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Full text of "Newburgh; her institutions, industries and leading citizens, historical, descriptive and biographical"

M.L. 

74.702 

i35n 

214135 



GENEALOGY COLUECTION 



ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 



lillllilll oi 
3 1833 01150 3239 



after 



PLEASE CHECK MATERIAL IN 
BACK POCKET 



NEWBURQH: 

Her Institutions, Industries and 
Leading Citizens. 

A Beautiful Volume— Just Published. g'4xi2 inches. 336 Pages 514 
Illustrations (nearly all of which are Phototypes— sptfcimens of the highest 
skill attained in this branch of the printer's art). Printed on coated, or 
enameled, paper. The book also contains a " Personal Index" of over 
3,400 people mentioned in the volume, so that any one can see at a 
glance whether he or his friends are named therein. 

The Mniiy AdTantaKes aud Attractions of this Beautiful City for Residence 
or Place of Business are Fully Illustrated and Described. 

Bf Mail. 

FULL MOROCCO, GILT EDGES, - $5.00 J5-32 

CLOTH BINDING, - - - - 300 3-3o 

PAPER BINDING, ... i.oo 1.25 

Morocco and Cloth-bound Books can be sent to nearb.v points by express cheaper than by mail. 

Published by RITCHIE & HULL, 

Proprietors Journal Printing House and Book-Bindery, 




NEWBURGHa 



'i^ 



"t\AX^ \XoA)k 



Her 



_^ HISTORICAL, DESCRIPTIVE AND BIOGRAPHICAL. D^^ 



'Remember, we know well only the great nations whose books we possess: of the others we know nothing, or, but little.' 



COMPILED BY JOHN J. XUTT. 



NEWBURGH, N. Y. 

PuWished by RitGl]le & Hull, Proprietors Newbiirgl] Journal 



^-£18912^-^ 



PUBLISHERS' NOTICE 




X this book an earnest and candid effort has been made, first, to review the salient points 
in the history of our city ; second, to record her remarkable advancement in the decade 
just past ; and, finally and especially, to picture and describe truthfully and adequately the 
Newburgh of the present time — her appearance, her institutions, her industries, and 
her citizens — so as to give, not only a fair representation of her to our contemporaries, 
but also to leave to those who will ere long fill our places a souvenir of the time and the place 
in which we live. 

As was said in our prospectus, it is one of the objects of this work to attract to Newburgh in- 
creased population and wealth. Immigration is the touchstone of the growth and prosperity of a city. 
Hence we see the attention given it by cities and States in the West ; and it is everywhere observable 
that the localities which have shown the greatest enterprise in this direction have almost without ex- 
ception surpassed other places of equal or even greater natural advantages. . That Newburgh possesses 
adaptability for manufactures unexcelled by any other city in the eastern States, and that she has 
many great advantages for commerce and as a place of residence, is conceded by all who have fairh- 
weighed her claims with those of other cities. But the fact that she has these qualifications is not 
alone sufficient. They must be made known abroad, so that those in less-favored places may be led 
to transfer their interest and business to our city. We believe that the wide circulation of a book such 
as this is the best method which can be chosen to disseminate a knowledge of Newburgh. A work 
devoted to the advancement of a city, if possessed of any merit at all, cannot fail to prove of great 
benefit to the place. 

We know of no city in the land for which a work of this character has been completed on a plan 
so large and elaborate. The co-operation which we have received from our fellow townsmen ex- 
ceeded our expectations, and on our part we have more than fulfilled every promise made in the pros- 
pectus. We have spared nothing to make the book what it ought to be — what it is. 

Great care has been taken in its preparation to confine all statements within conservative bounds. 
It is quite impossible to bring a book like this down to date. Some changes have occurred since 
the sheets were put to press. 

The publishers desire to express their thanks to the public-spirited citizens who co-operated with 
them in this work. Without their help the enterprise could not have been carried out. 

The historical information has been gleaned by the compiler from many sources. Every volume 
known to contain anything in relation to Newburgh has been examined, and the files of newspapers 
from the earliest times have been consulted. Acknowledgments are made particularly to tlic writ- 
ings of Ruttenber, and also to those of Eager, Boynton, and Headley. And to all those who have 
aided the compiler to information, or in any other friendly way have helped us, we desire to make 
grateful recognition. 



RITCHIE & HULL. 



■ 



CONTENTS 



PAGE. 

A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE PAST— The Palatines— The Story of the Glebe— Early Inhabitants— Building a City - - 17 

HEADQUARTERS OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE CONTINENTAL ARMY— The Last Cantonment— Washing- 
ton at New Windsor — The Public Building — No King But God— Mutiny Quelled — The Cincinnati — Dissolution of the Army 29 

CENTENNIAL CELEBRATIONS— Revolutionary Events Commemorated at Newburgh and Neighboring Towns - - - 43 

LOCATION AND SURROUNDINGS— Advantages of Newburgh's Situation— Highland Terrace— Contributing District and 

Neighboring Villages — Beautiful Drives — Nature's Handiwork — Historical Associations and Legends ----- 49 

A VISIT FROM LA FAYETTE - - - - 55 

A REMINISCENCE OF VILLAGE DAYS. (By N. P. Willis) - - 57 

STEPPING-STONES IN A CITY'S GROWTH— Newburgh's Progress in Ten Years - - 59 

THE CITY OF NEWBURGH— Characteristics and Advantages -------- 71 

THE CITY WATER WORKS --------- 83 

HEALTH .-----..------ 85 

THE POLICE DEPARTMENT ----------- -^ 0-4 (i -j "O CT - - - - - Qi 

THE FIRE DEPARTMENT - - - . _ - _ 93 

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS— The Public Schools— The Free Library— The Board of Education— Mount St. Mary's Acade- 
my — Siglar's Preparatory School - ----99 

OUR CHURCHES AND PASTORS -------- 117 

BENEVOLENCE— Institutions Which Care for the Bodies, Minds and Souls of the People -------- 151 

BENCH AND BAR— The Courts and Those Who Practice Before Them - - 157 

FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ------- - - 167 

THE PRESS— Newspapers and Newspaper Men of the Past and Present ------------ 177 

THE POST OFFICE - - - - . . - - 1S5 

REAL ESTATE - 1S7 

THE BOARD OF TRADE— An Organization for the Pubhc Good— Men of Brains and Business— The Work They Have Achieved 

for the Advancement of Newburgh ------------ 1S9 

SOME OF OUR TOWNSMEN - -.--.----.--- 193 

TRANSPORTATION— The Commercial Arteries of the City— Railroad and Navigation Facilities ------- 221 

MANUFACTURING— The Leading Productive Industries of Newburgh Illustrated and Described, and the Men Who Manage 

Them - - - 235 

MERCANTILE— And Other Business Interests of the City of Newburgh 2S6 

IN LEISURE HOLERS— Newburgh's Record in Out-Door Athletics— Rowing, Skating, Yachting and Base Ball - - - 322 

SOCIAL LIFE— Clubs, Societies and Other Pleasant Attractions - - 330 

CEMETERIES - ------ 333 

SOME INTERESTING FIGURES - - - - ----------- 334 

MEMORABLE EVENTS IN THE CITY'S LIFE - - - - - 335 



^£ ILLUSTRATIONS %^ 



PAGE. 

Academy' of Music 6S 

Adams & Bishop Co.'s Paper Mill 2S5 

Adams, George B 303 

Adams, George B. , Store of 304 

Adams, Hon. John C 283 

African M. E. Zion Church 12S 

" Aldendell " — The Residence of James 

M. Wentz, Grand Avenue 54 

Allan, Charles F., D. D. S., Residence 

of 190 

American Reformed Church 131 

Andrews, John P 69 

An Old Landmark— On First Street, 

between Grand and Liberty S2i 

Applegate, Rev. Octavius, M. A., S.T.D. 127 
Arlington Paper Jlill, (H. Powell Rams- 
dell's) 261 

Armory, (The) 332 

" Arno, (The) " 18S 

Balfe, Thomas F 175 

Balm of Gilead Tree, (The) 50 

Banks, Hugh S 113 

Barnes, Edgar C 293 

Barnes, Edgar C, Warehouse of 293 

Barnes, George, Store of 318 

Barr, Rev. Robert H., Ph. D 122 

Bay View Terrace and Courtney Avenue 

— Southwest corner of 64 

Bazzoni, Building 269 

Bazzoni, Lewis J 265 

Beacon Fire (A) 39 

Beattie, Rev. Robert H 132 

Beckman, Horatio B 264 

Bedell & Seymour's Store 317 

Beggs, George 296 

Beggs & Moore's Store 296 

Belknap, Moses C 168 

Belknap & McCann's Soap Factory. . . . 269 

Bethel Mission School 119 

Beveridge Brewing Co.'s Brewery 262 

Bigler, James 200 

Bogardus, Edward T 301 

Boynton, Major Edward C, A. M 191 

Bradley, Capt. Ambrose 205 

Bradley, Capt. Ambrose, Residence of. 205 

Brewster, Eugene A 161 

Brewster Hook and Ladder Co., House of 92 

Bridgeman, Alfred, Residence of 192 

Brill, Jacob S 292 

Broadway — Looking East from Dubois 

Street 58 

Brokaw Mfg. Co.'s Factory 263 

Brokaw, AVilliam B 264 

Brown, Henry Kirke 194 

Brown, Rev. John, D. D 116 

Brown, Hon. John AV 15S 

Brown Lime Works, (The) 2S5 

Brown, William R 1S6 

Brundage, J. B. B 292 

Bull, Stephen M 29S 

Bull, Stephen M. , Storehouse of 299 

Bull, Stephen M., Storehouse of (In- 
terior) 298 

Bullis, Ephraim 212 

Burke, William F 301 

Caldwell, Ira, Store of 318 

Calvary PreslDyterian Church & Manse. 141 

Cameron, Daniel G 219 

Campground, (The) 33 

Cantine, Col. George A 216 

Carlisle, Rev. John W. F 123 

Carlisle. Rev. Samuel 123 

Carroll Monument, (The) 309 

Carter, Enoch ig8 

Carter, Henry 313 

Carter, Henry, Conservatories and Resi- 
dence of 313 



PAGE. 

Cassedy, Hon. Abram S 163 

Cassedy, William F 166 

Chadborn & Coldwell Mfg. Co.'s Factory 239 

Chadwick, James 250 

Chadwick, James, Residence of 250 

Chadwick, Joseph 250 

Chadwick, Joseph, Residence of 251 

Chambers, Albert N 246 

Chambers, William 83 

Chapman Hose Co. , House of 92 

Chapman, Isaac C 305 

Chapman, Isaac C Residence of 305 

Chapman, Isaac C. , Store of 305 

Chapman, Joseph H. H 98 

Children's Home 155 

Church of our Father — Unitarian 146 

Church of the Good Shepherd — Protes- 
tant Episcopal 1 50 

Clark, Edson H 202 

Clark, Hon. George 78 

Clark, George H 165 

Clark, Leander 207 

Clark, Leander, Jr 202 

Clark, Leander, Jr., Residence of 203 

Clark, Monument, (The) 333 

Clarke, E. Y iii 

Class of '91 — Newburgh Academy — 

With Instructors loi 

Cleveland, O. M 260 

Clinton, Gov. George 48 

Cochran, Isaac, Residence of 70 

Cochrane, James So 

Coldwell, Thomas 267 

Columbian Hose Co., House of 92 

Consumers Gas Company, Works of . . . 282 

Corwin, John 212 

Court House, (The) 157 

Crane, James M., A. M no 

Crawford, C. Emmet 307 

Crawshaw, Mark 254 

Crawshaw, Samuel 254 

Cubit, James C 292 

Culbert, W. A. M., M. D 87 

Cunningham, James 98 

Dales Building, (The) 303 

Dales, John 303 

Delany, Patrick 249 

Denniston, Hon. Augustus 211 

Deyo, Nathaniel, M. D 87 

Dickey, Col. William D 162 

Dickey, Col. William D., Residence of. 162 

Donoghue, James A 323 

Donoghue, Joseph F 323 

Donoghue, Timothy, Sr 326 

Doughty, Charles H 204 

Doughty, John W 112 

Downing, Andrew J 196 

Downing, Charles 196 

Doyle, Hon. Michael 77 

Dubois Street — Looking South from 

First Street 26 

Dudley, Henry 197 

Dudley, Henry, Residence of 197 

Duncan, H. C, Bakery and Restaurant 

of 316 

Dunphv, James G 1S3 

Eager,'Frank S., Store of 316 

Edgar, Grant E 302 

Edgar, Grant E., Store of 302 

Egan, J., Milk and Cream Depot of 319 

"Elf wood" — Residence of Hon. Enoch 

L. Fancher 196 

Elevator Project, (An) — Near the Foot 

of Washington Street 226, 229 

Ely, Smith, M. D 89 

Emerv, Rev. Rufus 144 

" Erie' Railroad Yard," (The) 223 



PAGE 

Estabrook, Charles 112 

Fancher, Hon. Enoch L 195 

Ferry & Napier's Hat Factory 285 

Findley, Rev. J. G. D 143 

Findley, Rev. J. G. D., Residence of.. . 142 
Fire Department of Ye Olden Time, (A) 94 

First Associate Reformed Church 121 

First Baptist Church 130 

First Baptist Church Mission '. 130 

First Congregational Church 64 

First Presbyterian Church 117 

First Reformed Presbyterian Church. . . 105 

First United Presbyterian Church 142 

Fishkill Landing and Ferry Appoint- 
ments, 233 

Forsyth, Rev. John, D. D ; . . . 116 

Fowler, Nehemiah 163 

Fowler, Thomas Powell 234 

Free Library, (The) 105 

Gait, John 204 

Gait, John, Residence of 205 

Gate of the Highlands, (The) 20 

Gearn, Walter W 267 

German Evangelical Lutheran Church. 14S 

Gerard House, (The) 302 

Gibb, Cornelius S 79 

Gleason, W. S., M. D 220 

Goodale, James H 217 

Goodrich, Charles T 216 

Gordon, James. M. D 89 

Gorrie, R. H. , Store of 320 

Gould)^ Francis, Residence of 192 

Grace M. E. Church 145 

Graham, Hon. James G 160 

Graham, James G., Jr 331 

Grammar School No. 1 102 

Grammar School No. 2 102 

Grammar School No. 3 103 

Grammar School No. 5 103 

Grammar School No. 6 104 

Grand Avenue 49 

Grand Street — Looking South from 

Third Street 27 

Granite Citv Soap Co.'s Factorv 281 

Hall, Rev. William K., D. D..^ 120 

Halstead, Charles H 218 

Hamilton, James 212 

Harper, J. Abner, Residence of — New 

Windsor 55 

Harrison, William 107 

Harrison, WilHam R 301 

Hastings, James loS 

Hathaway Glen 50 

Havemeyer, A. H., Residence of — New 

Windsor 56 

Havt, Col. Edward D 219 

Headley, Hon. Joel T 193 

Henry Avenue — Between Liberty Street 

and Bay View Terrace ' 64 

Henry, Rev. John C 147 

Highland Mills — Front View, (Craw- 

shaws') 253 

Highland Mills — Rear View, (Craw- 

shaws') 253 

Highland National Bank 168 

Highland Steamer Co., House of 96 

Highlands, (The) — Looking North from 

West Point 21 

Highlands, (The) — From Near Downing 

Park 25 

Hilton, John 201 

Hilton, John, Residence of ... 201 

Hilton, William 200 

Hirschberg, Hon. M. H 164 

Hirschberg, Hon. M. H., Residence of . 164 

Home for the Friendless 154 

Howell, Rensselaer 115 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Hull, Frank S 182 

HuU, Frank S., Residence of 183 

Hunter, Ezra 1 203 

" Idlewild " — The Home of Willis — 

Cornwall 57 

Irwin, Daniel 2S4 

Irwin, Daniel, Sail Loft and Store of . . . 2S4 

Jack, Rev. Alexander 137 

Jacobs, Gilbert E 217 

Jacobus, Charles C 292 

Jenkins, Charles S 17-I. 

Jenkins, Charles S., Residence of 175 

John Ellison House, (The) — Front View 

from the Old Road 31 

Johnes, Mrs. E. R., Residence of — 

Balraville 56 

Johnston, Beverty K 20S 

Johnston, Rev. John, D. D 116 

Jones, Rev. Arthur 130 

Journal Building, (The) 180 

June, Charles F 327 

Kelly, William H iii 

Kerr, George W 172 

Kilmer Mfg. Co.'s Rod Mill and Wire 

Works 252 

Kimball, Samuel G 266 

Kimball's Son, S. G., Foundry of 266 

Kimball, William G 266 

King, Rev. James B 1 50 

Kingston, R. J., M. D., Residence of.. . 90 
Lander Street — Looking South from 

South Street 82 

Lawson, Henry B 80 

Lawson Hose Co., House of 82 

Leech, William K 292 

Leonard, Chancey M 98 

Leonard, C. M. Steamer Co., House of. 95 

Leonard, James J 301 

Leslie, S. J., Store of 318 

Liberty Street and Courtney Avenue — 

Northwest Corner of 64 

Liberty Street and Henry Avenue — 

Northwest Corner of 64 

Liberty Street — Looking North from 

Farrington Street 62 

Liberty Street — Looking South from 

Campbell Street 67 

Liberty Street — Looking South from 

Farrington Street 59 

Liberty Street — Looking South from 

Renwick Street 64 

Links of the Fort Montgomery Chain. . 31 

Logan, James J 288 

Logan, James J., Residence of 288 

Longacre, Rev. Andrew, D. D 125 

Lynch, Francis, Residence and Barns 

of — New Windsor 53 

McCann, Thomas M 269 

McCarrell, Rev. Joseph, D. D 116 

McCord's Brush Factory 285 

McCartee, Rev. Robert, D. D 135 

McCoun, Henry T 66 

McCroskery, L. W. Y 166 

McCuUough, John W 200 

McMeekin, William 219 

Mabie, Jeremiah D 209 

Macdonald, Benj. J 283 

Mailler, William K 293 

Mailler, W. O. & Co., Storehouse of 294 

Malone, J. D., M. D 89 

Manual Training School 104 

Manz, Rev. Carl C 149 

Map of the Cantonment, and Vicinity. . 32 

Mapes, William H 309 

Martin, Cyrus B 181 

Martin, John H 217 

Marvel, Thomas S 247 

Marvel, T. S. & Co.'s Shipyard 248 

Marvin, Albert D 292 

Masonic Hall 330 

Matthews, Elmer E 292 

Matthews, John W 289 

Matthews, J. W. & Co.'s Storehouse ... 289 
Matthews, J. W. & Co.'s Storehouse- 
Interior Views 290, 291 

Merritt, Theodore 307 



PAGE. 

Merritt, Theodore, Residence of 307 

Merritt, Theodore, Store of 30S 

Meyer, Arthur M 314 

Meyer, Rev. Emil F. C. A 149 

Meyer, George S 314 

Miller, J. Blackburn 214 

Miller, James W 306 

Miller, James W., Store of 306 

Mills, S. C. Residence of 191 

Mitchell, George R., Store of 320 

Mitchell, John J., M. D 88 

Moffat, Almet S 179 

Montfort, R. V. K.,M. D no 

Montgomery, James B 301 

Montgomery Street — "Hudson Ter- 
race " — Looking South from Broad 

Street 82 

Montgomery Street — Looking North 

from near Clinton Street 156 

Monell, Hon. John J 159 

Moodna, (The) 52 

Moore, Bartholomew B 296 

Morrison, David A 211 

Moscow; Charles E 213 

Moshier, George 209 

Mount St. Mary's Academy 115 

Muchattoes Lake Ice Co.'s Houses 279 

Muir, Munson, Residence of — Balmville 54 

Myers, Rev. H. V. S., D. D 132 

National Bank of Newburgh, (The) .... 171 

Newburgh Academy 100 

Newburgh Bay — Looking North from 

Washington Heights 17 

Newburgh Bleachery 249 

Newburgh City, 1891, Map of, folded in front, 
Newburgh — From Fishkill Landing. . .18, 19 
Newburgh — From the River near Fifth 

Street 23 

Newburgh — From the River opposite 

the Long Dock 224 

Newburgh — From the River near Third 

Street 24 

Newburgh — From the River near South 

Street 22 

Newburgh Moulding and Planing Mill 

— Thomas Shaw's Sons 254 

Newburgh Plaster Works 251 

Newburgh Savings Bank 173 

Newburgh Steam Boiler Works 246 

Newburgh Steam Mills 265 

Newburgh Woolen Mills 285 

New York Furniture Co., Store of 308 

New York, Lake Erie & Western Rail- 
road Depot 221 

Odell, Hon. Benjamin B 280 

Odell, Hon. Benjamin B., Residence of . 2S0 

Odell, Benjamin B., Jr 281 

Odell, Hiram B 281 

Old Academy, (The) 106 

Old Fashioned Hand Engine, (.A.n) 94 

Old Union Church 135 

Old LTnion Church, Interior of 135 

Orange County Fair, Sept., 1SS7 — The 

Site of Washington Heights 163 

Orr, James 278 

Orr, James, Residence of, Balmville . . . 279 

Osbon, Rev. E. S 139 

Osborn, David A 310 

Owen, Samuel J 311 

Owen, Samuel J., Store of 311 

Patton, James 199 

Peck, Elias, M. D 86 

Peck, George, Store of 316 

Peck & Van Dalfsen's Store 312 

Penny, Very Rev. William L., V. F 134 

Pennsylvania Coal Company's Works.. 225 

Plurasted, Charles 301 

Post, Alfred 167 

Post, E. R 297 

Post, E. R. , Residence of 297 

Post, E. R. , Store of 297 

Post, Major James Clarence 206 

Potts, Rev. Arthur 148 

Powers, D. & Sons, Oil Cloth Factory. . 285 
"Pubhc Building, (The)"— Copy from 
the Tarbell Drawings ". 36 



PAGE. 

Quassaick National Bank 179 

Railroad and Water Communication 
with Newburgh, N. Y. (Map of) 240, 241 

Ramsdell, Homer 227 

Rarasdell, Homer, Residence of 230 

Ramsdell, H. Stockbridge, Residence of 231 
Recollections of Old Times — Holding a 

Hydrant Until the Boys Arrive. ... 93 

Remillard, A. B. E 210 

Richardson, Nathan H 203 

Ritchie, Samuel i8i 

Ritchie, Samuel, Residence of 182 

Ringgold Hose Co., House of 92 

Ross's Flour Mills 285 

Rudolph, Henry 81 

Ruttenber, Edward M 184 

Ruttenber, J. W. F 183 

Sanford, George A 152 

Sarvis, James H 91 

Savage, Rev. F. B., D. D 137 

Sa.Kony Woolen Jlills 285 

Sayer, Samuel 301 

Schermerhorn, Wilmer W 301 

Schoonmaker, John, Residence of 295 

Schoonmaker & Weller's Store 294 

Schram, William 184 

Schultz, John L 218 

Seaman, George W., Store of 318 

Searle, Rev. Jeremiah 141 

Senior, Augustus, Store of 312 

Shaw, Charles B 255 

Shaw, E. Kane 256 

Shaw, George W 256 

Shaw, Geo. W., E. Kane and Chas. B., 

Residences of 257 

Sheldon, G. H., Residence of 142 

Shiloh Baptist Church 138 

Shipp, Samuel E 310 

Shuart & Embler's Store 319 

Siglar, Henry W. , A. M 114 

Siglar's Preparatory School 114 

Smith A. C. & Co.'s Building 312 

Smith, Edwin T 81 

Smith, Lewis M 242 

Smith, Lewis M., Residence of 242 

Sneed, Joseph A 108 

Snyder, Charles E., LL. B in 

South End Water Front— Before the 
West Shore Railroad was Built. . . .60-61 

Sprole, Rev. William T., D. D iiS 

St. Luke's Home and Hospital 154 

St. Mary's Roman Cathohc Church. ... 146 
St. George's Protestant Episcopal Church 126 

St. John, Daniel B 174 

St. John, Daniel B., Residence of 174 

St. John's M. E. Church 138 

St. Patrick's Female Academy 133 

St. Patrick's Parochial School'and Insti- 
tute 176 

St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church 

and Deanery 133 

St. Paul's Church as Originally Designed 144 
St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church. 144 

Starting for a Fire 93 

Steamer Newburgh 233 

Sterling, Hon. Robert 78 

Stevens, Halsey R 198 

Stocker, Edward 289 

Storehouse of the Homer Ramsdell 
Transportation Company, & Steam- 
er " Homer Ramsdell" 232 

Straw, Dr. L. S 206 

Straw, Dr. L. S., Residence ot 207 

Sweet, Clayton E 278 

Sweet, Clayton E., Residence of 278 

Sweet, Orr & Co.'s Factory 271-277 

Taggart William G 185 

Taylor, Hon. Grant B 165 

Temple Beth Jacob 143 

Templeton, James F 80 

Theall, William L 207 

Thompson, Rev. DeWitt B 145 

Thompson, Rev. J. R 140 

Thompson, Rt. Rev. Joseph P 129 

Thornton, Hon. Howard 166 

Tole, Rev. Wilham H 220 



LLUSTRATIONS. 



PAGE. 

Tower of Victory 48 

Townseud Building 188 

Traphagen, William D 219 

Trinity JI. E. Church and Parsonage.. . 124 

Tucker, John F 179 

Turner, Shipp & Osborn, Offices of ... . 310 

Union (Presbyterian) Church 136 

XJzal Knapp's Jlonuraent 33 

Vale of Avoca 51 

Valentine, John H 109 

Van Cleft, Joseph 208 

Verplanck House at Fishkill(The), Steu- 
ben's Headquarters 33 

Walsh, E. A., Residence of 190 

Walsh, J. DeWitt 210 

Walsh Paper Mill 285 

Wands, William S 109 

Ward & Logan's Store 286 

Ward, Hon. Peter 287 

Ward, Hon. Peter, Residence of 287 

Waring, Cornelius L 165 

Waring, Daniel S 79 

Washington Baking Powder Co., Fac- 
tory of 315 

Washington's Chair 44 

Washburn, Crosby Co.'s Eastern Store- 
house for Flour at Fishkill (Stephen 

M. Bull, Agent) 300 

Washington, George 28 

Washington's Headquarters — A Boot of 

one of Riedesei's Dragoons at 47 

Washington's Headquarters — A Case of 

Clothing, Books, &c., at 42 

Washington's Headquarters — A Case of 

Indian Relics at 42 

Washington's Headquarters — A Case of 

Indian War Implements at 43 



PAGE. 

Washington's Headquarters — A Case of 

Miscellaneous Relics at 41 

Washington's Headquarters — Diagram 

of First Floor 34 

Washington's Headquarters — From the 

Northwest 30 

Washington's Headquarters — From the 

Southwest 37 

Washington's Headquarters — Room 

With Seven Doors and one Window 34 
Washington's Headquarters — Some In- 
teresting Trophies at 40 

Washington's Headquarters — The Old 

Fireplace 35 

Washington's Headquarters — Thirty- 
two-pound Iron Gun at 41 

Washington's Headquarters — West En- 
trance 35 

Washington Lake 84 

Washington, Martha 38 

Washington's, Martha, Watch 44 

Washington Steamer Co. , House of ... . 96 
Water Street— Looking North from 

" The Square" 58 

Water Street — Looking South from 

Fifth Street 71 

Weed, Jonathan N 170 

Weller, A. Y . , Residence of 295 

Weller, George 210 

Wenzel. George C 268 

Westervelt , John L 107 

Westminster Reformed Presbyterian 

Church 140 

Weston, Wilbur H 214 

West Shore Railroad Depot 222 

Wevgant, Col. Charles H 66 

Wh'itaker, Samuel 315 



PACE 

Whitaker, Samuel, Factory and Resi- 
dence of 315 

Whitehill & Cleveland's Factory 258-260 

Whitehill Engine and Pictet Ice 

Machine Company's Works 235 

Whitehill Engine and Pictet Ice 
Machine Company's Works — Main 

Floor 236 

Whitehill, Robert 237 

Whitehill, Robert, Residence of 238 

Wiggins, L. Y., M. D 88 

Wilkinson, John G., Store of 314 

Willard, Francis A 178 

Williams, Charles E., Residence of .... 189 

Willis, N. P 57 

Wilson, Arthur i6g 

Wilson, Arthur, Residence of 169 

Wilson, Jonathan D 214 

Wilson, Tilden H 213 

Wright Engine Works 245 

Wright, William 243 

Wright, William, Residence of 244 

" Woodburn Hall "—The Christopher B. 

Miller Homestead 215 

Woodlawn Cemetery 333 

Women's Christian Temperance Union 

Free Reading Room 155 

Woolley, Charles N. . M. D 108 

Young Men's Christian Association 

Building 152 

Young Women's Christian Association 

Building 153 

Young Women's Christian Association 

— Fair of, 1890 153 

Young Women's Christian Temperance 

Union Parlor 156 



^.^^*2k^§!^^ 



The Paper in this Book was furnished by the 
HUDSON VALLEY PAPER CO., ALBANY, N. Y. 



■ ^""^+[^^~er 



PERSONAL INDEX.it. 



Abbott, Rev. W. H 

Abbott. Rev. William P.. 
Abrams, Capt. James C. . . 
Abrams. M 



Adams. Bernard T 329 

Adams & Bishop Co 285 

Adams, Ebenezer 1[}1, 328 

Adams, George B 3(B. :»4. as, 918 

Adams, John 141! 

Adams, Hon. John C.43. 47. 74. 75. 70. 1(59. 176. 
181, 185, 189, 191, 3.S2. 2S;5. 3.M. 32S. 329 

Adams, President John 160 

Adams, Rev. John Q 130 

Adee, William 94 

Ajon, Stephen 128 

Akerly, Mary 155 

Albertson, Joseph 22 

Albertson, Richard 19, 22 

Alexander, Duncan 22 

Alexander, James 256 

Alexander, James A 136 

Alexander, Prince of the Netherlands. 327 

Alexander, Rhoda B 256 

Alexander, William 22 

Allan, CharlesF., D. D.S 144, 190 

Allan, Mrs. C. F 154 

AUard, Nahum W 7ti, 84 

Allen, 328 

Allen, Ethan 41 

Allen, Jeremiah 39 

Allen, Rev. Sturges 150 

Allison, Major Richard 45 

Allstroon, Capt. J. V 45 



Alsdorf. Charles B 

Alsdorf, Mrs. D. B 

Alsdorf, Prof. D. B 

Alsdorf, Egbert 

Alsdorf & Skidmore 

Alsdorf, triysses J 

Alsop, John 

Alsop, John, jr 

, Prof 

, Peter 

Amerod, Capt. G. C 

Derrick 

, Capt. James 

Anderson, John 

Anderson, Romer & Co 

Anderson, R. W 

Anderson, S 

Andrews, Frederick 

Andrews, Harriet Bronson . . . 
Andrews, Josephine Jerome . 

Anne, Queen 

Anthony, Walter C IJ 

Applegate, Rev. Octavius, M. . 
44, 126, 137, 149, 150 

Applegate, Mrs. O 

Applegate, Rev. O., Jr 

Applegate, Rev. L. W 

Applegate, Rev. Thomas 

Appleton, Capt. Daniel 

Appleton, Miss E. J 

Armour & Co 

Armstrong Brothers 

Armstrong, Major John 

Armstrong, Rev. Robert, D. D 

Ai-thur, Capt. Edward G 

Ash, Lewis 

Ashley, Stephen B 

AtweU, Mrs. S.V 

Austin, Col. David E 

Austin, Nelson 

Authouse, Frances O 

Avery, G. A 



128 



Ayres, Rev. G. S 

Bacon, Capt. Francis W 

Bailey, Rear Admiral 

Bailey, Dr. Roland 

Baird, John 

Balrd, Rev. James, D. D 

Ball, Henry 

Baldwin, John 

Balfe, Mary A. (Weutz) 

Balfe. Thomas F 

Bancroft. Robert C 

Banks, Fred W 

Banks, Hugh S 76, 105, ! 

Banks, Rosllia H. (Bailey)... 

Barr, Rev. R. H., Ph. D 

Barry, Michael 

Barker, Fordyce, M. D 

Baker, Hon. O. D. M 

Baker, William 

Barber, Col. Francis 

Barber, George 

Barclay, David 

Barclay, David H 

Barclay, Dr. Peter M 

Barnard, George G 

Barnard, Justice 

Bate, David W 

Bate & McKissock 

Bates, Egbert R 

Barton, Charles 

Barton, Emma M 

Barton, Henry A 

Bartlett, Bradbury C 

Bartlett, T. & Son 

Bartlett, William E 

Bartrum, Charles W 

Barnes, Andrew 

Barnes, Anna 

Barnes, Arthur 

Barnes, Edgar C 1:», i 

Barnes, George 

Barnes, James W 

Barnes & Mapes, 

Barnes, Minnie 

Barnes, Warren O 

Baughan, Robert 

Baumgardner, Henry 

Bazzoni, Charles L 

Bazzoni, Frank W 

Bazzoni, James C 

Bazzoni, Lewis J 

Bayard, Hon. Thomas F 

Beach, 

Beach&Balley 

Beach, Dr 

Beach, Hon. Lewis 

Beard, Captain Samuel 

Beattie, Alexander 

Beattle, I. O 

Beattie. Lewis 

Beattle, Rev. Robert H.. D. D. . 

Beattie, Rev. Robert H 

Beatty, Alexander W 

Beatty, Elizabeth (Moore) 

Beatty, JohnF 

Beck, Lieut. Col. B 

Beckman, Horatio B, . . . 75, 76, 

Bedell, Alonzo 

Bedell & Seymour 

Bedford, Lyman O 

Beebe, Hon. George M 

Beede, N. B 

Beede, William H 

Beggs, George 175. 17 

Beggs, Isabella 

Beggs, Joseph 

Beggs & Moore 

Beggs, W. N 



Belknap, Aaron 

Belknap, Abel 

Belknap, Abel W... 
Belknap, Abraham. 
Belknap, A. & M. H. 
Belknap. Captain.. 
Betenap & Clinton . . 
Belknap, Evelina (Di 

Belknap, Isaac 

Belknap, Isaac, Jr... 



knap, Moses C. .75, 88, 105. 106. 1 
168, 181, 189, 269, 270. 



Belknap, Mrs. M. C 

Belknap, Moses H 

Belknap, Marietta (McCamly 

Belknap. & McCann 

Belknap, Mary H. (MalUer). . 

Belknap, Nat 

Belknap, Ruth (Cook) 

Belknap, Samuel 

Belknap, Ward 

Belknap, William C 

Bell, Captain H. H 

Bell, Rear Admiral Henry H. 

Bellows, Rev. Dr. H. W 

Bend, Henry 

Benedict, James W 

Bennett, James Gordon 

Bennett, Hiram 

Bennett, Samuel 

Bensel, A. A 

Berry, Joseph H 

Berry, William H 

Bethune, George W., D. D. . . . 

Betts, Samuel R 

Beveredge, John 

Beveredge, J. & Co 

Beverldge Brewery 

Beveridge Brewing Co 

Beverldge, James B 

Beveridge, Thomas 

Beveridge, T. & Co 

Biddle, Colonel 

Bigler, Harriet E. (Smith). . . . 
BIgler, James.. 74. 85. 154, 171, : 

Bigler, Mary W. (Magee) 

Bingham, Thomas 

Birch, James G., M. D 

Bird, Capt. Edward O 

Birdsall, Daniel 

Bir kins. Rev. H. R 

Bishop, Rev. Edward 

Bishop, Rev. George S 

Bishop, Rev. William H 

Blackman, — — 

Blackman, Mrs. L. H 

Blansjan, Mattys 

Blansjan, Mattys, sr 

Blalsdell, John 

Bloomer, Tut 



Bodine, Lawrence i 

Bodine, Polly 

Bogardus, Cornelius 
Bogardus, Edward : 
Bogart, Joseph N.. ., 
Bogart. William. .. 

Boggs, W 

Boice, Daniel 

Bols, Abraham du.. 

Bois, Isaac du 

Bpls, Louis du 

Boland&Delany,... 



Bond, Joseph W 

Booth, Edith 

Booth, Thomas H 

Bookstaver, Ophelia 

Borst, Elman H., M. D 

Bostwlck. Lieut.-Col. Charles 1 

Bosworth, Rev. Richard H 

Boss. Rev. Nelson R 

Bourn, Hon. Augustus O 

Bouton, Rev. w. S 

Bower, Abram 

Bower, Rev. E. K 

Bowne, J. T 

Boyd, 

Boyd, Francis 

Boyd, James 

Boyd, John A 

Boyd, John W 



Boynton, Mary J. (Hubbard). 
Boynton, Sophia (Cabot). . . . 

Boynton, Thomas 

Bowman, Phineas 

Bradenburgh, Jacob 

Bradley, Captain Ambrose S 

Bradley, Bishop 

Bradley, Emma (Turner). . . . 

Bradley, George W 

Bradley* Irvln 

Bradley, Thomas W 

Bremer, Frederika 

Brennan, Patrick 

Brewster, Anna (Brown). . . , 

Brewster, Deacon 

Brewster, Eugene A.. 69, 76, 
160, 161, 166, 171, 1?2 

Brewster, Eugene A., jr 

Brewster, Hiram S 

Brewster, Juliet 

Brewster, Samuel 

Brewster Timothy 

Brett, Walter 

Brett, Walter & Co 

Brlady, Rev. Edward S 

Bridge, 

Bridgeman, Alfred 

Brill, Jacobs 

Brink, Hiram 

Brlnkman, William H 

Broadhead, Rev. Dr. . . . ." 

Brodhead, Col. Charles C... 

Broglie, Prince de 

Brokaw Manufacturing Co.. . 
Brokaw. William B.119, 152, 1 

264, 293 
Brokaw, William H 



Hon. CharlesF.. 159, 168, 166, 181, 1 



Brown Charles G. . 
Brown, Charles L. . 
Brown. Charles L.. , 
Brown, Rev. C.S... 

Brown, E. A 

Brown, Eleanor F. 

Brown. Eliza 

Brown. Frances. .. 



PERSONAL INDEX 



PAGE. 

BrowD, Isaac 23 

Brown. Jacob 74, 105 

Brown. James P 102 

Brown, James S 241 

Brown, John 120 

Brown, John 142 

Brown, John 194 

Brown, Rev. John. D. D..56, 100. ICB, 126, 116, 

lis, la, 123. 123. 143. 144. IM. 161, l?i321, 

331.335 

Brown, JohnH., A. B 112 

Brown. JohnHobart 127 

Brown, Col. J. W 55 

Brown, Hon. John W. ...15S, 161. irs. lifi. 2.52 

Brown. Henr.v Klrke 193. 194 

Brown. Mrs. H. K 195 

Brown. Leauder 76 

Brown Lime Co 191 

Brown, Ludlow 127 

Brown. L.vdia Louisa (Udall) 194 

Brown 4 McMeefcln 97 

Brown. Marj- Alice (Townscnd) 186 

Brown, Pauline 101 

Brown, Robert 143 

Brown, Thomas 22 

Brown, Walter 255,324,325,335 

Brown, William VM, 13T 

Brown, William C 220 

Brown, WilUam H 178 

Brown, William N 121 

Brown, William R. .61, 74, 76, 159, Iffi. 186. 252. 

328 
Bruce. Wallace 45 47 

Brundam H D 125 

Brundagi J B B "92 

Bryant, Wlllnm Cullen 1 .9 160 I'M 

Buchanan James S 98 

Buchanan Norman B 97 

Buchner r 326 

Bucklni,h nn Beujimln F 97 S21 

Bucklnuh irn Kkhard 26 

Buck. C 11 t ^ J 43 

Buck. Ri ^ D 139 

Buck. Du 11« ^ 47 

Buckmistcr Clarence W 101 

Buckmastir Re^ JohnW 149 

Buehlel Pe\ W R 148 

Buhk-r, C l-irime F 44 

Bull. Enill% ( rate 301 

Bull, Johu sprinRstcad 2<w 301 

Bull, Sleiihen M IM 191 25a 298 2<I9 300 



Camcnm. William F..74.75. 76, I 

Campbell, 

Campbell, Anna E 

Campbell, J 

Campbell. Dr. John 

Campbell. John C 

Campbell. John J 

Campbell. Samuel F 

Candee, Lieut. Wlllard L 

Cantiue. Abraham 

Cantine, Christina 

C.intinc. Christina (Hoesi 



Cautlm-, Hanuah(H.ios) 

Cantine, CSeneral John 

Cantine, Marion J. (Co..k i 

Cantine, Moses 

Cantine, Moses I 

Cantine. Peter 

Cantlin. J. A 

Capron, Seth M 

Carey, Lucius 

Carlisle, Rev. ,I,,|in \V. K 

Carhsle. Letitiii (Crait;! 

Carlisle, Lizzie 

Carlisle, Margaret M. (Fenton). . 

Cai«isle, Rev. Samuel 43, 44, 

Carlisle, Rev. Samuel, Sr 

Carlisle, Mrs. Samuel 

Carlotta 

Caruahan, R. B 

Carnochan, Dr. J. Murray 

Carpenter, Benjamin 27, 

Carpenter, B. & Co 

Carpenter, Gilbert 

Carpenter, I. R 

Carpenter, Jacob and Leonard . 

Carpenter, John 

Carpenter, Leonard 

Carpenter, Lewis 

Carpenter, Lieut 



nnv 



,Wllliim 




52 53,298 306 






ion Ri^ Peter D 


D 


142 


|-;Lir,,ll. I:, X .1 ll;il>. 


tcd.D.D 


is. Lffli (Decker) 




212 


(JarruthiTs. David.. 




ls,( .pt W A 




203 22 


Carskaden. John . . . 








212 

139 






ch. R^^ B H 


■ Carson, William W. 


..74.84,86, 146. 154, 


den V < o 




219 


214 




«an H V 




47 


Carter. Charles 





Burgoyne (.eneral 
Burhans Lewis 
Burke, Thomas H 
Burke, W llliam F 
Burling Nathaniel 
Burling Walter 
Burnet, Re\ Eleazer 
Burnet, Oo\ William 
Btimett Mrb James S 
Burnett Robert 

Bums, 

Bums, Rattle 
Bums, John 
Burt.C 

Burt, Hon Orlnnell 
Burt. J 
Burton Mrs 
Bush. Edwanl V 
Bush, John 
Butler, J W 
Butler, N S ft Co 
Butler, Re\ \Mlllam 
Cabot, Francis 
Cabot, Mary D« iRht 
Caldwill Charles 
Caldwdl Mrs Charles 
Caldwill E O 
Caldw( II Henry 
Caldwill Ira 
Caldwill William 
Callahan Lieut C E 
Callahan William H 
Calycr, Ollliirl 
Camack Robert 



Carter, Edmund 150 

Carter, Ellen 313 

Carter, Enoch.. 155, 159, 161, 198, 199, 311, 323, 

334.334 

Carter, Ere 2.50 

Carter, Henry 191, 313 

Carter, Henry Francis 313 

Carter, James 313 

Carter, Jane (Linderman) 198 

Carter, Jonathan 94, 198 

Carter, Lewis 125 

Carter, Mary 313 

Carter, R. P 47 

Carver, George B 140, 152 

Carver, H. H 125 

Case, Admiral 182 

Case, A. Ludlow 182 

Case, Capt. C. A 45 

Case, Daniel 319 

Case & Kldd 319 

Case, Robert L 105, 147, 172 

Case, Walter 158 

Casey, Capt. William C 45 

Cass. General Lewis wg 

Casscdy, Hon. Abram S. . .61, 68, 69, 70, 74, 75, 

76, 106, 119. 160. 161, 162, 168, 16.5. 166. 167, 

ITO, 181 

Cassedy, Archibald, Sr 162 

Cassedy, Archibald, Jr 162 

Cassedy, A. S. & W. F 160. 163, 16T 

Cassedy & Brown 163, 166, 167 

Casscdy, Frank H 160, 163 

Cassedy, Lydla (Ourneo) 162 

Casitedy, Margaret J. (Drake) 16S 

Casscdy, William F 160, IG), 16«, 167 



PAGE. 

Cassedy, Mrs. William F 167 

Casterllne, Joseph 181 

Casterllne, Joseph, Jr 185 

Cavan, Mr 213 

Caviin, David T 133 

Cavanaugh, Ella F 292 

Cavanaugh, Garrett 292 

Cathcart, James 121 

Cauldwell. Alexander 74, 76. 95, 245, 247 

Chadborn & Coldwell 237 

Chadborn, Coldwell & Co 238,211,268 

Chadbom & Coldwell Mfg. Co 63, 81, 191. 

218. 238, 239, 2J1, 242, 255, 268, 288 

Chadborn, George L 75, 238, 268 

Chadwlck, James 126, 172, 191, 249, 250 

Chadwick, Joseph 173, 191, 249. 250. Kl 

Chadwlck, Thomas M 349 

Chalmers, Rev. Dr 136 

Chambers, ?2:! 

Chambers, Albert 



191,34: 



Chambers, Jaue (McCcj 

Chambers, Johu 

Chambers, Sanmel 

Chambers. William. . . 
Chambers, William C. 

Chamller, A. K 

Chandler. Gcc.rgf H... 
Chandler. Hon. Willia 
ChanuiiiL-, Riv. Willia 
Chapman. >!!>.. Al-'.xai 

Chapman. Ilenri.-tta. . 
Chapmau. Isaac- C — 7 



, 172, 173, ISl, 1S9. 



Chapman. Jolm H 






306 


Chapman. Louise 






260 


Chapman, Lydia W. (Sanxay). 






98 


Chapman. Paddock 






305 


Ohapman. Ralph 






305 


Chapman. William L 






169 


Cliasf. (apt. JamesT 


....46,9 


331 


Chasti-llux. Marquis de 






35 


ChatfleUl, Jacob 






132 


Chatterton, Charles L 


.141 


152 


160 


Chatties, Dr 






90 


Chetwood, Rev. Hobart 






144 


Chew, Rev. John Marshall 






150 


Chrystle, Rev. Dr. James 




121 


139 


Chry.stie. Thomas 






322 


Church, Sanmel P., M. D 




..sr 


ISl 


Church,F.S 






31 1 


Crawford, C.F.nii, 1,1 








Claflin, H. B. ,t < M 








Clapp, George M 


i, 1 


, -'1 




Clark, Abram 








Clark, Augusta (Rogursi 






7S 


Clark, B. Franklin 




.14. 


.IMS 


Clark. Chester 






1S3 


Clark. EdsouH 74,3ir 


,m 


265 


366 


Clark, Col. Emmons 






45 


Clark. Hon. George. .61. 74, 77, 78, 84 


105, 


107, 



165, 3.35 

Clark, George H 76,78,165 

Clark, James 122 

Clark &KlmbaU 202.265 

Clark. Leander 75.206 

Clark. Leander, Jr 84, 170, 202, 203 

Clark, Lewis 26 

Clark. Lucas 206 

Clark, Mary 77 

Clark, Mary J. (OIney) 206 

Clark, Captain Oliver H 224 

Clark, Phila 206 

Clark, Robert Sterling 78 

Clark, Ruth Ann (Clark) 202 

Clark, Ruth Ann 2<H 

Clark, Samuel 23 

Clark, William 77,325 

Clarke, E.Y 111,121 

Clarke, James Freeman 160 

Clarke, Captain Nathaniel Ill 

Clarke, Rev. W. E 139 

Clarkson, David H 143,144,234,328 

Clarkson, Maud 234 

Clay, 113 

Clay, Henry T!, 160, ITS 

Gilbert N 94 



PAGE. 

Clements. John A 174 

Cleveland, Hon. Grover 45, 178, 283 

Cleveland, Dr. J. A 306 

Cleveland, Ordine M 136, 191, 257, 260 

Cliff, Benjamin 75,76,150 

Cline, Benjamin 46 

Clinton, Bishop 128 

Clinton, Charles 26,53 

Clinton, Hon. De Witt 51, 53, 87, 159, 194 

Clinton, Governor 31,42,280 

Clinton, Hon. George 48 

Clinton, (Seorge 5.3, 158 

Clinton, Gteneral George 195 

Clinton, Gov. George 210 

CUnton, General James 51, 53, ST, 159 

Clinton, JamesG 159 

Clinton, General James G 321 

Clinton. Sir Henry 30, 53 

Clock, Sarah A., M. D < 86 

Close. Rev. John 117 

Clouser. John F 262 

Cl.vde. General Samuel 166 

Cobb. Captain 322 

Cochran, Isaac 70,123.140 

Cochrane, Alderman 
Cochrane, Martha (Hewitt). 

