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BIRDSEYE VIEW OF THE CITY

F NEWARK. Looking Southwest.

j^c kr^ovVled ginei^ts.

Photographs for this work by L. Schill, J. Rennie
Smith, A. Valentine and Teush.

Engravings, with a few exceptions, by Photo-
Engraving Co., Moss Engraving Co. and Hagopian
Photo-Engraving Co., of New York.

The historical part of the work was written by
Samuel J. Macdon.^ld, and the compositions on manu-
facturing industries by M. H. C. Vail.

The ink used is " Fine Wood Cut," manufactured by
Frederick H. Levev Co., 59 Beekman Street, New

York. , ,

The paper is loo lb. "Woodcut," made expressly for
the book by M. Plummer & Co., New York.
Design for cover by A. Schlueter & Co.
Composition and presswork by Wm. A. Baker.
Binding by F. Enderlin & Son.

NEWARK, N. I.

ILLUSTRATED.

A Souvenir of the City and its Numerous Industries.

PRKSKNTING IN A COMl'ACT FORM A BRIEF HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE SKTTLHMFNT, CRoW-ni

AND FITIRE INDUSTRIAL AND COMMKRCIAL IMPORTANCK OF THE CITY OF NEWARK,

AND CONTAINING PROFUSE ILLUSTRATIONS OF ITS GREAT FACTORIES,

BEAUTIFUL RESIDENCES, VARIOUS POINTS OF INTEREST,

PORTRAITS OF PROMINENT CITIZENS, ETC.

DE^^K iXKO BY PETER I LliAWY.

ISSUED BY AI'PKOVAI. ()F THH BOARD OF TRADE.

PUBLISHED BY WM. A. BAKER,

NEWARK, N. J., n^ / 9 ^

1893,

BY PETER J. LEARV.

Board of Trade of the City of Newark

OFFICERS FOPv THE YEAR 1893.

Pll'Sl'tiill/,

Vice-Presidents

Secretary,

Treasurer.

. SAMUEL ATWATER.
ELIAS S. WARD, JOHN B. STOBAEUS, S. S. SARGEANT.

P. T. OUINN.

JAMES E. FLEMING,

DIRECTORS-

A. B. TwiTCHELi,, James A, Cue, J.\mes S Hu;i;nc, S. J. Meekek, Wii.li.\-M A. Ure, Rii.i'.y W. Bumi, Geoki^e W. WiEnKNM.wEU,

R, G, Salomon, A. E. Selioer.

COMMITTEES

STANDING COMMITTEES.

Ariut RATION — Franklin Murphy, Ben-
jamin Atha, Joseph Coult, Samuel C.
Howell, James W. Miller.

Trade and MANrFAcriREs — E. L. Phil-
lips, George B. Jenkinson, Jr., Thomas
B. Hagstoz, Louis Plaut, Frank Kellogg,
G. Willis Peters, Samuel Froelich,
Franklin Conklin, Charles Joy.

TRANsroRTATioN AND Rau.roads — John
L. Armitage, Edward Balbach, D. T.
Campbell, R. Wayne Parker, C. Feigen-
span, E. G. Heller, Henry Merz, C. T.
Williamson, George Brown, J. Miller
Roe, George E. Halsey.

River and Navigation — A. B. Twitch-
ell, John H. Ballantine, Joel W Hatt,

George B. Swain, James S. Higbie, L.
L. Carlisle, Walter Tomkins, Edward
Balbach, Viner J. Hedden.

Internal I.mprovemeni s — L. Spencer
Goble, George B. Jenkinson, Franklin
Murphy, Edward Schickhaus, Edward
O. ICeasbey, O. C. Woolson, Hugh
Smith, Robt. F. Maier, John L. Meeker.

Lecislation — Elias S Ward, Joseph
Coult, Gottfried Krueger. M. T. Barrett,
Cyrus Peck, P. T. Ouinn, A. F. R. Mar-
tin, C. S. Stockton, Harrison VanDuyne,
A. A. Smalley.

SPECIAL COMMITTEES.

Frelinohuysen Monument (appointed
to secure the erection of a suitable monu-
ment to the memorj' of the late F. T.

Frelinghuysen) — Theodore Runyon, An-
thony O. Keasbey, John F. Dryden,
George S. Duryee, John A. Gifford,
Thomas T. Kinney, J. Frank Fort,
Eugene Vanderpool, R Wayne Parker,
Robert F. Ballantine, George A. Halse)\
Franklin Murphj', Edw. Kanouse, Ed-
ward Balbach.

Fire Limits and Building Laws — Wm .
A. Ure, James S. Higbie, R. P. Conlon.
George A. Hall, C. L. Whitfield, Wilbur
A. Molt, Edward Heyden.

PuiiLic Park Question — Cyrus Peck,
Stephen J. Meeker, Elias S. Ward, A.
O. Keasbey, A. B. Twitchell, S. S. Sar-
gcant, Thomas S. Henry, James E.
Fleming, Edward Schickhaus, G. W.
Wiedenmayer.

MEMBERS.

Aiha, U. H.
Arbuckle, James N.
Armitaffe, John L.
Atha, Benjamin
Atwater, Samuel
Ballantine, Robert F.
Ballantine, John H.
Ball, James T.
Balbach, Edward
Barrett, Michael T.
Barnard, L. R.
Bailey, Henry E.
Banister, James A.
Bond, Riley W.
Bowers, James
Brown, George
Buerman, August
Buchanan, Paul
Beck, Theodore E.
Brown, Gilbert C.
Bonnul, Charles I.
Brientnall, J. H. H.
Bippart. Achille
Butterworth, James
Colycr, Joseph
Colyer, John
Conklin, Edward L.
Conklin, Franklin
Curtis. William H.
Campbell, D T.
CarhufF, Ellis R.
Carlisle, Lewis L.
Cl^irk. William
Clark. William Campbell
Clark, J. William
Chapman, Herbert W.
Carrington. Edward M.
Conk, George W.
Colton, Charles A.
Cory, James M.
Coe! James A.
Coc. Theudoi f
Compton, Charles W.
Contrell, lolm P.
Conlon, Redmond P.
Coult, Joseph
Crcssy, Thomas

Crane, Edward N.
Davis, yimon
Doreinus, Elias O.
Doremus, H. M.
Doremus, Wilbur
Doolittle, Henry N.
Drake, Elkanah
Dryden, John F.
Durvee, George S.
Durand, Wickliffc B.
Dieffenbach, R. G. P.
Davidson, John
Dunn, Edward
Eberhardt, H. E.
Eagles, Alexander
Farmer, W^illiani C.
Fearey, Frederick T.
Feigenspan, C.
Fleming, James E.
Fort, J. Frank
Froelich, Samuel
Gordon, William E.
Gilmour. L. D. H.
Gray, George R.
Greenfield, William G.
Gifford, John A .
Goble, L. Spencer
Gray, Theodore
Griffith, T. W.
Halsey. George A.
Halsey, George Everett
Halsey, Silas C.
Hall, George A.
Harris, F H.
Hays, James L.
Haiick, Peter
Henslcr, Joseph
Hedden, Viner J.
Heller, E. G.
Heinish, Rochus
Henry, Thomas S.
Holbrook, A. P.
Horn, Theodore
Hopper, B W.
Hinvell, Samuel C.
Howell, N. P.

Higbie, James S.
Hill. Charles E.
Hyatt. John W.
Hagstoz, Thomas B.
Hatt. J. AV.
Heyden, Edward
Higginson. George
Hill, William
Hodge. James
Hartshorn, E. F.
lUingsworth, John
111, Dr. Edward J.
Jelliff, John
Jenkinson, George B.
Jenkinson. G. B. Jr.
Jepson, H. E.
Jov, E. Luther
Jube, John P.
Johnson, Theodore F
Jacobi, A. W.
Joy, Charles
Jost, Edmund
Kirk, William H.
Kinney, Thomas T.
Kinsev, Moses
Krueger, Gottfried
Kalisch, Samuel
Kisling. E. J.
Kuser. John L.
Kanouse. Edward
Keasbey, A. Q.
Keasbev, Edward Q.
Kellner; William H.
Klotz, Samuel
Kellugg, Frank
Keer, Frederick
Lawrenz. Dr. Charles
Larter. Frederick H.
Lehman, Charles A.
Lowy, Philip
Lelong, Louis
Lebkeucher, J. A.
Lindsley, J. H.
Linihan, William J.
Matthews, Charles B.
Miller, Francis L.

Meeker. John L.
Maedonald, Samuel J.
Michael, Oscar
Merz, Henry
Mott, Wilbur A.
Martin, A. F. R.
Jlaicr, Robert F.
Mayo, Benjamin J.
Meeker, StepliL-n J.
Miller, James W.
Milne, Alex.
Mullin, Michael A.
Murphy, Franklin
Mundv, Henrv H.
Olds, Franklin M.
Ogden, William W.
Parker, Cortlandt
Parker, R. Wayne
Parker, Robert M.
Palmer, Theodore G,
Phillips, Edward L.
Plum, Stephen H.
Peck, Cyrus
Palmer,' Arthur W.
Plaut, Louis
Peters, G. Willis
Quinn, P. T.
Raymond, (Jeorge B.
Regan, Thomas J.
Reillv, Patrick
Reilly, James E.
Richardson, Christopher
Roberts, Chri.stopher
Ross, P. Sanford
Romer, C. W. A.
Runyon, Theodore
Riker, Chandler W'.
Roemer, William
Rothschild. Abram
Roe, J. Miller
Reeve, George W., Jr.
Sargeant, S. 8.
Say re, James R., Jr.
SaionKm, R. G.
Schickhaus, Edward
Scheuer, Simon

Selhv, William
Seitz. Cai-1 F.
Schwerin. Morris
Schuetz, Frederick A.
Seliger, Alfred E.
Smallev Andew A.
Smith, E. Fayette
Stumpf, Jacob L.
Schultz, Herman
Smith, Hugh
Smith. William Mackin
Southard, Dr. Lott
Stapff, Julius
Stobaeus, Jhon B.
Stockton, C. S.
Sutpheft. C. Edgar
Smith, George L.
Salomon, W. J.
Swain, George B.
Titus, William
Tompkins, William L.
Tomkins, Walter
Thomas, Lemuel
Twitchell, A. B.
Unger. Herman
Cre. William A.
Vanderpool, Eugene
Van WMnkle. Abram
Vandeveer, J. Warren
Van Duyne, Harrison
Van Horn, Amos H.
Voigt, Beda
Ward, Elias S.
Ward, Dr. Leslie D.
Weston Edward
Weidenmayer, Geo. W.
Wilkinson, Frank A.
Walsh, John
Wilkinson, (ieorge
W'hitfield, Charles L.
W^;.olson, O. C.
Wheeler, Charles W.
Williamson, C. T.
Williams, George A.
Wi-htman, D. C
White, Nathaniel H.

XTI'^OnilGTIOX.

II IC desii^ner, m the- prnjection nt this work, had in view a volume which
should j^jive the country, at an important time in its industrial affairs, some
idea of the relation which Newark bears to the manufactiinng world.
The Columbian World's Fair was then being actively canvassed, and it
was thought essential that the volume should be in time for that
important industrial event. A Newark mechanic himself, he felt a
personal pride in designing and producing something that would bear
inspection and warrant approval. How well he has succeeded must be
left to the judgment of the manufacturers of Newark, and those allied
with her industries. In the prosecution of the work there have been
impediments not within the control of the designer, and there were vexatious delays
which were unavoidable. That the project has been carried to completion must be
credited to the generosity of the business men of Newark, without whose material assist-
ance the work could not have been finished.

The work presents a clear and complete view of the City of Newark, as it e.\ists
to-day, in all Its vast and varied interests and industries. A brief historical sketch of the
city is given, and an account of the humble origin and surpassing growth of the manu-
facturing industries which have made the city great, wealthy and famous ; but the chief
purpose of the work is to reverse the ordinary methods of history, and dwell more largely
upon the Present, with its powers and possibilities, than upon the dim and meager
details of the Past. From this view of the Present may be gathered, it is believed, some
slight idea of the vastness and the glory of the Future.

THE INDEX

QENERAL DIVISIONS.

OF MaNI'-

Intkoijictoky,
Historical ; Gkowti

factories, - - - 9-

TnE City of Newark To-Day, 24
County Institutions & Offices, 44
United States Offices, - - si-

Educational Institutions, - 55-

Churches, Hospitals, Etc., - GG- 77
Industries and Miscellany, - S3-2S0

INDE^ TO SUBJECTS.

Introductory.

Title Page, - - - i

Board of Trade, - - - 2

Introduction,
Table of Contents,
National, State and City Govern-
ment, 1S93,

4-7

Historical.

The Early Pioneers,

Governor Carteret and the In-
dian Deed,

List of the Inhabitanis from
Branford,

Designating the New Town

Newark in the Early War Times,

Political Incidents,

The Revised Charter, and Divis
sion by Wards,

The Church History of the Town,

The College of New Jer.sey,

Rise and Growth of Manufactures
in Newark,

The City Government.

Introductory,

The Mayor and Common Council,

The Aldermen in 1S92,

Various Boards, Commissioners,
etc., and heads of City De-
partments,

Court Officers,

Bridges, over the Passaic,

Board of Health, -

Police Department,

Fire Department,

County Offices.

Judges, Sheriff, Clerk, Prosecutor,
Surrogate, Register and Au-
ditor, - - - 44-

Board of Freeholders, and Asy-
lum for the Insane, - - 47-

1 1
12

'3
14

15
16-19

;i-23

United States Offices.

Internal Revenue Department,
Post Office.

51-
53-

27
29

32
34
40

Educational.

Public School Commissioners,
Newark Technical School,
Lafayette Street School,
Newark Academy,
St. Benedict's College,
St. Vincent's Academy,
St. Mary's Academy,
Newark Business College,
New Jersey Business College,
Coleman National Business Col-
lege,
Eighteenth Avenue School,
St. John's School,
St. James' School, -

-57
57
58
59
60
61
61
62
63

64
65
69

Churches, Hospitals and Char-
itable Institutions.

Franklin Street M. E. Church, - 72

First Presbyterian Church, - iS-19

Park Presbyterian Church, - 66-67

St. James' R. C. Church. - 70-71

St. John's R. C. Church, - - 68-69

Charitable Institutions, - - 73-77

City Hospital, - - - 27, 75

St. James' Hospital, - - 71

St. Barnabas Hospital, - - 74

St. Michael's Hospital, - - 7,1

German Hospital, - - 75
Krueger Pioneer Home, for Aged

Men, - - - - 76

industrial, etc.

Academies,
Architects,

Bag Fr;imes,

Bicycles,

Boiler Makers,

Boot and Shoe Manufacturers,

Brass Foundries,

Britannia Ware,

Brush Making, - 175,

Breweries, -

Builders,

Button Hooks,

Carriages,

Carriage and Wagon Springs,

Carriage and Wagon Wheels,

Coal and Wood,

Chemical Works, -

59-61
36-24S

170
266-267

163
103-107
149-162

152
176, 19S
242-24S
I go, 207

'77

192

161

200

23S-240

164-165

Draughting,

Electrical Appliances.
Electric Cars,

13S

1 1 i-i 14
224-225

E.xpress Companies
Electric Fixtures,
Electric Lighting, -
Embroidering, -
Enameling,
Engraving,

PAGE

220-222
211

166-167

210

- 13S

136-137

File JIanufacturers, - 15S-159

Fancy Goods and Noveltv Manu-
facturers, - - 170, 193

Gas Companies,
Gas Fixtures, -
Grey Iron Castings,

Harness Manufacturers,
Hat Manufacturers.
Hat Blocks,
Horse Collars,

Insurance, Life,
Iron Foundries,
Iron, Malleable and Grey,

Jewelery,

Newspapers,

Oil Cloth Manufacturers,

1 •

Painting, -

Patents,

Pianos,

Photography,

Photo Engraving,

Platinum Refining.

Printing,

Railways, Electrical
Railways,
Rivets, -
Real Estate,

230-233
211
155

log

i7g

182-183

227

155
145

115-128

Leather Manufacturers, -

Lead Pipe,

Letter lS: Document Files,

Lumber,

- S3-102
176
191
1S5

Machinery, etc..
Mechanical Engineer, -

143-150
138

7S-80

178

20S

172

266

229

271

270

130

253

224

225

215-

-219

141

234

237

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

HAtit

Saddlery Hardware-.

i68, 171

Saw Making.

146

Sewing Machines.

2C6

Shade Rollers,

icp

Shears and Scissors,

I4<^,

Shirts,

176

Shipbuilding,

iSi

Silversmiths,

124.133

Smelting and Refining.

129

Sportsmen's Goods.
Steel Works,

Stone Works, - 201-

Steam Gauge, Movements and
Counters,

Trunks and Bags. - 212

I :

Ultramarine Blue,

Undertakers, - - 255

loS
158
-208

154

Ifto

25S

Wagon Builders,
Watch Cases and Material,
Wood Working, - iSo,

Window Shades.

Zinc and Iron Works,

1S5

PAGE

IS6, 222

I22-I2S

187-191

26 1

14-'

LIST 01

1 I.I.I

Alsdorf & Co. .

Alvin ilanufacturing C"

Asylum for the Insane,

Atha & Hughes,

Atlantic Window Shade Co .

Baker & Co., -
Baldwin Homestead,
Baldwin, Jos. , cV Co. .
Banister Co. , James A. 1

Barnett. Oscar.
Bea, John, -
Benfield, Thomas.
Bippart & Co.,
Blackwood A: Coykendall,
Blanchard. Bro. \- I.ane,
Boyden"s Iron Foundry-, 1826,
Boyden's Statue, - - -

Boyden's Locomotive, built 1S3.S,
Broad street. North from Market,
Broad street. South from Market,
Broad street, looking North.
Browe & Son, Wni.. -
Brown's Shipyard,
Brown & Co., George,
Burrouijhs, Charles,

Carter, Sloan & Co. , -
Cashion & Flynn, -
Central Stamping Co .
Chapin Hall Lumber Crj 1

Chajjuian. Herbert W..
Citizen's Gas Light Co. , - 2

City Hall, - -

City Home,
City Hospital, -
Clayton & Hoff Co., -
Clawson, H. T., -
Clinton Avenue and High Street,
Cody, David.
Coleman National Business Col-
lege, ...
Compton, Charles W..
Conroy & Wey ranch.
Court House,
Cooper & Co., Charles,
Crescent Watch Case Co.,
Cummings Bros.,
Currier & Sons, Cyrus

Daily Advertiser, -
Day & Clark, -
Delaney & Son. 1)..
Demerest & Co., N. J.,
Devlin, F. & H. J.,
Dixon & Co. , William -

Dixon. Ldward I'
Dixon A.- Rippel.

;i"i\'.\'ri( )XS.

19S-

|.;4-135
4S

17S
261

130

"71
-104

"4.=;
1 10
124
121

26-,

275

1-1
201

'77

173

1 .88-189

»44
232-233

25
26

260

150-151

259

255

164-165

123
96

73
116
161
109
1O2
175

Edge Co. . The W
Fly iV Sanford,
Engelberger & Barkhorn,
Esse.x Engraving Works.
Engine Company, No. 5. (Fire

Department.)
Eye and Ear Infirmary,

Free Public Library.

Fairmount Cemetery Entrance.

Fairmount Cemetery View,

Feigenspan, Christian 246-

Finler, Frederick

Finter&Co.,

Foster Home

Goertz & Co. , Aug. - - 170

Gould & Eberhardt, - - 145

(Jroupof Leatlier Manufacturers, S3

I 1

Hagopiaii l^liolii Kiigravmg Co., 270

Harrisim, C. H. & J. D. - 86

Hart.shorne, Stewart 192

Hauck & Co., Peter - 245

Havell, George - 241

Heinisch's Sons Co. , 146

Headley & Son, Wm. (). - 214

Heller & Brothers, - - 15S-159

Heller & Merz Co., The - - ifw

Hensler Brewing Co., Joseph 243

Herman & Co., J. F. - 1S2-183

Howell &Co., T. P. - - 84

Home for Aged. Little Sisters of

the Poor, - - - 77

Irvington Smelting and Refining

a<;k

PAGE

176

Lentz Company. The A. -

107

199

Lehigh A- Wilkesbarre Coal Co.,

238

Lincoln Park and Washington

St.

Lyon & Co.. L. J.

163

1 1 '1

' ~7

Mahcr A- Flockhart, -

155

140

Market street. West from Bro

ad.

273

Mayer & Son M. -

204

Mayors of Newark, (Past)

279

Meeker Homestead,

Meier, Joseph -

Merchants Express Company,

220

Mullen, M. A. -

25S

277

Munn, F. W.

259

257

Muller & Schmidt,

268

24"'

Mundy, Jos. S.

148

i;j

Murray, C. C.

256

Newark in i-i/i. 10

Newark in 1S40, - - 11

Newark Views, 17

Newark Views, 277

Newark Map, - 280
Newark Bird's Eye View, (Inset)

Newark Academy, - - 59
Newark Blue Stone Co. , - 202-203

Newark Business College, - 62
Newark Electric Light and Power

Co.

166-167

\v orKS,

129

Jackson Awning Co.,

265

Johnston & Murphy, -

105-106

Jones & Co., Phineas

200

ost, Edmund

149

\ oy & Seligcr, Co. ,

193-195

Krementz & Co,

117

Krueger Brewing Co., The Gott-

fried

242

Krueger's Pioneer Home,

for

Aged Men,

Landmarks,

20-21

Lefort, H. G.

128

Lelong & Bro., Louis

J31 t

Newark Embroidery Works, - 210

Newark Evening News, - 79

Newark (ias Light Co., - 230-231

Newark Rivet Works, - 141

Newark Watch Case Material Co. 126-127

New Jersey B-asiness College, 63

New Jersey Zinc and Iron Co., - 142

Neider & Co., John - - 102

Nenninger, Oscar A. - - 132

Nobs, Charles - - 125

Ohl & Haefner, - - 147

Ohl & Co., George A. - 223

Old Settlers Monument, - 19

Old Synagogue, - - - iii

Oppel's Sons, Charles - 1S4

Osborne Co. , C. S., - - 169

Osborn Manufacturing Co. . J. K. 262

Park Place and Military Park, - 12-13

Pennsylvania avenue Residences, 234

Penn. R. R., Market St. Station, 215-217

Police Squad, First Precinct, 35

Police Squad, Second Precinct, - 37

Police Squad, Third Precinct, 38

Post Office, - - - 53

Powers & McGowan, - - 208

Progress Club, - - - 271

Prudential Insurance Co., - 227

NEWARK, N /., ILLUSTRATED.

Ouimby &• C'l , W. Fred -

K
Real Estate, A. J. Cless.
Real Estate, John M. Pjiiniett,
Reilly, John
Reilly, James
Reilly Bros. , -
Residence of Elias G. Heller.
Residence of John J. Heller,
Residence of William Clark,
Residence of Andrew Albright,
Residence of A. Glutting,
Residence of Alfred Lister, de-
ceased.
Residence of Richard E. Cogan,
Residence of George A. Ohl,
Residence of Charles Nobs,
Residence of Charles \V. Comp-

ton.
R. C. Boice Coal Co.,
Richardson Saw Works,
Riley-Klotz Manufacturing Co

The
Ripley & Sons, David
Robertson &• Leber,

Rosnagel Co.,
Rus.sell, C. M

The

ig6-

235
234

205
206
i?9
159
-11
276
276

274
274
274

239
146

197
I So
131

Sasnger Hall, -
Salomon's, R. (!.
Schaeffer, F. A.
Scheller, George A.
Schmidt & Son,
Schmitt & Co., F. J.
Schuetz,&- Son, Charles
Siedenbach, M.-
Simon & Bros., Edward
Smith, Hugh
Smith & Sons, L M.
Springfield avenue.
Star Heel Plate Co., -
State Banking Company.
Star & Co., W. L.
Steam Yacht Duplex,
Steffens & Co., A. T.
Stone, Thomas and G. M.
Strauss, Moses

P.^GE
269

190

249

9S
120
1S5
147
IlS

94
224
209
226

174

181

168

136-137

Toler, Sons &■ Co.
Town Talk,

John

ilb-

157
So

P.^GE

Traud, Alexander - - 153

Trier, Reuben - - 87

Tucker Letter and Document F'ile

Company, ■ - 191

Ultramarine Blue Works, - 160

United States Credit System Co. , 22S-229

Washington Place and Washing-
ton Park, - - - 51
Washington Street and Park, 14
Weston Electrical Instrument

Co., - - - 111-114

Weston's Private Labratory, - 112
Weidenmayer's Newark City

Brewery - - - 244

Winters, C L, - - - no

Witzel cV Co , H. P. - - 97

Yates, Wharton & Co., - 179

Zahn Leather Co., The William loo-ioi

Zusi, Edward

162

Alsdorf, E
Astley, William C.
Atwater, Samuel -

Baker, Henry R.
Baker, S. R.
Baker, Wm. A.
Baldwin, A. A.
Baldwin, Joseph
Banister, James A
Barkhorn, Wm H.
Barr, Thomas C. -
Barrett, Michael T. -
Bassett, Allen Lee
Bein, E. J.
Bell, John S. -
Bertram, John J. -
Bippart, A.
Blanchard, Noah F.
Boyden, Seth
Brady, Rev. J. Boyd,
Bradley, Daniel
Brown, William H.
Brown, George

C
Cahill, Owen A.
Cashion, Richard
Cavanagh, Thomas l-".
Chapman Herbert W.
Christie, James
Clark, A. Judson, Sr..
Clark, A. Judson, Jr ,
Clark, J. II.
Clark, William A.
Clark, Jacob
Clark, Joseph
Clawson, H. T.
Clawsou, C. C.
Clayton, C. C.
Cody, Rev. P.
Cogan, Richard E,
Coleman, Henry
Compton, Chas. W.
Condit, H. C.

42
Si

41
80
So
1S9
171
104
1S7

224,

191

121

139

.237

201

47
90

144

. 191

207

>50

150

260

255

191

LIST OK HORTRAITS.

V\(.V.

Conroy, John F. - - 93

Conklin, Edward L, - - 53

Connolly, Arthur - - - 23O

Contrell, John P. - - 56

Corbitt, Michael - - - 39

Corbitt, William - - 32

Corish, Patrick H. - - 210

Courleander. B. Jr., - - 217

Coulter, W. F. - - - 263

Crane, Elvin W. - 44

Crane, S. O. - - - 192

Craig. A, K. - - - 139

Cummings, Bernard - - 96

Cummings, John ■ - 96

Cummings, James - - 96

Currier, Cyrus, vSr., - - 143

Currier, Osceola - - - 36

Daly, Dr. J. J. - - 52

Daly, William P. - - . - 39

Dejong, Solomon ■ - 46

Delaney, Daniel - - 161

Delaney, John M. - - - 161 '

Demarest, N. J. - - 109

Demarest, Daniel - - 109

DeVausney, Marcus L.. - - 43

Dill, Dr. D. M. - - 52

Dilly, Henry - - -36

Dixon, Edward - ■ 176, 19s

Dixon, William - - - 175

Dougherty, Henry J. - - 65

Drake, Oliver - - - 172

DuBois, J. A. - - - 267

Duncker, Frederick N. - 253

Dunn, Edward • - - 33

Dusenberry, John B. - - 45

Eastwood, Evan - - - 120

Edge, William C. - ■ 119

Egbert, William V. - - 210

Ely. John II. - - - 34

Euderlin, Fredinand - - 264

Enderlin, Fredinand, Jr. - - 264

'1 English, Dr. Thomas Dunn - 47

1 Engelbergcr, Fred ■ - 1S7

Faitoute, J. B.
Farrand, S. A -
Feigenspan, Christian
Fiedler, William H. F
Finter, Frederick
Finter, Frederick -
Finter, William F.
Fleming, James E.
Flockhart, James -
Fly tin, Thomas
Freeman, William H.
French, Rev. J. Clemment
Furman, John A. -

Gallacher, Thomas
Geissele, Hugo J.
Gerth, Theodore J.
Gleason. H. P.
Gless, A. J.
Glori, Charles -
Goble, William li
Goertz, August
Grebe, Ferdinand
Gwinnell, John M.

Hagstoz, T. B.
Hall, George A. -
Harrison, J. D.
Ilauck, Peter -
Haussling, Jacob
Havell, George
Hayes, Howard W.
Haynes, Mayor Jose])h E.
Heath, John J.
Heinkel, George
Heller, EHas M.
Heller, Frederick -
Henderson, Joseph
Hensler, Joseph
Herman, J. F.
Hine, Edwin W.
Hines. A. R.
Hinckley, Livingston S.

P.XGE
252

59
24S
22S
152
1 86
186
,238

155
90
57
67
34

252
45
197
106
235

39
207
170
261
253

122

86
245

44
24:

25
loS

:9.15s

160

31
243
I S3

46
254

TABLE or CONTENTS.

Holbrook, Alexander V
H<K)d, Charles.
Hooper. Irvin (I.
Hopper. B. \V.
Hopper, Henrv
Howell, T. I'. '
Huegel. John
Hunkele. John
Hunt. John O.
Harrison, C. II

Iffland, John
111, Henrv,

Jackson. J. Wesley
Jamouneau. William II.
Janes, Dr. John V..
Johnston, James
Jost, Edmund
Joy, Charles

Kalisth, Abntr
Kalisch, Leonard -
Kaas, Adam
Kellog, Frank
Ketcham, Georj;e W
Kierslead, Robert
Kiunard, lhii.;h
Kinney. T. T
Kienle. A.
Kleinhans. Jatoh
Klemm. Henry C
Klt>t7,. Samuel
Kraemer. Dr. C. II.
Krutt.sehnilt. Ci. A
Kubler, Albert I
Kruej;er, (iotlfried.
Krueger, John F.
Krueger, Gottfried C.

253

Miller, Phillip -

Milne, Alexander

.24S

Moran, James -

2 \ '■

Morrison, W.

Morns. William F

MuUer. Charles

Mullin, Peter M.

Mulvey, Martin.

Mundy. Joseph S.

Murray. C. C.

=4^

I --4
<'5
106

141

I'M

5'
49

16S
i7f.

4'J
42
41
7.S
121
1^4

'•■5
"4T
140
242
242

Lacey, Samuel P.

253

Landmesser. Charles

i<3

Large, George H.

Larue. George H.

-'*

Lawshe. Lewis 11

221

Lawshe. Theodon

-21

Leary. Cornelius

-!'>

Lefort, Henry -

12-'

Leibe, Henry L.

i.U

Lenz. August -

107

Linnett. Thomas.

J'-

- 176

Lister, Alfred

2~2

Little. Henry M.

13S

Loeffler, Henry

'37

Long. Charles K.

2(J(J

Lovecraft, F. A.

122

Lowy, Philip

Macknett, Morris

). -

211

Maher, lidward

3<>. 155

Mathews, Charles

H. -

220

Maxwell. C. W.

202

Maver. M.

204

Mayer. M. -

204

Maybaum. L.

22.S

McDonald, J. K.

122

McCJlynn, Hugh

McGregor, Austeii

219

McGregor, John

21S

McKittrick. James

McManus, Andre\

■J.

Meier. Joseph

Merz. Henry

160

Miller. C. T.

f>3

Xadler. Dr. Henry G.
Xeider. John
Nichols. Thomas
Xi.liv Charles &■ Sons

1 1 I, Dunor. William 1".
Ohl, George A.
0|)i)cl, August T
< )ppel. Berthold
O'Rourke. William J
Otis, William F. -
Otto, John

1 •

Park. Charles
Pell. Charles II.
Pell.). Frank D. -
Pemberton, Samuel II.
Pfeil. Charles
Philijipson. Julius.
I'lumb, D. S. -
Poels. Rev. J, P
Pollock. Thomas II
Powell. Joseph
Price. Louis M.
Prieth. Louis A

( )

yuinn, P. T

Rabenstein. George
Rabone. William L.
Reillv. James.
Rcillv. John
Reill'y. John K.
Reilly. Thomas
Ripley, David
Richardson, W. S.
Rittenhouse. Stacy P.
Roden. Dr. Ilugh'p.
Roder. Paul w!
Rodrigo. John A
Roth. Dr. Philli].
Roos, T.
Rork, S E.
Runyon. O E.
Rutan. Mellville M
Russell. Charles .M.
Ryno. Watson

Schaeffer. F. A.
Schaeffer, II. P.
Schalk. Herman
Scheller, George A.
Schickhaus, Edward
Schmidt. Ferdinand
Schmidt. Henry A.
Schraitt, F. J. '
Schill, Otto K.
Schlesinger. Louis
Schlueter. Albert -
Schuetz, Charles
Schuetz, Frederick A
Seliger. Alfred E.
Silverberg, Isaac L.
Sippel, August A.

126

■-'■4

251

l< < •

I4S

256

"17
125

12 I
122
236
240
lyo
3'

98
9S

28
120

4'
1S5

185
14S

254
237

'37
IlS
1 iS
'94

Smalley, Andrew A.
Smith Harry W. -
Smith, James R.
Smith. J. Rennie -
-Smith, James T.
Smith, Samuel A. -
Smith, Thomas -
Smith, Hugh -
Smith, L. M. \- Sons
Sommer, J. L.
Stappf. Julius
Steadman, Albert
Stoliaeus, John B
Stonaker, E. H.
Stone. George M.
Stone, Thomas
Strahan, John W.
Strauss, Moses -
Suthpen. Dr. J. S

'-4
1-4

Taylor, George

Taylor, John
Terrill, Charles A.

-50

Theberath, Charles M.

Thorn, John B.

1 1<>
1 72

Thome. Joseph
Titus Dr. William

21 ••(

2'-

Titus, George M. -
Toler, John
Townsend, Isaac W.

II 1

Trefz, Charles

1 = !

Trier, Reuben -

1 7r

Trippe, Joseph IC.
Tucker, W. II.

I 3^

TurnbuU. Alexander

4-
21(.

I I

L'lrich, Benedict
Ulrich. Peter
Utter, William F.

50
54

20^

Utter, J Norris
\"an Horn, Amos H.

1)2

\'an Ilouton, James 11.

2' t' i
2o(.
1 >'i
1 27

Van Xess, Benjamin II.
\'an Steenberg, William
Vogel. Aloys
Vogt, Beda
\'olz, Christian

Wangner, William
Wakenshaw, William -
Ward,KIiasS.
Ward. William -
Wegle. John
Wester. Edward
Westervelt. John E.
Weston. ICdward
Weyrauch. (jcorge
Wharton, John
Wheeler. Frederick M.
Whitehouse, Edward A
Wiedenmayer. George C.
Wiedcnmaycr. George W.
Wiener, Oscar
Wilson. William H. -
Williams. S. M.
Winner, W, W.
Woodruff, E. B.
Woodward. A. H. -
Witzel. II. P.

Yates, H. J.
Young, John F

Zahn, William
Zeh. Dr. C. M.
Zipf. Arthur
Zusi, Edward

I'.VOt

233

211
217
271

88
45
50

177

226-228

loS

S2-164

25S

1 30

136

54
1S9

240
174
273
254

I :-
")'
192

'52

269

207

140

2.(0
257

34
251

,S2
251
250
170
20S
1 12

93
'70

244
244
J71
252
2ig

62
25s
202

'»7

'79
29

100

NflTiONHL, State hnd City Gove

ENT

W^/^/W®/®/

Pkesiuent lii- TiiK United States, .

ViCE-PkESIDKNT I)K TIIK UNrTEl) SlAlES,

Uniiei) Stales Senaihus euum Ni;u Jersey,

MEMiiEK or Congress ekom Nkuauk,

Governor of New Jersey.

Mayor oe Newark,

President oe the Cummhn Couniti.,

City Ci.euk, ....

GROVER CLEVKLAND
ADLAI STEVENSON

\ JOHN R. Mcpherson

( JAMES SMITH, Jr.

liR. TH(.).\IAS DUNN ENGLISH

GEORGE T. WERTS

JOSEPH E. HAYNES

JOHN F. MAHAN

WILLIAM E. O'CONNOR

SXAMUING COiVIIT'rKKS OK COMMON COUxXCIL KOl-i l«y;

(Last, vnder the old System.)

pi'iKince — Aid. Furman, Johnson, Gocller, Larue, Diisenberry,

Harngau, Fitzsimnions.
Sh'ff/s and Highways — Aid. Stainsby, Fitzsimmons, McCor-

mack, Lynch, Parker, Henderson, Burgesser, Huegel,

Ryno, Arnold. Larue. Hausman, Roehrich, Ulrich,

Wangner.
Sewers and Drainage — Aid. Huegel, Kane, Seller, Ely, Smith,

Roehrich, Bioren.
Police — Aid. Lynch, R)'no, Burgesser.
pire Department — Aid. Kane, Olvaney, Ely.
Poor and A/tns — Aid. Olvaney, Furman, Stainsb)', Lynch,

Dusenberr}-.
Public Lighting — Aid. Ryno, Seller, Stainsb)-, Arnold, Larue.
Public Markets — Aid. Henderson, Johnson, (Joeller, Kane,

Furman.
Public Grounds — Aid. McCormack, Smith. Hausman.
Public Buildings — Aid. Burgesser, Harrigan, lUrich, Lynch,

Kane.
Public Health — Aid. Seller, Schacfer, Wangner.

Public Schools— Md. Gocller, Parker, Ely.

Public Baths — Aid. Roehrich, Hausman, Larue.

Printing — Aid. Larue, Dusenberry, Fitzsimmons.

Statio7icry — Aid. Ely, Parker, Olvaney.

Licenses — Aid. Fitzsimmons, Ryno, Seller.

Legislation — Aid. Harrigan, Johnson, Henderstm.

Assessments — Aid. Parker, Goeller, Freiensehner.

Elections — Aid. Schaefer, W'angner, Harrigan.

Crosswalks — Aid. Wangner, Smith, Furman.

Railroads and Franchises -Aid. Dusenberry, Roehrich, McCor-
mack.

City Home.—WA. Smith, Shaefcr, Huegel.

Water Supply — Aid. Johnson, Furman, Schaefer, Bioren, Bur
gesser.

Bridges — Aid. Ulrich, Wangner, Henderson.

Hospitals — Aid. Ely, Hausman, Schaefer.

Wharves— PAA. Bioren, Smith, Heller.

Sidewalks — Aid Heller, Hausman, Olvaney.

CITY OF^KICERS.

City Counsel William P.. Guild

Assistant City Counsel Samuel J. Macdonald

City Attor?iey James A. Dempsey

Comptroller . . James F. Connelly

City Clerk William E. O'Connor

Assistant City Clerk . . Peter J. O'Toolc

Auditor of Accounts . . .Fernando C. Runyon

Receiver of Taxes Martin Issler

City Suri'cyor Ernest Adam

Superintendent of Fire Depa) tment William C. Astley

Chief Engineer of Fire Department Robert Kiersted

Superintendent of Fire A larni A. Bosch

Overseer of the Poor William A. Baldwin

Clerk of Centre Market George Hermon

Judge of First Precinct Court Howard W. Hayes

Judge of Second Precinct Court Redmond P. Conlon

Judge of Third Precinct Court Frederick Preisel

Superintendent of Police William H. Bro\Yn

Chief of Detectives Henry Hopper

Police Surgeon J. Henry Clark

Building Inspector D. H. Boughner

Meter Inspector August T. Schneider

Keeper of Public Clocks Charles Freeman

License Inspector James Fleming

Excise Inspector George Rabenstein

Sealer of Weights and Measures H. F. (leisheimer

Health Officer Dr. Charles Lehlliach

Superintendent if .{tins House . ... Frederick Nolan

Alms House Physician ...Dr. C. L. Bradin

Superintendent of Lighting ... .Joseph Samuels

President Board of Education James L. Hays

Superintendent of Public Schools.. ... ..William N. Barringer

Superintendent of Public Whar'i'es W^illiam Corbitt

Siipt. Street and Water Commissioners Charles Marsh

Meat Inspector Martin Runge

Milk Inspector Henry Negels

Janitor City Hall J. R. Brad.shaw

Board oj Assessment and Revision of Taxes— V\\\X\\) Lowy.

Marcus S. Richards, Paul W. Roder, Owen F. Conlon,

R. Heber Breintnall, and John J. Berry, Secretarj^.
Commissioners of Adjustment of Newark Taxes — Harrison

Van Duyne, James L. Hays, Theodore Hewson.
Commissioners of the Sinking Fund — Robert F. Ballantine,

Frederick Frelinghuysen, Frederick H. Teese, Mayor

and Comptroller, E.K-officio.
Board of Street and Water Commissioners — Dr. Hugh C.

Hendry, President ; Thomas Harlan, Ferdinand A.

Hahn, Reuben Trier, Samuel Klotz.
Trustees of City Home — Mayor Joseph E. Haynes, President ;

H. T. Dusenberry, Treasurer ; C. M. Harrison, Secretary

and Superintendent; George W. Vernet, J. B. Richmond,

M. D., Dennis F. Olvaney, E. W. Crane, E J. Ill, M. D.
Board of Fire Commissioners — Edward Shickhaus, President ;

James Van Houten, Henry E. Baker, Hugh Kuinard, and

H. H. Brown, Secretary.
Board of Police Commissioners — John Strahan, President;

Henry Dilly, Osceola Currier, Edward Maher, Joseph

M. Cox, Secretary.
Board of Excise — Herman Schalk, President ; Peter Grace, A.

Jenkinson.

^ii^^v

>r^^

r>"-2--

HISTORICAL.

OL' R 'I'liwiic ii])i>n ye Pasaick
River," which is to (lav the

j^rt-at mamifacturinjjcityof Newark,
was nf)t foiindetl by manufacturers
or mechanics, but by farmers. The
little company of " planters," as
they styled themselves, who voyaged
hither from the province of Connecticut,
DJcctcd nothing more ambitious than a plantation,
use the lanjcuaKe of the time, where they mijjht
reap the harvests and gather the fruits of indeix;ndence. and
"provide for their outward comfortable subsistence and their
souls" welfare." The point on the Passaic at which they dropped
anchor must at that time have presented a marvelously pictur-
escjue appearance. The river was then, in very truth, a sylvan
stream. Us sinuous course rambled, as it were, throujjh the deep
woods, which, but for its silver trail, had been well-nigh pathless.
Above the landing place of the pioneers it emerged into the open,
and revealed the gentle slope of its sf>uthern bank, which rose in a
succession of leafy terraces crowned by the more thickly wooded
hills beyond. To the east lay a broad expanse of meadow land,
losing itself in marsh as it ncared the bay the voyagers had just
left behind. Mere were meadow and upland, valley and hillside,
a fertile soil, abundance of water, good climate, the promise of
sure and rich rewards for their labors. It was almost an ideal spot
for the projected plantation, and here, accordingly, the adventur-
ous planters brought their voyage to an end.

They came, these good men of New England, not seeking an
asylum for religious liberty, but rather a stricter habitation than
that from which they had come forth. Their discontent at home
had been rather political than religious. Upon the restoration of
Charles II. he had granted a new charter, by which the colonies of
Xew Haven and Connecticut had been consolidated into one prov-
ince. The laxity of the restoration period was not wanting in
the new charter. The government of the province and its various
settlements was no longer confined to the saints exclusively, but
political privileges and a voice in affairs were extended to the
ungodly and unregenerate. This to the more pious ones was an
abomination and offense. As no good could eome of remaining
under so ungodly a dominion, the good people of Milford, Bran-
ford and Guilford determined to make the only effective protest

open to them. They sought a new home where they might lonnd
such a |)iousIy governed community as Hod would approve and
bless. Their ideal was a sort of theocracy, modeled as nearly as
might be on Mosaic lines, in which God should be the Ruler and
the saints the instruments of His will.

Their first efforts to obtain a new settlement were made as
early as November, 1661, in which month they opened negotia-
tions with Peter Stuyvesant, Governor of the New Netherlands, for
permission to locate in his province. The negotiations were neces-
sarily slow, but seem to have dragged needlessly, and finally were
almost practically abandoned, when the grasping and enterprising
spirit of the English government at home put an cmi)luitic ])eriod
to all treaty with the sturdy Stuyvesant, and opened up a new
avenue for those who wished to leave Connecticut behind.

Uetermined to oust the Dutch from the New Netherlands,
Charles II. made his royal charter granting that province to his
brother James, Duke of York. Immediately a small fleet was
sent to America to put the prince into formal possession of his
new province. The slow and sleepy Hollanders, lazily luxuriating
in the rich town of New Amsterdam, were suddenly surprised and
awakened b\- the appearance in the bay in the summer of 1664 of
the English fleet. The English demand for immediate surrender
found poor Stuyvesant utterly unable to defend himself, and
finally, on August 27, 1664 (O. S.), a formal surrender of the New
Netherlands was made.

But the avaricious Duke, eager to profit by his brother's princely
gift, did not wait for possession to parcel out his new province.
On June 23 and 24, 1664. he made grant to John, Lord Berkeley,
and Sir George Carteret of "All that tract of land adjacent
to New England, and lying and being to the westward of Long
Island and Manhattan Island, and bounded on the east part
by the main sea and part by Hudson's River ; and hath upon the
west Delaware Bay or River ; and extending southward to the
main ocean as far as Cape May, at the mouth of Delaware Bay ;
and to the northward as far as the northernmost branch of the
said bay or river of Delaware ; which is in 41 degrees and 40 min-
utes of latitude and crosseth over thence in a straight line to
Hudson's River in 41 degrees of latitude ; which said tract of land
is hereafter to be called Nova Ca.-saria, or New Jersey," etc., etc.

The new proprietors lost no time in taking possession of their
territory. They appointed Philip Carteret, brother of Sir George,

NEWARK, X. /., ILIA'STRATED.

its (iovernor, ;ind placed in his hands a cimstitution fur the gov-
ernment of the territory. These preliminaries arranged, Governor
Carteret set sail for New Jersey, and arrived at his new domain
in August, 1665. Soon after he .sent messengers into New Eng-
land to make known the concessions of the " Lords proprietors,"
and to invite settlers to take up lands in New Jersey under the
very liberal terms set forth in thf>so remarkable and advanced
articles.

Here was the opportunity long sought for by the discontented
ones of Milford, Branford and Guilford, and they made haste to
embrace it. The men of Milford appointed a committee to visit
the new province and learn if the glowing representations made
of it were true. Their committee came, saw the country, inter-
viewed the Governor, and returned to report favorably all they had
seen and heard. The necessarjr grant was obtained from Governor
Carteret, and in the Spring of 1666 the first little band of settlers,
numbering about thirty persons, set out from Milford for the new

bareing a west line fur the south bounds, which said great crekeis
commonly called, and known by the name Weequachick, on the
West Line backwards in the Countr)', to the foot of the great
mountaine called Watchung, being as is Judged about seven or
eight miles from Pesayak towne : the said mountaine as Wee are
Informed, hath one branch of Elizabeth towne River running near
the above said foot of the Mountaine ; the bounds Northerly,
viz. : Pesayak river reaches to the Third River above the towne,
)-e river is called Yauntakah, and from thence upon a North West
line to the aforesaid Mountaine."

The consideration given the Indians was complex and character-
istic of the parties and the time. It is thus set forth in the deed :
" Fifty double-hands of powder, one hundred barrs of lead, twenty
Axes, twenty Coates, ten Guns, twenty Pistols, ten Kettles, ten
Swords, four blankets, four barrels of beere, ten paire breeches,
fifty knives, twenty howes, eight himdred and fifty fathem of
wampun, two Ankors of liquers <n- something equivolent, and

VIKW OF NEW.\RK. X. J., IN 17,10

plantation. In May the adventurers arrived at their destination
and proceeded to debark and enter into their new possessions.
But here they found other proprietors to deal with, not so cour-
teous or hospitable as the diplomatic Governor. Indians appeared
and forbade their landing, notifying them of the claim to own-
ership of these lands by the Hackensack tribe. New negotiations
had to be entered into with the Indians, and the thrifty pioneers
did not allow their piet}' to prevent their obtaining a very good
bargain from the red men.

The Indian deed, which bears date July nth, 1667, or more
than a year after the advent of the settlers, conveys to the lat-
ter " a certain tract of land, upland and meadows of all sorts,
whether swamps, rivers, brooks, springs, fishings, trees of all sorts,
quarries and mines, or metals of what sort soever, with full liberty
of hunting and fowling upon the same, excepting liberty of hunt-
ing for the above said proprietors that were upon the upper com-
mons, and of fishing in the above said Pesayak River, which said
tract of Land is bounded and limited with the bay eastward and
the great River Pesayak, northward, the great creke or river, in
the meadow running to the head of the cove, and from thence

TAKEN FROM AN OIL PAINTING.

three troopers Coates." This deed was duly recorded in the East
Jersey Records March 2. 1676-7, Lib.'i, fol. 6g.

Very shortly after the landing of the settlers their first formal
meeting of which an}^ record remains was held. The minutes of
this meeting recites that " In the Province of New Jersey, near
to Elizabeth Town, and the Town Plotts on Passaic River, made
choice of by friends from Milford and other neighboring planta-
tions thereabouts from New England, on the twenty- first day of
Ma}', one thousand six hundred and sixt}'-six, the above-mentioned
persons had a meeting, together with the agents sent from Guil-
ford and Branford, to ask on behalf of their undertakers and selves
with reference to a township or allotments, together with friends
from Milford," etc. This minute would seem to indicate that the
pioneers had been followed by " the agents sent from Guilford
and Branford," and that already some allotment of "Town
Plotts" had been made. The desires of the "agents" were
granted, and at this meeting it was agreed " that the agents from
Guilford and Branford do take upon and hold till June, in the year
one thousand six hundred and sixt\--seven, and fully to dispose
of, provided it be possessed, built upon and settled according to

Xf: II ■. / A' A". .A". A, // /. ( \S TR. I 7 ED.

order, for their associates, for themselves, theirs and such as they
shall send, provided that these last bring due testimonials to the
committee there for the town, and they approve of them, lots,
allotments in every division, equally privilcdged, as far as may be
with the rest of the planters, then l>eing or to be," etc., etc.

This accord and agreement being reported to the men of Bran-
ford, they, in their turn, held a meeting October 30, 1666, and
adopted and subscribed the following minute :

OCTOIIER 30, 1666.

" At a meeting Touching the Intended design of many of the
inhabitants of Branford, the following was subscribed :

" ist. That none shall be admitted freemen or free Burgesses
l)i-ut.. 1-2-. within our Town upon Pasaick River in the Province
E.tad., t8-ii. of Xew Jersey, but such Planters as are members of
Ucut., 17-15. some or other of the Congregational Churches, nor
shall any but such be chosen to Magistry or to Carrj- on any part
iL-rem. 36-21. "^ Civil Judicature, or as deputies or assistants, to

Such was the simple but rigid faith of the Branford pioneers,
and such was their pious and watchful care, that the faith once
delivered to the saints, as they believed, should be preser%'ed in
its pristine purity. Their watchful and uncompromising piety
found full accord with the settlers who had preceded them, and
a holy joy filled the breasts of the " present inhabitants."

Upon the reception of this minute and accompanying letters
from the inhabitants of Branford, the settlers held a meeting in
Xoveniber and assented to the stipulations of the Branford men,
and at a subsequent meeting held June 24, 1667, they indorsed
upon the Branford minute their acceptance of its terms, as follows :

" And upon the Reception of their Letters and Subscriptions
the present Inhabitants in November following declared their con-
sents and readiness to do likewise ; and at a meeting the twenty-
fourth of the ne.\t June following, in 1667, they also subscribed
with their own Hands unto the two fundamental agreements
Expressed on the other side their names, as follows :

=rii^ia^

faftJS

^•o

1 • -i y<

have power to Vote In establishing Laws, and making or
repealing them, or to any Chief Military Trust or Office. Nor
shall any but such Church Members have any vote in any
such elections ; Tho' all others admitted to be planters have Right
to their proper Inheritance, and do and shall enjoy all other Civil
Liberties and Privileges, According to all Laws, Orders, Grants,
which are or hereafter shall be made for this Town.

" 2d. We shall, with Care and Diligence, provide for the main-
tenance of the purity of Religion professed in the Congregational
Churches. Whereunto subscribed the Inhabitants from Branford :

" Jasper Crane,
Abra Pierson,
Sam'l Swaine,
Lai RA.NCE Waru,
Tho .MAS Bi.ACTHi.v.

SaMI EL Pn M,

JosiAii Ward,
S AMI EL Rose,
Thomas Pierso.n,
John W.\rde,
Joh.n Catllvg,
Richard Harrison,

Ehenezer Can field,
John Ward, Senior,
Ed. Ball,
John Harrison,
John Crane,
Thomas Huntington,
Delivered Crane,
Aaron Blacthlv,
Richard Lairance
John Johnson,
Thomas ^^ LvoN."

•Jf /

A. j.. I.\ 1^4 >.

RoilERT TrEAIT,
OllADlAH BrIEN,

Matthew Camiiei.d,

SaMI EL KrrCHELL,

Jeremiah Pecke,
Michael Tompkins,
SiEPHEN Freeman,
Henry Lvon,
John Browne,
John Rogers,
Stephen Davis,
Edward Rigs,

RollERT KircHELL,

bis

J. B. -^ Brooks,

"^ mark

his

Robert v Lvmens,

mark
hia

Francis 1 Linle,

mark

Daniel Tichenor,
John Baildwin, Sen.,
John Bauldwin, Jinr.,
Jona. Tompkins,

George Day,
Thomas Johnson,
John Curtis,

El'HRAM Bi RWEI.L,

bi>

Rohert k, Denison,

mark

N.vthaniel Wheeler,
Zachariah Burwell,
William Camp,
Joseph Walters,
Robert Daglesh,
Hai'ns Albers,
Thom. Morris,
Hlgh Roberts,
Eph'm Pennini;ton,
Martin Tichenor,
John Browne, Jr.,
Jona. Seargeant,
Azariah Crane,
Samuel Lyon,
Joseph Riggs,
Stephen Bond,"

A'/:ii. I A'A\ .y. y., //./.r.svA'.i/A/).

U will he noticed that the signatures of " the present inhabi-
tants " number forty-one, showing that if the pioneer bark in May,
1006, bore only about thirty persons, as all the historians agree,
to the new plantation, the colony had in its first year of existence
grown amazingly. Each signer doubtless was the head of a family,
and if these families averaged only three persons beside the head,
then the population of the colony in June, 16O7, must have num-
bered about 164, a fivefold increase in one year.

It is probable that the new settlement was at first named Mil-
ford, although no name at all ajjpears in the earlier documents
and records of the town. It is said by the historians of the town
that on the arrival of the settlers from Branford the name Milford
was dropped and the name of Newark conferred on the new town,
in hon<n\ it is surmised, of Rev. Abraham Pierson, the pastor of
the Branford peojile and the chosen pastor of the new settlement.
Be this as it may. the first mention of any name m the town
records occurs under date of Januarv, 16OS, when it is recorded

" any new Inhabitant shall arrive or come into Town to inhabit
" with us ; it is agreed and ordered that he or they from Time to
" Time shall in all Respects svtbscribe and enter into the same
" engagements as his Predecessors or the rest of the Town have
" done, before he or they can or shall be accounted Legal Inhabi-
■' tants in our Town, or have ***** Title to their Lands or
" Possessions therein."

For many years the citizens, in town meeting, settled the mun-
dane affairs of the church, agreed upon calling ministers, fixing
their salaries, preserving order and decorum during w-orship, etc.,
etc. As late as the year 1738 the entry appears, " Samuel Ailing
and John Crane was appointed to order the ringing of the bell
and sweeping the Meeting-House * * * it was also voted that
Hannah Shingleton should sweep the Meetnig-House, provided
she sweep it clean and for the same Wages as it was done for last
year." And, still later, in 1755, we find, " Samuel Parkhurst and
Samuel Min'ris Collectors of Mr. Burr's [the clergyman] Rate for

VIKW (IX MILIT.VRV P.VRK .\Xn P.\RK l'L.\CE, LOOKING NORTH FRGJI BROAD STKKICT

that "Mr. Crane and Mr. Treatt are chosen Magistrates for the
Year Insuing for our Town of Newark." The chronicler, with
the taciturnity of that time, fails to tell how or why this name
was chosen in preference to any other, and it remains only a
conjecture that it was chosen in honor of Mr. Pierson, who
had officiated or been ordained at Ne\vark-on-Trent.

The close alliance of church and state in the new community,
indeed, the actual and complete union of the two, is shown in
the "fundamental agreements" to which e\ery settler was
obliged to svibscribe as a condition precedent to holding his lands,
and also in the town records for many years thereafter. We
find this, for example, in the " fundamental agreements : " " That
"it is fully and unanimously agreed upon as a Condition upon
" which every one doth reckon and hold his Lands and accommo-
" dations in the Town, viz : that they will from Time to Time
" pay or cause to be paid yearly in their full proportions equally,
" to the Maintenance & allowance agreed upon for the upholding
" of the settled Ministry and preaching of the Word in our Town,"
etc. Also the following, in respect to new-comers ; " Item, it
" was ordered and agreed upon, in case of changes of Lands * * *

the year ensuing." Hut the strict requirement of the "funda-
mental agreement " that only church members should attend and
vote at town meetings did not remain so long in force. So early
as March i, 1O77, we find it recorded, " It is voted as a Town Act,
" that all and every Man that improves Land in the Town of
" Newark, shall make their appearance at Tow-n Meetings and
" there attend to any Business as shall be proposed, as any of the
" Planters do, and liable to any Fine as others are in Case of their
" absence at the Call, or a whole Day, or going away before the
" Meeting break up, and also that the Clerk is to set their Names
" in a List and Call them as others are called."

The first hundred years of the existence of the little town was
a period of peace and prosperity. There was little or no trouble
with the neighboring Indians, the sound policy of the first settlers
and their honorable dealings with the red men having favorably
impressed the latter and made them the friends of the white men.
There were, indeed, periods of alarm when there were rumors of
general uprisings of the savages, and when the prudent citizens
bore their arms to the meeting-house and appointed sentries
to bear watch and ward during the hours of worship, but

iXFJr.iNk: X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

there appears to have been no conflicts with their supposed Ides.

Only once was there a real prospect of serious trouble during
this period, but this was averted by the prudence and sagacity
of the leaders of the town. In 1673 the Dutch retook New
Amsterdam, which they now named New Orange, in honor of
Prince William of Orange. The Dutch Governor issued his
proclamation commanding all the settlers within the New Nether-
lands — which, of course, included New Jersey — to return to their
allegiance to the States-CJeneral, guaranteeing them in all their
rights provided they should take the oaths and submit themselves
to the old regime.

The townsmen of Newark were evidently not to be perturbed
by the vicissitudes of earthly powers and dominions. They f)wed
their first allegiance to their Heavenly Ruler, and so long as they
were not disturbed in their homage and fealty to Him, it mattered
little to them who His earthly deputies might be. Their concern
was not politics, but religion. Accordingly, but a few days after

the attempted usurpation of (Jovcrnor Andruss could extort from
the people more than the briefest notice. Almost contemptuously
they returned to the fiery tiovernor's demand that they should
recognize his authority, their calm answer : " The Town being
" met together the 29th of March, 1679-S0, and give their positive
•' Answer to the Governor of York's writ, (viz): That they have
•' taken the Oath of Allegiance to the King and Fidelity to the
•• present Government, and until they have sufficient Order from
•' his Majesty we will stand by the same." Their thoughts were
chiefly set upon the orderly regulation of their own immediate
affairs, the preservaticm of religion and morality in their little
community, and the godly up-bringing of their young ; to politi-
cal affairs without they gave only the hastiest and most impatient
consideration. But the care they took in the minutest details to
promote and secure goodly behavior among themselves is showji,
for example, in a vote of the town passed February 25, 1680 :
" To prevent disorderly Meetings of Young People at unseason-

\Ii;\V i).\ .\11I,1T.\KV I'.VKK ANI) I'AKK I'l-ACi;. LOOKINii KAST KKO.M liRoAlJ STKICirr.

the raising of the Dutch standard at New Orange, and the pub-
lishing of the Dutch General's proclamation, at a town meeting
held August 4, if)73, '• It was agreed that we should join with the
" rest of the Province to agree with the General at N. Orange,
" to have a priviledged Coimty between the Two Rivers Pasaick
" and Araritine, or with as many as will join with us on that
" account, then to desire what may be necessary for us in our
'• Town."

The military occupation of New Orange by the Dutch continued
until the end of October, 1674, and during this period of fifteen
months the good townspe"])le of Newark placidly carried on their
town affairs, quietly ignoring the fact that war existed between
their mother country and Holland, and submitting themselves in
all things necessary to the authorities at New Orange. Already
the calm indifference of the settlers to the political affairs and
vicissitudes of the European powers is noticeable and significant.

From the re-surrender of New Orange to the English, and the
re-establishment of the authority of the Lords Proprietors, down
to the period of the Revolutionary War, events were few and
unexciting in the life of the little town on the Passaic. Not even

" able Times, it is voted as a Town Act, that no Housekeeper or
" Master of a Family, shall harbour or entertain any Person or
•' Persons in the Night after Nine o'clock, or at other unseasonable
'• Times, (extraordinary occasions excepted) ; nor shall they suffer
" them disorderly to meet at any Place within their Power, to
" spend their Time, Money or provisions inordinately, in drinking,
" gaming or such-like ; nor shall they suffer any Carriage, Con-
■' ference or Council which tends to corrupt one another. All
" such Persons so transgressing shall be liable to such fines the
■' Authority shall think fit."

The Town Records from 1775 to 17S3 do not show any evidence
of the existence of the War of the Revolution. The town meet-
ings were held regularly and the public bvisiness transacted as
placidly and orderly as if the liberties of the nation were not
trembling in the balance. Some effort has been made to show
that the citizens of Newark suffered severely by the incursions
and depredations of the British soldiery, and doubtless they failed
not to experience some of the ravages of the war ; but it is no
doubt equally true that they were less disturbed than the citizens
of most of the other patriot towns. In the year 1774 the town

XKirARA'. X. /, ILLUSTRATED.

raised ^^120 for the support of the poor ; in 1776 the amount voted
was £\\o ; in 17S1, ;f25o ; and in 17S4, ^250. The increase in the
amount raised for the poor does not necessarily mean that the
latter had grown so much more numerous, but may have been
due to the fact of the depreciation of the currencj' and the rise in
prices of all commodities. At all events it is pretty conclusive
evidence that the commimity in general had not suffered so very
severely from the war. And Dr. McWhorter, who is excellent
authority, says that the town " soon recovered from its damages,
increased fast in its population, and quickly began to flourish,
especially in its manufactories."

From the close of the War of Independence the growth of the
town appears to have been steady and continuous, if not rapid and
remarkable. Few incidents occurred to disturb the peaceful and
happy monotony characteristic of the life of rural communities ;
but from year to year this God-fearing people quietly and stead-
fastly performed their various tasks, added to their slender store

census taken three years later, was only about 6,000. Comment
is needless, unless it be worth while to remark that thus early
Religion seems to have acquired the habit of losing sight and
speech as soon as she crosses the threshold of Politics. The
majority was for Newark, but the election was subsequentl)- set
aside b\' the Legislature upon the clear and unmistakable pri_>of
of frauds perpetrated at the polls. Newark did not, however,
lose the county seat. A distinguished and public-spirited citizen,
Judge Pennington, presented a site within its limits for new county
buildings, and these were built and finished in the year 1S12.

The growth of the town naturally rendered the old government
by town meeting inconvenient and insufficient. Agitation was
begun in 1S32 looking toward the incorporation of the town as a
city, and for its more easy and efficient government. Finally, in
1836, the Legislature passed a charter for the city of Newark,
which was adopted by a popular vote of the citizens at an election
held for the purpose, and in the month of April, 1S36, the citv

VIEW OX WAMIIM

I'AKK A\!i W A>lll M, I I iN

JEET.

of wealth by industry, frugality and thrift, worshiped God and
were content.

One of the most exciting events in the history of the town sub-
sequent to the Revolution was the election in 1807 to decide
whether the county seat should be continued in Newark or should
be removed to some other site, its principal rival being the am-
bitious and jealous town of Elizabeth. An act of the Legislature
was passed providing for the submission of the question to a vote
of the people of the county. February 10, 1S07, was fixed for the
first day of the election, which was to continue three daj-s. Single
women and widows were permitted to vote. Despite the religious
character of the people of both communities, the election seems
to have been characterized by every species of fraud and corrup-
tion. Ballot-box stuffing, repeating and impersonation ; every
description of fraud was practiced by j^oung and old women and
men. A sufficient idea of the character of the election may be
gathered from one fact alone. The total vote cast in Newark
was 5,03g; the entire population of the town, as shown bv the

government was fully organized, with William Halsey, Mayor;
Oliver S. Halsted (afterward Chancellor of New Jersey), Recorder ;
Joseph N. Tuttle, Clerk ; William A. Meyer, Treasurer ; Elias H.
Van "VA inkle. City Surveyor, and James Keene, Street Commis-
sioner.

Since its incorporation the city of Newark has advanced with
rapid and unceasing strides. Its population in the intervening
half-century has multiplied tenfold ; its manufactures have in-
creased marvelously, not only in volume but also in diversity ; its
prosperity has been sound and healthy as well as vast, its periods
of depression few and brief. It has achieved a position in the
very first rank of the manufacturing cities of the world ; its situ-
ation and facilities are unequalled ; its reputation for quiet and
order and its credit are unsurpassed ; for healthfulness as a dwell-
ing place, for moderation in its taxation, for educational, religious
and social advantages, it is all that can reasonably be desired.
Resting upon so broad, firm and unyielding a foundation, its con-
tinued prosperity is assured.

NEWARK, X. /.. [I.LISTRATRD.

THE CITY GOVERNMENT.

THE first government of Newark was essentially religious. It
was a combination of the theocracy of the Jews with the
demt)cratic town meetinjj of Xew Ensjland. All affairs of the set-
tlement were conducted, all officers and magistrates chosen, by the
entire body of citizens in town meetinii; assembled ; which was
democracy, pure and simple : but, in the " fundamental agree-
ments," citizenship and suffrage were restricted to the saints :
"none shall be admitted freemen ♦ * » but such Planters as
are members of some or other of the Congregational churches,
nor shall any but such Ije chosen to Magistracy * * * *
nor shall any but such Church Mcmliers haye any \'ote in any
such election." Here was the most complete union of church and
state eyer established since the Mosaic dispensation, and this

and allow the unsanctified to come in and have a voice in tlic
government.

The government of the town by town meeting continued in
full force, without any change, until 1S33 when, by act of the
Legislature, the town was divided into four wards, known, re-
spectively, as the " North," " South," •' East " and " AVest " wards.
The town government by wards continued for three years longer,
until, in 1S36, a charter was granted by the State and the town
became a city. This charter was soon found to be inadequate,
and supplement after supplement was obtained from the Legis-
lature until their number became inconveniently large and confus-
ing. Accordingly, in 1854, the Common Council appointed three
commissioners to revise and codify the charter and the sujiple-

VIKW ON l,I.M.I>l..N l'.\Kk .\.M> \S .\SHI-\I.'I llN MKhfcl.

continued in its complete integrity until March i. 1677, when it is
refolded that " It is voted as a Town Act that all and every Man
that improves Land in the Town of Newark shall make their
appearance at Town Meetings, and there attend to any Business
as shall be profKJsed as any of the Planters do." Again on October
2, 1683, " It is agreed by vote that all and every Person possessed
of Lands in the Town of Newark shall have their Names put into
the List to be called at Town Jleetings, from Time to Time."

The reason for thus relaxing the stringency of the " funda-
mental agreements " and allowing the profane to come in and join
\vith the saints in the direction of the temporal affairs of the town
seems to have arisen from the carelessness and negligence of the
saints themselves. Suqjrising as it may seem, it was difficult to
get them to attend to their solemn duties and to exercise their
high privileges. Even the imposition of fines for non-attendance
at town meetings or for dilatoriness did not seem to arouse the
saints to the importance of their political privileges, and finally,
only eleven years after the settlement of the town and the solemn
signing of the " fundamental agreements," it became necessary,
to insure the proper conduct of public affairs, to open the doors

ments thereto. These commissioners submitted their draft of the
revised charter to the Common Council in February, 1S55. It was
then considered carefully by a joint committee of the Common
Council, and of the citizens, and amended by them in several im-
portant particulars. After much consideration and many delays
the revised charter received the sanction of the Legislature, and
was approved by the executive of the State March 20, 1857.

Under the revised charter the government of the city was vested
in a Mayor and a Common Council, or Board of Aldermen,
consisting of two aldermen chosen by the citizens of each ward,
the number of wards at the time of the adoption of the revised
charter being but eleven. In addition to the Common Council, a
Board of Education was provided for, which was to have entire
charge and control of the public schools of the city, but subject to
the Common Council in the matter of appropriations. The gov-
ernment established by this charter was verj- simple, and was
soon found insufficient for the rapidly growing needs of the city.
In 1859 a supplement was passed establishing the office of Re-
ceiver of Taxes, and also providing for a Sinking Fund to meet
the city's bonded indebtedness as it should fall due. In iSfjo the

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

city was authorized to purchase the property, rights and franchise
of the Newarlv Aqueduct Company, and the Newark Aqueduct
Board was established for the management and control of the
water siipply of the city. In iS60 the Board of Assessment and
Revision of Taxes was constituted for the more systematic and
effective assessment of taxes. This board continues to be of the
same number, duties and powers as when iirst established, but its
members are now all appointed by the Mayor. In 1S73 the De-
partment of Finance was established, the chief officer of which to
be Comptroller of the city. This department remains substantially
the same in scope and powers as originally constituted. A Board
of Excise Commissioners was established in 1S75, and this board
also remains, as to authority and jurisdiction, substantially as at
first constituted.

In 1S91 the most sweeping and far-reaching change in the city
government was proposed by an Act of the Legislature providing
for the appointment in each of the cities of the first-class (Newark
and Jersey City), of a Board of Street and Water Commissioners.

This board, it is provided in the law, shall be composed of five
members and is clothed with very extensive powers. It is to have
entire control and management of the Water Department, the
Street Department, all sewers and drains, in short, all the public
works of the city. Proceedings have been begun and are still
pending in the Supreme Court to test the constitutionality of the
act constituting this board, and it is practically at a stand until
the decision of the court shall be announced. Since the foregoing
was written, the Supreme Court has decided the act constituting
the Board of Street and Water Commissioners to be constitutional,
and the board has assumed and exercises all the powers conferred
upon it by the new law.

The other departments of the city government are the Health
Board, which, under recent legislation, has very extreme powers ;
the Tnastees of the City Home, a reform school for boys and girls ;
the Trustees of the City Hospital, and the Trustees of the Free
Public Library, a most excellent institution which is giving
unqualified satisfaction.

VIEW OX CLIXTOX AVEXUE AXD HIGH .STREET.

THE CHUHCH HISTORY OF THE TOWN.

THE historian of Newark must needs give much attention and
devote considerable space to the history of the churches of
the city. So closely, as has already been shown, were the temporal
and spiritual interests of the town interwoven and almost identi-
fied, that the one cannot be traced and set forth without following
and displaying the other. In the infancy of the town the two
were twins, fond, affectionate and constant in their companion-
ship. It was many years before one outstripped the other in
physical growth and found his attention and his activities
absorbed by his rapidly growing prosperity and possessions, and
the devotion of the two loving twins became formal and strained
if not altogether cold and lifeless.

The history of the church in Newark antedates that of the town
by more than a score of years. It really begins in Branford, in
1644, when it had "its proper organic origin" — as good Doctor

Stearns styles it. The Rev. Abraham Pierson, the first pastor of
the church, came to Boston from England in 1639. He was born
in Yorkshire — in what j-ear is uncertain — and was graduated at
the LTniversity of Cambridge in 1632. After being ordained —
episcopally, it is supposed — and preaching a few years in his
native country, he decided, for reasons now unknown, upon emi-
grating to New England and casting in his lot with the Puritans
there. He joined the church at Boston, and appears to have
been stationed immediately, or very soon thereafter, at Lynn.
In 1640 some of the residents of Lynn, "finding themselves
straitened," as the quaint language of the time puts it, determined
to remove to less "straitening" habitations. They removed to
the east end of Long Island, and there founded the town of South-
ampton. They had been organized as a church before leaving
Lynn, and had chosen Mr. Pierson as their minister, and he,

NEWARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

therefore, accompanied them to their new settlement. But in the
year 1644 he and some of his flock, being dissatisfied because
their little colony was placed in the jurisdiction of Connecticut,
removed to the town f)f Branford. Here he organized a new
church, embracing inhabitants of Branford with others from
AVeathersfield, who united with them, and here the church history
of the church of Newark really begins ; for when, in 1667, the
people of Branford resolved to join those of Milford in their
" towne upon the Pasaick," they took with them their pastor and
their entire church organization. Dr. Steams, the historian of
the " First Church," says : " Indeed, the old church in Branford,
organized there twenty years earlier, was probably transported
bodily, with all its corporate privileges and authorities. Its old

forth upon a new, and it since has proved, by far the largest por-
tion of its career."

Mr. Pierson was a strong as well as godly man. His influence
upon the new community was very great and largely determined
its character and career. He was a learned man, still fond of
books and study in these wilds. His library numbered four hun-
dred and forty volumes, a goodly library for the most refined
centre of the New World, and of magnificent proportions for a
clearing in the woods. Earnest, eloquent, godly, patient and
devoted, he was beloved and esteemed not only by his own little
flock, but also by all the great and strong leaders in New England.
The elder Winthrop spoke of him as a "godly learned man ; "
and Cotton Mather, in his pedantic, but quaint and ])icturcsquc

VIEWS IK XF,\V.\KK. LOOKINT. NORTH, E.VST, SOCTH AND WEST, FROM THE PRVDEXTI.M- RUILDING

pastor was conveyed hither at the expense of the town ; its
deacon continued his functions without any signs of reappoint-
ment ; its records were transferred, and it immediately com-
menced ' church work,' and its pastor was invested with his office
and salary on the new spot without any ceremony of organization
or installation. It is true that several of its members were left
behind, but they no longer claimed to be a church ; and hence
there was; no church in Branford after the removal, till a new one
was organized there several years subsequent. The settlers who
came hither from other towns probably transferred their ecclesi-
astical relations to this pre-existing organization, and the church
of Branford, being thus transplanted to a new locality, and having
received an accession of new constituent elements, became, after
the example of the church in Hartford and several others in New
England, the First Church of Newark, and thereupon started

style, wrote of him : " 'Tis reported by Pliny, but perhaps 'tis
but a Plinyism, that there is a fish called Lucerna, whose tongue
doth shine like a torch. If it be a fable, yet let the tongue of a
minister be the moral of that fable. Now such an illiiniinating
tongue was that of our Pierson."

The church thus transplanted from Branford to Newark was
settled in the Congregational order, " and that of the most primi-
tive and distinguishing type," adds good Doctor Stearns. It was
not until 1716, or a few years later, that the church united with
the Presbytery and became in form of government and in spirit
Presbyterian.

The first steps toward building a meeting-house for the little
congregation were not taken until September 10, 166S, more than
two years after the settlement of the town. On that date the town
voted to "build a meeting-house as soon as may be," and

XF.U'ARK, X. /., riLUSTRATRD.

appointed a committee of five men " with full power for the man-
agement of the building." The building wim of very modest
proportions, 36 feet in length, 26 feet in breadth and 13 feet be-
tween the joints, "with a lenter to it all the length which will
make it thirty-six foot square," and j-et it was more than a year
and a half after the town had resolved to build it that it began to
approach completion. So great an undertaking for the good,
pious souls was it to provide even so humble a temple for their
weekly worship of their g^eat Creator.

Twelve years after the settlement the Rev. Abraham Pierson
closed his earthly career, and was succeeded by his son as pastor
of the little flock. He was faithful and well-beloved, strong and
influential with his people, and yet, whether from the carelessness
and thoughtlessness of the good people, or for some less discredi-
table reason, " no record tells us and no stone points out precisely
in what spot his honored bones rest."

The Rev. Doctor Stearns has drawn a most vivid, breathing
picture of the little congregation assembled in their little house
of worship, and the
temptation to em-
bellish these pages
with it is too strong
to be resisted.
•' Let us now cast
a glance," he says,
' ' upon the little as-
s e m b 1 y as they
were when the ap-
purtenances of the
house of worship
were completed
and the settlement
in the full tide of
its youthful pros-
perity. We will
select for the pur-
pose the year 16S2,
and take some
bright Sabbath
morning early in
June, when the
strawberries are
red among the
green grass, the
birds singing in
the meadows in a
full chorus, and the
apple blossoms
scarcely yet fallen
in the orchards.
* * * On the
west side of Broad
street * * * * » ^nd nearly opposite the site of the
present First Presbyterian Church, with an irregular marshy
pond e.xtending nearly to ilarket street on the northeast, and a
few graves marking a small burying-place on a little eminence
not far in the rear, stood a low and somewhat singular-looking
wooden edifice, without chimney or cupola, spreading out to the
breadth of thirty-six feet square on the ground, and almost six-
teen feet high in front beneath the eaves, and somewhat less in
the rear ; the roof sloping down the back side near to the ground,
and covering an appendage called a ' lenter,' or lean-to, ten feet
wide, after the manner of some of the old farmhouses, of which
remnants may still be found in the country. There it stood, with
the gable ends north and south, and the broadside ' nigh front-
ing on a square with the street,' in the precise spot which Mr.
Pierson, the elder. Deacon Ward and Mr. Treat had assigned for
it. It is OUR FIRST MEETING-HOUSE— the place of worship
and the place of business — the theatre of all important transac-
tions, civil, military and religious, in the town of Newark, during

INTERIOR VIEW. KIRST rRESBVTERI.\N CIRRCH, DIRINO CE.N'TEXXIAL CELEHRATIOX, 1891.

its first forty years of existence. There the townsmen, ' after
lecture,' held their regular stated meetings, and there, on any
alarm, the brave soldiers of the little commimity assembled with
their arms at beat of drum to defend their homes and altars, their
little ones and their wives. And now we notice two rudeh" con-
structed appendages at two corners of the sacred edifice. They
are called, in military phrase, " flankers," made with palisades or
sharpened stakes, driven near together in the ground and so
placed that the soldiers, sheltered behind them, command the
sides of the house in every direction. They were constructed in
the year 1675, when the Philips war was raging in New England,
and the terror of Indian butcheries, so appalling to the people of
Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut, could hardly fail
to have communicated an alarm to their friends and relatives,
even in this distant settlement. The house itself, as we shall see
on entering it, has been fitted for defense, for at the same period
the town gave orders to have it lathed and the walls ' filled with
thin stone and mortar as high up as the girts ' — a work on which

all the men of the
town above sixteen
years of age, in
companies of
twelve, each day
wrought in their
turns, carrying
their arms with
them as did the Is-
raelites when they
rebuilt their tem-
ple, to be ready
against sudden
surprises. The
house of God was
thus the house of
refuge for the peo-
ple : and there, had
the savage foe
burst upon them ,
would the women
and children of the
town have assem-
bled for protection,
close by God's holy
altar. ******
The holy morning
has now dawned.
Nearly opposite
the church stands
the residence of
the late senior pas-
tor, now occupied,
we may presume^
by his aged widow with her two younger sons, Theophilus and
Isaac. ***** w\ along, up and down the street, stand on
either side, at regular intervals, the quiet homes of the planters, and
everywhere through the open windows may be heard the voice of
prayer and psalm-singing at the domestic altar or the low hum of
youthful voices studying or reciting the much-prized catechism.

■ ' The hour of public worship now approaches, and the deep
tones of the village drum, beaten along the broad, grassj- street
by one of the young men, gives the signal to make ready. It
beats again ; and now, the doors opening, out come in everj^
direction the grave fathers and mothers of the community, the
sturdy sons and comely daughters, with the cheerful and yet
sober little ones, all in their best attire, and such as never sees
the light except on Sabbath days and for the sake of decency in
God's worship. Down the cross-streets, and some on horseback
from the far-distant mountain, where the settlement was alreadv
extending itself, they pour along in pleasant family groups and
meet a united community at the house of prayer."

A/-:i\ARK. X. /.. ii.r.rsrRATr.D.

1791 1891

TIIKRE VIEWS OK lilt HKsl I'RESIIVI BRIAN Clll Ri II.

But there was not always peace and k)ving brotherhiMxl amon^j
the pious worshipers. Even as early as the pastorate of Rev.
Abraham Pierson's son and successor dissensions began, which
finally culminated in Mr. Pierson's withdrawal from his charge
and removal to Connecticut. On the institution of Yale College,
a few years later, he was appointed its Hrst rector, or president,
and held this office until his death, in 1707.

It was in the year 1676, during the pa.storate of Rev. John
Priidden, the younger Pierson's successor, that the separate title
of the church to the " parsonage lands " was first set up, a title
that has occasioned continual disputes and litigations ever since.
In that year, under authority of an act of the (iencral Assembly,
a warrant was taken out for the survey of two hundred acres of
land and meadow for the purposes of a parsonage, and "also so
much ;is shall be convenient for landing places, sch<K)lhouse, town-
house, meeting-house, market-place," etc. Two hundred and
twelve acres were surveyed under this warrant the same year, of
which three were for a burying-place, three for a market-place
and six for a training-place. December 10, 1696, a deed was made
by the Proprietors conveying these tracts to John Curtis, John
Treat, Theophilus Pierson and Robert Young, "to the only
proper use, benefit and behalf of the old settlers of the town
of Newark, their heirs and assigns for ever." This is the
source of the title of the " First Church " to the lands which have
been held ever since by the parent church and its off-shoots, and
some of which are still in litigation.

The first separate action of town and church, as far as the
records give evidence, occurred upon the calling of Mr. Jabez
\Vakeman to succeed Mr. Prudden as pastor of the church. The
town appointed a committee of three men in 1699 "to join with
such as the Church shall appoint in speedily looking out for
another person to be on trial in order to settlement in the pastoral
office." And, soon afterwards, the town appointed another
committee "to join with the Church Committee to treat with Mr.
Jabez Wakeman about his taking the ofHce of pastor upon him."

The first separation from the old church occurred about 1718.
The earlier settlements (jf the planters clung closely to the river

bank. But gradually the settlors pushed their clearings up the
hillsides, and even as far as the slopes of the Watchung Moun-
tain. Here, by the year 171S, the settlers had become numerous
enough to form a church organization of their own, which they
styled the " Mountain Society." This name was retained for a
number of years, until the young and thriving church was named
and known as the " Second Church in Newark." Eventually, on
the setting-off of t)range from Newark, this latter name was also
dropped and the church became known as the " First Presby-
terian Church in Orange." It was about this same time also that
the parent church submitted itself to the Presbyterian forms of
church government, the first ordination of a pastor by act of
Presbytery occurring in 1719.

The third church to be organized within the boundaries of New-
ark, as they then existed, was not an off-shoot of the old First
Church, but an independent organization. It was a Dutch church,
established at " Second River," now Belleville, about the year
1726. The same minister "dispensed the Word and ordinances
of God," both to this little church and that at " Aquackanunc."

But now a])proached a separation from the parent church,
which was not only to rob it of many of its children, but was to
cause serious and bitter dissensions, rupture old friendships, and
obliterate neighborly feelings. Efforts had been making for
several years to establish Episcopacy in the settlements in New
Jersey. Missionaries, zealous for their church, jiervaded the
provinces, eager for converts. One of these the Rev. George
Keith, wrote of the neighboring town of Elizabeth; "Many of
that town, having been formerly a sort of Independents, are
become well affected to the Church of England, and desire to
have a minister < f the Church of England sent to them." And
in 1731 another missionary, the Rev. Mr. Wiughan, writing from
Elizalieth to England, sa\s that he finds his hearers increasing,
not only in Elizabeth, "but also at Newark, Whippany and in
the mountains." There is a delicious, imconscious humor in his
additional report that he finds "a general disposition in the
people to be instructed and settled in the Clirislian Fail A."

THE OI.D SETTLERS' .MONL.MENT. ERECTED BY THE CITV OF NEW.4RK TO
PERPETLWTE THE MEMORY OF THE EARLY SETTLERS.

Fancy the grim scorn of the pious planters of Newark had they
been able to read this letter with its patronizing references to
their benighted condition. " Settled in the Faith! " forsooth: who
so settled as they? But they were soon rudely awakened to the

NEir.lRK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

AN nlji LANDMARK AT ORANGE AND WK.W • \ K\ \ 1 -.

fact that they were not so firmly settled as they fondly dreamed.
The English missionaries' efforts were to be crowned with success,
but by causes not to be foreseen or imagined. Col. Josiah Ogden,
the son of one and the grandson of another of the original settlers
of the town, and a " distinguished member" of the church, was
the unfortunate person through whom schism and secession came.
And in a curious way. He was accused of violating the sanctity
of the Lcn-d's Day by laboring in his wheat fields. His defense
was that his labor was necessary, to save his wheat from being
ruined by the rain. Nevertheless the church censured him, and
he and his friends withdrew from the old church and founded a
separate chui'ch organization, known as Trinity Chtirch, which
submitted itself to the government of the Church of England.
The e.xact year of this withdrawal is difficult to determine. But
as Col. Ogden carried up his censure on appeal to the Synod of
Philadelphia in 1734, and was in correspondence with a committee
of that body in 1735, it is probable that his withdrawal and that
of his friends from the old church did not occur before the Fall of
the year 1735. "This separation was the origin," writes Dr.
McWhorter, "of the greatest animosity and alienation
between friends, townsmen. Christians, neighbors and
relatives, that this town ever beheld. The storm of
religious separation and rage wrought tumultuousl)- "
and ' ' kindled a flame which was not extinguished
till the conclusion of the late war " — fifty years later.
Such is the Christian love and forbearance, at times,
of the disciples of the meek and lowly Jesus, and thus
were " instructed and settled in the Christian Faith "
the members of the new communion.

It has already been seen that the second jiastor of
the little Newark church was chosen to the high and
honorable office of first rector or president of Yale
College upira its institution. New and equally illus-
trious scholastic honors now awaited the little church
through its sixth pastor, the Rev. Aaron Burr. This
brilliant preacher and scholar came to the pulpit of
the Newark church in Janviary, 1736. Ten years
later, on the 22d of October, 1746, the first charter
of "The College of New Jersey" was granted, the
Rev. Aaron Burr being one of the persons named
therein as trustee of the proposed new college. The
Rev. Jonathan Dickinson, of Elizabeth, was chosen
to be president of the college, but after enjoying this
high honor only four months and a half he died. His
death discouraged the new enterprise and caused a

suspension of the efforts to establish suitably the new
institution of learning. But in September, 174S, a
new charter was granted for the college, and upon its
organization, which occurred in the First Church
November gth, 174S, the Rev. Aaron Burr was unan-
imously chosen president. The first commencement
of the college, a class of seven being already qualified,
was celebrated on the same day in the little house of
worship thus doubly honored. Among the seven
students graduated at this time was Richard Stock-
ton, a name afterwards one of the most distinguished
and honored in the State of New Jersey, and whose
descendants to this day nobly maintain the honor and
glory of the family name.

For the first eight years of its existence the College
of New Jersey remained in Newark, President Burr
ofliciating also, for the first seven years, as pastor of
the little church. It was during this period, on June
7th, 1753, that a charter was obtained for the church,
incorporating it by the name of " The First Presby-
terian Church in Newark," the same name borne by
the church to this day. In 1756 the college was
removed from Newark to Princeton, President Burr
having resigned his pastorate a year earlier, and thus
the brief but brilliant connection between the little
congregation and the sturdy and thriving young college was
brought to a close. It was during the Rev. President Burr's
residence in Newark, but after the close of his pastorate here,
that his famous son, Aaron, was born, February 6th, 1756. Of
his character and career it is needless here to speak. He may be
dismissed with the good Dr. Stearns' scanty notice, " the heir of
his father's accomplishments, but not of his virtues."

In iSoi, June 6th, a company of nine persons were C(.>nstituted
into a regular Baptist church, and were soon incorporated,
assuming the name of the First Baptist Church of Newark.
Their first meeting-house, situated on Academy street, was
dedicated September i6th, 1S06.

In iSoS, the number of Methodists in the town having reached
fourteen, they determined upon building a Methodist meeting-
house, and the following year their modest place of worship,
called Wesley Chapel, was dedicated. This was situated upon or
near the site of the present Halsey Street Methodist Church.

The fii^st Catholic parish in the town was regularly organized
in 1S24, and was styled St. John's. St. John's Church was erected

I'I.umh; homemti.au, i;k<>mi anh

NEWARK, X. /., TI.T.USTRATED.

The First Congregational Cluuxli was the
outgrowth and successor of what was at its
institution styled " The First Free Church
in Newark," which was organized May 22d,
1S34, by forty persons who left the First
Presbyterian Church for this purpose.

There are now in the city of Newark twenty
(20) Presbyterian churches, of which one is
especially for colored people and three for
Germans ; two (2) United Presbyterian ; seven
(7) Reformed (Dutch) ; two (2) Congregational ;
fifteen (15) Baptist ; twelve (12) Episcopal ; one
M) Reformed Episcopal; Eighteen (iS) Melh-
ndist Episcopal ; one (i) Methodist Protestant ;
tliree 13) Lutheran : one (i) Universalist : two
2) Swedenborgian ; twenty (20) Roman Cath-
olic ; and four (4) Jewish Synagogues ; besides
nine (g) independent bodies, and eleven (11)
missions. There being, in all, one hundred
and seven (107) churches and synagogues
in the city. These are almost witliout
exception active, vigorous, healthy and
MF.EKER HOMESTEAH, SUPPOSED TO BE THE OLDEST i.AN-MAKK IN NLw jERSEV. flourishing bodics, Stimulating the hearts

on the site of the present St. John's Church, but was a very small and minds of their various parishes, inculcating and distrib
and modest edifice, being, we are told, " no largtr than a large uting charity and disseminating secular as well as religious
sitting chamber." learning.

THE RISE AM) (iROWTH OF MAXLI ACTLKES IN XEU ARK.

IT has already been stated that the settlers of Newark were n<it
mechanics or manufacturers, but farmers. Naturally, there-
fore, their first concern was the soil and the sup])ort and mainte-
nance which it might lie made to yield. It may very readily be
com])rehended th:it theirs was not a ven,- fierce struggle with the
rich, virgin soil, which, to yield its abundant increase needed but
the a.sking. But what with the labor of making their clearings,
building their dwellings and doing the thou.sand and one things
incident to the pursuit of agriculture in a new country, the settlers
had no time to think of other labors, much less tr) bestow upon them.
Accordingly only such industries were thought of as actually
pressed themselves upon the attention of the busy planters.
Naturally, the first of these to reveal its
necessity in an isolated farming community
was, when the grain had Ixjen garnered in. a
grist mill.

Accordingly, we find that at a Town Meeting
held March 9, 1668-69, this resolution was
adopted :

" Item. The Town saw Cause for the Incour-
'■ agement of any amongst them that would
" Build and Maintain a Good Mill, for the
" su])ply of the Town with Good Grinding, To
'• offer and Tender freely the Timber Prepared
" for that use. Twenty Pounds Current Pay,
'• and the Accommodations Formerly Granted
" Belonging to themill, viz : iS Acres of upland
" and 6 of meadow, with the only Liberty and
" privilege of Building a Mill on yt Brook ;
" which motion was left to the Consideration
" of the Town Betwixt this and the 12th of this
" Mo. Current at Even, and the Meeting is
" adjourned to that Time : And in Case any
"desire sooner, or in the mean Time to have
" any further Treaty or Discourse about his or
" their Undertaking of the Mill, they may
•• repair to Mr. Treat, Deacon Ward and
" Lieutenant Swain, to prepare any Agreement
"between the Town and them."

Notwithstanding this offer <if the Town, which would seem to
have been very- liberal for that time, no one appeared to be willing
to undertake the work on these terms, and we find this record of
the proceedings of the town meeting on the I2tli of March, 166S-69 ;

" None appearing to accept of the Town's Motion and Encourage-
" ment to build and maintain the Mill, they agreed to set upon it
" in a general way, and moving to Lieut. Swain about the matter,
" he made some propositions to the Town, and at Length the
" Town agreed with him for 20s. by the week or 6 working days,
'■ and three Pounds over for his skill, unless he shall see Cause to
" abate it, which if he shall see cause to do the Town will
" take it thankfully : for the which he engaged to improve his

l;.\UUU IN noMKSTKAD, O.NE OF NEWARK'S OLD LAN1J.MARKS,

A'/'ir.lA'A'. .V. /., //./.1'.S7'A'.I77-:/).

"Time and skill for the best advantage and carrying on to
"an End the whole Work, with all that shall be implied by
" him so far as belongeth to his Art and Trade of a Millwright ;
" as also to give his best advice about the Dam, or leveling the
" Ground, as the Town shall need him, and this to be done as
"soon as conveniently he can; and the Town promiseth to
" help him with Work in part of his pay as he needs it, so many
" Days' Work as he works at the Mill ; common Laborers at two
" shillings by the Day and Carpenters at 2S. 6d. the Day. * * *
" Item. The Town agreed to send some men forth upon the Dis-
" covery, to see if they can find any suitable Stones for Millstones."

Even this agreement, it seems, was not sufficient to secure the
erection of the mill, which must have been a great undertaking
for the little community. Under date of August 24, 1670, appears
this record :

"The Town at length Made a full agreement with Mr. Robt.
" Treat and Serg't Rich'd Harrison about the Building and Main-
" taining of a Sufficient Corn Mill, to be set upon the Little Brook
" Called the Mill Brook, with suitable Necessary's, and making the
" Damns, and all other Provisions Needful for and Belonging to
" the sd Mill," .Vc, &c., &c.

Under this last agreement the great work of building the mill
was at last accomplished, and the mill was in operation the fal-
lowing Spring, as appears by
an entry in theTown Records
under date of May 23, 1671 :
" Item — it's agreed that the
"2nd day of the week and
" the 6th day of the same
" week and the Next Days
" if the Town Need, and the
" Work Cannot be well done
" on those days that are ap- "
"pointed and agreed upon • ,
" by The Town Meeting and -^J*',
" the Owners of the Mill to . I !
" be their Grinding days, j,
" upon which days the Miller
"is to attend his (irinding,
" and the Town are to bring
" their Grists, and the Miller
" promiseth to do his * *

n* * * * n<; fnr ■Rimsplf

£13 1.11 iiiniB^ii ^^^ FIRST M.\LLEAKLE IRON FOUXDRV BLI

" secure the same until it Be seth bovden, between bridge

"enclosed and under Lock from an original i.raw

" and Key."

Thus was established, upon the " Little Brook," which as long
as it existed bore the name of " Mill Brook," the first manufac-
turing industry of the little town, the forerunner, as will be seen,
of multitudinous manufactures which were ultimately to convert
the little agricultural hamlet into a great manufacturing city.

The early fame of the town, however, rested upon the quantity
and quality of the cider made and sold by the good people. Only
seven years after the first settlement Deputy-Governor Rudj-ard
wrote to a friend in Loudon, " At a place called Newark, 7 or S
miles from here, is made great quantities of Cyder exceeding
any we can have from New England or Rhode Island or Long
Island." The following year another correspondent wrote, " They
make abundance of good Cyder, especially at one town called
Newark, which is esteemed at New York and other places that it
is sold beyond any that comes from New England."

But the grist-mill and the cider-mill did not long suffice to satisfy
the enterprise of the worthy Newarkers. In 1680, a shoemaker,
Samuel Whitehead by name, had been permitted to settle in the
town, " provided he will supply the Town with Shoes, tho' for the
Present we known not of any Place of Land convenient." The
leather he used was all bought from a distance, or tanned rudely
at home, and this did not long suit the thrift and prudence of the
citizens. Azariah Ci^ane desired to establish a tanyard in the
town, and succeeded in obtaining permission to do so in 1698, this

subject coming, as did all others, before the town meeting, and
being passed upon by the votes of all the citizens. It is recorded,
under date of April ig, 1698, that " It is voted that Thomas
" Hayse, Joseph Harrison, Jasper Crane and Matthew Canfield
"shall view whether Azariah Crane may have Land for a Tan-
" Yard, at the Front of John Plum's home Lott, out of the Com-
" mon ; and in case the Men above-mentioned agree that Azariah
" Crane shall have the Land he the said Azariah Crane shall
" enjoy it so long as he doth follow the trade of Tanning."

Azariah got his land and his tannery was established at once,
and the trade in leather and shoes was thus early established on
a firm foundation. Its growth was necessarily slow, but it was
steady and sure, and ere long it become the staple industry of
the town.

There were not wanting other craftsmen in the town sufficient
to supply the immediate necessities of an agricultural community.
Thomas Pierson and Benjamin Baldwin were weavers, John Ward
was a "Turner," which no doubt included cabinet-making and
joining ; many, indeed, of the original settlers joining some handi-
craft to their agricultural pursuits. AW the casks and barrels for
the cider made in the town seem to have been made by the
planters themselves, and so great was the demand for them
that as early as i66cj it was necessary to prohibit their sale except

for the use of the Town."
'TjJ'")') This, b}' the way, was doubt-
less the earliest embargo
laid in any of the colonies.

