenses,  x, 
10;  Xi,  69;   xii.  46;  coot 

udan.  x.  80;  Russian  war- 
scare,  x.  81;  American  postal 
mot*.  ».*i;  rail  mod*  in,  \ 

i.  85; 

bill  to   prevent   importation  of 
convicts,  xii,  48';  volcanic  ernp- 

AosUaUa  ., 

•  i..  ...  ;. 

M :  a  Fe^jvcan,  illustration,  ii,  58 ; 

..  .    . 

:      . 

M ;  Tonga  Uaads.  ii,  68?  8amo« 
ind,.  see  8a- 

•      "     •       •. 


<  hristiao  natives,  v 

N 
labor-truttio  in  tl..    >.<nth>  n 

•  •.  •     .    n..  -   ..   i,    ..;!«!.-       ..  •     ! 

New  (.mi 

DNtV    \iii.   ::i  ;    \,   68; 
mi  rt9. 

848. 

.  78. 

.•.•ury.  xiii. 

82;  XX,  70;   civil  tn;irria-<-  1-ill, 

iilliot  with1 
\\ 

. 
.11  intlut  IMT.  (iludatone  on, 

•••llunimria-      M  .-  .    in 

rj     x.'luiiM-;     Ati-Lrl'-'u-h    bc- 

twet'n   Au>tri;i  :in<l    limiL'arv.  ii, 

55, 56, 67;  iii.  ) 

'     •   .,t\    nf 

SunStefano,  iii.-i:. :  . .f  Merlin.  i\. 
82;  important o«, mi  i'  IH(.  iv,  64; 

.-nation  of  Count   An- 
and   succession   «i    I'..t".n    |lav' 
rle,  iv,  65;    religious  toietm- 

ti->n,     iv,     67;      <lcn<iiiiinati'>nal 
:!ii't    ..f  na- 

tionaliti. -.  ,  I;  xi, 

1      ' 

onciliation  with  Bnsaia,  «>3;  la- 
bor  trout 

change  ol  Cal.inct. 

nnd  floods,  i,  69  :  \i. 

illustrations,  i.  ii,  56, 

67,  68;    iii,   48.     See    Eastern 

Question. 

A ut' >phone,  x,  617. 
Autrnn,  Joseph.  ol>it..  i 
AIIZOUX.  T.  L.  .}..  ol.it..  v.  :>98. 
Avalaii-'lu-s     in      S\v  i;/,-i  lan«l,     vi. 

880;  in  Italy,  iv 
Av.  n.-.  r.  the.  ix,  377. 

U,  John  T..  ski-trli.  xiv,  «  17. 

A\«-ry.  <;«•".   \\  ..  obit.,  xviii,  589. 

.  429. 
he,  x.  580. 
Awdrv,  SlrJ.  \v..  obit.,  iii.  649. 

.ui'l  H..  ol.it..  x\ 
Axuin,  rd'u-s  at,  illustration- 
.ohit..iii. 

t.,  xii,  569. 

'•-57. 

Ayinara-.  illustnition,  ii,  71. 
Ayoob  Kl'.-m.  \. 
and  fliu'lit.  vi.  4. 

lustration,!,  856. 
Avres,  Daniel,  '  32. 

:ail,vny,  viii,  678. 

Artec  Cnlendar    Stono.   tin •,    viii. 

6««-. : 
Aztec  Club' 

.  I*. 

Babl. 

.  :-l. 

. 

Babylonia,  expedition  to.  xvii,  14. 
Babylonian    dor  i.   80; 

exploration,  xiii,  88. 


Boccar  :.,xv,  678. 

K,66S. 

!'.;.•    I..  .  •:....    •  in,  :il  at.  :\.   l:>  ;    \, 

Bnooo.  I.-    !!..!•!.  -IM  tch,  \  i.  M. 

x.  7 

Of.    with 

' 

II".  ' 
I'.j.l.ik-l.an.  state  of,  x. 

[holm, 

Baden-Baden,  illu.-tration.  i. 

I 

..:..!   arniv  .  illu.-!;. 
xii. 

is,  •li-tri.-t  "f.  \.  4,  6. 
K .  I-;,  von,  ski  :  Ii.  i,  <'.o,  828. 
l.'n-ut..  ol.it..  xix,  609. 
Hatlin  Land,  n-.T. 

•i60. 
hot,  Walt.  P, 

Baggataway,  game  of,  x,  518. 
v,G.  K.,ol 

.  612. 

Bahadoor,  Sir  .).,  i.l.'n 

rvii,  798;  x 

Balm  in  !>!. 

Bahtia:  '-.  HL  681, 

\.,  obit,  i 

Bnilcy,  .lam. -  M..  obit 
.  .I.-.-ph  M..  obil 
Bailey,  Thcodonis,  sketch,  i,  69. 
Baillv.  A.  N..  >s5. 

Bain! 
616;  ol,,- 

Buinl.  Matthew,  ol.it..  ii, 
Baird, 
tndt, 

ith,  illoatral 

•  L,  «.l-it..  ii,  598. 

:.98. 
"09. 

an 
Baker,  William  Blih*,  pri»- 

• 
Biik- 

.  Willinm  M  ii,688 

Bakii  .  alum  in,  ii 

' 
Ba'ance  of  power,  xiii,  72. 


1XDKI. 


.MA; 


. 


4  *y.  i  T1J*,  7*7 
.'19. 

Ball,  !•' 

»4T. 

Hftllancc,  J  '.:«. 

Ball... 

|lal!-l,l...,-.  \*          ., 

" 
,.,, 

BalUv.    Dr..  exploration*    by,   li, 
tSS,  S54;  Iv,  401. 

noUwuior  la  •.  x,  tf ;  VOTAM  in, 
br  Burniby,  116. 
Ballot,  Uw  to  prwerit*  form  for, 

fcu-o  of,  In  MlMoari,  xxf  499. 

-l«. 


r.,  •**...««.  M*. 

u.ru,  i ; .;..'  ,'j'v  M 

»    -|-  '     ,      f     k«       jfc^la       _4     tf*m 
flWPVFt  ••    ••  .  OtMt,,  Wl.  Wit 

•KTSL, 

Bwbour 

I 


•  , 
•i. - 


inx,  :•!,,,  In.    .. 

MOM.  Uta  trati    ..  .  n 

t.-r  JoMDk   -.I-'  .  I  .  ' 

wtetM  ..::.;:.     : 
. 

,  si,  160;  Uluoratkm,  I, 
niver«arv,  v,  4»4  ;  water, 

rto.  daKripUoo,  iv,  4M. 
uittk«at,  x 

•  :'  '       ' 

'.'          .'  '    •        .•   .   •    - 


Bariw,  Fatawt.  otal..  li.  »:». 

SgH^4~ 


.*»•> 

! 


g"?1*.  ••  V»  -T" 
Bwln 

^Sj^i 

W»,  «ML  ,  MI  VV 


lank  »«.  v!;,-  ..-.-.-.. 
knkh. 

iMkrwfcn  bill,  BnflUI 

tanks ,1,xs.i.-.   «nal    -.  - 
Uw.-: 


i\.  ill ;   x   8*;  dfcot  of 

..-.,     -•.  •  i 


Bale*,  Clara  !>..  obit.,  xx,  56*. 

!:.•-•          •          .    r.aioo,  ;.  100, 
Bath.  EngUn-:.  illuntrution,  i,  859. 

M:  bath-room*,  v,  868;   kith 


...  \v.  H..  -k 

_  J*o' 

Btttre,  Co!  xiii.  4*6. 

BaudWm,  \V.  li.  '..m, 

•49. 

1  \.  vi,  256. 

.  «'.64. 

.  .-xl)i- 
i,  844. 
:;.  598. 
,-k.u-h.  i,  68. 

15...    '•  ••     :.    !...  •  l  it..  \v.  «;V1. 

KauniftUrk.  .  628. 

Batwc!  -.515,518. 

w  of  Baireuth. 
Dife  I    Mm  "'.'.  ri,  IM;  Otto, 

ienLTTcenrer. 

-      •-.  ri,  -.  •..     :..     •:. 


i:..  -.Kit.  xx,  568. 
mile,  x,  858,  868 ;  obit, 


i1..,      .  .'  •  .     \  .:..•  ;  .•,.-. 

:  .-     .  ..          ••          ..•    . 

portrait,  x,  756. 
Barard  mutinv.  the.  x,  178. 
148. 

Bayield,  Wfe.,  xviii.  158. 
Barter,  J.  K.,  sketch,  ii,  66. 

•    •    \  .     •-.••.:    -. 
-  .         -.-.....:. 

iteration,!.  817. 


•-..<•; 


• 

h 

'. 


Betr,  TO  we  of  the,  ix,  29. 

xiii.  660. 

Bawd,  .....  >.-    M.  .  ..i.i-..  MM.;,-,: 

•'.IS. 
Bw  >i.  .'..in  '   li..  ..i,.:.,  xviii.  M  '. 

li,  utkk  i  .  8,  I1...  •  i-'.t  .  xv.  MS, 
Ik»«r»,  x,"  8H7  ;  xvi,  541. 

• 
'. 

.  588. 

• 

and 

i,  677. 

i.880; 

i\.    : 

-.  \  iii,  686. 

.  Albrecht.  obit.,  xvii,  588. 
Bf-li!  L  684. 

..iKilan.l.  ix.  ill,  HUM: 

184;  war  in.  viii.  ;•-  ;  x,  M 

nt.  x.  si',;  \\ 

..t'Ni.-kirk. 
x.87;  .-'.uriirt  o}'autli<.iitv,x,  88; 

..inn  xati  .11   «.f    liriti.- 
110.    See  also  Cape  Colony. 
Beck,  J.  B.,  obit 

.  .1.  T.  v.,n.  ,,1,it.. 
\Viiliai,,  K  |   583. 

"-S8. 
Becker,  II.,  obit 

.  K.  F..  Obit,  ii,  598. 
Beckni;iiiii.  .1.  II..  i.liit..  iii.  • 
IWkwith.  Aino-.  «,i,it..  \ix,  564. 
Beckwith,  r..  .,l,it..  xv,  638. 

Beckwit  h.  T..  -l-it..  iii. 

it..\i,790; 

J 

•   h.  iii,  58, 
650. 
Bccquerel,  A.  E.,  obaerratioi 

xii.  11". 

.  588. 

.  564. 
Bcda.  •  i.81. 

Becbc,  Bri-  :t.,  xx, 

Ii  and 


Be.1*.  JOMT*.  .ketcfa,  xlv,  618. 


. 

II..  r-kctvl,.  xiv,  618. 

.1.  \\  ..  ohit..  ii.  r,75. 
Beer,  tax  on.  vii. 

Beent,  Wil  ii,540. 

Bct-t-siurar.  i.  94  ;  new  pro*l 
75;    in   Delaware,  iv,  811;    in 


.. 

:i.     British 

r.  Nulluin.  d'it.. 
Belfact.  r'."-~  in.  v 


-.H  aii'i 
7  : 
ulur  ««lu.-ati'.M. 

<-||;i!lL.'«'-  ••' 

rliiircli    fuml!*.    \i. 

C01I' 

drri.-iiK  nhd    I'ltraiii'-nia- 

:  <>\\  \\  :tli  tin-  <  '.•I.^-M  ^'. 

H.-L'rH«l.'.  illii-trati-.n.  i 

;,.  \\  .  \V..  i,,,,. 
i.  1  ',38. 

•.iliain.    in\- 
,  linn  nt>  l.\  .   i.    . 

157, 

ti<»!. 
xii.  . 

.  !'_'. 

Hrll.   ' 

.i,,]:ll.  ol.it..    \.\.  008. 

B-ll.  Hint.  x.  1-J1. 

.  :»98. 

.  Sir  N.  i 

BtUK  V..1I.  . 

Bc-llri,.  F.  II.  T  . 

•   ..„   t,y.  iii. 

Bdl.'va  Railroad,  »  i/c<l.  xiii, 
688. 

I'-llion  in. 

British  occu 

Kenan.  I 

•  .bit.,  \\,  '604. 

river,  cxploruti" 


Beat  Ztmoor.  rebellion,  *iii,  A74. 


I.  t- 

ttmSJP 


a    £3*3fctsi 


..... 


-ketch,   pun  nil. 


Berber,  tall  •  i.  ix,  <97;  tnkco  by 
Berber  tnboi,  n  :>7«. 


ILflK 

iSryjffruM .i      i«?*  it  «i  «a 


'; 

^j^^^w^i^S^ 

'' ." 


*l.  »krtch.  xiii.  **». 
•wa. 

*; 


•rtfTo.iT. 

• 


sS^^ 

BtoElii 

gfcgffc*"1- 
BS3SSt>'*:is*a;ii  ^  •* 

r. 


M^d^  i*.  «t  m,  mi  ^igj^ig,^ 


, 


778 


INDEX. 


Bishop,*  19. 

i;.<  ••-     liamstown,vU,81, 

Bbho£ic*,lnEn?Un.i 

i;  ..          r....        M-  i     t i..!i  ••:'.  ii. 

consecration  of,  ii,  27:  lia- 
>  of  church  pmpt  • 

.     ; ,   - 

i:  :.     .-.        -    :  x:.  MA 

Dakota,  xix 

;  ;;.-,-    .-,.,!•,..!,   ..i 

.    v.   ..-•<•;    :.i..l 
SoofaUsfe,  iii.  880;  negotiations 

ofsllisn.. 

ami  the  German  Parliament, 
ri,  888;  defeat* of,  vi,  844;  state 

::,      '.    .       .       -     .  .,,,-. 

-.    ...,-:....  -A'.ti.  KM, 
•A  .   \i\.  llfl  :  r.  •  •!!- 

ciliation  of  Russia  and  A 
ix.  «4 ;  the  stat' 

8M;  not  a  letter  .859; 

bis  party,  ix,  860 ;  his  concessions 

.  -•:•      •'. 

'          .     x.        :      : 

-•"  H  *q.\  xi,  888,  889,  890; 
.816;  retirement  of,  xv,  879 ; 
xri,  887.    See  also  Germany  in 
•     •    . 

Bismarck  Archipelago,  x,  681. 
Btaajfoi  lahuids,  rebellion  in,  xvi, 

BiajeU,  W.  II.  A.,  obit.,  xvi 
Bfssell.  Wibon  8.,  sketch  and  por- 

Bit  Karziyabku.  citv  of,  ix,  18. 

K.'  II ..  *k,-t«-h.  iv,  740. 
Bixby,  J.  U.,  obit.,  i,  618. 
Biaardi,  Cardinal,  obit,  ii,  694. 
Binosero.  experiments,  viii,  688. 
Bicrknes,  experiments,  vi,  404. 
Biorkmann,  Invention  by ,  x,  845. 
Bjdrason.B..  in  politi. 

Blasuw  Krantz bridge,  x,  »• 


.-,  •    .    x 
Black,  Henry  k.t  obit.,  xviii.  541. 

**&!Ssgm 

BI**kFle.,Ti«,7«7;ix;i87;x, 

B^o^m^reinbfenXaotof 

•!    .  -.  •  :.-.  •  : 
Bbek  Friday,  x,  485. 
Black  Hilb  mines,  ii,  245;  ix,240; 


:-.-:  -. 

.»-••*. 

*^^*j»lS*m. 


•-....-. 

JJ» :  odeiai  pavers,  ace  Peru! 
Cm%  ste..  u!TV.nama  Canal ; 
£*»  on^  Gajteld,  ^  187; 


Blair   educational    bill,  t!,. 
Blair  alouteomen 

• 

.  59. 

Blake,  James,  expenm 
99;  vii,  89;  ix,  659: 
Bhte,  fimuel  Ii.,  obit.,  riit57i, 
Blako  W.  P.,  ix,  475. 
Blskcman,    Birdsuye,    obit.,   xix, 

Blak«:-:  N.  .1.  u  ;r,7. 

r.i.m  •.  I.  •  '.i-.  dcetch,  ?ii.  17, 

Blanchard, -I    ^  -75. 

Blanchard,  Jonathan. 

Blanchard,  Wyatt.  ..lilt.,  ii.  575. 
Blanchctt,  J.  (i.,  obit.,  xv,  675. 
Hlaiif-.nl.  Ii  »90. 

Hlunfor.l,  W.  T..  ix,  46;  xi. 
Blankinirsiiip,    James    A.,    obit., 

xviii. 

Blanqui.  A  i.  65. 

Bias  and  M  :m nts  by, 

r.24. 
Blaschko,  Dr.,  experimcntn  by,  x, 

BlashnVl.l,  K.  II..  ix,  245. 
Blaapbemj,  trial  t..r,  viii,  418. 
Blnstinir  powders,  x,  • 
r..nl.  L-.nl. 

. 

541. 

Blatta,  fossil,  illustration,  ix,  868. 
Blavnt-kv,  H.  p.,  ol.it.,  xvi,  665. 
Brazil. 

Bleaching,  agent  in,  viii,  115;  im- 
proved process  for,  x,  159. 
Bledsoe,  Dr.  A.  T.,  obit.,  ii,  575. 
rcu,  Gcorg,  obit.,  xvii,  585. 
Bl.-i.-hroi-drr,  <;.,  "l.it.,  xviii,  576. 
Blenheim  Palace  sale  of  pictures, 

xi,  845. 
Blculerand  Lehmann,  experiments 

by,  vi,  400. 
Blind,  education  of.    See  Howe,  i, 

:>». 

Blinn,  Christian,  sketch,  xiv,  619. 
i>.  Willard,  ikelcb,  xiv,  619. 
BIUu,  K.Iwi-  \vii,  r,S4. 

Bliss,  Isaac  G.,  sketch,  xiv,  619. 

.  P.  0.,  obit.,  x,  646. 
Bliss,  Philemon,  nki-N-li.  xiv,  619. 
Blitz.  Sijrnor.  obit.,  ii. 
Blizzard,  illustrated,  xiii,  602. 

' 

Block  M. -n  i.  K.  I.,  xx,  686. 
Block,  Lieut.,  survey  of  Greenland, 

516. 
Blodgett,  F  -.76. 

.  111. 

Blood,  pri-s-urc  .748; 

tnc< •!  arrest  of  hremor- 

rh«.  veries  con- 

\.    •;.".:.  ;  .-ir- 

cula;  ro.mporature 

of.  v  gnivity  of, 

Bloodhound,  th> 

Bloomer,  Amelia  Jenks,  obit 

Bloomington,  HI.,  xv,  120. 

•  "i      •_•  .  M.  !»..       ,'..  i.  613. 

Bloxani,  Charles  L.,  xii,  109. 


.  \iv,546. 
Blue  1/u-ks.  anni  versa  n  .  MI.  458. 

.  M  ].«-:ik.  \i 

i    !t  on,  \iii,299. 

Blm  tlini-r,  .1..  Improvements  of  tht 

j'ian«'  l.v.  L 
Blum,  Robert  ix,  245. 
Blumenburg.  Maj, 

Blunt.  AMI  I'.,  Bk 

Blunt.  - 

Blunt.  .1    II 

Blunt.  W 

Blunt's  study  ot  i 

Blunt 

Board  man,  G.  S 

>S9. 

Boats,  house,  xiii,  416  et  tfq. 

lapsable,  98;    submarine,    798  ; 

fi.Mimr.  xvi,  708. 

Bobb.-  k.t-h,  xiii,  628. 

.  889. 

•i.  i,  1 1". 
Bochf*  •i-rimentobv,  \iii. 

•'••"•  \ . 

Boch-  I,  -lr:it!i.  v,  659. 

B.M-kMi.  I>r..  xii,  679. 
Bocock,  li 
Bodenstedt,  F.  M.,  von. 

585. 

Bodichon,  B.  L.  8.,  ol. 
Bodisco,  W.,  obit.,  iii. 
Bodl. 

BM.IU.H.  .I..M-|.h   K.,  Ol 

Boehm,  Sir  1  ,.675. 

Boers,  war  with  the,  vi.  *7.  v 
89,  H-_':  ix.  ll-J.  11".:  x,  86; 
puted  grant  to,  x . 

r»..cr  tn-k.  tl»«-.  xvi.  1"7. 

Bogart,  W.  II..  tk<  tch,  riii, 
I 

Bogga,  Frank  M.. 

Bogoslov  1'. 

t..     i. 
lift. 

Bogran.  Luis,  obit.,  xx,  604. 
Bogy,  L.  V.  sketrii.  ii.  71. 

Bohemia,  c"!ii!i.t    «\' 
in.    v.    4:.:    l:.n.'iia^. 

peasants  of,  ill 
68;  xiv,  «51  ;  <lis<ird-  t 
Bohemi 

. 

i.  irj. 

Bolmstedt,  L.,  ol. 
Boisbaudran.    L.    .I--. 

,,i.  mi.  lot . 

•    .  -i.it..  x-. 

Bokhara,  x.  98:  K-i-ia  in. 
.-I winces  in, 

Britain,    i,    74:     o*-. 

Bolckow,  II .  \V. 
•J98. 

hilver  in,  x,  99 ,   c'n 
cotton-tree,  100;  new  oit; 


*av    100;  map.  U.  71;   ir- 
»«r  with 

-  •«  •     wl      9ftil  •     Ift^ll..*.    ••»  ,-Li^  . 

•»  :  BOW 

•''••••      -     '  -      •  * 

;••        :      •..-..- 

H, 

.  169. 

v*ti*»tioiM  by,  v, 

pi;  U    * 

"hit.,  ivill.  MS. 

,  .  ff^MMi^MMkjMftftM  In    Iv     B-A4  • 
|  HtllWTvlliCwl*  Ui«  •*•  •**  t 


m  t 


in,  xi.  4 

•-.-...  .      .  -    -    .    .    .        , 

Bombay     ami     Hunuah    TntfM 

. 


Bonb  out  nut*  in  Sf«in. 

-»,  illu.tr»: 

.  '   ,       • 

i 


;  -r  Matur  li 

|fc.IH.,tt,..»   .     .  ,:    '      ' 

Booaponr,  .1 

•>9I. 


i  ;  •  •        I     ,  •  .  •  i     N  .         •  .    > 

Bond  question,  iHtcuMMii  in  Con- 
Bood!  Hitirn  I.!.'«|.it..  xviii.  MS. 


S-    ' 

i:  '   '      • 

O^«^u«^—    rf*     ••         fc  •- 
••^•P,  '       I  •  «A. 

BorW,  AdoMi  I..  «ML« «.  ftm 

i-        •   : 

;:,;:•:;."•:.••    • 


See  abo  under  tit 

r 

It..|ih..::..    M      1 

i:  •  •     ,      '. 


r^rtAf 


780 


INDEX, 


i;    .-,.     .  .  .     -..'..•     .  x 
:  ..      \  -. 


'  ••-, 


BrahnuMism,  reform  of.    Soo  Urnh- 

•  . 


•         .'._•;. 


,;     -.        IP.          .      . 

i:    .-...::       •  •  .  ii.  :  •». 

x          •       - 

Bow,  Man-in  If.,  sketch,  xiii,  624. 

ln.M-,..ll. 

.  ii.  r 

;•-        ,-..  .!.         -.  -.!.it..  x:.  •    ..'.. 

.  1         !  ..  >U:   ....  xr,.  MO, 
!•>.  \ii,  :. 

BOWMV,  K.  ('      ob 

Bowie.  od-n.  ,,»,it..  xix,  565. 

;         .  M:     \.  K  .  ....:•..  .;;.;. 

;.    -      -.  -      .„    r_-  .  *k,-:eh.  i.  :.V 
Bowie*,  Sam  u.l.  fk-'.-h.  iii.  59. 
Bowling  Green,  xiii,  159. 
;      .-...-.  r  .1!     -  •  ..  •    •'::..  i\.  •••"  :. 
Bowman,  Col.  W.    P.,  port 

Bown,  O..  inv,  uti-.n  by,  iv,  134. 

.  98. 

Boxwood,  Cane,  x,  185. 
Boyee,  Rev.  Jam 

•'.         .  .'   ••       :'..  *k.-t,-i,.  xiii.  •;•_•:.. 
!:         •-.  x-..  ;   . 
Boycotting  conspiracy  in  1 

Boy«tsir  H.  II..  ri 

Boyd,  R..oUt..  xv,  685. 
Boyer,  Leon.  obit..  xi.7ll. 
Boyewn,  II.  I!.,  obit.,  xx.  564. 

Braamcamp.  A.  J.,  obit.,  x,  657. 
Brabourne.BaroTK  i,  676. 

Brace,  B.  F.,  nker- 
Brao  .  486. 

Btoel 

Brack 

Bradexo.  >I  JS1. 

Brafifcmi,  .1.  Bone,  xii,  678. 
Bra-:  119. 

Bradford,  WillbK  i,  5S5. 

BiwlUudi.  ' 

UMMffit.vt«M:  i,«65; 

.       .  :        . 

'  •     '  .  •  •     . 

Jiutfoetl^plnion.  by,  x, 
.  Fxlwanl,  .ketch,  xiv,  656. 


-- 
Brail 

Bra 


»,  Dr.,  rwidtoc*.  i 


. 

w. 

r. 


Hniliiuans.  < 

:  v,  8«  J 

v.  •  -..;    vi.  ..... 

-.»:  lo- 

ftUo   C.T,  t.ral    I 

98,  and  in 
fill 

i 

106. 

Brnmt'-t.  Alnv-l  ! 

Brand.  Sir  .1.  H..  "Lit.,  xiii. 

It,  «lri!l  invented  by.  \.. 
Braabear,  John  A 
Brasoais,  St.  Mar.-,  -.bit.,  iii.  651. 
Bnuuicy,  Antiir.  ..hit.,  \ii.  70. 
1 

':  •<.  .1..  «>liit.,   xvi. 

Of.  xii.  719. 

.  '.'»7. 

r.  obit.,  ii. 

Hraunuu,  illii-*;ratioii,  :. 
Hrsivar-l.  .1.  I'.,  "bit.,  i. 

•  Mm  Cox,  obit..  • 
•:i;»n.  M:»M>n.  obit.. 

.  590. 
p.  I'n.f.,  x,  Ml. 

•  lame;  «lav. 
i.  fl  . 

1«'-':   \i.  '.'7  :  iiiiiiii_'ra!i-.n   t".   i. 
i.  74  :  viii.  «;^  ;  i\.  :»7  ;  lioiin- 
ix,  96  ; 
boundary    (li.-imN-   with    1 

xx,  ii'J:  forehrndebt,  i 

production,  iii.  «;-J  :  vi.7":  taininf 
in.  •••nil  reform  bill, 

v,  «.'.  :   vi.  71  :  c"tt"n   in;.' 
uir.  .  \aluabli-    II 

viii.  7-  :  diamond-mine*,  \  iii.  7-'  : 

«-X|il"i-ation-«.  i\.  .".."»o  ;  x,  loj;  xii. 
•  aluablc  new  j.hini-.  \ 

find 

uralization  bill.  ,;.n  -- 

-kct.-li,  \i\  .  nd  to 

a  republic,   xi\  .  It   in. 

Xviii.  1«M  ;   ejvil    war 
presidential  cleeti"ti  in.  x 

:  -It     in 

• 
<  1  iiin»  to,  xx,  96;  M 

.  95. 

in,  .-M-tain 

Brazilian  ox,  illu-tration.  iii,  68. 
Brazza,  8.  ae.  e.\|)loniti<m-<  by.  ii. 

viii.  3s:,;   ix?  165,  168;  \. 

Bread,  alum  in.  i 

.n-ree  in.  iv,  165. 
Break"  i.  260. 

>i.608. 
Breed.  \V. 

.  .  <..  •••'•..  ;;;.  <•  .-. 

Brepenz.  illustration,  i,  69. 

. 

••in.  John  M..  obit..  x\ 
Brennan.  Marjfartt.  obit.,  xii 

•  :  . 
Brcnuno,  Aogu.M  .066. 


I,  COS. 

'   l.ri-t.  \iii. 
• 

Brawcter.  I'..  II  . 
Brewtl 

Hlib.  • 

ill    New  .1 

• 

1    A.,  exjM 

IOT, 

\    0.,        '..     ..  'J«6. 

r.rid^.-  at  Mem].!,! 
(••ii^trueti 

Klbuo,  \vii: 

Bridgeport, 

K. -nJii  -k\.  ii.'J. 

ii.  •.:,  :    in  <  'ali!->niia.  ii. 

v,  844;  n-jM.rt  on.  \ 

Severn,  ii,  'J7-'' :  iii.  - 

Km  r.  ii.. 
\  iii.  ."11  ;   ui'!'<-' 
M 

vin.-ri.-a.    i 
viii,  :',ir, : 

viiidin-t.  viii.  ".I1'.  :  r<-n.-wa! 
D  I'nite.l  S-.  • 

• 

.  .lii.-tniti'.: 

k<-.  : 
xii. 
xii. 
with  <lia 

'!_'. 

.  107. 
Bridge 

•  lairc    ifi     ! 

J 

,rn.  Ihi\id.  s.k'-t«-h.  xiii, 
Bri^hi 

„,.  M.  A..  Bketch,  riv, 


Mr..     ' 


J  .*.. 

.    -, 


,  :  ;;>    • 

Brnpi.fc, 


..        x.     . 
i.    n  ..    -.-  i    ,, 


aw,  *«»:• ;  \ .  :   i 

qiH»ti..«    in.    x,    IMJ,    XN.L 

vfri«   Coo»|«ojr, 


Ilr.^.r.  11.        -v. 

• 

.     IU«MMMn>    Of.     II, 

hol,  U.  Sl'.«;  x, 

Br..M.i.l, -,.!,tl :>;;  vi 
Hr>'tnit:<-.  ,ti«.  over]     •   -•  •  !'• 
i,  «l ;  BMBittfhalaii  -t. 

BromrnUn.  ,ii,  U  »; 

BrooMr   .  >,«iT. 

•  '•  • 

\,m 


• 


Bit 


13. 
It. 


' l 
.  HI. 


r     .       i.    -1* 
T.  II 


Biw%J.C.,«Uk.MLlH, 

23i 


BrtMil.  M»«  ••L»  B*  w^ 

S*.^.  .-.-«•.*.«» 


781 


INDEX 


dethroned,  xi,  108;  restored,  xi, 
104;  abd. 

Kufwbn* 

..   .        v,  vMi.:-.-..;    \viii, 

114;    rv\iM-n   «.f    tl 

Macedonian  agi- 
u- 
Bulffarian  comutne*,  i,  767. 

Bulkier!  J.'  W.,  sketch',  xiiL  626. 

Hull,  tobotphorivtioa,  viii,  621. 

Bull.  Kj.liraim  W.,  obit,  xx,  666. 

.588. 

Bullard.  Aaa,  ak 
Hull-ftjrhta,  motion  for  ach< 

toreador.  In  Spain,  - 

•..j 

Bulloch,  W.  H.,  ix,  602,  608,  606, 

:.:  , 

Bull-  372. 

Bull- 
Hull  Run,  battle 
Bull-tcrriiT,  the,  ix,  260. 
Billow.  II.  rr  vn,  X,  419. 
BQlow,  Hans  G.  von,  obit,  xix, 

610. 
Buloz,  F.,  obit,  ii,  696. 

ry,  x,  187. 
Bunco,  O.  B.,  obit  and  port,  xv, 

Bunda,  Gen.,  iv.  727. 

>..    ;...i  DM  M ....•-:•  .  Kri.606, 

P.    •    .-:.;..  -,     \N...  !•::..  -,'.    I.  :•:>. 
Bunv  -J16. 

i,olasC.,obit,  xx,  605. 

..    ;:...-.  1»     M..  priM  t  ..  x.  ::..;. 


BaronaM,  obit,  i,  680. 

r, .-.-.  •:.  i:  b«ri  \\ ..  \)i.  119, 
i;.-,..i  .  •.oUL  x:;.::!. 
ȥȣ,*,  461;  ^gnal 

Burbank,  Alfred  P.,  obit,  xix,  667. 

Burrh.  J.  <\.  ski-v 

Burchard,  8.  I).,  obit,  xvi,  609. 

BonbM,  Aocuste,  obit,  rix,  610. 

:.    •       r     v.vf  r      •:.  .1     >..   ix.    •    •• 

150;  port,  • 

•      '. 
Runrvnt.  T.  F.,  obit.,  vi,  (ftl. 

1  ••.-'.:•. 

r,  obit.,  xi.  711. 


iryeaft,  Walter  s  i.  638. 

Bunrin,  invention  of,  vi,  268. 
BoHal,   imlations  for,  in  Great 

Hn: 

•    :  • 


of  dtMen 


„  ,-itb.  il,  17;  66;  lit, 
'.   I-'..  17:  dUcnaaed  in    Pnrlia- 
meot,  v.  Wl  .  law  ..f.  xin. 
Borkr,  iVnU  F.,  obhX,  xviii,  648. 

•    ,  ..   ,.;•;.. 

»•*-  .  646.    Bee 

Park  Murdera. 

.W. 


:  treaty,  vii,  88T. 

'  .    :    ... 


Burlin-;..,,.  Yt..  Xvii.  108. 

.    98:    V.    OS;     \i.    H,>; 

tnap,iv,99;  xi,  1 11  : 
fluenoo  in,  iv,  143:    i 

*6  IxirRtJ.  il- 

luMnit.-.n.    \.    ll;1.;  c 

.rmeae 
colon.  1.  illiMra1 

..   11.'. ; 
.in.  \. 

116;  i-M.,tli,-t  with  (I 
"1 ;  warfaiv  in. 
'.  -h  rule  entabliahrd,  xii.  82 ; 

inint-s.    \ 

.804; 
sketch  an 
Burn«  x.  360;  xi, 

84:. ;  .'78. 

Burnea,  Alexander,  xi,  2. 

• 
HuriH-tt.  I'.  M 

1..  ..Lit.,  i.  630. 

x,  608. 
Burn  1 1 
Bum: 

!•«  1-v.  iii.  88;   v,  86, 

Burnbam,  T.  < '.  II.  I'.,  obit 

610. 
Burnhcm,  G.  W..  <>»»it.,  x,  646. 

Burns.  KoU-rt.  hi"  o-ttujze,  i,  867. 

- 

Burns.  \V.  W.,  c.hit..  xvii,  f>88. 
Burnsidc,  Ambrose  E.,  sketch,  vi. 

•:itu«-  "f.  xii,  280. 
Bhrn^i'U-.  .Idin.  >kt-tch.  vi.  77. 
Bun^'Hh-  Will  C;.sc.  vii,  486. 
t.,i,  614. 

.  >k.-tfh.  i.  82. 

Burril,  ODM  ''i69. 

Burritt.  Klihu.  ^kt-i<'l!'.  iv,  102. 
Burroughs.  .1.  <'..  ohit .. 

i_'hs.  William,  ol.it..  i.  <'.! 4. 
Burrows,  Sir  J.  C.,  obit,  i,  630. 

.  ol.it..  viii,  598. 
Ml.  K-lwaiv.  ,11. 

•..  ol.it..  xi 

Burton.  Cajit.,  tl  .  361. 

Burton.  11;  • 

i:.".  ol.it..  i,  680. 
Burton,   Nathaniel   J.,    obi; 

Burton,  Sir  R.  F.,  sketch  and  port., 
xv,  86. 

11.  T.,  obit 

nisiiin.  .1.  K.  K..  obit,  v,  698. 
Bu.-hmi-n.  illiistnition,  ii,  86. 
Bu-hiu-ll.  1  t.-h.  i.  82. 

Budc,  Georfff.  ohit..  xi.  711. 

M. 
BUM,  Franoea  M..  ol.it..  xix,  610. 

tch.  i.82. 

.,428; 
.  \\iii,  648. 
Bull.  !  ..  ..Lit.,  i.  614. 

.  679. 
Butler.  DaviM.  oMt.. 

•  tch,  v,  70. 
Ban  .!78. 

Butt.  I-aac.  sketch,  iv. 

B8T. 

Butt<  .  copper  works  at, 

i.  160. 


ill. 

Held,  llon.ii..  cj..  obit, 
MS, 

108. 

Byron.  !!• 

•  -h.i,  M;  i 

• 
189.    > rdagt, 

Cal.l'  . 
tioi,. 

Cann-ni,  <'-iint.  lk< 
Cabul, 

( 'inliiiiiiiii,  at-'iiiif  \\  i  i^'lit  ot. 

' 

( 'atliir.  .  'J94. 

ii,  K:.:  iii. 

108. 
Basutos,  and  Be- 

(•liuaiiiihiinl. 

<  ';iln-ii.-ly  ;iL'it:iti"li.  ti:> 
('ail!  .19. 
rnilh-t  ilc    ! 

.  D I . 

Cuill.-i.?.    M.    Le,   liq 
gases  by. 
illu.stiaii-.il.  ii. 
Cain.  AuL'ii-tc,  ohit.. 

.1.  T..  iiomiruilr.l.  xiii,  882. 
--ir  .1..  ohit..  xvii, 
Cairn,  Ki.-luinl    llarvrv.  obil 

hui.l  act  - 

: 

•  in.  illustration,  i,  246. 

<  'aiioli.  licju  (li-f.  v,  658. 
Cal.i 

hi  hit  ion,  ix. 
of  buildinus  and  monuim m  in. 

I':in<lol].h,  ohit..  xi.711. 
('al.l.M  i.  819. 

Chi 

Calderon,  Philip  II. ,x, 

1.  B         •  .     . 

Cal.lw.  11.  - 

708. 

• 

Calh-  i. 

ofYoaemite  Valley,  i 

questions,   i,  8*. :    iv,    1 U.    117: 

•axation,  i,  86,   8J 
80,  84;  lal>or  ' 
73 ;  iv,  109 ;  v,  77  . 


I.  W; 


.  :  •  •  •        ... 

•»»;  »», 


;-O  JLiTi* 

;•««. mi  •* 


^SSTt.tM 


Caml.r,-,.  v:.l       .  u 


1M; 
plan  f 


w»lrr.  x.\.  7T« 
fur  uplorat  • 


Cmrocrun, 

CMne'ron,  C.  8.,  obit.,  xvi.  • 


Sti,  fttt;  .  !•••» 

•MAk      vl      »,»••      «l.k       1. 

. . 


Srao,J,  I-...  ,  •:.       • 

,.  ,;, 


S  Ix,  844,  3.::,; 

|L1M;     offi]    .•    M«     .  1 

.   revolt  a^miiwt  the 

German    government,    x.    I  si  ; 
-•*;  M«- 

198,  «&. 


. 

»^ESrA 


• 

HVMIIO  Uk.  OMart^  ».,  »^. 

• 

>;    OiHaihi,    to.    «- 
Sit:  n.  MV; 


«...        -.  •    •      r,',!!      .      :... 
CMDplCBAf  view  of  ihe,  i,  419;  fw- 

lu-li.iti    !:      '.    • 


-... 

IMMI.VU 

•<•••«»,  «» 
L«!U.         taaj;  far  M>"f«M^t   *«*   - 


IM 


.  Ml. 

r«mpU.!l.  -I     \ 


«   .its;: 


C*U1| 

«'»•:•!  '  •    !. 


CbjBpbtll.  Jabn  P.,  obit 

,*«4. 
lama  it  . 

Jt. 


'    ..     . 


Campbell.  T  < 

i;..«*Kit..  IvLfll* 
Campbell;  W.  Rf  oW,  XT,  «Jf. 


784 


Carbon 

n 


Carbon    biaulphuret,    Den 

dlaulpbide,  v,  88. 

#uli.h..b  .  S8. 

,   .    .  •  .-      •         ..  x   .  10$, 

.     •  -  •   .      .  !•    .  x.     .  :  .V.. 

.   .-     •  .      -    .     x.:.  :<-. 
....  .  :.*. 

•          .1.  i.  TO:;;  iv, 


i        ! 
..--"'. 

Cardoao,  T.  W.,  Impeachment,  i. 
Ml. 

Uur.l.  obit.,  xi. 
310. 

129. 

.  •  •:      :.    ,'   :.    IL:. 

,,-.x...;:. 
thia,  disc.-.  28. 

I 'rin w.  obit.,  x,  658. 
'•  ,.rti-mbvr^. 

.  viii..  598. 

Carle,  Jamo.  .589. 

i.  687. 

Car»ile,J. 

Carlin,  John,  obit.,  xv 

le,  James  M.. -bit. .ii.  576. 
Carlisle,   John    < 

sketch  and  i>ort..\iii.i»:3;  - 

and 
Carli*'.. 

M  of  the-. 
728;party,v678. 
•  'aril.  David,  sketch,  xiii.  626. 

.  !  •     •...-.:•..  xix.  :.-  v 
Carl  vie,    Thonia«  n    the 

Eastern  question, ii, 865 ;  hi. 

Carmicbael,  Dr.,  experiments  by, 

.     • 
Carnarvon,  Earl  of,   x,  41! 

portrait,   x,  451;    sketch,    449; 

obit,,  xv,  675. 

C*rne,  Count  dc,  aketeh,  i,  88. 
Caroeiie,  Andrew,  quoted,  xi,  867. 
Carncllv.  T.,  discoveries  b 

406;  tx,  119;  xii.  100.  111. 
Carney .  Thomas,  sketc 

M. .•••:•..>    .•-•: 
-•-.  v  !.../••   II      ,  •   •..  •'    .-••-.". 

' 

•          •.:••-.-.   ,,..  '.•: 

•T 

Caroot,  PreaUcni,  assassination  of, 

OHO.  Klma  Marie,  obit.,  xii,  625. 
100,  Doeheaa,  obit,  i,  630. 

. 
illustr 

-    .nidh  claim 
•orman  flag  planted, 

».  141. 

•ooa.  x,  14s:  niii 

SSTM. '*'••"• 

{•&£&&* 

Came.  R.  K  .  •• 

'   "  •  .:::, 


..  il,  596. 

v     . 

CarjHi 

I,  96. 

' 

.  oliit,  \\ii  . 

-.  r«Miilli"n. 

' 

t'tirrin^toii.  c.-l.. 

.'>68. 
.  .1.  \\  .  I!  .111. 

:.  Sainin-i  .<....».;• 

<':irrut! 

Curnithi-rs.  William.  \ 

.  \  \  i  .  1  .'•  1  . 

.11      \  .   1  ' 

.1...  -Lit.,  iii. 

158. 

;i  1  1'.,  ol>it..  xvi,  611. 
C:trt»-r,  T.  II..  «.l,it..  xix,  568. 

v,659. 
Carth;i.  .  1'Jl. 

i<l  K..  ohir..  xii,  575. 

.1.  0..  obit.,  i\.  004. 

.  17. 
Casamajor.  P.,  experiments  by,  vi, 

862;  viii.  l-j. 

Caaamiodoia  .!.--•  .  285. 

Cananova,  Antonio,  xi. 

Ision    of,  from  Guatemala, 

Caaoti,  Capt,  x,  894. 

Caw.  Amr.Ma  L,obit.  xviii,  545. 