Cochrane, William H 

Coffin, Caleb 

CoflSn, Fannie M 

Colbert, 

Golden, Alex 

Colden, Alexander 

Colden, Alexander 

CoMen, Cadn-alladf-r 



James 68,75,80, 191 



Cold I' 



valiad 



Cokk-u.CrissytGrlfflthl. 

Colden. Governor 

Colden. Lieut. Gov 

Colden. Maria 

Coldwell Lawn Mower C 



Cole, Joseph 125, 128, 139 

Cole, Morgan 25, 135 

Coleman, Bev. L N 134 

Coleman, John 76, 94 

Coleman, Joseph 117 

Coleman, W.T 139 

Coles, Dennis 177 

Colfax, WllUam 34 

Collard, Noah 74, 75 

Collins, 323 

Collins, Capt. Wm. L 46 

Colt, Colonel 296 

romli=, coneral Leslie 159 

i-,,Tni,.rt. Rev.L.L 211 



, Dr. Stephen £ 



Cnukliu, 



Cnukling, 

Coukling, Senator Hoscoe 

Council, J 

Connelly, Rev. H 

Conner, David 

Connlck, Rev. Patrick 

Connolly, Bishop 

Connor, Captain Augustus W. . 

Ctonyngham, John 

Cook, 

Cook, Dr 



Cook, Rev. D 123 

Cook, A. M 191 

Cook, J. Hervey 44 

Cook. Levis Co 278 

Cook. General Solon H 216 

Cooke, S29 

Cooper, Rear Admiral G, H 45 

Cooper, Joseph 150 

Cooper, T. H., M. D 217 

Copeland, Anna E. (Clark) 77 

Corcoran, Capt. G. W 46 

Corey, Rev. o. H 139 

Corklns, Michael 98 

Coriey, Charles G 136 

Corliss, Mr 214 

Corliss & Nightingale SUt 

Corliss, Nightingale & Co 214 

Cornell, Hon. AlonzoB 181 



PERSONAL INDEX 



Cornell. Henry 

Cornell, J. B 

Cornell. W. W 

Corning, Erastus 

Cornish. Joseph 

Cormvallis, 

Cornwell. Rev. Dr 

Cornwell. 

Cornwall. George 

Cornwell. (George) & Sou 

Cornwell. Henr.v. 

Corrigan. Mt, Rev, Jl. A., D. 1 

Corwiu, Daniel 

Corwin, Echvaril P 

Corwin, Frank R 

Corwiu, HalseyS Co 

Corwiu, Isaac L 

Corwin, John 74. T.i, 7(i. l 

Corwiu, .lolin H !. 

Corwin, Matthias 

Corwin, Stanton & Co 

Courtland, Col 

Courtney, Capt. William H. . 

Coulter. John 

Coutant. Mrs. Albert 

Coutant, Daniel J 

Coutant, W. A 

Cowdrey. John 

Cowling. David 

Cowling. Mary L 

Coyle, Rev. Denis 

Crabb, Capt. G. W 

. Craft, F. W 

Craig, James 

Crane, James M., A. M f 

Crane, Joslah 

Crane, Josiah, 3d 

Crane. Stephen 

Crary. Rev. B. F 

Crawtoril. c. Emmet 

Crawford. David 

Crawford. David & Co 2 

Crawford, F. & D. & Co 

Crawford. Francis 

Crawford, Francis & David. 

Crawford & Harris 

Crawford, James 

Crawford, James B 

Crawford . James I 

Crawford. James W 

Crawford. John 

Crawford. Rev. M. D'C. D. D. . 

Crawford, Mailler & Co 

Crawford, O. Clark 

Crawshaw, Elizabeth Prance. . 

Crawshaw, George 

Crawshaw's. George, Sons 

Crawshaw, Mark 

Crawshaw, Samuel 

Crawshaw, Thomas 

Crawshaw, William 

Creagh, 

Creveling. Rev. P. c 

Crilly, James 

Crlspel. Anthoine 

Crissey. Gilbert R 

Crist, Estelle 

Croly, David G ,. 

Cromwell 

Cromwell, Major 

Crook. James H., Jr 

Crosby, Rev. Dr. Howard 

Crosby, S. L 

Crowell, Rev. J. M 

Cruger, Colonel S. V. R 

Cruicksliank. Rev. William 

Cubit. Ja sc '■'■ 

Culbert. H.iirietta(P,,wc-lI) V 

Culbert. John .'.'' 

Culbert. Fiauiis Ra]iisdeli 
Culbert. William A. .M..,M. Ii. > 
Culbert. Mrs. Williaui a. .M. 

Cullen. Judge EdKarM 

Cumniiugs. Lieut. Col 

Cummins. Bishop George Davii 

Cunningham, James 

Currie, John 

Currie. Margaret A 

Curry, John [[[ 

Curtice Brothers 

Curtin, Hon. A. G ' . 

Curtis, '"" 

Curtis, George William 

Cushing, William J 



8 Cushman, Charles U. ...169. 173, 177. 1S4. 3 

8 Custis. Martha . 

^ Cutlibutsou, Rev i: 

I Daggett. John j, 

i Dales. Rev. J. B r 

i Dales. John (31. 141. 170, 214, ;?(i:i, 3; 

1 Dales, (John) l4 Co ! l< 

) Dales. John & Co 3( 

r Dales, Mrs 3( 

! Daiton, 3;: 

i Dal.v, Archibald .92 

) Darby, Andrew i( 

Darragh. John J 9 

1 Dauphin of France 3ii. 3 

Davenport. Rev. John 8 

Davids, George W 17 

Davi.s. Oliver 18 

Da«-.T '..'.'.[ 32 

Day. Rev. Alfred 12 

Day. Rev. J. R.. D. D 12 

Dayton. Col 3 

Dean, Judge 20 

Decker, 32; 

Decker, Alonzo 14; 

Decker, Charles N st 

Decker, Frederick 4; 

Decker, Jacob P 21: 

Decker, James T i5( 

Decker, John 32= 

Decker, Rev. William H 123, 12( 

De Forest, D. R 26i 

De Forest, Captain Ezra 4= 

De Forest, La Tour & Bazzoni 265 

De Grandval, L uj 

Degrove, Adolph ; 117 

DeHart, Captain W. H 45 

De Lancy. John 97. 301 

Delano. Warren '14c 

De La Salle 134 

Delany. P. & Co 85. 191. 245. 247 

Delany, John 247, 248 249 

Delany. Patrick 75, 245^ 24(i! 247 

Denuiston, Hon. Augustus 167. 311 

Denniston. David .' 'm 

Denniston. Rev. James Otis 148 

Denuiston. Hon. Robert 211 

Denning. William H 322 

»™t. 317 

Denton. James 33 

Denton. Jonas 32 

Denton. R. B 178 

Denton. Samuel 22 

Depuy. Thomas R [ 91 

Dermott, Michael 22 

Devereux, President 234 

Devine,T. F [[]['_ gjg 

Devyr, 328 

DeWlut, John Peter 145, Kid, 197 

DeWint, Peter '145 

Dewitt, Andrus 133 

DeWitt, Cornelius 94 

DeWltt, John ' ' 21O 

DeWitt, Simeon ...3.3."s7 

DeWitt, Rev. Thomas. D. D .131. 137 

DeWordt, Ivan ,326 

Dexter, W. H ' ^ ' 324 

Deyo, Christian 215 

Deyo, Clarence W [[[ ii2 

Deyo, Cornelia Bruyn (DuBois) 87 88 

Deyo, Dr. Daniel N ' g-, 

Deyo. Hattle C. (Estabrook) .... 112 

Deyo. John. M. D 45,86,88 

Deyo, Mrs. John 153 

Deyo. Jonathan D ^ ^ ^ g; 

Deyo, Mary Hardenbergh (De Witt) .... 87 
Deyo, Nathaniel, M. D. .86, 87, 88, 161, 169, 321 

Deyo, Nathaniel DuBois 88 

Deyo, Robert E [' gg 

Deyo, Van Zandt gS 

Dick, Rev. Dr ....123 136 

Dickey, Annie L ' jca 

Dickey, Frank R [] 1^2 

Dickey, Henrietta E 162 

Dickey, James 75 

Dickey, Hon. Joseph M. .44, 45, 65, 74, 85, 162, 



Dickson, James R . 

Dickson. W 

Dillon. 

Dillon. Glide & Co . 
Dimmick. Samuel 1 
Dix. Gov. John A. . 
Dixon. Charles A . . 
Dixon. Rev. Felix . 

Dobbin. Tiionias 

Doblin. Robert 

Dodge, Levi 

Dogan, Cliristlan... 

Dogan, Pierre 

Doherty, William.. 

Donahue, .Alichael. 



Donnelly, James 

Donoghue, James A 

Douoghue, Joseph F 

Donoghue, Timothy 

Donoghue, Thnothy. Jr 

Donveur, Louis 

Doremus. Dr. Ogden 

Dornin. William C 

Doty. William H 

Dotzert. J. H 

Dotzert, Jolin 

Dougherty, Dr 

Dougherty, James J 

Doughty, Charles H 

Doughty, Harriet M. (Hale) . 
Doughty, Prof. John W., M. , 
2(M 

Doughty. Mary H 

Doughty, Mary T. (DuBois) . 

Doughty, Sarah 

Doughty, Wesley H 

Doughty, William B 

Doughty, William H 

Doutuey, 

Dow, Susan C 



6, 11)5, 280 


Dunphy, Jennie 


, ■ 


329 


Duuphy, Mary 


183 


3*1 


Dupreze, Captain 


297 


69 


Durfee, Holder B 




160 


Durgin. H. W 


2S3 


195 


Durkin.M.S 




237 


Duryea, Rev. Joseph T.. D. D 137 


146 


Dwight. Prof. Theodore 


D 23J 


9, 105, 135 


Eager, Frank S 


.,(,; 


143 


Eager, Samuel W 


■)S lOT 17' 1S5 316 


171 


Earl& Wilson 




87 


Eastep, Rev. R. T 


128 


87 


Eaton. Anna 




323 


Eaton, David 


121 


23 


Eaton, Governor 


86 


76 


Eaton, James 


151 


17 


Eckerson, Clarence H... 


101 


34 


Edgar, Grant E 


74,106,301,303 


.323, 326 


Edgar. Mrs. Grant E 


154 


..<!23, 326 


Edgar, Grant E.. Jr 


302, 303 


, 325, 328 


Edgar. John 


301, 302 


326 


Edgar. Margaret 


302 


101 


Edmonds, Samuel 


23 


89 

235 


Edwards, 

Edwards, Thomas 


329 


.... 101 


Egan. J 


319 


.... 69 


Eldrldge, Judge E. L 


70 


...74,75 


Elliott, Miss 


156 


.... 109 


Ellis. Colonel 


67,211 


.... 155 


EUisou. John 


30,33,52,53 


.86, 204 


Ellison, Thomas 


30,33 


.... 112 


Ellison, CoL Thomas 


52 


112, m, 


Elting, Capt. E. R 


46 




Ely, Augusta (Brown). . . . 


127 


.... 113 


Ely, Eliza (Coleman) 




.... 113 


Ely, Gertrude (Hardy). . . . 


.'..'''. S9 


.... 313 


Ely.Moses 


89, 127 


.... 113 


Ely, Smith. M. D 


....86,89. 105, 167 


.... 191 


Ely. Mrs. Smith 


154 


.... 113 


Embler, Charles J 


75,105 


.... 268 


Embler. Frank H 


130,319 



76, 146, 



Die 



162 



Dickf 



. I^ati- \V. (RJL-hmoud) 162 

• "'illi:>'" 161,220 

Dickey, Col. William D. .43, 45, 65, 76, 97, 160, 
161, 162 

Dickson, Agnes R., M. D 86 



Downing, Andrew J 69, 161 


), 163, 196, 197 


Embler. Joseph s " ' '^ '^ '" 





Downing, Charles. . .154, 196, 19 


, 203, 203, 335 


Emery. Abigail (l'n.,r,.ttj 


'^ 


Downing, Mrs. Charles 


151 






Downing, C.& A.J 


196 


Emery. Braiuer.l l>re.sLott 


.j_ 


Downing, Caroline E. (DeWint 


1 icu 


Emery. Capt. Flavlus 





Downing, Eunice 




Emery. John. .Sr 


j„ 


Downing, George W 


196 


Emery. Moody 


^ 


Downing, Mary (Wait) 




Em-ery. Rev. Rufus 


.144, 149, 130 

m 


Downing, Samuel 


196 


Ericsson. John 


Doyle, Frank 


77 


Ernest, John, Jr 


47 


Doyle, Fred 


77 


Esmond, Darwin W 


160,189 


Doyle, James C 


77 


Esmond&Ward 


160 


Doyle, J. Farnam 


77 


Estabrook, Charles... 105, 111. 112. 129.145. i.ni 


Doyle, Mary (Mclntyre) 


77 


Estabrook, Frank E 


"II III) 113 


Doyle, Hon. Michael. .75, 76, 77, 


79, 84, 86, 126, 


Estabrook, Lillie 


10) \li 


172, 191 




Estabrook, Susan E. (Marshall) 


112 


Doyle, T. F 


324 


Ettrick 




Do.vle, William 


74,75 


Evans, Rev. Israel 


16 


Doyle, William E 


77 


Evans. Rev. J. A 


1'9 


Drake, Charles, M. D K 


, 162. 163, 172 


Evans, John 


17 


Drake, Mary 


S43 


Evarts&Peck 




Draper, Hon. A. S 


70 


Evarts, Hon. Wm. M 


4o 47 
1U9 


Drew, N.athaniel 


139 


Everts. Dr. Orpheus 


Driscoll. James 


97 


Fackner, Capt. Edward 


46 


DuBois. Broadhead 


113 


Fairbanks, Capt. Henry 


203 223 
14ti 


Dubois, Colonel 


288 


Fairley, Rev. J. W 


DuBois, Louis 


88 


Fairman, Colonel ' 


264 


DuBois, Colouel Louis 


88 


Falls.Hiram 


144 


Dudley, Anna (Fellows) 


197 


Fancher, Hon. Enoch L..LL.D.44 


IIJ lilj 196 


Dudley, Henry, A. M 


126,197 


Fanning, James T 


125 


Duers, Henry 


138 


Farley, Rev. Dr. F. A 




Dnffleld, Prof 


136 


Farnam. John 


76 


Duffy, 


328 


Farnam (John) & Co 




Duffy, Rev. Patrick 


133 


Faruuni. Frederick W 


171 
193 


Duke, Matthew 


.95, 107, 132 


Farragut. Admiral 


DuMond, Emma 


nil 


Farrell. James C 


97 


Dumpsou, Rev. Henry 


13X 


F.arriiigt.ai. 


329 


Dumvllle, Benjamin 


Mi; 


Farni, ;;(,,„. Daniel 


77 131 266 


Duncan, Colonel 


];,, 


|-ai-riii.|n„, E 


329 
K. 233 321 
II ir2 262 


Duncan, Henry C 


191, :;ii; 


Farrii,^(.„,, Ezra 7li. 77 


Duncan, John H 


4S 


Farriug.on. E.W m. 


Duncan, Walter 


31(i 


Farrington, J. McC 




Dungy, Rev. John 


128 


Farrlngton, Thomas 


107 


Dunlap, James 


262 


Farrington, Rev. Thomas T 


121,333 


Dunlap, Margaret R 


101 


Fawcett, Maria W 


101 


Dunlap, Samuel 


123 


Fay, ; 


323 


Dunn. George W 


331 


Fay,A 


S''! 


Dunn, Nettie 


153 


Feber. Abram 


13 


Dunning, Benjamin F 


234 




18 


Dunning, Isabelle 


234 


Feber,lsaac 


18 


Duuphy, Mrs. B. A. (Bannon). . . 


183 


Febore, Andre le 


87 


Dtmphy, Edward 


183 


Pebore, Simon le 


87 


Dunphy, James G 


183 


Felter, Blanche E 


101 



PERSONAL INDEX. 



Fentou, George W 

Fenton, James 

Fenton, John B 

Fenton, John W.. JT P . 

Ferguson, .. 

Ferry, Capt. Daiiu- 
Ferry, Emily (D""Tiiii^i 
Ferry & Napier 

Ficlieisseu. Rev. F. E 

FleldinRi: JIusi-nw 

Fields, William 

Flere, Anna Maria 

Fiere, Daniel 

Flnck, 

Fincke, Major C. L 

Flndley, Kev. ,T. G. D 

Findley , Mrs. J.G.D 

Flndley, Mary L. (Gormley). . . 

Findley, Hon. William 

Flndley, Eev. William, D. D., 

Findley, William F 

Flnnepau, W 

Finley, Alexander 

Fischer, .Toliaunes 

Fischer. Maria Barlara 

Fish, Elizaiietli 

Fisher, Rev. Isaac M 

Fisher, J.inies W 

Fisk, Jonathan 

Fisk, Clark ,si Fia^'- 

Fitch, Charles E 

Fitchey, John 

Fitzgerald, Brit-.-General Lou 

Fitzpatrick, Nicholas F 

Fltzpatrick, P. J 

Fltzsimmons, Kev. Patrick . 

Flanagan, Anna E 

Flansburgh, David H 

Flemmlng, James 

Fletcher, Eev. Dr 

Foote,Dr.C.C 

Foote, Ebenezer 

Force, E 

Ford, T 

Forrest, Robert 

Forson, David H 
Forson 



FuUerton, Rev. Matthew L I'li' 

Fullerton, Capt. S. W 108 

Fullerton, Hon, Stephen W.. 160, 164, 165, 209, 



, Rev. J. H. 



)dale, William Hi 
)iliiue, William., 
)drich, Alfred... 



Gains. John 

Galatlan, Clark B 

Galatian, Erwiu 

Galatian, Luella 

Gallagher, Rev. Mason. . 

Gait, Clarence H 

Gait, Eveline (Roberts) . 

Gait, John 

Gait, J. Randolph 

Gano, Chaplain 

Gardiner, William 

Gardiner, Cicero A 

Gardner, Major Asa B, . 

Gardner, George 

Gardner, John M 

Gardner, Silas 

Gardner, Silas D 

Garner, Henry 

Garnet, Rev. George — 



, Gloriana 





,.,■ , 136 


Gearn, William 




94-, 26-2 


Geddes, John, Sr 


Forsyth, John, Sr .... 




Gedney, David 




D.,LL. D.4;i.+4,47,70, 


Gedney, Judge 


79, 98, 105, IW, 119, I: 


K.IIB, 136,141,172,262, 


George, George 






George II 




91, 9T 


George, King 




171,262 


George, Hon. Thomas.. 


Forsyth, Robert h .... 


172 


Gelssenhainer, Rev, Dr. 




J28 


Gerard &Boyd 




125 


Gerard, Franklin.. 84, U 




20(1 


Gerard & Halsey 


Foster, William 


191 


Gerard, Mary 


Fowler, Daniel W... 


163 


Gerard. W.-^sel S 



Goodsell, John 

Gordon, C. J 

Gordon, Ehzabeth L.. .. 

Gordon, General 

Gordon, Hattie W 

Gordon, James, M. D. . . 

Gordon, John 

Gordon, (John) & Co. . . . 

Gordon, Joseph 

Gordon, Nettie W. (Job 
Gorham, John R., Sr. . . . 

Gorham, Walter H 

Goring, Thomson E — 

Gormly, John A 

Gorrle, Robert Hall.... 

Gorrie, Mrs. R. H 

Gott, John W. 

Gouldy, Francis 

Gouldy, Jennie A 

Gouldy, Mary E 

Gourley, Robert 

Gowen, President 

Graff & Co 

Graham. 

Graham, Commodore . 
Graham, George G., 31. 
Graham, Helen C 



Grant, Dr. C. W 

Grant, Ulysses s 6T, ;T, 

Grant, James C 

Graves. 

Gray, Miss E. K, 

Gray,E. W 

Gray, Rev. James M 

Gray, Rev. John 

Greatton, Col 

Greatton, Brig.-Gen'l John. . 

Greeley, Horace 

Green, George W 

Greene, General Nathaniel. . 

Greene, Prof 

Greene, Louise D.'. 

Greer, Elizabeth 



Fowler, Dr. John 

Fowler, Lucretla A 

Fowler, 3Iary C 

Fowler, Matthew V. B. . 



■'owler, Nancy M. (Merrill). . . 

Fowler, Nehemlah 

Fowler, Samuel 

Fowler, Samuel, Sr 

Fowler, Thomas Powell 

Fowler, Walker 

France, EltlngD.B 

Eraser, Judge William F 

I-Yazer, James, Sr 

Frazler, Capt. Isaiah: 

Fredrikscn, Oscar 

Freeman, Rev. Jonathan... 

Fremont, General 

French, Rev. Dr 

Frere, Hugo 

Frothlngham, Lieut. Col. J, 

FuUngar, Kelsey 

Fuller, 

Fuller. George W 



Glbb, Eliza (Reed) 

Gibb, Louisa 

Gibb, Samuel 

Gilbert, Justice 

Giles, Rev, Samuel 

Gill, J 

Gillespie, Rev. D. D 

Gillespie, William G 

GlUlesft Schultz 

Gillies, Schultz & Cruni 

Gilmore, Henry 

GIvens, Rev, John V 

61assey,J 

Gleasou, Rev. W. H. D. D. . . 
Gleason, W. Stanton, M, D. . 

Glynn, Patrick J 

Godwin Park 

Goetchlus, H, B 

Goetchius, John £ 

Goldie, 

Goldsmith, John K 

Good, Henry, Sr 

Goodale, Cynthia Augusta. . 

Ooodale, James Harvey 

Goodale, Mary E. (Gale) 

sKlng 



GTegov\ 
Gregtiri 
Griffiim 
Griffith 



Guthrie, Captain Arthur. 

Halgh, Edward 

Haight, Nelson 



Haines, Provosts 

Halt, Eliza 

Halt, John 

Hale, Major Lewis 

Hall, 

Hall, Anna B, (Bond) 

Hall,Dr.B.R 

Hall. Rev. Charles Cuthbert. , 
Hall, G. A„ State Secretary y. 

Hall, Rev, James 

Hall, Mary Alice 

Hall, W.B 

Hall, Rey. William K., D. D. . . 

141, 158, 181 
Hallock, Nicholas 



Halsey, 

Halsey, Lewis B 


328, Sffl 

74 


Halstead, Berrian 


106 


Halstead, Charles B 


218 


Halstead, Charles H 


75,218 


Halstead, Charles, Jr 


172,323 


Hamill James 


...331,325,335 




113 


Hamilton, Harriet (Bontecou) 


212 


Hamilton, Hugh 


74,96 


Hamilton, James 


94,212 


Hamilton, James T 


97, 333 


Hamilton, Margaret 


101 


Hamilton, Robert J 


312 


Hamilton, Robert W 


97 


Hamilton, William 


140,176 




139 


Hancock, General 


45,67,109 


Hancon, 


326 


Hancon, John 


334 


Hand, Adjutant General 


35 


Hantord, J. C 


305 


Hanmer, William S 


76,125 


Hanmore, Benjamin 


199,328 


Hanmore, Louis E..,M.D 


86 


Hannan, William F 


91 


Hansbrough, Henry C 


279 


Harcourt, Charles A - 


75,311 


Harcourt, Charles H 


189 


Hardenburgh, J. C.s 


208 


Harding, Chester 


193 


Harding, William 


26 


Hardy, Charles W 


89 


Hare, Rev. G. S., D. D 


43,125 


Harney, George A 


146 


Harney, J. E 


131 


Harper, J. Abuer 


55 


Harper.J.H 


313 


Harris, 


ffiS 


Harris, C. E 


282 


Hai-ris,I.P 


282 


Harris.John 


94 


Harris, Louis A., M. D 


86 


Harris, Minard 


94 


Harris, Thomas 


328 


Harris, William A 


244 


Harrison, James 


...145, 151,191 


Harrison, J. J. E 


97 


Harrison, Joshua 


145 


Harrison, Steele 


ISrt 


Harrison, William 


.09,1115, 1116,107 


Harrison, William R 


301 


Hart, Capt. Arthur B 


45 


Harter, Eugene W., A. B... 


101 


Hartshorn, Charles 


95 


Harvey, Dr. A. B 


206 


Harvey, Rev. C. A., D. D. ,, 


308 


Hasbroug, Abraham 


87 


Hasbrous. Jean 


87 


Hasbrouck, Charles 


106 


Hasbrouck, Charles H 


11.15, 16», 170 


Haslirouck, Eli 


..Si, ISl, 1S9, 328 


Hasbrouck, E. R 


46 


Hasbrouck, Col. H. C 


TO 


Hasbrouck, Jonathan 


. .■2-2, 2o, 26, :i5, sa 


Hasbrouck, Oscar 


m 


Hasbrouck, wmiam C 


1116, l.i9, 31£ 


Haskins.John 


145 


Hastings, James 


105, 106, lOS 




lOt 


Hathaway, Odell S 


61,169.1?; 


Hathaway, Ortell S., Jr 


91 



Havemeyer, A. H 

Havemeyer, C 

Haviland, Rev. Oscar . 
Havlland, Thomas T. . . 

Hawkins, Rev. E 

Hawkins, W 

Hawkins, W.H 

Hawkins. William.... 

IIlUN I. \ , ll-li .("--I'll ■ 



Hay.len, Capt. Henry 1 

Hays, Archibald 

Hays, HughM 

Hayt. Col. Edward D.. . 
Hayt, Jansen & Wells. 

Hayt, Nathaniel B 

Hayt,N.B.&E.D 



PERSONAL INDEX 



Hay t, Stephen 


218 


Howell. Frances (Nicholas) 


Hay t, (Stephen) & Son 


218 


Howell. John T.. M. D 


Hayt, Stephen & Co 


305 


Howell. Julia A 


Headley, Hon. Joel T. . . .42, 44, 45, 


47, 160, 193 


Howell. Margaret O 


Headley, Russel 


.76. 160, 105 


Howell. Olive (Belknap) 


Headley. Mrs. Russel 


153 


Howell. Rensselaer 1 


Heard.James 


45 


Howell, Rensselaer N 


Heard. John S., M. D 


SO 


Howell, Rensselaer, Sr 


Heard. WilUam 


144 


Howell. William T 


Heath. Maj. Gen'l 29. 30. 32, c 


IS, 34, 36, 40 


Hoysradt. Brace 


Hedge* Lee 


W 


Hoysradt.J.W 


Heinz Bros.&Co 


292 


Hoyt.Rev.J.C 


Hem nilngway. Milton 


245 


Hubbard, E.,Jr 


Henderson. Andrew 


123 


Hubbard, George 


Henderson. Ida R 


101 


Huddelson, Robert 


Henderson. W 


:e9 


Hudson. Daniel 


Henderson, William J 


91 


Hughes. Bishop 


Henrleke, Christian 


18,19 


Hughes, Mary Ellen 


Henry, Caleb Sprague, D. D 


201 


Hull.Dr.A.G 


Henry, John 


146 


Hull, Amelia J. P 


Henry, Rev. John C 


....146,147 


Hull,Dr.Duane 


Henry, Patrick 


161 


Hull, Franks 12.5.152. 


Henry, Sarah (Dorrian) 


147 


Hull. Ida (Weygant) 


Hepp. August 


334 


Hull. Marjorie W 


Herbert John E 


155 


Hull, Sarahs 


Herbert, Patrick 


97 


Hull, Stanley W 


Herman. Fred 


75,155 


Hulse, George E 


Hermance. Rev. Fields 


145 


Hunn, 


Hermance, Rev. J. p 


139 


Hunn, John S 


Herreschoffs, (The) 


328 


Hunn,PeterF 


Heron, John 


:ii, 140 


Hunt, Francis W 


Heustls, Henry O 


aw 


Hunt. George 


Hewitt, Samuel J 


30 


Hunt. Peter 


Hewitt. Samuel J.. Jr 


97 


Hunt, Peter F 


Heyer, Rev. William S 


131 


Hunt,R.S 


Higby. Dr. Moses 


53.54 


Hunter, Amanda (Theall) 


Hlgby. William S 




Hunter,EzraI 


Hlgginson, Anna E 


186 


Hunter, General 


Higgiusou, Henry C 


251. 252. 328 


Hunter, Dr. George 


Hilton, Anna 


ail 


Hunter, Helen R 


Hilton, Anna L. (Turner) . . . 


201 


Hunter, Henry J 


Hilton, Bertha 


201 


Hunter, William G 


Hilton, Clara 


201 


Hunter, William, Jr 


Hilton, Edith 


201 


Hunter, Sarah 


Hilton, Mai-y EUa 


201 


Huntington. Brig.-Gen'l 


Hilton, Ellen J. (Lawson)... 


201 


Husted, Hon. James W 


Hilton. Judge Henry 


201 


Hutchlns, John N 


Hiltou.James 


139 


Hutehins,S.C 


Hilton. John 


201 


Hyer-Sheehan Electric Motor Co, 


Hilton, Mrs. John 


153 


Hylon. 


Hilton. Joseph 


201 


Hyndman, Robert 


Hilton. Minnie 


201 


Hyndman, William H 


Hilton, Ralph 


201 


Ide.E 


Hilton, Robert 


201 


Ide, George B. & Co 


Hilton, Robert Jolin 


201 


Ironmonger, Frank 


Hilton, Samuel 


201 


Isaacs. Rev. A. S.. Ph. D 


Hilton, Samuel J 


170 


Iselin, 


Hilton, Sarah 


201 


Irvin, Joseph C 


Hilton William !)5, 123, 140, 


200. 201, 208 


Irving, Rev. Dr 


Hilton, William H 70, 75 176, 189. 191. 201 


Irwin, Daniel 


Hilton. (William) & Son 


105 


Jack, Rev. Alexander B 


Hilton, William T 


86, 201 


Jackson, General 


Hinckle. Rev. Geo. W 


150 


Jackson,J.C 


Hirschberg. Elizabeth (McAlles). 


If 5 


Jackson, Brig Gcul . R. H 


Hlrschberg. Henry M 


76 


Jackson, Rev. William 


Hirschberg. Hon. M. H. . . .42, 47, 1 


05. 14:^, 160. 


Jacobs.AdaLouI.se 


161, 164, 167, 181, 255. 328 




Jacobs Baking Powder Co 


Hitch, Mrs. F. D 


155 


Jacobs. Bessie May 


Hoagland, John 


94 


Jacobs. Eugene Ward 


Hobart, Right Rev. John H 


.... 120.127 


Jacobs, Gilbert E 


Hobbs, James 


97 


Jacobs, George H 


Hoehiug Rcv.A. C 


150 


Jacobs. Lucy A 


Hoes. Rev. Dr 


215 


Jacobs. Mary Ward (Muiin) 


Hoffman. Gov. John T 


195 


Jacobs'. William H 


Hoffman. Joseph 


. .94, 98, 305 


Jacobus. Charles C 


Hoffman, Mary 


305 


Jacobson, Frank A., M. D 


Holdredge. S. W 


144 


Jagger. Rev. S. H 


Holland. Rev. F. W 


146 


James, Hon. Thomas L 


Homer R.-imsdeli Transportation 


Co., (The) 


Jamison, John 


26. 70. 228. Z«. 248. aw 




Jamison, Thomas J 


Hood. General 


297 


J.ines, Bishop 


Hopkins. Rev. JmlsunH 


141 


Jannicky, Charles 


Hornbeck. Henry D 


215 


Jansen. Mary E 


Horton. 


144 


Jansen, Sally 


Hort.m, Eugene B 


101 


Jarvis,Capt. J. M 


Horton, James E 


76 


Jay. 


Horton, Jeremiah 


205 


Jefferson, Thomas 


Hovey, Henry 


282 


Jenkins. Caroline E. (Macy) 


Howard. Gen'l O.O 


171) 


Jenkins. Charles S...42, 172, 173, ; 


Howe.General 


. . .IS, 30. 41 


Jenkins, Mrs. Charles S 


Howell, Anna R. (Lester) 


115 


Jenkins, Hannah B 


Howell. Beuoni H 


..94.97.177 


Jenkins. James R 


Howell. Charles J 


141, 151 


Jenkins. William B 


Howell, Mrs. C. J 


154 


Jenkinson. Capt. Isaac 


Howell, David 


20 


Jennings, Lewis 



Jerome, Watson 

Jessup, Sylvanus 

Jessup Thomas 

Jewell, 

Jewett. Hugh J 

Johansen, G 

Johnes. Edward R 

Jobnes, Mrs. E. R 

Johnson, Andrew 

Johnson, F 

Johnson, Rev. Henry T 

Johnson, L. F 

Johnson, Peter 

Johnson, Rev, T. W , 

Johnston & Alsdorf 

Johnston, President Andrew. . , 

Johnston, Andrew M 

Johnston, Beverly K 

Johnston, Charles 

Johnston, Capt. Charles 

Johnston, Elvira S. (Beatty) . . . , 

Johnston, Frank M , 

Johnston, Rev. James R 

Johnston, Rev. John, D. D..79, ! 



, 119, : 



, 179 



Johnston, John A 

Johnston, Mary (Bull).. 

Johnston, Robert 

Johnston, W. C 

Johnston, William 

Johnston. William J. . 

Jones, Rev. Arthur 

Jones, Hiram A 

Jones, Rev. John 



Jones. William. M. D.... 

Jones, William C 

Jova, A. v., M. D 

Jordan, Capt. F. H 

Jordan, J. V 

June, Charles F. .203, '^2S, 

June, George 

June, Jacob 

"June, Jennie" 

June, Phineas 

Kayne, Alfred, M. D 

Kearny, General Philip.. 
Keefe, William H 



Kelly, James F 

Kelly, John D 

Kelly, John P 

Kelly William H.... 45, K 
151, 328, 339 

KeUy, Mrs. W. H 

Kemp, Major John H 

Kemp, Robert D 

Kennedy, Joseph 

Kennedy, Miss Letltia. . . 

Kenset, J. F 

Keruahan, Robert 

Kernochan, John A 

Kerr, Charles L. C 

Kerr, Emellne (Ross) 

Kerr, George, M. D 

Kerr, George W 1(X), 

Kerr, Hon. John B 

Kerr-, Margaret (Brown). 

Kerr Rev. Robert 

Ketcham, 

Ketcham, Frank H 

Ketcham, Hon. J. H 

Ketcham, Julia 

Ketcham, Reeve 

Ketcham. Samuel 

Kidd Andrew 

Kidd ,!t Benjamin 

Kidd, D. L 

Kidd, J. H 



Kimball, Samuel G K4. 

Kimball's, S. G.. Smi 

Kimball, S. G. & S.-ns 

Kimball, Thomas 

Kimball, William G 

Kimber, Herbert P 

Kimber, H. P. & Co 

Kimber, Marie A 

King, Rev, James B 

King, John 

King, Gov. John A 

King.Rev.L. H 

King, Richard 

King, Stephen 

King (Stephen) & Co 

Kingston, R. J„ M. D 

Kipp, Capt. W. H 

Kirkland, Fred T 

Kissam, R 

Kittel, Dr, Joseph 

Klaproth, F 

Knapp, Israel 

Knapp, Uzal 

Knevels, Isaac A 

Knevels, John W 

Knoll, Michael Christian 

Knox, General 30, 33, 

Knox. Mrs 

Koch, John 

Kockerthal, Joshua 

Kockerthal, Sibyle Charlotte 

Krebs. Rev. Dr 

Kretchmar. Capt. C. P 

Kripner, John F 

Krom, Ella L 

Labouchere, Henry 

LaFayette, Marquis de..3it, 5. 

Laflin & Rand Powder Co 

Lambert, Valentine 

Lamdin, J. R 

Lander, Benjamin 

Landon, Rev, Seymour 

Lane, Rev. Michael 

Langdill, Rev. Mr 

Lansing, 

Lappe, Charles 

Lappe, John 

Laraway, Harriet 

Lasher, Rev, G. W 

Lathrop, L 

La Tour, A, T 

Laurens, Col 

Law, Beveredge & Co 



PAGE. 

.265, 266 



Kiln 



. Irvi: 



Kilmer Manufacturing Co. .GS. 7 

Kilmer.M. D 

Kilmer, T. S 

Kilmer, W. A 

Kimball. Charles H 

Kimball, Charles Henry 

Kimball, Eliphalet Buotman.. 

Kimball, Mary Elizabeth 

Kimball, Rev. Joseph 

Kimball, Moses 

Kimball, Sarah Frances 



Law, James 

Lawrence, Grand Master.. 

Lawrence, Omon H 

Lawrence, WiUiam 

Lawson, Andrew 

Lawson, Charles J.. 130, 155 



, 191, 



, Mrs. 



Lawson & Embler 


81 


Lawson, George 


76 


Lawson. Hannah (Budd)... 


80 


Lawson, Henry B 


75,80 


Lawson, James T 74 


, 130, 151, 107, 173 


Lawson, Jennie M. (Brown) 


81 


Lawsou, John 


122,139, 201 


Lawson, John E 


170 


Lavv.son, John K 


...9.5,97,105, 323 


Lawson, Robert 


76.80,207 


Lawsou, S 


97 


Lawson, William C 


84.66,181 


Lay, Rev. Geo. W 


150 


Leacoek. Rev. Benjamin B. 


.D.D....147, 148 



Lee. (General 

Lt-e, Martin L 

Lee, Rev. R. P 

Leech, WiUiam K.. 
Leeper, Joseph M.. 

Leicht, Charles 

Lelcht, John M 

liCfevre, Simon 

Lendrum, Agnes W 
Lendrum, Miss E, S 
Lendrum, George.. 

Lentllhon, W 

Leon, David D 

Leonard, 



215 



PERSONAL INDEX 



Leonard, Hon. Chancey M.. 
98, 105. \T2, 286, 2*7, 288, S3 

Leonard, D. amis 

Leonard, Henry M 



Leonard, Hope (Smith) 

Leonard, James J 

Leonard, Rebecca (Smith). 

Le Roy, Julia E 

Leslie, Augusta 

Leslie, Alexander 

Leslie, S.J 



Levein.L 

Leveridge, Caklass 

Lewis, Dr 

Lewis, Egbert 

Lewis, Kev. Isaac 

Lewis, John N 

Lewis, Captain Stark 

Liboschalu, Maria Johanna. . . 

Llboschain, Susanna 

Llderer, Barou de 

LUburn, Adam 

Lincoln, President Abraham. 
195,209 

Llndley, A.F 

Llndlcv, A. L 

Lipsett, Robert 



LitchfleUI, James A 282 

Little, Andrew 140 

Little, John 70, 125, Ul, IM 

Little, John, Jr I.i5 

Little & Kelly '.ir.. !«:. 135, i:«. 3119 

Livingston, Rev, James lis 

Livingston, James : 128 

Lockstead, George 18 

Lockwood,- 329 

Lockwood, Charles S 84 

Lockwood. David S 7.5, 86 

Lockw 1, |i. s. ,v r_ s 79 

Lockw 1, I-,i,i. N 316 

Lockw I, .l-hii U" 175 

Lockwood. R 125 

Lockwood, Rembrandt 133 

Logan, James J.. .97. 144, 155. 1H9, 255, 287, 283 

Logan, Mary A 287 

Logan, Samuel 256 

Logan, Capt. Samuel R 287, '288 

Logan, Major Samuel 288 

Lomas, John 74, 108, 209 

Lomas, George 146 

Lomas, Joseph 76, 185 

Londergau, Margaret E 313 

Longacre. Rev. Andrew. D. D 125 

Longarn-, .I:imfs r! 125 

Los-sill--, I- I, n ,1 160,181 

Lott ,v 1 l..,l;.l„ 1. 316 

Loudon, .Ml.-. 197 

Loudon, Samuel 34, 35 

LoulsXIV 17,87 

Louvols, 17 

LoveU, A. J 282 

Low, Hon. Henry R 287 

Low, Joseph 262 

Lozier, Samuel 91 

Lundy, Rev.Dr 144 

Ludlow, Capt. Charles 322 

Ludlow, Robert 127 

Lull, Rev. De Loss 125, 139, 151 

Lutorlus, Prof. Charles 149 

Lynch, 323 

Lynch, Bishop 146 

Lynch, Francis 53 

Lynn, William 123, 140 

Lyon, Alfred H 305 

Lyon, Charles H 76,181 

Lyon, JohnL 101,108 

Lyon, Martin 323 

McAlles, Thomas S 151 

McAllister, R. M 140 

McAlplne, 115 

McAuley, John 93, 94 

McBurney, 329 

McBuroey, Mary loi 

McCain, C.C 256 

McCamley, David 168 

McCann.Alex 86,199 

HcCaun, Alexander 74,270 

HcCann, Alexander D 269, 270 



McCann, A. & M. H 270 

McCann, David C 270 

McCann, Henry 69, 84, 170, 280 

McCann, Sarah Caven 270 

McCann, Thomas M 142, 143. 168, 369, 270 

McCarrell, Rev. Joseph, D. D. . . .116, 118, 121, 
123,131,136,137,141,267,302 

McCarey, Charles 22 

MeCarey, Patrick 22 

McCartee, Rev. Robert, D. D 135 

McCartney, Joseph A 97 

McCausland, 328 

McCord, James 63,84, 121 

Mccormick, 327 

McCormick, John 101, 140 

McCoun, Elizabeth 257 

McColm, Eliza (Waring) 66 

McCoun, Henry T i.:>. f.ii. >'■:. liii. Jri7 

McClintock, Rev. Dr. l jr. 

McCloskey, Cardinal :; li; 

McClung, Benjamin,. H^t 

McClung& Deyi> 144 

McCrackeu. Jnlm 91 

McCroskery. H^.ii ,l..liii ,T. s l:;, 47, 74, 75, 



, 79, 84, 119, 



. 181 



. l«l, 



McCuUough, Sarah D. (McCartney) 

McCullough, WUllam 

McCutcheon, D 

cCutcheon, Hugh 97, 105, 328, 

i-Donnell, .John A 



Madden & Fitzgerald. . 

Madison, 

Madison, James 

Magee, John W 

Maher, James 

Mailler, Bartholomew., 

Malller, John 

Mailler, John D 

Mailler, William K.l* 

Mailler. Jlrs. Williiiiii li 
Mailler. Williimi Kt-tili 
Mailler, William K. i t 
MaiUer, William K. & f 
Mailler, William O. 
189, 294, 303 

Mailler, William O. & Co 

Major, Henry 

Maliory & Co 

Maione, J. D., M. D 

Malone, >Irs. John Duhig 

Manchester, A 

Mauderville, Capt. James S 

Mandeviile, Rev, G, H 

Manning, Chattle Louise 

Manning, James 

Manning, Rev. Moses 

Manolt, 

Marison, 

Manz, Rev. Carl C 

Manz, Rev. C. G 

Manz, Cornelia C. (Lutorius) — 
Manz, Maria Catherine (Kraush: 

Mapes, Albert W 

Mapes, C 



170, 173, 181, 
191, 293. 291 



McDowell, John 328 


Mapes, Charles l,",. TC -• , 


McElrath, Charles E 155 


Mapes. Mrs. Charles 


McEntyre, Thomas W 91 


Mapes. Charles H 


McFadden, Agnes 101 


Mapes, Edward .'. :, 


McGahey, 321 


Mapes, George W 


McGahey, Mrs. Owen 154 


Mapes, Helen 


McGilfert & Wands IS, 109 


Mapes, .Tames 


McGiii, WiiUam L 33,36 


Mapes, Lottie E 


McGlynn, Rev. Dr 147 


Mapes, Robert B 


McGregor, John 80 


Mapes, Mrs. Samuel P 


McGrath, Rev. John J 146 


Mapes, Sarah 


McGregor, Gavin R 74 


Mapes & Senior 


McHenr.v, James 234 


Mapes, Sidney 


Mclntvre, 132 


Mapes. Thomas 


Mclntyre, Mark 77,184 


Mapes. William E 136, 


Mcintosh, Phlneas 137 


Mapes, William H 309, 


Mc Jimpsey, Rev. Dr. John 131 


Mapes, William R 


McKay, Alexander 160 


Marcy, Governor 


McKay, W. Johnston I'S 


Marsh, E.l«-.-irdJ.F 


McKenna, Rev. Mr 133 


Marshali, I-'i-i-n,i 


McKim, Mrs. Haslet 154 


Martin. Ann Vcriutd- iMnv.lnl,-! 


McKim, Mead & White 70 


Martin, Cyrus B l.fi. 179. ivj. isi, i«. 


McKlnstry, Stephen 76 


Martin, Isaac 2i.i7. 343. 


McKlssock, C. S 47 


Martin, Isaac M 


McKlssock, Hugh ;,-.. ;i;. 141 


Martin. J 


McKissock, Hon. Thomas W: l.iS 


Martin. J.imes 


McLaren.D. C 131 


Martin, .lohnH 151, 


McLaren, Rev. Malcolm A l:!l 


.Mai-tln, Sanili E 


McLaren, Rev. Malcolm X, D. D ill 


Mai-tiu, William F 


McLaughlin, S. G iii3 


Mai-v.l, li.iijaiiiiu 


McLean, Rev. A 139 


M;irv,,l ,v r,, 


McLean, Arthur A 146,181,189,191 


M,n^.■l, 1- a. :5 247,248.249. 


McMahon, 338 


M,H^rl, 1,^ ,v !■,. 63,223,247. 


McMasters, Susan 1.53 


Mai-Vrl.I-lMM.KlS S.,Jr 




Marvin, Albert D 


McMillan, Rev. Dr 119 


Marvine, Rev. Walter 149, 


McMullin, Rev. S. H 118 


Maslin.B 


McMuUin, S. Hlldeburn 140 


Mason, 


McMulim, Rev. Mr 141 


Mason,F. H 


McNally.JamesJ 217 




McNanghton, J. R 46 


Mason, John A 76, 17S, 1T9, 


McNeal,John 140 


Mason, Rev. Dr. John M 


McQuaid, Bishop 1»1 


Masters, John C 


McTurk, William . 323 


Mast in, 






McWIlllams, Rev. Alexander 142 


Mathews, James H 


Mabie, Jeremiah D 45,209,320 


Matthews, Rev. Jacob 


Macdonald, BenJ. J 176,282,283,284 


Matthews, Elmer E 


MacDougall, Major-General 31, S2, 36. 40 


Matthews, Rev. George 


MacDougall, Sawney 36 

Mace, Benjamin H 185 




Matthews, John W....130. IS2. 288, 389, 


MacOi egoric, Col. Patrick 52 


301 


Machin, Captain S2, 54 


Matthews, (John W.) & Co 


Mackie, Miss 104 


Matthews, J. W. & Co. .255, 288, 2S9, MO, 


Mackin, James 181 


292 


MacLaren, Charles S23 


Mattlson. 