Never, perhaps, were
pioneers better equipped to
establish a permanent and
prosperous settlement than
these pious founders of
Newark. Not with mechan-
ical appliances to make labor
easy or dispense with it
altogether, or with wealth
til purchase the labor of
others, but with those strong
manly qualities which in-
sure because they conquer
success. Health, energy,
courage, industry, patience,
perseverance — with these
ciualities failure is impossi-
ble, success a certainty. It
adds to the glory of these
men, that although their religious feelings were deep and strong,
and their religious prejudice no doubt intense, yet they either
knew not or had overcome the passion for persecution. While
they required every one desiring to join their colony to subscribe
to their " fundamental agreements," yet they sought to punish no
one for refusing. And they provided in advance that where the
conduct or outspoken opinions of any settler should offend the
communitv, there should be no persecution, pains or penalties,
but simply that the offender should be paid a fair price for his
lands and remove from the community with whom he was not
and never could be in sympathy or accord. This was not, of
course, absolute freedom of opinion or of religion, but for those
times and circumstances, it was a great liberality, as unusual as
it was enlightened. Material prosperity could scarcely fail to
wait upon men possessed of the strong qualities, the conservative
principles, the moderate tempers which distinguished and
ennobled the pioneers of this plantation. And there is every
evidence that from the beginning the settlement was prosperous.
It is impossible to trace the growth of the industries of the
infant town, as no record seems to have been kept of their prog-
ress or increase, and no figures are available until the United
States census of 1810, from which a statement was compiled under
the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, showing the
various industries of the town and their output, as follows ;

I/r IN THE UNITED STATES
AND ORANGE STREETS, IN
ING I!V THE INVENTOR.

ERECTED BY
1826;

.y/:u'.iRk\ \. y., iija'sirated.

TABLK OK MANl'KACrrRKS IX KSSKX CorXTV,
X. J.. IX iSio.

ARTICLES OF 5IANUFACTURE.

Blended and unnamed Cloths and Stuffs

Woolen Goods in families

Looms

Carding Machines

Frilling Mills

Drawing and Roving Machines

Spindles

Fur Hats

Blast and Air Furnaces

Bloomeries

Naileries

Large Screw. Steel Springs, etc

Tin Plate Works

Tallow Candles

Plating Manufactories

Soap

Leathers, unnamed

Boots, Shoes and Slippers

Flaxseed Oil

Distilleries

Breweries

Carriages

Paper Mills

Potteries

Drugs

Bonkbinderics

^o. ot
Factories.

Product.

Value.

^ t00,000>00

43,000 "

Q,900

26,150

78,480.00

I
17

324 tons
6o<) '•

: 1,360 lbs.

14,372.00

3.338.00

3»t 36.00
15,00000

^350.00
1 If 529.00
15000 00

ii.S46.00

I .' v'.OO
','•"1.00

.■ V 5' JO ou
7,650.00
27,750.00
3'> "00.00

It wnll be seen from tins table that the boot and shoe industry
was then, as it had been for many years, easily chief in the town,
and justified the draftsman of the map of Newark, published in
iSofi, who drew the effijf>-of a shoemaker in one corner of his map.
Accordinjj to his statement •• one-third of the inhabitants are con-
stantly em]iloyed " in the manufacture of 1>ixjLs and shoes.

The ne.xt opportunity afforded for obser\-ing the industrial
growth <)f the town is found in the town census taken in 1S26 by
Isaac Nichols, assessor. Me reports the number of industries
and the industrial ])o])ulation as follows :

" Three Iron and Bra.ss Founderies. twelve workmen: one Cotton
Factor)-, SIX workmen : three Tin and Sheet Iron Factories, nine
workmen : one Coach Spring Factor)-, ten workmen ; one Choco-
late and Mustard Factory, eight workmen ; one Tobacco Factory,
thirteen workmen ; one Look in.g-G lass Factor)-, four workmen
one Soap and Candle Factory, four workmen ; one Eastern Pot-
ter)-, three workmen ; one Rope Walk, two workmen.

" Besides these, three Distilleries, two Breweries and two Grist
Mills. The number of hands em])loyed not given.

•' All those employed in trades and other branches are enume-
rated as follows :

Shoemakers 685

Carriage-makers 64

Trimmers 48

•' Painters 21

" Smiths 77

Carpenters 89

Chairmakers 79

Hatters 70

Curriers 61

Saddlers 57

Masons 46

Coach Lace Weavers 36

Cabinet-makers 35

Tailors 35

Jewelers 22

Blacksmiths ,5, 19

Planemakers. . . ... 17

Tanners 17

Silver Platers 15

Bakers 15

Carters 12

Saddle-Trcc-raakers 12

Mouse Painters and Glaziers 10

Wagon Workers ,s

Trunkmakers 7

Coopers 7

Stonecutters 6

Lastmakers 6

Butchers :;

Ploughmakers 4

Pumpmakers i

Morocco Dressers 3

Brushmakers 3

Gunsmiths 2

Watch and Clock Makers ... 2

Tallow Chandlers i

Lockmakers i

Printers 7

Mr. Nichols enumerated the population of the town as 8,017, and
it will be seen from his table that about 1,700, or more than twentv
per cent of the whole number were actively engaged in manual
labor, speaking w-ell for the industry and thrift of the community.

In 1836, the year of the incorporation of the town as a city, a
census was taken by the direction of the Common Council. The
rapid growth of the town in the preceding ten years was shown
by the enumeration of the population at this census at 19,732, an
increa.se of almost 150 per cent. In connection with this census.
Dr. Jabez G. Goble prepared the following exhibit of the indus-

tries of the city, which, he says, "is believed to be essentially
correct," and " will exhibit a general view of the business of the
city, the greater portion of which consists of its own manufac-
tured articles."

Boot and Shoe Jlanufacturer.s. This branch of
trade has always been very extensive

Hat Manufacturers '

Carriajies of every description— omnibu.ses, railroad
cars. Jtc. Some" of these establishments are very
larKc

Saddles, harness, whips, &c

Clothin>j busincs.s — manufactured for the Southern
markets

TanninK and Currvinj^ The principal portion of
this business is done in the Swamps in Market
street

Coach-axles, springs, door-locks, brass mountings,
&c

Coach-lacc, tas.sels, fringe, &c

Oil-silk, patent leather, malleable iron, cver.v variety
of casting used by coachmakers, machinists, &c.
The ctillection cons'ists of more than 1,000 plain and
ornamental patterns now in use

Cabinet dti

Jewelry dt>

Frunk and Chair do

Silverplatin^ do

Sa.sh and Klind do

Coal Trade. This business has been extensive the

f)ast year
1 other manufacturers, comprising many diflFcrenl
branches, mav be fairlv estimated at....'

Employed.

Amount.

010

$1,533,000
1,055,000

8,7
590

1,002,000
885,500

1.59'

840,000

150

899,200

220
112

250,000
80,000

"2.'i

■45

225,060
180,000

100
106

225000
90,000

100

100,000

107

70000

200,000

$8,124,790

In 1861 the value of the manufactured products of the eity had
swelled to the sum of over $23,000,000. The Civil War scarcely in-
terrupted the industrial activity and prosperity of the city, which
was kept busy during the entire period of its continuance in
manufacturing for the Union armies small arms, accoutrements,
saddlery, harness, clothing, &c., &c. But the close of the war
witnessed a wonderful increase of prosperity, and the growth of
the city's manufactures was marvelous, both in volume and
variety. So v:ist and varied became the products of the city's
teeming brains and skilled hands that the idea occu.-red to a few
enterprising and far-sighted citizens of still further advancing
the city's business and manufacturing interests by giving an ex-
hibition of all its varied manufactured products. After an agita-
tion lasting some time, the idea finally crystallized into action,
and the " Industrial Exhibition " was opened in the old Rink build-
ing, on Washington street, on August 20, 1S72. The exhibit was
confined entirely to goods of Newark manufacture, and proved a
complete triumph for its projectors. Six hundred and ten exhibi-
tors were represented, althou.gh no premiums had been offered and
no extra inducements held out to prevail upon them to exhibit
their products. The exhibit was a eimiplete surprise, not only to
the city itself, but to the entire country. Visitors came from far
and near, and the President of the United States himself honored
the exhibition with his presence and praise. (Jther dignitaries fol-
lowed in his train, and no less than 130,000 citizens thronged
through its gates during the fifty-two days they were kept open.

In spite of financial depressions and commercial panics, the
city has continued, with but slight interruption,
to enlarge its industrial borders and multiply
its products during the nearly a score of
years since the holding of the Industrial
Exhibition, which was in 1S72 its wonder
and its boast.

THE FIRST LOCOMOTIVE USED IN THE STATE OF NEW JERSEV ; ULILT BY
SETII BOVDEN, IN 1838, FOR THE MORRIS & ESSEX R.\II.RO.^|).

THE CITY OF NEWARK TO-DAY.

AVING made an effort in the pre-
ceding chapters of this work to set
forth simply and briefly the ear-
lier history of the city of Newark
from its settlement to the present
time, it will be the purpose of
I the following pages to exhibit and
illustrate the city as it is to-day
— its government, its public insti-
tutions and charities, its schools
and academies, its churches, its
homes, its manufactories and work
shops — in short, all the varied ac-
tivities, interests and enterprises
which make it a great, busy and
flourishing manufacturing city,
the proud home and splendid embodiment of intelligence and
industry.

The city is finely situated on the steel high roads between the
great cities of New York and Philadelphia, and on the Passaic
River. Its transportation facilities by railroad and water are un-
equalled. It is less than thirty minutes from the city of New
York by rail, and about an hour by water. Five railroads and
trains innumerable each day, transport its passengers and its
goods to and from the great metropolis, and to and from all the
countries and cities of the world.

The territorial jurisdiction of the city embraces an area of
i8 square miles. Its improved streets aggregate a length of
194 miles, of which 53 miles are paved, and its sewers a length of
i)S}4 miles. It has a combined area of 76 acres in parks. And
it now has a supply of water which for purity, wholesomeness,
sweetness and abundance, is absolutely imequalled.

As the birds-eye views of the city reproduced in this work
show, the large territory embraced within the city's limits
is well built upon, but not overcrowded. The salt marshes
or meadows in the southeastern portion of the city, are as yet
sparsely occupied by either dwellings or factories, but
even here business and manufacturing enterprise is draining and
reclaiming the marsh, and buildings and dwellings are multiply-
ing.

The innumerable factories in the city are almost without excep-
tion well and strongly built, finely ventilated and lighted, and are

excellent examples of factory and mill architecture. The dwell-
ing houses evince the prosperity and thrift of the inhabitants,
who as a rule are well and comfortably housed, while many of the
larger dwellings, as the illustrations of the handsome homes of
the city given in this work will show, are models of comfort, con-
venience and beauty.

The population of the city, according to the United States cen-
sus of i8go, was 181,518. But according to a census taken by
the city authorities a few months later it was 193,055. It is more
than probable that the latter figures are the correct ones, as the
city census was taken by tax assessors familiar with every locality
and with almost every inhabitant in their respective districts.
At the present time it is probable that the population of the city
exceeds 200,000, as the growth of the city in every direction since
the United States and the city censuses were taken has been
marvelously rapid. In 1890 a grand total of 1,554 new buildings
were erected within the city limits, of which 1,238 were dwellings;
while in i8gi, the number of new buildings was dotibtless
equally large if not larger. As these new buildings are, almost
without exception, occupied immediately upon their completion,
these figures show a large increase in the popidation of the city
within the last year and a half.

The future growth and prosperity of the city is assured, and
will be continuous, steady and vast. New manufacturing indus-
tries are constantly being attracted to the city by its magnificent
facilities for production and transportation, the reasonable prices
and rents asked for lands and factories, the low tax rate and the
jierfect police and fire protection which the city affords. And
with this constant accession of new industries and enterprises,
comes a vast and steady- flowing stream of workmen and their
families, certain of employment, present comfort and future
competence. In addition to all these, there is a large overflow
every year from the city of New York of those who look for
cheaper and quieter homes than the great metropolis can furnish.
Moreover, the industries of the city are so diversified that no
depression in any one industry can materiallj' interfere with the
general growth and prosperity of the town. Altogether, it seems
safe to predict that the cit)' of Newark will at no very distant day
be the largest and most flourishing manufacturing city in the
United States, if not in the world.

The city is both well and cheaply governed. The tax rate for
the year 1891 was only $1.82 upon each $100 of assessed valuation,

.veii:^a'a; x. /., illustrated.

and this included the county as well as the city rate. The
assessed valuation of property within the city for taxable pur-
poses was in 1S91 as follows :

Real estate $ 88,729,950

Personal properly 25,265,475

Making a total of ..$113,995,425

I \\ II \ 1. 1..

which was an increa.sc over the a.ssessed valuations
for 1889 of $11, 790, 821. The credit of the city can
scarcely be surpassed. The management <if its finances
is honest, conservative and wise ; and allhfmgh public
improvements are being constantly carried on, and
there is never any pause in the efforts of the municipal
authorities to improve, beautify and adorn the city, yet
all these public works are carried on and managed in so
wise and skillful a manner that the burden of paying
for them is scarcely felt by the ta.xpayers. So excellent
is the credit of the city that it has no difficulty in ])Iacing
such bonds as it finds it necessary to issue, at 4 and 4!^
per cent.

The inhabitants of the city are in the main enterpris-
ing, industrious, thrifty and prosperous. Considering
the size of the city, such poverty as exists within its
borders is almost insignificant. There is employment
for all who are able and willing to work, and at fair
wages, so that none, except those stricken by di.saster
or disease, need know the name of want. And for
these unfortunate and distressed charity is liberal and
abundant.

In order to give a complete view of the city in all its
interests, it is deemed necessary to give a detailed
account of the city government in all its various
branches. This seems naturally to follow at this time
before an effort is made to exhibit the great industrial,
financial and other activities of the city.

The city was first incorporated by the name of " The
Mayor and Common Council of the City of Newark,"
and this name has never been changed in all the subse-
quent legislation relating to the city and its government,
although many changes have been made in the powers,
duties and responsibilities of these officers.

The Mayor of the city at present is Joseph E. Haynes,
who has held the office for the past eight years, or for
four terms of two years each. His staff, or, if it may

be so styled, the executive department of the city government,
is very limited in its extent and personnel. The Mayor is allowed
a private secretary and one additional clerk, and, in addition,
a police officer is detailed to stand guard at the executive door
during office hours, and to act as Mayor's messenger. Not an
imposing staff, truly, but with it the Mayor of this great city
must needs be content. During the absence of the Mayor from
the city the executive, duties devolve upon the President of the
Common Council.

in times past the Common Council was a proud and important
body. Almost all the patronage of the city was exercised by it,
and the key of the city treasury was in its hands. Nearly all the
city officials were elected or appointed by it. Policemen, firemen
and lesser heroes were named and practically appointed by the
aldermen of the various wards, and consequently, an alderman in
his ward was a great and mighty man. In those days to be an
alderman was to be a king. But times have changed and alder-
men have changed with them. The Common Council has been
shorn of almost all its patronage and power, and an alderman is
no longer the great and mighty ruler that he was. Independent
commissions control the police, fire, health and other departments,
and the entire field of Public Works has been transferred to a new
and independent board. The Common Council has now but
little to do besides making the annual appropriations demanded
by the various commissions.

The Common Council, as the Board of Aldermen is styled, is
composed at present of thirty members, two aldermen being
elected from each of the fifteen wards into which the city was
until February, 1S92. divided. At a meeting of the Common
Council held February 5, 1S92, an ordinance was ])assed dividing
the city into nine wards or districts, and providing that here-
after but one alderman should be elected from each of these
nine districts. The aldermen composing the present lio.Trd are

.^ <:^

^ -

JOSEPH E. H.^VNES, PRESENT .MAYOR OF THE LTTY OK .NEWARK.

NEl\-ARA', X ./. ILLUSTRATED.

ist. LVMAN K. Kank.

2nd. Uaniei. Lynch,

3rd. Frank M. Pakkkk,

4th. Joseph P. Henderson,

5th. Frederick Bcrcw'.ssek,

6th. John H. Ihi'.c.Ei..

Edward F. McCormack,
Frederick E. Seieer.

AcOfSTCS DUSENBERRV.

Edward Goeeeer.
John H. Eev.

Wll 1,1 \M Si IIAEI'EK.

ing. The permanency of the force, thus assured, permits the
attainment of perfect discipline and efficiency, and the police
department of the city of Newark as it exists to-day, is in these
respects e<|ualled by very few, if excelled by any. The police
force numbered in iSgr, 261 officers and men, officered by a
superintendent, a chief, four captains, and the necessary suliordi-

VIEW OF THE CITY HOME.

7th. John F. M.\iian,

8th. Ei.E\> (i. Hei.i.ek,

gth. Ale.xander H. Joiinsdn,

loth. Geor<:e H. Larle,

nth. John A. Firman,

I2th. WlEEl AM Hakri(;an,

13th. Peter Ulrich,

14th. William Stainsbv,

15th. Dennis F. CIevanev,

James Fitzsimmi>ns.
w \ i son r\ no.
J.VMEs A. Arnold.
Terence SiMitii.
John Haisman.

FKEDERUK IJ. RoERIl.ll.

Ferdinand Freiensehner.
Frederick F. Bioren.

WiMIAM W.\N(;NER.

The most powerful of these commissions is the newly-created
" Board of Street and Water Commissioners," appointed by the
Mayor, under authority of an act of the Legislature passed in
1891. The first members of this board, appointed by the Mayor
in the spring of 1891, were James Smith, Jr., Dr. Hugh C. Hendry,
Thomas Harlan, Reuben Trier and Ferdinand A. Hahn. The
board was organized by the election of James Smith, Jr., to be its
president, and Enos Runyon its clerk ; Charles Marsh, superin-
tendent of works, and Edward L. Price, counsel. The powers of
this new board are very sweeping. It is " to lay out, open, grade,
alter, vacate or change the lines of streets," &c. ; "to pave,
re-pave, repair, improve or clean streets," &c. ; "to make any
street, highway or sewer constructions," Src; "to control and
regulate the use and occupation of the streets, &c.; remove by
contract ashes, <S:c.; control, operate, &c. , the public water
supply, and collect water rents and charges ; control, &c., public
parks and places, public docks," &c., (S:c.

The Police Commissioners are appointed by the Mayor and
form a non-partisan body, two of their number being chosen from
each of the great political parties. The present Police Commis-
sioners are John W. Strahan, Edward Maher, Henry Dilly and
Osceola Currier. The Secretary of the Board is Joseph M. Cox.
This board has the control and management of the Police Depart-
ment, but can only remove a police official for cause, after hear-

S.A.MUEL H. FEMbtKlON, CUV CLEKK.

XF.UAKK, X. /, ILLUSTRATEn.

nate officers. For police purposes the
city is divided into four precincts, the
first being under the command of
Capt. Michael Corbitt : the second
under the command of Capt. Andrew
J. McManus ; the third under the
command of Capt. William P.
Daly ; and the fourth under the com-
mand of Capt. Charles Glori. The
Superintendent of Police, an office
created by the Legislature of iSgi, is
William H. Brown, and the Chief of
Police is Henrj- Hopper.

The Board of Fire Commissioners
is also appointed by the Mayor, and
is likewise a non-partisan body. The
present Fire Commissioners are
Edward Schickhaus, Marcus L.
L)e Voursney, Henry R. Baker and
Hugh Kinnard. The Superintendent
of the Fire Department is William C.
Astley, and the Chief of the Fire
Department is Robert Kiersted. The
department possesses eleven steam
fire engines, three hook and ladder
companies, and one chemical engine.
It has an elaborate and complete fire-
alarm telegraph system, and fire-
alarm signal bo.xes, so that a tire in
any part of the city may be reached
by the tire engines at once. In
addition to the engines maintained by
the Fire Department of the city, the
Board of Fire Underwriters maintain
a Salvage Corps, whose duties are
sufficiently indicated by its name.
The city is thus amply and efficiently
I^rotected from fire.

The Board of Assessment and
Revision of Taxes is also appointed *• Ji i>si>n ci.xkk,

by the Mayor. Its duties are to make all assessments of all prop-
erty within the city for ta.xable purposes, to keep proper records
thereof, to revise the same whenever necessary, and to hear and
determine all appeals from citizens in matters of taxation. The
present members of this board are Philip Lowy, Henry (J. Darcy,
Marcus S. Richards, Paul W. Roder and Owen F. Conlon. The
Secretary of the Board is John J. Berrv.

The Commissioners of the Sinkiog Fund are Robert F.
Ballantine, Frederick Frelinghuysen, Frederick H. Teese, and
the Mayor and Comptroller exofficio. The Sinking Fund is
intended to meet the various issues of city bonds as they respect-
ively fall due, and these Commissioners have charge of the
investment of the funds intrusted to their charge until such times
as they are needed for the purpose of meeting and retiring bonds.

The Board of Excise Commissioners have charge of the grant-
ing of licenses for the sale of spirituous and malt liquors and
wines within the city limits. They are at present, Herman
Schalk, Abraham Jenkinson and Peter Grace.

The Health Department is possessed, under recent legislation,
of very ample powers for the care and protecticm of the public
health of the citv. The present members of the Board of Health
are Tyler Parnily, Dr. H. C. H. Herold, Dr. Charles M. Zeh,
Alexander H. Johnson, Moses Strauss, William B. Guild, S. S.
Sargeant, Edward Dunn and Dr. F. B. Mandeville. The Health
Officer is Dr. Charles Lehlbach, Jr.

The Trustees of the City Home are the Mayor, e.x-offtcio,
Augustus Dusenberry, Dr. John B. Richmond, Dennis F. Olvaney,
Elvin W. Crane, Dr. Edward J. Ill and George W. Vernet. The
City Home is a reformatory institution for wa)-ward and truant
children, and its discipline is intended to lead them back and
accustom them to walk in ways of usefulness and sobriety.

■R. ,\ND A. JID.SON tl..M<K, JK., lAX KEl ElVEK AXli IHIEI' CLERK.

The Directors of the City Hospital are Cortlandt Parker, Henry
Lang, David II. Barnet, Philip W. Cross, George A. Halsey,
Jrihn Ilogan, J. Ward WoodrulT, Dr. P. V. P. Hewlett George
R. Kent, and the Mayor, the President of Common Council and
Chairman of Finance Committee, c.x-officio. They control and
direct the hospital maintained by the city for its suffering poor,
and also maintain at the hospital a training school for nurses.

The Free Public Library of the city is managed by a board of
trustees which is at present composed of Frederick H. Teese, L.
Spencer Goble, James Peabody, Edward H. Duryee and Samuel
J. Macdonald, besides the Mayor and the Superintendent of Public
Schools, ex-officio. The Free Library is splendidly housed and
elegantly equipped. It contains a library of almost 30,000 books,
besides a reading-room furnished with one of the most complete
lists of newspapers and periodicals, domestic and foreign, in this
country. Delivery stations (since abandoned) have been establish-
ed by the Trustees in the various outlying districts of the city, so
that the librarj- is practically brought home to all. The Librarian
at present is Frank P. Hill, a trained and experienced librarian.

The various other officers of the city, and heads of departments,
are as follows : City Counsel, Joseph Coult ; City Attorney,
Frank C. Willcox : Comptroller, James F. Connelly ; Treasurer
George W. Howell ; Auditor of Accounts, Fernando C.
Runyon ; Clerk, Samuel H. Pemberton ; Receiver of Taxes, A.
Judson Clark ; Surveyor, Ernest Adam. These officers perform
the duties which the titles of their various offices indicate.

The city also maintains two District Courts, so called, which
are for the hearing and determination of small causes and actions
between landlords and tenants. The Judge of the First District
Court is Hon. John (i. Trusdell, and the Judge of the Second

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

JOHN HtNKEI.E, STREEl COMMISblOXER, i8qi.

District Court is Hon. Thomas S. Henry. The Board of Educa-
tion, which has the control and management of the schools of
the city, will be noticed in the chapter relating to schools,
and the financial institutions, manufactories, etc., of the city in
various appropriate chapters.

The city of Newark is the county seat of Essex county. New
Jersey, a large and populous county. This brings within the city
the several county officials, some of whom, indeed, are bette."
known than some of the city officials. The principal cotmty

I'UILIP LOWV, PRESIDENT BOARD OK .ASSESSMENT AND REVISION OF TAXES.

officials are: David A. Depue, Justice of the New Jersey Supreme
Court and Judge of the Essex County Circuit Court ; Andrew
Kirkpatrick, Judge of the Essex County Common Pleas Court,
Orphans' Court, Special Sessions, Quarter Sessions and Oyer and
Terminer Courts ; Michael J. Ledwith and Dr. Charles M.
Buttner, Associate Judges of the last named courts ; Jacob
Haussling, Sheriff, and George M. Titus, Under Sheriff ; County
Clerk, Samuel A. Smith ; Surrogate, John B. Dusenberry ;
Register of Deeds, Richard E. Cogan ; Prosecutor of the Pleas,

HERMAN SCHALK, PRESIDENT EXCISE COMMISSIONERS.

JOHN S. BELL, EX-CHIEF U. S. SECRET SERVICE.

.VEU'ARK, X. /., II.LCSTK \TED.

or District Attorney, Elvin W. Crane ; Collector and Treasurer.
Thomas J. Regan : Auditor. Hugo (leissele.

Newark is also a port of entry of the United States, having
been so created in the year i"i34. The United States (Jovernnient,
therefore, maintains a Custom-house here, in addition to its
Internal Revenue Collector's department, Pc)st-( )ffice, etc. The
Collector of the Fort of Newark is Kli H. Reynolds, his deputy,
William J. Martin. The Collector of Internal Revenue for the
district in which Newark is included, is (ieorge H. Large ;
Deputy Collector. Samuel V. S. I'.rucn. All lhe^e gentlemen

ii^r.i.bi-l. r^ n^Kl.K^^-LK. ALLiLKMaN, VUl UAKh.

have their offices in the Post-Office building. The Postmaster of
Newark is Edward L. Conklin ; Assistant Postmaster, William
F. Utter.

IlRFHr.KS OVKR THE r.XSSAIC.

Nine bridges span the Passaic River at Newark, and a tenth is
projected and will no doubt be erected within a short time.
Three of these bridges are for the accommodation of vehicles and
foot passengers ; the other six are viaducts owned and used by
the various railroads which enter the city. Two of the railroad
viaducts furnish accommodation also for foot passengers, so that

GEORGE H. LAKCE, ALDERMAN, ml H WAKI-.

ELIAS G. HELI.ER. AI.DEKMAN, 8i H WARD.

^^£]f'JJ^A'. X. /., II.LL'STRATED.

JAMES CHRi^llE, ALDERMAN. 5TH UAKfi.

pedestrians may avail themselves of the conveniences of live
bridges when desirous of crossing to the other bank of the
Passaic. Of the three bridges open to public travel, two are
owned and maintained by the counties of Essex and Hudson
jointly, and are free bridges ; the third is owned by the Newark
Plank Road Company, which still exacts toll from those who cross
it. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company owns two of the
railroad \-iaducts — those at Market street and at Centre street
respectively — and the Central Railroad Company, the Delaware,
Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, the Erie Railwav

GEORGE IIEINKEL, ALIIER.M.AN, laTH W.ARl'.

Company and the Xew York and Greenwood Lake Railway own
one each.

The first of these bridges to be constructed was the one crossing
from the foot of Bridge street to the town of Harrison, now known
as the " Newark free bridge." It was formerly the property of a
turnpike company operating a turnpike from Newark to Jersey
Chy, and could be crossed onl)- upon the payment of toll. In
1S72 it was purchased by the counties of Essex and Hudson,
under authority of an act of the Legislature, for the sum of
§70,000, each county pa\-ing one-half of this amount. A few

ANDREW R.\r.>EL, ALl'EKMAN. iiTH WAKii.

liENEDR r l_LKi>_H. Ai-DLKMAN. i;lH WAKl'.

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

HtNK\ '.. NADI.EH. AI.PLKMAN. 4! II HAKl'

years later, in 1880, it was replaced by a handsome iron bridge,
erected by the two counties jointly at a cost of Siis.'xxi.

The " Plank road ' bridge, as it is commonly culled, crosses the
river at the foot of Ferry street. It is still the property of the
Newark Plank Road Company, and toll is exacted by that com-
pany of those who cross it. It is used verj- largely by teamsters
passing between Newark and New York, and it is imly a question
of a ver)- short time when it must be purchased by the two
counties of Essex and Hudson, replaced by a substantial iron
structure, and made free. It is not now a credit to the ci:v.

JO>EI'll r. IIEM.EK;!,;.. .v.. Li■.^A^•. 4III WARD.

although it is undoubtedly highly profitable to the company
owning it.

The second free bridge crosses the river at the foot of Clay
street, connecting Newark with the township of Kearny. It was
built by the two counties of Essex and Hud-son at an expense of
S75.<Joo, and is a very substantial and commodious iron bridge,
resting upon stone piers and abutments. An electric street
railway will soon cross this bridge connecting Newark through
Kearny with Arlingt<m. As there are several very large mills in
Kearny this bridge is of the ver\- highest convenience, both to

WAT30.V RVSO. ALDERMAN 8TH, WARn.

.OHN IIUEGEl.. AI.IIERMAN, fTH WARD.

NFAVARK, X. /., I I.f.USTRATED.

MOSES STRAUSS, MEMBEK UK ilEALTll BOARfJ.

MARTIN BROSS, MARKET CLERK.

tile manufactui'urs' heavy teams, and also to the operatives, many of
whom reside, and almost all of whom do their shopping, in Newark.

Another free bridge is projected, to cross the river at a point
lower down, and connect the lower part of the city with the town
of Harrison. This would open up the development of both sides
of the river, especially the Harrison side, and would save teams
and passengers coming from the east of the Pennsylvania Rail-
road a long round-about journey to the free bridges at Bridge or
Clay streets.

It is a question of but a few years when the Passaic river will
be spanned \)\ free bridges, connecting every part of the city

along its right bank with the bank opposite. And this will
undoubtedly effect in a short time the annexation of the towns of
Harrison and Kearny, to Newark. An agitation looking toward
this end has been on foot for a considerable time among the
citizens of Harrison and Kearny, and committees have been
appointed to secure the necessary legislation, and it is without
doubt safe to prophesy that before many years have elapsed, the
city of Newark will spread out on both banks of the Passaic, a
great manufacturing city, of magnificent proportions and popula-
tion, embracing a territorial area, exceeded by that of very few
of the great cities of the world.

DR. PHII.U' ROTH, DISTRICT PHYSICIAN.

UILI.IA.M CORBITT, SCl'ERIXTENDENT OF CITY DOCK.

.XEliJRK. X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

ItH. L. M. /.KH.

EUVVAKII nUNN.

THE BOARU OK IIEAI^TH.

PROBABLY no tiepartment of the city government is better
equipped for the performance i^f its miportant duties than
the Health Board, and perhai)s none, where the ample powers
conferred by the State I-egislature are exercised, with greater

discretion. Its chief function being the maintenance of tlic pub-
lic health, it is little wonder that the law-making powers clothed
this board with authority akin to extraordinary, for often in the
work of seeking out the lurking places of (ilth, purposely concealed

F.X-JUDOF. I'ALL W. ROIIER.

DK. WIl.MAM m LS

A'EiFAJiK. A\ A, ILLUSTRATED.

JOHN A. FURMAU, ALDERMAN IlTll WAKII.

PETER LT.RICH, AI-FIERSIAN I3TH WAKH.

by the ignorant or such as are viciously inclined, the strong hand
of the law must needs becalled in as an efficient helper. It needs
no other evidence to satisfy the most inquisitive of the general
healthfulness of the city of Newark than data furnished by the
Health Board. The low death rate, the very great freedom of the
city from epidemics, or endemics, shows very plainly the fact of
the faithful performance of duties by the Board itself, and the
efficiency of its officers, agents and inspectors, to whom is entrusted
the work in detail.

The abundant supply of pure mountain spring water flcnving
through the streets and into the domiciles of the citizens is doing
much to aid the Health Board in the great work of making New-
ark the cleanliest and healthiest city in the country. It has many
other advantages which are wonderful helpmates to cleanliness

and consequent healthfulness. Among these location is all im-
portant. Just far enough from the sea to have the air sufficiently
charged with salt as to make it wholesome, and close to the Pas-
saic River and Newark Bay, great natural channels which serve as
main outlets for the hundreds of sewers forming a perfect net-work
under the streets of the city and carrying all the sewerage matter
awaj- to sea. Then the rolling nature of the ground upon which
the city is built — foot-hills indeed of the Orange Mountains which
skirt its western boundary — giving to a large proportion of its
people not only a beautiful mountain scenery upon which the eye
can dwell with satisfaction, but to their building plots as the hills
recede to the river and sea, a drainage by nature unsurpassed by
any city in the country.

WILLIAM WANGNER, ALDERMAN 15TH WARn.

JOHN H. ELY, ALDERMAN 5TH WARD.

THE POLICE DEPARTMENT.

:i-

ff^S^^ _ IlK citizens of Newark are modestly proud of
'V.. — aK5i\ '^* discipline and efficiency of the Police
^ K^^ Department of the city. In these respects
^S T J^ it falls little, if any, short of those which are
*^ acknowledjjed to be foremost. Takinj; into

consideration the limited means at the disposal
of the Board of Police Commissioners, the
liigh standard of excellency attained by the
department, and the well-nigh perfection of
the equipments and appliances, speak volumes
in praise of the ability and integrity of the Commissioners and
the skill and fidelitj- of the officers and men of the department.
The conservatism and economy of the Common Council of the
city, which makes the appropriations for this as well as almost
all the departments of the city government, the charter limitation
of the municipal expenditures, and the persistent and politic
desire of the appropriating power to keep the annual tax rate
in the city as low as possible — all these causes o])erate to keep
the appropriations for police purposes within the narrowest
possible limits. Consequently the growth of the police force in
point of size has not kept pace with the rapid growth of the city
in po])ulation and area. The intelligent citizen who deems it
his duty to inform himself U]x>n municipal affairs, cannot fail
but be convinced that our police force is insufficient in numliers
for so large a city. He can only hope that in the very near future
this deficiency shall be supplied, and in the meantime congratu-
late himself and the city upon the hearty, enthusiastic and

efficient services rendered by these gallant guardians of the
public safety.

Under the charter of the city, the Common Council was given
the right " to establish, organize and control a day and night
police, and to regulate and define the manner of their appoint-
ment and removal, their duties and their compensation." This
ixiwer the Common Council employed to establish the Police
Department and, mainly through its Police Committee, to regu-
late it. Appointments to the force being in the hands of the
Aldermen and the Police Committee, and there being no restric-
tions upon the power of the Common Council to remove from the
force for political or other reasons, it came about naturally that
appointments were often the rewards of party service, and
removals the penalty of adhering to the vanquished party. This
condition finally l>ecame notori<ms and the Police Department
suffered not alone in discipline and efficiency, but also in the lack
of respect entertained for it by the community at large. At
length those interested in the welfare and progress of the city
sought to devise a remedy for these evils, and the result of their
efforts was the passage, in the year eighteen hundred and eighty-
five, by the Legislature of the State, of an act entitled " An Act
to remove the fire and police departments in the cities of this
State from political control."

This act provided that, in each of the cities in the State which
should elect to ado]jt its provisions, a Board of Police Commis-
sioners should be nominated by the Mayor and confirmed by the
Common Council. This Board was to consist of four members,

GROUP C)l' IHK I Ik

XEirARA\ X. J., ILLUSTRATED

JOHN W. STRAHAN, PRESIDENT l'OLIi:E COMMISSIONERS.

'SeEoLA », UKKIER. roLICE COMMISSIONER.

" two of whom shall be selected from each of the two political appointed. This Board was directed to make detailed reports to

parties, which shall have cast or polled the greatest number of the Common Council monthly, and the Common Council was

votes at the last preceding municipal election." This of course, given power to expel any member of the Board " on good cause

meant that, at least at the time of the first appointment of the shown, and after a trial of such Commissioner before such

Commissioners, two Democrats and two Republicans should be Common Council."

HENRY DII.lv, POLICE COMMISSIONER.

EinVARD MAUER, POLICE COMMISSIONER.

X/-:irARK. .v. /., ILLUSTRATED.

UILIIA.M H. I'.ROUN, St l-EKI S I EN fK-S 1 '<V I'MLli E

HENRV HOrPER, ClllEK OK lOLHE.

Subject to such super%Msion lln.- Hm;iii1 «.i> i^ivcn the entire
cuntrol of the Police Department, and the power of appointment
thereto and removal therefrom. Removals, however, were only
to be made for j;ood cause and after trial, and never for political
reasons. This act was adopted m Newark by an almost unani-
mous popular vote.

The result of this wise lejjislation has been the almost, if not
entirely, complete emancipation of the Police Department
of the city from the shackles of partisanship, and a gradual
and steady improvement in the discipline and efficiency of the
force. Officers and men now realize that their term of office
does not depend upon the favor or displeasure of some petty
ward " boss," or upon the strength and reach of their political

" pull," but solely upon their ca|)al>ilities and their fidelity to
duty. They are therefore, u]X)n their good behavior. They have
the time and the confidence in the permanency of the terms of
their offices to study the responsibilities and duties of their
respective positions, and to consider how the efficiency and the
discipline of the department may be elevated and improved. It is
safe to say that no thoughtful citizen, however strong a partisan
politically, would now have the old methods of control of the
Police Department reinstated.

The State Legislature of 1S91 passed an act providing for the
appointments of Superintendents of the Police Departments in
cities of the first class in the State, meaning Jersey City and
Newark. The act provided for the appointment of such

iasnlr^

9p7 •-« » •

mm\

^-'^ .A_iit: Uj/* A.v<

I l'()LICE SQUAD.

NEWARK, X. /, ILLUSTRATED.

FIRST CRIMINAL COURT JUDGE HOWARH W. IIAVl ^

rOLICE SURGF.OX J. 11. I l.AKK.

Superintendent by the Mayor of the city, and that when have charge and command of the Police Department respectively

appointed he should hold office during good behavior, and be of such city, above and superior to all the other officers thereof,

removable " only for cause after trial.' Such Superintendents. Under the authority of this act, the Mayor appointed ex-Sheriff

under the direction of the Police Boards of such cities, were to William H. Brown, the genial and popular president of th; Joel

GKUL'l' ul' IHK THlkl) PRECIXCT HOLICE SljUAD.

XEUARK. \. /, ILLLSTRATED.

CAPTAIN MK.IIAKL COKHITT.

CAI'TAIN ANIIKKW J. M MANUS.

Parkt-r Associati'm, Supcrinuinicnt tnr the Pdicc Department.
This gentleman was widely and well known ihrimghnut the
city, of excellent standing and reputatinn. and consequently
the Superintendent was well received by the citizens at large.

According to the annual report of the Board of Police Commis-
sioners to the Common Council for the year iSiji. bearing date
January i, 1S92, the number of men constituting the police force
at that date was two hundred and forty-eight, and all other
officers and employees of the department fifteen, making the
total strength of the department, including the Board of Commis-
sioners, two hundred and sixty-three. Not a very imjjosing or
extravagant array surely, for a city containing a population of
two hundred thousand.

01 this number ninety-five are made up of Commissioners,
officers, detectives, employees, '•cliancenien" and detailed men,
leaving the number of patrolmen only one hundred and sixty-
eight. This is manifestly an insufficient number of men to
properly patrol and guard the city. A city of the large area and
great population of Newark should properly have twice that
number.

The members of the Board of Police Commissioners for the
year 1892, are John W. Strahan. Henry Dilly, Edward Maher,
and Osceola Currier. The President of the Board is Commis-
sioner Strahan and the Secretary Joseph M Cox.

Connected with the Police Department are three Police Courts,
now known, by authority of an act ])assed by the Legislature of

CAPTAIN WILLIAM P. DALY.

CAPTAIN CHARLES GLORI.

4°

NEWARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

HEN.IAMIN H. VAN NESS, FOLICE JUSTICE, 1S90.

JOHN A. ROliRIGCi, I'OLICE JUSTICE, iSqo.

1S92. as the First, Second and Third Criminal Courts. Howard Preisel of the Third. The clerks of these Courts are John J.
W. Ha^-es, a counsellor at law, is Judge of the First Criminal Bertram, William Lomax, Jr., and John P. Fannan, of the First,
Court, Redmond P. Conlon of the Second, and Frederick C. Second and Third, respectivel)-.

- -a.

VIHW (IX I'.Ril.M) STRKKT LMOKIXd SDl'l'll lUll.M .M.XRKET STREET.

THE FIRE DEPARTMENT.

i >

IIK.NKV K. IIAKEK. I'RESIIieNT.

I-.IIWAKD SCIi:CKIIAl ?

-:->^ IHl-: liOARD OK KTRE COM M I tSSIO.N i: K>> •'<-

< >

HIGH KINNARU.

u M. n. VAN Ilia 1 Lis.

NFJVARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

WILLIAM C. ASTLEY, SUPERINTENDENT EIRE DE I'ART.MEXT.

THE KIRE DEPARTiVIEMT.

EVERY citizen is justly proud of the Fire Department of the
city. In respect to discipline, efficiency, promptitude, ardor
and fidelity, it is not surpassed by any fire department in any
city. It is sufficient evidence of the competence and efficiency
of the city's fire department to adduce the fact that for many
years the city has not suffered from any large or extensive fire,
although there have been many fires which would unquestionably
have developed mto vast conflagrations had they not been
promptly and skillfullj^ combatted and checked. An alarm of
fire being given, firemen and engines are at the spot almost with
the suddenness of a fair\^ tale, not only to check and extinguish
the fire, but also to protect and save surrounding property.

The report of the Superintendent of the Fire Department, Mr.
William C. Astley, bearing date Januarj? i , i S92 , shows that at that
date the total manual force of the department was one hundred
and thirty-eight men. The apparatus in use by the department

KI.'IiLKl KlLRMLAIi, CHlhl TIRE DEPARTMENT.

consisted of nine second-class steam fire engines, three third-class
steam five engines, twelve four-wheeled hose wagons, tenders to
steamers, three four-wheeled hose carriages, tenders to steamers,
one aerial hook and ladder truck, two trestle, side hook and ladder
trucks, three chemical engines, seventeen wagons for use of
officers and for exercise of horses and one two-wheeled gig. The
department also has reserve apparatus as follows : Two second-
class steam fire engines, four four-wheeled hose carriages and one
trestle-side hook and ladder truck.

L.JLls .\L PRICE, DlaTKlCT ENGINEER.

ISAAC W. TOWNSEND, BUILDING INSPECTOR. iSqi.

A'FJVARK, A'. /.. ILLUSTRATED.

ADAM BUSCH, SUIT. HKE ALARM TELEI'.K AI'H.

MARCUS L. DEVOURSNEV, EX-COMMISSIONER FIRE DEI'ARTMKNT.

The cost of maintaining the Kire Departmunt during the year
iSgi was S175.171.S8, certainly not an extravagant sum for a city
as large as Newark.

The members of the Board <if Commissioners of the Fire
Department are Henry R. Baker. President. Edward Schickhaus,
Hugh Kinnard and James H.
Van Houten. The Secretary of
the Board is Horace H. Brown.

The Salvage Ci>q>s is independ-
ent of the Fire Department, but
may properly be mentioned here
as part of the fire-fighting force
of the city. It was organized
twelve years ago by the L'nder-
writers' Protective Association,
to protect and save from fire and
water, as far as possible, property
and goods which might otherwise
be entirely or partly ruined.

The citizens of Newark can
feel that the money they expend
in the maintenance of their Fire
Department is not wasted or
thrown awaj-. They get their
money's worth every day. There
are fires, indeed, still occurr-
ing, but they are fought and ex-
tinguished so promptly that the
consequent damage is simply
trifling where, but for the skill and
efficiency of the firemen, it would
certainly be enormous.

Too much can scarcely be said
of the dangers often undergone in
the discharge of their duties by
firemen. Their devotion to duty
in emergencies is never measured
by the size of their pay but only

by the necessity of the case. Not until some fireman loses his life
in the discharge of his duty, does the careless public awaken to a
sense of the dangers of their calling and the heroism they display.
But every day without blare of trumpet or blazon of fame, equally
heroic deeds are done bv these brave and fearless men.

ENGINE COMPANY NO. 5, PROSPECT STREET.

COUNTY INSTITUTIONS AND OFFICES.

LTIIOUGH the pride of the ordinary Newarker
cannot point admiringly or with exviltant
finger at the ancient pile known as the Essex
County Court House and its Hall of Records
close 1)V,

he can
boast with-
out fear of

gainsayi n g the

fact that as pure

and well learned
a judiciary hold courts in the
one, and as wide awake and
far-seeing a recording corps
keep the records in the other,
as can be found in any shire
town in the State or Nation.
In the Court house are the
business offices of the several
county officials, as well as the
Circuit Court, and various
County Court and Grand
Jury Rooms. The Supreme
Court Judge presiding in this
Judicial District is the Hon.

David A. Depue, who holds court in the south room, and has
done so for the past score of years and upwards, and so well is he
liked personally, and so eminently distinguished, and so evidently
just and fair are his decisions, that he is very likely to remain
upon the bench as long as his faculties hold and life lasts.

In the north room sits Judge Andrew Kirkpatrick amid his
associates. Judges Michael J. Ledwith and Carl F. Buttner, the
one sttting upon the right and the other upon the left, and often
helping the Judge to unravel some very knotty skeins of criminal

or business justice.

On entering the building
the visitor is ushered into the
offices of the popular County
Surrogate, John B. Dusen-
berry, whose father, the late
lamented Henry T. Dusen-
berry, was at one time County
Clerk of Essex county. His
assistants are Charles D.
Hennion, C. Harry Guild,
John J. Berry, Jr., and Miss
Helen W. Van Ness.

(_)n the opposite side of the
corridor are the offices of the
High Sheriff, Mr. Jacob
Haussling, who is one of the
most deservedly popular and
efficient .sheriffs with which
Essex county has been so
liberally blessed in the past.
His Under Sheriff, George M. Titus, was a rising young lawyer,
who was fast winning laurels in his profession, but forsook them
for the time being in order to help his friend Haussling adminis-
ter the affairs of his high office. Sheriff Haussling has been
peculiarly successful in the selection of his constabulary assistants.

TRT lim sE.

JACOB H.iUSSLlNG, SHERIFF.

ELVIN W. CR.\XE, I'LELIC PROSECUTOR.

XEU'ARK. X. /., ri.I.l'STRATED.

'■^ — 1.JTJ—

SAMUEL A. SMITH, lolNrV CLEKK.

Ji>IIN II. mSENHEKKV, SLKRliOATK

On the same rtoor to the rear is fouml the office of the Clerk of <>l the County Auditor. Mujjo J (ieissele, and County Collector

the County, Samuel A. Smith. One of Mr. Smith's predecessors Thomas J. Regan, polite and painstaking gentlemen with whom

in this office was his father. Dr. William A. Smith, who has it is a pleasure to transact business. They are assisted in the

lately departed this life full of honor and years. performance of their duties by Mr. Harry Housel, who has filled

On the same floor, in the southeast corner, are found the offices his pi>sition acceptably for several years.

■•

.C-

1 . ,

-1!;;^

#^NiM

IT,

RICIIAKD E. COGAX, REGISTEK.

HUGO J. CEISSELE, COLXTY ACUITOR.

NEWARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

GEORGE M. TITUS, UNDER SHERIFF.

On the same floor are also found the offices of the County
Prosecutor, Elvin W. Crane, and his assistant, Louis Hood
Next to and opening out of the Prosecutor's office is the Grand
Jury room, where during each of the three stated terms of court
held every year, twenty-three good men and true are gathered to

khutx w. hine, ex-mii;riff.

hear complaints, investigate the acts of wrongdoers, and find bills
of mdictment against criminals and others. Timothy E. Scales is
the popular and painstaking Clerk of the Grand Jury.

The visitor is next ushered into the Hall of Records. On
ascending the first short flight of stairs he finds double doors
opening into the Hall of Records, where Richard E. Cogan pre-
sides over the great volumes containing the public records of the
county. Here goes on in a silence almost painful the work of
recording the records as well as the recording of deeds, mortgages
and other paper records of titles.

CORNELIUS LE.VRV, FREEHOLDER \1i\> PRES'T ESSEX COUNTY RO.\D BOARD.

SOLOMON DE JONGF., FREEHOLDER.

NEWARK. X. /, rTJ.rSTRATED.

OWKN A. CAHILI., FREEHOLDER.

Astcnding to the third storj' the hall is reached where the
Board of Chosen Freeholders hold their monthly eonclave and
lesnslate for the county. The Board formerly consisted of forty
members but a recent law reduced the number to ten. Dr. Tiesler.
of Orange, is Director, Joseph Atkinson is Clerk, and Fred. W.
Stevens is Counsel of the Board. The Board is at present com-
f)osed of the ff)llo\ving members: Patrick Lupton, J. J. Berry,
Ellis R. Carhuff. Solomon Dejonge, John Scanlan. Thomas W.
Kinsey, Owen A. Cahill. Cornelius Leary. Charles Winckler.
James Peck.

HEIER M. MLI.LIN, KKEEHOLDER, (DECEASEM.)

The Freeholders are selected from the seyeral Assembly
districts in the county, the same as members of the State Legis-
lature, and conduct the general business of the county, which is
principally carried out by committees who report through the
Chairman at the Board meeting, held once a month.

DR. THOMAS DU.NN ENGLISH, REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS.

GEORGE H. LARGE, INTERNAL REVENUE COLLECTOR.

A-/':ir.lA'A\ A'. /., ILLUSTRATED.

•m-

The public institutions are the Ci)unty Penitentiary at Cald-
well, the County Jail in Newark, and County Retreat or Insane
Asylum on South Orange avenue. The Penitentiary is under the
care of Warden John Murray, who is held responsible for the
administration of the prison affairs. The committee having the
care of this institution visit it twice every month. The County
Jail is under the care of Jail Warden McMonagle, who takes his
orders from the Prison Supply Committee, who meet twice a
month at the Jail and Penitentiary.

The Insane Asylum is under the care of the Committee on
Lunacy of the Board of Freeholders. The Physician and Super-
intendent is Dr. Livingston S. Hinrklej-. There are nearly five
hundred patients in this institvrtion.

A visitor to one and all of these county resorts of the sick and
unfortunate is at once struck with the high degree of neatness
and order seen everywhere, and the deep interest taken in the
welfare of patients or prisoners is abundantly manifest to the
most casual observer.

But not until the Egytian pile at the head of Market street has
gone the way of all things which have had their day, and a new
Court House has been built, worthy in all respects of the great
and growing county of Essex, will the smile of satisfaction light
up the faces of a progressive people who have been striving for
years to induce the Board of Freeholders to wake from their
lethargy and build a new Court House.

The Essex Countv Insane Asvlum.

DURING the year of 1S71 there was only one State Asylum
for the Insane, that of Trenton. The county of Essex
maintained there no patients. The report was received by the
Board of Freeholders to the effect that the Asylum there was so
crowded that but few, if any more, patients could be received.
The State Asylum at Morris Plains though nearly completed,
was far from that point at which the)- could receive patients, so
the question of obtaining an entrance to asylums in other States
was discussed, and overtures were made to the authorities at
Ward's Island, Blackwell's Island, New York, and as far away as
the State Asylum at Vermont, without success. The Committee
on Lunacy of the Board of Freeholders at that time were David
J. Canfield, Wm. M. Freeman, Wm. Gorman, Melancthon Smith

and Wm. Cadmus. In January, 1872, this committee reported
that the exigencies of the situation required immediate relief,
and in February they recommended to the Board to lease the
property bounded by Camden and Bank streets and Fairmount
avenue, and to erect suitable pavilions thereon for the temporary
care of the insane.

In 1872 the Lunacy Committee erected buildings ai: a cost of
815,600 on the above site, which were opened for the reception of
patients Aug 27, 1872. Fifteen patients were transported from
the State Asylimi at Trenton, and nineteen were received from
the Newark Almshouse. Major John Leonard was appointed

LIVINGSTON S. HINCKLEV, .\I. D., SUPERINTENDENT OE THE ESSEX
C( UNTY .\SYLUM FOX THE INSANE.

jV£II'.4A'A-, .v. /., ILLUSTRATED.

Mil 11 AKI. T. llAKRtTT, STATE aENATuK.

>.KOKl.l. iV. kKICIUM, AS9LMK1.V.MAN.

warden, and Dr. J. A. Cm.t.^ u.i^ elected to the position of
physician. In 1S73 the asylum contained sixty patients.

In 1S73 the Committee on Lunacy, composed of I). J. Canfield,
Wm. Cadmus. Dr. David S. Smith. Ira II. Smith. D. M. Skinner
and the director, Kdgar Farmer, reported t 1 the Hoard the

necessity of procuring a permanent site for the erection of an
asylum for future needs. July y, i,S74, various sites were reported
to the Board for selection. During this year it was found
necessary to enlarge the Camden Street Asylum at an expense
of S7.000 to accommodate the number applying for admission.

l.KUNAKK KALISCll, AaSEMHLy MAX.

joiix XEiiiER. as.si:mi:lvman

5°

XEU'ARK, X. J., ILLUSTRATED.

GEORGE RABENSTEIN, EX-ASSEMBLYMAN.

llInMAS SMITH, ASSEMBLYMAN, COMMISSIONER TO COLUMBIAN EXHIBITION.

For the next two years matters progressed slowly in this ques- asvlum. The committee on site, after examining seven sets of

tion, public sentiment being thoroughly weighed, and the Board plans, finally reported favorably upon the present one in iSSo.
after ntmierous discussions, finally in 187S, when the Camden In :May, 1SS3, the Lunacy Committee reported 333 patients

street register indicated that 200 patients were being cared at Camden Street Asylum and presented the overcrowded condi-
for, decided to push the matter of building a permanent

CHARLES TREFZ, EX-ASSKMBI.VMAN.

JOHN J. BEKTRA.NL EX-ASSEMBLVMAN.

NFJrARK. X. /., ILLUSTRATED

ll|MMA> K. IWANACII, ASSKMKl.VMAN.

AI;NLK KAL1---11. '-■'LNsl-l.uK-A 1-l.AU.

tion. recommending that addition be made to accommodate lOo
more without delay. The new building had thus far cost S56.oo<i.
and was far from completion to accommodate the patients at
Camden Street Asylum. The warden reported during that year
that to date, that by the adoption of county care for the insane,
that Essex county had been saved up to date $243,895.58, com-
pared with State Asylum charges.

In 1SS3 the Grand ]\\x\. of which Leslie D. Ward was foreman,
made a presentment advising better direct medical care of the
insane in the County;Asvlum.

At the September meeting, 1S84, James E. Howell introduced
the resolution changing the system of internal management, /. e.,
placing a competent physician in full charge as superintendent,
which was adopted.

On November 9 the patients Vere removed from Camden street
to the new building on South
Orange avenue. 351 in all.

On December 15, at the meeting
of the Board, IJr. Livingston S.
Hinckley was elected to the office
of Superintendent and commenced
the duties November 19, 1SS4.
Since this time the asylum has
grown to enormous proportions,
the number of patients have in-
creased to 570, and at this writing
the final wing of the building
which was added this year is Hear-
ing completion. IJr. Hinckley's
ten years' experience has been of
benefit to this important charge,
and the reputation of the asylum
is very good. It is classed as a
standard institution, its percentage
of recoveries is very high and the
mortality very low, and the people
of Essex county are to be congrat-
ulated in that, aside from caring
for their insane at home, they are
saved over fifty thousand dollars
per year by the method.

The Internal Kk\'knue Dehartmenx.

SINCE the enactment by Congress of the law of July i, 1862,
entitled "An act to provide Internal Revenue to support
the Government and to pay interest on the public debt," the city
of Newark has been the seat of one of the most important collec-
tion agencies of the Government.

When at the outset, the necessities of the Government required
taxes from all possible sources, the State was sub divided into
five collection districts, Newark being the headquarters of the
" 5th." As from time to time the tax was removed from different
articles, the number of the districts was reduced until now there
are but two in the State. The First District with headquarters
at Camden, and the Fifth with headquarters at Newark, all the
others having been merged into the present Fifth District, while

'' '■ -'

■■1

■\

|3^|S^

III

VIEW AT WASHIN-OTON PARK, ADJOINING WASHIXOION PLACE.

XFlJ'ARk-, X. J . ILLl'STRATED.

DR. D. M. DILL, PENSION SURGEUN.

IJR HLGH P. ROUEN, FENsKiN SLRGECIN.

internal taxes are collected from the manufacture and sale of
fermented and distilled liquors, cigars, tobacco and oleomarga-
rine, only.

The Fifth District now comprises the counties of Essex, Union,
Hudson, Passaic, Middlesex, Morris, Bergen, Sussex, Somerset,
Warren and Hunterdon, with its main office in the Government
building at Newark, an auxiliary office in Jersey City, and stamp
selling deputies at Paterson, Millstone and Helmetta.

The total collections of the district for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1S91, were 84,005,411.71, of which §1 523,000 came from
beer and $2,053,247 from tobacco ; the percentage of the total cost
of the entire collections of the district amounting to the sum of
$47,300.11, or i.iS 100 per cent.

Of this vast sum the city of Newark and its immediate vicinity
was a large contributor, with its eighteen breweries, its fourteen
tobacco manufacturers, and its 21S cigar manufacturers. The

brewing interests alone paying about Si ,000,000 in annual taxes.

The force employed in the Newark olfice in addition to the
Collector, consists of one chief deputy, a cashier, six deputy
collectors, two clerks, a ganger and messenger. Of these Mr. S.
V. .S. Bruen, the chief deputy, has occupied his present position
for fourteen consecutive years, and by his executive ability and
experience, has contributed largely toward maintaining the high
grade the district has always sustained, both at Washington and
with the patrons of the office.

There have been seven different collectors since 1S62. as
follows: D. M. Wilson, to October 31, 1S65 ; A. H. AVallis, to
October 31, 1S66 ; G W. Thorn, to March 31, 1S67 : Jacob Weart,
to June 19, 1S71 ; A. H. Wallis, re-appointed to May 20, 1S73 ;
R. B. Hawthorne, to June 13, 1SS5 ; Samuel Klotz, to October 31,
1S89, and George H. Large, who was appointed November i,
18S9, and is now the Collector.

IIK. J. J. D.\LY, PENSION SURGEON.

DENNIS II. HOUGHNER, BUILDING INSPECTOR, iS

THE NEWARK POST OFFICE.

HE new building, now in course of
erection, in which the Post-
Office Department, the Custom
House and the Internal Rev-
enue offices are to be accommo-
dated, ha.s long been needed
in the city. The old building,
which occupied a portion of the
site on which the new build-
ing is being erected, was out-
grown for a score of years before Congress could
be made to appreciate that fact, and when it made
the appropriation for a new post-office building
here it made it so sparingly as to be insufficient.
The new building will, however, be an ornament
to the city, and no doubt provision will be made
for the enlargement which will be required in a
few years.

The greater part of the civil and criminal busi-
ness of the United States Courts which are held
at Trenton, comes from Newark, Jersey City and
the northern part of the State, and provision
should be made for holding sessions of these
courts in Newark. Court rmjms can easily be
provided in the i:ew post-office building, and
much time and expense can be saved suitors, wit-
nesses and others in the northern part of the
Suite having business in the United States Courts.
This needed convenience will undoubtedly be
afforded in a few years at the utmost, and the city
may then feel that its growing necessities are

TIIK NK.W I'liST >>rKI(K.

EDWARD L. CONKLIN, POSTMASTER.

WILLIAM K. UTTER, ASSISTANT POSTMASTER.

XEir.AJiK, A\ /. ILLUSTRATED.

\V. F. OTIS, SUPT. NEWsI'Al'KR DEPARTMENT.

GEORGE TAVLOR. SUPT. REGISTRY IIEPARTMENT.

recognized and provided for by the Federal Government, which
has never been ver}- generous to this rapidly growing city.

The present Postmaster of the city is Edward L. Conklin, who
was appointed to this office in October, 18S9, by President Harri
son. He has been very painstaking and faithful in the perform
ance of his duties, and is always alive to the growing needs of.
the department under his supervision, and to the wants of the
large and busy community transmitting mail matter through his
office.

The financial matters pertaining to the office are ably taken
care of by his assistant, William F. Utter, and as he had long
experience in the Post-Office, he is well qualified to assist the Post-
master in the management.

The carriers' department is in charge of William .Saul as
Superintendent, an old and tried employe, and one who knows

what a carrier ought to do and how the cit}- should be served.

The clerks are in charge of William F. Otis, as Superintendent.
He also has charge of the newspaper and periodical matter, and to
him is due the methods used to bring the clerks up to a better or
more proficient standard in the distribution of such matter.

The mailing department is presided over by James G.
McKittrick, an old railway Post-Office clerk. His experience is of
great benefit to the clerks, to whom they look for instructions.

George Taylor is Superintendent of the registry- department, a
position he has held fourteen }-ears.

William L. Rabone is clerk in charge of the stamp depart-
ment, and owing to the immense business done there, he has
to be exceedingly careful and energetic.

Mr. Conklin is tf> be congratulated on having such an efficient
corps of employes.

WILLIAM L. RAHONE, CHIEF STAMP CLERK.

JAMES G. MC KITTKICK, SUPT. DELIVERY DEPARTMENT.

NEWARK'S EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.

HE city of Newark is abundantly supplied with
schools, public and private. Its tree public
school system is probably equal in etTiciency to
that of any city in the United States, and its
standard is among the highest. The pupil in
the public schools, entering at the most elcmen-
tixry grade, is led on by easy and almost imper-
ceptible stages, until he is either prepared for
college, or for business life in case he does not
desire academic training. Thoroughness is
the inspiration and the aim of the system, and the watchword of the

teachers. It is intended that the pupils shall know perfectly,
from root to branch, such subjects as are taught in the schools,
and such is the discipline and efficiency of the system that even
the dullard and the laggard cannr)t but choose to learn. The
public school system is very near to the hearts of the people of
Newark, who are watchfully jealous of their rights and of the
integrity and efficiency of the system. And their jealous care and
watchful anxiety is naturally represented in the Board of Educa-
tion, whom the people elect as their trustees to manage and direct
the schools. This board is at present composed of thirty mem-
bers, A list of the Commissioners is herewith given. They

GROUP OF PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDINGS.

KE]l\-iKK, X. A, fl.l.rSTRATF.D.

JOHN P. CliNlUl'-I.L, ;>Llii

Lt-)A1M1SSIUNER.

HENRY C. KI.EMM, SCHOOL COMMISSIONER.

are : Henry J. Anderson, John P. Contrell, Charles Hood, William
Johnson, Samuel H. Baldwin, Charles M. Russell, Charles F.
Kraemer, Miles F. Quinn, John H. Manning, James P. McKenna,
John B. Oelkers, John A. Loftus, Peter O'Brien, Matthew H.
Thornton, Willam A. Clark, John E. Jones, William H. Dobbins,
Joseph S. Vinson, Hugh McClynn, John O. Hunt, Peter J. Bab-
cock, Edward H. Hamill, James Mullin, Henry C. Klemm, Gott-
fried Joithe, George Saupe, L. Eugene Hollister, James L. Hays,
Ferdinand Heichemer, Joseph S. Sutphen.

The President of the Board of Education is ex-Senator James
L. Hays ; Secretary, Mr. P. Lyndon Bryce ; Assistant Secretary.
Mr. Elwood I. Shurts ; Superintendent of Erection and Repairs,
William M. Freeman.

The Board appoints a Superintendent of Public Schools who

exercises a constant daily supervision over all the public schools
in the city. This position has been ably and faithfully filled ior
years by William N. Barringer, Pd. D. Each school is directly
managed by a principal, who superintends and directs the subor-
dinate teachers, and whose duty it is to report to the Superin-
tendent and the Board any irregularity that may occur, and to
suggest whatever improvements may be necessary or useful to
the school under his charge. This constant supervision and un-
wearying watchfulness ensure the maintenance of a high standard
in the schools and keep them abreast of the progress of the time.
The city expended for the maintenance of the public schools in
the )'ear iSgi, 8461,385.46. The number of children enrolled was
25,757, and the average daily attendance was 17,678. In addition,
there was an enrollment of 3,451 in the public evening schools,

WM. \. CI..\HK, SCHOOL CO^L^^SSIONER.

CH.ARLES HOOD, SCHOOL COMMISSIONER.

NEWARK. N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

HLl-.H Mt I.I.VXN, SCHOOL COMMI-

Wll.l lAM II. IKKIMAN, SI I'ERINTKNDKNT (IK KKl'.MKS.

making the total enrollment amount to 2ii,2oS. The number of
teachers empluyetl was, male, 35: female, 414: total 441J. The
city owns 37 school buildings and rents 5, affording accommoda-
tion for 439 class rooms, and a total seating capacity of 23.500.
Additions are being constantly made to the accommodations, by
the erection nf new buildings and of additions to those already
built. The endeavor being to ktep pace as near as possible with
the rapidly growing educational needs of the city.
The Newark Technical School is the outgrowth of the Hoard of

Trade, and was organized in 1SS4. The present ofiicers are
President e.v-ojfficio (Jov. Letm Abbett ; Vice-president, James L.
Hays : Secretary, William N. Harringer, Treasurer, Moses
Bigelow ; Trustees, Augustus F. R. Martin, ("icorge H. Phillips,
Edward Weston and George H. Ketchem. The object of this
school is. as its name imi)lies, to gis-e practical instruction in the
mechanical arts.

The private schools and academies in the city are numerous
;ind excellent.

1>R. J. S. SUTPHEN, SCHOOL CO.MMISSION KK.

JOHN o. IIINI, SI IK.nl ( l IMMJSSIONER.

.XE ll'ARK. X. J. , 1 1. LI \S TRA TED.

Lafayette Street School.

THE history of the Lafayette
Street Public School runs
parallel with the historj' of the
Fifth Ward. The territory
lying east of the Pennsylvania
Railroad, then the New Jersey
Railroad, was constituted the
Fifth Ward of the city of
Newark in 1S4S, and at that
time embraced all the territory
now contained in the Fifth,
Tenth and Twelfth Wards of
the city.

In the same summer the
Common Council purchased
three tracts of land which com-
pose the present site, at a total
cost of $2,333, and contracted
for the erection of a two-story
brick building for a school, at
an additiimal cost of 85,000,
making the entire cost 87,333.

On July 3, 1849, Samuel W.
Clark was appointed principal
of the male department, and
Miss Mary Ward principal of
the female department. The
school was opened for the re-
ception of scholars on the 27th

of July in the same year. It was conducted on the Lancastrian
plan, one master having sole charge of the department. The
teaching was in great part done by the older and more advanced

L.^FAVETTE STREET I'LHLIC SCHOOL.

pupils, who themselves received instruction from the principal.
Here were gathered in the male department 265 of the neighbor-
hood, including many of the then famous " Rock Boys," a gang
of hoodlums that terrorized that portion of the city.

In April, 1S57. Mr. S. W. Clark was transferred to the South
Market -Street School, then just completed, and Joseph Clark was
transferred to the charge of this school from the Lock Street
School in the Seventh Ward .

In 1S62-63 an addition was erected on the rear and the Primary
School, heretofore located in LTnion street, was transferred to
this buikhng. About the same time the three departments were
consolidated under the direction of the male principal.

In 1S77, iSSi and 1SS4, still further additions were made to the
building, which now contains sixteen rooms, and seats 800
pupils, while the valuation has gone up from 87,333 to 850,000 at
the present time. It is one of the most convenient of the school
buildings of the city. From among its pupils are many who
have occupied positions of trust and honor, and who are now
found among our most esteemed citizens.

Principal Joseph Clark was born in Sj'racuse, New York, of
New England ancestry. He received his education in the
Fayetteville Academy, an institution of considerable note in that
part of the State. He came to Newark in the fall of 1848. In
1S51 he was appointed as assistant teacher in the Lafa\-ette -Street
Public School. In 1S54 he was promoted to the principalship of
the Lock Street (now WicklilTe) School, and in 1S57 he was
transferred to the Lafayette Street Public School, where he still
presides. During his long service in the schools of the city he
has been closely identified with the interest of that portion of the
city, and has been a prominent factor in the lives and character
of a large number of those who are now our respected and
influential citizens. He has been prominently connected with
the Sixth Presbyterian Church, and in the Sunday-school and
Church has always taken a prominent place.

SEI'll LT AKK, rRINCII'AI..

X/:irARK. X /., ILLUSTRATED.

NEWAKK ACAIiKMV. llll.H \Nli HII.I.IVM STKK^;l^^.

THE NEWAKIv ACADEMY.

IN the year 1792 a number of the citizens of Newark formed an
association for the puqxise of establishing a school which
sh'nilcl meet the wants of the village and the surrounding com-
munity.

Having agreed upon a plan, they purchased a piece of ground
on the corner of Broad and Academy streets, where the post-office
now stands.

In the erection of this building St. John's Lodge of Master
Ma.sons united, in consideration of enjoying forever the exclusive
use of its third and uppermost storj'.

Among the means used to raise money for the new school was
a lottery authorized by the Legislature for that purpose, and
among the subscriptions to the stock of the new enterprise was a
negro slave, " James," who sold for forty pounds.

In 1795 the contributors were chartered as a stock company,
the stockholders binding themselves by their charter never to
divide any profits, but to devote all proceeds to the further
development of the school.

The Academy acquired a wide reputation for thoroughness and
efficiency, and was continued in the same building with varying
fortunes until 1855, when the property was sold to the United
States fiovernment for a Custom House and Post-office. The
price received for it was $50,000, of which amount Sio.ooo was
awarded to St. John's Lodge of Free Masons.

Two years later the trustees of the Academy purchased the
property of the Wesleyan Institute, bounded on three sides by
High, William and Shipman streets, where the school has since
been located.

The school was opened in its new quarters in 1S57, under the
charge of Rev. V. A. Adams, as principal, who resigned in 1859,
and was succeeded by Mr. S. A. Farrand, who remained in charge
until 1865, when it passed into the hands of Mr. C. M. Harrison,
who. a few years later was succeeded by Mr. C. M. Uavis and
>lajor Hopkins associate principals. In 1875 Mr. Farrand was
again invited to take charge of the school, and since that time it
has remained under his able management, the number of pupils
at the present time being 240.

The course of study in the Newark Academy, beginning with
the primary English studies, covers a thorough preparation for
college, for the scientific school or for business life.

The present Board of Trustees (1S91) is as follows ; Samuel H.
Pennington, M. IJ., Charles G. Rockwood, Frederick W. Ricord,
A. M., Horace N. Cougar, Laban Dennis, M. IJ., Horace Ailing,
William Rankin. Jr.. M. I)., George W. Hubbell, A. M., William
T. Carter.

NEU-ARK. X. /., ILLUSTRATED

ST. BENEDICTS COLLEOE

FOR fourteen hundred years the Benedictines have figured
prominently in the history of the world as missionaries,
civilizers and educators. St. Augustine, the first Archbishop of
Canterbury, and St. Boniface, who converted the Germans to
Christianity, were Benedictines. The Danes, the Poles, the
Dutch and the Bohemians were evangelized by members of the
same order. During the first thousand years of its existence —
from the fifth to the fifteenth century — it gave to the church
-4 popes and 200 cardinals : it had seen 7,000 archbishops of its

lineal descendants of the " famous Monks of the West," engaged,
as their fathers have been for over 1,400 years, in tilling the soil,
teaching the rude and ignorant useful trades, accustoming the
idle and roving to profitable industry, building schools and
colleges for the education of all, but especially for the higher
education of the children of the poor.

In this chain of Benedictine abbeys and colleges, St. Mary's
Abbey and St. Benedict's College, of Newark, forms a not un-
distinguished link. Here, as it is and has been in all places and

ST. BEXEDICT'.S COLI-E(;e, HIGH -STREET.

rule, and 14,000 bishops. In England the Benedictines occupied
113 abbeys and cathedrals, including Westminster Abbey and
many others almost equally famous. In Scotland they numbered
among their monasteries lona, Lindores and Melrose. At one
time the sum total of their houses footed up the magnificent sum
of 15,000, so many refuges of art and letters, where, protected by
a religious halo, their inmates kept alive the sacred lamp of
literature, when outside their walls the world was given up to
rapine and civil war.

A(ter centuries of decline, our own age has witnessed the
marvelous rejuvenation of this ancient order. It is rapidly
regaining its lost ground in Europe, and off -shoots of the parent
tree have been planted in the virgin soil of Australia and New
Zealand. In the United States there is not a section, east, west,
north or south, without its large abbeys and numerous dependent
priories. From New Hampshire in the East, to Oregon in the
West ; from the hyperborean regions of Minnesota to the sunny
clime of Florida, there is scarcely a State or Territory without its

times since the foundation of the order, the school or college is.
inseparable from the abbey. While a large amount of public and
private ceremonies and prayers is included in the duties of a
monk, it is also the aim of the " learned Benedictine " to be a
man of science, a scholar and a schoolmaster. St. Benedict's
College has been before the public now almost a quarter of a
century — 1S6S to 1892 — and has conscienti'jusly and unostenta-
tiously striven to carry into efl^ect the intention of its founders.
While instructing, with a preference, in those branches which
pertain to a liberal education, the knowledge of which is indis-
pensable to those who wish to enter the ranks of the clergy or
embark in any professional career, it has not neglected the needs-
of those whose circumstances or inclinations induce them .to
prefer the commercial to the classical course. By all means in
its power, it seeks to make its pupils Christian gentlemen,
serviceable to their fellowmen, lovers of their country and faith-
ful to their God.

XElV.-iRK. X. /., II.I.VSTRArED.

ST. VINCENTS ACADEMY, WALLACE PLACE. WAKRKN. CAKINET AND IIKICR STREETS.

ST. \INCh:xr>i ACADEfvlV.

THIS institutiiin, founded in 1.S69 by the Most Rev. Bishop
Ba)-ley for educatiimal purposes, is under the patrona^je of
the Rt. Rev. Bishops of Newark. The location is upon very high
g^f)und and is unsurpassed for healthfuhiess. It is easy of aeee.ss ;
the Bank Street and the Littleton Avenue horse-cars pass the
Academy to and from the main depot, Market street, of the Penn.
R. R. in Newark.

It offers superior attractions to parents who
desire to give their children a useful as well as
thorough education ; and it will be the constant
endeavor of the Sisters to instill into the minds
of their pupils, princii)les of virtue and religion ;
to accustom them to a polite and amiable
deportment, as well as to habits of order and
neatness.

The present large and extensive building,
erected in 1SS8, is furnished with all the
modern improvements requisite in a thorough
course of study. Ample ground has been
reserved exclusively for the necessary out-door
exercise of the pupils ; besides, when the
weather permits, they are obliged to take,
daily, about an hour's walk, accompanied by
one or more of the Sisters.

ST. XIARY S ACADEMY.

ST. MARYS ACADEMY was at first known
as the " Ward's Estate," and was pur-
chased in 1859 by Rt. Rev. J. R. Bayley, first
bishop of Newark. It was occupied by the
Sisters of Charity, as their Mother House, till
they removed to Madison, N. J., in 1861. After
this the building was used as St. Mary's
Orphan Asylum till 1865, when the Orphanage
at South Orange was ready for the orphans. In

the fall of 1865 St. Mary's Academy was opened. Part of the
building was at this time a hospital. St. Michael's Hospital was
not in existence then. In 1874 the old "^Vard Mansion" was
razed, and the present beautiful building was erected in its stead.
St. Mary's Academy has ever stood among the first in the city,
regarding numbers and success of its pupils.

'.v.i>Hl.Ni.lO.\ A.ND liLliECKER STREETS.

A-EWARK. y. /., ILLUSTRATED.

M]rrriiHHK_N.J

THIS institution was founded by Prof. Martin Mulvey, A. M.,
in I SS I, to carry out an idea to which he had given much
study and thought. This idea is that a business school should be
a reflex of business life ; that the practice of business is just as
important to students as the practice of book-keeping, and that
the two should go hand in hand from the beginning to the end of
the course. The college is located at Nos. 215 and 217 Market
street, (Centennial Buildings.)

All Actual Business, therefore, is the motto of the school, and

a proof of the wisdom of its founder in adopting that motto is the
fact that other leading schools throughout the country are follow-
ing suit, and the time will certainly come when all business
schools worthy of the name will embrace the same idea.

Like all institutions destined to survive the Newark Business
College encountered great difficulties in its infancy, but_ its
principle was right and it was bound to prevail, so that now it is
firmly established on a sound fianancial basis, and it has a prom-
ising future of good works before it.

XEll'ARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

NKW JKKSf.V HLSIXESS (.< H.l.KCiE

Nkw Jkwsev Lousiness Couukge.

FV.W citifs have educational institutions of a higher
character than are to be found in Newark, and where
they are conducted by better informed or more thorough,
competent teachers. Especially is this so in regard to the
schools where mercantile and business education in general
is taught. These institutions are termed Business Colleges,
and are conducted for the special purpose of fitting young
men and women for business and clerical life.

Among the most popular and best patronized of these
colleges is the New Jersey, at 764 and ■;(>(> Broad street, of
which Prof. C. T. Miller, a thoroughly competent educator
is the proprietor and principal. Such a remarkable aptness
has Prof. Miller shown for fitting young men and women
for business pursuits that thousands who have had the
benefit of his instructions are uow engaged in successful
business or are filling responsible positions as book-keepers,
accountants.'secretaries. clerks, salesmen, etc., not only
in Newark but in the principal cities and towns throughout
the country.

The New Jersey Business College was established in the
fall of 1S74. with the enrollment of a very small number
of pupils, when Prof. Miller began his business life, and
now his college has a standing equal to any Business
College in this country, and has an enrollment of more than
three hundred and fifty pupils annually. At each of its
succeeding commencements many of its students go forth
from the college halls bearing the parchment of honor and
diploma f)f fitness to ^uphold the business industries of the
citv, state and country.

The course of study is of the most thorough and systematic
character, embracing as it does, book-keeping in all its details,
theoretical and practical. Business penmanship likewise under
the direction of accomplished penmen, is made an important
feature. Type-writing is also taught.

That the Business College of to-day is an important factor in
furthering the business interests of the community, is a fact that
needs but the stating to prove its truthfulness, as is seen every
day. The time was when merchants educated their own help.
but now they demand efficiency when employing.

The faculty of the college is made up as follows :

C. T. Miller, principal and lecturer on book-keeping, actual
business, correspondence, commercial law, petmianship, arith-
metic, etc.

L. L. Tucker, teacher of book-keeping, commercial law, coi-
respondencc, penmanship, arithmetic, etc,

C. D. Clarkson and A. L. McClosky. teachers of actual practice,
arithmetic, correspondence, commercial law, penmanship, etc.

J. A. Beccher, Ksq., (of the Newark Bar), lecturer on commer-
cial law.

C.ustavus Fischer, A. M., teacher of ticrman.

Miss >[amie E. Uolan, teacher of phonography.

No other school in the city is so advantageously located. .Ml
the street car lines but one, pass tlic door, or are less than a
block away, and all the principal depots arc within short walking
distance.

In the immediate vicinity are the leading banks and insurance
companies of the city, and the principal business houses are close
at hand. The Board of Trade of Newark occupies a portion of
one of the College buildings. It is believed that the presence of
so many and such important interests cannot but have a
beneficial influence.

<:. T. .MI[.[.EK. rKlll'KIETOK AND i'KINX'IPAI,.

x/-:irARk\ .v. y., illustrajed.

rt.-. . tj^-A't'r::

VIEW OX BKOAl) SIRKKT, 1A)0KIXG NORTH. ANT) SHOWING Col-KNUN NATIllNAl.

lusiNEss coi.i.Kf;i; building.

THE COLEMAN BUSINESS COLLEQE.

THK
in;
and few
tliat wh

name iif Cok-nian is an ever familiar one in the banks,
iuranee and business oflices throughout the city and State,
men as educators deserve a better need of praise than
ich falls to Mr. Coleman from the lips of thousands of

IIENKV COI.EMAN, I'RESIDEXT OE CCU.E.MAN COI UEr.E.

business men who are recipients of his faviu's in the young men
and women whom he has educated and who are holding-
important positions as secretaries, accountants, book-keepers,
clerks, etc.

To Henry Coleman has licen imparted that peculiar gift by
nature which is vouchsafed to few, that is the faculty of inspiring
others with the belief when teaching that he not only has a per-
fect knowledge of what he proposes to teach, but knows just how
to impart it to others.

More than thirty years of his life has been sjient in imjjarting
business learning to that cla.ss of our young people who \ears ago
would have spent c|uite treble the time in getting the like inform-
ation by practice behind the counter, close applied desk work,
and bitter hours of disappointing toil. Prof. Coleman stands at
the head of (me among the largest and best Business Colleges in
the country. It is located at S32 to S42 Broad street, in elegantly
fitted up rooms in what are known as the Central Railroad
Buildings. The College bears his own name, and here gather
during each year hundreds of pupils who are in pursuit of busi-
ness learning. In carrying on the College he is assisted by a
eorjw of teachers, all of whom he has drilled in his own peculiar
methods, that his ideal institution may be kept up to its high
standard and fully abreast of the times. It has all the necessary
books and papers, and all the i)araphcrnalia of a first-class
Business College.

It is just such institutions as this over which Prof. Henry
Coleman presides, which has given the city of Newark its
advanced place as an educational centre.

Young men or women who have cither a business, mechanical
or seientilic turn of mind, can now find in this rapidly growing
city and its wonderfully attractive environments as fine oppor-
tunities as any place offers in the country in which to get an
education. A place in which are the homes of the greatest of the
world's electricians, and where are located the workshops for the
construction of the births of their marvelous genius.

XFJIA/^K, X J ILLi STRAYED.
Public ScHot)US.

«5

M I E public schools are open
to all. Xo distinction is

made in birth, place or station,

race or color. High and low,

rich and poor, black and white.

are alike invited to come and

partake of the rich educational

feast kept continually spread in

all sections of the city, in the

very best public school build-
ings ever erected, and supplieil

with a full corps of carefull\

selected teachers and assis-
tants. These schools are under

ihe control of the Board of

l-ducation. who are selected

I'rom among the people of the

several wards for their peculiar

adaptability for the position.

I )n the selection of men for

positions of School Comniis-

siimer there is in all probability

a greater care exercised than

for membership in any of the other governmental and executive bodies of the city. This is as it should be, for there is no position that
a man can be called on to fill requiring a better judgment or more decidedly careful reasoning or acting. Nor are there any with

I'K ^M\K1^■.^KK\^\I^K, >in<

• MMI^:^I^»^^ H.

|-Kl>< il- \l. Ml' NK\ J, I'l

results more far-reaching. Either
munity, has no institution so grave
exercise of its fraternal care for its
unstinted hand through the State
purpose of paying the teachers and
ter months to keep the buildings
future citizens of the city, State
it seems that there should be those
recipients of the blessings (lowing
and such it is regretful to state is
of the children is compulsory, the
those who refuse its far reachinp
Few likenesses in this bonk will
of Stacy B. Rittenhouse, who repre-
Second ward, for four years, during
the conduct of public school atTair^
portant committees of the Board.
School was erected in 1S71, and

LIi.H I l-l*:* HI .V\1.,\L1. i'Ll.LlL jt-lIIH'l..

for the weal or the woe of a com-
an influence. The State, in the
children, supplies the money with
Hoard of Public Instruction for the
I^roviding the fuel in the cold win-
warm, in which arc gathered the
and Republic. Mow passing strange
who stoutly object to being the
from these educational institutions,
the fact and although the education
law compelling the attendance of
and beautiful benefits needs change,
be recognized more easily than that
sented the old Tenth, now the
which time he was very active in
and served an some of the most ini-
The Eighteenth Avenue Public
opened the same year, as a pri-

mary school, under the principalship of J. Ward Smith. It comprised eight classes and with the Morton Street School was equal to
the demands of the ward. At present, with a registration of 1,284 as per last report, it is but one of four populous schools, the Morton

Street, Monmonth Street and

Waverly Avenue schools, which

are taxed to their utmost, to

meet the requirements of the

wonderful growth in population

of the old Nineteenth ward. In

1873, the school was enlarged

by the addition of a great " T,"

which extended to and fronted

on Elizabeth avenue. It was

then made an intermediate

school with seventeen classes.

Principals Schulte, Maclure and

Kennedy were successively in

charge until iSSS, when Prin-
cipal Dougherty, of the Walnut

Street School, the present in-
cumbent, was made its princi-
pal. Under his management it

was advanced to the grade of

grammar school, and it now

numbers nineteen classes. It

opened as a night school in 189 1.

ST.\CV B. RITTKXIIOISF

Ilk. 1 \-\ j, J \NLS, n< II

MMl^^h iNI K.

NEWARK, X. /„ ILLUSTRATED,

F'A.RK PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

DURING the year 1S4S, sixty-one members of the First
Presbyterian Church organized a reHgious society under
the style of the " Park Presbyterian Church of Newark, N. J."
The first pastor of the church was the Rev. Ansel I). Eddy,

D. D. Among the original and charter members are the names
of many who are well known in this city, as Stephen Dodd,
James H. Clarke, Humphrey B. Dunham, Richard Hall, Maria

E. and Sarah E. Searing, George C. Dodd, Edward A. and
Amanda Crane, Ezra Bolles, Benjamin F. Harrison, Charles D.
Crane and many others.

Among its earliest elders were Stephen Dodd, Otis Boyden,

October 6, 1S74. Dr. De Veuve resigned the pastorate in March,
1879.

In iSyg a unanimous call was e.xtended to Rev. J. Clement
French, D. D., who had been pastor of the Central Congrega-
tional Church of Brooklyn for fourteen years, and of the West-
minster Church of that city for five years.

Dr. French was installed as pastor of Park Church in October,
1S79. At that time the membership was 164.

From the first the seating capacity of the edifice was too small
for the attendance. In 1SS4 it became absolutely necessary to-
enlarge the building. On Sabbath morning, April 20, $iS,ooo-

PARK PRESBYTERUN CHURCH, BELLEVILLE .4VENUE .\ND KEARNY STREET.

Richard Hall, David C. Dodd, Terah Benedict, Lewis C.
Grover, Stephen R. Grover and William Ashley,

The session, in later years, has included Francis K. Howell,
James S. Higbie, Stephen J Meeker, Dr. Edward P. Nichols,
Elbert H. Baldwin, Edwin J. Ross, Joseph A. Hallock, Albert
T. Freeman, James Mawha, William J. Rusling, Aaron King,
Alexander Beach, Edward N. Crane, Elias F. Morrow, Edward
E. Sill, Edward B. and George H. Denny, Hugh Haddow,
Alvah W. Osmun and others.

Rev. Dr. Eddy was succeeded in the pastorate by Rev. Henry
A. Rowland, D. D., Rev. James G. Hamner, D. D., Rev. Joel
Parker, D. D., Rev. Prentiss De Veuve, D. D., the last named of
whom was influential in securing the removal from Park street to
the present site of the church, m Belleville avenue corner of
Kearny street.

The corner stone of the new building was laid May 22, 1S72.
The dedication sermon was by Rev. William Adams, D. D.,

were subscribed for this purpose, afterwards more. Work was
at once begun. The chapel, Sunday-school rooms and the rear
of the auditorium were taken down.

On April 20, 1SS5, the church building increased in its seating
capacity to about Soo, and changed in all its interior architecture
and adornments, a new chapel. Sabbath-school rooms, primary
department room, Bible class rooms, study and other necessary
apartments, were complete and dedicated on the evening of that
day.

In the autumn of 1S86 it was resolved to extend the work of the
church in some portion of the city more greatly in need of
evangelical labor.

Careful survey of adjacent territory resulted in selecting
the neighborhood of the stone quarries, on Mt. Prospect hill.

On the evening of October S, 1SS6, the first neighborhood
prayer-meeting was held at the house of Mrs. Sarah Phillips,
No. 200>^ Parker street, with an attendance of thirty. Weekly

NEWARK. X. r . ILLUSTRATED.

HI Ki II. I "KM K IKl I K\ 11

\ M ■ k K \ K N i > 1 K 1 1 1 .

meetinjfs were held in private houses, with constant increase
of numbers and interest, until it became necessary to rent a
small public hall on Bloomfield avenue. This place soon proving
inadequate to the need. Park Church built and furnished, free
from debt, and at an expense of $5 .000, a jiretty little chapel
on Aqueduct street. It was dedicated Thursday, Nov. 17,
1887. Prayer-meetings were held regularly, and preaching
ser\'ices occasionally, until in iSSS. it was decided by the
session that the chai)el work required more constant attention
and labor.

This work was given to Mr. Alfred Nicholson, of the Senior
Class at Princeton, who is now the installed pastor of the churcl*,
which was duly organized under the style of " North Park
Presbyterian Church," in October, iSgo. It is still receiving
some aid from the parent church, but is at present moving
towards a change of site and the erection of a much larger and
more elegant edifice on Parker street.

The membership of Park Church, at the time of the organiza-
tion of " North Park," was between .^oo and 900.

About i;o members were dismissed to form the new organiza-
tion. The pew rentals of Park Church exceed Sio.ooo annually.
The Sabbath-school is limited only by the size of its accommr-
dations.

A vigorous society of Christian Endeavor has been in existence
for more than two years. The pastor has been, and still is, the
president of the Essex County Christian Endeavor Union, having
upon its roll between fifty and sixty societies, and over 4,000
members. He is also vice-president of the New Jersey State
Union, with over 30,000 members.

In connection with his other work he also edits and publishes
a little church jiaper, called " The Park Presbyterian Church
Recorder," which is not only a complete weekly compendium of
all the events and interests of the church, but contains briefest
notes, comments, items of general information, and choicest
extracts from the prose and poetry of the world. It is now in its
sixth volume.

The Ladies Aid (Home Mission) Society sends valuable boxes
of clothing annually to needy ministers and their families, besides
other helpful work.

The Woman's Foreign Missionary Society aids in the support
of a missionary in China. The Young Ladies' Floral Society
supplies the pulpit with floral decorations every Sabbath in the
year. A flourishing circle of King's Daughters is doing constant
good to the poor and needy.

Dr. French is still the pastor, having completed his thirteenth
year of .service last October, iS>2.

REV. J. CLEMENT FRENCH, D. O., r.\STOR.

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

ST. JOHN'S CHURCH.

ST. JOHN S K.

CHURCH,

THIS unpretentious, yet beautiful edifice, located on Mulberry
street, is a land mark, standing in an atmosphere of inter-
esting memories. Its architect was the Very Rev. Patrick Moran,
who was also the architect of St. Patrick's Cathedral and St.
Peter's, of Belleville. It consists of the original .church with a
facade designed by Father Moran and the whole structure is built
of Newark brown stone from the old quarry on Eighth avenue.
It is a pity that the data of the early history of this church are
meagre, as it is the cradle of Catholic worship, not only in the city
of Newark, but in the State of New Jersey. A rude hickory cross
about six feet high, unstripped of its bark, surmounted the gable
of the original structure and was the first emblem of salvation
reared in this State, spreading its arms to all. The superstructure
of the altar, is almost a fac-simile of the facade and is m heavy gilt.

The windows are of rich stained glass, with centre pieces of full length figures of saints. This glass has been for years the admira-
tion of all people of artistic taste, who have visited the church, and was for several years the envy of all the other churches of the city.
In the south tower are hung a chime of bells whose mellow notes have reminded many a worshiper of the famous bells of Shandon.
In 1824, the Rev. Gregory B. Pardow. of New York, organized under the patronage of St John, the association of Catholics who
founded St. John's Church. It was designated St. John's Roman Catholic Society, of Newark, N. J. The first trustees w-ere Patrick
Murphy, John Sherlock, John Kelly, Christopher Rourke, Morris Fitzgerald, John Gillespie and Patrick Mape. Previous to the
building of St. John's Church, the Catholics of Newark had met for divine service at a house on Mulberry street, occupied by one
Charles Durning. The trustees set about erecting a suitable place of worship. Ground was purchased on Mulberry street and the
erection of the church was begun in 1827. When the foundation was laid the trustees found that their funds were exhausted and they
decided to have a committee wait on the Rev. Dr. Power, of St. Peter's Church, New York, to ask him to assist them in their work by
delivering a lecture in Newark, for the benefit of the struggling parish. He cheerfully consented, and advised the committee to have
the lecture early and well advertised. As there was no public hall in the town at the time, the committee w^ere at a loss to proceed.
This quandary was answered by the vestrymen of old Trinity Church in the park. At the suggestion of Rev. Dr. Power the com-
mittee had called upon them to ask the use of the church for the lecture. After due consideration the vestrymen unanimously granted
the request of the committee without charge. On the appointed evening the lecture was given to a large audience which filled the
church and was about three fourths non-Catholic, as at that time the Catholic population was very small. The proceeds netted over
three hundred dollars, quite a sum of money to realize from such an occasion in those days. The liberal and generous action of
Trinity has been and always will be remembered by the Catholic citizens of Newark. But through the baseness of one individual the
money was lost to the young parish. The treasurer of the committee proved himself a veritable Judas, by making ofl: with the entire

receipts and he was never
heard of again. Let him be
nameless. Under the un-
tiring zeal and energy of
Rev. Father Pardow the
building was finished and
dedicated to divine service
in 1S2S. In the dedication
ceremonies the Very Rev.
Dr. John Power, who repre-
sented Rt. Rev. Bishop
Dubois on the occasion,
officiated. The cost of the
building exceeding the esti-
mate by a considerable sum,
it was judged advisable to
put the pews up at auction.
The first pew to the right of
the middle aisle brought
forty-two dollars and the
other pews brought smaller,
but respectable sums. By
this sale a handsome fund
was realized and some of
the more urgent bills of
contractors paid. But there
was still a large balance of
indebtedness unpaid, and
general stagnation of busi-
ness ensuing, the trustees
found themselves unexpect-
edly called on for payment
and the church in danger of
being sold. In this emer-
\ii 1 i;i i;kv '\k\v.\, i:.. gency good Bishop Dubois

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

came to the rescue. Through his friend Bishop Brute he
secured a loan from the association for the propagation
of the faith, with which the claims were paid, and from
that time, 1829, St. John's parish prospered. The Rev.
Gregory B. Pardow, the founder of the church, labored
faithfully with the parish for eight years, and through
his energy, tact and zeal, insured its success. He was
followed by the Rev. Matthew Herard. October 7, 1832^
and the Rev. B. Rafferty, October 13, 1833.

On November 3, 1S33, the Rev. Patrick Moran was
appointed pastor. He was eminently fitted for the
place. He possessed good judgment, a refined and
correct taste, and an educated mind. Under his man-
agement the affairs of St. John's advanced rapidly, dis.
pite the panic of 1S37, and the sterling qualities of their
pastor continued to win for the congregation the confi-
dence of their non-Catholic neighbors. Father Moran
soon had a library of 850 volumes in circulation. He
organized church societies, literary, temperance and
benevolent associations. He erected a school house and
arranged for the free instruction evenings of such as
could not attend the day school. But his chief source of
pleasure and pride was in his Sunday-school, which he
raised to a high degree of excellence. Connected with
the Sunday-schcjol was a teachers' association, which was
a model of its kind.

Prior to the erection of the See of Newark, then com-
prising the entire State, New Jersey had formed part of
the Diocese of New York. The late Most Rev. James
Rosevelt Bayley, D.D., Archbishop of Baltimore, was
appointed first bishop of the new diocese, and one of his
first acts was to select Rev. Patrick Moran, of St. John's,
to be his vicar-general. After the death of Vicar-general
Moran, which occurred July 25, 1866, the following were
successively rectors of St. John's Church: Rev. James
Moran, nephew of the deceased rector, November, i86f> ;
Rev. Louis Schneider, November, i3()7 ; Rev. Thomas
M. Killeen, who built the new rectory adjoining the
church, November, iSfiS, and did much for St. John s ;

-1. JOHN'S .SCIIOOI., ML'l.KKRKV STKKil.

Rev. Patrick Leonard was rector in December, 1S78. Rev. Louis
• lambosville, who personally and with great care and labor re-wrote
the church's records of births and marriages from the foundation to
his time, and who was the second incumbent to die (January, 1892) ;
Thomas E. Wallace, administrator, from January, 1S92, to February
27, 1S92, and February, 1892, Rev. J. P. Poels, the incumbent. The
assistant rectors were Rev. Fathers Guth, 1837; Farrell, 1838;
Bacon, 1838; Donahue, 1845; Hanahan, 1846; Callan, 1848;
Senez, 1849 ; Conroy, 1852 ; McGuire, 1S53 ; Tubberty, 1854 ; Casted,
1858; McCloskey, 1S60 ; Byrne, 1861 ; Moran, 1863; Wiseman. 1867 ;
Rolando, 1S67 ; Xardiello, 1S76 ; Whelan, 187S ; Corrigan, 1S79 ; White,
1882 ; McGahan, 1S92, and John A. Fanning, D. D., at present.