.  invi-iiti-.il  bv.  vi,  256. 
Casey,  KliwiU-th.  ->l,it.,xix,  609. 

fa^.-y.  T.    ] 

Caatfs  exptTiiiH-iit.^.  vi.  7.".". 
Caabgar,  i.  'i... 

..-n-.   Maharajah 

Casilear.  .I..I.I.  W..,,l,it..  xv! 

:;.  xix, 

1"7;  inin  .  286;  port. 

xix,  287  ;  n 

Ca«|.  :.S7. 

Caaa,  Oeorve  W.,  »kt-t 
CaMagnac.  1'aul  •!<•.  trial  t'»r  \i<>la- 

•;  -,  ofpre  -  lawi.  ii.  MM. 
Ca«eerl\  .  Ku-cn.-.  obit.,  viii,  587. 

Ca»u-l:. 


.iii.  .r>98. 
t..  ii,  696. 
Caatil 

iron,  »ea-^  .  I>7. 

.  376. 

Caatro.  Manuel. 

Caswcll.  A..  1>.  k>  .  OWL,  ii. 

Catacomb*  of  I'ari*.  illustn/ 
816;  of  Thebw,  illustration,  iii. 

Cataloyueii  of  atam,  xiii,  56. 


lone  in.  i\. 

i 
• 

'••92. 

"»6. 

Cathcdi 

• 


<':.tl,oli,-«.>.   rli-i-tion    o| 
768. 

• 

• 

669. 

Cattl. 

.  7<'7. 

<'attl<-.  iinj.rovi-.i 
ins|K"'ti"!i.  \\  i. 
Cattk 

(  'aiica-ur-.  r\|.l.irati"ii. 

''•58. 

i 

.  •;n. 
nvi-lliiiirs,   r,u<l<ihi-t. 

<  'avi-nt-.u,  .1.  1'...  "liit..  ii,  696. 

Caves  nfthr  tr«nrl.i,l\  t. 

Cav'.ur.    ('"lint,    oil     the     Roman 

ipi. 

Cayley,  Arthur,  obit.,  xx.  f,06. 
ran,  A.  K'.. 

:H6. 
Ceara  Breakwater,  xii,  260;  illu>- 

trati'ins.  260. 
I 

('(•'•il.  L-.r.l.  .  ,  659. 

Cedar  Creek,  ban  . 
Cedar  i  1  •.-.'. 

Celernius  V  italic,  iiiHcnption   by, 

Celestial  photography.  \i\. 

1 

iid,  Iii,  459. 

(Yllulo.Ho.  iirMilu'-t'iMii  of.  i,  97. 
•-v,,rk-.  xii:. 
bill  in  Chili 

an,  at 

vi.    M^:    with 

• 

•i  and  colored  population,  vii. 
815;  of  1890,  xiv.  gl 
821  ;  xvi,  840  : 

xv. 

••'•liliar  n-j.p  !*<•!:• 

ci-li-lirati--- 

hi  hi*'.  ni:i  I. 

•inial  f»f  a<!mi->i  >n  ii. 
vilh-.  xix. 

.•I  America,  i,  89  ;  v,  85;  hid- 
den tribes  in,  v,  298  ;  proposed 


>,ML 


5»-  y^yj BTJUI  >. «.  ** 

:3?%         ^  ir  •'•" 


<^.lftt,tML 


**••*»  «i  tM»MM«tariL 

1  m. 

^  ^^BfiilStv 
^sV^Ssv        j^ 

«T«;  niBMliallii  '. 


•nut,   iU-1.  ; 
.  114; 


U« ;  in  J.^a.  ftttii.  «JI . 

St.-,.,,. 


/ 


K.<    ,it<vM» 


„     fharMfrt 


*m**i    rb^TlC^K^m 
^YiiM^  jJrV  li,  «L 

\  « %*M 


•  , 

04. 


A 


v 


•It, 

4fT.       rimk  triil.  bMfte  Wj 


^ 


.   ;  , 


IM'I.X 


Chilian  Claims  Commiasioo, 

144. 
Cbilimn  War,  tb-  v,  W, 

•*V 

inquiry  as  to  I*.  S.  Bctioi 

I-.        .     •    \   •       :,...    viii,'.t;tlu. 

tfumno   contra* 

1*4;    American  trade  oommb- 

109. 
-.ram.  a*o  .541; 

. 
QM»M.  mechanical,  x,  611. 

•          •   ;..  •  <•  :.  K?,iM, 

(  •...••,-,.  ;,.!!,.  ;  111.  t].   of 

109;  en.-;.1 

.  Ill;  Mniyurx  n 
-»-  in.  illustrations.  i, 
110,  111;  ii,  100,  1« 
98,  100;  iv.  146;  ix,  189. 
dispute  with  Germany,  i,  109; 
1.1,109;  v, 

108;  treaty   «:•  .  xii. 

117;  with  Kashgariu. 
M;  tee  Kashgaria;  rebellion,  i, 
attacks  ou  Chris- 
tian*. i.11";iii,101;xi,155;new 
policy  toward  them,  xii,  117;  new 
port*  opened  to  commerce,  i,  1  1  <  '  ; 
n,  10-.'  ;  first  line  of  railroad  in. 
1,8;  :..:ui!ie.  ii,  loo;  iii. 

98;  religious  war  in,  ii,  101  ;  ut- 

M 

iv.  146  ;  troubles  with  Rtuwia.  iii. 
97;  iv.  14-*:  v.  id  ;  vi,  107; 

714;  negotiati-ii.-  with,  xii, 
118;  opium  trade,  iii.  loO;  vi, 
109;  x,  174  ;  first  steam  cotton- 
mill,  iv.  148;  diamonds  in.  iv, 

HTMtko,   iii.    1": 
14*.  144  ;  restoration  of  Kulja,  iv, 
144:  :  diplomatic 

service,  iv,  44  ;  statistics  of  rais- 
alona  in,  .  .  >'<9  ;  trouble 

i  Spain,  v,  108;  relations 
»  it  h  other  powers,  v,  104  ;  treaties 
with  United  States,  v 

•he  regent,  vi.  Ll 

138;    political 

British  occupation  ot  I'.,rt  Hamil- 
ton, Jd,  166;  xii,  118;  war  with 
Krai,  re  also 

•  !*  with   1  • 
;  n  -presentation 
at  tbe  Vatican.   \i.   i:.4; 


at  tbe  Vatican.  \i.  i:.4;  ffold- 
minos  x,  1<9;  newspapers,  x, 
199;  suzerainty  over  Indian 
Matea,  xii,  8»3  :  anti-t 


in.  xviii,  149;  miti- 
CfirtMian  cartoons,  xx,  139,  140 ; 
captors  of  Niuchuan?,  xx,  186; 
KraDco-ChiiMse  treot 
•kye  Of  Wei-Hai- Wet,  xx,  1.13; 
inratT  of  ShhuoMseki,  xx.  186 ; 
toe  Japan***  in  Manchuria,  xx, 

Merchant.'  Steam  Naviga- 
tioo^CooipanT,  Tii,  101. 


•  •   w«» 

rWne^.  the,  to  i  <s:  in 

paUforoia.  i,  84;  U,  80;  i 

. 

:     :. 
N«v»da. 

in 


•  itory,  xi,  888 ;  embody  of. 

States,  vii,  887  ;  ix,  196  ;  t 

..    •   .-,.  \     .      •.  ;    i  ••  :  !.d  UVW  n'.s 
.192;  allec 

Scwanl,  i,  881 ;  citisenship  ques- 

r's  mcaaage  on.  xi,  8M 
rlud< 

expulsion  I  nited 

Suit. -s.  xviii.  739. 
Chinenc,  the,  troubles  v 

l«'l  ; 

tin-. 

.  ix. 714  :  air 
viii,    1-js;    Mi, 

.   in    Hru/.il.    xii. 
iv,  h 

87;  s.104; 

iudcd  from 

:1 1  ;  from  <'.,IMH,- 

states, 

110. 

•.  ilhMniti'.n.  ix.  189. 
Chini'si-  indemnity  tund,  x.  -Jll. 
1  -e    labor    and   inuni^i 

xiii.  SS,  Hi'.  1  ••••:.  -J-'*:.  838. 
Chin  expedition,  i;;o. 

('liini.juv,  l-':itlicr.  ix,  (J76. 

Chiptnan.  .1.  I   .  •  ••  •  .  \viii,  546. 
Chippewu  i  151. 

rhirtholm,  Judge,  munler.  i 
olm,  Mrs.  C.,  obit.,  ii. 
rtiisimlm.  \V.  S.,  obit.,  xv,  <J40. 

\.  4. 

aden,  lli-nry  A.,  obit.,  xx, 
666. 

octal.   K.   II.,  investipations 
by.  .   690; 

v'iii.  ir.i,  •  :  xii,  675. 

nden,    S.    B.,    sketch,  xiv, 

Chivington,  John  M.,  obit.,  xix, 

669. 
Chlorates,  improvement  in  manu- 

tactureof,  vii,  95. 
Chlorine,  in  wsiter.  i,  99. 
t'lilon.l'-Tm.  xii.  106. 

:  i.  i.  100. 

ChktopnyL  pbyVdoloalaal  function 
of,  vi,  110;  5x,  i 

769. 
Choate,  JoM-pli  II.,  \ix,  682. 

ud  by 
pil)/!  '.viii,- 

in  Corea,  xi.  -_'71  :  in  .laj >.. 
468:    germs    of  497; 

<  l-i'lctnio  of,  x.  79'!;  in.«   . 

:  .*tudy 

of  causes  ami  treatment,  xi,  156  ; 
ii,  95. 
See  also  ! 

"',,  (t  «e^.,  and  MJoro-organ- 

Oioline,  x. 

.  17. 

!  ,  v,  106. 
• 
ibly,  experii  ^4. 

n,  C.  I'.. 

Chrifltian  Churches,  xii,  11 
Christian  Ci  i,  11'.;   ii, 


:   iii.  lol  ;   x 

1 

\  ..i   Dcnn 
Chrial 

m    Henry, 

.1     !'..',' 
I 

inti'  "in  ti'.n   •  ' 

1 

<nrin.  \.  M  :  |"  i 
i.  lid;  iii.  lol  ;  M.  i 

..i.  illu-trM 
«'hri.stidei*,  00 

ie.  Dniiiel  M..  ol 
-,  Samuri 

• 

«'i06. 
' 

M.  iii.  lo-j. 
Chnstman,  Joseph  A.,sketel 

Cliromium  compoi  : 
Chronology,  prchistori 

Cbn  46. 

••40. 
Chut;i~ 

nee,  x,  28;  obit 
668. 

rilling  Kwoh.    Sec  China. 
Chun<l«  r  S,  n.  iv.  '.•<•.  ;.i  :  vi,  66. 
Church,  A! 

Chur.-h  Army.  tin-,  ix.  11. 
Church.  Pharcellus,  ob 
Church,  i:.  \V  .  ol  it..  \ 
Churc-h.  S    :  :.«»9. 

Church  Congress,  xiii,  19  ;  \ 

;    Anglican 
1  .  19. 

htflish, 
xvi,  13. 
Churc-h  and  State,  rein 

• 
in  Kus.«S:,. 

Ita 

-Hcan 
•  ••hes. 
Cl.ui  :^titution,\ 

HK). 

Churc-h  of  • 
.  69. 

-.   MM.    N: 

611. 
Church  oi 

confiscate 
•  :>  1 . 

he* :  burials  act,  *ce  Burial ; 
liabilit\  •  -^hops; 

church  and  st. 
14,96:  vi,  Ifi; 

-<-'.].ji]     a] 
court  proposed, 
age  question,  vii.  1'J  ;  f[u<;btiou  of 


.. .  .. 


vii.  MI;         lift ;      -,iirh<M    «*    « 


ti»  r,  ii^jfiffV', 

r.    I  '*         •       , 

7'i.V1  ( 'r  ;  :"  '    ' 


<"§*. 

MOioDtUft*. 


to  ft» 


7«,: 

ii.tf,  i,  — ,  -.  .  i.  i    • 

-w^»  •^f*.  rnn 
'.«i  M.  ti.  :a:  ST 
^.  !•  l!5>gmiL  ML 


M»  iiMfa,  ••«..  « 
HCM 


AoK 
awrwrtaws  jaMBtaSP 

ca«tt,W«n,^U,   T.Mi;    ,,-rk    III     dS    II    -  -  .  !l  -      ,    M 


documcou.f      ru^jrfc^^^V 

talk.****.*.*!:  iRCSri&A^  ^ 


'U 


'in    So.tlan.l.    union  of, 

I1.-'.  . 


M  .   i 
Jt 


IMbnMd,  xrUl,  <«.  at. 

:»*««  JSafstStru^  «33 

,  ix,  375 ;  x,  4^3 ;  skdeh,    fJMp  OllMifci  Hi  il  I  tmmm  •_  •!     S 


^4 

• 


t 


r.  >     • 


irk,J. 

ark.  M% 


a» 
iifc'SsgSSC  ^ 

i.     «  !«r ».  «>*rmkjoWt..  «!,*«» 


•^ 


^WM..O.  MM.^  -— 

MX    < 

TkMMKflKI.m 

Walter.  U.  ML  A.  «»    • 

i  Urk.  WUtoJU*ML.««%          **t|^ 


lilU,  ril,  «4A       « -a-^r 


«  I   V  ^i^    l^B* 

:sSfe^  iiSs 


788 


1NDKX 


C«ango  Ki\t  r.  exploration,  v,  994. 

i; 

71. 

..-•••   .    .  .     .••... 

pben  A     .-bit.,  iii.  ft*4. 

fat  nan  v,670. 

irdrochlorat. 

,'•••'    -,'    '     xx;ii-   '•  " 

InVa. 'insurrection  i 

••'•;  xv,  834. 

CtK'hita.  ruin*  at,  xiv,  18. 
.  11'.'. 

Coekabott  and  Jowett,  alloy  pro- 

,        ,...--       :..'. 

Cocoa,  xif.  381;  in  Ecuador,  viii, 

Coeotii 

Cocoa-matting,  vi 

Codeine,   experiments   with.    vii. 

Codraa,  temple  of,  x,  86. 

CWbo,  J.tf.  L.  '.68. 

•n    bills,    Gladstone'*,    vii. 
204 ;  act  pMted,  xii,  848.    See 
Ireland. 
Corar  d'Al-  >f  Montana 

to  annex,  x 

Cofte,  increa>injr  demand,  i,  80; 
add  '."> ;   dutv 

Austria,  iii,  4.' ;  oultun-  iii  Brazil. 
.  :     :    ;  .  Mtjfc     Of    iii. 

rtiL  71;    makinu'. 
illuntration.  x:i,  651;  plant 
a  laifre,  xiv,  409;    plant; 

1.8SO:  plot 
t'offln,  J.  If .  «  v.640. 

Coflln,  Robert  Bin 

•     "•.::         .  i      ...T,.:.  v.    .,.;. 

'  w.  068. 

..-,  -    !,;,.    V.    ;-,;    iii. 

refpwell.  I',  i  .666. 

567. 

', 

is ;     United 

•    • 
- 

_'<6. 


°«L  Sr*7  A"  °wt*  "^ poit'' 

v,  647. 
•I* 
of.riii 


v.  88;  a«  a  • 
ifiil  agent,  v,  98. 

kitti,-  .-r.  i 

.  <)50 

"40. 

.  «J3fi. 

.  111. 

' 

• 

114. 

IT-'.. 
.  161. 

8      .'.rill.      Vi. 

..  l.M. 
•n.  .1     Cliurrli     in 

of.  ii:. 

:,  Mre.  J.  C.  W.,  obii 
608. 

C..1U-V.  tin-. 

.  80. 
bit.,  \viii. 

;.  .Ii.lm.  j.irtiin-  ; 
('..lliir,  .l..lm  1'..  ..Lit.,  viii.  598. 

.. 

(  ..Ilicr,  Sir  Robert,  obi: 
Collier,  T.  S.,  ol.it..  xviii.  r>45. 
Collin.  ! 

(  ollin.  .loin  .  xiv.  B24. 

Collin,  Raphael,  x,  858;  xi,  48. 
r..lliiiir>.  .Icsse,  xi,  89l«-  • 
Collin- 

Collins.  K.  K..  ol.it..  iii 
Cr.lii:  ..  xi.  71'5. 

Collins  Kn.lc-ri.-k.  ol.it..  xvii.  .',)". 
C«illin>.  .Tcnnif.  obit.,  xii.  :-77. 
Collin.-*.  Mc.rtimcr.  flit-Mi,  i.  114. 
Collii  -.Lit..  x\ii. 

Coilii.-.  i:.  11..  Bketol  .  x::;. 

\N  ..  -k.-t.'h.  iv.  117. 


-.     .  \v..  obit,   dr.  i«3. 
Colliaiona.  marine,  viii,  136. 

!..  xi.  71"-. 
n   voluinr  :  iiiiij.. 
iii.  .  M.i.  li:.;  ii.  1"7; 

revolutionary  ..utl.r»-ak«.  i,  11^: 
x\.  14:::  ii.  106;  iv.  14'.':  v.  ll«;  : 
i\.  ;  .i.l'.-J:  houn.hiry 

-     •    :. 


••malaiK'obit.,  xvl,  618 
Cok-  «24> 


xi.192;  Bteamsj'    ii.s.  %i.  ll'i; 
niilwu\n.   vi.   IK.:  vii.   10 

Lnine  product,  vii, 
1".'.  :    in  •:    al- 

cohol roonopolv,  xi,  190  ;  tl« 
tioM  of  Bowl*. 
ery  of  coal  and  pnosphafc 

:  emerald  -i  i 

ean  -  :i-h  in.  xii. 

140;  ranutna  Canal.  >«•<  I'; 

.  17'.'. 
Coloti: 

.  640. 

table 

.  ration  of. 

I'-rtuiruese, 
viii.  G.VI; 

• 

/ation.xiii. 
i".    a  ItnitU-.l   ;; 
118,  constitution,  i,  118, 


mines   of.    i.    1-jl  ;  iii.    11 
tion.    iii.  111  :  i\.    KM  ;  i\. 

114  :   Indian*  in.  iv.  • 

. 
.   -iillr;iLr«'   iju»--ti..n.    i\  . 

nnti-Cliii,. 
D.  T 

.    \i.    11^;  |.o|.ii'. 
xv, 

tion-.    «-t<-.,    in 

Mir. 

' 

.  177. 

Color-blindneM,  n  \  <  \  t  ••n.  ; 

Colored   IIKII.  convent 

1 


.. 

IH-II.  «'    "|.     i\.      1-JJ  ;      nt    cIlCI 

!:.•»  :  n<  \\  i-ol,,i 
<'  .l.|iii!t.  A.  II  .  <  • 
C«.l«initt.  Allnd  ! 

Colt.  .lolm.  ol.it.. 
C..it..|i..J,.M-j.|i  II.  ...I,;- 
.  .1.  S..  ,,l,it..  iii. 
Columbia,  caj.tur. 
Cohnnl.ia  Ki\cr.  inipr 

Cohinil.ia.  S.  C.. 

<  'olmnt'ia.  I'a..  \\iii.  : 

Columbian     I 

.xvii.    Hi.';      In 

ol-J  :   U-iriflation  .••-ii<-cniit 

xvii. 

Columbian  I'ni% 
Ci  himbii-  Celebration,  tin. 

York  <-itv.  xviii. 
Columbus,  <  'liri^toj,!.,  - 

!i<-it--d.  \i. 

Columbus.  <;»..  xiv. 
Columbus,   nlii...  \i.    ir.r,: 

C..lumbu>'.s  Landfall,  xvi.  ; 
Colvl 

r,  T.  .'..  obit.,  rii, 

:     I'..  <.bit..  \\iii. 

no:  • 

...li.-ity.    viii.    -. 
the   |.«-r'o.li<-   oi  :   .luj.i- 

. 

and 

Comii 

Con.n.n-lmeilluH.  the. 

lerce,  International,  il. 


- 


MMi 

•" "     •«'••    '•    '     -    --     - 

: 

«m*m 

«  i.* 

•omnmUf  Cootfit^  Tnu*.ilU         n~A.  ^lii 


>.«•  K        •    ../      . 


».  •• 
••MNH.  KX.  1M:   la*4 


«HL* 


• 

o±&ittB2feSS 


,rah*.  «nr.'\vii..  >• 

• 


IXDKX. 


10;  '  iii,  0;  of  York, 

Ooowa>.  I  "U. 

-. 

lOf, 


Ooaynjrl.mn.   T.    N.,   Marmiii  of, 
dwtch  I 

J.inw,  lx,  278,  271 
Ooolr,  Kltn,  xivT&l. 
.      K!  ...      ••  H    sketoh,  rir,  &i. 

0    k   v...x.-i-. 

i'..    .       •  .  xi.::::. 

W. 

I'.H.kn,  II.   l».."  Lit..  Ni.680. 

.  671. 
!'.,  experiment^ 

rx»ke,Jol  -.15. 

Oooke,  Jorfah  P.,oWt  and 

x,567. 

Cooke,  rhinea*  H  .  578. 

Cooke,  ROM  T..  >41. 

t'ookiDK-acliools,  xii,  288. 
Cbokteff-aten»il,  a  new,  xvi,  707. 
OB  'K  lakoda;  rfv,  101. 
Cooley,  DennU  N.,  obit,  xvii,  541. 

-.••••••        '.  t   •  «.!..!.'.. 

101:  to  Peru,  x,  G88. 
.  o  aba,  \..(,:-..  ttL«W, 
Cooper,  Ooorge  H.,  obit.,  xvi,  615. 
Oooperlofttital  .;..!,. 
<%<ooper,  J«u»ca,  obit,  xi,  672. 
Coofter,  Peter,  nomination  of,  i, 
;  sketches,  i.  US;  M 

with  atecl-platc  portrait 
Cooper,  Suaan  F.,  obit,  xix. 
Cooper  Thomas,  obit,  xvii,  589. 

•'.   .       •  .-, 

Cooperation,  xiii,  241. 
•   M   n.  M--!.  bw  •  •-  of.  d.  •_•».  ML 

•     .obit.^XV. 

Ed  ward  D.,  if,  45. 
CopeUixi,  C.  W  567. 

OopeUnd,Dr.  Kalph,  x.M. 
Copenhagen,  proposed  fortification 
oVrifl;  «76  ;  freeport  oft  xix, 

Copeohaireo,  University  of.  cclc- 
Sration  of 


iv,  814. 


ita  400th  annivcrsan-, 


CoppeeBeory.  obit,  xx,  568. 

-        .....         •:•... 
£tenninatkm  of,  H,  92;  from 
wrll^tt^WO;  hardening,  ii, 
800  j  preparation,  vii,  68*.* 
moval  of  arsenic,  et- 
Mtnctior, 

markH,  474  ;  in  Africa,  ix,  862  ; 
xtfl,  Hft;  crbb,  the,  xiv,  840 
•ad  tin.  xiv,  Ml  ;  XT,  52- 


.       ,  , 

§10;  miW  xiT,  6»5.     See  also 
mder  Metallorgy. 
<  *po.  trwl*  in,  x;  189. 
OyfaCbu 

14**,  eommisrioo  on,  Hi,  228  ; 
fa*. 

;  trv.tv.  FrmnocandOcr- 
vfiL  SJ7;    intcmational, 


ao,  x.  744-  xii,  756;  dia- 

it. 

1«:  in  Canada,  xx,  108. 


Torino,  madonna  of,  x,  506. 

•• 

*  by,  Hi,  86; 

:  viii, 
;    xix,    89<i  :  ••!>    in 

. 

;  out- 
break of  1884,  x 
nix  magari!  i «-  atul  t; 
HCS,  x,  886;  xi.  «71  ;  L 
;  cholera,  *71  :  \ 
B88j  tUgof,xiV,S89;  treat}  with. 
r;:tiipaign, 

.   180;    ConMf.au     II,: 
harbor  of  Chemulpo,  xix,  897; 
genera],  a,  xix,  89'.' . 

l-'u-aan,  xix,  893 ;  < 
tianity  in.  xx,  884. 
Coreans  in  United  States,  xi,  -JTi. 
.  divert-.  ilhiMration.  ii,  870. 
i.    (irccw,    illustration,    ii. 
:  .-anal.  viii.  .",o>: 
281  ; 

Corinto,  British  occuj ; 
."..".:;. 

M,  G.  H.,  ski-t.-li.  xiii,  628. 
Connon,  Fernand,  pictures  by,  x, 

858;  xii,275. 
Cornacchia,  Capt..  xii:. 
Cornnro,  Louis,  obit..  \ 
.l..I..hn  Klai-k.  ..' 
Cornell,  John  Henry,  "lot..  xix. 

571. 

Cornell,  T..  obit,  xv,  641. 
Cornell  University,  ill.,  i.  599. 
Corning,  II.  K..  obit.,  iii,  685. 
Corning,  N.  Y.,xv,  123. 
Corn  Island,  annexation,  xii: 
Cornly,  James  M.,  obit..  riL 
-ilk,  drug  tna.i.-  fr-ui.  i 
CornthwitiU'.  K.,  obit.,  xv,  - 
Coroutine,  x,  299. 
Cornwall,  H.  B.,  investigations,  v, 
95;  xii,  107. 

photographing. 

Coroners,  office  abolished  in  Massa- 
chusetts, ii,  488. 

Coroii  sketch,  iv,  801. 

Corot,  B.  < 

Corjx.i  ility.iv, -jl 

Corps  Legislatif,  under  Louis  Na- 
poleon, vii,  208. 

Corrado.  Nestori,  obit.,  xvi,  615. 

Correlation  theory,  xii. 

Correnti,  ( .'.  ,.  xiii,  660. 

Corrigan,  Archbishop,  x,  F>>> 

Corrigan,  J.  H.,  obit,  xv,  641. 
Corrigan,  1'  .  xix.  :,:i. 

Corrosive  sublimate,  use  of,  in  sur- 
ger. 

\viii.546. 

M.  I).,  obit.,  xx,  568. 
Coraicana.  152. 

i.  xiii,  660. 
Cortland,  K.  Y'    xv.  i 

'.dum,  production  of,  ii,  98. 
Corvee,  abolition  of,  in 

Corwin,  the,  cruise  of,  v,  8« 

828.  824. 

Corwioe,  A.  B..  obit,  v,  591. 
Coamic  Do*,  vi  58. 


I 

Iru/  J8;  i-ili.i-atimi.  iii. 

<>ui  iiron-tituti   i  nunoes 

iintitfin  in. 
mineral^  t.uiiKi 

andary 

mbia, 

i.-r  I.,  "bit 
;\.  :.n  :  .ru|  tion, 
•i6. 

. 
aw.  tin-.  i% 

200  ;   vii.  178  ; 
value  of,  iv.  688  ;  set  i 

:  manufectnro.  ii.  i •_'<•: 
820;  v.  ]::o;  vii.  602  :  c  mi 
iv.  171  :  wci^liini:  1  - 

statistii>.    vii.    11:;; 

S"n?li   rap-lina,   viii.  T-"-*-  . 

\ifl,l  in. 

565  :  cultivation  of.  in  Japan,  xii. 

ndi 

«ntioninT« 

('••tton-growers'  .   xvii. 

471  :  in  Arkans;. 

:,S9. 

n-secd  oil,  xvii,  807. 
Cotton-seed  products,  xiv,  240. 
Cotton-tree,  flour  ft- m  tin-. 
Cotton-worm,  see  rottm,.  vi,  200; 

illustration,  ii. 
Coii.lnau.  II..  xii. 

Coultliur.vt.  W..  Ol 

( 'ouinoundouroti,  resignation 

1  Bluffs,  xiii,  162. 
Coup  rvia,  xviii.  «86. 

Coup  d'etat,  the  Queen's,  in  Hawaii, 

xviii,  875. 

Coupon  cases,  x,  268. 
Courbct.  Admiral,  ix. 
848;  x,  172,  178:  on 
Court 

-'7,  80, 
.  oUt.  xii.  • 
I 
rou!'  i-nal.  v.  449. 

Courtney,  J.  M.,  v,  449. 

t.  Louis,  i.irtun-  by,  x,  868. 

:i.xii,  189. 
Courts,  rival,  in  S; 

v.  •;»!•;  in  « 
iii. 

•.  ..>4:  bil; 
tion  of  circuit,  and 

HOe,   II.  A.,  c-xi  crinui  ' 

i,  166. 
<'o\v-b-  :.782. 


bwf  III,  <;UVV,MV,. ***,!,  *«. 

'.  . 

>*l. 

to«,  K.  T.,  aUeovorjr  oT  mlMi  bjr, 


"»•••  sftaret 

<•.*-*    ! 


.    • 


. ««, 

.'   • .  • 


•n.  1  t»rtn* 
Crmik,  (^,r,,a,,v     8« 


me**  \ 

.,.,'.  ,/.,.,    .    ..    **,ttv?!v5i' 

oSWU,*^..,^  ; 


V.        .1. 


:  :::.V 

««r4.  «ML  «H|  w«L. 


I 

Craaborne,  Ix>rU.    8««  8aU»bunr. 
•uni,  jx.itrmit,  *, 


....  v.  ... 

mty  pUnforoloetioo*. 


»v 


i 

u  portrmlu,  xv.  Til. 
Crmtion,  AkkadUa  aocuutit  of,  ivi, 

Cmi'tlon  uM.-t,  xvii.  u. 
rr,-u.  .1.  M....S-    v.     » 
• 

iiitcrnatiooal     rito- 
nutch  nt,  U,  tS4. 

observatory,  xll.  4«. 

T,  Camillr.  ill 


M4. 
<llw 

(^•un  .]  ,  itkm,  •  ...  N  - 

irl.umci«.>n  In,  III,  * 

•i  «ilh  (irrxtsr.  Hi,  T»J; 

.IbUirteM* 

:* 


:n,  U,  546. 

i,  SIS. 

Colter,  Goo.  George  A.,  sketch,  i. 


Dall.  W.   H..  explorati..n 


:.,.   xv.  71 

.  128. 

T..  \i.  ••.:-.'. 


..-•.:.         .  M  .    '  .;  .  x..  -.;  , 
i 

. 

-15. 

;     •    .  .1    -  :.  x.     ".. 
.    _   ..<      .;    •          I.,  I       Illdt,   IS,   N& 

QmtaeinindV  U  405  ;  in  Minne- 

•i  Arkatioatt.  xix,  81. 
<    ,        ••-.}'.   •-    ill   DftOf,  xli.  |01, 

ntma,  xi,  -'7  v 

Cyprus  iii,  231.  .  :  arti- 

ctat  oo,  in  Berlin    Treat  v,   iii, 
859:  finance*,  v,  836  ;  CV 

«cpi 

•ij.ti'.n    iV'-in.    xii.    17  : 
397  :  xcavo- 

tion»  in.  xi\.  •_•: 

1  oration  fin 
,rvU>e.  oh:-. 

• 

:.98. 

Cxajkowi*ki,  Michael,  obit.,  xi.  714. 
Czar,  th".  an.  nipta  on  the  life  of, 

v,  862,  66:.  : 

728;  precaution*  taken.  ix.  71:.'; 
•  of.  to  the  Cossacks, 
See  Alexander. 
.  Prince,  obit,  xvi,  669. 
CBMfa  movement,  the,  xix,  66. 
Cxachs,  tl..  ,-..,  60: 

vii  :  ;    laniruajre  and 

058. 
ClMTIiUmn,  Ix,  586. 

Daboll.  0.  L..  fojr-surnal  of. 

.  obit.,  xx,  568. 

DajrucTTv.  ix,  651. 
Dahl,  M.,  xii,  4M. 
I>»hk-n.  ti«-n.  v»ti,  vii.  58. 

!,.  xiii,  629. 
the  king's  dance. 


1WIC.  H 


,    ...      . 
Dalles,  the  7.'. 

Dullman    (  a]>t..  \i,  882. 

.548. 

Dalton.J   '  -49. 

Dnubk  J*  •  i- »,  -k'  tch,  \i\.  558, 
Damaralaiul.  \iv.  ill 
Dun  -;•  ••  •.  JftOK  -.  obit,  \'\.  818, 

I  >. HI,:,  M   ,ir    \",  ,1M.  r.   .1..    \i\.    HO. 

Damot.  .  TiOl. 

Dana,  James  D.,  hkrtdi  :m<l  port., 

Dana,  K.  H..  tin  c-M.-r.  ^lu-tdi.  i\. 

104, 
Dana,  K.  II  .  tin-  yMiinirt-r.  skitdi. 

vii. 
Danakil,  tribe  ot 

Danl  BIS. 

haii. •.!-.  ,j.,lm  H..  obit.,  xii.  026. 
MIT,  cliuiolies  on,  i,  6». 

>il.'  mania.  \iii.  :'.!•_'. 
I  'aliilaliira.  i.\.  17(l. 
I>atii -iilmui •]•,  .1.    \V..  i»»»rtniit.  \ii. 

838;  «.l.it..  xii.  580. 
I>.mf..rth.  Ci,ar!(-.  .,!,it..  i.  (515. 
Dantortli.  I'.  S..  ..hit.,  xvii,  548. 
Daniel,  R.  T..  obit.,  ii. 
Daniels.  William  H.,obit.  xJx,578. 
Dannut.  \\  .  i  . 

Danube,  European  Commission  of 
:  viii.  268; 
.iii.  71!':  xix.  7" 

•i'.'l  :    Kilia   (ju.-stion.    vii. 

uii'U-rirnniiKl  <-Mimrrtion  \\  itli  the 
:lic  Iron  (Jat'-.  ii. 

691 ;  viii,  309,  ••  :  map 

ol'pr-  i.  789. 

I»an  .  ';.  ii.  488. 

Danvill,-.  111.,  xvii 
Danvill,.  Va..  \\ .  1  •_'.-,. 
Daoud  Pasbu.  vii. 
Darby.  J..bn.  obit.,  ii.  578. 
Darcell.  Aim  .1.  ,,bit..  xviii. 
Dardanelles,    the.    illu-tration.   i. 
:  .tin-..ti..ii  of  tin-,  xvi,  784; 

D' A  renal,  Donna  Conccpcion.  xii. 

704. 

Dar-e*-Solam,  port  of,  x,  796. 
Darvr 

DarK 

jK.rt.,  xiii. 

Darlin-.  Ili-nry.  obit.,  xvi.  • 
l»'Arlihir<- 
Darr,  1 

..nv.,1.  l>r.. 

591. 

:  incntS  by, 

•••h  "t.  vii.  188. 

Darwin,  Francis,  experiments  by, 
iii.  444;  iv,  36 ;  v.  106. 

Darwin.  O.  II.  and  M.,  observa- 
tion* bv.  vii.  H 

Danh  Kepri,  x,  9. 

Dasbnr,  the  treasure  of,  xix.  til . 

Daubijrny,  (.  F..  obit.,  iii,  658. 


.  \i.  714. 

':,,  III-    b\.    i\ 
.    .'I, it.,    iii.    • 

liiti.in.  \ix. 

Cincinnati, 

tors  of  the  B 

Dav."  •  .  ii.  246. 

.    x\i. 

1  •  1 '  '• . 

!  '_'.'>. 

711. 

.  080. 
obit.,  \i.  • 

Davi.i-  •     .  ..Lit..  \iii. 

arles,  skeU-b.  i. 

I 

578. 

\.  •!..  "Kit..  \\ii,  548. 

.    ini|«ach- 
iiu-nt.  i.  560. 

,  Admiral,  si 
ii.  -J48. 

WL 
.i..  kketch,  xiii.  r,30. 

Davi-.  <;    T.  M..  !,  680. 

1  dam,  x,  388. 

raon,  amiiiv-tv  t 
•.1.  i.   L88-19S;   >fi^: 
resohitiot 
action  of  Congn  hurgo 

I..     <    icll.    S|, ,111: 

ski-t«-l«    ami    port 
ni'.val  ot'  rnnain-. 

l»:ivi-.  .b..,-|.h  A.,  .-bit..  \i. 

.!..>,.,,!,  .1..  ,,l,it..  xvii,  548. 
.  Sir.!..  Obil 

I'    \\ '..  ..i-ir..  i.«516. 

N.  II..  '.i  ;• 
EL,  "hit..  \ 

DaviM.n.  H.  .1  .  Ol 

Davitt.  M.  viii.  41".;  xii,  388. 

Davy,  A.,  invention,  x,  580. 

I>a\\':i!it.   Al(  • 

Dawe*.  Mi -i 
DaWHon,  A 
Dawfu.i..  I  .  SV., 

Daw8on.  N.  II.  i: 

Dawson,  S. 

DaWROfi.  Sir  William,  xi.  17. 

K.I \\anl  II.. 
llannil>al. 
l>a"\.  ll.-nrv.  obit., 

II.  El.,  obit 

Dayto;  .  144; 

water, 

Daza,    Ililarion,   skct.  i 
obit. 


».T.tt«;  *. 

'  -"• 


1 

'       ' 

.-    • 


441. 
•ffcXtt  Stale.,  an.i  of  uO. 


• 

MNMMisU.  »!;*«.  to* 

m. 

i::1,:.;: ;  : 


-..- 


.  •       v       ... 

' 
Decoration*,  M!«  of,  in  Franco,  xii, 

!'.  •  \  '      . 


«*i«  r. . 

»..  •!    iM. 
n;  %M.  J 


m 


r--i),  »t«tu«       .      . 


Do  LuMter,  «  .   II .. 

Dvlanr.  John  T..  »kt-t.-h.  .^ .  «\ 
ITS. 
•HO. 

Do  la 


791 


INI>KX. 


Deye,  Col.,  i.  4. 

726, 
Dharma  Kajah,  • 

Diamond*  in  rhinn,  |v.  14"  :  nrti- 

tuinc*  in  South  A(ri,  a.  ix.  !!>•: 
iS;  ID  Brazil,  x 

l.  •      .-,.!    ;,!.:.•:.:  .-.V 

•       '.   ,     •        i    -!.-•!.    ::.    Ml  ; 

iwmntiaed  by  U.  8.t  ili,  12,  Ml  ; 
7e  Is  Pena,  sketch,!.  380. 

:  -        s    v,  ...     : 
:.,  obit,  xv,  648. 

1-  ..-.!•-•.-    r.  x.  1  -.-... 

1'  •-    -.  i      N..-k,t.',.  xiv..:- 

!•  ,  •          .       1-           :        M    l>..naM. 

-  ,  '        ....  .     ..rtrait.  xii.  77«', 

i-  ...    •     .<    i:  .    .    •  .    .     .1. 

1.  K.    •'.,•,;,    .-:    n.  iii.  /.M. 

h  '      •    .-   •     .'-.    «.  x.:.  •_•»  '. 

I-  -.    \    I    .-.-:.;.•-. 

I'.f  .  M  .x.    ;. 

'•it..  i,  681. 

Dtotel.  t..  iv.  698. 

Diet,  while-  in  tr.  -;«8. 

DJctl,  Joflcph.  «.l-it..  iii,  658. 
Dieulafait,  dwcoverv  bv,  iv,  419. 

Diet,  F.  C.,  sketch,  i,  280. 

:.99. 
Digestibility  of  various  substances, 

Digestion,  xx,  669  ;  new  agent  in, 
vi,96;  experimental.  7f:  vii, 
94,  690;  viii,  685;  xi,  76": 
786-  xviii.  680. 

DUnet  i.  the,  be,  658;  x, 

AS;  xiii,698;  xiv,706;  x 

Dilettanti,  society  of,  x,  86. 

Dili,   IxMli*.    X 

.-bam,  0.  W..  obit.,  xx,  669. 
Dilliiifrham.  I*HU|.  obit.,  xvi,  617. 

!'          ..'    "..     ...       .'.. 

Dillon;  Sidney,  obit,  xvii,  544. 
Dlman.  J.  Lewis,  obk.  ft  681. 
Diodorf,  W.,  obit.,  viii,  599. 
Dtnjwan,  ir,  858. 

n.  ol.it..  vi,  692. 
Dio'uulu.  King,  ix.  1  1  4.  1  1  :>  ;  x,  186, 

187. 
Diatom,  8.  P..  obit.,  vii,  686. 


s,  xiii,  86. 
846. 
,x,  801: 


Dloayso, 


-    1.  >    .  •' ". 
•  . 


DWomatic    Correspondence    and 

:•',  i    -  . ;. 

1W;  vhLSTS.          'Vl 
fMijjt- tax  bill,  xW,  229;  xvl,  210, 

*•-'          '   conveotloo,  EV,  865. 

j^B^WitiSt 

k    til: 


Disciplinary  Power  of  Legislative 
Asaemblies,  vii. 

1-  MSJW,  cera  theon  .  r.  ix.  •«••:.. 
651,668;  MC  ilaoGenn  Theoi]  : 
progress  in  study  of,  vi,  552 ;  new, 

DiaestabiUhimnt.  olnm-li,  v 

K.SS,  ise.  166, 

•<ir\  IbrUquon, Booth Caro- 

i.    Benjamin,   sketches,  U, 
J18;  portrait,  ii,  854; 
U9. 

Disraeli    tmni.-try,   S. 

Dissection,  xiii.  272. 

i'C,  Tommasi's,  vii,  92. 
Disston.  11..  ol.it..  iii.  086. 
l>i-til  •  |    \\itli. 

I>wtilliiiL'.  illicit,  r, 
I>i>turnell.  .l..«.K:t..  ii,  578. 
rt80. 

I)itin.  x.  662; 

inveiitifin  t»v,  x,  844. 

Dta  I'.v.  viii.  111. 

Divim-,  (J.'K..  Invention  1-v,  x,846. 

1 

viii.  •_'.'.» :  in  I)f!a\v:ir«-.  iv,  806; 
in  Vi-rni'.nt.  v.  :«*;  i:i   Massa- 

Maitu-.  viii,  "><".i;  in  Nc\\   Ilamp- 
sbire,  viii,  662;  bill  on.  in  1 
vi.311  ;  i\.:;i-J:  in  Kl....!,-  Ulan-l. 
viii.   r.ni  : 

vania.ix,»;4-,;  in  Kansas.  \ 
..71. 

i>  x.  DototheaL.,  obit.,  xii,  681. 
Dix,  John  A.,  sketch,  iv,  815. 
I»  x.  J.  W..ohit..  ii,  678. 

•i.  Archibald.  "Lit.,  i.  «15. 
Dixon,  Harold,  experiments  I 
106,  1 1  _'. 

.  fi8l. 

..  w.  II..  sketch,  Iv,  :$16. 
Dialvecn,  taken  bv  Gordon,  ix,  301. 
Djciiad  law  of,  x,  816. 
Doberck,  on  binn  .  37. 

Dochn  .628. 