Macnaughtan, Rev. John, D. D 70, 121 


Maubey. Jerome A., M. D 


Macy, Charles B .'. 175 


Maydole, David 



Maydole. (David) Hammer Co 181 

May. Euphemia 101 

Mead. Charles H lb- 
Mead, G. W 326 

Mecklem, George 288 

Mecklem. Mary E 288 

Meehan, J. J 69 

Meginn, Arthur 323. 3H 

Mellor. Henry C 47. 97 

Melrose& Moss 248 

Members, 329 

Mendes, D. P, DeSola 143 

Meredith, Rev, Dr, R. R 150 

Merrill, Nathaniel IM 

Merritt, Daniel 306,307,308 

Merritt, George 306 

Merritt, George H 308 

Merritt, Hiram 307, 308 

Merritt, Humphrey 306, 307 

Merritt, John, Sr 306 

Merritt, Seneca W 45 

Merritt, Theodore 1(B, 189, 306, 307 

Merritt, Theodore A 308 

Merritt, Underhill 306, 307 

Merritt, Gen'l Wesley 179 

Meyer, Arthur M .314 

Meyer.Rev.F. C. A 149, 150 

Meyer. George S 314 

Meyers. Capt. Berthold 46 

Meynders, Burger : 18, 19, 25, 35 

Mickle, Rev. W. H 44. 46. 125 

Middletou, George 147 

Miles, Chri.stopher 91 

■viili-v, ,Tnlni, P, n 125 

V'P -r !, I:. V. .-. \V 145 



Miller, Ji 
Miller, J 
Miller, Johaimi 



. 76, 1 



Miller,MissL 155 

Miller, Mary E 154 

Miller, S 329 

Miller, Hon. Warner 45 

MUler, William 22 

Miller, William C 84.328 

Milligan. Rev. Dr. James 122 

Mills, 338 

Mills, Rev.Dr 129 

Mills, Samuel C 86, 126. 170. 173. 181. 189, 

191,294,295 

Mills, Mrs. S.C 155 

Mills. W. H 46 

MillspauKh, 329 

Miispauith, H 328 

Mlllspaugh, Dr. Peter 87 

Millspaugh, (R.)&Co 213.283 

Mitchell, A S28 

Mitchell, Alice (Trask) 89 

Mitchell, Edgar 126 

Mitchell, EdgarOrmsby 89 

Mitchell, Experience 89 

Mitchell, George R 121,320 

Mitchell, John James, M. D 86, 88. 89 

Mitchell, Rev. John Sheffield 89 

Mitchell, Marion 89 

Mitchell, Philena B. (Rose) 89 

Mitchell, Thomas 89 

Mitchell, William 22 

Moffat, Almet S 178,179 

Moffat, Bethiah Reeder 298 

Moffat, Currence Bostric 398 

Moffat, Daniel C 179 

Moffat, David H 86,298 

Moffat, Juliana H 179 

Moffat, Samuel 298 

Monell, Elvira 159 

Monell, Dr. Gilbert C 109. 172 

Monell, Hon. John J. . .42, 44, 100, 105. 153, 1S9, 

169. 172. 281, sa 

Monell, Mrs. John J 160 

Monell, Mary E 160 

Monell, Mary E. (Smith) 160 

Monell, Samuel 159 

Montfort, R. V. K., M. D 47, 86, 105, 106, 

109, 110, 144, 151, 153 

Montfort, Theodosia B. (Crowell) 109 

Montgomery, JamesB 301 



PERSONAL INDEX 



13 



Montgomery, S. J 

Mooney, Very Rev. Dean 133, 

Moody, Dwight L 152. 268, 

Moore Bartholomew B...45, 75, 105, 175, ] 

296.297 

Moore, David 61, 74. 1?2, 

Moore, pavid) & Co 

Moore, Eugene 

Moore, James 

Moore, John T .75, 

Moore, J. Owen 44 

Moore, Michael 

Morgan, Alexander 76 

Morgan, E 

Morgan, Governor Edwin D 

Morgan, Capt. F. B. S 

Morison, Ale.xander 

Morrell, John 

Morrell, Thomas 

Morris, H. D 

Morris, John E 

Morrison, 328, 

Morrison, David A 

Morrison, Hamilton 

Morrison, John 

Morrison, Maria (Mould) 

Morrison, Mary K. (Lipsett) 

Morrison, Robt 

Morse, George F 

Morse, Miss E. F 

Morton, Bliss & Co 

Morton, Burns & Co 

Morton, Major 

Moscow, Charles E 

Moshier, 

Moshier, Caroline (Tilton) 

Moshier, Elijah 

Moshier, George 76, ai, 130, 

Moshier. George , Jr 

Moshier, Harrison 

Moshier, Howard P 

Moshier, James 323, 

Moshier, John 

Moshier, Mabel 

Moshier, Piatt 

Moshier, Wash 

Mott, Valentine, M.D S6, 

Mould, Christoflel 

Mould, Jonathan 

Muhlemau, Gotleib 

Muir, Munson G 

MuUenneaux, M. H 

Mulliner, A. C 

Mundy, Mr 

Munsell, Joel D 

Munzeuheirner G 

Murray, Capt. John W 

Murray, Rev. Nicholas, D. D 

Murtf eldt, Edward M 

Murtteldt & Krom 

Murtha, 

Muse, Capt. W. S 

Myer, Captain 

Myers, Rev. H. V. S., D. D 

Myers, W. H 

Naoman, 

Napoleon 

Neafie & Levy 

Neill, Hugh 

Nelson, George F 

Nelson, Lieut 

Nestell,G 

Newcomb, Col 

Newman, Dr 

Nichols, Francis E 

Nichols, Henry F., M. D 

Nichols, Moses 

Nicola, Colonel 

Nicoll.H.D 

Nlven, Daniel 

Niveu, Daniel, Jr 

Niven, Hon. Thornton M. . . .121, 157, 169, 

172, 199, 202, 309 

Nixon, Edward 

Nixon, William 69, 97, 176, 

Nolte, Lewis 

Norris, Rev. Richard 

Norseug, 

North, Rev. C. R 

North, S.D 

Northcott, T. C 

Nott, Rev. Dr. EUphalet 

Noyes, Aaron 

Nutt, John J 

Oakley & Davis 26, 27, 



Oakley, Hannah P 

Oakley, Isaac K 

Oakley, Jackson 

Oakley, Jacob 

Oakley, Jesse 

Oakley, Jesse & Co 

Oakley, Lieut. J. K. R 

Oakley, L. & J 

Oakley, Martha 

Oakley, Samuel 

Oakley, Susan 

O'Brien, P 

O'Brien, S 

O'Conor, Charles 

O'Connor, Francis B 

Odell, Hon. Benjamin B..67, C 
111,176, I81,2ai, 324 

Odell, Benjamin B., Jr 1 

Odell, H.B 

Odell, Isaac 

Odell, Mary A 

O'Donovan, William Rudolph 

O'Fari-ell, Bishop 

Ogdeu, James 

Olmstead, 

Olney, Nancy 

Oluey, Stephen 

O'Malley, James E., M. D 

O'Neil, 

O'Reilly, Rev. Edward J 

O'Reilly. Rev. Philip 

Orr, James 

Orr, John 

Ormiston, Rev. William, D. D 

Osbon, Rev. A. M., D. D 1 

Osbon, Rev. Ellas S., D. D 

Osbon, Hattie Curtiss 

Osbon, Nellie 

Osbon, Sade J. (Pliilps) 

Osborn, David A 

Ostrander. S. G 

Ostrander, Linus 

Ostrom, 

Oulton, Michael J 

Oviatt, Lieut.-Col. M. N 

Owen, Maria Gillespie 

Oweu, Nelson 

Owen, Samuel J 

Pack, M. Theresa 



Palmer, Rev. Aaron F 

Palmer, Thomas 

Parish, Mrs. Daniel 

Parker, Dr. Willard 

Parker, Rev. John 

Parmalee & Robinson 

Parmenter, Samuel 

Parsons, Frederick W 

Parsons, Sophia H 

Patterson, 

Patterson, Alex 

Patterson, Brig-General John. 

Patton, Adam 

Patton, James 

Patton, Mrs. William 

Paulsen, 

Payne, Charles 

Peaslee, Dr. E. R 

Peck, Abraham 

Peck, Anna 

Peck, Bros 

Peck, Catharine A 

Peek, Catharine I. (Millard) 

Peek. Charles A 

Peek. Dr. Ellas 

Peck, Elizabeth 

Peck, George 

Peck, George G 

Peck, Jeremiah 

Peck, John E 

Peck, Jonathan C 

Peck, Thomas M 

Peck, Van Dalfsen & Co 

Peck & Van Dalfsen 177, 191 

Peck, William 

Peck, WUliamE 

Peck, W. E. & J, C 

Peirsou Charles H 

Pellieux, Rev. Augustine 

Penny, Josepli 

Penny, Maria 

Penny, Very Rev. William L., 

Perkins, Friend W 

Perkins, George C 



Perry, Rev. Richard 

Peters, George W 

Peters, Wm. T 

Pettingale, Major 

Pettit, Capt. George H 

Petty, Charles E 

Phelan, Rev. Michael J 

Phillips, 

Phillips, Adah H 

Phillips, James H 

Phillips. JohnD 

Phillips, Lomas & Randall. . 

Phillips. Spencer C 

PhUlips, Willard M 

Pingry, Rev. T. F 

Pitts, Elias 

Pitts, Elizabeth (Jamison) . . 
Pitts, Margaret ( Whited). . . . 

Piatt, Isaac 

Piatt, John I 

Platt&Schram 

Platto, Capt. W 

Plettel, Anna Elizabeth 

Plettei, Johannes Jacob 

Piumsted, Charles 

Polhemus, John 

Pollard, Capt. Don Alonzo. . 

Pollock, John M 

Porter, 

Post, Alfred 

Post, Edward Rogers 

Post, James 

Post, Major James Clarence 

Post, John 

Post, Captain John 

Post, John R 

Post, Richard 

Po.st, William R 

Potter, Bishop 

Potter, F. W 

Potter, Right Rev. Horatio . 

Potts, Rev. Arthur 

Powell, Frances E. L 

Powell, George W 

Powell, Louisa A 

Powell, Mary Ludlow 

Powell, Mary 

Powell, Nicholas 

Powell, Ramsdell & Co 

Powell, Robert 

Powell, Robert Ludlow 

Powell, Thomas. . . .'27, 86, 94, 



265, 



Powell, Thomas & Co 

Powell, Col. Willoughby. . . . 

Power, Rev. John T 

Power, Maurice J 

Powers, D. & Sons 

Powers, John 

Powers, ( J. G.) & Co 

Poyer, Henry C 

Presler, William 

Preston, Andrew 

Preston, Viear-Geueral 

Prentice, Rev.E. L 

Price, George F 

Price, Capt. James L 

Price, Stephen 

Priest,JohnW 

Prime, Helen Lefferts 

Prime, Rev. S. Ireneeus 

Prime, Rev. Wendell. D. D . 
181 

Prince, George 

Proudfit, Alexander, D. D . . 

Proudflt, Rev. David L 

Proudfoot, John 

Purdy, Glorianna 

Purdy, John S 

Putney, Kev. RufiisC 

Pm-dy, Thomas W 

Quakeubush, T. s 



PAGE. 

Ramsdell, Homer. ...70, 126, 181, 198,223,227, 

22S, 230, 231, 232, ZU. '262, 267, SOI 

Ramsdell, Homer & Co 228 

Ramsdell. H. Stockbridge 191,231,234 

Ram«.|..ll, Jnm<.« .\. P 189,234 

R.'"'-i'll .l"--(.li 22T 

H.'i- ■' 234 

l::"i ^ ■ "' '■■'■'■ 227 

Kan, -I. •II, M:,r- 227 

Rains.1,11, Mary L. P 234 

Ramsdell. Thomas P 2S4, S2S 

Ramsey. Ann - M im 

Ramstedt. Theo 46 

Rand, A. T 61 

Randall, William lai 

Randolph, Rev, Peter 1;J8 

Rankin, Laura Wolcott 119 

Rankin, Hon. Robert G 119 

Rathbun, Rev. G. A 151) 

Ray, Capt. Jam: 45 

Raymond, J. L 325 

Rea,AndrewD 143 

Reach, 328 

Reed, Commander A. V 45 

Reed, Colonel 35 

Reed, Ruf us A 179, 180 

Reed, Mrs. Walter 199 

Reeder, Emma 153 

Reeve, Captain 322 

Reeve, Charles F. V 100, 101, 105 

Reeve, Christopher 27, 394 

Reeve & Falls .55 

Reeve, James H 1^5 

Reeve, Joseph 94 

Reeve, Nathan 100, 161 

Reeve, Selah 94 

Reeve, S. B 328 

Reid, William 

318, 219 

Reilley, John 

Reiily, Rev. Father 

Remiliard, Abraham B. E 

Remiliard & Co 

Remiliard, Frank P 

Remiliard, Grace E 

Remiliard, Lenora ( Weygant) . . 

Remiliard, Lillian E 

Remiliard, Malvina (Lamontagu 

RemiUard, Minnie M 

Remiliard, Thomas B 

Remington, Wolcott 

Rennan, Heinrich 

Renwick, James 

Rennan, Johanna 

Reveley, Henry 



103, 105, 109, 169, 207, 






Reyn 

Reynolds, J 

Rheutan, Daniel A 

Rheutan, E, H 

Rheutan, Tliomas K 

Rhodes, Capt. George B 

Rhyuders, William 

Richards, 

Riblet, Capt. William H 

Rice, Rev. Gabriel 

Richardson, Ann Maria (Par 

Richardson, John 

Richardson, Mary Ann (Ayei 

Richardson, Nathan H 

Richmond, Theodore 

Rlder,D. C 

Riley, Al 

Riley, George 

Ring, A. Smith 

Ring, Thomas C 100, 105, 

3-2:1, 334, 3-25, 8-28 

Riske, George 

Ritchie, Bodine & Hull 

Ritchie, Frances A 

Rltchie& Hull 



■L. I Kelly 



.129, 179, 181, 182 



Robliiiis. Louis L.. 
Roberts. Stephen. 

Roberts, W. J 

Robertson, W. S. . 

Robinson, ... 

Robinson, Mrs. Chi 



H 



PERSONAL INDEX 



Robinson. Capt. Henry. 
Robiuson, Hugh 



Robinson. Vplentlne 

Rochambeau. General 

RodermouU. Henrietta. . . 

Rodman, Captain 

Rodman. John G 

Rodgers. R 

Kodgers, Lieut. R. P 

Roe, Cadwallader 

Roe, James 

Roe. Mark W 

Roe. T. Hazard 

Roe, William J 

Roe. W. J.. Jr 

Rogers. Captain 

Rogers. Daniel 

Rogers. Daniel T 

Rogers. Captain Elvln. . . . 

Rogers, Heur.v 

Rogers, Jason W 

Rogers, Mrs. John L 

Rogers, MacLeod 

Rogers, Martha (Griffith). 

Rogers. Mary (Brown) 

Rogers. Robert 

Rollins Bros 

Romalne. Rev. W 

Romer& Treniper Steanil: 

Roney. Rev. Moses 

Roosa, Elmer E 

Root. Charles 

Ropes, Col. E. H 

Rose, Johanna 

Rose. Norman 

Rose. Peter 

Rose. Rev. Peter 

Ross. Edward C 

R0SS& Bate 

Ross, George H 

Ross. George H. & E. C . . . 

Ross, George M 

Ross, Henry 

Ross, James L 

Ross, Mary 



Ross, Rev. M. 
Ross, Robert . 



Ross. William 158. 159 

Rosslter & Wright 69 

Root & Shaver 212 

Rothery, Mr 267 

Round & Chatterton 160 

Round. Seward U 160 

Rousseau 118 

Rowland, Sidney S 46 

Roy, James S 279 

Royce, Charles B 74, 84 

Royoe, Dr. William A 113, 206 

Rudolph, Henry 75, 81 

Ruger, Genl. Thomas H 179 

Ruggles, Augustus 106 

Ruggles. Charles 106 

Ruggles, David Golden 106 

Ruble. Elizabeth A S68 

Russell. B. R 145 

Russell & Co 178 

Russell, John B 178 

Ruttenber. Charles B 184 

Ruttenber. Edward M....19. 44. 105. 177, 178, 

179, 183, 184, 199 
Ruttenber, J. W. F... . 
Ruttenber, Matilda A. (Mclntyre). 
Ryan, Daniel 

Ryan & McDonald 

Ryan, Thomas 

HydeU.M 

Ryer, Catharine (Carter) 

Ryer, Henry 

Sabine, Rev. Wm. P 

Sachs. G.M.L 

Sackett. Samuel B 

Sager, Moses H 

Sallmon, Wm. H 

Sampson. Rev. Mr 

Samuels, Wolf 

Sanders, 

Sands, Samuel 

Sands. W.H.B 

Sanford. George A 

Sankey. Ira D 



178.1 



Saylor. Ceesar 

Saylor, John 

Sayres. J. R 

Schaefer, F. J. A 191, 

Scharps. Marcus 

Scharps. Simon A 

Schofleld. General John M 

Schoonmaker. Charles B 

Schoonmaker. John 86. 119. l?i. 173, 

189. 294. 295 

Schoonmaker. Peter 

Schoonmaker. Mills & Weller. . . .152. 295. 

Schoonmaker & Weller 

Schoonmaker, Samuel V 

Schoonmaker, Wallace 

Schermerhoru. Wilmer W 

Schram. N. H 

Schram. Sarah H. (Hallock) 

Schram. William 

Schram (W.) & Co 

Schultz & Crum 191. 

Schultz, Jacob 

Schultz. Jennie (Wheeler) 

Schultz, John L 191. 

Schuneman. Herman 

Schwisser. Anna Catharine 

Schwlsser. Lorentz 

Scofleld. A. F 

Scofleld. Samuel W 

Scott. Major General Wlnfleld ....42. 193 

Scott. David A 105. 161. 161. 

Scott & Drake 

Scott. Francis 76, 84. 86. 

Scott, Henry 

Scott & Hirschberg 

Scott. William 95. 

Scrimgeour. Rev. James 

Seaman. Almlra 

Seaman. George W 318. 

Searle. Rev. Jeremiah 46. 141, 

Searle. Rev. Jeremiah. Sr 

Searle. Margaretta F. (Conover) 

Searle, Mary Tomb 

Searles. Rev. W. N 

Seaverns. John L. . 261. 



Seeger. A. H. F. . . . 

Selleg. D.N 

Senior. Augustus . 



Senior, Sarah C. (Doughty). . 

Senior. William 

Serrlngtou, Rev. Samuel 

Serrlngton, Rev. William . . . 

Service, Rev. John 

Sethbridge, 

Severeuce, M.J 

Seward, Governor Wm. H. 

Seymore, Father 

Seymour, Gov. Horatio 

Seymour, Milton D 

Seymour, T. J 

Shafer. Jesse F 

Shafer, Joseph D 

Shafer, R.P.L 

Shaffer, A 

Shaffer, Rev. J. N 

Shaler, Major-General 

Shannon, William H. . . . 

Shaver. John W 

Sharpe Genl. George H 

Shaw. Charles B I'.ii, v 

Shaw, Charles F 



Shaw. George W 3 

Shaw, Harriet Walsh. . 
Shaw, Henry B., M. D. 






ShefBelil, Ruth 

Sheldon. George H. 
Shelling. Rev. Charl 
Shelton. Thomas B. , 



, 357, 324, 325, ,328 



.Smith, Pauline (Gerecke) . 

Smith, Richard 

Smith. R. J 

Smith. Rev. T. B 

Smith, Thaddeus 

sii.ltli, William 

smith. William 



Sheppard. Col 

Sheridan. General 

Sherman. Cornelia A.(Deyo 
.D.D 



Shuart & Embler 

Shuit. Morgan 

Shumway, Capt. Henry C. . 

Shurter, C. A 

Shutes. Samuel E 

Siglar, Henry W., A. M. . . . . 

Siglar. Mary F. (Burr) 

SUllck, Rev. Bradley 

Sllllman. Rev. Geo. D 

Simonson. Thomas A 

Simpson. Bishop 



218 Sisters 



Simpson. Thomas 

Sipperly. W.A 

Charity 

Sisters of St. Dominic. , 

Skeel. RufusR 

Skidmore. Edwin T 

Skldmore & Bull 

Skidmore. Bull & Co... 



.142. 144 


Smith. W.L 328 


119, 125 


Smith. William P. C 83 


.... 201 


Sneed, George 144 


.... 323 


Sneed.John 207 


.... .32 


Sneed, Joseph A 7.5, 104. 105, 106. 108. 171; 


143 


Sneed & Mathews 108, 191 


.... 88 


Sneeden, Samuel G 331 




Snodgra.ss, Rev.Dr 122 

Snyder. Charles E.. LL. B 45, 76, 110, 111, 


.191.194 


161 


119 


.192.310 


Snyder, Eleanor E. (Roberts) 110 


.... 319 


Snyder. Franks 101 


.219. 319 


Snyder, Hannah R. (Wright) Ill 


.... 174 


Snyder, John 110 


.... 45 


Southard, George H 146 


.... 145 


Southwick, Richard A 172 


. .74. 178 


Spalding, Elizabeth L. (Johnston) 179 


.119.121 


Spalding, John D 179 




Spalding. John W 177 


.... 189 


Spalding. Rev. Joshua 179 


.... 150 


Spaulding. 95 


.... 75 


Speaight. Capt. Wm. A 45 


.... 125 


Speir. Aikman 97 


.... 336 


Speir. Hugh 94,120 


.... 295 


Spence, Rev. J. C 128 


. . . . 46 


Spenser, Mr 194 



Splerin, Rev. George H 

Sprague. Rev. William B 

.Sprole, Rev. William T., D. D . 

Squires. Major Alvin 

Squires. Capt. George B 

Stanhope. Capt. O.S 



Skidmore Mercantile Co 191 

Skidmore. Thomas H 125. 170. 191. SOI 


Stansbury, Rev. A. I 




Skidmore, Thomas H & Son 


301 


Stanbrough, John 


207, 


Slade, George W 


. .281. 282 


Stanbrough, John B 




Sleight. Solomon 


94 


Stanbrough, Peter 




Sloan. Moses 


282 


Stanbrough. Thomas G . 




Sloan. J. T 


. . .. 328 


Stanton. 




Sloat.J.C 


IJO 


Stanton. Clark & Co 


■V.'.'.'.'.V.2Ce'.265. 


Sloat, JohnL 


76 


Stanton. Curtis 




Sly. Catharine 


140 


Stanton. Isaac 




Sly.SarahE 


154 


Stanton. Samuel 


249, 


Small. Rev. J. B 


129 


Stapler. 




Smiley. William E 


. 179, ISO 


Staples. John A 




Smith. 


:j2t) 


St. Clair. 




Smith, Ale-xander & Sons 


35:! 


St. Clair, Maj.Gen'l 


'.''.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'Z.'.k 


Smith. A. C 


. 145. 191 


St. John. Daniel 




Smith. Capt. Alexis C 


45 


St. John. Hon. Daniel B.. 


...in, 173, 174, 


Smith. Alfred C. & Co 


312 


St. John. Miss R.M 




Smith. Arthur 


23 


St. John, Russell 




Smith, Benjamin 22, 2 


4.25.210 


Stearns, Jirah 




Smith, Charles Emory 


181 


Steel. Capt. Henry S 




Sinil li, Cornelius 


129 


Steiner, Rev. J 




Siiiltli, CffueliusC 


172 


Stephenson. Slattliew. M. 


D 


smith, C.& U.J 


227 


Sterling. Asa 




smith, Daniel 


...27.76 


Sterling. James 




Smith. Rev. Dnnlap 


78 


Sterling, Lord 




Smith. E 


329 


Sterling, Richard 


74,75,1 


Smith. Edwin T 75,81 


.238,242 


Sterling, Hon. Robert.... 


74, 77, 78, 79, 84, I 


Smith, Capt. Ed. M 


46 


172, .311 




Smith, Ella 


247 


Sterrlt. L.S 


160,: 


Smith, F.B 


S47 


Stetson. George W 




Smith, George K 


242 


Steuben. Baron 


31,31. 


Smith. Lieut. Col. George Monre . . . 




Stevens. Bettina (Howe)., 




Smith, Dr. Cilhprt 


166 


stev,.iis, E. Crfrry 


191,198,: 


Smltli!H,-..r> 


•_>■,. 


st,.v,.„., HalseyR 


181. 




. -.TJ 


st.vrnsII.R. &Co 





Smith, James 32.24. 95 

Smith. John 46 

Smith, Lewis M.42, 01, 70, 76, 79, 81, 81, 86, 105 

1.30, 152, 167, 169, 175, 176, 235, 237, 238, 241, 

242, 268, 334 

Smith. Lewis M.. Jr 242 

Smith. L.M. & Co 241.255 

Smith. Lieut S5 

Smith. M.C 323 

Smith. Margaret 251 

Smith, Rev. Marshall B 148 

Smith, Major-General 55 

Smith, Nathaniel D 242 

Smith, UrvlUe M 74. 102. 105. 161. 169. 199, 



Stewart. John 

Stewart. Joseph 

Stewart & Sayre 

Stirling, Lord 

Stirling (Lord), Major-General.. 

Stltt, Rev. B. H 

Stivers, Hon. M. D 

Stockbrldge. John 

Stockbrldge, Ruth 

Stocker, Edwaril 4C 

Stocker. William 



PERSONAL INDEX 



stock 


ton. Richard 


193 


Thompson. William. Sr 


139 


Van Cleft. Edwina Storey (Smith) 


209 


Waring, Phebe A. (Moffat) 


79 


Stone, M. C, M. D 


SO. I2n 


Thompson. Williiun 


133 


Van Cleft. Joseph 


. . 189. 203 


Warner. Capt. Joseph 


4S 


Stover, 


»>< 


Thomson. Hon. A. .1 


u 


Vau Cleft. Josephine Storey 


0119 


Waruock. 




Storey, Judge 




Thomson. Prof. Williaiii li 


220 


Van Cleft. Lewis A 


309 


Warreu. 


131 


Storey, Jonas 


!5S 


Thorne.Edwin 


307 


Vau Dalfseu. James T 97. 105. l: 


il. 189. 311 


Warren. William E 


143,144 


Strachan, J.H.R 


47 


Thornton. Helena(DeWitti 


166 


Vauderbilt. Commodore 


69 


Warren! WllUam L. F 


171,321 


Strachan, James S 


ua 


Thornton. Hon. Howard. .. .45. lU 


1. 166. 160, 


Vanderbllt. William H 


zu 


Walsh. Catherine (Armstrong) 


210 


strachan, WiUiamG.... 


76 


1?3. 176 




Vanderveer. Rev. Dauiel 


12-i 


Walsh. Dr.C.J 




Strahan, James L 


IfiO 


Thornton. Jlrs. Howard 


166 


Vanderveer. Rev. F. H 


131 


Walsh. E. A 


190 


strahan & McClung 


160 


Thornton, John 


166 


Vanduzer. Christopher 


106 


Walsh. Edith J 


101 


Strattou, Charles 


144 


Thornton, Matthew 


166 


Van Duzer. Florence 


101 


Walsh. Elizaljeth(L(c vVitu,,,, 


210 


stratton, J. Wllsou 


147 


Thornton, Genl. William A 


166 


VauDuzer.S. R 


...108, 153 


Walsh. Henry 


121 


Straw. Mary (Phalen)... 


20(> 


Thorpe, Mrs. Curtis M 


200 


VanDyck. Henry H 


177 


Walsh. Hugh 3T.l,>iM.> 


1.310.293.294 


Straw, Dr.L.S 


181,206.207,328 


Thurston, Daniel 


22 


Van Etteu. Sol 


46,77 


Walsh, J. De Witt 


..ITl. 173. 310 


Strong, Albert H 


125 


Tice, 


329 


Van Gaasbeck. Rev. D. W. C 


145 


Walsh. John H 


310 


Stroud, Capt. John D . . . . 


45 


Tice, Charles W 


86 


Van Nest. Rev. Abraham R.. Jr. . 


135 


Walsh.JohnJ 


107 


Stubbs, Rev. Nathaniel . 


128 


Tidd.Jonas 


22 


Van Nort, Benj. W 


280 


Walsh. Matthew 




Sutherland, George 


143 


TifFany& Co 


324 


Van Nort, John F 


,84. 86, 307 


Walsh, William 


11*;. 171 


Sutton, Caleb 


94 


Tiffany, Capt. Lyman 


45 


Van Orsdall, James 


101 


Walsh. Rev. William 


..149,1.30,210 


Sutton, D. A 


329 


Tilden, SamuelJ 


174 


Van Reed, Capt. N. E 


45 


Washburn. Rev 


149 


Swain. Charles R 


46 


Tiltord, James A 


288 


Van Sclver. W. H 


46 


Washburn, Crosby Co 


300, .101 


Sweeney. Senan L., M. D 


86,155 


Tilghman. Colonel 


35 


Van Tassell, Louis H 


97 


Washington. George. . .24, 28, 29, 


, 30, 31, 36, 37. 


Sweet, Clayton E 


126. 173. 191. 270. 278 


Tilton. Enoch E 


94 


Van Wyck, Hon. Charles H 


77. 160, 206 


40.41,42.41.48.51,53, 55,56, 


113, 127, 193, 


Sweet. Clinton W 


2711.279 


Titus. Charles T 


76 


Van Zandt, Rev. A. B 


131 


194. 199. 314 




Sweet, Orr & Co. .53. 191, 270. 271, 272. 273. 274. 


Todd, James 


..14:). 176 


Vaux, 


69 


Washington. Rev. John 


128 


276, 27fi. 277. 27S. 2SII 




Tole. Rev. William H 


330 


Vaux, Withers & Co 


173 


Washington. Martha 24, 35, 36, 38, 44 


Sweetzer. J. Howard 


268 


Toohey. John 


249 


Vechten, Rev. Mr 


131 


Waters, Capt. Charles E 


45 


.Swift. Col 


33 


Toohey.JohnP 


. . . . 76. 96 


Veitch, George 


118 


Waters, John H 


138,172 


Swift. Horatio N 


238. 268 


Toohey. Sarah E 


249 


Vermllyea. William M 


1-1 


Waters, Thomas 


22 


Syme. Dr. James 


■«; 


Topping, Alanson O 


91 


Vernol. Isaac 


125 


Watklns.E.W 


151 


Symington, Rev. Dr 


123 


Toshack, David 


53 


Vernol. Lewis 


139 


Watkins. Hezeklah 


19, 22 


Taft. Elizabeth G 


243 


Townsend, Hon. Amos 


45 


Vernol, Lewis C 


....75, 76 


Watson. Capt. William L 


46 


Taggart, Archibald 


121, 185 


Townsend, Mary Augusta (Clark). 


78 


Verplanck. B 


328 


Watts, Solomon 


130 


Taggart. James 


63 


Townsend, Dora M 


101 


Vcrplanck. Gulian C 


33 


Wattson, Rev. Lewis T 


130 


Taggart. James C 


97 


Townsend, George W 46. 166. 171 


Verplanck. J. Delanc,\ 


145 


Wayne. (Jeneral 


83,34,50 


Taggart. William G 

Tallmadge, William 


185. 280 

145 


Townsend, Isaiah 

Townsend, James A 


167 


Verplanck. 31 

Vetter. Dr. Theodore 


328 


Webber, Anna Elizabeth 


18 


105 


Webber, Forson & Ross 




Talmadge. W.T 


46 


Townsend, James A. & Co 


292 


VlUefranche. Major 


30 


Webber, Jacob 


..'.'.'.'.■..18,19 


Tamkln. George 


136 


Townsend, Lewis 


138 


Volck, Andries 


....18. 19 


Webster. Daniel 


106,113 


Tappan, Rev. John 


128 


Townsend, Peter 


52 


Volck, Anna Catharine 


18 


Webster Noah 


192 


Tappen. Justice 


61 


Townsend, T. Powell 


78 


Voltaire 


118 


Webster, Rev. William E 


130,293 


Tarbell, John P 


101, 102 


Townsend. Timothy 


84 


Von Panshin, Alexander 


327 


Weddle, Joseph 


328 


Tarbell. Luther L 


37 


Townsend. William 


86 


Vredenburgh, Levi 


91 


Weed. Charles G 


171 


Tarbell. William 


37 


Traphagen. Benjamin 


220 


Vroomau. Hon. John W 


331 


Weed, Daniel T 


313 


Tarrant, Rev. Henry.... 


150 


Traphagen, Linda C 


381 


Wadsworth. Colonel 


52 


Weed, David 


170 


Taylor, 


328 


Traphagen. Uriah 


133 


Wait. Samuel 


197 


Weed, Deborah (Noyes) 


170 


Taylor. General 


191 


Traphagen. William D 


330 


Wait. Dr. Wesley 


255 


Weed. Elizabeth M. (Goodsell). 


154,171 


Taylor. President 


194 


Traver. Rev. Vau Ness 


145 


Wakeley. Rev. J. B 


145 


Weed. Ella 


171 


Taylor, A. R. & 


293 


Travis. Henry F 


74. 76 


Walker, J.H 


46 


Weed, Frank 


171 


Taylor, Daniel 


53 


Treinper. Jacol> 


76 


Walker. Major 


33 


Weed, Harvey 


115, 151 


TayIor,E. P 


96 


Trustee. Rev. Jacob 


138 


Wallace & Hemingway 


:505 


Weed. Jonathau N. . . . 74. 76. 1(« 


1. no, 189. 191 


Taylor. Florence 


101 


Tuck.EdwardA 


130 


Wallace. Rev. R. Howard 


137 


Weeden. 


:H8. 3-39 


Tayl"r, FredM 


69 


Tucker, John F 46,178.179 


Wallace & Sweet 


177 


Weigand. Anna Catharine 


18 


Taylor, Mrs. Frederick M 


2»4 


Tudor. Henry 


94 


Walsworth, Rev. L. W 


139 


Weigand. Martiu 


23. 25 


Taylor. Hon. Grant B. . . . 


160. US. 160, 191, 327 


Tupper, Colonel 


36 


Waudel. Jacob 


22 


Weigand. Michael 


18.23,66 


Taylor. James W 


61,76, 181 


Turck, Isaac 


IS 


Waudel. John 


22 


Weikert.Rev.S. A 


150 


Taylor. Estate of James. 


191 


Turner.Diah 


-Jla 


Wauds. Anna (Darby) 


109 


Welch. Capt. J. W 


45 


Taylor. Jonathan 


176 


Tm-ner, Rev. Edward 




Wands. George M 


109 


Weller, Adeline (Crist) 


211 


Taylor. P. B.. Jr 


125 


Turner, E. S 69, 70. 151. 152. IS 


(9. 314. 310 


Wands, William S 105. 106. 1 


(18. 109. 139 


Weller.Abram 


280 


Taylor & June 


.■i27 


Turner & Sauford 


. . . 152, 310 


Wansley, 


338 


Weller, Alanson Y 136.17 


3. 355, 294, 295 


Teed, Oscar 


236, 324 


Turner. Shipp & Osborn 


...191,310 


Ward. Charles 


325 


Weller. Elizabeth (Galatlan). . . 


211 


Teed.S. F.,M.D 


86 


Turpin.Rev. N. H 


129 


Ward & Esmond 


191 


Weller, Frank S 


209 


Teller, James L 


181 


Tuthill, Daniel S 


76 


Ward, Capt. Q. S. L 


45 


WeUer.George 


173, 210 


Templeton, James F 


7.3.80,121 


Tuthill. W 


324 


Ward. Gilbert : 


!24. 335. 336 


Weller, George, Sr 


311 


Templeton, Jessie (McGregor) 80 


Tweed, William 


...140.176 


Ward. Hank 


3-33. 3-34, 339 


Weller, George, Jr 


211 


Tennyck. 


823 


Tyler. Captain Bazaliel 


278 


Ward. Henry 


....256,325 


Weller, George S 


79.152 


TenEyck, J 


;H3 


Tyler, Lieut. G. W 


45 


Ward, Jeremiah 


23 


Weller, Hiram 


94 


TenEyck.T 


323 


Tyson. Major W. B 


46 


Ward, John 


323 


Weller, Mary (Dickerson) 


211 


Terpennlng, W. T 


334 


Udall. Hon. James 


194 


Ward. Joshua 355. 356. 33:5. : 


r>4. 325. 326 


Weller, T. A 


305 


Terry.G.L 


68 


Umpleby.J.F 


329 


Ward&Lary 


287 


Weller, William C 


211 


Terry. James W 


101 


Underhlll.G 


339 


Ward & Leonard 


.97.387,388 


Welling, 


144 


TerwiUiger, Aaron 


139 


Underhill, William I 


75 


Ward, Leonard & Co 


,97. 387, 388 


Wells, Albert 


131 


Terwilliger, Josephine. . 


268 


Updegrove, Mary Ann 


266 


Ward&Logan 69, 191, S 


!86, 287, 288 


Wells, C.F 


46 


Terwilljger, William W. 


79.125 


Upright. Elizabeth 


202 


Ward.LutherC 


249 


Wells, Edward 


106 


Terwilliger, Mrs. W.W.. 


156 


Upright. Moses 


140 


Ward. Mackin & Co 


62,287 


Wells. Prof. Edward 


7« 


Thayer, Johns 


105 


Usher. George 


SO 


Ward. Hou. Peter. . . .44. 45. 47, 75, 


97, 105, 140, 


Wells. John H 


331 


Theall. Joseph D 


208 


Usher & Templeton 


SO 


141.161,181. 386.2.S7.28S 




Wells.JohnW 


-300.213 


Theall.Loretta(Purdy)., 


208 


Vail. Walter 


201 


Ward, Rensselaer 


91 


Wells, Sarah 


298 


Theall, Thomas C 


207 


Vail. William 


145 


Ward. Col. Rodney C 


45 


Wentz, James M 54, IJ 


18. 173. 173. 175 


Theall, Mrs. Thomas C. 


207 


Valentine, Clara (Baldwin) 


109 


Ward. Stanton & Co. .2U(i. 347. SIS. 


219,256.262 


Wenzel. Gcwge C 


75.80,268 


Theall, William L 


207 


Valentine, James H 


150 


Ward, Thomas 


22. iS6 


Westcott. Rev. Isaiu- 


130 


Thomas, Rev . Jacob 


128 


Valentine. John H 105, l 


06. 109, 150 


Ward! Thomas L.. M. D 


86 


Westermau. Rev. James 


146 


Thomas, John W 


97 


Vallerie, 


323 


Ward, Warner E. L 


im 


Westervelt . Catharine (Gorham) 107 


Thompson, Rev. Alexander R 141 




85 


Ward. William 


...2,'. :H4 


Westervelt. John L 105. 100. 107, 136 


Thompson, Andrew 


144 




44 


Ward, Rev. William 


146 


Westervelt, Kasparus van.... 


107 


Thompson. Annie L 


156 


Van Benschoten, 


329 


Ward, William H 


SS! 


Westervelt, Lubbertse van. . . . 


107 


Thompson, Rev. Dewitt 


B 145 


VauBuren.Dr 


88 


Ward, William, Jr 


22 


Westlake, George 


1» 


Thompson, Rev. Henry . 




Vau Buren. Jolm D 


....69.105 


WardeU, 


3'29 


Westlake, John 


125 


Thot 


npson Ke^ J R 


IJl. 139. 140 


Vau Buren. President Martin 


...199. 215 


Wardrop, Smith ,4 C 




Westlake, Theodore 


139 


Thot 


npson James R Jr 


101 


Vau Buren. R 


328 


Wartord. Clarence O 


1(11 


Westlake, Walton 


139 


Thor 


npson Right Rev J 


oscphP 138.139 


Vau Cleft. Alberta 


309 


Waring. Charles 


:r3s 


Weston. John 


214 


Tho. 


npsOD M.. Joseph 


P 139 


Van Cleft. Alice 


101 


Waring, Cornelius L 4(;. T6. 


KJi. ic,i. :ai 


Weston. Justlue 


215 


Thoi 


npson Mar\ Pranii 


"slLawsoul 1411 


Van Cleft. Augusta 


209 


Waring, Daniel S 69, 7.5, 76, 79. 1 




Weston, Marv C. (Hornbeck). . 


215 


Thor 


npson Riv N B 


145 


Vau Cleft. Bar(.'lay 


209 


176, 189, 190, 191, 242, 333. .334 




Weston. Ralph 


215 


Thoi 


..PS >„ \s 


14(1 


Van Cleft. Edwin L 


209 


Waring.M.V 


46 


Weston, Wilbur H 


...176.191,214 



1 




i6 



PERSONAL INDEX. 



Weygant, Col. Charles H 45, 

105. 125, 181, 191 
Weygant, Charlotte (Sackett). . 
We.vgant. James 


PAGE. 

65, 66, 67, 75, 

its 

21s 




I-ACIE. 


Wilson.J.E 

WiNon John M 


PAGE. 

329 


Woolley, C.K.,M.D 8 

Woolley. Margaret B. (Fithian), 

Woolsey, Antoinette 

Woolsey, Captain DC 


PAGE. 


Wiggins, William 


u.-. 

rkl 7S 




Wilson, Kate A. (Todd) 

Wilson. Moses 

Wilson. Nlehol.is 

Wilson, Tildon II 

WIN T..^.I 

Wiltsl,-, Arthur V 

Wiltsle, G. Fred 

Wiltsie, John R 1- 

Winans, H. E., M. D 

Winans, Lemuel J 


214 

105, 202 

III. Til. 191 

. -21, 123 

176 

il.-iiil. :;il. 3W 




Wiley. William M 1 

Wilkin S Oott 

Willlanis.C.L 

Williams, George A 

Williams. Right Rev. Jolm . 
Williams. Jonas 

WiUi:,u:-.M,un,.l\,i:.nuhl\v 


223 


Woolsey, Margaret (Carter!. . . . 
Woude. Rev. Henry H 


198 


Wheh,:,, l..l.r, N 




«9 


146 


\\1U|-I..|H , .I..I1II 




■■■■ 'J^ 


Wright, Alexander 


].>j 


\\ hl|i| 1 .1 .,-"'^" 






Wright. Colonel 

Wright. Col. W. W 

Wright (William) Engine Work 

Wright. FrankA 

Wright. Harry 

Wright, Jacob 


46 


wlmlV,-:^:,'.^'u.l ::::::: 




..-ill. :!15 


297 

■.s..Ki.T2. 109 
69, 149 


'^\'"" • ' ■'■" 




' ■ ■ ■ Jl 


Winchester. Col. Loeke W 


45 


ffi9 






327 

.... 177 


Windom, Hon. William 

Wines, Rev. CM 

Winfleld. Hon. Charles H 

Wlnfleld. Elias 

Wi.se. Charles H 


120 

,...44,161, 181 

177 

121 


243 


\\ lute. .Mar^iu-t 






■i\ hited, I^.iae W 


Wright, Nicholas 

Wright, Samuel 

Wright, Wm. .191, 220. 232. 212, 21 

Wright. William & Co 


94 








94,122 




7,258. a™, 260 
lee Ma- 
1,242,247,255 

237 

. 257, 260, 264 

74 

, 172, 189, 191, 

241 




Whitehill Engine and Pictet 
ehiueCo 63,2Si,23f 


,... ,.',,, 


101 


' '245 


Wiseman. J. Seott 


4,1.125 


55 


Whitehill. Hugh 237 


Withers. Frederick C 

Wood, 

Wood, AmosR 

Wood, A. Stanley 


111.144 


W^ - II > 1 . 1 


84 


Wllli.,ln~. \V,ll,:i„i 

Willis, Jaiues, 

Willis, Nathaniel Parker 

Willson, Rev. James R.. D. D. 

177,2(10 
WiLson. 


loe 

52,57,85 

...122,123,159, 

329 

:C5 


W" • . 1 - 1 . • 




Whitehill. Robert. . .69, 74, 79, 98, 

23.1. ■i!T,2:S, 242,247 
Whitehill Smith&Co 


wv^antiwimamjiiiii;::;;;;; 


185 


Wood, Isaac. Jr ;;. ii;. >a. 2 

Wood, John A 

Woo.l.MaryG 


155 

128 


Wynkoop, Gitty 

Xavier, Rev. Henry 

Yates, Edmund 




Wier, Capt. G. V 

Wierman, Catharine 

Wlerman, Mary 




45 

18 


146 


Young, Alexander 


170 


Wiggliia,LeTlO..M.D 

Wiggins, Mary (Cornell) 




89 


Wood.WillkiiiiH 


«I 

125 


Youngblood, G. W 




WIN. .11, U.nvs. 11. II 

Wilson. .Juiuit hail D..Jr 


101 

7(;. 213 

101, 125 


150 


T«" ,„:is. Olive (Jillettl 

WlBKta8.L.Y.,Sl. D 


W 1- Willinn I 






328 


Woodsell, 


128 


Ziegen£uss,Rev.H.L 


150 



.^%^. 



The Phototyi'KS, uk " Half- Tone " Ii.lustk.'VTIons, 

in this book (with three exceptions) 

were furnished by 

THE MATTHEWS-XORTHRUP CO., 

Buffalo, N. Y. 



^ ■■^^#^' ' 



A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE PAST, 



The Palatines — The Story of the Glebe — Early Inhabitants— Building a City. 




X the western bank of the Hudson, where it expands 
into the beautiful bay at the northern portal of the 
Highlands, is the thriving and historic city which is 
our home. Five miles north the river hides its course 
behind the Danskammer ; to the south its waters 
wash the stony foot of old Storm King, and a little 
farther on 

" The moon looks down on old Cro' Nest 
And mellows the shades on his shaggy breast." 

Across the bay the Beacons stand sentinel, with pretty villages at 
their feet; behind us stretch the green, billowy fields of Orange 



spirit thus implanted is manifest in the people of the place to this 
day. 

The present city of Newburgh is included in lands purchased by 
Governor Dongan, of New York, in 16S4, and convej'ed by patent 
ten years later to Captain John Evans. This patent was annulled in 
1699, and that portion of the lands now in whole or in part embraced 
in the city limits \vas subsequently granted in ten separate parcels. 
In the year 16SS, Louvois, the war minister of Louis XIV, in order 
to cripple the enemies of France, gave orders for the devastation of 
the Palatinate, a strip of territory on the middle Rhine, now included 
in Bavaria, Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt, and the states of Rhenish 
Prussia. The French generals, eager to prevent as much suffering 



k: 




««=>■ 


1 


■. "^'^---^W^ 


Mr^ 


i^ 


V '--^ 


if^^jLAf-,, ■' 


1 


-" - . 




^t::?!^-^*^!...--^ 


Ji . 1 . . . ! 




y^: . '"^S^': 


• ^^ 


"VfTv -.T '.t^Si^H 


' ' i 


"•— "'JS.* 


^^.-^■^ 


•^f:^-*"i^gi^.-^'^i 


r-^^ _ * 


1 1 


Hj^^^^^^fe^c^^ "^^^B 


■" "^ 


' "^fll^ 


t -a 


ii^liS^ . .^ 


ik. 


■ ^'H^^ 






^: :■ 



NEWBURGH BAY— LOOKING NORTH FROWl WASHINGTON HEIGHTS. 



County, dotted with farm-houses and scarred by highways; here and 
yonder a village; in the northwest the peaks of the Shawangunks 
and Catskills outlined against the sky. 

Where now the city sits on her several terraces the Waoraneck 
(or Murderer's Creek) Indians had their dominion; on the northern 
spur of the Schunemunk was their stronghold, on the Danskammer 
they assembled to supplicate the Great Spirit. The first white settlers 
of these parts were French Huguenots, Scotch Presbyterians, and 
German husbandmen from the Rhine. Driven from the Old World 
by religious persecution they came to the New, and here, on and near 
the banks of the Hudson, they made a home and worshipped the 
omnipresent God as their conscience moved them. The deep religious 



as possible, gave the people warning of the fate awaiting them. 
Quickly gathering such things as they could carry, the disconsolate 
Germans fled for their lives, and wandered about Europe for some 
years seeking a new home. A party of them went to England, in 
1 70S, and the English Government, which had been for a long time 
debating the wisdom of collecting the poor outcasts from the Palati- 
nate and sending them to America as colonists, concluded to send 
this party to the banks of the Hudson. Queen Anne, greatly inter- 
ested in the fugitives, herself bore the expense of their passage to 
New York, where they landed in the winter of 1708-9. They were 
sent to the vicinity of Quassaick Creek, and ten years later a patent 
was issued to them by the Government for 2,190 acres of land, ex- 

[■7] 



NEWBURGH 



tending along the river-front from the Quassaick to a little stream 
near the Balmville Tree, and westward to about the present line «i 
West Street. They were all followers of Luther and members of the 
Lutheran Church. 



NEWBURGH CEXSUS FOR ]7()9. 



list of the families originally constituting this 



ife, Anna 



The following 
pioneer company: 

1. JOSHU.\ KocKERTH.\L, minister, aged 39; his wife, Sibyle Charlotte, 
their children, three in number. 

2. LORENTZ SCHWISSER, husbandman and vii 
Catharine, and their child, aged 8 years. 

3. HeinRICH RENN-\U, stocking-maker and husbandman, aged 24; his wife, 
Johanna, and their two children, and two sisters of his wife, Susanna and 
Maria Johanna Liboschain, aged 15 and 10 respectively. 