Rev. Father Poels, who is now rector of St. John's, is a man of
great executive ability, and most zealous ; and people who love the
lirst Catholic church of Newark and cherish its memories, may
rejoice that the parish has come under his care, for it already shows
many signs of improvement and of renewed life. His administration
has already been signalized by a marked advancement of church
affairs and an entire renovation of the church property.

The history of St. John's is in very fact the history of Catholicity in
New Jersey. The "mother of all the churches " of the diocese, from
her sanctuary have gone forth several zealous and exemplary mission-
aries to propagate the faith, and among these may be mentioned Most
Rev. Michael Augustine Corrigan, D. D., Archbishop of New York ;
the late Very Rev. James H. Corrigan, for several years vice-president
of Seton Hall College ; Rev. George W. Corrigan, of Paterson, and the
Rev. Martin O'Connor, of Peoria, 111.

NEWARK, a: /, ILLUSTRATED.

ST. JAMES' CHURCH.

ONE of the very siiccessful parishes of the Roman Catholic
Church is that of St. James, over which the Reverend P.
Cody presides, was founded in 1S53, from territory situate in what
was then the Fifth, Tenth and Twelfth wards of the city of Kewark.
The church buildings are the finest in the city, are constructed of
brown stone quarried from the hills near by, and prepared for the
foundation walls and superstructure by Newark mechanics and
skilled laborers. The large block of ground, upon which the
beautiful church, hospital and school buildings stand, at the corner
of Lafayette, Madison, Jefferson and Elm streets, was purchased by
Father Senez, who was pastor of St. Patrick's at that time. This
was in April of 1S54. On the igth of the following June, the Rev.
Father B. F. Allaire, a son of the noted Brooklyn foundry man,
having been placed in charge, the corner stone of the church was
laid with very imposing ceremonies by the late Right Rev. Bishop
Bayley. On the 17th of August, the same year. Rev. James Callan
was appointed to the pastorate and on the 5th of November, the
building of brick, two stories high was ready for occupancy, the
lower story for church and devotional services and the upper for
school purposes. Father Callan was a man of much culture, a fine
orator and rhetorician, full of energy and untiring in his devotion
to the work of the church. In 1861, Father Callan was transferred
to Paterson. He had done a most meritorious work during his
administration of the affairs of his charge and left the church clear
of debt and prosperous. He afterwards met with a tragic death
while traveling on a steamer between San Francisco and Sacra-
mento, California, the boiler of which exploded and claimed this
eloquent divine as one of its victims. The parish grew rapidly and
when the Reverend Father John M. Gervais, who had been the
assistant at St. Patrick's for two years previous came into St. James'
as his successor, he found the accommodations entirely inadequate for
the largely increased number of people who gathered there. Father
Gervais was a man of strong character and was the possessor of all
those characteristics which go so far toward makingthe true shepherd.
Full of zeal for good works and for the growth and prosperity of his
new undertaking, he set about the giving of fuller and better accom-

sr. JAMKS' K. C. CHLKCH, l.AF.^VL 1' 1 1, .-, 1 Kbl, 1 .

ST. J.\MKS' M.1HIOL, L1„M AND .MAl>lsuN MKbET.

modations to his rapidly in.
creasing flock of parishioners
and worshipers. In July, 1S63,
Bishop Bayley, in the presence
of a vast congregation of his
parishioners, laid the corner
stone of the new projected
brown stone church building,
70x160 feet in dimensions and
with such unwavering deter-
mination did he. Father Ger-
vais, push the work. Such
handsome sums of money did
his magnetism draw to the
cause, and with such readiness
did all his parishioners respond
to clarion calls, the handsome
and imposing church structure
was ready for dedication and'
on the 17th da^' of June, 1S66,
in the presence of one of the
largest congregations ever as-
sembled in that section of the
city, the dedicatory services
were conducted by Bishop
Bayley. The late Alderman
Nicholas Moore will be remem-
bered for his generous contri-
butions and his final munificent
bequest to the parish. So un-
tiring was the zeal of Father

NEli:4RK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

ST. JAMES HOSPITAL, KI.M ANIi JKFKERSO.'J STREET,

Ger\-ais, and with such a mighty spirit and deter-
mined purpose did he enter into his work of increas-
ing the strength of his parish, that ever\-thing went
forward as if there were, indeed, no obstacles to
overcome. Often could Father Gervais be seen help-
ing on the construction with his own hands. Like
many another he overworked, and on the 24th of July,
1872, Father Gervais went to his reward.

After the death of this combination mar\-el of
priestly force and progress, with the strength of a
giant, and the tenderness of woman, and a child-like
simplicity, it was decided to drop out of his purposed
buildings and improvements, the great iron convent,
two hundred feet square, and carry to completion
the hospital alone of the great structures he had
planned to build on the same block with the church
and school. The munificent bequest of Nicholas
Moore had been used in the construction of the fine
brown stone hospital building, which at the time of
Father Gervais' death had only reached the heigth
of its first story. His assistant. Rev. M. E. Kane,
took charge of the parish work until the appointment
of Rev. P. Cody, in Januar)', 1873. the pastor who
has devotedly conducted the good work ever since.
Under the guidance of this faithful priest the unfin-
ished buildings have been pushed forward to com-
pletion, and all the parish work has been conducted
in accordance with the verj- best and most approved
methods and accepted ideas. Father Cody has com-
pleted the tower of the church with the spires and
minarets, and has had placed in the tower a beautiful
chime of bells, ten in number, the larger weighing

over three thousand pounds. The stone building which he has completed is now occupied as the rectory, and the parish schools and
convent for the sisters and the hospital. The school is under the care of the sisters of charity, and competent male teachers are err-
ployed for older pupils, and both departments are in e.xcellent condition. The hospital, with accommodations for 100 patients, is ready
for occupancy and will fill a long felt want in this section of the city. The parish contains between five and six thousand souls. There are
four regular church services and masses on Sunday. The church has a seating capacity of about 1,500, and is furnished with one of
the best organs in the State of New Jersey and is supported by a volunteer choir of sixty voices. The young men of the parish have

a fine building of their own on Ferrj- street. They have a membership of 150. The purpose is
athletic and social. Father Cody looks after the educational interests of his parish witli
great care and has obtained results which are indeed remarkable. The merits can best
be judged by comparison. In the spring of 1S73, there were 250 children in the school,
^^^^^i^l^^ X which Father Cody increased to Six) in the fall. He placed the sisters in

^^■^^^T_^^^^^^ \ charge of the girls and employed a competent male principal for the older boys

/^Sr ' ^^ \ and at once made the schools free. They now number 1,200 pupils. He also

S^' \ \ established a school in St. Thomas' building. Chapel street, near the steel

wBt'- \ \ works, and when that portion was set off as the parish of St. Aloysius in

wf:- 1 \ 1S79, it had a flourishing free school of 4o(j. St. James has ever been

ready to extend a helping hand to weaker parishes or those in trouble
or straitened circumstances. It will be remembered to the everlasting
credit of Father Cody and the parishioners of St. James', that when the
Orange parish was involved, they came to their rescue with a magnificent
donation of five thousand dollars, giving immediate relief, which acted
as an incentive to other parishes and churches to assist and resulting in
the saving of this church edifice. Indeed, St. James is one of those
parishes, and Father Cody is one of those pastors, who live by the
golden rule and never let " the left know what the right hand doeth."
The beautiful photo pictures and pen sketches of this, one among the
grandest church plants in America, which so graphically speak for the
reality in this book of our latest day art treasures as seen on the pages
thereof, cannot but be satisfying to all who have an eye for the beautiful
and good. The brick building, corner Lafayette and Madison, was the first
constructed, is still standing and is occupied as a parish hall in which enter-
tainments are held, and contains a fine large room in which the parish
circulating library is shelved. This library contains more than 1,500 volumes
of well selected books and is largely read. The several societies connected
with the church have their meeting rooms in this friendly old structure, and it
holds a warm place in the affections of the people, many of the older members of
the parish looking upon it as a true friend of their youth and as one of the land
Rtv. 1'. cuDv, KtcToR. marks of their journey now drawing to its close. '

NEWARK, A'. /.. ILLUSTRATED.

Franklin St. M. E. Church

-.:€■*"'

INTERIOR VIEW

FRANKLIN STREET MKTIIODli-l EITSLOI'AL CIILRCH.

FRANKLIN STREET METH-
odist Episcopal Church is one
of the venerable institutions of
Newark. It is the oldest Methodist
Episcopal Church in the city save
one. It will soon have attained its
three score years — years of many
vicissitudes and victories. These
victories were neither architec-
tural, ritualistic nor artistic. They
were of an infinitely higher order.
The}' were victories in the realm of
thought, feeling and character.
Achievements that dealt rather
with the soul than the body ; with
the real self rather than the seem-
ing self. Many thousands have
been turned from death to life ;
from woe to joy, in this historic
fortress of Methodism. Many look
down from their abodes in
heaven upon this church as the blessed place where they received the re-birth which fitted them for fellowship with their Father
and their God, and which through his maturing love, has prepared them for their present abodes of blessedness. But not only have
the soul-saving ministries of Franklin Street Church prepared many who have gone up, but many who have gone out. Occupying a
central location, she has sent her streams of converts to every Methodist Church in Newark. There is not a Methodist Church in
this city but would be shorn of much of its strength if the help that Franklin Street in this way has given, were withdrawn.

Franklin Street M. E. Church has been favored with the pastoral services of some of the most magnificent men in Methodism, as
the mighty WilHam P. Corbit, the noble and eloquent Dr. Bartine; the sweet singer of Israel. James O. Rogers, and others of
kindred excellence, and, while appreciating the eloquence and magnetic gifts of these men, yet it is pleasant to be able to truthfully
state that for great congregations ; for the noble ability and loyal working power of her rapidly increasing membership, this church
was never up to what she is now. The fact is, the evening congregations, as a rule, are so large as to raise the inquiry, " Oh, where
shall there be room for all who want to hear." There is considerable serious quiet pondering going on as to how to enlarge the build-
ing to a capacity of 3,000, and so found a great Methodist people's church in Newark. If some rich citizen should have wisdom enough
to lay up a quarter of a million in heaven by way of Franklin Street Church, the burning problem would be solved. Newark would be
benefited and the giver would be that much richer forever. There are several factors contributing to the unprecedented success at the
present time. The church has been renovated, recushioned and electric lights put in ; a new series of specially selected hymns of the
finest that can be found, are published annually ; the audience rooms are clean, cozy, airy, warm and inviting ; the singing is pro-
nounced the best. Then comes the organizer of these factors of force
into their present aggressive and captivating form, the Pastor himself-
lie is probably the most talked of preacher in Newark, because he
strikes fearlessly at modern iniquities, and lives for the people of
these times and this place. Paradoxical though it may seem, he is
one or the most conservative and yet one of the most progressive of
men. His liberal education and world-wide travel give him a view
of things and men, and motives, and principles, that are comprehen-
sive and quite peculiar to himself. He stands for essentials but tears
down obstructions. He pursues his own diplomacy and calls no man
master, although he consults with his official brethren. "The
Scengerfest Sermons " and " The Repulse of Anti-Christ" are speci-
mens of his clean-cut, fearless oratory. He is a man of the people,
and when roused in their behalf in the pulpit, he springs on his
victim like a lion rushing on the prey. In response to his sympathy
and uncompromising loyalty to their cause, they crowd his church
to feel the warm glow of his heart. Men who will go nowhere else,
hear him gladly, and so hundreds have been lifted to a new-
life by his ministry, while thousands upon thousands have been
lifted to nobler habits of thought, feeling and action. He has had
invitations to large, rich and influential churches outside of his Con-
ference, but on account of the opportunity accorded of doing good to
the people of Newark, he clings to Franklin Street Church with the
love of a David for a Jonathan. He puts old things in new ways.
He appears in his pulpit like a new man with a new message, pouring
reasons for its acceptance in so fast from all directions that resistance
finally becomes impossible. He will not acknowledge anything
worthy in himself, but affirms that all his successes are the fruits
of the Holy Ghost. The prayers of all the saints are requested for
continued blessings in unstinted measure upon the Pastor and
People of Franklin Street Church.

REV. JAMES BOYD RRADV, H. I>., D. D., I'h. D. , I'ASTOK.

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.

<«/

V-'

CITY in the
world can pre-
sent a cleaner
record than this
centre of multi-
tudinous indus-
tries, when duty
to the sick and
the afflicted is pre-
sented for considera-
tion. When the call
for relief comes up from the unfor-
tunate, the poor, the sick, or atflicted,
however feeble the tone, it is not
only quickly heard, but immediately
heeded. While the people of New-
ark have had the opportunity to study
charity in all its beautiful details and
tender bearings, they have taken ad-
vantage at every turn to put that
theory learned into practice. The
lessons acquired m the schools of
good fellowship, love and duly, have
been but the sowings prior to the
reaping, and the ingathering of a
bountiful har\-est.

No pleasanter task has it been our
lot to perform than this, of placing
upon the record the beautiful deeds of
the Little Sisters of the Poor. These
eminently pious and holy women
never slacken in their efforts to

i<\ «• II

litHINi; CEXIKNNI.AI. CEl.KHK.M lU.S,

relieve the distressed and suffering ; feed the hungry, succor the destitute, clothe the naked, and like the fire-tly, whose bright
flashes lighten the nights, these devoted women are flittering everj'where, dispensing their benizens of love. These humane
people began their charitable work in 1S7S, with the special object in view of founding a home and providing relief for the old,
destitute and sick of both sexes. The home which they have provided for the aged, who through sickness or the infirmities of age, are
unable to provide for themselves, and where they are kindly cared for and made comfortable in their old age, is an imposing brick
structure, large enough to comfoitaVily hold two hundred. This building, within the walls of which is found so much of comfort for
the old and afflicted, is seen in the lower left hand corner of the beautiful full page combination illustration accompanying this

article. The Little Sisters of
the Poor are now deeply in
debt, but they trust in God and
the well-known liberality of the
benevolent population of New-
ark and the State of New Jer-
sey to help them in their
charitable undertaking. They
are always pleased to meet
visitors, but they prefer their
coming from 2 to 4 o'clock in
the afternoon. The Roseville
horse cars pass the door.

Few among the public insti-
tutions of Newark do a more
thoroughly good and benefi-
cient work, or one more lasting
than the Free Public Library,
which has its home in the build-
ing known as Park Hall, situ-
ate on West Park street, the
same having been remodeled
to suit the conveniences of the
library trustees and the housing
VI ovsus cinRcM. ^^ '^s "'^'^ literary treasures.

IN rKKIoR \1F.W

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

ST. iMIClIAKI, o IXIoI'UAL,

If it were one thing more
than any other which demon-
strated the growing independ-
ence of Newark, and the
wonderful self-reliance which
she has been showing of late,
it would be the large number,
growth and grandeur of her
eleemosynary institutions. Her
close proximity to New York
city acted as a stay to her pro-
gress in the establishment of
such institutions, the doors of
those of the great commercial
metropolis of the western world,
standing wide open to pass.
Among the first to cast away
from these sisterly leading
strings was St. Michael's Hos-
pital, which is but little more
than a quarter of a century old,
but had already to its credit on
January i, iSgo, 23,890 patients
treated. St Michael's Hospital
is the largest in the city, is
centrally located at the corner
of High street and Central
avenue, it has 300 beds and all
the necessary accessories and
paraphernalia of a first-class
hospital. While the hospital is
under the protection of a board

of directors at the head of which is Bishop Wigger of this diocese, the insdtution is managed entirely by the Sisters of the Poor, of St.
Francis, twenty-three in number, at the head of whom, as superior, is Sister Ephrem. As the thousands who have felt the effect and
enjoyed the blessings of their beneficiency and care, a more devoted and holier set of women are nowhere to be found. In the recep-
tion of patients and in their care and treatment no distinctions are made. The medical gentlemen connected with St. Michael's
Hospital are Dr. William Pierson, medical director ; Dr. Joseph C.Young, Dr. H. C. H. Herold, Dr. J. Few Smith. Dr. James T. Wright-
son, Dr. Charles D. Bennett, Dr. Robert L. Burrage, Dr. George O'Gorman. Dr. Joseph C. Young, is president of the medical board.
The house staff consists of a corps of nine medical gentlemen. Connected with St. Michael's are four special departments, where dis.
eases pertaining to each class have special care and treatment. Dr. T. F. Sutphen is at the head of the eye and ear ; Dr. Joseph Few
Smith, the derraatological ; Worthington Pinney, D. D. S., the dental departments. The consulting surgeons of the women's hospital

branch are Drs. Pierson, Holden, 111 and
Ballery, with assistants Drs. Charles I.
Ill, W. E. Carroll and Emil Guenther.
The manner of building of St Michael's
Hospital can be seen by a reference to
the beautiful picture herewith shown.

The Hospital of St. Barnabas was the
first working hospital established in
New Jersey under legislative authority.
The work was begun in 1S65, in a small
house on Wickliffe street, and the hos-
pital was incorporated February 13, 1867.
The incorporators were Bishop William
Henry Odenheimer and the rectors and
certain laymen of the several Episcopal
churches of the city. The charter de-
clared the purpose of the incorporation
to be the care, nurture and maintenance
of sick, infirm, aged and indigent per-
sons, and of orphans, half orphans and
destitute children, the providing for
their temporal and spiritual welfare,
and the providing or erecting a suitable
building or buildings. In 1867, it
received the gift of a building on the
site where St. Stephen's Church now
stands, at the corner of Elizabeth and
Clinton avenues, and in 1870, the trus-
.sr. i;.\RN.Mj.v=. ii.jsrii.\L, corner high and mo.n'tgomerv streets. tees purchased the house and land on

NEU\UiK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

Hiiii mil

CITY HOSPITAL, COHXKH C.\M[1EX AXIi NINTH STREETS.

the corner of High and Montgom-
ery streets, and on this property
the work has been carried on ever
since. In 18S5, the greater part
of the present large brick building,
shown in the illustration, was
erected at a cost of over S40,o<k).
The chapel and rooms for the
sisters in charge and private
patients were added afterwards.
The hospital is under the best
medical and surgical supervision,
and in ils equipment and appli-
ances, it affords the best resources
for dealing with cases of casualty,
disability and sickness. Besides
the medical and surgical wards
and the children's ward, there are
rooms for private patients and a
clinic or department for the relief
of persons not living in the build-
ing. The administration of the
internal affairs of the hospital has
been since 18S1 under the charge
of the Sisters of St. Margaret, who
without other reward than the de-'
light of doing good, devote their
lives to this work. The hospital
has a small endowment fund and
receives $2,500 a year from the
city for the support of certain beds,
but it is almost wholly su|)ported

by voluntary contributions made from time to time, and money raised by the efforts of the ladies' society, called the Guild. Tlic
number of patients treated within the hospital each month is about one hundred and the out patients receiving relief, number about
five hundred. It is open to persons of every creed and nationality, and it is impossible to overestimate the good work it has done.

Xever behind in good works, the city of Newark h.is marked an era in their progress by the establishment of a hospital, where the
sick and afflicted may go and seek rest, and take deep draughts from the overflowing cup of healing balm, which will be held to their
lips by the devoted hands of trained nurses, directed by the understanding and skill of the wise, pure and self-sacrificing among our
best physicians and surgeons. Although Newark was blessed with several good hospitals, yet the best thinking and more charitably
dispossd among our citizens decided it not unwise that another hospital, where the sick might obtain relief, should be established.
Fortunately the county asylum buildings, which had been erected on city property, were vacant and apparently waiting for just such
a blessed purpose and innovation. So as the people's representatives in the Common Council were ripe for the movement, the die
was soon cast and the hospital established. This beneficent institution was opened for the reception of patients in 1SS2, and
incorporated in 1883. Since that time its doors have been wide open to the indigent sick of all nationalities. The hospital is managed
by a board of directors, who meet once a month. From the directors a visiting committee of three members is selected to look after
the executive work during the intervals. The hospital staff consists of Surgeons Dr. Peter P. V. Hewlett, Dr. Charles Young, Dr
Archibald Mercer and Dr. L. E. HoUister ; Physicians. Dr. E. F. Smith, G. R. Kent, H. C. Hendry and with resident house physi!
cian and surgeon. A training school for nurses is connected with the hospital, of which Miss Louisa Moss is principal. The City

Hospital, as will be seen on this page is just such a
building as appears to e.xcellent advantage, as it
takes a place among our illustrations.

Few institutions in Newark stand higher on the
eleemosynary roll of honor than that which is known
as the German Hospital, located at the corner of
Bank street and Wallace place. The German Hos-
pital was incorporated under the laws of the State of
New Jersey, on the 13th day of February, A. D.,
I SOS, and has consequently been in operation over
a quarter of a century. The distressed and suffering
have for years found relief within its wide open
doors. It is conducted on the very broadest prin-
ciples of relief to the suffering, and its philanthropic
purpose is seen in every move of its conduct. On
the medical board and surgical staff of this hospital
are professional gentlemen of the highest standing in
the city. These self-sacrificing of medical profession
are E. Gunther, president ; V. Nager, secretary ;
Charles I. Ill, treasurer ; Dr. Edward III, R. P.
Diefenbach, C. I. Kipp, H. Kornemann, E. F. I
Lchlbach. Charles Lehlbach, Charles T^ehmacher,

NEU-ARK, lY. J., ILLUSTRATED,

CENTENARY M. E. CHURCH, CORNER SUMMER AVENUE AND KLAKNLV blKLEl.

H. Sudmau and Fred Rexamer.
Dr. Telger, home physician ; John
Storz, superintendent ; Mrs. Storz,
matron. Mr. H. F. Seiger is presi-
dent of the board, F. Goehring is
vice-president, Julius Stapff, treas-
urer ; Hugo Fraentzel, financial
secretary, and A. A. Sippel is sec-
retary, with Directors Gottfried
Krueger, H. Kreiler, Emil Schu-
macher, Moses Strauss, Elias
Bcrla and Christopher Miller, A.
A. Sippel, H. Freitzel and John
Goehring constitute the executive
board.

An institution altogether lovely,
and one which is dispensing its
benizens of home comforts to the
aged and helpless poor of the city
of Newark, has its Lares and Pen-
ates set up in the capacious struct-
ure, situate on Avon avenue in
the northwestern section of the
city, and known as the Krueger
Pioneer Home for Aged Men, and
so named in honor of its donor.
Judge Krueger. Among the charit-
ably inclined of the citizens of
Newark, there had long been felt
a pressure which was growing

mightier as the seasons and years passed of a necessity existing for a home for aged men. It was not till iSSg, that the long existing
thought took shape and the long theme of relief culminated in the organization of the association and the building of the home. This
institution is governed by a board of directors selected from among its patrons and friends.

Among the oldest of the charities for which the city of Newark is justly noted, is that of the Newark Orphan Asylum Association,
which has had the care of thousands of children who have grown up to be useful members of the community in which they live. The
Newark Orphan Asylum was organized in 184S, and has its building, which is a beautiful and imposing structure, an ornament,
indeed, to any city, at the corner of High and Bleeker streets. It is under the care of women entirely and is managed by them solely.
They receive orphans and half-orphans from two to ten years of age, and are pleased to receive visitors every Tuesday and Friday.

Last though not least, of the five beneficent institutions which our artist has brought out so beautifully in his combination picture
which illustrates a full page of this book of art is the Foster Home, which occupies the centre of the page and shows with marvelous
clearness the architectual grandeur of the building, where so much of comfort is meted out to the unfortunate, who pass the early
years of their life within its portals. This home is situate at No. 2S4 Belleville avenue, in the northern part of the city and is easy of
access from all sections. It is worth a visit at all times to see the smile of contentment play over the faces of the little ones.

The Newark Charitable Eye and Ear Infirnary was founded February i, 18S0. It was located at first near the northwest corner

High street, surrounded by a large
tract of land. During the year
iSSi. it was moved to its present
location. No. 60 Sterling street.
Its object is the gratuitous treat-
ment of the poor, for diseases of
the eye, ear, nose and throat. It
has an out-door and a hospital
department. The dispensary is
open for diseases of the throat in
the morning and for eye and ear
in the afternoon Up to date
49,500 patients have been treated
for the eye and ear and 2,783 for
throat diseases. During the last
year there were almost 200 treated
in the wards. The property be-
longs to the association, but there
is a heavy mortgage on it. The
instution is supported by volun-
tary contributions and a small
donation from the city. A strik-
ing illustration of the infirnary
building is seen in the combina-
tion picture, occupying the lower

KRUEGER PIONEER HOME FOR AGED MEN, AVON AVENUE. right hand COmer.

XEU\IRA\ X. /,, ILLUSTRATED

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

THE DAILV ADVERTISER AND THE SEMTINEL OR EREEDOM.

THERE are not many publications of their kind in this country
better known than the Daily Advertise^- and the Sentinel
of Freedom. The first issue of the latter publication was sent out
ou October 5, 1796, and was the beginning of the second Newark
newspaper. Daniel Dodge was the printer and Aaron Penning-
ton the editor, and the recordsof that day announce that the office
was the old First Church building, near the Court House. It was
an ambitious paper, and made such headway that one year from
its foundation it was enlarged and embellished to such an extent
that Messrs. Pennington and Dodge placed their names as the
responsible publishers and felicitated themselves and their readers
on the "gayety of attire" which it donned with its first birthday.

proprietors. In his long control of the newspaper Mr. T. T.
Kinney developed rare acumen as a conductor of a really great
journal, and built up a property which ranked with the rich
periodicals of the United States. In Oba Woodruff he had an
assistant familiar with his superior's mental and business trend,
and master of all the nice details of management. Mr. Woodruff
went into the office of the Advertiser when barely fourteen years
old, and died in the ser\ice of the journal he had worked for
so long and so zealously. His death occurred in 1892, and
few Newark men have been so sincerely and widely regretted-
He was known to thousands through the Advertiser, and his con-
nection with the Board of Freeholders as its clerk for twenty-four

In October, 1799, the publication passed under the control of
Jabez Parkhurst and Samuel Pennington. On January i, iSoo,
the proprietorship changed again, Mr. Parkhurst's interest being
taken by Stephen Gould. The latter retired in May, 1803, and
Mr. Pennington in November of the same year, the Se?itinel of
Freedom then becoming the property of William Tuttle and John
Pike. In 1S04 Mr. Pike dropped away and the firm was known as
William Tuttle & Co. until the periodical was sold to the Daily
Advertiser, and merged with which as its weekly edition it has
since remained.

The Daily Advertiser was first issued in Jlarch, 1S32, as an
exponent of Whig principles, and was a sturdy advocate of Henry
Clay and his protective tariff policy. As the first daily newspaper
in New Jersey it achieved prominence rapidly, and under able
conduct had great weight in political affairs. After the fever of
the political campaign was over the newspaper passed into the
hands of Mr. William B. Kinney ; from him went into the pro-
prietorship of Mr. T. T. Kinney, and thence to its present

years, gave a still more extensive acquaintance. Another of the
able men who gave prestige to the paper was the late Sanford B.
Hunt. Of broad mind, thoroughly read, with a style always
graceful, sometimes pungent, never weak, he ranked as a writer
with the foremost editors of his time. At the death of Dr. Hunt
the chief editorhsip devolved on Noah Brooks, now the principal
writer of the paper and a worthy successor to the man whose
chair he fills. Mr. Brooks is known the country over as an editor
of experience and a vigorous writer.

The illustrations which accompany this sketch are portraits of
men who have made the Advertiser famous, and the design
gives an idea of one of Newark's literary features.

The Advertiser is old, but it is a potential factor in the
progress of the city, a conserver of public morals and a magazine
of news covering civilization. Recently it changed its form, and
the familiar aspect of the paper was lost, but in its new shape it
still wins its way, saving all that was good of the old and adding
new force and new laurels to its renewed vouth.

NEWARK, N. /, ILLUSTRATED.

THE NE\A<^ARK EVENIMO MEWS

SINCK its first issue, September i, iS53, the
record of the Newark Evening News has
been on 3 of constant and rapid growth. Starting
with an edition of about 3,000 copies, run off on a
little press capable of printing only one side of 3,600
sheets an hour, the paper has in ten years attained
a daily circulation of 33,000. This is far more than
twice the largest circulation ever attained by any
other New Jersey daily newspaper.

In the tenth year of its wonderful career the owners
of the Evening News purchased the fine double
building at Xos. 215-217 Market street, nearly the
whole of which is devoted to its use. Here it has an
equipment by far surpassing that of any other New
Jersey newspaper. Each of the two great quadruple
Hoe presses, made to the order of the publishers, is
capable of printing, cutting and folding 48,000 six
or eight page ; 24.(X)o ten, twelve, fourteen or six-
teen page ; or i2,oo<j twenty, twenty-four or twenty-
eight page papers an hour.

This splendid press room equipment is the fifth
put in to meet the necessities imposed by the growth
of the News. The little press first put up in the cellar
of the building, Xo. 844 Broad street, proved in a very
few months inadequate to meet the demands upon it,
and was replaced by another with a capacity of 12,000
copies an hour. Only four-page papers were printed then,
it being necessary-, when eight-page ones were needed, to
print two sheets separately and fold them together. In a
year or two this press was in turn replaced by another of
double its capacity, and using stereotype plates. This
soon proved unequal to its duties, and was followed by
still another, the capacity again being doubled. That
press, the last used in the Broad street building, was capable
of only half the work which can be done by each of the quadruple

the Ne-u-s had outgrown its old quarters. Additions had been made
to the building, Xo. 844, and the upper floors of the one adjoining, Xo.
.S46, had been leased and used. In the Evening A'ews building all the
departments of the paper find ample accommodations.

Closely connected with the press room is a complete stereotyping
apparatus. The presses are run and power for other work is furnished
by a double fifty horse power engine. The building is lighted
throughout by electricity, the entire plant being owned and operated
by the A'ews.

The number of men employed in the composing room of the News is
far in excess of that working on any other New Jersey newspaper. In
all its departments the same fact holds good. It does more work and
employs more men to do it than any of its State contemporaries.

From the beginning the Evening News has been under the same
management. Wallace M. Scudder is the publisher and Henry Abbott
Steel IS the editor. They started the paper and have been in constant
charge of its affairs. William Hooper Howells is the manager of the
advertising department, which has fully kept abreast with the paper's
growth in circulation and influence. Rusell P. Jacoby was the first
city editor. The editorial, reportorial, business and mechanical staffs
are large and are directed by the men who founded the paper.

The Evening News is a newspaper pure and simple. It is entirely
independent in politics. It has no social, financial or political axes to
grind, no interests except those of the public to serve, and no entangle-
ments to make it negligent to those interests or untrue to them.

NEWARK EVEXINr; .N'LUS LLILbl.NG.

NEWARK. X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

TOW'K X^LK.

NO WORK that is in any way descriptive of the Newark of
to-day would be complete without something more than a
passing allusion to that bright and welcome weekly visitor, Town
'Talk. The people of Newark are practical, every day, common
sense, business folks, not inclined, as a rule, to be over enthusias-
tic, but as regards Town Talk there can be no question or doubt
of the interest the)- feel in it. Why is this ? Because, weekly it
comes to please their senses by its handsome artistic appearance,
which is not surpassed by any similar publication in the country,
to drive awaj- dull, carking care with merry jest and funnv illus-
trations, to keep them posted with regard to the happenings of
society, of the matrimonial events that have transpired or are to
come, of music, the drama, the various sports, in short, because it
is thoroughly and intensely Newark in every way. Its success

has been phenomenal, and far greater than its projectors even
dared to hope for, and it never passed through the vicissitudes
which so many of the barks launched on the sea of journalism
experience. On the contrary, its first issue was received with the
greatest favor, and the passing j-ears have served to enhance the
high opinion in which it is held by the people of Newark. Fear-
less, entertaining, with fresh, crisp, humor, the brightest of
illustrations and the most trenchant of comment on matters of
local interest, it is conducted with marked ability in every
department, and its immense popularity and ever growing circu-
lation bear the best evidence that its high standard, literary
merit, and advanced ideas are appreciated by the community at
large. It was established March 15, 1S90, by Messrs. S. R. and
Wm. A. Baker, its present editors and proprietors.

THE BOARD OF TRADE.

INGULAKI.V enough, the Board of Trade of
the city of Newark, a great manufacturing
city, is of com-

V-TT

'SI MK\ I Ol

^V , "^I^IP. p a r a t i V e 1 >•
hj^^^^i^^ recent origin

/^f C^^Mr^ ' ' "■ 3 s not

- *^^" until the year

iS68 that the
first steps
toward its
organiza t i o n

were taken. Kebruary 20th, of

that year, a call was issued to the

merchants and manufacturers of

the city to attend a meeting, to be

lield in the old Librarj- building.

on Monday, February 24th, at 7.30

!■. M., " to consider the propriety

of organizing an association or

Board of Trade in this city." In

])ursuance of that call only sixteen

gentlemen assembled. These

were : (General X. X. Halstead.

James R. Sayre, Jr.. Henry \V.

Duryee. Henry Hill. Moses

Bigelow, Thomas \V. I.)awson.

C Harrison Condit, George Peters.

William H. McClave. Isaac fJaston.

I'hineas Jones, Orson Wilson.

<;. X. Abeel, S. R. W. Heath,

Thomas Sealy and William II

Camp.
(Jeneral Halstead was chosen

chairman, and Colonel Abeel

secretary of the meeting. The

following^resohitions were presented by Mr. Hill, duly seconded

and unanimrms-
Iv carried :

•• R e so iTcii.
that we do here-
by organize our-
selves into a
Board of Trade
in the city of
Newark."

C o m ni i Itees
were appointed
on constitution
and by-laws, on
nermanent or-
ganization and
on permanent
headc|uarters.

On the 17th of
March, 1S6S, a
meeting was
held to com-
plete the organ-
ization, and a
committee was
appoint ed to
11 om i nate offi-
cers. The elec-
tion was held
.March 21st. and

i3rTiJija/ni:;(

>Eill liOVI'l

iiv Till-; iiu.uiii

ALLli.N LKI. llASSF.-n , PRKSIDKX I .

the following gentlemen were elected unanimously: President.
Thomas \V. Dawson; Vice-presidents, General X. X. Halstead.

M OSes Bigelow, Theodore P.
Howell ; Secretary, Col. Gustavus
N . Abeel; Treasurer, Isaac
Gaston ; Directors, George Peters,
S. R. W. Heath, Orson Wilson,
Peter II. Ballantine, William H.
Camp, William H. McClave,
Thomas Sealy, William M. Force
and Herman Schalk.

The following year the Board of
Trade was incorporated by an act
of the Legislature of Xew Jersey.
Since its organization the Board
has always been active in all
matters and measures likely to
etfect and advance the best inter-
ests of the city. As far back as
1.S73 it began to advocate the
obtaining of a new and better
water su])ply for the city, and it
has been largely in.strumental in
securing the s])lendid supply of
pure water in which the city now
rejoices.

The Board of Trade began the
agitation which finally aroused the
citizens to the necessity of a free
])ublic library, and culminated in
the establishment of a library
which is the city's joy and pride.

It was also mainly instrumental
in raising a fund to endow and
carry on the Technical School

which has alieady demonstrated its v.aluc ,-ind importance in the

industrial prog-
ress of the city.
By the Board s

energetic action

and advocacy

a n appropria-

t i on was se-
cured from Con-

g r e s s for the

erection of a

n e w Unit c d

Stales Custom

House and Post-

Otficc building

worthy of the

growing size

and importance

of the city. It is

also largely due

to this Board

that the railroad

fares between

Newark and

Xew York were

reduced.

One of the

first things

taken up by the

new body after s.vmuki. .\iuATr:i<, iiusr \ icjK-rui;suii;xT.

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

JOHN H. STOHAEUS, SiiCOXD VICt-PKESIliEX I .

Its organization
was the i m-
provement o f
the navigation
(if the Passaic
River. In 1868
a memorial was
sent to Congress
asking for an
app ropriation
for that pur-
pose, and in
1S74 the Board
liad the pleasure
nf listening to
a report on the
manner in
« hich the river
was being
dredge d and
dj'ked by the
United States
L-orps of engi-
neers, under
(leu. John New-
ton. In 1S84 it
sent another
petition to Con-
gress for the continuation of those improvements, and several
appropriations have since been made for that purpose mainly
through its instrumentality. The Board's solicitude for the
promotion of the city's water commerce is seen in the active part
it took in the attempt to build a ship canal between Newark and
New York. An effort was made to secure an appropriation from
Congress, but it failed, and eventually the project was abandoned.
The river to this day receives great attention from this body of
business men ; any obstructions in its channel are reported by it
to the proper authorities as soon as known of.

The Board in the first year of its life induced the New Jersey
Railroad Company to lengthen the span of its draw-bridges over
the river so as to leave a space of 70 feet in width for the passage

of boats and
ships. It has
since fought
successfully
against the
practice of the
railroad c o m-
panies to close
the draws in
the winter for
repairs at such
dates as they
pleased and for
as long as they
pleased. Now
each bridge is
closed at a
stated date and
for a stated
length of time.
Indeed, with-
o u t dwelling
longer upon de-
tails, it may be
safely said that
the B o a rd of
Trade has been
energetic, e n-
I-. T. C.1LINN, SECRET.4KV. thusiastic and

active in every
movement to-
wardiniproving
the city's ad-
vantages a n d
resources, i t s
m anu f acturcs
a n d its c o ni-
merce.

The B o a r d
has now a mem-
bership of over
two hunc'rjd,
and includes
among its num-
bers all of the
most prominent
and progressive
manuf acturers,
merchants and
pr of essi on;il
men in the city.
It ought, in the
future to be a
potent, if not
principal factor
in the city's
advance ment
and prosperity, and its past achievements should be eclipsed.

The monument of Seth Boyden, Newark's greatest mechanic,
in Washington Park, was erected by the efforts of this Board, at
once an ornament and a monument to its own public spirit.
This statue was modeled by Karl Gerhardt, of Hartford, Conn.,
and is a work of art of w-hich any city may be proud. But aside
from its aesthetic value, it is the first public monument ever
erected to the honor of labor in this or any other country.

The Board of Trade, its meetings as well as its publications,
have been the influential medium through which Newark and its
commercial advantages have developed into metropolitan
greatness and success. Early it saw its opportunity, and
it is to be congratulated upon its achievements.

The present

ELI.\3 S. W.MiD, THIKU VlCE-rRESIDENT .

the
the
are

officers of
Board for
year 1892
as follows :

President,
Allan Lee
Bassett ; Vice-
p residents,
John B. Sto-
baeus, Samuel
Atwater, Elias
S. Ward ; Sec-
ret ary, P. T.
Quinn : Treas-
urer, James E.
F lem ing ; Di-
rectors, Samuel
S. S arge an t ,
William A. Ure,
George A. Wil-
liams, George
W. Wieden-
m ay e r, A. B.
Twitchell, R.
G. Salomon,
Riley W. Bond.
James Hodge,
A. E. Seliger.

J.\MES E. KLEMING, TRE.\SUKER.

THE LEATHER INDUSTRY.

fJi^f^- y H E pioneers of Newark were evidently believers

yy _^^~^ in the maxim. •' There's nothinj; like leather,"

^B W^^ • and their faith has been justified. The leather

jfl F»Q business has been one of the chief factors of

'^^^ 4t_/ ^^^ greatness of the city. It has already been

• fjf shown how the first tannery in the town was

^J ^ established by Azariah Crane, in the year 1698.

iP^ #\> near "the watering place for cattle," and how

^^ the necessary land was given him " so long as

he doth fiillow the Trade of tanning." More

than twenty years prior to this time, in the year ifi7f), a " Sealer

"tanner)" of which there is any record or mention, is that
established by Azariah Crane in 1698.

Figures are not forthcoming to show the progress of the leather
industry during the first century and a half of the town's
existence. But in the year iSio we find, by the United States
census for that year, that the town turned out $451,970.00 worth
of leather and leather products. In the year 1S30 there were
thirteen tanneries in the town, with an aggregate capital of
S78.ooo.oo. The value of the leather turned out by them in that
year was $503,000.00. This did not include products manufac-
tured from leather. In the vear 1S35 the value of the leather

GKUIP OF LEATHER MANUFACTURERS.

of Leather " was appointed " for this Town," "according to the
order of the General Assembly," and it has been argued thence
that leather was made in the town prior to the year 1676, but it is
probable that what leather was made was simplj' home- tanned,
and that merely the surplus over what was needed for home
consumption was offered for sale. This appears the more likely
from the fact that the preamble of the Act of the General
Assembly, ordering Sealers of Leather to be appointed, recites
that complaints had been frequently made that leather sold in
the province had been insufficiently tanned. It was evidently
home-made, amateurish work. But at all events the first

product of the town was 8889,200.00, an increase of more than
seventy-five per cent, in five years. The following year, 1836, a
census w-as taken by the city authorities, and from it we find
that the value of the leather product was $899,200.00. We also
find that the manufacture of boots and shoes gave employment
to 734 persons, and turned out a product valued at 81,523,000.00 ;
and that the manufacture of saddles, harness, whips, &c., gave
employment to 590 persons, with an output valued at 8885,500.00.
By the year i860 the number of tanneries in the town had
increased to thirty, with an aggregate capital of 81.025,300.00,
employing 1,064 men, and with an output valued at $2,880,022.00.

A'EII'.IA'A'. .V. /, ILLUSTRATED.

* r ^ ..ii t-

•'^t

T.P. HOWEI.L cV: CO., -MURRIS CAXAL, XEW. WIL.SEV AXl) XUTJIAX STREETS.

In the year 1870 there were forty-five tanneries, and the total
output was valued at $5,998,361.00 In the year 1880 the number
of leather manufacturing houses was only thirtj'-nine, but the
total value of their output was $10,442,092.00, or almost double
that of 1870.

At the present writing the United States census for the j-ear
1890 of the manufacturing interests and products of Newark has
not been published, so that it is impossible to give any figures
for that year.

The most remarkable branch of the leather industry in Newark
is the manufacture of patent and enameled leather. The father

of this industry here was Seth Boyden, whose name is so memor-
able in the industrial history of the city. His sales of patent
leather in the year 1S24 amounted to $9,703.06. In the year 1S40
two houses were engaged in the manufacture of patent leather,
with a total production of $18,229.17. In 1S50 the number of
patent leather tanneries had increased to four, and the value of
their output had swelled to the sum of $216,666.67. I^i 1870 the
number of these tanneries was fourteen, and the value of their
production 82,999,180.00. The next decade does not show as
great a relative increase in the trade, for which, no doubt, the
long financial depression from 1S73 to 187S was responsible. In
1880 the total output of the patent leather tanneries was $3,480,-
981.67, an increase, however, during the decade of over thirteen
per cent. During the year ending June 30, i88g, the total value
of the production of patent leather had grown to the vast propor-
tions of $5,567,575.00 ; number of tanneries twenty-three.

T. p. HOWKLI., FOINDF.R.

T. F". HOWELL cS: CO.

IX I S40 the late Theodore P. Howell laid the foundations of the
great leather industrial establishment which occupies several
acres of ground on the Morris Canal, New, Wilsey and Nutman
streets, which is in all probability the greatest tanning and
currying establishment in many respects in the world. Mr.
Howell not only found time to superintend his great tanneries in
Newark, but also had an immense slaughtering establishment in
New York City, where he had a quarter of a million beeves
dressed under his immediate care in order to avoid the cuts,
bruises and scarifications which nearly ruin so many hides from
carelessl}^ dressed beeves.

The establishment has been carried on since the death of Mr,
Howell in 1878, by his sons Henry C, and Samuel C. Howell.
both of whom are worthy representatives of their illustrious
father. Under their care the business has gone steadily forward
till this year, 1892, when it requires such an array of figures as
follows to represent its greatness, viz : 40,000 hides of beeves,
150,000 skins of sheep, 10,000 skins of mountain deer and 10,000
skins of calf, are yearly turned mto leather, requiring the labor
of quite six hundred skilled workmen. The output of this house
has a vahie of more than a million of dollars annually.

NEIVARK. X. /.. //./.rsTA'.l /•/■:/).

BLANCHARD, BFO.
LANE.

hAc^i

WE present herewith
an illustration of
the establishment of
Blanchard. Bro. & Lane,
on the block bounded by
Bruen, Hamilton and
McWhorter streets, also
a portrait of its founder,
Noah F. Blanchard.

The name of Blanchard
is closely mterwoven with
the patent leather indus-
try of Newark, the four
brothers, Noah F. . David
O., Samuel F. and
Charles C, having been
all brought up as tanners
and japanncrs of leather.
Newark being the central
point of this industry,
they removed here from
the East early in the
forties, and soon became
noted for their skill in and
knowledge of this busi-
ness, to which they have
devoted their energies.

I n i860 the oldest
brother, Noah F., started
the business which has
since developed into an
immense establishment,
the name of which is
known wherever the
article of patent leather
is used. The year
following, Mr. P. Van
Zandt Lane joined the
Blanchard brothers.

NOAH K. BI-ANCMAK[), KOIM.I K.

ever been to maintain the high standard Newark leather has in the markets of the world.

BLANCHARD, BRO. * I.ANE, BKUEN, 1IA.MILTOX AXU MC WHORTER STREETS.

uniting his business and financial knowledge with their practical oversight of
the manufacturing department, and he now occupies the position of head of the
corporation in which the firm was merged after the death of the founder,
whose sons now occupy the practical position held by their honored father.

The present officers of the company are P. Van Zandt Lane, president ;
Theodore C. E. Blanchard, vice-president ; Matthew T. Gay, treasurer ; Leno.K
S. Rose, secretary, and Fred. C. Blanchard, superintendent.

The goods of this company find markets in all parts of the world, their
production being used by the carriage, harness, upholstery and shoe trades,
their reputation being of the highest grade. Gold medals and diplomas were
received by them for their exhibit at the International Leather Exposition in
Berlin in 1877, and at the late Paris Universal Exposition, and their efforts have

NFAVAKK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

C. H. & J. D. HARRISON.

The Inventor of Patent Leather

TH E extensive tanneries of C.
H. & J. D. Harrison occupy a
large plot of gi'ound bounded b}- New
York avenue, McWhorter and Garden
streets, but a few yards from the
tracks of the Pennsylvania Railroad.
These immense tanneries now, in
1892, have an output of several hun-
dred thousand dollars. This firm
allows no hides to go into their vats
except fri ni the backs of steers fat-
tened for market, and consequentl)-
the brands of leather which they turn
out are very popular in the marts of
trade. The Harrison brands of coach,
carriage, saddle and harness leathers
are of the very finest quality, as we'.l
as the fancy leather in colors, the
book-binding, the traveling bag and
belt leathers, all of which are popular
and find a ready sale. While the
Harrisons have never allowed their
business to suffer in consequence,
thej' have found time to act the part
of a worthy citizenship and have served the people in official
capacities, John D. having been made Sheriff of Essex county,
and Charles H. elected to the Legislature. John D. is now
president of the Security Savings Bank and of the Newark
Electric Light and Power Co., and the Domestic Sewing Machine
Co., and is connected with other financial and business institutions.

SETH EOVLiEN", INVENTOR OF PATENT LE.^THEK,

AS t h e wayfarer passes along
Broad street and his eye casual-
ly turns to the "westward, he sees the
monument erected in lasting bronze
to the memory of the aproned mon-
arch, Seth Boyden, one of the greatest
geniuses in mechanism that the world
has ever produced.

Seth Boyden ! What a simple name,
but what a fame ! The world is full of
monuments erected in honor of war-
riors, statesmen and eminent divines.
Cities almost everywhere have de-
lighted to honor their noted dead, but
it was left to the city of Newark, in
the State of New Jersey, to honor the
mechanic and inventor. It was left
to Newark to pay the just tribute to
the man who built the first locomo-
tive, the inventor of patent leather
and malleable iron. In honor of Seth
Boyden, whose genius in mechanics
and invention contributed bej'ond
measure to the upbuilding of the
great industrial city of Newark, and laid the foundation
for the great leather industries carried on here, there stands
and will stand as the ages flit by, the monument of honor,
which, if the passerby will stop to contemplate, will teach
such lessons of love and generosity as will continue so long
as life lasts.

C. H. i- J. D. HARRISUX, NKW Vi JRK AVEXUE, MlWHDKTER .VNl) l...\Klii:x >rkl,KTS.

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

«7

g i ■ I i i j I v^^..

REIBKN TRIKR. JlcWHORTER AND KINNICV STRKETS.

REUBEN TRIER.

THERE arc eighty-seven firms engaged in manufaeturing
leather within the boundaries of the city of Newark, which
turn out such an enormous quantity of leather as would startle
any who had not made themselves acquainted with the facts in all
their various forms as they exist at the present time. The
united productions of these great industrial concerns are dis-

tnbuted throughout the cities of the United States, and quite a
large percentage exported to other countries. The illustrations
on this page represent the works of Mr. Reuben Trier, manufac-
turer of patent and enameled leather. The plant was founded in
1S82, situated on McWhorter and Kinney streets, and though
young in years, comparatively, makes a showing worthy of high
commendaticm. The house is a leading one in its line of trade,
and its founder and conductor, Mr. Reuben Trier, ranks among
the prominent and able representatives of the patent and
enameled leather industry of Newark.

Mr. Trier is himself a practical tanner, and a gentleman of wide
experience and acknowledged skill in the leather trade, in the
successful prosecution of which he has displayed in a marked
degree the sterling qualities and progressive enterprise that
characterizes the prosperous manufacturer. The tanneries of
Mr. Trier cover nearly the entire block fm McWhorter street,
between Oliver and Kinney streets. They are equipped with all
the latest and very best improvements known to the trade. In
the conduct of his tanneries the proprietor gives steady employ-
ment to nearly one hundred skilled workmen in tl.e various
departments, and judging from the progress made in the past
decade the necessity will soon exist for an enlargement of the
plant and for an increase in the number of hands.

The products include all brands of patent and enameled leather,
and the finer grades of furniture leather, this latter being a
specialty of the firm, all of which find a ready sale in the cities of
this country. The house is well and favorably known, and its
founder is one of the most successful representative leather manu-
facturers o£ the city.

Mr. Trier is not only a successful business man, but is one of
those men who has a strong hold on the confidence and afTections
of the people, and has often been called upon to fill places of
public trust and honor. He has represented his Assembly district
in the State Legislature for three successive terms to the satisfac-
tion of his constituents. Jlr. Trier is now a member of the
Board of Works.

XEIIJA'A'. X. /. ILLl'STRATEJ).

f» -fs

HUGH SMITH, CENTRAL AVKNTE, BLKKCKER, HOVT AM) LOCK STREKTS.

HUGH SMITH.

MONG the numerous tanneries which have contributed to
make the city of Newark, X. J., the centre of the patent

and enameled
leather indus-
try of the Uni-
ted States, and
perhaps of the
world, are the
works of Mr.
Hugh Smith,
located on Cen-
tral a venue,
Bleecker, Hoyt
and Lock
streets. These
tanneries stand
d e s e r V e d 1 V
hijjh. Starting
in 1862, with a
capital of less
than two hun-
dred dollars this
jjublic spirited
and enterpris-
ing citizen has
Ijuilt up a busi-
ness of large

■^

-'^

jjroportions for the manufacture of the celebrated "iHirham
Brand" of patent enameled and fancy colored leather of every
descr i p ti on,
which are sold
from his own of-
fice without the
aid of a single
salesman, thus
making their
own market and
c om m an ding
the highest pri-
ces. Mr. Smith
is ably assisted
by his two sons
Jlessrs J. T.
and H.E,Smith.
For s e v e r a 1
years much of
the responsi-
ble detail work
of the establish-
ment has fallen
to the hands of
these represen-
tative young
businessmen. ja.ml. r. s.umh.

AEirARK, X. /., n.T.VSTRATED.

M. SIEDEIMBACH.

THE city of Newark. N. J., favored as it undoubtedly is by
location and natural advantages, combined with the push
and enterprise of its citizens, has steadily advanced in wealth,
influence and prosperity, until at the present time it stands
unrivaled as a manufacturing centre amongst the great cities of
the American Union. In the pursuit of manufacturing industries,
•■there is no city in the United States that surpasses it in the
numerous variety of its industries." Hence, that particular
interest which has contributed so much toward accomplishing this
grand result, must necessarily be a vastly important one. Such

of this city and its busy artisans. The superior advantages
afforded by the location of the city for the cheap and rapid
acquirement of raw material, together with the abundance and
cheapness of jjower, both water and steam, gave the industry an
impetus in the outset, which has never lagged up to the present
time. Among the large establishments now devoted to the con-
duct of this branch of industry is that of Mr, M. Siedenbach.

The extensive tanneries of Mr. M. Siedenbach, corner of
Summer and Seventh avenues are noted for their production of
the various grades of bag, trunk, case, pocket-book, bookbinders

M. SIEDENBACH, SUMSIER AXD .SKVKNTH AVENL'KS.

to-day is the leather industrj' with millions of dollars invested,
emplo)-ing as it does thousands of skilled citizen mechanics, and
with inumerable kindred interests dependent upon it. Nearly
two centuries ago the first leather factory or tannery was erected
in April, ifigS, in what was then called the Swamj), now Market
street, by Azariah Crane. Since then the leather business has
been an almost indispensable adjunct to the manufacturing
interests of the city. What the cutlery industrj- is to Sheffield,
England : the iron interest to Pittsburg; or the grain interest to
Chicago, so the leather interest may be said to stand in its rela-
tion to the welfare and importance of Newark, being by far the
most largely represented of any of its industries. In 1818 the
manufacture of patent and enameled leather was introduced by
Seth Boyden, who is the author of numerous useful and valuable
inventions which have contributed in no small degree to the fame

and furniture leather, in all colors. The plant is one of the most
complete in the city, being well equipped with all the latest and
most improved machinery throughout. Mr. Siedenbach uses only
cow-hides which are handled from the raw or salted state, the tan-
ning and finishing being all done on the premises and under his
own personal supervision. The "Seal Brand" of this house is
well and e.xtensivelj- known in all the markets of the United
States, and are exported to Canada, South America and the
States of Europe.

The success of Mr. Siedenbach is due largely to the careful
attention which he devotes to the business and his complete
understanding of the wants of the trade. He is very particular
as to the minutest details of filling and shipping orders, and thus
he has gained the good will of the trade, with a bright promise
of its retention.

9°

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

CASHIOX & FLYNN, CHAPEL bTREET.

CASHION & KLYNN.

THE business of this flourishing young firm had its foundation
laid in 1882. In a small way Richard Cashion and John
B. Flynn, two enterprising young men who had served appren-
ticeships, opened business, but their knowledge of tanning in all
its branches was such a helpmeet that they soon established
themselves (although the older tannery men dubbed them " the

boys,"' ) it was not long before they reached such an advanced
state as to need enlarged quarters, and they increased their
advantages accordingly.

Their establishment is on Chapel street, and has a capacity of
several hundred thousand dollars. The beautiful engravings of
their buildings, as illustrated herewith, show very truthfully
where their specially popular brand of patent enameled furniture
and hat leather is made. They employ about seventy-five men
and turn out two hundred and fifty hides a week.

^^^^H^

191

H^^^HI

RICHARD CASHION.

THOMAS FLV.NN.

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

R. G. SA.LOMON,

WW iiilii

^11 I'll I MIllSl^

1 tiijii

the infinite variety of its leather pro-
ductions The Hamburgh Cordovan
Tanneries of R. G. Salomon have few-
equals and no superiors. These great tan-
neries over which Mr. Salomon presides
with masterly genius and marvelous suc-
cess, had their foundations laid in 1S77 in
an unpretentious little place, where he
labored himself and gave employment t<i
two others. From these modest beginnings
has grown the great industrial establish-
ment, which in many respects, take rank
with the best in the world. The unbounded
spirit of enterprise, the genius and wisdom,
the never say fail character of R. (i. Salo-
mon when studied by the light of the
splendid results seen in the successful
upbuilding of his great business, are worthy
of the highest commendation and the fullest
emulation.

In the great tanneries covering the im-
mense territory extending from Xo. 99 to 1 1 5
Sussex avenue, and from Xo. 14 to 38

Nesbitt street, more than six hundred and fifty men are given
steady employment at remunerative wages. Not these great
bee hives of industry alone are sufficient for the conduct of his
great business, but he must need occupy the immense building on
Avenue C. formerly occupied by the late decea,sed and well-known
morocco manufacturer, Christy Xugent, as well as two immense
warehouses in Xewark. with branches in New York, Boston, San
Francisco and Chicago, as helpmeets indeed. To satisfy the
insatiate maws of his tanneries representative agents are kept
busy gleaning the markets of the world for hides and skins,
Africa, Australia and far-away India; England, France, Austria
and Germany, also contributing rich material for satisfying the
growing appetite of these great tanneries. Into his enormous vats
more than three million skins are placed every year. In their
passage Ihnjugh the various stages of their conversion into
leather resulting in the enormous total output of more than $2,000,
cxx), with a capacity for 3.ooo,o<xj of dollars a year. In this con-
nection, it may be interesting to know that thousands of the
skins of the high leaping kangaroo or marsupial of Australia,
find their wav over more than fourteen thousand miles of

•tiniiiH

R. G. SALOMON, NESBITT STREET.

R. G. S.VLOMON, SUSSEX .WENIE.

boisterous sea, to be converted into leather in the tanneries
of Salomon only to make the same journey back to \'an Dieman's
Land for conversion into shoes for the people to wear. Just
here, it is not unworthy of mention, that R. G. Salomon is the
father of the horse hide tanning industry of Newark and in this
country, as well as being one of the ohief promoters of the busi-
ness of tanning and converting into leather the hides of the
steady-going, busy, old porpoise of the seas, for the capture of
which he maintains his own private fisheries at Ilatteras and in
the Gulf of St.. Lawrence. His tireless agents also gather in
yearly, thousands upon thousands of skins from the deer and the
antelope roaming the hills; and goats from the far away rocky
crannies, in order that the skilled artists and rare manipulators of
hides and skins of animals in his employ may be supplied with
a sufficiency fif raw material to keep them busy. He does not
stop here, such a demand has his industry made for the utile
and beautiful .alligator leather, which he turns out from his estab-
lishments, it takes nearly or quite all of the precious time of that
strange pachyderm growth from his babyhood alligatorship to
his crocodile manhood to " mind his eye," while taking his sun-
baths on mossy banks of the sluggish
lagoons in the everglades of the South or
lolling his hours away on the warm sands,
lest the wily hunter who has learned the
value of his scaly skin shall catch its
sparkle and glimmer and send a " brain
searcher," from his Minie rifle and start his
scaly rough hide on its way North for con-
version into leather in the vats of Salomon
on Central avenue and Nesbitt street, from
whence, " Heigh Presto," it comes forth

With its markings quaint, strange and rare.
To circle the waist of my lady fair.

and we are divulging no secret when we
state a fact that should be generally known
that the alligator skins, in more than a hun-
dred beautiful shades of color, are converted
into dainty slippers worn in the Harems of
Turkey, and that quite lately a demand has
sprung up in China and Japan for this
specialty. In all the great leather centres
of the nations few brands are sought more
generally and command a more ready sale,
at better prices than the " Cordovan," of
Newark, N. J.

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

JOHN REILLV,

THE future of Newark as a manufacturing point is
not a matter of guess work. It would have been
made a certainty b)' its leather interests alone. The
magnitude of this indtistry can scarcely be related with-
out exciting a doubt as to the credibility of the narrator
and the credulity of the reader, but in commercial circles
the immensity of the business is well known

In the front rank of the patent and enameled leather
manufacturers stands Mr. Rielly, who in 1S71 established
the factory on Avenue C, Murray and Astor streets, near
Emmet street station of the Pennsylvania railroad, now
one of the most prominent plants of its kind in the
country. Every process through which the leather
passes from its crude state to its finished state is under
his personal supervision, and its market is the world.
A thoroughness of manufacture and an enterprising
policy of doing business, coupled with the known integ-
rity of the man in commercial circles, compass the
reasons of his exceptional success. Time was when
Newark's leather industry was confined to a few tan-
ners of hides and those who put them in shape for
carriage use — or for that matter any use to which
enameled leather may be put — were few and far between.
Their product w-as the poorest, and would have driven
the trade away from Newark, but for the work of such
men as Mr. John Reilly. He is one of those who
brought to bear upon the industry a wealth of energy
and brain, which would have ensured success to any
enterprise. It was attention to detail, a keen knowledge
of the requirements of business and a determination to
win, characteristic of the man, which won the way.
The half tone engravings from photographs represented
on this page, convey to the reader an idea of the works
which Mr. John Reilly founded, and has presided over
for nearly a quarter of a century.

The golden value of a practical and thorough business
education for men who embark in the manufacturing

•A
Si.

'J.

JOHN' REILLY.

pursuits, has seldom found a more forcible illustration, than in the
case of Mr. John Reill)'. Here is a man whose steady success has
frequently led citizens to inquire the cause, which was principally
his entering the patent and enameled leather industry with a keen
vinderstanding of its many intricate demands. After a long and
worthy apprenticeship Mr. Reilly started to build for himself a noble
future, and his success may be read in his past clean record and his
present standing in the manufacturing and commercial marts of the
leather trade. He has labored strenuously to produce the very best
grade of leather, and in his transactions towards his customers has
at all times manifested a marked degree of business veracity.

NEWARK, N. /, ILLUSTRATED.

CONROV & WEVRAUCH.

F< >R nearly two centuries the art of tan-
ning and currying leather in all its
various forms has been one of the staple
industries of Newark, N. J. Ever since the
establishment of the first tannery at the
" swamp " or " watering place " on Market
street in 169S. the business has steadily
increased and wonderfully improved.

Men of remarkable talent have been
identified with this line of business, and the
official records of the United States patent
office at Washington unfold the stories of
their achievements in the way of devising
new methods, new processes, and new ]>ro-
<lucts. Where the onward movement will
ultimately reach, no man is wise enough to
foresee. On this page is represented the
works of Messrs. Conroy and Wey ranch,
manufacturers of every description of fancy
colored leather. The business was estab-
lished in 18S1, and located at Nos. 45 and
47 Morris avenue. The i)lant is admirably
fitted up with every improvement imd
enjoys a patronage of large proportions,
due principally to the e.\cellent products,
consisting of bofjkbinders', pocketbook
makers", and all kinds of fancy c«)lored
buffings, the latter brand being a sjjccial

feature of the house. Messrs. Conroy and Weyrauch are practi-
cal leather men with a thorough knowledge of the trade in all its
details, and retain the confidence of all with whom thev have
had business transactions.

All the special brands of Newark made leather find a ready
sale in the leather markets of the world, and always at fairly
remunerative prices. Thus, it is, that so large a percentage of
those engaged in the tanning and currying business within the
bounds of the city of Newark, early become comfortably well-to-
do, and not a few become millionaires. While Messrs. Conroy
and Weyrauch do not yet class with the latter, they have gained
such honorable competence as is a fitting reward for a career of
well-doing. As an incentive to others to follow in the lines which

c ■■Nk"\ .V WEVK W . II, 43 Wl" ^^ MOKKIS AVENIK.

this company have laid down, they have but tn note their rapid
progress made under the conditions surrounding this firm, who
first became mechanics and studied the theory before they became
practical business men, so that their |)rogress may not be
evanescent and fleeting, but firm and enduring. With Conroy &
Weyrauch, as with many other among the successful leather
manufacturing firms of Newark, it has been the practical and
theoretical knowledge of the business which has been their
guiding star, while an honorable determination to succeed has
lured them on to success and given them such a competence as
might satisfy the most ambitiously inclined. " There's nothing
like leather," except it be " good leather."

JOHN F. tOXROY.

GEORGE WEVR.4LCH,

NEWARK, N. J , ILLUSTRATED

L. M. SMITH & SONS, MORRIS CANAL AND LUCK STKELT.

L. IVI. SMITH & SONS.

THAT the city of Newark stands peerless and unrivaled among
the manufacturing centres of America, is a fact on the record
which stands without gainsaying. With a population of two
hundred thousand souls— a .little more perhaps— it starts the
wonder growing, when the realization of the fact steps to the front
and settles the declaration that within the territorial boundaries
there are fully fifteen thousand places where manufacturing in
some one or more of its multitvidinous phases is carried on. High
up on her pleasant hills, and among the wide-spreading branches
of her forest of shade trees ; low down among the sands of " the
Neck," along her busy thoroughfares and deep, dark alleys, from
here, there, and almost every^vhere, the curl of the dark smoke i ;
seen ascending from the slim pipe
or tall chimney of some place where
manufacturing is in progress.

Among the nearly one hundred
tanneries nestling in every part of
her domain, where much of the
very best leather in the world is
made, the industry carried on by
L. M. Smith & Sons, at 6i and 63
Lock street, adjoining the canal,
although young in years when
compared with many which are
hoary with age and filled with
honors now in the leather manu-
facturing line, they have a rank
and standing over which they may
well feel elated. From i86g until
1SS7 the head of the firm was asso-
ciated with others, but the bent of
his genius, his skill and persever-
ence had to have a wider field in
which to work out his long
cherished ideal, and taking his two
sons with him, they started the

manufacture of leather on their own account, founding the firm
above named. Herein, the success which has followed their close
application to business, which first had the necessary practical
acquaintance, is an example for young men growing up in our
midst, which would insure great profit to them by emulation. L.
M. Smith & Sons now employ between twenty-five and thirty
skilled workmen, and handle 250 hides a week, which they convert
into patent, enameled and bag leather ; also leathers for
pocket-books, and fancy colored leathers in great variety, all of
which find a ready sale in the several cities of the United States.
If more of our young men had, and would exercise the moral
courage which is having such a beautiful demonstration in the
course that the younger members of this firm are pursuing, there
would be more real success than now marks their progress.

I.. M -Ml 1 li

NEWARK, M. /., ILLUSTRATED.

MOSES STRAUSS.

LONd j-ears before Moses Strauss had
become afflicted with the desire to travel
in foreign lands, Newark had been made the city
t>f promise, as the home of men; where manu-
facturing should be carried on. He had not
looked up to the mighty Alp on Alp, nor seen
them glinted over with the sun's evening adieu
in finely spun lines of purple and gold, for the
last time without lamenting his long delayed
thought of tearing himself away from the land
of his birth and the home of his fathers.

The sound of the hammer, the purr of the
wheel, the puff of the steam engine, as they
came up from the cities and villages of his own
native land, had little other purpose than to
hurrj- him on in bid^ling adieu to home and
Fatherland to seek his fortune in the new world,
far away toward the setting sun, where his
mind's eye lx;held the m<Klest Dame Fortune
beckoning him on. In the fullness of faith
to do and dare, with grip-sack in hand, the
step is taken, and now the realizations of all, is to leave
friends and kindred to establish a far-away home among
strangers is upon him. but with a strong right hand the tear
of regret that had sprang from sympathy's fount is dashed
away forever, and his motto " Onward right. Onward," became
the star of his hope, and but a few years roll by when
among the many thousand manufacturing proprietors who have
established places for carrying on their industries in the city of
Newark, deserving particular mention is found that of Moses
Strauss, who began the making of leather in 1867. His begin-
nings were modest indeed, since he gave employment to only five
workingmen, but there was a genius and push behind it, which
no obstacle appeared ])owerful enough to hinder in its onward
progress.

r : I h I ' ^ h V i \ 11 \\

'K I MK 1-1 AN I

lUKMAN AM' \l.-^l■^ SIKI.KIS.

MOSES ST.^USS,

Like many another from the Fatherland, Moses Strauss had a
fondness for travel in his early years, and following this
bent he visited various interesting points of the United States,
but finally selected Newark as the place wherein to build a busi-
ness, a name and a fortune. Having learned the trade of tanning
and currj-ing, it was natural that he should early settle down to
the idea, that there is " nothing like leather." So it is in no way
surprising that we find Mr. Strauss engaged in the work of
making leather, a business with which he is thoroughly
acquainted, and giving another example of the tact and good
judgment of the sons of the Fatherland. In the early days of his
wonderfully successful career Mr. Strauss confined his efforts to
the making of bag and belt leathers, but with that quick and
certain discernment, for which Moses Strauss has ever been noted,
he saw the opening of the large undeveloped field in the carriage
and saddlery lines of leather and arranged his plant for its manu-
facture. At this time he is turning out 350 hides a week from his
great tanneries situated on the blocks of ground between John-
son, Vesey and Hermon streets. The brands of leather turned
out of his industrial establishment rank deservedly high and sell
readily in all the leather marts at home and abroad. Wherever
Newark made leather is sold (and where is it not ?) the finer
grades manufactured by Moses Strauss are eagerly sought.

As the thoughts revert to the young man, as he walked the streets
of his native place and where everything is naturally dear to him,
as the companions of his childhood and youth; the image of the
ost opportunities and of so many failures time up before him and
grudgingly give place to such a marked example of a wonderful
success, following close on the decision to leave them all behind,
to be cherished only in sweet remembrance, as the years, heavy
laden with unreluctant toil for a living and competence roll by ;
as he hies him away to America to enter the struggle in the race
of life away over there. Here then, in the head of this one of
Newark's great industrial establishments, now stands this young
man in the person of Moses Strauss, another of the glorious
examples for emulation by others, and in full demonstration of
the fact that the lack of capital in cash to start with, is not a
barrier against success, but as in the example of Moses Strauss
and many others, who having the will, soon learn the way to cross •
the barriers, mount the walls and plant their banners where they
can float in triumph and where a full competence peacefully
reigns.

Mr. Strauss is happily situated in having an able son to assist
him in bearing the burthen of his great business in the closing
years of his active business life. Mr. Louis Strauss, his son,
early felt leanings toward the calling and adopted the profession
of his father for his life business.

NEWARK, N. J., ILLUSTRATED.

CUMMINGS BROS.

NEWARK stands to-day without
a rival in the leather industry
in the civilized world. The percent-
age of her population engaged in the
work of converting the hides of
animals into leather, is truly startling
in amount when compared with that
of many of her sister industries.
When the amount of capital invested
in the tanning plants which have
grown up within her borders in the
past decade is considered, there is
little wonder that the growth of the
citv has been so phenomenal, and that
when it is added to the entirety of
money invested in leather-making
enterprises, it mounts up to more
than sixty millions of dollars.

When the first tanner laid the foun-
dations for the lime pit and tannery
in the early history of the town, he
in all probability built better than he
knew. He little thought that in his
modest beginnings he was lighting
the spark of an industry that would
know no quenching. He had much
less thought that his modest begin-
nings would have the marvelous growth and development, which
marks the greatness of this important branch of the manufactur-
ing industries of New Jersey's metropolitan city at this time.

The history of the leather industry is so interwoven with the
rise and progress of the cit\-'of Newark itself, that in writing the
history of one, the statement of the facts relates to the other, so
close do the lines of their march run together.

Among the enterjirising firms engaged in this great branch of
Newark's industrial interests, is found that of B. Cummings &r
Bros., leather manufacturers, whose extensive tanneries are
situated on Marshall street, near Washington. The beautiful and
striking photographs of the Cummings tanneries, on this page,
are indeed truthful representations of the buildings which are
the homes of the several departments of the tanning industrj'
which they conduct with such marvelous success.

Like thousands of the other industries conducted in the city of
Newark, which have grown to their present great proportions,
the Cummings tanner\^ industry began life in a modest way in
1879, Mr. James Cummings being the founder. He remained

iiiil
1 5 i ii

■ I H i! i

11'

i;LK.N.\kh, j.\.M:;i .\N"I) jo:i.\ cl:mmixg.o

1;.. CL'.MMI-N'GS ,S: UK"..,, (J RAW" 1' >K 1 • STREE'l .

alone in the business until iSSi, when his brothers John and
Bernard took an interest, when the firm of B, Cummings &■ Bros,
was organized. They are each practical tanners, having learned
the art in detail, thus becoming experts in the business, and it
can now be said, if long and faithful apprenticeship, supplemented
by years of practical experience in the leather industry, directed
b)- more than ordinary intelligence and tact, is worth anything as
an introduction to public favor, then the hou e of B. Cummings &
Bros, is surely entitled to such favor.

The fact that this house turns out a thoroughly good article has
been long established, the personal oversight wliich the members
of the firm give to the business, and the watchful care and over-
sight which they give the manufacturing processes in all their
stages making it quite impossible for an inferior or damaged
article to come out of their vats or from off their finishing tables.
Their factories being fitted up with all the latest improvements
in the art of tanning, and being fully equipped with all the latest
improved necessary appliances, and having in their employ a
large corps of .skilled workmen, leather bearing the imprint of

fine workmanship and the stamp
of hands that are skilled, is the
result. This house manufactures
the finest grades of furniture,
grain, bag, pocket-book, and an
almost endless variety of fancy
colored leather, all of which is
noted for its superior quality and
finish. In few markets do the
leathers of B. Cummings & Bros,
need an introduction. They have
become so well-known that goods
bearing their stamp have only to
be seen to be appreciated, and find
a ready sale in all the markets of
the United States and Canada.
The success which has marked the
career of this firm is another of
the demonstrations of the fact that
it pays always to be well up in the
theor}' of your adopted profession
before attempting to practice it.

NEU.tRK, X. J , ILLUSTRATED.

■ ■ « V ■ j^" '

3 3jj '^..,

0r^

Hi ill

II. I'. VVITZEL COMPANV. WRIGHT STREET AM) AVENUE A.

H. P. WITXEL COMPANV.

THE foundation of Newark's greatness as a manufacturing
city was laid in the tanning of hides and the making of
leather. From the beginning, this industry has seemed to draw
the most active and business-like men. as well as the thoroughly
skilled mechanics and artisans around its. in many respects, unin-
viting exterior. The reason for this lies in the fact that the great
incentive which draw men on : the rich results, were ever present.
Whether the purity of the water and high quality of the aiaterials
used has done its part, results alone can tell. The facts are
before us that no set of men can make a better .showing on the
tax books of the assessor than can those engaged in the manu-
facture of the great staple — leather.

Among the nearly one hundred firms engaged in this branch
among the thousands of Newark's teeming industries, is that of
The H. P. Witzel Company, who carry it on extensively in the
capacious factory buildings photographs of which grace this page.

This factory was established in 1S71), and has now been run-
ning most successfully for nearly a decade and a half of years.
Mr. H. P. Witzel, who honors the concern with his name, and is
president of the company, is a thorough tanner, and takes pride
in his art, never ceasing to labor for its exaltation by turning out
the ver)' finest leather that human ingenuity can produce. Close
application to business, deep study and painstaking care has pro-
duced such results, which, when studied with care by others,
redound to his credit and make him an authority.

In iSSq Messrs. August Loehnberg and Uaniel Kaufherr were
admitted as partners in the concern, and thus bringing to the
conduct the industry, genius, talent and business acumen which
soon confirmed the promises which Mr. Witzel saw in the proposed
combination and enlargement. But many a brilliant promise has
been nipped in the bud, and so it proved to this firm when the
apparent certainty of an early future of success in business was
checked by fire, when on Dec. 25, 1890, the entire plant was
destroyed. Nothing daunted by this catastrophy, however, the
go-ahead firm which knew no such word as fail, set to work
immediately to clear away the charred remains of the debris out of
the energy of years of labor, and began the construction of larger,
better, more modern and convenient buildings in which to rebuild
the stricken industry, and in a marvelously short period of time
the wonderfully capacious and convenient buildings now occupied
by the firm, and which the photographer's artist has transferred so
truthfully to these pages, were ready to receive all the very latest
and best improved labor and time-saving furniture and machinerj-
necessarj- for carrying on the manufacture of leather. The fire

tfmk ]ilace on the 25th of December, iSgo, and the new factories,
to take the place of the old, were ready August i, iSgi. On the
21st of May, 1S92, the company was incorjiorated with Herman P.
Witzel as president, Daniel Kaufherr as vice-president, and
August Loehnberg as treasurer. Located on Wright street
and Avenue A, convenient to railroad facilities, where an easy
and cheap transportation of the raw material and finished produc-
tions are enjoyed, this prosperous firm carry on their growing
business, making all kinds of patent and enameled leathers for
domestic and exjwrt trades. The tanneries of this firm also make
a fine grade of fancy morocco finish leather for upholsterers' use,
which finds a ready sale wherever there is a demand for this line
of leather productions. Into the vats of this industrial establish-
ment 250 hides find their way each week, which are put through
the various manipulations found necessary by the nearly fifty
busy workmen engaged in converting them into the various
grades of patent enameled, fancy morocco finish, and other grades
and brands of leather made in the tanneries of this firm of H. P.
Witzel Company.

II. r. WITZEL.

NEWARK, X. /, ILLUSTRATED.

K. A. SCHA.KKF~ER.

THE best indication of the
increasing business of the
leather trade of Newark is to be
found in the way in which the
leading houses are increasing
their facilities, in order to keep
pace with the growing demand
made upon them. Among the
many enterprising firms en-
gaged in the leather interests
of the city that of F. A. Schaef-
fer is worthy of special men-
tion. The business, the works of
which illustrate this page, was
established in 18S7, located at
Nos. 57 and 59 Bergen street.
The firm manufactures every
description of bag, book, furni-
ture, gimp, cord, fringes and
fancy colored leather, which is
unexcelled by any other house
engaged in the same industry.
The output consists chiefly of
fancy trunk, book and binding-
leather, which finds a ready
sale in the leather markets of
the United States and Canada.
The firm's customers are per-
manent ones, which is a sure
proof of the superior quality of

their productions and the liberal and honorable character of the
firm's transactions.

F. A. Schaeffer is at present engaged in manufacturing a
special brand of embossed furniture leather, which enjoys the
exclusive distinction of being so made that the colors will not rub
off like those heretofore placed in the market, making the firm's
brand the most desirable that the trade can purchase. And thus
it is that in all the markets in this country where leather is bought
and sold, and in many of those across the ocean, the special
brands made by F. A. Schaeffer find a ready sale.

The factory is four stories, 50x100, with an L extension 25x50.
A force "of seventy-five men is steadily employed, from which

F. \. SCH.\EFFER, 57 & sq F.ERGEN STRF.ET,

fact some idea may be had of the extent of the output.

It is a novel sight, truly, that one will witness within the walls
of the several large buildings which Mr. Schaeffer uses in the
conduct of his growing business. Men (mostly stalwarts) stripped
to the buff, look spectre-like as they move amid the steam rising
from the hot liquor charged with tannin filling the great vats,
carrying the hides from one to the other, where they are treated
to baths in the process of converting them into leather ; or as they
stand at them and ply the currier's knife to clear the hide from
all the flesh and extraneous matter, thence to the drying frame,
thence to the branding and general artistic departments where the
finishing touches are put on in converting hides into leather.

SLIiAEt I- t-.K.

II. V. .•>L11.\EFFLK.

NEWARK, X. J , ILLUSTRATED.

JOSEPH N/IEIER.

THE immensity of the manufact-
uring interests in Newark and
the diversity of the productions of
the constantly increasing number
of establishments, which are con-
tinually demanding an increasing
amount of supplies, will of course,
stimulate production.

In the single article of leather
belting alone, the manufacture and
consumption is simply wonder-
ful in amount and startling in
character, it requiring the output
of more than one great tannery to
meet the demand for leather suit-
able for converting into machinery
belts. Thus it is that another great
industry has resulted from the
demand for a larger and better su])-
ply of leather belting One of the
concerns devoted to the manufact-
ure of leather belting is that of
Joseph Meier at 291 Market street,
where many skilled workmen are
employed.

\'ery great and radical changes
have been made of late years in
the art of belt making, and this

has been brought about by the intrDduction of electricity, which
requires a much better belt than was in use heretofore and which
could not be made with the hides tanned at present. Steers
which furnished the hides in former years were left till they
reached the ages of from seven to ten years before they were
slaughtered. This addition to their years made the shoulder
parts heavier and the hides larger, and more parts could be
utilized than at the present day. Since the large packing houses

josBPii Mr.n K.

MEIER'S PATENT FRICTION WIIKKL.

of this country have found that it does not pay to allow a
steer to get beyond three years to get profitable beef, therefore it
is that excellent belting leather is obtained from the light hides
of the yf)ung steers, and much less of the hides can be used.

The improved methods used by Mr. Meier in the industry of
belt making does away with the use of the shoulder parts, cut from
the skins of older steers and formerly used for making what is
known as the "long lap" belting, and only the best parts from
the hides of young animals are used in the manufacture of the
"short lap," which is universally recognized as the best ever
made.

In proof of the well recognized merits of the belting turned out
of the establishment of Mr. Joseph Meier, it is only necessary to
take a look into the great electrical plants and factorys where it
is in use Thus in Newark his belts are running in the New
Jersey Zinc and Iron Company's works, the Newark Electric
Light and Power Company, the Celluloid Manufacturing Com-
pany, the Clark Mile End Spool Thread Company, and by Hallan-
tine it Co , and many others, while in New York four belts of his
peerless production, making 350 feet in length, and of the startling
width of four feet and four inches, is now running in the U. S.
Illuminating Co. , and in the Equitable Building on Broadway there
are in daily use all the belts for their immense electric light plant.

Besides the conduct of the business of manufacturing belting
in all its grades, Mr. Meier has found time to give play to the
bent of his genius in other lines and has invented and placed
upon the market what is called Meier's Patent Friction Pulley, and
means of transmitting power, which has proved a contri\ance of
great beneficence and wonderful utility. Wherever Mr. Meier's
Pully has been used the voice of commendation is loudlj' heard
in its praise. In its adoption for the transmission of power it
meets three very desirable ends, viz : First, the saving of space,
as will be seen at a glance by the observer, from fifty to seventj--
five per cent, of room is saved ; second, in saving power ; third,
in saving journals and lubricants. In the saving of power Mr.
Meiers' wonderfully unique contrivance transmits the power
from the driver to the driven, and reduces the consumption of
lubricants to the mininum.

Mr. Joseph Meier has offices also at 32 and 34. Ferry street.
New York, as well as at 2yi Market street, Newark, N. J.

NFJVARK, N /., ILLUSTRATED.

VVII.UAM ZAUN, PRESIDENT.

CHARLES MULLER, SEC.REIARV .

THE WILLIAM ZAHN LEATHER COMPANY.

IN THE very roomy looking and comfortable quarters repre-
sented in the photograph of the buildings on the opposite
page, are housed the tanning and currying industry of the William
Zahn Leather Company. The plant is located at Nos. 309 to 327
Academy street, and at Nos. 197, 199 and 201 Norfolk street,
while their handsomely fitted up offices are at No. 325 Academj-
street.

What made the building up of this great industry possible, and
at the same time giving it such an impulse as to challenge the
admiration of the enterprising and thoughtful, everywhere
■within the reach of its influence, was the genius of William Zahn,
who invented several methods of tanning Dongola kid, and had
the same patented in the United States of America, and in
Canada, Great Britain, France, Germany, England, Belgium,
Austria and Italy as well.

Among experts in leather, and leather manufacturers in general,
the product turned out of the Zahn tanneries it is seen that all the
finer elements and none of the coarser are contained in the
output ; and receiving the plaudits of those who know a good
thing when they see it, and who spurn the word jealousy, standing
ever ready to say to their fellows who win success in any and all
lines, "well done!" In the manufacture of the Dongola kid,
none but the very best material and cleanest substances are used,
and all the skins which it is designed shall be used in the manu-
facture of this one desirable brand of kid leather undergo the
most careful inspection by old experienced men, who make the
inspection, and should they find a single small cut on what is
otherwise a perfect skin, it is thrown out and passed over to some
other tanning establishment for conversion into a cheaper leather.

The William Zahn Leather Company does a large business, which
had a modest beginning, but the very excellent management of
the concern, joined with the marvelous skill of Mr. Zahn, it has
grown to its present proportions, and now employs a large capital
as well as a large number of thoroughly well skilled curriers, who
manipulate the skins, that in the trade throughout the city of
Newark they are recognized as master workmen. This leather
finds a ready sale in all the markets of the United States and

Canada, and not a little of their product is shipped across the
Atlantic, where it gets the first call and commands the largest and
best prices which will satisfy the makers here.

Mr. Zahn is a practical as well as a thoroughly scientific man,
and fully ver.sed in all matters pertaining to the business. He
spends much of his time in the factory and oversees all the various
departments. He is assisted by Mr. Charles Muller, the secretary
of the company, a thoroughly competent and able co-worker.
The firm employ only mechanics who are masters of the various
branches of the tanning trade. The scientific and chemical
department is imder the exclusive management of Messrs Zahn
and Muller, thus maintaining and preserving the excellency and
far-famed reputation of the products of the William Zahn Leather
Compan)-.

The latest addition to the company's immense plant, which is
shown on the opposite page, is the chemical laboratory, which is
situated on Academy street adjoining the office building of the
company, and is under the management of an eminent chemist, a
gradtiate of one of the famous universities of Europe. Mr.
William Zahn is an honorary member of the " Academic Paris-
ienne des Inventeurs," and was awarded the grand diploma of
the Academic in 1S92, and also received the gold medal for the
most improved scientific process of acid tanned leather. Owing
to the rapid growth of the business, and the increased demand for
the superior quality of Dongola kid manufactured by the com-
pany, which goes out under the name of " Pioneer Kid," (Mr.
Zahn being the pioneer of this method of tanning leather). In
1S91 the popularity of this brand of leather had become so great
it became necessary, in order to meet the rapidly growing demand
throughout the country, to have greatly increased facilities for its
manufacture, and the William Zahn Leather Company was
organized and incorporated under the laws of the State of New
Jersey to meet it. Prior to this time Mr. Zahn had conducted the
business exclusively, and had everything done under his own
immediate supervision. The company, as at present constituted,
consists of Mr. William Zahn, President ; Mr. M. F. Zahn, Treas-
urer ; and Mr. Charles Muller, Secretary,

NEWARK, N. /., JLLUSTRATED

lOI

«
a!

NF.WARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

THE

LEATHER
SUM\4ED

INDUSTRY
UF".

IF, TO the writer of Illustrated Newark, there is vouchsafed by
the proprietors, managers, conductors, operators and work-
men engaged in moving onward all the others of the multi-
tudious industries gathered round this great central figure, the
pleasant reception, and courtly treatment which is indeed akin to
friendship, old and long matured, which has been extended by
the leather men and the representatives of this leading industry,
we shall be engaged in the pleasant task of picking sweet
flowers from the field of duty, and regaling ourself with luxuries
which we knew to be extant, but felt were beyond reach, and
only to be worshipped from afar. With our first knowledge of
tanners and tanning, came testimonies of love, forbearance and
ideas of courtley welcome to visitors. Did not the courteous
Simon throw wide open the portals of his house which stood by
the sea side (and he was a tanner) to the despised fisherman, and
set such an example of a pleasant reception and courtesy
extended to strangers, that set all heaven aglow and started the
Angelic messengers forward
on that errand of love which is
girdling the world ? r

It having been the happy lot
of the editor to meet and do
business with tanners in sev-
eral parts of the country, and
never having come in contact
with one who could not be
classed as a gentleman, it then
did not create surprise when
visiting the great leather manu-
facturing establishments of
Newark to find that the leather
men were gentlemen, and
many of them so truly old-
fashioned as to be the duly
accredited disciples of the
ancient "Simon, the Tanner,"
who had dug his lime pits,
reared his drying sheds and
set up his beam, and in short
established his plant for the
manufacture of leather, close
by the Mediteranian sea-side
in the far away Judian land. J""^ mi m ,< ,-. ..... km>

Like man)' another, our knowl-
edge of the extent and greatness of the industry of leather
makers was extremely limited, but as the facts accummulated
and the data were filed and the figures rolled up into the
totals, and the magnitude of the industry began unfolding
and the work of measuring began, our wonder grew apace,
and as the evidence of the greatness was presented in the
number of establishments, the amount of capital invested in
plant, material, machinery and mechines and the labor
employed, m the language of Goldsmith, "Still our wonder
grew," that such a mighty concentration of industrial wealth and
grandeur should be so near and play such on important part in
the manufacturing drama, and so very little of it be seen and less
understood.

In considering the figures here presented, in totals, it must be
remembered that they were collected during 1S90, and for nearly
two years have been in the collectors hands and now during the
closing hours of 1S92, given to the public for the first time, as
follows, viz : Number of establishments engaged in the manu-
facture of leather, 50 ; capital employed, $5,052,687 ; total value
of plant, §2,429,495 ; value of land, $500,300 ; buildings, $678,307 ;
machinery, tools and implements, $435,321 ; live assetts, $2,643,-
292 ; raw material, $539,106 ; stock in process and finished pro-
duct, $i,26S,6So; cash bills and accounts receivable, and all

sundries not elsewhere reported, $835,506 ; aggregate of wages
paid, $1,534,779; average number of hands employed during the
year, 2,303 ; of these there were males above 16, 1,754 I females
above 15 years, 2 ; children, 4 ; piece workers, 543. The aggre-
gate of cost of materials used, $4,712,662 ; divided as follows, viz :
principal materials, $4,503,157 ; fuel, $57,137 ; mill supplies,

; all other material, $152,368 ; miscellaneous aggregate,

$230,104 There were reported as expended for rent, $29,240 ;
power and heat, $600 ; taxes, $27,948 ; insurance, $25,173 ;
repairs, ordinary, of buildings and machinery, $35,599 ; interest
on cash used in business, $35,621 ; all sundries not elsewhere
reported, $75,923 ; aggregate value of goods manufactured,
$7,619,667. All other products including receipts from custom
work and repairing, $711,419. That these figures have been
largely supplemented since they were compiled in i8go, is
evidenced in the preceding pages. The facts therein pre-
sented, where it is shown that several new factories have been
started and old ones enlarged, giving increased capacit}^ and
requiring a large number of employees, for their conduct, is
conclusive proof that the industry of tanning has been mater-
ially advanced since the census
of 1890.

The history of the world is
filled with the recorded deeds
of heroic men who have won
honors on bloody fields, but the
pages of Illustrated Newark is
the place for recording the
names of men whose genius
and foresight has made Newark
great. The Howells. Smiths,
Halseys, Harrisons, Strausses,
Rileys, Triers, Crockers, Salo-
mans, Me3-ers, Witzels, Sieden-
bachs, Quimby, Lentz, Blan-
chard & Lane, Conroy &
Weyrauch, the S chaffers,
Nieder and Pfeil, the Langs.
Zahn and MuUer, and those
grand men of the early
age of this giant industry,
Azariah Crane and Seth Boy-
den, with nearly 100 others,
who have contributed and
who are now aiding in the great
MKK. 1 AM. .\\ 1.:%. K . work of placing Newark in the

fore front of manvifacturing
cities of the world, and the imperishable renown of her leather
industries.

JOHN NIEDER & CO.

IN ILLUSTRATING the various interests which have con-
tributed to make the city of Newark the leading centre of the
leather industry of the United States, and perhaps of the world,
attention is directed to the enterprising firm of John Nieder & Co.,
manufacturers of book binders and pocket book brands of leather.
The works are located on Emmet street and Avenue C, near the
Emmet street station of the Pennsjdvania railroad. The firm
consists of Mr Jonn Nieder and Mr. Martin L. Pfeil, two young
and enterprising Newarkers, whose achievements as leather manu-
facturers are highly creditable to their push, enterprise and
business ability. The plant herewith given from a photograph
is admirably fitted up with every improvement known to the
trade, and its products are well and favorably known throughout
the country for their superior quality and finish, consisting of
book binders and pocket book makers, leather of every description
and color. Mr. Nieder has ably represented the citizens of his
ward and district on several occasions in the board of education
and in the State legislature.

THE BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY.

. I, WAYS ready to learn, and apt to fashion, and
having in view comfort and fine lines of
beauty, the shoemakers of Newark early
gained a reputation as perfect fitters, and their
successors held it close and made it lasting,
so that wherever Newark made footwear is
seen it carries with it a model for perfect
fit, elegance and comfort for others to pattern
after. Among no class of our manufacturers
does their exist a more kindly feelinir. and the tie that
binds is strong and enduring ; between employer and
employee there has ever been a community of interest, and
whatever tended to the welfare of one had the trend toward the
best interest of the other Among the larger number of men
who have risen from the '• seat." to the station of a '" boss," there
is a community of feeling which finds its way among the members
(if teams and becomes an incentive to study and practice, to
watch and to learn that they too may be ready to step into the
rich places when time or accident shall have made a vacancy. It
is an old Franklintonian saying, and one often rehearsed in the
presence of the thriftless and the patrons of idleness and those of
a roving dispositi<in, "Shoemaker stick to your last," but there
is seldom or never a need for its saying li> the builders of footwear
since they seldom change, but clinging to the old, old calling you
will alwavs find the shoemaker at hi-; " 1;i>it " and " best."

JAMKS A. BA.NISTEK CO.

THE manufacture of boots and shoes for men's wear, ranks
among Newark's leading industries, both as to quantity
and the superior quality of a large percentage of the product.
So decidedly is this the case, that in every leading city and town
in the United States. Newark shoes are carried by those dealers
who cater to the most fastidious custom trade.

No one house has contributed so largely to this result as that of
James A. Banister Co. This establishment was founded in the
year 1S45, by Isaac Banister, father of the president of this com-
pany, who was a thoroughly practical shoemaker, being brought
up to the trade from his infancy by his father, who was also a
shoemaker. The desire of the house always has been to make only
the best goods, and taking the best custom made shoes as their
models, they have sought to imitate them in style, fit and wear-
ing qualities. How well they have succeeded, is evidenced by
the position the house occupies in the trade after an experience of
forty-five or forty-si.\ years.

James A. Banister became a partner with his father in :S52,
under the firm name of Isaac Banister & Son, the senior retiring
in 1S57. and the business was continued by James A. Banister
until 18(15, when Lyman S. Tichenor became associated with
him. and the firm became Banister & Tichenor, and continued

J.AMES A. B.AKISTER CO., WASHINGTON STREET.

104

NEU-.IRK. X. /.. ILLUSriiATED.

so until the death of Mr. Tichenor,
which occurred in iSSi. From this
time till January i, 1S92. James A.
Banister was sole proprietor.

On the first of January, 1892, the
firm was incorporated under the
name of James A. Banister Com-
pany, and without any change in
the general management — all the
stockholders (James A. Banister,
John W. Denny, James B. Banister
and George A. McLcllan) having
been connected with the business
for several ^-ears in the same
capacities they now hold.

On account of a strict adherence
to the original policy, marke dout
by the concern at its start, of
making only the best goods, the
business has grown to be one of the
largest in the United States, and
its products are recognized as the
standard for the highest excellence
in the trade.

The factory now occupied by the
James A. Banister Co. , is located on
Washington street, very near the
centre of the city, and was erected
in 18S8 by Mr. Banister, with a
special view to the necessities and
conveniences of his largely growing
business. It is a four story brick
building, 2S0 feet long with a front-
age of 35 feet, thoroughly' lighted
on all sides. Its ventilating and
sanitary conveniences are of the
latest and most approved construc-
tion. The building is heated by
steam in every part. The factory

JAMES A. BANlSlKk.

hJUK UK.'AKf.ME.STS I.V JAMEj .A. BAMSlliK CO.,;SHOE .MANUFACTORY.

is sujjplied with a large engine and boiler, sufficient for furnishing
abundance of power and heat to the premises, and is provided with all
the necessary and most improved machinery for the production of first-
class work.

The first requirement sought of any machine, which it is proposed to
introduce into the factory, is that it shall do its work equal to the old-
fashioned hand manner of doing things, and no machine is used that
does not come up to that standard.

Mr. Banister has always taken first-class premiums wherever he has
exhibited his work in competition with others, and had a medal and
diploma given him at the Vienna Exposition in 1S73, an award of merit
and medal from the Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, 1S76, and a
medal from the New Orleans Exposition, 1SS4-S5.

XEUARK, N. J. ILLUSTRATED.

>o5

JOHiNSTON & N^URPHY.

NO one branch of the industrial pursuits which have made the
city of Newark celebrated all over the world as a manu-
facturing centre, has done more in the upbuilding of her greatness
than the industry of bixit and shoe making. These great establish-
ments, scattered as they are all over her territory, are nearlv, or
quite, a half hundred in number, giving employment at fairly
remunerative wages to thousands of ojieratives who can^- on the
work of converting the leather made in her own tanneries into
foot wear for the millions, and no industrial centre can boast of
workmen better skilled.