Docks,  mi|  t».  ii,  279, 

280 ;  Thames,  in  London,  v,  244 ; 
inSouthU  ilarth- 

pool,  v,  244 ;  flouting,  xii.  'J57 ;  at 

re,  xiii,  801 ;  new,  x\ . 
new  sectional  side-launci 
151 

Dodd',  Edward,  obit,  xvi,  618. 
Dode",  invcnticm  ! 

,xv,  648. 

Dodf^,  J.  W.,  obit,  xviii,  548. 
Dodge,  Norman  W.,  xi,  846. 
Dodge,  Richard  I.,  obit,  xx.  669. 
Dodjrc,  W.  E.,  sketch,  with  por- 
trait, viii,  282;  statue  of,  x. 

:l.  Ii..  obit,  tvi,  618. 
Dodf  orth.  Til-. UK.-,  obit,  i.  616. 

Dogali,  battle  of,  xiii.  _'. 
DofQ(f  t  •  .  592. 

to  tax  "ii.  ii.711  ; 
article  on  best  l.reedf.  v.itn  ilhiK- 
tra:  i 

edible,  ix,  268 ;  Efhrptian,  x 
262. 
234. 
97. 

.-      ..-:••    .-.••.-..:-. 
Dolbear.  inv.-ntioi, 
Dole,  »anford  B.,  port.,  xix,  848. 


DolgorukotV.  Pi  i- 

"Lit..  \\.  678. 

(86. 

iiu-hino,   salr   "1    |-i<-ti,: 

\--luni.  ;   iiutp 
pn>\ 

26«i: 

11   tin- 
:-"li.   II.   II..  f\|  «TUii«" 

95; 

!>«>ii.  l.anra.  «}>',- 

Doud 

Dondouk'.tl  Kor>ak..tV.    l'i.' 
;   Obit,  \\i: 

:  an,  A.  \\ 
I)..nkin,  Mr.,  xii. 
Uy,  A.  .1.. 
Donnelly, 

h..ii"li.v.  M.  T..  oWt.,  xx.  :.•;:». 
«'.  S.,  obit,  xv,  644, 
Donvo  Egar<S.  Mount,  i>. 
ttle,  T.  9.,  obit,  > 

Doomsday-Book,  ill.,  xi,  407. 
Doomsday  <  Ylri.  106. 

Doran,  John,  obit.,  iii. 
Dore\  Oustiivi-.  s.k»-t«-i 
trait,  viii,  288. 
.  Count.  \: 

Dorse\ .  Jai 

.  vii,  758. 
Dorscy.  Sarah  A..  >k.-:.-li.  i . . 

• 
Dosseh,  interdiction  of  the  cere- 

niony.  vi. 
Dost  Mohaiiiin.-'l.  family  of, 

relations  with  the  K 

x.  1. 

Doton,  Hosea,  obit,  xi,  674. 
Douai,  C.  D.  A.,  sketch,  xii 
Douhlcday,  Abner.  obit 

xviii,  548. 

It-day,  U.,'  :.«. 

I  •         • .  <  ''.08. 

.  x,  82. 

Doupall,  Jo) 
Dougall,  J.  I 

;IH,  James,  -I 
Douglas,  J.  II.. 
Douglas,  Sir  Jamee  N..  xi.  -^. 

ol.it.     and 
port,  xx,  570. 

Douls,  Cam  i  He,   • 
:;05;  sketcli. 
Doumet,  M.,  x,  155. 


Dov«,  II    ••-. 


• 


L.  XV,  rt44 
l>rnii  turr, 

< 

nHMtIt]  • 


ureoipng,  in  >rw   iort  Mroor, 
4W. 

l>rr»  14. 

.  S7>. 


KTiiK-i1 
VWR-M 

talJSkvl8.*"^ 


-   * 

'' 


Du1ltft,W.H..«ML,filNi,  IH- 

Mhs  M.  ^^, A, *a*        J. 


DvioMr,b««ri«iMi%i< 
l«l 

DMM.AfaMriM.tMlaUfMi.    t*J^_ 

pSRA^jfti^-g?      -^  a^"ai*Xi^L 

F******  57»  T*»  ^*  Tr*  •*"     -  •*"• 
noM,  la«rtilk«  by .  Ui 

h  ..--.    ,     -  -  I- 

Bttkissr 

,  » • 

i:     '.' 

ri     f 


«i«. 


»f  .  . o*».li 

fc.A|Aii*l 


;^ 


AfMctatkMi    of.      SM 


i:    .'V 


' 


796 


Dvmuno-i-Uctrii-  machine,  UluMra- 

• 

x.    -»', 


. 

railway,  ix,  313  ;  sketch  and  port., 
Eawi»?Jano  A.,  oWt 

Karle,  Will. 

Iti-n.  Jub  .    obit. 

•Od  |-rt..  xi\.  574. 
Earth,  the,  I.  *«;  11,2.19;  in.  249; 
v.  2*2;  vi 

:  .  !\  ..•-.;.     ;   ill  lis- 

.  .Vi;  area  and  popula- 

•  '  :       :   '  •..  .  v-    .   .'•  :. 

Earthquake  •-.»;  in 

Swiuerland,  v.  •;•:::   in  : 

»•-•;  at  Lima,  ix, 

.    .     •    M.  v     -.  v.      •    .    vi.       ;; 

:  \iii.  I.'.-,  •_—  .  :.:....  -    >; 
Xiv,  240,  282,  .V 

in    Zante,    xviii,    87 
Greece,  xix,  842. 

Earthquakes  and  volcanic  disturb- 
.-.  ,'.  •.:.  >-  ,Niii.-j*4;  H  Guay- 
aquil, xii,  232  ;  map  showing  the 

xi,  2M-299;   il 

Charleston,  xi,  800,  3<U  :  t  i 

of,  xi,  301  ;  ob>. 

instruments  for  recording  illus- 

tntfoM,  xi.  Mi, 

Kanh-tremom,  vil,  228. 

Ear  Ji-  worm*,  Darwin  «.n.  \  :. 
Ea«eie,  William,  i 
East  Africa.  :  \vii. 

Kant  Africa' 

2S7;  German,  x\ 

]-:.<..  ..  be.  17ft. 

question,  the,  ii,  261;  iii. 

(;  maps,  i. 
.'2,  789;  v. 

'       .     '    '      .....  -::  ;          •> 
ance,ii,807;  ill,  844;  con- 
••••:•       •-.,..  MS     DM 
.  T  .'.  .,  •.  udCh  -- 
.     .  :   .  ...i   ,n 
.,  ..,  879;    in  Ita 
,,  468;  Iv,  52«;  in  'Kn- 
.    '!•*" 

HS;»;  Turco 
Gredaa  dispute,  v,  84. 

•  ..;:-.   \  ... 

.  '•  ',...'    .  '  v 

•  :.     •-•  ..;:  .•:: 
cram,  i 

bMtra  McNunelia,  Ir,  824;  Conrti- 

.:.  : 

Vf 


Emit  Indiea,  Dutch,  xvi,  5T>4 ;  B, 
East  Orange.  N  .  168. 


ill,  J«K'l.  l>! 

Easumt!  i.  579. 


Me.  eottJMpcat,Ulaa- 


ill  11*- 
tran  tiuiiirl.  \: 

i,688. 

'-  h.iv,826. 

KU-rlin.  x,  8U8. 

715. 

'..-t'n.-:il  i"  -lift-.  \iii.  9, 

rtln' 
Ht-rn;ir.l  nllair.  \ 

:   viii. 

-«*.    See  AatrooooB]  . 

!nii-al    CMun.-il.    created     in 
-ia?  v,  640. 
Ecufl<l 

i.  -jil  ;  r.-l.,-lli.,ti.  -J41  : 
niaj'.  ii.  '-'''-T  :  vii-\v-  in.  illu.-tra- 
ti.-ns.  i.  -.'41  ;  iii.  2'".":  n-vi.lntinn- 
arv  \\artar.  in.  ; 

i  i'.  MO;  \ii.  --:,;  viii.  887, 

. 
tution  nf.  \  ii.  •_'•_'"•  :  v.ilranif»-ru|»- 

ti..l: 

i.j.iaki-.     \i;: 

ii.  •_••••.-_'  ;  auar-liiiT   «\    COOK 
iv. 

debt,  \i.   _'_•-  :  brutality  to 

•ncra,  x,  808;   treatment  of 

f.-iviirriiT-.  x.  :  :   i.'-'l'l 

inincH.  xi,  :{"'»;  religious  intol- 

erance, ix. 

.  II.  T..  ix.  44. 

;irv.  ,,i,it..  x\i.  018. 
-lone       nghthOttBQ,       un«l-r- 
inin 

•  im-«;  \nlui,  Baron  Leopold, 

hum.  obit.. 
i.  549. 

K.lh.in  -ch,  ii,  268. 

Ediaoi 
anal 

. 
inprovement0  hv, 

viii. 

'Us     by.    i: 
tin  m'nT"- 

. 

ix,805;  steam  (l\nani'>.  \\itb  il- 

lu.-T 

rd.  --bit..  \i.  71.'«. 
.  7i:.. 

Edmui 

Ivlmi  i,789. 

r>loux.  M.  I...  invention,  vi,  246. 
Edaoi,  .040. 

and    illiteracy    in    tlie 

225;    technical.  .    \i. 

229  ;  technical,  in  Pennsylvania, 


iii.  680;    iv.  719;    \ 

v 

i\ .   I.-'.:;  ;   rrt«Tin    in    Ku--ia.  viii. 

.    b2:.; 

v. 

•M.    ii. 

bli-rraililli;    II)    ^^.•ll«'"^,    ii.     P12; 

tria. 

noui 

hi-1 

i  I    MiilL'iiriaii.    ii. 
.    lii.lian.  i. 

588. 

' 
tt-iii, 

><»iii-i.   \ii,  •_';..; ;   in    I!lin<.i-. 
in  Ohi... 
in     I'l-nn-N  h;u 
lina   bill,   i 
ti-ii, 
vi.  .".71  :   ii'.nnal  .-•li""!-.  ii' 

.  .M  1  ;   in  <  'ana«i.. 

Britain,  vi.  :^'.\:  n.-i 

pupils,  iii.  4.-1.<>;  .-JIM-  in  I'l. 

pl.;;  .  n    N.-w    M 

xii.  ..i'hy   in.  xii, 

in-i 

xii.  ''•''••. :  ••!    Ii 

pul-"r\  .  in  (M-rnian;- 

Jla  - 

xii.    ">7''« :  uttitmlf    "i     M' 

t"\\ar.l.   in   bl:. 

luse  «'t".  i\.  : 
ization  «.t'.  in  lid^im; 
wotni'ii.  n  •  in.  \i. 

806;  national  u  'M  In 

«lin.    xii.    882;   ntati>- 

\ 

•  •!r^  on  tin-  States. 
Kdiu-ati-'ii.  Inilii-t! 

•    \\.,rk-  OD 

lume. 

K.lu.-ati'.n.    I'nited    St. 
-.I',  xix.  246. 

•.••man.  "bit.,  xi.  71'-. 
K-hvanls.  Aiiu-lia   I'... 

;•  nri   Miln. 
p'irtrait.  x,  804. 

K<1\\;. 

K.lwanls.  Sir  B..  "bit..  I, 
A  ill;.,,,,   11.. 

.  ..bit.,  xi.  r.76. 
K_'«  rt'.n.  in\<  nt'n.n   by.  , 

;::. 

maps, 
vii, 

r.r  ti 

>irii:an'la.'<-  in. 

in. 

rub 

exploration     ii..  .  |.ti:ii 


- 


•wy  of  • 

»V>|i.«n    • 

&U,  !»;  rilC*.    l)«.  AnUrf. 
Eim-tUn  Kin«iM«,  I.  *44:  II.  t*; 
Ml  ;  v,  s- 

i;    Italian 

\i.   »!.»    ^*r»-tt.-tt  t      *         ii       •   f 

VI   .  I  ..... 

Efyj.t  •  ,  .VUMM  Wadlof 

•  rfiuv     at 

; 

••  .  •   ,'  ., 

Kir>  i.iian».  modem,  i!lm4nitioo,  II, 


U.    U»S    U,  t: 


wa  jriSS 


.  . 


• 

JW-flw^i.*"**- 

KUdDfml  Krlnfin  t»  MtfWtaM,  ntt. 
^n;te*5jgjik«k 

- 


n.  -,,...  : 

ElbrP*.    It 

Mountain*,  x,  07. 


IUlti'1.     \ 

M. 

31  ;  IW«n» 

- 


tliix  tit     r<     .' 

E-:' 


•• 


U  ttH», 


.;14W^tWff  ••«    H 
of  i»i  IJK. 

&ll.4M;ilU.IM:«l«.M».«»>i 


rtMMM 
IMI^. 


JiMtt^VM^.  ».  !•,  ti»:  i 
u?  »k  *»u 


.AaA*  ^^A^A       M^A 

SBtiJ 


798 


IXhKX. 


!    .    ..    -       . 

:  .  i.v.  •»,:..  x-.;.  ••:•. 

'  •     .'     -..   :.    K..     .bit.,    KVi,   $19, 


!  •    .     •         :  .       -....  x.x.  Ltt, 

Emperor  of  Japan,  port.,  xix,  887. 

. 
.V.   .'       .;,,, 


Kmporia,  Kan.,  xv,  126. 
K.nu,  the.  illttatr»t 
Encke,  Ida  estimate  •  •• 

.   .-..-     .         .;:•.:.-,     MI.  '.  x.    ,.. 
••     \\        >tn    <  ..    ikH  -h.   \. 

Eaffri.  IW..X.  i:>4;  it.' 
Engeihani.  J.  A.,  sketch,  iv,  889. 

Bojpaeering,  in  every  volume  but 

KnjJIMH,  solar,  vi,  251 ;  improve- 
ment* in  ateam.  ii.  • 

.  •       .•..-   •  _-.    .-..-;. 

. 

795,  7U6;  in   Sumatra,   ix,   558; 
benefit*  of  their  rule  in    i 
xii.  242.    See  i. 

and  A«ia  in  articlea  on  Geograph- 
ical Exploration. 

English   Channel   Tunnel   Punic. 
A  K4 

Engtiah.    .1.  .   203; 

.  famous  collection  of, 

: ! 

•       -•.•,'.      .    I'.:    •          '    .       ;-..   x. 

.  129. 

rrffl,660. 
Kanag:  ii.  17. 

.     -    .,.-.  .  \-.i.   '.     •.     s.-,-  >il.,..    vi. 

808:  anati 
Entail,  law 
Eotoio-Chlor..ph\  1.  ix.  658. 

EntomoiogUta,  Aaaoeiation  <>: 
Envelope*.  j»ancr,  xi.  784 ;  Uluxtra- 

••    ..     .  .   •••    --:!.-:! 

• 


. 

: 

ttoa  of  the  •praui  of,  x,  5oil. 
•pjacopml  Church   in 

MM,iU,  708;  xir,  7*»: 


.  . 


•SCTaCar'SS:  rf 

iwa,   Darracka  of, 

; 

Kntria,  loanb*  at.  xti,  18. 


Erichacn,  A 

i  ri  IMML  •'••'  <•'..  ik<  ••  :i.  nv,  KM; 

.?•>•.     illucf 
i.  599. 

.  bit.,  xvi,  619. 

•J8U.  640. 

i 

Krupti..ii».    v..K-ani»-,    xi,   66,  806, 

Kr\ih. 

.  140. 

.'!,  Sir  T.  li 
.il.  thf.  illi. 

141. 

.  T.  1.  .  obi 

:  \iii.  -J7. 
inc   Hill,  nfi-n>iK)li>   . 

M. 

.-.  II.  A.,  sketch,  i.  . 

•     Ix..  .-Lit  . 
. 

.  J 

- 
npt  tonssu- 

Kthcri/jjtioii,    n-t-tal.    ix.    747;     in 

.-h'-U-ra,  x.  800. 
Ethnology,  bureau  of,  xii.  1.".. 

x,  1 
Etna,  eruption  of,   viii,   2S<*. :    \i. 

880;  m-w  craU-r,  380. 
Kttinullrr.  K.  I...  tiliit..  ii. 
EuU-ii  it,  "bit..  \i. 

KuK-nbi-r/.     I'n.t..     in 
..  689. 

151. 

Etionyniin. 

Euphorbia  pilulifera,  x. 
Europe,  in  volumes  i  to  v  in« 
Evangelical  Alliance,  the.  i. 
ii.  I 

:   on  Intnl.  : 
316. 
Aswociation,  in 

i,  uti'i  xvii. 
Evangelical  Union  of  Scot  land,  iii, 

V.'iiii.ini. 
x\ii;. 

::iun.  obit.. 

•'.n.      ruiv»-r-i:\       Hall     at, 
illu 
Evan 

EvarUt.    W.    M  .   sketcJ 

•.  ii.  -j-4: 
..n  • 

It,  ii,  579. 

:  1884, 
ix,8H;  of  I8h:-. 

• 
1888,  xiii,  318; 

. 

:   Of  1^94,  Xix,  2/ 
.  -^-,8. 

>.izhe«t  mountain, 
ix,  349,  548,  544. 


U 
42. 

-'..:.'. 

389; 
h.  xx,  «89. 

K  \\i-i:. 

.iuiti"ii.H     !•  • 


BOO. 

iilmu'i'M.    i! 
ti«»n. 
K\<-li:.  .  325. 

of  inl 

liar 
n'«     plan     t«tr    rijlar^cin.  ni. 

685,  778;  appropriation  f»\ 

:    i  HUM  rat  i- 

leather,  in  IM-I  I'm.  ii. 

in    H,-rliji.    iii. 

p:ui.  ii.  414  :   Au-tralinn. 

Mian   miitril'Uti. 
iii,  'Jt'i-  ;  ap].ropr:ati"ij    <>! 
mark,    ii,    249;  Ol    •    • 
I'ar: 

Vi.  IJ'ld;    v 

viii,    4f,4;     in    Santo    D.-I, 
viii,   718;  in   Culcutt 

xi.    r,0;  in    Aiit 

Hun 

xii. 

Am 

In  T«-niu»- 
Kxliibitiotis,     pirtun-. 

Arts. 
KMK  •;  . 

vii.  • 
Exodus  of 

'i'  n    t-i   t 
xviii,  IsT. 

Kxpl"!  .;.|i'n-al 

Explorati 

nnir.i 

vciiti-.n  of, 
vii.  296. 

high 

iinial.      S.  • 
bib;:  nial. 

Exnohiti-.n.   ln<li. 

269. 

1  alitor- 

. 

:    xiv. 


- 


World'.,  of  lluo,  0, 


,1.  •;.,,-.,  .  D     ...   i 

.„-,     ..!    I!..!;.  i..:;  ,          i 


-44. 


I-:     ' 


»*;«, 


X,  660. 


w. 

^44. 

Falen'cf,  via.  641. 

Falrt. 
Fairba 
and  portru 

obit., 

660. 

Kmlly,  obit.,  a,  ^09. 
u-lMrologlc, 

. 

Falk.  . 

Falkland*  U'.an.l  xiil. 

Fall  !•: 

-' 

11 
V 

L64J 

tSm\£  , .  •   • 

laad,  xv.   s:»o;   in   Ku,.; 
Famine   in  iVr- :a    x 


*: 

...  .-,., .   . 


m 
i 


_7t 


Fulki 


•»••»•••     ^.?! 

^ 

Fmttrw,  F rmoc-4.  F«IU,  «4^4  flrf    | 


Scst?-*?1* 


rH«ftl*» 

; 

Kl!k^Ca|4.ll.«4^l.6H. 
•ML.I.4I4L 


.;  ioTur 


t  nn  ...... 


803 


INDKX. 


•    .-    •  .-  -,  •    ;  .  -•     -. 

-         .  i!        ' 

' 

119; 
FeTW-lYrnn.     Fitterf    .ketch, 


x       .    ... 

i.    •-•-..-..  x*i;.   ITT. 
animal  from  vegetfthl.-.  \ii.  11". 

Flation,  recent  Bee 

'•';• 

Field,  Ml*.  Pax  id  Pu,li,y...L5t..  i. 

at. 

:       :  M  ••     •.  h  ...-.it.,  xx.  .-.:•. 

'         .     M    •        "A    .   -       '       .  xix.  '...•'. 

i         -   i'-.  :•..-:•  .-.*.  x  iii.  .-.::. 

Fields,  Jaii  !).  vi,  288. 

Ftgner,  Vern,  ix.  711. 

7;  xv, 
49;  xix.  6*.    SccFi 

Fillmorc.  Caroline.  "hit.,  vi,  682. 

Finance*  of  Egypt.     8< 
Finance*. 

Finance*  of  I  n-1  ia.  ortisure  of  man- 
•K*!  W. 

Finance*  of  t.  -  fnit.-d  States,  in 
every  volume.  See  aUo  Com- 
mercc,etc,,  vi.120;  vii.  11<>:  and 
for  finance*  of  the  vari-.i:-  .,,un 
trie*  and  States,  eee  articles  on 
the  countries  and  States  in  each 

Financial  erfces  over  the  world.  ii, 
109;  of  the  United  States, 

Financial  depre**.  n.  in   IVrn.  i, 

Ian;  rnuny,  iv. 

.    ..  ...  .  i.  .-..  :-;  . 

. 

808;  of  1890,  xv,  801;  of  1891, 

• 

. 
Flndb^  H:,. 

.  x,  858  ;  in 

. 

•  .        <:    in 

FJnUu) 

«nl.?  ^verieab 

'.•»!. 

-iM 

bpr.  new  material  f,r  • 


fflawflb 

.   .  . 


Alabama 

xii.  «4S.  *M. 

- 


law 


lace  and  «•'• 
Firoa,   Bro  .  005; 

Th«; 

M 

Finuthuhi  tiil>v,  tin-.  \ 

394;  obit., 

nfc, 

Ki>li.  «Miltun-  nil., 

i.  viii. 

Fi-h  i'ommi^ion.  I'.  S..  viii.  T'.M  ; 
\.  | 

•ultiiiv  in  tin-  t'nit.'.l  - 
with  illuHtniti-.iiH.  vii; 

Iliimiltoii.  ..Lit.,  xviii. 
Ki-)i.  II 

...rl.-.  ..Lit..  \\i. 
Fi>)i.  ;  !!..  ..Lit..  \i. 

Planer, 

Fi-lu-r.  II.  G 

FMii-r.  Sir  .1.  \\ 

Fi-ln-rirs.  < 'liin. •>..-.    n-    «':ilit'..rni:i. 

iii.  71  :  j»r..t«-i-tio!i  in  ( 'ulilornia. 

r,    7"-:  salmon,    in    <>r»-_r"ii.   iii, 

-h.'i.l. 

M:ir\  hin.l.    iv,    .*.'.•  1  ;    on    the 

Connecticut  River,  vi,  ';."'.' : 

Jem 

foondUmd,  iii.. -.10,706, 

•v.   xiii.   -J17  :   Ala-kaii.   xiv. 
i'1-J.  ' 

:  Tiiit..!  Stat«-  in  1880, 
vii.  .309. 
Fisln-ri.-s.   U.    8.,    statiMi.-H,   viii, 

s47. 

1     avention,  International, 
vii. 

MLition   nt    H<  rlin.   v, 
•  ition    of   United 

Fi-ln  '      .  I  nitcd 

X,    1  '.  :     ]-a\  iii.-nt    an<l 

prot 

Bay  out- 
ran .  i  r.-n.-h 
riot*, 

\ii,  •'..'.:  Lill  to  ] 
jvvi<  '.v   ..t'   tin-   H 

<•  Hcvolutiom.rv  War, 

.•     ••  .     .          :   t    •.:"..•'.'••.    !•   ->- 
..'    .!,..-     :    -1  |-1.  rir.!;-   arran-.- 

Nort 

FinliiT,.  -n  ( 'oliitiil.ia,  Ral- 

Fi-k.  I'.  K 

F'm-l.. 

.  n. 

' 

FUagerald,  Prof.,  address,  xi 


:  :7. 

•..iii,  687. 
Flame.  Inn: 

Flan.  It-rs,  castle  oi 

Flau  h 

.n.l  li.-ni].  M 

x.  :;•.•:•,:  ..Li- 
.  r,  II.  1...  »kel  li.  xli 
I 
Flritman.   I>r..  <liscovcrics  !• 

.   16,  44;  x, 

Fl.  t.-li.-r.  T..  cxiM-riiiif! 
Fl.-iiry.  K.  P.ToWl 

tallii-  tulx-s,  xvi.  711. 
Flint.  Au-tin.  "Lit.  xi. 

Fiil.t.    <'!,;,] 

Flint.  Franklin  F..  obil 
Flint.  Mi.-h..  xvii:. 

iketcb.  \iv,  639. 

of  cx.-avatioii-. 
]'l'»-i<.ii.  47-"'  :  ii   ' 
Fl'-o.U.  in  <'liina,  i,  ll'»  ;  viii. 
xviii,  160:  in  South  Am-  r! 

;    in   (M-rmany.    i.   848;    \iii. 

:  in  HIIIILMI 
in  N.-va.la.  iii.'i"!  :   '• 
318;  in  Illin..;-. 

:    in    Ark:i:  :  :    in 

in"  I.M,iisiai,H.  \: 

in     M  Q    tin- 

Ohio  Vai 

^ylvaiiia,  xviii.  ill"  :  j 

688: 

Flo,,,, 
Floquet,  M 


.  Ala.,  xi-. 
,.  W.  .l....l,it.  xvi.  «V.'l. 
Fl'-ri'la.  in  - 
dons, 
tint  clwti- 

:    Indian  T 

-J7-'  : 

iii. 

iv. 

Mij.r'.veinrrit  af'pr'i].i-i 

:  roponed  re 
swamp-lands,  vii.  :;i-J:  viii, 

in.  xi.  :;:.":  mincraU  in..\i 

constitnti 

pormlsiTi.-M.  xv.    31  f«: 

xvi,  800;  phosphates,  xviii. 


tllr-.M 


toiMAAJ-- 

EBl 


I 

*   •- 


•cl.  •  ••• 
l»*-»l*tia|. 


MMI.  akotah,  Ir.  «7t.          FJM^'jilto.flMfct.t.ML*1 
baric*  J  .  <>l>  .«y«  JUt    i  ««t 


IMMiAtelKlMi 


mlw,  IN»ri«-r*  «k>  Mello,  A.  M  .     K 

>•  v  nliK*  of,  vi.  ••' 
art*  •bowUM  OB|»« 
poMtion  of,  S44,  •<U/- ;    tt-iult.-r»-     r 

i, .-...-.  -.    \  i.  ••  •   •     • 

14*.   r 

lUII.  xx.  i9T.  f 

•t    l.nth.  n  i,,  - 

t.-.  Qktob,  obit  .  \-.x.     ;  K 


!„-,     I,,   .-_•..         • 


U.    tit.    II  I 


-t  Lnhor.  x.  Kit. 


.»r 


^88;  inrturnc* 
I 


INDEX. 


;     boundary    dJi»|-ut«-     with 
Brazil,  xx,  9«;  Bourgeob  oaW- 

.•;;••  ...in  -:  v,  xx. 
Fwnce,  Robert  H 

FraiKx-clu. 

•  .       .  •     J 
- 

:  .i   -        .    I.njjH-ror.  iii,  41  ; 

rtruil 

on  ate*J.  xi,  ffaatfyi. 
Franci^  Joeeph,  obit,   and 

FrancU, 

..  Mr  i-hiiip.  ..i.it.,  i.ea. 

:• 

Fran. 

i-j. 
Franco-German  War.  See  Chun  />  . 

Aval 

FrutikniMi  in.   F.  <•.  A..  «»|,it..  \\. 

Frankitii:  !" 
Frank 

RyObtt,  .i 

>  •   Jchn.  >vaivli   l»r,   ii. 


ItaMMkj.  K.  F  -.79. 

Franz.  I 
Frrnner.  A.   i 

Franer  River,  hell-gate  gorge,  xviii. 

Fraternal  fontm-- 

Fraternity  -I  J« 

Fraud*,  "alli-j.n-tl.  .  .-    in 

Georgia,  iv.  4-.-1. 
Fraunboicr'j*  line*,  xii.  41:.'. 
Fra\nc.  Fmnk  I..    '  it  .  \vi. 
Frainr,  Jame.   Semen 

foderU    William.    I' 

:  IHT- 
ln» 

Fmlenrk    Wiili.  oe     of 

•yw. 

l»e  FM  obit 
:  : 

Fraderldubuiv,  battle  of.  xi,  41*.. 
Fradericton.  .  i4«. 

•       • 

Frw  B^itirt  Church,  xbc,  8W  ;  xx, 
Frae  Church  of  England,  i,  S19  ;  ii, 
Trm  Cbureh  of  ftcoUand,  xiii,  704, 

-.r...;.- 

Fi«e  Churcfaea,  CoDgraa*  of,  xx, 

Frw  Cotaace,  xrli,  SOS. 

Fmdooi  ol  Worahip  bill,  the,  x, 

Frw  krantdkml  (Kn^li.h  )  Church- 

•        • 

"'  °Mt- 


John  DM  obit,  ri,  «77. 


FIWM  '16. 

.  ll-.». 

. 
•_•-.. 

: 

i.  819. 

i   an.1. 

rt88. 

• 

French  a.|\. 

898  ;  in  T<>n<|ii  :  ,i.in. 

inuie! 

. 
h  Canadian-  .  \\  iii, 

i.  .l«.lin.  \,  1  •_'"'.. 
Bh,  .I"hn  K..  <.hit..  \v.  ''.17. 
French   language  in  school-. 

French.  B0T,  M..  Obit, 

French    i-ettl. -IIH  nt-    in    l»al 

Xvii. 

.  Virginia  I...  ol 
French  Spoliation  (Mai 
Frcpjicl.  '  n  i.  '"'71. 

>ir  Hurtle,  ii.  -:..  -•;;  i\.  l-jl. 

ii  ami  |'«n: 
•imr.l.  obit.,  xi.  71.'.. 
orhan   mini>tr\.   iii. 

Fresend,  Krnst.  \ii.  f,~.\. 

t  in  Alabama,  xvii.   :'-. 
.  Ml. 

.  xiv.  147. 
net.  (Miarle-    I...ii:>  .1.-  Saul- 

obtt  .  xvii. 

•;<)9. 

.  98. 

• 

i.,mler.  ])r..  xii. 

I 

Karl. 
sketch.  \ 

Friendly,  or  Ton  .'tteaty 

wit!  i;   annexa- 

tion, viii. 

Friei.  ,   volunio  bi/ 

xiv. 

rep<  .  h  volume  : 

t'-.r  woman's  col! 

:   \iii. 

• 

•  ,M in  ye»rl\ 

M.iii,S50. 
Fri.^e,  K 

i..  xiv,  680. 
.   dtjnen-ati'>n>«   bv.   viii, 

476. 
.-  re,  x,  863. 


Frith.    \\  .  i 

1      '\\  .. 

• 

• 

Frutl." 
Fr«-tli 

.    II..  obit, 
Proud 

Fniitlan.lc,  xiii.  11. 
Fr\.  II.  >t.  .1..  obit 
.  an.l  11.. 

•     .  .-hit..  \\ 
.   11. 

Furl  rartriilL"-.    invention   • 

•;.M  :  ilhMratii.i  . 
Fiilirirh.  .1..  --k« ' 
Fuku>awa.  the  \- 

Pulaba. 
Fnlford 

Fullt-r.  i 

FnlU-r. 

Fullrr.  .1.  I  •  • .  viii, 

Fuller,  .lol.n  W..  "hit.. 
FulU-r.    Mc-lvilli- 

Full.  : 

Ful !»-r.  Siuiiucl. 

Fuller.  William  II..  "hit.,  iii. 

Fullerton,    La<h     - 

Fullerton,W.,  Ji  .ii,684 

Fult 
Fund 

II..  "1-it..  i 

aim-r..  ol 
.  Arthur,  x. 
B 
479. 

Fur-.-eal-.      Se. 
F\le.  K..  inv.-n:i..ii   : 

Gage,  S.  F.,  ins  \,  vii, 

:Je',  M.,  x,  :.: 
Gainexborougb,  HI!«  of  H,  x. 

'•I ill.  battle  . 
-ville,  Tex.,  xvi. 


. 


l«, 


IN. 


i* 

SjB^ftjMJ^ 


:,  Mr,    -    i 


'17;  |-*tr» 

*v 


MI  g 1 1|          ,4    »IL.  A^B  t  ^^ 

•  \« 

i .  , 

L-  it 


.  . 


br. ». 

-h.abll, 
Dougfe.,  p.»rt.,  xx, ». 

' 

(fiit\i-it--ii.    T.  ••  .  .    > 

1 
1 

< . .  •    .   \  •  . 

tU,  »k»tol.  and  portn> 
tU: 

ln«i.. 

' 
• 

t41; 
Huu<*,  xi.  Ml ; 

' 
• 


00,494;  u 

, 
*     t|.«ui..ti.  C7.          CM« 

'4t.tH.a«. 

•  tf^UMM   ly.     tMM 

Us 

-•t*,jj.m 

,m^oui';J!li.  fcH          &|Al 
tfam«.J.  W...ui.it,«A 
«.»rTvtt«L<i,  M»r»  K  .  o* 


-a      IMMM^-    . 

IIJ,  lll      iLllll       IWMM»  ^«M«.     • 


,..••,.•-.. 

ki«m 


P., 


miff»IJ.,obli..i.ai 

tU;   iW, 


• 


804 


fcr.  ^.4<»; 

• 
dalepoch,  x,  404  ;  8uu»  surveys, 

GeXkal    Society    of  America, 


Xrifl,  SI. 

,.  :       •'  '     - 

, 


:•  '•* 


•    • ' ;  ' 

.  •  '-.'• :. .  .,',„>  Vi 

.        .  ..  iv.  -.       :    ll:o 

rk.  jcii,   846;   « 
Georvr   V.  ex- Kin?  of  Hanover, 

Georxr.    l>uke    of    Mccklt 
.«84. 

!>.    •     ..    .•.:.'.      .XIX.7WX 

Confederate  monument 

fnU-B&M  in.  v.  «OH;   artesian 

..,.;.       ;-:    ,5,ati,    ..:    li.-v. 
Stepbew,  vftlW;  «»tflfth»rpe 
.-       .    -.    ..      -  •:    :•  iiMK-r 
ancein,x,409; 
ita  claim  again- 
841:  negro  exod. 
Gerard  electric  lamp,  illustration, 

Gerber.  experiments  1 

600. 

Geriach,  Franz,  sketch,  i,  888. 
German    Centralism    in    Austria, 

.48, 

Oman  emigration,  vii  848. 
German  Evangelical  ihunh.   xi. 

German  Evangelical  Svn«d. 
M«;  .cnca, 

•1U. 

German  Government,  in  I'olyneme, 
li,  68 ;  colonial  policy  of,  ix,  862 ; 
unexadon  in  iVnua,  ix,  «40. 
.  \  •         v    ,  ,..   .:.;;:  -- 

German  Parliament,  vi,  887. 

:.;•       .     -  ;:.     •   ,•    •.   '. 


— »  Railroads,  v 

r^rmanium,  xM»», 

Gennany.i!  msp.i, 

..;;:;.-;. 
*SO.  861,864;  politic:. 

law  against  copying  works  of  at, 
?.*4 ;  particular  parliament.  844, 
»46:  protartsacainiit  railroad  ae- 
qnietlUi  by  the  Imperial  GOT- 
erntaent«  844  *  Catholics  and 


^•VMMMVi        WW  •          ^^•Wil  v«^N^      »a^j 

KadicaU,  S44,  «47 ;  ju  UoUl  b»l», 

&4<t  •  tJM  V-tnt^mr     n   111  '  fl      t  i    t 

of  ibe  la«»,  S47 ;   the  Eactern 

: 

.   • .   ' 
;:.-;' 
',-•    •. 

•WTktkm.  M« :  ftooda,  S48 : 
m;  dwdooolFroekenbeck.  >>. 
»4t;  AI«a*r-Lorrainc.  »49,  »52 

»;Ta,»\f;  vttt,*97; 
(x,  «•;   Supre  M  Tribunal   at 


U,  SAO;  difference  be- 
apeiv  tke,   S61; 

;   it.   >  '.    .  :    •!    i.    .i"  !"i-.:.'..'; 

;  •••••..      •  .1  .-N.   iii.     .-  :  vli. 

•.  :   ..  .'.     »n     in     it,     iniui  iiinl 

.niii- 

l«  aaaaacin.  .  iii. 

•    :in.| 

i  Mti  board  <  \f  ib  tion,  8*  I ;  lei 

t«-r  1: 

rith 

441:  .886; 

.:.•    with     Nicurueua,    886; 
We»tpha)i:. 

886;  taritl 

488;  r<  t'u>ul  <>t°  I'arii;.! 

ami" 

•     ' 

plim-  liill  roi«-ct4   . 
ii»-tail.-  "f  uiiitii-ation. 

t«  refuse  Jj<>:  Km- 

pcror,  440  :  r  disanna- 

ment,  iv,  440;  tn:ity  <>|   1'ra^ue 
ii   <>f  S.-li 

.    441  :    the    KLryptinn  debt, 
441  ;  ju'lirialn-or^auizatiftn,441 ; 

-iilljoall     I>la!i«l>.     H'_'  I    iirillV 

bill, 

Trading   Company,    819 ;    sub- 
urbs 01  Bamborg  annexed,  319, 

.    820, 

• 

liihit  n-la- 

'  i"lial 

.lognecathc<lral. 

,1.  vi.  :U4:    vii.  864; 
:  I5isrnar<-k  «!-•- 
feated'>n  T 

•    with 
r..-i,nij&jen,  845;  LiU-ml  iri. 

Kichter,   :;; 

the   costnii  :i4'i; 

meetipfTM  of  einjieror*,  846  : 

••'•;  ooncesM 
papal   |-.\v. T.   vi.   ::4', : 

;•'. ;   htnijf- 

gle*  over  laws  relating  to  e<  • 
aMtical  offlcen,  v 

•  '  •-     '••     ...'.'     :  ~t..:.   -..    :.,:>•:,.:•  •    ; 

and  •  ncan 

.   396;    tro:  -i*in, 

8»6;  copyright  treaty,  897  : 
Intion*    with    France,   897;    at- 

»ehooliiot  Alnac  397; 

!i«im,  899; 

hviricnicanlnrt '  .899; 

French  feeling  toward,  ix,  889; 


.-hip  - 


dine  :    n-|>*-nl 

tivai 

Kii.u'  in   !'• 

of  the  army.  xii.  W-  : 
l.  '•'•-'<  :  t'r<>n! 


at  L 

.  :   illiirs-*  (•: 
1'riiKf.  ::i.'7  :  th<-  tr'; 

.lin/    "f    tl;i-    Kmj.in-. 
Mian    sj'io    in     I 

•"'86. 

vii, 

na    in 

Gesels<  1 

.  viii,  »J1  1. 

(Ihili.  'i.'^. 

Gliilxi 

• 

(iholuin  Hydi-r  Kl 

ll'-jij-i-r. 
xviii. 

(iil.l  '.48. 

<rilitx><  it.,  i,  684. 

• 

.  342. 

M..     di, 
I  .  invention,  Lx,  736. 


. 


I  ** . 


m 


*    «li. 


'•44. 


.  6*7. 


:35;  obh.,1, 


«.  -       -         ;      V 


HWOTMM;  mm*mmmmwm\      m 
•».*•««.  Ml.  W*t«.  «M".  ' 


-• 


•.    -      : 


:    •        . 

IB  •»•!•  • 

V.  A  • 


mm  -    i.  1M. 

.    K.   *«c    .%.'.. 
liey,  is.  »«S.  a;s  a:  ' 


• 
MM     AII  I  •    !•         affw^BL,   I 

1  i 


:am>»i 


B06 


Got»a,J.  ..%»». 

i 

«•         •.••'.        \      •          ..I'!.-    !•    t.  !. 


II    i:  ..'49. 

Gortchako:! 

Gortyna,  In-  x,  87. 

Goahen.  anrvh  for,  x,  86. 
Goahenlan  x,  85t  87. 

..a.  ..Mt..i.  618. 


Go**.  l'hili|>  li  .  ilLMt. 

G<*aatrn*kia.  L.,  akctch,  i,  848. 

...    -.--..:,:,.  li,  7...-,. 

•  .   i     vemtar  o£   oh  • 

Oou^r.i.  V 

Gotuh,  John   Bartholomew,  obit. 

and  i 
Goulard  ami  Gihlw.  induction-coils 

na 

.1  «.l) 

Yi.TKi. 

-ki-tcli 

and  |»>n.,  xviii,  355;  nou» 

Gourk      «..n.  .1.  \ 

• 

1          •.        '  .•      .  -.  \.  }"".. 

Oowi  '.:52. 

Gower,  Frv-i 

Grac*  :.*). 

Grace-  Anmbar  contract,  xii,  662. 

.  .  ,  •     .     ;     rim.-nt-.  vi.  :•«.». 

..obit,  and  |N,n.. 
xiv,  68i. 

Orai  • 
tJrmA 

Ciraham,  Andrew 
(Jimh, 

Grah.  •    witj, 

.      .        .  •   -    •- 
ol  bU  campaign,  iHTsM.  W 

.       •          :,:•-• 

Ormh. 

Graham.  J.  an<l  \V.,  picture  col!  ec- 

: 
• 

'•18. 

• 

GralMm. 


Gran 
829 ;  badireii  of,  colored-plate  il- 

li.  i.  848. 
\,679. 

\    I '..... hit.. 
Gnmti!- 

• 

Grant.  .1.  A  . 

Grant.  •' 

( irant .  .'ill. 

saffi-  :   tr.i\.l>  ..t',    iv, 

r.-.l  li>t.  vii,  i: 


)it.. 

H6C    :. 

front;  bJsDirtb place,  illuMi 

l»v. 

.  in.  11:.. 

•  :iinl  \V:ir... 
(Jraut  I.aii.l.  i\. 

iii.'iiuinciit.  tin-. 
(Irant^  t«>  pi*  and  \\;it,-i- C..MI; 

• 

.11.  i.;.  li:.. 

.    •/  ""/.,  I1L  :   ..Lit. 

aii.l  port..  \vi. 

.   iii.  ^7  :  <-ul- 
tur. 

<;ru|H-Su/ar.  vi. 

(ir:i|.i.  !  art,  first  «-\hihi- 

ti«.:.. 

Gnuat's.  •'.  \  iii,  1 1  ^. 

.)'pc.>.    ii 
ti'.i.  '.'.' ;  in  Mint, 

II.  <:..  -Lit.,  ii.  Ml. 

I 

;-47. 
Grave*. 

-,  Kalpli  Ii  818, 

>,  Samuel,  ohit..  \\.  .".?4. 
.  --l.it..  viii. 
• 

.    •••. 
(iravitation.  1;|W  of.  \i . 