4. AXDRIES VOLCK, husbandman and viner, aged 30; his wife, Anna 
Catharine, and their tour children. 

5. MiCH-iEL Weig.\nd, husbandman, aged 52; his wife, Anna Catharine, and 
their three children. 



to assist them. The government made them a trifling allowance of 
" gd. a day per head," and in the spring of 1710 sent them 
tools and building material, also iron and steel for horseshoes, 
nails, etc., medicines, books, paper, agricultural implements, horses, 
cows and pigs. The Surveyor-general of the province was directed 
to lay out farms for them, but the first sur\-ey (in 1714) was not satis- 
factory to the settlers, who represented that the land being ' ' all up- 
land" they were not able to obtain subsistence for themselves and 
families " for want of some meadow land for fodder for their cattle in 
winter." Finally the tract was diN-ided into nine lots, which were 
numbered from one to nine, each lot containing a suitable quantity 
for each family, to which they were apportioned. 

Before the final allotment changes occurred in the original 
company; some had died, and others had moved elsewhere, and in ap- 
portioning the lands these changes were recognized. The patent 
was finally issued Dec. iS, 1719, and the settlement was called "The 
Palatine Parish by Quassaick." By the terms of the patent, forty 
acres were reserved for highways, and five hundred acres for a 




NEWBURGH— LOOKING 



, aged 30; hi; 



■ite.j 



I Elizabeth, 



i theii 



7. JOH.iXNES J.^iCOB Plettel, aged 40, husbandman and viner; his wife, 
Anna Elizabeth, and their three children. [Mr. Plettel died on the passage 
to America, and his widow married George Lockstead, who arrived afterwards.] 

8. JoH.\x.\ES Fischer, smith and husbandman, aged 27; his wife, Maria 
Barbara, ami their son, aged 2 weeks. 

9. Melcihor Gui.ch, carpenter, aged 39; his wife, Anna Catharine, and their 
two children. 

loi Isaac Turck, husbandman, aged 23, unmarried. 

It. Pi: lER Rose (or La Ross), cloth-weaver, aged 34; and his wife, Johanna, 
Mary Wierman, his mother-in-law, and Catharine, her child, aged 2. 

12. Isaac Feber, husbandman and viner, aged 33; his wife, Catharine, and 
their son Abram, aged 2. 

13. Daxiel Fiere, husbandman, aged 32; his wife, Anna Maria, and their 
two children. 

14. Herman Schuneman, clerk, aged 28, unmarried. 



They were fifty-three in numbe 
brought nothing with them, and 



, all in abject i)overty. They 
left behind no friends able 



Glebe. The first roads laid out were the King's Highway (now 
Liberty Street), exteniiing north and south entirely across the patent, 
and another running westward from the river (now known as 
Broadway); but the latter was not opened till many years later. The 
Glebe is bounded by South Street on the south, and North Street on 
the north. 

In apportioning the land George Lockstead and family received 250 
acres bordering on Quassaick Creek. He had married the widow of 
Johannes Jacob Plettel. Michael AVeigand and family received 250 
acres adjoining on the north, which included the present Washington 
Headquarters building. Herman Schuneman and wife received 100 
acres l\-ing between Washington Street and Broadway. Christian 
Henricke had 100 acres between Broadway and First Street, which is 
the tract referred to hereafter as being the first to bear the name of 
"Ncwburgh." The Rev. Joshua Kockerthal having died, his widow 
and children received 250 acres between First and South Streets. 
Burger Meynders, a blacksmith from Kingston, purchased the interest 
of Peter Rose, and received 100 acres on the north side of North 



NEWBURGH 



19 



street. Jacob Webber, Johannes Fischer and Andries Volck received 
Lots 7, S and 9 respectively; and Melchior Gulch and Peter Johnson 
had previously received (October, 1719,) 300 acres each, lying north of 
the principal tract, in the district now called Jliddlehope. 

Andries Volck and Jacob Webber were the first Trustees of the 
Glebe, charged with administering its affairs for the benefit and 
behoof of a Lutheran minister, for which purpose it was to be leased 
in whole or in parcels for terms not longer than seven years, and to 
be subject to the annual payment to the provincial authorities of one 
peppercorn. A minister from New York made annual visits to the 
parish until 1723, and after 1725 his successor made semi-annual 
visits. 

In the year 1733 Michael Christian Knoll was appointed a minister 
at Quassaick Creek, Wappingers' Creek and Hackensack. He served 
in the Parish of Quassaick three times each year, receiving thirty 
"cheeples" of wheat annually. During his term of service the 
Palatines erected the church afterwards known as the Glebe school- 
house. It stood in the burial-ground in Liberty Street, and its site 



to the eastern portion of the plot between First Street and Broadway, 
which had been sold by Christian Henricke to Governor William 
Burnet, from whom it was purchased by Cadwallader Golden and 
others, comprising a company, and laid out in town lots, about 1730, 
and given the name of the Town of Newburgh Plot, which sub- 
sequently became a considerable hamlet. 

Not only did the new-comers change the civil institutions of the 
settlement, but the religious complexion as well. In 1747, outnum- 
bering the Lutherans, they elected Alexander Golden and Richard 
Albertson trustees of the Glebe, and the latter immediately pre- 
pared to open the church to the ministers of the Church of 
England, one of whom, the Rev. Hezekiah Watkins, being 
even then stationed in the district. On the Sabbath when 
they held their first service in the building some went armed 
with swords and sticks. The Lutheran minister and his flock ap- 
peared at the door and made a public protest, afterwards retiring to 
a private house near by to hold their service. Tradition says the 
Lutherans attempted a forcible ejectment of the occupants, and in the 




FROM FISHK 



is now marked by four posts. Its dimensions, it is said, were 
about twenty (?) feet square, with a roof extending up four sides to a 
little cupola, where hung the bell, the gift of Queen Anne. With 
regard to this bell an aged resident now dead wrote: "It was the 
smartest little bell I ever heard; you could hear it ring clear down to 
Murderer's Creek." The house was of very primitive construction; 
flooring and chimney it had none, save an aperture in the roof through 
which the smoke ascended. 

A CHANGE OF ADMINLSTRATION. 

Some of the settlers, lured by promises of better lands, and more 
intimate association with those of their own nationality, sold their 
farms and moved away; others were laid at rest in the old churchyard, 
and the settlement attracted new-comers, who gradually became 
more numerous than the remnant of the original settlers, till from a 
German settlement the place had passed, in 1743, almost wholly under 
the control of the Scotch-English, and been rechristened with the 
Scotch name of "Newburgh," which at first, however, applied only 



skirmish the door of the church was torn from its hinges, and one 
stalwart Lutheran (said to have been Burger Meynders), was buried 
beneath it as it fell. He escaped with few bruises, and his brave but 
outnumbered companions retreated with woeful countenances from 
the house of prayer they had erected. 

In 1749 a decision of the council of the provinces refusing to set 
aside the election and the acts of the Trustees, practically put an end 
to the Lutheran parish by Quassaick. 

The little bell was taken by night from the cupola and hidden in a 
swamp, where it remained for a number of years. It was again con- 
cealed during the Revolution, and when peace came it was hung m 
the old Academy and used at the assembly of coiu-ts there, as well as 
for church and school purposes. In 1S33 it was sold by the Trustees 
for $21.75, in exchange for the bell now in use.* 



vhich I have 



The old bell weighed 116 pounds, and s< 
which I find, that even the freight charge 
Rutlcnher. 



rhich purports to be the old Glebe bell, 
juch, but which I find to be an error. 
precise are the details of an account 
on it to New York is given.'-jF. M. 



NEWBURGH. 




NEWBURGH 




NEWBURGH 



NEWBURGH DIRECTORY FOR IT.JU. 



In 1750 the resident 
ing: 

Richard Albertson, 
Joseph Albertson, 
Duncan Alexander, 
Isaac Belknap, 
Abel Belknap, 
Henry Bend, 
Isaac Brown, M. D., 
Thomas Brown, 
Alex. Brower, 
Alex. Colden, 
David Conner, 
Edmund Conklin, jr. 
James Denton, 
Samuel Denton, 



real estate and leaseholders were the foUow- 



Jonas Denton, 
Michael Dermott, 
Henry Don, 
Jlorris Fowler, 
Nathan Furman, 
Jonathan Hasbrouck, 
Caklass Leveridge, 
WiUiam Mitchell, 
Robt. Morrison, M.D., 
WilUam Miller, 
Patrick McCary, 
Charles McCary, 
John Morrell, 
Thomas Morrell, 
William Smith, 



James Smith, 
Thaddeus Smith, 
Henry Smith, 
Samuel Sands, 
Daniel Thurston, 
Jonas Tidd, 
Martin Weigand, 
Thomas Waters, 
William Ward, 
WiUiam Ward, jr 
Thomas Ward, 
Jeremiah Ward, 
Jacob Wandel, 
John Wandel. 



The new-comers were mainly members of the English Church. 
Happily, they were energetic, enterprising and intelligent people. 



corner of Broad and Liberty Streets, but afterwards moved to 
Liberty Street opposite Gidney Avenue. Isaac Belknap lived near 
where is now the junction of Colden and Water Streets, and sailed a 
sloop; Richard Albertson was the sheriff of the county (then Ulster). 
The Wards were of Palatine stock by inter-marriage, and ancestors 
of the famous oarsmen, the Ward brothers. The farm h"ing between 
First Street and South was purchased from the widow and family of 
Joshua Kockerthal by James Smith, and eventually descended t' • 
Benjamin Smith, except a piece in the southeast corner now covercl 
in part by " the Square," which was sold to Alexander Colden. 

In 1752 a new patent was issued by the Government, and the 
Glebe lands of " The Parish of Quassaick" were formally transferred 
to Alexander Colden and Richard Albertson, under the title of " The 
Parish of Newburgh," to hold the benefice for the support of a minis- 
ter of the Church of England and a school-master. One of the first 
acts of the new Trustees was to lay out streets through the Glebe, 
namely. South, Clinton, Broad, NicoUs and North, running east and 
west; and Water, Hasbrouck (now Jlontgomery), Seckond (now 
Grand), and Kings (now Liberty), extending between North and 
South Streets, and two unnamed streets extending between Broad 
and North, west of Liberty. South, Broad, Nicoll and North 




L&5L. 



J 



MEWBURGH-FROM 



HE RIVER NEAR SOUT 



and their acquisition was most favorable to the growth of the place. 
Alexander Colden was a son of Lieut.-Gov. Colden, of Coldenham; 
he had been a resident for several years. In 1743 he obtained the 
charter for the Newburgh ferry, by virtue of which the privilege 
is still held. Sail and rowboats were used for the purpose of ferriage, 
and the landing-place was at the foot of First Street. He erected a 
grist mill on the site now occupied by the Newburgh Bleachery, and 
sailed a sloop to New York from his dock at the foot of First Street. 
Monathan Hasbrouck was from the Huguenot settlement at New 
Paltz, and had acquired the possession of a large tract of land, part 
of which is now the Headquarters property. He erected the historic 
building in several parts at different times, .and purchased and 
managed the Colden grist mill. James Denton erected a grist mill at 
Denton's Creek, south of Balmville, and had also a small store. 
Duncan Alexander was the brother of William Alexander, familiarly 
known in the histor)' of the Revolution as Lord Sterling. John 
Morrell, Doctor Jlorrison, William Ward, Henry Bend and Joseph 
Albertson lived on the east side of Liberty Street, north of South ; 
Henry Don lived on the northeast corner of South and Grand 
Streets; WilUam Ward, jr., lived on the cast side of Montgomery 
Street, north of Clinton; Martin Weigand tlien had a tavern at the 



were laid out on the map to the western limits of the Glebe, and 
Clinton only as far west as Liberty, South, Broad and North Streets 
were each two chains wide, and the others each one chain. The land 
was also divided into lots, of one acre each, making six lots in each 
square. 

The trustees also established a public landing at the foot of North 
Street, held agricultural fairs, took temporal charge of the church, 
erected a parsonage, and a residence and schoolhouse combined for 
the school-master, and did other ennobling work which contributed to 
the growth and prosperity of the place. The parsonage stood on the 
■'west side of the King's Highway (Liberty Street),^" north of Gidney 
"^Avenue. It had a single story and attic and a portico, and was about 
thirty-five feet square. There Hezckiah Watkins, the first resident 
English clergyman, lived. It eventually became a tenement house. 
The school-master's house was also on the west side of Liberty Street 
near CHnton. 

In 1762 Newburgh was set off from the precinct of the Highlands, 
and made a precinct by itself. The records of the town of New- 
burgh date from the following year, when the citizens met at the 
house of Jonathan Hasbrouck (Washington's Headquarters), and 
elected the precinct officials. Newburgh then included the present 



NEWBURGH 



23 



towns of Marlborough and Plattekill, which ten years later were in- 
corporated as the Town of New Marlborough, leaving Newburgh 
with its present bounds. 

The hamlet on the Glebe in 1776 comprised less than a score 
of houses. Three boats owned in the town made trips to New 
York, and "people from the back parts of the country" brought 
their produce to Newburgh for shipment. The first tavern was 
erected by Martin Wygant (or Weigand), a grandson of Michael 
Weigand, one of the original settlers, on the north side of Broad 
Street, near Liberty. During one period of the Revolution General 
Wajme had his headquarters at Martin Weigand's house, then on 
Liberty Street, opposite Gidney Avenue, and there, also, the towns- 
people often met to transact public business. 

Many miUs were built on the creeks in the vicinity — on Quassaick 
Creek, Tent Stone ileadow Creek and Fostertown Creek, among 
others. Hamlets grew up near these mills, and at some places there 



1775) in the southern district of Ulster County, of which Jonathan 
Hasbrouck, of Newburgh, was Colonel^ Two companies were 
organized for this regiment in Newburgh, the first commanded by 
Samuel Clark and the second by Arthur Smith. In December follow- 
ing a regiment of minute men was organized with Thomas Palmer, 
of Newburgh, as Colonel. In the Summer of 1776 the convention di- 
rected the general committee of the county to organize three companies 
{201 men) of rangers, to be employed ' ' as scouting parties to range the 

, woods " and prevent attacks by the Indians. Of one of the compa- 
nies Isaac Belknap, of Newburgh, was appointed captain. In addition 

-to these regiments and companies, the committee of safety was 
constantly engaged in promoting enlistments. Even the aged were 
not exempt from duty, and "those who under ordinary circumstances 
would be exempts," were asked (in 1778) to form companies to repel 
invasions and suppress insurrections; and a company of that kind was 
formed, of which Samuel Edmonds was captain. Martin Weigand's 




NEWBURGH FROM THE RIVER NEAR FIFTH STREET. 



was a smith's shop, and, also, that Noah's ark of commerce, a 
country store. The poprdation at Balmville became fully as large as 
that on the Glebe. 

The results of all these years of pioneer labor were exhibited in 
many well cultivated farms, and in the substantial dwellings that had 
supplanted the rude log cabins. The lumber business of the town 
became important, and large quantities of ship-timber, planks and 
staves were forwarded to market, the pubhc landing at North Street 
being almost exclusively used for this purpose. Shipyards were 
established, and Newburgh ships engaged in the Liverpool trade, 
smaller vessels running to points on the coast and to the West In- 
dies. In colonial days Newburgh was also a whaling town of some 
importance. 

THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 

Newburgh's historic record is indissolubly bound up with that of 
the great struggle for freedom from foreign dominion, and the city 
has within its limits relics and memories of those times when the 
terrors of the war tried men's souls to the uttermost, and when the 
village acquired a distinction that will cling as long as the nation 
shall endure. The Precinct of Newburgh had its own com- 
mittee of safety, responsible at first to the general committee at the 
City of New York, and subsequently recognized by the provincial 
committee of safety, and invested with the control of the minute men 
and the duties of local administration. A regiment was formed (June, 



regiment " upon 



tavern was the rendezvous for Colonel Hasbrouck'; 
any proper alarm." 

How frequently the militia of Newburgh was called out is shown 
by the following return made of the service of Colonel Hasbrouck's 
regiment : 

t Ramapo . . . 



July, 
Aug. 



1776. .Alarm and 

1777-. 



at Fort Montgomery. 



Peekskill 250 •' 

; Fort Montgomery. .460 " 



at Fort Constitution.. 200 " ..1 
at Burning of Esopus. 460 '* ..3 

at New Windsor 120 " ..4 

April, 1778.. " " at West Point 420 " ., 

A depot of stores, which was established in the precinct in 1777, 
was maintained until peace came, the people often being called upon 
to collect the stores needed by the army, and to transport them to 
other points; the place was made a general rendezvous for troops, and 
the billeting of soldiers on the inhabitants was of frequent occurrence. 
It is true that the precinct escaped direct devastation by the British ; 
even the vessels of the Crown did but little injury when they 
voyaged up the Hudson in the fall of 1777, but manj' of the men 
of the neighborhood were killed or taken prisoners in the gallant, 
though hopeless, defense of the forts in the Highlands. 



24 



NEWBURGH. 



In those days Newburgh had but few opened streets, the principal 
one being the King's Highway, along which were scattered a few 
odd-looking brown houses, the old church, the parsonage and 
schoolhouse. Broad Street extended only a short distance below 
Grand. jThe road to the ferry ran across Jonathan Hasbrouck's farm 
and the Colden plot, from Hasbrouck's grist mill on Quassaick Creek, 
to near the corner of Qolden and First Streets, and then circled around 
the hill to the river. )There was a public dock there. When the 
army came the lower'part of the Smith farm was occupied by store- 
houses and barracks for soldiers. (These buildings were used after 
the war for business purposes.) The Colden road was then extended 
to where is now Third Street. After the extension of this road the 
ferry ran from a place immediately north of where Mailler's dock now 
is. The Government built a dock, in the early part of the war, at the 
foot of Third Street (and subsequently another at Fourth Street), and 
a road was laid out from the docks and arm}' buildings diagonally up 
the hill to a junction with South Street, about opposite where is now 
the First Baptist Church. Water Street was not completely opened 
till the Newburgh and Sullivan turnpike was established. 

There were seventeen houses in all on the Glebe (since known as 
" Old Town"), and four at Colden's Gore, the name given to the inter- 



was killed. Except as prisoners, no British soldiers were seen in the 
vicinity afterward. 

r One who was a resident of the village during the war left on 
Vecord the following : " The appearance of General Washington was 
familiar to me. He seemed different from anyone else. He was of 
a commanding form, and had a kind, calm and majestic countenance ; 
a splendid rider, and we boys reverenced him, and extended a due 
share of our respect to his horse and servant Will, a handsome 
black, somewhat in years. The General rode a bay horse, and his 
servant rode behind on a brown horse. Mrs. Washington was short 
and stout. I thought she was homely and could never have been a 
handsome woman. The Headquarters house had a post and rail 
fence around it, and an orchard on the west side ; a large barn and 
monstrous hay barracks stood southwest of the house. The Life 
Guards used to parade in the dooryard west of the house : they were 
a fine body of men, every one six feet and over in height. "J 

The Charter of the Glebe was complied with down to 1793, the 
Protestant Episcopal Church having been recognized as the legal re- 
cipient of the benefits of the Glebe. Probably the succession of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church would have continued to the present 
time had not that church ceased to exist on the German patent. 




NEWBURGH^FROM THE RIVER NEAR THIRD STREET. 



section of Water and Colden Streets, one of these being Capt. Isaac 
Belknap's and another Alex. Colden's, At the south end of the ICing's 
Highway was the Hasbrouck house^) James Smith had a residence 
in Smith Street, east side, near Second. Benjamin Smith, who became 
the owner of the Smith farm (lying between First and South Streets), 
lived in Liberty Street, corner of Campbell. The hillsides were cov- 
ered with orchards. A strip of land along the river from Barclay 
Street to North was called the Dismal Swamp, and was covered 
with a dense and unbroken thicket. Ship-building was an important 
industry before and after the war. 

During the Revolution the life and drum were heard almost con- 
stantly in the streets. When the British sailed up the river to burn 
Kingston, after the capture of the forts in the Highlands, October 6, 
1777, Newburgh people hid their valuables in the woods. Almost 
all the male portion of the population had gone to the defense of the 
forts. The approach of the fleet was made known by the kindling of 
fires on the mountain tops. Here and there independent bodies of 
men assembled on the shore, and fired at the ships as they passed. 
Many shots were fired at the village, and the women and children 
hid in the cellars. On the 23d the ships passed down the river, and 
again fired on the village. One man on the ferryboat (a periagua) 



From 1793 to 1S15 there was no regular minister, and nothing but a 
temporary church organization. 

The absence of a legal ecclesiastical beneficiarj', and other reasons, 
led the inhabitants in 1S03 to obtain a legislative enactment provid- 
ing that the income of the Glebe be divided between the Newburgh 
Academy and such other schools as then existed, or might thereafter 
exist, on the Glebe. In 1S05 an effort was made in the courts to 
regain the land, but it failed. 

Created and endowed by the English Government long before the 
conception of independence, or the establishment of our system of 
titles to lands, preserved inviolate by the laws of the colony and con- 
stitution of the State, the Glebe instituted an Academy which 
served this community nearly a century, and in 1886, by the consoli- 
dation of its capital and conversion of its leases, it paid nearly half of 
the cost of the new Academy building. In 18S4 an act of the Leg^is- 
lature was passed authorizing the trustees, on certain payments 
being made, to commute the rents and release the property from 
further charge; and the original tract has all been released with the 
exception of a comparatively few lots. 

An old gentleman, born in Newburgh before the Revolution, left the 
following reminiscence : ' ' The old story of the seizure of the Palatine 



NEWBURGH 



25 



Church, and carrying oflf the bell, 
years ago. It was always said it 



heard repeated a great many 
as Burger JMeynders who was 
buried under the falling door during the fracas. /Meynders then own- 
ed the Headquarters property, and I always untierstood he built the 
oldest part of the houss-J< The church was used as a blacksmith-shop 
by Morgan Cole before it was fitted up as a schoolhouse. Once 
during the war soldiers stabled their horses in it. After the war 
Martin Weigand, who had a deep regard for the old church, suggest- 
ed that it be repaired. The project was agreed to by others, and 
the repairs were made. After that the Methodists, and preachers of 
other denominations, conducted services there." 



" 'Twas a low t)uilding reared by pious hands 

'Midst the deep foliage of the darksome wood; 

Poor was its state, and many years had told 
Their passing seasons o'er its humble roof; 
Relentless time had grasped the lowly gate, 

And crumbling dust bespoke its fearful might. 

The mouldering doorway and the falling walls, 
The creaking pulpit and its aged cloth. 
The glassless frames, the time-worn sacred book. 

The worn-out seats, and the cold, forsaken aisle. 

Seemed in the dimness of the evening shade 
The fearful relics of departed years. 
Untouched of earth and sacred made to Heaven." 

LAYING OUT THE CITY. 
Notwithstanding the hardships and sacrifices imposed on the 
people by the war, the growth of the town was rapid both during 



Newburgh plot had been opened by Cadwallader Colden previous to 
1730, and was located between First Street and what is now Broad- 
way (though the latter street was not opened till 1801). It was the 
first plot to bear the name of Newburgh. 

Until 1790 the village was a disjointed settlement. The three 
township plots of which it was composed had no connection, except 
through Liberty Street and a few " cross-lot" roads. South, North, 
Nicoll, Clinton, Water, Montgomeiy and Grand (on the Glebe) 
existed mainly on paper; while High Street and the road described 
as running diagonally across the plot, were, (with the exception of 
Liberty Street) the only opened roads in the Town of Newburgh 
plot. None of the lateral streets intersected each other till 1790, 
when the road commissioners accepted the dedications that had been 
made, and took the task in hand of joining together the streets of the 
three distinct original divisions of the present city. An angle was 
unavoidably formed in Water Street at the junction of Colden, at 
High and Smith, and at Montgomery and Hasbrouck (now called 
Hudson Terrace), and the citizens thus have a perpetual memorial of 
the Township of Newburgh, the Township of Washington and the 
Glebe. South Street, the dividing line between the Glebe and the 
Township of Washington, was originally laid out from the river 
directly west to the west bounds of the patent, and was at first 
opened from Liberty Street to the river. West of Liberty Street its 
course was subsequently changed, by order of the trustees, because 
the western end, as originally laid out, " running through wet ground 
and over a high hill" was "impracticable," and it was agreed to 




THE 



IGHLANDS— FROM NEAR DOWNING PARK, 



and immediately after that period. With the disbandment of the 
army the precinct received an increase of population, some of those 
who at last laid down the sword resuming civil pursuits here. There 
was also a considerable addition of families who had fled from New 
York City upon its capture by the British. Hitherto New Windsor 
(through the Ellisons) had mainly absorbed the commercial business 
of the district. In 17S2 Benjamin Smith laid out in streets and lots 
that part of his farm lying east of Montgomery Street, and between 
First and South Streets. The streets were named Montgomery, 
Smith and Water, and First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and 
South. To this plot he gave the name of the Township of Wash- 
ington, But it was never popularly known by that name, and if so 
the name is now lost and forgotten, and is only found on the original 
map and the few old deeds that continue to retain the record of its 
birth and death. 

These lots were rapidly taken up, as well as the adjoining lots on 
the Glebe, and in the Township of Newburgh. The " Old Town " of 



allow the road to follow the course now known as Gidney Avenue 
' ' from opposite JIartin Weigand's to the northward of a piece of 
swamp land adjoining said high hills." 

In 1790 the population of the town was 2,365. In 1797 the village 
had grown so large that it was considered advisable to organize a fire 
department, and for this purpose a law was passed by the Legislature 
directing the election of Trustees of the Fire Company of the Village 
of Newburgh. The limits of the village defined by this act included 
that portion of the original patent south of an east and west line 
running six rods north of the Academy, and east of Liberty Street. 

Other events of the concluding years of the century were the 
erection of the Academy, the founding of the first Presbyterian 
church, the Methodist Episcopal classes in 17S6, and the Associate 
Reformed in 1797. The first newspaper, the A'ewbiirg/i Packf/. 
was published in 1795. The Newburgh post-office was established in 
1705- 



26 



NEWBURGH 



The village threw off the town title and was incorporated in iSoo, 
being the third incorporated village in the State. Charles Clinton 
was the first president. The next j'ear the Ne-wburgh and Cochecton 
Turnpike Company was incorporated with a capital of $125,000. 
Both were measures largely influencing the prosperity of the place — 
the one giving local government, and the other, by opening a new 
route of travel to the west, brought a trade which had previously 
reached the Hudson at New Windsor. Up to that time all roads to 
Xewburgh were of the character of cross roads. 

The turnpike was of incalculable benefit to Newburgh, as it open- 
ed an avenue of trade extending many miles into the interior, and 
eventually by it the product of a vast region of country was brought 
here for shipment to New York. The effect was magical. New 
Windsor was speedily shorn of its supremacy and its merchants 
removed their business to Newburgh. Within the next few years the 
town made great strides in prosperity, and an unprecedented spirit of 
public and private enterprise was manifested. Other roads followed — 
the Newburgh and New Windsor in 1808, connecting at New Windsor 



Newburgh's extensive trade with the interior of the State was 
due to Its location on tide-water, and, consequently, its facilities 
for shipping. It was the first shipping point of consequence on the 
west bank of the river north of New York. The Highlands, Pali- 
sades and other mountain ranges were a natural barrier to easy 
access to the river south of Newburgh, and, as we have said before, 
Newburgh was the natural outlet for the trade of a vast section of 
country before the daj'S of railroads and canals. The transporta- 
tion business was consequently the most important in the town. 
Docks and storehouses lined the water-front. The first dock was 
built about 1731 by the proprietors of the Town of Newburgh Plot, 
and was afterwards known as Colden's dock. It was near the 
foot of First Street. Colonel Jonathan Hasbrouck built a small dock 
and storehouse, afterwards known as the Old Red Storehouse, on 
his property just below the Headquarters, for the purpose of ship- 
ping grain and receiving flour. During the Revolution the Conti- 
nental Dock, at the foot of Third Street, was built for military pur- 
poses. North of it was an enclosure for cattle and a slaughter-house, 




DUBOIS STREET— LOOKING SOUTH FROM FIRST STREET. 



with the turnpike to Monroe; the Newburgh and Sullivan County in 
iSio, and the Newburgh and Plattekill in 1812. Water works were 
built, docks erected, and new freighting and passenger lines estab- 
lished. The Newburgh Bank commenced business, and many public 
and private improvements were made. 

In 1810 the population of the town of Newburgh was 4,627, an 
increase of 1,369 in ten years, In 1814 the population of the 7'illagc 
alone was 2,323. 

As the new turnpikes were opened the trade of the village was 
extended in many directions, and a very considerable portion of the 
trade of the southern tier of counties of this State, and of northern 
New Jersey and Pennsylvania, found here its natural mart. 

In 1819 the trade had spread as far west as Canandaigua, with 
which place Newburgh was connected by passenger coaches and 
freight wagons. In that year a company, that was aided largely 
by Newburgh capital, built on Cayuga Lake a steamboat, which con- 
nected the Newburgh stage lines with Ithaca, the whole journey be- 
ing made in two days. This line of travel was subsequently (in 1834), 
extended to Buffalo, and was the shortest and most expeditious route 
from the Hudson River to the Western country. From 1S20 to 1S30 
the Newburgh Bank had a liranch in Ithaca. 



etc. During the year that peace was proclaimed another was built 
at the foot of Fourth Street, afterwards known as Oakley & Davis's, 
also a storehouse for provisions for the army. After the close of the 
war David Howell built a dock near the foot of Second Street. Then 
came Walsh's dock, now Mailler's, and then the dock of Jacob and 
Leonard Carpenter (now owned by The Homer Ramsdell Transporta- 
tion Compan)-)- John Anderson built a dock south of Third Street, 
and there were others. It would be impossible to locate the old docks 
precisely from present landmarks. The army buildings appear to 
have been the first storehouses. Many of the docks were west of 
what is now Front Street (which was opened in 1S33), and the old 
storehouses were nearly on the present east line of Water Street. 
After the war Major Pettingale established what was called Pettin- 
gale's Landing, near the foot of North Street, which was then a good 
road. Large quantities of ship timber, staves and shingles were 
sent off from this landing. 

Major Isaac Belknap sailed a sloop prior to the Revolution from 
Colden's Dock, and frequently made trips to the West Indies. Will- 
iam Harding, Richard Buckingham and Lewis Clark sailed sloops 
before the war. These vessels were frequently in the public service, 
and just before the British sailed up the river they were sent to 



NEWBURGH 



27 



Albany to carry troops to reinforce General Gates, and thus es- 
caped destruction by the British men-of-war. They were built at 
Albany, of red cedar, and after the Dutch model. During the Rev- 
olution the boating business was of course suspended, and though 
resumed at the close of the war, was not engaged in extensively till 
after 1790. 

As early as 179S there were four lines of sloops. Caleb Coffin 
sailed George Gardner's sloop on alternate Fridays. Daniel Smith 
and William Wilson, owners, Daniel Smith, master, sailed the sloop 
Morning Star from Daniel Smith's dock on alternate Fridays. 
John Anderson sailed the sloop Eliza on alternate Tuesdays. Derrick 
Ammerman sailed the sloop Ceres, owned by Hugh Walsh, from 
Hugh Walsh's dock. Until 1S30 the business was continued by 
means of sloops. In 1S30 Mr. Christopher Reeve purchased the 
steamer Baltimore, and a half interest was soon afterward sold to D. 
Crawford & Co., the steamer making alternate trips from Reeve's 
dock and from Crawford's. Benjamin Carpenter, not to be out-done, 
had built at Low Point the same year a steamboat called the William 
Young, which commenced its trips in September. Other freighters 



when the streets leading to the docks were frequently blocked for 
hours with farmers' loaded wagons, coming in long processions to 
unload their contents on the wharves, and then to be re-laden with 
supplies for the household and farm. 

But the completion of the Erie Canal, diverted most of this 
great trade through other channels, and on the night when the 
waters of Lake Erie mingled with those of the Atlantic in the harbor 
of New York, with beacon fires blazing on the headlands along the 
Hudson, Newburgh rolled up and laid away its map of the Southern 
Tier. Considerable travel by stage coach continued until the opening 
of railroads through the center of the State, and a large trade remained 
with the southeastern portion of this State, and neighboring portions 
of New Jersey and Penns^dvania; but the Delaware & Hudson Canal 
at length penetrated this region and cut off another source of wealth. 
Efforts were made to repair the loss thus sustained by the organiza- 
tion of a company to engage in whale fishing, and by endeavoring to 
secure the establishment here of a government navy-ynTd. The 
former enterprise, however, met with limited success, and the 
proposal to establish a navv-yard did not receive the favor of the 




GRAND STREET-LOOKING SOUTH FROM THIRD STREET. 



immediately built or purchased steamboats. Oakley & Davis put 
on their Une (in 1S32) the Providence, and D. Crawford & Co. (in 1833) 
built the Washington, and after purchasing Mr. Reeve's interest in 
the Baltimore, ran both boats. In 1S35 the Baltimore was put on the 
Albany and Newburgh route. The Messrs. Reeve had in the mean- 
time supplied the place of the Baltimore with the steamer Legislator. 
The Washington was the best boat in the trade, and Mr. Carpenter 
built in 1S35 the James Madison, a superior boat to the Washington; 
she was the first beam-engine steamer in the trade. During the same 
year Oakley & Davis changed the Providence for the Superior, and 
Mr. Thomas Powell, who had been in retirement for several years, 
now again entered the list of competitors and built the famous 
steamer Highlander. The Thomas Powell was the best steamboat 
built for the Newburgh trade, and was put on the route in 1846, leav- 
ing Newburgh in the morning, and returning in the evening. On the 
i6th of July of that year she made the trip from New York to New- 
burgh m two hours and forty minutes actual running time. 

The number of firms and vessels engaged in the transportation 
business exhibits the magnitude of Newburgh's trade in those days, 



Government. The construction of the Erie Railroad from Goshen to 
Piermont, and its subsequent extension in other directions, took away 
the last vestige of the ancient trade of Newburgh, and the old stage 
coaches and the long lines of farmers' wagons, with their stores of 
butter and pork, became but a memory. 



But another change has come; a new era has dawned; the tidal 
wave of prosperity that swept over the village a hundred years ago 
has returned. The old turnpikes have been paralleled with railroads, 
stretching to us from every direction; and the river, too, gives com- 
munication with the Atlantic coast and all the world. Many manu- 
factories are springing up within otir bounds, and the year 1S91 finds 
us the most thriving city on the Hudson, with citizens full of the spirit 
of public enterprise, with public institutions comparatively un- 
equalled, and with apparently every factor and requisite to ensure its 
bright future as a manufacturing and commercial city of importance. 



NEWBURGH 




3E0RGE WASHINGTON 



HEADQUARTERS OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF 
OF THE CONTINENTAL ARMY. 



The Last Cantonment — Washington at New Windsor -The Public Build- 
ing — No King But God — Mutiny Quelled — The Cincinnati — 
Dissolution of the Army. 



^ Sacred is this mansion hoary; 

'Neath the roof-tree yeai's ago, 
Dwelt the father of our glory, 

He whose name appalled the foe , 
Greater honor 

Home nor hearth can never know. 




a commanding eminence on the west bank of the 
Hudson, overlooking the beautiful bay of Newburgh, 
and taking within its range all the grandeur of the 
water and mountain scenery for which the region is 
famed, there stands an ancient dwelling. It is a hal- 
lowed place, a casket of precious memories, an impres- 
sive orator. 

Stand here on the old piazza, where Washington often sat in 
meditation, and see yonder through the portal of the Highlands 
West Point enthroned among the mountains, the Gibraltar of the 
Revolution; Pollopel's Island, which during the latter part of the war 
was a military prison, lifts its bald head out of the waters of the baj' 
at your feet; the beacon summits of the mountains where the watch- 
fires blazed, the camp grounds in the woods of New Windsor, the 
sites of the public building, barracks, storehouses and hospital of 
our army, the headquarters of the generals — all are within short 
distances from this sacred spot, j 

Under this low-descending roof Washington made his headquarters 
and his family their home during the latter part of the war for 
independence; and in and about this place were enacted scenes and 
events of such vital and thrilling nature that the)' shall never be for- 
gotten while love of country is a characteristic of American manhood. 
At two periods previously the headquarters of the commander-in- 
chief were at the little village of New Windsor, only two miles south. 
Commencing with the campaign of 1777, the region in which are 
West Point, Newburgh and Fishkill was an arena of almost constant 
military activity. Fishkill village was long the principal depot of the 
American army. There they placed their chief magazines,* their 
hospitals and their workshops, which formed a town of themselves, 
besides a military prison, and "handsome large barracks " built in the 
wood at the foot of the mountain. It was clear that the plan of the 
British was to render themselves masters of the whole course of the 
Hudson River, thus separating the States east of it from those west, 
and subdue each section in turn. West Point was, therefore, made 
choice of as the most important place to fortify, and Fishkill, and 
subsequently Newburgh also, on either side of the river, as the places 



best adapted for the principal depots of supplies. A dock (called the 
Continental Dock) was built for military purposes at Newburgh, and 
in its neighborhood were some of the army buildings. 

One who saw West Point in 17S0 wrote: " Lifting your eyes you 
beheld on every side lofty summits thick set with redoubts and bat- 
teries, and from the fort proper at West Point, which is on the edge 
of the river, to the top of the mountain are six different forts, all in 
the form of an amphitheatre, and protecting each other." 

As an additional security, an iron chain of immense strength was 
thrown across at the short bend of the river, and fixed to huge blocks 
on each shore. It was buoyed up by very large logs, about six- 
teen feet long, pointed at the ends to lessen their opposition to the 
force of the current at flood and ebb tide. The logs were placed a 
short distance from each other, the chain carried over them, and 
made fast to each by staples.* There were also a number of anchors 
dropped at proper distances, with cables made fast to the chain, to 
give it greater stability. The New England colonies were the prin- 
cipal source of the supplies and material for carrying on the war, and 
as the British occupied New York and patrolled the Hudson up to 
the Highlands, the ferry between Fishkill and Newburgh was the 
connecting link between the two sections of country. Loaded teams 
were constantly arriving at the former place, and when the army was 
in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, were ferried across the river, and 
took their tedious way back of the Highlands till they reached their 
destination. This was the door of communication ; West Point was 
the key that locked it, and of all the posts in the United States Wash- 
ington deemed it the most important. From September, i77S,f until 
the close of the war the " main " Continental army was almost con- 
stantl)' in the Plighlands or in their vicinity. 

On June 25, 1779, General AVashington estabHshed his head- 
quarters at New Windsor village. He remained there till July 22, 
and then took up his headquarters at West Point. The main army 
was then posted at West Point, Constitution Island, Fishkill, New 
Windsor, Ft. Montgomery, and Smith's Clove, fourteen miles south- 
west of West Point. While at New Windsor Washington planned 



. large qua; 



s time, (January, 1782), nine or ten thousand stani 
ty of powder, brought from France by Colonel 
iost.m to Fishkill.' -Major-Gem-ral fh-ath's Mem 



See Illustration on Page 31. 

" The grand army under General Washii 



30 



NEWBURGH 



the attack on Stony Point, which Waj-ne carried out so successfully. 
He left West Point in November, spent the winter in Morristown, 
and came again to New Windsor Dec. 6, 17S0. 

Here he spent the wmter of i78o-'8i, near his stronghold, watching 
through his secret service the doings of the British on the lower Hudson. 
His headquarters were in the Thomas Ellison house, on the hill imme- 
diately south of the village. The main army was separated into 
several cantonments. There was a large force at W^est Point, 
including four Massachusetts brigades; two Connecticut brigades 
were on the opposite side of the river; there was another cantonment 
" in the woods two miles in the rear of the works at West Point," and 
another at Fishkill; a force of New Jersey troops was at Pompton, 
two thousand Pennsylvania troops at Morristown, several New York 
regiments at Albany, and other troops elsewhere. 

Gen. Knox had his headquarters at the John Ellison house, at 
Vail's Gate. LaFayette joined his commander at New Windsor, and 



in Virginia, Heath forwarded to him supplies, principallv collected in 
New England, till General Washington wrote (Oct. 27, 17-Si,) that 
" there will be no occasion for forwarding any more beef cattle from 
the northward for this army." 

After the surrender of Cornwallis the Continental troops engaged 
in the Yorktown campaign (with the exception of the Pennsylvania, 
Maryland and Virginia troops, who were detatched, with St. Clair in 
command, and ordered to join Greene in the south) started on their 
long journey northward. The French army remained in Virginia. 
The " main army" on the Hudson went into winter quarters at West 
Point and its vicinity. 

In the spring of 1782 we find the main body of the Continental 
army encamped along the Hudson, on both sides of the river, in 
proximity to the highlands. 

On March 31, Washington established his headquarters in the 
Hasbrouck house at Newburgh.* The mam English army was Sir 




WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS-FROM THE NORTHWEST. 



had his headquarters there for a short time in the winter. ' He was 
not with Washington at Newburgh, as has often been stated, and 
did not even visit the Headquarters when in Newburgh in 1824. 

We are aware that his name has been coupled with the Newburgh 
Headquarters in song and story, and for those who have set much 
store on the tradition, there is consolation in the fact that it is only a 
mistake of two years in time and two miles in distance. In Dec, 
1 78 1, after the surrender of CornwaUis, he sailed for France, and did 
not return to this country till I7S4.\ 

Here at New Windsor Washington planned that master-stroke of 
strategy and generalship that culminated in the surrender of the 
army of CornwaUis at Yorktown. General Heath was left in com- 
mand of the army i-emaining at West Point and its vicinity, consisting 
of two regiments of New Hampshire, ten of Massachusetts, five of 
Connecticut infantry, the corps of invalids, Sheldon's legion, and the 
Third Regiment of artillery, together with all such State troops and 
militia as remained in the ser\nce. During Washington's campaign 



Henry Clinton's at New York, and now once more Washington 
watched his movements from his Highland stronghold. Hostilities 
had almost ceased, negotiations were commenced for the restoration 
of peace, and the army passed a whole year in comparative idleness. 

r Although never again to meet the enemy in deadly conflict in the 
field, they were yet to participate in events that will always be of 
thrilling interest to all who read of their noble deeds. The first was 
the celebration of the birth of the Dauphin of France, on the 31st of 
May, 17S2. Major Villefranche had emplo^-ed a thousand men fin- 
ten days in the construction of a curious edifice at AVest Point. It 
was called an arbor, and was composed of the simple materials 
which the common trees of the vicinity afforded, and was about 220 
feet in length and 80 in width, supported by a gi'and colonnade of 118 



* Extract from General Heath's diary : "March 31.— His Excellency Generi 
Washington arrived at Newburgh ; he had been absent from the main arm 
since the 19th of the preceding Angust, having spent the winter at Philadc 
phia after the capture of Earl Cornwallis." 



NEWBURGH 



31 



pillars, made of the trunks of trees. The covering of the roof con- 
sisted of boughs and branches of trees curiously interwoven, and 
the same material formed the walls. On the inside every pillar was 
encircled with muskets and bayonets, bound around in a fanciful and 
handsome manner, and the whole interior was decorated with ever- 
greens, festoons of flowers, garlands, emblematical devices, ^f«rj de 
lis, and other ornaments significant of the existing alUance between 




LINKS OF FORT MONTGOMERY CHAIN. 

France and America. The superb structure in symmetry and pro- 
portion and elegance of arrangement has seldom been surpassed on 
any temporary occasion, and it affected the spectators with admira- 
tion and pleasure. All the troops were paraded on the contiguous 
hills on both sides of the river at West Point at 2:30 o'clock, forming 
a circle several miles in circumference in plain view from the edifice, 
and at a signal (the firing of three cannons), the regimental com- 
manders repaired to the building for the entertainment prepared for 
them. At 5 o'clock General Washington and ladyled a dis- 
tinguished company from the quarters of General MacDougall 
to the arbor, where more than five hundred ladies and gen- 
tlemen partook of a magnificent festival. Each toast, thirteen 
in all, was announced by the discharge of thirteen cannons. 
In the evening the arbor was illuminated by a vast number of 
lights, and at a signal from the battery the soldiers on the hills 
discharged their guns, and all the cannons in the forts and 
batteries were fired. This feu de joie was three times re- 
peated, each time followed by three shouts of acclamation and 
benediction for the Dauphin by the united voices of the whole 
army on all sides. The mountains re-echoed like tremendous 
peals of thunder, and the flashings from thousands of fire- 
arms in the darkness of evening could be compared only to 
the most vivid flashes of lightning from the clou„s. Wash- 
ington, escorting Mrs. Knox, opened the grand ball, and with 
a dignified and graceful air carried down a dance of twenty 
couples in the arbor on the green grass.* The celebration 
was concluded by the exhibition of fireworks, consisting of 
rockets, wheels, fountains, trees, bee-hives, balloons, flowers 
and Tftv/r J dc lis, admirably constructed, and played off at 
twenty minutes after eleven o'clock. 

On the Fourth of July a similar celebration occurred, in honor of 
the anniversary of the Declaration of lAdependence, the army being 
assembled in the same manner as beforej 

The inspection and muster of the different corps took place in the 
month of June, and the commander-in-chief publicly complimented 
several regiments for their respectable and soldier-like appearance. 
Every other day, by brigade and by detail, the troops were exercised 
and drilled. The army was in the best of spirits at this period, 

* Tluuiu-r's Journal. 



proud of its victories, and confident of its strength and efficiency in 
battle. Baron Steuben had exercised the officers and soldiers in the 
various movements and evolutions, and exerted all his great powers 
for the establishment of a regular system of discipline among the 
heterogeneous bodies of soldiers. One of the finest companies in the 
army was the "light company" of the Eighth Massachusetts Regiment, 
and Washington said he had never seen its superior. Other splendid 
organizations were the Tenth Massachusetts Regiment, the 
Second Connecticut Brigade and the First and Second Massa- 
chusetts brigades. Washington assured Major General the 
Baron Steuben that the credit for the efficiency of the army was 
due to his indefatigable assiduity and eminent services; and 
in pubhc orders expressed approbation of the laudable dispo- 
sition and pride of corps which seemed to be diffused throughout 
the army, remarking also upon the amazing contrast between 
the past and present appearance of the troops. 

On August 31 the army (mainly in boats) moved down the 
river from New Windsor, Fishkill, West Point, and adjacent 
positions, ande ncamped at Verplanck's Point, for the purpose 
of reviewing and extending a welcome to the French army 
then on its return march from Virginia. The camp presented 
a beautiful and picturesque appearance. In front flowed the 
grandest river in the world, and the noble mountains formed 
the most sublime background that painting can express. All 
the tents were decorated with laurel, evergreens and limbs of 
trees. On Sept. 14, the French army arrived and encamped 
within a few miles of the Americans. General Washington re 
the French army on Oct. i, and the next day the French officers 
reviewed the American army. A fortnight later eight bat- 
talions were picked from the Continental troops and manceuver- 
ed before the officers of the two armies. The Americans bestowed 
every courtesy and attention upon the French soldiers, who had 
aided them in throwing off the British yoke. On October 22 the 
French army left for Boston, where it embarked for home. 

The American forces consisted of about eight thousand men who, 
for the first time since the beginning of the war, were decently 
clothed, well armed, properly equipped, and camped in tents of 
regular model. Six years' service in the field had made them trained 




THE JOHN ELLISON HOUSE— F 



veterans, and Prince de Broglie said that to him " they all seemed 
good looking, robust and well chosen." Several of the French army, 
who had seen troops of different European nations, bestowed enco- 
miums and applause on our arm)-, and said they had seen none 
superior to the American. Such was the army that came to New- 
burgh. 

At that time the main army was divided into two wings, each 
of which was sub-divided into two divisions, which in turn were 
sub-divided into brigades, composed of several regiments each. 



32 



NEWBURGH. 



Right Wing — Major-Generai. Gates. 
First Division — Major-General MaLDoitgall. 
First Brigade, Col. Swift. 

Second Connecticut Regiment. 
Fourth Connecticut Regiment. 
Rhode Island Regiment. 

Second Brigade, Brig. -Gen. Huntington. 
First Connecticut Regiment. 
Fifth Connecticut Regiment. 
Ninth Connecticut Regiment. 

Second Division — Major-Genera/ St. Clair. 
First Brigade, Col. Courtland. 
First New York Regiment. 
Second New York Regiment. 