Very few. mdeed, of the industries carried on in Newark, employ
a larger number of men. women, and children than that of boot
and shoe making. It is not alone in the large factories that we
find this industry progressing. In many a garret and basement
cord-waining teams can be seen at their work and often while one

JOHNSTON a MURPHY, LINCOLN STREET.

of the number reads from a book, phamphlet or paper his com-
panions ply their vocation, listening attentively to what is read and
then all will discuss very understandingly points held forth in the
matter read, as well as all the leading questions of the times. No
class of mechanics are more quietly/lisposed, or give less trouble
to their employers; or are possessed of a larger fund of informa-
tion; or grasp the leading questions of the times more readily than
the shoemakers. It was the great Benjamin Franklin who
bestowed upon these sons of toil the distinguished title " Garret
Philosophers," in consideration of their achievements in learning,
gained during the hours of toil, their work being of that character
which does not require any great amount of either mental or
physical strain, and thus he maj- study himself or listen to the
reading of others, or whistle or sing all in good time with the rat-
tat-tat of his hammer, as he drives a nail here or drives a nail there
Very few of the industries carried on in Newark use a larger
capital, and to a better advantage, or turn out a product of
greater value, than do those who follow the business of convert-

ing leather into boots and shoes for both gentlemen's and ladies
wear. Newark made boots and shoes, early in the century, gained
a repute for beauty of finish, stylishness of pattern, high order of
workmanship, which have been held against all competitors, and
all over the world to-day the footwear bearing the tra<le mark of anv
one of the great Newark establishments finds a ready sale in all the
leading marts of trade and command the very best of prices.

Johnston and Murphy is one of the most successful firms
engaged in the manufacture of men's, boys' and youths' shoes for
the best retail trade.

The business was established by William J. Dudley, in a small
way, in 1850, at No. 312 Market street, from which place it was
removed to Nos. 26S-2-2 Market street, where it remained until
1891, when, to accommodate a constantly increasing business, it
was again removed to its present commodious quarters, at Nos.
42-54 Lincoln street.

In 1S79, Mr. Dudley needing more capital, aUmitted as a

partner, Mr. James John-
ston, for sometime a resi-
dent of Newark ; they,
continuing the business
under the firm name of W.
J. Dudley & Co. Mr.
Johnston 's popularity amcmg
the trade had its effect in
increasing the business until
iSSi, when Mr. Dudley died.
Mr. Johnston, continued
alone until 1S84, changing
tlic (irni name to James
Johnston, and branching
out in all directions ; open-
ing up new territory for the
goods, which were gradu-
ally becoming known as one
of the most attractive lines
shown to the retail trade,
lie was at this time, and
before, largely aided in his
efforts by Mr. William J.
( )'Rourke, now a member of
the firm, and who had been
with Mr. Dudley, and later
with Mr. Johnston, since
iSOy. In him was com-
bined an original and artis-
tic mind, as well as a skillful
hand, and having, at this
time, charge of the cutting
and pattern department, the
effect of his handiwork was
seen in the increasing repu-
tation of Mr. Johnston's product, especially in patent leather work
which has ever been one of the leading features of this line.

In 1S84, Mr. William A. Murphy, formerly with his father, Mr.
William H. Murphy, in the retail business in this city, desirous to
engage in the manufacture of the goods he had formerly sold at
retail, and, knowing the growing popularity of this line, sought
Mr. Johnston, and was finally admitted as a partner ; the firm
name being changed to Johnston & Murphy.

The business since continued under the above firm name,
although, in 1891, Mr. Murphy disposed of his interest to Mr.
Herbert P. Gleason. formerly a salesman for the old firm, and
later with Edwin C. Burt & Co. , of New York City, as their
Pacific Coast representative. At this time Mr. William J.
O'Rourke was admitted as a partner.

The firm is at present composed of James Johnston, Herbert P.
Gleason and William J. O'Rourke, and has its representatives in
all parts of the United States and Canada, as well as a resident
salesman in Australia.

:o6

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

The accompanying cuts give the reader some idea of the new
quarters of this firm.

The factory consists of the main building, 150x50 feet, four
stories in height, and two wings, 50x100, three stories high. Be-
tween these wings, in the large courtyard, is the engine and boiler
house, containing a new 100 horse power boiler and Corliss engine,
made by the Watts-Campbell Co. , which furnish power for the
entire plant. In the rear of one wing, is the pleasant home of the
engineer.

The large area of floor space in the entire building, gives

some of the finest work produced by any factory in the country.

The reader's attention is called to an excellent photo of this-
room, which appears in this connection.

Next below, is the main machinery room, with an area of 7,50a
square feet, and fitted tip with everything that is new and modern,
in shoe machinery. The large increase of this firm's output has
necessitated nearly doubling the capacity of this room in the past
two years. The finishing department occupies another large
room, below which is the treeing room, fitted up with a complete
outfit of Miller's twin trees running along one side, while on the

ample and well-lighted room for the diff'erent departments. The
stock room, where the sole leather or bottom stock is prepared,
occupies the ground floor, and gives employment to about twenty-
five hands. Next above, is the cutting room, where the upper
stock is cut from the almost innumerable kinds of leather used in
this establishment, and where about thirty skilled workmen are
employed. Above this, is the fitting room, where the uppers are
prepared, and where about eighty hands, mostly girls, are at
work. From here one is taken to the upper story of the main
building, occupied by almost endless rows of benches, seated on
which are men of nearlv every nationality, making their part of
the shoe in the old-fashioned manner, such as lasting, sewing the
insole and stitching on the outsole. Out of this room comes

other, the shoes are given their final cleaning, and are packed in
cartoons ready for shipment. Next is the shipping room, occupy-
ing the ground floor of the main building, being easy of access
from both the street and various departments of the building.

The principle that the best goods are in greatest demand has
always been followed, and that by catering to the best trade, and
furnishing the highest grade of work, they are enabled to use only
the best material and employ only the most skilled workmenin the
manufacture of their product. This principle firmly adhered to,
has taken this firm rapidly along the road to success; and the trade
mark "J. iS:M.," which they have adopted and registered, as
shown in the above cut, has become a standard of excellence to most
retailers and wearers of that part of gentlemen's apparel to-day.

NEWARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

107

The a Lenz Company.

THE officers of this com-
pany are August Lenz,
president, and Isaac L.
Silverberg, secretary- and
treasurer, and there is nn
doubt but that a few facts in
relation to their business,
and to them as individuals,
would be of interest. Their
portraits are herewith given.
Mr. August Lenz, the
president of the company,
is a native of Baden, Ger-
many, where he was born
July 18, 1S3S. He learned
the trade of shoemaking in
the fatherland and came
direct to Newark, where he
started in business in a very
small way about twenty-
seven years ago, consequent-
ly he is one of those manu-
facturers who have risen
from the bench. His prac-
tical knowledge he exercises
in the supervision of the
manufacturing branch of the
business, and the entire pro-
duction of the factory prac-
tically passes under his eye
before being shipped, and
the least imperfection is de-
tected and the shoe thrown
aside, the intentions of the
•company being to supply
only perfect goods.

Isaac L. Silverberg, the secretary and treasurer of the company,
was born in Sacramento. Cal., Dee. 2, 1S60. He left California
when quite young, and at the age of fifteen started in the whole-
sale boot and shoe business with his father in Warren street. New
York. After his father's retirement from business in 1S81, he
came to Newark and entered into partnership with Mr. Lenz,
forming the firm of August Lenz & Co. Mr. Silverberg attends

to the financier-
ing an d sales
department of
the business,
and by his tact
and good judg-
ment the busi-
ness has been
increased until
the company
now stands one
of the largest
and most prom-
inent in New-
ark. In 1 8 S 7
the present
four-story brick
factory was
erected, and is
one of the best
1 igh ted and
most thorough-
ly equipped in
Newark. It is
AiGL.^n LENZ. heated bysteam

throughout, supplied with elevator, and every modern appliance
for shoe manufacturing. They have also an artesian well two
hundred and eighty feet in depth, which su])plics pure water for
drinking and factory use. The company employs about 150 hands,
and their business is increasing very rapidly, so much so that they
have decided to build an addition to their present factory, and
they have purchased sixty feet frontage adjoining their factory
and will soon
erect a building
that will be
large enough
for their re-
quirements.

Newark shoes
have always
been celebrated
throughout the
United States
a s being the
finest made,
and it must be
confessed that
The A. Lenz
Company have,
by their enter-
prise and indus-
try, aided ma-
terially in keep-
i n g Newark
shoes in the lead
of all other
makes. isa.\c i,. sii.vkhukkc

io8

NEU'ARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

VV. KRED QUIIVIBY CO.

SINCE the introduction of manufacturing in tlie early part of
the century there is perhaps no city in the American Union,
which has advanced more steadily or experienced a more healthy
growth than Newark, N. J. The value and blessings of domestic
industry are admirably illus-
trated in every section of the
town, and it is an undenia-
ble fact worthy of honorable
record that its enterprising
citizens have in a large
measure been the architects
of their own fortunes, so
the city, collectively, is not
indebted to an}' adventitious
or sudden causes for its
wonderful and surprising
progress, but has steadily
advanced to wealth and
fame only by the industry,
frugality and enterprise of
its citizens, and it now, in
1892, stands among the
foremost manufacturmg
cities in the United States.
The steady increase of its
manufacturing i n t e r e sts,
and of its population
has become much greater
during the present year
than within any former
period. New streets have
been opened in every direc-
tion, new structures have

been erected including a large number of manufacturing plants,
many of them being the largest to be found in the country. Real
estate has advanced in value beyond all former precedents, and
every interest of the city is progressing with renewed energy and
vigor.

Among the various branches of the leather trade, successfully

W. FKEI) V

carried on in Newark, the house of W. Fred Quimby Co.,
manufacturers of every description of leather, corduroy and can-
vas, stands high. This house makes sportsmen's goods in great
variety and is deserving of special mention. The business was

established away back in the
sixties over thirty years ago,
and is admirably conducted,
being the pioneer and the
only one of its kind carried
on in this city. The factory
forming an illustration on
this page is located on Penn-
sylvania R. R. avenue, cor-
ner South street. It is
equipped with every known
improvement for about
eighty skilled hands who are
constantly engaged in pro-
ducing an endless variety of
sporting men's outfits, con-
sisting of leather, dog and
sheep skin, corduroy and
canvas shooting coats, pants,
vests, hats, boots, shoes,
leggings, cartridge bags,
belts, gun and ammunition
cases, English victoria and
California cases, and covers,
tourist trunks, pistol hold-
ers, etc. The firm has
been m the trade a long
time, and has a reputation
that is not easily acquired
for good workmanship and fair dealing, and nothing is omitted
to retain the confidence and good will of their customers. The
large factory on the Northwest corner of Market and Lawrence
street is now occupied as a shoe annex to the plant, where this
branch of the trade is at present being conducted. The firm
have a large salesroom at No. 291 Broadway, New York. They
are the Eastern agents for the L. C. Smith hammerless shot guns,
and L. C. Smith automatic ejector gun. They are also the sole
Eastern agents for the celebrated blue rock targets and traps.
Mr. William Fred. Quimby is the president and manager. Mr.
Edward R. Dimmock being the secretary and treasurer.

AVEXUE CORNER SOUTH STREEl .

.^Lli^;Kl steadm.^n, shoi-; (M.mi'Er.

JOHN J. HEAllI, SHOEMAKER AND DEALER.

.VEliARK. X /., ILLUSTRATED

109

N. ). KEMAKEST ft CO., CORNEK N. J. R. K. AVENIE AND LAFAYETTE STREET.

N. J. DEMAREST ik' CO

HARNESS and saddlery manufacture in Newark, although of
magnificent proportions and volume, is not at the present
day in this respect equal to the days previous to, during, and a few-
years after the war. In those palmy days New York city was
the great head centre for merchants from all parts of the land,
and Newark its great workshop. The Southern markets were
the acme of all Northern merchants, the West a good fill in. but a
side issue. Cotton was king. To-day, how changed ; while

the productions
in bulk in
the above
lines fail seri-
ously to reach
former days,
still the quality
and variety
have m a t e r i-
ally improved,
keeping pace
with all ad-
vanced ideas,
that the money
value of its pro-
d u c t i o n s no
doubt exceed
those of old
fashioned times
and Newark
still maintains
i t s lead and
reputation as
the great head
N. J. DEMAREST. ccntTc foT fine

harness and saddlery. Among those of its manufacturers whose
productions rank in the very highest order of excellence may
be mentioned the firm of N. J. Demarcst & Co. The portraits
of Mr. N. J. Ueniarest and son Daniel Demarcst and their
factory on New Jersey Railroad avenue, Lafayette and Bruen
streets are given herewith. It is with pardonable pride that
we are permitted to speak in words of commendation of our
many industries, and of none with more pleasure than the
manufacture of harness and saddlery and its highly respected
representatives, Messrs. Demarcst & Co., who are now among
the patriarchs of the business, yet full of that young fire, energy
a n d ambition
that never dies
in the good
business man.
During the
Franco - Prus-
s i a n war.
among other
important con-
tracts for the
same purpose,
this firm made
and delivered
artillery har-
ness complete
for four thou-
sand horses
in eleven work-
ing days. This
is a fair sam-
p 1 e of the
"push" that
exists in this
city of work-
shops. l.ANIKI, DE.MARE.iT.

NEWARK, N. /, ILLUSTRATED.

his success as a manufacturer is highly credit-
able to his intelligent enterprise and business
ability.

Every owner of horses knows the value of a
well-made collar and the ease and comfort of those
that fit nicely are always largely sought, and they
never fail to find them at Winters'.

JOHN BEA.

JOHN BEA, wholesale manufacturer of fine
patent leather and horse collars, corner Bruen
and Lafayette streets, Newark, N. J.

John Bea is widely known as an extensive
manufacturer of fine horse collars, his productions
having an unsurpassed reputation, and a very
extensive sale among the most critical trade in
all parts of the Union.

Mr. John Bea, the founder and proprietor of
the enterprise, is a native of Germany, and has
resided as a citizen in this country for many
years. He is a practical man, having served his
apprenticeship with thoroughlj^ skilled workmen.
Among the first-class goods coming from this
factory the celebrated " Kay Collar" occupies a
prominent place. Mr. Bea makes a specialty of
this, and has largely added to his prestige and
reputation by the manufacture of this collar. He
employs between thirty-five and fifty men all the
year round, all of whom are skilled workmen in this
particular trade. Orders can be filled promptly,
while all are assured immediate and painstaking
attention. We are pleased to note that Mr. Bea's
enterprise, which forms an illustration on this
page, has proved so successful, as he is one of
Newark's most enterprising and honorable busi-
ness men.

C. L. WINTERS, 20 & 22 L.^WREMCE STREET.

C. I.. WINTERS.

THE wholesale horse collar man-
ufacturing industry of Mr.
Charles L. Winters, whose plant
forms one of the illustrations on this
page, was established in this cit}- in
1S54, by Mr. R. C. Winters, father
of the present proprietor. The
factory is situated at Nos. 20 and
22 Lawrence street, is admirably
fitted up and equipped with every
improvement known to the trade, and
during the past forty years of its
e.xistence has attained an enviable
reputation throughout the L^nited
States. The output includes every
description of horse collars. Special
attention is given to the making of
the celebrated " Kaj' Collar," and the
finer grades of patent leather work,
where only the best of ski led labor
is employed. Steady employment is
given to about thirty workmen, and
all orders, large or small, receive
immediate attention. Mr. Winters
is a Newarker from away back, and

JOHN HEA, CORNER L.\F.\VETTE .\ND BRLEN STREETS.

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES.

fROM the beginning of time the blinding
flash of lightning as it blazed with comet-like
splendor along the midnight sky, or sped on
its startling zigzag way from zenith to horizon,
or like fierj- serpents of old flew hither and
thither aimlessly through space giving forth
anon its sullen roar, compared with which a
hundred parks of the heaviest artillery were
mere pop gun rehearsals of sound, had
little known effect or use
except it were to make
pure the sultry summer air, or cleave
in twain the sturdy oak or sway-
ing pine. But the playing of its
fiery pranks was not destined
to last always as an unsolved
riddle. The genius of a
Franklin first bridled
heavens high mettled
steed; toyed with ^his
sparkling beauty ; and
gently soothed his wild
flashing ways till the
brilliancy of thought
from the brain of a
Morse, held him quiet
with fine spun lines of
iron and steel while
issuing his mandate
"What God hath
wrought ;" and the mar\-el-
lous genius of a Weston with
his wonderful skill could
formulate a harness of mystic
pattern with strength to hold
when hitched to the car of progress
alongside his well-trained and .sub-
servient sister, steam, and under the
whip and spur of his genius and dar-
ing experiment, making the lighting
of the clouds subservient to the will
of man. On all sides, to-day every-
where is now heard the sullen note of

despair as it comes up from the deep-chested electric giants
harnessed to drive, now hitched to the great steamers ploughing
the rough main ; now to the locomotive flying over mountains and
across the plains, on paralell rails. In the printing house and
factory, in garrets and cellars we find him to-day bound down and
held tight in the wonderful grasp of this wonderful man, and his
still more wonderful dynamo.

To the marvellous push, the undaunted zeal, and never say fail
spirit, manifested by Edward Weston, and his confreres is Newark
indebted to-day for the wonderful developments and almost
miraculous growth of the electrical industries, taking rank as
they do, among the greatest and richest of her possessions. They
should be nurtured and treasured with a care akin to worship
itself; and to the men whose masterly skill and deep devotion to
science, who have succeeded in working out the electrical mystery
and have untangled skeins of this thread of such a rich resource,
a deep and lasting debt of gratitude is owed.

OLD SVSAGOGUK ON WASUINOTON STKEKT, WHKKF. I 111-
DYNAMO WAS MANUFACTLKEII.

Compared with other countries, the prospect held out to the
mechanic and workingman. in this is truly one of roseate hue, since
the laborer of to-day may be the overseer of to-morrow and the
employer of ne.xt day. The mechanician of this year may, from
the merit of his genius alone, be the capitalist of the ne.\t. These
facts are not without truthful demonstrations almost daily, at
the same time opportunities offering for him to play the same part
in the conduct of public affairs as the wealthiest citizen.

Edward Weston, the wizard-like genius, planing the
harness, forging the bands and arranging tlic
plans in the old Wasliington Street Syna-
gogue with more genius, inventions
and patents than dollars, struggling
on amid difficulties, discourage-
ments and dangers, for be it
nbser\'ed to be manipulating
lightning is not the safest
business in the world, is a
remarkable example of
the rapid changes which
occur in men's careers
especially so is this case,
brains are at the helm.
Among many otlier
beautiful things wliicli
Theodore Runynn,
New Jersey's illustri-
ous Ex-Chancellor said,
in his grand oration deliv-
ered at the opening of the
exhibition of Newark's
industries: " Newark was
prouder of her mechanics
than any of her natural or
acquired resources or advant-
ages." This terse and truthful say-
ing of this scholar with silver tongue
has sincefound actual demonstration
in the lasting regard of her people, for
the ^dignity of labor, and the high
esteem ^in which they are held in a
massive bronze statue erected in
Washington Park, by their munifici-
ence to the memory of Seth Boy den, the great mechanic — an
aproned monarch, indeed. No visitor to Newark should be per-
mitted to leave without having had an opportunity of inspecting
the institutions, where the wonderful mechanical devices are
made for controlling the mighty power known as electricity, as
well as the delicate and exact instruments for measuring its
strength and testing its power.

The old Synagogue on Wa.shington street holds the honor of
being the first factory in the United States for the manufacture
of dynamo electrical machinery. There much of the work done
in the developing of the electric light, both arc and incandescent,
was consummated.

The business was first carried. on as a co-partnership, by the
firm of Stevens, Roberts, Havell & Weston. The earliest work
was done in the direction of producing dynamo electrical
machines for electro-plating, and such was the success met with
that the machines for this purpose were sold in every part of the

NFAVARK, X. /., 1 l.LUSTRATED.

EDWARD WESTON.

civilized world. The introduction of the dynamo electrical
machine for electro-plating, electro-typing and similar classes of
work, revolutionized the art of depositing metals and effected an
immense annual saving in time and material, concomitant with
the work on these mach'nes for electro-plating and electro-typing.
Mr. Weston carried on his investigation on machines and appara-
tus for the electrical transmission of power and for electric light-
ing, and pursued the work with an ardor and earnestness which
seems almost incredible, and under circumstances which would
discourage most men. Not one of the men associated with
him had any confidence in the future of the great art which has
since sprung up from his and the few other earnest workers
engaged in the same line. The business men considered most of
his schemes chimerical, buthestuck to his work with a determina-
tion and persistence which was remarkable, and his confidence
has been abvindantly justified by the results.

One of the most serious difficulties met with in the early stages
of the work on dynamo machines was the great loss of energy in
the machine, andthegreatamount of heat caused by the loss. Mr.
Weston carefully studied all the sources of loss in machines, and
by introducing entirely new features, was able to reduce the loss
to an infinitesimal amount, and thus produce machines which
gave back nearly all the energy expended in driving them in
electrical energy for useful work. The types of machines known
before his time gave from twenty-five to fifty per cent, of the
energy in the useful work, the rest of the energy being wasted in
the production of injurious heating of the machine. Mr. Weston,
in 1873, changed all this and succeeded in budding machines
which gave eighty per cent, of the energy expended in driving
them, and by further investigations later on succeeded in raising
the efficiency until it reached ninety-seven per cent. But this
saving of energy was not the only result secured by his work.
The saving of energy meant the absence of serious heating of
the machines and consequently decreased liabilit)^ of injury to
the insulation, and also meant that vastly more mechanical energy
could be transformed into electrical energy by a machine of a
given size. In this way the cost of a machine for a given power
of conversion was greatly reduced. Without these advances it is
safe to say that the application of electricity to electric lighting,
power transmissions and the numerous uses could not have been
accomplished.

With the perfection of the dynamo machine its field of useful-
ness became immense, and Mr. Weston's time was spent largely

in opening it up. He attacked the problem of arc lighting from
various standpoints and invented and perfected numerous
devices for the production of arc lights, and for the measurement
of the current and the distribution of the same.

He was the first to make and use the copper coated carbon so
extensively employed in arc lighting, and was the first to master
the difficulties of making carbons, and it was in Newark that the
first successful carbon factory was established.

To make satisfactory carbons for arc lights was at first no easy
matter, and a vast amount of experimental work and thoughtful
study was needed before the difficulties were oveixome. Special
machinery had to be designed to grind and mix and mold the
material and a great deal of work had to be done to find the most
suitable material with which to bind the particles of carbon
together, and produce suitable sticks for use in the lamps. These
difficulties were all overcome and a vast industry has been
established in this line alone. The methods and machinery now
employed by the various large establishments in this country
engaged in the work of manufacturing carbons were first worked
out by Edward Weston.

In the transmission of power by electricity Mr. Weston was very
early engaged, and in the old Synagogue, machines for the purpose
could be seen delivering several horse powers as early as 1877,
with a degree of efficiency which has never been surpassed.

In the line of incandescent lighting Mr. Weston shares with
Edison and Swan the honors of much useful work. 1 le attacked the
problem long before Edison, and b)^ his process of treating carbons
b)^ electricity in the presence of hydro-carbon fluids, gases or
vapor, overcome one of the most serious obstacles to the perfec-
tion and introduction of the incandescent lamp, and by numerous
other inventions contributed m no small degree to the develop-
ment of these branches of electric lighting. The record of his
work in these, and numerous other fields is found in the archives
of the patent office at Washington, where is found standing to his
name nearly 400 patents for inventions.

PKIV.ME LAKliKA liiKV OK EDWARD WESTON, HIGH STREET.

NEWARK, X. _/., ILLUSTRATED,

In i?S6. he gave up his connection with the company control-
ling his inventions in electric lighting, electrical transmissions of
power, etc., and built a laboratory in the rear of his residence on
High street. Here, he began a series of researches and experi-
ments with the object of producing accurate, simple and thoroughly
permanent electrical measuring instruments for the use of practi-
cal electricians and scientists. In this field many of the most
eminent electricians of the world had been engaged, including
Sir William Thompson, now Lord Kelvin, Professors Ayrton and
Perry, but up to the time Edward Weston began his work, there
were no really satisfactory and trustworthy instruments to be
found such as were suitable to the needs of the practical elec-
trician, who, in his dailv work has occasion to make numerous

within their walls during which a tour of inspection was made
under the guidance of Mr. Weston himself. All through the
great establishment, from room to room he conducted us, keeping
a running fire of explanation and demonstrating the workings of
this marvellous machine, used in the work of manufacturing this
tool and that, to be used in turn at the formulation of meters of
such delicacy of power, as to be able to measure the gentlest
throb of electrical subtlety or the mighty power of the lightning's
flash. Now and then laughing the while at our demonstrating
our own novity, while striving to catch a glimpse of the hole so
small through the minature diamond, which scarcely permits the
passage of a ray of light and through which is drawn the ductile
copper, making a wire scarcely i-iooo of an incli in diameter to tind

1M,,\.\T OF TilK WICSTON- Kl.lvC TKICAL 1X.> TklMENT Co., Cok.SKK WILI.I.VM .\N1) SHIPll.W .STKKKTS.

measurements of the forces he is dealing with. Mr. Weston's
work in this field has resulted in the production of numerous
measuring instruments which are remarkable for the ease with
which they can be used and for their accuracy. In iSSS, a company
Avas organized for the manufacture of these various electrical
measuring instruments, and to-day these instruments are the
fecognized standards of the world, and are used in every civilized
land.

The company engaged in exploiting his inventions in this field
is known as the Weston Electrical Instrument Company, and its
shops are already the largest and finest equipped in the world.
These shops, where the electrical wizard himself may be found,
are situated on the south side of William street, near High,
and are worth a visit to all, and more especially to the scientifically
inclined. One of the red letter days of the writer's life was spent

its place in turn in the delicate spring answering to the electrical
touch and correctly measuring volts or indicating ami^eres. The
two more important departments of the great factory are those of
drawing and testing.

In the first, the ideas of Mr. Weston find their place on sheets
of drawing paper and here employment is given to six assistant
draughtsmen, and this year's work will amount to 2,000 sheets.
From here the idea or invention goes on from department to
department, till it becomes the perfected machine and has
reached the testing room and is tested, and if right, approved.
The institution, though young in years, requires nearly 200 expert
men and women for its conduct.

No hours can be more agreeably or profitably spent than in the
workshops and laboratories, where electrical instruments are
made and electrieitv is dealt with.

114

NEWARK. N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

The beautiful photos which grace these pages and which the Weston's w.irk is done, and his apron laid aside for the last time,

artist has so faithfully portrayed, will show, along with this short may the record of his mighty achievements be transferred to

resume of his inventions, life and work, what an integral part of imperishable bronze, and the statue to his memory take its place

Newark's electrical industries is the result of the genius and in the sight of generations to come. By the side of the statue

efforts of Edward Weston. erected to the memory of Seth Boyden, the mechanic, may stand

When the time comes (may it be long delayed) when Edward that of Edward Weston, the electrician.

INTERIOR VIE\V,S OK THE WESTOX ELECTRICAL IXSTRUMEXT CO.

L.\BOR-\TORY.

l'K-\L(.ll t INi_r L>t;p.\RTMEX'l .

' >. I

Si4iii..j^ ^cy^ -■ "'^ ' :■:■'-^s».|^.,„—

TooL DEP.\RT,MENT.

.ASSEMBLING DEP.\RT.\IENT.

M.VNLl- ACTUKI.N'G DEl'.ARTMEXT .

.MILLING DLl'.^KT.MEN 1 .

THE JEWELRY INDUSTRY.

KN search with infinite toil for the precious
stones and glittering gems which nature has
hid away in the cracks and crevices of the
rock and amid the sands of the far-away Afri-
can, South American or Gongoldian mines,
and when he has found the sparkling diamond,
<ffl the rich topaz, or emerald, and is rejoicing at
^ ^ his new-found treasures, he little knows or
f^^' ; >^^^ little cares where it will go, nor what manipula-
tions it must undergo, his ambition, as a rule,
stops with the ducats his find will put in his
purse, while the buyer must needs look up a
lapidary whose genius and skill will bring out the beauties and fit
it for the markets of the world. In its journeys from hand to
hand, from place to place, in search of the artist's skill, it in all
probability finds among the goldsmiths, jewelers and lapidaries
in the city of Newark artists to vie with any in the known world.
The virgin gold of the California mines, and the silver from Colo,
rado and Nevada, have their part to play, and as they pass the
deft fingers of the Newark jewelers such changes are wrought as
would startle and surprise the alchemist who labored for ages on
and on only to fail in the accomplishment of the one grand object
sought, viz. the conversion of the baser metals into rich and

shining gold. Had the great minds in the pa.st, which had the
alchemistic trend of thought which led them into dark crevices
and hidden recesses, but worked in the open daylight, following
such lines as our skilled artists, goldsmiths, silversmiths and
jewelers work on to-day, instead of failures and disappointment
marking their career they might have exclaimed " Eureka ! 1
have found it I " and been the originators ot such a grand indus-
try as would have shed a halo of lustre around their names and
established a fame lasting with time.

CAWTKK, SLOAN .•<: CO.

AMONG the nearly one hundred firms engaged in this jiopular
branch of industry, none has taken a higher stand or
watched its growth more closely than Carter, Sloan & Co., whicli
came into existence November i, 1S41, under the firm name of
Pennington, Carter & Dorenius, each individual name of which
having a fame co-existant with the rise and progress of Newark
to the high standing of her manufacturing greatness to-day.
Their factory was first established on Broad street, just below
Green, but very soon after Aaron Carter, Jr., bought out his
partners, a.ssociated others with him in the business, and removed

CARTER, SLOAX & CO., MULBERRY AND EAST PARK STREETS.

ii6

A'£n:i A'A'. N. J, ILLUSTRATED

MKLTING AND ROLLING UEFAKTMENl, UAV & LLAKK.

to a little factory on Green street near Broad. In consequence
of increasing business the more capacious building at the corner
of Park and Mulberry streets, was purchased, and in July, 1853,
the jewelry manufacturing establishment of the firm was moved
to these new and more commodious and convenient quarters.
The firm name at that time was Carter, Pierson & Hale. It is
not out of place in this connection to mention the interesting fact
that the power made use of by the firm at this time was derived
from the engine built by the illustrious mechanic and inventor,
Seth Boyden, which had been used in the machinery exhibit at
the World's Fair building, known as the old New York Crystal
Palace. In 1S73 the increasing demands of the firm's growing
business made it necessary to enlarge their factory, and exten-
sions were built on both Park and Durand streets, making the
building a square letter U, a speaking photo of which our artists
have transferred to these pages.

On January i, iSSi, the present firm name of Carter, Sloan &
Co. was adopted. They have one of the most complete plants for
the manufacture of gold jewelry in this country, which includes
all the improved devises in labor-saving machinery, enabling the
firm to employ, as they have for many years, more hands in the
manufacture of solid gold jewelry exclusively, than does any
other manufacturer in this country, England, France or German)',
as far as any record is attainable. At the present time there are
at least two men actively employed in the factory who came with
the original firm as apprentices over fifty years ago, when the
business was organized.

In this grand old factory have been trained many of the most

MAIN JEWELRY DEPARTHEN 1 , UAV .t CLARK.

successful jewelry manufacturers in Newark, as well as in many
other branches of business, who have from time given up their
positions to organize a business of their own.

The members of the firm as at present organized, are Aaron
Carter, Jr., of Orange, N. J.; Augustus K. Sloan, of Brooklyn.
N. Y.; Courtland E. Hastings, of New York City ; George R.
Howe, of East Orange, N. J.; William T. Carter, of Newark, and
William T. Gough, of New York City, while Aaron Carter, Jr.,
has remained the honored head of the firm during all the
changes of the fifty years now closing. He has taken no active
part in the business for the past twenty years.

DAY & CLARK.

THE really useful men of Newark are those who have lent a
helping hand in the development of its manufacturing
interests and aided in fostering those branches of trade for which
the city is now widely noted. In no branch of skilled industry
perhaps in the world, has more rapid advances beeti made than
in the jewelers' art, and the industrial pursuits of a kindred
nature. In former years, especially for the finer and more artistic
productions in these lines, the American people were compelled
to look to European countries for their jewelry supplies, but
to-day American jewelry as produced in Newark, stands unrivalled
in excellence of workmanship, beauty of design and cost of man-
ufacture, by the best goods made in foreign countries.

A prosperous, popular and thoroughly responsible firm devoted
to this important line of industrial pursuits in the city of Newark,
and well worthy of more than passing mention in these pages, is

'A\' .S; CLARK.

XEUAJiK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

that of Messrs. Day & Clark, manufacturing jewelers, located at
the southwest corner of Marshall and Halsey streets. The
business was established in the present century, and has
developed a large and influential trade with some of the leading
houses in this city and throughout the entire country. Their
products embrace everj-thing in the line of solid gold hairpins,
bracelets, brooches, necklaces, charms, chatelaines, lockets, collar
and cuff buttons, scarf and lace pins, studs, gold mountings for
diamonds and other rare and precious gems, etc. A specialty is
the manufacture of novelties of rare and unique designs in solid
gold, all of which are made by thoroughly skilled artistic work-
men and guaranteed to be as represented, while the prices are
very reasonable. The members of the firm are wide-awake,
enterprising and courteous Newark gentlemen, reliable, honorable

KREXIENTZ vS: CO,

AT TlIK South-west corner of Chestnut and Mulberry streets,
the firm of Krementz & Co., carry on their extensive jewel-
ery manufacturing business. They occupy the greater part of
the large four story brick buildings, having a frontage of 1S5 feet
on Chestnut and 55 feet on Mulberry street, also the rear
extensions. Our artist has given a faithful portrayal which has
been transferred to these pages.

The business was commenced in iS6ij, in a comparatively small
way by Messrs. George Krementz and J. A. Lebkuecher, and the
same parties with the able corps of assistants which they have
gathered about them still carry it on, and have enlarged it to its
]ircscnt proportions. Messrs. Krementz & Co., manufacture a

KREMENTZ & CO., COR.VER .MLI.HKRK V .\ND CII ESlXt T .STREETS.

and prompt in their dealings, and justly merit the success they
have achieved. A visitor to this great industrial centre could
not spend a few hours to better advantage than in taking a look
through this or some other representative jewelry manufacturing
establishment, under the special guidance of one of the polite
gentlemen of the proprietorship, any of whom would be glad at
any time when not otherwise specially engaged, to show them
the interesting parts of the business of manufacturing the
jewelry seen almost everywhere as filling the show cases and
safes of the retailers, or in wear by the thousands they meet
on the street or at social gatherings. The premises utilized
are spacious and commodious, comprising several depart-
ments, four of w-hich our artist has given faithfully a portrayal of
on these pages from photographs. They are admirably fitted up
with all the latest improved machinery and appliances for busi-
ness and manufacturing purposes.

large line of jewelery, [irincipally for ladies wear, and their pro-
ductions have attained a high reputation with the trade through-
out the country. One of the specialties manufactured by this
firm we shall not fail to mention, and that is the " Krementz one
piece collar button." the invention of Mr. Krementz, which has
become the standard collar button of the country, and which is
largely exported to Europe. As a mark of the progress in the
art, this button now made of a single piece of metal without seam
or joint w-as formerly made of several pieces soldered together,
any one at all acquainted with the manipulation of metal will
see at once the superiority of this button, the metal having suffered
nothing of the annealing effect of the soldering process of the old
method, with the consequent softening which must eventually
follow.

The business offices and salesrooms of this company are at 182
and 1S4 Broadway, corner of John street, New York city.

NEWARK, lY. /., ILLUSTRATED.

CHARLES SCHUEXZ eS: SON.

AS WE turn back the pages of Newark's industrial historj',
in our search after truth and data from which to formulate
matter which will not only be read with
interest, but will furnish such a regarnering
of facts as well, from which future search-
ers may draw as from a spring of sweet
waters, almost every page is found dotted
over with facts and figures in regard to those
interests w-hich have their foundations in the
manufacture of jewelry. As we have only
to do with those engaged on general lines
thereof, in this article, and at this time, it will
be our purpose to show how large a part this
industry has played in the upbuilding of
Newark's greatness, as a manufacturing and
business city, and what a bright prospective
it presents for its future. Calling the atten-
tion of the reader to the part being enacted
b)- Charles Schuetz & Son, among the man-
agers of the nearly one hundred establish-
ments, which are co-workers in this special
branch of industry, we open up a very inter-
esting and not unprofitable study. The plant
which has been gathered at No. 211 and 213
Mulberry street, will compare very favora-
bly indeed, with any other in the city of
Newark, selected and arranged for the manufacture of jewelry
in a great variety of styles, lines and patterns. As the growth
of the jewelry industry has been phenomenal for the past two
decades we may assuredly look during the present, for a continu-
ation just as great, and doubtless it will be greater still in the
next decade.

One fact in connection with the jewelry manufacturing industry
in the city of Newark is especially notable, and that is while there
is a pleasant rivalry among them, there is no perceptible attrition
or jealousy, and taking them together they are indeed one family
having one common interest, and in the continued growth and
enlargement of the jewelry manufacturing interests equally
interested and in a healthy onward and upward career for the
city wherein are the homes of their skilled workmen and in the
rapid growth thereof, for the happiness and prosperitv of

CHARLES SCHUETZ & SON, 211 & 213 MUL
KERRY STREET.

employee, as well as employer. The career of the firm of
Charles Schuetz & Son, now of No. 211 and 213 Mulberry street is
in brief.

Mr. Charles Schuetz, the senior member of the firm, was born
in Germany, from whence he came in 1851,
settling in this city and residing here ever
since.

Mr. Fred. A. Schuetz, the junior member,
is a native of this city, attending and gradu-
ating from the Green Street German and
English School and the Newark Academy.

The firm was established in 1S76, origin-
ally locating in Crawford street, from
whence removal was made in 1SS2, to the
present eligibly located premises embracing
two floors, each 30 x 100 feet in dimensions,
equipped with every convenience and facility
for the successful prosecution of the business.
Employment is given to a force of seventy-
five hands in the manufacture of every
description of fine gold jewelry, the establish-
ment having a deservedly high reputation for
the superior quality of its productions. Only
expert workmen are employed, and the
most careful supervision is maintained over
every detail of manufacture so as to secure
the highest grade of excellence.

The business has grown from its inception,
and the firm has deservedly commended itself to the favor and
confidence of the trade.

This is only another of the many examples which Newark
presents in this line of industrial pursuits, where thrift follows
close on the footsteps of a watchful care of the minutest detail of
a great business. A visit to the factory of Charles Schuetz &
Son would convince the most exacting, after a moment's con-
templation of the methods pursued, that the firm not only know
how do business, but at the same time do it, in a way that is
strict, but pleasing. When the roll of business success in this
field where, if the term may be used, such a wonderful conglom-
eration of industries exist the name of Schuetz will be found
written well up towards the head. Another proof in demonstra-
tion of the fact, that success follows fast where brain and brawn
join hands in the race for the victors palm.

CH.\RLES SCHUETZ.

FREDERICK A. .SCHUETZ.

X Ell' ARK, X. /., I l.Ll'SrRArED.

The W. C. Edge Co.

HE artist who made the photo

subject, as any one will see at a
glance, as he turns the pages of
Newark Ii.i.istratei>, and stops
for a moment to study the finished
picture as the engraver has so
nicely and so expressively made its
transference to the plates used in
printing it here. Few plates pre-
sented surpass this, which is in-
deed, an elegant representative
figure of the original. In these
buildings are arranged the plant
of the jewelry manufacturing
industry conducted by The \V. C.
Kdge Co., of which Mr. William
M. Clark is president. Mr. Charles
Edge, vice-president, Mr. W. C.
Edge, treasurer, and Mr. Walter
Edge, secretary. While it is say-
ing nothing in derogation of the
hundreds of artists, inventors and
mechanicians whose wonderful
mastery of the mechanics' arts,
it is due that more than a passing
notice should be given in this arti-
cle to Mr. William C. Edge, who
has won not only a lasting fame
for himself, but has done so much,
and perhaps more in the la.^t
decade toward the upbuilding of
Newark's industrial greatness
than manv men, who are more

pretentious, engaged in like pursuits. Not unlike the great
majority of our great inventors, mechanics and artists, it
hasn't been all smooth .sailing with the subject in hand. The
ups and downs in his life have not been a few. In smoky
London where he was born, he learned the jewelrj- trade with
his father, and later was employed by several large jewelry
firms in that great leading city of the old world's indu>tries.
In 1865 Mr. Edge came to America, where better opportuni-

WILLIAM C. EriGE.

ties offered for the pursuit of his calling. He first obtained employ
ment of Chatelin & Spence, of New York, where he introduced what
is now called satin finish. After a short period he came to Newark
and entered the employ of Durand & Co., where he remained for
several years, becoming acquainted with the new world methods.
After this he started business for himself and on his own account
supplying the large New York dealers. This had not been going on
long when, through the machinations of a gentleman who had
worked himself into Mr. Edge's good graces, becoming his partner,
proving false, and finally compelling him to return to the bench.
After working at the establishment of Miller Bros., where he intro-
iluced the method of turning over the edge of pins ear-rings, etc.,
now so common in collar buttons, he commenced business again,
and later joined hands with Smiley & Dorrance. This firm after-
ward became known as W. C. Edge & Sons, but lately was incorpor-
ated under the New Jersey State laws as The W. C. Edge Company.
This company is known and patronized throughout the United
States as well as abroad, and are manufacturing goods under the
protection of the patented inventions of W. C. Edge, but now the
company's property. Woven wire fabrics of 14 carats fine, are a
principal feature of their industry-. They also show a handsome line
of other work in pure gold. This wire.is also used in various weaves
for saddlery hardware, upholstery work, fancy ornaments, dog
collars, etc., etc. The latest inventions are " Edge's Excelsior Rein
Holder," and patent "Aluminum Horse Shoe," which are a -success.
Being one of those undaunted spirits who never say fail amid the
most 'trying ordeals, he kept working, and while others of his
associates were spending their time where pleasure rules the hour,
he was engaged in the more profitable employment of delving deep
after hidden mysteries and unravelling the skein of the mysterious,
around which are gathered so much of that undiscovered in the
realm of science and art. Not so much was the searching of his
busy mind engaged in the work of discovering new principles, but
in the work of applying old ones in new ways.

NEWARK. A\ /, ILLUSTRATED.

DESIGNED BV EASTWOOD S: PARK, MANUFACTURING JEWELERS, MARSHALL ANIJ CKAWFOKL) STREETS.

QEORGE A. SCHELLER. EASTWOOD & PARK.

IN A town in which the manufacturei- of jewelry is on a
phenomenal scale and has great weight in determining the
general activity, it would be the natural inference that there
should be found individual experts in the business, men who have
all the technique of the various branches of the jewelers' art at
their fingers ends, and who can and do outclass the then wonder-
ful workers of olden days. An example of such a one is found
in Mr. George A. Scheller, of 290 Market street, near Pennsyl-
vania railroad depot. Mr. Scheller is one of those rare men, who
can take the raw material and make a watch from beginning to
end ; artistic worker in chains and rings, in setting of diamonds
and other precious stones, and in solid gold and silver work.
With the accomplishments of the thorough artisan, Mr. Scheller

combines the taste of the artist,
and is withal a scientifician in
the matter of time, so that he
has become to Newark its
se.xtant and chronometer.

Naturally he is highly
regarded in both industrial and
social circles, and his highest
testimonial is his success.
His handiwork is all
over the city, and
many a watch that
guides the move-
m e n t s of million-
aires, business men
o r mechanics
c o m e s to hi m
when occasion
demands for his
professional
scrutiny. Mr.
Scheller makes a
specialty of Ameri-
can watches, and car-
ries a fine line of jewelry.
He is authority on diamonds
and other precious stones.

IT IS noteworthy to record the advances made by young and
enterprising firms engaged in business pursuits, which, by
their incessant and ever-ready efforts, have made their calling a
success. One young firm who creditably represents the jewelry
trade by their enterprise, is that of Messrs. Eastwood & Park,
whose elegant design is herewith given. The works, situated
corner Washington and Crawford streets, are tastefully fitted up
with the necessary machinery, appliances, tools, etc The
unrivaled and beautiful designs manufactured at their works have
made the firm popular and have brought to them a notable line
of customers.

BIPPART & CO.

(}EORGE A,

SCHELLER.

AMONG the prominent firms who have won honor and distinc-
tion in the jewelry trade may be mentioned that of Bippart
& Co., whose beautiful design forms the illustration on the opposite
page. The works, on
the corner of Mar.shal
and Halsey streets,
established in 1SS5,
are admirably equip-
ped with every con-
venience and improve-
ment known to the
jewelers' t r a d e. A
large number of
skilled artists and
mechanics are con-
stantly employed i n
designing and manu-
facturing the elegant
and useful novelties
in gold and diamond
jewelry for which the
firm of Bippart & Co.
is so well and exten-
sively known through-
out the leading cities
of the United States
and Canada. suoi' and salesroom of george a. scheller.

NEWARK, iX. /, ILLUSTRATED

121

DESIGN- OF KIPPAkT & CO., MANVFACTCRIXG JEWELERS, MARSHALL AND HALSEY STREETS.

NEWARK, N. J., ILLUSTRATED.

THE ESSEX WATCH CASE CO.

THERE are perhaps no articles of American manufacture in
which there has been a greater reduction in the cost, than
that of watches and watch cases.

But a few years since a gentleman's gold watch, of fairly good
quality would cost not less than Sioo, and at the present time a
fine article can be purchased for half that amount, and even less.
This change is brought about, not only by the decrease in the
cost of manufacturing by improvements in machinery, but also
by the improved methods of construction. Especially is this
noticeable in the manufacturing of watch cases.

The old method of making a gold watch case of sufficient
strength to retain its shape, and withstand the wear and tear
required of it, must have a large percentage of precious metal
stored away out of sight beneath the surfaces, where it is of no
manner of use, except for the additional strength imparted by its
presence ; or, on the other hand, if the metal is not placed there,
the result is a weak, flimsy shell of a covering to the movement
that is soon bent out of shape, admitting dust and dirt which
soon ruins the watch.

The Essex Watch Case Co. was organized in the fall of iSS6.
with the following officers : George Courvosier, president ;
Timothy Scales, secretary ; James H. Fleming, treasurer and
general manager, and in March, iSSg, the entire business was
purchased from the original stockholders by a syndicate consisting
of T. B. Hagstoz, F. A. Lovecraft, J. E. McDonald and S. E. Rork,
who at the present time occupy the respective offices as above,
Mr. Alexander Milne being one of the principal stockholders and
promoters of the enterprise. This concern is the pioneer of this
industry in Newark, and is now manufacturing watch cases which
are marvels of beauty, strength and economy.

The first of these three great features in the class of articles
produced, is arrived at by superior workmanship, and the second
by constructing watch case parts, consisting of three separate
and distinct plates of metal as follows ; On the outside a heavy
plate of solid 14-kt. gold of sutficient thickness to allow of being
engraved or carved, and to withstand the wear for the length of
time of the average life of man ; this is backed up by a second
plate of hard, rich composition metal to give it strength, which is
covered with a third plate of solid 14-kt. gold to prevent oxydiza-
tion ; thus forming by the union of the three parts one homogen-
eous plate of metal out of which the watch cases are constructed.
These cases are known as gold filled or stiffened. Watch
cases produced in this manner are far superior to the solid gold,
except in instrinic value, on account of their great durability.

The popularity of these goods is such, on account of their
great strength, that the thin flimsy unserviceable solid gold cases
have been forced from the market ; and being as handsome as
the solid gold and costing very little more than silver cases, the
latter are rapidly being replaced by them.

These watch cases are made in plain polished, satin finished,
engine-turned, chased or engraved, raised colored gold orna-
ments, enameled and stone or diamond set, in fact every style in
which solid gold cases are made.

The unprecedented growth of the Essex Watch Case Co. is the
best evidence of the great merit in the goods produced by them.
Having commenced business on the third floor of the Barrett-
Brown building, corner N. J. R. R. avenue and Hamilton street,
in September 1S86, with about a dozen hands, has steadily grown
until in January, iSgo, they were compelled to move to the large
new building, Nos. 47, 49, 51 Chestnut street, where are now
employed over 100 hands, and considerably over 100 cases are
produced each working day, and before the end of 1893, will have
manufactured over ico.ooo cases.

AEllARK, N. /,, ILLUSTRATED.

THE CKEtSCEXr W.ATCH CA.SE CO.

AMONG the industries carried on in the city of Newark that
conducted by the Crescent Watch Case Company is worthy
of special mention. A visit to the great buildings, a very striking
photo engraving of which may be seen on this Jiage, where this
essentially new branch of her industrial pursuits are carried on in
Newark, fills the visitor with the conviction that the end of her
industrial progress is not yet, and that the trend which set in
years ago still continues Newarkward, as one after another of the
teeming manufacturing industries of the country find their way
hither, so much nearer di>es the mf)dest city on the Passaic become
the manufacturing centre of the Western continent. It is enough
to say, that the goods manufactured by the Crescent Company

great buildings in which it is housed are situate on North Thir-
teenth street and the Montclair branch of the D. L. &: W. Railroad,
between Fifth and Sixth avenues. The readiness with which the
railroad granted the Crescent company a siding of more than a
quarter of a mile, in order to give them the absolutely necessary
freighting facilities, proves very conclusively that the managers
of the railroad know a good thing when they see it.

Situate on the high grounds of the northerly section of Newark,
known as Roseville, the watch case factory of the Crescent com-
pany is picturesque indeed, and clearly shows just what it is,
the most extensive of its kind in this country, if not in the world.
This industry was started in 1SS2, as the Chicago Watch Case
Company. In 1SS5 they removed to Brooklyn and became the
Crescent. In i^'ii the plant, machinery, etc., was transferred to

-"J^-

oP'»

''[i.LL^

•> 1 — 1

(f'

''«

tt(

-*l

t^l

il'-^'

CRESCENT \V.\TCH C.\SE COMPANY. (•=,

have a reputation for purity and excellence unexcelled. With one
of the best plants for the business in the world, with all the latest
improved labor-saving machinery and mechanical devices for
doing the work in the best possible manner, and with a large
corps of skilled artists selected after severe and critical trial, it
is little wonder that such a desirable success is attained.

Among the many industries carried on in Newark, there are few
indeed, where the inventifms of the genius of her mechanics has a
better display of results than can be seen in the manufacturing
of watch cases at the Crescent. The rapid growth of their busi-
ness has few precedents, and they now meet the markets of the
world in the great variety of cases they present, and their ready
sale is an unrefutable evidence of their merit. No citizen having
the material interests of Newark in view, and the casual visitor as
well, should fail to take a long look at the elegant plant of the
Crescent in which is carried on the watch case industrv. The

NORTH THIRTEENTH .STRKET.

Newark and incorporated, with Walter H. Fitzgerald, as president ;
Irving Smith, vice-president ; A. M. Crommelin, treasurer ; C. L.
B. Crommelin, secretary, and August lleucke, superintendent.

The richness, strength, durability and beauty of style and
finish of the watch cases which this establishment turns out, are
marvels among the marvelous. A firm and unalterable determi-
nation from the start to use nothing but the best and purest
among materials, to employ artists of the highest order and
workmen of skill and character, they have bxiilt upon a founda-
tion that knows no shaking, an industry of grandeur and
promise, and which stands forth in its beautiful proportions a
model for the world. The product of the Crescent, with the
capacity of a thousand skilled operators, reaches into the millions
of gold filled and solid silver watch cases of an endless variety of
styles and patterns. The watch words of the Crescent are reflected
from every watch case turned out in their purity and beauty.

124

NRWAliK, y. /., ILLUSTRATED.

THON^AS BENFIELK).

AS acomniunity we are distinctly a practical, common-sense
and productive people, and our efforts are devoted almost
wholly to manufacturing a wide and varied assortment of articles
of utility and luxury, and forwarding many of them to distant
climes and countries. Goods of Newark manufacture may be
foimd in all the great markets of the world, and in these peaceful
pursuits many men have not only reached affluence, but have
also achieved a world-wide reputation through the excellence of
the wares they have produced.

Of this latter class none are more worthy of mention than Mr.
Thomas Benfield, of Woodside, an excellent likeness of whose
model factory is presented on this page. In some respects this is

only for the class of work done, but also for the comfort and well
being of the employees, which has been made a special feature.
Mr. Benfield very sensibly believes that if an employer provides
reasonable, cleanly pleasures for his hands and a comfortable
place in which to enjoy them, it is not likely that they will
squander their money in saloons, but in a majority of cases will
become respectable and good citizens, and acting upon that belief
this liberal and kindly employer has placed in his factory for the
use of his men, reading rooms, billiard and pool rooms, and other
social pleasures, with which to cultivate their minds or pass,
their leisure moments pleasantly.

In spite of his kindly heart and his efforts to better the condition
of those whom he employs, Mr. Benfield is a shrewd and far-
sighted business man, as is amply proved by his successful and

PLANT OF THOMAS BENFIELD, .SUMMER AVENUE.

without exception the finest factory building in this, a city of
factories. Its dimensions are 165x135 feet. It is in its interior
plan and fittings that its owner has displayed that intelligence and
taste that make it a model building, and one for manufacturers
who intend erecting factories and workshops to pattern after. It
is located at the corner of Summer avenue and Halleck street, in
that portion of the city known as Woodside, and is a handsome
and striking brick structure three stories in height and was
erected at a cost of between sixty and sixty-five thousand dollars.
It stands upon a site, the dimensions of which are 200 x 300 feet,
and it will thus be readily seen that if at any time more room is
required, and it is probable that that point will be reached in the
near future, there is ample land upon which to add extensions or
erect additional buildings.

In every respect it is most thoroughly equipped and fitted, not

enviable business career. He began the manufacture of watch
cases in 1SS2, at the corner of Gold and Beekman streets. New
York city, as a member of the firm of Benfield & Tissot, and the
business prospered from the beginning. Four years later the
firm removed to the corner of Barclay and Washington streets.
New York, and still it grew. In iSSS Mr. Benfield purchased Mr.
Tissot's interest, and in July, 1S90, he began the erection of the
splendid factory shown in the accompanying illustration. In
addition to the business of manufacturing watch cases, Mr,
Benfield is a large stockholder in the Wymble Manufacturing
Company, silversmiths, whose work is very superior, and whose
goods have a world-wide reputation, and also in the Benfield &
Milne Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of enameled
letters and signs. All of these industries are housed in buildings
shown in cut.

-V£II.IA'A', .V. /., ILLUSTRATED.

CHARLES KOBS.

AMONt; the vast number of peculiar manufactures which
characterize industrial Newark, none can claim more deser\'ed
attention than the making of solid hollow gold, silver, copper,
brass and composition wire. It has a deep interest for the
student of precious metal working, and it was in Newark that the
art attained its highest development. Twenty-five years ago Mr-
Charles Nobs was devoting his attention to it, and his was the
pioneer plant in this business. Now the product of the establish-
ment which that gentleman and his two sons have built up, at
Nos. 6i and 63 Mulberry street, and No. 24 Boudinot street, is
famous wherever there is a manufacturing jeweler. It is a
wonderful business, this working up of precious metals for
utilitarian purposes, and some of the re.sults are incredible to

ments follow in rapid succession, and rich new products are
presented as the cycles of time move on.

The manufactory is very complete in detail of equipment. The
large slide valve engine which operates the machinery, was built
by Hughes & Phillips, also of Newark. The machinery for wire
making and bringing other material to perfection, is profuse and
varied. The expert operators of the machines are of both sexes,
a battalion of the best class of workers to be found in any branch
of industry, and the highest commendation of their skill is the
excellent repute in which their handiwork is held. Every consid-
eration in the conduct of the concern gives way to the essential
point of quality. This is not only the desideratum, but the
absolute demand.

CHARLES NOBS, MULBERRY AND BOUDINOT STREETS.

one not thoroughly informed. To say thit a tiny block of gold
may be drawn out to a thread fine as the fibre of a silk-worm, so
fine as to be almost indistinguishable to the unaided eye, seems
like an appeal to the credulous, but it is done every day at this
establishment and not considered extraordinary. And this is but
one of many curious examples in gold and silver wire-making for
which the concern is noted. To achieve this and other peculiar-
ities of the manufacture of gold and silver wire, demanded a
knowledge of metallurgy, an insight into mechanical i>rinciples,
and a keen brain to devise the intricate machinery, upon which
successful results depend, is not the work of a day nor a decade.
It was the outcome of deep, patient, well-directed thought, and a
capacity for discovering the correct means to reach a desired end.
It IS the story of every brainy craftsman who, knowing what is
wanted, with clear head and dogged determination, sets himself
about the act of solving the problem. Thus it is that improve-

While the manufacture of solid hollow gold and silver wire is a
prominent feature of the establishment, the principal products
of the factory consists of watch case materials used by watch case
makers such as crowns, pendants, bows, joint case pins, watch
case springs, antique crowns and antique pendants. With these,
as with all else that the factory makes, reputation depends
on worth. It is a reputation honorably won, deservedly
held, and bej'ond peradventure, lo be maintained as long as
the establishment is under the control of the brains and energy
that made it.

The beautiful photos which illustrate the plant where the
industry of this enterprising company is carried on, give a
speaking representation of the external, and somewhat of the
internal appearance of the factories where they turn out their
rich products for the markets of the world and the delectation of
the admirers of the beautiful, everywhere.

126

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

Newaki-c Watch
Case Material

COMPANV.

IN CALLING attention to
the industrial pursuits
which are carried on in the city
of Newarli, the upgrowth of
which in manufacturing great-
ness has left her with few peers,
when the extent of her territory
and population are considered.
With a little more than 2co,ooo
people within her bounds, she
outstrips all competitors with
the exception of the two great
commercial cities, New York
and Philadelphia, which have
more than a million each, and
in the special branch which is
now under consideration, she
leaves even these big sister
cities out of sight in the race.
Indeed, all the watch case
material manufactured on this
Western Continent is made in
the factories of Newark.

The stem winding apparatus
which takes the place of the
old obsolete key in every
American made watch, is
turned out of Newark factories.
It is not surprising that New-
ark should hold the industry
of watch case material manu-
facturing, when she has in the

VORKS (IF THE NEWARK W.\TCH CASE MATERIAL CO, WARD AND MECHANIC STREETS.

ALEXANDER MILNE, PRESIDENT.

thousands of her happy homes the skilled artisans domiciled so
necessary to run the machinery, and whose skillful hands handle
the tools. It is passing strange too, that the writer should have
the opportunity of recording the fact, that almost the entire
product of the watch case material is used up, on this side of
the ocean, and that the factories engaged in this work are
concentrated within the corporation limits of the city of
Newark, and it naturally follows, and as a matter of course
becomes very much of an item, in the grand integral part of the
whole of her manufacturing greatness.

Considering its late introduction, as it seems but yesterday
when it was first introduced, and then on so small a scale, it
appears that the influence of magic might assuredly have been at
work.

While the output of this great industrial establishment is con-
sumed very largely right here at home, each one of the many
necessary little articles having some absolute qualification
for meeting certain ends, in the successful conduct of the sister
industry of watch case making. Yet other centers of industr)- are
not averse to purchasing the surplus from Newark's watch case
material manufacturers, which carries with it in the trade mark it
bears, the very highest qualities of perfection.

The beautiful illustration showing the goods manufactured by
this firm, as is easily seen in the line of a division of labor and
specialties. With the growth of the watch-making industry of
the United States, and more especially the stem-winding watch,
it became absolutely necessary that there should be a special
business, having for its purpose the furnishing of the stem-
winding attachment to those engaged in the manufacture of
watch cases. Prior to 1S74, when this company commenced to

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

127

manufacture these
articles, they were all
imported direct from
the Swiss manufac-
turers, as all stem-
winding watches were
made in that countrj'.
The president,
Alexander Milne, of
this company, being a
jeweler, and \v i d e-
awake and alert, saw
the opportunity to
start the business
here. His first move
was to associate him-
self with a Swiss who
had some practical
experience in the
watch-case line. The
necessary tools and
costly machinery
which were indispen-
sable adjuncts, were
soon collected, and it
was not very long be-
fore the case-makers
were purchasing their
stem-winding crowns
and other necessary
material right here
at home. There was

no more going abroad, for the progressive spirit of a thorough-
going Newark mechanic had made it unnecessary- through his
genius applied. Although the beginnings were small, less than
a half dozen men being employed, yet the growth of the indus-
try has been phenomenal, and the company now have in their
emplf)y nearly one hundred men.

S. RICH.\KI>SON, TKF.ASLREK.

UESICNS OF TIIK NKW.XKK W.\TCII-CASE CO.MI'AXV.

In the person of \V. S. Richardson, the treasurer of the
company. President Milne has a helpmeet indeed, his clear,
keen eye takes in at a glance every move of man or machine,
and his excellent judgment gives warrant of successful manage-
ment and the best of results. It is plainly due to the efforts of
this company, and especially of President Milne and Treasurer
Richardson that Newark has become the centre of the watch-case
manufacturing industry of America. Por years they have persist-
ently championed the cause.

No claim is made that the beautiful photo engravings of this
company which adorn these pages is placed there for advertising
purposes, but only that the public may be made to fully under-
stand the variety and scope of the work done by this companv.
They also have invented and are now manufacturing an article
called " The Aja.\ Watch Protector." desli^iuvl to prMtect watcbes
from magnet- /^»^

ism, and also
from the daily
wear and tear

caused by fric- W//l J)/

tion in the :J7^ Um

pocket. They
have been
obliged to insti-
tute se ver ;i
lawsuits to pr^
tect their intc:
ests. BecaujM.-
of the popular-
ity of the article
it has been in-
fringed upon,
and an inferior
imitation palm-
ed off on the
too credulous
public.

AJAX WATCM I i

NEWARK, X. J.. ILLUSTRATED.

CROWN DEPAkTHKNT, HENRY G. LEFORT.

looL [itlAK IMt.N 1, UKNRV G. LEKORT.

H. G. LEFORT.

IN NO city of the United States (and few in any other part of the
world) IS the industry of watch case material manufacturing
carried on except in Newark. This industry in former years had
its home in Switzerland, away over the waters of the great seas
among the might}- Alps on Alps, where liberty was born. Indeed,
it was not till within the last few decades that the Western world
felt the full impulse of ihe mighty throb which sent the manu-
facturing of watches, watch cases, and all the materials necessary
in the outfitting of a lady or gentleman with an elegant watch, to
the shores of America. And what more natural, where the
business of making the fine wheels, the nimble spring, the delicate
pointers and beautiful dials, and finall)- or last, though not least,
the manufacture of the cases of unapproachable beauty to enclose
the "works" in, came to America, and came to stay, that the sister
industry of the making of watch case materials, a branch so
eminently necessary to put the finishing touches on, should

HENRV G, l.EKORT.

gradually lose its attachment to the home of its parents and come
to America too. It is not sc long ago but what many, now in the
full vigor of life and active yet in business, can remember when
the stem-winding watch attachment was born, and it is safe to
say that if the great industrial city of Newark was not the place
wherein it was born, it had its christening here, and soon it
became an industry of such promise, under the careful handling
of the deft fingers of Newark makers, that the man, woman or
child who carried a watch must needs have one that had this
superb attachment originall)-, or which had been transformed into
a " stem winder," and it must be Newark-made at that.

The business was initiated by Mr. Henry Lefort, in 1872, who
associated with him two other gentlemen, under the firm name of
Lefort, Milne & Jourdan. This was but shortly after the event of
the introduction into the best watch society of the stem-winding
apparatus, and its coming into general use. The compan\- began
business in a small waj-, as the demand was limited. It was a
young industry and it required rather more than the average
amount of business courage to start it, and acumen to conduct it
successfully. It had its tutelage away up on the top floor at the
corner of Columbia and Elm streets, in a room about thirty feet
wide by sixty long. The j-oung industry was in the right hands.
The skill to manufacture, and the brains to present the goods
made a combination which was sure to win, and soon the demand
for the excellent goods made became so general that more goods
and greater facilities for their manufacture was the pressing need.
To meet these necessities the firm packed up their machinery and
tools and marched them away to the "Coe" building, on Marshal
street. In 1S76 the firm dissolved, and Mr. Lefort and his son,
the present proprietor, who had gained an insight into the busi-
ness, contintied to carry on the establishment. So rapidlj- did the
business develop under the excellent reputation their products
were gaining wherever watches were made, they were forced to
move again, and into still more commodious and advantageous
quarters, which were found in the three-story brick building, at
60 and 62 Arlington street. Here successes followed in rapid
succession until 1890, when Mr. H. G. Lefort purchased the
machinery, tools and good will from his father and removed to
the present admirably fitted quarters 78 to 80 Mechanic street.
Here Mr. H. G. Lefort, the proprietor and manager, who had
thoroughly mastered the business m all its details, turns out an
elegant class of thoroughly artistic goods in the line of watch
case materials and kindred articles, and controls a large share of
the very best trade.

The reader's attention is here called to the beautful half-tone
photo-engravings of very striking interior views, which show
all that IS possible to bring out of the amount of machinery and
tools it requires, and the number of people necessary to ha"ndle
them in the work of making watch case materials and products of
a kindred nature.

NEU'ARf:. y. /.. J /.LUSTRA TED.

129

The Irvinotom Smeltino and Refinino
Works.

DEEP down in mother earth are the vaults of nature where she
carries on her alchemistic works with might and main,
turning out the beautiful virgin gold, bearing no stamp of a
burthensome or detractive alloy and hiding it away in the rock's
deep cre\-ice, thus forging a bright link in her great endless bind-
ing chain. Not unlike the workshops of men which seek aggre-
gation, hard-by the weaker sister, shimmering silver, is poured
from crucibles heat with volcanic tire, to percolate in its most
insinuating way, down deep among earth's foundation boulders
of granite or gypsum. So hand in hand these precious metals
wait, becoming more ductile and immeasurably deep refined till
some accidental spark reaches the magazine, where nature has
stored her compressed gases and, where explosives are refined,
when through cavern's deep and dark roll sounds mightier by far
than the deep mouthed thunder, or aught else which can com-
pare with this earthquake or volcanic roar. Seeking a mighty
expanse wherein to vent its despairing wrath the foundation
rocks are ruthlessly torn, and gathering with mighty sweep the
melted fragments and with the output of years. Ixjrn from broken
crucibles and
torn furnaces,
the diamond
stone, and the
precious metals,
sending them
with one con-
vulsive effort
surf ace ward.
Away up and
up and on and
on through the
outlet chim-
neys and ven-
tive flues, na-
ture sends forth
the gold to seek
the waters of
some babbling
brook to cool its
burning, by the
fire that is not
consuming, de-
posi ti n g it
where men who

are seekers may find. The silver too, for a lower state inclined
lingers by the way, and forgetful of the influence that was hurry-
ing it on, stops and nestles in crevices of the deep, dark, rocky
mine, creeping into "pockets" of granite, where the ferret-like
mercury fearless of the granite mills sullen grinding, grapples it
in amalgam. Just how the skilled chemist of nature organizes
and handles the wee bits, which we call the precious stones, the
rarest of which is the diamond, which the wizards among men
have decided is naught but pure carbon, we wot not ; but this is
vouched to us that with ag^eat deal of searching in the far away
South American, African or Gtmcoldian mines men find them.
But few in number, and yet fewer are the humans which have
enough of the precious, of the gold or silver to buy them.

That no small share of the wealth of the nations lies hidden in
the dust beneath our feet is being demonstrated daily. In this
statement, of course, reference is had to one great elementary, or
rather foundation article, which has time and again been in the
hands of the people and by the force of circumstances, or through
manipulations, scientific, or otherwise, returned to the dust from
whence it came, in the mediums presented in the old oaken, pine,
red wood, spruce, or hemlock floors, quietly and uncomplain-
ingly beanng their burden, but growing rich all the same, as the
weight of years grows heavier and heavier by the lapse of time,

and under the tread of many busy feet, forcing its shining grains
close down for keeping company with the lost which may be
found again. Where in the manipulations of the precious metals in
the manufacture of jewelrj-, watches, etc., quite a large percent-
age escapes by accident in various ways and in carelessness of
handling, and finds its way into the dust heaps where it is carried
with the sweepings, the floors, of course, clinging to its share with
great tenacity as now and then a sequel proves. In great jewelry
and other establishments where more or less milling is carried on,
notwithstanding the great care exercised in sweeping up refuse
and floor dust, much often remains in crack and crevice and
beneath the innocent looking hemlock sliver. Men of genius for
years sought out plans for the recovery of the precious stuft',
finally success crowned the efforts and to-day the industry of
smelting and refining is a leading one. In the beautiful illus-
tration on this page is presented a photographic view of the
great industrial establishment of tilorieux & Woolsey, in which
is carried on the business of smelting and refining. These works
are situate near the prosperous suburban village of Irvington, and
are peerless in elegance of construction and convenience.

This company which is one of the leaders in this branch of
industry have their offices at 912 Broad street. The exceedingly

happy results
of one of their
latest business
transactions
and successful
operations has
given them a
wonderful busi-
ness promin-
ence, that
largely supple-
mented their
already envia-
ble reputation
for perspicuity,
honesty and
trustfulness
among the
j e w e 1 e rs and
business men
of the country.
The works of
this company
being among
the largest and
best appointed of any in the United States, giving them facilities
which few in the business could control and, having demonstrated
a superior excellency of method in the conduct of their business,
when the great watch case concern of Robins & Appleton decided
to confine their industry to the manufacture of watch movements
solely, the contract (which proved a monster one) of tearing down
the old buildings in New York city, in which they had carried on
the business of watch case making for many years, under the
title of the American Waltham Watch Case Company was
awarded to them. The whole thing was brought to their factories
in Newark, where they burned, smelted and refined the same.
The wonderful success which resulted having been the great
newspaper theme and talk of the people for months, it was con-
sidered worthy of introduction here since they paid to the Ameri-
can Waltham Company, out of the proceeds a nugget of pure
gold worth S66.o<x>, a truly handsome amount of the precious yel-
low dust to be found hidden away in the wonderful pile of rich
debris from an old dilapidated, used up (apparently) worthless,
good for nothing, lot of factory buildings. This is only another proof
of the fact that these gentlemen have the genuine stamp of the
true American spirit. Besides being successful business men and
conductors of one of Newark's greatest industries, they have time
to take part in public affairs, with credit to their constituency.

PLANT OF CLORIEUX 4 WOOLiEV, IRVIXTO.V, S. J.

130

NEWARK. X /., ILLUSTRATED.

THE REFININO OR PLATINLJM.

THE city of Newark can claim the distinction of being the only
city on this continent where this industry is carried on.
Platinum, while not as -well known as many other of the metals,
occupies a very important position in the arts and sciences ; in
fact, many chemical operations could not be carried on and many
delicate electrical appliances could not be manufactured without
it. The increased demand for this metal has probably marked
the advance of civilization fully as much as any other metal. The
Ural Mountains furnish about So per cent, of the crude product
of the world. It is shipped direct from the mines to Baker &
Company, of this city, who are the only refiners of that product
on this continent. The refining process includes not only the

tation, and so on. It is one of the most malleable and probabljr
the most ductile metal known, as it is possible to draw a naked
wire down to one thousandth of an inch in diameter. The use to
which this wire is put is usually for fuses in dynamite cartridges,
and by a little different process of drawing, a wire very much
finer can be obtained, known as spiderweb wire, which is used as
the cross lines in the theodolite, and also for the meridians in the
telescope. Platinum sponge, as is well known, possesses the
peculiar property of uniting oxygen and hydrogen gas, and this
property has been put to some practical use in the construction
of electric cigar lighters, etc.

The space is too limited here, nor is it desirable to enter upon

PLANT OF BAKER & CO., PLATINUM REFINERS, 408-414 N. J. R. R. AVENUE.

separati<m of the platinum, but also of the iridium, osmium,
ruthemium, rhodium, palladium, etc. It may be added that it is
always found alloyed with gold and iron. The principal use for
iridium is the pointing of gold pens, it being very hard, thereb)'
withstanding abrasion, with little or no perceptible wear. Iridium
is also used for alloying platinum, as it renders that metal
extremely hard, thus permitting it to be used for purposes that
pure platinum could not be used for. Platinum is consumed very
largely by incandescent lamp-makers, manufacturing chemists,
artificial tooth-makers, laboratories, schools, colleges, etc. Its
high point of fusion renders it indispensable for various forms of
analytical work, and its insolubility makes it of great value to the
chemists for concentrating sulphuric acid, and for many other
purposes. In fact, without this metal, it would be impossible to
make many of the chemical determinations that are now so
important to this branch of the science. It is also very useful to
the surgeon, as it is very extensively used in electro-surgical
operations. It also is used very largely by jewelers for ornamen-

an}- lengthy article regarding the chemical and physical properties
of this metal. Suffice it to say that it is one of the heaviest, most
infusible and indistructable of all metallic substances, and is
becoming more and more useful to the scientist and inventor
every day. The illustrations herewith given represent the works of
Baker & Co., located at Nos. 40S, 4:0, 412 and 414 New Jersey Rail-
road avenue, of this city, which are not only the oldest established,
but as before stated, are the only refiners of crude platinum in
this country, but their business is not confined to the refining of
platinum alone, as they manufacture the metal into foil, wire
crucibles, dishers, stills, retorts, &c. , &c. , in fact furnish it in all
forms for all purposes. They also refine and handle gold, silver,
palladium, iridium, osmium, ruthemium, rhodium, and the rare
and precious metals generally. The demand for the last-named
metals is rapidly increasing as science advances and requires
more delicate instruments, for while they resemble each other in
many respects, they all possess distinctive qualities, rendering
them of great value to the scholar and experimenter.

XEIIAKK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

■3'

fXT-fi'FFFiL-iiilJ'

ffffllllMf Ilpffittim .

»• ^J

LOUIS LELOX<i .■*. liKDTUKk. REKIXERS. IIALSEY, .MARSHALL AND Ni:VAl)A STREETS.

I.OUIS UELOXO cV: BRO.

IN TrRXIXCi the pages of Illistratkh Nkwakk. where one
after another follow in quick succession the photosjraphie
presentations of the beautiful plants of the various industries so
successfully carried on within her bounds, which seem fitted by
nature as the grand concentration point where they should l>e
carried on we know the examiners and readers must be wonder-
fully elated, and rise from their sittings satisfied and contented.
Not this alone, but he must feel that he has learned some lessons
in the history of Newark, Xcw Jersey, on the Pa.ssaic river, that
he never knew before. If in the presentation of this work to the
world we have done nothing more than brint;
before them the realization to the full of Xew
ark's real greatness in shadow only, as tht
beautiful photographic views loom up befori^
them, we shall be content.

Among the thousands which speak in vol-
umes of her praise for the good work already
done, we present the industr)- of smelting and
refining as conducted by Lelong & Bro., durin.i;
the past thirty-five years in the great brick
buildings, on Halsey, Marshall and Xevada
streets. A very fine idea of the greatness and
grandeur of this concern where such a rich, rare
and extensive business is carried on under the
immediate supervision of Mr. Louis Lelong,
his brother Alexander and Mr. Charles J.
Dega\Te can be had by a careful examination
of the plates presented here. This firm is
extensively and favorabh- known throughout
the United States, Canada, Central America
and Mexico.

ROBERTSON ^S: I^EBER.

OV THIS page is seen a beautiful half-tone picture of the
separating room which is truly representative of the
industrial concern carrying on the important business of refining
at Xo. 13 and 15 Franklin street, by Robertson \- Leber. The
firm began the business of refining, assaying and smelting gold,
silver and platinum in 1SS9, and are thoroughly, well and favora-
bly known throughout the United States and Canada. The
members of the firm are young and enterprising men and are
representatives of that cla.ss who earn success by first gaining a
knowledge of their elected business undertaking.

I-\TERI'>K \Ii;W OK ROBEKl;

NEWARK, X. /, ILLUSTRATED

OSCA.R A. NENNINGER.

SCi OVERCROWDED has the city of Newark become, with
its growing industries in its more central portions, that
many very large establishments have erected their plants far out
in the suburbs. Such has been the case with the concern of
Oscar A. Nenninger, in which is carried on the business of gold
and silver refining, sweep smelting, etc.

To procure the necessary ground room whereon to erect the
buildings for the housing of his machinery, furnaces, smelting
pots, materials, and all the paraphernalia for the conduct of his
business, Mr. Nenninger's footsteps turned northward, to the
region where the beautiful Passaic is crossed by the New York
& Greenwood Lake Railroad, and near where the Second river
empties into the stream as it winds its lovely way among the
green hills, which grasp its smiling waters in tender embrace as
they run rippling on toward the great ocean. The plot lies quite
near the river, on Passaic avenue, in the region formerly known

Oscar A. Nenninger, as well as being a thoroughly practical
business man, and an adept at the work of wringing success from
the grasp of apparently unyielding difficulties, is a man of science,
and all along, during the years of his successful conduct of hi.s
industry of gold and silver refining, assaying, and smelting high
grade gold and silver ores, and jewelers' sweeps, he has opened
up a new specialty in nickel refining.

After years of study and patient experiment, he succeeded in
the work of refining the utile, rich and beautiful metal known as
nickel, which in this age of the world is so largely used in plating
and taking the place of silver in many great industries. Just how-
large a debt of gratitude the world owes Oscar A. Nenninger for
his discovery of a cheap and easy method of refining nickel, will
never be known, as he cheerfully gave the long days of his labor
and toil, and followed the bent of his genius, far away into the
small hours of the early morning, so many, many times, as he

REFINING WORKS OF OSCAR A. NENNINGER, RIVERSIDE AVENUE AND THE P.VS.SAIC RIVER.

as Woodside, but now passes under the name of North Newark.
There the huge furnaces of peculiar shape send forth the curling
smoke indicative of the burning processes going on below, and
burning out every vestige of impurity, converting the refuse into
ashes, cinder and smoke, and melting the precious metals down
which lie hidden therein. The molten mass, gathering into
shining grains of yellow gold, shining nickel and sparkling silver
bars as rich and pure as the original ore gathered from far-away
Australian or Californian mines.

As well as the smelting, Mr. Nenninger carries on the refining
of the precious metals. This is an industry which tends largely
to the aggrandizement of Newark, and many of her wide-awake
go-ahead men have not only found wealth in its conduct, but
pleasure as well, and have succeeded by their marvelous skill
and indomitable energy in carrying the business to a high grade of
success. Some of the most extensive plants in the city are given
over to this business of smelting and refining. The business con-
ducted by Mr. Oscar A. Nenninger, in the commodious buildings,
a speaking likeness of which our artist has transferred to these
pages from sketches taken on the spot, was founded in 1SS3,
by Mr. Nenninger, and has had a remarkably successful career.

pursued his ideal into the furnace and smelter by way of experi-
ment, without expectation of fee or reward. That he is reaping a
rich reward from the addition of this specialty — the refining of
nickel — to his old-established industrial pursuits, is a fact that can-
not be gainsayed. No one will deny but that it is well deserved.
In all probability there are few industries which give a better
return, nor are there many which require an outlay greater in
securing it, than that of smelting and refining, and the sister
industry of assaying the precious metals, gold, silver and nickel.
Although the latter is seldom reached, and more seldom finds a
place in the conduct of the manufactures a.id arts than this cit)',
where such a mighty variety of productions spangle the city over
and over with the richest and rarest, and the costliest and cheapest
in the long range of productions which are the output of the
genius of the greatest number of skilled workmen that have
known concentration in any other one given place. The amount of
capital is quite fabulous that is necessary to bring these workmen
up to the point of output, as the result of a conversion of their
study and labor, and the readiness with which those who hold the
capital, put it forth, and uncomplainingly accept the resultant
profit or loss, is highly commendable.

NEirA/^K, N. /„ ILLUSTRATED.

133

\A/M. A. SCHENCK & CO.

THE wonderful work of the transformations and transmutations
of the precious metals carried on in the industrial concerns
of the city of Newark, is a subject of a startling nature to the
average casual obser\-er, but when studied in its detail and minutia
becomes of the deepest interest to the closest student. First in
the amount of the precious stuff handled, in the multitudinous
processes carried on, and second in the almost infinitessimal
variety, styles, makeups and patterns of the articles of ornament,
virtue and necessity, into which they are converted by force of
the manipulations through which they pa-ss and the cunningness of
the devices which the ingenuity of our mechanics bring to bear on
the machinery- and machines, which so willingly a.ssist their deft
fingers in the almost magical work of their conversion.

In this article we shall only have to do with beautiful silver, the
weaker sister of
the beguiling
gold, which
ranks among
the richest of
nature's outputs
from her won-
derful crucibles.
Althought it is
found but sel-
dom near the
surface of
mother earth,
ever so rich in
her treasures.
1> u t generally
a w a y d e e j)
down the virgin
ore is found
nestling close in
the loving em-
1) r a e e of its
granite founda-
tions awaiting
the attack of the
miner with drill
and blast, and
daring hand
forcing it into
the bucket of
ascent to reach
the surface,
where in the
embrace of the

ruthless crusher it is torn asunder and brought in contact with
the insidious mercurj' and sparkling electro magnetic current,
which catches up with nimble fingers the bright grains and
hands them over to take their place in the line of march of the
industries next to gold. So plentiful is silver when compared
with gold, so great a value is not fixed upon it. The compara-
tive cheapness and beauty of silver has had verj' much to do
with its utility, and thus its adaptation follows to a great variety
of purposes of ornamentation and usefulness, where the more
expensive gold cannot be applied with advantage.

Like many other industries which have their abiding place in
Xewark workshops, so the manufacturing of useful and almost
indispensable articles from silver has grown to such an extent,
that Xewark now claims to be the main centre for manufacturing
silver products.

Prominently among the number engaged in the conversion of
virgin silver into articles of commerce, is the enterprising young
firm of William A. Schenck & Co., which carries on a silver
industry at the north-west corner of Washington and Crawford

HhN< K v

<ll.\ I K^Ml I H-. \V \^illN

Streets. This company though young, has already gained an
enviable reputation as silversmiths and electro depositors with
silver in all of the many later day scientific and artistic processes.
The products from the factories of this comjjany stand unrivalled
for beauty and excellence of workmanship and finish. The
attractive style in which they finish up the novelties among their
productions, and the elegant and graceful designs in all their rich
and beautiful products has given them a reputation, which places
their goods at the top of the silver market. Those in pursuit of
articles in silverware novelties, or bric-a-brac in any of its
glittering lines have but to leave their orders with this responsible
house, the members of which are all Xewarkers and men of a high
order of ability and of undoubted integrity, giving assurance in
full that it will be satisfactorily and quickly filled. With all the

latest modern
improved m a-
chinery and a
large corps of
skilled work-
men, they are
enabled to com-
pete with any
house i n t h e
trade. They
stand ready at
all times to
make estimates
and enter into
contracts for
solid silver nov-
elties of every
description.

.•\s a matter of
course it is al-
ways in order
to make a visit
and personal
inspection, to
get at a satis-
factory under-
standing of
what is going
on in the work-
shops, and see
all the beautiful
things the man-
ufacturers have
to show in their
display parlors, but this cannot always be. The next best thing
to do is to glance at the truthful representations from the artist's
pencil and engravers' skill on this page. Here can be seen most
striking likeness of the articles resulting from the industry con-
ducted by the gentlemen above named. Here is seen the beauti-
ful souvernir spoons which this firm turns in a great variety of
styles and rich designs, also rare samples of enameling on silver,
opaque and transparent. Elegant specimens of enamel filagree,
works of art. etc., in great variety of styles and patterns. But a
modicum only is here shown of the hundreds of entrancingly,
beautiful, artistic and useful articles manufactured by William A.
Schenck & Co., silversmiths. From these factories are turned
out daily, enough of the rich and beautiful of artistic goods made
from silver, shells of tortoise, pearl and ivory, of enamel products
and filagree work to startle the novice into exclamations of won-
der and delight and create surprise, even in the breasts of the
educated in art, those who have tried to believe from long exper-
ience that there is naught but old things under the sun, when
directly the reverse is made manifest by this firm's products.

KAW t 'iKD --1 KEF.TS.

134

NFAVARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

THE AL\IX MANUKACTURING CO.

THE above company was organized and incorporated on
August 17, 18S7, for the manufacture of sterling silver ware
and novelties, and is to-day the pioneer establishment in the city of
Newark devoted exclusively to the manufacture of sterling silver
ware. So rapidly had the business of this company increased it
became necessary for them to procure more capacious quarters in
which to carry on the industry. Their recently erected large and
commodious works, which are shown on the opposite page, are
situate near the beautiful suburban village of Irvington. The
main building is an immense brick structure, three stories high,
120 feet long by 40 feet wide. The entire building will be occupied
by the Alvin Manufacturing Company.

Mr. Wm. H. Jamouneau is the president and secretary of the

the glass surface by the electric current. When this operation is
successfully completed the article is shown completely encased in
its covering of pure silver. The article is then taken in hand by
skillful artists who trace the most intricate designs on the silver
surface. The designs are of a continuous character and the inter-
vening spaces are by another process cut away or removed, so as
to expose the crystal surface in the interstices of the design. The
article is then passed to the engraver, who richly embellishes the
remaining surface by engraving suitable designs, such as rich
renaisance scrolls, floral effects, and sometimes for special articles,
landscape scenes, figures, animals and so forth. When this
engraved surface has been highly polished, which is the last and
finishing operation, the highly polished tracery of silver contrast-
ing with the clear and biilliant surface of the glass, the effect of
which is enhanced bv the silver reflections from the inner surface

DESIGN' OF ALVl-\ M.WUl-WCTURI.VG CiJMP.WV, .SILVER.S.MITHS.

company, and Mr. Henry L. Leibe its treasurer. They are both
practical mechanics and thoroughlj^ posted in all the technical
processes involved in the manufacture of silver ware.

Undoubtedly the most novel and at the same time artistic work
turned out by them is that known as electro-deposit goods, a few
cuts of which are herewith shown. This most beautiful class of
work was invented and brought to a state of great commercial
success by this firm. It is impossible in a short descriptive
ai'ticle to do justice to this work. It is applied to decanters
perfume and toilet bottles, caraffes, claret pitchers, flasks, per-
fume atomizers and in fact an almost endless varietj^ of articles of
crystal glass. Without attempting a technical description of the
process, which by the way is carefully guarded as a trade secret,
suffice it is to say, that the article to be silvered which is of crys-
tal glass, is rendered metallic by a coating of silver deposited on

of the glass, is conceded to be the most beautiful that has been
produced in the line of silver ware.

Another interesting, useful and important branch of this special
process is the coating by silver deposit of handles for umbrellas
and canes. Some of the most novel and striking designs that
have been produced are shown in the accompanying illustrations.
For this work the choicest varieties of imported sticks are selected;
among the most popular are the German weichsel or wild cherry,
the French oak and medlar, the English hazel and cavada, the
Scotch furze and the Irish black thorn.

The selected stick is immersed in the plating bath after being
treated chemically to prevent the absorption of the plating solu-
tion, and the silver is deposited on the desired portion to the
necessary thickness. It is then removed from the bath and care-
fully polished and oxidized so as to bring out all its natural

XEIVARK, X. J , ILLUSTRATED.

135

characteristics of the wood in the finished silver. The effect thus
produced is most unique and highly artistic. Again, various
designs, such as ferns, flowers and other patterns appropriate to
the character of the wood, are sometimes etched on the deposited
surface and o.\idized so as to produce an effect of relief. By this
the highest artistic e.xcellence is produced. But while the Alvin
Company have always made this work a special and leading
feature, they are by no means confined to it, but turn out a very
artistic and attractive line of what is technically known as hollow
ware, consisting of such articles as tea-sets, fruit dishes, berry
bowls, sugar and cream sets, and a general line of flat and fancy
wares among which we might enumerate salad sets, pie servers,
cream ladles, ice cream knives, meat forks, cheese scoops, carving
sets, etc.

at once set their most skillful designers at work to design special
patterns of spoons to be sold in the various cities. The most
expensive dies were made to strike these designs from, often at a
cost of several hundred dollars each, but the results in every case
more than justified the original expenditure on the dies. They
were noted at once for the striking originality of their designs,
and the demand that arose from the trade throughout the country
soon proved a severe tax on their facilities for manufacturing the
spoons. From time to time the plant was enlarged to meet the
requirements, until finally it was found necessary to build the
large factory at Irvington, before referred to. Space will not
permit of a description of one-tenth of the patterns designed and
made in souvenir spoons, but among the best known and most
successful \vc enumerate the " Washington," " Cleopatra,"

JijHMIIHii I

I'll*

iiHi

N'EW PL.WT OF THK .\LV1N' XIANlFACTlTRIXCi COMP.\XY. SILVKRSMITHS, IRVIN'GTOX, X. .1.

Several prize trophy cups recently designed and manufactured
by them have received verj- high commendation from experts. A
prize loving cup has just been completed, which was presented
by the Sunday Call, to the winners of three men teams byeicle
race at the annual meets of the Riverside Cyclers, held at
Waverly.

Perhaps one of the most interesting features in the silver
industry' during the past decade, is that known as the " souvenir
spoon fad." It originated in Europe where for some time it has
been the custom for tourists to purchase spoons of various pat-
terns from jewelers, and have the name of the town engraved on
them, so as to render them perpetual souvenirs of the place. The
Alvin Company were one of the first houses to foresee the
demand that would arise for this popular ff)rm of souvenir, and

" Miner," " Uncle Sam," " Phoenix,' " Columbus World's Fair,"
'■ Buffalo," " Historical Cannon." " Wheelman," " Washington
Monument," "New York Liberty," "Marguerite," and "Cam-
paign " spoons. These two latter were struck in commemoration
of the campaign of 1892, and were very popular as a campaign
novelty. The first impression from the dies were sent to the
respective candidates, who acknowledged their appreciation by
letters, now held by the firm. At the present writing their prin-
cipal energy is being devoted to designing and making souvenir
spoons for the World's Fair Columbian Exposition to be held at
Chicago in 1S93. Already the demand for these World's Fair
souvenirs is ver>' great, and is increasing daily.

The parties conducting this industry are young and as the
results prove, full of enterprise.

THE ART OF ENGRAVING.

'ERHAPS there is not within the wide domain
of industrial activity to-day in the United
States any branch of art in which a higher
degree of technical skill is displayed, than in
the line of business devoted to the engraving
of rolls for printing calicoes, satinets, silks, oil
cloths and kindred articles, and for embossing
textile fabrics, paper, rubber and metals, and
may be added also, in few has there been
made such notable progress of late years. The
advance made in this direction during the
past quarter of a century or so in this country, is of a very
marked and gratifying character.

In this connection special mention should be made of the wideh-
known and flourishing firm of engravers, Thomas and George M.
Stone, Newark Engraving "Works, which enjoys the distinction of
being the oldest, leading and best equipped establishment of the
kind in the United States, having since the inception of the enter-
prise thirty-five years ago maintained a record of steady and
substantial progress, while its products are in steady and extensive
demand, not only throughout the entire Union, but also Mexico,
South America and Canada. The premises occupied were built
by them in the year iSSS, and are supplied with ample
steam power and are completely equipped in every respect with
the most improved machinery, aj^pliances and appurtenances known
to the art, while employment is afforded upwards of fort)--five
expert workmen, designers, engravers and skilled hands.

The work turned out here is A i in every feature, in design,
execution, finish and effectiveness, while the patronage of the

firm is fully commensurate with the capacity of the works, and the
name and standing of the concern. After long experimenting
the}- have been successful in putting in a gas hardening or anneal-
ing furnace, which is, in every respect, a safer and cleaner process.
Messrs. Stone do the greater part of the engraving that is done
for the calico, silk, satinet and oil cloth printers throughout the
country, for whom the)- do the fine designing and engraving,
which is instrumental in producing the printed goods of various
kinds and stj-les, which are so pf>pular everywhere and the hand-
somest work of this kind that has ever been seen comes from this
establishment. The work on some of the rollers used for emboss-
ing cloth, velvet, satin, paper, rubber, zinc, brass and other sheet
metals is most elaborate in character, and dies of all sorts are
made for striking off buttons, bangles and various kinds of
jewelry work. Rolls are made from the most diminutive size up
to those weighing over a ton. Latel)- the firm has been doing a
great deal in getting up rolls for oil cloth manufacturers, some
of the patterns requiring as manj- as six rolls to complete
them.

Rolls have also been made which enable leather manufacturers
to imitate alligator and seal skins that any one but an expert
would pronounce them to be the genuine skin. The satisfactorj-
result from these rolls was obtained only after years of experi-
menting, as it was a very difficnilt matter to get an exact seal
impression. The firm is now ab e to produce an imitation of any
seal skin desired. It is also at these works that the rolls are
made which are used in printing or embossing the celebrated
Lincrusta-Walton, which is used so much for decorating the
interiors of our fine buildings, state rooms of steamships, parlor

XEUAKK, y. /., ILLUSTRATED.

137

tars, etc. The largest rolls ever made as well as the
finest have been prochiced by the Messrs. Stone. It
would be hard to enumerate the many purposes for
which thev have made rolls at different times.

.\. SCHI.ITKTISK

& CO,

THE man who has the patience, and is endowed
with a mind succeptible to such impressions as
will tit it by education to guide the arms, hands and
fingers, into the skillful ways for the manufacture of
medallion heads, portraits, figures and all kinds of
dies and tools for jewelers and fancy brass work,
celluloid and hard rubber dies, embossing dies for
stationers, steel stamps, seal presses, hat tip dies,
cV-c, is an artist indeed, and a child of genius, and
such an one is Albert Schlueter, and as is his partner
Henry Loeffler. The business now conducted so
skillfully by the wizard-like Schlueter, was started
in iSSi by Mr. H. Fiedler, who carried it on till iSSf),
when Mr. Schlueter took hold, and Mr. Loeffler two
years later. Albert Schlueter is in love with his art.
and per conseciuence the work turned out from the
establishment of A. Schlueter & Co. is all of a very
high character, and is in demand everywhere that
first-class goods find a market. This company keep
a number of skilled artists at work in the commodious
and well-arranged establishment, as shown on this
l)age. by an engraving made from a sketch from the
pencil of our artist, which is located at 363 Market
street, near the P. R. R. Depot. They make a
specialty of medallion heads, portraits, figures and all
kinds of die sinking and jewelers' tools as well. An
order left with Albert Schlueter & Co. will always be
a welcome guest, and its filling will be but the
occupation of the time between now and imme-
diately.

W(lKk^ UK lllo>. Ji (ii;0. M. ST(JNK. KSCiKAVKKS, IIAMIl.TnX ANIJ M Wll^K I IK >l KKI I >

DESIGN OF K. SCIILIETER Sc CO., ENGR.WEKS, MARKET STREET AND RAILROAD PLACE.

.58

XEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

EXAMELEK.

\\. UUlHLEIN, ENGKAVEK.

JOSEl'H I'OWELL.

H. BUCHLEIN.

AMONG the jewelry industries carried on in this city, the art
of enameling forms a most important part in the decoration
of jewelry and watch cases. Prominently engaged in this art
stands Mr. Joseph Powell, whose portrait is herewith given.
This gentleman conducts the business of enameling at No. 12
Green street, where he devotes his entire attention to the beauti-
ful art of decorating and painting in enamel on every description
of article in solid silver and silverware in plain and fancy colors.

THE designing and manufacturing of seals for societies, cor-
porations and notary publics, the designing, engraving and
die sinking for jewelers, and ornamental brass work, also for
leather and paper embossing, is one of the numerous industries
for which the city is noted. Mr. H. Buchlein, whose portrait
illustrates this page, engaged in the business twenty years ago,
and from his workshop have come some of the finest specimens
of badges, and society insignia, known to the trade. His factory
is located on the third floor of 7S7 Broad street. ] le is a practical
mechanic in the manufacturing of marvels in this line, prompt
and reliable in all his business relations and deserves the
success with which he has met.

HENKV M. LITTI.E.

AMONG the numerous industries carried on in a great manu-
facturing city like Newark, there are to be foimd thousands
of expert mechanics upon whose skill and experience many of
them in a greater or less degree depend. There are perhaps but
few engaged in the profession of consulting mechanical engineer-
ing and draughting, who have won a higher reputation for all
round expert work than Mr. Henry M. I,ittle, whose portrait
forms one of the illustrations herewith given. This enterprising
citizen and mechanic is well and favorably known in Newark, he
having been identified with the silk factory on Bank street for a
number of years. He is now a resident of Wabash, Indiana.
That growing Western city is a fine field in which Mr. Little will
find a wide range for the exercise of his versatile engineering
talents. Like many another Newarker who has gone forth to
other fields, we opine that the same success which so eminently
marked his career in the practice of his profession here, will
follow him there. He was long a familiar figure about the silk
works on Bank street, and he has left not a few monuments of his
engineering skill, and his business tact and energy as well, in the
great brick building known as the Newark City Silk Mills. For
many years Mr. Little had the entire control and management of
the same.

EXK^' M. Ell ri>:, IIKAL '.H l>MA\.

NEWARK, X. _/., ILLUSTRATED,

139

TAHI.K CI.OTH DKSICX HV A K. CKAIO, ENGRAVER. KAII.KOAI* AVKNVK AN'I) KAST I'AIR STREET.