• 

• 

• 
I'.,  pit-tin- 

Great  Britain  an<l  In-lan.|. 
t.  U-i/i-luti\ 


. 
.;.'•->;    iiiiTi-liant.-'    >lii|'i-iiiif 

MOU-.I-.   859  :   lion,,-  nil«-   \'<" 

.'H>  ;   I.  ill  t«.  Mip- 

preaH    th.  in    India, 

861:  thr  Turki.-h  •|tu-.-timi. 
the  Eaatern  qix 

!iit  898-899,  401-402  ;  v,  83'. 

..-.-.    i  .,  •.-•;..•  ,,n.   ill.-; 

Salar  Jon 

tin-   ft 

,<'ti'.ii  l.\   Iri-ii  n 

Uon 

of  Ku-..--Tiirki»'li  i-.l, 

.n   war.   iii.'  106;    Ini- 

1.      (tr.lcr    of    lli. 
n.li;,. 

trim. 

lal.or  -tril.'  Lank 

luilur 

and   : 

army  disci  plin<-  hill.  i\ 

solution    ol 

:ition    in    \\ 

Boutl 

.ami, 
!ri-l,  >|.r;i!,. 

Uradlaii.'!,  : 
r.radlaiitrh  ;   (Jlail.-toij. 
mi-lit  of  Austria, 

per- 

R-i:ulatioii   . 

inquii 

tin-   Ul.    of  Man.  844;  th.     . 

<llli->tio||.     I 

\  iii.  41  1-tlT:  i\. 

for  diMrm-tion   <.}   j»p>p«-rt;. 

:   attrmpt. 
aaaainati'.!, 

approj,  nation-  f,,r  tli.    : 
il      dc 


- 


: 

*.  :'.:.•;:  titl- 


y      cnom. 

priin*-   in: 

<|ilc."tioii     of    .-lotlirr. 
projHTty  of  mar. 

famin 

land-.   418:  oompaivon  oi 

in    i'apua. 
Australian 

Artl. 
don   $ 

of-lanil     b 

on  ti  :    nan- 

• 

' 

dynamite 

878;  th.  8k 

--'  liamlitj  -ian- 

cial  -. 


i...       •: 

.to,,-,    U-        - 

, 

J  • 

4A4 
«A4; 


....... 

•  takvd    4A9  i  an 


. 


StLfc 


• 


•.te.UM.. 
«.r«t,    K 


*^xi,40i;  Nfrarimn  ^ 

in    \V  .«  •  •-.    4    t  , 
•Mil  HIT  in    Trafalgar 

•ottelM 

tMrfwy.  ;  iho  r-.uiHl  UHU.U4; 
tm|»i*n,  414,  ttT ; 

fIVM.  Ut,  U9. 

r«  .4*  I  .. ".  •    M    •/  .•  :..\. 


,   i  .         '  .    '       -•      ' 


i 


••L 
.. 


• 
OMVW*,MUI.W«< 

Or^wW.  J^>.  »yL.  jjL  *t.  1*+fj*.+l 

'        •                  '  SSSifiiiLMM^ii 

Gr«.y.  EJ.^i,  •JtHA.  •«.  ML  t««r 

O^ILZ^SdMH. 

--•    -    ^^.        .,  Ml      MA.  LMl^^fti^MM       «4^      •*            »       >••         * 

^^^•l  '*^™'^^i-^^B"»  ""^i  ^^  —  — • 


iriVVl  AMIMMM** ••••••«  »•••»,   •"  • 

tt^X^EOLp! 

(in**.  Boilto  B..  «WL.  d,  «a 
Or^o 


SttAT 


upUli 


JTt. 

" 


. 


: 

I«M^  e«     « 


SBfer  g- 

•MM*}  Jt^ 


(in,  ,  lot    - 

1 
' 
• 


808 


INDEX, 


.•      •      i,  lay,     a,       .    : 

i1.     .      ...::.-. 

Guatemala  L«  Antigua,  Illustration, 
• 
,uil.  earthquake  at,  xli,  8M. 

...-'.I  ..  :    .    '.::     -      .. 

Guden,  Dr.  von,  drowned,  xi 

-•-.-.  .•>.     :  ;. 

'I.''..'... 

-  i-M'ursion    with 

rtharn 


'  . 


.  7i-;. 

.    \iv, 
Ml. 

.•  h.  n.l  I'ortn^'t,. 

•.iii,  688. 

Guitcatf*  Trial,  x  uti-m, 

- 

.-Mi -at  ion 
•-'-«;  xii,  :ili. ; 

;t.,xix,  579. 
Gulran,  X,  8. 

...      .-        ••..-,••.-. 

torn  Ariiona,  vi.  !•"•. 
Gun-cotton,  x,  843. 
GundlacJi.  1  .  .v«.  505. 

Gungauhaiiia'd  emha*- 
Gungi,  J..  obit.,  viii,  59V. 

.•  ....  ;,.   .,,... 

Gunnery,    improvements    in 


. 


hundred  ton,  u**l  at  Spozzia.  il- 
..•-..-..-.-. 
\    •'    "      ./.      -:  :     •    • 
dynamhv,  with  illimtration,  ix. 
•/T4 ;  rifle*,  with  illui.trationa,3di, 
.'74.  //  M^.  ;  for  coa*t  doi^ntf, 
xfl,  S48 ;  new,  xlii,  7 W ;  xi vf  81 1 . 

• 

£Mtor,J.O,ob 
GWMJ 

•••.vli,. 


Haarlem,  view*  in,  i'.. 

«  , 

. 
\  ii.  88. 

..toblaaU.     See    HI.  ><-<!.    \iii. 


Gjkkti, 


Tliit 


,  or- 

.  7  ."•!. 
DOMOMr,  <r.  A.. 

.  Anii.Ul.  \. 

•  .  William,  .il.it..  xii. 
Halm  H:il:i  . 

,.,... 

Huhn.  Mi.-lKK-l.  ol.it..  \i 

Unit' 

Haii'lit  Id  JTV  II.,  i.  hit.,  iii. 

Haillr,  Willii.m.  ol.it..  i,  618. 

Hainan,  revolt  in.  iv.  1  1  1. 

A.  A..  ..Lit.,  v. 
Haii 

.     I 

.    ;tl'.  asMiiilt  on,  X.  424, 
Hair-cloth,  ix,  887. 

llak,.  .',11. 

Haki: 

Hakodai,  Qlnatntkm,  i. 

limciiUB  by, 
viii.  i 

Hall  .37. 

llal.i.  'i.  v.  350. 

Hair. 

HaK-,  H-r:,- 
Hair. 
Hal..  »•». 

Hal.'vv.  L.,  obit.,  viii. 

n  Can- 

adu.  \ 
Halii..  IT,  149;  ex- 

hibition. xx,  560. 
Halifax,  V  :..  x,  661. 

Hull,  Anufili.  •  ;  iv, 

Hall,  i 
Hall,  B.  H.. 
Hall,  ! 
Hall.  I 

Hull.  Kdwar  .  618. 

' 

Hall.  !  .  116. 

Hall,  .lamif. 

Hall,.! 

.1.  P.,obi( 

Hal  W,  Sir  Charle*,  obit.,  u,  111. 


Hall.-,    C,   1 

.   II.  \\  .. 

Hall.:.  .t..  i,  085. 

Hal »•!'!•  Kt-i-f,  ill 
llulli-tt.  John  11..  ,,l,it.,  iii. 
Ilallil.nt    n,  W.  D 
Hiilli 

.847. 
HaUl.i.  ,.894.  • 

Han, 

Haml.ri^l:t,  H»-t, : 

Hainl-nicli,  invcmi-.n,  : 
HamliurL'. 

vii. 
Haml.urL'. 

Hamerling, 

: ' 
l>"i- 

Hamiltoi;.  -138. 

Ihunilt' 
Hum. 

Hamilton,  1'.  II.. 
Ham. 

Uamiltoo,  . 

llam: 

Ham: 

Hami. 

LS9. 

Hum!  .  085. 

Hamilt    n.  ! 

Hamilton.  I 

Han.  \  ..  ohit..  ii.  • 

Hamili'  n.  \N  .  .1..  -k-  tch,  vi 

Hum  ' 

Ham 

I!a:i.: 

Hamlin.  Haiin:l>iil.  ..hit.  an-1   j.oit., 

Haramerich,  F.,  ol 

llaiiimiil.  8.   '  .  «>88. 

llamiir  .  680. 

Haiumoixl.  (..i...  ohit..  : 
Han,n."M'l.  .  .'i.  \iv,  688. 

llan.mon.l.  l»r.  I 
Hampr-oD.  Tli«ni 
HUIII]  ' 

Wad<-,   Jr.. 
Ml 

llan--".-k.  .1. .!.!i.  ••'26. 

Hanon 

IlaiH- 

v,  850;   portmi- 

of  acceptance,  ^ 

414. 

AuKWtU8«  .688. 

Handle  -\ 
Haad-onsa.  x,  614. 

K..oWt,  ii 


.  - 


n,  .1. 


IUm< 


lltu 


i-jf. 

fc«4 


li*riii.A..n    J    •   <t  «tol  .  id,  441 
lUrlr  iu* 

ll.rtr  v   .v  ,  (  *± 

.cKT^M 

DM1 

».  i*!*    * 


rich,  xiv.  6S4. 


i    . 

-      • 


»    > 


••      :    •        ..••.• 

:tT4. 

m, 

• 

414. 


**.!.••. 


awmr.  «  .  .  oL.        .        . 

It^rK 

•«..ia.  »-• 


•WkTLMI 


lluM.-'-V 
H.'.!-       ' 

' 

•lirnrti.irr 

i,,;.:'.,";::: 

nc 

-M 

ii^ir •  - 


BIO 


on,  me  C'hemiatry,  i.  84 
matic  influence  in  Colon* 
. 
Health,    <'h»ritv.    and     Lunacy, 

llrallh  I'--!..' 

llralt!  .  of.  iv,  488. 

lleah 

lirali  688. 

Ileannir,  U-»tii>ir.  iv.  508. 

Hear  Hearing,  vi,400. 

Ilramt.  (J..  obit.,  xvi.  627. 

limrt.  electrical  condition  of  the,  i, 

280;  experiments,  viii.  Ml 

remedy  for  diieaaai  ••• 
IlearthnwrT.  Improv, 
Ural.  matfiH-tic  tHjuivu:. 

from  the  htm,:. 

•he  irl<»bo.  lout  by  radiation. 

vv 

i:  ..•-••••..-.-•..  v.  '.:.. 
Heath,  exploratioi  ;32. 

Heatiiur  and  Ventilation  of  Due  11 

/  " 

Heating  of  Ho«H.TL  400. 

.  581. 

Hebrewa,  in  Egypt,  the,  ix,  19 ;  x, 

85,  86. 
Hebrew  technical  inntitute,  the,  xii, 

Hebri'de*.    New,  xi,    8G;    :.- 

.  11-. 
••drich,  oWt.,  vi,  694. 

.  648. 

581. 
Heenukcrk.  M   .<  .',94. 

v»l. 

HeJdenlain,  expert m on tA  by,  x,  694. 
649. 

H.  A.,  aket- 

Heine,  Guatave,  obit,  xi.  717. 
Hatoei  .  104. 

ur. 

Heiana.  Montana,  xiv.  149. 
Ilelftnanr..  I!  .-798. 

."..'•'...        .'',: 

HelioRrapb,  tbe  Manae,  iv,  471  ; 
M«ee  of.  In  Afghan  War 

-•     -.  ;:. 

iWJopoiia,  d*»tnic6oij  of.  ix,  600. 
r,U, 
>a.  aodety  for  the 

r,  i..|.aen,  aketch.  xill.  668. 

(KraM-r  ri%.r.  Uril- 


il.liiilx.lu.  ii.   i  >ketoh 

ana  :t4M. 

ii  M,,  nwtj  .  M  nr,  obit,  \i\.  NO. 
:»59. 

I  lioiiuia  A.,  ukrt.'li.  i. 
\,896; 
r-  DON  "i  •!<  Mh.  \.  160. 

-N.    .1.    1'.. 

Hrii!ic<|iiin.  A.  N..  «'|,i: 


Herrmann.  .>28. 

II.  rr 

bt,668;  R,tM, 


«**?**  4- 

IlHIhoffifr .  J 

iirttmann.  I> 

HellqiMrt,  Cnarie*  GuMave,  xi,  MS, 


Ilrnninirw-ii.  0.  I 
I  Inn  :,:>0. 

lli-nrirtt:i  ::U. 

llniri.im-l.  N.  !>..  <>l.ii. 
Il<-ury.  Ciil.-l.  S..  <>|.it..  ix.  607. 
I!ri»r\ 

Hi  nr\  .  .!"-<  i'li.  -krtfliaiul  jMirtmit. 
iii.' 

port.. 

ll.-iirv.  .1.  T.j  oWt,  iii.  689. 

Henry,  M«.rri«  II..  -.1,1: 

Henry.  I'uul.  «li-  i.  »•;  : 

ii.  44  ;   \i 

.  M. 
llriirv.    1'r  br,  iii. 

Il.nry.  Dr.  K.  S..  ix. 

- 

H.-i.-.  '',62. 

•_'l. 

H.-radiiic.  x.  846. 
Herat,  caj.turf  of.  vii.  4  ;  it>  impor- 

i  . 

In  t"  annex.   \.  It  :   <l<'><-ii]i- 
:  illustration.  vic-\v>  in, 
.   x.  1. 
H.-rl-crk.  .1..  ..hit.,  ii.  • 

•      :  '    -        BtfVOII,   por- 

trait. x.  U7. 

!t.    Hilary    A..    lb  '•  -!i     and 
l-ort..  xvii: 

.  388. 
IK-rl-  ; 

lhr«-ul.iiiM  de  Carvalho  c  Aranjo, 
II,  re. 

•  iand.  ix,  :J''.U,  W,;  >.. 

•;HO. 

IIi-ri-Kud.  the,  x,  4;  noureeofthe, 

Ihrkoim-r.  I!..  .\ 
Ih-nimn.  Ili-nrx  .  «.hit.. 

Ili-rrnitai^.  E  \liihi- 

tion  ;. 

Ih-n,.loM.  W.  H..ohit..  xvi.  628. 

H'-nv  xi,44. 

•-•1. 

.581. 
•  ;  x.  86. 

Herriea,  Baron,  obit.,  i,  685. 


i 

,i". 
by,  vi,  258; 

7-M.  , 

i.  685. 
I 
Heraog.  II.  .M-.  ••!• 

••{88. 

Ih-un.-rt.  K..  obit.,  i.  'J35. 


Ih-ut-rh.  ('apt.,  i\. 

.  iii.  689. 


'.   r.,m..   i.   ;•;    . 

-ul.  \.  ll'.'-l'Jl. 
ll.-witt.  K.  A..  ..hit.,  ii 
Hi  -.vitt.  .!.  II..  -.hit..  \v.  649. 
HrWM.ii.  J  .  iii.  »539. 

II.  -\  ward.  KM). 

lli!.ht-n.  K.  ' 
Hicklin.  .1..  i.hit..  ii.  - 

Ilirk- 

Hicks-Beach,  Mi.-luu-l. 

trait.  4-17:  -i,899. 

liam,  in  tt 

.Ian.  viii.  :'.!"•  ;  d.-t'rat  aipl 

"I.  viii.  :;"1  ;  >k.-t.-h.  ].-rt. 

43<):  \.  S18, 

. 

lli.l.l.-n.  \V.  K..  x,  158. 
Hidden!! 

n-la'ion.  ix,  800. 
!.'.!.  .hilili  A 

Hiuli  lici-iiM-  in  Minn. 
HiirlH-st  nioiintain.  vi. 
IlL'irins.  A.,  ol.it..  xv.  650. 

:.98. 

HiL'iiilH.thani.  (i..  ..hit.,  xviii 
Hildburghawer,  II..  ..hit.,  xi,  682. 
Hil.h-hran.l.  It..  oML,  i: 
Hil.lrhrand.  Ilrii.: 

Hildchran.:  J'.K). 

liildchrandt. 

Ilildit 

i.  628. 

Hill.  Altiv.l  J 
Hill.    Ht-njamin    II..    ( 
:    iv.   -171  :    and   i 

Hill.  Dani. 
Hill.  David  B 

11  ;  n-tioininat.  •      See 

<'onproM. 

Hill.  Krt-d.-ri.-k.  xii.  T"l. 
Hill.  • 

Hill.  John  I: 
Hill.  N: 
Hill.  .Joshua,  ohit., 

Hill.  T' 
Hillar 

Hillehrand,  K 
nillebi 

K.,  obit.,  x. 


IWIianl,  K,  oUt  ,  ni.tt*. 
llUli. 

A, 


"   .'..  ' 

• 


..  lit,  AM, 

• 


ii. i.  tool   i:  ....  .  i- 
Btefeoo*,  !:•  -  ••  .    I-    -.. 

Hobnn 

.  «1«. 
U;  *. 

KL 

A4. 

• 


i  a* 


11.4^ 


•MMr.«Ni 

•.«Mi 


.-. 


la  AfkMMA. 

*  ft  j  to  *••!—  -  — - 

a  > WvU.  ««.  •* 
•14. 
HotM^wl  k«.  lW»  10, «i 


•  • 


•  ••  • 

•' 


9. 


.•ii 

sfir 


- 


- 


INDEX. 


llouxean.    experiment 

;:.-,-.    . 


v       .- 


ten,Thom«».oUt  and  j-r  .. 

:•;«. 

Ho»e> 

anl,  c\j^l 

II..  «  *8. 

Howl.  «'  «ni.i... 

j»5a  method  of  re- 
euaeitati<  • 

Julian  campaign, 

Ilo«:.  •;<;«. 

•yw. 

sat. 

.  *ki-tch.  i.  888. 

\vitli 
port  .  48*. 

•:>o. 
i-t.  II.  W..  Ar.-tic  ex- 

-     I  7<K). 

ll-.w 
n 
on.Jol.il  - 

-y    M..    iii,   684;  obit., 

ehiel  K.,  obi:..  \x. 
Habbmi 
Hubbn- 

Hllbb; 

•  •:. 

Ilubbell.  A.  > 
Hubl-  T  ..  i.  «19. 

IIlllnT.  .1..  obit..  Jv 

linbncr.  .!.  A  i.  595. 

1  1  fib-  •;««. 

Hu«l.i:  v.  681. 

•.  Boy  Kntit«  to   i 
44W;    x,  "lS«;    explomtioi 

•  .  xi.  688. 
Hadmn,  J..  *•• 

See    Clemmer, 

M 

liadbon    River,   improvement   of, 

Httcbon  Hirer  Tunnel,  v,  680. 
Ho*,  treaty,  viii,  76»;  revolt  at, 

Hueffer,  FraneU,  sketch,  xiv,  668. 
liuelv.nier  .  the,  W,  287. 

Huirer.  Benjamin.  ..l-i:..  ii.  582. 

DrTWflHaiD,   oWrva- 

'    . 

:  v  M  to, 

,   8:  port.,  xv,.  4-.'. 
Huc-hea,  Archb^hop.  x.  562-564. 

•b-ervation»  by, 
xi,  584. 


I!    .  i..  v  K 
i         !.-..! 

i-.rtruit  i 

Ii  .,  -  . 
!!  ,.  M 
Hull 


Hull    Hi.ri-'i    itn[<rov«i, 

Hull.  I!    Ii  lit. 

Hull. 

Hull. 

Hull.  Will'. 
Hullul 

HUTU  . 
Hum! 

Hutu: 

Htiin!  •  ily,  aooeaoi' 

iii.  ; 

iii.  4.>s  ;  ahHiis-n 
nu,;. 

Iliiiiib»lilt.  A  \.593,  607. 

Hun, 

lluniis.  T.  W..  ..Lit  .  \\ii. 

lillint  II  I'..  ll"lli: 

xiii. 

Hum}'  '      \...l,it..vi 

Hunjpl 

Hum!  ,17. 

Hun/ 

•    lint    \  iii  ; 

inar- 

liil'itioti.     \.     ',  ,ilarir-t 

in".  .     \\  ii.    .',1  : 

flu-t  with  the  ^  77. 

Hunia>.  tin-,  iv.  4<Hi. 

Hunn.  Davi.l  L..  «k<tcii.  xi: 

Hunt. 

Hunt.  rh,|.  :;89. 

Hunt.  II.  .1  . 
Hunt.  Ii"imun.  r' 

Hunt.  K'ibert.  '.Lit.,  xii.  629. 

Hunt.  "-  .  640. 

Hunt.  7  ;  \ii,  101  ; 

ohit 

Hunt.  Ward,  obr 

608. 
I,  684. 

v.  iii, 
.  i". 

Himtt-r.  Mr..  ot'Curlukc.  ix.  687. 
Hun;  h.  xiv.  686. 

M.    I ..  wketch  and 
p<»rtn»it.  xi 

Hunt.-r.  William,  obit.,  xi.  684. 
HUT 
Hunt 

Huntint:T..ri.  W.  R  .  «50. 

IIuntinjTon.  N  .  139. 

Hunt.iville.  Ala.,  xiv.  I.M. 

Hun/;. 

Ilunl 

Hurlburt.  II.  H..  iritt  by.  x.  366. 

Hurl-  ..  vii, 

879;  in  IVru.  v 
HurHmt.  William  II. . obit.,  x 
Hurling,  xv.  4-Jl. 


Huron,  jiroj-ost-cl    :  i,  220. 

Huron, 

:  'i.  7; 

in  M 
Hu/ara  tri 

H\ii- 

Ifbn 

Ihatt.  oellnloid  n 
Hydrochlon  • 

iii.  ':.117. 

Hydropraphl 

l.iti' 

llv»-tt.  Wi, 
Ilyk- 

11%  |H  ! 

Hyj.n 
IlWti. 


i.689. 
l.-i-.  Artificial,  I,  I  ;  ;  «ea- 

' 

I.-.  .  il 

''  :   vi, 

Idaho. 
«ev*  •  .    viii,   485; 

II   of  (IcHfl'T 

:  rivers  an*  1 

.  • 
414;  and  map, 

xvi:.  labbit 

boiir 

'.-.]     Henry 


-...-  to 

i    ..-  • 


Vic»» 


mmiffnitiao  CongrvM,  xix.  SI  i. 

«,  ii, 
v,  7.V.;  rule*  on, 

to    Ciui».U.    v. 
ulrml 

5rt ;  .1 ;  to  Souitx-ni 

T81;  iv,  *; 

-iVu.  tt'l;  U.  Mi  »»- 
tsft;  PH 


oflkt  f$latM,ftna  oTUw 

Mpi 

InoMMUM  «!•!••  OB  Unutl.it  vi 


It'i" '"  '*    i' 

• 

I( 

44M;  ii.  ••O.W.BM 


Mi    Mbl     nt,  •        •'      • 


UM 


Mm  ta  ii,-!-   ...   >» 
• 


,     •    . 


•• 

- 


»"•    jia aiia,  ».  «M. 


•   .  i 

Irak*.    4«:    ca 


iW;  Hr.  !*<»:  v.r- 

:  <««••§  of  fta»olM0*Si 

<ia»s  n.  wir^r- 


814 


tribal  rolaiion,.. 

>;    llapttst  convent:- 

IIUIII- 

7«3; 

• 

.v."  ;  in   i  .  788; 

Turtle   MO 

India  uinese  nuzerainty 

i  jrov- 

ofr.u 

•  trappem,  of  British  Colurn- 

nibhor  niu  \,  90; 

.  14". 

i.95. 
Indigo- !,';i,-.  iv.  135. 

\\i.    814; 

Indu-:  -..h.  \i\.  T'-l. 

Industrial  ' 
. 
xii,  2.y>.     Sw  u:  rion. 

xvii,  8.">6. 
Industrial     I'lii-n.     International, 

rican, 

ii.   Ill;  new  appliance*  for   the 
tati*tica   of 

t'n  •  •<»;    manu- 

fact  -          ninccs 

IrifaUihilitx  .  »576. 

Infuntici  It-.  MI  India,  i.  400. 

• 
lutlu  137. 

i 

•HO. 

1n*Hs.  Join, 

In/rmham.  i  •  031. 

Inin; 

Ink«  nnan.  ri,-n  im.  tr 
InUid  wor 
Inlaying,  xi.  443. 

InooM,  George,  exhibition  of  works 
of.  x,  941 ;  xi.  846 ;  sketch  and 
port,,  xix,  374. 
loMne  CnminaU,  i,  597. 
la-vanity  a«  a  Defense  for  • 

lenoe  Mid  opinions  in  various 
trials,  vi.  429 ;  vi.  S81. 

mt-producintr,  viii,  538. 

ption^.  ar,  .:,«    ix, 

18;  xii.17.L-:,;  x.  07  ;   xi,  24,34. 


I    .,    -v  ,..-.     *:  *.   -  ;.  1X.  „  7. 
IlUOottvontuo  I'lui 
loaley.  ll.- 

!'.    in 

•MCH-llH  i 

,  ..Mi.-.  \  ii. 

. 
International     A; 

1  A  rl.il  rat ':• 

I 
\i\  . 

:  K\liiliiti"n,  xv,  698. 

IllNTH.  'i     ->t. 

..!'  aulhor/ 

enc«  't.  xiii,  759; 

International     M 

onc«  .aid. 

Intcrooeanic  «'anal.   iv.  :•":;  : 

50«>.      S.-c  also  1'aiiania  <  'anal. 
Inter  -  I'arliaim-ntarv    « 

xvii. 
Int.-r>tat«-  Coinni 

xi.  190;   f«,ni. 

.  •_'•_'}. 

limits  ••!' Ala-ka.  '. 
Innniiation  in  llonaii.  xiii. 
Invfiiti'.n,.  xi.  7:;^  :  xii,  650.     See 

nK-nt8,  tlnjrlish,   in    U.   8., 

Invinri 

:   coin- 

•ially  jiroduwd.  v,  89. 
lodoforin.  ix 
_".K). 

h  volume;  Gov.  Kirk- 
:i  rlii.'i- 

i,u-t'.M-!i<K.i  ..ii: 

M-  court.  41"»;   ii 
hibition.  416:  ht««rin.-»,  41.">;   vii, 

<  anal.     ii. 

-.  400;  socialist-.  t«»l  ; 
bill  torcMorc  capital  puni-liiiifiit 
pan-  <lctcii'lants 

as  witnesses,  44'°.;  inimi. 
446;  jurv  trial  ,^titu- 

tional  an  'aX-ex- 

i-nipti'in    for    tree-plantiiiL'.    iv. 

:  tramps,  516;  propom. i 
hibiti'Mi  aim •ndinent.  v.  .'{'.if, ;  viii. 
:  x,  490;  xi  ird   «.f 

•Ii    and    initniL'runt   c-oiniiii-^- 
.  396  ;  nri.H  i ,  487  ; 

driven    veils,    viii,     44»);    new 
<  'a|.it"l.  •  .'i  .li>- 

tillery  ca«e.  xii,  898;  population. 
}4"»;  jiKlic-i  .  xviii. 

4<^» :  '  at  Spirit    : 

xx;368 ;  mulct  law,  xx,  868. 
Iowa  City,  xiv,  130. 
Irazu,  volcano,  ascent  of,  x,  398. 
Ireland,  Alexan- 
Ireland,  and  the  I  <>n,  v, 


. 

IV,     i 

:,..:.  :::>.  :;»::  ;   vi.  :,:,-.  :;:,•..  ;;.;;;; 
help 

land-U-a>'  . 

l.i-h-.ps  M 

ma!  i  in-11  iin-l   01 

369;   ol,>tru.-ti..ii.    vii.  'j"t;   eo- 

n    liill-.    \  ii.    L'": 

Dillon   an.l  <>tliri>.  •_">;,;   tU-batca 
on. 
bill.    \ii.    :;<i«; ;    a>sa- 

.lli.l      I',..! 

\iii.  n  bill.   \ii. 

h    World,' 
land 

Ilii: 

in.  'iii'. rial      tr-'ii. 

tra-ina  iiiur'Icr-l  rial-. 
ta.-k  on  tf. 

l.i-hoj.U;,  .          :   iaiid- 

•ni--i-.n.  \: 
table.  :{:;•; ;  the  pian  of. MUM 

rriin 

in.   \iii.  414  ;  «-.,nditi-.ii  of 

xviii.  :i.Vs.     S. .   • 
In-laml.  din-i-torv  ot '  \\.< 
i\. 

Iri-h  Land  Hill.  \  hase, 

Iri-^li  Land  <  'oininis.-ion.  \ii. 

Iri.-li   in.-inl'crs  oi    I'arliaiiicnt,  OD- 

stru.-lioii  by.  ii. 
Irifb  National  A 
Irish  National  i 
Iron.    • 

lion  of  M;- 

L  phosphorization 

.    '•:',»;    viii. 
al»orptiou    of  nitroj, 
stat:  -.     vii.     11.'. 

ity  of.  xii, 
method   fo 

n lace, 
•  •>.-.  ix.  47. 

in  <  'ana. la.  xviii.  266;    in  Miehi- 

;.   4'.«4  :     in    MiiM 
xviii.   4'."i;    in    Alabama. 

..  nee 
nn<U-r  MVtullu: 

voltm 

Ir.nand  Sti-el.  ii.  "«cop- 

ieal    al.ai  • 

viii.  •_'!.",;    indi. 

xvii. 

In.,,  Hall.  I 
Iron    Man  i.1 

Ironton.  Ohio,  xviii.  : 
Iroquois,  studies  M'-r- 

L.  II. .  and  Smitl;.  K.  A. 

.  469. 

Irrijration.  x 
jrress.xix.  1  r.« :  in  \V. 
and  Territories,  iii.  It.  ill  :  iv, 
l.M  :  viii.  7«:  ix.  1"4  : 
576,  609;  xii,  532;  xix,  50- 


.11;  tiM*,ttl. 


U.U 

... 


4M;  wip. 


. 
'• 


- 


*<a*  i**.  »»i ,  Ita. 
7  •aiMBV    MM*  Jkdaa*. 


**&*  %fi?i*!  i 

feWB.  .«*.*.<»* 


il*. 


. 


.tur»  of,  vl,  440;  aacta 

l"i*i»  •-.  si ; 

•K] 

I     .  faai    .      .-.    .••.:.-. 
fM;U,  «M;  ri,ail;obu 

UtIIA.  <UM  «•«!»!,  lll»- 

inn 


bnwl. 

lulin     ImJrnta.    or     Im>  luaHrt 

Italian  MI.H.  \«t  . 

-,  o.n-|.!ru«-\  rt.'«.i»-t,  XT,  9; 


lUlT.  MiUiMiai.  c 

i.»f.  M     -r  .....  i  MB,  •  '•    .  .!.  •  •  •  •  • 

.•!;...        I-  -: 


ricv 


urrhaiw 

•  ..-.    •  :    "  .    ... 
«iuri» 

II 


.iniurr 

bK  : 
Ew 

of  ••• 


baf  UM 
Back  •• 

\ 


I  la- 

'. 

2a 


.I-.-. 

•    . 

'•;..: 

;    -  .    • 


*th.   4. 

CaMlatloU. 

S;'" 

pra 


»:tl,  . -ll.rr  |..*.i 

....       •  -      ; 


' 


«  '•^a, /*•<>,  I    w 

n.  k  it 

,   ui      J.dn.T.a* 


H.Hiftin.Hr«  <•,•*, 


ill;  crrktt*.  41«;  Ytota    Jam 
••irrlilfcU^    JMM 


I         **  •••  -*»^-l        • 

__,  u  i»iiaiit ao«;  «SM!-  In •!•••»  •«»> 

tatteofk«Ml^K,a1.4U;mr.  Ja«M».Wtf- 

Bull  ilini  ftBBJIaL  4M:  ilia-  J«a^«  m.  I 

f.iri    fat»M»  JIM!>.  J«U»  C«ad*B.  I 

. 


I  MM!  MU,  4a»;  yam!        ky.  <^;  aML^^TiiL 


^"SL^SS^J^JS 

t«d  8lBta«,  vrl,  aal;  U»a 

.    , 
Ham  Lake  1 


810 


INI'lA. 


Jan»on.  I'nul.  i\,  78, 
Ja]-an.  in  i*jfl»   -. 


: 


.   .    . 


M 
day  made*  b 


• 


•  •  •.     .• 


414;    effect*   of   the 
,1  an- 

in     ^ 

s 

exhibits  at    Paris.  463;    native 
edition*  ot  tin-  Hi  Me.   4«'. 

ire     ami  n,     i\. 

6»: 

Loochoo   1 

defiance   of  quarantine  reffula- 
tions,   bv   tli.-    Kr.t  -h    m 
680;    education,    v.    41-.':     vii, 
411  ;  x.  -r>o>;  xi.  4;.'.<;  in.; 
enterprises,  v. 
in  Fusau,  Corea,  Gensan 
,    -     ..     .      :  <     •    .-   •     ..--.  .  ;...; 
Mxaal  and  political  chant."- 
468;  tin-  Daimioaand  Samurais. 

tern,  464;    marbles,  466;    vol- 
canoes   and     earthquakes. 
440;    ffeoWy.     climate,     flora, 

tion    with     Knclish 
treaty.  441.  44. 

•v     with     <'on-a.     viii. 
:     I'ruAftian     administration. 

cabinet   v  nation 

i-.lution  ot   Liberal 

Bjrtri 

religioun  feolerat 

ofthelaatT\c'»on.4H«:  im: 

meats  in  the 

people,  x.  507,  608;  art  in-lus- 

trica,  60f; 

610  :  -<and  laborers  TO 

convention  with  I'liit^l    - 

Ml ;  purchase  of  iron-clad*.  M  1  : 

ra.Ml  ;  x: 
Btates,  xi,  466;  nahion  nn<l  in- 

.       •     r      ..-••.. 

7 :  lit<T»ture  and 
.  • 

ial    marine.   468:    xii.    4"j ; 
fcaMofnewrico.  xi.  i 
tr>'  -.tin.   educa- 

i.  a;«Ji:  »»olt- 

makirii;  in.  \\iii.  417;  orjranbed 
charity,  417. 

JapaTK-w.      »---inl      and     politir^il 

chancTfi  •  tnoln  naed 

:    Vmth.  illustra- 

.'5;    bronze*,   ill 

Jar,  found  at  I/Arjrar.  xii.  28. 


...    -    .1         -,,',.      N      ;.    .'.I.'. 

.  i68. 
\  iiniral.    iv,  886; 


Java. 

\:IL'<-  <-r.  iv.  417 ; 

:     in:i|> 
Jeddo  t\mn> 

>r.  John,  ol.it..  i.  619. 

• 

.f«-li:tlioir.  trial  iif.  vi,  79«,  797. 
.l.-liiH-k.  Karl.  ..Lit.,  i. 

I,  .l.-lin  II.,  >k.'idi,  xiii,  664. 
iiii>.  tin-. 

.IcTikin.  Klc«  iniiiL'.  iu\  t-nti'-n,  viii, 

.f«-nki'  iiivi-iitinn.  5i.  4'.'7. 

.Ii-nki-         .  it.    aii'l 

port.,  xviii. 

.!(  nkins.  Timothy,  ol.it..  i.  «19. 
.l.-nk^.  F.  II..  sk.Vh.  xiii.  • 
Jennii 
Jeonii 
Jenson.  explorations  by,  iii,  858; 

5x.  .*i48. 
.U-qu'.riiv, .  i\.  -_'T1. 

1  ,vi<l  H.,  v. 
.!<-r<>rm-,  L.  H..  »'l>it.,  xiii,  640. 

\V..  ..Lit.. 
J«-rn»|.;  '..  i\.  «J17. 

«  "'.-••  .  N.  .1..  •.:.  171  ;  \vaf»-r. 

.'••in.    Aqi; 
wall> 

v.  60. 

M.  invej«tii:ati"fi-.  viii.  636. 

tin-:1  '         rn:ill\  . 

' 

\ii.  7<>8;  estates  c 
riU, 

b,  v.  418. 
"•88. 

142. 

:.    Mar.hall. 

-11,  ol.it..  ii,  582. 
Jew-flsh,  xii,  766. 
Jewitt. 

ia.  ii, 

in  Morocco,  v,  644,  644;  anti- 
Semite  n. 

640;  afritation  ncrain.-t.  in  Hun- 
gary, vi.  4f<:'>;  viii.  4^:  ntimljcrs 
of,  and  persecutions  in  Germany 


nn.l 

ini. i  .  :  oiitraffea 

ital     "t.     in 

•  :   Kaliliini- 

don, 

it,  !•;. 

.lidd:.' 

:r   III.   I'a!- 

.  558. 

' '    , 

.li>lihin>..  K.  II..  i 
.'••ha  i 
.'"hatnii-. 

Johan 

l.y.  i: 

2,  8 ; 

I  :  xii.  1. 

John  (iilpin.  the.  cHtnnitiniri.  illus- 
tration, ix.  1 17. 
J'.hniU-.  x.  US. 
J«.lnt>.  J.-hn.  «i!.it.,  i. 

ll'M'kin-     I'nivi-i^ity,    ad- 
mi  i  '»08. 
.I<«hii>"H.  A.  I... 

ii.  Al.rain.  -krt.-h.  vi. 
Johns.. n.  A.  B.,  oliit..  iii.  8 
.'ohn.-oii,  Ali'-f.  <.li-rrvatio! 

viii, 

Johnson.  Alvin  J..  ol.it..  i\. 
Jo!m-"n.  An«!n-\v.  Souiln-n. 

John-on.  H..  ,.],  • 
Johnson.  Barton  v 

;.  558. 

Join 

\.  616. 

Johns  i:.  II.  \'..  akotoh,  v. 
Johnson.   J.    ('..    nominal*-'!. 

i.  xiv,  686. 
John?-   • 

•ii.  K'"^!:r 

Johnson.  B.  \N  .. 

Jo|)!.  ''36. 

D  i«»nr- 

n.  II.  II.. 

558. 

:7rt. 
-kct<-h.  xii' 

toc-k  companies,  new  Con- 
necti'-ut  law  OO.  v. 
manv.  ix,  '; 


141. 
JOCK*'.  Jm«|»h  8.,  «.Mi..  II.  Mt 

V4. 

u»uiiiMt»l. 
«o». 

William  l: 

ro|H,,«l    to  flood, 

. 

l;     -.  .     v.     s      x    ;!    u 

• 

1*1. 

\      -   , 


sa>;  HL  Ml;s,  IN 

. 

ItMOlbklKV    tu    OH-    • 

aril,  ^ul 


' 

'tkia.   dUpntod.    of   OfMr 
JoriHrMMtt. 


SAL 

'riiuiual    Juri»«lU-t: 


• 

•• 

.  U; 

..iKnacmln- 

tlTVv. 
Kahn* 

KniU- 

Kmberffckl,  M  .  vii.  4». 

KakarTnt- 

KaUkn 

• . 
ill. 

kr,  60001,  alwfcfc,  %i.  443; 
«s  labor  d  U«,  i.  «*.«•; 


"••"••• 

i-.i       •     " 
" 


-  ig* "ij—jjh  *"*> , 

- 

ssz.»  HP  ii.Hiiu'*' 


BSfcfe, 

^•"^MU 


T4 


' 


•  ;  i*k  1 1:4 

,  '.  .  ;  s 

• 


M% 

-.    ,  .      -    • 


Kana»ha   Kivcr, 


of, 


JOhlk 


\ 

-  ilar.  in  KntfUin.l.i.8M; 


i, «. 

Kallkakcr. 

Kattkat 

Kan*. 

,-r   land,   > 

.!.     .,  „    »::  .  '•  MI    I    •  • 
anftaa.    Ui.    4*»,    Mk  l 

1 
i^   JIT: 


-ha  iaai    t 


ovMrMB     * 


«.  AU:  Okh 


|a«M 

••75k  Cm 

STK  -7:  «v 


818 


INM:.\. 


K. 


.  .:.  .    \ 

N  and  Austria.  * 

K.-im.'TJ:.--!     r.   ..':•        :        ' 

K.kul,.  ::.    rv  •  •    , 

S89. 

K.li.r.  ...    m     xv      H 

K !'.    !  '      -         • 

KelUj.  W.  D  .66*. 

Krllinc,  ri,  J91. 

K. 

K.        .-  •     !  '      .-!.   !!        -  •.-•...  '      '• 

KtlkgH,  Stephen  \- 

KelCS,   WOta 

Kelly,  Eugene,  obit,,  xix,  688. 

Kcllv 

William.  »l 
.Jnmo*.!..  f. 

K,    •       '!       •:..-.  •  :    !.:.'•:• 

„'.  ail- tun 
Krmble,    Frances    A.,    obit.    mi. I 

KMMO.Man  .1..  ol.it. .xii.  898. 

Kemper,  I.  de  B..  obit.,  i,  686. 
Kemper.  *    I...  obit.,  u, 

:.r>4. 

and   port., 
XX, 

Kendri-k.  II.  1...  ..'.it..  xvi.  682. 
Kendrirk.  .1.  I:..  ..Lit..  xi\,  «537. 

Ken!.  '538. 

».it..  xviii.  568. 
Kenna  n.  xiii.  1-".. 

Kennei      I'..  II..  .^k.-i.-j,.  xix 
Kenneth.  Huirh.  sk.-trh.  xiii. 

,  I1.*. 

Kenn.  '.  >n  i«y.  \i. 

Kennedy,  W   II  .584. 

• 

Kdward,  obit.,  ii,  688. 

Ki-ntuckv.  in  t-nt-li  vol 
in.  i  :  viii. 

r.-i^t^ation   act 
1.   i,  488;   reaouroes,  <reo- 
logical  sin 

River,  ii.  4-.'l  :  ^trik<•  aii<i 
4-jl  :  iii.  ;  nator, 

ii.  4i2;  i«ix  pc-r  t  in- 

•    -    -•       .      •     ..     :i.  ;-.-:   bOI   (Of 
re-ertabliahroent    ••!    tl«-   «hi|- 
pinif-pnut,  469 ;  mot 
C.  Brcckinri<li:e.    470;    act   on 
concealed  weai-  •>{>  of 


•  \tnulition  caae  in 

i v.  689 ;  contract  syatetn .  \ : 

>41 ;  aifrictilturai 
oollefre  foutulfl.  v.  4-j-j;  exdu- 

•    ••-.;_•;:'.-.•' 

voter*,  vii.  4M  :   prrmecution  ot 
lotterr  adveiti^rs.  v,  426 ;  regu- 
lator*.  4-:, :    Itnrhinir  attemj.t. 
-rn    exp^ 
•nininjf.  x. 

•cbool.    x  .;,cco    and 

liquor*.  4«7  ;  atrocjticn  in  Rowan 
County,  xii.  4lo.  411;  popula- 
tion. ;:  r-n-ti- 
tutional    convention,    xv, 
405:  the  new  or.n>titi, 


.   878:     lotM  \\iii. 

Kephir,  fermented  milk 

Kr|  •!-!.  "-H4. 