Second Di''ision — Major-General Howe. 
First Brigade, (ieneral Patterson. 
Second Massachusetts Regiment. 
Fifth Massachusetts Regiment. 
Eighth Massachusetts Regiment. 

Second Brigade, Col. Greatton. 

Third Massachusetts Regiment. 
Sixth Massachusetts Regiment. 
Ninth Massachusetts Regiment. 

On the morning of the 26th of October, 1782, the troops of the 
left wing marched from Verplanck's Point to Garrison's, and on the 
the next day crossed the river to West Point, marched through the post, 
over Storm King Mountain, and passed the night on its northern 
slope in the open field. On the morrow the various brigades pro- 
ceeded to the positions assigned them. The right wing of the army. 




^"^^ 



MAP OF THE CANTONMEN 



AND VICINITY, 



Second Brigade, Col. Dayton. 
First New Jersey Regiment. 
Second New Jersey Regiment. 

Left Wim; — Majok-Genekai. He.vtm. 
First Divisioji— Major-General Lord Stirling. 

First Brigade, Col. 

Tenth Massachusetts Regiment. 
First New Hampshire Regiment. 
Second New Hampshire Regiment. 

Second Brigade, Col. Sheppard. 
First Ma.ssachusetts Regiment. 
Fourth Massachusetts Regiment. 
Seventh Massachusetts Regiment. 



r. 



under General Gates, with the e.xception of the Connecticut regi- 
ments, which remained at West Point and its vicinity, came a few 
days afterwards. 

The campgi-ound is situated in the Town of New Windsor, mainly 
along the Silver Stream (designated in the map as the Beaver Dam), 
and on the slopes south and southwest of Snake Hill— from two and 
a half to three miles distant from Washington's Headquarters, in a 
southwest direction. Silver Stream flows through a wide valley, 
southeasterly, the fields rising on either side in long, gentle inclines, 
till they reach a considerable elevation, from which a great range of 
country is unfolded to view. The water course for a distance is 
through a morass, on either side of which most of the troops were 
encamped. The soldiers built a causeway across the swamp, and 
remains of it can be seen to this day. The New York, New Hamp- 
shire and New Jcrscv lines were on the west side of the stream, and 
on the eastern slupL-s were Uic i-"irst and Third Massachusetts Bri- 



NEWBURGH. 



33 



gades, mainly on lands now owned by W. L. McGill. The camp of except on the northwest, where you can see far up the valley, and 

the Second Massachusetts Brigade was on the high ground directly on the southwest, where there is a view of the Hudson, 
south of and half a mile distant from Snake Hill, on the farm now 

, t T u TT J? 1 i.1 IT r "These hills shall keep their memory sure; 

owned by John Heron, tormerly the Munn farm. ^^ k- •• h il f u 

The only map of the cantonment that has been preserved is Simeon The mountain fastnesses endure, 

DeWitt's, found recently among the papers of General Gates, in the And speak their glorious deeds for aye." 



possession of the 
New York Historical 
Society.* It shows 
the location of the 
several State lines, 
with the exception 
of the Rhode Island 
Regiment and the 
Maryland Battalion. 
The former was or- 
dered from the New 
Windsor cantonment 
to the Schuylerville 
barracks, and the lat- 
ter came to the can- 
tonment after the 
map had been made. 
The campground 
was mainl)- covered 
with woods, but now 
most of it is cleared 
land. The soldiers' 
quarters were spa- 
cious, healthy and 
well built, and con- 
sisted of log houses, 
containing two 
chambers, each in- 
habited by eight 
soldiers. The bar- 
racks were mainly 
arranged in State lines and brigade lines, but the non-commissioned 
officers occupied a separate range of barracks. They were not all 
built together in rows, for other huts were scattered through the 
vicinity. They were built without a bit of iron or even nails. To 
obtain the wood for constructing the barracks, the soldiers cut great 
quantities of timber; they also cut a vast amount of firewood. 




HE CAMPGROUND. 



Walk over the 
fields and even to this 
day can be seen the 
remains of bake- 
ovens and the found- 
ations of huts. A 
number of years ago 
several graves were 
found in a strip of 
woods on the Heron 
farm, and Mr. McGill 
has ploughed up on 
his land many relics, 
such as buttons, etc. 
Where were prob- 
ably the barracks of 
the Second Massa- 
chusetts Brigade, on 
the Heron farm, 
there is an old well, 
now filled up with 
stone, and the former 
owner also found 
near by foundations 
of huts, the stones of 
which he removed 
to use in building 
walls. A road, form- 
erly a Continental 
road, runs through 
the campground. 
The headquarters of General Gates from December, 17S2, to April, 
17S3, v,-as in the John EUison house at Vail's Gate, a short distance 
south of the New Windsor cantonment. It is still standing, a pictur- 
esque building of stone, erected by Col. Thomas Elhson, founder of 
the New Windsor family of that name. He was a pioneer merchant 
of 1723. The original residence of Colonel ElUson wa-; ^n tht bank 





THE VERPLANCK HOUSE AT FISHKI 



UZAL KNAPP'S MONUMENT, 



General Heath said the cantonment for its nature and kind was 
beautiful. Those who will visit the place now will say the same. 
Stand on the slope on either side of the valley and the whole camp- 
ground is spread out before your eyes. Hills are on every side. 



;ituted 1 






Boyn 



, of New- 



of the Hudson, at New Windsor \'illage. Washington had his head- 
quarters therein i77g-'8o-'8i. Major-General Knox, at the time of 
the New Windsor cantonment, was in command of West Point. He 
had previously been in command of the artillery. He and General 
Greene had their headquarters at the Ellison house at Vail's Gate, 
five weeks in the months of June and July, 1779, and General Knox 
was there ten weeks in the Fall of the same year; also from Nov. 20, 



34 



NEWBURGH. 



17S0, to July 4, i-Si; and from Jlay, 17S2, till ordered to take 
command at West Point, Aug. 24, 17S2. While the army was at 
Snake Hill, General Greene and General Wayne were in the South. 
At one period of the war General Wayne had his headquarters at Mrs. 
Wool's house (formerly Weigand's hotel), in Hroad Street, near Liher- 



sions of the Provincial Convention and of its Coinmittee of Safety 
were held in the old Reformed Dutch Church, from August, 1776, to 
December, 1777, during which time the preliminary work of forming 
a State government was transacted and the first Constitution of the 
State nearly completed. More or less directly connected with the 




ty. James Donnelly, who was living in Old Town then, related 
that he saw the General almost every day. " He was short and 
stout and had red eyes. I remember his eyes because we had a cross 
dog that had red eyes, and we called him ' Mad Anthony 'altogether." 
General Heath spent the Winter at his home in Roxbury, Mass. , 
returning to the cantonment in the Spring. Lord Stirling was at 
Albany, where he died before the close of the war. Baron Steuben 
had his headquarters in the Verplanck house at Fishkill. St. Clair 
is supposed to have had his headquarters at the Edmonston house. 
"Wood's," on the Little Britain road, was the Mrs. Falls house, 
where Governor Clinton had his residence after the fall of Fort Mont- 
gomery; in 1782-3 it was the quarters of Colonel Francis Barber, 
Asst. Inspector-General to Baron Steuben, and is believed to have 
been also the quarters of Major John Armstrong, the author of the 
•'Newburgh Letters." 

The Life Guards were stationed a few rods northwest of Wash- 
ington's Headquarters. They were all native Americans, "sober, 
young, active and well made," the pick of the army, and none less 
than 5 feet 9 inches tall. Their uniform consisted of a blue coat, 
with white facings, white waistcoat and breeches, black stock and 
black half-gaiters, and a round hat with blue and white feather. 
The motto of the corps was " Conquer or Die." Their number was 
about sixty. William Colfax was the Captain Commandant. The 
last survivor of this corps was Uzal Knapp, of New Windsor. He 
died January 11, 1S56, aged ninety-six. His body lay in state in 
these headquarters four days, and was buried with great honors at 
the foot of the flagstaff near the building over which he kept faithful 
vigil three-quarters of a century before, and on the same green slope 
where he and his companions watched and sported. 

One of the store-houses of the Commissary-General was where 
the Union Church now stands. Fishkill Village, besides having long 
been the principal depot of the army, was the place where the ses- 



action of these bodies was the establishment there, or rather its re- 
moval from New York to Fishkill, of the only Revolutionary news- 
paper in the State — the Fishkill Pack ft, by Samuel Loudon — in 




WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS DIAGRAM OF FIRST FLOOR. 



Room with Seve 



nd One Window 



E— Parlor, or Sitting Room. 
F— Washington's Office. 
G— Washington's Bed-room. 
H -Store Room. 



NEWBURGH 



35 



the office of which were printed the first copies of the Declaration 
of Independence which were issued in the State, as well as of the 
first Constitution of the State.* 

The Headqu \i ters building is constructed of rough-hewn stone. It 
is one story high and has a frontage of fiftj six feet and a depth of 




WEST ENTRANCE TO WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS. 

forty-six. The farm once belonged to Burger Meynders. He sold it 

to Jonathan Hasbrouck (1747), who built the house and retained the 

ownership till his death in 17S0, and when 

Washington vacated the house the family 

returned to it, and occupied it till a short 

time anterior to 1849, when it came into the 

possession of the State. 

The large room, which is entered from 
the piazza on the east, known as " the room 
with the seven doors and one window," was 
used as a dining-room by Washington's fam- 
ih-, which consisted of himself, his wife, and 
his aid-de-camp Colonel Tilghman, he who 
carried the news of the suiTender of Corn- 
wallis to Congress. The housekeeper was a 
Mrs. Thompson. The small northeast room 
was Washington's bedroom, and the larger 
one adjoining was used by him as a private 
office. The famil)--room was the southeast 
room, and the kitchen the southwest room ; 
the northwest room, was the parlor. Be- 
tween the kitchen and the pai-lor were the 
hall and stair-case and the storeroom, so- 
called from having been used by Colonel 
Hasbrouck, and subsequently bj' his widow 
as a store. The parlor was reserved for 
Mrs. Washington and her guests. 

No alterations in form have been made, 
not even to the old piazza, nor to the great 
wide-open chimney and the old fireplace ; 
and the sun still streams through the one 
window into the room with the seven doors. 
The orchard that shaded the house on the 
southwest, and the post and rail fence, are 
gone, and the haystacks that stood to the 



southeast ; graveled walks wind among the trees, and a great 
monument stands on the green slope in front. But we see the same 
natural scenes that Washington saw ; the same noble river runs at 
the foot of the hill, and about us are the same green fields and blue 
mountains. Inspired by the patricjtic memories that thrill every vis- 
itor, cannot imagination picture the father of his country and his 
generals gathered on this old piazza as of old, and in the distance 
the camps of the soldiers ? Can we not also see the General on his 
shapely bay horse, with the servant Bill riding behind? They were 
familiar figures in the village. The General was a bold horseman, 
leaping the highest fences and going extremely quick, without stand- 
ing in his stirrups, bearing on the bridle or letting his horse run wild. 
His horse was as good as he was handsome, but above all perfectly 
well-trained, easy in hand and stopping short in a gallop without 
bearing on the bit. Washington himself broke all his own horses. 

Distinguished statesmen and high officers in the arm)^ were fre- 
quent guests at headquarters. There was little room to spare in the 
dwelling, and if a guest remained during the night it was the practice to 
make up a camp-bed for him in the parlor. The Marquis de Chas- 
tellux passed the night in that room once. When he went in to break- 
fast the next morning at ten, his bed was folded up, and his chamber 
became the sitting-room for the whole afternoon. The smallness of 
the house, and the difficulty to which he saw General and Mrs. Wash- 
ington put themselves, made him apprehensive lest General Rocham- 
beau, who had set out for headquarters the day after him, by 
traveling as fast might arrive on the day that he remained there. 
He therefore sent to Fishkill to meet him with a request that he 
would stay there that night. His precaution was not superfluous, 
and the messenger found Rochambeau already at the landing, 
where he slept, and did not come to the headquarters till the 
next morning. 1 21 "^ 1 *^ ^ 




*The late Gulian C. Verplanck said: "The Constitution of the State 
New York was printed in 1777, and was the first as well as the most importa: 
book ever printed in the State. The people could find but one press in the 
domain with which to print the work of their representatives. It was done 



THE OLD FIREPLACE, AT WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS. 

But guests at dinner \\-ere numerous and welcome.* This meal 
was served about five. <")n the day de Chastellux was there Adjutant 
General Hand, Colonel Reed and Major Walker dined with him. 



Fishkill by Samuel Loudon, wh. 
city, of Xew York, and who had 1 



had been 



■in-chief, has \nng \ 



36 



NEWBURGH 



The repast was served in the English fashion, and consisted of 
butcher's meat and poultry, with vegetables of several sorts, followed 
by a second course of pastry. After this the cloth was removed, and 
a great quantity of nuts was served, which the General usually 
continued eating for two hours, toasting and conversing all the 
while. S-upper was usually served at nine, and after that a few 
bottles of good claret and Madeira were placed on the table. The 
handsome and gentlemanly Gates, the hero of Saratoga; the brave 
and faithful Knox, the trained artillerist and Washington's warmest 
friend; the gentle-hearted Steuben, the skillful tactician; the scholar- 
ly Heath, the watchful guardian of the Highlands; Howe, St. Clair 
and ;MacDougall, were oft-times guests. 

In the company of ladies the Baron Steuben appeared to pecuHar 
advantage. Though never perfectly master of our language, he un- 
derstood and spoke it with sufficient correctness. Sometimes purposely 



Now that the war was drawing to a clcjse and independence had 
nearly been achieved, there was naturally a feeling of thankfulness 
and happiness pervading the encampment, such as had never before 
been felt. The officers visited and dined at each others' quarters, 
and receptions were given at country houses. Mrs. Washington, 
Mrs. Knox and Mrs. Gates frequently exchanged calls, and dined 
together. Mrs. Knox was a very handsome woman, and the com- 
mander-in-chief often spent the evening at General Knox's house, and 
used to like her for a partner in the dance. One night he stayed ver\- 
late, not reaching home till the small hours of night. A person in 
the adjoining room heard Mrs. Washington read him a curtain lecture 
after he got in bed. The general listened in silence, till she had 
entirely finished, and then simply said, " Go to sleep, my dear." 

On Christmas Day, 17S2, in public orders General Washington 
highly approved of a proposal that had been made by the Rev. Israel 




'THE PUBLIC BUILDING. "-Copy from 



Tarbell Drawings. 



he would miscall names, or blend or adopt words of similar sound 
but different meaning, to the merriment of the company. One day 
at dinner Mrs. Washington asked him how he amused himself over 
in Fishkill. 

" Oh," said he, "I read and write, my lady, and play chess ; and 
yesterday, for the first time, went fishing. They told me it was a very 
fine business to catch fish, and I did not know but this new trade 
might be useful by-and-by to me; but I fear I can never succeed. I 
sat in the boat three hours. It was exceedingly warm, and I caught 
only two fish. They told me it was fine sport." 

" What kind of fish did you catch, Baron?" asked Mrs. Washington. 

" I am not sure, my lady, but I believe one of them was a whale." 

"A whale, Baron, in the North Riverl" she exclaimed in surprise. 

"Yes, I assure you, a very fine whale, my lady. Was it not?" he 
said, turning to one of his aids. 

"An fcl. Baron," was the reply. 

" I beg your pardon, my lady, but that gentleman certainly told 
me it was a whale." 

MacDougall was a Scotchman, affable and facetious, often indulg- 
ing in pleasantries, and adverting to his national peculiarities and 
family origin, at the close of which he would add, " Now, gentlemen, 
you have the history of Sawney MacDougall, the milk-nion's son." 



Evans, D. U., the Chaplain of the New Hampshire brigade, for 
erecting a public building, and gave his consent to the general and 
field officers meeting to determine the situation and plan. The next 
morning the officers met at General Gates's headquarters and plans 
were adopted. Each regiment was required to furnish a certain part 
of the material, including lumber and shingles, and Colonel Tupper 
was appointed superintendant of construction. Carpenters, masons, 
blacksmiths and tools were supplied by the regiments; and nails, 
nail-rods and iron, boards, etc., were obtained from the quarter- 
master. The artificers and laborers pressed to the work (under the 
direction of Colonel Tupper and his assistant Lieut. Nelson), with 
' ' spirit and alacrity," which was doubtless in jjart owing to the liberal 
potions of rum dealt out to them. The site of the Public Building is 
not indicated on the map, but without doubt it was upon the eminence 
on the eastern side of the valley of the Silver Stream, on the farm 
now owned by William L. McGill, notwithstanding that the centennial 
celebration was held at another place near by. The site is command- 
ing and beautiful. It was a frame building upon a stone foundation. 
The interior was lathed and plastered. It was handsomely furnished 
with a spacious hall sufficient to accommodate a brigade of soldiers 
on Lord's day, having an orchestra at one end; tlie vault of the hall 
was arched; at each end of the hall were two rooms conveniently 



NEWBURGH 



37 



situated for the issuing of general orders, for the sitting of boards of 
officers, courts-martial, etc., and an office and store for the quarter- 
masters and the commissary departments. Ou the front was a cupola 
and flagstaff, on which flags were hoisted occasionally for signals. 
It was finished early in March, and services were held there every 
Sabbath. The chaplains preached in rotation, and different brigades 
assembled at different hours of the day, ' ' to give that homage and 
adoration to the Supreme Being who has, through His infinite mercy, 
brought our public calamities and dangers {in all human probability), 
very near to a happy conclusion."* But the building was also used 
for levees, public meetings, etc., and was officially designated " the 
New Building," or as "the Public Building;" and by the soldiers it 
was sometimes popularly called "the Temple of Virtue," "the 
Temple," and "the Chapel." Major Edward C. Boynton, one of the 
Trustees of the Headquartei-s, in iSgo obtained from Luther L. Tar- 
bell, of Boston, original drawings made by his father, William Tar- 
bell, a soldier in the Seventh Massachusetts Regiment. They were 



The joy caused by the outcome of the struggle for liberty was not 
unmixed with distress, nor the success of the army with danger to 
the existing Government. Here, Washington declared, occurred the 
greatest crisis in our long struggle, one that filled him with more 
alarm than all the disasters of the previous seven years, and here at 
last were exhibited the noblest self-sacrifice and the loftiest patriotism 
the world had ever seen. 

The soldiers viewed the coming disbandment of the army with 
forebodings. They were goaded by a thousand stings of reflec- 
tion on the past and anticipation of the future. For a long time 
neither officers nor privates had received any pay, for the treasury 
was empty, with no hope of its immediate replenishment. They 
were about to be turned on the world, soured by penury, and by 
what they called the ingratitude of the public, involved in debts, 
without one farthing of money to carry them home, after spending 
the flower of their days and many of them their patrimony, in estab- 
lishing the freedom of their country. 




WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS— FROM THE SOUTHWEST. 



drawn on sheets of paper pasted together, the whcjle being about 
seven feet long by eighteen inches wide. They represent the " Tem- 
ple of Virtue," the buildings occupied by officers and soldiers of the 
Massachusetts line (216 in number), and the framework for an illumi- 
nation in the celebration of the successful termination of the war. 
The drawings were made with the juices of grass, butternuts, etc. 
The Headquarters' Trustees had fac-simile copies made. 

The first assembly at the Public Building was on February 6, 17S3, 
before its entire completion, to celebrate the anniversary of the al- 
liance with France. The troops were paraded, and reviewed by 
Washington, and a feu dc Jon- fired by all the troops. Afterwards 
there was a recepti(m at the building, attended by the officers and 
their ladies, and a cold collation was provided. 



'Washinffto 



Washington said that they had suffered everything that human 
nature is capable of endm-ing this side of death, and he could not 
avoid apprehending a train of evils of a very serious and disturbing 
nature, as he perceived that the patience and long-suffering of the 
army were well nigh exhausted. 

On May 6, 17S2, a dangerous mutiny was discovered among the 
soldiers of the Connecticut line. It had been conducted with 
great secrecy, and was on the point of execution before it was di- 
vulged. The defection was general in the line. The soldiers had 
determined to march at reveille the next morning to Fishkill, 
where they intended taking a number of field pieces, with ammuni- 
tion and provisions, and proceed to Hartford and demand of the As- 
sembly that justice which they considered their due. The most 
guilty soldiers were arrested, and the ringleader was sentenced to 
death. 



NEWBURGH 



Contemplating the seemingly inherent weakness of the Govern- 
ment, many were inclined to consider it a normal condition of the 
republican form, and sighed for a stronger one. This feeling became 
so manifest in the army that Colonel Nicola, an officer greatly re- 
spected, addressed a letter to Washington in Mny, 17S2, in which, 
professing to speak for the army, he declared that a republic was the 
least stable of all forms of government, and that the English Gov- 
ernment was the nearest to perfection that could be established. He 
said it was plain that the same abilities that had led them through 
difficulties apparently insurmountable by human powers to victory 
and glory, and which had merited and obtained the universal esteem 
and veneration of 
the army, w-ould be 
most likely to con- 
duct and direct the 
people in the 
smoother paths of 
peace. 

" Owing to the 
prejudice of the 
people," he said, 
"it might not at 
first be prudent to 
assume the title of 
royalty, but if all 
things were once 
adjusted, we be- 
lieve strong argu- 
ments might be 
produced for ad- 
mitting the title of 
king." 

Washington's re- 
ply w-as a stern re- 
buke, administered 
in a letter, to 
Nicola. He said ; 
"It is with a mix- 
ture of surprise and 
astonishment 1 
have read the sen- 
timent you have 
submitted to my 
perusal. Be assur- 
ed, sir, no occur- 
rences in the course 
of the war have 
given me more 
painful sensations 
than your informa- 
tion of there being 
such ideas existing 
in the army as you 
have expressed , 
which I must view 
with abhorrence 
and reprehend with severity. * * * * * i am much at 
loss to conceive what part of my conduct has given encourage- 
ment to an address which to me seems big with the greatest mischief 
that can befall my country. If I am not deceived in the knowledge 
of myself, you could not find a person to whom your .schemes arc 
more disagreeable. * * * Let me conjure you, then, if you have 
any regard for your country, concern for yourself or posterity, or re- 
spect for me, to banish these thoughts from your mind." 
"The ('.rr i* I^rT-inhli.- had its birth 

'I'll I "1 ilie Army's wing, 

Wli.i.i I t by native worth 

'I'll. 1 1, iji Mhli r than tlie king." 

In the latter part of 17S2 the discontent in the army appeared more 
formidable than ever. A committee from the army visited Congress 




in December and returned with a series of most unsatisfactory 
resolutions passed by that body. Feeble in resources, they made no 
definite promises of present relief or futiure justice. This gave rise to 
the celebrated Newburgh Letters, or addresses, of which two were 
issued anonymously and written with great power and ability. The 
first letter, dated Saturday, March S, 17S3, advised the army to appeal 
from the justice to the fears of the government, make demonstrations 
of power and determination, arouse the fears of the people, and so 
obtain justice for themselves. It began with a recital of their wrongs, 
of the alleged insults heaped upon them b)' Congress, of its cold 
neglect, of their own forbearance and patience under them, and of 

their self-sacrifice 
and patriotism. 

"If this," he 
says, "be your 
treatment, while 
the sw-ords you 
wear are necessary 
to the protection of 
vour country, what 
have 3'ou to expect 
from peace, when 
your voice shall 
sink and your 
strength dissipate 
by division — when 
those very swords, 
the i n s t r u m e n ts 
and companions of 
■\-our glory, shall be 
taken from your 
sides and no re- 
maining mark of 
your military dis- 
tinction left you 
but your infirmities 
and scars ? Can 
you consent to re- 
tire from the field 
and grow old in 
poverty, wretched- 
ness and contempt? 
Can you consent to 
wade through the 
\-ile mire of depend- 
ency and owe the 
remnant of that life 
to charity which 
has hitherto been 
spent in honor? If 
you can, go, and 
carry with you the 
jest of Tories, the 
scorn of Wliigs, 
and what is worse, 
the pity of the 
world. Go, starve, and be forgotten." Growing bold in his indig- 
nation, he swoops down on AVashington himself and exclaims: 
' ' Suspect the man w' ho would advise to more moderation and longer 
forbearance. Let nothing but death separate you from your arms." 
With this address was circulated privately a notification of a meet- 
ing of officers at the New Building, the following Tuesday. In gen- 
eral orders, March 11, Washington expressed disapprobation of such 
disorderly proceedings, and at the same time requested the general 
and field officers, and one officer from each company, and a proper 
representation of the staff of the army, to assemble at 12 o'clock on 
the following Saturday at the New Building, to hear the report of the 
committee of the army to Congress. This was a master-stroke. It 
assured him the control of the meeting, and the selection of the num- 
ber and rank of the officers to compose it. On the appearance of 



WASHINGTON. 



NEWBURGH 



39 



this order the writer of the anonymous address issued another, more 
subdued in tone, in which he sought to give the impression that 
Washington approved of the scheme. 

The meeting was held, General Gates presiding, and deep solem- 
nity pervaded the assemblage. Amid the most profound silence the 
beloved commander commenced reading the address he had pre- 
pared in these old headquarters, so compact in 
form and construction, so clear in expression 
and meaning, so dignified and patriotic, so 
mild yet so severe, and so important to the 
well-being of the unfolding republic. 

" Gentlemen," he said, " by an anonymous 
summons, an attempt has been made to con- 
vene you together. How inconsistent -with the 
rules of propriety, how unmilitary, and how 
subversive of all order and discipline, let the 
good sense of the army decide." 

Pausing for a moment he drew out his spec- 
tacles, carefully wiped and adjusted them, and 
while doing so remarked: "These eyes, my 
friends, have grown dim, and these locks white 
in the service; yet I have never doubted the 
justice of my country." 

This simple remark, under the circumstances 
had a powerful effect on the assembly. He 
concluded his address with these memorable 
words: 

"Let me conjure you in the name of the 
common country, as you value your own sacred 
honor, as you respect the rights of humanity 
and the national character of America, to ex- 
press the utmost horror and detestation of the 
man who wishes under any specious pretence 
to overturn the liberties of our country, who 
wickedly attempts to open the floodgates of 
civil discord and drench our rising Empire in 
blood. By thus determining and thus acting 
you will pursue the plain and direct road to 
the attainment of your wishes— you will defeat 
the insidious designs of our enemies, who are 
compelled to resort from open force to secret 
artifice, and you will give one more distin- 
guished proof of unexampled patriotism and 
patient virtue, rising superior to the most com- 
pUcated sufferings, and you will by the dignity 
of your conduct afford occasion for posterit\- 
to say, when speaking of the glorious example 
you have exhibited to mankind: Had this day 
been wanting, the world had never seen the 
last stage of perfection to which human virtue 
is capable of attaining." 

Then he descended from the platform and 
walked out of the building, leaving the officers 
to discuss the matter, unrestrained by his 
presence. Their conference was brief. They 
passed resolutions by unanimous vote, express- 
ing unshaken confidence in their chief and in 
Congress, and their determination to bear with patience their griev- 
ances until in due time they should be redressed. More than forty 
years elapsed before it was discovered that the writer of these 
anonymous addresses was Major John Armstrong, one of General 
Gates's aides, who after the war held civil offices of distinction in our 
government. 

Let it not be supposed that strict discipline was not maintained 
during all these trying times, The troops were regularly drilled and 
exercised. We read in Washington's orders that John Blaisdell, for 
breaking open the clothing store at Newburgh, and stealing from 
there a number of boots and shoes, was sentenced to be reduced to a 
private sentinel, and to receive twenty-five lashes on his naked back 



each morning for four mornings successively. And only four days be- 
fore the proclamation of the cessation of hostilities, Jeremiah Allen, a 
drummer, for stealing a number of shirts and blankets out of the 
public store at Newburgh, was sentenced to receive twenty-five 
lashes at four different periods, each time in front of a different 
regiment. 




ReUgious services were 
conducted with reg^arity and ' 

decorum every Sabbath, and | 

the chaplains labored with "t 

zeal and ability. Regimental j^ 

gardens were laid out, for 

the purpose of raising greens and vegetables. Seeds were obtained 
from the farmers in the surrounding country. 

But at last the tidings of peace, so long prayed for, came. At 
noon, on the igth of April, 17S3, e.xactly eight years after the com- 
mencement of the war, the cessation of hostilities was proclaimed 
from the door of the New Building. Accompanying the order for 



40 



NEWBURGH 



tliis proceeding was a congratulatory address to the army, in which 
occurred these memorable words : " While the General recollects the 
almost infinite variety of scenes through which we have passed, with 
a mixture of pleasure and astonishment and gratitude ; while he con- 
templates the prospect before us with rapture, he cannot help wish- 
ing that all the brave men, of whatever condition they may be, who 
have shared in the toils and dangers of the glorious revolution of 
rescuing millions from the hand of oppression and of lajnng the 
foundation of a great empire, might be impressed with a proper idea 
of the dignified part they have been called to act. under the smiles of 
Providence, on the stage of human affairs ; for happy, thrice happ}-, 
shall they be pronounced hereafter who have contributed anything. 
who have per- 
formed the mean- 
est office 111 
creating this stu- 
pendous fabric ol 
freedom and em- 
pire on the broad 
basis of indepen- 
dency, who have 
assisted in pro- 
tecting the rights 
of human nature 
and establishing 
an asylum for the 
poor and oppress- 
ed of all nations 
and religions." 

The little army 
was assemble d 
about the building 
when the procla- 
mation was read, 
and three mighty 
cheers of joy went 
up, and then every 
voice was hushed 
as Chaplain Gano 
returned thanks 
to the Jlost High, 
the King of Na- 
tions, for all his 
great blessings. 
Then, with glad 

voices, that grand hallelujah hymn, "No King but God," was sung 
by the thousands of voices to the accompaniment of instruments — 

The States, Oh, Lord, with songs of praise 

Shall in thy strength rejoice. 
And blest with thy salvation raise 

To Heaven their cheerful voice. 
To the King they shall sing : Hallelujah 

And all the continent shall sing, 
Down with this earthly king ! 

No king but God ! 

Can we not picture the scene ? Can we not share their joy and 
pride as they give reverential praise and homage to Him who had 
brought them thus far? 

May Rome, France and Spain 

And all the world proclaim 

The glory of the fame 
Of our loyal king. 

God is the King. Amen ! 

The Lord is his name. Amen 

May his reign be glorious, 

America victorious, 

And may the earth acknowledge 

Amen ! Amen ! Amen ! 
Again at sunset of the same day the army is assembled on parade. 
and at the head of every regiment we hear the proclamation oncu 



more, and the voices of the chaplains standing before them "render- 
ing thanks to the Almighty God for all his mercies, particularly for 
overruling the wrath of man to His glory, and causing the rage of 
war to cease among the nations." * Then all the soldiers drank per- 
petual peace, independence and happiness to the United States of 
America. 

Orders were issued for a " general rejoicing " to take place later, 
and the regiments were ordered to square and deliver ninety-seven 
large pieces of timber for a frame for an illumination, which was to 
be a part of the celebration. The Tarbell drawings show this frame- 
work completed, and the accompanying inscription states; "The 
building erected to display the fireworks was not occupied for that 

pui-pose, as the 
display was made 
at Bowling Green, 
New York, in 
November, 17S3." 
The officers real- 
izing that the dis- 
solution of the 
ami}- was drawing 
nigh, and wishing 
ti. perpetuate that 




SOME INTERESTING TROPHIES AT WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS. 



friendship which 
numerous hard- 
ships, sufferings 
and comm.on dan- 
gers had inspired 
in their breasts, 
resolved to form 
themselves into a 
society of the 
name of the Cin- 
cinnati. Several 
meetings were 
held for the pur- 
pose, at the Public 
Building, and an 
institution was be- 
{Tun. Some of the 
I >fficers had serious 
I ibjections to the 
institution, and for 
a time refused to 
become members 
of it. General Heath, for one, was opposed to the idea of 
anything that had any semblance of an order or any insignia or 
badge of distinction, asserting that it would only ser\-e to mark 
them in an unfavorable light with their fellow-citizens ; but the 
prevailing opinion of the officers was otherwise. General Heath, with 
the others, seeing that the organization was ineN-itable, at length 
signed the roll, for the sole reason that his posterity, if they should 
have no insignia of the society in the family, might think that their 
ancestor had been guilty of some misconduct which deprived him of 
it. On June ig, a number of the officers, viz., several general of- 
ficers, and officers commanding regiments and corps met at the New 
Building and elected General Washington President-General; Gen- 
eral MacDimgall, Treasurer; and General Knox, Secretary pro tem- 
pore to the Society of the Cincinnati. 

On June 2, 17S3, th^^ t;ciKral orders of the day announced that the 
men " engaged for the w ar " w . >u!d be immediately furloughed, with 
a proportion of the ofticcrs. maixhcd home in divisions, and as soon 
as a definitive treaty of peace arrived they would be discharged. 
Those men that remained engaged for other periods were to be 
formed into complete corps, the officers to agree who should stay, and 
in cases where they could not ag^ee seniority was to decide. Generals 
and commanding officers were requested to make arrangements for 



> Washington'; 



i.rde 



NEWBURGH. 



41 



marching the troops of their respective States to their homes. This 
was a judicious method of disbanding the army gradually, without 
entirely losing the hold of the Congress upon the soldiers before the 
treaty of peace should be ratified. As this was not done till long 
afterwards these furloughs amounted to absolute and final discharge. 




The issuance of this order was the beginning of the end of the last 
cantonment of the main Continental array. 

The first body of soldiers to leave was the battalion of Maryland 
troops, which marched southward on June 5, going down the old way 
back of the Highlands and through New Jersey. 

On June 6, in the morning, the New Jersey regiments marched 
from the cantonment to their own State, where they, like the others, 
were to be disbanded. The same day the First New York Regiment 
made a present of their standards and band to Governor Clinton and 
marched to Poughkeepsie, escorted by the light company of the 
regiment. The other New York troops were furloughed and dis- 
banded at the cantonment on the same day. The soldiers for the 
war of the First New Hampshire Regiment, continental infantry, 
and the Second New Hampshire Continental Battalion also marched 
for their homes on this day. The men entitled to furlough in the four 
invalid companies were disbanded, and the company of sappers and 
miners at West Point were also dismissed. 

One by one the regiments and companies were marching away to 
their own States, there to separate to their individual homes, or else 
disbanding on the spot. Next it is the turn of the faithful Life 
Guards to bid each other farewell. On the following day, June 7, 
the company was broken up, some going one way and some another, 
and a guard of about forty men from the Massachusetts line assem- 
bled at noon at the New Building and relieved them. 

But not all the men entitled to leave desired to avail themselves 
of the privilege. Some of them had no homes to go to. The best 
years of their life had been spent for their country, and now they 
were to be cast upon the world, penniless, many of them without ad- 
equate knowledge of the means of earning a livelihood by civil 
pursuits, their hard-earned military knowledge worse than useless, to 
go in silence and alone, and poor and hopeless — is it any wonder 
many of them did not go ? So Washington directed that those who 
wished not to go should notify their commanders, and an equal nimi- 
ber of soldiers who had enlisted for three years might go in their 



stead. Those who remained were required to continue their duties 
as soldiers until the ratification of the treaty of peace. 

Commencing with June 8, a division of ]\Iassachusetts troops 
marched away each day, until all entitled to furlough had gone. Four 
regiments of Jilassaehusetts three-year men remained. 

The levees that had been held each day 
at noon, since April 15, at the New Building 
were now discontinued. On the day that the 
order was given lightning struck the flag 
staff of the New Building, entered the house, 
ran down the side of it, doing some damage, 
and stunning several soldiers near the door. 
On the 13th the men who had enUsted 
for three years, and for shorter periods not 
expired, were formed into regiments. 

On June 20 the troops remaining at the 
cantonment were ordered to march on 
Monday morning, the 23d, at 5 o'clock, by 
the left, the senior Brigadier on the Massa- 
chusetts line to conduct the column over 
Storm King to West Point. The baggage, 
with a proper escort, was to go by water. 
These corps, with the troops at West 
Point, were to compose the garrisons at that 
post and its dependencies. 

Accordingly, on the next Monday, the 
troops were astir at day-break, and early 
in the morning they left their barracks and 
tents and marched away over the Storm 
King, and the last cantonment of the main 
Continental army came to an end. Four 
companies were left to do ordinary g^ard 
duty over the public property, and were di- 
rected to be reheved every nine days by 
^ a detachment from West Point. All the gen- 

eral officers who had been doing duty lately 
in camp were given leave of absence, except Major-General Knox, who 
had assumed command at West Point, and Brigadier-Generals John 
Patterson and John Greatton, who served under him. General Howe 
was retained for temporary duty at Philadelphia. 

On August 26, 17S3, the Quartermaster-General's oflSce at New- 
burgh issued a notice that on Tuesday, Sept. 2, at 2 p. m., the 




THIRTY-TWO-POUND IRON GUN-AT WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS. 

Part of the Armament of Fort Ticonderoga. Captured from the English by Ethan Allen. 

Recaptured by Burgoyne, and returned to the Americans at Saratoga. 

huts lately occupied by the First and Third Massachusetts Brigades, 
the building called the Temple, and other scattered huts in the vicinity, 
would be sold at auction. Also, on the following day, at Newburgh, 



42 

would be S( 
stores. It i 
and that th 



NEWBURGH 



lid at auction a number of wagons and a quantity of public 
s presumed that this sale occurred as per advertisement, 
. huts and the Temple were removed immediately there- 



marched to Nc 
evacuation by 
was present. 




A CASE OF CLOTHING, BOOKS, &C.-AT WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS, 



after. Considerable property was 
mained there for many years, 
ington proceeded up the Hudson. At 
Albany he was joined by Governor Clinton 
and a small party. After visiting the scene 
of Burgoj-ne's surrender, Lake George, the 
Mohawk Valley and other points of interest, 
he arrived back at Newburgh August 5. On 
August 17 he issued his last general order 
from army headquarters, announcing his de- 
parture to meet Congress at Princeton. On 
the following day he left Newburgh, stop- 
ping at West Point, and thence resuming 
his journey; his temporary headquarters be- 
ing ultimately established at Rocky Hill, 
where he issued his farewell orders, and 
where he remained till November, when he 
returned to West Point. In October, after 
the treaty of peace had been ratified. Con- 
gress by proclamation discharged all the 
soldiers who had been "enlisted for the 
war," and been furloughed in June. The 
remaining men, consisting of those who 
had enlisted for shorter periods, were dis- 
banded Nov. 3. A small force of re-enlist- 
ed men were retained for duty at West 
Point, and these, with such disbanded men 
and militia as could be brought together. 



emoved to West Point, and re- 
On the iSth of July Wash- 



Hon. 
A. S. 



York and took possession of that city on its 
British on Nov. 25, at which event Washington 
December Washington surrendered his com- 
mission to Congress, and this terminated 
his career with the Continental army. 

On the 4th of July, 1S50, the ancient 
dwelling that had been his headquarters 
was dedicated to be a monument of the 
gi'eat and touching events above related, 
while a multitude of people stood by. A 
military and civic procession marched to 
tile grounds and gathered about a lofty 
tlagstaff newly erected, from which was to 
float a Hag bearing the inscription, " Liber- 
ty and Union now and forever, one and 
inseparable." Major-General Scott was 
there to raise it. Judge Monell made an 
address, and an ode, composed for the 
occasion by his wife, was sung. As the 
last verse rang out upon the Summer air — 



th a prayer your faith expressing, 
Raise your country's flag on high; 

•re, where rests a nation's blessing. 
Stars and stripes shall float for aye' 

Mutely telling 
Stirring tales of days gone by,"— 



the old hero puUed on the halyard, and 
the flag rose to the top, and as it swung 
out to the breeze, a deafening hurrah rang 
out over the river. 

The building is owned by the State 
and in the control of the Trustees appointed 
by the Governor, viz: Hon. Joel T. Headlej', 
Major Edward C. Boj-nton, John C. Adams, 
James G. Graham, Charles S. Jenkins, Hon. M. H. Hirschberg, 
Ring, Jos. H. H. Chapman, David Carson and Lewis :M. Smith. 




CASE OF INDIAN RELICS-AT WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS. 



CENTENNIAL CELEBRATIONS. 



Revolutionary Events Commemorated at Newburgh and Neighboring Towns. 




EWBURGH celebrated the advent of the Centennial 
Year bj^ a general rejoicing. The jubilee began about 
nine o'clock on the evening of Friday, Dec. 31, 1S75, 
and continued throughout the night, although the par- 
ticular demonstration occurred during the few hours 
first following midnight and the birth of the new 3'ear. 
The principal feature of the celebration was a torch- 
light procession. After the preparatory hum of assembling, the 
organizations intending to join in the nocturnal parade began tr. 
arrive at the ren- 
dezvous on Broad- 
way at half-past 
eleven. Scarcely 
had they formed 
the line ere a rocket 
soared heavenward 
announcing the 
end of the old year 
and the birth of 
the new, the signal 
for the procession 
to move. Then en- 
sued a pandemon- 
ium the like of 
which Newburgh 
never heard before. 
IM i g h t y huzzas 
went up from the 
great multitude 
that packed the 
broad thorough- 
fare. A hundred 
steam-whistles rent 
the air with ear- 
splitting shrieks. 
Every whistle in 
the city — locomo- 
tive, factory and 
steamboat whistles 
and every bell, 
great and small, 
joined in the glad 
acclamation. Dis- 
charges of cannon- 
ry reverberated along the hills, a countless number of tin-horns 
were blown, the sky became aflame with the glare from monster 
bonfires, colored fires, rockets and all manner of pyrotechnics, and 
thousands of voices shouted forth thanksgiving that the nation had 
lived to see this day. And thus was the birth of the centennial year 
announced. 

The jubilee procession was commanded by Colonel William D. 
Dickey and was composed of the Nineteenth Battalion, lire companies. 




Ellis Post and several societies. A hay-rigging, loaded with barrels 
filled with straw and saturated with oil, was hurried ahead of the 
procession, and its crew started bonfires on every corner. Nearly 
every house was illuminated and decorated. The noise of the 
demonstration was heard miles away, and the illumination seen afar 
off. The procession reached Washington's headquarters at 1.15 a. 
m., and while standing around the flag-pole " My Country, 'Tis of 
Thee" was sung. The celebration was a spontaneous and almost 
extemporaneous outburst of patriotic enthusiasm. Ellis Post went 

down to the Long 
Dock and fired a 
national salute, and 
sang patriotic 
songs. Watch- 
night services were 
held in five church- 
es, banquets were 
given, and the 
thanksgiving and 
merry - making 
were continued till 
nearly davbreak. 

THE CENTENNIAL 
FOURTH. 
The Sabbath pre- 
ceding the Fourth 
of July, 1S76, was 
devoted by the 
people to the praise 
and worship of the 
Almighty Ruler of 
the universe for the 
preservation of the 
nation. Patriotic 
sermons were 
preached and ap- 
propriate hymns 
^\-ere sung in all 
the churches. In 
the afternot)n five 
thousand people 
gathered at Wash 
ing ton's Head- 
quarters. At 2.30 o'clock a children's service was held, presided over 
by Mayor McCroskery. The service for adults commenced at 4 
o'clock, Rev. Dr. John Forsyth presiding. The One Hundredth 
Psalm was sung, the singing being led b)^ a large choir. Rev. O. 
Applegate read the 35th Psalm, and prayer ^^ as offered by Rev. G. 
S. Hare. The national hymn, "Lord, While for all Mankind we 
Pra}'," was sung to the tune of Dundee. A sermon was preached by 
the Rev. Samuel Carlisle from the following text: "Thou hast 

[43] 



WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS, 



44 



NEWBURGH 



brought a vine out of Egj-pt ; thou hast cast out the heathen, and 
planted it. Thou preparedst room for it, and didst cause it to take 
deep root, and it filled the land."— Psalm So: 8-9. 

The Centennial Fourth was celebrated with great spirit, and with 
the usual cannonry and bell-ringing at sunrise, noon and sunset. In 
the morning there was a parade by the fire department, military com- 




WASHINGTON'S CHAIR, 



asbrouck family. 



panies, veteran soldiers and many societies. Exercises were after- 
ward held at Washington's Headquarters, consisting of vocal and 
instrumental music, the reading of the Declaration of Independence 
by Major E. C. Boynton, an oration by Hon. A. J. Thomson of 
Schenectady, and a poem by Mr. J. Owen Moore, of Washington- 
ville. In the evening a fireworks exhibition was given on the City 
Terrace, at the head of South Street. 

CELEBRATIONS OF 1883. 
The great Revolutionary centennials, commencing with that 
of Lexington and followed during the course of eight years by cele- 
brations at Bunker Hill, Philadelphia, Stony Point, Saratoga, York- 
town and other places, were brought to a close by a series of celebra- 
tions at Newburgh and its vicinity, where the closing scenes of the 
Revolution were enacted. The centennial of the proclamation of the 
cessation of hostilities was the first. The 19th of April was observed 
as a holiday in Newburgh, and Mayor Ward issued a proclamation. 
At noon a salute from Washington's Headquarters was fired and an- 
swered by salutes from West Point and Fishkill Landing ; the church 
bells rang out in glad acclaim, and many steam whistles joined in the 
great rejoicing. In the afternoon the Tenth Separate Company, Cap- 
tain Joseph M. Dickey, made a street parade. In the evening fires 
were burning on the Beacons, on Breakneck, the Storm King and 
Snake Hill. The Tenth Separate Company gave a banquet at the 



United States Hotel, Captain Joseph M. Dickey, presiding, and ad 
dresses were deUvered by Judge Monell, E. M. Ruttenber, Hon. 
Joel T. Headley, Rev. Dr. Forsyth, Major E. C. Boynton, J 
Hervey Cook and Hon. James G. Graham. These exercises were sup- 
plemented by an additional commemoration of a religious character 
on the ensuing Sabbath, held at the Newburgh Armory, in charge of 
the clergymen of the city. Though the day was stormy several 
thousand people were present. The Rev. Dr. William K. Hall pre- 
sided, and made an address. JIayor Ward, the Common Council, 
nearly all of the clergymen of the city, members of the Newburgh 
and Fishkill centennial committees and others occupied seats on the 
platform. The large audience sang hymns, led by a choir of a hun- 
dred voices and a brass band. The Rev. Dr. Forsyth offered prayer, 
the Rev. Samuel Carlisle read Scripture passages, another prayer was 
offered by the Rev. W. H. Mickle ; the Rev. Dr. O. Applegate and the 
Rev. Arthur Jones made addresses ; Dr. Hall read the Revolutionary 
army's great anthem, " No King but God," and various other clergj-- 
men had a part in the exercises. 

Saturday, June 2, there was a memorable observance in the 
Village of Fishkill, across the river from this city. The village was 
gaily decorated. Business was entirely suspended. There was a 
procession, including thirty-eight yoimg ladies in a representation of 
the States; also music, addresses and a general rejoicing. 

On June 22, a celebration was held at Temple Hill, New Wind- 
sor, on the old campground of the army where so many memorable 
events occurred. Several thousand people assembled there, including 
the veterans of the 124th Regiment. Patriotic addresses were made 
b}' Hon. James G. Graham, Judge E. L. Fancher, E. M. Ruttenber, 
General George H. Sharpe, Hon. C. H. Winfield and William Van- 
amee, Esq., of Middletown. A long letter from Judge Monell was 
read, Clarence F. Buhler read a poem, and the people sang Billings' 
anthem. 

The Newburgh Centennial, the greatest of all the Revolutionary 
celebrations, occurred October 18, 1883. Two years had been spent 
in preparation, and Congress, the Legislature and the Common 
Council had made liberal appropri- 
ations. When the sun looked over 
the Fishkill mountains that memor- 
able morning, the North Atlantic 
Squadron of five men-of-war lying 
in the bay had just shaken the 
city to its foundations with its 
tremendous guns. Again at eight 
o'clock windows rattled and the 
houses shook with the concussions 
of the great guns as they proclaim- 
ed the arrival of the Tallapoosa 
with the Secretary of War. The 
day had hardly dawned ere thous- 
ands of people began to flock into 
the city, by railway trains, road- 
wagons and steamboats. Thous- 
ands upon thousands were landed 
by the ferryboats. A multitude 
was surging about the ferry-house 
at Fishkill for hours, the people 
accumulating faster than the boats 
could transport them over the river. 
The railroads brought thousands 
into the union depot at Newbvirgh, 
and up to eleven o'clock about 
twenty-five excursion boats had 
arrived. The river-front was lined 
with steamers from Sherman's 
Dock to the coal docks, and 
anchored in the stream were the men-of-war and numerous yachts. 