'^r-^^^^^x^^W^

I : K.X 1 JlvKV is: CKAK

B&H-(i^')

THIS firm was organized in 1S.S3, and is composed of
Messrs. Daniel Bradley and Andrew K. Craig,
each of whom are practical mechanics in the engravers
art, and were among the first to produce successfully,
colored patterns for oil cloth printing, on which they
retain a monopoly, due perhaps, to their superior work-
manship, and have produced the largest engraved rolls
now in use. The engraving of rolls for embossing
sheet metal, paper, leather, etc., forms a large part of
their trade, throughout the United States, Canada and
Europe. Rolls for printing silk, plush, calico, satinet,
wall papers, etc., make up the balance of their out put.
Many of the best acknowledged patterns have been
engraved by this firm. The machinery used is first-class,
and the works are equipped with every improvement
known to the trade, and none but the best expert work-
men are employed. In the illustrations herewith given
is a beautiful engraved table cloth and photos of the
yourg and Enterprising proprietors.

14°

NEU-ARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

INTERIOR VIEW OF THE ESSEX ENGRAVING WORKS, No. 12; AND 127 N J. R. R. AVENCE,

THE engraving industry as carried i>n in the city of Newark has
in all probability at the hands of no individual or company,
a fairer exposition than from these of Vogel & Kubler, who do a
large business as engravers to oil cloth, calico, paper and satinet
printers, also rollers for the embossing of plush paper, rubber,
leather and all sheet metals, under the firm name or title of the
Essex Engraving Works, located at 125 and 127 New Jersey
Railroad avenue, between Green and Elm streets.

This engraving
business was estab-
lished in iSSS, by
the head of the
present firm, Mr.
A. Vogel and Mr.
Albert J. Kubler.
The truly marvel-
ous success which
has followed the
career of this firm
is only another
demonstration of
the w e 1 1-k n o w n
fact, which long
ago passed into
the field of adage,
"That honesty is
the best policy."
From the very be-
.ginning the firm
prospered, and
liow the industrv
which had a very
modest beginning,
has its plant
housed in the
ALOYS VOGEL. cxtcnsivc and im-

posing buildings, of which a faithful representation of the interior
is presented on tliis page, through the instrumentality of our
artist's pencil, who so faithfully photographed them, and the
engraver who fashioned the plates for this beautiful picture.

Few industries among the thousands which have their homes in
this busy city on the Passaic, have had such smooth sailing as
this one over which Mr. A. Vogel presides. A stranger may be
pardoned for asking, why is this? When the answer would come
up in ready response. Mr. Vogel is an artist himself and knows
all about the biisiness, and it is quite natural to believe that he
knows just what he is about all the while, and can see quite
readily how to
avoid the rocks
upon which the
business might
strand were not the
helm of the good
ship in such wise,
quick and clear
discerning hands ''.

Whenever t h c
rollers they manu
facture arereqired,
the firm is already
so well and favora-
bly known and the
goods which are
the output of their
industry have been
so well tested, they
find a ready sale at
very remunerative
rates. The dimen-
sion of the build-
ings are 40 by 75
'^^t- .\li!i:rt j. kukler.

NEU.IRK, X J., ILLUSTRATED.

141

XEWARIv RIVET WORKS.

NOTHING leads to a greater degree of surprise and wonder
to the investigator of the extent and variety of the
industries tarried on in this great manufacturing centre, than
that of rivet making. This industry occupies a most important
place in the aggregation, it acting as feeder to many other things.
No manufacturing establishment where iron-hooped barrels,
casks, etc., are turned out, and no steam boiler works can well be
run without the aid of the inseperable and indispensable rivet.

out by the millions, is an industry which was established in 1S74,
and is located on Monroe street, covering the large plot of
ground extending from No. 13S to 146. The business offices of
the company are at No. J46. Mr. W. F. Harris is president, and
W. W. Trimpi secretary and treasurer, the company being
incorporated. Probably no manufacturing establishment in the
city has a plant selected with greater care, and their machines,
tools, lathes, furnaces, etc., many of the former being automatic.

I !.- J i ■ i 111

NEWARK RIVET WORKS, MONROE STREET.

Many an establishment which carries a high head, would be
brought low were the supporters of the rivet withdrawn To
little purpose would boiler-makers turn Ihe great sheets of rolled
metal into cylinder shapes, or drill the holes, small and great,
along the borders, without the ready rivet to hold the first in
shape, and fill the latter in carrying out their purpose to build a
boiler.

Few industries, indeed, carried on in Newark come into
greater prominence or demonstrates more clearly the great fact
of the dependence u])on one another, or upon each other to a
greater or less degree, than this of rivet making.

From the institution, photographic views of which are seen on
this page, rivets of every style, make and description, are turned

being of the very best for the purposes for which they are
designed and used.

Besides the millions of rivets made of iron, copper and brass,
and the celebrated Norway iron rivets, black, coppered and
tinned, which this company are daily turning out, they also
manufacture large lines of sheet metal goods, escutcheon pins,
jjipe umbrella ferules, baby carriage hubs, bolts, etc. Their goods
as well as finding a ready sale at home, where much of their
output is consumed, find anxious buyers and satisfied consumers
in all the large cities of this country.

A large number of mechanics and laborers are given constant
employment in the conduct of this useful branch of the manifold
industries carried on In Newark.

142

NEWARK, A". /. ILLUSTRATED.

KEVV JERSEY ZINC AND
COMPANY.

AMONG the thousands of industrial establishments in the city
of Newark, the one that is peerless stands on the plot, or
rather covers, the broad acres lying on Chapel street and Passaic
avenue, the Morris Canal and the Passaic River, and is known as
the New Jersey Zinc and Iron Company. On the territory bounded
as above, this company (recognized as the oldest in the city), has
erected a plant of exceedingly great value, consisting of more
than a score of great brick structures with
their mighty draft chimne)-s reaching heaven-
ward. Smoke stacks huge and tall, gives
to the beholder as he looks at its pillars of
smoke ever curling upward from furnaces
whose fires burn night and day and seldom go
out, and when night shuts down the glow of the
burning gas at the chimney tops sending a
lurid glare over and around the city, an
appearance of weirdness that is truly startling.
Gray with age many of the buildings are, and
the walls are covered with soot and dust. As a
visitor enters the great gates, thrown wide open
for his reception, the rattle and bang of busi-
ness turmoil smites his ear and the smell of the
burning that seldom knows quenching, salutes
his olfactorys. On all sides are seen huge piles
of virgin ore from the mines, and heaps of coal
towering like young mountains each awaiting
its turn, later to be consumed in the furnaces
furnishing the heat for melting and smelting,
the other to be cast into the cupolas or smelting
pot. An army of woi'kmen stripped to the buff,
flit like spectres to and fro before him, bent to
the work at wheeling the laden barrow, or bear-
ing the heavy burden, their muscles standing
out like huge knots on arms, breast and shoulder,
the dust mingling with sweat, bursting from
every wide open pore, giving their faces,
bronzed with health and e.xposure a semi-sav-
age look, which belies the good-natured and
happy hearts palpitating in many bosoms or
streaking their faces with the grime made
ghastly b)^ the strange outer covering.

Night and day these works are run by two
gangs of managers, overseers and laborers.
When the bell taps or whistles blow one set or
gang departs for rest, sleep and refreshment,
while another takes their place, and thus it is
that the fires are kept burning, the melting and
smelting never ceasing e.xcept on Sabbath day.
The ore for reduction is brought by canal, river
and rail from their own mines in Sussex county,
and is converted into oxide of zinc and spelter,
articles of great utility and necessity in the
world's operations, and is everywhere in demand
and finds a ready sale in the markets. The
companj' turns out a high grade iron called
spregelersen, a greatly prized article of com-
merce, which is possessed of such excellent
qualities and is such a high grade of purity as
to be in great demand for its marvelous utility.
That the reader may gain a better understand-
ing of the extent of territory occupied for the
housing of the plant of the company and exten-
sive character of the works, the artist has here
presented views which give a representation
which is indeed a speaking likeness and worthy
of a careful study, but while it detracts nothing
from the wonderful skill displayed by the artist

IRON in their transference to these pages, to say that the works of the

New Jerse}- Zinz and Iron Company must be seen on the spot,
like the Falls of Niagara, to be appreciated, the plant of the com-
pany growing in greatness while you gaze, while the falls grow
in grandeur as you linger and contemplate. More than 400
skilled workmen and laborers are given constant employment,
while there is an output annually of several millions of value of
zinc and iron productions. Mr. William Hardenbergh superin-
tends all the operations of the company, and is indeed the right
man in the right place.

Z
d

V.
'J.

>
r.

XEUARK, N. /., II.I.L'STRATED.

143

MALill.\hK> i'i.ANT Dl- >. VKL.-. Cl KKIKK iV- Sl).\.-5, KAll.KoAH I'l.ACK, COMMERCIv AXI) MAkKlil .sIKEETS.

CYRUS CUKRIER cV: SONS.

THE illustrations herewith given
the oldest, and perhaps most
successfully conducted ff>r upwards
by Messrs. Cyrus Currier & Sons,
founders. The business was establi
ent site by the honored father of the
tors, in March, i"^42. Its founder.

represent one of
useful, industry
t)f half a century

machinists and
slied at the [ires-
])resent proprie-

whose photo is

}{iven below, came of New England Revolutionary stock, on lioth the maternal
and paternal sides. His grandfather, Nathaniel Currier, held a commission
as major under King George the III, and upon the commencement of revolu-
tionary- troubles cast his influence with the patriots, and in 1773 was elected by
his fellow townsmen of Salisburg. Mass., to represent them in the Congress
at Watertown. He enlisted in the Continental army and was made a captain.
Miirris Currier, the father of the subject of this sketch, was identified with a
number of useful industries, such as nail, chain and anchor forges, and saw-
mills, and was a pioneer in the manufacture of woolen goods. Before engag-
ing in business for himself, Mr. Cyrus Currier was associated with the now
illustrious Seth Boyden, and performed a large share of the mechanical work
on the locomotives Orange and Essex for the Morris and Essex Railroad.
These engines revolutionized the construction of locomotives. He also had
charge of the first steam fire engine stationed in New York. This engine not
onl3' had steam pumps, but was propelled by steam. In 1849 he took the
Overland Route to California, and among many other other incidents of the
trip, he traded a mule team with Brigham Young on the Rocky Mountains,
and he built the first sawmill that was put up in the California Red Woods.
United States Senator Leland Stanford's stock farm is now watered by the
brook which supplied water for the boiler. What was at that time a wilder-
ness of immense red wood trees is now occupied by fruit farms.

During the more than fifty years since the business was established, there
have been several partners, and for many years previous to the admission of
his sons as partners, he conducted the business alone. The policy of the
concern has ever been to conduct a general business in the line of
machinery and castings, and at the same time to manufacture several special-
ties, which constituted a backbone to rely on. At one time this shop produced
nearly all the machinery used in the manufacture of hats, and they made
jewelers' machinery a specialty for several years, Paper-making machinery
has always been a specialty of the firm, and in this line they own and control
several valuable patents. They have given particular attention to some
branches of the leather business, and have made radical changes in the
machinery for the manufacture of enamel cloths. A great amount of experi-
mental work has been done in their factorj^, and many inventions have been
made useful by them which otherwise would have been of no value.

CVRLS CURKIEK, FOLXDtR.

'44

NEWARK, N. J., ILLUSTRATED.

INTERIOR VlliW OK HKRHERT W . CHAP.MAN-.S MACHINE WORKS, MULBERRY STREET.

HERBERT W. CHAPMAN,

BUILDER of bank iKitf engravers' machinery, engraving
machines for calico and satinet printers, patent foot presses for
jewelers or sheet metal workers, high speed simple, compound and
triple expansion engines for steam yachts and launches, etc.

This business was estabHshed in 1S72, for the manufacture of
jewelers' tools and special machinery for the manufacture of novel-
ties, etc. In the year 1877, the line of machinery for bank note and
other engravers was introduced, and is still continued as one of the
principal manufactures. The building of fine compound and triple
expansion engines for marine purposes is another addition to the
regular line of machinerj- built by this house.

In this connection the reader will be interested in glancing at the
beautiful photo illustrations, which have been so successfully trans-
ferred to these images, in which the artist, with the true magic of his
art has given such an excellent idea of the extent, and somewhat of
the intricacy of the machinery and tools necessary to be employed in
turning out the various lines of machinery built at this establishment.

These works are located at Nos. 227, 229 and 231 Mtilberry street.

HERBERT W. Cn.VI'M.iN'.

NEWARK, N. J., ILLUSTRATED.

145

OOULU & KLJLCKHA.KUT.

THE
&

extensive works of Gould
Eberhardt on New Jersey
R. R. avenue are the outgrowth of
an industry founded more than
half a century- ago by Mr. Gould,
the senior member of the present
firm. The founder of this most
important industry and one of
Newark's most honored and highly
respected citizens is a native of
Paterson, N. J., and a skilled
mechanic of more than ordinary
ability, who started in Newark
with one of the first steam engines,
brought into the city, on the Ran-
kin property near the old pond, at
High and Market streets, and
although he has passed the allotted
term of four score years, he is
still in good health and enjoys the
result of well-earned prosperity.

Established m 1833, in a room
16 X 16 feet in dimensions, what
was then known as the Heden-
berg works, from this small begin-
ning has grown the present exten-
sive business, with a trade
extending to all parts of the civilized world.

The active management of the entire concern for the past
twenty years or more has devolved upon his partner, Mr. Ulrich
Eberhardt, a native of .Switzerland, who served his apprentice-
ship with Mr. Gould, and has been identified with the works as
apprentice, foreman and partner for about thirty-five years, and
who is now owner of the works.

The premises occu]5ied have a frontage on New Jersey Railroad
avenue, extending from No. 1)5 to in, inclusive, upon which is
■erected a commodious four story building 35 x 150 in dimensions,

GOILD » EBERHARDT, gs TO iii NEW JRKSKV KAIl.KOAH AVENLE.

with an annex 51 x 35 feet, a foundry building 50 x 60 feet, and a
pattern storage 40 x 50 feet, having a frontage on New Jersey
Railroad avenue, Green street and Bruen street.

The leading products of this extensive establishment comprise
fine grades of first-class, entirely automatic machinists' tools,
special machinery and general machine work of the most
a Ivanced ideas of construction, lathes, planers, slottcrs, Eber-
hardt's patent gear cutters (which have created a new field with
manufacturers all over the world) the latter machine being used
universally for cutting the electric car motor gears. Milling

machines, power, drop and
lever presses, steel plate print-
ing presses, which do the work
more perfectly than hand work,
some twenty-five of these
being in use by the United
States Government at the
Kureau of Engraving and Print-
ing Washington, D. C, also
by the Canada Bank Note Co.,
and other governments. Also
build bank note engravers trans-
fer presses and calico j^rinters'
engravers' lathes.

Oscar Barnett.

THE i
givei

illustration herewith

OJC.\R BARNETT, HAMII.P

JRTER AND ERLEN STRti.l.-

Barnett's malleable and grey
iron works, located on Hamil-
ton, McWhorter and Bruen
streets. The business was
established in 1845, by Stephen
D. Barnett, father of the pres-
ent proprietor. The principal
market for the goods manufact-
ured extends over the United
States and Canada, while some
are exported to England and
South America.

146

NEJVAJiK, N. J., ILLUSTRATED.

KK'HARD.SOX SAW WORKS, RIVKR STRIiHl'.

RICHARDSON BROTHERS.

R. HKIXISCH'S SONS CO.

GO WHERE he will, the reader meets with saws made in
Newark and bearing the well-known and popular stamp of
the Richardsons.

These great saw works began their career under the guidance
of the men whose honored name they bear, by filing and repair-
ing the saws of other manufacturers, not being able at that early
day to control capital enough to manufacture, themselves. It was
not long before their tact, diligence and experience began to tell,
and the extent and scope of their works began extending under
the influence of capital, which had accepted this field for invest-
ment. The mechanical skill, honesty and integrity of the Rich-
ardsons turned out such a high grade of saws that the product
needs but bear their trademark to find a ready sale.

The capital now used by the company, which was incorporated
in iSgo, aggregates the enormous sum of $400,000, held by thirt}--
three stockholders, employing 200 skilled workmen, who ttirn out
yearly thousands of the finest saws ever made. Hon. George A.
Halsej- is president; S. S. Battin, vice-president; Hamilton Dis-
ton, treasurer, and F. B. Earle, secretary. The tone and solidity
of the great concern is readily seen in the honored names of its
officers. The beautiful photograph here seen gives a striking
view of the great buildings in which the company's saw-making
plant is concentrated and housed; but how little can be realized
of the extent of the
mighty industry car-
ried on within, in man-
ufacturing from the
finest plates of the
very best steel saws of
a great variety of
forms, shapes and
sizes, to be used for
all manner of work
where this ' ' tool of
genius " the separa-
ting saw, is required
by the ten.s of thous-
ands of operatives all
over the country. To
get a full understand-
of the grandeur of
this saw making inst-
tution one must make
a visit of inspection
through it.

AS EARLY in the century as 1S25, Robert Heinisch began
the industry of making scissors in the city of Newark. A
thorough knowledge of his business, and a settled determination
that no policy of his should control Robert Heinisch but the one
founded on the old adage that " honesty is the best policy," this
course soon found the road to success and competency by the
way of honest goods of high grade. The fine temper of the goods
turned out by Mr. Heinisch soon gave them a reputation which
created a demand that needed a more extensive plant for manu-
facturing so as to meet it. Orders from all over the country,
where the Heinisch shears for tailors, seamstresses and clerks
were used, came pouriug in. In iSg2 the sons became the success-
ors, and a little later they
were organi2ed into a
company under the New-
Jersey State Laws, with
R. Heinisch, president;
R. E. Heinisch, secre-
tary, and D. W. -Van-
Tine, Treasurer. A
beautiful photo illustra-
tion of their works ap-
pears on this page.

R. HEINISCH'S SONS CO., BRUCE STREET, CORNER THIRTEENTH AVENUE.

NEWARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

DESICN OF OHL & HAEFNER.

OHL & HAEKNKR.

THK al>ove cut represents the founders of the firm of Ohl &
Ilaefner. who, engaged in the manufacture of machinery
at Xos. 9 and 15 Ailing street, Newark. N. J., by conducting their
business on strictly honest and business principles, have built
Tip a trade second to none in their line in this town. This
firm attributes its success mainlv to the fact that thev refrained

from making a specialty of any one or other kind of machinery.
Although they hold several valuable patents of their own, they
are at all times ready to manufacture or improve the inventions of
others. Besides this they do a large jobbing business, always
having lirst-class help to do their work, which varies from the
most delicate dies and tools, to presses, engines and a large
variety of ordinary and special machinery of ihe heaviest and
most approved type.

DESIGN OF F. J. SCH.M1TT & CO.

F. J. SCHMITT & Co.

TIMS tirni, although estab-
lished only about two
years ago, is at present con-
ducted by Frank J. Schmitt
and Gus. A. Kruttschnitt, and
in this short time they have
enjoyed a large and growing
patronage from all the leading
jewelrj- houses in Newark and
vicinity. They haveadded new
lines of manufacture to the
large variety of jewelers' and
silversmiths' machinery, which
they now make. They are the
sole manufacturers of the
Vaughn Patent Power Hammer
used largely for forging pur-
poses. One of the latest
branches they have added to
this line is the manufacture of
pearl button machinery in every
variety. Their business is in-
creasing very rapidly, and in
the fall of 1891 they were forced
to add a new addition to their
factorj- in order to be able to
fill orders more promptly, and
the indications are they will
soon have to add more room.

148

NEWARK, N. /, ILLUSTRATED.

SFPEErPPPaBFIlEP

T I M t3 E: N Ci I N

lliBJi l[|lt£!{!|!£

PiR!lTFFtil.£rtl,FE

ENGINE WORKS OF JOSEPH S. IIUNDY, PROSPECT STREET.

JOSEPH S. MIJXIJV.

JOSEPH S, ML'NDY, mechanical engineer and manufact-
urer of hoisting engines, Prospect street, Newark, N. J.,
was born in Rahway, in April, 1S4.7. His father, Henry E.,
was born 1816 and died 1S78, and married Frances Crowell, by
whom he had eight children, seven boys and one girl. His
great grandfather was a soldier in the Federal army during
the revolutionary war, and was engaged in the famous charge

JUSEI'II S. MUN1>V.

from the Cedar Grove swamp between Perth Amboy and Rahway
against the Tories. His grandfather, Henry, was a carriage manu-
facturer, and was one of the first promoters of the New Jersey Rail-
road and Transportation Co. , now part of the grand trunk line of the
Pennsylvania railroad. Joseph S. Mundy received his education in
a district country school during the winter months, working on his
father's farm during the balance of the year, untill 1866, when his
father removed to Newark, where Joseph S., went to work to learn
the stone cutter's trade. His mind leaned toward mechanics and not
being contented with the trade he started to learn, he shortly after
apprenticed himself, in August 1S66, with Dutton & Wilson, machin-
ists, at 83.00 per week ; where showing so much interest for his
employers, that before the year had elapsed he was advanced to
S7.50 per week. In the spring of 1S6S this firm dissolved, and he
engaged with the Hick's Engine Co., as journeyman. In the winter
of 1869, he left the Hick's Engine Co., and enga.eed with Messrs.
Horton & Kent, successors to Messrs. Dutton & Wilson his former
employers. Shortly after this, Horton bought out Kent's interest in
the business, when Joseph S., went into partnership with Horton,
on borrowed capital, the firm being Horton & Mundy, and in the Fall
of 1S70, he bought out the entire business, his father furni.shing the
money. During this time he studied hard, also doing the work of
three men, working from seven in the morning until ten at night, in
order to make a success of his business. In 1871 he began to make
sketches and plans of a friction drum hoisting engine. Not having
any money to complete his invention with, until 1873, when he made
his first complete machine, altering and changing the entire mechan-
ism three times, after which it proved to be the most complete and
best known device for pile driving and hoisting every produced, and
was therefore patented by him in 1875. Thousands of his engines
have been supplied to bridge builders, railroad contractors, railroad
companies, dock builders, quarries and mining companies.

His works now cover nearly two acres of groimd, with all the
latest improved class of machinery, with an area of 150,240 square
feet of working room.

Joseph S. married Mary E. Hallenbeck, daughter of William H.
Hallenbeck, of Hudson, N. Y., in 1873, by whom he has had one son
born to him. He is a Knight Templar, Mason, also a member of the
Imperial Ancient Arabic Order of the Mystic Shrine , Mecca Temple,
New York. In the winter of 1S68 he joined the Second Reformed
Church, of Newark, and has always been an ardent church worker.

NEWARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.
EDMUND JOSX.

149

THE illustrations on this page represent the works of Edrnvind
Jost, machinist, brass founder and finisher, located at Xos. 350
and 352 Plane street, between William and Market streets. The
business was established in 1S70, bv the present projirietor, who is a
practical mechanic, with considerable experience in the art of con-
structing philosophical, mathematical and optical instruments. The
works are equipped with every improvement for the manufacturing
of special machinery and brass work required in the construction of
experimental and patented novelties, for steam, water, gas, oil,
chemical, electrical, and every description of interchangeable pro-
ducts. Electricity is the motive power employed in running the
wonderful lathes, drilling, shaping, planing and turning machines
screw cutting and milling tools, etc. Employment is found for up-
wards of fifty skilled mechanics, who are constantly engaged in sup-
plying the steadily increasing demands of the trade. The brass
foundry, located in tlie rear of the main factory, is capable of pro-
ducing all kinds of brass and composition castings, and is a model in
itself. The products are principally noted for superior workman-
ship and adaptation to the purposes for which they are designed,
and are largely consumed by the trade throughout the principal
cities of the United States

Mr. Edmund Jost is well known, and has the confidence of the
various trade representatives, and is esteemed as an enterprising
and successful manufacturer and an upright citizen, whose business
has been made successful by the close personal attention given
to the intricate work intrusted to his care.

I-.DMUND JOST.

KXTERIOR AND INTERIOR VIEWS OF EDMUND JOST'.S M.\CHINE .SHOP AND FOUNDRY, PLANE STREET.

15°

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

H. T. CLAW^SON.

'HE inventor is to the mechanic
art what the poet is to litera-
ture ; each in his way presents the
subhmity of thought.

The illustrations given on this and
the opposite page truthfully repre-
sent an industry which has in a large
degree contributed to make the city
of Newark celebrated all over the
world. In reviewing the numerous
interests of the city, the inventor
proves an important feature, for it is
to his skill and brains that the genius
of a country is most clearly exhibited,
especially from a practical point of

view.

In this connection, the house of H.

T. Clawson and C. C. Clawson, in-
ventors and manufacturers of auto-
matic package filling machines and
slot machines, is worthy of mention.
The works are located at No. 21
Hackett street, adjoining the famous
Hedenberg Works. Mr. C. C. Claw-
son's famous package filling machine
is one of the great labor-saving ma-
chines of the age. With them he can
accurately weigh and put in packages
any material, such as rice, coffee,

starch, shot and the like, forty packages per minute, which are
carried off upon an endless belt. He makes twenty-four different
kinds, adapted to various articles.

He is also the inventor of the musical weighing machine, a
machine which weighs a person accurately, prints the exact
weight upon a card with the date, deposits the printed card upon
a small table to receive the same, and at the same time plays a
beautiful tune; the scale and all the apparatus connected with it
are set in motion by dropping a " nickel " in the slot. It is a
very ingenious piece of workmanship. From this invention and
fr.im his automatic fortune-telling machine, which is also opera-

'~^'

WORKS OF H. T. CL.^WSON, HACKETT STREET.

ted by dropping a "nickel" in the slot, have sprung the swarm,
of small imitators. The soothsayers of the past would turn green
with envy if the}' could know that a fortune could be told by
dropping a " nickel " in the slot.

H. T. Clawson and C. C. Clawson, father and son, in them are
united business shrewdness and inventive genius. Their names
have reached every city in the United States and are becoming
familiar in foreign countries. Mr. C. C. Clawson is president of
the Clawson Slot Machine Company, a corporation which has be-
come successful in handling slot machines invented by its
president.

H. T. CLAWSON, MANUFACTURER.

C. C. CLAWSON, INVENTOK.

NEWARK, N. J., ILLUSTRATED.

INTKKICR \IKWS; OK H. T. CI.AWSO?^ S KACTtiRV.

I'AINTINC. tlEPARTMENI .

ADJLSTINi; KOll.M.

TESTING UEIAKTMENT.

PKINTINC liKl'AK IMEXT.

MACHIXERV DEPARTMENT.

SCALE DEPARTMENT.

152

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

KKKDKICK FINTEK.

krederiok: kinxer.

IN THE unpretentious frame structure at the corner of Thomas
and Goble streets, with main entrance at 176 Thomas street,
is conducted an industry which has given to the now aged
Frederick Finter both fame and competence. Although the
genial proprietor, whose excellent photo likeness is seen alongside
the home of his industry, is silvered with age, he wears his years
as though the burthen was light, and continues to give his per-
sonal attention to his business of manufacturing Britannia vrare
just as he did thirty-five years ago.

WORKS OP" FREDRICK UNIKR, CORNER TH0M.\S .\ND OUBLE SIREEIS.

He early learned what has taken many good men a life time to
learn and that was, that the man who devotes his talents and
gives his entire attention to one pursuit, meets a surer success
and better return. His chosen industry was that of manufactur-
ing Britannia ware of the higher grades in a great variety of styles
and patterns for a multitude of purposes, and fine glass trim-
mings, and has made one branch of it a specialty, viz : druggists,
chemists and glass manufacturers' ware of every style, pattern
and make in use anywhere.

TRIPF-E & UTTER.

THE immense quantities of acids, chemicals, dye stuff's,
machinery oil and manufacturers supplies, which the firm of
Trippe & Utter handle at their stores at the corner of West
Kinney and Beecher streets, would be indeed surprising if it was
not that the close association of such surprising mercantile
interests did not appear to overcome their greatness with a close
familiarity.

JOSEIMl E. TRIrl'K.

J. NORRIS UTTER.

NEWARK, N. y., ILI.USTRArF.D.

153

IKUN ^•'l MiKI \SIi MM IIINK. WdKKS nK Al.EXANllKK THAI |P, KAST FEKKV. MAIN AMI ST. KHANCIS STUKETS

ALEX.\X1)HK rKAi;n.

THE industry conducted with so much success by Mr. A.
Traud at the junction of Ferry, Main and St. Francis streets,
justly takes rank anion;.; the most prosperous in the city of
Newark. A glance at the buildings in which his multiple
jndustr)- of machinery building, iron founding, pattern making,
drawing, etc., will satisfy the most exacting, that the proprietor
is not only a great mechanic, but a successful business man as
well. Not content with all these various lines represented at his
factorys, he has just completed extensive arrangements for carry-

P.AG AND SATCllF.l,

>ST OF ALEXANDER TRAUD, i-

ing on the business of bag frame manufacturing on Main street
adjoining his foundry and machine shops. While engaged in
turning out finished machinery of almost every description and
tilling orders for castings, models and preparing drawings, his ever
fertile mind is working out some new idea and forging plans by
which to not alone puts ducats in Alexander 'fraud's purse, but
help his brother manufacturers in the conduct of their business
by the transference of surplusage of his skill and genius to their
work shops. Like hundreds of other men of push and enterprise,
Alexander Traud early discovered the fact that NeAvark had
more and better facilities for the successful conduct of indus-
trial pursuits than any other city in the land.
Among its advantages for the conduct of his
business was easy of access, close to the
best markets of the world, to buy and sell in, to
jirocure the raw material and market the finished
])roduct, with railroads, river and canal, to give
cheap freightage and rapid and safe cartage, the
best of mountain spring water, capital at hand to
borrow from liberal men and banks for deposit
and credit and plenty of mechanics, artists and
skilled laborers ready at call. So painstaking
and careful have the manufacturers of the class to
which Alexander Traud belongs, been, in estab-
lishing and maintaining an excellent name and
keeping untarnished the well-earned fame of
Newark-made goods that wherever the output
from its factories go, they meet a ready demand
and sell quickly. Aggregation has been the watch
word, and thus it is that the industries go hand
in hand and the will being of one class, means
the success of all.

The business was established in 1S76 and at
once took a high stand among the sister indus-
tries, with an extensive plant, excellent machin-
ery and a large corps of mechanics and artists,
success has crowned his eff(_)rts, and now with the
addition of the new bag frame industry a wider
field is opened up and the promise made of a
more abandant prosperity.

154

NEWARK, A" /., ILLUSTRATED.

D. S. PLUIVIB.

THIS business was started in iSSi by Messrs. George E. Hart
and D. S. Plumb, under the firm name of Hart & Plumb,
the intention of the projectors being the manufacture of the finer
grades of clocks in competition with goods of the best foreign
makers.

The first articles produced by the firm were small carriage, or
hand traveling-clocks with movements enclosed in glass cases
having solid metal corners, tops and bases in gold finish, and with
the regular outside leather case. These clocks were pronounced
equal to the foreign made, and met the demands of dealers in this
line, but it was soon found that outside of New York, and one or
two of the larger cities of the country, the demand of the finer
grades of clocks, in any style, was much less than the manufac-
turers had been led to believe, and this, together with the fact
that foreign manufacturers made considerable reductions in
prices as soon as thej- learned of a successful attempt having been
made in this country to
produce the goods, led
the firm to make this
work secondary to orders
for clock work specialties,
which from time to time
had been offered to them
by various American
manufacturers.

Mr. Hart retired from
the business late in 1882,
accepting the position of
mechanical superintend-
ent of the Waterbury
Watch Company, and Mr.
Plumb continued the
business alone. Since
M r. Hart's retirement
Mr. Plumb has had con-
nected with him at differ-
ent times, Mr. George E.
Marcus, now of the New
York jewelry house of
Jacques & Marcus, and
Mr. George B. Webb, the
well known mechanical
expert, now with Messrs.
W y c k o ff , Seamans &
Benedict, manufacturers
of the Remington Stand-
ard Type-writer.

To define more partic-
ularly the specialty met by this business, mention may be made
of the manufacture of steam gauge movements and counters for
water, gas and electric meters. These mechanisms require for
their manufacture special machinery, and as they are often
delicate in construction, demand for best results, special training
of workmen. Unless wanted in very large quantities the makers
of the machines or instruments in which these parts — or more
properly special instruments in themselves — are to be used, do
not find it advisable to undertake their manufacture, and are glad
to place their orders elsewhere at satisfactory prices, with the
assurance of good results. Many thousands of movements, parts
of movements, &c., are made annually to meet this demand,
which is a continually increasing one, and it is the policy of the
business to make anything in this direction for other manufactur-
ers, from a few wheels, pinions or racks, to orders for thousands
of the same, or for the completed movements in large or small
quantities, finished and ready for adjustment to the particular
mechanism they are to be connected to.

In the line of intricate mechanical instruments, which goods are
delivered in their finished condition by Mr. Plumb, prominent

mention may be made of cyclometers, used for recording the
distances traveled by bicycles. Owing to the growing popularity
of the wheel the demand for these instruments has increased from
year to year, until at times, the facilities of the business in this
direction have been severely taxed to meet the orders. These
instruments early in their manufacture, were found to be more
exacting in their requirement than was expected, inasmuch as the
vibration of the bicycle, shocks and jars from stones, rough
roads, &c., had a tendency to throw out of adjustment the delicate
parts of the instrument. For this reason but few of the various
designs patented have been found serviceable, and of the four
standard patterns now on the market, Mr. Plumb is the manufac-
turer of three, the goods being made to the orders of the com-
panies owning or controlling the patents. In addition to the
manufacture of the articles named above, may be mentioned
adding machines, odometers, registering mechanism, special
devices for optical instruments, devices for the measurement of
lenses, and general fine metal work.

MA HER &
KLOCKIHART.

THI
t

DESIGN OF D. S. PLUMB

E lower section of
the city east of the
Pennsylvania Railroad,
is steadily advancing as
a manufacturing centre.
Here are situated many
of the largest plants in
the city, prominent
among them being the
large iron foundry of
Messrs. Maher & Flock-
hart, (formerly JIaher,
Robinson & Flockhart,)
at the corner of Polk and
Clover streets.

Like many of the large
industrial establishments
for which Newark i s
noted, this firm had a
very humble beginning.
In May, 18S2, they rented
a small building on Polk
street, and with the
assistance of o n e e m-
ployee, commenced the
manufacture of grey iron
castings. Being practical
men and thoroughly con-
versant with the foundry business, they soon established a repu-
tation for making heavy and light machinery castings of a
superior quality. The result was that their business increased to
such an extent that each year saw an addition to their plant, until
every available foot of ground was occupied.

In 1SS9 they purchased a large plot of land bounded by Polk and
Clover streets, and the New Jersey Central Railroad, upon which
they erected a brick building 80.X200, with additional buildings for
boiler and engine rooms and pattern shop, which forms the illus-
trations herewith given. In i8gi they again found it necessarj- to
increase their capacit\'. and erected a building 65x85 for the man-
ufacture of light castings exclusively. They now employ over
100 men, the majority of whom are skilled mechanics. Being
progressive business men as well as thorough mechanics, they
have their foundry equipped with all the latest improved cupolas,
power cranes, and every appliance to facilitate the manufacture
and handling of castings.

Mr. Maher has served si.x years as a member of the Board of
Education, and is at present a member of the Board of Police
Commissioners of the citj" of Newark.

NEWARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

ilAVAKIi MAMKk.

JAMES F1.I>CKHAKT.

156

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

JOHN TOIvER, SONS iS: COMPANY.

IN 1832, John Toler, a lad of seventeen years, came here from
Ireland. He had no acquaintances in this country and little
money, but a good deal of pluck and perseverance. He at once
apprenticed himself to learn the brass finishing business. After
perfecting himself in that line he started the business of pattern
making in New York city. After working at that business for
some time he became conscious that there was an opening for
something that promised better. Having been engaged by some
of the better class of cabinet makers, such as Pottier & Stimars,
of New York, and the old and respectable house of John Jelliff
& Co., of this city, and others, who found much difficulty in
getting casters to suit them, (nearly all the cabinet hardware
being at that time imported from England and France), conse-
quently in the year 1S44 he established himself exclusively in the
caster business, his machinery consisting of a single lathe, made
with his own hands and a vice, and had continued with varying
success to 1861, when he with others, were called by the
Government for aid in her struggle for life. The Montgomery
Guards, of which he was the captain, volunteered to a man to go
to the field. In three months he became major of the regiment.
A year and a half afterwards he was honorably discharged an
invalid. After many months of nursing he regained health
enough to return to his workshop, business being then, as all
know, in a very bad condition, and while absent in the field
others with plenty of capital had started in the business. But
not disheartened, and buoyed up by the encouragement given by
his old customers, he started in with renewed vigor and determi-
nation to get at the head of his industry, as the old saying is, to
" make a spoon or spoil a horn," and his factory to-day on Adams
street, shows what well-directed efforts, perseverance and energy

can accomplish. He at once took in as partner Mr. Joseph 111,
who had been his foreman for years. He then built a factory on
Adams street, and next added an iron foundry, to enable him to
make his own castings. He next extended his iron foundry,
making it 200x53 feet, and continuing to extend until last year,
when the only available lot to be obtained was covered by a first-
class building 100x65 feet, thus covering from Nos. 108 to 122
Adams street, and Nos. 125 to 127 Jackson street. The machinery
is moved by a loo-horse power boiler, built by Lyon &■ McCabe,
and a 6S-horse power engine built bj- Cyrus Currier & Sons, both
of this city.

When the facts recorded in this article are read and digested,
it would be hard to believe that the readers would not, one and
all, call down benisons of blessings on the heads of the gallant
Major Toler and his able associates who carry on this industry of
caster making in all its peculiar ways. No lady in the land who
touches with dainty fingers the shining mahogany bureau, glossy
rosewood piano, or tete-a-tete, or handy stand, to change their
place in boudoir, parlor or sitting room, or moves it easily or
noiselessly over the carpet of softest wool, on casters of wood,
copper, brass, bronze, metal, or either enriched with a plating of
nickel, silver or gold but have reason to thank the genius who
makes the task so light. Far greater cause has the good house-
wife for rejoicing over the good work accomplished by Major
Toler and his son, and their helpmeets indeed the venerable
Joseph 111, who came into the Major's employ in 1S53, aud became
his partner in 1S64, and his son Henry, who began unraveling
the intricacies of the caster business as an apprentice in 1S76.
So thoroughly had the son mastered the trade, and such rare
business precocity had he developed, that in iSSg, in recognition

rL.\XT OF JOHN Inl.KK, SONS & CO., ADAMS AND JACKSON STREETS.

NEWARK. N. /, ILLUSTRATED.

157

of the same, his father transferred his entire interest in the
concern to him, the son becoming the partner in place of his
father, and assuming the general management of the great and
growing mdustry, and has continued to fill the place with honor
to himself and credit to the concern ever since.

To return from this pleasant digression, far greater still, the
toiling thousands of servant girls who would be compelled in
these days of bureaus large and bedsteads strong, to perform
herculean feats of strength were it not that such wonderful
success attends upon this branch of Newark's industrial pursuits.
Not one half the strength, energy or patience is required to be
expended by either class, the high, low, rich or poor, since the
artistic contrivances in the labor-sa\-ing casters, which are
manufactured by the millions by this company, and find their
way under the bedsteads, bureaus, dressing cases, tables, pianos,
stands and chairs, causing them to actually spin around the
rooms of comfortable cottages or great palaces, and with so great
in ease that it might almost truthfully be said that they were
under the control of their beck and will.

When the head of the concern came back from war more than
a quarter of a century ago, in casting about for .i >;nit,ilile calling

In iSSg the company was organized and incorporated under the
laws of New Jersey, assuming the title of John Toler, Sons &
Company, with John Toler president, and Henry III secretarj^ and
treasurer. Their manufacturing establishment is located from
106 to 122 Adams street, and from 123 to 125 Jackson street,
between Ferry and Lafayette streets, in this city. They carry
on the industry of manufacturing casters and rollers, and so
thoroughly well known are they, and so honorable have been all
their transactions in the past, their goods find a ready sale all
over the United States and the British Dominion at the North,
while at the same time large quantities are shipped abroad to
meet a rapidly increasing demand for Newark manufactured
goods away over the great sea.

The constantly increasing demand for the goods manufactured
in this Toler establishment has made it necessary to add to its
capacity from time to time, until the present, where they give
steady employment to a large corps of working men, women
and boys, many of the former, from absolutely necessary reasons,
being skilled mechanics and e.xperienced workmen. Of course
the amount of capital employed growing larger as the business
developed, until at this time it has assumed such proportions as

JOHN mi.KR.

upon which to build an industry which would last with life, he
found that nothing promised better and so he fixed upon his old
caster or roller making, into which he at once put his whole
energies, and has continued the business ever since with his sons
and company. The industry being of that character requiring
immense buildings in which to house the plant and machinery'.

The photo views of the works of this great and growing
industry on preceding page, though they do not show their full
extent and proportions as do some of those industries which look
much more pretentious but fall far behind in the value of their
output. The Major, though his recollections are bright, would
hardly recognize some of his output of 1844, when he first began
manufacturing casters for tables and chairs, such marvelous
changes have been wrought, not alone in the increased richness
and value of casters made, but also in their beauty and utility,
much of this having been brought about by the ingenuity of
himself, and several patents having been awarded to him by
Uncle Sam, who is never, or seldom, if ever, slow to recognize
talent in any of his children, and extend a just recognition of
their successful inventions, ever standing ready to throw around
them the aegis of his love and the protecting arms of his power.

iiKXKv 11,1..

would have been truly startling a few years earlier.

Such of the readers of Newark Ii.i.istr.m kd, who are otherwise
interested than in the marvellous growth of this great metropol-
itan industrial city, and desire to study the exact causes which
have led to such a development, and have revealed unto them
the correllation of forces which compelled the aggregation here,
will refer to the illustrated price list of furniture casters, which
the company issued in 1893. In this neatly arranged catalogue
thousands of which are found on merchants' desks, in counting
rooms and manufacturing establishments all over the world.
have said in the plainest possible words, " We manufacture the
best class of goods that it is possible to make for the least possible
money, and our industry is conducted on the highest principles of
honor. We have had nearly a half century of experience, and
have not failed to profit by it." With the amplest facilities
themselves, and with all the assistance which in obedience to the
laws governing manufacturing interests arise from congregation,
it requires only a watchful care to have their beautiful industry
continue to lead the world, and have the neighboring industries
which live and thrive at their doors, echo the response. So say
we all.

'5'^

NEW AI^K. K. /., ILLUSTRATED.

HELLER & BROS.

THE most useful tool
in the world is
acknowledged to be the
file, and the purposes to
which it is adaptable
embrace, not only the
requi r e m e n t s of the
skilled mechanic, but the
wants of almost every
individual inhabitant.
In early days crude files
were constructed from
the dried skin of a pecu-
liar fish ; ne.xt they were
made from copper and
used in working the soft
metals, iron was next
substituted, and this was
finally replaced by steel,
which metal is unsur-
passed for the purpose.

At the present time fully ninety per cent of all the files consumed
are not only cut, but entirely manufactured by machinery. The
file of the present day made by machinery surpasses in every
respect those made by the old and less progresive method.

One of the most enterprising firms engaged in this industry is
the firm of Heller & Bros., of Newark, N. J. These gentlemen
manufacture every description of files and rasps, running in size
from two to thirty inches, and in grade of cut, from twelve teeth
to the inch, up to the number so large that the teeth become so
fine that they are undetected by the naked ej'e, yet will with-
stand the most severe test.

The business of the above firm was started in Newark in a
very small way by Elias Heller, Sr., in 1S36, the trade being
entirely with the consumers of this city and the surrounding
towns. The panic of 1S3S, having compelled him to give up his
business in Newark, he removed to West Orange, but owing to

li.lA.-, ... iiLi.; Ll^

IlIKD'S EVK VIKW OF HKl.LER .>i l,ROTIIEKS' KTI.E .\NI) STEEl, WORKS.

the remoteness of this place as a business centre and his inability
to increase the business to any extent while dealing with the con-
sumers e.\clusively, very little, if an}', progress was made until
1S66, when his three sons, Elias G., Peter J., and Lewis B., took
hold of the business and located at the corner of Mechanic and
Ward streets, Newark, and by their energy and push the busi-
ness commenced to thrive They at once sought to increase the
business by soliciting trade from jobbers and dealers in the hard-
ware trade throughout the United States and Canada, thus
meeting with no end of opposition from both dealer and con-
sumer as they were greatly prejudiced against American files and
rasps, claiming that the home goods could not be made as the
English files and rasps which at this time had the market of this
country, but by perseverance and hard work, introducing here
and there, the firm began to prosper as the consumers began to
realize that the Americans could make as good a file or rasp as
the Englishmen. In 1S72 Lewis B., withdrew from the firm and
in 1S74, owing to their limited quarters in the city, they removed
their plant to the corner of Mt. Prospect and Verona avenues.
With the new works and improved machinery the quality of the
goods was still further improved, but owing to the fact that they
were compelled to buy their steel they did not get as good
results as they wished for, as first-class steel is one of the essen-
tials in the manufacture of a good file or rasp, so in 1S80 they
erected a steel plant for the manufacture of steel for their own
use and now they get the best results attainable in their line as
shown by their steadily increasing trade.

On account of poor health, Peter J. was compelled to retire
from the firm in 1881, thus leaving Elias G., who, with two other
brothers, George E. and John J., and a brother-in-law, Ernest A.
Geoffro)' all of whom had been in the employ of the firm for
many years, assumed Peter J.'s interest thus constituting the
present firm.

In 1SS4, owing to their great success with horse rasps, they
undertook the manufacture of Farrier's tools and to-day they can
offer the public the most complete line of rounding, turning, hand
and driving hammers, pincers, nippers, hoof parers, tongs,
sledges, etc., to be found in the country.

A bird's eye view of their immense works is herewith given
from a sketch drawn on the premises by an eminent artist from
the Moss Engraving Company of New York. No work would be
complete, especially if the industries are under consideration
without a few words being said in regard to what the Heller &
Bros, have accomplished, and much less so if it were an illus-
trated one and did not give such a suberb picture of their great
factory buildings as appear on this page of Newark N. J., Illuj-
TK.viEi). That the factories of the Heller & Bros., erected by this

NEWARK, A'. /., ILLUSTRATED.

■59

enterprising firm on the large plot of
ground adjoining the Xew York and
Greenwood Lake railroad, in the
northern part of Newark, are of truly
representative character, needs but
be seen to verify the declarations. A
few hours cannot be more profitably
spent by the visitor, be he in pursuit
of pleasure or on business bent, than
in looking over the plant of Heller
& Brothers, where a large coq>s of
skilled mechanics are constantly
employed in the manufacture of the
great variety of blacksmiths' tools
for which they are noted all over the
countr)'. As helpmates to their
artists, the Hellers have provided
for their assistance the very best and
latest improved machinery turned
out by the world's work shops, in
order, that in their turn, they may
manufacture for blacksmiths and
farriers, tools and instruments which
are not only made of the very best
material, but so elegantly finished
and artistically burnished as to make
it a real pleasure for the blacksmith's
strong arms to handle them.

The Hellers owe very much of
their high standing as business men

and the world-wide reputation of their manufactured goods,
to the fact, that they have used from the beginning of their
industrial career, only the very best grade of clay crucible cast
steel in their manufacture. The brothers have given to the
making of this clay crucible steel their own personal care and
supervision, thus procuring the much to be desired uniformity of
quality, as well as the high grade of steel so important in the
manufacture of their ever reliable files and tools. The constantly
increasing demand for the tools which the Hellers have made the
past thirty-five years, is prima facia evidence that g<M)d goods
are always wanted and that the best is the cheapest. Supple-
mental to the file industry, which has grown to such immense
proportions under their guidance, the Hellers manufacture clinch
tongs, buffers, shoe knives, crea-sers, fore pinchers, pritchels.
hardies, knives, blacksmith tongs ; cat's head, roonding. hand.

RESIDENCE OF JOH.N" J. HEI.I.ER.

^II'K N< K < 'K 1.1 I \> «.. Ilh I ll'.K.

driving and Heller's own pattern of driving hammers ; fanicr's
pincers, nippers and hoof parers, etc., in the long stretch of
buildings so faithfully portrayed here from sketches made on
the spot.

As the interested visitor, under the chaperoning of one of the
brothers or a painstaking employer, passes from department to
department and from room to room and is shown their special-
ties in the several stages of their progressivencss from the plain
bar of steel or bit of hard wood, to the perfected instrument of
tempered steel with polished handle, finished and packed for
market, and going fcjrth to meet the constantly increasing
demand of users and consumers on the iron and hardware dealers
in the cities, towns and villages all over the United States and
the Canadas, European and Asiatic countries, the great Rus-
sian Empire, the Empire of Japan, far away Australia and the
islands of many seas.

Hard by the factory buildings and on beautiful plots
of ground, the Hellers have built their domiciles and
comfortable homes for themselves and families. The
house of Elias G. Heller occupies the Vilock of ground
on Elwof>d avenue, between Highland avenue and I'arkcr
street. The house of John J. Heller is beautifully
situated on the corner plot of Mt. Prospect and Verona
avenues. The grounds of both residences are fitted up
very artistically and are kept in the orderly way befit-
ting to the dwelling places of gentlemen, who make
business a pleasure and homes a sacred retreat. Here,
on the piazza of either, one can stand as Washington
once did, on these same grounds, and view the land-
scape o'er, since their location is fixed where the eye can
take in with one sweep the tall spires of Xew York city.
Staten Island, the Narrows, Newark bay and the Atlantic
Ocean. No plot or spot of ground being high enough, ex-
cept the top of Orange mountains, to open up such a vista
over which Liberty Enlightening the World presides.
As well as being thorough business men, the Hellers
have acted their part as representive citizens. The head
of the firm has represented his ward as alderman for
several years and is prominently identified with all its
local business, financial and improvement associations.

i6o

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

THE HELLKR &

BIRD'S EYE VIEW

MERZ CO.

OF THE HELLER

PROMINENTLY connected with the numerous interests
which have contributed in placing the city of Newark in
the honored position it now occupies among the manufacturing
cities of the American union, stands the ultramarine blue works of
The Heller & Merz Co. The industry was established with
two small furnaces on River street, in 1S69. The remarkable and
steady growth of the business is mainly due to the push and
energy of the men who for the past quarter of a century have
devoted the best years of their lives to the study and perfection of
this article of varied use, an article made on this continent
only by this firm. It is due to their enterprise that such an
industry was established here and Newark chosen, of all the
length and breadth of the New World, as its locale.

In 1S72, the company looked for more extensive quarters. These
were found at Hamburg Place, where they purchased ten acres
of ground on which have been erected sixteen buildings to date.
In iSSo the firm connected with their rapidly growing business
the manufacturing of aniline colors, the most important being

fuchsine, eosine, blue, rose,
bengal brown, oi-ange, yel-
low, etc. The illustrations
convey to the reader a
birdseye view of the
immense plant. The
ultramarine build-
ing is 225x200 feet,
from which is ship-
ped to the various
cities of the union
an output of thirty
thousand hundred
weight annually.
The " ball blue "
building is 100 x 75
with a capacit}', ac-
cording to quality
made, of from five to
ten thousand pounds
daily. The works are
equipped with every im-
provement. Three power-

FREDERICK HELLER, IDECEASED.)

ful engines with 375 horse power combined, and 44 boilers of
100 horse power each, drive the immense machinery required
to work 168 wet mills, 18 furnaces, and 10 dry mills, necessita-
ting the employment of over 100 workmen.

The Central railroad has a siding 3,000 feet long, connecting
the works with their main line. In 18S5 the entire works were
completely destroyed by fire, and yet, without the interruption of
business for a single day, the buildings and machinery were
replaced within six months. Everything connected with the
plant was put in order, and the old industry opened up under
a new impulse on a grander scale In 18S9 Mr. Heller died,
leaving the care and responsibility of conducting the business to
his partner, Mr. Henry Merz.

Few men, indeed, are endowed with the peculiar faculties
necessary for the conduct of such an industry as this one
described. The continuing of the great work of manufactur-
ing, where the results are onl^- reached through science applied,
without a break or ruffle, when bereft of his main support when
such a tower of strength as Frederick Heller, had fallen by his
side, speaks its own words of praise in a language not to be
misinterpreted or m i s -
understood. A few hour
could not be more pleas-
antl}', and we may say
more profitably spent,

than in looking over

this great establish

ment, a strikingly

beautiful andtruth-

ful representation

of which is seen in

the illustration on

this page, as well

as the photos of

Mr. Frederick

Heller, deceased,

and Mr. H e n r y

Merz. The story of

Newark's features as

a manufacturing cen-
tre is a fact that has

never yet been mi

than half told.

IlENRV MERZ.

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

i6i

IJ. OKLA.XV tS: ^-iOX.

THE spring manufacturing busi-
ness of Daniel Delany &
Son was started in a small way in
iS6i, by D. & P. Delany. That
the business prospered was to be
expected, since those who were en-
gaged in it were practical mechan-
ics as well as careful business men,
and had learned to know a bar of
steel from a fiddle string before it
went into one t)f their furnaces for
the white-red heat, or into the
•C(K)ling trough. Upon the death
of Peter Delany in iS65,an open-
ing was left ff)r Daniel Delany's
son, John M., who came into the
firm with his father, who had suc-
cessfully continued the busines.-^
.alone until January, 1S92, when the
firm became Daniel Delany A.'
Son. Along with his father's me-
chanical abilit}' and extensive
practical experience, the young
man brought an excellent business
education, a firm determination to
prove himself a helpmeet indeed
to his father, he also brought a
level head and strong physic|ue to
meet all engagements and over-
tome obstacles.

A visit to their factory, where are
turned out coach, dray, carriage and wagon steel springs, of all
sizes, grades, styles and finish, and for a great variety of purposes,
indeed, every kind of steel spring in use can l>e seen in course of
•construction except those used on locomotives and railroad cars.

Under the guidance of the polite senior member of the firm, the
writer was ushered into the steel room and given an insight into
the business. Here great piles of steel rolled for the purpose, are
seen waiting a turn for the hungry maw of the great steam shears.

L\KkI\i;E ANli \V\(;i>N STKIXC. WOKKS Ol' 11. DEI. ANY .t SON.

whicli clip the bars into ])icccs of the desired lenglli; next the
pieces were passed through the great rolls, which shapes them
for the close calculating punching machine, which forces the
necessary holes in the "leaves;" the "leaves" then visit the
beading and slotting machines, where with one heat the slots are
sawed and the beads run; then they pass to the fitters, where they
arc made ready for their contact with great grindstones, and for
feeling the touch of the finisher.

JOHN .\l. liKl.ANV.

liANlKl. UEl-ANV.

l62

NElFAJiK, N. /, ILLUSTRATED.
EDW^ARD ZUSI.

"HE subject of this
sketch was born in
Newark in 1S50, and
after receiving a
limited public
school education
he went to work
in a brass foun-
dry on Mechanic
street, at the
age of eleven.
In I S 7 o , h e
1) o u g h t the
small fciundr\'
that he went to
work in as a boy,
which under his
supervision has
grown to be to day
beyond dispute the
foremost and largest
ibbing brass foundry
in this city. He found
it necessary at this
time in order to keep pace with the growth of his establishment to
acquire an education, which he obtained by attending the evening
sessions of a business collage. The line of castings are too varied to
enumerate, including the very smallest kind of work and some of the
largest in all kinds of metals, such as pure copper, brass, composi-
tion, white metal, German silver and alumium.

The accompanying cut of his four story brick building, built by
him in 18S9, will give an idea of the extent of his business. This
sketch is a striking illustration as to what it is possible for a bare-
footed Newark boy to do at home. The secret he claims to be
honesty, hard work, pluck and strict attention to business.

KDWAKLI ZUM.

K. 0<: H. J. DEX'LIX.

INTELLIGENT citizen will dispute the assertion, that the
city of Newark, N. J., is first amongst the cities of the union
in the variety of her industries, the push and enterprise of her manu-
facturers have made it so, and to them the credit is justly due. In

FACTORY OK KliWARD ZUSI, 80 MECHANIC STREET.

FACTORY OF F. S U, J. 1 EVI.IN, EI.M STREET, HETWEEN ADAM AND VAN HLRKN STREET.

glancing carefully over the different
trades we find among the enter-
prising brass workers of the city,
Messrs. F. & H. J. Devlin, brass
founders, whose factory is repre-
sented in the illustration on this page.
These gentlemen are practical men
in their trade and are noted through-
out the country for their antique
designs in furniture ornamentation.
They manufacture every descrii^tinn
of brass composition and metal cast-
ings, and for light or heavy machin-
ists' brass work they are unrivaled.
Their products reach the principal
cities of the country and Mexico, and
the firm makes a specialty of mi.xing
metals for the trade. These New-
arkers are generous, enterprising
and progressive business men, and
have built up an honorable trade
by their fair, straight system of
business.

XEUARK. \. /., ILLUSTRATED.

•f\5

1.. J. I.VOX^ & C()M1'.\.N\

THE manufacture of steam boilers is doubtless the noisiest
business in the world, and it is a thousand chances to one
that the man who listens to the interminable bang, bang the
rattle and batter of hammers, rivets, and the resonant " titito-
witz " given out by the great sheets of copper, steel or sheet iron
for a single decade of years will find that he has lost much of
that acuteness of hearing for which he had been celebrated, but
yet it is one of those necessary industries upon which so many
others hang, and so important is it that boiler making shall be
conducted that giKid men and true must be at helm.

Such are L. J. Lyons & Co.. who have been engaged in the
perilous work of making steam boilers for nearly half a century.

they also build revolving barrels, tanks, dryers and a great variety
of other such goods as are consumed in the conduct of neighbor-
ing industries, machinery making and a great variety of manu-
facturing establishments. The boilers which L. J. Lyons & Co.,
turn out have a reputation as broad as the land they live in, and
when one of their boilers is set up in an establishment there is a
confidence in its strength and utility, which drives away fear of
any weakness which were it otherwise might lead to disastrous
results. The scrupulous care which is exercised while the boiler
is being constructed, and the careful inspection the iron and
rivets have undergone and when the finished product is turned
out and sent away to its destination, give positive evidence that

l'l,.\ST o|- I. J. LYONS \ i(>. I OMMERCE AND CAKAL STREETS.

Not unlike many others among our representative business men
they began business in a small way. having laid their foundations
on solid ground, with honesty as the corner stone and integrity
to cap it they have reared a suf>erstructure in business achieve-
ments unexcelled. To be sure they have made a great deal of
noise in the conduct of their business, but it has been done with-
out bluster or show. That the reader may be convinced of this,
he has only first to scan with care the photo view on this page,
and then visit the large concern at Commerce and Canal
streets, where the immense business of boiler making is carried
on. Here it is that the plant of L. J. Lyons ic Co.. is so modestly
housed, which consists of all the verj- best and latest improved
machinery and appliances, and where a large corps of experi-
enced mechanics and careful workmen are employed in the
making of steam boilers, of all grades, of all sizes and an
immense variety of patterns in order to meet the mighty demand
for their excellent productions. As well as the thoroughly
rivetted boiler to hold the giant steam and check its rantings

the boiler, be it large or small, will remain unshaken under tlie
pressure and strain which it will be called upon to bear. It may
be truly said that the industry of boiler making as carried on by
this well-known and highly responsible firm has played a verj-
important part in the history of Newark's manufacturing great-
ness. Thousands of boilers have been wheeled away from their
factory, some of them as large as a small house, yet we have to
hear of the first accident which can be chargeable to faulty con-
struction, or baseness of material used or which can in any way
be brought to the doors of L. J. Lyons & Co.

Such in brief is the record which this firm, which is composed
of Messrs. L. J. Lyons and Owen McCabe. who are well-known
in the boiler industry of the city of Newark, and are esteemed as
honorable citizens has to present. For years their works have
had all they could do to fill orders, so confiding has the public
become in the honesty, integrity and high order of workmanship
of this old and reliable firm, they know that the order has only to
be left and the work will be done, and well done.

164

NFAVARK, N. J . ILLUSTRATED

Charles Cooper iS: Co.

WOJl

THE illustrations on this and the follow-
ing page represent the works of
Charles Cooper & Co. , manufacturing
chemists. They are situated at the South
end of Newark, between VanBuren, San-
ford, Clifford, South and Thomas streets
and Bay avenue. Three city blocks are
covered with their extensive manufacturing
establishment, known to the Newarker as
" The chemical works," to the trades as
Charles Cooper and Company's laboratories
for the manufacture of fine chemicals.

Being located on the Pennsylvania rail-
road, Waverly and Passaic division, the
bulk of the goods as well as raw materials is
handled by the trains of that company and
but few have an idea of the extent of busi-
ness, which is carried on from this point of
the old tenth ward throughout the United
States, and foreign countries.

When Mr. Charles Cooper in 1S57, com-
menced to manufacture a few chemicals for photographers, he
occupied one floor in Chatham street, New York, and employed five
men. When after thirty years of activity he retired from business
the present large works had grown from the modest nucleus in
Chatham street, and now ranks first among chemical manu-
facturing firms.

On January i, 1S67, the pre.-ient senior partner, Mr. Jacob
Kleinhans had joined hands with Mr. Cooper and a few years
later Mr. John B. Stobaeus entered the firm.

By that time the young house had outgrown its Chatham street
shell and the extended business de.nandecl better fa'jilities.
After a most careful consideration the firm decided to put up a
new factory in Newark, N. J., having in view the excellent rail-
road facilities and the growing industrial prosperity of that city.
At the same time, the office and ware houses were moved to its
present location, the five story brick building. No. 194 Worth
street. New York, under the charge of Mr. Kleinhans and Mr.
Cooper (the latter retired in 1SS7) with a staff of about thirty men,
tending to the rapidly growing commercial part of the firm, while
Mr. John B. Stobaeus assumed entire charge of the manufactur-
ing department. The present immense establishments were

AT WEWaJEEK:, I!STEr5<)r JKiRSEY'.

erected to keep up with the demands made upon the New York
house from all parts of the world. Eight large boilers transform
the energy of the black diamonds of Lehigh Valley into heat
and motive power, and about 200 men, with a staff of chemists,
engineers and electricians, are busy, to produce the great variety
of goods, of which a glance over the firms price list will convey
an idea to the reader.

The works, mostly brick structures, are steam heated and have
electric lights throughout, a net work of steam, water and air
pipes facilitate the carrying on the chemical processes for pro-
duction. Huge Corliss engines furnish the power, superheated
steam is the source of heat, 'and powerful air blowers are
employed for ventilation as well as for the smelting furnaces.

The goods produced in the establishment may be grouped
according to their use by the various industries.

PiroTOGR.\PHv. — A full line of chemicals for this art, up to the
latest improvements and novelties in printing and developing.
Headquarters for nitrate of silver, gold preparatians and refining
photographers' waste. All kinds of collodion and all grades of
soluble cotton, sulphurous acid, sulphite, bi-sulphite and meta
bisulphite of soda and pottassium.

JACIIli KLEINHANS.

JOHN 1-. STOHAEIS.

NEWARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

■65

Mktai. Gim)I>s and Pi.AiiNi;. — Suiphuric acid of all strengths,
nitric acid free of impurities, nickel anodes free of iron and cop-
per, gold and silver anodes ; a full line of nickel, copper, mercurj',
silver, gold, platinum preparations for platers use. bisulphite
soda, epsom salt, citric, chromic acid, acid for dipping, cyanide of
potassium. C. P. and comm., sulphide of potassium.

Mi.NKKAi. Watkk Ma.mi'aiti rers ani> DRri;c:isrs— All prepara-
tions for artificial mineral waters in a chemical pure state, oil of
vitriol, chemically pure acids, epsom salts, free of chlorine,
liquefied carbonic acid in steel cylinders. Complete outfits for
mineral water manufacturers.

Bkfwkries. — Anhydrous ammonia, aqua ammonia. Complete
outfits for treatment of beer with liquefied carbonic acid,
bi-sulphite of lime solution for disinfecting.

Gi.a.ss Sii.vKREKs. — Chemically pure ammonia, nitrate silver,
citric and tartaric acids, cryst and fused, etc.

Varmsk MA.NiK.vtTiREKS. Soluble cotton ether, methvl, ethyl.

ture is about i,(xx) pounds. One cylinder is sufficient to empty
50 to 100 kegs of beer, according to their distance from the dis-
pensing faucet. The apparatus consists of a reducing valve,
bracket, wrench, twelve feet of rubber tubing, copper wire, two
vent valves and one cylinder carbonic acid, and costs S35. Extra
cylinders are S12 each, and SS are allowed for returned empties,
making the gas S4 net per cylinder. The firm pay railroad freight
both ways, and willingly give a thirty days' trial, with the under-
standing that the gas thus used, is paid for. Among the advan-
tages of the liquefied carbonic acid gas are the following ; The
l)eer retains its effervescence, refreshing taste and wholcsomeness
to the last drop, even if on tap for weeks. Flat beer will improve
while on tap. No bad air from cellar or bar-room is admitted
into the cask, as is done by air and water pumps. The contents
of the cask can be used to the last drop. Under carbonic acid
pressure, beer leaves no settlings in the conducting pipes. Ice is
saved, as by the transition of the litiuid carbonic acid into gas

CII.\K1.E.S COOl'lCR A: CO., KKW OIEMIC.VL lU'II.DlNllS. (.\C1I) WOKK.S.i

propyl, amyl, alcohol, amylacetate, fusel oil, bi-sulphide
of carbon, hydrocarbons, borate of maganese, gums,
resinates, etc.

Jkwei.ers and assavers. — Bone ash, borax in all forms, soda
ash, fluoric and white acids, all mineral acids, parting acid,
nitrate of soda and potass, refining of jewelers clippings and
waste.

The firm is the largest house in the United States for soluble
cotton, ether and alcohols, liquefied carbonic acid, nitrate of
silver, anhydrous ammonia, aqua ammonia, bi-sulphide of
carbon and every description of anodes.

One of the leading specialties is liquefied carbonic acid gas, the
firm being the first to produce this article in the United States on
a commercial scale. It is used for carbonating water (soda water)
and for drawing lager beer and other malt beverages, and the
firm offers to the trade the simplest and cheapest contrivance to
draw beer under carbonic acid gas pressure. They furnish lique-
fied carbonic acid gas absolutely pure, in steel cylinders, tested
to 4,000 pounds while the actual pressure, in average tempera-

cold is produced. The largest cask can be used without any
danger of the beer becoming flat. The expense for gas is fully
repaid by the greater number of glasses drawn from a keg which
is under carbonic acid pressure ; practical experience having
taught that from one to two gallons more can be drawn from a
half barrel under carbonic acid pressure, than with any of the old
methods. Stock ale and porter kept under carbonic acid pressure
improve materially. The apixiratus does not require any
attention, nor does it get out of order.

Another specialty made, is anhydrous ammonia of superior
grade, last year's products having an average of 99 90-100 per
cent, of N. H.-' gas, or only one-tenth of one per cent, non-volatile
matter. A large stock is carried, from which the trade is supplied
at shortest notice and at most favorable rates.

Messrs. Kleinhans and Stobaeus are natives of Germany, and
are widely known and very highly and deservedly esteemed
by the citizens of Newark, alike in business and social circles,
having come here thirty-nine years ago, and enjoy the confi-
dence of the entire community.

i66

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

THE NEWARK ELECTRIC LIGHT AND
POWER COMPANY.

BUT few years have passed since the great
Franklin solved the problem of electricity, and
opened the way for a line of illustrious successors to
build up an institution, at the head of which stands
this subtle agent which is revolutionizing the
methods of communication, propelling machinery
and lighting the world. The first fruit of the great
discovery of the fact that the bright flashes of light-
ning playing along the summer cloud, could be
utilized to man's help, and the world's purposes, was
made fully apparent through the genius of A. Morse,
in the click of the telegraph, which his master mind
evolved to startle the nations. Next came forth the
wonderful fact from the workshops and laboratories
that the bright flashes could be so subdued as to give
a steady bright light to take its place by the side of
that grand old illuminator of the years, which had
been wrung from the finest of the Pennsylvania coal
mines. Last though not least of the purposes to
which this wonderful agent was next applied was the
propulsion of machines and machinery through the
medium of those wonderful evolutions of genius, the
motor and dynamo. Hardl}' a single decade of )-ears
has passed since the bare possibilit)- of lighting a city
or dwelling with electric lights, was mooted, yet to-
day, as the shades of night shut down the highways
and byways, the boudoir and parlor are made as light
as day, and all over the progressive world the buzz of
the dynamo is heard and the electric motor is per-
forming its wonderful work.

All this has been made possible by men of capital,
who dared to risk it in upholding the work of genius.
Among these who led oif with better spirit and with a
greater readiness to do and dare in a work of
progress, that had within it the element of helpful-
ness, that needed but the application of that indom-
itable spirit of push which is the birthright and
possession of so many of Newark's business men.

It was right here in the city of Newark where the
evolvements in electrical science were made, and
where its application to the many uses and purposes to which it
is applied, had their first culmination, and the full realization of
the grandeur of the industry which has led to its development
and general adoption for lighting and power purposes.

The Newark Electric Light and Power Company, which takes
a leading position in this industrj', was organized in iSSo, and
incorporated January 20, 1S81.

The first plant was begun late in the same year and business
started in the spring of 18S2. The first lights were run from the
Weston factory at Orange and Plane streets until the completion
of its station No. i, located at No. 25 to 33 Mechanic street.

After the business had gotten fairly started, this plant became
inadequate to its demands, so that additions were made and in
spring of 1887, the building was enlarged, which more than
doubled its capacity. This station has a frontage of 125 feet on
Mechanic street and is 95 feet deep and has a capacity of 1,000
horse power. Horizontal tubular boilers and Corliss engines are
used.

In September 1SS9, this company acquired control of the
Newark Schuyler Electric Light Company which was then oper-
ating a plant at rear of S05-S13 Broad street. The steady
increase in the amount of business soon brought these stations to
a crowded condition, so that further extensions became necessary
and the company began to look about for a suitable location
where the necessarj- space could be obtained, so that, if it
seemed advisable, its entire plant could be consolidated in one.

THE ELECTRIC I.IGHTINT, PI,.\NT ON MECHANIC STREET.

With this end in view, negotiations were entered into and in
May iSgo, the company secured a desirable piece of real estate
lying between the Pennsylvania railroad and the Passaic river,
adjoining the city dock. In June, this company bought out The
Thomson-Houston Electric Company, which was operating at
rear of no Market street. Work was begun in the autumn of
that year on a new station on the property just purchased. This
station was started early in 1891.

The building covers go x 130 feet and is fireproof throughout.
The machinery used is of the most modern types, the boilers
being of the Morrin's climax and engines of Mcintosh & Seymour,
Ball and Westinghouse makes. Condensing apparatus was
furnished by Conover and Worthington.

Additional engines, boilers and machinerj- have since been
added making present capacity of this plant 2,500 horse
power.

The property has a frontage of 350 feet each on River and
Pennsj-lvania railroad, and will provide sufficient room for a
plant of more than four times the capacity of the present one.
Negotiations are under way for the purchase of additional
apparatus which will be added as the needs of business require.

The Newark Electric Light and Power Company was originally
started as a sub-company of The United States Electric Lighting
Company, and a large number of the same gentlemen were
interested in both concerns. In consequence of this close
connection, the Newark Companj- began operating under a

XEirARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

.67

license from the latter cimipany, and the entire electrical equip-
ment of the Mechanic Street Station, as at first installed, was of
the United States system.

The Newark Company was also appointed agent for part of
New Jersey for this system, and through it numerous small
isolated plants were installed for lighting factories and other
buildings After several years experience, however, it was shown
that some other systems could be used to good advantage, so that
it was decided to terminate the license with the United States
Electric Lighting Company, and to use whatever apparatus that

Thomson- Houston systems for arc lighting, are now most
extensively used.

This company started business with an authorized capital of
$200,000, but same was increased in 1890, to $500,000 and in
1802 to Si .000,000. These increases in capital were made to
provide for the purchase of the other companies mentioned, to
retire a bonded debt which existed, and to provide for the pur-
chase of a new plant and extensions of lines, etc.

The first president was Mr. Theodore JIacknet. He was suc-
ceeded by Mr. George B. Jenkinson, who in turn gave place in

THE I:LECTRIC UGHTING plant OM the PASSAIC RIVER.

seemed best. In consequence of this change the alternating
system of incandescent lighting was put in, and as this proved
superior to the old, or direct current system, it was adopted, and
all incandescent lights were changed to this system, which not
only gives a steadier and more even light, but requires smaller
wires to transmit current for same, and permits of lighting at
much greater distances. The Company is now lighting the
village ot Irvington in this manner— a distance of over four miles
from its stations — and is prepared to furnish light to other neigh-
boring towns within a similar radius.
The Westinghouse alternating for incandescent, and the

December, 18S7, to the present incumbent of that office.

The officers and directors of 1S93 are as follows : John D. Har-
rison, president ; Philip N. Jackson, vice-president and mana-
ger; Samuel S. Dennis, treasurer ; Abram C. Denman, secretary;
Dudley Farrand, assistant secretary ; and John J. Gaflfney,
superintendent.

DiKF.ci'OKs.— Thomas T. Kinney, William M. Clark, Abram C.
Denman, Samuel S. Dennis, F. .S.Douglass, Charles H. Harrison,
John D. Harrison, George W. Hebard, F. Wolcott Jackson,
Philip X. Jackson, Samuel Klotz, Gottfried Krueger, B. M. Shan-
ley, James Stokes, and Dudley Farrand

i68

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

A T. STEFFENS & CO.

TH E saddlery hardware
industry of Newark is
justly recognized to be among
the most stable of any city in
the world. The reputation of
the firms who are engaged in
the trade is tried and trust.
worthy, while the volumes of
this business and the large
amount of capital handled by
manufacturers, jobbers a n d
dealers, invariably with the
result of honor, at once serves
as a complete endorsement of
the integrity of the men who
are engaged in the mdustry.

The firm of A. T. Steffens &
Co. succeeded the business
established by Kelh- & Petry in
1S75. It consists of Messrs.
August T. Steffens, Joseph O.
Amberg and Jacob I. Amberg.
These citizens give their per-
sonal attention to the manufac-
ture of a general line of sad-
dlery hardware, nickel, brass,
and imitation rubber goods,
and make a specialty of pro-
ducing iron gig and coach hames, for which the house is generally
noted throughout the States.

EDW^ARD JK. W^HITEHOUSE.

THE enterprise of her citizens in manufacturing pursuits has
been most beneficial to an industrial community like that
gathered in the city of Newark. In this connection attention is

T. STEFFENS S: CO., 260-266 MORRIS .WEXUE.

called to Mr. Edward A. Whitehouse, saddlery hardware manu-
facturer, whose striking photo forms one of the illustrations here-
with given. This enterprising citizen commenced business in a
small way, with but one workman to assist him, in i8S8, and at
present is able to turn out of his entensive workshop, located at
Nos. S3 and 85 Mechanic street, large consignments of the finest
grades of harness mountings, with a general line of saddlerj- hard-
ware. Mr. Whitehouse is a practical mechanic

CIAV.VRD .\. VVIIITEHUUSE.

.\lt.\.\l K,\.\>.

NEWARK, X. /, ILLUSTRATED.
A.UAM IvAAtS.

169

THE nianufactiiring of fine harness ornaments, letters, mono-
.icrams, etc., is one o£ the noted industries of the city, and
■has been so for nearly a century. Mr. Adam Kaas, whose
portrait is shown on the opjjosite page, is a worthy representative
of the trade, and has been engaged in the business for twenty-
five vears. His factorv is located at No. 2.S0 Jfarket street.

Mr. Kaas is an ornament maker by trade, and he is noted
principally for the fine grade of goods which he is able to
produce. In this line he has but few rivals. The products of
his factory reach the leading cities of the country, and have won
for him a large and lucrative business.

THE C. S. OSBORNE CO.

THE C. S. OSBORXE COMPANY was established in 1S26 by
Joseph English ; succeeded by \Vm. Dodd & Co, in 1856 ;
C. S. Osborne in 185S ; C. S. Osborne & Co. in 1S61, and by C. S.
Osborne & Co., incorporated, in 18S9, with C. S. Osborne as
president, and Walter D. Osborne as treasurer. Through the
untiring efforts of its managers, and principally through Mr. C. S.
Osborne, the business has grown marvellously, so that this house
is the largest of the kind in the world.

They manufacture saddlers', harness makers' and carriage
trimmers' tools, and their tools are in use in every country on the
globe. It is the rule of this house to employ the most skilled
labor, and to use the best materials only in the manufacture of
their products. In addition to this, their dealings with their
customers have been so satisfactory and agreeable that it has
won for them a greater and better reputation in the trade than
any house in its line of business.

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

AUG. GOERTZ & CO.

THE manufacture of brass and metal goods
and kindred articles constitutes one of
the great branches of industrial pursuits for
which the city of Newark is widely noted, and
it may also be observed in this connection, that
as yet, this branch of trade is confined to a few
enterprising houses, prominently among whom
may be mentioned the firm of August Goertz
& Co., whose works are herewith given in the
beautiful illustrations, which are taken from
nature by the powerful eye of the photog-
rapher's camera. The industry was estab-
lished in i8Si by August Goertz, Edward
Wester and Edward Knecht, in a very small
way with a limited capital, and by push and
enterprise, with unrivaled workmanship, the
struggling firm soon built up a flourishing
trade, which has continued to grow apace until
at the present writing — 1892— it has attained
most substantial proportions. The works,
located at Nos. 27S to 2S4 Morris avenue, near
South Orange avenue, are admirably equipped
with all the latest and most improved machinery
and appliances adapted to the manufacturing
of every description of purse, bag and pocket-
book frames, from the cheapest to the most costly grades of
copper, nickel, silver and gold plate, aluminum, etc. Also every
kind of fancy metal goods, trimmings and novelties, for which
the house is so famous. The firm employs 250 hands and make a
specialty of gold and silver artistic designs that are noted for
their quality and workmanship. Many of them which are now
being produced were designed and patented by Mr. Goertz in
person, and are worthy of special mention on account of their
beautiful and delicate shades. The output of the firm commands

AUGl'ST GOKKIZ.

iLl'WAKIt WESIKR,

AUG. GOEKTZ «: CO., 27S— .284 .MOKklb AVENUE.

a ready sale throughout the cities of the United States and Can-
ada. The present firm is composed of Messrs. August Goertz and
Edward Wester, Mr. Knecht having died in 1890. The former
devotes his energies to the outstde affairs of the company, and
the latter, Mr. Wester, superintends the manufacturing depart-
ments at the works.

The success attending the firm is due in a great measure to the
special and careful attention given to all orders, always quoting
the lowest possible prices consistent with the character of the
workmanship and the quality of material.
The firm, by reason of its unexcelled facilities,
is now in a position to offer the most liberal
inducements to the trade.

Parties unacquainted with the manipulations
of metals can hardly realize the fact of the
stupendous changes through which they are
forced to pass in bringing up the cold hard pro-
ducts of the mine from the state of nature to
the conditions they must reach before conver
sion by chemical changes and artistic touches
into articles of utility. Probably no one agency
goes farther in rendering metals made use of
in manufacturing articles for man's purposes
and the world's uses, than that of heat or fire,
since nearly all are forced to pass through this
great leveling, purifying element. The ever
startling processes, as witnessed by the novice
as he walks with fear and trembling through the
great factories where the work is going on,
causes a twinkle of merriment to lay around
the eye of the artizan, which is ever on the
alert as the acts of manufacturing pass before
his educated gaze, the least variation from the
true line of which is caught at a glance. Even
his ear, educated to the sounds proceeding
from furnace or pan, recognizes the still small
voice speaking the word of warning from the
fiery depths of the roaring furnaces, of prepar-
ations or purification, when the baser parts are
cleansed away, departing as dross, while the
pure moulten metal flows into cunningly pre-
pared moulds fashioned by delicate fingers in
sand from the low ground of " succoth " (per-
haps) arranged to receive it.

NElfARK, A'. J , ILLUSTRATED.

JOSEPH BAUDVVIX & CO.

FOR many years the saddlery hardware industry- has been one
of the most important trades carried on in the city of
Newark. Few persons glancing through the pages of this illus-
trated work stop to consider what a mighty change has been
wrought in the past half a century. The development of the
city's industries has been above the ordinary progress and
advancement of the nineteenth century, and especially does this
assertion apply to the enterprise displayed in the manufacturing
pursuits. Revert back to the year 1S46, and how few of the many
present enterprises held sway or existed. Yet there were some,
a notable example of which is the old established and time-
honored house of Messrs. Joseph Baldwin & Co. No. 254 Market
street. This business was established in 1S46, by Alexander

Barclay and Joseph Bald-
win, under the firm name
of Alexander Barclay
& Co. , who were
among the pioneers
in the saddlery
and coach hard-
ware trade in the
town, which, as
many of the
older residents
remember, was
located on Fair
street, near
Broad. At that
tim.e the oldest
house in the
business w a s
Mr. Stephen B.
Sturges and Mr.
Seth Boy den,
whose factory was
on Mulberry street,
near Boudinot street.
This was at that time
the most noted house in
the town where many
prominent Newark manu-
facturers learned the trade. Since that date building improve-
ments have erased many of the old landmarks, but the prominent
career of the firm of Joseph Baldwin & Co. has, to an extent, per-
petuated the early view in the memory of many.

In 1864 Alexander Perry Baldwin succeeded his father in the
management, and Mr. David Martin, a brother-in-law, and an
enterprising gentleman of wide business experience, was admitted
to partnership, under the old time-honored name of Joseph
Baldwin & Co. The plant and a phr)to of its founder is herewith
given in the illustrations so truthfully displayed on this page.

The house has been so long and successfully engaged in manu-
facturing saddler}- hardware, including a line of bits, spurs and
chains, that its products in this line are the recognized standard
of the trade, and are used by the leading turfmen of the country.

JOSKl'H BAI.nWlN, Kil .\UtK.

OSCAR -WIENER.

FEW men have done more in all probability to uphold and
retain the saddlery hardware manufacturing industrj- in the
city of Newark than the gentleman whom we have now under
consideration— Oscar Wiener, Esq.,— a speaking photograph of
whom may be seen on this page. He began the industry in 1859,
and has continued to conduct it ever since with a success of
which any man may well feel proud. His factories are located at
Nos. 87 and 89 Mechanic street, on the very spot where, in the
smallest kind of a way, he began what has grown up under his
own personal tutelage, care and management, an industry which

B.XLnWIX )S CO., ^54 MARKET STRKKT.

is probably superior to anything in the line carried on in the city
of Newark, and perhaps in the United States. Out of his factory
go a class of goods of such a high character that they have only
to be appreciated, and make their own market wherever saddlery
hardware is sold or consumed.

Oscar Wiener is thoroughly well known throughout the city
and State, and has a high standing among the fraternal beneficial
associations of the same, being a worthy representative, and
wherever known is highly respected.

OSCAR WIp;XER.

.VEIIA/^A', A'. /., ILIUSTRATED.

CHARLES H PELL.

OLIVER DRAKE.

DRAKE & CO.

THE practice of patent law is ably represented in the city of
Newark by the firm of Drake h Co. , whose offices are located
at No. 789 Broad street. As attorneys and solicitors of American
and foreign patents, and as experts in patent causes, this firm
have an established reputation and the most extensive practice of
any others in their profession in the State of New Jersey. The
senior member of the firm, Mr. Oliver Drake, established himself
here in the practice of his profession in 1S64, and in 1879 the
present firm was organized by the admission to partnership of
Mr. Charles H. Pell. No firm stands better before the United
States Patent Office, or can secure fairer treatment by its officials.
The importance which attaches to the patenting of inventions in
this country is evidenced by the fact that during the existence of
this firm the number of patents issued by the U. S. Patent Office
has increased from about 41,000 in 1S64, to 470,000 at the present
time, Feb. 23, iSg2. and New Jersey stands near the head of the
list in respect to the number of inventors and patentees.

The members of the firm are recognized as able, scientific and
successful attorneys and experts, and possess every possible
facility for conducting every branch of patent law under the most
favorable auspices and upon the most satisfactory terms. Their
practice relates to the preparation of specifications and drawings,
to the making of preliminary examinations as to the patentability
of an invention, and to the preparation and filing of applications
for patents, reissues, designs, trademarks and labels, and to every
item of service necessary to the successful prosecution of the
inventor's application down to the time the patent is granted and
issued by the office. They have clients in ail parts of the United
States, and many of the leading manufacturers of Newark employ
their services exclusively. Mr. Drake is a native of New Jersey,
and one of the best known patent attorneys in the country. Mr.
Pell was born in New York, and combines with Mr. Drake to-
form a firm, popular with all and sound to the core.

THE CEXXR.A.L ST^AMRINO CO.

THE Central Stamping Company is the largest and oldesf
establishment of its kind in the United States. It has
several large manufactories, employing many hundreds of
operatives. The Newark branch (shown upon the opposite page)
has been in existence some fifty years, and produces a vast
amount of sheet-metal wares for household, farm and dairy use.
It has been identified closely with the growth of Newark, and it
has contributed no small part of our growth and prosperity. The
offices are situated at Nos. 23 and 25 Cliff street. New York, with
which all the factories are connected by telephone.

Our townsman, Jlr. George W. Ketcham. is secretary and
treasurer, as well as one of the Directors of the Central Stamping
Company. He is well known in Newark, having serve! the city
as School Commissioner, Councilman and as a Member of
Assembly, in all of which capacities he devoted himself to the
extension of public improvements. He was the originator of the
present bountiful water supply, having in the spring of 1SS9.
while a meml)er of the Council, introduced the resolution which
culminated in the joint action of the Common Council and the
Aqueduct Board.

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

"73

174

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

W.^LTER L. STvXRR.

THE name of Walter L. Starr is at
present connected with the manufac-
ture of hardware specialties, into which line
of business he has recently entered. The
industry is located on Passaic avenue, near
the Paterson depot of the Erie Railroad in
this city. The plant is shown in the illus-
trations on this page. Mr. Starr is perhaps
one of the oldest citizens of Newark, who
was formerh' identified with the saddlery
hardware trade, especially the close plating
branch of the industry, from which he has
severed his connection to enter upon the
manufacture of several hardware specialties.

CHA.RLK^s Xr. Theberath.

THE city of Newark, New Jersey, has
attained the peerless position it now
occupies among the great Industrial cities
of the American Union, mainly through the
enexcelled quality of its manufactured pro-
ducts. There are but few, if any known markets in the world,
but what have received consignments of one kind or another, that
have been produced in some of the numerous plants erected by
its enterprising ciiizens.

In this connection Mr. Charles M. Theberath, a photo of whom
is given herewith, is worthy of special mention. This energetic
and public spirited citizen, having been identified with the
manufacturing of fine harness mountings during the past thirty
years, and has with honor ably represented his fellow citizens
in the Board of Freeholders, for eight years in the Common
Council, and also as a delegate to the Chicago Convention, and
on the electoral ticket of Essex countj' in 1880, and also as
trustee of the City Home.

WALTER L. STARR X CO.

AUOUST BUERMAiNN.

THE saddlery hardware interests of the city have been prom-
inent among her industries during the past century, and
have more than held their own in the trade markets of the countrj-.
This is due largely to the push and enterprise of the men who
have in the past, and are now engaged in the trade.

The house over which Mr. Buermann presides was established in
1846, and is located at Nos. 37 and 39 New Jersey Railroad avenue
Its products consist of Californian, Mexican and South American
bits, spurs, stirrups, etc., which are noted all over the Western
continent for their design and workmanship. The only medals
and diplomas were awarded to August Buermann, on bits and
spurs, b)- the Centennial Commission, Philadelphia, 1876, and at
the World's Industrial Exposition, New Orleans, 1SS4-5.

^B^* .

In • ^^^^^B ' " ^^^^^^^B^

CiiAKI.L? M. IllEBERATH,

Al.\iUST liLtR.MAN.N.

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

'75

INrEKIOR VrEVV, U'll.l.lAM DIXON * CO., BRUSH MANLFACTIRERS.

WILLIAM mxON <S: CO.

THKcityof Newark, New Jersey, is known far and wide for
the variety and character of its manufacturing interests,
and the products of its numerous establishments are sold in
nearly every market of the world. The brush industry stands
unrivaled by that of any other city in the country-, and its
products in this line are acknowledged to be the best in quality,
.style and workmanship, that can be found in the marts of trade.
One of the oldest established, and most progressive, and best
known houses engaged in this line of manufacturing, is that of
William Dixon & Co. located at Nos. 84, S6 and SS Mechanic
street. An interior view of the works is herewith prrKluccd
from a photograph. The industry- was founded in 1S57 by Mr.
IJixon. The works are fitted up with every improvement known
to the trade. A large force of hands are constantly employed in
making calcimine, whitewa.sh, paint, varnish, scrubbing, dusting,
stove, shoe and horse brushes ; jewelers', silversmiths", platers'.

dentists', watchcase makers' brushes and buffs ; wire scratch and
matting brushes ; brushes for leather, table oilcloth, saddlery
hardware, hats, trunk, manufacturers, etc. Brushes of every
descriptiim are carefully made to order of the very best material,
and finished in a style that is creditable to the firm. In 1S92 Mr.
Thomas H. Pollock was admitted into the busmess under the
present firm name. Both gentlemen are practical mechanics in
the trade, and have a thorough knowledge of the brush industry.
The house is well and favorably known. Mr. Pollock is a veteran
of the late war and a member of (iarfield Post, No. 4, G. A. R.
Me represented the citizens of Newark in the State Legislature
in iSqo and iSgt.

The products of the firm have acquired an enviable reputation
for excellence, and the trademark of William Dixon & Co. at the
head of an invoice of brushes is generally regarded by the buyer
as a sufficient guarantee of the quality of the goods.

WILLIAM DIXOS.

TIIO.MAS H. POLLOCK.

176

NEWARK, X. J., ILLUSTRATED.

KDWAKIi I'. IMXl'N, I'.Rl"!ill jMANUKACTL KEK .

THOMAS LINNKIT, JK.

EDWARD F-. DI>CON.

THOMAS LINNEXT, Jr.

DURING the past thirty-five years the brush industry of the
city has been honorably represented by Mr. Edward Dixon,
whose photo forms an ilUistration on this page. This enterprising
citizen established the bu,siness in a small way, in 185S, and is at
present at the head of the brush manufacturing firm known as
Dixon & Rippel, located at No. 50 Market street, where brushes
of ever)- description are produced from the best material, and
finished in a style that is creditable to
the trade of which Mr. Dixon is a
•worthy representative.

Tiio:

KRAXIv IvEULOGG.

THE Essex Lead Works, Frank
Kellogg, proprietor, manufac-
turers of lead pipe and sheet lead, and
dealers in plumbing and sanitary
goods, was established by the present
proprietor twelve years ago. It was
then, and is still, the only manufac-
turing plant of its kind in this State.
The premises occupied are situated
at Nos. 45 and 47 Mechanic, between
Broad and Mulberry streets, Newark,
N. J. The building is of brick and
stone, 40x100 feet, and four stories
high, and contains warerooms and
factory. The plant is thoroughly
equipped with every facility needed
in the business, including a 100 horse
power Babcock and Wilcox boiler and
engine. This house makes a specialty
of lead pipe and sheet lead, but they
carry a large stock of plumbing sani-
tary goods, as also gas and steam-
fitters' and machinists' supplies.

MAS LINXETT, Jr. , was born in Newark, New Jersey,
ne 2g, 1S54. After graduating from our public schools
he entered the employ of J. H. Kirkpatrick. then a leading shirt
manufacturer, in whose employ he learned the business.

In 187S he formed a partnership with Charles B. Jolley, under
the firm name of Jolley & Linnett, at 165 Market street, in a
back room and with about a half dozen operators.

In 1S82 the interest of Mr. Jolley
was bought out b)- Mr. Linnett, and
the firm of Thomas Linnett, Jr., &
Co. was formed, with Mr. Charles P.
Marsh as the junior member. The)-
extended the business so that they
required the btiildings Nos. 165 and 167
Market street, occupying five floors.

In iSSS they remov-ed to Nos. 45
and 47 Mechanic street. Mr. Louis
Marbe was then admitted to the firm,
under the name fif Linnett, Marbe &
Co., which continued until January
iSi)o, when the interest of the part-
ners was bought out by Mr. Linnett,
who continued the business under
the name of Thomas Linnett Manu-
facturing Company.

The business was incorporated
August :o, 1S91, under the laws of
Massachusetts, with a paid-up capital
of $25,000. The following gentlemen
are officers of the company : Thos.
Linnett, Jr., president; Jos. D. Ward,
secretary ; Frank Coenen, treasurer.

A factory 50x100 feet, three stories
high, was built at Adams, Mass ,
where 200 hands find employment.
The office is retained at No. 44
Mechanic street. Newark, N. J.

XEllARK, y. y., ILLUSTRATED,

1/7

MACIIINI-: SHOP OF L'HAKI.KS BCRROUCiHS,

COMMEKCK STREKT.

CIIAKI.KS HLIKROI •< rHS.

MR CHARLKS BURROl'C.HS started in the machine bHsi^e^s
in September 1S75, and in 1SS4, his increasing business com-
pelled him to erect his present shop at Xos. 141 to 149 Commerce
street. The building as shown in the above cut is a two story brick
structure, the main floor being used by the office in front and the
extreme rear by engine rtxini and blacksmith department. The
centre or main lloor is occupied by the heavy machinery, the second
floor for the lighter machines and for special work requiring a cer-
tain amount of privacy. Adjacent to the main building he also
erected a two story brick building which is used only for the storage
of patterns.

Mr. Burroughs has not neglected any opportunity to provide himself
with the latest improved machinery, and at present there is not a
shop in the state that is better ecpiiijped for his line of work. Among
his specialties are hydraulic presses of any dimensions and dumps
of ail descriptions, screw presses, dies or models. He also makes
a specialty of designing and manufacturing all kinds of machinery.

J. L. SOIVIMER.

Pearl street in the city of Ne.vark. The excellent photo of
Mr. Sommei- ton"-; one of the illustrations on this page.

LIKE the refreshing shower of a hot summer afternoon, starting
into new life the parched earth and causing vegetation to leap
for joy under its influences, so came the little button hook, bringing
benizens of comfort to fair women and thankfulness to strong men. Its
precious influence for good was immediately felt everywhere, while
this is but one among the many thousands of useful inventions which
are the fruit of the genius of Newark men and mechanics, its manu-
facture along with other novelties in wire, opens up a wide field of
industry. Among those engaged in the manufacture of the labor
saving, time utilizing and patience soothing button hook, is J. L.
Sommer, Esq., whose establishment is located at Nos. 14. 16 and iS

J, 1.. SCIMMIK.

178

NEWARK. X. /., ILLUSTRATED
ATHA & HUGHES.

ONE of the most useful and highly important industries
successfully carried on for the past forty-two years in the
city of Newark, is that of the enameled carriage and table oil
cloth business established by Mr. Andrew Atha in 1S50.

For many years no country outside of Europe could produce a
perfect article of enameled carriage and table oil cloth, from ihv
fact that artisans skilled in that line of work were to be fouml
only in foreign lands. But this art, like various others, coniineil
as they were to the country of kings, has graduall}? crept over
the water, and at the present writing the city of Newark is
known all over the world through the unrivaled brands of
enameled carriage and table oil cloth produced in her factories,
and by her enterprising manufacturers. For many years past
the city has been the centre of the trade throughout the Union,
and here, as in but few other cities of the world, does one dis-
cover such ample resources, combined with practical experience
and unflagging energy.

The illustrations herewith given will convey to the mind of the
reader some idea of the extent to which this industry is canned
on by Messrs. Atha and Hughes. The immense works are
located on the block bounded by Sussex avenue. Orange, Nesbit
and Newark streets, and are the largest in the United States.
Their history like many other industries which have made the
city celebrated in the manufacturing markets of the world is
brief. In 1S50, Mr. Andrew Atha commenced the business only
from humble beginnings, by industry, perseverance and prudent
management the business was soon placed on a firm footing, and
early assumed a leading position in the enameled carriage and
table oil cloth trade. In 1870, Mr. George H. Hughes became
associated with Mr. Atha, and from this time forward the busi-

iW^A .^%.M

BIRD S EYE VIEW OF ATH.\ & HUGHES OIL CLOTH WOKKS.

ness of the firm has steadily grown to the present immen.se pro-
portions. In iSf)o, the firm w^as merged into a corporation with
the following officers : President, George H. Hughes ; vice-
president, Benjamin Atha ; secretary and treasurer, B. H. Atha.
The industry founded nearly half a century ago has won a
reputation that is both commendable and enviable for the push and
enterprise of the men who have been shrewd promoters of those
inventions and improvements, that have enhanced the numer-
ous industries for which the city of Newark, of which they are
worthy representatives, is now celebrated throughout the known
world. The company maintains a commodious and well regulated
salesroom at No. iii Duane street. New York city. The trade-
mark of this house is known in every part of the world where oil
cloth is used.