:  :  xii.  l. 
Kt-ri.Kv.  C.>iiiit  «1.  ''.:>6. 

Kermadeo  i»l:ni<l>.  inn 
by  Great  Britain,  xi,  60. 

•  .  Knnici-. 

::. 

«i:iii- 
••»  ;    illu>tr:.' 

K«-rr.  Mi.-luir!  C.,  >ki-t<-li.  i.  441. 

.1.  B..  ..liit..  xix. 
in,  \.36. 
Ki-telt;.-  obit.  i.  619. 

l\.  \ .  - 

h,  ii,  4». 

Key  Wc>t.  illu>truti'in.  i.800. 
K«-\  h«.!r.  Intiiinoii!-.  \\ ; 

;:t:iiin.  xi.  .'i47. 

Or.  '.\.  T..  Ii 

Kliafra.  p>  nuiii.i  ••!'.  i\.  -Jl. 
Khalimn-Mo-Said,  obit,  \v.  n-i. 
Khniiii-.  <  l;i«  f.  x.  88. 
Klutniit 'Kh«-l:it.iU-|.«»snl.  xviii.  l"l. 
Kluirt'iuin.  x.  :i<»'.».  ::>  :  full  <>r.  ix. 

•:  xi.  :;!«': 
..t.  \iii.  H 
Kin-. live,    jirivutf    <U-bt    of  tJir.    i. 

inquiry,  iii. 
Kbemnii  IM-CP-I.'.!!^.  ti 

Klicta.  tlic.  «T  Hii 

Kliivii.  Ku»ian  proH-rtnrutr. 

Khoja-Salf! 

Khokan,  utin«-.\<-«l  t<>  I: 

77' 

KlioruHKan,  |>eoplc  of.   in   la 
...ti«.n  to  i; 

Kliotan    Uivi-r,  «-x].lorutioii  of  tin-. 

Khuftuitcn.  palace  of,  xvii.  13. 
.  .1..  invention  )>\ .  iii. 

Ki.l.ll.-.  II..  ol.it.. 
Ki<-l.  naval  elation  at.  ii. 
K5«-l.  Fric.lii.-li.  ol 
Ki«-rulf.  in  7-M. 

!\.  I..  obHcrvationa  by, 

.lifturluincoat  tl.c  I'liivcreitv 

.  711. 

Kilauea,  Mount,  eruption,  i 
KilintaiHljar'..  Mount. 

Kilpatrirk.  lien.     Sec  iVru.  Chili, 

Kimluill.  <  '•.W. 

Kiiiiliall.  Kuu'i-ii«-.  oj.it..  vii.  689. 
Kimlmll.  II    : 
Kim luill,  Mows,  o)iit.,  xx.  . 
Kimball.   K.   H..  ohit.   and  port., 

xvii. 

KimU-rley,  Karl 
KimWh-y.  South  AfV 
Kina-balii  I.ak*-.  xii.  .".!•_'. 
Kinderjfart.  «•,  aid 


\\.ir' 
Kin.i  ii.  i.  -ill. 

\  .    m\« -ntionx    |,\.    iii, 

Kint:. 

.l-Lii  II..  -4..  i<  !.. 

'.II. 

i;    II..  ob  • 

!:i.-|,anl.  i.  •  «>86. 

Kutii-.  ..hit.,  i.  .;]-.«. 
Kiii^r  K 

'iiani- 

Kinir  Willian,'-  I 

i  .  .1.  M..  .  i.  t  . 
k.  .  A.   \\ 

1     .oi.it..  iii.  • 

ten,  i .  ill. 

•••n.  <  'aliau. 
xv.  184. 
Kindlon.  N 
Kinipplc.  W     ; 
Kinloch.  Kli/.a,  oJ.it..  xi 
Kinlo.-h.  K.  A.,  ohit..  x\i.  (538. 
Kinii. 

Kiniicy.  i-xj'lomtioiis  l>y.  iv.  400. 

Kinn. 

Kin 

lla,  T.'.  ol.it..  ix.  608. 
Kip.  W.  I.,  ol.it..  xviii. 
Kirlix.  T5moth\.  ..hit..  I 
Kirchhoff,  G 

>ki't«-h  and  portrait,  .xii.  41:.'. 
Kirkl.rid.-. 

Kirkliam.  Ii.  W..  obit., 
Kirkland,  .lo~,  j.i 
Kirkland.  e--!.<  in' 
Kirk\v 
Kirkv 

ol.it    . 

KirciH-r.  L..  ol.it..  i.  - 
Kinvan.  I».  .1..  ol.it..  i. 

' 
Kit«-|]  x,  689. 

K..  obit, 

Kil<-hcncr.  I.icut  . 
tine.   ii.  :;•_•:. :  x.  819, 

ii.  II..  \i. 

.   l.V,. 

Klaj  "'96. 

Kh  l».  expt-nnu-nt.-.  i\  . 
Kit-in.  I>r.. 
Klein.  .In1,' 
Klein, 

Klein. 

Kleist 

Kli-n/e.  II.  von.  ol.it..  xvii. 
Klink«-ifn>s.  W..  ohiv 

" 
KluUbak,  11.  N\ 

KIIHU-.  Ludxvijf. 

. 
and.  .1.  t  .. 

C.,  ohit.,  xvii.  . 


8it 


KnJfbU  of  Industry ,  ivll.  S74. 
Koftbto   of  Ubor,   «,  At«; 

lakh! 


IM   4  I 

;•    .k.M 

!•>  k  ..','        ,   •'    •      •   \ 

•i?<v 


viil.  11-. 


K.-  •      !. 

«T. 
Kro~.  • 

r.  !     I 


K    •••.••...,• 

Kfthnv,  ntagrfatinw.  viil.  «si 

KulVeogMMMOl  «l,  i.  7s*. 

•••.  iv. 


i  .      -  '• 

. 

*»;   la  lVfcfe.%1****.  4. 


Iv.  141. 

ilmhby.ril, 

- 

I 


•afe.  P..  •**..!• 


*i». 


•vLlM, 


BMMfM*     •  •     x.         i 

JTnrri  WaOTanhaim.  Baroo,  Iv,  60. 

K    •- 

-..  119; 

Koarath.  LoiiU,  sketch  and  port., 

:. 

US. 
••^7. 

••«. 
Krakat 


K          ..,        .-•          . 

«U. 

r.  U,  ISC 

itUL 


. 

Krmi- 

tnd 


Kmtoehaei 

Kru 
Kmu 

Kn-m'. 

Kn-ni'-.i  r.  M  mi  .».  ••  '  '        '  ' 

••••.»  :  rtw^n  for  ab- 


, 
Krieo,  cxpcriuwtr 


I        •    •       ! 


-*«•••«  www.  »j»  . 

U»  r 


UMHT.L.  g   «    . 


«C  OrtaMa, 


, 

N' 
|tf; 

StrUm.l,Ǥ;ii,4*1.4*. 


8*0 


• 

\V 


1^.11  U- 

..  .     1 


quart  ion, 

I    • 


-ilia.  x.71. 

IJUH!  Uraiit  Railroad*,  xil,  80*. 
Ijuul-lirmnu.   in  Onv 

old, 

to  railroa 

(irant  Railroada. 


Un.i.  i.642. 

Landl  • 

I  jndifik'  Ma-.-.  a  novel,  xiv.  292. 
Land  Law*,  in  Denmark,  vi.  _'il  : 

in   I  .ii.  441  ;  in 

tb    Walt-. 

Britain.    \. 

:  in   Iirlan<i.  .'>-'.*•;    in 
land.  .V.'T  :  in    Australia.    i 
59;  in  Bengal,  x,  8.  ; 
BOM.  •;:•:    in    fnit.-d 

See 

Land  Tenure. 
Land  Leajme,  arrest  of  leadt  : 

viii.  41:::  I 
I  ...ii'  i  Kn_Ti>h  law 

Land-owner  mini-trv.  t)it-.  it 
mark.  x.  290. 

Land  R«  form,  in  (irvat   Bri'. 
MM  ;  - 


Landaboroui.')..  W..  ,,l,it..  \i 
Land-  •..  iv,  700. 


r.  Sir  K-lwin.  xi.  345. 
Landaeer,  Thonuu*.  obit.,  v,  600. 
Lands,  laws  on  mineral,  N 

.-'71: 

i.  v  -  -7:  •,  ..  '.'•••:  wii.74.;; 
in  Mexico,  x,  590:  all-v-.l  titl- 
frauds  in  Wot  Virginia,  vii. 
885;  unlawful  <>  •  }>ul>- 

• 

dians,  xii,  205  ;  meamirea  to  re- 
M   the 
territoriea.  to  A 

Land  ayatem,  Torreos.  \ 


Land-tax,  equali/  he,  in 

IUlr7«,45a. 


\     .-    •    ..  x  v.    :-. 
••'.••    \.-74. 

Lane.'  .11. 

Lane,  Kd« 

Lane,  1! 

iMie.  JamwC..  -  .642. 

I    •      •  ;  I,.  \i.  ;::, 

Lane-Fox  i 


-,<H. 
r.  1 

I     '  '       .  \  v.  -...-. 

LanL  ,79. 

Lanj^nhcx-k.  I'..  -;:J2. 

Langer,  Kar 


I  .at  tie  WICK,  Marvin.  ODII.,  xii,  oo*. 
Lang  Kep,  battlr  a' 

44. 

i44. 

LanghtP>tli.  I.    I...  ..Lit..  x\,  :.80. 
age  qucntion.  tlx 

I     II  Illl 

I 

1     :ili<l    ]>oi1., 

aketch,    with    l«>rtrait.  vii. 

Lan.-i- 

lion.  :.  ll'J. 

.  646. 

La  IVP'U- 

Laphani,   KlIirUL't-  <i..  ^k^•t«•l^  vi. 

648; 
Laj.ha.n,  \V.  B..  ol.it..  xix.  586. 

i.  i\,  848. 

' 

liar. 

'  >} 'it.     aiitl 
. 

L* Aruar.  dj  '.  xii,  28. 

Largeau,  explorations.   . 

!'.  «   ..  -k<  ?. -h.  ;.   llii. 
Larkin.  oLsi-rvation-.  \ 


La  K.-  t..  i.  687. 

Larn-ni..ii.  Ii.  I..,  «.i-it..  \\  I 

I  iii.  1 1:5. 
J/Ai:  «•    railway,   illus- 

trutii.n.  \i. 
Larvnx,  intul»ati-.n  -;.  i\.  748;  X, 

irdinal,  death  ••!. 
189. 

Lu.-*/ird.  i.\.  *>:  illu-tral 

.< -lit  «f.  viii. 

in  < 
Laiwul 

Last* 

..  t.-!i.  xiii.  664. 
\\ii.  89. 

IJIUIIHY.  <'«»unt.  ."«96. 

I^aunci 

.  (!88. 

I^ai^  ii.  i.  443. 

Laurie.  A.  I'.,  ril,  11". 
Lautl 

I^auzarint*.  . 'Usael,  Che- 

Laval.  I'll!-. 

I^av«  .  \\i.  676. 


Laveau. 

.III.    II.    U      II,. 

•uti.,ii:il.    I 
Arl'itiati.'n.  viii, 

\l»ni    raM->.     il.i.l .  ;      I 

gm»H    in 

PI-M^M  la, 

•  tijti..nal.  *\. 

:.«4. 

I 

' 

iTi. 

\ii.  7-JI. 

"«95. 

.  vii.  71:,. 
York.   iii.  •<      i    \  .  r- 

mool 
Michigan^ 

. 

vii. 

.  688. 

Law >«'H.  Sir  \\'ilf 
Law.-uit.-  a^aili^t  i 

.  650. 

ii\«-nti..ii  l.v.  ii.  719. 

'  »    !..  0  >i-  . 

•  •lilt.  an<l  iMTt.. 

..-k.  TbooM 

LmaOtia,  Kinina.  ol.it..  .xii.  414. 
\il.crt,  olm..  \\  i. 

Lead  aixl  .-ilvrr  |«n>o« 

>"i>.,nin^.  iv,  4  :  viii. 
K.I 

•f,  in   jin-li!-- 

:    \\iii.   484. 
.!-.o  uii'lcr  .Y 

!--iwtlnif,i\  . 
vi.  1 : 

l.i-ak.  . 
I^-jin-, 

n. 

\.  F..  obit, 
Lease.  Mr-..  :m<l  • 

iiwirtli.  Kl  .  "Lit., 


tmwsrttoa  «f.  xx.  Ill 

i      • 


-  • 

• 

I    .    I.    -t       -.!„•*.  ..«.:• 

i, ,...„..„.,  r- ..........  i     .. 

•4*. 

1 4   kM_M*  m  •!•!   J        •!•!••  *-  —  _ 

1    •   •    : 

•  <ii,  §W4  ;  ruHrffl. 
c»li.«t  of 

LtoXi  ^i:«My«A- 

• 


Lml 


r«Ny.»**e< 


•    ' 

..,,  i ..  •«    di   Mi 


L.  XX.  Mt. 


1  : 

>i;  11 


... 

I  At 


- 


>.  ess. 


I      ..    •'     •      !  .     •       .     "'      v 

lM*dpUn« 

'.^4. 

1  ..--.-.     -  .'         '.          ••  .    •     ' 

Lrirl-Utivc,  Kxtcutire,  and  Jodi- 
.XM- 

:  ' 

.  :     • 

billt  «W; 


,  174.          Uprt-y, 


B.  L..  obli.. 


«lii.«w. 

LwJte,  Frank 

44. 
Ix».]tK-rrm,  1^. 


Ub« 

41T;  »%ii* 

UUm .  M. i  J  v  ti.  »9  4««. 
LihrarwiM,  cmaviattai  «C  u.  4T^ 
•H^pLbim^ 

»**.  Wtl  !>•• 


Mt, 


xiv.4M. 

Ut^iwr  J.  si.  JM,  L. 


LcWv.  J..  -hit.  u 

1..-L-H...I.    s;r     riwfol     k,     x 

Kit^vnikl.  Duke 


:    ••    - 


.V«UW.Art.-»-.i.  4*4 

. 

*  •  ^5"_ii  .        t  ii_I 

r.  line  pmrw*  of.  ril,  UO.      MUM 


'  .      - 

..  -•  .t 

p..  obit.,  ii.  ««. 
-W. 

.  ^k.r,!.        M 


SKp'^Si 

w9WOC|f^  ^^H^^  ^^^B»%  »*•  ^^B^ 


JA8U. 

XI.  444. 
J« 


I      •    •     W. 


Lfobcnuatm.  invention,  viii.  445. 
apriaOfHMOl 

•  «t»,  »te«m,  xx.  «M. 

v.  I  intf.lStattti 

•  :.  .1    T.  .  664. 

•        tin1 
-trttea,  v,  4*';   i! 

!:iin.H,k.  illiMni- 
i:..ck»«.  illu*- 
tmti 

land  and-  ..illuMra 

• 
ara<rua.  6*3. 

house,    steam-tender,    illus- 
t  rat  ion.  v.  458. 

Lik'htnin*.  effect*  of.  on  *pecies  of 

tree*,  i.  250;  AnuroV  clansifica- 

<-  balls, 

.     irloVmlar.  lit    of 

flahl..  iltioiw  of  danger 

.  illu-truti'" 

601. 
I  /i-  II  tint:-  Chang,  x,  29.  174;  xviii. 

.1.  or  Hikwa.  Lake,  v,  297. 
Lili.-n  .580. 

Lima,  earthquake  at.  i\ 
Lima.  Ohio.  xvi.  l.v.t. 
Litnairac.  J.  dc.  <>l,it..  i,  638. 

1.  ••.,:•..!:_'.    KT,     KM. 

Limn.  i'.aron. 

In,   Ahraha: 

:    li  inrtitOM 
and  nun!  ;56.- 

.  vii,  639. 

Neb.,   xiii.    106;    water, 
xix. 

T.,  Kkftch    and 
portrait,  vii,  808. 
in,  Roman  relio 
.n.  T.  B..' 
Bertha.  ix,  865. 

I.iM.lKUd,  A.  K..  obit.,  iii,  658. 
Linderman,  H.  R.,  sketch,  iv,  543. 
Lind-  'ration   b*, 

.811. 

Lindaay,  J.  W.  8..  obit,  U,  605. 
Lind«ay  ,  TbooiM  NM  obit,  ii,  584. 

.-  •,-..  :-,.•  ...: 

juide.  flj»hii  71". 

Linen,  (M-or/e.  nkctch.  xiii.  643. 
Dnaly,  .Tan 
Lippe.  A<l»lph.  )• 

Lippitt.  II..  i.  :•-:  obit 
Lij'I-inan.  cxpt-nn)«  nt«.  viii.  111. 
y.  A.  B.,  invent: 


iuUon  law,  in  Egy\*,  U,  «85, 

-.:.  .-..'•;    XM.    :.••.;    v\iii.    '.IV  : 
iurit\.  \\. 

Ohio.   xii.   ••!     :  n  niul 

' 

.ti»n. 

i,665. 
.444. 

. 

,16. 

bit,  ami  |»»rt..  \i,  478. 
v.  638. 

• 

;  t". 

I'.riti.-h.  and 

iticntal,    ii.  .nine; 

.MI-M-.     in     l^'.M. 
•.isli-AiiH'riran.in  I'-M.  .\\  iii. 

.ithiuin.  <i  :.  iv.  41'.'. 

/ith«'l' 

.ithotritv.  vii 

.itoltl'.  ll..  ol.it..  xvi,  676. 

.ittlr.  •' 

'- 

Littl«-fi»-ld.    Alfn-.l    11.. 

•  •hit.,  xviii. 

LittU-flHil.J).  M..  obit.,  xvi. 
Littk-john.    1>,-\V.  <  ..   ..i.it..  \vii. 

.-,:,.;. 

I.itt!  :'J5. 

Littli-  -v    of   nipitol    at. 

Littrow.  K.  L.  v..n.  ol.it..  ii.  605. 

.    o]^mtion>    ,.n.    viii.    7"-l  ; 
IHTVCS  in  tin-,  i    . 

:i    l>\ 
7,98. 


Liquefaction  of  Gam*,  ix,  434. 


Livr-'1  7">1. 

Li-Yi.-  r    Li-  YUM- 

.  :  »::. 

lyn  Park,  N.  .!.,  xviii. 
..  <'.,ix.  •_"•:  . 

Loan  associations,  xiii. 

Lol.l.yillL',   il:    '  .   -1-1. 

Locu-goYernmem  act.  xiii.  I 
Local  option.  See  articles  on  States. 

id  K..  hketch,  xiii,  643. 
Locke,  J.  II..  obit.,  xvii.  556. 
lx>cker-LampM>n. 

Lockroy,  M.,  xi,  854. 
Lockwood,  ('ape,  ix,  85. 
Lock  wood,  diaooverv  t.v.  ii.  325. 
Lockwood,  F.  F.,  obit.,  i.  620. 
Lockwood,  8.,  obit.,  xviii,  660. 
Lockwood,  Samuel,  obit.,  xix,  586. 

v.i8. 

Locomotive,  first,  built  in  Am.  r- 

ica,  ace   Cooper,   i.   -'U;    com- 

prawed-air.  1,47-;  illustratioDS, 

,th  duplex 

•Irivinjr-whcclR,   vi,   511;    I-'-n- 
taine,  illustration,   vi,  511  : 


. 

xxiii. 

Loew,  dUcm. TV  l.\ .  \ 

76. 

\,58. 

•••h,  v, 

:    --''it.  and  steel 

.  iv 

S3& 

i..  iii,  658. 

N  i  liar.-. 

Weatmln* 

Towi-r,  ::<'.l :  Buckingham  i 

Lon.l'-n.  Canada,  xv,  186. 

''••Si. 

..hit.,  xvi,  676. 
.  .l.-hn  !».. 

568. 
ll.iw.     ll.nrv     \Vji.K 

I.on.'iiian.  William,  ol.it.,  ii. 
l.'-nlay.  I)ick  <K-.  ol.it.,  xviii. 

.•olli-cti-.n  <'l  |.i<  • 
Loochoo  Nand-.  i  'liina 

and  .Ijij.au.  iv.   1  17. 
I.'".k  Tin  - 

I.oon    . 

I.'M.mis.  K.,  .  .;3Q. 

I.oon  ! 

Loop.  II.  A.,  obit., 

:    « 'oinillas, 
obit.,  viii. 
lx>pc-/. 

Lord,  .l"li!;. 
l.-.r.l.  >anm«-l.  -I 

/.<.!..  .    -l.it., 

.  597. 
Lorilla:  \.891. 

Lorin. 

ol.it.  and  jx.rtrait.  xi,  506. 

-k.-t-li.    ii, 
456;  att.-rnpt  on  lif,..  v.  •;.;:. 

cnil  of  Canada,  iii.  1  /. 
Lor.pi.-:.  L.  M.  1' 

Los  An^cle«, Cul.,xi,  17 

Lothrop,  Daniel,  ol.jt.. 
Lothrqp,  Samuel  1 

itucky,    v. 
xviii,  4-J5;  State  and*  private,  in 


•«  Mexico,  x. 


obil*(  Wii,  MT. 

%i, 


^A  Ml  pod    nri,4J 

jralilbn,^   A~ifa»i 

J^tluu.iWaii.  44A;  fed* 

'. 


* 

*«,    «*;  MM  Ml  UK  «3rtL  «! 


. 


LOM>»,  •!.  S7». 

, 


-  :      •  . 
I       •    ' 


o*- 


UliMratioiu.  Mta  at,  i,  439; 

1 

in.'      v  ..:,     i        ;      v     '     -.     v    \ 

1  .    - .   '         .      .     '     .     ".    • 

I 

l.ovi-n.  SM-II,  ..».«t  .  \\.  (1  . 

Low.  .1 

Lowder,  oh»rvmtion»  by.  vii.  59. 


479. 
nuon  by.  U.  717. 


41S. 
.  of  Hc»c, 


I.ukjati"ii.    lir.,  experimtat*   by, 

titftao, 

1    .•!.-• '.-  '  .  **.i  I'-  ' :    r .   .  \.  •   .    >      t 

«7«. 

!     •    .-       ..-.      ...-.        . 
I. 


JJJSl     '  ^^*      U^ 

i    A«^^ 

•*MV  at  lO.  Ml. 


L,** 


1.  7  MbiAtf  in  Obio,  Ka.«HL 

: 


. 


.        . 


• 

.yafli 
tornp*  a«  iW 

';  i    Igi  v, 

•Mdl  MKl  fan 


:rrc 
• 

Ti 


-..    v.        ...,..:        ' 

' 

.iU.tTitt.Ml. 
UfiBi  D.  >  r  -  • 

LBra» 

.'V         „   J 

»  •  rw.«  «M*W"»f7  I^^  •*,  »*• 


«  of  UM  "  ti«l«*h«r«  mW,"  t. 

•         r    •       -:..    .      -  :     I  • 


•W;k«i; 


v  .   .  , 


"51. 

' 

\:  .'     \  ......  -,..;.  h 

V      I'  ,./<..'•'•.!.,  \i\  .  '•«   . 

Ml--..      .    .       •  ;  :.     1     .     i\.        '». 

Obit.  aii.l  l-ofl..  xvi.  689. 
V  .        .'     M   .  .     •  :   .  :.  -    '. 

,,rt.-h. 
»74. 

MeDni::..  I.  W.  J.,  obit.,  Iii. 

• 

UcDoHrll.   In  in,  x.  .r>57  d  *q. ; 

lOt. 
• 
Mace.1     M.  U.  d 

' 

Macedonian     question,    the,    xiii. 

.  xiii.  ft44. 
.l...M-pli.  .il.it..  i.  f.-Jl. 

•  ;  ' 
Maefarhinr.  Robert,  obi 

M        :..-       ••.-...       sit  Son*    ••!.     :. 

•'.58. 

•  ml  inn.    VA 

:in.  J..  fil.it..  xvi,  640. 

sat. 

D.  fi.it..  ii,  584. 

-,:..-    M    «...  :... 

•  r.  .  ii.  :••••. 

•      I'    ....'     !,s-...     .'... 

i.n     II.  l»  .  «i&8. 


%h.  W.  C.,  x.  47,  «W. 
Mackay.  A.  M..  ..Kit.,  xv,  68S. 
MoKav.  •     K..  sketch,  xiv.  A89. 
. 

Maek»3 
" 
MeKeoom).  Alexander,  x 


McKrnnai) 

V   .     .    li/  .  .     \    .   .   •   .!    .    x-    ..       -. 


• 

M 

.  - 

McKi'-n.  .1..  <>l,it 
Mackvv.  (  <  nxil   .. 

MrKinlry  l.ill.  tin-,  xv.  -.'••:,  ,- 

Mio-hiv.  Ni.-lK.ln.-*  «!«•  M..  \ii 

i.090. 

men  II..  .-I,  it..  \i.  690. 
•;.  .li.lni.  •  Lit..  \ 
ii.  W.  .  ..l.ir. 

1  89. 

McLL 

iii.  71  v 

.M.-l.-.UL'liliii.  I.««i.i- 

-l.it..  \\iii. 

ihon.  Marit-  K.  I'.  M..' 

\.-tcli  :n,.|  |.<,rt..  xviii. 

K-nt.  <.n  i-;r 

ii.  .'{<»8,  310:   on  prHl..!!^',,,^   |,JK 
tt-nun-  «>t'  fiilin-.  ::\«:  «\>\  • 

•i  Hi  of.   iii. 
::::-:  iv. 
M.-M:iini-.  .1.  T..  -Lit..  x\.  BM. 

lam<  -  D.,obit., 
.  W..  ol.it..  xviii. 
Mi-Mullen.  .1..  ol.it..  vii 

M.I.-MIHIII.  '  •  inn-Hi-  i"\  . 

Mc.Mi, 
'••17. 

V.  H..  ..Lit. 
J..I..  ol,it. 
.  tiial  «.t.  i- 

iii,  •_'!. 
•.in.  .l"hn.  ,,l,it.. 

1-  r:in«'i-.  ol.it..  \ix,  588. 
t),  Capt  .1.  N..  x.  -i«ii. 

Maoon,  <;a..  ill.. 

.  T-.'l. 
Maopl  "1-it..  xvii 

McRae.  .!.  K..  ..».i- 

v,  640. 

.ih.  -Jr..  i.l.it..  i.  -i-Jl. 

MadaKU-^'ar.  vii.  ; 
vii.  4M  :  viii. 
pior.itif.iis    in.    viii. 
tril. 

• 

injr  of  Ta- 
rafat  by  Admiral  M 
]>ulse  of  t  .  :>65;  peace 

.   518:  fresh  disputes,  518; 


:     \\ . 
886;  Kviii, 

.Ma.  1.1.  ii.   I..   M..  ol 

ol.it., 
i  itol  at.  il' 

•'•06. 
.  .1.  I'...  ol.it..  ii. 

• 

Madrid 

r.-\..lt  ill.   Xl 

Ma«lri«l.  M;i 

xviii. 

Madriir,  .It-aii  N..  ol.it..  \*.  7^-1. 
Ma.lni 

',..  ol.it..   XV  :. 

I'jinl.  ol.it.. 

.  668. 

MagdoJi 

\v.  a,  oi,  • 

•  •riiiH  nt>  b 

I 

-1. 

.  -iuni.  i-j.i 
M  :  i  Lr  1 1 
Ma.'l.. 

655.     See 

;<-ity. 

.  iv,  386. 

.L'ainst.  vii  . 
Mulm:i. 

• 
Mah.li.   Kl.  sketch.   v\ 

rurr  ot  K!  < 
il.itl. :  \i  • 
viii.  «<»i  :  -M*7  ft  **»/.: 

>••«•  al-o  Hi,  k-.  xiii. 
Mahdist 

Maliiiion.l.  Sain. 

ICaboi 

Mali- 
Malir:,' 

.".9. 

nan.  AllM-rt,  x,  868. 
Mailianlft.  inv<  ntion  b 

Main*-.  Sir  Henry  .1.  S..  xiii. 

KiriL', 
ai.ital  j'nn- 

. 


•,'.'•. 

'<•!     •OMQdOMBl' 

»••«, 


. 

Mnillu: 

V 

M 

rtrmit, 

' 

• 
' 

, 

nis. 

V  .'  .     '•  .  .  si          .1 


•tti 

Una  I  Hi«mfaH«S 

t»;  bud*?,  f 

|pf- 

l,   iii, 

Manluii 

US;  s,*, 

' 
' 

M. 

• 


i^1^^ 

fW*7  ,     IMMM.  *MM».   UT.  «•%. 


\! 
Mall. 


•  i»»iC« 
^••yyrt^.t^.^ 

aassvwtas 


usaifcsjar 
juHtoii:it^r^r.w«. 

•I^U^b          J     A          -fc  «-.        _M     ^^ 

_ 

Mafws  K. .  AlHoM  ^NVMir  «<.  |L 

9^^  •       «>^« 


-      ,       ,    - 

1 

'.tullt- 


• 


•    •• 

tiM,4Uta^) 

; 
«4; 


t-i-     .: 

viii.  «oi. 

•       .      ' 


M 
v 

M 


.  Uur»  - 

•• 

^: 

Marauio,  •n«fa»»ot» 
lHMMHl 


«au|.  ta.  M.  «i». 
CMJoll.i    «M     fl  l.ite^    !• 

f"!!!11!!!* 


ttotl 


**. 


ManUlai,  QMIK),    ..  • 

' 

rttW  in,  i«. 


M;iMHi«ybi«( 

Wf. 

v^, 

««ten*^,f«. 


\    >l  .     '  • 


B26 


INDEX, 


toniU-  over.  \.  :    >  .  i. 


Marshall.  \S 

:•.••.-.:..         ..-:..:.. 


dnii.. 

v     .• 

M,r--    B.W  '   .  v..  ••  , 

x  A,  599. 


:.  v.618. 

Mart*  .  'Ml. 

M.r  ''9. 

M» 

Mr.rt,  ..SIS. 

- 
Mart  minated,  v 

..t..ii,606. 

\!      •   •    ...  -   1\.    ..-•-,.  Ol  it.  i.  S8& 

\;  .--  M  .  1:   r-  -  ••'•'•••  **i  •'•--• 
\;    •       ...  11..:-  ••    -  .-••....      :  ; 

Mart  it 
Mart  ; 
Martini.jtu-.  viii.  Ml;  ix,  804;  x, 

788: 

846  ;  xiii.  794. 

Martins,  experiment-  l.v.  viii,  682. 
Martimuvi.  rase  of.  vii. 

-tin...  ..hit.,  \viii,  588. 

.  582. 

Marv  '..ii.i>84. 

Mar  '^9. 

Mann  •!'•-  i.  (1-1- 

Marx.  Karl.  ..hit.,  viii,  602. 
Maryland,  in  each  v«.l 

i,  508,  6- 

of  thr  North  Carolina  Imiimiary. 
•lohns 

.•.•tion,  ii,  4. 

plications  tor  adml-Wm  to  the 
bar,  481  :  election  of  P< 

t..    COIIWCt     Bu  'I     the 

ocean,  521  ;  trial  of  judjtea  of 
elections  for  diaregard  of  U.  8. 
marshals,  tel  ;  artificial  propa- 
(ration  oft  :  :  in- 

aiiifurati*  •  T.  Ham- 

ilto!  -r  Gorman 

MivcTMiry 

- 
miner*'  *trik<-. 

school  of   tarminif.    507; 


Johi 

Pratt  I'uhlic  Library,  509;   &\\ 
of  Mr.  Wilson.  «.n  of 

Ooremor    Me  Lane,    viii,    516; 
claim  of  the  State  again*  the 
Cbeaapeake  and  Ohio  Canal,  xii, 
population,  xv,  516,  and 
498;    boundary,    xv. 
Australian  ballot  in,  xvi. 
valuations,  xvii,  482:   .-oi^titu- 
•    :  .      :..  .....  ••:.:.    ;:    : 

Mvaaalof.  i    .  •.  :. 

Masai,  the  tnbe  of.  jx.  847. 

M...      .,,- 

Maaioa,  Hermann,  ohit..  xviii.  588. 

Masoch,  Sacher. 


M      •..  '••    r-,  •'  .  '    n.,xix,  589. 

M.....;.  >,r.-,.,M.tr;i,  .,'.  v:. 
M..-  N  n    dun  .  Au-i.n.   T.  x.. 

252;  1n  India. 
Masonry,  c  nblem*  of,  in  the  obc- 

\.69A,  600. 
' 

' 

M  mm     .-•  n-.     '.    •  a.-h    \.'iiiin.-: 

:    •  .    •  ,i.k  !.  :     .;'  ..n.  i.  :,•-;  tam 
ily-bank  schen  :  nrht. 

.iln.a.1  n-li. •: 
•fed 

amendment  n-l  irvartl 

•I -owed, 
610  : 

nuuriage  of  stepfatb^  Mid  daugh- 
ter. 

.  .">11  :  prohihitory  law  de- 
feated, ii,  482 ;  r.  •!  an<l 
hospital  inveoti^aii"!).  -\* 

aholi>hi-tl,   488; 
priflOfl 
•«•  fharitif> 
•    f..r  IH-W   b 
iv. 

hill,"    iii.  inn-!, 

.•liild- 

labor    bi!i.  :     prop..-i-.l 

woman  ftuffra'/tMiiiicn.liiifii 

li.-u  .-liaritiff.  ."C">  :  x  ':. 

.  t-rnor  Talhot,  i;.. 
-titutional     ainfixlmciit.     iv. 
697;  worship  in  public  ii 
ti'.n  .   597,  698; 

di»cu--i"ti  of  the  place  of  w< 
in  puhlu-  atlairs,  698,  699;  civil- 
•  lamatre  bill,  6'.1  •-labor 

.-ntioii  ..I't-nu-lty 

ii-fiiit 
rail  - 

re-tl 

685;  viii,  619;  M-n-t -n-l:i\\  . 

n-t  a'lmit- 
tinu'  a  woman  • 

bar,  689;  fish-cultim;,  640;  rail- 
road  legislation,  vii.  .Ml  : 
tion  - 

recommendations  on  •-• 
t'ragc  and  education,  616. 

• 

inson,   ix.    471  :    n--<-U-.-ti 
678:  rivil-s«T\  ice  system,  x. 

.".-;  Normal  Art   - 
628;  Sundav  law,  xii,  45b:  pr-- 
poned   .livi-i'.n   of  the  town  of 
Beverly,  469;  <•'. 

.  -t''.:?  :  jH.pulatio! 

521 : 

prize    fitrl  • 

roads,  xx.  468 ;  strikes,  xx. 
Massai.  Cardinal,  sketch,  xiv.  666. 
Massari.  explorations  h 
Mossowah,  i,  9*  $00.1  Italians  at, 
ix,  296;  x,  812.  5X)6;  xi.  1 
1;  xiii,  8,  4;  x  158. 


Mastiff,  the  Kn-lish.  ix,  260. 


. 
ladj 

••U'-lan.l  .I- 
xiv,  106: 

' 

Matamoras.  cath<  dral  ol,  illiwtra- 

.  il!..  701, 


. 
Mat) 

Mat  !.• 
Mall 

Mat! 

1  1  it-lit.  •*    \\ilh, 
'-•8. 

Mat^ 

.  «'.84. 

.  640. 

Matth.-v.-.  II.  M. 
M:.tth. 

Matthewa,    M.   i:.,    invention,  x, 
SIT. 

Matt  I 

•i.s  rf  ftq.  ;  sketch  an<i 

Malthiru.  Ii 
Matto  (  (rOMO.    Ii 

;;.  •;•;. 
Matto 

Matt>on.  Mai's-,  -hit.,  xviii. 
Mati.  K.-t.-h.  vi. 

Matxi-rath.  .1..  "hit.,  i,  689. 

.  Chunk,  ill.,  ii.  686. 
Mau.Mrx.  A.  I'.. 
Mann  .  90. 

Mam  .S9. 

Mau|>a.->aiit.    (iuy     .If.     ohit.     and 

.,  xviii. 


Maunni.  .1.  K..  hkt-tfh.  xiii.  645. 

Mauri' 

Mauritius  xiv.4(l";  xvi..  '54-1  : 

I'.-nri.  ol.it..  xviii.  688. 

Maxim.    11.   S..    inv»-ntioiiN 

laiu- 

:i.  La.iy.  ohit.,  i;. 
Maxwell,    .1.    <  ..   tin-.! 
tri.  -'-'-9. 

.  xiii,  646. 

--T.  B.,ol 

npOOIM.  xvii.  IL'. 
.  489. 

.  .1.  K.  von.  "hit.,  iii.  658. 

ii,  xiv,  666. 
L..  «-\|.<-r.'  .  .  87. 

'••'J4. 

M;r.    I.:i\\  -.  amcn.1,-1.  xii.  825. 

Maynani,  Horace,  "hit.,  vii.  640. 

Mazatlan,  illu.-tration.  i.  547. 
Maze,  U.,  obi< 

Mazzanovich,  .F.-hn.  "hit.,  xi,  691. 
Mead,  K.S..  ohit..  xix,  589. 


IN: 


Ml. 

..Ml. 

4..**!,  140. 

MrtttM  319. 

,  .,.....,    .     ,      . 


711;  a.Uof,  ...  •»;  vi.  MI; 
•*>•  <*f«  lvt 


.:'  • 

.."       ' 


M. i iir  •«!..!.  A.,  a 
liMiiyMiilUtf i  1*1 


M 


v  •  •  ;  '.         •       i  . 

.    Ibo 

n*v»l 
M. .......  !-•   I  Bi    .1.  « 

M,.;  :!  .'•;;  v.,  .  .  . 

\f  «*IL4fvr<     r.i  imlit        t |n     „— ttt 

'«'     ••;";<.:'•! '      •    -      ' 

\.-rv  \..lurn.-. 


IfcmboteU  ,««.. 

wiiLMt. 

,<o 

ddoMdavr^^ 


' 

M.,.,i.:.:-  M  .  v     , 


',» 


L  «§;•.«« 

IMI;  ,i(M.  *^J*«4.iM«; 

H|;  MV.CMVHM.VTEs 


• 

•"* 

v  ill.  JW9. 

' 


.  S4. 

M  «    riU 

* 

3*7; 

M,  I      !,.  -.!•:•:      ••      :.   v.   i 

M4. 

M.  IbOOfM,      ilMn    i.    •  v 
u(,  v,  3»;  port-office  «U,  illa»tm> 

418. 

' 

.u.lal,    U»e, 
Melkartlt,  tcropl- 

M,!l.   I'atf,  k    ll    .       .-•       .   v: 


.SS4. 

\;,  -.  " 

Mattt   of.  v.       : 

,n-,    IV.  -,     ;\, 

1>.1\  ,    V.    .     *7 

it    174:  UiMM     ' 


Mich.,  tiiii.  I4i. 

t 

V 

M«nwlhrt  «cptHMM»  by. » 

-• 

.—  and  Jm^lT  of.  U. 

x.lt;  f«u. 
M. 

>.4f|. 

Obit.  3U.  418. 
•V|. 

MMmiUod,  O.v  obit.  xrH.  MA. 

MK 
MOTMA,  L*        •    •  •• 

»4. 
•kMA.ttH.444. 

\-.  :.       •  .  : 


H.   40-447 
MIMBMg 


.MTllH 

' 


SW..  .^u-S. 

la.  ^47;    fcc*     I  i     H   LM< 


«•« 

.     . 


T.  A.,  obit  •  xrit,  MA. 

... 

M*rrv.  Fr»»i^..  .kH*k.  i. 

•m 

.    toM>ta»«MMS- 

.    KM;    U,  4; 
ckfarof,  v 


M-  •....-.. 

'• 
.     •  .-.••  •  .         I 


i,  ... 


tin. 

591:  viii,  537; 

rc»ource» 

tunnulinir  a  vol 

l(M    ami    I 

eulturv.  .V:7:   tl.  :-!:ilit. 

immen«ee>UU»,:>»8;  Am.  r 
hilla- 
w«sl.  zapote-w 

:  |.«-arl-ft-l 

.iii'l  <>t!i«-r-, 
.     ' 

.-itinn 

tilitici*.  .V.«i  :  natural  ].ht-n«! 

with 

mem- 

ad  capital  :. 

enij  '  .     Milj'hur-- 

•     .--,.!,..  ..»,  ,  ...  ,i  ;,!...-.<.;: 
•i.iirru- 

tifina  with   « 
60S:  -In. 

quake*,  .V'l;    tin-   Frvn.-h   in.  x. 
4*1:  <intnt 

132;     pvini: 

Aztec  cal. 

:  rlmr.-li  work  in, 


548;   reln- 

fttt:  vi,  524  and 

.       .     .-       •  .   xx.   »-v 

.  raini.l.  vi  . 
Merer.  II.,  otMer 

II   A..  -f  -;»;6. 

Me>crt  Juliu»  L.  TOO,  obit 
Meyer.  L.,  Uble  br,  vi,  41  ; 

Merer,  Lnthar.  \.  :  1-:  xii,  190. 
•as,  x.  186,  187. 


111  . 

.  «i04. 

uhatl  railroad,  x, 

.  xii,  W4. 

' 

Mich] 

in.  i.   ."•'••.';    ii. 

•  rti'.ll 
ti<>i),    iii. 

\\itli    tlx-    ii]»|K-r 
. 
:ial  amendments,  iv,  '•  ; 

r  rhanilN-r. 

tioi. 

' 


Mayer.  -esrebes.  vii, 

Merer,  V.t  ob«nrstioo«  by 


law  -  .  •:  ;  niiln.ail 

:     I'ni- 

ty   n-jM.ii.  i'-n  <•!' 

!i«l  a-- 

•eSHin>  n;  :  <-ii:intaUc 

•:i      «l' 

t..r   I'aliiM-r.  vii:. 
cenMi-.    i 

• 
.  |>M].iilutiiin  ofdl 

.    l.m-.-.    \i. 

xii.    "."4  ;  salt   tnanuhu-tur. 

ii    law    in    ojH-nitiun. 
.    vi,    T.^r,  ;    JM.J.I, 
.">.".<"  ;  jmlifial  <lci-i-i..n 

::!:•.  -'H^ft*. 

.m.ls.xviii, 
•itutional  amciKi' 

i,  160. 
M-iim-NT.  tin-,  iii*  r>«>3  ;  illiw- 

trati 

.  z.  UB  ^  «0.  : 

Middk-t  >\SM  in.-..rj-'nif- 

Mklhat  I'a-l.a.  -•  :  trial 

Midian.  the  land  of,  theory  con- 

Mi-lv  «ition  in  California, 

.  lj*i;  xix,  'Jl  ;  plan  «•• 
98;  xx,  106. 

.  iii,  659. 
Mier»,  J.,  obit.,  iv,  700. 


'' 

Mi  kin 

«.ui! 