The day was very propitious, and so full and ample were the 
preparations by the Centennial Committee that everything passed off 
in a satisfactory manner, to the great delight and pleasure of a vast 
number of people. Newburgh never looked handsomer or appeared 




MARTHA WASHINGTON'S WATCH 



ng with 



before he 


m 


rriage with 


and was 


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by her for 


including 


the 


period of h 


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dquarlers b 


her husba 


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Its authen 


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fiction. 


Ma 


rtha Custis 






NEWBURGH 



45 



to better advantage. So profuse and beautiful were the decorations 
that the city seemed one mass of brilHant color, and here and there 
was an outburst that almost dazzled the beholder and made him think 
of scenes in fairyland. For days before the place had a holiday 
appearance, giving evidence of what might be expected on the great 
day, when the greatest anticipations were not disappointed. 

The procession was a magnificent pageant, and the general verdict 
was that a finer parade of mixed organizations of the same number 
of men had never been seen in this countr)-. The military bodies 
were the best the States afforded, and were supplemented by the 
splendid naval brigade, and as fine a division of firemen as ever 
dragged a machine. There were fully forty bands, including several 
of the most famous in the country, and nearly a score of drum corps. 
The procession approached three miles in length and required about an 
hour and a half to pass a given point. The line formed in Broadway 
and the side streets, between Golden and Dubois, and started at 11.50. 
The last of the procession did not pass Grand Street going down 
Broadway till 1.05 p. m. The head of the column, then passing south 
in Grand Street, was out on Broadway again two minutes after. The 
corner was cleared just in time. In other words the moving column 
extended from the corner down Broadway, through Golden and Water 
Streets to Grand, and back southward in Grand Street to Broadway 
again — this in the early portion of the parade, when the bodies were 
moving close together. 

ORDER OF PROCESSION. 

Company of New York City Police. 

Grand Marshal, Charles H. Weygant. 

H. P. Ramsdell, Chief of Staff. 

Aids: 



Thomas W. Bradley 
J. Owen Moore, 
Charles E. Snyder, 
J. D. Mabie, 
N. H. Schram, 
James Heard, 
Clark B. Galatian, 

Buglers, Color Bearers i 



Dr. John Deyo, 
William H. Kelly, 
John A. McDonnell, 
Frederick Decker, 
Charles Mapes, 
James W. Benedict, 
Seneca W. Merritt. 
. Orderlies. 



FIRST DIVISION. 

Marshal, Brigadier-General Louis Fitzgerald. 
Staff, Bugler and Orderlies. 

Seventh Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., of New York City, 700 men. 

Cappa's Seventh Regiment Band, 55 pieces. 

Drum and Bugle Corps, 30 pieces. 

Col. Emmons Clark and Stafi. Lieut.-Col. George Moore Smith. Major 

Richard Allison. 

Company C— Captain Don Alonzo Pollard. 

Company B— Captain Henry S. Steel. 

Company G— Captain James C. Abrams. 

Company A— Captain Augustus W. Connor. 

Company I— Captain William C. Casey. 

Company E— Captain George B. Rhodes, 

Company H— Captain James L. Price. 

Company K— Captain Francis W. Bacon. 

Company F— Captain Daniel Appleton. 

Company D— Captain \V. H. Kipp. 

Uniformed Seventh Regiment Veteran BattaHon, 350 men. 

8th Regiment Band, 40 pieces. 

Colonel Locke W. Winchester. 

Lieutenant-Colonel Charles B. Bostwick. 

Major John H. Kemp. 

Company A— Captain Henry I. Hayden. 

Company B— Captain John C. Griffing. 

Company C— Captain John W. Murray. 

Company D— Captain William H. Riblet. 

Company E— Captain Wm. A. Speaight. 

Company P— Captain Edward O. Bird. 

Company G— Captain Lyman Tiffany. 

Company H— Captain Henry C. Shumway. 

Company I— Captain Edward G. Arthur. 

Company K— Captain James Ray. 

Officers of day and distinguished guests in 50 carriages. 

Peter Ward, Mayor of Newburgh, Chairman of the Committee in Charge. 

Hon. Joel T. Headley, President Washington's Headquarters Commission. 

Hon. Thomas F. Bayard, Presiding Officer. 



Hon. Wm. M. Evarts, Orator. 

Mr. Wallace Bruce, Poet. 

Rev. S. Irenaeus Prime, D. D., Chaplain. 

Hon. William E. Chandler, Secretary of the Navy. 

Hon. Grover Cleveland, Governor of New York, and Staff. 

Hon. Augustus O. Bourn, Governor of Rhode Islrnd, and Staff. 

Major-General Carr and Staff. 

Major-General Shaler and Staff. 

Members of the Joint Congressional Committee, viz.: 

Hon. Lewis Beach, Hon. Warner Miller, Hon. J. H. Ketcham, 

Hon. Joseph R. Hawley, Hon. A. G. Curtin, 

Hon. Amos Townsend. 

Brevet Major-General W. D. Whipple, A. A. G. 

Major Asa B. Gardner, Judge Advocate, and 

Captain G. S. L. Ward, Aide-de-Camp, 

of General Hancock's Staff. 

Common Council of City of Newburgh. 

Delegates Society of the Cincinnati and 100 distinguished guests 

SEGOND DIVISION. 



B. B. Moore, 
Augustus Senior, 
Albert N. Chambers, 
G. Gartzman, M. D., 
G. Fred Wiltsie, 



J. S. Wiseman, 
E. A. Brown, 

Kelsey Fullagar, 
James Ogden, 
John A. Staples. 



Battalion of 5th U. S. Artillery, dismounted. 

Governor's Island Band. 

Brevet Brigader-General R. H. Jackson, commanding. 

Company A— Captain and Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel B. Beck. 

Company B— Captain N. E. Van Reed. 

Company I-Captain G. W. Crabb. 

Company M— Captain G. V. Wier. 

Naval Brigade, from North Atlantic Squadron, 800 men. 

Marine Band, 20 pieces. 

Pioneer Corps. 

Commander A. V. Reed, U. S. N., commanding. 

Lieutenant C. E. Callahan, U. S. N., Adjutant-General. 

Marine Battalion— Captain W. S. Muse, U. S. N., Commanding. 

Infantry Battalion (Sailors)— Lieut. R. P Rodgers, U. S. N., commanding. 

Artillery Battalion— Lieut. G. W. Tyler, U. S. N., commanding. 

Rear-Admiral G. H. Cooper, staff and officers of fleet, in carriages. 

Tenth Separate Company, of Newburgh, 40 men. 

Tenth Regiment Band, of Albany, 24 pieces. 

Captain J. M. Dickey, commanding. 

Putnam Phalanx Battalion, of Hartford, 125 men. 

Battalion Drum Corps, 14 pieces. 

Alvin Squires, Major, commanding, and staff. 

First Company— Captain C. A. Case. 

Second Company — Captain Joseph Warner. 

Honorary Corps- Captain J. W. Welch. 

Nineteenth Separate Co., N. G. S. N. Y., of Poughkeepsie, 60 men. 

Drum Corps. 

Captain Haubennestel, commanding. 

Twenty-third Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., of Brooklyn, 550 men. 

Twenty-third Regiment Band, 50 pieces. 

Fife and Bugle Corps, 20 pieces. 

Colonel Rodney C. Ward and Staff. Lieutenant Colonel J. B. Frothingham. 

Major C. L Fincke. 

Company G-Captain Alfred H. Williams. 

Company E— Captain Arthur Guthrie. 

Company H— Captain Alexis C. Smith. 

Company K— Captain Charles E. Waters. 

Company F— Captain George H. Pettit. 

Company B— First Lieutenant Willard L. Candee. 

Company C— Captain Ezra De Forest. 

Company A — Captain Arthur B. Hart. 

Company D— Captain Darius Ferrv. 

Third Regt., N. G. S. N. J. (Garfield Legion), EHzabeth, N. J., 400 men. 

Third Regiment Band, 25 pieces. 

Colonel E. H. Ropes and Staff. Lieut.-Colonel M. N. Oviatt. Major A. B. Lee. 

Company A — Captain G. C. Amerod. 

Company B-Captain J. V. Allstroon. 

Company D— Captain John D. Stroud. 

Company C— Captain W. H. DeHart. 

Company G— Captain O. S. Stanhope. 

Company E, Seventh N. J., 70 men— Captain .\. J. Buck. Temporarily attached 

to Third New Jersey Regiment. 



46 



NEWBURGH 



Cadet Battalion of the Peekskill (N.Y.) Military Academy, 125 strong. 

Drum Corps. 

Colonel \Yright commanding. 

THIRD DIVISION. 

Marshal, Edward D. Hayt. 
C. L. Waring, Chief of StafiE. 
Aids: 
Wm. T. Peters, Edward Whelan, 

John Smith, W. H. Van Sciver, 

Edward Stocker, F. H. Slason, 

M. V. Waring, C. P. Wells. 

Thirteenth Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., of Brooklj-n, 600 men. 

Dodworth's Thirteenth Regiment Band, 50 pieces. 

Drum and Bugle Corps, 30 pieces. 

Colonel David E. Austin and Staff, Lieutenant-Col. Theodore B. Gates. 

Major W. B. Tyson. 

Regimental Veteran Corps, Col. Willoughby Powell. 

Company G— Captain William L. Watson. 

Company H— Captain C. P Kretchmar. 

Company D— Captain Edward Fackner. 

Company I-Captain James S. Manderville. 

Company K— Captain George B. Squires. 

Company F— Captain William H. Courtney. 

Company C— Captain F B. S. Morgan. 

Company A— Captain Wm. L. Collins. 

Company D— First Lieut. D. M. D. 

Company B— Captain Ed. M. Smith. 

13th Regiment Battery, Captain G. W. Corcoran. 

Fifth Separate Company, of Ne%vbiu-gh, 60 men. 

Moscow's Newburgh City Band, 16 pieces. 

Fife and Drum Corps, 12 pieces. 

Captain J. T. Chase, commanding. 

Co. H, Seventy-first Regt., N. G. S. N. Y., of New York City, 60 men. 

Capta 

Fifteenth Separate Company, of Poughkeepsie, 40 men. 

Drum Corps. 

Captain Berthold Meyers, commanding. 

Eleventh Separate Company, of Mount Vernon, 40 men. 

Mount Vernon Band, 15 pieces. 

Captain J. M. Jarvis, commanding. 

Fourth Separate Company, of Yonkers, 40 men. 
Captain Isaiah Frazier, commanding. 

Twenty-third Separate Company, of Hudson, 60 men. 

Drum Corps, 18 men. 

Captain E. R. Elting, commanding. 

G. A. R. BRIGADE. 

Assistant Marshal, W. H. Mickle. 
Staff— D. L. Kidd, George Barber, W. T. Talmadge, 
Egbert Lewis. 

Ellis Post, No. 52, of Newburgh, So men. 

Tottenville Band, 19 pieces. 

W. H. Mills, commanding. 

Uniformed Delegates, 120 men. 

Rankin Post, No. 10, of Brooklyn, 150 men. 

14th Regiment Band, 20 pieces. 

J. H. Walker, commanding. 

Delegates from other Posts, 100 men. 

Harry Lee Post, No. 21, BrookljTi, 60 men. 

Drum Corps, 35 pieces. 
J. R. McNaughton, commanding. 
Delegates from other Posts, 40 men. 

Howland Post, No 4S, of Fishkill, 24 men. 
Stephen Price, commanding. 

Carroll Post, No. 279, of Port Jer\ds, 75 men. 
Emmett's Band of 18 pieces. 
Sol. Van Etten, commanding. 

Pratt Post, No. 127, of Kingston, 150 men. 

Post Drum Corps. 

R. W. Anderson, commanding. 

George G. Meade Post, No. — , of Brooklyn, X. Y., 100 men. 



Abram Vosburgh Post, No. gs, of Peekskill, 75 men. 

Band. 

W. A Sipperly, commanding, 

Waldron Post, No. S2, of Nyack, 60 men. 

Band. 

Louis L. Robbins, commanding. Accompanied by Commander W. H. 

Myers and 20 men from Silliman Post, No. 172. 

John Hancock Post, No. 253, of N5-ack, 40 men. 

Band. 

George F. Morse, commanding. 

J. H. Ketcham Post, No. 88, of Wappingers Falls, 40 men. 

Band. 

James Fenton, commanding. 

First Company, Washington Continental Guards, N. Y. City, 24 men 
Drum Corps, 12 pieces. 

Independent Veteran Volunteers, of Poughkeepsie, 20 men. 
Captain W. Platto, commanding. 

Veterans of the 124th N. Y. S. Volunteers. 

FOURTH DIVISION. 

Marshal, John R. Post. 

Chief of staff, E. R. Hasbrouck. 

Aids: 

G. W. Townsend. Ward Belknap. 

West Point Band, 30 pieces. 

Knights Templar Battalion. 

Hudson River Commandery No. 35, K. T., of Newburgh. 

Commander, Eminent Sir Knight J. Searle; 100 men. 

Poughkeepsie Commandery, No. 43, K. T., of Poughkeepsie. 

Commander, Eminent Sir Knight A. F. Lindley; 50 men. 

Knights of Pythias Battalion. 
Albany Uniformed Division, No. 2, of Albany. 
Commander, Sir Knight M. J. Severence ; 60 men. 

lona Uniformed Division, of Haverstraw. 
Commander, Sir Knight Alonzo Bedell; 51 men. 

Odd Fellows Battalion. 

Brooklyn Uniformed Degree, Camp No. 2. 

Commander Sidney S. Rowland; 65 men. 

Washington Uniformed Degree, No. 10, of New York City, 

Commander Lewis Noltej 40 men. 

Highland Falls Lodge, No. 429, of Highland Falls. 

John F. Tucker, N. G.; 40 men.' 

Cornwall Lodge, No. 340, of Cornwall. 

Henry Reveley, N. G.; 25 men. 

MisceUaneous Societies. 

German Mannerchor of Newburgh. 

Theo. Ramstedt, President; 40 men. 

Juvenile Temperance Association of Newburgh; 80 strong 

George W. Bradley, President. 

FIFTH DIVISION. 

Marshal, Chief Engineer Nicholas Powell. 

Staff: 

Assistant Engineers of Newburgh Fire Department. 

Visiting Companies. 

Sixth Battery Band, of Binghamton. 

Alert Hose Company, No. 2, of Binghamton. 

J. W. Butler, Foreman; 50 men. 

Erie Cornet Band, of Port Jervis. 

Delaware Hose Company, No. 2, of Port Jer\'is. 

E. B. Wilkinson, Foreman; 40 men. 

V. M. C. A. Band of Yonkers. 

Lady Washington Hose Company, No. 2, of Yonkers. 

James McVicar, Foreman; 75 men. 

Yonkers Brass Band; 15 pieces. 

Hudson Hose Company, No. 4, of Yonkers. 

Benjamin Cline, Foreman; 40 men. 

Peekskill Comet Band, 

Courtland Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1, of Peekskill, 

Charles R. Swain, Foreman; 45 men. 

North Tarrytown Fire Patrol, of North Tarrytown. 



NEWBURGH. 



47 



Tarrytown Cornet Band; 17 pieces- 

Pocantico Hook and Ladder Company, No. — , of Tarrytown 

John P. Kelly, Foreman; 40 men. 

Rhinebeck Brass Band, 14 pieces. 

O. H. Booth Hose Company, No 2, o£ Poughkeepsie, 

E. O. Caldwell Foreman ; 60 men. 

Hurley Brass Band, of Kingston. 

Kingston Hose Company, No. 2, of Kingston. 

H. A. Burgan, Foreman. 

Goeller's Band, 14 pieces. 

Weber Hose Company, No. 3, of Rondout. • 

R. P. Carter, Foreman; 27 men. 

Band. 

Protection Hose Company, No. i, of Catskill, 

Spencer C. Phillips, Foreman; 30 men. 

Washington Hose Company, No 3, of Newburgh, 

Henry Scott, Foreman, 

NEWBURGH FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

Montgomery Band, of Montgomery, N. Y. 

Brewster Hook and Ladder Company No. i, of Newburgh, 

Wm. W. Boyd, Foreman. 

71st Regiment Band, of New York. 

Ringgold Hose Company No. i, of Newburgh, 

John Ernest, Jr., Foreman. 

2ist Regiment Band, of Poughkeepsie. 

C. M. Leonard Steamer Company, No. 2, of Newburgh, 

C. S. McKissock, Foreman. 

Piano's Band, of Fishkill, 

Columbian Hose Company, No. 2, of Newburgh. 

J. H. R. Strachan, Foreman. 

Jlillerton Band, of Millerton. 

Highland Steamer Company, No. 3, of Newburgh, 

H. C. Mellor, Foreman. 

Eastman's College Band, of Poughkeepsie. 

Chapman Hose Company, No. 4, of Newburgh, 

Thomas H. Burke, Foreman. 

Collins' Band, of Newburgh. 

Washington Steamer Company, No. 4, of Newburgh, 

Alex. J. Blitt, Foreman. 

Cline's Albany City Band, of Albany. 

Lawson Hose Company, No. 5, of Newburgh, 

D. C. Cameron Foreman. 

Grand-Stands were placed at intervals along the route. The 
reviewing stand was in front of the Court House, in Grand Street, and 
when the procession arrived there the distinguished guests left their 
carriages and entered the stand, all the bodies saluting when they 
passed. 

After the parade exercises were held at the Headquarters. 

ORDER OF EXERCISES. 
I Introductory Overture— " William Tell ". ...Cappa's 7th Regt. Band. 

2. Assemblage called to order by Hon. Peter Ward, Mayor. 

3. Prayer Rev. S. Irenasus Prime, D. D. 

4. Te Deum, "We Praise Thee, O God," by Dudley Buck. Grand Cho- 

rus by 500 Voices and Band. 

5. Introduction by United States Senator Thomas F. Bayard, President 

of the afternoon. 

6. " Hail Columbia " Chorus and Band. 

7. Reading of a Poem (.original) "The Long Drama from '76 to '83." 

Wallace Bruce. 

8. (a) Music by Cappa's Band. 

(d) Chorus, "No King but God." 
g. Oration Hon. William M. Evarts. 

10. Benediction Rev. Dr. John Forsyth, of Newburgh. 

11. March Cappa's Band. 

At night occurred a magnificent fireworks displajr from floats in 
the river. Many additional excursion boats had aiTived early in the 
evening, and the bay was filled with craft. The men-of-war and the 
yachts were brilliantly decorated with colored lights, and besides set 
off a great number of fireworks, thus supplementing the prescribed 
exhibition. A large portion of the population viewed the spectacle 
from the balconies and windows of their homes, while others congre- 
gated on the nouse-tops down town and on the steamboats. The 
chorus ot steamboat whistles on this occasion will long be remembered 
by those who heard it. 

The celebration was in charge of a committee of five — Mayor 
Ward, ex-Mayor J. J. S. McCroskery, Hon. Joel T. Headley, Hon. 



John C. Adams and Hon. M. H. Hirschberg, with Dr. R. V. K. 
Montfort as clerk ; and under their directions were several sub-com- 
mittees. Congress appropriated §25,000, the Legislatm-e SiS.ooo, the 
Common Council about $7,500, and citizens subscribed about $5,000. 
Thirty-five thousand dollars was reserved for a monument at Wash- 
ington's Headquaters. 

The press of the whole country, with one accord, complimented 
Newburgh for " the most successful and the finest of all the centennial 
celebrations." We quote a few of their expressions: 

JVe7e^ York Observer — " The Committee of Arrangements had 
been hard at work for many months in making preparations, and 
their energy, wisdom and patriotism were fully rewarded by a 
magnificent celebration, and a perfect success, not an accident having 
occurred, and no failure in anything having marked the admirably 
arranged program." 

Ne-u.1 York Sun — " The procession was a very remarkable one in 
its length, order and beauty. The oldest New Yorkers never saw 
anything that they 
think excelled it. 
General Hawley, 
of Hartford, said 
he never saw any- 
thing like it." 

New 1 'ork Com- 
mercial Ad7'ertzs- 
rr— "The fire pa- 
rade was the finest 
ever seen in this 
section." 

The New York 
Herald—" It was 
a glorious day, and 
the little city on the 
Hudson had as fine 
a military turnout 
in its streets as has 
been seen any- 
where in the coun- 
try this great while. 
* * * * Though 
perfected slowly, 
the arrangement 
of the procession 
was skillfully car- 
ried out, and after 
the start was once 
made there was 
not the slightest 
hitch." 

New York Mail 
and Express — 
"The Newburgh 
Centennial was a 
perfect and mag- 
nificent success. 
The day was glor- 
ious; the attendance was immense; the parade was splendid; the ar- 
rangements were judicious and well carried out; the pageant was a 
worthy culmination of a long series cf centennials, and the oration, by 
Mr. Evarts, w-as a great effort, both as a historical review of a most 
interesting and touching episode in the history of Washington and of 
the country, and as a grand oratorical display." 

New York Star—" The account of the celebration given elsewhere 
tells with what spirit and zeal the people of Newburgh worked up 
and carried out one of the most interesting and successful of our 
centennial celebrations." 

Hudson Register — " Newburgh has been drawn upon to its utmost 
limits, and has proved equal to the emergency. The narrow streets 
and narrower pavements are packed with a moving, surging throng 
of human beings, but the utmost order prevails, and there is little 




BOOT OF ONE 


OF RIEDESEL 


S DRAGOONS— (h 


ESSIANS) 


A 


Washington's 


Headquarters. 






The man was 


taken prisoner at Saratoga in 


1777. 


He 


traveled on 


foot with othe 


prisoners on the 


ir wa 


to 


Easton, Pa. 


wearing boot 


s of which this 


s one 


as 


far as Middlehope (North 


Newburgh), whe 


e he 


ex- 


changed th 


m for a lighte 


pair. 







N E W B U K G H 



work for the large police force brought into requisition as a precau- 
tionary measure." 

Brooklyn Eagle — "Yesterday's celebration at Newburgh trans- 
cended the expectations of the most sanguine in almost every respect. 




THE TOWER OF VICTORY. 

The crowd that attended the ceremonies immensely overtaxed the 
capacity of the little town ; the best of order prevailed ; there was 
only one accident worth mentioning ; the pageant was imposing, citi- 
zens, soldiery and ships of war contributing all they could to the gen- 
eral effect ; and lastly, the orations were excellent. The weather 
favored the celebrants generously, and the main regret the thousands 
who participated in it could feel was that all their friends could not 
share with them the pleasure they felt. It is worth noticing that the 
preparations made by the people of Newburgh, and the State and 
General Governments, were singularly quiet and unostentatious, and 
that the fact greatly exceeded the promise." 

Kingston Frcfman—'' The celebration at Newburgh on Thursday 
was m no sense a local or even a State affair, but it can fitly be termed 
a national demonstration and a glorious commemoration of the cen- 
tennial of the Revolutionary War. It was more than a great day for 
the city set on a hill, and well may its citizens feel proud of the cele- 
bration down to the smallest detail. The most captious critic could 
not possibly find even a point to harp on. * * * All honor to the 
Committee of five ! All honor to Newburgh's citizens, public and 
private ! They undertook an immense undertaking, and how grandly 
it was carried out will be a story that will be told again and again, 
both by young and old who were there. That the marshals did 
their work well, with precision and good judgment, was conceded by 
all." 

The memorial monument, or "Tower of Victory," standing on 
the northeast corner of the Headquarters' ground at Newburgh, is 
the result of a movement which was originated in the years 1S80-S1, 
the primal design of which was to mark by a fitting monument not 
only that spot, but also the encampment grounds at New Windsor 



and those at Fishkill. This design, however, was subsequently 
changed to a single monument at Newburgh which should commem- 
orate the whole, and with this conclusion the matter was placed 
in the hands of a committee of Congress and the Secretary of 
War, who approved plans submitted by Mr. 
Maurice J. Power, of New York, drawn 
by Mr. John H. Duncan, architect. Some 
changes were made in these plans resulting 
in the structure as it appears. The dimen- 
sions or ground lines of the monument are 
3- by 32 feet, with a total height of 53 feet. 
The four large archways open into an 
atrium and stairways leading into a belve- 
dere. In the centre of the atrium is a 
bronze statue of Washington, copied from 
Houdon's celebrated model by Mr. WiUiam 
Rudolph O'Donovan, and is presumed to 
be life-size as well as a true ideal of Wash- 
ington's person. 

Resting in niches on the walls are four 
bronze figures representing the four arms 
of the service in the army of the Revolution 
— the Dragoon, the Artilleryman, the 
Rifleman and the Line Officer — which 
are claimed to be dressed in exact cos- 
tumes of the times. Four large bronze 
gates bearing seals and coats-of-arms of 
the thirteen original States guard the 
approach to the atrium, and are raised 
and lowered by portcullis. A bronze tab- 
let is set on the exterior east wall with 
a figure of Peace in relief. It bears this 
inscription; "This monument was erected 
under the authority of the Congress of the 
United States, and of the State of New 
York, in commemoration of the dis- 
bandment, under proclamation of the 
Continental Congress of October iS, 17S3, 
of the armies by whose patriotic and miU- 
tary virtue our National Independence and 
■ignty were established." The total cost of the monument was 




GOV. GEORGE CLINTON. 



LOCATION AND SURROUNDINGS. 



Advantages of Newburgh's Situation — Highland Terrace — Contributing 

District and Neighboring Villages — Beautiful Drives — Nature's 

Handiwork — Historical Associations and Legends. 




'W 



EWBURGH is situated on the margin of the Hudson, 
on the face of its western bank — which rises from the 
water in wide terraces — and on the plain to which the 
terraces ascend. It presents a beautiful appearance 
from the water, or opposite shore, especially when 
lighted up by the morning sun, or by countless lamps 
at night. The natural scenery about Newburgh has 
an aspect of mingled grandeur and beauty, peculiar and unrivaled. 
Before the city is the lofty range of the Fishkill Jlountains, on which 
signal fires were lighted during the Revolution, and the group of the 
Highlands through which the river flows. These are re- 
flected in the broad and beautiful bay, broken by one soli- 
tary rock island, and at all times animated by water craft. 
The city is sixty miles from the mouth of the Hudson, 
and one hundred from the head of navigation. Its harbor 
is the best on the river, which is here a mile and a quarter 
wide, with a deep and clear channel from shore to shore. 
The whole length of the river front is lined with docks. 



main turnpikes, from all parts of Orange and the adjoining counties 
concentrate here, and are interlaced with innumerable subordinate 
highways. Two score of villages are within contributing distance, 
and a thickly settled farming country. Directly across the river are 
two important manufacturing villages, Fishkill and Matteawan; 
southward on the river are Cornwall, Cold Spring, West Point and 
Highland Falls; and northward, also on or very near the river, are 
Carthage Landing, New Hamburgh. Marlborough, Milton and 
Wappingers Falls — all within 



Numerous steamboats connect 




^ GRAND AVENUE. 

The largest ships that enter New York Harbor may have an 
unobstructed and unchanging channel up the Hudson to New- 
burgh Bay. Along the western bank, from Kingston south, a dis- 
tance of ninety miles, the Palisades, the Highlands, and the 
precipitous nature of the shore elsewhere, afford no advantageous 
sites for large towns, except at Newburgh; and the flats, character- 
istic of the east shore, and the unfavorable nature of the bank, are 
obstructions to the buildmg of large commercial towns on that side. 
Newburgh is the chief city of Orange County— a district famed 
for its butter and milk, horses and cattle— and the largest commercial 
and manufacturing city between New York and Albanv. A dozen 



twelve miles of Newburgh. 
with every other city, and with 
almost every village, on the river, 
some oi the craft being engaged 
exclusively in the Newburgh 
trade. 

Besides being located on tide- 
water, Newburgh is an import- 
ant railroad center, having the 
advantages derived from five 
great inter-State routes, and the 
lesser benefits of two or three 
smaller roads. 

The city is very compactly 
built, with few breaks in the 
blocks of buildings in the main 
portion. The houses are mainly 
constructed of brick. The place 
has a solid, substantial and en- 
terprising appearance. 

In the immediate suburbs, just 
outside of the legal boundary 
lines, which, though outgrown, 
have not been extended since the 
lULorporation of the village in 
I -'uo, is a large and wealthy popu- 
lation, inhabiting charming 
country-seats, with ample 
grounds prettily ornamented. 
Beyond is a g^eat farming 
country, where the deep, warm soil is highly cultivated and pro- 
ductive. Near the river fruit-growing is the principal business of 
the farmers ; elsewhere dairjang receives the most attention. 

The mountain formations south and west of us have been Ukened 
to Nature's arm thrown lovingly around us. Willis said they ap- 
peared to him " like a waving arm — like a gestiu'e from Nature, and 
an invitation to come in and look around )-ou." It is the section 
mainly within the curve of this bent arm, a ten-mile plain that was 
years ago named " Highland Terrace," which we will attempt to de- 
scribe in this chapter The terrace we speak of has an average 
elevation of one hundred and twentv feet above the Hudson. Except 

[49] 



50 



NEWBURGH 



where villages clot its broad expanse, it is divided into well-ordered 
farms, with walls and fences in good repair, roads hard and smooth, 
the orchards full, neat capacious houses, and ample barns, and 
the whole section quite rid of angularity, and having the graceful- 
ness of a long-settled country. The drives are varied and beautiful, 
and a curious as well as a picturesque feature of the landscape, 




GLEN 



is the multiplicity of deep glens. They are formed by the many 
streams that cross the plateau — and the river into which they 
empty being far below the level of the country, they have grad- 
ually worn beds much deeper than the ordinary stream. At every 
mile or so you will come to a sudden descent into a richly-wooded 
vale, having visions of beauty everywhere, a winding brook at the 
bottom, and romantic recesses, with a glimpse of — 



•The 



■ that mi 
; stops on the i 



so grandly along, 
: to ripple a song." 



From every little rise of the road, you must remember, the broad 
bosom of the Hudson is seen, with the mountains in the background. 
Any lover of nature will understand to what degi-ee sunsets and 
sunrises and moonlights are embellished by such surroundings. 
Along the river, with land highly priced for ornamental residences, 
are some of the smoothest as well as the most romantically beautiful 
of drives. It is a tempting trip along any of them when the hills 
throw their afternoon shade. 

For our first excursion let us drive directly northward, where we 
have the choice of two lovely suburban roads, which, running through 
the city only two hundred feet apart, touch each other at the city 
line, then again two miles further on at the Balmville Tree, and 
finally unite, after running parallel for five miles, on the farther side 
of Cedar Hill. Both are wide and smooth, and lined all the way 
with country-seats, with their green lawns and commanding river 
vistas. Let us enter one of these Newburgh homes. The open gate 
admits us to the smooth avenue. We have glimpses of an arbor 
vitse hedge, a small and exquisite lawn — rare and flowering trees, 
and bushes bey<md — a lustrous and odorous thicket, a gleam of the 



river below — "a feeling" of the mountains across the river. The 
grounds, though comprised of but five acres, are laid out in a large stj-lc, 
that greatly enhances their apparent extent. A portion of the city 
lies at the bottom of the hill, between the garden and the river, and 
there is a road at the foot of the garden. But so skilfully are the 
trees arranged that all suspicions of town and road are removed. 
The enchanted visitor sees only the garden ending in the thicket, 
which is so dextrously trimmed as to reveal the loveliest glimpses of 
the river, each a picture in its frame of foliage, but which is not low 
enough to betray the presence of road or town. An extensive walk 
exhibits a complete botanical circuit of plants arranged in a scientific 
manner — a rock-work for Alpine plants, a hot-house for superb tropi- 
cal plants, and a pond for an aquarium, in which the water lilies and a 
number of the aquatic plants are thriving. The house is externally 
simple, but extremely elegant ; indeed its chief impression is that of 
elegance. It is an EHzabethan style, designed to prove that a beau- 
tiful, durable and convenient mansion could be built as cheaply as a 
poor and tasteless temple. The house and its grounds are in con- 
formity with the sun'ounding landscape, and in obedience to the 
truest taste. 

Continuing on our way, we pass the site of Weigand's old log 
house, where General Wayne had his headquarters ; and farther on 
Hathaway Glen — where a brook tumbles down successive rocks 
through a magnificent gorge — and other little vales where rippling 
waters flow. Two miles north of the cit)' is the Balm of Gilead, 
which is certainly the oldest inhabitant. It is the largest tree in all 
the country round, being nearly twenty-five feet in circumference. 
There is a tradition that the old monarch was once only a drover's 
gad, which, being stuck in the ground, took root. It is soft wood, 
of the kind that grows from the shp. One day an old Middlehope 
preacher came along, and seeing the slender rod growing there. 




THE BALM OF GILEAD TREE. 

thought it wovild make a good gad. So he stopped his horse, and cut 

off the entire stock, and used it to enliven the movements of his nag. 

The old tree is a hub where several roads concentrate. One 

comes in from the northwest, from New Paltz, Plattekill, Modena, and 



NEWBURGH 



51 



Fostertown, bordered all the way by fine farms, mainly growing 
fruit. Another goes northward through Middlehope, past Cedar 
Hill Cemetery, and through the thriving villages of Marlborough and 
Milton, This is the principal highway through one of the best fruit 
districts in the land. It is a prosperous section where many varie- 
ties of fruit originated with men foremost in pomology-. It is 
remarkable to see the long trains of wagons laden with fruit going 
down to the wharves to meet the evening boats, just as in other sec- 
tions hundreds of loads of milk go down to the railroad stations and 
wharves. 

Another road from the Balmville hub runs over the hill past the 
Convent of the Sacred Heart, situated on a commanding eminence. 
Our drive goes along the river-shore on the edge of the Terrace, be- 
tween rows of green hedges and pretty country places. After a long 
but gradual descent to the margin of the river, we come to Roseton, 
where several large brickyards have almost destroyed the natural at- 
tractions of a once pretty cove. That green point a bit beyond, jut- 
ting into the river like a shapely index finger, is the Danskammer, 
which marks the northern extent of Newburgh Bay. Its wild 
attractiveness is somewhat marred by the railroads, but otherwise it 
is as Nature made it. Here the native Indians for many generations 
before the white man came met together to supplicate the Great 
Spirit. Its name signifies the devil's dance chamber. Before start- 
ing on expeditions the painted savages met here, built a 
fire, and danced about, shouting and making strange con- 
tortions. To the early settlers they seemed like hideous 
devils. They worshipped here in this rude way for near- 
ly a hundred )fears after the discovery of the Hudson. 

Not far away in a field on the hill, years ago, a farmer 
came to sow, and found a female form beautiful in death; 
her silken hair damp with the dew of the i^Iay morning, 
her white hands clasped over her brow, her pretty neck 
marked with the prints of ruthless fingers. In the plowed 
ground were the marks of footsteps, and by the fence the 
track of a wagon's turning. Among all the country folks 
none had seen that face before, nor could they find a trace 
of him who left in their peaceful community the speech- 
less evidence of a crime. 

Southward from Newburgh extend several other broad 
highways which split into feeders every few miles. One 
of these, after passing through a manufacturing district, 
crosses Quassaick Creek at its mouth. This creek is the 
southern boundary of the city, and has a dozen mills and 
factories on its banks from Orange Lake to the river. 
Near its mouth it flows through a deep valley called the 
Vale of Avoca. From a small glen a mile west of the 
river the chasm widens and deepens as you follow the 
course of the stream. The south bank sweeps ofE into a 
semi-circle, but again crowds against the creek just before 
its union with the Hudson. The banks on either side are 
over a hundred feet high and precipitous. To one passing 
the mouth of the stream in a boat the sides of the chasm 
once presented a gloomy pass, just wide enough for the water, 
railroad tracks run along its sides and cross the creek; but eve 
changes cannot wholly deface its olden charms. 

It was here an attempt was made to capture Washington while he 
had his headquarters at New Windsor village. In this vale lived a 
man named Ettrick. The tide set up close to his dwelUng in those 
days, and a boat could be launched and reach the Hudson in five 
minutes. This Ettrick professed to be a warm patriot, but those who 
knew him best looked on him with suspicion. This man and this 
spot were selected to effect Washington's capture. The plan pro- 
posed was to have a boat ready, and a party of Tories secreted in the 
wood near by when Washington should be in\nted to dinner. His 
daughter overheard a conversation that exposed this plot, and in- 
formed Washington of her suspicions, and begged him not to accept 
the invitation of her father to dinner. The dinner hour was to be 
late, so that it would be dark before the meal was over. Then the 
seizure was to be effected, and the captive borne off to the bosom 



of the Hudson. The boat, manned by strong rowers, would easily 
have reached the English vessels below West Point before Washing- 
ton would be missed. Instead of declining the invitation, he accepted 
it, but in the mean time ordered a detachment of his life guard to 
march to the place just at evening, and present themselves at the 
door. While Ettrick was engaged in conversation with his distin- 
guished guest, he heard their footsteps and the low command of 
their leader, and supposing them to be the detachment of Tories, he 
rose and laying his hand on Washington's shoulder, said; 

" I believe. General, you are my prisoner." 

" I believe not, sir, but you are mine," was the reply, as the life 
guard closed around him. 

He was immediately marched oft" and locked up. 

A mile below the vale we pass through the ancient village of New 
Windsor, a little collection of houses on the river-shore. The place 
is now given over to brick-making, but before and during the Revo- 
lution it was an important trading village. Its importance then 
exceeded Newburgh's, and it was predicted it would become the chief 
city of the central-Hudson valley. A large town was mapped out, 
and the work of the projectors may be traced in the few remain- 
ing streets, but it has its principal existence in old maps of record. In 
this httle hamlet General James Clinton lived after his marriage, and 
here his son DeWitt wns cradled. Subsequently James moved to his 




Now 
these 



VALE OF AVOCA, 

father's homestead in Little Britain. On the brow of the hill, on the 
east side of the road, stood the old Ellison house, celebrated as 
Washington's Headquarters at New Windsor. Washington came to 
this place in 1779, and again in 17S0, remaining till the Summer of 
1 78 1. When the British expedition passed up the river in 1777 
treasure was buried in the soil. On November 12, 1S69, Silas Corwin, 
while digging in his brick-yard, near the site of the headquarters, 
unearthed a Mexican water-jug, which was placed with the mouth 
downward resting on a flat stone. It contained 650 Spanish and 
Mexican silver dollars, which were bright and clean. The treasure 
was probably buried by someone who died without reveaUng his 
secret. 

A mile below New Windsor village is Plum Point, a wooded 
promontory at the mouth of the Moodna approached over a natural 
causeway. On Plum Point m the early part of the war for independ- 
ence was erected a battery of fourteen guns, designed to assist in 
maintaining obstructions to the navigation of the river which, at this 



52 



NEWBURGH. 



point, consisted of a chevaux-de-frise stretching across to PoUopel's 
Island. It was known in official orders as Captain Machin's battery. 
Outlines of its embrasures are still visible. In the vicinity of the 
battery are the remains of the cellar of the first dwelling-house in 
this county. Its owner was Colonel Patrick MacGregorie, a Scotch 
gentleman of fortune, who was chosen leader of a company of perse- 
cuted Presb\-terians, who emigrated from Scotland and settled on 
this beautiful spot. MacGregorie's brother-in-law, David Toshack, 
who claimed the title of " Laird of Minivard," opened a store on the 
south side of the creek and traded with the Indians. MacGregorie 
was appointed muster-general of the militia, and held other official 
trusts under the government. He was killed in the Leisler revolution 
in New York in 1691. Toshack was buried here, as were other 
members of the original coinpany, and ultimately the little settlement 
was lost in the shadows of history. All that remains to mark it is 
this old excavation. 

The northern side of Plum Point is washed by the Moodna (or 
Murderer's Creek), a fine clear stream that comes down from the hill 
country of Orange County The glen where we cross it is one of 
the most picturesque 
places hereabouts. 
It, too, has its le- 
gends, but space for- 
bids us telling the 
story of the sacrifice 
of the noble Indian 
Naoman and the 
massacre of the 
Stacey family. One 
of the tributaries of 
the Moodna is a 
brook that rushes 
from the glen at 
Idlewild, once the 
home of Nathaniel 
Parker Willis. In 
full view on the brow 
of the glen, two 
hundred feet above 
us, is his cottage. 
The whole acclivity 
is covered with the 
primeval wood. In 
this deep glen the 



brook flows in 



pic- 



turesque rapids and 

cascades over and among rugged rocks and overhanging trees 
and .shrubbery, with a rustic footbridge, the solitary testimony that 
man has ever penetrated this wild retreat. 

We are now on the skirts i>f Cornwall, where painters come for 
landscapes, professional men for exercise and inspiriting intercourse 
with nature, and youth for schooling amid pure and ennobling scener5\ 
There are many summer hotels and boarding houses and fine man- 
sions. Our road would take us up the side of Storm King if we 
would go and view the whole of Highland Terrace at our feet. Its 
summit afff)rds a view of a landscape at once one of the grandest 
and most beautiful that can be found in the Union. Rising as it does 
abruptly from the plain, the spectator gazing from this height is 
placed as it were upon a boundary, a frame of mountains extending 
quite round the picture. In this lies the Hudson, swollen into a 
lovely expanse of bay, and on either side the fine, cultivated lands of 
the rich old river counties — the clustered villages, the neat farm- 
houses and the elegant villas gleaming through the foliage that sur- 
round them. The soft green of the meadows, the golden hue of the 
grain fields, and the darker tints of the forests, the sparkling lustre 
of the river and the two small lakes west of Newburgh, which shine 
like sheets of silver — all these form a picture such as we may suppose 
greeted the eyes of Moses when he looked down upon the promised 
land. The valley is also interesting to those who are fond of studying 
the wonderful revolutions that have taken place on the face of our 



continent, as being the supposed bed of a lake, the southern bound- 
ary of which was the Highlands, through which the mass of waters, 
ha\'ing burst, found their way to the ocean, leaving the bed of the 
lake dry and forming the present channel of the river. Besides the 
proofs which the man of science finds in the formation of this valley 
— the various deposits, the erratic, rounded boulders scattered over 
the plain like huge marbles cast in sport from a giant hand — the ter- 
races of the river banks — the chain of mountains bearing witness to 
a sudden convulsion — all serve to convince you that you are looking 
upon a dry bed of a lake of noble dimensions. 

Our road would also take us over Crow Nest's weird mountain, 
through a labj-rinth of knolls, past small mountain farms inlanded 
among irreclaimable rocks, among them some contrived by hermits 
for inextricable privacy. A scion of a proud family after leaving col- 
lege expended a small competency In a farm on the ridge. After 
building his cottage he sought out a beautiful and poor girl, whoUy 
uneducated, married her, and commenced cultivating a \'irgin mind 
and a virgin farm, both with success. His wife grew a lady of un- 
common dignity and intelligence, and while they passed their even- 
ings with books, 
their farm and dairy 
were models by day- 
light. Here you pass 
through the f a i r 5- 
scenes of the Culprit 
Fay's romance of 
love and its trials, 
and coming out on a 
high promontory, 
the Hudson, long 
hidden, bursts into 
view again; and 
West Point nestles 
at your feet, framed 
in the grandest 
witcheries of nature 
unrestrained. 

Let us go back 
to the Moodna, 
where— 



DODNA. A little way up 

stands the building 
known as his headquarters. After its occupation by La Fayette it 
suffered very little change for years, the old stairways and 
quaintly-carved mantels being retained. Now tenantless, it is 
falling into ruins. The vault m the cellar, wherein it is said 
the money obtained under "the Dutch loan" was deposited, 
is still in good condition. The valley in which it is situated has an Ar- 
cadian quiet and a rare picturesqueness from the ancient pines. It 
has a history, too, from other causes than its association with the 
name of La Fayette. Just beyond the headquarters, at the foot of 
Forge Hill, Deacon Brewster, a Puritan, had a forge, with four fires 
and an anchory. The ore used was from the Forest of Dean mines. 
Here the chain which Peter Townsend forged at the Sterling Iron 
Works was partly put together. Grass-grown mounds cover the 
ruins of the old works. 

Leaving the valley of the ^loodna, we ascend Forge Hill to the 
tablelands of New Wmdsor, and on the old Continental road come 
to a picturesque old stone and frame house known as the headquar- 
ters of Generals Knox and Gates. The frame portion was erected 
by Colonel Thomas Ellison, in 1734, for his son John. The stone 
portion was built in 1754, William Bull being the builder. Generals 
Knox and Greene and Colonels Biddle and Wadsworth occupied 
three rooms in this house during five weeks in June and July, 1779; 
General Knox occupied three rooms as military quarters ten weeks in 
the fall of the same year; also, from the 20th of November, 1780, to 




NEWBURGH 



53 



the 4th of July, 17S1, two rooms as military quarters ; and from May, 
1782. to September, one room, making fourteen weeks. General 
Knox was Washington's chief of artillery. Altogether his residence 
here covered a period of over one year. The building was subse- 
qviently occupied by General Gates— December, 17S2, to April, 1783. 




REbiCENcE 



OF FRANCi: 



Two wide halls extend through the house, one in the main or stcne 
portion, and one in the frame part, or wing. In the latter the ceilings 
are only seven feet high, and show the heavy oaken beams. In the 
dining-room, which is in the main part of the house, the walls are 
panelled in oak, the handiwork of "William Bull. In the halls and in 
all the rooms are open fire-places, whose woodwork reaches to the 
ceiling. In the old days some of the fire-places could accommodate 
logs six feet in length. Up stairs are numerous storerooms and 
chambers, and the quaintest of all quaint stairways to the attic — a 
mere square "wellhole," with angular steps on two corners. The 
rooms all through the house are fitted with deep, roomy closets and 
wide window seats. The windows have little panes of glass, most 
of which have remained unbroken since they were put in. Tradition 
affirms that on one occasion the brilliant Mrs. Knox gave an enter- 
tainment here at which Washington was present, and opened the 
dance with Maria Colden, who is said to have been the daughter of 
Cadwallader Colden, jr. , of Coldenham ; that among the guests were 
Gitty Wynkoop and Sally Jansen, of Kingston, who were great belles 
in their day, and that a French officer who was present gallantly in- 
scribed with his diamond ring the names of the trio on one of the 
small window panes in the sash of the principal room. The glass 
with the graven names remained in the sash to attest the truth of 
the story for over one hundred years, and until recently removed to 
insure its continued preservation during a period when the house was 
not occupied. The mansion stands a short distance south of the 



New Windsor cantonment, on the Silver Stream that rises in the hills 
beyond Little Britain Square, and flows through the encampment 
ground into the Moodna. Here at the mansion it forms a lake, 
through which the highway crosses. From the lake the water was 
conducted to the wheel of one of the oldest flouring mills in the 
country, nestling under the trees on the 
edge of a deep ravine. 

Three hundred feet west of the house 
stands the first Methodist church m Orange 
County, erected by John Ellison in 1791. 
He occupied the first floor as a store, and 
the second floor was used for the religious 
services of the class he had started some 
years before. It was occupied by the 
pioneers of Methodism till 1S07, when the 
edifice on the hill was erected. 

Along the old grass-grown Continental 
road is the route to the last cantonment of 
the main army of the Revolution. It is the 
way along which came the recruits and 
supplies from New England to the army 
when in the Jerseys, and even when it was 
far down in Virginia with Cornwallis in its 
clutch. Washington and Knox and Gates 
and those other Generals have traversed it 
many times. As we drive along, the road 
begins to ascend a hill, a wide valley spreads 
out before us, and Snake Hill looms up 
ahead. We are upon the campground. 
The Silver Stream ripples along on our left; 
the eminence on which the Temple stood is 
on the right. 

"The eye of fancy backward looks 
Across a hundred years. 
And lo, on Snake Hill's southern slope 
The Temple reappears." 