OF ATHA & HUGHES' WAREROOMS AND OFFICES, NEWARK, N. J.

NEWARK, y /., ILLUSriiATED.

'79

Yates, Wharton & Co.

TillC orijjinal firm of Yates,
Wharton & Co., was formed
in 1S57, by Mr. Henry J. Vates
and Mr. John Wharton under the
name of Yates & Wharton, both
of whom at that early period had
become noted in the trade, for
knowledge and skill in the manu-
facturing of fur hats. In 1863,
the style of name was changed
to Yates. Wharton & Co., Mr.
William I). Yocfjm having l)een
admitted to the co-partnership
and attending to the New York
salesroom, with which he had l)een
connected as salesman. In 1S83,
Mr. William L). Yocom having
withdrawn. Mr. Charles A
Wliarton and Mr. Robert Clark,
Jr.. were admitted to the firm, as
it is now constituted. Mr. Henry
J. Yates born in New York city.
Uecemlier 9. iSnj, learned hatting
with William Rankin to 1S43,

associated with Mr. I'. W. Vail in firm of Vail and Yates to 1857,
firm of Yates & Wharton to 1863, firm of Yates, ^Vharton & Co., to
date. He has never sought office, but served as alderman, and
for two terms as mayor of Newark, and is director in several
corporations.

Mr. John Wharton, was born September 25, 1825. He has held
no public office, but has devoted his time to the manufacturing
department of the business with great success, overcoming
difficulties and improving methods of manufacture.

Charles A. Wharton and Robert Clark, Jr., are young men in
their prime, holding no position of public prominence, but attend-
ing to the details of the business with energj- and success.

The firm has safely passed through all the industrial depres-
sions and financial trials of the past thirty years, being controlled
by a careful and conservative administration, close supervision
of details and systematic mangemcnt.

The plant is complete in its arrangement and will produce 150
dozen hats per day, their product consisting of men's medium
and fine grades, of fancy colors and best workmanship, nothing
being allowed to go from the factory if deficient in any part of its

VATES, WMATON .t lO., HAT MANUFACTURERS, 142 lo 156 COMMERCE STREET.

manufacture. Their market is mostly domestic embracing the
United States, including the Pacific coast and Canada.

They employ 300 hands in the sevi ral processes of manufactur-
ing and have a merited and well earned rcinilation for just and
fair dealing with their employees, their working people invaria-
bly returning to their employ after trying other places for
comparison of earnings ; and all differences have been amicably
settled without recourse to industrial war. Employers and
employees have steered clear of the tracks of strikes as the captain
and his good sailors avoid the track of the destructive simoon.

To maintain the stronghold (m the hatting industry which
Newark held for years before and at the time of the war, has
required no little skill and acumen upon the part of those who
were interested therein. That hatting is a roving industry can
be said truthfully and not to its very great disadvantage either,
it apparently being outside of the old Franklintonian theory of
the rolling stone gathering no moss, for wherever this industry
of hatting is carried on prosperity generally smiles, even on what
are called • Buckeyes." m.-ir.y <f ulvcli are found scattered all
over the country.

JOHN WHARTO.S.

i8o

NEWARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

David Ripley & Sons.

STEAM SAW AXD PLANING Mil, I, WOKKS Of
ANII rilK Ml

'OR (luitc half a century
tliiire has been conducted
in the city of Newark, an indus-
try which stands peerless
among peers, and which in the
extent and quality of its pro-
duction is beyond rivalry. We
have reference to the steam
saw and planing mills of David
Ripley & Sons, remarkably
correct and telling engravings
of which appear on this page
and to which attention is
particularly directed, as also
the artistic and strikingly effec-
tive likeness of Mr. David
Ripley its founder, the sons
(if whom now conduct the busi-
ness, the father who was the
founder of it having departed
this life a few years since full
laden with years and honors and
a well deserved earthly compet-
ence. The remarkable plant of
this great concern has a con-
venience of situation surpassed
by few saw mills in any city of

the United States and it is the firm conviction of the writer that
there is not another saw and planing mill plant, all things con-
sidered, that is so happily and advantageously situated as that of
David Ripley & Sons, now under consideration. More than a
half century of years have passed away since David Ripley, a
poor and almost friendless boy came on from Greens Farms in
the State of Connecticut, where he was born on the eleventh day
of March, 1803. DavidRipley brought with him little or no cash, but
he brought with him, what was far better, an active brain, a healthy
physique and a strong right arm, three great and mighty essen-
tials in the upbuilding of a home and a fortune. David Ripley
had his life foundations laid firm and deep in the great and
lasting principles of the great cardinal virtues of temperance,
fortitude, prudence and justice, and was never known during all his
career of active business life extending over a period of more
than fifty years to deviate or depart therefrom. He early

imbibed a
hatred for the
i n s t i tution of
slavery and was
always a fear-
less advocate of
aboli t i o n. In
his earlier years
h e b r o u g h t
(1 o w n on his
head not a few
maledic t ions,
Ijut his convic-
tion of right
was strong and
his inbred love
of honor still
stronger and he
was never hap-
pier, or showed
up to his neigh-
bors in better
form than when
withst a n d i n g
oAvii) Kii'LEV, FocNiiKK. the taunts of

DAVIIl RIl'LEV
RRIS CANAL.

.■i SONS, ON FASSAIC RIVER

the thoughtless who opposed him. It will be remembered to his
credit that he is the father of the Clover Street Industrial School.

A marked specialty of the business which David Ripley estab-
lished away back in the year when Gallant Henry Clay, of the
West, made his last unsuccessful run for the presidency along
with our great representative Jerseyman Theodore Freling-
huysen, who ran on the same ticket for vice-president, was the
sawing of logs into timber, boards, plank, joists, sills, studding,
etc., to order. In earlier years David Ripley bought the trees on
forest lands of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, chopped them down,
rafted them on the Deleware and Susquehanna rivers and piloted
them into his own ports on the Passaic river and Morris canal,
both of which passed his doors. Not a few logs which were
felled in the forests of Georgia and Alabama were sawed into-
boards and planks in his mill. Few industries have probably done
more toward advancing the manufacturing interests of Newark
than the saw mill industry carried on by David Ripley & Sons.

Along with their very extensive sawing and planing mill
industry the Messrs. Ripley, William A., Charles O. and J.
Wattles, the sons who succeeded their father, David Ripley, who
died on the 30th of May, 1SS3, have carried on box manufacturing
on a very extensive scale. Thousands upon thousands of great
boxes and tens of thousands of little ones go forth from their
factory which go to other great manufacturing establishments,
engaged in the work of making such lines of goods as require
careful packing in strong wooden boxes for their protection and
shipment, to the marts of trade generally throughout the country.

Without a halt or break has this great business gone on, giving
plenty of proof that the education of the sons scholastic and
business suffered nothing, nor was neither permitted to dag during
the time he was building up his fortune and preparing with
paternal care for the well-being and future of his children.

Besides filling successfully all the responsibilities attaching to
such a large business the Messrs. Ripley have kept untarn-
ished the badge of good citizenship, they have ever been ready
to take part in public affairs, the elder brother, William A. , having
been one of the first Police Commissioners of the city, and repre-
sented his ward in the Common Council and his Assembly district
in the State Legislature with credit to himself and satisfaction to
his constituency. John Wattles also filled the responsible office
of Alderman with eminent satisfaction to his constitucncv-

.YEUAA'K. X. /.. ILLUSTRATED.

i8i

fc-;Ki>\\x :s ^^Mll• \A.Ki).

JUST about where the New Jer-
sey Zine Works now stand,
about thirty years ago. David F.
Brown began the industry in a
small way of boat building and
established Newark's first ship
yard. He soon thereafter removed
to the spot whence the smr)ke
rises from the great forges and
cupolos of the Atha & lUings-
worth steel works, from thence to
to the present location at Brown
street and Lister avenue, where
his successor, the present proprie-
tor, Kdward (i. Brown, has estab-
lished a marine railway and has
gathered around it all the various
paraphernalia of boat and ship
building. Not a little very inter-
esting history clusters around this
family of Browns.

David F., the father and prede-
cessor of the present proprietor,
was a son of Noah Brown, of the
firm of A. & N. Brown, shipbuild-
ers, who constructed the fleet of
war vessels with which Commo-
dore Perry immortalized his name
on Lake Erie. It was this same

firm who built the first steamboat, the Robert Fulton, and
moulded up the rounded forms r/f Ericson's mighty monitor which
beat the Merrimack and saved the I'nion.

Mr. Brown now employs from twenty to fifty men as circum-
stances demand in the building of all kinds of boats and vessels
for sail or steam, .sailers, lighters, yachts, etc. He also con-
ducts a large business in flag poles and (lag pole ornaments.
<lerricks. etc.

It can be safely said that Edward (i. Brown, who has conducted
the business since the death of his father two years ago, stands
at the head of one of the oldest industries in Newark.

Although Edward (1. Brown has not the privilege of building
steamboats of the Fulton's pattern, or to mould up the ff)rms of

r.Kow.s s siiirv Vitus, i:kown strkei an"1> i.istf.k avi.xue.

another blithe little monitor such as his ancestors built under the
eye of the great Ericson, it is well-known that he has the <il)ility
and plant, and can call around him such a corps of boat building
artists, mechanics and skilled workmen on very short notice, who
will assist him in the building of a boat, ship or vessel of any
name or nature, which will be a match for any that ever walked
the waters of river, lake or ocean. As before noted, the conductor
of the present boat building industry and now under considera-
tion belongs to a family of shipbuilders and was brought up to
the business, and had. long before accepting the responsibilities,
grave in character, which belong to the industry, learned to
know the difference between a fish hook and an anchor, in fact
like his predecessors, who had won lasting honors and some of
them an undying fame in the work they had
done, he had learned the business from stern to
figure head. It is worth a visit while a vessel
is " in the cradel," in order to witness the pro-
ceedings of vessel building or repairing as they
go on under the experienced eye and skilled
mechanism of ICdward G. Brown, assisted by
his corps of ship carpenters and caulkers.

L. WRIQHT, JK.

L. WKIGHT, JR.'S STE.\.M LAUNCH DCI'I.EX.

Tl 1 1'^ illustration herewith given represents
the pleasure launch Duplex, one of the
numerous crafts constructed by Mr. L. Wright,
Jr., of this city, wh;)se business is located at
Xos. 9 to 15 Ailing street. This house is known
in machine trade for its production in wood
working machinery, marine engines, elevators,
shafting, pulleys, hangers, etc. Considerable
attention is given to the building of steam
launches and yachts of the highest grade, and
at the present time they have just completed
what is probably the finest specimen of marine
engine work ever constructed and which is
expected to develoj) remarkable speed the
coming .season.

l82

NEir.il^K, X. /., JLLUSTRATED.

J. K. HEKM.A.X c'<: CO.

JUST thirty years ago the widely known hat bluL-k manufac-
turing business of J. F. Herman & Co., the largest exclusive
manufacturers of hat blocks anc\ flanges, iron dies for pressing
stiff hats, and hatters' tools o£ every description, in the United
States, or we may say in the world, was established by what was
then known as Picrson cS: Herman. It was then a very small
establishment, the firm doing what business thej' could in their
small shop, corner McWhorter and Hamilton streets, in a room
about 20x30. Their business steadily increased until those
quarters became too small, and they removed to Kirk's Building,
in Kirk's Alley, in a room 40x60, just twice the size of their
McWhorter street shop, where the firm made rapid progress until
it became necessary, by their increase of business to seek larger
quarters, when they came to the conclusion to put up a building
of their own, which they did in the spring of 1SS5, and the first of
Api-il of that year saw their building completed, which they then
moved into. It is situated at Nos. 69-71 Bruen street and is a
two-story with
basement build-
ing, 48x72, with
a three -story
annex in the
rear 15x30,
which is not
sho w n in the
beautiful illus-
tration of their
building seen
on this page.

In the base-
ment, which
contains 2 ,000
square feet of
space, all the
lumber is hand-
le d, which i s
purchased b y
the car-load.
Between 75,000
and 100,000 feet
are consumed
annually. After
it is cut up by
the large rip,
circular and
cross-cut saws,
and roughed

out bv the machinery, all here in their basement, it is distriiiuted
to the different departments of drying rooms or kilns, by means
of an elevator.

The next or first floor, 2,000 square feet, is the finishing depart-
ment. Here are two block machines, two jig saws, two boring
machines, two band saws, two block sandpaper machines, two
turners' lathes, one curver. one flange sandpaper roller, two buzz
planers 20x36, together with the necessary machinery to keep
tools in order, such as grindstone, emery wheels, saw filing and
saw setting machines. On this floor, in the new wing, is also the
office, to the rear of which is the machine department, in which
are made the dies for the pressing of hats. This industry is with
the hat manufacturers in its infancy, and is bound to develop
largely. This firm is making the dies successfully with the
latest improved machinery. Adjoining is the engine and boiler
rooms, which contain an engine of 50 horse povi-er and boiler of
75 horse power, which furnish ample power for their different
machines.

The second floor contains, in part, stock and drying rooms, and
the third floor of the extension is also adapted to drying room
facilities. To the rear of the building is the plaster room, where

J. F. HERMAN .S: CO., 6t) AN'l) 71 BRLIf;N STREET.

the moulds are made for the iron die castings, and the well
equipped lumber yard. Each piece of lumber is thoroughly
seasoned before being worked, which has been the great success
of this firm.

Mr. John F. Herman, the senior member of the firm, is a native
of Germany. He was born in 1S33, at Stuttgart, and emigrated
to this country twenty years later, of whom it may be said he has
managed the old firm of Pierson & Herman since 1S65. Mr.
Pierson being incapable through old age to assist in the factory,
retired, but still retained his share in the business until his death
five years ago, when Mr. Herman continued the business alone
until 1SS9, when he associated with him Mr. Fred Buehler and
Mr. Charles Landmesser, both for many years his former
employees. Mr. Buehler was born here in the city of Newark in
1S56, and Mr. Landmesser claims the same birthplace five years
later. They both received their education in our good public
schools and colleges. All the members of the firm give their
personal attention to their business, which with their long and
practical experience in this line, enables them to have the work

performed i n -
telligently b y
their e.xpert em-
ployees. Mr.
Herman a t-
tends to the
factory, assist-
ed by Mr. Land-
messer, and Mr.
Buehler acts as
the firm's sales-
man, Through
their combined
efforts it has
become one of
the most indis-
pensable auxil-
iaries to the
man ufacturers
of hats, not only
in Newark and
the State of
New Jersey, but
throughout the
United States
and the Domin-
i o n of Canada
and Mexico.

In this indus-
try, having its
home in Newark, is another demonstration of the thoroughly well
authenticated fact of the very general benificence of aggregation
as applied to industrial pursuits.

No inducement except the fact that here were great hat manu-
facturing establishments in full operation where the need for the
very self same class of goods as J. F. Herman &- Co. could and
would make, thus having an assured market for their output at
their very doors, could have been offered, or such telling facts
presented to give them a confident assurance of success.

Not alone this home market, which grows apace with every
new venture in this rapidly increasing manufacturing field, and
which is the direct result of this aggregation of industrial plants,
is responsible for the marvellous growth of Newark as a manu-
facturing centre, but because of its geographical position as well.
Perhaps the first great leading cause of its acceptance by manu-
facturing capitalists and wide awake business men, machinists,
mechanics, inventors and artists, was found in its great natural
advantages of location supplemented by the very great ease with
which its transformation to the great variety of purposes can be
accomplished, and its being so easily accessible from all points
of the continent.

NEWARK, N. y., ILLUSTRATED.

1 8.^

Just at the wide open doors of the two great metropolitan
cities of the Atlantic seaboard, and six great trunk lines of rail-
roads, the Passaic River and Morris Canal, over which to
transport the manufactured products to their unparalleled
markets for selling in.

Xot alone is the industry under consideration the recipient of
such lasting favors as are sure to tlow from the aggregation or
concentration of its own specialties, but every other branch is
equally entitled to the rare benefits and beneficial results which
are continually flowing from rich and enduring fields, which needs
but the touch of its kindreds to pour forth its full realization.

Thus has the growth of Newark gone on from step to step in

and there does seem to be some peculiar characteristics in their
make-up which are not found in the physical structure or mental
endowments of those who find affinities which arc foreign to
industrial lines.

Let us add that by their industry, alertness and efficiency, and
by strict personal attention to business, they have succeeded in
gaining the confidence of style leaders in the hat trade, and hat
manufacturers in general throughout the entire country. The
plant of this concern has been proven a most indispensable aux-
iliary in the manufacturing of hats everywhere. It is a pleasure
to notice the existence of a concern that starting out to excel,
and which notwithstanding the very many serious obstacles

"r-^^ o

p*ft?sS3

.ME.MBKRS op rilK KfUM OF J. K HERMAN .4

its progress under these Ijenign iniluences. When this now
widely known and prosperous industry first set up its modest
belongings, the promise of its well deserved growth and success
was seen at once in the cordial reception which the necessity for
its productions prompted from the great concerns within its
immediate vicinity, but also from many other concerns in various
parts having like requirements in other and distant places.

The wonderful success of the artist's work in sketching the
plant of the concern under consideration, combined with the
supplemental study of the engraver who furnished the illustration
plate for this work, speaks a language which can be studied with
lasting interest in the beautiful picture presented on this page of
Newark, N. J., iLLUsTR.^TF.n.

To such men as these who conduct industries which bring such
rich grists to the Newark mills, a deep debt of gratitude is owed.

which it had to overcome in its earlier career, has by the most
indomitable perseverance succeeded in laying solid foundations
and is now in the full tide of business prosperity and has won an
enduring place in the front rank of manufacturers, standing
to-day among the representatives of Newark's industrial interests.
Few hat manufacturers in these later days of progressiveness
undertake competing without falling back on the helpmeets,
which are turned out of the factories of J. F. Herman & Co.
Among these are the iron dies which they are turning out success-
fully with the latest improved machinery for the new system of
hat manufacturing in this country. These dies had long been in
use in England, but it required the skill and genius of J. F.
Herman & Co. to make them here, and they are rapidly gaining
an enviable reputation for making the iron as they did the wood,
before.

i84

A'E}l\ARk\ X. J. n.Ll-sriiATED.

CHA.S. OpI'EL'S So>!S.

CHA?

THE millions of cigars made
annually in the United States
require boxes in which to pack
them, and this branch of the
industry affords employment to
thousands of working people
throughout the country. Our
thriving city of Newark possesses
the leading steam cigar box manu-
factory of the state, that of Charles
Oppel's Sons, situate at Nos. 54
and 56 West street, which is here-
with shown in the half tone
engraving presented. The busi-
ness was inaugurated in 1S64, by
the late Mr. Charles Oppel, and
in 1SS6 his sons, August T. and
Rerthold, assumed control. They
have met with gratifying success,
and the business is to-day in a
flourishing condition. The
machinery and general appoint-
ment of the factory are all of the
latest and most improved order
which greatly facilitates opera-
tions, and large orders are filled
on short notice. A large assr)rt-
ment of labels of the most artistic
designs are always in stock, be-
sides, a complete line of cigar
manufacturers' supplies, such as

gum, ribbon, knives, cigar boards, cutters, revenue books, color
marks, etc.. also numerous other articles that are a necessity to
the cigar maker. The factory covers an area of 50x40 square
feet, which is barely suflficient to accommodate the number of
men and women constantly employed. All their affairs are under
the personal supervision of both members of the firm, who are
recognized by the trade as energetic business men, and all work
done is of the neatest and most perfect standard that it is possible
to obtain. A gratifying proof of the popularity of the firm is the
number of patrons it can claim in all parts of the United States
and Canada, who are able and willing to testify to the merit of
its productions. Like everything else in the manufacturing line

that N e w ark
undertakes,
that is as sure
to go to the
front as the
magnetic need-
le to the pole.
It needs no re-
hearsal of the
m a n y demon-
s t r a t e d in-
stances of this
fact, but they
may be seen on
all sides by the
most careless of
observers who
will permit his
attention for a
single moment
to rest upon re-
sults, as the)'
stand out so
prominently as
A-rcusT T. oi'i-Eu not to be mis-

!1!

SONS, CIGAR "BOX

NTANUF'RS.

';^a|

.^'

\.^.

^]^

CIIAKI-ES lU'I'KL'S .^ONS, CIO.^R liOX M.\NUl'.\rTL"REKS, 54 .VXD 56 WKST STREKT.

taken. What can be said of the other manifold industries carried
on in the city of Newark can the same be said of cigar making
and the manufacturing of supplies for the trade. To the latter
we have only to do in this article, and in calling the attention of
readers to this branch of industry, the first move will be for him
to take a look at the engraving on this page, which is a faithful
representation of the .structure in which the industry of Charles
Oppel's Sons is hou.sed and where they carry on the cigar
makers' supply manufacturing business, and make every neces-
sary article called for by the trade. The growth of the business
carried on by Charles Oppel's Sons, of manufacturing cigar boxes,
and cigar makers' supplies, points with unerring exactness to the
growth of cigar
manufacturi n g
not alone here
in Newark, but
in other cities
a n d to w n s
where there is a
demand f o r
their goods and
whence they
are shipped to
meet it in large
quantities
throughout the
year. Some-
thing of the
magnitude o f
this industry
can be seen
from the extent
of the output of
the O p p e 1 s
alone and yet
they are but one
of the many. dertholo opi-ei..

NEWARK, X /., //.LUSTRA TED.

i«S

SCHMini' c*i:

iON.

TO just such institutions as this over
which the Schmidt's preside, father
and son, is Newark indebted for her
phenominal growth and material great-
ness. Without the assistance of the
steam saw and planing mill establish-
ments the city would make but an ordi-
nar\- showing.

This house, now so well and favor-
ably known, began its career nearly forty
years ago. Mr. Schmidt had been
educated to the business and had early
been impressed with the one grand
desideratum in wood workmg, that his
timber must be thoroughly seasoned
before using. When a piece of board
went under his planers, or timber into
his lathes, it was well dried, hard and
elastic, with a fiber as straight as the
bow wood of the native Indian. As his
business grew and the want of assist-
ants came upon him he employed none
but skilled workmen and the latest and
liest improved w<H)d working machines
and machinery, and at this time there is
in constant use in the factory as fine a
]>lant of machines, machinery and wood
working tools as are to be found in any

industrial establishment in the countiy. The factory buildings
of this firm which have a truthful illustra'.ion on this page are
very capacious, and have steadily progressed as the increase of
business demanded. The manufact< ry building is a three storj-
brick structure 5o.\So feet, giving a floor room in each story of
4,000 square feet. Along with this they have quite extensive
yard room for storing timber and lumber, and yet the demand
comes up for still more room than can be commanded from plots
Nos. 20 and 22 Broome street. The great variety of styles, forms,
patterns and shapes of wood articles which come forth from the
doors of their factory would create something of amazement in
the mind of any one unaciiuainted with the wood working
industry. The firm makes a specialty of carpenters' sawing and
turning, and among the multitudinous products may be mentioned.

columns balusters, line and iiitching
posts, circular moldings and scores of
articles in a great variety of patterns are
reckoned among the output. Strangers
have been known to stand for hours in
the presence of one of their turning
lathes while the expert turner dexter-
ously fashions the article of beauty or
utility, close watching him as he guides
the sharp tool over its swift flying form
of seasoned wood of oak, niahogancy,
rose wood, pine, hemlock or whatever
kind of wood the heart of the operator
may be for the time inclined to use for
the purpose intended or to fill an order.
The buzz, upright and scroll saws, the
planers and moulders as handled by
this firm have done their part in the
the revolution in house trimming in the
last half century. It is surprising,
indeed, how beautifully many of these
machines, automatic to a great extent,
walk through the timber boards and
planks placed before them, and it does
seem as though by and by they would
begin to talk, yes in their own peculiar
way they do even now speak a language
that is easily interpreted by the manu-
facturer and banker, and we opine
as the years go by and the wealth
of the capitalist unfolds more and more clearly to the view
of the genius of inventions, and the guardian and key holder of
the still hidden mysteries of mechanics and mechanisms is forced
to listen to the persistant appeals to unlock the inner doors of this
inner safe and set free for the uses of man the new, which per-
chance, may be old, that the great evoUitioHs now in jMogress
may startle the world in novelty, value and golden purpose. As
the great procession of the industry moves on caparisoned in the
finished harness of novelty and usefulness, the acclaim of the great
cloud of witnesses will continue to swell in long continued shout,
•• well done." till the culmination of voice and sound reach the
car of the genius holding by the bridle of persistance the latest
and newest of the released, fnmi the great closet of hidden
mvsteries as another of the world's greatest inventions.

IMlnr ,'i: Sll.\, SAW, rUNK \Nli n KXING Mil. I..

1 i KDIXAND .*. SCHMIDl.

ME^R^' .\. st:iiMH>r.

i86

NEWARK. X. /., U.F.USTRATED.

KINTER & CO.

'M.Kl.S^ b I KK1/1>^

WHILE the industry of wagon making is in
the same line rea ly with that of carriage
manufacturing, there is yet a mighty difference,
and the best explanation thereof which we are
able to make in the short space allotted in this
work, is that the wagon is made for business and
the carriage for pleasure. Now while this state-
ment will not bear too close a scrutiny, it is near
enough to the fact for all practical, as well as our
own purpose, since in this article we have to do
with the industry as applied to the making of both
heavy and light farm and brewery wagons, light
and heavy drays, carts and business vehicles
generally, which is conducted extensively in
Newark, not alone in a production for home sale
service and consumption, but for outside markets
as well.

Mr. Frederick Finter, one of the oldest and
most respected German citizens, was born in Ger-
man)-, June S, 1S14. He arrived in Newark, N. J.
in 1834, and devoted himself to the business of
wagon making. When he came here there were
only five German families in this city. He
climbed up the ladder with a sturdy determination
which brooked no failure, and as a result of his

industry and perseverance he was able, along with six other wagon-makers, to begin business in 1848, at the corner of Hamilton and'
Bruen streets. Step by step he went on increasing his knowledge and extending his efforts until finally he became sole
proprietor of the large business which has since been carried on under his personal supervision up to a few months before he
died, which was May i, 1SS5. He employed very few helpers when he commenced business for himself and depended largely
on his own educated arras and hands to push his steadily growing industry.

The successful results which followed his efforts show how faithfully he worked and what an imdomitable spirit of determination
he brought to bear in the consummation of his ideal project, of building up a great business upon such solid and enduring founda-
tions as would be as lasting as the wagons he was engaged iri building. The founder of this now enormous wagon manufacturing
industry was one of those sturdy characters, who was not content to scan the present with his clear eye, but was ever peering away
into the future and endeavoring so far as possible to reach out for new ideas to build the very best he knew, and with this end in
view he made wagons better and better as the years went on, but never so far as he could divine did he build " better than he knew."
When the time came that this father of one of Newark's important industries, and one who had laid the foundations in such, of the
virtues that should make them enduring as time itself and had cemented it with his own good name, should lay aside his apron and
tools for the last time, he could turn the institution over to his son, that he might continue its conduct under the name of its founder.
After the death of Mr. Finter, his son William F. Finter, took full control of the business and, as it increased, year by
j'ear, and the factory became too small to meet the requirements of the trade, he purchased the ground in iSr)i, at the corner
of Market and Congress streets and erected one of the finest and most complete wagon factories in the State. He is a thorough
mechanic, having learned the trade with his father before he took charge of the business.

As the reader turns the pages of this New,\rk, N. J., Ilhstr.ated, and art treasure, and reads the shorl and succinct histories of
the several industries, there are few who will find that the illustration speaks a better language than that representing the great

establishment of Finter & Co., on this page, one of the oldest in its line
in Newark, and conducted by his son. Thousands of busi-
ness houses all over Essex county and the State of
New Jersey, have abundant reason for apprecia-
tion of the good work done by this company
of wagon builders. For nearly a half
century the name of Finter branded on a
wagon has been .accepted as the sign of
its high quality in the state of New Jer-
sey. If the plain, substantial, honest-
made wagons built by Finter & Co..
of Newark, New Jersej', don't stand
forth as an exhibit from among the
thousands which will undoubtedly
occupy a large space in that great
World's Fair in Chicago, then will full
justice not be done toward the wagon-
making branch of Newark's indus-
trial pursuits. Should the wagon-making
industry be properly represented in the great
Columbian show, a high grade premium will
doubtless go to that wagon which has pinned to its
body or axle the plate of Finter & Co., makers, Newark, N. J.

FREDERICK TIN IKK. ImINDEK.

WILLIAM F. KINTER,

AEUARK, X. J , Jl.LUSTRATKD.

187

A I'.AKKIIORN. HiiWARl' .\ X 1 1 Mi:RlKK STKKKTS, AN'l)

ANM)

SPKIXGFI 1:1,1 ) AVKNIIC.

KXGKI.UKKCJiEK «& BAKKHOKX.

ICTTIXG nght down to solid facts it will be found that
among those industries which tend most to the maintain-
ance of the high character which Newark is celebrated for, in its
buildings wherein is domiciled the capitalist and workman alike,
is that of door, sash and blind, frame, bracket and that of general
light wood working, as also that of the factory buildings which
rear their loft) heads far above their less pretentious neighbors.
This branch of the wood working industries carried on in this city
must needs take the lead of all others, so far at least as its output
is designed for home consumption, unless we make an
«xception of the saw mill and carpentery, than to the
former must be rightfully awarded the first place or real
initiative, unless we are permitted to follow the wood-
man into the depths of the forest to see him bury the bit
of glittering steel into the giant oak, cloud sweeping
pine or deep sighing hemlock.

While there are nearly, or quite a half hundred of
great establishments where the buzz saw and planers by
the scores are kept running like the flash of the light-
ning and where hundreds of men and boys are kep'
busy, yet there never seems to be an over supply. All
the product from these great establishments which is
not caught up and consumed by the home builders finds
a ready sale in the markets of the world, and indeed,
quite a large percentage of the output goes direct from
mills to shipboard for exportation.

Among the great concerns engaged in the manufact-
ure of doors, door frames, window sash and frames,
brackets, moldings, etc., is that of Kngelberger & Bark-
horn, who have their plant house! in the great buildings
erected for the purpose on the corner of Howard and
Mercer streets, with warerf>oms at 305, 307 and 309
Springfield avenue. The beautiful illustration here seen
gives but an introduction to what the concern in reality
is. This industrial business was begun early in the
fifties by the Augster Bros., they being succeeded by
Engelberger & Barkhorn as now constituted. It was in
the year iSSi, a little more than a decade of years ago.
when the young firm with a capital all told, of less than
three thousand dollars, flung their business banner to
the breeze and at this writmg they stand at the head of

this particular branch of Newark's industries. They have all
the latest and best improved machinery and give employinent to
nearly one hundred skilled workmen, and in 1S92 their output of
manufactured dfmrs, sash, blinds, frames, etc., had a value of
nearly a quarter of a million dollars. The partners are Newarkers
and men of standing. Mr. Engelberger not only handles the plank
himself, but sees to it that his workmen do their share, while
Mr. Barkhorn keeps his eye on the ledger and bank account.
They are successful, and the secret lies in the fact that, they have
run the business and have never |)ermilted the business to
run them.

MESSERS. E.N'GELBEROER .\Nli BARKHOR.N'.

iS8

NE]1'ARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

.MILL AND UII'ICIC ol- CUAIM.N HALL LUMHER COMPANY.

CHAPIN HA.I^L LUMBER COMP^NV

TO OUR readers who have had no real experience with lumber, the magnitude of the interest as conducted in Newark, is startlinsr

and even to those who have, the experience that all men All along the Passaic, from the point where the city rests from

who themselves are built of the right material must have had in the work of crowding the salt meadows back on the sea, to Second

erecting a house to put the bird of a wife in when they catch her, river, and even on up through Belleville, great heaps like young:

UPPER DOCK AND YARDS OF CHAPIN HALL LUJIBER COMPANY.

XEIVARK, A. J., ILLiSTKATED.

iSy

mountains o f
pine, hemlock,
spruce and oak
lumber greet
the eye of the
passer-by. The
toot of the horn
of the helms-
man of the
"sailer" laden
deep with lum-
ber from the far
away Southern
pine lands, or

the shrill whistle of the little tug, with its monster barge in tow,
and the creak of the Dpening draw, is music to the ear of the
scores of great saw and planing mills which line the river bank,
and never seem to get enough to satisfy their hungry " maw.'
Not alone can the river Ijegin to supply enough for the demand
of the hundreds of merchants engaged in the rich industry, but
they must needs call upon the seven great railroads to roll into
the Newark lumber market thousands of carloads as helpmeets in
the herculean work of keeping up with the yearly increase of
consumption, and yet there is a constant cry for more I more !

Few cities in the I'nited States can show a lumber and timber
record with taller columns of figures to represent them than can
New Jersey's metrojiolitan city, Newark. Not alone in the
amount of timber and lunil)cr which Newark requires for her own
marvellous growth and upbuilding, does she excel, but has to her
credit a large supply trade in manufacturing articles turned
out of her great mills, which are kept busy the year round.

One of these establishments which surely had a happy run of
success, is that of the Cha|)in Hall Lumber Company, whose

LOWER Dix K, SIIEliS AND VAKD Ol I HAIMN MAI.l. LUMBER COMTANV.

great mdls are situated at Fourth avenue ami Ogden street.
These are three stories high, and cover a plot of ground 100x200
feet in area, a beautiful and truthful engraving of which is seen on
the page opposite. But this shows but a tithe of the great yards
in which this enterprising company stores immense quantities of
North Carolina pine, cypress and white pine, which lies here
undergoing the seasoning process, for future conversion into doors,
sash and blinds, llooring, mouldings, siding, packing boxes, etc.,
their sheds and store house containing a large stock nuinii-
factured for future or immediate delivery.

This company has several large plants, one in particular, at
the foot of Oriental street, on the I'assaic river, is worthy of
special mention, as well as the immense parent liuiUling
represented in the illustration with its engine and Ixiiler
house extensions.

Of late an immense impetus has been given to the lumlxr
industry by the popular Building and Loan Associations, which
are shedding abroad a boundless good to the men of moderate
means in aiding them to build homes of their own.

JOIIX 'lV\YI,OK.

Tl I V. city of Newark will, pcrhajis, in a few brief years embrace
all the territory now lying between the Ilackensack river
and the Orange .Mountains Mr. John Taylor, whose photo forms
one of the illustrations herewith given, has been connected with
the wood-sawing and planing industry of Newark for the past
twelve years. There are but few men of his years who have
sawed up or planed more lumber for carpenters' use than he has

in the time
during which
he has been
identified with
the business.
T h e plant i s
located in the
famous " Phce-
nix Works,"
rear of No. 256
Market street.
Mr, Taylor is
well known in
the trade and
social circles of
the city, as an
upright b u s i-
ness man and
energetic citi-
zen, and is a
worthy r e p r e-
sentative of the
wood - workers
of Newark.

JOHN lAVI.OK.

ALFRED A,. BALUWIN.

THK steady growth of the manufacturing and commercial
plants, which adorn every section of the city, are monu-
ments to the most free and enterprising ])eople the world has ever
seen. In the industry of wood-turning. Mr, Alfred A. Baldwin,
whose photo contributes to
illustrate this page, is
well and favorably
known among the
carjienters an
builders
Newark
This enter
prising citi-
zen devotes
his energies
to the turn-
ing of balu-
sters, and
newel posts,
of every
description,
and wood-
t u r ning in
general.
Since 1876 he
has conducted
the business at
the well know
" Phoeni.x Works
rear of No. 256
ket street.

A. A. EALWVIN

igo

NEWARK, N. J., ILLUSTRATED.

C. M. RUSSELL.

NEWARK as it is, gives very few points to show
what it has been, it being largely the growth
of the last fifty years. Still there are a few buildings
standing that go back in their history to colonial
times, and give a fair representation of the taste and
ability of their age. At that time very little aid was
had from trained architectural work, and the preten-
tious buildings of that period, and in fact, for a long
time after, were the work of skilled carpenters or
masons. Great credit is due them for what they
achieved, and as history repeats itself, so architecture
returns once and again to the best and most refined
works of other times. We are only sorry that this
spirit and taste does not always hold true, for there
came a time in the history of our city when utility
and the mighty dollar became dominant, and to this
is due the sameness and lack of beauty of a large
part of our city. We are only sorry that the sub-
stantiality of the work was not as bad as the taste,
in that case we might hope for a new outfit for so
prominent a place as the corner of Market and Broad
streets for instance. But to such training as this
can be traced the foundation for the exceptional
ability of the building tirades of the city of Newark.
Her architects are the equals of any, her building firms have an
unrivalled reputation both at home and abroad. The fact that
almost all of the work done is by contract proves their fairness
and reliability.

On this page the illustrations represent the old and time
honored industry of Mr. Charles M. Russell, located at Nos. 3S
and 40 Crawford street. Mr. Russell, the proprietor, is the suc-
cessor to the firm of Russell iS: Sayre, whose business was estab-
lished in 1876, and continued uninterrupted until 1891, when this
successful partnership was disolved, Mr. Sayre retiring to enter
other business. In this factory can be seen the machinery that
enables the modest house of to-dav to be finished far better than

T?! 11^ in ^

jh -ji

!«.«**>'"

C. M. RUSSELL.

RL'SSELL, BUILDER, 38 .^.ND 40 CR.\WKORD STREET.

costly mansions of times gone by, almost everything in the build-
ing trade is here produced, work is given to a large force of men,
and the facilities for trades, etc., equal to any other.

It addition to the necessary machine work for their own busi-
ness, they do all kinds of mill work, sash, blinds, doors, mouldings,
etc., for the trade, personal attention is given to every part of the
work, and a specialty is made of odd furniture, glass fittings, etc.
At the corner of Washington and Kinney streets is the lumber
yard annex of this business, where an assortment of everything
for the retail trade is kept.

Mr. Russell is a practical mechanic himself, a native of Morris
county, he came to this city at the age of 17, was an apprentice
in the shop of Mr. Ezra Reeves, Mr. E. R. Carhuff being foreman
at the time, just after completing his apprenticeship, he with some
half dozen others of the same shop enlisted in the service of his
country. Mr. Russell joined the old city battalion and spent some
time in drilling in the old burying ground under Captain Kinney,
he was finally mustered into Co. K, Second Regiment, New
Jersej' Volunteers. After an honorable term of three years
service the survivors of this regiment were mustered out. Mr.
Russell resumed his trade, and after several years was taken in as
partner by his old employer, Mr. Ezra Reeve. After entering into
business with his nephew, Mr. Sayre, as before stated, their work
extended to all parts of the country and city, several fine churches
and many of the finest residences were erected by them. Mr.
Russell is a member of Garfield Post, G. A. R., is one who takes
a great interest in the welfare of the city, and at present is a
mernber of the Board of Education.

The career of such a man is but a representation of what our
American citizenship can do for those who are energetic and
enterprising. The art of building is the oldest of all the arts,
and while perhaps not as honorable as some of its sister arts, yet
it is full as important, the spirit of architecture has shaped the
destiny of nations, with its advance we may see the growth and
increasing wealth of every nation that fostered it, wi h its decline
how quick the fall. It is largely educational. A mind growing
in an environment of taste and refinement will become the intelli-
gent citizen. In our country w-e do not see the grand specimens
of architecture such as are seen in the older countries, they have
had their use no doubt, but here we do not wish to see the grand
cathedral, while perhaps under its shadow a hovel, the home
(can we call it home ?) of an honest family. Philanthrop)- should
not spend its time and money in fostering pauperism, but build
beautiful homes for the poor, and rent and sell them reasonably.

A'Ell'ARK, A. /., ILLUSTRATED.

191

Tl-ckek Letter ot Document Kile Co.

AyUliSTIOX long since settled in favor of Newark, is the
fact that in no place of equal population, are there so many
men of real inventive genius, so many men whose evolvements
have gone farther towards the mechanical, scientific and artistic
revolution, which has not only startled the world by the brilliancy
of the marvellous achievements in the past, but has kept them on
the qui vive of expectancy for inventions still more startling,
and the record has kept unfolding, while the face of the
present, all wreathed in smiles of satisfaction, has been kept

true, but just such a one as has brought down showers of rich
blessings upon his head and put money in his purse. Xo greater
boon has ever been conferred upon business and professional
men, clerks, correspondents, and indeed everybody who ever
received a dozen letters or a thousand, or as many papers or other
documents of any name or nature, than this William H. Tucker
did when his fertile brain gave birth to this wonderful piece of
ingenuity simplified, known as the Tucker Letter and Document
File, and the Automatic Suspension Cabinet, in the compartments
of which they can all be filed away for future reference.

Some of the grandest inventions ever patented have long laid

V9?

bright by the hope of grander things in the future. .Some
of these have flashed upon the world like comets in the
midnight sky, with their brilliant train of meteoric attendants, to
have a brief and showy existence, then to pass away forever.
Others, coming forth in the nick of time, have pa.ssed the ordeal of
years of trial riding triumphant over all obstacles, and taking
their place in the people's favor and been accepted as standards
in their line. Thus has it been with the invention of William H.
Tucker, a Jerseyman and Newarker to the manor-born, who
when he heard the clarion call of his country in the hour of her
danger, went forth to fight her battles as a soldier, and stood side
by side with hundreds of brave comrades who gave their life a
ransom, while he returned to shower blessings on the people. In
his patented Letter and Document File, a simple contrivance it is

dormant for the lack of development, but a better fortune has
waited upon this, which has fallen into the hands of men who do
not allow anything to sleep or slumber that they have to do with.
The company engaged in the work of the manufacture of these
almost human ofllice and business men's necessities, was organized
in 18S7, with H. C. Condit as president, E. P. Backus, treasurer,
A. Judson Clark. Jr., as secretary, and E. J. Bein, superintendent.
with the patentee, a large stockholder.

The beautiful illustration seen on this page speaks of the
merits of this wonderfully unique invention, in a language not to
be misinterpreted or misunderstood, and even so in the photos of
the officers, there is in every face that look of a determined
purpose and remarkable will power seen at a glance in the
likeness of the successful business man.

192

A'EU'.iRK, X. J. ILLUSTRATED.

Stewart
Hartshorne.

AMONG the
inventions
which are tlie
outputs of the
genius of New-
arlc men, there
are few, if in-
deed any, which
have added
more to the real
comfort and
pleasure of the
housekee per
and uses of the
people in gen-
eral, than the
marvellous
patent roller of
Stewart Harts-
horne, the great
m anufacturing
es t ablishment
of which is seen
on this page,
and is conduct-
ed by himself.

WORKS OF SIEWART n.\RTSUORNE, SH.\DE ROLLER MANUF.^CTURER, H.iRRISON', N. J.

SAMUEL O. CRAXE.

ALEXANDER TIJRNBULL.

IN 1S37, Samuel C). Crane, whose photo is one of the illustrations
on this page, came to Newark with the object in view of
making this growing industrial centre his home. Even at that
early day, Newark had a name and fame which was far-reaching,
and there were few places that were better known for the great
variety of its manufacturing interests. Mr. Crane had already
learned the carriage-making calling, and at once went to work at
his trade, and kept his eye open for business chances for himself.
After three or four \-ears he opened up the industry of bending
woodwork for carriage builders. Indeed he was the founder of
that branch of Newark's varied industrial pursuits. After con-
ducting the business for some years, he was joined by a Mr.
Bedford, and the firm became Bedford & Crane.

He then became interested in the quarry business with George
Brown. In 1S62 he sold out to A. G. Wheaton and return-
ed to his old
carriage or
wheel - making
business in con-
n ec ti on with
George Neefus.
After several
other successful
changes Mr.
Crane, though
now well up in
years, is e n-
gaged in intro-
ducing Wil-
son's, a t h o r-
o u g h 1 y good
and popular,
fire escape, with
a view of organ-
izing a stock
company for its
m an u f ac ture
and sale.

OX THIS page may be seen the photographic likeness of
Alexander Turnbull, deceased, who was for man}- years
connected with the carriage making industry of the city of
Newark. He was really an expert carriage maker, having learned
his trade in his father's workshop. The industry which he con-
ducted was established by his father, Mr. James Turnbull. in 1S19.
For nearly half a century this princely man was honored and
respected, and few men were more deeply mourned when he died.

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^^^■^^^^^^^^^^H^Hr

\LI-..X.\N|iEK TLKXHLLL, (DECE.XSED).

NEWARK, N. /, ILLUSTRATED.

193

JOY & SELIGER CO.

FEW industries carried on in the city of Newark have so many
really satisfying attractions as that conducted by the enter-
prising young men, Charles Joy and Alfred E. Seliger, in the
elegant buildings covering the plot of ground extending from
Nos. 53 to 57 Xew Jersey Railroad avenue, a beautiful illustration
of which appears on the pages of this work. They conduct the
business of manufacturing novelty goods from aluminum, white
metal and brass, into an immense variety of styles, classes and
patterns of goods, for an almost multitudinous number of pur-

department of the well-known Riley & Osborn Manufacturing
Company. Into the business they brought but little capital, but
had what served them perhaps far better, plenty of pluck and
vim, and a full up and running over measure of determination to
win. Brawn aud brain were their active and reserve forces, and
as the happy result shows, both were used to e.xcellent purposes.
But their's was a notable example that in business all is not fair
sailing; the craft may be gliding along before the fair and favoring
breeze, the sails swelling in such a beautiful and satisfying way

°^^°^^

'•j^--

poses, consisting in part of evcrj-lhing in the toilet line, a great
variety of millinery goods, photo frames of many styles and
patterns, ornamental mirrors, photograph and other albums,
photo frames, patented elastic belts for both ladies and gentle-
men, fancy metal cases and bo.xes of every description, and many
other articles in the fancy goods line.

The legal style and title of the conductors of this industry is the
Joy & Seliger Company, of which Charles Joy is secretary and
treasurer, Alfred E. Seliger is president, and Charles Henry
Batkin, superintendent, with J. H. Dreyfuss. chief of office.

The Joy & Seliger Company began the manufacture of novelties
in 1S90, Charles Joy and Alfred E. Seliger joining hands in the
purchase of the plant of the Newark Fancy Goods Manufacturing
Company. It was the first business venture of the young men.
Mr. Joy left the teller's window of the Manufacturers' National
Bank, and Mr. Seliger the post of manager of the fancy goods

but there are hidden rocks and shoals beneath the calmest of seas
Their gallant industrial ship was heavily laden with goods for the
holiday trade, and under full sail to meet the markets of the
world, wide open to greet them, when the cry of fire in the old
Walsh building, where they were located, compelled them to
suddenly tack ship and seek another harbor, trans-ship their plant
and set sail anew. The bud of promise which was opening up so
beautifully for its future (wonderful) fruition was checked for a
while, but with such spirits at the helm, and on the bridge, it
didn't take long to conclude the purchase and fit for their purpose
their present imposing, capacious and convenient quarters.

With that quick perception for which they are noted, they saw
in the building at the^orner of New Jersey Railroad avenue and
Hamilton street just what they wanted, and unhesitatingly
purchased it and began the work of refitting for the purpose of
carrying on their growing industrj- within its walls. By working

194

NEW ARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

double gangs of men, and pushing it night and day, the remodel-
ing went on as if by magic, and in a very much shorter time than
would seem possible, the beautiful structure, a photo engraving
of which is here presenied, was ready for occupancy. In fitting vip
the building they have spared no pains or necessary expense, and
it is safe to say, considering all things, that in its sanitary and
heating arrangements, and for convenience in all respects, and
for the comfort of the employees, it has few if any superiors. Our
artist has done a superb piece of work in the photo engravings of
Mr. Joy on the left and Mr. Seliger on the right, surrounded by
representations of samples of their novelties in such manufactured
products in all their elegance. With such consummate skill is ihe
arrangement made, and so evidently careful in every detail has
the artist been, that the picture as a whole is worthy of the very

all appliances, the fruit of the genius of the best mechanics in the
country, to assist them, it is quite impossible to meet the great
demand, and in order to increase the supply, they have already in
contemplation a very great enlargement of their new works, and
of course this means an expansion of business and a large increase
in the number of employees, so the point of success which they
may finally reach is hardly conceivable.

When the fortunate readers of this art treasure, known as
Newark, N. J., Illustrated, casts his eyes over the illustrations,
and sees the faces of the managers of this novelty industry, they
will naturally wish to become better acquainted with the men and
their history. That they may not be altogether disappointed, a
short sketch for their perusal is herewith given.

Charles Joy, the secretary and treasurer, is the son of Charles

DESIGN OK JOY-.SELIGER CO.

highest commendation. Altogether the new building of the Jo)-
& Seliger Company is a model of completeness and commodious-
ness, and does great credit to their pluck and enterprise. They
deserve a trade that will make even their present almost
unlimited facilities seem inadequate, and it is earnestly hoped
that they will get it.

Such a phenomenal success as has marked the career of this
young firm, is indeed remarkable. It is intensely pleasant to
record the fact, that in less than three years the output of their
industry in the exceeding beauty, high quality and attractive
appearance of their goods, is giving them the call in the markets
of the world. Such a universal demand is creating everywhere,
they find it difficult, even with their corps of from 135 to 150 em-
ployees, and the finest automatic machinery, stamps, dies and

Joy, who died in 1S73, and a brother of the late Colonel Edmund
L. Joy. His a Newarker to the manor born, and is now, in 1893,
about thirty-two years old. He was educated in the Newark
Academy, under Dr. S. A. Farrand, graduating from that insti-
tion in iSSS, and is now the president of the Acadamy Alumni
Association. After leaving the academy he entered the Manu-
facturers' National Bank as a subordinate clerk, where he remained
tinder the instruction of Gen. Plume, soon rising from one grade
to another, till he became the paj-ing teller, which post he resigned
on going into business for himself. Besides keeping a close
watch over the minute details of his manufacturing business, he
acts the part of a good citizen by doing his share in the several
lines. His honored father was long a deacon in the First Baptist
Church, which is now the Peddie Memorial, and Charles is the

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

'95

IHK Jl>V .t SELl'

Sabbath-school superintendent, having been his on-n unanimously elected
successor from year to year for eight years. The school numbers about 600
pupils, all of whom love and respect their superintendent. It will be remem-
bered that Mr. Joy is the Sunday-school superintendent who, while looking
into the muz/le of a pistol, plucklly drove out the Sabbath-breaking Sunday-
school disturbing rowdy who came into his school some years ago with intent,
as he said, to do it up. but was fortunately done up himself by Superintend-
ent Joy, who promptly ejected him Mr. Joy is also a member of the Board
of Trade, and takes great interest in the affairs thereof. He is a niembu:
and sergeant of the justly celebrated Essex Troop, and isn't afraid that his
friends shall see that he takes pride in his military skill and soldierly bear-
ing, and is also major of the popular Frelinghuysen Lancers.

Alfred E. Seliger, the president of the Joy & Seliger Company, is a Prussian by birth, and has been in the business since boyhood.
He is a thorough mechanic, both practical and theoretical : a graduate of the high technical School of Leipsic and Montjoie on the
Rhine. After working for a while in Berlin. Eupen, Hanover and Goettingen. like many of his brothers, he bade adieu to the
fatherland and turned his face toward the setting sun. On his arrival in this land of promise he stopped a short time in Baltimore,
then came to New Vork, where he obtained employment at once a< superintendent of the fancy goods department of the Berlin &•
Jones Envelope Company. After this he stopped a few years with the Elliott Manufacturing Company, as manager. Better

advantages offering, he accepted a position as manager of the fancy goods department
of the then well-known Riley & Osborn Manufacturing Company, and came to Newark.
His early career and the ease with which he obtained employment in a strange land
and among strangers, gives a notable demonstration of the great value of a technical
education to a young man starting out in the world. Thrice armed is he who is well
grounded in the theory of his calling. While Mr. Seliger keeps the business close in
hand, scrutinizing every detail with untiring care, and with a push and vim which is a
part of his strong but elastic nature, lie keeps the fire of business success brightly
burning. Like his partner he has a social good nature, and loves his lodge, for he is a
bright Mason and well up in the workings of the mystic art. He is a director ui the
Board of Trade, an institution which he delights to honor, all the workings of which he
studies with much interest. He is also president of the Columbus Market Company
of New Vork. While Mr. Seliger, as it is easily seen, is a very busy man, he never
forgets his soldierly instincts or martial bearing, or that he is a Prussian. That he
may keep bright the memory of Moltke and Kaiser William he is a member of the
popular Essex Troop, and is an ex-caplain of Company G, Eleventh Regiment, Xew
Vork State Militia.

Charles Harry Batkin, the polite and efficient superintendent, is a native of Birming-
ham, England, and has been a member of the firm from the beginning, and upholds
his part right manfully.

The members of the firm are all gentlemen, and it is pleasant to meet either of them
in their elegantly fitted up offices, whether for business or to have a little chat. As
they Hit through the factory and are always busy as busy can be, they never are in
such a great hurry that they haven't a moment for the amenities.

Besides the home offices at the works in New Jersey Railroad avenue, from
N'os. 53 to 57, they have extensive salesrooms at No. 634 Broadway, New York,
and at Nos. 133 to 13; Wabash avenue. Chicago, and at No. 13 Wellington street.
East, Toronto, they maintain their extensis-e Canadian sales establishment. Thus from
these storehouses and salesrooms of the output of the Joy & Seliger Company of
Newark, N. J., go forth to meet the demands the trade of the world.

I Ilk J. .vs. uOl.tMllUS CLOCK.

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:"pii^'

THE JOY .■!; SELIGKK LAUlbs bfcLi, f.A i t,:-. i ;-.o. igi.ijS? AND NO. 200.561.

THE JOV & SELIGER HAIRI'IN BOX.

WORLD'S FAIR TRI.VKET BOX, I'AT. JAN. 10, 1893. 2213.

196

A-EU-ARK. X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

The RlLEV-lvLOTZ \lA.IS:tJKA.CTUKIMG Co.

ABOUT the year 1853, Mr. John M. Riley came to this
country from England. In 1S57 he began manufacturing
in a small way, satchel and trunk hardware, and other small
articles from metal, in the basement of the Kremlin Building,
Broad streeet, opposite William. A short time afterwards
he moved to the Franklin Building, corner High and Mill
streets ; from there he moved to North Broad street, thence to
Essex street, and from there to the Hedenberg Works. In 1S6S,
whilst manufacturing in Mechanic street, he was burned out.
During that same year, Mr. P. P. Lynch, an employee of Mr.
Riley, was admitted to partnership, and the firm became Riley &
Lvnch, and so continued until the death of Mr. Lynch in 1883.

Riley-KIotz Manufacturing Co., a company of which our city may
justly be proud. The purchasers entered into possession of the
property on the gth day of March, iSgi. The officers of the com-
pany are Samuel Klotz, president ; Thomas Nichols, vice-
president ; William M.Clarke, treasurer; Theodore J. Gerth,
secretary ; B. J. Riley, superintendent. A number of the
leading business men and capitalists of Newark are among the
stockholders. The directors are Samuel Klotz, William M. Clarke,
Thomas Nichols, Theodore J. Gerth, Edward H. Duryee, John
D. Harrison, Lewis J. Lyons, William H. Davol, Carl A. Leh-
mann, Thomas J. Regan and Bernard J. Riley. The capital
stock is $200,000

The new firm recognizing that to Mr. J. M. Riley, more than to
any one else, was due the fact that the business had grown from

WORKS OF THE RII.EY-KLOTZ M.^N'UF ACTURIXG CO., No. ,^ AND ,., MULBERRY STREET.

After the fire in 186S, they moved to Division place, occupying a
portion of the building now occupied by the present company.

On the death of Mr. Lynch, the firm was changed to Riley &
Osborn, and so continued until it was merged into a stock com-
pany, under the title of the Riley-Osborn Manufacturing Co , and
continued as such, growing to immense proportions, until January,
i8gi, when, owing to dissensions between partners, the entire
concern was thrown into the hands of a Receiver, Hon. J. Frank
Fort having been appointed such by the Court of Chancery, on
petition of the partners, January 16, iSgi.

On the 14th day of February, William M. Clarke, Thomas
Nichols and ISIajor Samuel Klotz, three well-known business men
of Newark, made a proposition to the Receiver, to purchase the
entire plant, real estate, tools, stock and machinery. The propo-
sition was accepted by the Receiver, and the Chancellor con-
firmed the sale. Thus came into existence what is now the

nothing to a great industry, retamed the old gentleman in their
employ in an advisory capacity.

The buildings occupied by the company are located at Nos. 1 7
and 19 Mulberry street, and 8. 10, 12 and 14 Division place,
having a frontage of 40 feet on Mulberry street, and a depth of
100 feet on which there is a si.x-story brick building, one of the
best constructed manufacturing buildings in the ci y of Newark.
They have a frontage on Division place of 100 feet, and a depth
of 123 feet, which is entirely covered with a four-story brick
building, except a small court in the centre.

The entire factory is equipped with the best machinery that
can be secured for the purposes for which they are used. It is
claimed that over $300,000 have been invested in tools and
machinery alone. The total floor space of the factory is more
than 75,000 square feet.

It would be impossible to numerate even a small portion of the

.XEUARK. X. /.. ILLUSTRATED.

197

Bait •*>f?Sr»-,

WORKS OF THE RILEV-KLOTZ MAXCFACTl'RIMO CO, NOS. 8, lo, u AND 14 DIVISION' PLACIC.

articles made by this company. It is claimed that the numbers
run to over seven thousand. They make bag and satchel frames
and trimminjjs and trunk hardware, metal campaign goods of
every description, toilet and manicure sets, all sorts of metal
fancy goods and novelties, military and society goods : sample
case and trimmings, album and Bible clasps and mounts, fancy
box handles, hinges and ornaments, ladies' belt buckles and

OFFICERS OF THE RILF.V-KI.OTZ M.WL FACTURIXG COMI'.^NV.

trimmings, metal buttons and cloak clasps, millinery ornaments,
fancy brass ornaments for mounting. Specialties in fancy
stationers' goods, match holders, thermometer stands, smokers'
sets, whisk broom holders and handles ; fine lamps and bronzes,
fine art metal goods in cast brass and bronze, musical metal
goods, band lamps and cornet mutes, metal dog collars and dog
collar trimmings, bridle front chains and bands ; hardware

specialties, pocket, hand and
dark lanterns, metal numbers
and letters, the Star patent
oiler and engineer's lamp, in
short, anything or practically
everything that may be made
from metal.

The new firm have been very
successful, and to-day the busi-
ness stands as one of the
greatest industries in the city
of Newark, employing when in
full operation, between three
and four hundred people, and
paying in wages more than
$125,000 per annum. Their
goods are sold throughout the
entire United States and Can-
ada, and markets have been
lately reached in some foreign
countries. The New York
store is at No. 529 Broadway,
corner Spring street.

198

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

DIX.ON vS: RIPF'EL.

THERE is perhaps no one interest in Newark
to-day which has shown such a healthy and
continued growth as the brush business. The
manufacture of high grade brushes constitutes a
very important industry. The establishment of
Dixon & Rippel is not only the most prominent,
but is also the oldest established in this city. In
the year 1S57 this house was founded by Mr.
Edward Dixon, the senior partner of the present
firm. In 1866 he admitted Mr. "SV. Di.xon to
partnership, and the firm became known as E. &
W. Dixon. In 1S91 the above firm dissolved and
Mr. Edward Dixon continued the business under
the name of Newark City Brush Manufactory. A
few months later Mr. Albert A. Rippel was
admitted to partnership and the firm became
known as Dixon & Rippel.

Mr. Edward Dixon, the founder of the firm, is
an old citizen of Newark. He is a practical
brush maker, and has been actively identified
with the brush business in this city since 1S52.
The old sign (Newark Brush Factory) can still be
seen on top of the factory building, at Nos. 50
and 52 Market street.

Mr. Albert A. Rippel, the junior partner, is a
native of Newark, and has been actively identified
with the brush industry since iSSo, having grown
up in the business from boyhood. He represents
•what is called young blood in business, and since
his connection the firm has experienced a

continued increase in business. He is one of the few men who are to-day called successful salesmen. The high grade brushes
manufactured by this firm are fast becoming celebrated for their superior construction, durability and practical working qualities.
Always using the best materials, and combining the highest mechanical skill with thorough experience, they feel confident in
claiming to produce the best brushes in the market. This firm enjoys the distinction of carrying on a general brush manufacturing
business. They are not confined to any one particular branch, but manufacture everything in the line. Their trade in consequence

mXIJN" i- RIPTEI.'S r.KUSH WOKK.S, CljKNtK MARKKT ANLi PLANE MKll 1-

EDWARD DIXON.

ALBERT A. RIPPEL.

NEWARK, X. /, ILLUSTRATED

199

is very large, and extends all through the United
States and Canada.

Mr. Rippel personally attends to the business
on the road, and also directs the movements of
other salesmen which the firm employ.

The firm occupies the entire building at No. 30
Market street, and also part of No. 52. It is four
stories in height. The salesroom and office
occupy the first floor. The second floor is the
stock room. The third floor is the jeweler brush
department. The entire upper or fourth floor is
devoted to the general manufacture of brushes.
They also occupy a floor with power in the
Hedenberg Works, where all the boring, sawing
and woodwork is done. Every facility is em-
ployed pertaining to the business, and the ser\-ices
of about thirty-five to forty workmen are required.
They are the sole manufacturers of the Dixon &
Rippel Patent Leather Varnish Brushes, standard
numbers 30 and 70. The line of goods manufac-
tured embraces brushes for jewelers, silversmiths.

I.NTBRIUK VltW, OKKICK AND S.\1.ESKOO.\1 .

I.STERIOR VIEW, MAIN BKLSII MAKI.NG DEI'ARTJIE.NT.

men of quick business energy, and have a
practical knowledge of the business they are
engaged in. They have a high reputation for
honesty, and fully merit the confidence which is
continually being placed in them. The stamp of
Dixon i: Rippel on a brush is of itself a sufticient
guarantee of its superior workmanship and cjuality.
The illustrations on these two pages will convey
to the reader a general idea of this imijortant
industry-. The cuts represent only a small part
of their plant, which is now being operated to its
fullest capacity. The firm contemplate making
extensive improvements in the near future, which
will enable them to largely increase their business.
Employing every facility pertaining to the busi-
ne.ss, it is not surprising that the firm should have
a national reputation, and should hold an enviable
record in connection with^their prompt, accurate
and satisfactory dealing. The photographs of the
proprietors will be readily recognized as represen-
tative business men of Newark, who have the
interest and general welfare of the city at heart.

dentists, platers, watchcase makers, metal
workers, leather workers, hatters, oil cloth,
saddlery hardware, shade-cloth and wall paper
manufacturers, in fact everything in the shape of
brushes used in a manfacturing business.

The firm has also added what is called a paint
line. It embraces brushes for painters, vamish-
ers, kalsominers, paper hangers and artists. The
success attained in this line is remarkable. The
firm now claim to produce brushes which are
superior to any in the market in this line.

They constantly have on hand a large stock of
manufactured brushes from which consumers can
select. All orders which have to be made up
specially are promptly attended to, and filled as
soon as possible.

The stock and variety of household and toilet
brushes on hand is also large. The firm does
both a wholesale and retail business, and con-
sumers find it to their advantage to deal with
them. Messrs. Dixon & Rippel are both gentle-

ixti;kiu.< view, bokini;, sawin(; ash wuoiuvukk uepaklsien r.

200

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

FHIXE.A-S JOXES tS: COMl'AXV.

PRIOR to 1S40 all carriage wheels were made by hand by the
carriage makers of the country, without the aid of any
machinery whatever, the spokes being shaved out by hand, the
hub morticed by hammer and chisel, and in fact, the whole wheel
constructed in so slow and laborious a manner that a single set
was considered an entire week's work for one man. In the year
1840 S. G. Reed, of Worcester, Mass., established a factory on a
small scale for the manufacture of wheels as a separate and
distinct industry. He employed only one man and an apprentice.
This apprentice, named E. J. Whittemore, learned the trade
thoroughly and came to Elizabethport in 1855 with his brother,
O. A. Whittemore and Phineas Jones, and they, under the firm
name of Whittemore & Jones, established a wheel manufactory,
which was the first in New Jersey. In 1S56 the Messrs. Whitte-
more retired, and Mr. Jones conducted the business successfully
alone until 1S60, when Mr. William H. Baldwin was admitted, and
the firm name was changed to Phineas Jones &- Co., as at present
constituted. In i860 the business was removed to Newark, and
in 1864 their present buildings were purchased, which have been
enlarged and extended as the increase of business required, until
they are at present extremely spacious as shown by the above illus-
tration. From the commencement of business the principle of the
house has been to make the best constructed wheel possible, and
to do this by the aid of improved machmery and skill and care of
manufacture. Phineas Jones was a natural mechanic, and much
of the wheel machinery in use to-day was first conceived by him.
The firm of Phineas Jones & Co. enjoy the reputation of making
the best wheel in the world, and this reputation extends not
only throughout the entire United States, but also into Canada,
England, France, Germany and Australia. It is a reputation
built up and maintained by the greatest perseverance, and has
been and will be most zealously guarded. The reputation of the
Jones wheel is of such magnitude, and is so universal, that it is

an acknowledged fact among the carriage trade that a vehicle will
sell easier and for a larger price, if the salesman can assure his
customer that the Jones wheel is under the same.

For the protection of the buyers of carriages, the house many
years ago adopted a distinctive style of number, which is
stamped on the face of the hubs of every set of wheels they
manufacture. These numbers are composed of straight lines
only, without curves, and they appear only on the genuine Jones
wheels. The first grade wheel made is also stamped "Jones'
Best," for the further protection of the buyer.

Phineas Jones, the founder of the house, died April 19, 1S84.
During his life he was extremely popular with all those with whom
his business brought him in contact. He was prominent in public
and political life, having represented his district in the State
Legislature during 1874 and 1875, and in 1880 he was elected to
Congress from the 5th Congressional District of New Jersey, and
declined a renomination only on account of failing health. In the
city'of Newark no one was more highly respected than he, and
his death was universally regretted.

The firm at present consists of Mr. William H. Baldwin, who
has been with the house since 1859, and Mr. Henry P. Jones, the
eldest son of Phineas Jones, who was admitted in 1875. The
efforts of these gentlemen have been directed toward further
increasing the high reputation already earned, and that they have
done this is shown by the fact that their business is larger and
the quality of work produced higher than ever before. Their
annual production is about 20,000 sets of wheels, which are
shipped to all parts of the world. A striking peculiarity of the
house, and which will serve better than any other to illustrate the
business methods and character of the firm, is the long term of
service of the men employed. Many have been with the house
for twenty-five 3-ears, and a few for thirty-five years. Father
and son are often seen working side by side.

iVElVARK. N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

Works ok r.KOKHK HKoWN ,v to , llT SI'ONI. ( ON IKAC 1 OUS, -.111 TO ->ril PASSAIC STRICKT.

OKORGE UKOW.N & CO.

TllIC above cut represents the street front of the stone-cutting
])lant of Messrs. George Brown & Co.. and is the largest
and l)est equipped in the city, and in fact there is no stone-cutting
plant in the counlr/ which is ss well arranged as this for doing
work quickly and well. The business was started in 1S50 by Mr.
George Hrown, corner Market and Ward streets, and has occu-
pied the present location for about twenty years. The yards are
entirely under cover, and extend from Passaic street to the
Passaic River, where the rough stone is discharged from vessels
by a large steam crane on the dock. The entire yard is traversed
by two traveling steam cranes, seventy foot span, and capable of
carrying a weight of fifteen tons to any part of the works.

^^.

_, -.1

*fn£c

■

GEORGE BROWS.

The yards being entirely covered, work is carried on contin-
uously without regard to weather, thus enabling this firm to push
ahead with their contracts and have the stone stored dry, ready
for prompt delivery. The machinery consists, in addition to the
steam crane, of gang and rip saws, planing machines, rubbing
beds and turning lathes, in fact everything necessary to carry on
this business as required by these pushing times.

As samples of the kind of work which is entrusted to the firm
of George Brown .& Co., we have only to point to the twelve
story Prudential palace of industrial insurance, which stands a
beacon of ])rosperity in beauty f>f architectural grandeur, the
material for which they furnished and placed in the walls. The
beauiiful building of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western
Railroad Company, at the corner of li.xchange Place and William
street. New York, which they comjjlctcd in the very short period
of seventy-two days. To the imposing structure on the corner
of Market and Washington streets, which they can point to with
equal pride. This building they erected for the United States
Credit System Company. They number among the many other
.superb structures which stand to their credit, the Buckingham
Hotel, the Columbia College buildings, and the General Theo-
logical Seminary buildings in New York city, and The Mutual
Benefit Life Insurance building, the Clark residence on Mt. Pros-
pect avenue, the old Post Office building and the National Newark
Banking Company in this city. Also the Paterson Savings
Institution in Paterson, N. J.

Besides the work of erecting buildings, George Brown &• Co.
take in the line of monumental work, and many of the richest
monuments of the Newark cemeteries, as well as those of
Greenwood, Woodlawn and Trinity cemeteries, in New York,
have been turned out by this firm. Among the many beautiful
monuments this firm have made and erected are the Firemens'
Monument, Mr. William Clark's, Hon. F. T. Frelinghuysen's,
Hon. T. B. Peddie's, in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, and Mr. James
Smith, Jr's., in the Cemetery of the Holy Sepulcher.

So complete are the arrangements of this firm, in every respect,
that they are able to turn out work more quickly than any other
firm.

NEWARK, \. /., ILLUSTRATED.

A. H. WOODWARD & CO.

THE firm of A. H. Woodward & Co., consisting of A. H.
Woodward, of this city, and Charles W. Maxwell, of Pond
Eddy, New York, was established by its present proprietors in
1878, for the purpose of quarrying and selling bluestone for street,
sidewalk and building purposes. In order to supply the largely
increased demand for good sound material, the firm utilized the
resources of the Delaware Valley, and quarries were opened
along the line of the Erie Railroad, which are prolific in supplying
immense quantities of the finest and most attractive grades of
bluestone. The principal quarries of the concern are located at
Pond Eddv, Pike county, Pennsylvania, also Pond Eddy, Sullivan
county, and Deposit, Broome county, New York. An average
force of 175 men is employed at these quarries in cutting out and
handling the stone which is shipped by cargo and by carload to
all points along the Atlantic seaboard.

The Newark Bluestone Company dates its inception from
March, 188S, when it was founded by A. H. Woodward & Co., in
order to facilitate the advancement of the bluestone trade in the
city of Newark and suburbs, as well as throughout the State.

the rise of water had washed away tlie slight earth covering and
it felt the touch of the footstep of the fisherman or hunter in
pursuit of fish organic. But the time came when the iron horse
had penetrated the wild regions where the rich bluestone lay
awaiting his coming. Capital was not long in pointing out the
way to the quarry men who stood ready to open the priceless mine,
and to-day an industry in the bluestone of the mountains is in the
full tide of a prosperous career. Thousands and thousands of
cords of great slabs of the precious stuff finds its way over all the
great railroads, to the yards of the city, the very choicest of which
reach the extensive yards of the enterprising company under
consideration, over the Erie Railroad.

Here in the great saw mills the monster slabs are torn asunder,
passed to the planers, dressers and rubbers, where they are fitted
for incorporation with brick, mortar or timber, in the building
operations being carried on, or to take their place at the curb and
side of the street, where they make the finest and most durable
sidewalks in the world. The architect never pleases the fancy
better, nor satisfies the eye more readily, than when he turns out
a combination in which bluestone is a component part of the
building of his work. Bluestone always looks well, whether it be

yMMMm.

This company became incorporated under the laws of the State
of New Jersey, and the officers are A. H. Woodward, president ;
C. W. Maxwell, vice-president, and William F. O'Connor,
secretary and treasurer. The premises occupied by this company
cover an area of 375 x 225 feet, fronting on Passaic street, opposite
the Erie Depot, and running back to the Passaic River. The
stoneyards and docks are literally covered with all kinds of rough
and dressed stone for building purposes. The mills and cutting
sheds, located at the north end of the tract, give employment to
seventy-five skilled and experienced hands ; and as the buildings
are equipped with the best stone-working machinery, operated
by steam power, the facilities for producing large quantities of
rubbed, sawed, planed and dressed stone are apparent. Among
the well-known local buildings supplied with the product of this
company, are the Essex County Penitentiary, the American News
Company, the Fidelity Title & Deposit Co., Messrs. Wilkinson,
Gaddis & Co's. warehouse, Mr. Gottfried Krueger's residence,
United States Electric Lighting Company, Mile-End Thread
Works, and many public school buildings of this city.

The untold wealth which lies buried in the mountain regions
of New York and Pennsylvania in the bluestone of nature, is
indeed fabulous. For thousands of years it rested untouched,
except as here and there along the banks of rushing rivers where

in foundation, for trimming, in side walls, or for cap stone, and
with the brownstone of the home quarries, pressed brick from
Philadelphia, or common reds from the Hudson.

Although the bluestone industry is yet in its infanc)% enough
has already been done to settle the fact of its superior lasting
qualities wherever exposed to the influence of climate and
weather, and so far as its qualities of resistance to the tread of
busy feet of man or beast is concerned, it is beyond question
superior to anything else yet used, and to use an old but trite
saying, " it wears like iron."

Standing at the gates of the bluestone yards of A. H. Wood-
ward & Co., watching for a few moments the unloading of the
heavily burthened cars of the Erie, direct from the quarries at
Pond Eddy, and the loading of the great dra)-s constantly arriving
with the beautifully dressed and polished stone, a wonder came
up that would not be satisfied till it had an explanation as to
where such immense quantities were consumed.

To this the answer came : " Look abroad over the great city of
Newark and its surroundings, and away over the State and across
the Hudson, at the buildings erecting and the interminable art-
work of sidewalks, and away along the seaboard, already in
realization of its beauty and endurance, and demanding its
consumption."

NEW ARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

203

204

NFJIAKK, a: /., JLLUSTKATED.

9*.

"0^

'L^L-

INTERIOR VIEW OF M. MAYER &.SON, STEAM STONE liKI --^l

M. MAYER & SON.

TO make a declara-
tion is one thing,
but to settle a fact is
another. Sometimes
mistakes are made in
the latter owing to
difficulties surround-
ing, which are some-
times left unsettled,
since their plain,
honest look, too often
leads to evidence in-
volved being taken for
granted without pro-
per inspection. In the
former, mistakes are
unnecessary and un-
called for as the fact
should stand out in
the full blaze of trutli
before the declaration
is made.

In Newark, N. J.,
Illustrate u, so
guarded has been the
pencil of the artist
and so fortified the
pen of the writer by
authentication, that no
picture or statement
has found a place
on its pages but what

is truthful. Thus, as may be seen at a glance the statements
made in regard to the cut stone industry of M. Mayer & Son now
under consideration were gleaned on the spot and will stand the
test of the most exacting, and bring forth the declaration that not
half has been told of the magnitude of M. Mayer & Son's stone
industry as conducted by this enterprising and go ahead firm.

This business was established in 1S57, by M. Mayer, ,Sr.
Shortly after, Mr. J. Martin associated under the firm name of
Mayer & Martin. Since the death of Mr. Martin in 1S80, Mr.
Mayer, Jr. succeeded and since then the business is carried on
under the name of Mayer & Son. This firm handles all kinds of

stone produced
in the United
States and
Canada ; also
those imported
from England,
Scotland a n d
Germany.
Among the
buildings erect-
ed by this firm
are A. T. Stew-
art's Memorial
Cathedral, ca-
thedral schools,
Ijishops r e s i-
(lence, etc., at
(iarden City,
L. I.; Cathedral
(i the Holy
Cross and
Church of our
Lady of Perpet-
ual Help Bos-
M. MAVEK, FOUNDER ton,Mass; Syra-

J-

-^QJI

^;a

.d^

<KS, I'ASSAIC RIVEK,

cuse Savings Bank, Syracuse, N Y. ; Dime Savings Bank, Emanuel
Baptist Church, Lafayette avenue and St. James place; Church
of the Holy Trinity, Montrose and Graham avenues, Brooklyn ;
J. Ruppert's residence. Ninty-third street and Fifth avenue ;
Arnold and Constable's residence. Eighty-third street, near Fifth
avenue ; Isaac Sterns' residence, Madison avenue ; J. Rothchild's
residence. Fifty-seventh street, between Fifth and Si.xth avenues ;
Havemeyer building. Church, Cortlandt and Dey streets ; Sol.
Sayles building. Sixth avenue, between Ninth and Tenth street,
and various churches in New York City. In this city. Dime Savings
Bank, Second National Bank, Murphy Varnish Co. building, Hon.
G. Krueger
residence, F. J.
Kastner, Esq. ,
residence and
a great many
other buildings.
The establish-
ment is located
on the Passaic
river, between
the M arke t
and Centre
street stations
of the Pennsyl-
vania railroad
and has all the
facilities re-
quired to exe-
cute large c( n
tracts with
dispatch, such
as diamond
saws, rubbing-
beds, planing
machines, etc. j, ^,^,.j.^_

NEWARK, N. /.. ILLUSTRATED.

205

JAMES REILLY, STEAM IIRESSING STONE WORKS, PASSAIC KIVER, IIAKKISDN.

JAMES re:ill\-

Till-; cut stone interests of the city forms a very important
industry carried on in the city of Newark. Amonjj the
enterprising citizens who represent the trade are to be found
some of the shrewdest and ablest business men in the United
States.

Prominently connected with the business in this city, for nearly
forty years has been Mr. James Reilly, whose yards are situate
on the Passaic river, nearly opposite the Centre street depot of
the Pennsylvania railroad.

On this page is seen an illustration of the extensive works of
James Reilly, as well as the speaking photographic like-
ness of Mr. James Reilly. the founder of the stone cutting indus-
try as truthfully represented in the illustration. From quarries
all over the country the stones are brought in bulk by river and
railroad, where they under go the preparations necessary for
fitting them to enter into the great stone structures which are
growing up under the magic touch of skilled masons all over the
land. This is done by the help of the lattest and best improved
saw and polishing tables run by steam, and by the chisel and
mallet of the practical stone dressers, a large number of whom
are given constant employment. Something of the extent of the
cut stone industry carried on by James Reilly can he gained
by a reference to the buildings, the stone for which have been
prepared in ths yard of Jam^s Rjilly, viz :

St. Joseph's Church and St. Vinsent's Academy, Wallace place;
Wilkinson, Gaddis & Co., Broad and Fair streets; Merchant's
Insurance Co., Broad street: Wickliff Street Presbyterian Church,
Boston street and Thirteenth avenue, Newark, N. J.; St. John's
Church spire. Decker Building, Orange. X. J.; Christ Church,
Main street. East Orange, N. J.; New Jersey Central depot, Com-
munipaw, N. J.; U. S. Post Office foundation and Hand Building,
Scranton, Pa.; St. Agnes Church, R. C, and St. Mark's Church,
Episcopal, Brooklyn, N. Y.; St. JIary's Church, R. C, Pough-
keepsie ; Aldrich Court. 45 Broadway ; Columbia Building,

Broadway and Morris ; Morris Buil ling. Broad and Beaver;
Clark's Mansion, Ninetieth street and Riverside drive, New York.
Since the death of Mr. James Reilly, the founder, in i8g2, the
business has been conducted by his son and surviving ])artner,
Mr. Charles Reilly, under the direction of our fellow townsman,
Mr. James Moran, the mason builder.

JAMES KEII.I.V, FOU.NUKK.

2o6

Nf.\\Ah'k\ N. /., ri.LUSTRATRD

VllvW OF KICILIA' BROS., BLUE STOXE WORKS, OX OCiDEN NKAR CLAY STREET.

KEILLV BROI'HERS.

Tin-; reader who carefully turns over the illustrated pai;es of this work, and notes the brief ske'ehcs accompanying the
engravings, will at a glance discern that competition and rivalry has in a large degree played an important part in
the steady progress of the manufacturing industries of the city. It is met with in all the various interests, and in every
department of trade it has encouraged and stimulated inventions and enterprises in private as well as in public business. Honor-
able competition in business may not be the quickest way to success, but after all is it not the surest, the happiest and the best in the
end ? In this connection the attention of the business community is called to the illustrations displaj-ed on this page. They convey
some idea of the blue stone industry which at the present time attracts the attention of both owners and builders to the unexcelled
and admirable durability of this beautiful stone and its adaptabihty for building purposes. When we consider the amount and various
industrial interests for which Newark is noted there are but few which have come to the fore more steadily or with a greater

prestige than the stone trade
business. The demand for blue
stone material is steadily in-
creasing. Hence it is not sur-
prising that capital is being
invested with considerable vim
in the quarrying, marketing
and finishing of this useful and
durable stone for building pur-
poses. The young and ener-
getic firm of Reilly Bros, are
practical stone workers, with a
tliorough knowledge of the
industry in all its In-anches, and
are prepared to furnish on rea-
sonable terms at the shortest
notice, all kinds of mantels,
hearths, sills, steps, chimney
caps, coping and every descrip-
tion of trimmed and cut blue
stone. They make a specialty
of setting and laying of side
walks and curb stones in a
workmanship manner and are
prompt and reliable in all trans-
JOHN K. RKii.i.v. actions.

1 lloMAS KKll-l V.

X/:il.lh'A\ \. /.. II.LVSTRATED.

207

MONG the prominent stone dealers of the

city we find none better known than Van
Stccnberg & Clark, located at the corner
ot Oj^den and Gouverneiir streets.
These gentlemen, both of whom
have been in the bluestone busi-
ness all their lives, engaged in
the wholesale business a t
Westbrookville, N. Y., about
fifteen years ago. In iSSo
they came to Newark and
opened a yard on Passaic
street, at the foot of Third
avenue. Here they re-
mained seven years, when
they moved to their present
location. In the meantime,
by close attention to busi-
ness, and by fair and honor-
able dealings, they have won
the confidence of their customers,
and their business has grown from
a small beginning to its ])resent pro-
[xirtions. The average number of men
now employed is from thirty to fifty. Blue-
stone, as a building stone, has of late years
gained great favor am<mg the architects and jacoh ci.ark.

builders throughout the country. On account of its
great strength and durability, together with its beautiful and lasting blue color, it is now extensively used for trimming some of the
handsomest buildings being erected. As specialties of this firm's work we mention the following : Prudential Building, including
all bluestone in the building and the spacious sidewalk around it ; The I'nited States Credit System Building, the Ballantine Building
on Market street, Keigenspan's Brewery, Essex County Brewery, Esse.x County Insane Asylum and Essex County Jail.

Not only in business circle-; are these gentlemen well known but in social circles as well. Both arc members of the North ICiul Club,
Mr. Van Steenberg being a member of the B( ard if Governors. He also served the city as Alderman for eight years.

WII.I.I.\M VAN STEENItEKO.

WILLIAM H. (lOBLE.

JAMES MORAN.

IN \\A. ages men have endeavored to provide their families
with a home. From this desire, perhaps, was created the
master mason or builder Many citizens are enagaged in this in-
dustry here, prominent among whom is Mr. William H. Goble.

whose photo
is given here-
with. He has
for years been
identified with
the building in-
dustry of New-
ark, and is a
well-known
contractor with
a large e x p e-
rience in the
building line.
He is a worthy
rcpresentat i ve
I f the fraternity
I r master build-
ers and the
building trades
genera Ily, of
Newark, where
1 is favorably
known for his
industry, integ-
rity and p e r-
sonal worth.

WILLIAM M. (iOlll.K.

AMONG the most useful citizens of a manufacturing com-
munity like Newark, are to be found the mason
builders, who erect the homes, factories, school houses,
church edifices, and buildings of every form, wliicli adorn the
streets of the
city, or add tn
the convenience
or comfort of its
people. Many
able and enter-
prising men are
engaged in this
calling, promi-
nent a m o n g
whom may be
mentioned Mr.
James Moran.
whose photo is
herewith given.
He is noted
among the lead-
i n g industrial
men of Newark
and its suburbs,
and has ever
proved himself
to be a thor-
oughly conserv-
ative business
man.

JAMES MUKAN.

208

NE]]\ARK, N. J , ILLUSTRATED.

!■! IWKIO A -\1. l,u\\ AX. V -\\

.N I ^.1 l-.AJ

;,vM 1 I-, W I iK

POWERS & IVIcOOW^^N.

THE above engraving represents the Fairmount steam stone
granite works of Powers & McGowan, and is an admirable
illustration of what enterprise and business sagacity can accom-
plish. These enterprising citizens engaged in their present
industry thirteen 5'ears ago, with little or no credit and a capital so
small that it would have hopelessly discouraged an^-body not pos-

sessed of the vim and courage that were characteristic of these men-
Success, however, has crowned their efforts, and their entire
attention is given to the manufacture and erection of fine marble
and granite monuments, head-stones, tablets, statuary, crosses,
figures and emblematic designs of every description. Estimates
furnished upon application at the office of the works, Nos. 468
and 470 South Orange avenue, opposite Fairmount Cemetery,
Newark, N. J.

JOHN E. WESTERVELX.

THE name of John E. Westervelt, whose profile is represented
on this page, has long been associated with the sign industry
of Newark, he having succeeded to the business established b)- his

honored father a
number of years
ago at Xo. 791
Broad street,
where it is still
carried on. Mr.
Westervelt is a
pract i c a 1 me-
chanic in art of
manufacturi n g
artistic signs of
all kinds, and is
among the lead-
i n g e.xponents
of this art. He is
one of the sur-
viving veterans
of the late war
having served
his countr}'
with honors in
the Twenty-
sixth New Jer-
sey Volunteer
JOHN 1- . \vi;-i LKVELT. Infantry.

CHARLES PFEIL.

CHARLES PFEIL, house, sign and fresco painter, paper
hanging and kalsomining, No. 68 Mechanic street, is the
enterprising gentleman whose portrait is herewith given ; a me-
chanic in every
sense of the
word in t h e
trade he so ably
represents. The
premises occu-
pied are spaci-
ous and com-
modious. Only
skilled work-
men are em-
e m ployed. A
large assort-
ment of the
finest wall
papers are kept
in stock. Mr.
P f e i 1 has at-
tained a repu-
tation for ex-
cellence of
work, and
makes a spec-
ialty of church
decorating.

■HF --.iilf'"''' MB!!!^

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

209

TheStar Heelplate Co

THE Star Heel Plate Co.,
(Sacks and Richmond,
proprietors), are the leaders
of the class of goods as
manufactured by them, prin-
cipally among the list
being standards and lasts,
combination lasts and heels,
stiffeners and plates, at the
same time they add a new
industry- to the city. Their
trade extends from the
Atlantic to the Pacific, and
as a number of articles man-
ufactured by them are cov-
ered by patents, it enables
them to retain sole control
of a valuable line of goods,
including the gem or work-
man's friend, a valuable
article for families t<> repair
their own shoes. Their ex-
tensive works are located at
Nos. 63 and Si Polk street.

W 'kK^ ft i MK SI AK HI 1 i.

ICM.K SIRKI: 1 .

FRANK U. r^ELLO.

CH.\KLES E. LONO.

MR. FRANK D. PELLt), whose portrait is herexviih given, is
manager of the Metropolitan Manufacturing Company for
this city and State, and is one of the foremost men in the install-
ment business. He is lenient with good customers, but hard on
those who try to beat the company. He is a prominent Mason,
is a Knight Templar and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine and a
member of other social organizations.

MR. CHARLES E. LONG, whose photo, is herewith given
has for the past quarter of a century been identified with
the F. W. Devoe & Co. Varnish Works, of this city, as superin-
tendent. Mr. Long is a veteran of the war for the Union, having
served honorably in the gsth New York Volunteers, and is at
present a member of Garfield Post, No. 4, G. A. R.. Department
of New Jersey.

FR.\N"IC I'. riiLl.u.

NE]]'AJ^K, N. J. ILLUSTRATED.

NEWARK EMBROIDERINQ WORKS.

WILLIAM V. EGBERT & CO.

FEW industries carried on in the city of Newark require a
greater amount of skill than the work of embroidering. In
some of the samples turned out by H.
Bornemann at his Newark Embroider-
ing Works, Nos. 7S lo 84 Shipman
street, there is a delicacy of pattern
and perfection in figure, style and
finish which are indeed charming. We
are privileged to show an illustration
on this page of Newark, N. J., Illus-
TR.vrEU, from which, as a study, many
very interesting and instructive facts
may be learned, that the reader might
otherwise fail to glean from other
sources of information.

The industry was established ten
years ago &nd has grown to its pres-
ent large proportions under the push
and vim of its present proprietor,
who is also the founder, and few
among our great manufacturing con-
cerns have taken better pains than
this, to have the very best of me-
chanics and artisans in their employ,
to obtam the latest improved and
very best machinery as their help
meets, and to turn out a higher grade
of products to meet the markets of
the world and supply the daily
mcreasing demand for embroidered

goods. Mr. Bornemann has let none of the means pass which he
could bring to bear in reaching that desirable end. Among the
many classes of goods which may be named as undergoing the
metamorphosing process of embroidery there may be mentioned
flannels of many grades, velvets, plush, cashmeres, satins and
other silk fabrics in many colors, styles and patterns, which space
will not permit to mention. Also corner embroidered handker-
chiefs in initials or otherwise.

F THE many products of Newark brains and industry, one
of the most important is the manufacturing of machinists'
and plumbers' supplies. It has so
many branches and ramifications that
it offers to a man of a mechanical turn
of mind, e.xceptional opportunities for
tlie discovery and introduction of
important improvements.

The house of William V. Egbert
& Company has been connected
during the past eight years with the
manufacturing of machinists' and
plumbers' supplies of every descrip-
tion. The house has been a promi-
nent factor in promoting these
industrial pursuits since its establish-
ment in 1886. The business has been
successfully conducted at Nos. 35 and
37 Mechanic street. A photo of the
founder is herewith given. The firm is
well-known in the mills, factories and
shops of the city, and they have an
extensive trade in general supplies.

NEWARK EMHKliIDEKING WORKS, SHIPMAN STREET,

Patrick H. Corish.

IN A letter written home I))- Gov-
ernor Carteret, in 16S0, he said,
" at Newark is made great quantities
of cider, exceeding (in quality) any we have from New England,
Rhode Island, or Long Island." The town was then noted for its
excellent cider, and the city is still noted not only for its choice
cider, but for the superior quality of its manufactured beverages,
or " soft drinks " as they are familiarly termed. Among the num-
erous mineral water manufacturers, the name of Mr. Patrick H.
Corish, is worthy of mention for the delightful, cool and refresh-
ing lemon and cream soda, ginger ale, sarsaparilla, birch, rasp-
berry, pineapple, etc., for which this enterprising citizen has won
a well earned fame. The business is conducted at Nos. 36 and 38
Lexington street, where he has erected an admirably equipped
and well arranged plant for the successful carrying on of this
important branch of industry. The photo of Mr. Corish is here-
with given, and
a single glance
at which will
convince the
reflecting that
he carries in the
lines of his face,
that genius and
determina t i o n
which wins the
victoiy in the
battle of life,
hiiwever great
the truths t o
unravel, or ob-
stacles to over-
come. His
([uick compre-
hension led him
early in his ca-
reer to manu-
facture nothing
but what will
bear the test of

W1I.I.I\M V. EOIIEK 1.

purity.

PATRICK H. CORISH.

NEWARK, K /.. ILLUSTRATED.

\\M. BROWE 8: SON.

AT THE top of this page the
reader will find beautifully
illustrated the interior of the
chandelier, gas and electric fix-
ture establishment of William
Browe & Son, of No. 36 Bank
street, near Halsey street, New-
ark, X. J. This firm makes a
specialty of bronzing and regilding,
and contracts for fitting dwellings
with electric bells and lights.

HARKY W. SMITH.

HARRY \V. SMITH, a photo-
graph of whom appears on
this page, belongs to that class of
Newark fellow citizens, who are
never content to let their life run
along in the f>ld rut, but who have
brain matter enough to not only
conduct a business successfully,
but also to take time to delve deep
in the channels of information and
go searching among the defiles of

the mountains and^in the laybrinthian workshops of nature. A
look at his electrical conduit or electro magnetic invention to
supercede the cumbersome trolley system of propelling street cars
will quickly satisfy, that'the.alchemy of his nature is astir and may
yet startle the world. Successful in business. Harry W. Smith now
stands at the head of one of Newark's largestmen's furnishing
goods, merchandizing and light goods manufacturing establish-
ments, which is located at Nos. 202 and 204 Market street.

INTKKIOK VIEW OF WII.I.IAM IlKOWK •■(: SOS, ClIVNDELIER, GAS AND El.ECTKlC ri.\TUI<KS, 16 HANK Slid 1.1

MORRIS D. MA.CKNEX,

AM( )X(; the successful and progressive young business men ot
Newark, Morris D. Macknet is a notable instance. This
gentleman has been identified with the steam heating business
for some years, and stands at the head of his ])rofession. His
handiwork is seen in scores of the leading buildings of this city,
for instance, Peddie Memorial and First Congregational Churches,
Miner's Theatre, Headley's Trunk Works, and others. He is
senior member of the firm of Macknet & Kenily, 17 Clinton street.

HARRV \V. SMI 1 I

M' lUKH D. M.VLKNK 1 .

212

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

ED\VAl>JO SIMOX & BROS.

THIS firm, whose cuts form the iUustrations on two pages of
this work, was founded thirty-five years ago by Mr. Edward
Simon, in a small shop on Market street, with but two workmen.
Daring the war for the Union his business gradually increased
through the great amount of, contract work turned out for the
Government. After the war, his brothers, Samuel and William,
became associated with him in business under the firm name of
Edward Simon & Bros., opening their factor}^ on Fair street. In
iS6S Morris Schwerin became a member of the firm. On account
of the increase of the industry the firm, in 1S70, built their present
plant on St. Francis street, which they have continually increased

made of the great heaps of lumber trunk slats, which tower in your
presence like young mountains. Second, of what use can such an
immense variety of materials of all kinds, seen carefully heaped
on all sides, be in the work of manufacturing such simple articles
of comfort or luxury par excellence, as are trunks and bags ? And
third, how can so much and such a bewildering style, form and
shape of machinery be made use of? In answer, it will be said,
it is the easiest matter in the world, since everything goes like
clockwork ; method predominates in every move in the conduct
of the great concern. At the moment when the signal sounds,
every operative of the vast swarm is in his place ; the saw wheels

until at the present time it occupies thirty city lots, with ten
adjoining lots, on which they store their lumber. In 1885 Samuel
and William Simon withdrew from the firm, and were succeeded
by Morris Schwerin and Edward Simon. In 1S90 Edward Simon
died, and since that time the business has been carried on solely
by Morris Schwerin. The firm manufactures everything in the
trunk and bag line, such as frames, clamps, locks, hinges, etc.,
and also do all their nickel, gold and silver plating. Their
business is very extensive, shipping goods to all parts of the
United States, the great South American Republics, Spanish and
British possessions, and even to the cities of Europe, where thej'
prefer American goods to those manufactured at home.

The firm has been awarded gold medals at the Vienna Exposi-
tion in 1873, and the Paris Exposition in 1878, and several
premiums at the Centennial Exposition. They also manufacture
their own trunk boxes, their plant being one of the largest in the
line. A visit to the plant of this great manufacturing concern is
full of interest. First, you will wonder what disposition can be

its way through the board like lightning ; the planer sputters its
way along the length of the rough slat, and from bench to bench
the torm moves on, from hand to hand, till the finished trunk or
bag is in readiness for packing or shipment. As the numbers of
finished bags and trunks take their alloted place which the skilled
packers know so well where to find, and they always have room
for another and another, as in almost endless succession the
making, finishing, packing and carting away goes on, the latter
accomplished on huge vans, where hundreds, yes thousands, go
out daily, piled high behind the patient horses, which, with the
ever busy drivers, shippers and handlers start them away to the
railways and steamboats on the first stage of their journey to the
busy commercial marts of the world. What to the novice would
appear, as the van with its towering load moves by, as a single
trunk or bag, may be but one of a " nest " of a dozen or more,
graded in size from the grandest, huge Saratoga, filled with com-
fortable apartments, (with rooms to let) along down to the wee
little boxy of a trunk, in which to pack the dolls, fine fixins', etc

A'EIFAA'A'. X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

TRAVELIIiG HAG.

In looking over the finished products as they enter the packing
department, where the higher grades are carefully covered with
a coarse but soft grade of cloth, to guard against the almost
inevitable certainty of destructive marring of the costly leathers
with which they are covered, during their transportation to
distant places of sale and consumption, the wonder grows as to
how it is possible to reach such a rich consummation of results as
are so fully demonstrated to follow the track of this industry- as
carried on in this great concern of Edward Simon ^- Bros.