Milan 

!.,<  .•iitciiniiil.  \. 
Milliau.  .1.  .1 
Miliiif.  \i.  1  J". 
MiHtai 

•  l. 

Military   in1 
Kill  OB,  i'.  . 
Militarx     oi-'l-r. 
569:  '.!..!  Statea,  xix, 

Militia.  l.ill  On,faj  - 
in    Illin-' 

:      inij.ro\»-?ii<-!it>      in 

•  I     in 

Mill.  Mr.,  ol 
Millai.-,  Sir  .lohn. 

:   xii.  877. 
Milh.nl.  II.  B.,obit,  ivffi, 

Millar.l.  II.,- 

Mill.,' 

Miller.  Knin.aiiiu-1.  obi! 

Mill. 

Miller.  .F.ilin.  "I. it.,  \i. 

Miil.-r.  i;,-v.  JobJQ  .  588. 

Mill<-r.  Jol  M  I... 

Miil.-r.  .1.    • 

Mill.  i. 

Miller, 

Mill.-r.  B,    I  ..    •  1-it.  ati'l   DOTt 

Mill.-r.  W..  n"!iiin:.t<-i. 

Mill.  '. 

Miller.  William,  j-r.-a.-i 

Miller, 

|».ri . . 

Mill.  :  iv.  88. 

Mill.-t. 

Mill.-t,  1-iai.k  1» 
Millrt.  -I.  ! 
Mills  Kill.  tl.. 

MilN.  Clark,  nl.it..  viii,  592. 
Mill-.  -I.  1 

Mills,  /"i-liar.  ..I, if.,  \ii,  fi98. 

Milnmn.  B 

891. 

Milin 

Mi  Ins.  \\\l 

Mi  low. 

Miln>\ .  .1.  B 

Milt/iV. 

Mil  wank.-..  -row  Hi 

.  171  ;  wiit. 

Min  Kivir.  : 
111  : 

Mitii-nin.  -I.    I'... 
Ann  ri'-a  ; 

Miiiilt-li-tt'.  Dmetri,  obit.,  xvii,  568. 

Min<l.^.n.  xi.  lit. 

Min-1-n.-ading,  xii,  506.    See  Telep- 
athy. 


land 

util- 
.AM. 

Mi  Mr  n.,  COIlVenll  .COO- 

**•• 


•—i.  «•;  »•••• 


• 

....... 

mm.  AMJ»«9,  ».  *TT ; 


' 

-i.i»,  Ui, 


• 
»>. 


ia;b«MH 

:  »iWttn» 

ll.tt.&<U.«M». 


i.  IT.  6M;  in  .\rk»i 
Al«  l*n  A 

til,  in 
Of  NaracU.   vL   ««« :  l>w. 


• 


• 


.  '      :.  » 

ud»U*d»r 

Tn.!ki2 


* 

•4 ;  -alt.  n 

Minghetti,   M  4AS;  obit., 

M,.-      .    •  v  . 

• 

.   ;      ».'t     (IttMKHi    111 

N      •'      -  ..      '. 

•--•;•,•  .    - 

|».n,l..  .\:.-  ;  i  .        .  i 

' 

,  m,^ed  .mrod- 

•'W  of 

M&; 

n,  5d» ;  seven  jx r 


v 


MteMri 

Mlribel,  M/ 

1*. 

V  f 
>1 

rate,  x,  H;t»!- 

I4HAK  »i 


v    :..".  ., 


IT,    » 

nn    Itw 

!,.->      ••or-'-     -    .       -        I- 


MM^tt   ^^     f^fti^Ml    -    - 


1     ••  »          i,!l» 

•••  ^•p  •   ••  ^^t 


»•»   |> 


I.*.  ^4. 


ItaMHf  lrt*w  IBIIII  n  ^.t. 

W  ;<««.<!- 

Mtetf  ««IW  M*  <  t*.  M^ 


•* 

•*"•* 

MtfMi.    L    Ml ;     •  i  in.  Ill  ill  ill       *** 


Md    i  I  im*  «• 


„. 


880 


' 


Lake,  ix.  »4$».  .v 


MfatiAraqaipa,  volcano  of,  ilia*. 
tr»u 

1 
• 

•i«.    ukrM 

Mitch 
Mitch 

II.  Willian  .JW. 

SI 
Mixari.  8u  Goor. 

>.  exploration  of,  vii,  JW6. 

Mcmk! 

i-urv, 

M  .     \    .  .        ,-:T  -.,       I-    ,    •.. 

90;  debt  of.  \.  !•_•  ;  in  tin-  war  oi 

Mobiu»,  Prof.,  ol  - 

in  Knittir 

l  :  in 

MiMUMtpl'i.     iii.     ">7"  ;     in     Ala- 
bama. \viii.  7. 
Model  villas,  in  Ksrypt.  xix,  256; 

ii,  K..  f\|>l<>ruti<m> 


:.tor.  illu>-  -.49. 

Movll  .  361. 

I  ii.     14  ;     nionu- 
men' 

Moawt.  Wilhclu 
Moffut,  J.  ('.,  obit,,  xv. 
Moff  -..>2. 

Mohammed  Sultan    Haulm,  obit., 

Mohammed  Taha.  viti,  299. 
Mohammed    Texvflk,    pro  1 

iv,  338;  nketch,  336; 

Mohammedan  revolt,  xx.  141. 
Mohammedanism,    iii.    :,M  :    iv. 

647  : 

-  of,  x,  816. 

See  aim)  Ixlam.  vi.  440. 
Moho'  .1  ••-  "f.  in  Tur- 

•liM-.fit.-nt    alii-" 

Mohl,  Juli^. 

.r.l.    «-\pl<. 
331  ;  death  of,  ii,  330. 

•     .     \.  ::-'•. 
Molbech,    C.     K.     I    .   ol.it..    xiii, 

MoleMhott.  Ja/N. 

Mole*wonh  .  607. 

vorth,  W.  v,  684. 

Molin 

Mohn-.  d«-l  H<  v.  battle  of.  x. 

M          .  :. 

\! 
Molten 

40. 

K    B.,  on  war, 
vii.  71«:  obit.  and  port.,  xvi,636. 


.ill«»    <•!.  t  r: 

Monaco,  Pr-  «>66. 

Man. I  alOOB 

1.  in  AUH- 

Mono-  in  the  Anglican 

M..IH  \,  307,  819. 

iii,  :r. 

ii,  88. 

iiinoes 

ami'  Kiiuiii.- 

. 
ti«>ii;il.  xi\  . 

•:"H  in.  \j,  877; 
.li>ttirl>:iii. »  >  in.  \\  ii. 

cdicn,  A..  ..Lit.,  xiii.  • 
.  vii,  88. 

M-miiKiuth  Moiuiiin-Tit.  \ 
M'.nn-.-r.  II..  «.l>it..  ii. 

;ili-Ku|'l':i:: 
26. 
Monolitli-. 

M-'iir-.  II.  A.  .1..  <•!,;• 

.al;  in 
A  Trim.  I, 

:..  xvi,  648. 

!.-t.  <'li;illc>.  -kct.-li.  \i 

1 1.  MI  \  .1..  "i'it..  iii.  iMl. 
M«nt;^  .  581 ; 

viii..V}7:  ix,588:x,  •;. 

:u:i«ni;il    01 

ti"i!.ix..v.i:  tax-exemption^ 
lan<l 
670 : 

a**  •  -titu- 

I'lila- 

rui; 
xvi; 

no,  Dr.,  cxplorut' 

;-.-j. 

M"iit  proposal  concern- 

in/ 
M..IH- 
and 

.  «55. 

viii.Mfl:  leson, 

in  • 

636;  f-.rs  buil- 

tier 

xiii.  569: 

•  ;in>tra- 

tion.  5i.  12; 

•         i-it..iii,  659. 


.    114: 

Montreal,   mrr-ival   an.l   'uv-pnlaoe 
«t. 

art  ' 

Montbmmb 

Monui 

• 

.   ','''.'.'  ;    in    I' 

M iv.  (Jnuivill.  .  599. 

I  :  <li- 

578;  illu- 
68r.. 

Moon-.  it.,  i.  689. 

Moore,  Ilcn 

M'. ore.  .l::iii«-  S..  obit.,  \vii,  560. 

Moo 

.  T..  iiivcntii'ii  Lv.  vi.  95. 
Moore,  Tmlwrll. 
Moore-(;rtM'nli<,\v  C;u-<  . 
M«.ra.  M..  i 

Mora  in. 1,  limit \.  tlic.  DL 
M.-raiiic.   t«-nninal.  •  t 

•'•92. 

M"!-;: 

Morai 

iv.  •;»•.!:  vi.  i;n  :  be, 

}i'>u 

" 

.  A.  I'..  <.l'i- 
Mon-lli,  (i'x.vaiini.  obit 

•i"!l   of.   XV.    . 
•MJ.IM-H  <li-.  • 

^47. 
Moriarty,  Dr.,  on 


DID]  I 


. 


• 

S44. 


" 


• 

•• 
- 

••«. 

• 

M    •  r.-    •  .    M     .1   .-••«•  i  ••  ..t.    :.-••.. 

MotifaoB,  Pterfm.oUt.  v  ..  0 

M.rr-.n.lM.rt   1    ...-.•   .       ... 
M..rn-..|,.\\     !:  .-:.•   :!   I 

tri,<«. 

•>!'». 

804. 
<  licchouart, 

Mortinv««.  (krnt,  xv,  :.:,_• ;  i- 

«orv.ti«»n*.  ill,  M. 

' 

' 

' 

M 
' 

« 

' 

titetimtoC, 
f  Justice,  oWt.,Ut&». 


Mi, 

u£V*,m 

M      .......         r      • 

v          .    .    -     .  . 


M       - 

"      .krfrli.tM.M4 

v  .  .         .... 

"SiSiSTuSS^  i«,  u.Af" 

>in.  n»«vlii. 


-<•», 

Mt 

' 


,  u.  •; 


•. 
' 

Mountain  dokMM,  U,  Ml,  MS, 

; 

Mount    Brwa,   hiflMl   point    In 

.OIL 

v     •  •  \   •        1 1 


Ml. 


v.  .•  • 
v-  • 
V  •  ' 


mi  »,  MMMI  i»  H«»  ^*M  **^ 


**« 


—a, 

v   ..,    N      ,   , 


.i.n«d  •  ^  « 


i.r**.: 


•  • 


882 


INDEX, 


Music,  i,  671:   Tonic 

rvoi-m  pn..'rv~ 

instrument*  1.    ID    dmrvhv*,  ix. 
669.    Scvi'iiurohea. 
Mu*io-boxc*.  x,  <k* ;  illiMrationa, 

Muak*l  bad,  a,  x,  «IS. 

" 


•07;  illiattratione,  CO 

612,  «l&,  616,  617,  619,  6*0,  «81. 

M  ......       .        .   :    .    v.  ••  v 

Muakml  telephone,  iii,  588. 

•       :-.-,.       : 

gent  worka  of,  597-602; 

166. 
:.«. 

•Ma,  obit,,  xi,  728. 
do,  obit.,  v.  601. 

•idgc,  electro-photograph  of, 
iii.  7-8. 
Muaflcr-ed-Iiin.  Prince  of  Persia, 

Muz/  '-«'»2. 

nann'ft    explora- 

•48. 
Myers,  A.  < 

M        '  --.     Iv.     -i.'ht.   x!.  -J71. 

Mysore,  native  rule  in.  vi.  i 

Nabon:  ix,  18. 

364,565;  x 
12o7l22;  hia  death,  895; 

X*  wvO. 

Naganak  obit.,  \ix.589. 

of,  iv,  494; 

Nagaaaki.  illu-:r..ti..n.  ii,  418. 

•56;  x, 

Nairlee,  Henry  Morrb,  obit. ,  xi,  692. 
Naib  Sular.  x,  9. 

N.  >',.  .      M..  ,.  •  •..  vii.  .141. 
Nakamtiru,  Mananan, obit.,  xvi,678. 
Names  of  Places,  xi,  882. 
Nampa,  image  found  at,  xiv,  18. 

-.48. 

ha,  in  Kuwm,  v: 
807. 

Naphtha  motor-. 
Naphthalin 

Nafw>lcon.  Jerome,    portrait 

•     •  .      :-..  •,...  ..:,. 

Marea,  Sir  G.,  voyage  of,  iii,  852. 

Karratfmnaett,  k>-  '»80. 

Karravan^tt  Indiana,  tribal  rcla- 
^aboliMbed,  v  654. 

Narrvy.  Chartea, 

Kaohu...  ..  I-;]. 

K«*hvillf..  T-IITI..  xi.  17S:  battle, 
x.  428:  illustration,  i,  744  : 
tennial  of  admission,  xix,  787 ; 
wat «  r 

N  -      •  -        .'::.:.:,; 

Nanon.  II.  P. 

Natal,  cokmy  of,  v,  oo  : 


111:  ^v,  M; 

V,'  .1  .  .  •  v    .   -.    !.  ••'.   JCTt.   .  :•". 

Mill.  ill.,  ii. 

' 

•:.    \.   <WI. 

BjpM  t'-.r   I'1 

.  .*)79. 
ml    league,  proclamation  of 

:i:il  Quaranl  -Jl7. 

<-ts  «'t.  ii. 


tria. 

Natioi 

lnt«  -rxTinii'ii.  vi:. 
Nntli-r.  H.-ii.rii-h.  ol.it.. 
Natural   ^H-..  in    Kt-ntiu-ky.   xviii. 

Natural  liiM«>ry.  111.,  vi,  409. 

Niiluralizjition  in  Brazil,  vii;. 
Naturali/.atinn  in  ' 

validity,  vi,  HlX;  ras»-s  ••!'  Hu/./.i 
•''13  tt  «eq.  ;  \\  IH  n 

t'rauclult-!  '  -i.lc-nt 

(•r.mt    on.    i.    >\*:\  ;    cast-    . 

Naturaliznl     Anu-rii-ai 
n.:,n\  .  ffi,  -J4-  :  ri-,'lit- 
\.  :j:J  ;  illu 

Nauti  111.,  ix,  108. 

Navji 

!  aj'i-aratu-. 
Naval  catastrophe  in   - 

.  the.  xviii. 
Navul  .-tatidii.  in-\v.  \\  :. 

in.  i,  780. 

man.  viii,  :5  :••_';  Italian,  viii.  449; 
-Ii  aixl  Fi 

.   569,    574, 

619; 

vii. 

•11:  iinlii-ator  lor. 

•:  <  'iiili.  iii. 
inai: 

Beawanba 

'  •   •  :     :•  •  -     ;       >j.;;iii-li     <-..n-ul>. 

- 
lit'.  ->a\  in.'  appliancea.  et< 

ed  ^• 
aii)phil>i" 

unercc  and  .  viii. 

145;  xi,  195. 

IH.    See  Samoa. 
19  ;  x,  85,  86. 
:  14. 
' 

.   805,    809: 

-.  vii.  588. 


•it.,  i,  689. 

ix,  28. 
arning, 
L8, 

.  18. 

nh" 

:  geo- 

1    ami 
•n     "f 

In.. 

:  li^li-cult 

•1  :   Lpr»\\th 

ofpopolal 

ti«.i. 

j.r-.i  i.u-n.l- 

manl 

i  road  a, 

• 
t'.nn  of  Senator  T 

|>o]>tilati»! 

•-it'-ry  law. 

L15;  l.ri.ljfe 

NebnohftdiM 

Ni-l.ula  in   0  An- 

Ni-l.ula-.  i.  :.«•;  \  anpred 

t«>.  Ii, 

r\  ..t  j.lain  : 

^rajihic.  .\: 
Nebalar  lin«-.  \\i.  .M. 

Mi-ii'h-li.  n  .  28. 

Nri-.li, 

617; 

.18. 

[•»,    ailmitK 
Calit'Tiiia.    iii.    71  :  trial    • 

•••lli-i-tual    -' 
41  :  a*   ji.! 

1 
7'Jl  : 

whi' 

J.l'op- 

.  411: 

•.ii.  1. 
.;iini-.  kilk-'l.  xiv.  1. 


INI 


***.«, 


Nk*0ffO     fiatti    *^***¥^    1^     lea^MM 


4^  te.  •», 

'.raM,M9; 
-r*n» 

MHT,  a**.  •«;  a 
43S; 


»; 

ii.  Mi;  i 
Ml;  r*l*»- 


ii.         ;    ttHM       « 
Ml;  r*l*»-^  l«*U» 

al.  ill;    i»W*v,     < 
•!*<*•  fMHda*.  «•§. 


«0.          '-•   • 


IM 

am,  lir«i*4.  »».T« 
New  IKrfaM.  inlnrtiM  te.  ft. 
Ml*  ftf7  <^i.  ^^     ^*    +" 
Mt;£silSli;^teM.i«l, 


•  ••.  AIpbooM  d»,  nbiL,  », 
Jft,  pUun.  by,  «l, 


Nevada.  In    evrnr    volume;    tall 
•toot*,  at  No-        commUioorr ,  flL  * 

extortion,  fO)  ; 
at.x,!^;^        trow*** 

ofu 


•     .         !      ,          t  :  "        "         .     ..-' 

I^OM 

•  **w  *«••#•    9VIBBP    Wo*    ^^HM    •*•••, 
+f  -m     11^ ^^^^|^       a»     m+^*m     m^ 

•    lava^oMiM^    •§ 

..hiAM*.  mi  oa». 


: 
llaT  «*; 

••*!; 

n/r;,  ..!•.-,    .,    .   .--..   •    •         i.    . 
K   Z  111;  \  !•        -  - 

i* 


x,  «X7 ;   irrimiiitm.  xi,  401 :  xtt, 
i    «rerr    volume;        &:   rmllrJda.  xil.  Ml;   Kto 
II.  &:   oontoat        Iwxla.  &M;  CooMoek.  cWll 

,   Ml,   Mi;        dated C*lifomU,andoiUi 
Ml.  MS;  adju-t- 


mmll,   4A+-  •Mti«»^_4A  v  a^av  ••! « 

vaWft  "w  •  wav^avM  •  •  VH^H^H^HI 

tLCM;t«.a.»irf.<: 
«teri,  r.  Mtj    ai.   y  j  jdU 

s&i^sf? 


MI:  popdMto,  >•.. 

:;v.,..,      --    •. 


tofeoralkwa,  .  <sc. 

.  okk,  rf,  iff. 

obit.  U.  4M. 

growth  of,  xi,  174 ; 
.in-         water,  xiv 
r.    :.*4  .     -;\       N.    »..TK,  •  '  .   x  .      '     - 

__-       —f       ft  ._.  V^MP      tt»-    1^ i          •«fcfc^»«lk     *fc^      m\        1*^    • 

iTjr    Ot    Aui-       i^CW    DCAIIOrU,   MrvwMi   CM,  VI,    l«». 

notion  with         xk 

4j  ll*e  war     Ncwbonyi  John  SloVflMoav,  u,44; 

"SftfetAi*11***"1 


arn^i  .    _lt|     | 

>•  •  .    .      \:       .        '.    .      »•  •          •  -  •   • 

;  «rl,  M4;  jnrti. 

•  i-_&  .        k—     ha^a%  •    ILL* •^^•m-lLri^k«kM«    ••kOM 

t  W9 

II^Mtrirk.  N.  J  .  «l«.  IK*, 
irf .  oaWbfBtioa)  at,  triil,  IT7. 
-      '- 
WMfJpOlt, 


884 


poration*,  ix,  66»:   x,  *.".'. 

lit;  ..N,!,-'  ;.,n.i-.  .\.    :i  .    .      i 

•AM  •    '.  •-',  ,  v     •       .  .       t;..n 
of  Senat 

• 


mUl  rimr 

irch. 

.    -.  .-    Mii.-f,  rrf,  I--'. 

.ketch  and  port., 

6*8;    xx,    68-v 

.;.,      ,    -.     .:••:   Indian-  in. 
..  .      .         ;....;-  .'.x..       ; 

x  .  .       :  v.i.  .-•;.-•:  ra    •  •••  i-.  t,  !.  - 

.    .•     .   •      .v  -'  ..:  •  "-.   .:."•; 

1;    land-svMcm.  \iii.  566; 
resources,  viii,  565  ;  xi.  680  :  in 
duatriee,  i  MS:  land- 

••-.>..•     :  v.  -   ;:  ,:  .:;••: 
pop  •••••vi;    cult! 

of  alfalfa,  or  Cull  lorn 
681;    droiik'liT*  and    n«*><l- 

Mi  ;  xiii,  600  ;  >.  .  608  ; 

•r>17. 
' 

'rlcans,  debt  of,  v,  480  ;  vii. 
illu>- 
trat 

.  168:  mawacix-  in,  xvi,  888; 
«..'.  r,  v\.  777. 

•owthof.xii,  125. 
rt  i:.   I  .  rk  w  of.  i,  701; 
old  mill,  ii,  6:5;  xvi.  168. 
:  rocesses,  xviii.  186. 
race   discovered    in    Egypt, 
ill.,  xx,  28. 

Newson,  T.  M.,  obit.,  xviii,  568. 
New  South  Wales,  x,  60,  68;  xi, 
61.6S;  xiv,63;  xv,  46  ;  x 
xvii,43;  i 

66.    See  under  Australia. 
V  I  -;  ..;  •  :  If      \i.      SSI  :     liiij-r-vi-- 

noent.**  u>  j-iun... 

.    688;  8ub«i<liury 
industrien,  684;    press  araocia- 
tioni.,  685  ;  Ru^ian,  ix,  708. 
New  States,  xix,  224. 
New  substance*,  xii,  670  ;    xviii, 
188;  xix,  111. 

Testament,  n-visioo,  vi,  689  ; 

Newv-r  it.,  ii,  585. 

i!       \  .  •    ..•     • 

iii,  86,  87. 
Newton,  Henry  J.,  ix,  651  ;  obit, 

Newton,  John,  obit  and  port,  xx, 

Newton,  MSAH.,  XT,  188. 

Newu.n,  Sir  ('harlea  T.,  obit,  xix, 

New  Y»rk  City,  x,  546  ; 

district  annexed  in  1  895,  xx,  551  ; 
monument*,    xx,    551;    defalca- 
tions, 578  ;  new  aqueduct,  567, 
679  ;  ix,  590  ,  x,  640  ;  xii,   585  ; 
East  River  Bri.irc  opening 
680;  amendment  of  chart*  v 
667;  derated  railroads  viii,  668- 
680;  new  parks,  580;  city  poli- 


tic*, 681  ;   bills  on, 

removal  of  police  c«>rii 
*L  6ft  tooi 

railroaiis,  vi,  6.M* ;    - 

m«.i 

•ni-n  torlak  :  \i,649; 

•iiu-nt, 

x,  640 ;  cnoiv 

'•19;  labor  t 

669:  xi,  c.v>;  illustrations  of  th« 

610;  xiv,601 ;  \  .585; 

.  584; 

Il:irlK>r,  improvements 

New   ^ 

• 

7   :     .-'iIKNTIlilli:    1«->tilll"|lV     nf 

hui-lnmds  nnd    uivt-s,  597  f  new 
.  614; 

viii.  •  tutioiKil  iuiifii-1- 

576;  vii,  601 ;  burning ot  Brook- 
toh  «.f 

;    Kill    for 
•  •f    lateral    can. 

apportionment   of  nu-m). 

l«'^i>lntim-.     iii.    '!!  J  ;     i\  . 
codifirati"?)     ot'    law-,     iii. 

-'ion  of  tnaiiilainiiiL'  • 
616:  vi,  «;.*-l  ;  j.ijH-linc 
j'Hir  :  in.'irrifil  • 

may  cxf<-utu  u  j>o\\»  r  of  attorney, 
619*;  «-..al  and  railroad  coiiilnna- 

.  •'.!'.• :  fi-li-riiltur' 

an— iilVra-cc-Mnxcntioii.  C,-jl  ;  con- 
htitutionality    of    civil-. i;:- 

;     'election     of    Senator 

.liiiLf.    iv.    i'.71  :    state   cliari- 

'•i ;  tramp  act,  iv. 

676;   plin  r>l  ot 

damages  for  fulj»e  impriaonment, 

railroad    !•  nminatiou. 

678;  rerUon of MMMUMD!  la-.\-.. 

V..r)' 

of  national  hanks,  v.  ,r)7<> ;  Ijud- 
son  River  Tun1 

of  the  Kepul-lican  party .  vi,  648; 
resi;.'  tiat«»rs.  »'.4(  : 

tion  of  Huoceasore,  6 1 

I.apham     und      Miller,     648; 
charjre  of  bribe' 

railroad  0  .  :  vii, 

599;  viii,  569;  bill  for  pr 
injf  telegraph  consolidation,  vi, 

;  i  ted -rail  road  hi  IK.  vii,  600; 
.  616; 

vestix':it!"n-.  vii.  <;o-j ;  ,.](-,  • 
Gov.  hand 

]ortrait.   «>11:    political    asaess- 
roeti  ':,  566;  decision 

•n  of  railroad 

pante**,  vii,  614;    act  rejriilatin,' 
primary*  l<  :  i-ivil- 

nnrlodf  oommlMioBcvpf  ''i;7:  \. 
689:  law  amen  < 
hck    forot- 
582;  x^685;  tclctrrap' 
576;  Newhur^  e»-lehration 
acts  affecting  municipal  admin- 


\\  ••-!, m    ||..    ,    of  I: 
68S; 

il.  x. 

•*,  685:   cnnal   . 
xi,  648;  capital  Mini-limei  • 
548;  iiiMiranco  legislation. 

•  ill.    and 

588,  an.l  .\\  altli, 

tiltinnal     • 

\  ii.  45;  sco  Moo 

66;  inoiii.1 

ir  v  ith.   ii, 
89;  reni". 

' 

i    Fall-,  M-hclii"   to   tr;.: 
i-  fV'-ni.   \  i. 
xvii.  vvation,  x,    685; 

••;il   J...\Vef  . 

Niagara  Fall- 

Mte.l,  viii.  |  .tion, 

X,  675  r  a  park  < 

bridge,  illustr:.'  M. 

-.  N.  ^ ..  \.:  .!!•;. 

:-iand  i.f.  x 
Nihlo,  William,  ohit.,  i!! 

\\ith 

any,  iii,  88''. :  M-'.-.^ii' 
rito?' 

:  canal,  662;  vii,  r,l*  ;  viii, 
654; 

MS;  xiii,  r,: 

623;   xvi,  694;  xviii,  530 :   bill 
concern  in.  h  pc- 

cup;:' 

surrecti-.n-,  \i.  Jio  of 

Ometepo  in  eruption^  vii,  682; 

:  atioiud    railroa.i.     i\, 

tiotl     of    MoJiiototnh". 

1 

./•TV.  floating  dome  of,  XI,  66« 

Niehol,  John,  ohi1 
Niehola>  I.  ••!'  M"nt.ne_'r".  hi. 
1  ;  iii,  586. 

!»uke,  sketch,  ii, 
«80. 
' 

L'ovcrnnient  h<  .; 
nominated,  xiii.  601. 
Xich-  .  346. 

Nicliol-.  .698. 

xiii,  647. 

is  by, 
v,  :*3. 

Nicholson.  .lames  W  .  A.,  at  Alex- 
andria, v 

roper* 

1  --S  i'» 

ores  in  United  States,  vii. 


unw  i 


,  ki, 


ir. 
i,    or. 


mi  <J*f»B),  U,4U;         -V-. 

vWioul      6~ 
1  Slatea,  vote.  L  v,  aftd  U.        MMjyaatti 

i  Mfen  ,--   .-•••. 

m  j*n*J* 

'.'n-ifiu-riui'.*..n   •"•  •»»„•   » 

am 

* 

in     • 


TV: 


imUl.  exploration*  of,  lv,  412. 
i.        illuatraftioo,  U,  Ml. 

t      V.rm.n.  ii,,«  .         -.x.      M4 

nmnby,  MmniuU,  lv,  M;  obtt., 
r~        XT,  68&. 

of  Camliodia,  Uf 
»        1S»;  v 


N    -  • .  • 


. 


f»rUici4   : 


- 
•41 


.  •     . 

713. 


uatntioB.il,  tL 

144. 

•i  Buraeo  Coopaav,  the,  vlf 
*». 

North  I.lmnd,  enmCkm  on,  xi, ««. 
Northbrook  UUiid.vii.M4. 
N     thbrook,     Lori    .ketchm,    i, 
iii,  :.M. 

ekxtitmofl,  ,iicr.i, 

.  .     ...     •  .    r  .  ;        '        '  .'      • 

lULi  •    n^K    KlMlo 

•  •  .  WW  |    T|  OOO  |    Allv  4**rf  |    DVW  O%^HV 

in,        «3« ;    State    charitio-,    i .    4 

•^  sSSHSHsiS 

p, teat  for,  vli,  »i ;       671;  Hi,  AM;  lv,  **T;  "i**** 

N/bvnUBta.LM:         H.  Smllk,  U, 67 

•/•mm,  HL  •* 


i  • 


.  *a  ,. 


\8H*V  %  .  •  flWB»«  V*  VPibt 

Koye*.  B.  F..  •*> 
Nnr^Jo^IL.o^.^e**. 

•.  Kr,  av\  •» 
•t;Jbuia,  »w\  W;  ^  m; 

y&^aii  iriiidii  K  to«tM> 
N«orWa^,»,lJaX 
KSbTMiUrs  «,  Ul. 

s       ....         .         -        * 


• 
»,xii,lll. 


'.     .    v  v  ,    •    .   1 

by,  iv,  ill ; 

.  .'•    ' 


« 


af        «          '  »  »» 

<*.'   •  <f".mr>     art 

r>  .it   "  »-••..•. 

•        .    •    •       .   .       -  ,  .   •  - 


664;«l««Una«rGoT.  V«ao>iotW 
-.  ^arvta,  cto ; 

:  '.    '-•'.-    .'•••"."• 
•UMM,  v»  AM  i  coionc 

..., 

•rnMBHt         aVmmm         m^mmf        4 


Noble,  Matthew,  »krtch,  I.  607. 


M4  mto  MI  prOuUU*.  H. 
M5.  Mi:  «*£l  «mMfaeH 
•7;  ladJMs  •<§ ;  t  iiii  rl  • 
bmMW,^;  idlmibaftK 


.N\:k.-.v»:.iii.i.    I  i  .    :••;  :    n    ,    M4; 
.6S1. 

:«. 
Nyung,  Yang,  rebellion of,  xi.  in. 

ftw. 
OeJtU. 

.  xiii,  647. 

Oath  ad,  iv,  24;  deoi- 

Oath*  mi.l  affirmation*  in  British 
ParUaimi 

.•••.:•    i  .-•-.:..     •-.•    : 
•  .  .-  .  ;M  1  .    rida.  :•.:•:. 

«  -      ....       .  K  •._•.  \.  11'.'. 
Obddullah,  •urrendv  and  rescue 
or,vti,804:oWt.viii,603. 

•-•:.     •..  .; .  ]..  .  •  .!..xxi...s:, 
Obelisks,  ix,  695;  illu^rat 

v.    \   ,    v  rk,   ;.•'.;;    ii-    of 
.     697-59V: 

mw  of,   600:    the   craba,    600; 

Obituaries,  American  and  Foreign, 

rv  volume. 

0  reeht,M  .  rii,  46. 

O'Brun.    William,    xi»,    336;  im- 

priaonmcnt  of,  889. 
O'ferien.  \N  illiam  S..  ol.it..  iii,  642. 
Oblig:/  ^L 

.1  Ix.ndx,  648;  of 

Louisiana.  6£S :  Court 

Obrenovitch,  house  of,  vii,  739. 
Observatories,  xi,  57  ;  xii,  39 ;  new, 

Obstruction,  resolution  in  Parlia- 
ment on,  v,  881.    See  Cl 

ajfhan,  E.  B.,  obit.,  v,  594. 
<»carina,ix,625. 
Occu  :.S. 

Oceanic*,  French  poesesfioT 
:  geographical  disc 
in,  309. 

In  Tennessee,  ix. 

Morgan,  challenged  by 

bill  of,  in 
I'arliatnri/ 

nor,  James,  obit,  xv.  657. 
nor,    John,    expelled    from 

I--'-..-...  iii.  •;..-, 

.sketch  and 
.  xi  v,  648. 

•  Maries,  obit  and  por- 

19. 
Octroi  de  mer,  ix,  804. 

-t«.  drug*  used  by,  ix,  271. 

observations  by,  v,  86. 
Ode**,  illustration,  ii.  689. 
Od«r,  George,  obiu.  ii,  607. 

uM  trial  ol, 
natic  correspond- 

ii,801. 
•    -. 
\.  748. 
Odjm,  altar  mentioned  in  the, 

rrelKM.J  r,90. 

Offenbacn.  .)..  ot.it.,  v.  601. 
Office,  qualification-  : 


Office-hunting,  vl,  846. 

Vow   Jente/ 

Treasurer,  v.  666 ;  county,  pay- 
abuse  of  |> 
Oeicr,  experimenU  \<\ .  \  ii.  89. 

"•:-  'I pt Celebration,  Niii.  889. 

«••(,,  rman1  i:..  obit,  \\.  B85, 
Ogowd  Rivc-r.  txplomtkm  of,  iv, 

O'Bagsn,  i ;.;... n, obit,  x,  666. 

!i  volume  ;    \ 'u  • 

rati 

htrikea   nr 

v,  60.5;  ix,  680.  >n  i.t 

trictin.-,    iii,    t;«i»i  ;   \  . 

htitniiotial  itincinlin*  • 

7:5  ;    i-K-«-ri 

.-.•t'lMll.     %i, 

•    r    Sli.-rm:iii.    vi. 
700  ;     population     l,y     (-".uiitit-, 

:  li'|ii»r  legisUrtion,  vi;. 
viii.  .  631  ; 

•'.».". ;  elfctiun    of   Governor 
rto-i;   floo,ls,  ix,   630; 
^iM.'iti  riot. 

\,  678;  re- 
election, 

seats  in  the  Sti»t«-  K^ishit 
:    ]w»|,ulatio! 

698  ;     decennial      upjirai.-' 
.    ••,!•••;   lvn..-hing     : 
;iii  hiitfrux'e  in,  xx,  623. 

.  H.-Klin  tin-,  ix,  680. 
Oil,  a  new,    viii,  111  ;  dr\i' 

Oil,  calming  waves  with,  » 
mend 

Oil-burnrr.  im|-r«»ved.  xii,  652. 

n-rtniin  aniily.sis  of,  x,  155  ; 

156. 
Okcchobee  Lake,  drainage  of,  viii, 

80t»: 
< ''!<,,  i,  .  |  :,'.»4. 

' 

is.,-  Swamp,  xvii,  806. 
Oklahoma. 

693 ;  xvii,  608 ;  xviii,  591  : 
627  ;  xx,  625  ;  the  boorm-ps  in,  x, 
762. 

167. 

Oklobjio.  I.  I)..  621. 

(>kul>o,  assassination  of.  iii. 

;  ;  iii, 

669 :  iy,  704 ;  \ .  .  680 ; 

Archbwhop   of 

nsr.1-  :    nl>o1ition 

of  priestly   celibacy,   iii,   669; 

minion  in  both  kin<l 
670 ;  recognition  asked  of  Angli- 
cans, iv,  82;  relations  with  tho 
Papacy,  v,  609 ;  hwtory  and  «!«•«• 
trinen  of,  ami  relations  with  the 
h  of  England,  xii,  644. 

OMham.  Thoninn.  obit.,  iii.  659. 
Old  Ironsides,  history,  vi,  620. 


'''•-'.  Ml  ;  i\.  B]  N«-«   ^  ••)•!,  i..w 
- 

ti..i 
<Hin,  \ 

<»li).l 

" 

no, 

Olli,  : 

Iward,  obit, 

B..  vii,  48. 
(»l].li«-it.  Wybnii.- 

164. 

<  >l/.rv>  ..  4G4; 

565. 

<»ni<liirinan.  tall  of.  \,  :;u». 

<  'int-r  I'asha,  ol.'/ 

'.  p.-.  vol.-aiio  ,,(.  \  iii.  .r>82. 
(  Mnolii:n«lr.  •.  .1.   I: 
ni,,l,-r.l..iik,  II.  O, 
O'Neal.  Iv; 

86. 

Ill,  II.,  x,  804. 

oblk.,  xvii.  : 
.  .b.lin.  ,,|,it..  \.\-\,  614. 

,  139. 
Ontario,  ]>rovinc« 

264.  ;  xii, 

698;  xvi, 
593: 

'•.98. 
Opal,  xviii,  644, 

" 
Opdyk. 

Opol,  .luliu  <!14. 

Opium, 

use  of,  ii,  181.  i:\\i:  iii,  1- 

109:  chin;.,  iii,  100; 

in  I'l-r.-ia,  v.  •;•_'.•;  :  ix.  ''.-IT  ;  .\m<  i 

prpnibited 

In  India.  \  . 

reduced  trade    in    <  'hina. 
126: 

. 

xii,  -joo;  l.-./i^lation  ol.  \\  .  II'1,; 


. 
trafli 


708;  vii. 


;    c-  : 


•'i»iO. 
:  .  8.,  xi,  50. 

'  M'p"  .  63. 

<  '].tioi,^ 

•'.01. 

Free  State,  ix. 
108: 
Orange  in-  or 

ia-t  ].ri:i<-i-  • 
Orange,  N.J.,  xvi 

men.  in  -Newfoundland,  x, 


ami  ... 


. ... 


S5»,  U4 ; 


it,  vllL41l; 


.  lot. 


.riou.  oouittrUt,  vll,  67«| 

' 

II,     .    ..,     ...       .    ..        ..    .:..         •».   ...     ;     , 

.    .      ....,..,!:       • 


OrUMi,  WUlbM,  ofcfc.,  iii.  *4t. 
c».i«n»,H.ii.,oU 

44. 
MU 

U4. 

14. 

•I.**  «r.  ».•»!. 


..    •  -  • 
l*MB*r> 

»  : 


«7«. 

444 

Ml 

«KU»  14». 

« nu  -*JO. 

»«to.t  i,  «>. 

v.   l*«*Mf. 

> .  U9. 

.  jriant  lm«tfM  »t,  U.  /74. 
Oud«,  Wa4iidAU  8Wb,  ob; 


• 


J  tu.  ai 


«'     - 


L. 


-  .  .  •  .. 

v,«C. 

•-" 


worked  by  nunlkht.  x,  414. 


•01. 

.,...!.,. 

Draft  r    ,;  .  K.  .          .  . 

«>I. 

:«•. 
at. 


'  ... 

ackage  Law,  iv,  *S7. 

Ikc  of,  impriMMd,  xv. 
nows  cxpuUIoo  of  the. 


fatadM  anDMi.  Xfii.  44. 

,44k 

0. 

«•!. 

:•<!. 

I '•inc.  Irm.  ^rtrh.  »i% .  441. 


i:±v 


114; 


..obi< 

Tal^ 


,  -.       v 

: 


K.tiK.44;        rMMMr,l.«4;a,cr 

• 
4M.  i«;  dU  44* 


P»lMT,  P.  &v  Obit..  XT.  414, 


.    :  '  .  «•»; 


B88 


•61.'.  ;  exploration  in,  xiv,  «•• 

Paral 

Pnr.il  .  48. 

!'.  -..    •         I.       •  -.«!.:       •         '. 

Parian  Varr*.  viit,  640. 


\iutt4e.  U,  819. 

•  ••  de,  xii,  891  ;  marriage 

ami  environ*. 

o,  310;  lat-  r  dktorbaaeea 

aut   • 

. 

' 

'ark  nervation.  \\ii.  : 
'arka,  military,  bill.-*  < 

-.1  Il..ht«tuchy,x,M7. 
Parker  .  668. 

Parker.  i.  565. 

Parker.  Pit,  r.  »1 

Parker,  W.  K.,  obit,,  xv.  686. 
Parker,  W.,ix.  72'  h,641. 

Parker>btr_  \\i.  165. 

Parkhu?>t,  I  l!..xix,588. 

1'arknian,  F..  t»k«-t«-h.  xviii,  606. 
Parkxn*.  Mai)*ti<-  x,  620. 

Purl  a- 
Parliament   House  exploaioi. 

878  ;  x,  284. 
Parlin  Religions,      the 

Wor  'W. 

Parliament,  the  German,  orpaniza- 

200;  rule-.  .;  -  in,  -jll  ; 

general  a>j«  •  t.  -.Ml. 
Parliamentary  svatemof  England, 

penal    power,   202;   expu! 
5wT  the  cloture,  208. 

Parncll.    C.    8.,  615; 

arrc*t,  vi,  868;  proponed  HI. 

i   K.l- 

mainbara,"  vii,  867  : 
»ith  Mr.    Fo*t«r.  viii.   41 
871,872;  x,  464,  455;  in  Parlia- 
ment. illustration,  vii,  206;  ol.it. 
and  port  . 

MT. 

Par-.pami-u-.  ramrv,  x,  4  ;  valley  a,  7. 

Parra  A^ui 

i'   ^ 

Parrott,  K. 

TB2. 

Paravana,  Die,  x,  8. 


Dr..  niunlrr  ««f.  v.  690. 
Paraoi 

885. 

•it.,  i,  640. 

.  11-. 
Pa*. 
Pamainaqu<Hi*ly  li.<li:n 


..  \\,  088. 

•-.irt  it  i«m    "f.   i.   :;|  :  iv. 
88;  I 

.    816; 

diwxm-ry  nt'ir«i|(l  in,  • 
Pate  749. 

•  !  t-  1  •ra- 
tion. 

:.  618;  and  inv<  • 
•  <G  ;  irromi'l:-  an*l  nu-tl. 
obtaining, 

Knirli-li  1»\- 
Internationa]    <-ontt  i> 
hill   in   (li-rmany,  ii. 
orgatiixoi.  -.    iii. 

814;  to  two  <T  more,  809;  Hur- 
ih-t:  •irivt- 

\vc-ll  suit,    v.   41-:     I'.ritMi    law. 
viii. 

iiiional   union,  ix,  3«H  :    xii. 

invciiti"! 

•  •.m-«;:.«;:  il- 
luj*t:  1-656;      aineii'l- 

;  :  xvi,  699; 
.  xix,  620. 
adx. 

.    II     .T.    H..  sk.trh.   i.   . 

.  M.  i;..  sketch,  ritt,  648. 

Pat  r 

Piitri---  -    in    the    I 

-,  xix,  687. 

:.  640. 

J42. 
.  iv,  408. 

ion,  !:.  \\  . 

Patt.THon.  T.  H.  sketch,   xi 

Pattiaon.  Mark,  ob 
Pattteon!  !:.  I  •...  -,.••  :  .  rti,  916, 
Pattiaon,  Thomii  .646. 

Patton,  A.  H..  '.05. 

Patton,  Alfred  8..  sketch,  xiii,  648. 

W..  »k«-trh. 