Leaving the campground we pass a stone house that has on its 
northern gable the date of its erection — 1763. It was the house of 
Deacon Samuel Brewster, who had the forge and anchorage on the 
Moodna Soon our road intersects the turnpike leading to AVashing- 
ton Square, in the district known as Little Britain. This was once a 
district of such comparative importance that almost every place out- 
side of Newburgh was said to be in Little Britain. It was the home 
of the Clinton famil}' — Charles, James, George and DeWitt — who 
had a controlling influence in the affairs of the State and nation, and 
whose statesmanship, bravery and patriotism are recorded in the his- 
tories and encyclopaedias of the country. When Forts Montgomery 
and Clinton were carried by assault by the British, the American 
garrison, under Governor George Clinton, were dispersed through 
the mountains, and at length encamped at Washington Square, Gov- 
erner Clinton having his headquarters at the Falls house. At noon 
some soldiers brought to headquarters a man they had captured. 
The story is that the stranger asked to whose command the soldiers 
belonged, and they replied, "General Clinton's." As that was also 
the name of the British commander, the spy, for such he was, asked 
to be taken before him, expecting perhaps to be taken before Sir 
Henry Clinton. They took him to Mrs. FaUs's house, where, instead 
of Sir Henry CHnton, he found Governor George Clinton. Immedi- 
ately the prisoner was observed to put something into his mouth and 
swallow it. Dr. Moses Higby, who lived two miles east, was hastily 
summoned, and gave an emetic that brought forth a silver bullet. 
" Out of his own mouth " the spy, Daniel Taylor, was convicted. 
Inside the hollow sphere was found a message from Sir Henry Clin- 
ton to General Burgoyne, at Saratoga, telling him of the fall of 
Forts Montgomery and Clinton, and that there was nothing between 
them but Gates. This was the message for which Burgoj-ne long 
waited. Hurrying on the march to the defence of Kingston. Clinton 
took the spy along, and hung him at Hurley, almost in sight of the 
burning town of Kingston. 



54 



NEWBURGH 



Turning toward Newburgh again, we pass other historic land- 
marks, among them the home of Dr. Higby, whose name will be ever 
associated with the story of the Silver Bullet; and the residence of 




"ALDENDELL"— THE RESIDENCE OF JAMES M. WENTZ— Grand Aven 

Robert Boyd, the Revolutionary gun-maker, whose factor}' stood 
on Quassaick Creek. 

Ouassaick Avenue is another pretty drive. Starting from the great 
stone bridge over the Quassaick, it is one of the most fashionable 
residence suburbs — level, smooth and shaded. We 
pass handsome gateways, showing the way by 
winding roads to aristocratic residences partly 
hidden by stately trees, and see evidences of the 
highest art in landscape gardening. The avenue 
leads straight to Woodlawn Cemetery, two miles 
down, a pretty place, where some of the Clintons 
are buried, and where roads branch off right and 
left, the main highwaj' continuing on through the 
townships of Cornwall and Blooming Grove, pass- 
ing through the pretty villages of Vails Gate, 
Salisbury Jlills and Washingtonville. Branches of 
the Erie Railroad also run in this direction, con- 
necting Newburgh with the main line, both at 
Greycourt and near Turners. Along these roads 
are, besides some of the villages we have already 
named, Mountainville, Central Valley, Highland 
Mills and Craig\-ille, all of which contribute to 
Xewburgh's commerce. 

Westward and northwestward extend other 
highways that in the olden days freighted the 
commerce of a large section of country to the 
Hudson River at Xewburgh. The Newburgh and 
Cochecton Turnpike, built at the beginning of tht- 
century extends from the Hudson to the Delaware 
through many villages. Along it are many his- 
toric places, notably Coldenham, the home of the 
Golden family, and Montgomer\- village. The 
South Plank Road runs westerly to Orange Lake, 
Walden, Pine Bush and to EUenviUe on the Dela- 
ware & Hudson Canal. Orange Lake is a beautiful 
covering 4<jo acres. It 



and its outlet is Quassaick Creek. There is excellent fishing in its 

waters and shooting on its shores. There is a trotting track here, 

and Summer boarding houses. The Orange Lake Club, of Newburgh , 

have a clubhouse, where they have sports both 

summer and winter. 

The historical fact connected with the lake is, 
that shortly after the war there was a coinage mill 
or mint here, built on the outlet. It was erected by 
Captain Machin, first for a grist mill. In 1787 he 
formed a partnership with several New York men 
for the purpose of coining money, and the firm 
was afterward incorporated with a similar com- 
pany chartered by the State of Vermont. Copper 
was coined into money, Vermont money solely. 
The building was of wood 30.X40 feet and two 
stories high. The copper was obtained by melting 
cannon, leaving the zinc in the alloy. A Httle 
silver was coined also. The workmen sometimes 
wore masks to create a terror in the neighbor- 
hood. It is said that the first coin bearing the 
motto " E Pluribus Unum " was made at this mill. 
The enterprise was abandoned in 1790 on the 
adoption of the Constitution. During the war 
Captain Machin superintended the placing of ob- 
structions in the Hudson. He settled in Newburgh 
at the close of the war, but subsequently removed 
to Schoharie County, where he died in 1S16. 

Walden is a busy village on the Wallkill in the 
midst of a dairying country. A fall of forty feet in 
the river affords water power. The little town lies 
embosomed in evergreens on both sides of the 
river. The New York and the Walden Knife 
Companies' works are here, as well as engine 
works and other helpful industries. 

The North Plank Road is the route to the northwest, 
through various villages and districts. There are many other 
roads that might be named to show the facilities for reach- 




sheet of water 
is fed by internal springs and small streams. 



RESIDENCE OF MUNSON G. 



ing Newburgh by wagon, and the wide extent of the contributing 
district. 



A VISIT FROM LA FAYETTE, 




utterance 
May this 



|UESDAY evening, September 13, 1824, the beacon fires 
were blazing on the mountain tops, proclaiming that 
the ^Marquis de La Faj^ette would arrive in the village 
on the morrow. The Vesuvian appearance of these 
fires, reflected from shore to shore in the still waters 
of the Hudson in two long, trembling columns, was 
both grand and beautiful in the extreme, says a news- 
paper of the period. The Marquis had received a briUiant reception 
in New York, and came up the river on the chartered steamboat 
James Kent. In Newburgh elaborate preparation had been made. 
Two lofty arches, gaily decorated with green branches and flow- 
ers, spanned Water Street. The one near the store of Messrs. 
Reeve & Falls bore these inscriptions on opposite sides: 

Hail! La Fayette, Son of Liberty, Hail! 

Welcome once more to the land of the free. 
Where remembrance of thee and thy deed.s will prevail, 

And thy name with Washington's hallowed be. 

Hail to the Nation's Guest! 

The veteran hero 's welcome here, 
Where Washington dismissed 

His soldiers from their bright career. 

On the other arch was this greeting: " La Fayette and Liberty! 
Welcome, Illustrious Chief! " 

In Colden Street an arch displayed this sentiment, 
of La Fayette shortly after the close of the Revolution 
great monument raised 
to Liberty be an encour- 
agement to the oppress- 
ed and a warning to the 
oppressor. " 

In Smith Street an 
arch, equal in tasteful 
construction to any of the 
others, bore beneath a 
banner the words: " Our 
Friend and Hero, La 
Fayette." There were 
other arches and profuse 
decorations. 

The Long Room in the 
Orange Hotel had been 
beautifully o r n a mented 
for the occupation of the 
General, and he was 
pleased to remark that its 
appearance exceeded in 
elegance any other that 
he had entered in Amer- 
ica. At an early hour on 
Wednesday morning 
thousands of people were 
hastening to the village 
from the adjacent towns, 
and at three o'clock in the 
afternoon they were surg- 
ing through the streets and congregating on the wharves. Four 
companies of cavalry under the command of Colonel Charles C. 
Brodhead were conspicuous: and besides the three infantry com- 
panies of the village, led by Captain Myer and Lieutenants 




RESIDENCE OF J, ABNER HARPER- 



Smith and Carpenter, there was one from Fishkill Landing under 
Captain Stevens, and another from Washingtonville commanded 
by Captain Wyatt. It was a great disappointment that the late 
hour of the Genej-al's arrival prevented the military display with 
which as a soldier, he would have been gratified. But the steam- 
boat which conveyed him from New York ran aground, and her 
progress was prevented for three hours, so that it was near seven in 
the evening when she arrived at Reeve & Falls's dock. 

The troops were drawn up ready to receive him, and his landing 
was announced by a national salute from a pair of six-pounders. 
He was welcomed by the committee of arrangements, and presented 
to Major-General Smith and suit and to Colonel J. W. Brown and the 
officers in command of the cavalry and infantry. La Fayette being 
seated in a carriage, the procession moved through Colden, First and 
Smith Streets to the Orange Hotel, the houses being illuminated and 
all the bells ringing merrily. At the door he was received by the 
chairman of the committee and escorted to the Long Room, where 
he was presented to the Corporation of the village and addressed by 
President Francis Crawford, who said in part: 

" Although, Sir, at this place you will not find Washington and 
your former companions in arms, you will meet an ardent people who 
love you. Although you will not find (in our vicinity), those soldiers 
whose enthusiastic love of Liberty led them to encounter every 
danger without the hope of reward, you will meet a small remnant 
of that army, who, forgetting their age and wounds, have traveled to 
a distance from their homes to welcome the arrival of their old com- 
mander. And you will meet the children of those who boasted when 
living that they had 
fought b)^ your side in 
Carolina, at'Brandywine, 
at Yorktown, and were 
fed and clothed at your 
expense when languish- 
ing with disease or sink- 
ing under the severity of 
a rigorous climate." 

To which La Fayette 
replied in substance that 
he returned to the corpo- 
ration and the inhabitants 
of the Village of New- 
burgh his sincere thanks 
for the kind reception he 
met with from them, and 
for the remembrance of 
his former services; that 
he regretted extremely 
that he could not have 
arrived at an earlier hour; 
that it would have given 
him the greatest pleasure 
to have visited the house 
so long tenanted by the 
great Washington, and 
the ground where the 
American army had en- 
camped: that he felt the 
greatest satisfaction at 
the growth of our village 
and the increase of its population, and the prosperit\- and happi- 
ness of our country in general. 

General La Fayette was then introduced to a great number of ladies 
and gentlemen in attendance, and as soon as an opportunity offered 

[55] 



56 



NEWBURGH 



Johannes Miller, Esq. . president of the Agricultural Society of the 
County of Orange, presented him a diploma of that society, with an 
which the General made a short reply. 




RESIDENCE OF A. H. HAVEMEYE 

He then appeared on a balcony on the front of 
the Orange Hotel, under a large arch, and re- 
ceived the cheers and congratulations of the im- 
mense crowd which filled the street. 

About 9 o'clock a deputation from Hiram Lodge, 
F. & A. M., invited and accompanied the General, his 
son and M. Levasseur to the lodge room in the hotel 
building, where he was received with Masonic honors, 
and the Rev. Dr. John Brown deUvered to him an 
address, to which La Fayette made an eloquent and 
appropriate answer. After an introduction to his 
Masonic brethren, he retired to the rooms provided 
for him and partook of refreshments. He appeared 
to be much fatigued, and on being introduced to 
Colonel Brodhead he requested h'm to tender his 
thanks to the cavalry under his command for their 
attention. 

The clamor of thousands of people in the streets - 
to see him induced him to show himself again on the 
balcony, and he expressed to them his regret that 
unforeseen events had prevented him from arriving 
by daylight m the village where he was experiencing 
such a kind and marked attention. 

While the supper was preparing he, with some 
gentlemen of the Cincinnati Society and the Corpora- 
tion of New York, visited the ladies in the ball room 
at Crawford's Hotel, with the decorations of which 
he appeared much pleased. Declining a superb seat 
prepared for him he walked through the room among 



the ladies and affectionately took the hands of all. On his re- 
turning he expressed to one of the committee his great happi- 
ness in this short visit, and that there were ' ' many beautiful 
ladies in Newburgh." After 12 o'clock he 
sat down to supper with about one hun- 
dred gentlemen, and as he was about to 
arise, Mr. Hunn, one of the gentlemen of 
the reception committee, addressed him m 
behalf of the Revolutionary inhabitants of 
this vicinit)'. He said in part: 

"You have now around you many 
revolutionary characters (amongst whom I 
glory in being numbered), who, like you, 
heard the clang of battle and saw the blood 
of war, and whose tottering limbs and 
hoary locks do not prevent them from ex- 
ulting in the reflection that they fought and 
bled with Washington and La Fayette. * * 
* If your time had permitted, it was our 
intention to invite you to view the classic 
ground where the American Armj- rested 
upon their arms, after achieving the glorious 
object for which they were called together, 
where the immortal Washington, surround- 
ed by his brave and experienced generals, 
offered up to the omnipotent God of battles 
his thanksgiving and praise for favoring 
his arm to emancipate from the oppression 
of a foreign potentate three millions of his 
fellow beings and establish them a free, 
happy nation; and where he disbanded an 
army whose hearts he possessed, and like 
another Cincinnatus retired from the field 
of victory to the plough and the arms of 
domestic peace." 

The Marquis was then conducted by the 
committee to the steamboat, which left the 
dock about 2 o'clock, a. m., for Poughkeep- 
sie. A deputation from Newburgh accom- 
panied him to Poughkeepsie. 




RESIDENCE OF MRS. E. R. JOHNES— Balm 



A REMINISCENCE OF VILLAGE DAYS. 




By N. P. Willis, 



OuUDoors at lille^aild,'' 1855. 



lUT the most interesting shop in Newburgh would never 
be found out by the stranger. It is indeed, curiously 
contradictory in its looks and run of custom. You 
would go in and out of it and describe it as a cheap 
bakerj', one of those old-fashioned, dingy half-shops, 
with a long, single counter, on the street end of which 
is a glass case for tarts and cakes, while the remaining 
extension is covered with fresh loaves, scales and weights, brown 
paper and ginger-bread. It is partly a grocery, too ; and behind you 
against the wall, as you stand at the counter, are boxes of herrings, 
drums of figs, coffee-bags, peanuts, starch, soap, lemons, candles, and 
brooms. At the far end where the bags and barrels are set back to 
give a foot or two of space, there stands a cheap old stove, with a 
rusty funnel running up to the ceiling, and one or two old wooden 
chairs around it. In all Newburgh there is scarce so shabby a shop. 
Yet, in all Orange County there is not an apartment which receives 
such an amount of aristocratic society. With the first settlement of 
the town Chapman's bakery was the stopping place of the vehicles 
of the wealthy families of the country round about ; and in spite of 
a modern and spacious confectioner's shop a little further on, and 
larger and more comfortable "stores" of every kind, near by, the 
descendants of the old family aristocracy have continued to make the 
narrow baker's shop their place of gossip and gathering. Towards 
noon of every pleasant day. Winter and Summer, the handsomest 
equipages in the neighborhood begin to assemble along that part of 
the sidewalk at Newburgh. The gentlemen hand the ladies into 
the shop, and there, for two or three hours, is the place for rendez- 
vous, after the different errands of each, the place to be found by 
their friends at a distance, and the place to exchange news, and gos- 



door, are of 








' IDLEWILD"— THE HOME OF WILLIS.-Cornwall. 



sip away the morning. There are no better horses, more well- 
appointed turnouts, or neater coachmen, on any public promenade in 
in the country than are daily to be seen here. The gentlemen who 
group about the flagstone step, or inside the little j 
high consideration in the 
city, for their fortunes and 
family names. The ladies 
who lay their costly hand- 
kerchiefs down upon the 
flour-barrels and sit around 
the stove in the old whittled 
chairs, and eat ginger-nuts 
at the counter, are very fash- 
ionable persons in full prom- 
enade toilette. And so crowd- 
ed is the long shop, between 
eleven and two, that the boy 
who has looked in at the 
bow-window, and come in 
for his cent's worth of gin- 
ger-bread, fairly elbows his 
way into the " best society" 
to get at it. 

But the curious part of 
Chapman's bakery is, that it 
suffices for the social want N. P. WILLIS, 

of a large and wealthy neighborhood. There is no other so- 
ciety. Nothing like a "party" is ever given by the rich fre- 
quenters of the bakery. Dinner parties (in the common acceptation 
of the word among the people of the same 
fortunes) are unknown. Even calls on each 
other at their houses are rare. And this is 

_^ from no intended economy of time and money. 

r " - They lead lives of ample leisure, and are as 

liberal and cordial-hearted a set of people 
as any in the world. But the restless liquid, 
society, has been permitted to stand still, and 
this (the social chemist will be interested to 
know) is the natural precipitate. The Ducal 
Cascine at Florence — that centre of the public 
drive, where all the equipages of the fash- 
ionable meet and stand still at a certain 
hour, is the Chapman's bakery of the Tuscan 
Court and nobility, only that they differ 
from the Newburgh aristocracy in wanting 
balls and suppers besides. The English ex- 
clusives need a Hyde Park for a comparison 
of equipages, matinees for a comparison of 
out-door toilettes, and routs for the exchange 
of ideas and the bettering of acquaintances, 
but all these "first principles" are met and 
their wants supplied by Chapman's bakery, at 
Newburgh. Whether the bubbling cham- 
pagne of fashionable life all over the world 
would, if left long enough to itself, settle 
down into the same small modicum of full- 
ness of the social glass, is — open to dis- 
cussion. [57] 



58 



NEWBURGH 




WATER STREET— LOOKING NORTH FROM "THE SQUARE.' 















Bk^. iTnnip ^ 


r. 




^^^Hi^'' '" 


■ 


:■— •'-■fcp 




<$ip>^|^^H 








'■ 




•■■'■- 















BROADWAY- LOOKING EAST FROM DUBOIS STREET. 



STEPPING-STONES IN A CITY'S GROWTH. 



Newburgh's Progress in Ten Years. 




HE City of Newburgh was incorporated April 22, 1S65, 
and the first Mayor, Aldermen and other city officers 
were elected in the Spring of iS56. The incorporation 
was one of the encouraging results of a period of com- 
parative great prosperity and growth. The village had 
always made substantial progress, though during a 
certain period the growth was slow, owing to the de- 
pressing effects resulting from the change in the mode of inland trans- 
portation from stages to railroad trains, and from the exclusion of the 
village for a time from railroad communication. 

Without the financial ability to so control the enterprise of other 
communities as to render the modern avenues of communication which 
they have constructed tributary to the interests of Xewburgh, the 
capitalists and business men of the place made a bold strugy;le for 
)-ears against 
the combina- 
tions that 
threatened i t s 
overthrow. At 
each successive 
stage of the 
changes grow- 
ing out of the 
general devel- 
opment of the 
country success- 
ive generations 
have met the re- 
quirements that 
have been laid 
upon them. The 
labor, the liber- 
ality and the 
capital which 
were necessary 
in I 801 to carry 
the Cochecton 
turnpike to com- 
pletion were, 
considering the 
comparative 
value of capital 
and labor, equal 
to that involved 

in the construction of any railroad in the county. But it was not 
the only undertaking of that character; its capital of $126,000 was 
followed by a capital of $5,000 in the New Windsor turnpike, 
S90 000 in the Newburgh and Ulster turnpike, S35,ooo in the 
Newburgh and Sullivan turnpike, §14,000 in the Newburgh and 
Plattekill turnpike, and S14.000 in the Snake Hill turnpike — making 
a total of $284,000 expended for roads prior to 1S20. This sum 
was to some extent shared by residents along the lines of the roads, 
but the greater part was drawn from Newburgh.* 




LIBERTY STREET— LOOKING SOUT 



" History 



EOr 



age County, 



In 1S29 Newburgh undertook single-handed the construction of a 
railroad from the Hudson to the Delaware River, with a view to reach 
the coal beds of Pennsylvania; but the charter was permitted to be- 
come void. When the construction of the New York and Erie was 
commenced, an effort was made to connect the Hudson and Delaware 
with the Erie, and thus give Newburgh the eastern terminus; but 
through local jealousies and disagreements between the leading cap- 
itaUsts of Newburgh and of Goshen, in regard to the route which the 
Erie should take, Newburgh lost the prize which her people hoped to 
grasp. The road to the Delaware, however, was re-chartered and a 
portion of the route was graded. 

Under the financial revulsions of 1S37, work was suspended on both 
roads, but on the Erie it was soon resumed, and the road was com- 
pleted from Piermont to Goshen. At this time difficulties arose in the 

prosecution of 
the work on the 
Erie, and fresh 
efforts were 
made to secure 
to Newburgh 
some of the ad- 
vantages of its 
construction. 
This was ac- 
complished b y 
a n agreement 
on the part of 
the Erie Com- 
pany — confirm- 
ed by an act of 
the Legislature 
releasing the 
company from 
its Uability to 
the State— to 
construct a 
branch road to 
Newburgh. 

Newburgh's 
subscription to 
the construction 
of the Erie 
Branch amount- 
ed to one-third 
of its cost, and an additional sum of $145,000 by loan or endorse- 
ments. 

The road was opened with appropriate ceremonies in January, 1850, 
and was the first of the many railroads which now ' ' literally cover the 
county with a network of iron rails." In the meantime the Hudson 
River Railroad was building along the other side of the river. These 
roads encouraged the establishment of manufactories, and by thickly 
populating the surrounding country, served to build up a new country 
trade. 

The years 1S51-3 were remarkably prosperous; many enterprises 
were started, and among the more important were the Washington 

[59] 



FROM FARRINGTON STREET. 



6o 



NEWBURGH 



Iron Works, the Quassaick Bank, the Savings Bank, gas works and 
the present water works system. The construction of two plank 
roads, one to EllenviUe and the other to Shawang^unk, was also un 
dertaken, and both were completed, involving an expenditure of 
about §150,000. 

The population of the town and village increased from 9,001 in 
1845, to 15,196, in 1S60. In 1S62 the Warwick Valley Railroad was 
built from Greycourt to Warwick, and trains began running daily 
between Newburgh and Warwick. Of the capital stock ($100,000) 
Newburgh furnished $10,500. 

During the war the total number of enlistments from Newburgh 
was 2,410, and the total amount of money raised (aside from general 



and old ones extended, and the private building operations were 
considerable. 

In 1S6S-9 the Newburgh and New York Railroad was built, being 
completed in September of the latter year. It connected with the 
Erie at Turners and made a shorter route to New York than the old 
branch, and also brought Newbtirgh into easy communication with 
another section of the county. About the same period Newburgh 
capital contributed in a measure to the construction of the Dutchess 
and Columbia Railroad, now known as the Newburgh, Dutchess and 
Connecticut Railroad, and for a period a free ferry was maintained 
between this city and Dutchess Junction, the terminus of the road on 
the opposite side of the river. 




WATER FRONT— BEFORE THE 



taxes) was $367,644.94. But the sacrifices imposed on the town by 
the war were not without their recompense. Great activity was 
excited in channels which the war developed. The Washington Iron 
Works, for example, had so increased its business that in 1S65 its 
works covered twenty acres, and its monthly pay roll was $60,000. 
Other branches of business prospered likewise, and the prices of real 
estate and the compensation of labor were greatly enhanced. At 
the time of its incorporation the city had a population of 13,905, and 
with the town added, 17,389. 

The effect of the municipal reorganization was another impetus to 
business. Many public improvements were made, the facilities for 
public education wrre greatly multiplied, new streets were opened 



In the Winter of 1S67-S the Newburgh and Wallkill Valley Rail- 
road Company was organized, and in the ^lay following the Legis- 
lature made it lawful to borrow on the credit of the city $350,000 to 
aid the construction of the road, and to issue the bonds of the city 
therefor, on condition that the consent should be obtained in writing 
of a majority of the taxpayers, who should own or represent more 
than one-half (in value) of the real and personal property of the city. 
The route selected was from a connection at Vails Gate with the 
Newburgh Branch and the Newburgh and New York Railroad to 
Walden. But to that route a number of influential citizens objected, 
and, furthermore, the Newburgh and New York Railroad Company 
having made no tangible agreement to second the enterprise, the 



NEWBURGH 



result was the failure to obtain the necessary consent to bond the city. 
The Newburgh and Midland Railway Company was organized 
shortly afterward, mainly bjr the opponents of the Vails Gate route. 
George Clark was elected President; Odell S. Hathaway, Vice-Presi- 
dent; Alfred Post, Treasurer; John Dales, Secretary; and the 
Directors were, besides the above named, A. S. Cassedy, A. T. Rand, 
Bradbury C. Bartlett, Seth M. Capron, David Moore, James W. 
Taylor, Wm. R. Brown, W. J. Roe, jr., Lewis M. Smith and Wm. 
O. Mailler. An effort was made to bond the city for $500,000, and, 
what was presumed to be, the consent of taxpayers representing more 
than one-half of the value of the taxable property was obtained. 
The project was strongly opposed by the supporters of the Vails 



the condition of the city in which they lived. The project of building 
a road to the Wallkill valley has been agitated every few years since 
then. 

Newburgh experienced about the same effects from the reaction fol- 
lowing "war times" and from the panic of 1873 as did other cities, 
except that it continued to progress, and resumed its normal ac- 
tivity at the first sign of the returning tide of prosperity. In 1S75 the 
value of the annual products of the city was estimated at $3,369,175, 
of which the seven steam engine works produced nearly one-half. 

The past decade has been the most prosperous in the history of 
Newburgh. In iSSo the growth became so rapid and substantial, so 
tangible and definable, that it was popularly called in the language 




WEST SHORE RAILROAD WAS BUILT. 



Gate route, as the hne selected was to extend from the west end of the 
city to Walden, thence to Fair Oaks on the :Midland Railroad. County 
Judge Thomas George decided that the signatures to the petition did 
not represent one-half of the value of the taxable property of the 
city — $555,099 of the amount being held by executors, administrators, 
etc. , whose right to represent the trusts in this matter was denied. 
The General Term affirmed the decision, Justices Tappen and Gilbert 
concurring and Justice Barnard dissenting. That ended the project. 
These various enterprises, even though some of them failed, 
owing to honest differences of opinions, proved the remarkable public 
spirit, the energy and liberahty of our citizens in those days. They 
encouraged and contributed freely to all proper schemes to improve 



of the day " a boom." It has continued ever since, in apparently the 
same degree. All branches of business have felt the impulse, and 
under its enlivening effects the appearance of the city " has been 
transformed and its size greatly increased. The growth has been 
so remarkable for an eastern town as to attract wide attention. The 
population has increased about twentj'-eight per cent, in the ten years, 
and now (iSgi) it is estimated at abovit 24,000, not counting the large 
suburban population. Newburgh is a much larger and more import- 
ant city than would appear from a consideration of the space and pop- 
ulation enclosed within its corporate lines, and our people com- 
monly estimate that it is the center of trade for a population of 65,000. 
The number of our manufacturing industries has nearly doubled in 



62 



NEWBURGH. 



the past ten years, while in the value of their products they have in- 
creased many fold. Large districts within the corporate limits hitherto 
sparsely or altogether unoccupied, have been compactly built up, and 
both private and public enterprise has been greatly stimulated. The 
increase promises to continue in as great ratio for years to come, 
when Newburgh's advantages as a manufacturing city shall become 
more fully appreciated. 

One of the forces which imparted the impetus was the building of 
several new lines of railways to the city, opening up new sections and 
affording competing routes to all parts of the country. Seeing that 
every requisite — water and rail communication, cheap coal, cheap 
freight rates, nearness to the great trade center of the nation, a large 
population, and every desirable municipal convenience — awaited their 
hand, it was a natural consequence that manufacturers should be at- 
tracted to the place, and that those already here should put forth 
greater efforts. 

A NEW ROUTE TO THE EAST. 

Newburgh awoke Thursday morning, December S, iSSi, to find 
itself the western terminus of the New York and New England Rail- 
road, extending from the Hudson to the Atlantic, through Danbury, 
Waterbury and Hartford to Springfield, Worcester, Norwich, Prov- 
idence and Boston. 
The first work for 
this road on the east 
side of the river was 
beg^n March 27, of 
that year. A large 
tract of land was re- 
claimed from the 
river,piers and ferry- 
slips were built, 
tracks laid and sev- 
eral depot buildings 
erected. On this 
side a ferr y-s 1 i p 
was built in the Erie 
Railroad yard, and 
subsequently anoth- 
er in theWest Shore 
Railroad yard. The 
first regular passen- 
ger train arrived at 
Fishkill from the 
East in the morning 
of December 8, and 
passengers crossed 
the river on the 
ferry to Newburgh, 
and continued their 
journey westward. For 




IBERTY STREET— LOOKING NORTH FROM 



few weeks freight trains were ferried 
across the river by tugboats and scows, but on January 6, 1S82, the 
large transfer steamer William T. Hart arrived, and took her place on 
the route, and has ever since been engaged in transporting trains be- 
tween the Erie and West Shore, on the west side of the river, and the 
New York and New England, the New York Central, and the New- 
burgh, DutchesE and Connecticut on the east side. It is the largest 
transfer steamer on the Atlantic coast, being nearly three hundred feet 
in length, eighty feet width of beam, and capable of carrying twenty- 
seven cars in one load. It has two decks, and two engines and two 
boilers, working independently, and is steered by steam. As the 
distance is only about a mile between docks, and as the boat is kept 
running day and night, some idea can be formed of the heavy traffic. 
Passenger trains, as a rule, are not now transferred from shore to 
shore, but for a considerable period express trains were run without 
change between Washington and Boston, via Newburgh. Hundreds 
of freight cars are transferred daily, thus making a direct and cheap 
route between the New England States and the West and Southwest. 
The coming of the new road caused important enlargements in the 



railroad facilities in Newburgh. The Erie laid another track to Vails 
Gate Junction, made an additional switchyard, and built a new round- 
house at West Newburgh, and, in brief, practically doubled its 
already large terminal facilities here. 

BUILDING THE WEST SHORE. 

In the meantime the New York, West Shore and Buffalo Railway 
was building along the west shore of the Hudson and across the State, 
parallel to the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad. The 
contractors for the work through this city were Ryan & McDonald 
from First Street south, and Ward, Mackin & Co. from First Street 
north. Operations were begun here Monday, December 5, 1S81, by 
tearing away the rear of the buildings between Fourth and Fifth 
Streets and Water and Front. On January g, following, the first 
work was done at the South End. Entering the city at grade, the 
road passes through a tunnel under the Erie tracks, thence gradually 
ascending until it reaches an elevated structure, on which it runs 
over numerous cross streets through the principal business section. 
Like a scythe it cut a swath through solid blocks of buildings. The 
rear ends of many were removed, and in numerous cases buildings 
were entirely demolished. The appearance of the southeastern part 
of the city especially was greatly changed. Railway trains now run 

over the old sites of 
a number of manu- 
facturing and other 
important estabhsh- 
ments, which were 
forced to put up new 
buildings elsewhere. 
Building operations 
were thus greatly 
stimulated; numer- 
ous transfers of real 
estate were made 
daily, a Board of 
Trade was organized 
several new factories 
were started, and 
every branch of bus- 
iness was enlivened. 
In the spring of 1S82 
one of the public 
journals estimated 
that there were two 
thousand more 
people employed in 
the city than were 
here eighteen 
,RRiNGTON STREET. months before. 

The West Shore 

was opened between Newburgh and New York June 

The first train left here at 7.15 a. m. A great crowd 

and about one 

When the train 



Railway 

4, 1883. 

gathered at the station to see the train depart 

hundred and thirty Newburgh people took passage 

sped away the crowd cheered, and many steam whistles sounded 

noisy salutes. Similar demonstrations were made at other places 

along the line. This new road not only gave Newburgh another 

route to the West, but, what was at that time of more importance, 

direct communication with all the villages on the west shore of the 

river. 

OTHER NEW ROADS. 

The New York, Ontario and Western Railroad was opened to 
Newburgh and New York the same day as the West Shore. This 
road extends from a junction with the West Shore, four miles and a 
half south of Newburgh, to Lake Ontario. 

The Warwick \'alley Railroad having been extended to Belvedere, 
N. J., and connected with the Pennsylvania and Jersey Central 
systems and reorganized as the Lehigh and Hudson, in iSSg a con- 



NEWBURGH 




63 

necting line called the Orange County Railroad was 
laid from Greycourt Junction to Burnside on the Central 
New England and Western Railroad, which was built 
through Orange and Ulster Counties the same year. 
About the same time the Pennsylvania, Poughkeepsie 
and Boston Railroad was opened between Goshen on 
the Erie and Slatington, Pa. 

NEW MANUFACTURING CONCERNS. 

Within the past ten years the following important 
manufacturing concerns have been started in Newburgh: 

1880— Brokaw Manufacturing Company, (flannel out- 
ing garments.) 

1881— Sweet, Orr & Co., (overalls.) 

1881— Whitehill & Cleveland, (overalls.) 

1883 — Edison Electric Illuminating Company. 

1883— Newburgh Paper-Box Factory. 

1884 — Coldwell- Wilcox Company, (iron founders and 
machinists.) 

1885— T. S. Marvel & Co., (iron shipbuilding and engi- 
neering works.) 

1885 — Newburgh Electric Light & Power Company. 

1S86— Ferry & Napier, (hats.) 

1886— The Perfect Liquid-Measure Manufacturing Co. 

1887— Kilmer Manufacturing Company, (wire works.) 

1887— Newburgh Upholstering Company, (furniture.) 

18S8 — Storm King Pants Company. 

1889— Newburgh Wood-Working Company, (builders' 
supphes.) 

i8Sg — Hudson River Paint Company. 

1889 — Standard Chemical Fibre Company. 

1890 — Granite City Soap Company. 

1890 — Hyer-Sheehan Electric Motor Company. 

iSgo — Newburgh Reed Company, (reed chairs.) 

i8go — Newburgh (artificial) Ice Company. 

1890— McGiflEert & Wands, (soap.) 

1S90— F. W. Perkins, (flour and feed mill.) 

1891— Little Falls Paper Company. 

1 891 — Coldwell Lawn Mower Company. 

The above, however, does not adequateljr indicate 
the increasing importance of Newburgh as a manufac- 
turing city, as it does not take into account the remark- 
able growth of the manufactories established here 
previous to 1880, nor the rapid development of the 
newer ones, some of which starting with a very few 
hands now employ hundreds. The following large con- 
cerns have either erected new and larger establishments 
on new sites, or have added large buildings to old 
plants within the past ten years: 

(William) Wright Engine Works, (new plant.) 
Whitehill Engine and Pictet Ice Machine Co., (new.) 
Chadborn & Coldwell Manufacturing Co., lawn 

mowers, (new.) 
Newburgh Moulding and Planing Mill, (new.) 
James McCord's brush factory, (new.) 
Newburgh Woolen Mills, (enlargement.) 
Newburgh Bleachery, (enlargement.) 
Newburgh Plaster Works, (enlargement.) 
Newburgh Steam Boiler Works, (new) 
Grove Paper Mills, (enlargement.) 
Newburgh Steam Mills, (enlargement.) 
Highland Mills, cai-pets and rugs, (new.) 

ACTIVITY IN REAL ESTATE. 

As has been said, the construction of the New York, 
West Shore and Buffalo Railway through the heart of 
the business district brought about great activity 
in real estate affairs. Then the establishment of 



NEWBURGH 



65 



new manufactories and the enlargement of old ones, together with the 
numberless other enterprises that were undertaken, attracted many 
new residents, for whom dwelling places had to be provided. At times 
builders could not hire enough help, and no man or woman that could 
work had to look far for a situation. Newburgh being compactly built, 
the operations were principally on the skirts of the thickly settled por- 
tion ; thus the city has grown southward and westward, and in a les- 
ser degree northward. Probably the proportion of citizens who own 
their own homes is greater now than ever before. Ambition has been 
stimulated in that direction, and it is unnecesssry to note the good re- 
sults which follow the gratification of this desire in the great majority 
of cases. 

All the indications are that the growth is healthy. It is altogether 
based on the results of past earning and saving. There is every 
reason to expect the continuance of the " good times." The situation 
and advantages of the place are now such that it is not likely to 
lose its share of the good things going. 

Unfortunately no record has been made — except for a period of 
two years and three months — of the number of buildings erected 
within the corporate limits. In the Fall of 1S87 a Building Inspector 
was appointed b)' the Common Council, but in 1890 the Mayor, hold- 
ing that there was no authority in the Charter for the appointment 
of such an officer, made no appointment. The following will show 
the number of buildings (not counting additions) erected from 
October i, 1887, to January 1, 1S90: 

Brick. Frame. Total. 

October, 1S87, to January, 188S 31 17 48 

Jan'jf to April, 1SS8 18 5 23 

April to July, iSSS 20 12 32 

July to Oct., 188S 54 33 87 

Oct. to Jan'y, 1889 26 24 50 

Jan'y to April, 1S89 23 9 32 

April to July, 1889 35 12 47 

July to Oct., 1S89 50 23 73 

Total, two j'ears 257 135 392 

October, 1S89, to January, 1890 28 21 49 

285 156 431 
From March 1, 1890, to March i, 1891, the Superintendent of the 
Water Works issued 140 permits for tapping the mains; 108 were for 
new buildings, but often one tap was made to answer for two 
buildings. 

On October 22, 1887, an auction sale of city lots occurred on the 
Roe property, in the western portion. Several streets had been laid 
out through the plot. About one hundred lots were sold, together 
with the stone mansion. There was a huge clambake in the open 
field, and refreshments were served in a tent. 

December 26, 1887, fifty-one building lots were offered at public 
auction by James Taggart, at West Newburgh, and thirty-one sold 
for $11,007. 

WASHINGTON HEIGHTS. 

This beautiful tract of nearly one hundred acres of land in the 
southern part of the city, so recently reclaimed from husbandry and 
built up with substantial dwellings, demands extended notice; but 
in a brief sketch of what it was and is the contrast will show what 
growth and development has obtained in a very short period. Only 
about four years have passed since this district, now presenting every 
evidence of thrifty city life, had but a single habitation, a farm 
house in the midst of broad fields on which bountiful harvests were 
produced, It was a beautiful landscape, wonderfully adorned by 
Nature. It was the homestead farm of the late Captain Henry Robin- 
son, who had purchased the tract of two hundred and sixty-seven 
acres and upward at a public sale, under the foreclosure of a mort- 
gage, on July 21, 1824. He was a retired sea captain, and resided in 
a mansion long since removed, but which stood near the corner of 
Liberty and South WilHam Streets. He died March 9, 1866, 
possessed of this farm, with its original boundaries substantially un- 
broken. Subsequently to his death the entire tract was used for agri- 
cultural purposes, but the high bluff at the east end overlooking the 



river, was at various times secured for public purposes, and became 
the scene of popular sports, the site of the county fair, of military 
encampments, and the Newburgh Base Ball Association fenced a 
field for ball grounds. In 1S86 the city had grown close up to the 
northern boundaries of the farm; on the north, east and south sides 
were many important industries, and it became evident that the 
barriers to the possession of the property could not long withstand 
the onward march of Progress. 

On October 26, 1S86, Henry T. McCoun purchased from theheirs- 
in-law of the original proprietor that part of the plateau east of Lander 
Street, embracing about forty acres, and entered into an arrangement 
with Colonel Charles H. Weygant for its speedy development on an 
extended scale. These gentlemen caused this land to be carefully sur- 
veyed and laid out. They opened and graded streets, and laid sewer 
and water pipes through each; they flagged the sidewalks, curbed, 
sagged and paved the gutters, macadamized the roadbeds, and set 
out shade trees. All these and other improvements were made at 
their own expense, and no lot was sold without such improvements or 
a contract therefor that was in all cases faithfully performed. 

The streets are from fifty to sixty-six feet in width, and the 
deeds require the buildings to be placed twelve feet back from the 
street lines. This twelve feet of space in front of each house, form- 
ing a grassy terrace between the sidewalk and the houses, is a pretty 
feature. Liberty Street and Lander Street, two of the principal thor- 
oughfares of the city, were extended through the plot, and the fol- 
lowing other streets were opened: Carson Avenue, Overlook Place, 
Courtney Avenue, Henry Avenue, Beacon Street and Bay View Ter- 
race, the latter extending along the edge of the bluff on the south and 
east sides. Renwick Street was already open through the property 
from Bridge Street east to the river, but commonly only the plot 
south of this street is designated Washington Heights. Over 2 "3 
miles of streets and 450 lots were thus laid out. 

It is worthy of mention that in all the deeds for building lots 
executed and delivered to purchasers is inserted the stipulation and 
agreement that no strong, spirituous or intoxicating liquors or 
beverages of any kind shall ever be manufactured, brewed, distilled, 
prepared, rectified, sold, or offered or exposed for sale upon any part 
of the premises, a covenant which will last as a memorial to these 
gentlemen after they have passed from earth. 

All the work on the Heights was well done and received instant 
and grateful approval by an appreciative public. The streets are 
regularly laid out, broad and straight, and the squares have generally 
right angles. The streets were accepted by the city, the electric 
light introduced, the horse railway extended to the corner of Liberty 
and Renwick Streets, and the denizens of the Heights enjoy the 
same municipal privileges as their more crowded neighbors. 

The enterprise has been successful far beyond the expectations of 
even its projectors. The first lot was sold December i, 1886, and 
only about a score of the four hundred and fifty remain with the 
company at the present time. The first building was erected in 
the Spring of 1887; at this writing there are 185 houses on the plot. 
They vary in cost from two to eight thousand dollars ; the aggregate 
valuation of the whole plot and its improvements is estimated at 
$1,000,000. In some of the more recent sales, lots have sold for four 
times the price originally charged, and in no instance has a lot been 
sold except at an advance from the first price. 

On October 25, 18S7, that part of the Robinson farm located west 
of Lander Street and east of William and Bridge, 42 acres in all, was 
purchased by Colonel William D. Dickey and Captain Joseph M. 
Dickey, brothers, from the heirs. They immediately began to im- 
prove that part north of Renwick Street by opening and grading 
streets, and on the following Thanksgiving Day they held a public 
auction of building lots. Ninety-six lots were sold for a total of S22,- 
257. In the Spring they laid out and graded other streets through a 
portion of the land south of Renwick Street, conforming to the adjoin- 
ing plot of the Washington Heights Company, and on Decoration Day 
held another auction sale, with a balloon ascension by Carlotta as an 
added attraction. About eighty lots were sold under the hammer that 
day, for a total of $22,687. Since that time many more have beensold 
at private sale. So far 130 houses have been erected on this plot, and 



66 



NEWBURGH. 



the indications are that dwellings will be erected at the same rapid 
rate till the whole Washington Heights district is built up. 

The location of the Heights is most sightly. The plateau is about 
one hundred and thirty-seven feet above the Hudson, and on the 




eastern side lises precipitously almost from the shore. It is no higher in 
reality than the general level of the city on the hill, its distinguishing 
peculiarity being the high bluff on the river side. It commands a 
magnificent view of the whole expanse of Newburgh Bay, the High- 
lands, and all the grand water and mountain scenery surrounding 
the city. It is Init a few rods south of Washington's Headquarters, 
and the pretty Vale of Avoca is on the southern side. The dwellings 
line nearly every street and avenue, generally in regular succession. It 
is difficult to select any particular spot for the subject of admiration, 
but standing at the east end where people resort for the river view, 
and looking westward the scene is one of unparalleled thrift and 
beauty. The angular and broken roofs rise far in the distance. 
Flowerbeds and miniature parks and lawns surround pretty cottages. 
The settlement is highly creditable to our good name, and consistent 
with the general beautiful appearance of the city. The majority of 
the houses are owned by their occupants, who desired individuality, 
comfort, and convenience in their homes. Besides the beautiful and 
convenient location, one of the qualities of the Heights is healthful- 
ness. Pure air, sunlight and perfect drainage are secured. The rapid 
growth and improvement of the Heights will undoubtedly continue 
with verj' little abatement, until all the intervening land lying toward 
the southwest boundary of the city is built upon. 

The Washington Heights addition has encouraged improvements 
in that neighborhood, so that the whole southern part of the city has 
undergone a remarkable transformation in the past few years. Within 
a comparatively brief period also the Second AVard between Dubois 
Street and Robinson Avenue has been compactly built up. Many in- 
expensive but neat cottages have been erected there. Broadway has 
likewise shared in the building movement, and has become, mainly 
within the past ten years, a business thoroughfare of importance. 



HENRY T. McCOUN was born in the Town of N-ew Winds. .r, 
(adjoining Newburgh) in the neighborhood called Bethlehem, in iSn-. 
He remained at home till sixteen years old, and then went to Tr. > 
N. Y., where he spent eight years learning the business of a jewv 
and watch-maker. He came to Newburgh in 1S41 and started in 
mercantile business for himself. In 1S51 he was elected a member 
of the Board of Village Trustees and served one year. He was al>' i 
a member of the hook and ladder fire company. 

In 1S62 he went to New York and continued in mercantile business 
there till 1S85, when he retired with a competency, having engaged in 
many enterprises of the day, most of which were very successful. 
The latest, and probably the most important and successful, was the 
development of the Washington Heights section of this city, in which 
operation the rare business sagacity of the man was best exhibited. 
Although comparatively a stranger in Newburgh for the preceding 
twenty years, he at once perceived the possibilities of the project 
when the plan was unfolded. And while his large investment of 
capital has returned to him vastly increased, there is no one to 
begrudge him a farthing of it, for by it he has wonderfully helped 
the city, aroused the dormant spirit of enterprise throughout the 
whole community, and by his liberal conduct in the handling of the 
property has enabled many persons to benefit themselves. Although 
now seventy-five years old, !Mr. McCoun is still in vigorous health and 
strength, and in the full enjoyments of the fruits of his well directed 
labors. He frequently comes to Newburgh from his home in New 
York City. His wife was Eliza Waring, of the Town of Newburgh, 
and she with three daughters and one son yet survives. 



COLONEL CHARLES H. WEYGANT is a representative of the 
oldest Newburgh family. He is a descendant of Michael Weigand, one 
of the original Palatine settlers of this city, and was born in Cornwall 




COLONEL CHARLES 



WEYGANT. 



July S, 1839. After graduating from the public schools of Newburgh, 
he was prepared for college at the Ashland (N Y ) and the Clavarack 
Collegiate Institutes. But instead of going to college he went to the 



NEWBURGH 



67 



war. When the raising of the 124th Regiment, N. Y. S. V. , was begun, 
he was commissioned as captain and raised the first company for that 
famous regiment, which left for the seat of war early in September, 
1862. Captain Weygant was the senior captain of the regiment, com- 
manding Company A. He took an active part in the battles of Fred- 
ericksburgh, Chancellorsville, Beverly Ford, Gettysburgh, Wilder- 
ness and Spottsylvania; and in every general engagement of the 
Army of the Potomac after Cold Harbor until the close of the war. 

At the battle of Gettysburgh, Colonel Ellis and Major Cromwell 
were killed, and Lieutenant-Colonel Cummings was wounded, leav- 
ing the regimentincommandof Captain Weygant for about a month. 
Shortly afterward he was commissioned as Major, his commission 
dating from July 2, 1863, and later he was made Lieutenant-Colonel, 
dating from the same time. Colonel Cummings commanded the regi- 
ment until the morning of the second day's battle of the Wilderness, 
when he was severely wounded, so much so that he never resumed 
duty.' The regiment then passed under the command of Colonel 
Weygant. 

Previously to receiving his commission as Colonel from his State, 
he had been brevetted Colonel by Congress as a special recognition 
of his services and those of his regiment, who during the siege of 
Petersburg captured 
one hundred and 
eighty Confederates, 
their commanding 
officer and battle 
flag, killing and 
wounding thirty 
others, without los- 
ing a single man on 
his side. Colonel 
Weygant was 
wounded first at 
Chancellorsville, a 
scalp wound which 
only invalided him 
for a few days, after 
. the battle was over. 
The 124th was one 
of the eight regi- 
ments which led 
Hancock's charge al 
Spottsylvania, and 
here Colonel We)-- 
gant was wounded 
in the leg, after his 
regiment had cap- 
tured four guns, 
over three hundred 

prisoners and a rebel flag. This wound kept him from dutj^ 
about seven weeks. At Boynton Roads, while in command of 
a force consisting of the 124th New York and Berdan's second 
regiment of sharpshooters, he was again wounded — in the side 
— which kept him from duty about five weeks. His regiment, 
acting as sharpshooters, took a conspicuous part in Grant's last 
campaign, skirmishing with the enemy's rear guard nearly every 
day from Petersburg to Appomattox, capturing many prisoners, guns 
and wagons, and losing twenty men, killed and wounded, in the last 
encounter between the Army of the Potomac and the Army of 
Northern Virginia, the day preceding Lee's surrender. 