In timber growing sections of the country, and where sawing
mills abound, there are found those which make a specialty of
trunk slats, which such great trunk manufacturing establishments
as this of Edward Simon & Bros, use sc > largely as to make the
supplying of these simple parts a business in itself, yet very
indispensable necessities are these to the conduct of the work of
trunk making. Although not deeply interested, yet a by-stander,
as he sees the great loads of these slats in the rough, pa.ssing into
the yards of the company, will be set to thinking where they all
come from, as the line of drays and carts, unbroken, moves on.
So with the lumber, which goes into the naked boxes or frames,
some of which is sawed thin to meet the want in the forest mills,
while the larger proportion goes through the sawers and planers
in the factory. The call is not alone on the timber land but the
rames of our Northern New Jersey, where the iron ore has been
pocketed away for centuries, must be called upon for her contri-
bution in the cords of hooping materials to keep the parts

•.Ml -' -!!■ MTINi . 1. \...

together, as also for locks, hinges and nails and multiplicity of
other uses to which the iron of the country is applied.

Not yet satisfied are the gormandizing propensities of this great
industry-, but some of the more than three score tanneries which
have their homes, housing and yards in Newark, must be called
upon to supply their share of the material, or else there could not,
nor would not, be any of the more finished, richer and costlier
outputs of the trunk industry carried on. The leather to cover
and beautify the larger proportion of the better grades of trunks
must be forthcoming, and then to Ije utilized it must pass through
the wonderful splitting machines and feel the delicate touches of
the embosser, which leaves its artistic evidences where they may
be seen and admired as marvellous samples of the handiwork of
genius. Not yet has there enough passed in the kaleidoscope of
material necessaiT for the trunk's completion, but the brass
worker and tack maker must join the procession to complete the
line of march in the endless run which the raw material takes in
making the journey through all the manipulations in the great
Simon trunk manufacturing concern, before reaching its ultima
thule in the finished trunk productions, and goes forth to supply
the growing demand of the merchant, salesman and consumer.

The wonderful success which has followed close upon the
conduct of this great trunk and bag manufacturing business is
due entirely, since the death of Mr. Simon, to Morris Schwerin,
whose genius and tact is everywhere manifest. Large quantities
of the trunks and bags which are the output of Mr. Schwerin's
factories, go to the g^eat stores at No. 543 Broadway, New York,
where he keeps employed a large corps of salesmen and clerks,
busy supplying the trade of the world.

GENT'S DRESS TRtNK.

SOLE 1.EAT1IKK TKU.N'K.

214

NEUWRK, X. /, irj.USTRATKD
WILLIAM O. HEADLEY cS: SO>4.

IX FEW, indeed, of tlie illustrations which make this book an
art as well as business treasure, has the artist's pencil, sup-
plemented by the graver's tool, brought out for its pages a more
truthful representation of any one amon.g the thousands of
Newark's diversified industrial establishments, than in the beau-
tiful pen sketch here seen of the great brick structures in which
is housed the trunk and bag manufacturing industry of William
O. Headley & Son.

This property passed into the hands of the present owners and
occupants some three years ago, the quarters which the}' then
occupied, and which had been the home of the industry for more
than a quarter of a century, becoming all too contracted for the
rapidly expanding business of the firm of William O. Headley &
Son. They must needs have more enlarged quarters to meet the
growing demand for the popular brand of goods which they
manufactured. After the purchase was made b)' Mr. Albert O.
Headley, the present sole proprietor, an immediate renovation
and improvement of the old building took place, and an immense
new factory building, 80x150, and six stories above ground, with
extensive basements and attics, was erected. When all was
finished and the great buildings furnished with all the latest and
best approved machinery
and appliances for the
making of trunks and
bags, and the entire
paraphernalia of the old
establishment, which was
the result of a more than
thirty years' ingathering
by the founder of the in-
dustry, William O. Head-
ley, now deceased, who
was a connoisseur, in-
deed, in all the machines
and appliances which had
a tendency to speed the
work and add to the
qualitj', beauty and util-
ity of the trunk and bag
industry, was removed to
the new home, only a few

\-ards away, but over the old familiar Passaic, which had flowed
by the east windows of the old building, on its way to the ocean
and back again, and which would now flow by the west windows
of the new Headlej- factory, in its endless round of ebb and flow.
Everything being in readiness, with steam up in the great boilers,
made by Lyons & Co., of Newark, and the engine, of one hundred
horse power, also of Newark make, the engineer and firemen,
and the more than three hundred of skilled operatives, laborers,
boys and girls, packers and shippers, are in place when the word
is given, and the great engine, like a thing of life, moves off on
its endless round of ruthless toil, and the great industry of trunk
ancf bag making, peerless in many respects, and with few parallels
in the industrial world, is again under way and turning out more
than a quarter of a million trunks and finished bags every j^ear,
and taking their place in the rapidly flowing streams of supply to
keep full the great ocean of demand, and yet never gorging the
consumer.

Few are they who have in the hurry and scurry of business, or
even of those who live a life of pleasure, ever taken a moment to
consider the industry of trunk and bag making, its magnitude
and bearings, and its great influence on the growth and pros-
perity of the city of Newark. The reader of the facts recorded
on this page, devoted to the trunk and bag industry' of Newark in
general, and of the manufacturing firm of William O. Headley &
Son, (Albert O. Headley), engaged therein, in particular, will
doubtless awaken to the fact that the trunk and bag industry forms
a very important integral part in its manufacturing greatness.

W':'0.HeADlfY45oN.
TRUNK56BAGSI

• WAREROOMS,
588BF10ADWAY, M.Y.

since he will find by a cursory examination onh". that there are
nearly a score of factories in the city of Newark where trunks and
bags are made, of which at least one-half are great concerns
alread)-, and all the rest healthy and growing.

A few hours cannot be more pleasantly, and we may safely say,
more instructively or advantageously spent than while engaged
in a tour of inspection through the great rooms in which the
trunks and bags are made and wherein is placed such an inter-
minable maze of machinery, belts and pulleys, as to keep him on
the lookout for his leader and explainer, and out of reach of
danger, which seems so suspiciously near on all sides and quite
menacing. The great variety and immensity of the number of
processes through which the material is made to pass during the
various stages which lead up to the perfected trunk or bag, are
bewildering indeed, to the novice. As the expert or one that is
thoroughly acquainted with or seasoned to the business, who is
chaperoning the visitor (for none other is permitted to act in such
a responsible place) is smiling over our manifestly evident timidit)-,
is fearless amid the rattle of saws and planers, the bang of
hammer, the fly of pulleys, or ply of belt, so thick all about us,
and so carelessly are they responding to the touch of the great

steam engine dispensing
its power with might and
main in its work of assist-
ing the deft fingers of the
mechanics engaged in the
work of converting the
raw materials used in the
factory for the upbuild-
ing of the finished trunk
or traveling bag.

Looking at the trunk
and traveling bag indus-
tries from the standpoint
of to-day, the mighty
changes which have been
wrought would prove
startling indeed, to those
who have never given a
thought to this particular
branch of Newark's man-
ifold manufacturing pursuits. In the good old days of the long,
long ago, the trunk was made by the individual, and a finished
production was turned out as the workmanship of a single pair of
educated hands. All the parts were manufactured on the spot.

In this branch, like all the others, the changes have been the
result of steady progress toward which the increasing demand
for a greater supply must needs be made to meet.

For their efforts in the upholding of Newark's reputation, and
for the material aid which Mr. Albert O. Headley (William O.
Headley & Son) has given, and the marvellous degree of influence
which this house has brought to bear in the upbuilding of her
manfifacturing greatness, too much credit cannot be awarded.

Ever with an eye single to her greatness as a manufacturing
centre, has this house watched every move in the industrial trend.
Without these men, men who have ever been ready to defend the
honor, growth and prosperity of the oXty of the home of their
industry, and in which they have risked capital and personal
repute, Newark never could have occupied the proud and leading
position among the industrial centres of the world that she does
to-day. All honor then to the trunk and bag makers, and the
representative men generally, who stand at the head of the many
other leading industries which have had their homes and housings
erected here through their choice and influence, and may they go
on for years m their successful way, adding new lustre to their
own names and securing that competence which is ever due to
the men of good judgment who have the push and vim, and who
never falter in the face of difficulties.

XF.UARK. X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

RAILROAD XRAXSPORXATION.

AS THE hardy old New Englanders pushed their shallops and
fiat boats up the Passaic and rested on their oars at the
point where now the great Pennsylvania railroad draw-bridge
spans its waters, little thought they that such mighty improve-
ments as now, not only mark the spot, but extend in almost
unbroken lines for miles and miles in all directions, would greet
the future. As they doled out in the sternest sense of honor the
fuiii pro quo to the Indian for the lands purchased, and when
they constructed their first rude homes, they little thought of the
magnificence to follow, but like many another they built better
than they knew. Every appearance indicates that in laying out
the wide and beautiful streets, and in zealously guarding the

passengers only), wheeling the wealth of continents and the people
of nations to and fro, conferring speed and safety to the former
with the addition of comfort to the latter. More than a dozen
depots or station houses are scattered all over the city, where the
trains stop and start, passengers arrive and depart, giving the
very amplest of acconmiodation to everybody desiring to go or
come.

The old Market street station which was long an eye-sore to
Newark's sojourner or traveler, went the way of that at Centre
street and like that, a new, attractive, capacious and comfortable
building took its place. Our artist has given a striking picture
of the same, which we know will be scanned with interest and
satisfaction, as it appears in all its architectural beauty and finish
as will also the elegant, large and comfortable waiting room

^mwiK^rllK!

li.XTlikluu vii;\v

.\l,Vlv.<i:r .SlKliliT .SIATIU.S, I'EN'N.SY1.V.\N'I.\ N.MI.KOAli.

open parks, there must have been an utter abnegation of self, and
the exhibition of such a marvelous care and forethought for the
good of others, that they must have had something of a forecast
of the future. It really seems that they m.ust have felt that
the foundations of "their infant city were being laid in very con-
venient, as well as pleasant places, as few cities of the Western
Continent are so fortunately situated as Newark, to get into or
get out of. Her situation on the highway of land, commerce and
travel, at the wide open door of the commercial emporium of the
great open sea and just in the way of the untold wealth of the
Pennsylvania and New Jersey mines, rich in coal and iron, have
tended mightily to her upbuilding, and has made it necessary
that six great railroads should pass through her streets and by
her doors, five of which are trunk lines over which nearly a
thousand trains ply daily (three hundred and fifty of which carry

thereof which appears on the opposite p.ige both of which
have been reproduced from pictures taken by our well-known
fellow townsman, J. Rennie Smith, whose ability in the art of
photographing is unsurpassed. The company have also provided
for the safety and comfoitof the traveling public by a tunnel con-
necting the main depot with the passenger station which does
away with the necessity of crossing the tracks.

The truly beneficient ch.aracter of the great steam roads is seen
in the one fact that thousands who do business in Nev? York have
their homes, and rear and educate their families in Newark,
where they can have the advantages of cheap rents, low taxes,
invigorating air and pure mountain spring water. But little
more than a half hour of time is consumed in the passage to
and from.

Througn many of the streets are already running the swift,

2l6

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

safe aud capacious electric cars, which have taken the place of
old tramway horse cars, speed and comfort superceeding the
slow plodding and tiresome horse locomotion. Progress is the
word. Not alone do the electric cars bring benizens of comfort
to Newark, but the outlying suburban towns and growing young
cities as well. Long before New,\rk N. J., Illustrated, in
all its beauty and attractiveness shall have been fully read and
enjoyed, such an absolute institution as the once favorite old
horse cars will be things of the past and even ancient Belleville
and royal blue South Orange will have been waked from their
lethargy and be ready to repeat, " Progress " is the word.

The State of New Jersej- has reason to be proud of the
Pennsylvania railroad. The broad corporation arms of "advance
and improvement" have reached out in all directions, clasping

tional facilities for our city. Newark's position as a city is envi-
able. She is so close to the new world's great metropolis that the
market pulsations of the world are under her finger, and she can
count their irregular beating, and through the medium of the
Pennsylvania Railroad's New York Division, her inhabitants can
at the shortest notice take a train that runs through or connects
for any point in the States. Think of occupying the position at
one of the main terminals of a railroad whose rails if laid end to
end would put a girdle of steel around the earth ; whose coaches,
cars and locomotives in daily use East of Pittsburg alone would
reach from Newark to Philadelphia and thence to Lancaster and
back again ; a line whose yearly gross earnings in Pennsylvania
State alone amount to $30 for every man, woman and child ;
whose length of line operated aggregates 12,000 miles of track

: 1^ ik \-l I w

>V MA 10-; I I

X \--VI.\\\NIA 1;

the State of New Jersey in an affectionate embrace, aiding her
in the development of her natural charms and supplying her with
the greatest railroad highway in the world. The far corners of
this State, in olden times, were a week's journey apart. Now,
through the enterprise of this line of steel, they are less than a
day. The produce of the farm, the product of the manufacturer
and commodity of the merchant are taken up at their doors and
conveyed to the thresholds of those who need them.

It is impossible, in the limits of a brief review, to discuss satis-
factorily all the potentialties that are operating on behalf of the
continued progression of Newark in trade manufactures and
population, but that its exceptional transportation facilities have
much to do with it. is a self evident fact. The marvelous
improvements made in Newark from a railroad standpoint speak
eloquently for themselves, yet it is but the beginning of addi-

built in the best manner, and being constantly improved under
the ceaseless efforts of the operating department ; whose engines
are a synonym of stength and power, speed and safety ; whose
cars are palaces on wheels, embodying luxury and strength ;
whose trains are under the protection of the finest appliances to
insure safet}- known to modern railroad science ; whose admir-
able passenger service is patronized to the extent of carrying over
78,000,000 passengers per year ; whose freight cars transport
more than 122,000,000 tons of freight (more than that carried by
the entire Merchant Marine of Great Britain) per annum ; whose
management has surprised the world and earned the plaudits of
the traveler, bj' providing the finest in appointment, swiftest and
best passenger train on the earth, the "World's Greatest Pass-
enger Train," the " Pennsylvania Limited." And Newark throbs
with the growth of prosperity.

xruth-K

r . I r I VST RATED

217

ISTKKIOK VIKW ol" THI-: I.A.mi,- -WAITING ROnM, MAKKI. 1

.1. I > I A I !■ r\

I ilK l'l-..\N>\ i,\ AMA KAII.KiiAli.

I^. e'OURLA-ENDER. Ji

1\ NICWARK business circles arc tn be found many able, pro-
liressive and farsijfhted men. but few more so than Mr.
B. Courlacnder. Jr.. the able representative in this city, of the
Pennsylvania Railroad. Mr. Courlaendcr is the passenger a^fent
of the Long Branch District of the Pennsylvania system, which
comprises all portions of New Jersey North of the Camden and
Atlantic Railroad, with the exception of Jersey City, Hobokcn
and a few stations on the line of the West Shore Railroad, and all
reports of passenger business within his district are made tr> him.
His office is in Newark, at the corner of Broad and Market
streets, and it is the recognized headquarters in this city for
information regarding railroad matters. Mr. Courlacnder is a
thorough railroad man in every sense of the word, devoted to the
interests of the company he represents and extremely popular in
in business circles generally.

J.\Mi:^S K'. SiMITII.

THKRK are but lew citizens in Newark engaged in the indus-
trial pursuits who are more highly esteemed for their atten-
tion to duty, than our fellow townsman, Mr. James R. Smith, a
photo of whom is herewith given. Kor more than half a century
this energetic citizen has been connected with the railroad
business in various positions, and at present is supervisor of
section B of the Pennsylvania railroad. Along the ever busy
steel highway of the grand old " Pennsy," from New Brunswick
to Jersey City, there are employed many old grey haired veterans,
of the war for the Union, into who.sc homes Mr. Smith has sent a
ray of sunshine. For several years he has been highly compli-
mented by his superior officers, for the admirable and unrivaled
condition in which the section of roadbed under his supervision is
kei)t, thus maintaining the industrial reputation for which the
citizens of Newark have been noted.

""X

-• ^

-H,

N ,

-♦.

B. COUKL.AKNiJtK, Jk.

J.XMKS K. SMITH.

2l8

NEWARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

CEiNTRA^L RA.ILROAD COMl'A.NV OK XEW JP2RSEV

AS EARLV as 1SO3, a movement was started to build a road
from Newark to Jersey City. A committee was appointed
to promote the movement, among the most active of whom were
Isaac Pomeroy, John McGregor, Philetus W. Vail, Thomas
Agens and J. E. Gaul.

Early in iS64an organization was formed by the election of Isaac
Pomeroy as president and J. E. Gaul as secretary. Strenuous
efforts were now put forth, and the committee succeeded in
interesting nearly all the business men in the central portion of
the city, and their numbers grew until over 150 were enrolled.
The Legislature was petitioned, and in 1S66 the charter was
granted, being approved March
I. Courtland Parker, Esq.,
represented the committee
before the Legislative Commit-
tee on Railroads as counsel,
and J. M. Scovel, then Presi-
dent of the Senate, lent valu-
able assistance in pushing the
bill through.

The incorporators, as named
b)' the charter, were the
Messrs. Cornelius Walsh, A.
Hardenburgh, John McGregor,
T heodore P. Howell, Edgar B.
Wakeman, Job Falkenbergh,
John Hall, Theodore Runyon,
Benjamin C. Miller, G. Van-
Horn, Robert L. Smith,
William Keeney, Isaac Pom-
eroy, Adolph Schalk, Philetus
W. Vail, James W. Durand,
Daniel Demorest and George
D. Woodruff, all of whom had
been more or le.ss active in
interesting the people in the
project and in keeping it promi-
nently before the Legislature,
and in securing its passage.
Supplements to the charter
were passed in 1S67, 1S70 and
1871. Immediately after the
granting of the charter, a per-
manent organization was
formed by the election of Hon.
John McGregor president,
which position he held until the
road formally passed into the
hands of the New Jersey Cen-
tral Company. The road was opened on July 23, 1S69, though
the regular running of trains was not commenced until August 2,
when the first schedule took effect with twenty-nine trains each
way daily, the first leaving Newark and New York simultan-
eously at 5.45 A. M., and the last at 11.45 \\ m Within a short
time numerous changes were made in the running of trains in
order to meet the wants of patrons.

The popularity of this line to New York will be noticed from
the fact that beside the trains being enlarged, their number has
increased to forty-six each way daily, and in addition thirteen
trains each way daily are run between West Side Avenue (West
Bergen) and New York.

The Elizabeth branch, which connects Elizabeth and Newark,
was opened in 1S72, and over this thirty trams each way daily are
run, connecting at Elizabethport for Perth Amboy, South Amboy,
Matawan, Freehold, Keyport, Red Bank, Long Branch, Ocean
Grove, Sea Girt, Lakewood, Manchester, Whitings and Atlantic

City : and at Elizabeth for Plainfield, Dunellen, .Somerville
Flemington, White House, Lake Hopatcong, Easton, Allentown,
Mauch Chunk, &c., and at Bound Brook for Trenton and Phila-
delphia, and all points on the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad.

Although not intended at its inception for a freight road, it was
found necessary to embrace this traffic also, and Us success in this
line is demonstrated by the e.xtension of its tracks and other
facilities to enable it to handle this steadily increasing traffic. A
branch has been laid from Brill's Jnnction to the manufactories
along the Passaic River, in the lower part of the city, connecting
with the works of the New Jersey Zinc and Iron Works, B. Atha

CdPt.g.V/ti0PPEI\. iS^^ H0N.Joi+Nl4^(il\EGOR .

'^^''^^^—^Sr-^

& Illingworth Steel Works, Lister's Chemical Works, Mapes Co.
Works, etc., along the line of this branch at Plank Road a large
delivery j^ard is located, tracks have been laid to Butterworth and
Judson's works, to The Heller &MerzCo.'s works, and a delivery
yard at St. Charles street, near the East Ferry street depot. A
receiving and deliverj' yard running from Mulberry street to Ward
street, has been opened with entrance from both Mulberry and
Lawrence streets, which compares favorably with any yard in the
city. Freight is received from and forwarded to every part of the
United States and Canada, from Maine to California, and no pains
are spared to expedite its movements or accommodate its patrons.
The Central Railroad Company of New Jersey was formed in
1849, by the consolidation of the Elizabethtown and Somerville
Railroad Co., and the Somerville and Easton Railroad Co., and
extended from Elizabethport to White House, and having a
steam boat connection between Elizabethport and New York,
carrying both freight and passengers. In 1S52 the line was

.Xl-:U\4RK. X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

219

extended from While House to Easton and in 1864, from Eliza-
bethport to Jersey City. It has since acquired control of the
Lehigh and Susquehanna road from Easton to Scranton, the New
Jersey Southern road from Sandy Hook to Bay Side, the Free
hold and New York road from Freehold to Atlantic Highlands^
besides several shorter, though imjiortant lines and has always
been a favorite road with the traveling public. In connection
with the Philadelphia and Reading and Baltimore and Ohio
railroads it runs the Royal Blue Line, the fastest train between
New York and Washington. It also operates in connection with
the Pennsylvania railroad, the New York and Long Branch
railroad.

Austen H. McGregor, a photo of whom is herewith given, is (me
of the youngest men at the head of a great mercantile establish-
ment in the State of New Jersey. He was boni in Newark, being
the only son of the late Judge John McGregor. After completing
his educational studies, he entered the clothing business in Newark
as the junior member of the firm of McGregor & Co., and on the
death of the senior, became the head of that large establishment.
Aside from the business under his immediate management, Mr.
McGregor has identified himself with the material progress of
his native city, and is a stockholder and otherwise interested in
some of the most successful mechanical and financial institutions
of the city, as well as taking an active part in the political and
social affairs of the State.

Captain Hopi)er is a Jerseyman, having first seen the light of
day away up in Bergen county, on the 15th of May, 1839, and is a
Newark'er by choice and .adoption. He began his business career
in Newark in 185S, but when he heard the clarion call, like all
other true patriots, he was ready to offer his life in his country's
cause. In 1S51 he buckled on his sword, and as captain in the gth
New Jersey Volunteers, he fought her battles till the close of the
war in iSO;. He was then appointed as ticket agent for the Central
Railroad Company, at Liberty street. New York. He was then
transferred, and for awhile was an e.xtremely popular passenger
conductor on the Allentown line, from New York to Harris-
burgh. In 1S69 he was appointed general agent of the company
at Newark. For nearly a quarter of a century he has filled this
position with credit to himself and satisfaction to the company.

S. M. WILLIAMS, VICK-l'RKSIDENT, CENTKAL R.

OK N. J.

AUSTES H. .M'GREGOR.

Mr, S. M. Williams, vice-president of the Central Railroad of
New Jersey and the Lehigh and Wilkesbarre Coal Co,, though
born in New York city, has been a resident of New Jersey for the
past twenty years, locating in Roselle in 1S72, and may be
claimed as a Jerseyman, as his father was born in Sussex county.
He began his railroad career in 1865, taking charge of what is
now known as the Rumford Fall and Buckfield railroad, in the
State of Maine, in the interest of New York capitalists, who
acquired control of the property. After re-organizing the above
railrr)ad he returned to New York and was, until 1S81, auditor of
the Lehigh and Wilkesbarre Coal Co., establishing the coal
depots in this city, so ably represented by our fellow townsman,
Col. J. E. Fleming. In 18S1, Mr. Williams was appointed auditor
of the Central Railroad of New Jersey. In 1S82, when the road
was first leased to the Philadelphia and Reading Co., he was
appointed by Franklin E. Gowan, then president of that company,
as assistant comptroller in charge of the lines leased from the
Central company. He became prominently known throughout
the State in the celebrated suit of iJinsmore against the Reading
Company to annul the lease of the Central property, and the Vail
suit brought for the same purjmse, being an important witness
in both of these cases as well as in the suit of the Reading
against the State of New Jersey, growing out of the tax law of
1884, in all of which his ability and thorough knowledge of railroad
matters in general were demonstrated.

In 1887, when the Central resumed possession of its properties,
Mr. Williams was appointed secretary to the receiver and con-
troller, managing its affairs during the receivership, and when
the company was re-organized in 1S88, continued in the service of
the company as controller, until the lease of the road to the Port
Reading railroad, in the early part of 1892, when he was
appointed vice-president of that company, continuing in the dis-
charge of his duties as such, until the courts of New Jersey set
aside the lease of the Port Reading Company and directed the
Central management to resume control of and operate its own
properties, when he was elected vice-president of the Central
Railroad of New Jersey and the Lehigh and Wilkesbarre Coal
Co. , both of which positions he now occupies.

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

NlERCHANTs' , Express.

FOR a few years, prior to eighteen
hundred and seventy, this now
great and popular institution had
been run in a small way, and did net
show even an inkling of what it
should be in the future, and it might
have continued on its same old rutty
way, had not young Charles B.
Matthews mightily risked his entire
capital and bought out the concern.
Mr. Mathews' friends, (and he had
many at that early day, for he was a
decided friend winner even then, at
twenty), thought it a great venture
for one so very young to hazard his
all. Time has told, in this case as in
many another, who was right and
who was wrong, presenting but
another demonstration of the truthful-
ness of the old adage, " nothing ven-
tured, nothing had." With the con-
cern, consisting of three horses and
desk privileges and signs on his
hands, Charles B. Matthews threw
his business banner to the breeze,
with a fixed determination to win the
fight, and won it he has, in handsome

style. The Merchant's express had been conducted up to this
time as a sort of Castle Garden tender and baggage delivery, and
had headquarters in Newark and in Church street, near William
and at No. 167 Washington street. New York. As its founders
had the assumption to name it "The Merchants' Express," Mr.
Mathews was not long in determining that in his hands it should
right early have a fame worthy its honorable name. That he
meant every word of his declaration has abundant proof in the
growth of business and its magnificent results. At the end of his
first five years he is found with twenty horses, comfortably stalled
on New Jersey Railroad avenue in his own capacious stables, all
of which are in constant use. The great trucks of the Merchants'
Express are rattling over the stony streets and working along
through the muddy lanes, called streets, here, there and every-
where. The marvellous business tact of Mr. Mathews, and his

)■

CHARLES B. M.\THEWS.

OFFICE ANn YARDS OF THE MERCHA.VTS' EXPRESS, NO. 44 OLIVER STREET.

pleasant affable ways kept up the friend-making business at a
rapid rate, and as the popularity of the Merchants' kept even
pace, its capacity must needs be enlarged, and we find him at this
present, 1S93, with seventy-five horses, and a great steam lighter
with all the other necessary paraphernalia for carrying on the
great express and transfer business of the merchants. Thus has
Charley Merchant, as his intimates delight to call him in honor of
his pet institution, which by his energy, perseverance and excellent
management he has kept at the head of the line of Newark's
progressive institutions, and adding some fresh laurels almost
every year to his growing wreath. In 1SS6, he became the'agent
for the great Sunset Route of the Southern Pacific Railroad to
handle their freight, and to do the collecting at the Newark end
of the line. In 1S8S, he added to his list, Mallery's Galveston and
Texas Steamship Line ; the Ocean Steamship Company and
Central Railroad of Georgia, as also the Virginia, Tenncsee and
Georgia Air Line, via Norfolk, Va., and The Clyde Steamship
Company; New York, Charleston and Florida Lines, all of which
he continues to represent at this time, transferring the freights of
the merchants and the output of Newark's great manufacturing
establishments to the Erie and the several other railroad depots
with his huge drays and vans. To the steamship with his commo-
dious steam lighter, he carries machinery and heavy merchandise,
without cost to the shippers his quid pro quo coming from the
great transportation companies he is representing. While Mr.
Mathews still is a very busj- man and keeps an oversight of his
immense business, yet, he has eased up very materially from the
mighty wrestle and rough and ready willing hand methods he
practiced in " ye olden days " when his business was young.

The ai'tist who made the sketch, from which the illustration
above was taken, was manifestly a man of genius, with such
wonderful accuracy of outline and detail has he executed the
work. Furthermore he made light the skill necessary to make the
plate from, which it was transferred to this page of Newark, N.
J., Illustrated. The very excellent and life-like photo of Mr.
Mathews seen here, needs no qualification at our hand, any one
who has ever seen Mr. Mathews will recognize his genial face at
once and will catch the expression which speaks so plainly the
word "push." A friendly call in his pleasant office at No. 44
Oliver street, will find him not unwilling to give a few minutes
time to your service.

NEIV.IKK. .V. /., ILLUSTRATED.

lllEulHIKb 1. l,AW.-.MK.

LAWSHE'S NEWARK AND NEW YORK EXPRESS.

I.I-.XVIS II. LAWSllK,

THE express business cf the city is one of the utmost import-
ance. Messrs. Lawshe's Newark and New York express
is one of the oldest in Newark, which has, during its existence of
twenty-eight years, become popular and achieved a most gratify-
ing success under the untiring and efficient management of the
proprietors, whose portraits ff)rm the illustrations on this page.
These enterpri.sing Newarkers have a large number of substantial
wagons and some of the finest draught horses in the city. Regu-
lar trips are made each day between this city and New Yf>rk and
a large business is conducted by the firm, who employ none but
careful and reliable drivers. Manufactured goods and mer-

chandise of every description are received at their offices or called
for and delivered in all sections of the city and country. They
receive and send goods and merchandise to all parts of the world
through their connections with other reliable lines.

MOONEY'S EXPRESS.

Rl'-AUICRS of Nkwakk, X. J. h.i.i sru.M i:ii will turn m;iny
pages without striking one where the artist has brought a
representation of a business in finer detail or more clearly defined
lines, than on this where the Newark and New York express
of the Mooney's is seen. This illustration speaks a language
which cannot be misunderstood.

OFFICE AND STABLES OF -MOON'EY'S NEWARK AND NEW YORK EXPRESS.

NEWARK, N. /.. ILLUSTRATED.

G. A. HALL, I'RESIDE:<T OF THE CONSOI, [DATED EXPRESS.

AKIHLR ZIl'K.

THE CONSOLID-A-XED EXPRESS.

IF ANY farther evidence was wanted of the fact that it needed
a man who possessed the requisite amount of vim and pluck,
and who carried just such a level head as George A. Hall to
bring the three or four weakling express companies out of the
drag, it can be found in the marvellous success which has attended
the career of the Consolidated Express Company into which he
ingeniously combined all their interests, forcing, as it were,
strength out of weakness, success out of failure, and rejoicing the
hearts of the honest men who toiled, but did not win. Out of this
comprehension grew the consolidation, and on the first day of
July, 187S, the combine was affected and the Consolidated Express
Company, of Newark, N. J., was incorporated, and flung a new
banner to the breeze, with the names of G. A. Hall, as president.
Park Burnett, Jr., as secretary and treasurer, inscribed thereon.
Twice a day their line plied between their Newark offices at 15^
Fair street, and their New York offices, at Nos. 45 Church street
and 312 Canal street. It will need but a glance of the ej^e of the
physiognomist to see in the very excellent photo of Mr. Hall on this
page the visage of a man of busmess.

ARTHUR ZIRE.

FOR more than a quarter of a century Mr. Arthur Zipf has con-
ducted a general wagon manufacturing, repairing and horse
shoeing industrial estabhshment at Nos. 60 to 62 Bowery, corner
of Oxford streets, where he has built a prosperous trade by doing
the right thing at the right time, always keeping his word and
making some of the best wagons ever turned out. When a shoe
is put on a horse in his shop, it is put on to stay. That those who
have not the pleasure of knowing Ex- Alderman Zipf, as he is now
familiarly called, personally, our artist has transferred his photo
to these pages. It is a speaking likeness, indeed, and shows the
manner of man he is. While keeping a close eye on his business
and watching the progress of the wagons, upbuilding, from the
smoothing of the timber, which must always be the toughest and
most elastic, to the finishing touches of the painter's brujh, he has
still been able to find time to represent the people of his ward in

the Common Council in a most acceptable manner, and is highly
respected by all who know him, as a progressive and good citizen,
and a self-made man, who is a credit to the city of Newark, and
especially to the particular branch of industry in which he is so
largelv interested. The output of Newark's shops and factories
are justly celebrated the world over, not only for the fine quality
of the work done, but for the stering merit of the goods as well,
and it is just such men as ex- Alderman Zipf, who turn out
nothing but good, honest work, that have been the means of
gaining us such an enviable reputation as a manufacturing com-
munity. The business with which he is so thoroughly identified,
that of wagon building, is one that is necessary to the business
of any large city, and affords ample scope for the gaining of a
high reputation, and Mr. Zipf has become justly celebrated on
account of the excellence of his work.

iV Ell ARK, A'. /., ILLUSTRATED.

223

■ss

, 1 -.i^iA-

flj: ffl'S'ffiSiS^."^ ;

.MACillNlC WORKS OF C.EORGE A. OHL & CO., NOS. 157-161 OKATON STRBET,

GEORGE A. OIIL .«<: CO.

Gl!;ORr,E A. OHL, was born in Hesscn-Darmstadt, Ger-
many, on May 18, 1839, and came to America in 1854,
and entered at once upon his apprenticeship as a machinist,
with the Van Clief Locomotive Works, Trenton. N. J. In the
latter part of 1859, he was engaged by the Newark Machine
Company in the manufacture of the Ericsson caloric engine,
the Seth Boyden hat machinery and the Ball cracker baking
machinery. On .\pril i, i.S^ji.Mr. Ohl connected himself with
theHewcs & Phillips Iron Works, this company having the con-
tract from the State of New Jersey for transforming 30,000 fiint
lock muskets into breech loaders. These guns were designed
for and used by the New Jersey soldiers in the late war of the
rebellion. In 1S64 Mr. Ohl took charge of the tool department
of the same concern, remaining in this position until the death
of the late well-known Joseph L. Hewes, October, 1873. Shortly
after the death of Mr. Hewes. he established business under
the firm name of George A. Ohl & Co., for the manufacture of
tools and special machinery. So rapidly did the business
increase that in 1879 the firm was compelled to build the large
brick shop on Passaic street, adjoining the I ). L. & W. Railroad,
where the business of making tools and special machinery was
continued On October 12, 1884. the partnership as then con-
stituted, expired by limitation. Mr. Ohl continued the busi-
ness under the old name of George A. Ohl & Co. , he being
the sole proprietor. His shop was then located on the
corner of James and Essex streets, where the business was
successfully continued for five years.

In iSgo, the business was incorporated with a capital of
$i(X),ooo, Mr. Ohl being president and manager. Immediately
after incorporation, arrangements were made for the erection
of the present large plant, forming the illustration, at 157-161

Oraton street, which was started, completed and occupied May i,
1S90. At this writing the business of (Jeorge A. Ohl &■ Co., is taxed
to its fullest capacity, in the production of sheet metal workers' tools
and special machinery, designed and patented by George A. Ohl.

GKOKOr A.

224

NEWARK, iV. J., ILLUSTRATED

VIEW ON SPRlN'GFIEl.l) AVENUE SHOWING ELECTRIC CARS.

Newark's S freet Car Service

THE street railway s\-steiTi of
the city of Newark and its
vicinity lias been a regular growth
during more than thirty years.
It has passed through the usual
vicissitudes and has now reached
a position from which it can be
developed and extended in all
directions, from Newark as a cen-
tre, to meet all the needs of the
great population which is to oc-
cupy the territory from the Passaic
river to the Orange mountains.

The earliest charter granted for
any hor.se railroad actually con-
structed in this territory, was that
of the Orange and Newark Horse
Car Railroad Company, passed
March 15, 1S59. Others had been
granted for roads to Springfield,
Belleville and Bloomfield, some
years before, but no action had
been taken under them. In ifsg,
the street railroads had been suc-
cessfully put in operation in Phila-
delphia, and parties from that city

took up the enterprise of connecting Newark and Orange. In March, 1S60, charters were granted for the Belleville, Newark and
Broad Street Horse-car Railroad Companies. These three charters were such as to lead to a conflict of powers and to throw obstacles
jn the way of any uniform system of street travel between Newark and its suburbs. In the same year, i860, a charter was granted
for the Newark and Clinton Horse Railroad Company. In the following year, i86i, the charters of the Newark and South Orange
Horse-car Railroad Company and the Newark and Irvington Horse-car Railroad Company were granted, and in 1863, another charter
was granted for South Orange, and in 1S67 for Bloomfield and Montclair, the latter charters containing power to connect with and
run over the city roads to Market street depot upon terms to be agreed on. The Orange and Newark line was first constructed,
under many discouragements. The Broad street line was soon begun, and finally the Orange, Belleville and Broad street lines were
practically merged and passed under one control. This consolidation, under the name or the Orange and Newark Horse-car Rail-
road Company, afterwards passed into the control of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company which owned a majority of its stock.
Meanwhile the road to Irvington through Clinton avenue had been built and operated, but was afterwards abandoned. And the

lines to Bloomfield and to Irvington, by Springfield avenue, and also
the Newark, Harrison and Kearny line had been constructed, and being
dependent on the Orange and Newark for access to the railroad depots,
they were found to be unprofitable. The Harrison line was abandoned
and the Blof)nifield and Irvington lines changed ownership under fore-
closure more than once, until they passed into the hands of a few enter-
prising men, who placed them both under the charge of Mr. S. S. Battin
as president. In 18S4, a complete change took place, which was in fact
the foundation of the success of the entire system. It was evident that
in order to make any of the roads profitable the three separate organiza-
tions must be consolidated and put itnder one control. Accordingly, in
18S4, the parties interested in the Bloomfield and Irvington roads pur-
chased the holdings of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in the
Orange and Newark companj^ and thus obtained control of all the lines
except the Newark and South Orange and that part of the Newark and
Elizabeth line, which ran through the city of Newark. In anticipation
of a consolidation of all the lines, the charter of the Essex Passenger
Railway Company had been obtained, which conferred full power to
buy or lease other roads, and to construct lines anywhere in the county
with the consent of the public authorities. Under this act a companj-
was formed to construct a line from Market street. East of the railroad,
through Union, Elm and Pacific streets, and this company at once
purchased the abandoned line of the Newark, Harrison and Kearney
Company, and formed a continuous line from Harrison over the bridge
to Broad street and through Market to Pacific street. Soon afterwards
the Essex Passenger Company purchased the entire stock and property
of the Orange and Newark and the Newark and Bloomfield companies.
The majority of the stock of the Irvington Company was held by the
same parties, and it was operated by Mr. Battin as president. Under
this consolidation, and the excellent management of Mr. Battin the
THOMAS c. BARR, TREsiDENT N. J. TRACTION CO. Company Steadily increased in efficiency. In 1SS9, it became mani-

NEW ARK, X. y., ILLUSTRATED.

225

InWKK Mill SK. NKW JKKSEV TRACTION L<1., 1 OKNEK llEliKOKH STREET AND SI'RIXOKIEI.n AVENUE.

test that electricity could be used
successfully as a motive power for
street railways and the Rapid
Transit Street Railway Company
was formed by other parties. This
line had remarkable success.

In the latter part of iSSy. Mr.
Thomas C. Barr, of Philadelphia,
who had proved his capacity as
president of two street railroad
companies in that city, had his
attention directed to the situation
of the roads in Essex, Union and
Hudson counties, and formed the
design of consolidatmg them all
under one management as far as
possible. Enlisting inrtuential
friends in the enterprise and co-
operating with some of the gentle-
men who owned the Essex Pass-
enger lines, he succeeded in the
early part of 1S90, in organizing a
new company known as the New-
ark Passenger Railway Com])any,
and by purchase and consolidation
under the laws of the State, this
company absorbed the whole of
the Essex Passenger system. In
April, 1890, all these lines were
united under the presidency and
management of Mr. Barr, with
Mr John N. Akarman as general

superintendent. Immediately on taking control, Mr. Barr proceeded to equip the Irvington line with electricity and had it in opera-
tion as the first electric road in the State, in October, iSip. Soon after this electric line was in operation the Rapid Transit line was
finished and the rivalry and clashing of interests led to much diflficuUy, and threatened to embarass both companies in their plans of
extension and improvement. But in July, iSi)i, all these difficulties were removed by an arrangement by which the Newark
Passenger Company agreed to lease the property of the Rapid Transit Company and assume its liabilities. In the early part of 1S92,
the Newark Passenger Company having obtained control of the Rapid Transit lines, used part of them in connection with its Irving-
ton line in Market street, to make an electrical line from Llewellyn Park in West Orange, through Orange and East Orange, to

Market street station. This was
opened on February i, 1892, and
proved a great success. Witli a
view to reach similar results, by
means of extensicms, with electric
equipment to Jersey City. Eliza-
beth and other towns, and in order
to furnish the most efficient means
of developing the entire street
railway system of the three coun-
ties in harmony, a company was
formed in 1R92, under the general
corporation laws, under the name
of New Jersey Traction Company.
Its main purpose is to control and
extend the lines of the three coun-
ties of Essex, Union and Hudson.
For this purpose it has leased the
entire property of the Newark
Passenger Railway Company,
including the Rapid Transit Street
Railway Company, for 999 years.
The lines now controlled by the
New Jersey Traction Company are
still under the charge of Mr. Barr,
as president. Mr. John I. Water-
bury, president of the Manhattan
Trust Company, is the vice-
president, and gives the financial
interests of the company his
I'oWER HOUSE NEW jEKSEv TRACTION CO., liovD siKEti. special attention.

226

NEir.-IRA', .V. /., ILLUSTRATED

The STA.TE Banking.

CorvlPAIMY.

IT IS scarcely necessary to call
the reader's attention to the
beautiful illustration on this page,
or to say a single word in its praise.
Sel'dom is it that the artist who
pencils such a difficult piece of
work, succeeds in bringing out the
fine lines, with pillar and panel all
combined, with such exactness and
marvellous skill as is seen in the
picture on this page of the model
banking room of the State Banking
Company, situated in the substan-
tial four-story brick building at the
northwest corner of Market and
Halsey streets. This popular
institution was organized in 1S71,
or little nioi-e than twenty years
ago, and under the State banking
laws, and is the only bank outside
of the National household in the
city of Newark. Notwithstanding
this fact the institution enjoys a
popularity as wide as the State and
a patronage from among the bus-
iness men thereof, and of which
any bank might be proud, which
speaks a language in regard to its
management and safety not to be

misunderstood. The capital stock of this distinctly vState bank is
$100,000, which is largely held by men who are leading citizens
of German descent. It will be remembered in this connection
that nearly or quite one-fifth of the population of this great
manufacturing centre is German, among whom are numbered
some of our most highly respected and wealthiest citizens, some
of whom rank as more than millionaires. Indeed this bank has

JULIUS STAFFF, CASUIF.K

INTERIOR VIEW OF THE STATE BANKING COMPANY.

been officered from its beginning by Germans. Its first president
was Mr, F. Reynold, now deceased. He was succeeded by the
wealthy Hamburgh Place brewer, Joseph Hensler, Esq., and he
in 1S79 by Mr. Edward Shickhaus, of the flourishing pork-packing
firm of Shickhaus & Pruden. Judge Gottfried Krueger is vice-
president. Mr. George Webner was its first cashier, he being
succeeded in 1S76 by the present popular cashier, Ex-County
Register Julius Stapff, a remarkably striking photographic like-
ness of whom is seen herewith. He has as his assistant cashier
William Scheerer, Esq., while the popular e-\-president of the
Board of Education of the city is comptroller, with Theodore Horn
as notary. Around the officers the stockholders have thrown a
cordon of as painstaking and careful set of directors as any bank
or other financial institution can boast in the city or State, in the
persons of Albert P. Condit, Francis H. Sieger, C. Feigenspan,
John M. Mentz, Julius Gerth, E. C. Hay, M. Issler, J. Sturm
and C. A. Lehmann, with the officers, all of whom are in
the Board.

If there is one thing more than another which has caused the
adherence of such a large proportion of those who have made
their bow to the Board of Directors and officers of the bank under
consideration, we should have no hesitancy in saying that it is the
genial good heartedness which pervades the whole body, and the
halo of unquestioned safety which runs through every fibre of the
concern and permeates every man in connection, carrying him to
the very pinnacle of determination to hold himself ever ready to
shield from harm every individual for whom he has accepted a
trust.

With such solid financial institutions as this for a basis,
and with every one of her sisters as financially firm as the rocks
of Gibralter, Newarkers have a right to feel proud and while the
men of old P^ssex are glorying over the marvellous growth, pros-
perity and mighty extent of her manufacturing industries, peer-
less among American cities where population is considered, and
marvellous in the world where the skill of her mechanics and
artizans are concerned, they must not forget the illumined rays
of bright financiering shooting out from our banking institutions,
to light the paths of others or to financially enlighten the world.

NEllAKK, X. /.. ILLUSTRATED.

THE F*RUrj)EXTIA.L IX^SURAXCE; CO^/Il^A^I^■.

Tl I E Prudential Insurance Company of America, whose home
office building we show on this page, is one of the foremost
financial institutions in the city, and in fact, in the country, its
phenomenal success having drawn the attention of financiers
wherever its operations are known. It began business in 1S76,
in this city, its object being to issue small policies ranging in
amounts from ten to a thousand dollars, the premiums upon
which are paid in small amounts, weekly. This was an entirely
new field, so far as
this country was con-
cerned, and the work of
extending its o p e r a-
t i o n was necessarily
slow, especially as its
business was confined to
those persons who, be-
fore this, had no practi-
cal knowledge of life
insurance, inasmuch as
it had been impossible
for them to obtain ]«>li-
cies owing to the large
premiums required. Con-
sequently a good deal of
time was expended in
educating the masses up
to the point where they
felt the need of life in-
surance.

Notwithstanding these
drawbacks however, the
company at the end of
the first year had issued
7,904 policies and obtain-
ed a premium income of
814,543. The officers
began, and have contin-
ued to do business upon
a very conserva tive
basis, and it was nearly
two years before any-
thing was attempted out-
side of Newark. But at
the end of that time it
entered other cities in the
State, such as Paterson,
Jersey City and Trenton.
In 1879, it felt warranted
in branching out still
further and deposited
the customary Si(»,ooo
with the State Treasurer,
thus obtaining the privi-
lege of doing business in
other States. It then

opened offices in New York and Pennsylvania. From that time
to this it has gradually extended its operations until now it is
doing business in all the principal cities in the North and North,
west.

It has gained an enviable reputation for fairness and liberality,
especially in the matter of paying death claims. It has always been
foremost in the matter of concessions to its policj- holders. Its
original plan contemplated issuing policies to ever}' healthy mem-
ber of a family between the ages of one and seventy, which was
a great advance over what had been done previously, since the
ordinary insurance companies had confined their dealings entirely
to adult male members. It has also, from time to time, granted

THE PRUDENTIAL UUILUIXG.

other advantages to policy-holders, such as ; Issuing an incon-
testable policy : giving dividend additions to its Industrial
policies ; issuing paid-up term policies to Industrial policy-holders,
and Endowment policies upon the weekly payment plan. At
the beginning of 1892, it arranged to give paid-up policies to
persons who have been insured for at least five years and are at
least eighteen years of age. As soon as the success of the
Prudential had been demonstrated, other companies were formed

to do the same kind of
business, but the Pruden-
tial claims to issue the
most liberal Industrial
policy of any company
in America.

Its financial standing
is unquestioned. Its
peculiar success in this
direction has been due to
the judicious investment
of its funds, which has
not only been safely, but
profit ably done. The
officers have always en-
deavored, in view of the
possibility of the rate of
interest decreasing and
also knowing that epi-
demics are likely to occur,
to secure a surplus over
and above the reserve
required by law.

Their new building
was comiiletcd and occu-
pied by them m May, of
iS<j2. At present the
company occupies but
two floors, renting out
the remaining eight stor-
ies, the expectation be-
ing that as the company
increases, less will be held
for rent and more devoted
to the company's use.

The seventeenth an-
nual statement, which
brings the figures down
to December 1, 1S92,
shows the assets of the
company to be 88,840,853.
The amount of insurance
written during 1892, was
over 897,000,000. The
claims paid were over
82,500,000. The number
of policies issued over
S08.000. The total amount of death claims paid, up to the end of
1892, was over 811,500,000.

The Board of Directors are John F. Dryden, Henry J. Yates,
Edgar B. Ward, Theodore C. E. Blanchard, Seth A. Keeney,
Leslie D. Ward, James Perry, Aaron Carter, Jr., Edward
Kanouse, Horace Ailing, Charles G. Campbell, Elias S. Ward,
Fred C. Blanchard, Forrest F. Dryden. The officers are John F.
Dryden, president ; Leslie D. Ward, vice-president ; Edgar B.
Ward, 2nd. vice-president and counsel ; Forrest F. Dryden,
secretary ; John B. Lunger, actuary and manager of ordinary
branch ; Edward H. Hamill, M. D., medical director ; Theodore
C. E. Blanchard, superintendent of real estate.

NEWARK, X. J , ILLUSTRATED.

THE U. S. CREOIT SVSTEXI COMF'A.XV.

A DISTINCTIVELY Newark institution has its elegant home
in the beautiful nine-story stone structure which the company
has recently erected at a cost of more than a quarter of a million
of dollars, on the northeast corner of Market and Washington
streets, just opposite the point where the electric cars pass and
repass every two or three minutes on their flying trips to and
from Market Street Depot and the city of Orange, and from the
"Neck" to South Orange and Irvington.

This institution, which is so positively to the manor born, was
the fruit of the genius of Mr. L. Maybaum, a Newark man, and
is steadily pursuing its wondrously successful way. under the
push and spur of Newark business men and firmly supported by
Newark capital. As the busy ages rolled by and great institu-

who, of course, is eminently fitted for the place. That no mis-
takes were made in the organization, is demonstrated beyond
question in the rapid progress the company has made and the
popularity it has so quickly won, and the high reputation it has
so early achieved. The company has for their object guarantee-
ing, under clearly defined rules and regulations, the wholesale
merchant against loss, just as under other conditions, a fire insur-
ance company would guarantee against loss by fire. That the
reader may understand at a glance with what wide open arms and
confident e the merchants received the plan of the young Newark-
er's evolution of genius for their protection, is seen in the mighty
volume of business which they did from the start, reaching as their
books plainly show, to over thirty millions in the first three and a

J ?,,<-// s'/ZK

OFFICERS OF THE U. S, CREDIT SYSTEM COMPANY.

tions were founded to meet exigencies and fill crying wants, to
protect owners of property against loss by fire, accidental
insurance, insurance on the life of an individual or endowment,
that was to meet him half way on life's journey, but the industry
under consideration was hidden away in the womb of time await-
ing the call of a thoughtful Newark man to come forth and bring
with him those benizens of safety v.-hich the merchant had
sorrowfully sought for years but found them not.

The United States Credit Sj'stem Company began its career in
iS8S, organizing for work in November of that year by the election
of Hon. W. H. F. Fiedler, who besides being post-master of
Newark under the brilliant Cleveland administration, had already
filled the office of Mayor of his native city of Newark, and
had been elected by the people of his district to represent them
in Congress, as their president ; Hon. Gottfried Kreuger, one of
Newark's most popular and wealthy citizens, a Jvtdge of the
Court of Errors and Appeals, as vice-president ; Ex-County
Register Julius Stapfi", as treasurer ; Mr. Frederick M. Wheeler,
a rising young business man, as secretary, and filling the position
of actuary with the inventor of the system, Mr. L. Maybaum,

half years of their business operations and issuing during that short
period certificates of guarantee against excessive loss by reason of
bad debts to importers, jobbers and manufacturers doing a busi-
ness of at least three thousand millions of dollars. As a farther
evidence of its wonderfully beneficent work among merchants, it
can be said that during the short period of four years, and while
the institution was young and among strangers, who indeed were
found near of kin when formal introductions had passed, the
compan)' paid out more than 8400,000. Thus from the beginning
has the expectation of the genius who formulated the ideas upon
which the company was organized, the capitalists who risked
their money to lay the foundations and build its superstructure,
and the men who lent their good names and risked their hard-
earned business fame, have been realized. Had it been the fruit
of a lifetime of thought, and the evolvement of scores of weighty
years of business toil and mental labor, the happy results so
beautifully spread out before the public could not be otherwise
than satisfying in the highest degree. But here is the full
measure of a business success heaped up, rounded in, pressed
down and running over, giving a handsome return to the men

NEWARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

229

who made the risk, and to the merchants all over the country,
who saw immediately, as the young institution was launched on
the turbulent waters of the great business ocean, of what excellent
material the craft was built, and how splendidly she rode the
billows, and the solid men who were at the helm, and on the
bridge, and at all the other posts of duty, that it was a safe
business craft to sail in. and accepted its promises and are now
gathering a rich reward from the ripe fruits of the first ingather-
ing of the harvest.

For the Credit System Company, no word of Xkw.vkk X J..
Ii.i.isrRATKi), the pages of which are beautifully embellished with
life-like engravingsof the
officers, and the great
palace of granite which
it has built for its home,
can speak the truth of its
marvellous career half so
well as the fact itself,
that the companj-, having
been organized with a
capital of only Sio<->.oo<j,
has at the present time,
assets of over a half mil-
lion, and is daily adding
fresh leaves to the chap-
let of victory. It was a
proud day, indeed, for
Mr. L. Maybaum, wlien
he caught the idea of in-
suring against the bane-
ful influence of bad debts,
and a still happier one
when he had so formula-
ted the idea and skele-
toned the model of the
ship that the officers,
directors and a large num-
ber of stockholders
could see its logic
with the keen, clear
business eye of faith, and
not only risk their own
capital, but advise others
to do the same, in build-
ing and rigging a busi-
ness venture after his
plans and successful!)-
launch her.

The sombre cloud of
bad debts which has
hung like a nightmare of
hideous form and heart-
rending shape over the
mercantile world will
have been swept away
through the benign influ-
ence of safety which is
riding upon the golden wings of the Credit System Company,
in readiness to dispense its benizens of favor.

Here then is a beautiful thought for young men starting out
on a mercantile career to treasure, study and develop. With only
the ordinary precautions in entering upon a business undertaking
need they be troubled. They will need not the experience of a
fair lifetime to guide them safely on in a prosperous career
before venturing. They have only to place themselves under the
protecting care of this Credit System Company, and look at the
world through their argus eye, which has its own peculiar way
of peering into the business part, and with a magic rule taking
the measure of their financial standing and dispensing results
to their customers without fear or favor.

LIJLJ\A/IQ SCHILL.

U. S. CRElJlT SVSIt..M COWl'A.W's BUILUINO.

PRIOR to the time of Daguerre, the wealthy only, as a rule,
had the privilege of gazing upon the face of a friend or his
own even, since few but the rich could command the artist's
pencil and the genius of a painter to enliven the canvas with the
face of the living, to speak out what they were when time with
them has ended here and the original has passed away into a
never ending eternity.

L'pon the crude originals which came out of the old Frenchman's
chamber, improvements have been made from time to time, in

the rare chemistry, as
well as in the magic art
of their production. Pic-
tures have been sent
forth from galleries all
i>ver the world, of this
type or that, many under
new names, but only such
.IS were in reality merit-
' irious, came to stay, the
others to fade from the
plate as the names of
their originators and
makers would fade from
memory, or be stricken
from the roll of recollec-
tion.

For the past few years
tlic photographer has had
the field, and it is little
wonder, since no class of
artists has shown such
abundant reasons for the
confidence of the public
and its lasting popularity.
Among those who have
won from fickle Dame
Fortune her sweetest
smile, and from his pho-
tographic business a n
enduring success, is
Ludwig S c h i 1 1, whose
elegantly equipped studio
occupies parts of the three
upper floors or stories of
the great Credit System
building, situate at the
corner of Market and
Washington streets, and
beautifully illustrated on
this page, and from the
roof peak of which, as is
seen, floats his business
banner bearing the name
of"Schill." The studio
is reached by broad, easy

stairways, and double elevators leading up from'the Washington
street entrance. Mr. Schill is a practical photographer, who.se
success is quite phenomenal, his skill as an artist having not alone
given him popularity, but an elegant competence as well, in
generous return for his honorable work. All the varieties of
fancy lighting and artistic effects are produced.

The rooms are large and airy, and tastefully;furnished ; indeed
everything about this whole unique establishment is very satis-
factory. The elevators before mentioned open at the doors of
the reception rooms. His success in securing correct likenesses
is truly phenomenal Such is his popularity among the mothers
of the little ones that nearly seventy per cent, of his business is
among the children.

23°

NEWARK', N. / , TLLUSTRATED.

The Gas lKrius'iK\-.

ME N who contribute by
brain or capital, directly
or indirectly, to the health,
comfort, happiness, prosperity
or longevity of the masses, are
humanitarians in the most
extended sense of the word,
which, though long is musical,
and carries with it a cadence,
sweeter than almost any other
word in the language, long or
short, and fulminates an illum-
inating power which reaches
the depths of the fountain, from
which is distilled the essence
of success.

Of this class of men, God bless
them, the city of Newark pos-
sesses a larger proportion, ac-
cording to her population, than
any other city in the coun-
try. Far be it from us to
make this assertion in any other
than in the earnest and sincere

belief of its truthfulness, so susceptible to us appears the fact of
its demonstration. And how should this happy state of affairs,
so admirable in all its bearings, apply so happily to Newark ?
This is as easy a problem to solve as was the primary question of its
existance, and it is done in this wise. First, the great majority
of the men who stand at the head of the great industrial concerns^
which contribute so much to its good name and fair fame, were
either poor themselves, or their fathers before them, and know
the difference between pure metal and dross, learned by the
teachings of a practical experience, and having passed through
all the trials, and met the stern realities face to face, are ever
ready to carry out the tenets of the golden rule, to do unto
others as you would have them do unto you.

In passing, niethinks we hear some one say, " Oh ! there are
exceptions." Yes indeed there ai-e, but in Newark so many .great
concerns have been built up from such verj^ small beginnings,
and so boundless has been the spirit of good-fellowship prevailing
among the founders, upbuilders, managers and conductors of the

■ it

\ ii:\v LiK rui: .\i-:w.\kk gas light co ^ looking .\okiiie.\st on m.xrket streli

VIEW of the PL.\NT OE the NEW.\RK G.\S light CO., ON JERSEY STREET.

manufacturing interests, great and small, young and old, that the
preponderance of the rule becomes so great that exceptions are in
fact unworthy of consideration. Such are the men upon whose
broad shoulders rests the duty of upholding her name and honor
and maintaining her credit. When such men, men who have
grown up where adversity lurked, where clouds of business
troubles hting heavy, and it required the clearest e3'esight, the
levelest of heads, and the most careful watching to get a glimpse
of the silver lining beyond, and who have felt the long continued
strain of mental and physical exertion necessary for its dispersion,
are upon the walls, who shall say the citadel is not safe ? All
honor then, to the men whose enterprise, honesty of purpose,
push and vim, and never-saj'-fail spirit have made Newark what
she is, queen city among her sisters in manufacturing interests.
All honor to the men who have led the pure mountain spring
water to every door; who have made travel quick, cheap and easy
from point to point by means of the great steam railroads and
electric cars; who have built the telegraph, the telephone, and set

up the electric light and power,
plants and built the motor and
dynamo; and lastly, the men
who have lighted her streets
and homes for j'ears, keeping
the dark places bright and
chasing evil doers from her
bounds, generously aided by
the gas light through the dark
hours burning. Among these
who have been humanitarians
in its most extended sense,
and who have been watchmen
on her walls, are the founders
of this gas producing industry,
who have held aloft the shining
light for more than a half cen-
tury, and contributed largely
from the storehouse of their
minds to the city's growth and
prosperity, and right well have
their successors upheld the
good names and fair fames of
the men who preceded them.
Space forbids the tribute due
to the self-sacrificing spirits

XEUARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

who have made the light to
shine in dark places. The field
is rich in just such men. and
those with kindred spirits
whose names are truthful
synonyms of progress, and
whose strong right arms have
upheld the blazing gas li.^ht
and gave the word of command
to the veritable army of silent
watchmen ranged along the
street sides, every one of which
have long been miniture
"statues of liberty," lamp
holders lighting the world.
The great industrial establish-
ments which have played such
an important part in the growth
and progress of the city, and
upon which so many of her
public and private interests
lean, deserve a prominent and
conspicious place wherever any
of the city's industries are rep-
resented, and especially so in
this beautiful work of Nkw.vrk,

X. J., Ii.i.usiRAiKri. That our artist has done himself credit in
transferring these immense gas making plants to these pages
will be seen at a glance as the leaves are turned.

We herewith present several views of the works of the Newark
Gas Light Company, that represent one of the most perfect gas
plants in the country. The company has two complete works, by
use of which all the gas required in the city can be made by
means of the Wilkinson system, which is the best and most
economical method for producing a high grade water gas, and bv
the other works, which are fitted with the best known appliance
for economically producing coal gas, it is pos.sible to manufacture
all the gas that may be used in the city.

The Newark Gas Light Company has been, and is, one of the
most successful corporations in the city. Its charter was granted
in 1S45, and the first board of directors were Beach Vanderpool
Isaac Baldwin, James Keene, Samuel Meeker, C. B. Dungan,
Joseph Reakirt, H. D. Steever, Joseph Battin, Jeremiah C. Garth"

VIEW OF THE NEWARK GAS LIGHT CO., O.N TA.SSAIC RIVEK.

N MAKKI, I M UKfcl.

waite. The company has been successful from the commence-
ment of its operations and has always been managed in a
conservative, but progressive spirit. The officers now are,
Eugene Vanderpool. president ; Edward II. Wright, vice-presi-
dent ; James P. Dusenberry, secretary ; John I. Voung,
treasurer ; Alfred E. Forstall, superintendent. The present
board of directors are, Eugene Vanderhool, Theodore Runyon,
Edward H. Wright. Marcus L. Ward, Robert F. Kallantine]
John R. Emery. S. H. Plum. Franklin Murphy. H. N. Congar.

Some of the gentlemen who.se names appear in the direction
and in the official list, have been connected with the gas-producing
interests since the first organization of the Newark Gas Light
Company. They have been eye-witnesses of the growth and
progress of the city, and have been, along with their associates,
the means of throwing more light on the subject than any other
class of our industrial citizens. The gaslight industry as con-
ducted in the city of Newark, is not alone a business requiring the

appliances of science as well as
the resources of capital, but is
an essentially productive one, as
the financial standing of those
who have found their life work
where the gas for light pro-
du(;ing is manufactured, can
truthfully say. No industry of
the rapidly growing city of
Newark has been fostered with
greater care than that of gas-
making. Nor indeed has there
been many which can vie with
it in the rapid progress made
from the very foundation. As
the reader glances at the array
of business names which appear
in connection with the industry,
the great foundation's reason
for its prosperity will be seen
and its future easily divined.
No illustrations in this book
speak a more comprehensive
language nor tell a plainer
story than those relating to the
gas producing industry

232

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

VIEW OF OFFICE AXD WORKS OP THE CITIZENS' GAS LIGHT COMPANY.

THE CITIZEXS' QAS LIGHT CO.

THE extent and value of an industry may be judged, perhaps, more correctly by the amount of capital invested for the purpose
of carrying it on than in any other way. In particular is this the case in the rich and productive industry of manufacturing
gas from coal or water, for heating, lighting and power purposes. Newark has proved a very prolific field as is demonstrated in
the fact that already three companies, with a capital of more than two millions, are engaged in conducting gas manufacturing
establishments, employed in the work of turning out a product which finds a market and consumers very near the factory. For the
three decades, before the time when Newark began her phenomenal growth, there was but one set of gas making apparatus, but it
could be easily seen that the industry was a rich repaying one. When Newark grew on and on at such a rapid pace, when capital
from nearly every part of the world found its way to this manufacturing centre, and thousands of the best skilled workmen and
mechanics of many nations gathered within her factory walls, and new homes which were springing up on all sides became the habita-
tions of the rapidly increasing body of artists and mechanics, the necessity of a greater supply of gas for lighting the long lines of new
streets, which were reaching out in all directions and as well as the immense rows of dwelling houses, where the mighty army of
workmen had their famihes domiciled, was easily seen. One of the first to see the want in its proper light and to take up the subject

DOCK VIEW FROM PASSAIC RIVER OF THE WORKS OF THE ClTIZEX.s' (.iAS LIGHT COMPANY.

XF]l-ARK. X. /, ILLUSTRATED.

si:iri<iv \i vii-w 111- rm-: works oi-- the iitizkns i;a.s lu;iit C()Ml•A^•^

of a greater gas supply, was the wide-awake business man and indefatigable worker, Andrew A. Smalley, Esq., who had been
successfully conducting a steam boat freight line, between Newark and New York. Of course, some objection was raised by the old
company, which had the field all to itself, but Mr. Smalley and a few other spirited capitalists, who could see the silver lining behind
the dark cloud, procured a charter and organized a new gas manufacturing company, with a capital of a million dollars, and bestowed
upon it the name of The Citizens' Gas Company. The city had already taken the northward trend and to the west lay the beautiful
and rapidly growing Oranges, inviting fields into which to carr\- their new enterprises. When the stock of the concern had been
taken, the holders recognizing the work already done and seeing in Andrew A. Smalley the bud of promise as a gas manipulator, the
company made him their president and placed in his hands the management of its affairs, and time and results have demonstrated
that they made no mistake. W ith a corps of willing assistants Mr. Smalley set to work, and soon the beautiful works on the Passaic

at the foot of Fulton street, which are recognized by gas manufac-
turers everywhere, as a marvellously perfected gas making plant, were
dispelling darkness in many sections of the growing city and reaching
out its tenacula in many directions for more work to do and comforts to
bestow. With that push and remarkable vim which have always been pre-
dominent qualities of his nature, it wasn't long before the Citizens' had not
only ab.sorbed the Orange Gas Light Company, but had amical)ly arranged a
division of the city of Newark with the generous old Newark Company, and
the two corporations went on in the work of manufacturing and supplying
gas and growing rich together.

In July last, Mr. Smalley, owing to ill healtli, reluctantly laid down the
burthen, resigned the presidency and retired to his beautiful home, No. 176
Roseville avenue, where on Thanksgiving Day all the office employees paid
him a visit, and, along with words of respect and affection, presented him with
an elegant token of their regard and esteem.

Few illustrations among the thousands which have found a place between
the rich covers of Nkw.vkk, N. J., Illustrated, speak out more truthfully for
their subject sketches than do these, which represent the extensive plant of
The Citizens' Gas Light Company on pages 232 and 233, as well as the photo-
phic likeness of Ex-President Andrew A. Smalley, the founder.

The Citizens' Gas Light Company was chartered in 1S68. The officers at
present are John L. Blake, president ; Stephen H. Condict, vice-president ;
Bobert B. Hathorn, treasurer ; Clarence L. Nelson, secretary ; Alexander H.
Strecker, superintendent and engineer. Thedirectorsare Andrew A. Smalley,
Stephen H. Condict, Henry C. Kelsey, Charles A. Lighthipe, John L. Blake,
E. Luther Joy, Henry Powles, George A. Halsey and George B. Jenkinson.

. ^MAl-l.LI ,

234

NEWARK, i\ /., ILLUSTRATED.

ROW OF imiCK RESIDENCES, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, NEWARK. BUII.T KV CONRAU, WIIOD .S: HELLINGS OF PHILADELPHIA, PA.

xenat'.^rk: real estate.

AN IMPRESSIVE view of the almost magic growth of the
numerous interests, so successfully conducted in the city of
Newark, is obtained from a careful perusal of the statistics, furn-
ished in the official reports of the United States census bureau.
In many of the great industries for which the city is noted, and

JOHN .\I. BURNETT.

even in the individual establishments among them, the growth
during the past quarter of a century has been so rapid as to furn-
ish corroborative evidence, if it were needed, of the increase of
wealth, material prosperity, and the enlightenment of hercitizers.
Men of wide experience are authority for the statement that within
the next ten years the value of Newark city real estate will, with-
out doubt, rise more than one-third beyond its present value.

It is a pleasure for a historian in the duty of jotting down facts
in men's lives and characters, to find a citizen who during twenty-
five years of active business life has made the impression upon
the city's progress that is set to the credit of the gentleman whose
portrait forms an illustration on this page, Mr. John M. Burnett,
real estate broker. No. 191 Market street. Mr. Burnett comes of
.good old business antecedents. His father, a descendent of
revolutionary stock, came from Springfield, N. J , in iSio, and was
a Newark business man until his death in 1879, having carried on
an extensive lumber business in this city for a number of years.
John M. was born in Franklin street, old South ward, in 1S38, and
was in business with him until 1S67. He then took up the real
estate business in New York city and Newark combined He
carried on business in the Borell Building, No. 119 Broadway,
New York, till 1875, then he brought his whole efforts to bear in
Newark real estate and from that time until the present, iS93,has
been a successful operator in the business, having made some of
the largest sales ever made in Newark. This gentleman's trans-
actions cover a general real estate business in the wide accept-
ancy of the term, including the buying, selling and exchanging of
property in Newark and the surrounding country. He takes
full charge of large estates and the placing of loans upon desira-
ble security. Mr. Burnett is a prominent appraiser, being
thoroughly versed in all the property values. He keeps a com-
plete register containing illustrations of the various sections of
the city, building plans, leases of property, mortgages, convey-
ances, etc., by which he is enabled at a glance to impart the
fullest imformation of perhaps every important real estate trans-
fer since 1S67, down to the present date.

NEWARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

235

A, J. GLESS.

COMPETI-
tition i s
the real essence
of all progress.
It is met with
in every depart-
ment of indus-
try and human
activity, it stim-
ulates and en-
courages inven-
t i V e n e ss and
enterprise, and
enlivens private
life as well as
business. The
steady develop-
m e n t of the
city's real estate
interests is due
in a large de-
gree to the hon-
o r a b 1 e, and
con se r vative
method pur-
sued by the
energetic citi-
zens who have
so ably repre-
sented this im-
portant branch of Newark's industry. At no time have lliey
sought to create, <ir inflate values, but rather to retain the market
upon the basis of actual worth, as regard an income producing
capacity. There are but few, if any interests, in this great indus-
trial city that are Lot secondary to that of real estate, and in this
connection it is.but fair to record the promoters of this immense

IMKREok VIHV "V IIIK KKM. i;>r.MK I'i I

A. J. GLESS.

industry, and in jiarticular those enterprising men who have
given to the profession such a helping hand as has the subject of
this sketch, Mr. A. J. Gless. real estate liroker and insurance
agent whose office is located at No. 151 Springfield avenue. This
young and energetic Xewarker has been active in extending the
material growth of the westerly section of the city. He conducts
a general real estate business, in the buying, selling and exchang-
ing of property, takes the entire care of estates and negotiates
loans on bond and mortgage, writing policies of fire insurance, for
which he has exceptional facilities. His office which is given in
the illustration on this page from a photograph, is admirably
fitted up and affords ample facilities for the accommodation of
his numerous clients. Mr. Gless, whose photo is also herewith
given has demonstrated his ability to successfully conduct the
line of business in which he is noted for displaying a spirit of
enterprise, his wide experience and thorough knowledge of the
real estate market aiding him in all his movements. He is
classed as one of the leading and most enterprising property
brokers in the city, and is a worthy representative of the real
estate industry- of Newark, N. J.

The telling inside view of the real estate office of Mr. A. J. Gless
answers truthfully the intent of the artist, who produced through
the wide oi)en eye of the camera, and the engraver whr) prepared so
faithfully the plate from which it is printed. It will need but a
glance from the student of Nkw.vkk, N. J., Ii.lisir.vikd to see
that a great business is transacted within the four walls and over
the county so truthfully depicted.

Among the verj- large number of men who have wrought the
field of real estate in order to gather the necessaries of life from
its proceeds, or build up a fortune all do not succeed. Many
yielding to its bright allurements and witnessing the marvelous
success won by men of the pattern of A. J. Gless, enter but the
portals, wait a short while and retire. Had they but stopped to
inquire the waj- from Mr. Gless they would have heard the same
old honest answer, as follows, " Start out with a determination to
win," read the motto carefully " By industry we thrive." Study
the self-reliance which speaks from every lineament of his coun-
tenance and learn from him how to win in the real estate business.

236

NE]]'.IRK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

I.OLIS J. I'RIKTH.

LOUIS J. PRIETH.

AJIOXG the real estate men who are rapidly gaining promi-
nence, few are making more rapid progress than Louis J.
Prieth, the youngest man in the business, as is demonstrated in
the excellent photo of himself which is seen on this page. Mr.
Prieth has his business office at No. 76 Springfield avenue, where
he may be found during business hours. Mr. Prieth has become
identified of late with the sale of the property known as the Maple
avenue and McGregor tracts. He also takes full charge of estates.

AKTIIUK CONNELLY.

ARTHUR CONNELLY.

AMONG the large number in the city of Newark, who have
built lasting monuments of their skill in the architectural line,
.Mr. Arthur Connelly takes rank among the most successful. To
his credit stand many of the best and most attractive buildings in
the city, which have been constructed after designs and plan.s
conceived in his brain, drawn out in his offices at No. 279 Market
street and constructed under his own personal supervision. The
manner of man that Architect Connelly is, may be seen in his
photograph on this page. Few faces bespeak the calling of the
individual n;ore truthfully and strikingly than does this.

ORRIN E. RUNVOX.

ORRIN v.. RLNVON.

OKIvIX E. RUNYON has been prominently identilied with
the real estate interests of Newark for a dozen years, and in
that time has made 'himself well and favorably known throughout
the State. Although not having been engaged in the business as
long as some of the older brokers, his many large transactions suc-
cessfully negotiated have brought him into prominence, and his
services have therefore been in constant demand. He was born
in Plainfield, this State, but his boyhood days were spent in
Springfield, 111., where his father was one of the best known
printers of the West, during the war, frequently having large
government contracts. The subject of our sketch returned to
Plainfield in 1S6S, and soon afterwards entered the Central Ne-d>
Jersey Times office and learned the printers' trade, which he fol-
lowed for several years, becoming an expert in all its branches.
In 18S1, he came to Newark to keep books for the firm of J. C.
Smith & Co., flour and grain dealers, and two years later entered
the office of R. Burgess, who was then one of the prominent real
estate brokers.' Mr. Runyon applied himself so closely to the
business that a year later Mr. Burgess took him into partnership.
In 18S7, Mr. Runyon bought out Mr. Burgess' interest in the firm
and continued the business alone. In i8gi, the business was
incorporated under the name of the Newark Real Estate Company,
and Mr. Runyon has been the president and manager ever since.
The company is well equipped for its business, occupj-ing fine
offices on the ground floor of the Livei-pool & London & Globe
Building. Their desire is to make Newark property a specialty.

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

237

WII.I.IAM II. |-.<<>

LOUIS SCIILESINUICK.

BROW X vN: SCHLESINCrER.

AMOXC, the photographs which form the illustrations of this work, none are more natural and life-like, or more strikingly repre-
sentative of their originals than those of the well-known real estate men, William H. Brown and I.ouis Schlesinger, whose
business offices are located at Nos. 746 and 74S Broad street. The senior member of the frm, Mr. William H. Brown, has long been
identified with Newark and for years her interests have been his. and it is not saying more than is his due, that he never shows in
better form than in the performance of some public duty. An utter abnegation of self has ever.been a prominent characteristic with
him, and whether in the thickest of the fight on the field of battle, as a s >ldier when his country called, or in the performance of hi.
duty where the smoke was the thickest and the fire the hottest, as chief engineer or fireman, that same unselfishness was ever manifests
Such qualities always have their manifestation in the confidence
and affections of friends and neighbors, and whenever an honest and
fearless leader is wanted the eye of faith is turned toward such men
as William H. Brown. Mr, Louis Schlesinger, the junior member of
the firm, is also a Xewarker of a life time, and upon him devolves the
duty of attending principally to the large real estate business
entrusted to the company's care, and among Newark's real estate
dealers none stand higher. Not a small part of the firm's business is
the buying and selling of real estate, the negotiating of loans on
bond and mortgage, effecting fire insurance, etc.

PHILIP N/IILLER.

AS IN the buying and selling of merchandise or farm productions,
where agents are required, so in the sale, exchange and trans-
fer of real estate, houses and lots, factory plots and buildings, there
must be men who make it their business. Among real estate agents
and operators few have had a larger experience, and none are more
trustworthy and painstaking in their efforts than Philip Miller, whose
offices are at No. 201 Market street. Mr. Miller can point to many
large transactions with much satisfaction, he having been in the
business of handling real estate for many years, several of which were
in company with the late David B. Hedden, who was an old and
experienced agent. Since the death of Mr. Hedden, Mr. Miller has
continued the business of buying and seUing real estate, effecting
insurance, negotiating loans on bond and mortgage and selling
patents. Mr. Miller conducted the butchering business for a quarter
of a century and for more than a decade of years was public meat
inspector for the city. The photographic likeness of this experienced
and honorable real estate agent appears on this page.

rillLII' .MIl.I.KK.

23«

NFAVARK, A'. /., ILLUSTRATED.

^w^ilLUi^'

5i;i5use=*s^;_?^-

YARD AVn OFFICE OF THE I.EHIGH AXU WILKESBARRE COAL COMPANY.

IN ALL our large cities coal is the staple fuel, and consequently its production and distribution is a leading industry. Large
aggregations of capital are necessary to carry on the business, hence great companies are formed to carry out enterprises too
gigantic for a single individual to successfully prosecute. The company whose name stands at the head of this note is one of the best
and largest in the State of New Jersey, and the amount of coal distributed by it is simply enormous, as a glance at their yards at
Ferry and Congress streets, and East Ferry and Market streets, in the city of Newark will soon convince any enquiring mind. The
location is central, and distribution by means of its almost countless tracks and carts is comparatively easy. But large as the retail
business of the company is, it is small compared to its wholesale trade. From a car load to a dozen cargoes, this company delivers
coal at any point where desired, and the qualit}- of the coal mined by it is so well known that it needs no other recommendation.
The immense manufacturing interests of Newark are so dependent upon an ample supply of fuel that that city is not only a heavy
consumer of coal, but also a distributing point for a trade that is reckoned by millions of tons annually. The company owning
its mines is not compelled to purchase its supplies in open market, and consequently can be relied upon to fulfil any engagement
which it may enter into for the deliver)' of coal.

Mr. J. E. Fleming, the agent in charge of the company's interests in Newark, was sent by the Wilkesbarre Coal and Iron Co., to

establish a branch of their business in Newark, during the spring of 1S73, which
company was afterwards merged into the Lehigh and Wilkesbarre Coal Co.
The twenty years' experience of this company in our city enables it to know
the wants of the domestic and manufacturing interests and grades of anthra-
cite coal required bj- them. The large pockets recently built in their
yards, from which the coal is run over screens into wagons is a vast improve
ment over the old mode of delivery. The company loses no opportunity
to take advantage of all modern improvements in preparing their coal for
market.

Colonel Fleming not only attends to the large business interests entrusted
to him, but he varies the routine by taking an interest in the city's welfare
through the Board of Trade, of which he is one of the oldest members and treas-
urer. He is also a director in the Balbaeh Smelling and Refining Co., a
member of the Essex Club, governor in the Country Club, and member of the
board of managers of the Home for Disabled Soldiers for the State.

Four years in the saddle during the war of the rebellion vidette duty, scout-
ing and raiding, has not cooled Col. Fleming's ardor for his favorite arm of the
service, as is attested by the Essex Troop of Light Cavalry, of which he is
captain, and of which a competent military critic said, on the occasion of the
great Columbian parade, " It is the most superb troop of cavalry ever seen in
America." Col. Fleming entered the arm)' in Harlan's Indepenent Brigade of
Cavalrv ; afterwards the Eleventh Pennsj-lvania Cavalrj' ; was wounded twice ;
a prisoner of war at Saulsbury, N. C, and Libby Prison, Richmond, Va., from
whence he escaped ; served on the staffs of Brigadier Generals Alfred Gibbs,
I. J. Wister, and Major Generals William F. Smith and E. O. C Ord. as
captain and aide de camp.

COL. J. E. FLE.MING.

XKllARK. X. /.. ILLUSTRATED.

239

R C. BoiCE Coal Company.

WI T H ten thousand fires
burning, most of which
are urged to their greatest heat-
ing capacity by air blasts of
force and fury, converting the
innocent fire box into the roar-
ing furnace it must needs be
that immense quantities of coal
are consumed every twenty-
four hours, and when to this
is added the necessities for the
week and mcmth the amount
consumed during the year must
inevitably be simply immense.
That a large percentage of the
coal burned for heating pur-
poses is understood, and
mourned as lost. The fact of
such loss in the consumption,
coal burning for heating pur-
posses, opens up a wide and
interesting field for the inven-
tive genius of the engineer,
fireman and mechanic, and the
sooner he sets himself about

the business of inventing a new fuel-saving grate for his furnace,
or furnace without a grate, the better it will be for all concerned.
The man who will evolve from the store-house of his genius an
apparatus for burning coal with such a large percentage of loss
will confer a great blessing on the human race, put money in
every coal burners purse as well as his own, and call down bless-
ings on his head, more enduring than gold, and beni/.ens of satis-
faction, sweeter than honey. We have no desire to be classed
with that pessimistic order, who are continually e.xercised with
dark forebodings of a direful future, yet we can see that the
Pennsylvania coal mines may not always continue to turn out the
grand heat-producing and wonderfully economical fuel. Vet there
are doubtless those who never think beyond the present, which
they gormandize with satisfaction, never knowing or caring what

1.-.-. f.s.^^

K. C. IIUICL.

I UK K, C. IIOICE COMPANY, MARKKT SIKKKI ANIl CENTKM HAII I

may be in store for the morrow, when they are satislicd witli the
to-day. As the denuding of the virgin forests went on day after
day, month after month, and year after year, and wood fuel con-
tinued abundant, few there were who could or would trouble
themselves about the future, when scarcity was certain to take
the place of abundance. A word to the wise ought to be sufficient.
But we opine that the halt will not be sounded 'till the time
when the pick and shovel of the miner shall delve in vain
and the car wheels no longer turn under the weight of their
precious burthen, and the puff of thick smoke from the pipe of the
ocean steamer shall no longer gladden the heart of the watchn:an
at Fire Island. Then, and not until then, will come up the dread
ful alarm. So it was with the work of conversion of the beautiful
trees of the forests into fuel, and which have been forced away
forever. The ring of the woodman's axe that felled the beauties_
now cea.se to salute the ear, and the tongue of flame to devour
so long as there was a promise of pay or profit in it.

There is no city in the American union of like population that
consumes annually more coal than the city of Newark, X. J.
With a population of aixj.ooo inhabitants, in which manufacturing
establishments are so numerous the coal trade is one of the
most important indii.stries in the city. Among the many enter-
prising citizens engaged in the coal trade, we may mention the
R. C. Boice Company, wholesale and retail dealers in all kinds of
coal, wood and charcoal, George's Creek Cumberland coal being
a specialty. The company became incorporated, June 23, iSgi,
under the laws of New Jersey, with an ample capital and with
Mr. R. C. Boice, as president, he having established the business
in 1873. The offices of the company are located at Nos. 10, 12 and
14 Lafayette street, near the Pennsylvania Railroad avenue. The
yards which form the illustration on this page are situated on the
line of the Newark and New York railroad, having a frontage on
Nos. 562, 564 and 566 Market street. This last mentioned plant is
an admirable one, fitted up with every convenience, having no
fewer then twenty pockets. Great economy in handling is thus
secured, the coal being dumped directly into these pockets.
There is a capacity for storing enormous quantities of coal at one
time. Then, the company have a large yard separate from the
coal yard, proper, in which cord and bundle wood is handled, the
latter being received direct from the .manufacturer and farmer.
The facilities of the company are in e\ery respect " A No. i."
The company is prepared to furnish coal in any desired quantity
at the most reasonable terms.

240

NEWARK, N. J., ILLUSTRATED.

^.jAL AXU WoulJ YAUbb Ul -s. IRl.UilLK, 77 TO 3u NEW JEKSliV KAILROAD AVENUE.

S. XRIJMMER.

THE gentleman whose industry is displayed on this page has been before the pubHc a sufficient length of time to establish his
deserved reputation of conducting business on a strictly honorable basis. The liberal patronage which has been accorded this
house demonstrates that Mr. Trimmer has always dealt in first-class quality coal, and has given honest weight. Therefore it is the
very best stroke of economy to patronize a house known to be reliable in the coal it carriers. We wish to impress upon the mind of
the reader and the public in general that this house deals only in the best grades of Lehigh and free burning coal, also Cannell coal
for grate fires. Special attention paid to all coal being well screened before delivery. This house also deals largely in kindling
wood, of all descriptions. The famous Allen kiln dried bundle wood is handled exclusively by this house in Newark and vicinity.
The service is accurate and prompt, and having telephone connections, orders can be filled at short notice. The business having

increased so rapidly, Mr. Trim-
mer found it impossible to give
the Newark business the atten-
tion it required as he also had
an extensive business in New
York city. He has placed in
charge of the Newark office, as
general manager, Mr. E. C.
Strempel, under whose manage-
ment it has steadily increased.

RuTAN & Terrill.

CIl.VKLES \. TEKKILI..

THE firm of Rutan & Terrill
whose portraits we pre-
sent herewith, are probably the
two youngest dealers in the
coal business in this city.
Although young in years they
have by their energy and integ-
rity built up a trade of which
many an older firm might well
be proud. Both are natives of
Newark and graduates of our
public schools, where they
learned that 2,000 pounds
make a ton.

MELVILLE M. KUIAN.

NEUARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

241

im^^^

1 r-:ir ti'-fV^f

Cir

fjr

|284 GEORGE HAVELL

^ GE

r.f

!i r

286|,i^: i^ i

£:

.iS^i^v^^

MANUFACTURING PLANT OF GEORGE HAVELL. .84 AND .8,. WASHINGTON STREET.

GEOROE HAVEl-L

H IS l.u.l„,.. «., «.b».l..d in Bl„„n.f»U. X. J., in tta y,ar ,8„. by Mr. J..n=. Bi.hop, (..epl.ih=r of .1,. >■'=»"' P'"'™'";;

M..o.„..H.„,„. .n ..,. M. Bi.„«p "--^ -^n:; i";::':^::r;?„;j:/rc^^>"

Havell as one of his best foremen until 1863. when he retired and was succeeded
bv Frederick Stevens. James Roberts and George Havell. under the hrm name ot
Stevens Roberts and Havell, under whose able management the business
increased very rapidly, so much so that in 1865, requiring larger facilities, they
purchased the premises No. 2S4 Washington street, and a few years later bought
the adjoining property No. 2S6. which had been the old Jewish Synagogue, the
whole factorv property now being 75 feet front by 300 feet deep. From time to
time, however, additional buildings had to be erected to meet the demands of
their growing business. In .S76, Mr. Stevens retired from the firm, the business
then being continued bv the remaining partners, under the style of R« f "* &
Havell until the spring of .883. when, after many months of illness, Mr. Roberts
died leaving Mr. Havell the sole proprietor, under whose name the business
is still continued. This is the oldest, and has been the most successful hmise m
this line in the country, having never met with any business reverses and it bears
the enviable reputation of supplying the most reHable goods among its many
competitors in the United States. To enumerate all its manufactures is impos-
sible, being in such variety and covering supplies for so many different trades.
Its main lines are gilt, silvered, nickel plated, steel and enameled metal fancy
goods, specialties and patented novelties Also table cutlery and razors-^

Mr Havell has associated with him his son-in-law, Mr. Alfred G. Williams
who for the past twentv years has had charge of the very important branch of
the business, the sales department. Also for the past eighteen years Mr. James
D Clark, who has had charge of the books and finances, and to whom is due great
credit in retaining the financial reputation the concern has always born.

GEORGE H.W ELL.

242

The Gottfried Krueger Brewing
Company.

NEWARK, A'. /., ILLUSTRATED.

BUILDINGS OK I HE GUTIKKIED KKUEGEK HKEWING COMl'ANV.

WHAT changes time has wrought
can be seen in the beautiful and
entirely truthful illustrations of the
Gottfried Krueger Brewing Company,
as it stands forth to-day in its elegant
model and mammoth proportions, a
magnificent monument of the business
tact, energy and perseverance of its
owners, beside the little bijou affair of a
brewery, where Gottfried Krueger be.
gan the work of his phenomenal career
and the upbuilding of his fortune. With
such skill has the artist done his work that
the merest glance at this picture shows the
design of comparing the past with the pres-
ent. Not in the illustration of the plant
alone has the artist shown his skill, but in the
speaking likeness of Judge Krueger, and his sons,
John F. and Gottfried C, both of whom are now associated with
their father in the conduct of the business. From such modest begin-
nings as the illustration shows, has this industry grown to its present immense proportions there must have been no ordinary
business tact and skill brought to bear in fostering its growth and forcing its development. The success of Gottfried Krueger,
among those who know him best, is well understood to lie in an indomitable perseverance and never say fail characteristic, which
he brings to bear on all his undertakings. As a result it is worthy of note, just here, that the output from the industry under
his management has grown from year to j-ear, till it to-da^^ reaches the enormous amount of two hundred thousand (200,000)
barrels of lager beer, the popular beverage that cheers, but does not inebriate. Like the larger number of the proprietors
and conductors of the great breweries which have grown up in Newark, and under whose fostering care the industry of the
manufacture of lager beer has had a progress with few, if any parallels, Gottfried Krueger was a practical brewer. As an apprentice
he had learned the art and had early obtained such an appreciation of his calling, that others who knew him sought him as a safe
young man for a business partner, and such was Gottlieb Hill, for in 1S65, we find the firm of Hill lV Krueger, conducting the little
brewery illustrated in the upper left corner of the above cut, in which his uncle, John Liable, had but a few years before installed him
foreman. The popularityof young Krueger's output of sparkling lager soon created an increased demand, and so famous did his mild
and effervescing drink become, that in 1S75, the, ('twas thought then almost fabulous) amount of 25,000 barrels was the result of the
output per annum. One thing Mr. Krueger always kept in view, to make just as good if not a little better beer than others, thus
keeping his popularity as a brewer on an even pace with the increase of sales. Thousands who had been in the habit of keeping the
stronger liquors in their cellars began its exchange for the mild and delicious lager. Gottfried Krueger was one of those men who-
had the faculty of anticipating, and was always preparing some ready means of meeting the growing appreciation of the merits of
lager beer. On the retirement of Mr. Hill on account of sickness, Mr. Krueger became sole owner of the brewery and in the course o
fifteen years so rapidly has his business increased that his sales amounted to the enormous quantity of 200,000 barrels annually, a
marvelous growth of 600 per cent.

The great and truly imposing buildings in which is housed one of the very best brewing plants in the country stands before the
world as an imposing demonstration of the fact in the upbuilding of a business that, " where there's a will there's a way." His

success in business has thrown around him such environments that
he has been powerless to resist leadership and exalted public
position. Twice he has been called to represent this district in the
State legislature, and for years Mr. Krueger has been the repre-
sentative of his partj^ on the State Committee
for the county of Essex along with James
Smith, Jr., United .States Senator, and is now
filling a responsible judicial position as
judge of the State Court of Appeals. For
the past few years he has been most for-
tunately released from much of his busi-
ness burthen by his sons, John F. and
Gottfried C, who have taken the place
of their honored father in the general
management of the great brewery
and are rapidly developing the same
business talents, perspicuity and tel-
ling methods of their father. The rich
proceeds from Gottfried Krueger's
brewing business came entirely from
the evolution thereof, its own earnings
wrought out its great developments.
No outside cash earned in other branches,
'/ •, entered into, or led up to its prosperity.

JOHN F. KRUEGER. JUl'Gh ■.'>1 U Kli.li KKLKGKR. GOTTFRIED C. KRUEGER.

NFU'ARR'. X. r. n I rs'IRAl FP

243

Joseph Hensler Brewing
Company.

FOR nearly half a century
the name of Hensler has
been a familiar one in connec-
tion with the brewery business
in the city of Newark. As will
be seen by a reference to the
brewing industry record, the
name of Joseph Hensler. the
founder of the Hamburg Place
Brewerj-, will be found to stand
out verj- prominently as a pro-
moter of this rich repaying
branch thereof, and wherever
the mild e.xhilerating beverage
which is the output of Newark
breweries is known or used,
the name of Joseph Hensler is
a familiar household word.
On this page our artist has pre-
sented a beautiful illustration
■of the plant of this Hamburg
Place brewing establishment
and malt storing house. From
the vaults of the brewery, which
is so elegantly delineated by the
artists and ?o attractively
placed upon these pages, has
gone forth some of the most
delicious malt products that

ever tickeled the palate of the connoisseur. Here. Joseph Hen-
sler, the founder, who is a thoroughly educated brewer and well
up in theory as well as practice, has gathered all the very best
and most modern improved appliances and machinery, which
have been invented or discovered as help meets in conducting the

JOSEPH HENSLER, SR.

1 AM I'h IME Jf'SKI'H IiKN>l>.K likEWlN^i Ct»M|-.\N\'.

manufacture of lager beer, as well as all other malt li<iuors.
From very modest beginnings Joseph Hensler has gone on under
Ihe impetus of his own inate brain and will, from one grade of
success to another, until the finished work stands before him
to-day in one among the most complete breweries of the country
with a patronage from among the best, who have ever been charmed
with the cool effervescing draught which so pleased the fancy and
brought forth the world-wide recommendation of good old King
Gambrinus. The immense vaults which are kept at a low tem-
perature by the latest improved ice or frost bearing machines are
kept full of lager (layer) beer from whence, when in the best stage
of its ripened age it is taken forth to the dispensers and consum-
ers, in kegs, barrells, etc., on the immense wagons drawn by the
finest Pennsylvania horses and which, when moving away from
the brewery yards, act as a peaceful reminder of a supply train of
an army in motion. This brewery has at the present time an
output of quite 75,<xx) barrells per annum.

Joseph Hensler though of a quiet and unobtrusive nature has
always been ready to act well his part in public affairs and on a
number of occasions has responded to the call of his fellow
citizens and filled places of trust and honor, and always with
credit to himself and satisfaction to the constituency.

For the past ten years his business burthens have been materi-
ally lightened by his sons, who have to a great e.\tent relieved
their father, with whom they are equally interested in the
brewery, and who have become practical educated brewers and
are wide-awake, go-ahead business men.

The e.xample set by Joseph Hensler, the father, as a business
man and citizen, is being followed to the letter by the sons, who
are now his trusted associates in the business, and are proving
by their daily walk, how easy it is for young men born in luxurj-
and trained amid plenty, to be exemplifiers of the higher walks,
and in the very best lines of business life and good citizenship.
Few young men in business life are starting off under brighter
auspices, or are proving themselves more worthy of the respect
and confidence of the social or business world. The name of
Hensler has been for years the synonym of generosity and a loyal
upholder of the spirit of progress.

244

NEWARK. X. J., ILLUSTRATED.

GEORGE W. WIEDENMAYER'S NEWARK CITY BREWERY, MARKET, CHAMBERS AND FERGUSON STREETS.

WIEDENN/IAYER'S NEWARK CITY BREW^ERY.

ON THE site where George W. Wiedenmayer has his flourisliing Newark City Brewery, the making of lager beer has been
carried on with varying success since 1S50. The brewery had been run in a small way till on January i, 1S79, when the
present proprietor, (whose father, Christopher W. , was one of Newark's pioneer brewers), purchased the plant and took possession
Under his management and guidance the brewery has steadily grown until it has a capacity of 75,000 barrels annually, and with a
constantly increasing trade and demand for its justly celebrated product, which defies competition for age, purity and brillancy.

Along with the many other important additions and improv-eraents he has lately made, is the erection of an attractive and commo-
dious building in which are his pleasant offices, where the business is transacted and where he receives his friends and acquaintances.
He has also erected a large five story storage building, 40x65, with a capacity of 20,000 barrels, which can be kept at a regular
temperature by the most modern refrigerating machines. Beside the very best cooling apparatus, Mr. Wiedenmayer has gathered into
his brewery all the very latest and best improved machinery and appliances for making beer to be found in the country, and has
added stables with a stabling capacity for thirty-six horses, in fact he has remodeled the entire concern in the past few years. His
brewery now covers the entire block bounded by Market, Chambers and Ferguson streets, w-ith the rear resting on the Central Railroad
presenting unrivaled accommodations for receiving materials and shipping product. He bottles the product on the spot and makes a
specialty of the finer grades of lager beer. He also brews large quantities of rare ales and porters, which find ready customers among
consumers. Besides being a successful busine.ss man and financially sound, Mr. G. W. Wiedenmayer has ever been ready to act

well his part as a good citizen.

Twice has Mr. Wiedenmayer

been elected to represent his

ward as Alderman in the com-
mon council of Newark and

during his four years term was

its popular presiding officer

the last two years. In 1889, he

represented his district in the

State Legislature, with honor to

himself and to the satisfaction

and credit of his constituents.
His eldest son, George C, is

a help meet, iude°d, to his

father. He is a practical

brewer and has perfected him-
self in the science by taking a

course in the United States

Brewing Academy, of New

York city. On this page of

New.\rk, N. J., Iu,usTR.\TEn is

seen a beautiful illustrated

plate of his brewing plant as

well as of himself and son.