Paul,  .1.  II..  noininarci].  xiii,  669. 
Paul,  Gal.ricl  K.,  obit.,  xi,  695. 


Paul.  N1  ..  •_'!. 

I'lUlllrH.'tr,  Sir  .II, 

Pniipcr  in. ii,. 

Pa\\  tii'-.,.  J.    !.'.    I..     •!-'.•.  tii    •  ' 

Painter,  .1.  ll..  oW 

I.    H  : 

ol.it.. 

•'. 

reaa,  \\i. 

,  686. 

•  i-il.  xiv.  i 

Vain.!  ;.*>8. 

Var-bli 

.'•<l.  x.  578. 

I.,  ix,  109. 
xviii,  644. 

896. 

-.it.,  xviii.  585. 
n.  .l-.hn  .1..  -krti-li.  xiii, 648. 
648. 

.  7-'l. 

•.t  |.roj,ri«-t. 

.  Altn-,1  II..  obit,  vii.  • 
Pease,  Joeeph  I...  ol.it..  iii.  • 

'.mil,    sketch,    ii. 
Kill 

..  xv,  686. 

I't-cll   , 

..  oi.it..  iv,  6U4. 
er.  "Lit.,  vi,  687. 
Peck,  (...  I'.  I'..  •     •  . 

1  weT..  «.hit..  viii,  698. 

P.-ckliain.  K.  A..  Obit, 

Pcooariv.-r  '  .  249. 

Pederacn.  Knu-1.  obit,  i,  640. 

PednO.dk  .  806. 

Pedro  :  I,  sketch,  i 

p'.rtrait,  74  :  Hk«-ti-)i   iitxi 
xiv.  -'.82. 

i.  ix,  648. 
I'aiil.  Mbit.. 
Peel,  Sir  K.,  obit 
Peeples,  Judge  C.,  obit.,  ii,  586. 

•  .  Benjamin,  ol.it.,  v,  595. 
•riano,  obit.,  xx,  615. 


am  i 


!•.,  •., 

_ 


It*****.  Mil,   ' 


,   .Ml, 


h"!  xiv,  444. 
447. 


47  A. 

i«y^vS**«  **.«*• 


..  obit.,  i,  440. 


; 


Kill  •  iteiAusr 

SSEr 

tianrtvila*  tat,  U 

iJ*Jimr'i>> 

,  »^          .  m  •-*      C^A 


•. 


\.4tl--ll      '    I 

;  invc— 

. 


.    • 

•  .  ..•    .1,      • 

.•    ii  i      .  •    •  .  . 
.•.i..-.il     tii|i|»iiui 


i..        :.        : 

/.'.'•-'         . 

Mt. 

!•       ..--.•-       i;.,.   i 

I*.     «»M4 

n.  lf  43; 

ii.  AST .  * 


<.,r;. t,-.  :«:;,-,-•   -,    •  ..  . 

Beaver,  760;  married  women** 

,       •••        - 

tional    aoMndnients   457;    the 

Amerkmn 

iialrrvbio: 
Ptmacola,  xiv,  1A5. 

ENarioa  bill.  :-•••.     . 

IV,,,,.,,,.  .,,  Jaj    •     .  i.:  .       N 

US;  in  Alaban 


Ml  ; 


iMnr».ft.i*\ 
^-«-*_  \  _      . ... 

.0  •*. 


other     rowHcmn  w»r»,  U,  CM; 

' 

..f.   l-.ll    in    .  VyS* 

•MBflH  n*   •••;••-.    • 

of  Mexican  and  Indian  wan>,  rill. 

M8;    xi,  85ft;    bill 

vi;.  itt;    IB  QOTMH 
;  teoraeM  -.n  n  .•  '•-•    •    •: 
fniuvlSt.,:,,.  v:::..    ;     ; 


riv»! 


1NPKX. 


4*. 

.  166. 
Philadelphia,  .4»ti»tic«  of.  x,  686; 

r.  m .:    •      .-...- 

Philadelphia,  ancient,  ix,  *8. 

Phili.pin.- 

:  as. 

Phillippl,  engagement  at,  x,  564. 

108. 

Phil;  .  xiv,  644. 

Phillii*.  l-««o.  hi 
1'billip*.  .1  •»«. 

Phi  II 

IM.i:  .  xv,  660. 

Phillip*.  Wendell.  obit.,  ix,  660. 
Phipaon,  experiments  by.  vii,  88. 

pES    ..,:..:  :..:.-..'tir.-.  ix.'.-. 

Phoenix  Park   muni,  r 

PhoncidoHCope.  i. 
Phonograph,  the,  ii,  63*:  i. 
lion*,  638,  639 : 

•J48. 

r.  •-•  Lr.  -.  \..  -  •• :  •  .:-  -\.T\  "t. 
•ia,  xii,  14< 

•  vi-rvl.  xi\ . 

.315. 

Phosphorescence,  of  marine  ani- 
mals, x,  690. 

Phonphoni-  i  of,  v,  88; 

new  •  i-ji. 

Photo-Engraving,  xii,  665. 
•/niphic  camera. 

in.  ii. 
498;  iii.  7 
ix,  • 

•al.  xiii.  4  • 
celestial,  xvi,  61 ;  recent  progress 

xvi,  720. 

Photometer,  meridian,  >. 
Photometry,  new  •  t  for. 

•••• ;  aUndards,  vi,  96 ;  su-l!ur, 

Photophone1the,v.447. 
Pbthailic  add,  v.  89. 

xera,  vi,  670 ;  ix,  346. 

•      •    t:.-.  v  .  ••.-.:.. 
Physics,   protrruMi   of,   in    recent 


xv.  71"; 

634;  in  1893,  xviii,  616;  c 

cal,  xv,  99;  xv  1894, 

!'    '- 
•31;  xix.  6^>;  litenr 

••'.•*:  viiit«3i»;  ix,663; 
S.  «W;    xL  754;  xii,  668;  xiii, 
•89;  xiv,7^3:  xv,  780;  xvi, 
xvtt.644;  xviii,  6^6;  xx, 

exploratiomi  bv,  ii,  330. 


Plalln1 

;•  .-.,    -,.  -.   ,  ••:  ...  .  ••.•_•!. 

:!H]irovrllr 

•'46. 

.  643. 

i 

W.   II.,  xi,  61,  52,  68, 

II,  William  L.,  xi,347. 
592. 

li«j>,- 
ti"h. 

perim 

l'i>turea.    See  Fine  Arts. 

h.  xiv,  644. 

:     1'rrii.    v, 
626:  }i\>  iH.'l:'. 

•Ini.  skH.-li.  vii. 

i:t.  ii.  i:  .  ik<  tab,  \: 

,  iiat,-.!.  xiii,  841. 

I'lL'-in-ii.  in  Alaliaina.  \ 

1'iirli  ''.-Jl. 

I'ih:ihir..t!i 

;t.  ami  noH 
.  ;>tiu  K..  •  ; 

.  tli>oril«-r>.  xiii,  463. 
' 

585. 

ii.  xiv,  644. 
•:i;i.i:f>.  xviii,  661. 

• 

•it. .iii,  644. 
PilMnirv.  GUbert.  obit.,  xvi 

. 
t>f>rt! 

.  "»9. 

-.  X.-lia  N.. 
Pine-wood  oil,  vii,  634. 

Pink'  --'08. 

Pink  i  iii,  ^4'.'. 

1'inkncy.  Williu!: 

666. 

i .  820.    - 

•ions  by,  iv, 
•I;  sketch  of,  iv,  405. 
Piomho,  Sebastian  del,  x,  866. 


.  291. 
•S6. 

iii,  7. 

i 

I'itkn; 

n,  i\.  '246. 

illu-: 

.1,  xv.  111. 

-copal 
juWl 

l'):i<-« 
I'la.-i'l.-.  'I 

.  141. 
IMain>  .  896. 

.  667. 
46. 

Planetoida,  xviii. 

I'lant-ts.  Mi|.|«»c«l  intra  Mercurial. 

•'.inian,  v,  •'  ;  i.  \i. 

_TC«B. 

•  riim-Mt.s    of, 

.  'J68. 
•li.-iui-.try  of.  xiii.  146. 

in.  i. 

I'latinuin. 

!'la\-  »6. 

nton.  A.  •'. 

Plenro-pnetUBoni 

Pliini 

riiim  i.416; 

Plilllil-:1  'fMQ. 

I'lume.   Muj.-(!»n.   J.    W.. 
xx,  508. 

er.  Willi.-n,.  v,626. 

i.  11. 

Plumi'-n-.  K    II..  «.l,it..  x%i.  68. 
Plunkett.  T.  0.  W.,  xi 


IN  OKI. 


mLlv,  m. 

:**.       .1- 


£>.'•.  l»l 

»£****"-<<•<*•-*<  4»- 

7          f.«iv*ur. 
.  &«  »>« 

arfcW     frMifa  j|«m»,  ta.  141 ;  »•' 


v.  *<w ;  .nl..n  .<  xi.  7tt ;     I'-  I  n,  obit.,  L  ««. 

&i»,«40:  »4*i 

•M. 

' 
Ihl  *K il J,i,..»  . '-I.  u';M:,-;  ?x ,.,.!-      l-.-I-J:'.  .1 

,..:  /  \'  :.-;•"  ' 

fdirbiv.j 

I' 

i-    .      • 

l'o!r«,  eoocttiatioii 

. 

i,  s.     Portd  *mirft»,  L  fi 
•f,     |NM»lMb4d;.t«lvl 

.'  •   .    -      - 
u-ikl.  \i.  T-".  H>  Kmti--*-.  a.          .      !      n.  K..t:'.     • 


rich,  liU.  *«»      r  liatte.  t 
n,  tniM<  oi.  IT,  4P  ;     l*«4htt»n.  I^-^i*,  U.  •? 

IB  .    HI  --.  • « 

. 


1*4  i 

. 


isiwr.o  ».^L.tu.m 
«iUW:  «4U,M->;  %.T.W».     Pw.  •O«i  a.  «ML.  ««.  ««L 


.,  i: 

law  awin.t.   t. 

•tutf»l.    In 

\%   w>«l    \» 


nml    dtbl,  H,  T*:    M**r    P. 


1NDKX. 


Powell,  Thorn. v  -.05. 


.rnrcAiMM- 

Powya,  Bi*h 

. 
I'-'.-/  •!.!,..  •  „:.    ..      v   .   :.    .:: 

Pncjr 
Praga.  1 

Prat,  ni.-'ii: 
Pratt,   \ 

.5*6. 

hraoM, 

.22. 

Praiak.  Dr 

I1-.         -  •     •  ....  x    :.  ..-.:•:  xx.  l.vj. 
1-  --••-.  xxiii.  •  •.:;-. 

Predcfrram,  A.,  obit,  ii.  587. 
«co,obiM 


oddre*,  x 


Prcllrr.  Fr  ..  iii,  660. 

Prentis.H,  M  t..  iii,  644. 

Prcxbvterian-.    in    <  a  Ii    volume; 
declaration!*    on    sir 

charge    JL 

dian  chur  :  sub- 

ject of  uni»n  U-twffn  <li: 


branche*.  n  the 

ii,  647;  Hi,  69-  :  h  an.  I 

vii,  678;    trial  J.    M. 

Sec  for  admw-ion  of  a  won 
pulpit.   iii.   693;    hen 

•ira:-  ,693; 

new  bast*  of  representation,  694  ; 

!••••-;.  ::•    .    .1      i:    •  •••     •: 

•     •  -  .     .rdta   •'    i..-.'i.  :;••:-. 
«W:    hereby    trial    of 
;-l  Macrae,  iv,  737;  subject 
of  preaching  by  women,  v,  630  ; 
on  ^ 

v,  680  :  admiasion  of  a  polygamifli 
in  India,  v,  631:  charp*  against 
mi-- 

vi.  768;  vii,  706;  cane  <>t 
\V  L.   MacFarlane  on  the  au- 
thority of  «;  al- 

liance of  India,  77  1  :  quef* 
admitting  a  colored  prea 

iraternal    t< 

iern  aatum- 

tion  of  i- 

cburdien,  vii,  704  ;  KJ 

,    ...  .,, 

•iy  on,  665; 
subject  of  union  Jn-twcenth-  • 

I-     •         •  ;,-l|      ,. 

•>  :  i  \  •  n  _• 

the  crwd  in  Kngland,  660;  Sal? 

.••:. 
t  to  Calvin  in 


.  i\.  '-'-7  ; 

atbolk 

ninl 

.uti-  n.    \i,    769; 
•       " 

arat 

burch 

in    issh, 

-  | 

tnoe,  th<.  ii,  650; 

r..xix,  594. 

..Lit., 

the  t'nit..!  - 

• 
..n.l  It-iiirth 

171  : 

rforini-.l.   i. 
169: 

1 

•i-.ns.  xiii,  799  et 
tfq. 

.  117. 
ntial  Inalii 

!;.iti"ii 

!.-cn<-(^..!'.  fp-ui  • 
iii-ion.  i.  KUt-171. 

'In-  -u]-j>r.'>-ion  of  IK  w.-j-a- 
• :  law-  in  France,  ii, 
804-308;  trial       < 
colp<»rlaure  hill. 

il  dii, 

'.  1  ;  in  lii'i  M-  on, 

IWI  iii 
.Ia|.;tn.  iii.  4'L'  ;   sik-nri-il  ii.   '. 

dor.  ,ip,  ix,708; 

506. 

Presto  i: 

b,  vi.  771. 

phanlah, obit.,  i: 

•  •\.  William.  «.l,it..  xii.  606. 

.  xv,  687. 


862. 

Prim. 

:i  with,  x.  ,  -ee  of, 

Prince,  Henry,  •  08. 


«,  expulsion  of,  fl 

i  ,  4  1  . 

iK'fi' 

i.  518; 

Printta 
emment 

ii.    : 

Mi.  : 

xiii.  i.    iv. 

600,  653,  666;  • 

tern, 

viii.   4":;  ;  as*M-. 

7"1  ; 

•  1  tl.i- 
Id  on  tin-  > 

t|i<Ml.  dill  •'.-. 
war.    . 
Pritc! 
I  'rite!.. 
I'ritrl.  ' 

ohi 

.-al.      See    un«U-r 

ii  \  . 

lion 
860: 
87'.  :  •;«17. 

Probaaoo  oollectfon.  xii.  280. 

r,      i:..l!irl,l.      ii:. 

707. 
.  f.7". 

I'l-ohiltition.   viii. 
664;    1>\ 
men)  663,   668; 

iJy,     C.ti'.i: 
lor. 

:  in  Mii-hi- 
gan,   ."-1"'.  :   in    N. 

i\.  ;  .  in  \"<-rni'.' 

Prolr.'  i,780; 

.  xiii,  795. 

I'r  .|.a_'  ' 


Propclh 
P 

in. 
I'r  i] 


Protection  In  German*,  t» ,  434 ;  *, 

' - 


U,  *>; 


•      \  . 


ftar 


MI 


*la*L  U,«f;i,4*.  , 


rL  TTH  •  ufjLfk  »t^jmj  itnlUtiM  • 

.MvakiMMM  »,.::•    ^..; 


Martin**  u,    in 


^Sfe^JT'"*- 


L.^.-C 

. 


• 

• 


uti 

-:      -    |  .:,.    >;        :.      '     . 


I'..,  -.•    ,:     •'  ,       •     •..-• 


67»; 

• 
•  .• 


i-.  .  .    ,     ..      ..         . 
1-i.ijiu.  r«|.i.Vnrtk«».  U.  S4». 

\VM  xii,  U. 
l*utn 
I'utiiu  41. 


«  OlOMMt 

.,l,-n.... 

.,.-       -      - 


tW;   l«Mh     '  Bill 

,  .-   7.    riohBI    . 

,,'       '       -'  • 

uli.i  th,  »  :,tl,  .!„ 


the 

••-• 


:i      '         •/•:       I.'1'!  '  • 

't«r  of  ju»- 

iormUvn^l 
debate*  ••». 

debate  on  liir  .' 


-4ft. 

I'.--,.,    :,-::•.-• 

Pjrlonw.  rvMctkm  oftAe,  U,  74A. 

•,SW;U.^: 

^itteft^^aM; 


oft 
nMdfbr.  SI;  tr»co»ofan 


l'n;«ia.  «,••       ,    --' 
ar 

..-.•  ..:•••   «n 

4S. 


4^.   tiifc.  «•; 
MMQT  •nkWtvS.  «4. 


attsw1.^ 

: 

,^:tUtoih. 


I*U»«M«*  me«r«l  «< 


INI.KX. 


Hun- 

5)9;  Daunt*  ., 
43;    fir»t. 

,20,   891;   Him..iMj,n.  vii,  884; 
•M  Sahan.  .  899 ; 

1  •  .  ;     in     A 

• 

In  i  .• i .  MNIf 

. 

tlation 
Railw 

|.n»vrm«i. 

engine*  ana  car-.  i\ 

atant-cirvuii  mil  -;.-••  m.  i 

plan  :•  T  a  -hip. 

ffaur 

Raihv 

:  :    vi. 

.ijt    rati-.H    : 

.   •     •  .     .  .     •  .    ::•  m    \'.  r 

anti- 

ciaion  on  taxalion  or.  viii 

:ilit'>rnia,  Mon- 

tana, 696;  va 
aid  of,  iii,  680;  v,  909;  i 

ill,  vi, 
;  reduction - 

600;  burineM  i 

.  I'       :;.-.   \::.   i  >.:  :   in',  r 
commeroe   act.  869.     See 

:       •         ::  .  .  -..  i:.:  ,... 

Railway    wni-i-     in    the     United 

"•  .    •     •  an  - 

!«rintf   the    railw:i\-   of  the 
I  nit«*l  Statea  and  I 

Raimondi,  V..  o> 

Rain  and  flood*  .610. 

Rain,  art ifirUti. 

Rainfall,  annun. 

with  mai>.  '•    i.  ^2** ;  a] 

for,.,.^.  -  '.;  :   %         •     : 

^4J  :  •••-•  r ..  •  • 


nali'  .  .  connected   w  •  t !  i 

v ,  6S6. 

i 

ln-tr. 

tlllllr 

.  89. 
il.  \ii,  890. 

, 

Randall 
Randal 

1.    Sainufi 
Han«l"li-h.  T.  F..  •!•:'..  mi, 

viii.  60. 
Rao,  Sir  Madha\ a.  ..),;• 

.  Nui.     Sf«  ',.1. 

. 

\.  iii.  ^71. 

;..  iii,  660. 
Kuwaiti.  II 

Rata/.  xii.  294. 

Jiathi  if.,     x,     618; 

.  xiv,  645. 

. 

Haw  Iii  i 
Kawlii 

26. 

Raymond,  hatth   . 

Raymond.  John  II..  obit.,  iii,  644. 


• 
RcaleM.it*    hol.liv 

an.i 

t'u-th  aim: 

46. 

Id,  .Fi.lin  II 

' 

Reeite,  Hen' 

.  ol.it..  xvii, 

:     rxHTiiiiin' 
V..rk   Il..:, • 

Reformed  < 

• 

riyl  ' 
«-rt\ 

' 

696;    fontinuation     of   ti. 


.-:    '.  '         .- 


.   !  .a..        >  .'.  11.       .       • 

iti»M*ttoroott*n~ 


Ml, 

, 
-       -  •  • 


r 
•     I, 


'  •      •   »••! 
UlU. 


jJ^w^JJ 


-        . 


•  ,     •       •.   ..     •:        .-     • 

1 1  ;    \veu. 
•ml 


:"  •-••••• 


too 


• 
1'U-mrw  lit.  «.»«•• 

..ft; 


• . 

•JjlT/r.'.^^-* 


• 

-.   71^ 
in«nuurc  «" 


tch,«ru,«:».  Kfc»fe  u*-u.  4M»: 

Ti.  Ill    •!•   Ml    •»    .**t     <'^JJ^ 


k_« 
M  MM 


Urmt  Britain  and  lu-L- 

•     . 


i:. 


.  •    - 
.     . 


iittrrhoTJoJvOM 

»v,m. 


r.  ohiu.ii 


Dr., 


IWadMr.iaAUuk 

(M. 

•»«. 

'.: 


.  "    ' 

•  . 


•  fc»ii^r>  rv* 

•  «*••..      ^  k4^      •  tAr'a       ^i^^HMt* 


*.  «*  lij-jjiijl^tt  IJJlHI. 

!•  iiiaiin.M.m;!^ 


844 


INDEX. 


DavU,  xii.  714;  working  of  tht 

, 
<..  audipbonc,  iv,  54. 

i:  ,.-  r.      . 

i:        -  ...    .  r,..    •  .    •  •  .   .  641, 
i:  .  •    \        •-,!..      •  .  Kvi,  S86. 
i:   •  •  •        ••>.!•,':  NV      i 
Fiaajnli,    Baron,   on   the  Roman 

•  -•    •.    •    .-•..-:  ..Li:  .  x.  '.«-. 
UeX    A.,   oo-emoion.   by,   xi, 


Rice,  K«ln 

.  651. 

Richards.  Alfred  H..  ol.it  .  i,  641. 
Rieharda  collect!. •• 

;:  -.  w.  ,  N!  •  :••..  ut-.  v.  ..">. 

Rich:. 

Richur.U  n.  II.  li  .  r,98. 

Richardson.  .  569. 

Rich  a  44. 

to,  x,  557  el 
i*q ;  water,  xix.  778. 

of,  x,  450. 

>ond,  George,  xi,  845. 
.  .nd,  W.  B.,  x,    86,r> : 

rian  L.,  obit,  ix,  621. 
.  vi,  846. 

• 

Baron,  obi 

ta,  James  B.,  obit,  xii,  608. 
,  646. 

t.,i,641. 
Riddlcbergtr.    11.    11..    <  I,- 

Rider,  James,  obit,  i,  628. 

• 

n-hip. 
v.  Mr.,  ii,  18<*«*7. 

•  .711  ; 


ban;. 

- 


iting,   xii,  714; 

women,  in  Al..- 
i  Pennsylvania, 

,  sketch,  xiv,  646. 

hi*  ad- 
44 ;  obit,  and  port., 

Chaunccr,  iv 

11..  -ketch,  xiii,  650. 

MM. 

Or,  experiments    by, 
rfi,688;ix,661;r, 


1"!  ;    n-volt    in, 
Rion',  Jaime*  II..  obit,  xi,  698. 

• 

i:     :-!    In     M     -   -   .•  ;  i.    ii.   .'•  .•-  :     in 
• ;  in  . \rkanaaa, 

in  N  M);  in 

nnati, 

58;     in     l'«iu.     xii. 

117: 
raih 

unt>  r.» ;     lalw.r. 

xii:. 

•  i.   717  :   in   . 

x\  iii, 
xviii. 

.   LlH.r.in  Illin-.i-. 
• 

v,  Georpe,  hk.-t.-h.  v.  057. 
Kij.l.-v  :.«08. 

>y    of 

i-.li.->.    vii. 
I  ministration,  X,  794. 
A.  11..  Obil 
Kit  -hii-.  .F"lm.  ix.  .".  J  :  x,  55. 

h.  xiv,869. 

•,-i..n  l.y.  \i. 

Ritualism,  in  tin-  Anglican  Cluin-li. 
:,ii.  17.-.M  : 

.    ii.    1".    r.< ;    c-ontro- 
> .  \  i.   I"- :  •  .  iv.  81. 

82,  8*:i;    vii.    14.   17:  viii.  6;  ix, 
10,  11. 

r  bill.  vii.  148. 

MtlllT    |.l,'-li'>||; 

.    lliH-tuntioni*   of,    iv,    805; 
Mi-1  iin|>rovi-in.-i:r 

-liiJling    of 

Rivcr>  •.  xii.  316. 

x,  869,  865;    xii, 

.  Ht-nri.  "bit.,  viii.  604. 
Kizu  T» 

ii,   18,  857; 
xviii. 

\v;i^..n.  in  Idaho,  xviii,  896; 
good,  in  Maftsa  .,468. 

Ruanok  14.'. 

Boob  •  ban<l*in  Mi—u.-i.  vii,  567. 

Robccrlii.  I...  xii,  304. 
Roberts,  Arthti! 

Roberts,   Fri'-l«Ti«-k.  \. 

Robcr: 

Rob 

.xviii,  666. 

Roberto,  W.  rharvHcr,  xi,  686. 
Robertson.  .  xi,  698. 

Robe:  'W2. 

Robertson,  James  B.,  obit,  ii,  609. 
Robertson,  John,  obit,  xii,  609. 


Robertson,  \V.  II..  BajpolUbMlll  ••!. 

•«-!h    <!••,  \  ; : 

Robin 

.  566. 

•VJ6. 

.  •..  .I..-.  • 

K<>l>iiiHon,  Janio  I  .  690. 

Rul.in-   0,  J.  fi  .  r,69. 

.  650. 

IIoliiiiMin.   Lii.'iu,*,  ^kt•t<.•h,  i,  606; 
ol.it.,  xvi.  652. 

K..l.in-..n.  William  B.,obit, 

,.  li.  i:..  ol.it..  iii,  644. 
Rocu.  <  'i;iu_Mir.il  of. 

in    <-oiinn:in<l   in 

Mil  of. 

.xi.  1 

V  i.  T.  P.,    •  '..  riL  «09. 

:•!.  111..  XV,  148. 

148. 

..It  lu-<l>.  \i 
,11.  .Julius  >k,-t<-h.  .xi 
m,   (  .    II.    I'..  i\.  .M;  obit. 
aid  j.-'-rt..  x\  ii. 
Rodger-  t-xi-i-Uition,  the,  vi,  828; 

:>.  John,  skt-tc'h,  vii.  7 

>  re,  Roymon<l  1'..  vii.  l-C. 
iijoniinn-i!' 

Ko.ln(  :..  \i,  698. 

K,  178. 

Ml. 

Roebl  .318. 

••  .  A.,  viii, 

Roemer.Jean  :.  570. 

581. 

.  <-l.it..  ii.  587. 

d,  847. 

•linan-1,  ol.it.,  i.  623. 
I,  ll.-nrv.  oirt..  ii,  609. 

.xv,  687. 
•«,  John,  Xj862. 
Rogers,  John,  xix,  696. 
Bogen,  tatkaoMM  oi'.  \,  :.:,}. 
571. 
I'..,  jK.rt.,  x. 

.  1-_"J. 
Roll,  Alfred  P.,  x. 

-nkates,  ix,  786. 

KolliriK.  K.  II  .  obit.,  rii 
Rollins,  J.  S..V, 

t..  xv,  662. 
Komaii  --bit,  xviii. 


tMttM,  *U1,  M. 


»..  •-.  ..:. 
-.  ..    |       | 


i*te»,   7M;    » 


4Krifi2b 

jgyC  ir.^ii.t«.m.gr;S£ 

iw  uJS  n^i    ij  iiinMin  iiu.  r  L 

**:  S**}"' 

Ints  j^F^-S, 

»    • 

ilVWnrit  Kow    M    tl     afcta. 

.  ll . 


tKSSSB* 

a.Am«.«ML.i. 


I: 


•    .          •'    i 
.  •     • 

.  .-'.,       '  .  .     .  i- 


Bavlavi.  WMBMU  at*..  •,  ML 

i. 

v.  til :  «mrit  «m. 


M     Hoc*,  A 


0». 

llM  Iqr,  itt.  m. 
krt^ii.  Iv. : 

-       • 


inrorv.,:^;,,,,^^!^^^      K.-t.   „     h 
S^MT>ohoi«U.  ::"•".;'-     i:  - '•-.  i^  .•-••  H      Mk,i 

Ifjiliun   oivil-morrijufi-   Uw.  ??4  ;      Kofw-dafli] 

sH-h.-»iMN,Mti;  '  "  '•'••       '"•  '    ;       '••    •    •    •     •       • s       ' 

_^^-.— ,  K.-num»    ' 

Tari   A.    • 


ns.n?.   IH  ;  •''  •     I'   ' 

o 


Italy.     RM^ 
9:"iSir    BoSiir  WUUhB,^Ut..  ilt.««J 

,.  •/     ;;      * .  • 

,  poaM«    !:....>-.'    -    -  •   .  »      •- 
Ko^UiT 
Mdpoi 


s«^I*.P. 
pott.,  xi«,  TO* 


•        •    ' 

Mfca»  a*a*.  -.«.  i^ 

.  <*C.  »»«.  C7. 
to«M«te  •«Ha<«.  *tv  «W. 


Mfl 


Royal  pectoral  of  I^liur.  illu*tra- 

i:   •      -  .        .  •  .  \  • 

Rove*.  II.-- 

I   ... 

i        •     .   •        •      •    «.  . 

. 


i;     ;    -    .'    •    v\..    i.ii , 

;;        ,.  -  -.    :.      .  ..:. 


';.  609. 
rth.  \V.  H..  ,57L 

iHI'l 

TTiiamll.  Alcxand- 
Ruasei 

Itoaaia 

Li:    ii.  ?>*'• 

Eastern  OjUt^tioi 

cow,  70i< : 

army,  709;  Gortohak 

•lie    Balkan 
Mi«d,  711;  change*  in  the  PollHli 

.        •     •    :        ..::'•       literal     r-. 

qucnt  of  Khokati.  711:  congtMB 

•      | 

clarwl  aninut  Turkny,  ii    688; 
Me  Turkt-y;  trials  Of  so.- 

688;  law  about  railr 

689;  commercial  diaa«ter»,  689; 

addition*  by  the  treal 

.U:  1'^U-i. 

news  of  the  oonjrrw- 

Vcra    8awa< 
:itu-in|.t  to  •aMBain«t« 
poff,  744  ;  a  shock  to  t 

:  Ktiulenta  and  Tiil.il- 

ntfpaofRoiia  :  war 

taTurku  ^T«ctodde- 

aiffnaon  Men-.  Hew  of 

KC    Turkomans, 
oonneof  theAttrr-k  • 

on  the  <£.!••-  i: 


n|    t '  - 

•.'.Ji.l- 

...'...•:    •  -    '  1 1     \  -   . ,  :    t  • '  1 1 : 1 1 1  <  i  I  •    '  i  •  .  1 1 

•II  ill' 

viii. 

' 
i\.   •  nip  <•!   tin-    ; 

r  i-Mi- 

r-.l»urjf  BCU- 
.  I  llit:  I'alti<-  ]ip« . 

719; 

n««pir- 

ne  in.  \\ii. 

wit,    . 
Russian  language,  act  to  e0tul'li>li, 

711. 

ROMiar  •  .    tli,-    <  "ni- 

ne*. . 

;.  7. 
I:  .  -:.<!.  War, 

•' 

868, 

Uutlan-l.  Vi 
Hyall,  «-x|-'. 

.  648. 
••10. 
RyaaakoflT,  %-i,  796. 

Saav.  y,  x,  138. 


Sabbath,  (  onirr> 


>',;.,-•'  M.,    -  (MM.   l-;.  \!..  I...M  . 

tch,  11,689; 

viii. 

.  in.-i.lrnt.  ' 

LaUu 

'..rati..li  M|  • 
:M|K»M-d  r:ii! 

:    ,],<>-. -,1    liy. 
150. 

:  i  it. 
.  L7. 

•:    iii. 

777 :  price  r.  tu 
talil 

y  do, 
to  ascend, 

vii.  11  :  i 


-..,-.        .         . 
obit      lii    AM 


•Tt. 


«L  «.  I**; 

MM*.*** 


•MMrfMkvLtti 

^       . 

Mil 


•. 


Vulll 


713. 

, 

ii.s:  x 


,;. ,   .. 

•ML 

... 

|«  !•   t.  v   ;.    .  ••     . . 

-  ..!  .        -       !  . 

UM, 

,m 

^  ...  .   - 

Saiulwii-li  Ulan*.*.      >cr  lUvatt. 
8*nch, 

t 
Ranfoni,  K.  I.,  ..hit.,  xrtii,  M7. 

.01. 

•  Sindior.  «,  lit; 


wfc1 

"::;;         ,       . 

km  I*  few!* 

£**.*£ 

, 


-iitv 

Hi    n>.  •*.*»; 


18;   MM 

•    • 

.   . 


in.  11- 

49. 

:;    in 


iv.  •«». 


war  nirnin> 

v\.   *»&;    prr 

- 


Itt, 
a..  *i  Mil  •w«li% 


:•;:•;.:,      -  - 

s 

8MliCM^Ilillimiii«  «t;^gt> 

>,,.:.  \v     •  :•  .    .    ,. ,    .  , 
v    aod  vit 

MkKi     n 


850 


- • .  i    •  • 

:nvciiti<>n 
>.v    \  .         •.  x.\.  •'..:! 

s.,\.  i          •   :•  .  .    x      .    ;  • 


•  - 
I'  V  •   .    . 

Scain  •'.'.4. 

.  1 '.'. 

.     .   ...  ;i.    I1;  •  :..    ,.bit..    xviii, 

Schaar*chtuidt,  Jules,  C-X]K  i 

:    .  .i.  M..  .;:-••-..  A  ibjf  T, 

85  *  v 

- 

Schar1n<  r  an-1  lit 

:i. 
Sobauffl.r.  M.  1:  :,9l. 

.    \     ;.-•.-•  ..  obit.,  i\.  611. 

Scbenectadv,  -n-wtb  -i.  xii,  129. 
Schcrer.  Wilhcbn.i.  o|.;- 
Scherr,  Jobanm  ~ 
Schiaparclli,  observation-^  l.v.  viii. 

-i^'ix-d   l.v. 
\   F.  W.,  discoveries  by, 

.  xii,  687. 
Scbkanu  Ml.,  xii,  818. 

•»::....•    •.    . .:!'.  M.  .  natal  M:-  by. 

viii. 
flnhkrpTiT  •  f  it    Kinil,  quoted,  i.  7. 

Schlu.  .  548. 

Sell!:. 

Schlei  .  695. 

•/.  i;     -.     •  . .  ..    ..,•:  ..- 

by,  xi.  S8'J : 

•flUwwif-Hofetein,  final  <lisposal 
•      .. 
; 

8chlett*tadt,  cast  found  at,  xix,  19. 
Schley,  W.\t  ix,  29. 
Schlevcr,  Johann  Martin,  inventor 
or^VoUpok,  xii,  794;  obit.,  xiii, 

SebUetnann.  Hrinricb.  explorations 
L  28;  ix,  28;  xi,  88;  obit., 

*M '"'  - 


Schmi-i.  T 

v.   ii. 

' 
-    •  !,.„.,  :<  .  M..  xii.  ::•.-;. 

i.818. 

J  -lin.  ..l.it..  \\iii. 
• 

h  ninl  jH.rt..  xiii. 

.  xi.  699. 

.  xviii, 

S.-li....ls.  iiatinnal  ai.l  t««.   ix.   -j-j-j : 
\i.  •_' ''.:•. :  st-ciilar.   in    lidiri 
•iu-  Itibli-  in.  r.SSO;  b 
sas,  ix,  424.    Sen-  also  K.lu 

•i    .11.  till'.   V 

tn>vcr>\  .  the.  xviii.  • 

' 

.  »'47. 

Sflirt-iiHT.  Ilcrr.  I 

ler,  II..  <-\[ •« •riincnt.x  bv,  viii, 
687:  ix.  .v_'l. 

r.  Karl,  i.l.it..  \' 
Sehulli'.l.  Dr..  j»ri/i-  t... 

Si-hulus,  Jackson 8., ob  I 

Sdiul/.  Albi-rt.  "bit.,  xviii.  586. 
Schui/  .  nliit..  viii,  604. 

:iak«-r.  Hi  i 

;-". 

S,-liunk.  K.lwanl,  i-x]>i-rinH-!  ' 
Ll«. 

h.  ii,  689. 

.incuts    by, 
.  11". 
ler,  K.,  obit.,  xv,  665. 

.  ul.it.,  xv,  665. 
Srlmylrr.  l'«-t«-r.  with  cut.  \. 
Behwackhofer,  invention,  iii,  545. 
S.-hwar 
Bchwarzbuiv-Sondenbj 

Schwarzenberir,  Cardinal,  « 
Schwann,  Theodor,  obit.,  vii,  647. 

•ka.  v..vaL'«-.  v.  '298;  xi,  880. 
Schweinturtli.  Dr..  cxj.l orations  of, 

Schwerin.  Baron  von,  discov.  • 

Scialoja,  Antonio,  obit.,  55.  610. 

Science,  Association^  tor  the  Ad- 
vancement of,  ix,  44:  x,  4 
46;  xii. 84;  xix, 81.    SeeNution- 
al  Academy. 

.ih  Bhajeerut  Rao,  obit.,  xi. 
726. 

Sclopis  de  Salerano,  obit.,  iii,  661. 


. 

. 

&  otland  Fard,  ucplodon,  Ix,  WT. 

810. 

«354. 
I.,  ix,  28«. 

: 

59,  ' 

Scril.i;  v,695. 

\..  ol.it..  xii,  611. 

\,  876, 
r,68. 
.  M..  obit. 

! 

S.-ulp-  1  :   Christ!:.    . 

.      • 

ii,  7  :  xii.   I 
Hriti>h  Colun.t. 

.  14. 

• 

_-  Sea,  xviii,  688. 

ii.  '.i. 

''.96. 

S,.;,rlc.  II.  : 

.   M;n\    I-  .    ^ 

"»96. 

588, 

Searing,  John  A..  oWt,  i.  • 
8ea-eei 

Beaton.  H.-nry  K..  oWt,  xviii,  568. 

Seattle,  xiv,  828. 

Seawanhak  *>80. 

-.-,- Z.-bt-br  i 
Seoob 

.  88. 

tioi 

u.-.l  rjiurdi 

Secretan,  C.,  obit.,  xx,  617. 
Sedalia,  xiv. 

.  272. 

n,  James  A.,  obit.,  v. 
Seed-cotton,  bill  on,  in  Alabama, 


:•• 


felt 


•11. 


-' 


:.  :: 


•  • . 


-,       ..-       .'         :  -•    • 

>.««, 

•tJjrt^wU^  Mrjr,  iW. 


tt^^M^kflhl          A  4  M  A^^A^^L. 

«-J-  H.^Mk. 


-  .  • 
>,  - . 


• 

.   • 


unUinn,  \iv,  859. 


.«6I. 

.  *V«. 


'      - 

riMte 

-jf    I  .*„  .     i,j,rtlL  j_ti 

rw.ll.  ! 


tftT 

tt^^*«A^^kM      ^          -^      . 

HH|  ••^•P,    !.,••«..  »« V^  B*^, 


bil.  ull. 


•*<  '•  ii,     .  r  .   \      ^ 


Serrano,  Duk«,  U,  741;  o» 

ScrrUnr,  1>.  *is. 

:«;II.«>1, 

n  the  Berlin  Trr»r 
.  dufcmx»  with 

h  union  of, 

•Un  vl«w»  for,  x 
dbputc  with  HuLmr 

withltuL- 
7^7;  tmtv  >       :      .  .    - 

mMuicr,tbe,jdii.  r.4. 


. 


•  M.,  inwBtioo  by,  x,  <>14. 

. ..    • 

TrW  dmcm  u, 

',  Helen  A.,  obit.,  xi«,  IML 

•:';"'     . 

.'  • 

bhLLML 

••\£:VV':' 

;:v:':\' 

• 
.Wt.  vttt.*N. 


«^^.|^L    ^^K^^^I^^  ^r  •    AMI 

vnp>«  «• 

OB^V^^^Mf  <^^^^w»   ••*^B»^^,    CL^  VFJ 


SUw.J.  B..oWc. 


!*•**,  «Mtart  •*.  a.  Tti. 
i«.*^«^lftUMMHh 

L'l^^Mte^AMlMjl, 
HLw'Si*'  H*i<t««. 
f8,1f»t«HM 

»si-*' 

H.W?;  iiiTh^  i    te 


.     : 


BfiS 


^    •  •.  •  •  ...»     -.  • .  •  .   -.  ; 

Ship*,   mWhincn    for  lirt.- 
*|vid   indicator.   41" 

•   1«»  for  preventing  «•"!- 

•      .   .      IT;  I  .-•    M 

441 ;  lUt*.  of  war,  and  de*crii>- 
rairc 

\..  .  '    I      '  ••_  •  .    \  ... 


1. 


Shi 


.       .        .       .     -.        : 
.    .      -.  .'       :.  1  ..•••.'.-  .:;. 

^       :.-._•-:   :•  •:  .  -,  .  i\.  . 
Short-hand 

159. 
NV.,  x,  266. 

:.74. 
.  obit,  and 


1 


Shuvaloff,  Count,  sketch,  ii,  692; 

.670. 
Siam,  7 ;     conflict    with 

Siam.  i.  .20. 

-••f  tin- 

oc«an  rout«  :  trade 

in,  x,  397 ;  Rus*i 

railroad,  ti 

•555. 
.  lliruni.  al 

113. 
Bidi   Mohammed  Ben   Ali 


;,    experiment* 


:..;•!..;-..•.        .      •..'   •  r, 
' 
ilhl-' 

i.     .*.,!      •..     ...     ii:      •..•,. 


846;  in  Italy.  i\ 
•56;  uitwti 

:i. 

Silliinan.     1'. 

obit.,    x,  732;    stuti. 

•  *  •  i . 

Uft  !•• n    ;i»l'i 
Sil\:,.  7UO. 

779. 

-ii.  iii. 
.     in    (ii-ni:. 

16,  -J'.'l  ;  iii. 

;and  on,  x, 

•  iiic>ti<.ii   in    lini  . 
- 

ndard. 
!:    in 

I'."]ivi:i.    x.   '.'I*:  xi.    !M  ;  in 
tnil;  -if,  Bee 

Mi-tallurjry. 

purchase. 

Silver,   salts  ot,  ii.  yl  :  rt--; 
from  ore,  viii.  :>•_'!  ;  ii. 
ores,  x,    '. 

.    TJ7 ;    xiii. 

!U«'H- 

617. 

.i.  346. 

t .    i  i . 
.  ••:  :   jpeech.  i.  812,  813;   \.  2S2. 

:.80. 

X.    1. 

.lohann,  obit.,  16,  6U5. 

• 

.  xiii.  652. 

Simi»on.  .1  .637. 

611. 

-    ::.,.-.„.    ki.-i.api...    'it.,    i.    •    !•:. 

.  333. 

.  uf,  ix,  :;i'-  : 

Singh  .  648. 


Sinkut,  tall  ,298; 

19. 

Sinkin  .  177. 

Hull.  i.  •»  ,  .  666.  • 

SkasM.   M  . .  itmreyi  < 

:.t.  : 

Skin. 

\iii,  •}:.}  ;  i\,    . 
BOO. 

i,093; 

261. 

11. 

'-.96. 
illu.-tniti..!. 

M.ivcrv.  in  ! 
ui"\ 
emancipa) 

ii.  _" 
in  < 

•j'ij  : 

.n  Churrli  dii.  i. 
Tin  k 

- 
.   the.   fid-i 

tin-,  i,  r,s  .;«.:  ii. 