&^ s ■

■W"' •■>■'■

1 'h^K

VVMk>

■i^B

^^*^*3 ^_— -^

GEORGE W. WIEDENM.WER.

GEORGE C. WIEIlENMAVER.

XJ^ir.^A'A'. .V. /., ILLUSTRATED.

245

\ I \,.-

PETER HAICKS HUDSON COf N lY BREWERY. HARRISOX.

r'ETEK nAi;cKts brewery.

THE real business grandeur which hovers around the immense brewery plant, situate just over the Passaic River, which has really
made itself felt, as well as seen, in the beautiful illustrative picture which the artist has furnished for this page of Nkwakk, N.
J., I1.LI STKATKI), can be best understood by those who are acquainted with the large-hearted proprietor, Peter llauck, whose photo,
appears on this same page. A full realization of all the extensive plant in reality can best be had by a study of the illustration and a
visit to the institution, where the genial proprietor is always ready to grasp the hand and chaperon the visitor through the industrial
establishment over which he so successfully presides. Here, as he circulates through the establishment, the visitor will hear the
mysterj- of the process unfolded, and the part he plays in the work and management of his great brewing industry, far better than in

any words or paragraphs of the readiest writer. Every line of his wide open
face and every flash of his keen bright eyes, speaks a language not to be
misinterpreted. Although all things about the great brewery go on like
clockwork, and move with the same apparent ease as a highly perfected and
smoothly polished piece of machinery, under the guidance of his master mind
and educated hand, it hasn't always been fair weather sailing with the veteran
brewer of the sparkling lager over in the Harrison section of this great
industrial centre. It's only a few years since the ruthless fire crept into his
breweries and swept away the work of years, in six hours time, but Peter
Hauck was not the man to lie down and despair over his loss, but with that
same old spirit which animated him when his career was young, he set to
work to retrieve his fortune. All his energies were brought to bear on the
work of reconstructing the plant, and building up his business, and in a very
short time greater buildings and more imposing, and the very latest improved
machinery, and the very best appliances used in the industry, had taken the
place of the old and fire relegated brewing accessories, and again Peter Hauck
was on the high road to success.

In the vaults the ice king is forced to reign under the whip and spur of De
La Verne and the help of his mystical frost ruling ice machines. The figures
giving the number of barrels in total as more than 100,000, is the output of
Hauck's brewery. It is always a pleasure to visit Peter Hauck's establish-
ment, but infinitely more so when Peter himself acts the part of conductor.

Not an unimportant part of the industry is found in the malt and hop
storage departments, where these two great and indispensable adjuncts to
the industry of lager beer making are found in immense quantities.

w '^ ^

'^ A

'^;"-^'

fK I KK H .AUCK.

246

NEU-AEK, N. J. ILLUSTRATED.

L__ -_

NEIlAk'K, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

247

INTERIOR VIEW OF CHRISTIAN' FEIGENSPAX .^ IJkEVVERV.

248

A'EJrARK, N. J, ILLUSTRATED.

CHRISTIAN KEIQENSPAN S BREWERY.

FROM almost any standpoint where the elevation is sufficient for the eye to
sweep the great city, scattered about in dilTerent sections are seen huge
structures, many of which tower among their neighbers and look very like
giants among pigmies. These buildings to which particular reference is made
here, are the immense breweries and beer-making establishments or malt
houses, their absolutely necessary concomitant.

One among the larger and more imposing of these is seen away to the east-
ward from the corner of Broad and Market streets, and towering high over its
neighbors, is the brewery of Christian Feigenspan, which has the enormous
inanufactui'ing capacity of 400,000 barrels of beer a year. It is saying nothing
in derogation of its grand neighbors, when we speak of it as a superb work of
architecture. Here this princely brewer manufactures his famous Export
Lager for bottling, which won the silver medal at the Paris Exposition,
and has since gained for him a world-wide reputation. Like the fabled
Phcenix of mythical lore, this great building rose from the ashes of its unfor-
tunate predecessor, which a few years since 5'ielded to the fatal embraces of
the fire fiend, but which now, as rebuilt, towers high above its neighbors, being
no less than 160 feet from sidewalk curb to top of flag-staff. ,. From the four
sides of the great tower, at the height of more than 100 feet, as many excellent
clocks show their smiling faces, and from the brazen tongue within speak in
far resounding tones the time of day or night, as the hours roll by. At this
dizzy height, just where the great stairways end, is arranged an observation
room and balcony, from whence the courageous and level-headed may get a
bird's eye view, not only of the city of Newark with its mighty industrial field
in all its marvelous grandeur, but the beautful Oranges and the ribbon like
Orange mountains as well. Indeed nearly all of old Essex can be taken in
'from this elevated look-out station. On the two preceding pages are seen elegant illustrative views of this model concern, to which
attention is particularly called, as well as to the photograph of the above grand whole-souled brewer. Christian Feigenspan, himself

CIIKISIIAN KER.t..\SI'.\N.

JOHN lEELAND.

SO TRUE to life has our artist made this picture, that having once seen John Iffland, the popular caterer of 1S3 Market street, you
would at once recognize the fact that the phenomenal original was before }-ou. The large class of business men who gather for
lunch or refreshment proves conclusively that some men are born caterers, and that John Mand is one of them. Mr. Ifliland was born
in Nassau on the Rhine, Germany, and came to this country at the age of twenty-five, in 1S66. In 1868 he located on Market street,
and purchased the old stand of the late Frederick Waldmann in 1S70. In 1S72 he took charge of the well known premises which he
still occupies, and set to work in his own peculiar way, to please the people and build a fortune for himself and a home for his family.
All of these things he has accomplished in royal style. His only recreation has been found in music and song, and in mutual good
fellowship to be found in Eintracht, Arion, Aurora and other singing societies, and as a member of the Turnverem. He has not been
averse, at the proper season of the year, to splash the mountain stream or skim the surface of the silvery lake, because he always
was piscatorially inclined, and not a few elegant specimens of the finny tribe have yielded to his Waltonian-wa)^ allurements. It is
said that Mr. Iffland has a decided genius for the rod and line.

I. Q. HOOPER.

M"..,'.

JOUN IKFL.^ND.

G. HOOPER, whose
aughting rooms are in the
beautiful Credit System Building,
at the corner of Market and Wash-
ington streets, is an architect of
remarkable abiUty, and a man of
much culture. Mr. Hooper makes
a specialty of brewery and house
architecture, and he has in Newark
some very excellent examples of
his handiwork. One of these is
the grand new brewer)- of Chris-
tian Feigenspan, several speak-
ing illustrations, bird's eye exterior
and interior, of which are found
artisticallj' transferred on these
pages. The beautiful lines of the
building from foundation to cope
stone, speak a language of praise
for Mr. Hooper's ability which no
words of ours, however tersely
written, could make more fitting
or deserving.

IRVIN G. nOOPEK.

NEU-AKK. X. /.. ILLUSTRATED

249

BEDA VOIGT.

S.'CNCF.K MAI.L, llELMONT AVENUE.

AWAXT had long been felt
in the South-western por-
tion of our city, or what could
be more especially designated
as the old thirteenth ward por-
tion, which is largely built up
with the homes of the German
population, for a public hall or
place where the people might
gather for instruction, pleasure
or recreation. First and fore-
most in all good works and
with an eye farseeing enough
always to discover the wants of
his brethren from the father-
land, Judge Gottfried Krueger,
in order to supply this want
and keep the secticm of the city
in which was located his home
and immense brewery plant on
an even footing with other
sections, conceived, planned
and built the beautiful and
capacious Sa;nger Hall, on

Belmont avenue, a very .striking picture of which forms one of the pleasing illustrations on this page of Niwakk, N. J. , Ii.ii stratkd.
In rearing this beautiful structure, which is built of brick with brown stone from the Belleville quarries for trimming, he had an eye
single not alone to the glory of the building itself, which is truely imposing as it speaks out from the half-tone engraving herewith
given, but for the comfort and welfare of the people of that section of the city wherein it was located by the generous hearted Judge.
Sa-nger Hall is particularly fortunate, not alone as the hall enjoying the favor of the open hearted builder and owner, but also
because of its good fortune in having as its manager the marvelously successful and well-known caterer, Beda Voigt, Esq., who took
charge when its doors were thrown open and has continued to conduct it ever since. For more than a quarter of a century, this
prince among caterers has gone on in the even tenor of his way, making everybody who called at his hospitable doors happy, and ever
adding new fame to his increasing reputation as a caterer. For years at Union Park, he pleased the thousands who gathered
under his roof and about the tables in the open ground and beneath the shade of the wide spreading trees therein. Xot this alone,
but the genial gentleman who knew everybody and everbody knew him, made happy the thousands who sought recreation at the
Caled<mian Park. A glance at the striking likeness on this page, the photographer with rare skill has made a picture of Beda
Voigt so perfect and life-like that whoever has seen the original will not fail to know for whom the picture was taken. A full
demonstration of Beda Voigt's ability in the line of his callings of caterer and manager are seen in the results of his past efforts in these

lines. A marvelous result is seen in his management of the great crowds of people from all
sections of the United States, who gathered at Caledonian Park in July, 1S91, in attendance
"le great musical feast, or as our German friends will have it, " S^engerfest." On very
lort notice this genius prepared for the reception of the grand army of singers and
their friends who gathered upon that occasion. So perfect were all the arrangements
and so carefully had he looked after and arranged every detail thereof, there wasn't
a hitch nor break anywhere. The immense building, capable of seating nearly
twenty thousand, was completed in the shortest time ever given to such a work.
At all the great gatherings that ever assembled in this great industrial centre
this gathering in attendance upon the German Siengerfest of 1S91, in all proba-
bility excels them all in numbers and enthusiasm. For nearly a week the vast
crowds came and went. With banners flying and bands playing, both brass
and string, societies marched through the streets, to and from the railroad
stations, and to and from Calidonian Park, where mine host would be ready to
meet and greet them, and so far as it was possible to make all comers happy
and feel at home. During all this time Sanger Hall was the scene of festivities
which were a counterpart of those being held at the Caledonian. Every nook
and corner of the elegant hall, parlors and reception rooms, the summer garden
and great saloon were filled to overflowing. So conveniently is the hall situate to
the electric car lines on Kinney street and Springfield avenue, at No. 25 Belmont
avenue, but a few doors northerly from the Krueger brewery plant, that all parts
of the great building may be turned over to visitors at times of balls, parties,
fests, etc. Mr. Voigt has his home at No. 15, a short distance away. A proof of
just how easy it is for Beda Voigt to cater on great occasions and make glad the
hearts of thousands who gather under his hospitable roof at such times, we've only
to call the reader's attention to the notable events of but a few weeks since, which
followed each other in quick succession. The reception to Governor Abbett ; the
reception to Andrew Radel and bride, superintendent of the Newark and South
Orange electric railroad line, on the evening of his marriage, and lastly the tenth
m:i>\ VOIGT annual ball of the noted Joel Parker Association.

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

JUDGE JOHN OTTO.

JOHX OTTO.

No MORE familiar face to the averagely well-acquainted
Newarker is there to be seen than that of Judge John
Otto, a photo of whom is fixed upon this page. For years he has
handled the baton of Justice, either as Justice of the Peace or
Police Justice at the station. Ever since its first organization.
Judge John Otto has been president of the German Pioneer Society,
which numbers among its membership nearly all our oldest and
most highly respected German fellow citizens. Justice Otto has
business offices at No. 2 William street. He is president of the
Gottfried Krueger Pioneer Greisenheim, and a director of the
Newark German Hospital.

.\. \. SIPI'EL.

AMONG the citizenship of Newark few have made themselves
better known and are more worthy of a full meed of praise,
than Mr. A. A. Sippel, who has conducted a large painters'
supply store on Market street for a quarter of a centurj-, and the
photo of whom appears on this page. In the conduct of his busi-
ness Mr. Sippel has been marvelously successful. His is but
another of those examples among the thousands whose honesty,
truth and justice are the good man's characteristics, and have
been the landmarks that the happiest of results have accrued
from following. Perception and benevolence, the phrenologist
would declare, after looking long and intently at his picture, are
the leading traits of his character. As a friend and supporter of
the benevolent institutions for which Newark has long been noted,
he has been foremost, and for man}- 3-ears has been in the
direction and secretary of the German Hospital Association, an
institution which stands high in its work of beneficence. In its
works of charity the institution has found its supplement in the
private endeavors of the large-hearted secretary.

JOHX WEQLE.

EX-ALDERMAN JOHN WEGLE, whose photograph is seen
on this page, is one of Newark's highly respected business
men and citizens. Mr. Wegle is a son of the German fatherland,
but an American at heart and a Newarker from choice. For
many years he has conducted a large grocery business at No. 96
Mulberry street, at the corner of Commerce, and has his home at
No. 222 Mulbeny street. John Wegle is a man of sterling integ-
rity, and his word is his bond. He is held in high esteem by his
neighbors, and although he has always been averse to holding
office, he has represented his ward in the Common Council of the
city, and always with credit to himself and satisfaction to his
constituents.

JOHN WpGLE.

N Ell ARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

(■

THE PATRIOTISM OF
HER PEOPLE.

OESERAI, WILLIAM WAKIi.

MAJOR WILLIAM WAKLNSMAW.

ED on by patriotic influ
ences of the loftiest type,

the forefathers who came to

plant the seeds of liberty on the

banks of the Passaic in the

wilderness of New Jersey,

and to build their new homes

far away from despotic and

oppressive ways, were true

patriots. When these brave

men had finished their course,

and kept bright through all the

years of their own virtuous so-
journ, they bequeathed to their

children the same height, depth

and love of patriotism and inde-
pendence of spirit which they

had kept as the apple of thci:

eye. That their children, wh.'

were left in possession of such

rich boons, have been true to

the trust the fathers imposed, is

seen in the results of their achievements. The lessons taught by those hardy pioneers who stood by the flag of Capt. Robert Treat
and his associ.-ites, as with sturdy valor they held it aloft while dealing in honor with the Indian possessors, and while justly paying,
according to agreement, for the land they Ix.ught. As their followers came with brawn and brain, they set to work, to help dig and
delve, to assist in devising and maintaining the new settlement that had within it the bud of promise of the mighty unfolding of the
present. They readily fell into line as they came, and willingly bent their backs to the burthen. Together they worked, and
together they played. Yes, played ; for in the days when Newark was y-iung. Military and Washington Parks, and the cleared fields
surrounding their unpretentious homes and dwellings, were improvised gymnasiums, where old and young gathered when the hours
of toil were ended and tried their skill with Indian bow and arrow, pitching the quoit and hurling the round stone and light and
heavy hammer. They tested their strength in lifting the weight, and their speed in running, to finish the fun in a rollicking run or
test their strength and skill in turning, or an innocent bout in a friendly wrestle was not uncommon. In the knowledge of the grand
old combination of the church catechism, the plow and the anvil, were the upbuilders, promoters and defenders of this metropolitan
city of New Jersey and cosmopolitan Newark. Although so very near New York, the empire city, as to feel the touch of her out-
reaching tenacula, and on the direct line of travel from Philadelphia, the East and the South, hers remained an independent position,
and as she increased in bounds and population, and as her industrial interests grew, the patriotism of her people kept pace. Not
alone did Newark grow and expand under the influence and natural increasing of those to the manor born, but each succeeding year
the influx of strangers, mechanics, artists and skilled workmen came, to contribute their part to the growth of this typical industrial
centre. The capitalist came to locate the factory and the mechanic to seek the ready emiiloyment ort'ered. They came from away
over the ocean, from the East, the West, the North and the South of the young American nation. Every county of this State furnished
her quota, but the largest may be credited to old Sussex. They came self-reliant and ready men. the major part with nerve, brain,
muscle and good will, and as Newark grew they grew, all standing ready on call to rally and defend,
fall," was the motto of one and the fiat of all. In the words of the immortal
Emerson, when the news was heralded from Lexington and Concord, that the
New England farmer " had fired the shot heard round the world," no city and no
State lifted higher the flag of resistance to British oppression, nor made greater
sacrifices, or suffered more than the city of Newark and State of New Jersey.
The hearts of her citizens were fired, and the burning grew brighter as the revo-
lution went on, the final victory won, and independence acknowledged.

Through her streets and highways was heard the tread of marshaled hosts
throughout the war, for indeed, through her led the way to the battlefields of
Monmouth and Trenton, and the great Washington's patriotic army's camping
ground of Valley Forge. The smouldering spark of patriotism in their bosoms
needed but the fanning with the old flag borne down by British sailors and
insulted by Britains on the high sea. to set it brightly burning, in 1S12.

The great battlefields in the war for the Union are marked by the heroic deeds
of New Jersey soldiers. The brilliant and valiant ser\-ice of Generals Runyon,
Kearny, Kilpatrick, Birney, McAllister, Mindil. Sewell, A. C. U. Pennington, Jr.,
Price, Carman, Penrose, Mott, Francine, E. Burd Grubb, Colonels Tucker, Ward,
Donnelly, Ryerson, Johnson, Alexander N. Dougherty, Craven, Robinson, Dodd,
Halstead, Hunkle, Matthews, Fleming, and Majors Wakenshaw, Morris, Gruett,
Beam, Clark, Courtoise, Hexamer. E. F. McDonald. Atkinson, Bowers, and
others which space prevents to mention here, but whose names are kept green
in memory by their comrades of Lincoln, Phil Kearny, Sheridan, Garfield,
ilarcus L. Ward, Hexamer and Tucker Posts of the Grand Army of the Repub-
lic located in this city. The military spirit is maintained by a well disciplined
regiment of National Guards and the Essex Troop. majok wu liam k. morkis.

United we stand, divided we

252

NElVAIiK, N. J.. ILLUSTRATED.

WILLIAM H. WILSON.

ORDER OK CHOSEX KRIEXI3S.

THE Order of Chosen Friends is a fraternal, benevolent, pro-
tective society. It was first established May 2S, 1S79, in
the cii.y of Indianapolis, Indiana. It has about 800 subordinate
councils and 45,000 members, twenty-three of these councils with
i.Soo members are located in Newark. The order makes pro-
visions for paying in addition to sick and death benefits, one to
its aged members, and also providing for a benefit to those who
become totally disabled by reason of either disease or accident.
During the thirteen years of its existence it has disbursed over
86,000,000 to its disabled members, and the widows and orphans
of its deceased members. Its office in Newark is located at No.
787 Broad street. Mr. William B. Wilson, whose photo is given
herewith, is Supreme Assistant Counselor of the order.

f^JI-

"**%

^^^^^^1

/ w

J. B. F.^ITOUTE.

GOLDEN STAR FRATERNITV

THE Golden Star Fraternity is a social, fraternal and bene-
ficial association, and incorporated under the laws of the
State of New Jersey, January 21, 18S2. The incorporators were
residents of the city of Newark and well-known among the busi-
ness community, hence it is absolutely a home institution.

Its objects are to promote industry, morality and charity
among its members, and to provide and establish a beneficiary
fund from which, on satisfactory evidence of the death of a
member a sum not exceeding §2,000, shall be paid to the legal
beneficiaries. Acceptable persons between the ages of 17 and 56
years are admitted to membership. The assessments range from 30
cents to Si. I S per $1,000 insurance, and from the organization to the
present time, the average assessments have been less than 8 per
annvmi. No sensible man can deny the fact, that it is his moral
duty to make some provision while in life and good health, for
those he may leave behind him, and the question naturally
arises, where and how will he do it. The Golden Star Fraternity
provides the way. Any information concerning the fraternity
will be gladly furnished by J. B. Faitoute, Supreme Secretary,
No. 22 Clinton street.

rH<>.\L\s OALL.ALIlhK.

THOMAS GALLAGHER.

THOMAS GALLACHER, a photo of wnom is herewith given,
is a well-known citizen of Newark, having been promi-
nently identified with the fraternal, building and loan and
charitable organizations of the city, has for a number of years
served with credit as the secretary and president of the State
Council of the Catholic Benevolent Legion, an organization
devoted to the conservation of the family, incorporated under
the laws of the State of New York, in iSSi. He is also secretary
of the Howard and Enterprise building and loan associations,
and has for a number of years taken a great interest in this kind
(if work. For several years Mr. Gallacher has represented St.
Michael's parish among the lay trustees in the board of directors
of St. Jlichael's Hospital, and during the past fifteen years has
had charge of the office work in the Chapin Hall Lumber Com-
pany, of Newark, New Jersey.

NEll'ARK, A'. /. ILLUSTRATEF.

253

A. P. HOLBROOK.

ALEXANDER !■. llril liROOK.

father in thu conciutt oi his work. Hi^

X E among the many
excellently equip-
ped printing establish-
ments in the city of New-
ark is that conducted by
the Holbrook Printing
Company, at Nos. 1 1 and
1 3 Mechanic street. Mr.
A. P. Holbrook, the
popular superintend-
ent, is a Xewarker to
the manor born, and
comes from royal stock,
his father having for
years been prominent in
business and public
affairs— a man honored,
respected and trusted by
all who knew him. Mr.
A. P. Holbrook is build-
ing upon the same solid
foundations, and meas-
uring up his life-work by
the same golden princi-
ples which animated his
photograph is seen on this page.

JOHN M. GWINXfcCLL.

THE subject of this sketch, Mr. John M. (iwinnell, is an old Xewarker and a man highly respected, honored and trusted by his
fellows. Mr. (iwinnell is in business at \o. 50 Mechanic street, and has his home at No. 55 Halsey street. That the readers of
this art work and the students of the pictures of its industrial places, and photo, likenesses of its citizens may know somewhat of the
manner of man John M. Gwinnell is when they look upon his picture, we will only say that he is connected with several of our banks
as president and director, and has been for several years a prominent leader in the benificent institution known as the Legion of
Honor. He held the position of treasurer, which impo.sed large financial responsibilities, requiring no small degree of financial
ability, acumen, good judgment, hrmness and care, all of which he has demonstrated to be the possessor of, to the satisfaction of his
associates of the Lei{ion, having disbursed twelve million dollars without the loss of a single dollar.

KXKiHTS A-Xl) I.ADIES OK THE GOLDEN ST.AK.

HE Supreme Lf>dge of the Knights and I.

John L. .Vrmitage. S'lP'-.-m,- lii.irii..r ■

SAMUEL 1'. LACEV.

adies of the Golden Star was organized November 28, 18S3. The officers for 1893, are
F. A. Sherwood, Supreme Past Dictator : S. M. M;itt')x, Supreme Vice Dictator ; J. F,

IJodd, Supreme Orator ; Samuel

P. Lacey, Supreme Secretary ;

George W. Downs, Supreme

Treasurer ; F. W. Duncker, M.I).,

Supreme Medical Examiner;

Joseph Kay, Supreme Chaplain ;

John C. Moehring, Supreme

Guide ; John A. Feindt ; Supreme

Assistant Guide ; Dr. Leo Th.

Meyer, Supreme Warden,
The objects of the order are

fraternal, moral, educational and

beneficiary. The methods of

building up the order are by the

organization of subordinate lodges,

beneficiary aids, prompt payment

' >f total disability and death claims.

The order is eminently conserva-

livc, simple, honest and inexpen-
sive in its busmess methods, the

main object being the protection

of its beneficiaries. It has earned

the reputation of being one of the

most prompt paying orders in this

or any other countrj'.

DK. FREDERICK W. DINCKER.

-'54

.^■/•; ;/".//; A', .v /,, //./.fsTR.iTKi).

A. K. IMNPS.

A. K. 1 1 1 X ns.

Tins gontloiiuin, who is thi>i\ni);hly \voll-kiu>\vn to the Newark
iniMic who are imisieally ineUi\ed.suei.-eoUeil to the business
on the death of his father, Silas P. Hinds, who conducted the music
and piano waiXMooms at Mr. Hinds' present location, Nos. 21 and
■.';, Hank street, for nun-e than forty years. Like the senior, Mr.
A, R. Hinds is a musician, and continues the business of snpply-
injj the pubhe with music and musical instruments of all kinds as
well as pianos, organs, etc., not only of his own n\ake, but of
niany of the most popular makers in the country, Mr. A, R,
Hinds is one of lho.se nien with whom it is a pleasure to transact
b;isiness. He is a believer in the golden rule and is always ready
to practice it.

C) J' IX) Iv. tSCllll.U.

ir^"^'^^^'

IT RKiJl'lRES but a single glance at the striking likeness of
Mr. Schill, which our .artist has so svtccessfuUy transferred to
lliis i>age, to satisfy any one who has the least smattering of phe-
nological science that he is musically inclined and that music is
as naturally his bent, as poetry is that of the poet born. The
studio of this genius is at Xo. js Clinton street. Here he devotes
his time in giving lessons to those desiring to learn the
art of playing the soul entrancing violin. While Newark can
boast of many excellent artists, she has few, if any, who possess
the qualification to impart their knowledge to others above Otto
K. Schill. Mr. Schill is one of those painstaking, untiring and
devoted teachers, whose highest ambition is to turn out artists
who will be a credit to his skill and an honor to his institution.
Mr, Schill resides at No. 44 Nelson Place.

JOSEPH THON^IE.

lOSKnt THOMK,

JOSl'l'll TllO.MK, whose photo is herewith given, is leader of
the Newark Zither Vere^in, organized in 1SS7, Mr. Thome is
a practical mvisieian on numen^us string instruments and devotes
considerable time to the art of zither playing. He is also an
author, having composed several piece's for that instrument which
have been published and used for the piano as well, the " Ttncn
Tii/it Schottische," being one of the number. The store is
situated on Springfield avenue, near High street, where he keeps
a stock of musical instruments for the trade generally, and a full
supply of sheet music for the lither and piano, violin, banjo, etc.
Mr, Thome is a young man and is devotedly attached to the
musical calling. He touches his favorite zither with rare skill,
and all who have liad the good fortune to hear the delicate notes
and to witness with what peculiar deftness his educated fingers
rty over the string-s of this soul stirring instrument of music, have
enjoyed a musical feast that few performers are able to prepare^.
A single glancv at his photo will convince anybody that music is
the bent of his gxMiius. Not a few performers who tu'e making
rapid progix^ss in the zither playing art feel grateful for the help
he has given them.

.\/-:ilJAA\ X. /.. /I I.rSTK.iTED.

^55

CHARLES W. COMPTON.

AMONG the numerwis professions
there is none of more import-
ance than that of the funeral liiixvtor.
FoUowinj; this business, there is no
name better known to the citi);ens of
Newark than that of Mr. Charles \V.
Compton. whose place of business,
photo, of himself and ivsiilcnce, form
the illustrations on this patje. His
complete establishment, liKated at
No. 216 Market street, was one of the
first iron front buiUlinjjs in the city.
EverythinjT requisite for the business
is provided, and the house is as
varied and CNtensive as any in the
country. Mr. Compton is a Newarker.
and by trade a cabinet maker an;l
undertaker. For thirty-six years he
has officiated at thousands of funerals,
from the poor and humble to the
imposing pajjcantry which drew vast
numliers of peojile to witness th.-
funeral rites attendant upon the
burial of some noted person. In all
cases he has won the esteem of his
fellow eitiiens for the marked kind-
ness displayed. The m.-ijority of im-
provements adopteil in the (irofession
have been introduced by Mr. Comp-
ton. the most important of which is

the child's hearse, which has been in uniwi>.ii ii>i. uii..ii_nliiiut
this country for more th.in thirty years. Prior to that time he
realized the danger attendant ui>;in carrying in coaches the
remains of children who died from contagious disease, and was
the first to design and m.tke use of a scjiarate conveyance espec-

n \ K I 1 ^ \v

-.W >0l 111 Si;vi sill MKLtl.

iaily adapted for that purpose. No act of his long business life
hits given him more real credit, nor in fact, none more really
meritoiious than the introduction of this hearse.

Charles W. Compton is one of the best known men among the
business characters of
Newark, nor have
many been more suc-
cessful. As b e f o r e
>tated, his business
place at No. 21(1 Mar-
ket street, is where he
has done business
all his life, as his
honored father did
before him.

In thousands of
homes Mr. Compton,
in the performance of
his professional
iluties, with his sin-
c e r e 1 y sympathetic
manner, has moditied
and alleviated t h e
mournful situation at-
tendant upon the
disposing of their
dead. In his earlier
life M r. Compton
crossed the o c e a 11
several times in pur-
suit of pleasure, and
gathered a fund of
knowledge at tlte
same time, which he
has otten used most
etYectively

ClI.VKl.KS W. i;O.MI'll>N.

"COMFTO.N BUILDING," ji6 MAKKKr STKKET.

2s6

A'EU-ARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED

C. C. 2VIURR.A.Y.

FEW indeed, among the many beautiful and artistic illustra
tions in this book of gems, show more clearly the high order
of photographic skill made manifest in every resultant picture,
than this, where the home and business plant of C. C. Murray has
been transferred to these pages of Newark, N. J., Ii.lustratkd.
It is a fact that goes without the saying, that the photographed
results to be obtained through the argus e\-e of the relentless and
close-peering camera, must be of the most perfect, bold in outline
and searching in character, before it is fit for the hand of the
artist who transfers it to the plate, so that no question as to its
merits shall ever arise. In the first place, unless its every line is
raised in clearness no good results can be obtain'^d in its trans-
ference. It is evident, as will be seen at a glance, and all will be
sustained after the closest and most critical study of the result as
seen in the picture under consideration, of Mr. Murray's elegant
residence and undertaking business plant, all combined under one
head, as spread before the reader on this page. Not alone have
the artists, one and all, excelled in each of their individual depart-
ments or lines in producing such an attractive and truthful
delineative picture, but they have given the reader a chance to
study the manner of man Mr. Murray is, as his face speaks out
from its retiring place on this page. Any one who has had the
pleasure of seeing Mr. Murray and transacting business with him,
will see at a glance that the picture represents him admirably,
and gives a starting point to that marvelous success which has
marked his career as a business man and gave him such a stand-
ing. From every mark seen around his face and head speaks out
those characteristics so necessary to the successful business man,
giving proof of his possessing the elements of character which
have led up to the happy results which we shall endeavor to so
depict in the few words following, that " he who runs may read."
That Mr. Murray had no special training for the work in which
he is engaged, is known to everybody who has the pleasure of h
friendship and as close an association with those whom he loves to
business man of his age. Any one who has the least smattering of
from the facial standpoint, would see at once, as they scanned his

C. C. MURKAV. UNDERTAKER, CORNER WARREN AND HUDSON STREETS

IS acquaintance, and he has very many of them, and has as wide a
meet and their society enjoy in his own peculiar way, as any other
phrenological science, or has tried his hand at studying character
wide-open countenance standing out in the illustration, plain and
clear, that his predominating characteristics are benevolence and
cautious kindness of heart, and perseverance, the latter ever ready
to come in to assist in overcoming difficulties, while the others
give him first, a hopeful spirit and a sympathizing nature, and
second, an unselfish but careful way.

In the spring of the 3-ear of 1S92, Mr. C. C. Murray, the under-
taker, had erected on the plot of ground at the corner of
Warren and Hudson streets, elegant new buildings in which to
conduct his rapidly growing business. To its present proportions
has the undertaking business grown in Mr. Murray's hands from
very modest beinnings. Thirteen years ago, in the year 18S0,
Mr. Murray began business at No. 14 Hunterdon street. From
thence in 1 881, he removed to No. 295 Warren street, where he
remained until the completion of his imposing edifice into which,
after furnishing it modestly and becomingly, he removed in 1892.
as above stated.

In looking about for the causes wliich are to be held responsible
for the happy results which have followed thick and fast on his
successful career in the undertaking business, it will easily be
seen in the character of the surroundings of everything in his
neat and attractive place, which has little, indeed, of the somber
character usually attendant upon undertakers' concerns, but
principally in the honorable character of the man himself, always
ready at call to serve the rich and poor alike, with a ready tact, a
pleasing waj- and soothing manner, he ever attracts and seldom
if ever repels. A friend to the friendless, and always by kindly
words instilling hope and dispelling despair, his kindlmess mak-
ing friends on all sides. With such a combination which always
leads up to integrity in business, we have an easy solution of the
question of the gratifying success which it is always a pleasure
to record.

C. C. MURRAY.

AEWARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

257

VIKW IN FAIRMOVXT CEMETKKV.

KAIRMOUNT CEIVIETERY.

IT IS ever a pleasure to call atteiUion, as well as to scan the
beautiful, but it becomes doubly so in this connection, where
the artist who photographed the picture on this page brought his
camera to bear upon a spot where Nature had been lavish of her
compliments of beauty before man had adorned it with his skill.
Here is seen a part of that particularly well cared for city of the
dead known as Fairniount Cemetery, where sleep so many of
those who were once citizens of Newark. 'l"he view from which
the picture was taken covers that portion of the cemetery upon
which stands the famous Clawson monument, which shows up so
beautifully, and is said to be the most attractive as well as one
of the most costly monuments in the State of New Jersey.

CHRISXIAN VOLZ.

CHRlSTiAX VOl.Z.

A THOROUGHLY complete establishment for the conduct of
a general furnishing undertaking business, is that of
Christian Volz, at No. 40 William street. In connection with
his undertaking business Mr. Volz has a large number of coaches,
drawn by excellent horses and handled b\' careful drivers. Mr.
Volz's residence is at No. 44 William street, near by. Thus pro-
vided with every necessary for the undertaking business is ever
in readiness to conduct funerals in the very best manner and on
the most reasonable terms. He has competent assistants and
while always polite and painstaking himself, he sees to it that
those he employs shall be the same. His line of goods is of such
a general character that he can satisfy all comers and supply
everj- want and demand. On this page is seen a photo of Mr.
Volz, which is indeed lifelike and natural.

NEWARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED

M. A. MULLIN.

FEW liverymen in Newark have met with
greater success in their calling than the
enterprising citizen whose ideal livery stable forms
one of the illustrations herewith given. The
establishment is one of the most complete and
best equipped in the city, and is another demon-
stration of what push, enterjirise and perseverance
can accomplish. Mr. Mullin is also proprietor of
the Standard Cab Company, and controls the
largest number of the finest coaches to be found
in any similar institution in the State. The plant
is thoroughly equipped with every improvement
known to the business, and emploj-ment is fur-
nished to skilled harness makers, painters and
blacksmiths on the premises. Besides being
a practical business man, he is ever ready to
respond to the call of progress, and devotes con-
siderable time and attention to aquatic affairs.
having for several years served as a commodore
of the Passaic River Amateur Rowing Association.
He also conducts an undertaking establishment
on Harrison avenue, and is largely identified with
the growth of Newark, of which he is an
honorable representative.

B. WOODRUKK.

AMONG the undertakers of the city^ of Newark ,

few have risen to a more deserved promi-
nence than Enoch B. Woodruff, whose offices and warerooms are
at No. S46 Broad street. Here at all hours of the day and night
lie is found ready to respond to the call of those who are so
unfortunate as to need the services of an undertaker. An
experienced female is always in attendance. For convenience
of location the establishment has few equals and no superiors.
Enoch B. Woodruff is one of the oldest undertakers in Newark,
and is a worthy representative of the calling and a citizen of high
standing. His photo on this page is truly life-like and natural.

MULLIN'S CENTRAL LIVERY STABLE, NOS. 261-265 WASHINGTON STREET.

E. H. STOiMAKER.

ONVENIENTLY located at No. 944 Broad street and at

undertaking establishments, where during all hours of the day
and night the public can have all their wants in this line satisfied.
With a large experience and a carefully selected stock, he is ready
to meet every call. A photograph of the gentlemanly head of this
enterprising house is seen on this page.

E B. WOODRUFF.

E. II. =.TONAKER.

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

-59

DAVID CODY'S BoAkDlSi. ANi' i.i\i.KV STABLES, Nos.

\^i KIN.\i;v STkliliT.

AMOXG the main li\ery stable men who have achieved success in the business is David Cody, the stables of whom are seen on this
page, and it will be considered superfluous to say that the picture speaks of them just as they are. Few men ever go into the
livery business unless they are real lovers of the horse, and Mr. Cody does not differ from the great majority, since he will have none
but the best of stock and the handsomest of turnouts, and what is more and better, he will permit none to abuse the patient animals
under his care if in his power to prevent it. His establishment is what is known as the 9th Ward Livery Stable and is situate at Xos.
53 and 55 East Kinney street. Everything about David Cody's stables and carriage houses are neat and tasty. A glance at the picture
will show the most fastidious
that he is the right man in the
right place.

F. W. MuNN's Livery Stable

AT Xo. -6 Chestnut street is
situate one of the largest
and best conducted livery and
boarding stables in the city of
Xewark and is the home of one
of the largest and best cab
establishments. Mr. F. W.
Munn is proprietor and man-
ager. It is justly due the
painstaking gentleman stand-
ing at the head of this concern,
to say that many of the finest
livery turnouts and highest
stepping horses are from his
stables. The genial Captain
Fordham will be found at the
day and evening stand, near
the corner of Broad, south side
Market street, ready for calls.

F. W. MLXN'S XEWARK CAB AND COUPE CO., I<0. 76 CHESTNUT STREET.

26o

AEIVAKK. .V. /, ILLUSTRATED.

Clavton & HOKK Co.

CLAYTON & HOFF CO., STABLES, HALSEY STREET, NEAR MARKET.

FEW cities of this country
can boast of larger, better
equipped or more honorably con-
ducted establishments, than the
rapidly growing metropolitan city
of New Jersey, Newark on the
Passaic. When the fact would
be presented to the stranger, or
one unacquainted with the livery
business as conducted in this
great manufacturing centre, that
Newark supported more than
fifty establishments where horses
and vehicles can be obtained for
hire, he would be startled by its
magnitude.

Among these it is our pleasant
duty to call special attention in
this article to the great establish-
ment conducted by the Clayton
& Hoff Co., on Halsey street,
near Market. These stables,
which are so skillfully transferred
to the pages of Newark, N. J.,

iLLtJSTRATED by OUT artist, cover the extensive plots known as Nos. ig6. 19S and 200 on the ea terlv side, and Nos. 217, 219 and 221, on
the westerly side of Halsey street and the capacious and roomy buildings erected thereon, within these buildings are comfortably
stabbled the more than one hundred horses kept constantly on hand for livery purposes. Among these are many fine appearing
equines to haul the elegant buggies, carriages, coaches and landaus, an immense number of- which they have in styles and patterns,
sufficient to satisfy the tastes of the most fastidious or exacting among the thousands who are their continious patrons. Not an
unimportant part of their business arises from the great demand made on their immense resources for supplying on short notice,
coaches and drivers for funerals, the former are always clean and sweet and woe betide the driver who rides in the driver's seat of
one of Clayton & Hoffi's coaches, who is not always polite and painstaking or shows dereliction of duty. One thing is always
certain to be found in this establishment, and that is polite attention. An application made for a rig in which to ride, be it for one
of their swift steppers or high lookers, or one of their patient, safe and steady plodding dobbins, for they keep every variety, and
turnouts of elegance or comfort, common or for a saddle horse to take a gallop on, is always ftiet in a business way, and the want
supplied as though everybody was in a hurry. Elegance, care, cleanliness and dispatch are the leading words in Clayton & Hoff's
business dictionary. That Newark is fortunate in the class of men who are engaged in the livery business is a fact that goes without
the saying and Charles W. Clayton, who is the sole proprietor of the business, is only a representative of this large class of business
men engaged in letting horses and carriages in the city of Newark. From very modest beginnings the business of this concern has
grown to its present immense proportions under the fostering of this man of pluck and vim, and he can trace his success to the
original motto, "determined to please," which has been carried out to the letter, not only by himself, but by all his employees.
A visit to the stables is well worth the making by the lovers of the horse and the admirers of the stylish in harness, saddles, carriages

or sleighs, stylish and elegant representatives of either, and all being found
in the stables and repositories for vehicles and boudoirs and closets for the
harness, robes, blankets, brooms, dusters and the fly nettings, a variety of
which are kept constantly on hand for use. when necessity or emergency
calls or efficiency demand. Mr. Clayton always delights to show those
around the establishment,- in which he takes a personal interest and pride,
who are in pursuit of pleasure or information as to where is the proper
place to procure at a moderate price just such a turnout as they would like
when they wish to ride or drive.

Every year the Clayton & Hoff establishment send out a neat circular
notifying the people as far as possible of the greatly increased facilities
they have made, in order to please and gratif)- their old customers and
point to others whom they are ready and willing to please. Mr. Clayton ig
one of those men who believe in having a good thing, the very best the
markets afford, and put into exercise the full measure of his push and vim
to furnish everbodj- with " a good horse and carriage for a very little
money."

There is little doubt of this being one of the most thoroughly equipped
livery stables in the city of Newark. Besides the paraphernalia proper,
he has his own blacksmith, wheelwright and harness makers shops with
skilled mechanics to operate them, all of which a wide-awake thinking
public appreciate. The concern makes a specialty of furnishing horses
and wagons separate or together by the day, week or month. Also two
and four horse stages for pleasure parties and immense vans for moving,
and store rooms for storing furniture. The manner of man Mr. Clayton is
CHARLES w. cLA\ lu... may be seen from his photo on this page.

NEWARK. X. /., TLLUSTRA7ED

261

Atlantic Window Shade Co.

THI
(

l'I.ANT OF THE ATLANTIC WINDOW SHADE CO., NOS. 104 AND 106 POLK STREE

IE Atlantic Window Shade
Co., which has its home at
Nos. 104 and io6 Polk street, a
beautiful illustration of the build-
ing in which the industrj- is
housed being seen on this page of
Newark, N. J., Illustrated, as
well as elegant likenesses of Mr.
Ferdinand Grebe, the treasurer and
general manager, and Julius Phil-
ippson, the president and superin-
tendent of the sales department.
About five years previous to the
organization of the Atlantic Win-
dow Shade Company, a small busi-
ness started for the purpose of
stamping or printing hosiery, laid
the foundations for this now pros-
perous concern. Indeed, we have
in the growth, conduct and success
of this business another demonstra-
tion of the success which results
from push and vim, and the mighty
growths of business industries
which follow small beginnings.
The buildings are of brick, three
stories and basement, having a frontage on Polk street of forty feet and rear extension of ninety feet, giving a capacity which though
capacious enough, apparently, is found in the busy season all too contracted for the demands made upon it, when the thirty-five to
forty men, artists, painters and pencilists are hurrying oflF the tens of thousands of window shades in fulfillment of orders from all
sections of the country, where the people have taste enough to adorn their windows with shades, not alone beautiful, but full of
utility, which this house turns out in such quantities and such great variety of styles and patterns, some of the latter being simply
marv-elous and full of attractions to those who are endowed with taste in harmony.

That those who may be so fortunate as to turn the pages of this work of art, may know somewhat of the character and beauty of
the window drapings turned out by Messrs. Grebe & Philippson in their Polk street plant, the writer of this brief sketch will
endeavor to transfer some of the impressions of the elegant, rich and unique patterns which were shown during a recent visit and
short sojourn in the halls where the artists work. It will be well to remember, to start with, that the very best part of the shade
decorations are made by the artists skilled in oil painting. To stand for a moment and see the skill with which they transfer their
minds, evolution of beauty to the shade, in the beautiful tlower piece, or animal, or bird representation, is simply entrancing and
holds the \nsitor spell bound Here is an artist engaged in bringing out in detail on this shade of muslin a flower piece in which
the beautiful calla of the Easter season predominates, while on that piece of linen another seems to call forth from the lily pads
flowers in full bloom, so true to nature, and as it were, filling the room with the aroma from their great yellow stamens, and snow
white petals, two swans so life-like that the ear is bent low as if to hear the notes of their famous life parting song : and here the picture
of a squirrel so prettv that one would expect to hear his chirr as he scampers along the pine branch, laden with its seed bearing cones

Pages might be used in the

description of the rich and

varied colors which are made

to speak forth in finest tones.

The company manufactures

its own cloth in an endless

variety of tints, from which the

shades are cut, and mounted 0:1

rollers ready for use.

The growth of this business

has been such that nettings of

cloth and wire have been added

and the printing of these nec-
essaries to these sections of

our country, where the blood

drawing and life prolonging

mosquito loves to dwell, has

become an important adjunct

to the business. Both gentle-
men are Germans by birth,

Newarkers by adoption and

Americans in heart, and are

doing their full share in the

work of the upbuilding of

industrial Newark.

FERDINAXD GREBE.

JULIUS PHILIPPSON.

262

NEJFARK, A\ J, ILLUSTRATED.

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fBHFff,

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ft D 'f I

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PS^iJl

ttgp^t||£|§i#|f; r F f F,k£$^

"^ Jlinijui"'^ .

J. K. OSBORM N4ANUKACXURINO COIVlPANY.

R /I R. J. K. OSBORN, the president of the J.

K. Osborn
Manufacturing Conipan}-, was formerly of Riley & Osborn,
and later treasurer of the Riley & Osborn Manufacturing Com-
pany. He is one of the pioneers in the fancy metal goods business
in our city. When Mr. Osborn first entered the brass business
nearly all the fancy goods made of metal came from foreign
shores, but through his energy and skill the trade of fancy brass
goods in this country was supplied by his firm, and their produc-
tion was not only sent throughout the United States, but Canada
and the islands of the sea, in fact to every known country in the
world, so world-wide had become the name of the old firm. Mr.
Osborn has the facilities at the present time to still compete with
the trade, and will continue to lead m all that is new and novel in
the metal line. In former times all the military metal goods, all
bags and satchel trimmings, all umbrella and parasol metal trim-
mings, all ladies' belt buckles, hat pins and buckles, dress buckles,
all society metal goods, cane handles and ferules, inkstands and
all fancy articles, such as whisk holders, cigar holders, and in fact
all articles in the fancy brass line were brought from England,
Germany or France, but through the energy of Mr. J. K. Osborn
these things have all been made here, and our buyers make no
more costly and long journies across the waters for them, but at
home they can find all and much more than ever was imported.
This business has developed into such large proportions that the
above named concern has recently moved into the large and com-
modious building corner Hamilton street and Railroad avenue,
which every traveler on the Pennsylvania Railroad can see. The
building is situated at the southwest corner of the Pennsylvania
Railroad station.

There is hardly an industry in this city of teeming thousands,
which turns out a greater variety of products than this in which
Mr. J. K. Osborn has been so long engaged, and there are very

few who have better, if indeed any, than this old pioneer of this
line of Newark's manufactured products. One thing is very
certain, and that is, the goods turned out under his supervision
will stand test of comparison with anything turned out of the
workshops of the world. The first thing which would strike
the visitor as he looks into the great manufacturing establishment,
is the air of contentment and the neatness pervading everywhere,
and in particular, the care which Mr. Osborn exercises himself,
so far as possible, over the manufacturing work going on. Of
course a man can't keep an eye to everything, but as in all suc-
cessful concerns, the fertility of the brain of the head of concerns
is transferred to subordinates in charge of departments. So it is
here. The genius and skill of Mr. Osborn goes out in all the
goods manufactured. He is a thorough mechanic and bends to
the work with the same degree of spirit and determination as
though it had always been .smooth sailing in the good old ship
of his business destin}\

The beautiful illustration on this page of the great buildings in
which he is conducting his business speaks a language in regard
to his thrift and enterprise better than anything the author might
write. As the interested turns the pages of Newark, N. J.,
Illustrated, he will find art studies which for beauty of appear-
ance and excellence of finish, ought to satisfy his longings, but
among them all he will find few which speak a better or more
truthful language than this, where so much manufacturing is
carried on, which tend not alone to satisfy honor and enrich the
conductors, but tending at the same time toward the upbuilding
of the greatness of Newark as a manufacturing centre.

To such men as Mr. Osborn then, a deep debt of gratitude is
due for the good work they are doing toward maintaining, as well
as the part they are playing in the upholding of a great industrial
centre.

NEWARK, N. J., ILLUSTRATED

iSlEWARK CiTV COKKEE AXD SPICE N^ILLS.

THE Newark City Coffee and Spice Mills are located at Xo. 55 Mechanic
street. This favorably known establishment was begun April :, 1S81, in
a very modest way, by the present proprietors, Messrs. David Blackwood and
John Coykendall, both natives of Newark, and has been deser\-edly successful.
None in the line of trade stands better with its patrons. The increasing busi-
ness compelled them to seek larger quarters, and in 1S90 they erected a hand-
some three-story brick building. 2o.\ioo, as shown in this illustration It is
equipped throughout with entirely new machinery of the latest improved
kinds. Their coffee roasters, boiler, engine, &c. , are all located on the third
floor. The building is also equipped with an elevator, running from the cellar
to the third floor. The capacity of the coffee roasting machinerj- is 6,000
pounds per day. They give employment to ten men, and do a very satisfac-
tory business yearly. The business is entirely wholesale, and extends
throughout New Jersey. The stock carried is large and full, embracing al]
the various grades of green coffees, teas and spices, also foreign and domestic
dried fruits and nuts and grocers' sundries. We commend this house to our
readers as deserving their liberal support and patronage.

EDWARD TUNISOX.

OXK of the most prolific business fields in the mercantile world is that of
the grocer. In no other line are the demands quite so great as in those
of that trade. Everybody must needs come in contact with men engaged in
dispensing groceries, as all must have his commodities to a greater or less
e.xtent. So it is that he who takes up the grocers' baton and wields it
honorably and manfully is certain of success. Thus in the subject of this
sketch, it is plain enough, have been embodied these necessary qualifications
to insure the .success which is crowning his career. In the two large stores
under his care at the comer of Belleville avenue and Oriental street and corner
of Pacific and Walnut streets, is Mr. Edward Tunison engaged, and who
shows the manner of man he is in the exact likeness on this page.

•WILUlArvI K. COULTER.

THE push and vim of Newark men has a demonstration in the subject of
this sketch, Mr. William F. Coulter, who conducts a wonderfully suc-
cessful wholesale grocery business at No. 255 Market street. In all probability
there is a larger number of Newark's successful business men who have won
their standing in the mercantile world by enterprise and real pluck than in
any other place of its population in the country. In this great manufacturing

centre, where
the hum of in-
dustry is heard
on all sides,
there comes up
an incentive to
be up and doing.
The 1 i ne of
trade in which
Mr. Coulter is
engaged is one
that requires
determination,
energy, and
enterprise t o
achieve success.
By close appli-
cation to busi-
ness and an in-
dustry that
knows no
flagging, M r .
William F .
Coulter, whose
likeness we
show, has
placed himself
high up on the
mercantile roll.

BLACKWOOll .4 COVKKNDALL, NO. 55 MKCII.VNIC STKICKT.

EDWARn TUXISON.

WII.MAM F. COULTER.

264

NEWARK, N. /., ILLUSTRATED.

hKkDlXAXli ENI'ICKLIX, JR.

FEklilNANli K.NiiKkLlN.

KERDINAXD ENDERLIN & SON.

THE industry of book binding, which is conducted by Messrs.
Ferdinand EnderHn & Son, is one of the leading industries
carried on in this city. Books bound in the city of Newark find
their way into all parts of the world, and the very excellent
character of the binding done here, gives this city of almost
innumerable industrial pursuits the call through the nations.

Many of the books printed in New York and other cities are
bound in Newark. Among the leading houses conducting this
industry stands that of Ferdinand Enderlin & Son, located at No.
216 Market street, in the Compton Building, where some of the
very best work done in the city is performed, and from which
many elegantly bound books find their waj- to the parlor tables
and libraries throughout the land.

Few, indeed, of our citizens have the faintest idea of the
magnitude of the book binding industry as carried on in this
industrial centre. In no city in the country has there been such
a wonderful development of the industry as can be seen in the
leading book binding establishments, and none among those
have given it a greater impetus than this house under considera-
tion. The business was established in 1878, and to-day they have
one of the very best plants in the city. Within the bindery of
Enderlin & Son are all the very latest discovered and improved
appliances and machinery known to the book binders' art. The
firm consists of father and son and both are practical mechanics.
Mr. Enderlin, Jr. , is the business manager of the concern. Atten-
tion is called to their photographs on this page.

W. IVEORRISON.

\\ , M(.>KKl^i>N.

FEW men engaged in business in this rapidly growing indus-
trial centre have a wider field than those known as photo-
graphers. Away up in the attic rooms of the highest buildings
along the principal thoroughfares and the busiest streets these
men ply their vocation, and bring forth from the eye of the
searching camera, likenesses of men, women and children.
Among those artists engaged in this calling which has so much of
beauty as its result, is Mr. Wilmarth Morrison, who has his
studio at 177 Ferry street. Mr. Morrison is full of enterprise and
is a practical mechanic as well as skilled artist and while making
a business of photography in general, he makes a specialty of
portrait work. Many of the photos forming the illustrations on
the pages of this book are results of his skill and produced in his
studio. A photographic likeness of Mr. Morrison forms one of
the illustrations of this page of New.\rk, N. J. Illustr--\ted.

NEWAJiK. X. J., ILLUSTRATED.

26;

INTERIOR VIEW OF THE A\\.\1N(. AND l-I.A(. DEPARTMENT OF [ACKSON AWNINd CO.. Nii. .86 MARKET STREET.

JACKSON AWNIXG CO.

THE above is a view of the awning and flag department of the
Jackson Awning Co.. whose factory occupies the two top
floors of Xo. 186 Market street, this city, where over i.fxx) square
feet of floor room is occupied in the manufacturing of all kinds of
awnings, tents, flags, banners, signs, wagon covers, horse covers,
nose bags and canvass goods of every description. The firm also
does considerable work for the United States Government, having
just completed a contract for 20,000 pillow cases, and now have a
contract for 10,000 mosquito canopies for the Government. The
company rents out tents for camping-out parties and lawn parties

and furnish floor crash and sidewalk canopies for weddings,
receptions, etc. They do the largest business in the decorating
line of any firm in the State. They have over 4,000 flags of all
nations, which they use for that purpose, and can decorate for
any puq>ose, both inside and outside, at a moment's notice. Their
business is not confined to the city of Newark, but they furnish
awnings and flags, also decorations, for all parts of the United
States, and have shipped awnings to South America through a
New York shipping house. They took the premium for the hand-
somest decorations on a private house in the city of Detroit,
Mich., during the G. A. R. encampment in 1S91. They also were
highly complimented for their handsome decorations at Washing-
ton. D. C, during the encampment of i8i;2. The success of the
business is due to the push and energy of Mr. J. Weslie Jackson,
who is president and treasurer of the company, behaving started
the business in 1S78 and built it up successfully by his energy and
hard work until 1SS6, when the company was organized as a stock
company under the State law of New Jersey, since which time
Mr. Jackson has been the treasurer atid principal executive officer
of the company,

Mr. Jackson, whose photo, is shown here, was born in Morris
county, this State, and at the age of seventeen enlisted as a
drummer boy in the 27th N. J. Volunteers, and returned with the
regiment to Newark, where he reenlisted as corporal in the 33d
N. J. Vet. Vols., and served with his regiment as color guard
during the Atlanta campaign in the 2d brigade, 2d division, 20th
A. corps, under Gen. Joseph Hooker. After the fall of Atlanta
he was detailed for duty at corps headquarters as scout and
messenger, where he remained until the fall of Richmond. He
returned with his regiment to Newark, having been promoted to
second lieutenant for bravery. He is a member of Lincoln Post,
No. II, G. A. R., Department of New Jersey ; is a Republican in
politics, but has never held office except Superintendent of
Wharfs of the city of Newark for six years, while he had his
factory on the dock.

J. WESLIE J.\CKSOX.

266

NEWARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED
ALSDORK c% CO.

THE rapid growth and marvelous expansion of the business conducted by Alsdorf &
Co., at No. 605 Broad street, is only another demonstration of the fact, that the man
or set of men who start out with a determination to stand by the golden rule in all their
transactions , are sure to win. The business of the house which is now under consideration ,
is three-fold in character, or consists of three branches under one head, viz : Bicycles,
pianos and sewing machines. From modest beginnings indeed, did Alsdorf & Co begin
the work of building up a trade, which to-day rivals any house in the State in the value of
goods handled and the amount of business transacted. From the modest establishment in
Academy street, just opposite the post-office, where they began the work of building up
their great business, which is the pride of every Newarker who has the honor of the firm's
acqaintance, they moved to their present elegant and roomy quarters. Our artist has
shown a wonderful degree of skill in transferring to these pages of New.^rk, N. J., Illus-
trated, the several photographic views of this immense mercantile emporium. The
interior views which represent the front and rear of the first floor or main store and sales-
room, which has a depth of 220 feet, where the hundreds of the beautiful wheels, many of
which are truly gems, and some of them so inviting, there isn't much reason left when one
looks and admires why they should not buy them ; especially so when the terms of
payment are made so easy that it don't take a very stiff purse to do the business In fact
anybody who is honest enough to pay sometime needn't go on foot.

But old and young can glide away.

On the shimmering wheel so bright and gay ;

Can be up and off at break of day.

Over the hills and so far away.

The ne.xt is a representation of the sewing machines, of an almost endless variety of ilam ..'t t. aloi.i.kk .^ co.

styles and patterns, and occupy the rear, while those charming pianos made by Sohmer

and several other makers, so sweet in tone, have their abiding in the front of the second floor. And yet there's another which
demonstrates the artist's skill with full greater truthfulness, in the picture which gives a superb view of the workshop on the third

floor, where the workmen are seen, spectre-like, flitting to and
fro, as they make the new, or rejuvinate the old, whether it be
piano, bicycle or sewing machine, its apparently all the same to
them in the picture.

On the fourth floor they maintain a riding school, where girls
and boys, ladies and gentlemen, are taught to ride, free of charge.
Here is another giving a correct view of the entire building or
street front elevation of this Alsdorf & Go's wonderful industrial
bee-hive, from which go forth daily large numbers of swift flying
bicycles and sewing machines, and upright pianos of sweet tone.
An hour or two, or even several, could not be more pleasantly,
or for that matter, more profitably spent, than in a visit to this
establishment of Alsdorf & Co. Could it be done when either
Mr. Alsdorf or Mr. DuBois are found at leisure the visit would
prove much more satisfactory, since a conductor through the
infinite maze of bicycles and sewing machines, saying nothing
about the pianos, which are here housed by the hundreds. The
names, makes and numbers of the wheels the visitor would most
admire or might be induced to buy, can be so nicely stated and

pleasantly rehearsed by either of these gentlemen, who have made them all study, and then they always study to please. They and

their salesmen are so painstaking that none can go away that have paid attention to the disquisitions which they are always prepared

to give on the subject of the wheel or the sewing machine as a "motor," or the piano's fine qualities, on which they love to dwell,

while the visitor looks and admires, and finally settles the fact in

his or her own mind that the place to buy one of these absolute

necessities for human welfare, is where they sell them the

cheapest, and those that are best, and the place, right where they

are, and where such evidently practical and honorable gentlemen

are the chaperons and salesmen. A grand elevator carries

passengers from floor to floor, and the pianos, wheels and sewing

machines are taken up and down without a marr or scratch.
Early in the present wheel excitement Alsdorf & Co. caught it

on the fly, (as it were) and did a great work in supplying the

material for the upbuilding of this great and growing industry.

Mr. DuBois is an expert 'cyclist, and is never averse to taking a

spin through the country, and especially is this so when somebody

is in pursuit of a wheel. He is always ready to demonstrate the

extra good quality of those they have in store, and they never

deal in any but the best, and everything is warranted and sold

for the least possible price, either for cash or on installments, on

terms so easy that none need be so poor as to be unable to buy.

^Hpi

^^^^^^■^^M> t^

y^S

iM^HI

life VIEW OF CYCLE

DEPARTMENT

'■^

AEIVA/^K. \. /, ILLUSTRATED.

267

The marvelous facts that everybody ought to be aware of, are
well understood by the firm, that the wheel is a genuine promoter
of the appetite, a sure dyspeptic renovator, uric acid eliminator,
muscle developer, and long life promoter, and they never tire in
acting the roll of educators. If there were more Alsdorfs and
DuBois, (who is a nephew of Mr. Alsdorf) who like these men,
would ceaselessly endeavor to keep the people up to the work of
developing the chest and strengthening the lungs by a spin on
the wheel out in the fresh air, there would be far less narrow
chests, hacking coughs — in short, very much less tubercular con-
sumption. Alsdorf & Co. cimferred a great boon on the ladies
when they succeeded in inducing them to throw off that foolish
modesty which kept them for years from adopting the habit that
gentlemen so long enjoyed, and ridmg the bicycle wheel.

The visitor must not forget, in liK>king and yearning, that there
is yet something for his attention. The New Hf)me light running
swift and strong sewing machines, hundreds of which the house
is seeking customers for. Also elegant pianos, in the height of
fashion, and for prices so low, and on terms so easy, as to be truly
startling, and within the reach of every desire. To Alsdorf &

Co., then, are due the thanks of hundreds of families whose
struggles have been so wonderfully mitigated through their truly
beniticent plan of putting excellent sewing machines into their
hands on the most liberal of terms. With the outlay of a few
dollars a month as a payment on one of their swift running
machines, many a family has been enabled, not alone to procure
this mighty helpmeet, but also benizens of comfort to household
and self, to which they would have long remained strangers
perhaps, had not the studious and thoughtful care of this liberal
house placed them within their reach.

Then again, as if the cup of the public gratitude toward this
firm was not full to the running over, they must needs, in fulfill-
ing their grand mission, place in many a home a beautiful iiiano,
where even the sound of sweet music had seldom been heard
before. Alsdorf & Co. had in their generous business methods
made its advent certain. Not a few who have improved the oppor-
tunities offered by Alsdorf & Co., of cultivating their musical
talent, are playing for the public.

It is a pleasure indeed, to refer to the life-like photos of these
men, which the artist has so skillfully transferred to these pages.

EGBEKT ALSIiORF.

J0IIANNI3 A. UU liOIS.

268

NEWARK, N. J , ILLUSTRATED.

MULLER & SCHMIDT.

IT IS to say nothing derogatory of the many other great mer-
chandizing establishments of the city of Newark engaged in
the same line with the house under consideration, when the
declaration is put in print which speaks in the language of merited
praise due the furniture and house-furnishing goods emporium of
Muller & Schmidt, situate in the elegant brick structure
extending from No.
93 to 97 inclusive, on
Spi'ingfield avenue, a
street which is rapidly
advancing in commercial
importance. These great
buildings, known as the
business plant, wherein
is housed the immense
stock i n trade of this
wide-awake and progres-
sive mercantile firm, is
only a leading represen-
tative house of hundreds
of other similar estab-
lishments for business on
this avenue. Among
these are some as large
and rich in merchandize
as the noted stores of
Broad and Market streets.
Muller & Schmidt were
among the first to sow
the seed of business and
to reap the rich harvest
of trade on Springfield
avenue. The first these
enterprising men scat-
tered was but a handful,
and so rich and produc-
tive did the soil of the
hill region prove, that
they have not only con-
tinued to add more and
more to their business,
but others caught the
incentive to try their
hand at Springfield ave-
nue merchandizing, and
while Muller & Schmidt
have grown to the grand
proportions of to-day,
there are many more
representative stores
along the avenue, making
it unnecessary for pur-
chasers to go down or out

of town to procure their supplies. The result of all this has been
that more room was soon demanded and greater facilities
required. To meet these wants they purchased the ground and
erected the elegant brick structure at Nos. 113, 115 and 117
Springfield avenue, near West street, and extending fifty-five
feet in William street, and thus forming a great commercial
centre on the hill.

These stores are built of brick, four stories and basement,
finished in Georgia pine, and furnished throughout magnificently
with every convenience for the comfort of the small army of
clerks and the accommodation of customers. Hydraulic eleva-
tors ply from basement, to attic and roof. The stock of goods
this house carries will vie with any in the State, and the prices

are so low, and the terms so easy, that all can come and buy..
Attention is also directed to the beautiful illustration of this
enterprising establishment on this page of Newark, N. J.,
Ii.i.usTR.\TED. Within the walls of these great structures, which
are so beautifully brought out in the photo view and pen
sketch here given, is found on exhibition and sale everything

necessary for housekeep-
ing purposes. Their
stock of tapestry and
ordinary Brussels carpet-
ing must needs be seen
to be appreciated. Along
with the carpeting comes
the oil cloths in infinite
variety of styles, quali-
ties and patterns on the
second floor. On the
third floor are seen the
extension tables and
dining-room furnishing
goods, much of which is
so attractive, beautiful
and unique as to make
the on-looker hungry,
not alone to eat, but buy
as well, the handsome
things preparatory-.
Here as well as on the
fourth floor are seen the
bed room suits, many of
which are so attractive,
rich and beautiful as to
captivate the desire to
possess at once.

In the basement are
stored the stoves, ranges
and heavier goods so
necessary in housekeep-
ing, while the very
lightest wares find their
abiding places in the
attic, and far away from
the lounges, so invitingly
arranged along the
elevator route. In order
to keep everything cool,
from attic to cellar,
during the oppressive
warm weather the house
carries refrigerators o f
many very inviting styles
and patterns.

Muller & Schmidt do
business on the grand old principles of live and let live, and
believe that a "nimble sixpense is far better than a slow
shilling." The comfortable and rapid electric cars of the Spring-
field avenue line pass the door.

The friends of progress, who are ready to exult over success
achieved, will find opportunity in the presence of the great
stores of Muller & Schmidt, who have solved the problem on
c;pringfield avenue. On this spot, and in the conduct of the house
furnishing goods business, Muller & Schmidt have made abund-
antly manifest the fact that " where there's a will there's a way."
Polite, painstaking, experienced and honorable clerks and
salesmen stand ready at every counter, and in every part of this
great mercantile bee-hive, to attend your every beck and call.

lYEH'.IRK, \. J. ILLUSTRATED.

269

THE ROSSMAGEL FURNITURE CO.

ONIC of the few furniture manufacturing
houses that Newark has, is the Rossnagel
Furniture Co.'s plant, located at Xos. 140 and 142
Walnut street. This house was established by
Mr. William Rossnagel in 1869, in a small way,
and under his vigorous and excellent manage-
ment grew to be one of importance.

His death occuring in 1S79, his widow. Mrs.
Mary A. Rossnagel, continued the business under
the management of Mr. J. G. Rossnagel.

In July, 1SS8, the present company was formed
with William D., and Walter Rossnagel as part-
ners, who have since successfully prosecuted the
business.

The store occupied is a tine double one, 30 foot
wide, and running 'L" shape, almost to New
York avenue. Three floors are in use. making a
total floor space of over 12.000 square feet.

The first and second floor, used as salesroom
and offices, display medium and high-class bed
room suits, parlor furniture, chairs, bedding and
sideboards. The third floor is used as upholster-
ing and bedding shops, (this is a well lighted
roftm, giving employment to four upholsterers,
two mattress makers and four cabinet makers the
year round, all experienced men, and turn out
first-cla.ss work). The ''L" annexed is used as . ■. .- ,.i. . ~ .,.. . ..• , ,. ,\ , .1 , >iiv 1.1.

stock rooms. Every convenience is provided for

the business, and all prices are the lowest consistent with legitimate business. The low rents prevailing in this section, is a drawing
card with this house, as it enables them to sell much cheaper than if they were on a business street. It is one of the most reliable
and prompt dealing houses of the kind in the city, and customers may safely rely upon all representations made when purchasing of
them. I'nder its present control, the business continues to increa.se and the reputation of the old house is ably sustained.

AMOS H. \'AN HORN.

AMOS II. V.\S HORN,

FlCW men engaged in business in Newark have earned a better
right to the title of self-made men. than the conductor of
the great house furnishing emporium, located at No. 73 Market
street. It is but little more than a quarter of a century since
Amos H. Van Horn, who had started business in a small way,
heard the clarion call from the trumpet of President Lincoln to
rally for the defense of the Union, left his all, enlisted and went
to war. Faithfully and sincerely young Van Horn fought his
way through the war and returning in safety, wears the honored
badge of a veteran. On his return he at once re-opened business
and by the exercise of that wise discretion and shrewd business
tact, he has risen from step to step, always keeping his affairs
well in hand, and ever willing to accept new and promising
theories, he has gone on and on. increasing, enlarging and
advancing, until the house furnishing goods establishment over
which Amos H, Van Horn, the veteran soldier and successful
self-made man and merchant presides, is one of the largest in the
State. The manner of man Amos H. Van Horn is, can be seen
in the life-like photo of him on this page.

The lots on which Mr. Van Horn conducts his business, have a
frontage of fifty-one feet on Market street, extending from Nos.
fif) to 73 inclusive. The buildings are four stories high and two
hundred feet deep. Broad stairways extend from basement to
attic and an elevator plys to ail the stories carrj-ing customers
and furniture. With all the room his great buildings furnished,
the mighty increase of his business called for more. First he
bought opposite to his rear, on Campbell street, erected another five
story building, thus occupying Nos. 23, 25, 27 and 29 on the north,
and 26, 28, 30 and 32 on the south side of Campbell street. More
room was the crj', till he bought through to Bank street, and built
No. 88 of buff brick and blue stone, five stories, basement and attic.

270

NEWARK, X. J., ILLUSTRATED.

Thk Hagopiax i^hoto-Engraving Co.

IN NO line of industry has greater improvements been
accomplished during the last quarter of a century than in
the engraving art. On this page are produced specimens
engraved by the Hagopian Photo-Engraving Company, whose

business is c o n-
ducted at No. 3
Great Jones street,
N e w York city.
This enterprising
house has pro-
duced the greater
number of the
finest illustrations
to be found on the
pages of Newark,
N. J. , Illustrated.
The head of the
firm has been con-
nected with the
industry during

the past twenty-
AKTisr. '■ . -;

five years, and is

perhaps entitled to
be designated one of the pioneers in the photo-engraving
business of the United States, having learned the art of
engraving on wood with William \V. Rowland, Esq. In 1S6S,
three years later, he assumed entire charge of the engraving
department of the Actenic Company's plant, which was the first
known to produce
printing plates
from photos, b y
the J. C. Moss
proce.ss. Being an
artist, and expert
engraver, with a
thorough know-
ledge of photo-
graphy, he studied
and experimented
in the processes,
and was rewarded
by discovering
several new meth-
ods which made
him an expert in
the business. It
was Mr. Hagopian

who founded the American Photo-engraving Company, and
during his career with them they were noted for producing the
best work in the trade. After leaving the company his services
were secured by the Photo engraving Company of Park Place,
with whom he served ten years as superintendent of inventions

and processes, and
he was also identi-
fied with the well-
known house of
James R. Osgood
lie Co., of Boston,
Mass. In Jla)*,
1S91, he associated
himself with Mr.
Albert G. Katabd-
jian, who is also a
practical engraver
with twelve years
experience, and
had_charge of the
engraving depart-

FHOTUGKAFHING.

ment of a promi-
nent establishment
for several years,
and established the
present plant,
which is fitted up
with every known
improvement tend-
ing to perfect the
work, and reduce
the cost of engrav-
ings, thus en-
abling every one
Rf'iTiNc. so inclined to

illustrate their
books, papers, cat-
alogues, etc., at the least possible expense. The fimi recom-
mends their new and latest process, as the neatest, cleanest and
most durable, when good malarial and workmanship are required,
as well as for all-around work, over the numerous processes now
in use. The firm make a specialty of producing printing plates
of the best quality
on zinc and copper.
Estimates, etc.,
cheerfully fur-
nished upon appli-
cation to the com-
pany. ■;

The work per-
formed b y these
enterprising citi-
zens have made a
complete revolu-
tion in the engrav-
ing business, es-
pecially is this so
in the immense re-
duction of the cost K.NGKAW.N...
of illustrating such
works as this,

which, it is safe to say, would have been, so far as the beautiful
plates are concerned, ten times what this company has been
enabled to produce them for, under their late improved, scientific
and artistic methods, the work accomplished being equally as
if not better, than if it were done by the old process. A

full and satisfying
demonstration of
this fact can be
seen by the least
observant, as the
pages are turned,
upon each of which
in all their beauty
of line and perfec-
tion of detail, they
are seen. If far-
ther evidence is
needed of the
truthfulness of the
statement of the

wonderful saving
rKMi'ii.M..

the new processes

of this company

have achieved, the

evidence which would prove convincing to the most exacting, can

be had from the lips of the compiler, in the happy result of the

mighty saving which these artists have made possible for him.

It has' been a very pleasant surprise to him in procuring material

for this beautiful work, how such elegant engraving could be

produced for such a small sum of money.

good.

.VEUARK. X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

271

THE PROGRESS CLUB.

CLL'B life in Newark is different from that of any other
city, in that it partakes so little of selfishness. It is
characteristic of Xewarkers, that once they realize that they
are heartily enjoying something to endeavor to bring others in
to share it with them. The Progress Club is undoubtedly one
of the clubs that is in a flourishing condition. In the matter
of thorough enjoyment it leads all the rest. The members
entertain their friends in a royal manner all the year round,
in the winter season giving a series of receptions and entertain-
ments. The home of the Progress Club, which they recently
purchased, is at Nos. g and 11 West Park street, in one of the
choicest localities of the city. It is a handsome brown stone
four stories and basement. In the basement are the kitchen,
boiler room, storage and wine rooms, on the first floor ar*; a
large double parlor, reception room, librarj*, dining room and
ladies' retiring room. On the second floor are the main card
room, director's room, secretary's office and a handsomely
appointed cafe. This floor is fitted up in cherry and has hard
\voo<l floors. The billiard room and card rc»ims are on the
third floor and on the fourth floor is the hall, used for ban-
quets, sociables and meetings. The house is handsomely
furnished, and lighted by electricity and gas. The club was
organized in 1872, as the X. X. C, and the members were
pledged to secrecy as to the meaning of its initials. In 1S87,
the name " Progress Club," was adopted and became an
incorporated body. The club's quarters were then at Xo. 882
Broad street. In iSSS, the club removed to its present home.
The club has a membership of about i;o. The officers are
Samuel Froehlich. president ; Leser Lehman, vice-president :
Louis Schlesinger, financial secretary ; Julius Barthman,
recording secretary ; Louis Plant, treasurer.

J. RENXIE SMITH.

gSHiffiff fffiB

PROGRESS Cl.iri, WEST I'AKK STREET.

AMONG the many successful photographers in the city of
Newark, few, if indced'anj-. rank higher and enjoy a

more liberal patronage than J.^Rennie Smith, whose studio is

at Xos. 727 and 729 Broad street. _ His isone of the largest and

most imposing among the large number in the city. It occupies the entire upper floor of the well-known Bolles Building, next door

north of the post office. The extent and capacity of his exhibition room is such that his works of art are displayed most advantage-
ously. He has been suspending portraits on the side walls and placing
beautiful photos in show cases for a quarter of a century, of the
thousands of his patrons, who have been caught in the scrutinizing
gaze of the argus-eyed camera, and have passed the finishing process
and through the deft fingers of the genial and large hearted artist and
proprietor. Beside the remarkably correct and speaking photo like-
nesses of many of the people of Xewark, of the present and past genera-
tions, he has many excellent portraits of well-known persons, and photos
by the thousands of articles manufactured in this great industrial
centre. Xot a small part of his business lies in this direction of photo-
graphing many of the manufactured products of many of the great
manufacturing establishments, such as trunks, saddles, harness and
harness trimmings and mountings, cutlery, fancy goods, sewing
machines, etc. During the summer months for the past four years, Mr.
Smith has conducted a photographic establishment at Asbury Park,
near the easterly foot bridge connecting the twin cities of Ocean Grove
and Asbury Park. This summer studio and home of the beautiful art
of which J. Rennie Smith is an acknowledged master, has been
e.xtremely popular with the people, who visit these resorts. Few indeed,
of the delights of these beautiful seaside places are better repaying than
the photos, in group or single, obtained from a sitting before Mr. Smith's
camera in his attractive studio at the Park.

Many rare samples of Artist J. Rennie Smith's suberb photos are seen
on the pages of this work, as well as many of the great plants of
Newark's industrial pursuits and likenesses of their conductors , all ot"
which have been brought out with man'elous skill from pictures made
by himself and other Newark artists.

272

NEWARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED
ALFRED LISTER, DECE-.A.SED.

THE accompanying photograph of the late Mr. Alfred Lister, very truly repre
sents the gentleman as he appeared during his later j^ears. Mr. Lister was
one of Newark's most prominent, highly esteemed and public spirited citizens,
a representative business man and large real estate owner. He was born at
Answorth, England, near the Scottish border, passing his early years VFork-
ing in his father's bone button factory. Arriving at manhood he came to
America in 1S43, locating with his father in New York city. From here the
business was removed to Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., in 1S49. Again another
change was made to Tarrytown, N. Y., in 1S51. Here the business grew
so rapidly that, after marrying his only wife, with whom he lived for over
thirtv years, stUl another change was deemed advisable. His attention
being called to the valuable factory locations on the Passaic river, this
city, he purchased the site now the Lister Agricultural Chemical Works,
in 1S62. His brother, Edwin Lister, who had been continually with him,
was taken into equal partnership. By great enterprise and indefatigable
labor the firm of Lister Bros, was rapidly taking first place among the
fertilizer manufacturing concerns of the world. To such an extent was
the business increased that in 1S85 a stock company was formed, with a
capital of $600,000. under the style of Lister's Agricultural Chemical Works.
Mr. Alfred was elected president, but served for only one year, owing to
unpleasant business associations. His interest of nearly one half was
invested in real estate in this city, Orange and Baltimore. Md. At one time
his interest was valued at nearly one milUon. After a few years of this new
experience, his old longing for his chosen field returned to him, causing an entire
change from real estate to fertilizer business. This firm known as the H. S.
Miller Co., was formed in 1S8S, and after a few years, in which time a very prosper-
ous business was done, and was fast becoming a rival of the Lister's Agricultural
Chemical Works ; by some mis-management, a suspension of business was necessi-
tated, and indebtedness of $450,000 remained to be paid. There being little resource,

ALFRED LISTER, DECEASED.

■■At-

„ -j,_ii?

-" -A

'^ y^

^;-^

4^!^i..^

RESIDENCE OF ALFRED LISTER, DECEASED, MT. PROSPECT AVENUE.

NElfAKk-, y. /, ILLUSTRATED.

1 hV^ J«!^

"^ Wk \% 111,, ,jjii ,ii

VIEW <)\ MARKET STREET, KOOKING WEST FRoM HROAIJ STREET.

the bulk of this was secured to creditors in the real estate by Mr. Lister's endorsements. This blow served to unsettle the mind of
Mr. Lister, who, accompanied by his physician on a trip South by a coasting steamer. lost his life in the waters near the island of
Cuba. His remains were brought to New York, and taken to the family plot in Tarrj'town Cemetery, X. Y., by his Masonic lodge.
A handsome monument, erected to the memor\- of this excellent man, now bears his name aloft in the beautiful grounds where he is
buried. Mr. Alfred Lister was a man of great heart and sterling worth, was a man in the fullest sense of the word, strictly regarding
integrity. He was well-read, having a most complete library of scientific works. Alfred Lister was, indeed, a student, and much
of his success in his earlier years can be attributed to his studious habits
and scientific attainments.

JOHN B THORN, DECEASED.

THE photo herewith given represents the late John B. Thorn, who was
well and favorably known to the citizens of Newark, and especially
to the members of the city's fire department, for whose honor he labored
zealously during more than half a centurj-. He was honored with every
position in the department, but that of chief, and discharged the duties of
the numerous stations with credit to himself and the good name of the
Newark fire department. His shapeless and almost lifeless body was
gently carried from the ruins of a fire at the Rubber works, one beautiful
spring morning in 1857. At that time it was thought he would never return
to duty, as he lingered between life and death for several days and nights,
but he finally survived, although he remained a cripple with impaired
health for the remainder of his life. A notable incident in this great, hon-
est and fearless fire laddie is worthy of mention. Shortly after his return
to duty he was elected by his fellow citizens to represent them in the Com-
mon Council, and upon learning that he could not hold two offices, he
promptly resigned the aldermanship, with the remark. " I would rather be
a fireman, than Governor of the State." Such a man needs no sermon, no
monument, no lengthy obituarj-, his name and the meraorj' of his noble
deeds will forever remain as a beacon light in the brave hearts of the
gallant fire laddies of the city.

V V f

JOHN B. THOKN, DECEASED.

274

A'EIVARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

NEWARK KOR HOMES.

ENOUGH has been already
recorded in the preced-
ing pages of this beautiful,
and what we trust, will make
it equally an entertaining book,
j'et we cannot consider the task
complete until a few words
shall be said as to what are the
advantages Newark has to hold
out as inducements for strang-
ers to come and dwell within
the city limits, or choose a domi-
cil close by in some of her
environments. As any one can
see, from a glance at the beau-
tiful pictures adorning almost
every page, that in carrying
out the design of the work, both
the illustrations andletter press,
are almost entirely confined to
the manufacturing interests
concentrated withm her bounds.
The fact, that within the cor-
poration limits of the cosmo-
politan city of Newark, there
are at least two hundred thous-
and souls, is enough in itself to
prove its elegibility for resi-
dences and that it must be a

pretty good sort of a place to live in. While in refutation it may be answered in the language of the old axiom, " where there's so
much smoke there must be some fire," that is to say where there is such a multitudinous number and variety of industries carried on
and so many manufacturing establishments conducted, there must necessarily be very many opperators engaged and many mechanics
employed, and where they are, there their families most assuredly be. It is an old saying and a very true one, that "industry
breeds contentment," and contentment brings in return happiness, and happiness finds its richest culmination in the home and at the
fireside of the mechanic and skilled workman. It may as well be added just here, that within the immediate vicinity of the cit}-, in
the suburbs proper, there are nearly a hundred thousand more people, all of whom are within the field of that influence mentioned,
and sensitive to the same causes, so that which would thrill in one, will send a throb to the other. Long before the thought of her
ever becoming the " Birmingham of America," had entered into the brain of any anticipator of such bright fortunes in store for

'Newark, her]^ delights as a place of residence had gone abroad on the peace-
ful wings of many a bird of promise.

' One of the first things Newark has offered to strangers seeking a place
of settlement for their families, is readily seen and delightfully presented

RESIDENCE OF GEORGE k. OHL.

KEslDE.N'CE ul CllAKLEa NulJS.

KLrlL'l NlE "1 klCH.^RD E. COGAN, CLINKjX AVENUE.

NF.lfARK, X. /., ILLUSTRATED.

-'75

in her almost incomparably beauty of location. Approach New-
ark from whatever way you will, only be the place from whence
a view is first opened at such an elevation that the perspective
can be so taken, that there can be a full realization of all those
beautiful valleys, hills and elevations, which so charmed to their
staying our early relations, as they rowed up the beautiful Pas-
saic, amid bowers of sweet and scented cedars, lining its banks
and covering the meadows, and the stately oaks, the hickorys,
and chestnuts, and beeches, with sugar and bird's eye maples on
the hills, where they tented before the woodman's axe had felled
them, and the carpenters and masons, architects and builders,
had changed all into homes and the painters had painted their
houses. Then, as the eye first catches the vision of beauty,
always presenting like a diamond in its setting, and ever present-
ing so many lines and so many angles of reflection that the site
is beautiful and satisfying. No stranger ever came up the

the city, geographically or commercially speaking, is at the point
of their intersection. On either side of these thoroughfares are
located the larger part of the public buildings and commercial
houses, although extensive merchantile establishments and other
large business houses may be found on many streets, crossing,
intersecting or diverging ; instance, Springfield avenue has many
large stores and business places and leads directly to Caledonian
Park, with its immense hall of festivals ; Belmont avenue, with
Saenger Hall ; South Orange avenue, leading away westward to
the power house of the swift electrics, of the Newark and South
Orange Avenue Railroad Company's cars, which fly over its sur-
face to Vailsburg, so named in honor of Dr. Vail, the editor, and
where he grows his famous " King of the North " strawberries,
and to South Orange. Washington street, crossing Market street,
near the Court House, and near by on its westerly side is Jacots'
Theatre, while a little father South is located Stetson's Grand

=.-JC-w

VIEW ON KRO.VD STREET, LOOKING NORTH FROM M.VRKET .STRICICT.

beautiful Passaic by row boat, raft, tug or steamer, without
having the pleasantest of sensations, and, as thousands have
before landing, decided to make Newark their home, just from
the beautiful sighting, with outwaiting to survey her broad and
beautiful streets, or the many public resorts or business places so
inviting. By rail they can come from almost any direction,
north, south, east, west, or any other point of the compass and
to any of the handsome depots. To every part of the city and its
environs, ply every few minutes, cars, the majority of which are
handsome and comfortable and propelled by electricity. It is no
venture to make the assertion that few cities have a more perfect
system of communication, or which are better managed and con-
ducted. For the small sum of five cents a ride can be had over
nearly the entire system, so generous are the transfers made use
of. The major part of the streets are wide and regular with
shade trees in abundance.

Jlarket and Broad are the main arteries, and the main centre of

Opera House, where was held, and in the large building adjoin-
ing, the industrial exhibition of 1S72. On this street runs the
Rapid Transit electric cars. While there are many other streets
of importance, space will not permit their particular mention.
On Market street, easterly, are a large number of the newspaper
offices. Miner's Theatre and the Pennsylvania railroad depot.
On Market street, westerly, are several newspaper offices, German
and English, as well as many handsome stores and other business
places. Southerly on Broad and on its westerly side is located
the " Clothing row," and great ready made clothing and merchant
tailoring establishments, which have made Newark famous the
world over, for the elegance and stylishness of her clothing and
the marvelous excellence of their quality.

A few hundred feet southerly, at the intersection of William
street is found the City Hall, where His Honor the Mayor pre-
sides, and where the city fathers hold their monthly councils and
legislate for the city. Directly in the rear of the City Hall, is

276

NEWARK, N. J., ILLUSTRATED.

RESIDEN'CE OF ANDREW ALHKIIUIT, HIC.H STREET.

located on William
street, Police Head-
quarters, where Super-
intendent Brown and
Chief of Detectives
Hopper, with their
very excellent and
efficient corps of
officers and poHcemen ,
keep watch and guard
over the city, and
answer for their work
to the Board of Police
Commissioners. Re-
sults plainly show,
and the peace and the
quiet of the city prove,
that we have wonder-
fully efficient guard-
ians. On the oppo-
site, but a little to the
north debauches the
Central Railroad,
depositing its passen-
gers and freight right
in the heart of the
city. Nearly oppo-
site are the fire laddies
houses, with fires
ready lit in their
steamers to be off and

away at the tap of the bell. A little to the north, where this great boulevard, with a width, for full three miles, of a hundred and
twenty feet, and paved throughout with elegant blocks of granite, as it is crossed by Market street, which is the centre of the city,
and on the westerly side is seen the Prudential Insurance building towering away heavenward to nearly twenty stories high, and a
little further on Uncle Sam's long delayed post office. Just over the way is the people's main stay for their tables. Centre Market.
Just there lies spread out in broad acres, tree crowned and grass verdured, the Military Park of the fathers. Here beneath the
fragrant shade of the friendly old elms and lovely maples, gather the children in the hot summer days to roUic and run and to skip
and play, while the statue of the heroic Phil Kearney looks down approvingly from its foundation of brown stone from the hill side
quarries near by. A little to the north is Washington Park, which enjoys the honor of holding the statue erected in memory of the
genius, inventor and finished mechanic, the aproned monarch, Seth Boj'den. About a mile to the south is another of those health
storing enclosures and breathing places of the people, called Lincoln Park, so named in honor of the Martyred President

Abraham Lincoln. All around the parks have our
citizens erected their domicils. Just below Lincoln
Park, and where Broad street's continuation, Clinton
avenue, leads on through scenes of beauty to Irving-
ton and Hilton, the latter made famous as the place
where .Seth Boyden cultivated the luscious Seedling
strawberries, we now looked through the beautiful High
street with its interlocking trees.

We might dwell on the rich gardens of the "Neck,"
and other surrounding regions, and take a ride on the
swift electric cars out among the environments and
along the ever beautiful Orange Mountains and amid
the aesthetic Oranges and climb to Eagle Rock for a
few moments to revel amid the landscape scenes
more beautiful than anything this side the old Rooky's.
But we haven't the space to say more, than a word as to
the Pequannock mountain spring water running free
through the city, bringing cleanliness and healthfulness
to all who will claim it ; of the grandeur of its public
schools with education freer than water, with teachers
deep learned, always ready to present it ; of the beauti-
ful churches and eloquent preachers, freely dispensing
the word of the Lord. As we close this brief rehearsal
of incentives held out by the city of Newark, and its
environments that strangers can come and build homes
with a promise of comfort, health and longevity, it does
not require the eye of a prophet to see built upon the
soil of Essex county the great city of the future.

RESIDENXE Ol- AUA.M

:>>'L IH ORANGE AVENUE ANO UKUl.E hlKEEi.

N£ll-ARA\ N. J. ILLUSTRATED.

277

PAST MAYORS OF NEWARK.

O HISTORY can be more truthful or beautiful
than that which shines forth from the face
or faces of, or is found pinned upon the
sleeves of those men who have stood at the
helm at the head of the governmental
affairs of a great city. That the readers of
Newark, N. J., Illtstrated may have the
benefit of the results flowing from such a
source, and that they may have every oppor-
tunity of studying this source of historical truth,
we have transferred to these pages correct and
speaking photographic likenesses of all the mayors that Newark
has had since she became an incorporated city. The sturdy
yeomanry of the young town had her foundations laid deep in the
rich soil where virtue predominates, and cemented the walls of
her superstructure in truth and honor. From the beginning
Newark had the blessings of a citizenship, the mass of whom
worshipped at the shrine of the golden rule, and the majority were
.students of the beatitudes. When the town had grown to man's
estate, and the good judgment of her citizens realized the neces-
sity of a stronger and better government, and they had decided
to have an act of incorporation and a city government established,
it was no hard task to find among her citizenship a man eminently
qualified to take the helm of the young city, and stand at the
head of her municipal affairs.

The choice finally fell to the lot of Honorable William Halsey,
who had come down to Newark from the historic region of Short
Hills, where he was born in March, 1770, to make his fortune as
other honorable members of the family came from about Spring-
field, near by, where the old church still stands, from the pews of
which the heroic Pastor Caldwell gathered the hymn books for
the patriots to use for wadding in firing the shots to beat back
Britain's hosts and sounding the tocsin of liberty to the world.
William Halsey was elected mayor in April, 1S36, and filled the
office acceptably for one year.

The second man chosen for mayor by the people bears a name
honored everywhere, Theodore Frelinghuysen. His election to
the mayorality occurred in the spring of 1837. He too had came
up from the country and settled in Newark, earning fame and
fortune. This great and good man will be best remembered as
the Whig candidate for vice-president of the United States, on
the ticket with the illustrious Henry Clay. He served two terms.

Major General Miller took up the baton of the mayorality when
Theodore Frelinghuysen laid it down, this was in 1839, and he
was also elected in i.'^4S. Gen. Miller was born in New York
City. He died in 1S56, leaving a name honored and respected.

The next and fourth in the mayorality succession, was Oliver
H. Halstead, a scholarly gentleman, who afterward was honored
as chancellor of the State of New Jersey. Ex-Mayor Halsted
was elected in 1S40, and served one term. He was a Jerseyman,
his birth place being Elizabeth.

Next in the line came William Wright, who was elected to the
office and became mayor of Newark in 1S41, the fifth in the line
of the mayorality succession, Mr. Wright served three terms, being
re-elected in 1842 and 1843. He was made governor of his adopted
State and represented New Jersey in the United States senate.

The sixth Mayor of Newark in the person of Stephen Dodd,
was elected in 1S44, and served one year. Stephen Dodd was
born at Mendham, March 7, 1770, and lived to the ripe old age
of S5, and passing away on the 25th of March, 1S55.

Next came Col. Isaac Baldwin, who was elected the seventh
mayor, in 1845, and served one term. He was born in 17S0, and
died in 1S53.

Now came a man who left the impress or his genius on all he

touched. He was the eighth mayor of the city in the line of
succession. Was a Newarker by birth, born in iSoS, and was
elected mayor of his native city, in 1S46, and died in 18S4. Beach
Vanderpool was honored and respected by all who knew him.

James M. Ouimby, who was a representative carriage and
coach manufacturer, was the ninth in succession of the mayor-
ality. Mr. yuimby was born in Orange, in 1804, was elected
mayor 1851, and died in 1874. He served three terms.

Next in order comes the name of Horace J. Poinier. He was
born in Newark in 1810, was elected as the tenth mayor in 1854,
and served three terms. Mr. Poinier is still going in and out
among the people beloved by all.

For seven years Moses Bigelow served the people of Newark
as mayor, being the eleventh in succession. He was first elected
in 1857, ^rid died in 1877. Moses Bigelow was a manufacturer,
and carried on the varnish business for many years.

The twelfth in the line of succession of the raaj-orality, is Major
General Theodore Runyon, who was elected in 1874, and served
one term of two years. General Runyon was born in 1822, is a
lawyer by profession and was chancellor of his native State for
fourteen years. Gen. Runyon commanded a division in which
was included the New Jersey Brigade at the first battle of Bull
Run in the beginning of the war. The general is still actively
engaged in practising his profession.

Thomas B. Peddie, Newark's thirteenth ma3'or was an exten-
sive manufacturer, and while alive conducted the immense trunk
industry at Market and Halsey streets. He w-as elected mayor
in 1865, and served two terms. He was born in Edinboro, Scot-
land. Mayor Peddie was active in politics and became a mem-
ber of the State legislature and also of the congress of the United
States. Mr. Peddie contributed liberally of his large fortune to
the support of the Baptist Church and its schools while he lived,
and when he died endowed the Memorial Church, which bears his
name, also the Peddie Institute named in his honor at Hightstown.

Newark city did herself a lasting honor by electing Frederick
W. Ricord mayor in iS6y, and duplicated the same by his re-elec-
tion, 1S71. He was the fourteenth of the line in the mayorality
succession. He was sheriff of Essex county and lay judge of the
court. He is at present librarian of the State Historical Society.

Nehemiah Perry was elected m 1S73, being the fifteenth of her
mayors. He served one term of two years. He also represented
his district in congress, and was interested in manvifactures.

The sixteenth of the mayors of the citj- of Newark was Henry
J. Yates, a large and successful hat manufacturer. He was
elected in 1S75, and served two terms, four years. Ex-Mayor
Yates is yet actively engaged in business.

William H. F. Fiedler was elected to the mayorality in 1879,
and served one term. He was the seventeenth in the line. Mr.
Fiedler represented his district in the State legislature and Essex
county in the Congress of the United States, and was postmaster
during President Cleveland's first term.

Henry Lang, the eighteenth of Newark's mayors, was born in
Scotland, 1829, and was elected mayor in 18S1. He served one
term of two years and retired. He is largely interested in the
tanning industry. Henry Lang beside being mayor, filled the
office of alderman most acceptably for several years.

The nineteenth mayor of Newark and present incumbent,
Joseph E. Haynes, was elected in 1S83, and has been re-elecled
four times by majorities which demonstate his popularity and the
stronghold he has upon the confidence and affections of the
people. Before his elevation to the mayorality, Joseph E. Haynes
was principal of the Thirteenth Ward Public School, and had so
popularized himself with his pupils that they parted with him
with great reluctance.

NEWARK, X. /,, ILLUSTRATED.

279

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2 So

iVEJl'ARf:, N. /., ILLUSTRATED

'HE memory of few among
the many of Newark's citi-
zens, who acted well their parts
in the upbuilding of its material
greatness and have crossed the
dark river and gone to their
reward, will be more lastingly
eherished, or will be kept
brighter by the oft recurring
thoughts to his life work, than
that of Albert M. Holbrook,
who was the author of the
useful and valuable map of
the city, shown on this page.
(The circles are % mile apart).
The privilege of using this
excellent distance map in this
work was cheerfully granted to
the compiler by Mr. Holbrook
a short time prior to his sud-
den decease, for which he is sincerelv grateful, trusting that wise benefits to the examiner and reader will flow back while
referring to it for locations, distances and occurrings. For more than a quarter of a century this man of genius and ever persevering,
wrought out year by year a directory for the city. He was one of the few who saw through the mists of the future, looming up m its
coming, the industrial greatness of Newark. ^ ■ t „^a

Historv tells us that this great industrial centre, where the princely man had planted his home-tree had earlier been chiistenea
the " Birm'inghara of America," but its full culmination and sure realization came not until Albert M. Holbrook conceived the grand
idea which bore rich fruit in the Industrial Exhibition of 1872. With an utter abnegation of self, and knowing no such word as
fail he called other spirits, with equal ardor to his assistance, and together they pushed on the work to its brilliant success
When the great exhibition had closed its doors, to keep the fires that he had lit burning brightly, he fixed his hope on the Board of
Trade. He loved this institution dearly, not for reasons which were selfish, but because of the good it was constantly evolving,
" Present 1 " was the response from his lips at all of its meetings. 1 1 • ■

With this brief tribute to Albert M. Holbrook, who gave encouragement to the compiler of this work in the beginning.

New.\rk, N. J., lLLrs-n;.\TED reaches the end.

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