.  653. 
Slivimtza,  baf 

,.    II.    \V.. 
.^99. 

7fK). 
Small.  .John 

Small-pox,  Cccley  ca>< 

in  Cana'i 

in  M 
Smalls,  K.,  pardon 


INDEX. 


-          ... 

tot1  ,11. 

Hmhb,  Atttfu*,  x.  141. 


,  U,  Mft. 
iy. lit!  ..Lit.,  vlll,  AM. 


' 


nuior,  rU,  IJI ;  M|NM* 

U,C; 
Otsi 


.  Iiuiml,  " 
i,  Jo«. 

tton.  »kot 


v  n  ' 

si .    ..      :;      .     :    .       .       . 

m. 


•trrx!*m.  tfl,  M» 

,       ..    '  . 

• 


*L  »;•*.* 

-•**-.  H.«C 

•fiTi 


Solar  phyrf^i. 


lUrtf-.m 


/::  •..",•,      ,„.,.,, 


854 


INDEX. 


.      •      •  ...,...•     :     -.... 

-.  x  N.  ::-;.!.- 


•  •!  n  rutaf  "  •   •    • 

t     IK- 

•oo  nude  Governor.  viii.  789; 

,      •    •      ..  .  -    .      .'.•••.. 

qua 

,--•    -.          •>.-,•.        •  :,  -  -. 

,-..-  •    .  -  ••  .    •.... 

.      •      •  ...,...•     : 

...       -. 

tionalconv. 

XVi. 

jdx, 

sOl. 

\,600. 

South    Sea,   Germans  in,  x,  415, 
ML 

-     .".-..  -;    \<  :  ...  i,   rn  .  n.  \\.  ll«. 

Sovereigns  of  Industn 
Spofford,  M.  II.  G 

TOT  780,  78*;  ii,  699,  70". 
Carlist  war,  capture  «>f  <iuetara, 

,-.-,  nd,Ttt:  :  '-"  t-.i  i  >..ix  :,ri..> 
andntur 

i 

780;  modiicati 

privilege*   of  tin-    Hux{iio   prov- 
ince*. 7#>;  rvtir 
a  be  1  la,  7 

•MK.loo   pil:. 

ven»v  relative  to  the  <  'ilium 
lion,  732;  war-loan  an-  1  shipment 

tion  treat  v  un«l  Mjrn-n<ii-r  ««|   \\  . 
M.Tweed,  733:  ii-i.-nmif. 
•<-d  States,  ii.  7". 


marriage  bill  nu*«xl. 
Cuban    loan.    V 

•    it'an 

innurrection.   771 ;    ti 
death,  774  :  i>r<>; 
sla%-en-  in  tli<-  Ant  ill 

trade,  828;    •  \,  nt-   U 
67«;    Carilat    movements. 

••     .          •  -.      .  -I-.;  ...  n  :  n<] 
for  A  men 

trouble*  with  Enirlaod.  vi; 
caae  of   Maceo  and  Rodrifuea. 
761,  752;    aocin 
oivanizatinn  of  the  Mano  i 

rvvolutionnry     inovcmentH.      IX, 

788,789;  : 

drnartio  rivalries,  74 

•'.*  Anglo-s 
tion,  740;  claim   to  the    < 

IT-    1      •         :;  :  -i,    -  ... 

loo    cor.v.  :    military 

revolt  in   Madrid,  xi,  M)M: 
ogniaed  n.-  a  /•-•  .it  |..u<-r.  740; 

'i  in.  xvi,  8O6;  an 
ist  disturbances,  xviL  709 : 


788  ;  poaMssions  In 

-'  '.. 
Sj^arkman,  Janu- 

B|  ..-.,  Hi:..  Bil\,  .  ..i.  t..  \\    ..  ;.-.. 

. 

>],..,     Btl  nnj.t:.....    in    lt:ih.    vi:i. 

WO,  MS:  i...   !'•».   175,  825,  80    : 
• 

BM  IMO  i;.  mm]  tton,  IT,  :••• . 
Spectra,  of  vapors  and  gaaea.  v, 

MJ  ,,i  !i,,  ptaeta,  M.  A 
Spectntaofl  .569. 

Speotroscopf.  n<'\\  i»nu  »t'.  \ii.  ill. 

Bpi  itroMO]  > .  dii,  661 

; i-j :  xvi.  M. 

::•' :  Ktollar 
8pee<l. 

S.  F..  ol.it..  \\,  .r>98. 
SjK-lli!  article 

Spelter,  market.  i\.  4*1. 

>;•(  IU.N  .  .!.  I'...  ma<  »i  -  "\   !•'• . 

Lit.,  xviii. 
Spender,  Mrs.  L.  (Ilendlund 

Spezzia.  ordnnnc* 

."•7*:  illustrations,  579,  680. 
Sphinx,  the.  xii,  18. 

570, 

.  William  F.,  ..hit.,  iii. 
Spinal  ^uiiL'lia,  xii. 
Spinm-r.  I  .   i 

. 

Spin.  :.')5. 

Spirilla,  ix.   : 

Spirit  lake,  miinumeiit  at.  xx,  868. 
SpitaU-r.  I'r 
Spleen,   the,  fni: 
viii.  •;:;:.  : 

.  viii.  7">1. 
' 

Np'>k;i; 

.  r.  Al.!.  n  .1..  obit.,  \  ; . 

.  598. 

644. 

i!8. 
i 

.  "hit.,  iii.  • 

7". 
.  Samuel.ol.it..  i: 

Springer.  .\ 

.  111.,  ii.  ->:$:  xvi.  171. 
146. 

Bpringi 

u,  x,  598  et  *tq. 


11,  T.,  "l.it.. 

i 

S.jUil  : 

n.  i.  788. 

Rtaint  171. 

,-"!. 

618. 

Stan: 

Stanff,  Fredrik.  ob 

Stannope,  I 

1 

jr,  II.  M.. 
plor! 

iii. 

\triea.  xiv.  ;$47  ft  teg. , 
b  aful  ]•<•)•!.. 

Stanton.  Ii 

B 
Stare h.  in 

Star 

Stark.  -I'.hn.  -tatiie  of, 

Starkweather.  II.  II..  obit., 

.  G89. 

i-.  M. 
- 
- 

i<L-(-s,  Indictment  --t. 

•  \\  ith, 

^  -.1 

amcn<lment.  vji.  4'^;  ohli 

•  1  i.f  ('lain. 

StaiilK-r.  Aii: 

• 

r74. 

halel.aek,  xviii. 


LadLtmba 


'  MiiMiijVTi.  MI  ; 
'unrv. 

**, 

MM  •  •  i  -.it.-.  \.    . . 

is. 

M.  tftMMDd,    \  ..   ,  '      .    •  i 

• 


BES5KJ 


'.***• 
«tOMIB,MI»1 

sTU. 


u 


• 


S,,  .. 

JMbi,ow.; 

rfcUtt.  i 

174. 
anil.  J.  A  ..       .      .. 


*•,   TO   rf  «~f 

•to,  mi 


H7. 


"  i;;::;  v  / 


b.»m.toi 


«<*f. 

. 


..tu. 

....'•-.'.         ,      -      • 
. 


,knch  Md 


::•-./'.       • 


n  1 


stf^lhf^*.  Jote  I 


nal,  th 
Turkish  Wai 

•      .  .  • 


xix,  *64 


ft*.  .(ualiflonii- 

Liriuti..',,  fn  Belgium    for 

•friction" 

toftr,  xiii,  600  ;  culti 
•ota,  iii.  668;  commerce  i 
1«»;  tot  for,  v,  94;  i-ult 
Out 

...w  in 
ix,  W>;  tax 

i   .  .-.-      •    ••  .  ,.     :•.•., 

S46; 

S96:  /.-iii-nil  art'; 

•  t*.     xviii. 
manufacture,  <•< 
UA 
Su*ar  and  wine  exhibit 

nan   Bey   >  .    viii, 

••  '."•. 
Suleiman  1'anha,  sketch,  ii,  703; 

S.il  Hi 

.xander  M..  oWl 

Sullivai 

Sulli\  -;s«. 

Sullivan.   .'•  L   xix, 

Kdwartl.  ol.it..  x,«70. 

r-it--.   vii. 
90;  teft'for.  viii.   11-j;  lr.,m  al- 

••-••.  ;  :  '  ;      -    '\  .  :  •.  ••!'.  \i. 

566: 

Siilphu  \.  698. 

Vrchipolago, 
Sumot 

ment  rail  way  n  .     See 

-          •    ..     -   •     \   •-:•...:•• 


Uw»,  iv,  (W7;  Man-land. 

Sunday  Legation,  xiii.  748. 
Rumi  Mtcrnational 

. 

in    In.lia,  ; 
Kaikc-n     anniv. 
xviii,  700. 

Sunderian.l.  Tl...miu..«hit..  xi,70S. 
-  :n_-  ...]]. 

1"1. 

SunaetB,  red.  \.  4- :  \  .  M.  544. 
Sunshine,  recording  ..i.  x,  688. 


.  619. 

!.  •      '..    \    .    .  '.. 


office,  x  :.  ••  -. 
Sutherland,  « 

-     •     •          •     :.     <,       (,.      1.       I.    .     ..hit., 

.  ''.86. 

ah,  "hit..  \i  . 
TuniM-1.  t!  • 
8utt«  '  '-74. 

.  Ih-nrv.  ii 

:i'»  battery,  \ii,  ^66. 

Svenlnip.  .' 

•  I.  I'...  obit.,  \\.  596. 

S\\;ili 

696;  vi,  -M  :  dwwion,  xiii,  199. 

Swain  --hit.,  viii. 

Swat,  tin-  Akhiiiul  «-t.  nutli"i 

hatred 

f'.r  British  intiut-n.r.  7  :  lii, 
.  «48. 

ih  II..  "hit..  i\.  '•.!•_'. 

.  1"7  :  xviii, 

• 
BwMtingHrickneM, 

;   .Ni.rway.  in  each  vol- 
niii- 

ma.lc    :i    mini>tr\.    !'•>  ;     : 

tlie  r"n-tituti"n 

:   li<iu«.r  hn\ 
:   admitted   t<>  the   tn< 
union,  i.  7-'!s  :  railroad  loan-.,  iii. 
777  :  royal  v<-t«*v  and  dc-ad-1-K-k. 

.  '•'•:  radio]  I'artv  .  vi.  v  , 

]>.ihii.-an  movement.1 

>titutional  ni"narchi«-.»  un<i' 

repub* 

thinir, 

771  : 

oft  hi-  IN-.  i-oliti- 

cal  eri'i-.  viii.  7  r>  im- 

:!i«-t    with    S\ved<  11.    \. 

un-li. 

Swedish     quarto-millennial,     .xiii. 
Sweeny.  T.  \v..  obit,  wii. 

46: 

*8,  -  :i.  41  : 


7  Jo;  IIM 


76. 

inl.      ii 


n.-hi)'  ; 


;.>\him.    \ 
i-ial 

land- 

1 

tli<-t.    \iii. 

I  from   tin 
iilcrnati"ii 

. :  the  chtin-h  in. 

Swor 

SyU-l.  11.  von.  Obil 

ihiii'.n    at. 

.  < '"!..  ca]'tivit\ 
Syntheses,  i. 

-  • .  N  .  ^  . 

.09. 
Syrian  macripdoo 

iinn  jaiiil>»ln!iU" 

71. 
Taafe.  1 

ol.il.. 
Tahri/. 

. 

.  711. 

Tucoii  \i'l"ration  • 

161. 

667. 

.  ''.28. 

.  40. 
Taimyr-Land,  iii. 

Taine,  II.  A..  •  ! 

'I     • 

Tail 
Tali 

•;i2. 

.MI  I...  "hit.,  xii,  615. 
Tollahaw»ee,  uni 
Tulinafle,  < 
Talmage,  J.  V.  N..  "hit.,  xx 


TuMOirf,  Ullfe  Of,  U,  *§. 

fisssaat- 

.     ..*.- 

i     -        •     v         . 


INDEX. 

.    -, 


1  ..I.I.   .    .    .llll.il  •:!>•        .V       U  J 

T»m«  xi,  M. 

Tmrt> 

•US. 

T.HIT.  in    Vr*w.iin»   tbMbUe,  II. 
•>«;  KIM» 


• 

•.j  !•  ft..,* .,  «g^««rw 

Tri4! 


dgpMfcmiipili  .H«*:~ 


T,  MS,  »»I, 


T«IT»pb«  M>d  Tii»pfcno««.  ' 

=. 

TrlrtfT»|.h>.    IWMOTMMato    l«.    t.  tW 


.«•;  To*«L 

V^VW(       svtinHBHB^U  ••••,  flu  . 
'Ml'       T  ill  !!•«•,  to,  »4. 


Tariff  Hevi- 


i-  1W; 

L4O. 


lit. 

U.  T«;     Tc,-  t»;«t*L 

... 

lilw^ 

,  1  .,       fHirf,  I^AlLn 


Tmmt.  K.II 


ofconrll.  Xi.  *». 

11    44  •*  iv    At  * 
.   •»,  ••  . 

. 

.   •  • 

8tto  acto,  «•  MtklM  ••  U» 
Ttmftnmrm  map,  ivi.  «*.  «1  »u .  •*«  ^«OJ««M.  I.  T«lL 

*f  ^ M^      H«M"^<Cv         C*^^M^B      ill  fc^fr  •      &^^wA  ^^^^^        *M*    -       »*^«^N».l 

M««  of  .  %,  4*»  ;  Or 

o-          >  rtiMdi  ml     •  aii  n  - 
dk«,  «tt,4*;«^-       t»;          • 


.«4>. 

v  .      •  •  - 


858 


-    .  •      .   \  \  .:.•.].. 
xx. 

T.A.I-  Iiid.-'i  ••,-•' 

534.     ' 

Th.llophx  ' 
Thamnoi.  b»ttl« 
Thankv'" 


That*'  •  r.  .1.  K  . 
Thatoh.r.  ^  \\. 

Tluiolu-r. 


Thav 

CUB,  sketch  and  j">n.. 

".alii.  I.  "I'll..    Vli 

Tha'\  - 

.u.l.  I>r.  .1.  S.  ..  -J.it.  .i. 
Tbelww.  Kiu»r.  i  'M'1  !" 

aitmitriWft,   v,   69;  i 

;.-    at.    vii. 

7.*»9. 

Thokut,  x.  $6. 

Theotu'pliv  .  xviii.  7K>. 

-7. 
Th.-ri:  v,  iii,  90. 

'!..--    r,  !••;_•.  .-.-.a.'.-  ':-..  \.  190. 

" 

Thihaut.  M 

ThiU't.  i-xplorati  '  :  iii. 

359;  iv.   399;  v,   889;  ix.   848; 

•Tu-nlt  accea*,  iv.  ;••':  pro- 
due-  •  loosed 

xiii.  655. 
Thierry,  tdouard.  ohit 

dn- 

K,  480. 

' 
....  -.Lit.,  ii. 

•   ..   \.  .  :ur  ..  ..'-it..  \:.  :•_•:. 

•;.    -.   ...  -i.    «,    -r.'.     II..    \.    ',''. 

IIB»,  Fran 

-    -  «-     invention  br, 

.      .;•.:  v.  •:••. 
Thome*,  W.  II  '.96. 

ir«on.  Alfred,  ol-i' 

ii.  655. 

•       .     . 

T!  i      •-,.  Lnvcotko 

•  ..     . 

*on.  Eliaheth.  ix,  44. 
Th'-mj»on.  Georae,  obit.,  iii,  662. 
Thomp^.n.  .668. 

TbomfMon.  Jacnh  B..  x.  159. 
Tl.  •tni~"i.  -I      •  .        '          :.'•:•-. 
Thompson.  •'    1 


refer. 

. 

•  .  M     .  i:  .       •  .  \x..V7. 
. 

Thomj^on,  Sir  J.  S.  1> 

Tbnmp«on.  W.  M..  <.!>ii..  \ix,  608. 

-...,.  w.  '1 
.  Williuin  .' 

TIl.'IDM'll.    .1 

Tlx'ii,  \V\\illi-.. 

Tli.uiiM'ii.  KHhii. 

'I'll.  Ml. 

iv.     . 

.  r>45;  x,  893,  89.r)  :  obit..  \\. 

no, 

.  690. 
TIiMinx.n.  YV..  inv,  nt; 

vii,  •_••_':?.  y»;«»;  viii.  Ill 
Tli.irin»rt«in.  James,  obit..  \ii.  .;i.;. 
Tliuriuui.  \. 
Thorn  bmvi 
Thome,  Ch 
Thornc,    C.    KoWrt.    «.l»it.,    xviii. 

Th-TIH-. 

Thornton.  Sir  K«hv:ipl.  x.  -1.  11. 
Thornton.  II.  K..  obtt..  iviiL 

Thornton.  John  \V..  ol.it..  i: 
Thon  i..  \\.  •;•_'!. 

TILT-:    i.     A        \\  -    _'l. 

Thon.  .  11  o.  in. 

Thoi  \i-u-h.  iii.  788. 

Tlior\\iil.l-cii  inii^.-uti).  :. 
Thouh-t.  M.  .1..  \i 
Th«iii-:iii.l  I-laii.l-.  tin-,  vi.  838. 
09«. 

in.  -if  .n.   .1.   \\  .. 
80S. 

IL  II.  .  obtt, 

Thin-!. 

Thuku-t  (I'itlio/; 

Tliun<l«-i>t'.nn-. 

Thuoii 

Thurn.  ;  .   A     <  ...        •     .>    . 

Tbondftj  Islun<l.  I'ortific.l.  \.  »;i. 
Thont 

Thur-' 

Thur  .'.'. 

.  x,  80,  81. 
Th  winir.    Kdward    PayH>n.    ol.it.. 

xviii. 

Thymol  a*  an  at:' 
Thyroi 

Th>roi<l  tfland.  tin-,  x,  696. 
Tiberias 

Siti-.n   in. 


volt  in.  xvi,  818. 

..and.  Adolf.  >k«-t<-h.  i. 

n  water  ancly-i*.  iii.  •.«!. 

rra,  v,  298. 
rr:ff.  iv.  «:«».  640. 
Tiffin,  Ohi.. 

war  in.  xviii.  1  ;  Italian  ad- 


Till.u.  .  :J38. 

:..  i.  «;a5. 

n,  Samuel  .1..  -krt.-h  in 
trail 

M 

Tillain 
illiiM 

' 
Tilt. .IK  .lolm  lioli 

Timlow.  <i.  \\  .. 

Timoftki,  i,  828. 

Timor  l>hmd.  n-\..lt  \< 
Tin.  all-.\>  of.  i\ 

of.     \ 

:   xiii.  526; 

\\i.  :.l":  \\iii.  -I-:: :  di-.- 

' 
Tindull.  A. lmiral.ol.it.. 

.  115. 

Tin-jilatf  lndu>try.  xviii.  717. 
Tintiniuthiiliim.  \: 
Tintometer,  xvi.  71". 
Tii-poo  Tip.  .  -J.M. 

Tirard  cal.in.-t.  tl.- 
Tirnrd   mii:i.-try.  fall  of.  xiii,  845; 

xiv. 
Tirar.l.  I'i-  I 

viii.  i.it..  xviii. 

Tirhakah.  K'IIIL'.  i 

Tiadell,  N. 

.  K-.loman.  i\.  70;   xii.  ."d . 
Tithe 

Q 

Titian.  -al«'  "f  a  ] 

.ol.it..  ii.'  til-j. 
T.-ad-t.H.NjuKl  M 

T"l'a<-<-",  i-..iniiji  i-cc  in.  iv.  17"  :  i-ul- 
ti\;r 
lion, 
many. 

4i..  ii. 

T-Kld.  I.cmiH-1,  ol-i- 

n,  I  .  I  .  i  .  7l«;: 

oliit.  an«l  :  7f,l. 

.    l.attlr.    i\. 

' 

Toll.  Jtar.,1,   ! 

i,  187; 
wat«  r 
Tollei 

Toloachi  plant,  the.  viii,  538. 

xi,  4  709. 

Ton,-  MI. 

Tommasi.  ^ 

:  iiumh.  ohit..  viii,  696. 


-•-. 


:  ; 


.  • 


,.     . 

Too-i 

. 


.-n   f.   •   I   ral.    • 


*  «y.;    u 

,     .... 


In,  81, 

.-• 
...-. 


•          •    '  ;  -  - 

iilP'':' 

!;::;.. vv.-::,.  ;  •. 


i  ....' 

lao;  view 


-t  nn.fr  r.  x 

'!       ' 

111. 


*i.  ij* 

5r,J5* 

K 


T^TSS: 


MMlf>» 


. 

i   "••'. 

TiwpMi  .oito,  in  I1U»4*,  T.  m. 

-   lLuk.,u44l..t 

.  Wt. 

- 


'I      - 


•I      •  .•,.  -.   :: 


... 


• 
• 


•*. 
ATt. 


Tm.l,-  IDMMeil,  ^      V  .  v.   . 

1  r.»«l«  -«i.i.l.tr».  \.  ••{•,. 

Tmi... 

i.*)7;rmil- 

\ 


',:-.    ,    H     H 

Tnk.KM,,..  x 

:«.  bMt  i: 

.  . 

pHfMitrfi  in,  801 ;  ^^  Ml ;  nftf. 

TW 

-  '• 

81C 

T«L 


WHtoMtfLHMH^LMi, 

TiSJSllL"' 

_**M**>^  *Wu  4Mu 


*.B1I,«4» 

'  ».  ««L    : 

M»an 


Tnu>' 


:,    ' 


.  .  n,rv...  «>  ,,. 


Tc 

.   . 

T         •    M 
Tmllr.  lie. 

JL^f±     %4|    VK 

' 

TnJl 


TnuwvMl  R«puhlic,  w»r  in. 

•MODMion    '  •    "        I':  '  -'     i 

•HMk. 

M ;  M-tt  lentcnu  88,  >&9 ;  tnmbk* 

in.  N 

T«p*ni.  obit 
^ 
.  } 


•' 
•      • 

'  '  ' 


rite  oCMKiMl.lt.  94. 


. 


6*0 


Turns 
4M. 

.71. 
Tur^ 

,••;  mnj^.  I, 
raliripm  and  nation- 

K:i«-Ul'      I'ufhn. 
Mukhtu'r  I'anha  take- 

766 ; 

..-.i  \ininn 

Httwrki*  ol 

rad    V   be- 

dul.  760,   761 ;    Ru-t: 

•n    of 

768;    army    of    the    I  bar 
under   <i« 

tenegrins     take    Stolatz. 
nuts    beaten    at     M 

battle*  of  AlexinaU 

inaiiian  demands,  767;  the 
COIL 

767,  768: 
removed,  768;    Abdul    Humid, 

i.  -.,  <..-••    •    Snlfa  D,  77'   :  •  •:'•  turc 
cm, 

:!»•  three  sultan- 

•   with 

Ru»»ui.  see  the   urti<-K-   Turkiy 
in  - 

• 

famine*,  669,  «•-• 
con  ;, 

Uon,  vi,  889;  Boarian  iir 
Albanian  1 

:    financial   scheme*    • 
Sultan,  ri 
ahaV  proposed  r 
content  and  H 
Armenian 

tk>ti  «•  to  Bulgi>: 

tan   troubles,   i7 


Ar- 
Ar- 
:*>. 

.•in- 
ion  against,  44; 


• 


actor  ol,  vi,  788 ;  vii,  6>l ;  . 

/c,  x,  861. 

I 

. 

Tutliill,  .I«sc]>)i  11.,  <>l'it..  ii,  668. 
Tun 

1 

i,    iii, 

1 

'.nl. 
.  586. 

.'.  i:..  inv< 

. 

.  .luliu  G.,  Hki-trh.  \iv,  660. 

7'J9. 

II,  John,  on  the  germ  tl 
Ix,  804;  sketch.  (.'t«-..  xviii. 

tllr.    UUt"i  •  •!    to, 

teatart  c-liurehin, 

,  621. 
IM,  iii,  358. 

Uffelmann,  oi.>< •< 

:  xviii, 

I'ldri 

Uhthoil 

1'itu.  .  -'127. 

139. 

I'lri 

156. 

..604. 
1   J.  K..  obit.,  i,  625. 


t  •  .:;.'.t:  n  .  rtima,  DL  II. 

•land, 

' 

..a   «>t' 

M!]>| 

' 

oonstitnti 
xvii; 

; 

und( 

volume;  uimy 

. 

linan«-i->,  ^ 

).••! 

:n.  ii.  7t^  :    >il\cr  bii.. 


:iimi>hi'Hi.    . 

in  ti 

:,irui;t«T.  >"• 
the  ' 

:      Cliiiu-rtf 
on    i 

rctluc- 

760  ;  trouble  w 

puny  act,  764;  the  fiaheri 
,-ka.  x.  76.'. 

case, 
825  : 


IV   . 


•ad  «r.  HI ;  Co**  gim 

H>1;    rt**pftcii>    lr*ui~;   tttf; 

^^*t     "^ »       ^MHV^B^^ 


t  : 


rat. 


-   -- 

Onitou  HtalM  KloMtce*.  »  •cf«nue 

Stated  W<  rki  ••         . 


i.«9: 


-niirv    MMN4«ti. 

«akMHi.  HI  tit. 

I'ninuo.  \i:i,  •-•»  ;   \ 


U*M|  4.  41    • . 

•    |       :.'.       T    ...  : 


; 


issaz&tZm. 
y±fttaaAilVc 


; 

VmmJt 


riii,  M7. 


•       v 

CWv*.  II.  P..  .4i.i..  tTt,  « 

Mk.tt.1W. 


\       »l    r» 

' 

«•    H..    oUU     %. 

Ǥ-. 


«.  II..  U» 


\      :     .     :         ' 

Van 


Van  <kr  Uovvvo.  l^i»K  x,  «*- 

V.iulcn-. 


117. 


cul 


- 
Van   l»,ck 


MO.at* 


••    • 

!.--»-      II      J    .    t     i.    <*1 

««Mfa«,tt.f7X 

ft. 


.n  WkfcK  H. 


H.  ••: 


INDF.X. 


miu'ra- 
untralian  UilM  law, 

7  -v»  ;    tl'W|KT- 


36. 

/sketch,  viii,  815. 
.,  x,  863. 


ol  II.  i; 

irry.iii.  4^:  att<-n  \>l 


Victoria  Nyanza,  mission  at,  iii, 
Victoria,  province  of,  xx,  67.  See 
Victoria  Station.  •  ..*.  i\. 

VW1U-.  x.  i:.i.  154. 

Vienna,  fire  in.  iv.  51  ;  vi. 
opera-house    and    cathedral,   ii. 
58,  69 ;  riots  in,  xiv,  61. 

v  ..  ,\-.  ii.. ;  -.  Hour.  •  '>'•..  \  L  i;i'T. 

,8. 
te,  x,  845. 

.      . 

Village*,  anden'. 
Villers-Stuart,  ll   W.,  obit,  xx, 

anal.  In.).,  xvii.  120. 
it.  <'..  ilsm-  .v,  rv  l.\.  iv,  75. 

t,t,  Edward,x,311. 
Vincent,  M.  A.  F.,  obit.,  xii.  618. 
Vine*.  8..  experiment*  by,  iv,  86. 

-..-    ;  ••.:•.  ••  -.  ' 

.  Mary,  intuit  to  • 

rv  volume ;  con- 
stitutional ainendmenta,  L  800; 
stationing  of  troop*  at  Peters- 
tmw.LjeOO.  801 ;  sympathy  with 

•     •  ...-.:    ••••-••    • 

iatar  law,  if,  758 ;  the  State  debt, 

iv,  842,  848,  844; 

><*;  decision  under  Ue  civil- 

•      :: 

at  partyTiv,  848,  844  ;  colored 
juror  question,  845;  the 
ernor's  veto  of  the  repudiation 
hill. 

8S8,  8*9;  election  riot 
816 :  act*  pawed  over  the  veto, 
ix,  797  :  bond  caaea,  x,  268 ;  the 
..v*t<-r  ii.TT.  -•.     .  w:  :  •  ipnla. 
Don,  xrt  847,  and  xvi,  859 ;  coun- 


188. 

Count  I.i. 

ico, 

Vitu.  Aiiiru>tv.  •  ^7. 

.  578. 
Vivisection,  n-.Milati'HiH,  \,  860;  to 

V&tellv.  II.  I :  .588. 

the  irruiul,  office  of,  abol- 

i'.-llio.  pnla.- 

.-.  William.  ..Lit.,  \i.  7«C,. 
Voefftlin.  \N .,  ol.it 

II.  ( '.,  <.l»s<Tvatinn>  liv.  \  ii, 
87 ;  star  catalogue  hv ,  v  i  i  i 

i.  808; 
.  \\.  «;-ji. 
physiology  of  the,  viE 

Volapfik,  xi'. 

VoK-an'u-  cni|'tio!  \5.  ii. 

26W:  :i  I'atajfnnia.  iii. 

865;  of  Ktrni.  iv.  :,L'7:  in  K«-ua- 
tl«»r,  vi,  :;:;!  ;  of  Kmkatoa  and 

in     Hawaiian    Man.! 

atmospheric  <-i! 

.i.  582:  of  M"in»- 
tombo,  xi,  66,658.    See  1 
quakcH,  etc.,  viii,  284. 

noes,  ix,  88'.'.  641;  xiv.  559; 

•!v«l  cdurt.   xi.  •_". 

8»8;  Jorullo,  Uloatration, h* , 611  : 

•iia-jaina.  xii.  :',!  1  . 

. 

.  1«>. 
mar,  Wilhelm,  obit,  xii,  W9. 

.  599. 

Volkliurt,  Willu-lni.  ..Lit.,  i.  644. 
Vnlkinann.  A.  \\  ..  "l,i-..  ii.  <U8. 

r.,dbk,  i.  644. 
.  A.,  reaeai 

Volta,  sources  of  the,  xii,  805. 
Mk.  \.  848. 

'». .i.626. 
674. 
687. 

\viii,  674. 
759. 

.  Albrecht  dc.  xi,  843. 
Vuii..  v.  x,868. 

Vulcaoiust  K.,  h«.  i 
Vulkovitch  iiiunu-r.  tin-,  xvii.  71. 
Vulpiaii,  E.  ¥.  A.,  obit.,  xii,  689. 

Wabash,  iin  .354. 

WTachteUTheodor.obit.,  rviii.688. 

Wa.-k.TMa.'.l.    I'..  OHt..  ii.  6li 

Waco.  Texas,  xvi,  178. 

Wadat,  vi, 

Vi*\  obit.,  xx.  599. 

Waddinffton,  Joshua,  obit.,  i,  644. 

Waddinjrton,   W.   11.,   sket 

820 ;  Cabinet,  iv.  886  ;  ix.  290. 
Wade,  B.  F.,  sketch,  iii,  825. 
Wade,  Sir  .  xx.  622. 

K.  1'.,  obit.,  rv-i,  660. 


.660. 
(58. 

l»4. 

\\   .    M,  i.  \l     : 

«?04. 

i-.. a- 1      lai 

Wal.ala.  .it.,  ii,  618. 

.  586. 

Wlte,    M.     i:  .'       .-  :.-l  .    N   :.    -:l  : 
taipu  M..U.,'. 

. 
Wai.iH.  Micl.ad.  reroH 

Miiont.  xvii 
Wal.i- 

NVal',  ,"1. 

NVal.i-  771  ; 

Wal.lr.trin.    M..    \ 

Wah-nn.  in\niti.-ii-..  ii,  588. 

.  600. 

Walk. 

Walker,  (u-ortre.  .  656. 

Wall,.  :  .  051. 

Walk. 

Walk.-r.  .J.-nati.an.  ..».it..  iii. 

Walker,  .loini  «...  obit., 

Walker,  .1.    : 

Wall,  u  iiiv-.-  .486. 

I 
Walla. •«..  .1..  invi-ntion  »,\  .  i.  '.M. 

Wai,  591. 

Walla.-.-.    W..    it: 

Walhu-e.  Win.  Hoss,  obit.,  vi,  689. 
Wai 

Wa!l-.l«-«-urati..n.  k 
Wall.  r.  LD 
Waller  ««- 

Wallin  r.G.  W., 
Wall! 

Walln-  .  644. 

k.  Sir  Kol- 

478. 

455. 

'..  xx,  600. 

Wai -he.  W.  II..  'M. 

Walter,  John,  oh: 

Walt,  r.  M..  wr.rk  of.  x.  332. 

wai-  -;o5. 

Waltham,  Ma*.*. 


. 


u  m 


>.  M  •     • 

.11*. 


IM.     W^r.Wtfi^lC^ 


'    • 


•     - 


\V.rn-n,  II 

Wmrrii  . 

• 

\v 


Jill <i. 

SSSSP* 


' 


wedth 

:•; 
bheriw,    Ttt; 

-00; 


864 


•.'.   •  •       . 

V. 


\,    •  :    i:  . 


Wc*tmin»Ur  II  .  >  at.  x, 

;    ; 
Wcrtnvm-!.. 

Werton.    I...    invention    l.\  . 

.  :    v.      :.:  N.  l.v. 
We»ton,  J.  A  .  601. 

v.  .  -•  "•..!._••  .  v  .1..  \.;:  .  :•••-. 

•  50. 
Went  Virginia,  i 

802;  disagreement  with  V 

:.-  -.,  ....    ...  •-,'  ,  rfor  t  .  1861,  lit, 

887;  improven.  Kaiut- 

wha,  887  ;   opposition  to  normal 

•  .  •  .-.   ...  -V..   -»•••:    -i.  878, 

873;      proposed     constitutional 
amendment*,   iv,   6i 
• 
:  estates  of  man 


.  hr. 

on  irregularities,   ix, 
..•  •  .1    •  .    ling.  KM  : 


•A   -•      . ..  J.  "..     :•..  ••.;:. :.--. 
mnoon,  \\  -59. 

'• 

K..  plan  !• 

•      ,      .      .::.:    .::.   •  .:.:    •-:.:. 
-: 

-•       ,     •-.  •,.    '.   .-:. 
Whal 
Wha 
Whftl 

WJinrton,  Frami 
W  barton,  Joaeph,  expcrimci 
159. 
Wheat-grower*'   Convention,   xiv, 

WhMtleigh,    Charles,    obit.,    xx, 
WbealU-y.  Willbm,  obit.,  i,  6». 

^  •  ..-.:;. 

•-..' 
Wheat-lax,  in  France,  ix. 

Wh,,Ur.  Don      ,847,    ;- 
Wheeler,  George  M.,  x,  402,   408. 


:-••..!.  <>..'  .  i    •••..  -.  ....  -•;. 

' 

.  581. 

.  590. 

Whit- 

Whiu-.  .1 

White,  .Jos..  iiivi-ini..n.  \ii,  94. 

Wiiit.  .  088. 

Wniti-.  Sir  Willi 

Whiti 

\Vhit4«  Cross  S«K/u-tv,  tl 

White  H<H,k.  tin 

White  M.niTit-iin>.  i\.  5JJ8. 

Whil 

Whit. 

Whiu-1 

wiiit.-i.\.  i:.  ii  . 
lot. 

5,   a    supposed   tril«r 

. 
Whi- 

laniel  P..  obit 
Whitin_-.  W,  !»..  obit., 
Whit. 

Whitman,  B*rmb  11..  <-l»it..  i 
Whit  .Kit.,  xvii. 

Whitiu\.  .1.    1>  . 

W  .    i»..  "Lit.   aii'l  i-rt.. 

Whitti 

Whit'.  <  '..  -il-it..  \  . 

Whir 

iiL'harn.    \\ 

Whitth-soN. 
Wbitwortl^ 

Why:. 

VIO. 

WicUl 

Wi, ... 

Wi.l.lin.  si,..r«-of.  x.  728. 

tartOL  !I.-nr\.  -.t.it.. 
Wieatling.  O.  B..  obi; 

• 

Wil>N-r.  David,  ol.it.,  xv,  «71. 
Wileox,  C.  M.,  obit.,  xv,  671. 
Wilwx.  J.  M.,  obit.,  xx,  401. 
^  Augustus,  obit,  xvi,  661. 


WiUU-rmutii,  (Ur: 
Ml, 

:'.•_•-. 

101. 

Wilkf.-lun  . 

WiikU-.  I  .  i; 
WJlkii 

Will*-.  C:i|.t.,  expl 
Willcin  III.  Kin-.  "Mi 
Wilh-tt,  .hi- 
Will.-tt.  \\ 

Will;. 
Will;. 
Will 

Willi.,' i  -.  A.  8., 
Willi.. 
viii. 

WiMiaiiis.  I'  '    h.  i.  806. 

Will! 

Will; 

Williams,  i: 
Williams.   .Tames    !>.. 

411 ; 

Will  . 

Will;; 
Will!;. 

William-.  '>> 

tor.  • 
Williams.  \\  illiam.    K: 

..]..    oi.it..    iii.    . 

Wifilatn*,  w.  M  :,  100; 

Williams,  \\illiu-i,  K..  ol.it.  .x,  654. 

Willi;. 
Willi. 

I 

W  i  1 1  i  - 

Willi-.  (ii-ii..  in  ! 

Willkomm, 

Willson.  l» 
Wihnart! 
Wilin.  r.  .1.  I',.  T 
Wiln 

Wilmington.  N.  <  ..  r«-<-t-nt  _ 

Will. 
wii-..-,.  A.'  r, . 

.  >ir  i)..  -Lit.,  xvii,  605. 


%  U,  MT.  O. 


u 


TM; 

v.  in. 

u  •    . 

' 

.  S9. 

•v  hall  at, 

U». 

:..i,  nr. 


•M. 

•44. 

.'*. 


aUanwiMr 


«  «.  I  Ictfi  dl  «t  ioi.  . 
mHno«d  uwoibaioa 

MI  to  i  ho  h*r,  W>;  i«olQ«iml 
won  -»; 


»•   U> 

":.:  :. 


••«MH    W«O.J^*.i 

;^;.A.;3BLi 


'     «        l«      4t*» 

vKftnT 

U  •"•     '•'    '      v' 


7b^i 


vt,4M;Mdmw»q»ntfM^i.|4i  ^         :••;•- 

»?it.  m!  m«iM.  «*«.  m. 

mfM»  \ut9tfj.  **m, 

•  . 


866 


Worl  .  .   Ala- 

bain 

i.    *»*;   in 

- 


\\r.-.. 


. 
I  Ijind.  v,  901  ;  an  bland, 


\  .  vi, 
96  : 

!». 
A.  II..  obi- 

• 

.vnrd 

.  xiv,  'xviii  ;  with  ina|>, 
\%  .   •"'.•'  :   .  .  771  : 

»tate  of  affun,   ii.    . 

:      viij. 

wheat  raising,  ii.  77 

jj.  7^  ii.  ii, 

••ad*.  charities  >•••- 
act,  662  ;  fish,  .--. 
Xinjri  104. 

•      '     .    .  •  '  ..--..  7  -  -  :    \  '.  i  :  . 

Yak! 

Yakoob  B«v 
96: 

.  ibid. 

..9,13, 

' 

Yanir-  i.  165; 


• 
1.19. 

• 

- 

It.  til,  668. 

.li-.ii  in.  i\. 

.  the.  \\iii. 
Y..nki-r>.  xiv.  !<;•_'. 
Y'-rk.  KiiL'laM.l.  n 
York.  I'n..  -P.  wtli 

:.  :ui.i  IIIOM 
uim-iit.  vi.  *•;'.»;  illuBtraUon,  \i. 

in.  iii.  71  . 

.  ..bit..  \vi. 

Mi. 

-08. 
• 

.  ''.71. 
!i.  ii.  771. 

irlea    A..  ..i»-«  rvatir.ns 
by.  iii.  M  :   viii. 

•.ii-1  I'.,  obit.,  iii.  ' 
',  I)'.uiini<-.  obit.,  iii.  . 


Y-.iirit:.  K..  i'\|>l<.ratii.n-.  ..i'.  i. 
.  111. 


:eteb,  \iii.  a 

bit.,    xviii. 
Y'.un.'hii-l'an.l,  Mr.,  xi:. 

^atii.n. 
ii.  77 

Yruu::. 

J.I9. 

Yunk 

YV..I..  ,  .it.,  xviii.  588. 

Zftbrii 

/.../..-.,.  battle  ••'..  :.  5. 
Zakrcjou  -k\  .  <'••!. 

Xaldix'ar.    ]:..    I'- 

-  with 

Xiildi..  i'  Colombia, 

.  vii.  \«\. 

UiexiK-dition. 
:',.  ,;:i.   gritkb^   dT,    UM  :  KTfl, 


. 

160. 

Zankoff  party,  tin-,  in  Huli/:) 


,:\.  •_•»•;:  xj 

• 

' 
viii. 

Xiu-j.  bepu. 

nz,  ..bit.,  i. 
Xill«ix.  .1..  oh 

Xiirliara.  T..  ..bit.. 
Ziinbabvf.     ruin*     at. 

Xiiiiiiicniiaiiii.  Apallnn  K..  -k.  t.-h, 

ii.  I 
Xiniiiirnnaiiii.  i'..  MM  by, 

viii.  117. 

XiiMin.Tiiiiiiiii.  K.  H.  ol 
Xiiniiifriiiaiiii.  W..  ..bit. ."iii.  668. 
Xiii<'.   n-(iiirti..n    ..!    ..n--,    \  ii. 

j.iiriticati..n    --t.    \.    I ->\  :  m 

xii. 

In. in  lilt  : 

.uru'v. 

Xirconia.  xii,  1"'.(. 
Xirlu-r.  \i\. 

X-.lU-r.  Hnif...  x.  IL'-J.  : 

X"  l.-L'v.  \\.-rk  i 

X.-.pil.  dcinjich  M..  ..bit.,  ii.  .;u. 

'/.<  rill:..  • 

X-.rilla.  Manui-1  I,1.,  obit,  itx, 

X'.rilli 

Xorka.   I'li: 

,\  i.  Ivlnanl.  obit..  i\ . 

Zuokertort,    J,    i!..    iketob,    \iii. 

XulfiK 
Xulla.  pr.-t' 
Xulu>.  tin-. 

with.  iii.  s'_' :  iv.   1'Jl 

in  I' 

ibi.l.  : 
Xulularxl.  xiii.   1  . 

map  of.  iv.  !•_"_'  : 

- 

Xnhix  at 
Xun/.  1 

Xu\'i 

•'.76. 

--•c  ab»o 


vol.  r  vi 


/ 


frttt  •  fan  tug  by  3ardi  W  w 


D  AFPLnOJI  ft  C9  WKWYORX 


..J 


.* 

• 


. 


•> 


* 
"  \ 


>       > 


> 


>    ^> 


'.  I 

»  $ 


:  ! 

• 


•