After the war Colonel Weygant engaged in carriage manufactur- 
ing, and continued in business till 1S70, when he was elected by the 
Republican party Sheriff of Orange County for the term of three 
years. In 1878-80 he was Mayor of the city. In 1S86, in company 
with Henry T. McCoun, he purchased the eastern portion of the 
Robinson farm, and planned and carried out the greatest real estate 
movement in the history of the city. This work has conferred a last- 
ing benefit upon Newburgh, and the Washington Heights addition 
will ever stand a monument to his enterprise and ability. Colonel 
Weygant has for years filled a prominent place in both the 



social and business life of the city. He was chosen as the Grand 
Marshal of the great Centennial parade in 1S83, and how ably he 
planned and led it has been told already. Colonel Weygant is a 
working member of the Board of Trade, a Trustee of Trinity M. E. 
Church, and was for a number of years Commander of Ellis Post, G. 

A. R. He is the author of the " History of the 124th Regiment, N. 
Y. S. Vols.," a well-written book that has had a large circulation. 

In 1S6S Colonel Weygant married Charlotte, daughter of Samuel 

B. Sackett, of Newburgh, and they have one daughter. 




THE STREET RAIL'WAY. 

On January iS, 1S86, the Newburgh Street Railway Company made 
application to the Mayor and Common Council for the right to build 
and operate a surface road from a point at or near the western line of 
the city, down Broadway to Colden Street, through Water to Third, to 
Front, to the Union Depot; also a branch thereof on Liberty Street 
between Broadway and Renwick. On February 19 the Common 
Council granted the application upon specified conditions. 

On March 30, 1SS6, the company asked for the right to extend the 
line from the corner of Water and Third Streets, along Water to a 

point at or near the 
northerly line of the 
city, and on May 7 
the franchise w a s 
sold at public auction 
in the Common 
Council rooms to the 
Company, the nomi- 
nal price being one- 
tenth of one per 
cent, of the gross 
earnings of the ex- 
tension from Third 
Street north. Ground 
was broken Novem- 
ber 22, and a large 
force of men was 
employed till the 
road was completed 
to the Union Depot 
in Front Street, De- 
cember 22. The of- 
ficers of the com- 
pany were Charles 
D. Haines, Presi- 
dent; Andrew G. 
Haines, Vice-Presi- 
dent; George W. 
Elmer T. Haines, General Man- 
D. Haines, George W. Stetson, 
Andrew G. Haines, Frank H. 



IBERTY STREET— LOOKING SOUTH FROM CAMPBELL STREET. 



Stetson, Secretary and Treasurer; 

ager. Board of Directors; John 

David S. Haines, Elmer T. Haines, 

Stanley and Charles D. Haines. New officers have since been 

elected. 

On Thursday evening, December 23, 1886, the railway was form- 
ally opened between West Newburgh and the Union Depot. Build- 
ings were decorated and great crowds gathered along the line. About 
seven o'clock three cars started from the stables at the western end. 
The cars were named the " B. B. Odell," in honor of the Mayor, and 
" G. W. Stetson," and " Haines Brothers," in honor of the builders of 
the road. The first car was drawn by " Tom " and " Jerry," a beau- 
tiful pair of Norman horses loaned for the purpose by the Beveridge 
Brewing Company, and to the other cars were attached two other fine 
teams also owned by the Brewing Company. All the way down the 
line bonfires were blazing. A squad of police headed the procession 
and cleared the way. They were followed by a band of music and a 
mighty throng of people. The ovation began at the house of High- 
laud Steamer Company. The fire-bell was rung; the steamer was 
run out on the street and its whistle blown, the firemen and the 
assembled populace cheered, and many kinds of fireworks were set 



68 



NEWBURGH 



I 



oflf. As the procession marched down town the enthusiasm waxed 
warmer. Discharges of caunonry shook the houses, steam whistles 
shrieked, rockets hissed, and the broad avenue became choked with 
people. The people in Colden and Water Streets also made a great 
demonstration. The cars were occupied by the Mayor and other 
municipal oiScers, members of the Street Railway Company and 
representative citizens. 

PROPHETIC WORDS. 

They halted in front of the United States Hotel, and JIayor 
Odell introduced Mr. G. L. Terry, of New York, who addressed the 
crowd in behalf of the Haines Brothers. He said in the course of 
his remarks: 

"You can hardly imagine, now that this road is only being 
what great and important changes it will make and intro- 
duce among you. Far-seeing as you may be, familiar as you may 
be and as you are with the past history of Newburgh, with its present 



enterprise inaugurated to-night. I am proud to have taken so humble 
a part in such an auspicious occasion, and especially as it occurred in 
this beautiful and historic city, rich in associations with the past, rich 
in its bright prospects for the future, than which there is none more 
beautiful and renowned even of all the cities which line the shores of 
the famous river whose waters roll at your feet." 

Ex-Mayor A. S. Cassedy responded for Xewburgh. 

The railway line was subsequently extended through Water Street 
to the northern line of the city; and in addition to the stables at the 
western terminus, large and handsome brick car stables were built on 
Broadway, corner of Carpenter Avenue. 

DOWNING PARK. 

In his Annual Message to the Common Council in 1SS7, Maj-or 
Odell said: 

"At various times it has been suggested that we should make use 
ot the property now owned by the city, and which was formerly a 
part of the Smith estate, as well as such additional lands surrounding 




ACADEMY OF MUSIC. 



condition, with its needs for the future in the way of business 
and otherwise, with its advantages for increased development, 
you will still find, as time goes on, that this road will work 
changes, all beneficial, valuable and helpful that you did not dream 
of, that you did not and could not anticipate. Facilities for business 
and travel create business and travel, but to what extent, to what 
marvelous extent, will be known only when this enterprise shall be 
in full and successful operation. It would seem vain in me to at- 
tempt to describe to you, who are so much better acquainted with 
the city, its future prosperity as a result in part at least of this enter- 
prise, but I may say what is I believe a judgment based on some 
experience. It means increased activity in all your business interests 
and their material and immediate enlargement. It means steadier 
employment for all classes of workingmen and better reward for all 
kinds-of labor. It means more business for all your banks, and mer- 
chants and newspapers, and hotels and mechanics, for all who minis- 
ter to either the wants or luxuries of your people; it means an exten- 
sion of your territorial limits; new streets, new residences, business 
blocks. It means, in short, the development of the city in every possi- 
ble manner, and in every possible direction. When you see outlying 
sections improved, and intervening sections built up by reason of new 
and convenient facilities for intercourse; when you see prosperity in- 
creasing and ambition augmented, you will attribute it largely to the 



the same as might be deemed necessary, as a public park. Certainly, 
no portion of our city is better adapted for this purpose. Situated in 
the center of the city, of easy access, and commanding, as it does, a 
magnificent view of the surrounding country, it seems to have been 
designed by nature for such a purpose. Statistics from other cities 
show that the increased valuation of adjacent property fully repays 
the cost of acquiring and maintaining such imprcivcmen't. If' deemed 
wise, the subject should be thoroughly investigated, and I believe a 
presentation of the same could be made that would meet the approval 
of all our citizens." 

At a meeting of the Council on April 5, the Street Committee, with 
the Mayor and the city attorney added, was instructed to make 
inquiries in reference to the purchase of land between Dubois Street 
and Carpenter Avenue, and between Third and South Streets, for 
the purposes of a public park, and to ascertain the price and other 
information. At the next meeting the committee, consisting of 
Aldermen Kernahan, Cochrane and Kelly, and Mayor Odell and 
City Attorney Graham, made a favorable report. A special election 
was ordered to be held at the house of Columbian Hose Company on 
May 24. On the evening previovis to the election a public meeting 



NEWBURGH 



69 



was held at the Court House. A. S. Cassedy, Daniel S. Waring, 
James G. Graham, Rev. J. N. Shaffer and W. W. Gearn spoke in 
favor of the appropriation. On the morrow 373 ta.xpayers voted in 
favor of the appropriation of $30,000 and 153 against. 

On the first of July W. L. Smith executed a deed of the property 
to the City of Newburgh. 

Messrs. Vaux and Olmstead, architects and landscape gardeners, 
formerly pupils of the late Andrew J. Downing, volunteered in con- 
sideration that the park should be named " Downing Park," to 
furnish plans for laying out the grounds. The sentiment of the 
people, as voiced by the press, seeming to concur, the offer was 
eventually accepted. 

Downing Park has a very sightly location, and part of it being on 
a high eminence, a view of the river, the surrounding country and of 
a large part of the city is afforded. It has long been a popular resort 
and playground in Summer. 

THE ACADEMY OF MUSIC. 

The projectors of the enterprise which secured to Newburgh this 
large and beautiful edifice and a popular place of amusement were 
J. P. Andrews and E, S. Turner. In December, 1SS6, the lot was 
purchased from Robert Whitehill for $15,000, and the erection was 
commenced in the Spring of 1SS7. The building stands on the north- 
west corner of Broadway and Grand Street. It has a frontage on 
Broadway of 85 feet, and a depth of 140 feet. The style of architect- 
ure is Romanesque; the walls of the first story are built of brown 
stone, and the rest of North River brick, with terra cotta trimmings. 
The auditorium is eighty feet long by forty-five in depth, and about 
forty feet high. The stage is eighty by thirty-five feet. There are 
twelve dressing rooms, two balconies, four bo.xes, and the auditorium 
will seat nearly thirteen hundred people. It is heated by steam, and 
lighted by both electricity and gas. The interior is handsomely finish- 
ed, and the arrangements and conveniences fulfil the most modern 
ideas. The first story on the Broadway side is rented for mercantile 
purposes, the second for offices, and the third and fourth to Masonic 
societies. Messrs. T. & J. Wilson were the contractors for the mason 
work; Thomas Shaw's Sons, carpenters; Ward & Logan, painting 
and frescoing; William Nixon, gas fixtures; Henry McCann, plumb- 
ing; J. H. Dotzert, electric light fixtures; L. W. Seavey, of New 
York, scene painter; J. J. Meehan, of New York, stage carpenter. 
The Academy was formally opened September 17, iSSS. The total 
cost was about 895,000. The stock-holders are J. P. Andrews' 
estate, Thos. Shaw's Sons, T. & J. Wilson, Ward & Logan, Henry 
McCann, J. Henry Dotzert, E. A. Brewster, John D. Van Buren, 
Henry T. McCoun. The first manager was A. Stanley Wood, and 
the present lessee and manager is Fred M. Taylor. 



JOHN P. ANDREWS, to whom Newburgh is mainly indebted 
for its beautiful Academy of Music, was born at AVoodbury, Conn. , 
June 6, 1817. In his 5'outh he learned the mason trade, and the knowl- 
edge he possessed of this practical art was the basis of the success he 
achieved in after life. He became an expert at his trade, and was 
entrusted by his employer with the most important work. When 
comparatively young he undertook contracts on his own account, one 
of the first, if not the first, being a railroad job for Commodore Van- 
derbilt. 

In the years that followed Mr. Andrews built railroads in many 
parts of the country, and had a wide acquaintance among the lead- 
ing railroad operators. As a member of the firm of Dillon, Clide & 
Co. he built the Grand Central Depot, and the approaches thereto, in- 
cluding the Fourth Avenue Tunnel, in the City of New York. He 
built the great Bergen Tunnel for the Erie Railroad, and all the ma- 
sonry for the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad through 
Buffalo, the road being elevated in that city. At the time of his death 
he was engaged on three contracts, namely, the construction of the 
Dutchess County Railroad, an extension of tlie Lehigh Valley Rail- 
road, and an extension of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. 

Mr. Andrews for several years owned and lived at Home Farm, 
at Wallkill, N. Y. In 1877 he bought the handsome residence 291 



Liberty Street, and moved to Newburgh. He formed a strong at- 
tachment for the city, and contributed to its advancement in many 
ways. He erected several fine buildings, and aroused the spirit of en- 
terprise in other capitalists. He was an officer of the Newburgh Real 
Estate Company, which developed a valuable tract of land in the city, 
and was one of the organizers, and at the time of his death the Vice- 
President of the Edison Electric Illuminating Company. 

But his crowning work for Newburgh was in connection with the 
Academy of Music, for which he furnished most of the capital. At 
his death he owned three-fourths of the stock and was President of 
the company. 

Mr. Andrews died at his country-seat near Cairo, Greene County, 
November 26, 1S90. The cause of death was apoplexy. In him New- 
burgh " lost a citizen unportentious in manner, active in public spirit, 
upright in character, and who demonstrated repeatedly in this city his 
interest and devotion to the public weal." The people of Newburgh 
had a warm regard for him, and his memory will be cherished for his 
identification with the material advancement and progress of our city. 




JOHN P, ANDREWS. 

Mr. Andrews was twice married. By his first wife, Harriet Bron- 
son, he had two sons and one daughter, namely, J. B. Andrews, of 
Denver. Col., Frederick, and Edna H., wife of William C. Chambers. 
His second wife was Josephine Jerome, who has one daughter, Adelee 
M,, wife of Dr. F. S. Cole. 



NEWBURGH FREE ACADEMY. 

This institution of learning was completed and dedicated Septem- 
ber 2. 1SS6. The architect was F. A. Wright (of Rossiter & Wright, 
of New York), a graduate of the Academy; the contractor was Thomas 
Dobbin; Thomas Shaw's Sons sub-contractors for the carpenter work; 
the superintendent of construction was William Harrison, a member 
of the Board of Education; the total cost was about S6S,ooo. Work 
was commenced August i, 18S5. The edifice, which is constructed 
of brick, with brown stone trimmings, contains three stories and a 
basement. It stands on Montgomery Street, on the site of the old 



NEWBURGH 



Academy, which was erected in 1796. It has a frontage of 112 feet 
and a depth of 6S. There are twelve class rooms, each 31^^x23 feet, 
and each containing single desks for forty-five pupils. There are 
twenty-one rooms in all, including an assembly hall SS feet in length 
by 64 in width , which will seat between six and seven hundred persons ; 
janitor's quarters, drawing room, laboratory, etc. The heating and 
ventilating is by the Rutan S5-stem; the light enters all the class rooms 
over the left shoulders of the pupils; the stairways are broad, easy of 
ascent and descent, without windings or abrupt turns. In these as in 
many other particulars, the Academy is patterned after the most 
modem ideas in school architecture. The interior can be lighted by 
gas or electricity. 

The dedicatory exercises were held in the Assembly Hall on the 
third floor, and over six hundred people were present, among them 
Hon. A. S. Draper, State Superintendent of Instruction; Rev. Dr. 
John Forsyth, of Newburgh; Rev. Dr. Cornwell, Prof. Edward Wells, 
of Peekskill ; Colonel H. C. Hasbrouck, Commandant of Cadets at 



the interior are of pine, with shellac finish. The joiner work is all 
hand-made, and that in the best manner. The doors are heavy and 
beautifully paneled. The rooms are handsomely fitted up and cheer- 
ful. At the dedicatory exercises there were present a number of 
delegates from other Associations. Addresses were made by Rev. 
Dr. W. K. Hall, President E. S. Turner, and Rev. G. A. Hall, and a 
poem entitled " E. S. Turner, His JIark" was read by Rev. John 
JIacnaughtan. The Association owes the building mainly to the in- 
defatigable efforts of E. S. Turner, who was the President, and J. T. 
Bowne, who was then Secretary. Mr. Turner subsequently erected 
a handsome office building adjoining the Y. M. C. A. building, of 
simUar design. 

GRAMMAR SCHOOL NO. 6. 

On March iS, 1S91, the Board of Education aw-arded to T. & J. 
Wilson the contract for the construction of a new school building, 
situated at the comer of Liberty and Renwick Streets. The building 




West Point; Judge E. L. Eldridge, Superintendent of Schools of 
Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; Major E. C. Boynton, Homer Ramsdell, Esq., 
Mayor Odell and ex-Mayor Cassedy, of Newburgh. Dr. Forsyth 
offered prayer, and addresses were made by President L. M. Smith, 
Hon. Jas. G. Graham, Hon. A. S. Draper, Hon. O. D. M. Baker, Presi- 
dent of the Poughkeepsie Board of Educaticni, and Mr. T. C. North- 
cott, of Elmira. 

THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BUILDING, 

Which is located on the corner of Third and Smith Streets, has a 
frontage of 31 feet and a depth of 77, with three stories and a base- 
ment. The architects were McKim, Mead & White, of New York; 
the contractors, William H. Hilton for the carpenter work, and John 
Little for the mason work. The construction commenced in Septem- 
ber, 18S2, and the building was dedicated with appropriate ceremo- 
nies June 15, 1SS3. The general style of the building is colonial. 
The exterior walls are of selected North River brick laid in red mor- 
tar, and trimmed with quoins of molded Croton brick and blue stone. 
The total cost of the building complete and furnished was over S24,- 
000. The first floor and basement are used as a gymnasium, in the 
second story are the parlor and reading rooms, and on the third floor 
is a hall with a seating capacity of three hundred. The finishings of 



is 74 feet in width and 76 in depth. There are eight class rooms, 
each 28x23 feet, and having desks for forty pupils. A hall, sixteen 
feet wide, extends through each of the first two stories, with two class 
rooms on either side. The third storj- contains the assembly room. 
The building is heated and ventilated by the Rutan-Smead system. 
The estimated cost is about $30,000. F. E. Estabrook, of Newburgh. 
was the architect. 

THE GOVERNMENT BUILDING. 

In 1S91 Congress appropriated Sioo,ooo for the erection of a pub- 
lic building in Newburgh, and the Government purchased a plot at 
the southeast corner of Montgomery and Second Streets on which to 
erect the structure. This plot is 100 feet on Montgomery Street and 
125 feet on Second Street. 

Other evidences of recent growth are: Three new churches; three 
newspapers; the enlargement of the water works system; two iron 
steamboats for the Homer Ramsdell Transportation Company; electric 
fire alarm system; the proposed addition of two new wards, and the 
rearrangement of the system of municipal government; mail delivery 
by carriers; Newburgh made a port of delivery. 



THE CITY OF NEWBURGH. 



Characteristics and Advantages. 




E year iSgi finds Newburgh a large, bustling, thriving 
city, equipped with every modern facility and con- 
venience preferred by an ambitious and cultivated 
people. By these is determined the civilization of a com- 
munity more than by anything else, for without them it 
could not do the complex duties of a highly organized 
society. Judged by its institutions, Newburgh is a 
model city. Its educational system, its religious, benevolent and 
social organizations, its sanitary, water, fire, street and police ar- 
rangements would befit 
a municipality of far 
larger growth. It has 
become an important 
manufacturing and rail- 
road centre, as well as a 
delightful residence place 
and the general market 
and depot of supply for a 
broad region of country. 
Our streets are mac- 
adamized or paved, and 
our flagstone side-walks 
beneath stately elms and 
maples, are miles and 
miles in extent. Water 
is cheaply supplied by 
the city. The rate ol 
taxation is lower than in 
any other place of equal 
population; the municipal 
debt is insignificant ami 
merely nominal. The 
cost of living is low; 
rents are not high; coal 
is cheap; meat, flour and 
the staple household 
supplies are as reasonable 
i n price here as anywhere 
else, while milk, butter 
and vegetables can be 
had at country prices; 
clothing, drygoods, fur- 
niture and carpets are 
supplied by our large 
houses at New York 
prices. No comforts of 

the great cities are denied to residents of Newburgh, while a 
thousand and one that may be had here cannot be obtained in New 
York. The social standard maintains a healthy and moral atmos- 
phere, which permits a greater degree of liberty, and discourages the 
rough element to an extent which challenges comparison with any 
city in the land. 

We have a climate nearly perfect, whose hygienic qualities no 
language can fitly describe; an ideal mountain range to temper the 




WATER STREET— LOOKING SOUTH FROM FIFTH STREET 



wind and purify the air, while north and south in beauty ever renewed 
stretches the valley of the Hudson, fringed in the distance by the 
softened outlines of the mountains. 

'' For whereso'er we turn our ravished eyes. 
Bright gilded peaks and shining prospects rise." 
Great cities do not occur by accident. They rise from natural and 
artificial causes, chief among the former being a dominant geograph- 
ical position. That must be where extended lines of land and water 
carriage meet, and where the contributory country is extensive and 
rich in resources. When 
these are joined with en- 
ergetic and capable men 
the result is as certain 
as anything may be with- 
in our range. Now apply- 
ing this to Newburgh, let 
us consider the follow- 
ing : 

First— The city is sit- 
uated almost midway on 
the great river which 
separates the Eastern 
from the iMiddle States, 
and on the only water 
course freighting the 
products of the great 
West to New York city 
and the ocean. It is also 
located in the centre of 
one of the best agricul- 
tural and dairy districts 
nf the United States. 

Second — The city is 
in direct communication 
with the great coal fields 
and iron deposits of 
Pennsylvania, whereby 
these products are trans- 
ferred to the water's edge 
in the city without break- 
ing bulk, and thence by 
floats or boats the same 
cars are transferred to 
rails which penetrate 
every part of New Eng- 
land, while coal-carrying 
and transport coal to any accessible port on 
the coast. 

Third — The city is situated in the very heart of one of the largest 
fruit-growing districts in this country, the cultivation of which is 
annually increasing and furnishing employment to thousands of men, 
women and children. 

Fourth — The city bears on its three .sides, within easy distances, 
the first or second great Hudson River brick-making industry. [71] 



72 



NEWBURGH 



Fifth — The city is favored with a railroad and steamboat system 
which leaves nothing to be desired. The resources for cheap trans- 
portation are, therefore, all at hand here. 

Sbcth — The cheapness with which coal can be laid down here in 
quantities, added to the water power which is running to waste, 
answers the question as to the cheap power for manufactm-ing. 

Water transportation is the key to commerce, and when joined with 
railways completes the situation. Cheap coal, competing freight rates, 
good sites, low taxation, and water power are the keys to manufac- 
turing. Reviewing all these conditions, one risks nothing in predict- 
ing that Newburgh will become a great manufacturing and com- 
mercial city. 

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 

The appearance of the city proper is not only inviting, but visitors 
are impressed with its compactness, with the regularity and neatness 
of the avenues, and the solid and substantial appearance of the build- 
ings. It is singularly tree from dingy streets and squalid tenements. 
It is laid out generally in regular squares. The site bcmg mainly on 
the slope of the river bank, there is good drainage, and every rain 
washes the streets clean. The surface water is collected in silt basins 
where required, and conducted in sewers to the river. The streets 
also carry pipes for water, gas and electric wires. 

Water, Colden and Front Streets, running parallel and close to the 
river, and Broadway, extending westward from the river, are the 
principal business streets. Grand Street, which has eight churches 
and three public buildings, is on the edge of the first plateau, and 
at Dubois Street begins the broad tableland on which the west end 
of the city is built. 

The streets are lighted by both gas and electricity — 383 gas lamps 
and no electric lamps. The total cost of lighting the streets last 
year was $24,180.04. Within the fire limits the erection of frame 
buildings is prohibited. 

The streets are in charge of a superintendent, who has a corps of 
corporation workers, who clean and macadamize the roads, collect 
garbage and make all ordinary repairs. Dioring the past fiscal year 
the amount expended under the supervision of the street superinten- 
dent was $10,058.96. 

For two miles the river-front is fringed with almost an unbroken 
line of wharves. Newburgh is a port of delivery, with a resident 
customs officer. Ocean vessels are constantly at the docks among 
the river steamers. At the extreme south end of the river front we 
have the group of New Windsor brick yards. At the mouth of Quas- 
saick Creek are the iron works of the Coldwell- Wilcox Co. , and the 
great depot of the Pennsylvania Coal Company, where coal is 
shipped to points along the coast, the river and the canals. Coming 
north we pass the West Shore Railroad switchyard. Marvel & Co.'s 
iron, ship building and engineering works, one of the two Erie 
Railway switchyards and the New York and New England Railroad 
ferry; next, the landing places of the regular lines of boats, and far- 
ther north, the Beveridge Brewery, the paint works, plaster works, 
cotton mills and Wright's engine works. Interspersed along the line 
are large storehouses, foundry and machine shops, coal and lumber 
yards. 

The streets next the river are Front and South Water. The former 
extends from the Union Depot to South Street, and gives access to 
the steamboat landings. It has wholesale houses, manufactories, etc. 
South Water Street extends through the South End manufacturing 
district. Water Street, next west of Front, is the principal retail 
thoroughfare, though Colden Street and Broadway have recently 
given it a strong opposition. 

It is predicted by some that Broadway will eventually become our 
principal business street. Handsome buildings are almost constantly 
under construction, and solidly-built blocks now extend from Colden 
Street far over the hill. It has factories, stores of all kinds, churches, 
missions, clubs and places of amusement, and day and night the 
sidewalks are thronged with people. 

The Quassaick Creek, which is the southern boundary, furnishes 
excellent water power, and has a dozen factories on its banks, with 
room for many more. Newburgh has two public parks: Downing 



Park is the height of land seen in the west, and Washington's Head- 
quarters park may be distinguished by the flag always flying from its 
giant staff. To those who pass on the river, or along the opposite 
shore, we would say that it is only about one-third of the town which 
they see, and that the hills are not so steep as they appear to them. 

CITY GOVERNMENT. 

The growth of Newburgh has been encouraged since its incorpor- 
ation as a city by wise government. In the administration of its affairs 
there has been nothing to regret — nothing which we would wish to 
undo. The Government has alwaj-s been forehanded in its policy. 
Its system of public works is complete, and need only be extended 
from time to time as the growth of the population demands. The laws 
and ordinances provide for every detail of government. No extraor- 
dinary expenditures can now be foreseen, and the rate of taxation, 
small as it is, will more probably be reduced than increased in the 
future. 



YEARLY TAX LEVIES. 



The City's Assessed Valuation, and the Amount of Taxes Required 
for Different Purposes Since Incorporation. 



^1 










STATE AND 




>* ' 














2-S 

Is 










^r,,:.-.. 




VALUATION. 


LEW. 


RENTS. 


TAX. 


TAXES. 


1867 


$8,032,667 


00 


$67,376 72 


$14,796 05 


$110,998 44 


$193,17121 


186S 


7,873.049 


54 


77,966 00 


20,086 79 


117,414 69 


215.467 48 


lS6q 


7.569,415 




63,489 50 


17.754 64 


111,960 43 


193.204 57 


1870 


7,004,929 


50 


81,770 27 


19,566 73 


100,173 57 


201,510 57 


1871 


6,056,995 


00 


79.849 97 


19,679 63 


111,586 07 


211,115 67 


1872 


6,093,305 


00 


96,684 98 


20,667 60 


92,027 Si 


209,380 39 


1873 




00 


104,477 95 


23,572 68 


79.493 01 


207,543 64 


1874 


5.723.850 


00 


99,233 28 


27,258 17 


85,006 49 


211,497 94 


IS?'; 


5.628,735 


00 


102,925 49 


29.307 71 


90,519 17 


222,752 37 


1876 


5,617,060 


00 


104,999 32 


28,295 02 


72,804 50 


206,098 84 


IS77 


11,821,025 


00 


103,658 II 


29,882 01 


58,001 82 


191,591 94 


1878 


11,470,775 


00 


98,068 25 


29.767 33 


60,844 16 


188,679 74 


1879 


9.273.035 


00 


99,358 48 


28,559 75 


56,721 76 


184,639 99 


18S0 


9,122,010 


00 


80,562 37 


30,696 29 


53.745 01 


165,003 67 




8.591,859 


00 


90,475 64 


27,334 50 


52,333 17 


170,143 31 


1882 


8,678,168 


00 


97,629 57 


27,429 II 


46,421 47 


171.480 15 


18S3 


8,716,043 


92 


100,236 38 


30,427 37 


45,175 46 


175.839 21 


18S4 


8,971,729 05 


103,297 02 


30,882 78 


65.S91 78 


200,071 58 


188s 


8,981,845 


36 


111,374 88 


29,944 16 


61,614 82 


202,933 86 


1886 


9,058,203 


50 


112,513 79 


30,882 00 


61,336 49 


204,732 28 


1887 


9.130,399 


00 


113,217 07 


34,384 00 


62,732 96 


210,334 03 


iSSS 


9,208,604 


00 


131,227 50 


32,885 00 


64,346 56 


228,459 06 


lS8q 


9,330,819 


00 


145,560 93 


36,054 50 


61,706 58 


243,322 01 


1890 


9,328,170 


00 


145,519 42 


37,056 50 


79.270 80 


261,846 72 


1891 


9,203,785 


00 


138,057 14 


38,594 09 


69,242 25 


245.893 48 



There are outstanding bonds against the city as follows : 

Water bonds $ 286,000 00 

Glebe fund bond (issued 1S85) @ 3 per cent 25,170 00 

City Park bonds (issued 18S7) ® 3'A per cent 12,000 00 

Quassaick Creek Bridge bonds (including New Wind- 
sor's share, issued 1881) @ 4 per cent 56,000 00 

Electric fire alarm bonds (issued 1S89) @ 3K per 

cent 3,60000 



$382,770 00 
The Water bonds, ?'. c, the debt on the water works, are provid- 
ed for by the annual water rents. 

The total amount of taxes levied and raised upon the taxable 
property of the city during the past year was as follows; 

School and Contingent, Police and Light, (City taxes) $138,057 14 

State and County taxes 69,242 25 

Water rents, levied by Board of Water Commis- 

38,594 09 



5245.S93 4S 



NEWBURGH 



n 



The valuation placed on city property (real and personal), for 
assessment purposes last year was only §9,203,785. The rate for City 
taxes was $1.50 on every $100. The rate for State and County taxes 
was 0.7554. The water tax may be estimated at about 42 cents on 
every $100. Thus it will be seen that the total taxes levied upon city 
property aggregates about $2.67 on every $100 of assessed valu- 
ation. A careful comparison has been made in Newburgh between 
the assessed valuation and the real valuation, and the result shows 
that real estate as a whole is assessed for only one-third its true value. 
Therefore, the tax rate of 82. 67 represents three times what it would 
be if property were assessed at its true value, or about 89 cents on 
each Sioo. 

DISBURSEMENTS. 

The disbursements ending JIarch 9, 1S91, were as follows; 

Incidentals S 5.455 01 

Board of Health 762 99 

Election Expenses 1,012 27 

Fire Department 4i479 89 

Printing Expenses 1.553 44 

Roads and Bridges 22,675 59 

Salaries 6.S75 00 



Police and Light— 

Miscellaneovis $ 7^2 47 

Station House 1.397 26 

StreetGas Lamps 12,164 o3 

Repairs to Street Lights 121 12 

Electric Street Lights 11,916 01 

Gas for Fire Houses 1,327 96 

Salaries of Policemen and Recorder 21,389 37 

Old Town Cemetery S 49 50 

Broadway Sewer 350 15 

Carter Street Sewer 1,126 00 

Johnes Street Sewer 664 03 

Lutheran Street Sewer 1,065 55 

Washington's Headquarters 1,000 00 

Carpenter Avenue Sewer 510 52 

Overpaid Tax Fund 75 75 

Interest on City Debt 693 00 

Electric Fire Alarm Bonds 1,200 00 

Supervisors' Audits 5, 540 46 

Chambers Creek Bridge 2,251 25 

Bills Payable 20,000 00 

Board of Education 44.503 21 

Newburgh City Park Bonds 6,000 00 

Water 37.766 19 



$ 49,098 22 



214,708 02 



PLAN OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT. 
List of the Officials Required, What They are Paid, Etc. 



NUMBER AND TITLE. 



One Mayor 

One President of Common Council 

One Recorder 

One Treasurer 

One Collector 

Four Assessors 

Two Justices of the Peace (one every 2 years) . 

Two Constables 

Four Commissioners of the Alms House 

Eight Trustees of Common Schools (2 each year) 

Eight Aldermen 

Alderman-at- Large 

Four Supervisors 

Sixty Inspectors of Election 

One Chief Engineer of the Fire Department. . . 
Three Assistant Engineers do do .... 

Four Fire Wardens 

One President of the Board of Education 

One Vice-President of the Board of Education. 

One Clerk and Superintendent of Schools 

One Librarian 

Two Assistant Librarians 

One Clerk of Common Council 

One Assistant Clerk 

One Superintendent of Streets 

Asst. Supts. of Streets, not more than three. . . . 

One Marshal 

Two Police Sergeants 

Police Constables (not exceeding twenty) 

One City Engineer and Surveryor 

One Corporation Counsel 

Board of Health (six persons) 

One Health Officer 

Special Police Constables (not exceeding fifty) . 

Three Excise Commissioners 

Five Water Commissioners 

One Superintendent of Water Works 

One Superintendent of Tower Clock 

One Clerk to the Excise Board 

One Superintendent of Alms House 

One Alms House Physician 

One Matron of Children's Home 

Three Civil Service Commissioners 

One Clerk to Civil Service Board 



HOW APPOINTED OR ELECTED. 



Elected by City at large .... 

do Common Council . 

do City at large 

do do .... 

do do 

do do 

do do 

do do 



Elected by City at large and 2 by Town Newb'j 
do do do 



do One each year by each Ward 

do by City at large 

do one each year by each Ward 

do three in each Election District. 

do by active members of fire companies. . . 

do do do do do 

do do do do do 

do by Board of Education 

do do do 

do do do 

do do do 

do do do 

do by Common Council 

Appointed by City Clerk 

do by Mayor — consent of Common Council . 



do by Board of Health 

do by Mayor 

do do 

One Elected each year by City at large , 
Appointed by Water Board 

do 

do by Excise Board 

do by Alms House Board 

do do do do 

do do do do 

do by Mayor 

Appointed by Act 



TERM OF OFFICE. 



Two years . . 
One year. . . . 
Four years . . 
Three years . 
Three years. 
Three years. 
Four years . . 

One year 

Three years . 
Four years . . 
Two years . . 
Two years . . 
One year. . . . 
One year. . . . 
Three years . 



do 

One year. 

do 

do 

do 

do . 
do 



One year 

do 

Dur'g good behav'r 

do do 

do do 
One year 

do 

do 

do 

Fifteen days or less . 

Three years 

Five years 

One year 

do 



do 

do 

do 

do 

Until successors ap. 
do do 



$Soo per year. 
Nothing. 
§1,000 per 5-par. 
S500 per year. 
Paid bv fees, (a) 
S300 each per j^ear. 
Paid by fees, (c) 
do do (d) 
Nothing. 

do 

do 

do 
$75 each.* 
About $60 per year. 
$300 per year. 
Nothing. 
$2 perday.f 
Nothing. 

do 
$1,500 per }-ear. 
$1,200 per year. 
$400 each per year. 
$1,200 per year. 
$Soo per year. 
S800 per year. 
Fixed by Com. C'l. 
$1,200 per year. 
$950 each per year. 
$900 do 

Nothing, j: 
$200 per year.^ 
Nothing. 
$250 per year, (e) 
$2 per day. 
$100 each per year. 
Nothing. 
$1,000 per year. 
S50 per year. 
$100 and fees. 
$800 pr yr, & board 
$300 per year. 
$240 pr >T, & board 
$75 each per year. 
$75 per year. 



1 addition to the same compensation from the county as is received by Supervisors from towns. + For actual days service, wh 

1 any one year. } Presents bills for services rendered. § Also presents bills for services rendered. 

The ofHee is worth about $2,500 per annum. (c) The office is worth about $500 per annum. (</l The office is worth about $20 

(e) $25 monthly extra allowance for sanitary inspection, with fees for registering vital statistics. 



74 



NEWBURGH 



The chief executive officer is the Mayor, and the chief body the 
Common Council, which consists of nine members — two from each ot 
the four Wards, and a member at large. Other municipal bodies are: 
the Board of Education, the Board of Water Commissioners, the 
Board of Alms House Commissioners, the Board of Health, the 
Board of Assessors, the Board of Excise Commissioners, and the 
Board of Civil Service Commissioners. 



« > . >< s 



NEWBURGH'S ASSETS IN 1891. 





VAI.l-E 


BUILDINGS 






PROPERTY. 


OF 
LAND. 


AND 
CONTE.NTS. 


TUS. 


TOTAL. 






830,000 
38,000 
36,500 
10,000 
18,500 
25,500 
75,000 
30,000 




838,000 
58,000 
46,500 
14,000 
20,000 
30,000 

go, 000 
37.000 








do No 


10,000 
2,000 

4.500 
15,000 




do No 4 


$2,000 




do No 6 ... 












Books in Library (17,- 














Steamer Co. No. 2 




5,000* 


5.000 


11,000 


do No. 3 


600 


3,500* 


5.500 


9,600 


do No. 4 


2,000 


4,000* 


5.000 


11,000 


Hook and Ladder Co.. 


2,000 


3,800* 


2,000 


7.800 


Hose Co. No. I 


3.000 


4,500* 


2,500 


10,000 


do No. 2 


1,000 


4.500* 


2,000 


7,500 


do No. 4 


1,000 


3,500* 


2,000 


6,500 


do No. 5 


2,000 


4,000* 


2,500 


8,500 


Electric Fire Alarm 










System 








6,000 


Downing Park (not in- 










cluding Reservoir lot) 
Water Works System 


















(cost) 








'V^ 


Police Headquarters... 


Soo 


5,000 




Storage building and 












1,500 


3,000 




4.500 


Horses, wagons, im- 












2,500 


Four-fifths interest in 








Alms House 








48,000 


Miscellaneous personal 
















5,000 


Fortv acres of land, 
















34.000 


Land in Court House 
















30,000 


Quassaick Creek bridge 
Cash in the Treasury, 
















March 9, 1891 








22,509 










Total . 






81,234,253 









* Not including furniture, which is owned by the companies. 

The foregoing is a plain and complete statement of facts and fig- 
ures showing the financial condition of the city, except that we have 
omitted from the assets the improved streets, and the docks at the 
ends of streets running to the river. The city has ever maintained a 
liberal policy in all its departments, and yet the municipal debt is 
small, and taxes are low. 



OFFICIAL REGISTER. 
Mayors and Aldermen of the City of Newburgh. 



From March 11, 1866, to March 12, 1867. 
Mayor — George Clark. 
Aldermen: 
First Ward— Daniel A. Rheutan, John Lomas. 
Second Ward — Henrv Ross, John Corwin. 
Third Ward— Edson'H. Clark, Benjamin B. Odell. 
Fourth Ward — James Bigler, James Whitehill. 
Clerk— Charles B. Rovce. 



From March 12, 1867, to March 10, 186S. 
Mayor — George Clark. 
Aldermen: 
First AVard — Daniel A. Rheutan, George M. Clapp. 
Second Ward — Henry Ross, James H. Phillips. 
Third Ward— Edson H. Clark, Charles Root. 
Fourth Ward — James Bigler, David Moore. 
Clerk — Charles B. Royce. 

From March 11, 1868, to March 9, 1869. 
Mayor — George Clark. 
Aldermen: 
First Ward — George M. Clapp, Alexander McCann. 
Second Ward — James H. Phillips, William R. Brown. 
Third Ward— Charies Root, Jonathan N. Weed. 
Fourth Ward — David iloore, Abram S. Cassedy. 
Clerk— Charles B. Royce. 

From March 9, 1869, to March 8, 1870. 
Mayor — George Clark. 
Aldermen: 
First Ward — Alexander McCann, Gavin R. McGregor. 
Second Ward — William R. Brown, Francis Boyd. 
Third Ward— Jonathan N. Weed, John J. S. McCroskery. 
Fourth Ward — Alexander Cauldwell, Jacob Brown. 
Clerk — Charles B. Royce. 

From March 8, 1870, to March 7, 1871. 

Mayor — Robert Sterling. (Died April 30, 1S70.) 

Alexander McCann, Presiding Officer and Acting Mayor. 

Aldermen: 

First Ward — Alexander JlcCann, Gavin R. JIcGregor. 

Second Ward — Elkanah K. Shaw, Francis Boyd. 

Third Ward— Charles Root, John J. S. McCro'skery. 

Fourth Ward — Alexander Cauldwell, James T. Lawson. 

Clerk— Orville M. Smith. 

From March 7, 1S71, to March 6, 1S72. 

Mayor — William W. Carson. 

AlHermen: 

First Ward — Alexander JMcCann, William Doyle. 

Second Ward — Elkanah K. Shaw, Robert Whitehill. 

Third Ward— Charies Root, John J. S. McCroskery. 

Fourth Ward — Nathaniel B. Hayt, James T. Lawson. 

Clerk— Orville M. Smith. 

From March 6, 1872, to March 10, 1873. 
Mayor — Samuel E. Shutes. 
Aldermen: 
First AVard — Joseph M. Dickev, AVilliani Dovle. 
Second Ward— Henry F. Travis, Robert Whitehill. 
Third Ward— Edward Haigh, John J. S. McCroskery. 
Fourth Ward — Nathaniel B. Ha}-t, Robert Kernahan. 
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 

From March 10, 1873, to March 10, 1874. 
Mayor — Samuel E. Shutes. 
Aldermen: 
First Ward— Joseph M. Dickey, AVilliam Dojde. 
Second Ward — Henrv F. Travis, William F. Cameron. 
Third Ward— Edward Haigh, John C. Adams. 
Fourth Ward — Nathaniel B. Hayt, Robert Kernahan. 
President of the Common Council — Joseph M. Dickev. 
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 

From March lo, 1874, to March 10, 1875. 
Mayor — Chancey il. Leonard. (Died Dec. 3, 1S74.) 
President Nathaniel B. Hayt, acting Mayor. 
.\ldermen: 
First Ward — William Doyle, Hugh Hamilton. 
Second Ward — William F. Cameron, John Dotzert. 
Third Ward— John C. Adams, Grant E. Edgar. 
Fourth Ward— Nathaniel B. Haj-t, Lewis B. Halsey. 
President of the Common Council — Nathaniel B. Hayt. 
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 

From March 9, 1875, to March 13, 1876. 
Mayor— John J. S. :McCroskery. 
Aldermen: 
First Ward— William Doyle, Hugh Hamilton. 
Second Ward — AVilliara F. Cameron, John Dotzert. 
Third Ward — John C. Adams, Grant E. Edgar. 
Fourth Ward— Noah Collard, Richard Sterhng. 
President of the Common Council— John Dotzert. 
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 



NEWBURGH, 



75 



From March 13, 1876, to March 12, 1877. 
Mayor — John J. S. McCroskery. 
Aldermen: 
First Ward— William Doyle, Benjamin Clifif. 
Second Ward — William F. Cameron, John Dotzert. 
Third Ward — John C. Adams, Wallace Schoonmaker. 
Fourth Ward— David S. Lockwood, Noah CoUard.* 
President of the Common Council — William Doyle. 
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 

* Died May 13, 1876, and Richard Sterling appointed May 2q, 1876, to fill ' 

From March 12, 1877, to March 12, 1878. 
Mayor— John J. S. McCroskery. 
Aldermen: 
First Ward— William Doyle, Benjamin Cliff. 
Second Ward — John Dotzert George L. Chadborn. 
Third Ward — John C. Adams,* Wallace Schoonmaker. 
Fourth Ward — David S. Lockwood, James Dickey. 
President of the Common Council — John C. Adams, f 
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 



■ Resigned July 3, 1S77, and Moses C. Belknap appointed August 7, 1877, to 
Resigned July 3, 1877, and William Doyle elected President. 

From March 12, 1878, to March 10, 1879. 
Mayor — Charles H. Weygant. 
Aldermen: 
First Ward— William Doyle, Benjamin Cliff. 
Second Ward — James C. Grant, George L. Chadborn. 
Third Ward— William I. Underhill, Bartholomew B. Moore. 
Fourth Ward— James Dickey, Robert Kernahan. 
President of the Common Council— George L. Chadborn. 
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 

From March 10, 1879, to March 8, 1880. 
Mayor — Charles H. Weygant. 
Aldermen: 
First Ward— Benjamin Cliff, Charles J. Embler. 
Second Ward — James C. Grant, WilUam Chambers. 
Third Ward— William I. Underhill, Bartholomew B. Moore. 
Fourth Ward — Robert Kernahan, Hugh McKissock. 
President of the Common Council — Bartholomew B. Moore. 
Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 

From March, 1880, to March, 1881. 
Mayor — Abram S. Cassed)'. 
Aldermen: 
First Ward— Charles J. Embler, William Doyle. 
Second Ward — William Chambers, Lewis C. Vemol. 
Third Ward — Bartholomew B. Moore, Thomas A. Simonson. 
Fourth Ward— Hugh McKissock, Richard Sterling. 
President of the Common Council — Bartholomew B. Moore. 
Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 

From March 8, 1881, to March 13, 18S2. 
ilayor — Abram S. Cassedy. 
Aldermen: 
First Ward— William Doyle, Joseph S. Embler. 
Second Ward — Lewis C. Vemol, John T. Moore. 
Third Ward— Thomas A. Simonson, Bartholomew B. Moore. 
Fourth Ward— Richard Sterhng, Charles A. Harcoiu-t. 
President of the Common Council — Richard Sterling. 
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 

From March 13, 1SS2, to March 12, 1883. 
Mayor — Peter Ward. 
Aldermen : 
First Ward— Joseph S. Embler, William Doyle. 
Second Ward— John T. Moore, Lewis C. Vernol. 
Third Ward— Bartholomew B. Moore, Charles H. Halstead. 
Fourth Ward— Charles A. Harcourt, Richard Sterhng. 
President of the Common Council— Lewis C. Vernol. 
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 

From March 12, 18S3, to March 11, 1884. 
Mayor— Peter AVard. 
Aldermen: 
First Ward— William Doyle, Patrick Delany. 
Second Ward — Lewis C. Vernol, Curtis Stanton. 
Third AVard— Bartholomew B. Moore, Charles H. Halstead. 
Fourth Ward— Richard Sterling, Charles A. Harcourt. 
President of the Common Council— Richard Sterling. 
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 



From March 11, 1884, to March 10, 1885. 
Mayor — Benjamin B. Odell. 
Aldermen: 
First Ward— William Doyle, Patrick Delany. 
Second Ward — Leander Clark, Curtis Stanton. 
Third Ward — Bartholomew B. Moore, Joseph A. Sneed. 
Fourth Ward — Charles A. Harcourt, Robert Kernahan. 
President of the Common Council — William Doyle. 
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 

From March 10, 1885, to March 8, 1886. 
Mayor — Benjamin B. Odell. 
Aldermen; 
First Ward — William Doyle, James Cochrane. 
Second Ward — Leander Clark, William H. Kelly. 
Third Ward — Joseph A. Sneed, John Corwin. 
Fourth Ward — Robert Kernahan, William H. Brinkman. 
President of the Common Council — Joseph A. Sneed. 
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 

From March 8, 1886, to March 8, 18S7. 
Mayor — Benjamin B. Odell. 

First Ward — James Cochrane, William Doyle. 
Second Ward — William H. Kelly, Leander Clark. 
Third Ward— John Corwin, William H. Smith. 
Fourth Ward — William H. Brinkman, Robert Kernahan. 
President of the Common Council — Robert Kernahan. 
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 

From March 8, 1887, to March 13, 188S. 
Mayor — Benjamin B. Odell. 
Aldermen: 
At Large — Bartholomew B. Moore. 
First Ward — William Doyle, James Cochrane. 
Second Ward — Leander Clark, William H. Kelly. 
Third Ward— William H. Smith, Cornelius S. Gibb. 
Fourth Ward — Robert Kernahan, Horatio B. Beckman. 
President of the Common Council — Leander Clark. 
Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant. 

From March 13, 1888, to March 12, 1889. 
Mayor — Benjamin B. Odell. 
Aldermen: 
At Large — Bartholomew B. Moore. 
First Ward — James Cochrane, Fred. Herman. 
Second Ward — William H. Kelly, James F, Templeton. 
Third Ward— Cornelius S. Gibb, William H. Hilton. 
Fourth Ward — Horatio B. Beckman, John M. Leicht. 
President of the Common Council — William H. Kelly. 
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 

From March 12, 1S89, to March 11, 1890. 
Mayor — Benjamin B. Odell. 
Aldermen : 

At large — George C. Wenzel. 
First Ward — Fred. Herman, James Cochrane. 
Second Ward — James F. Templeton, Henry Garner, 
Third Ward— William H. Hilton, Cornelius S. Gibb, 
Fourth Ward — John M. Leicht, Horatio B. Beckman. 
President of the Common Council — James Cochrane. 
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 

From March 11, 1890, to March 9, 1891. 

Mayor — Michael Doyle. 

Aldermen : 

At Large — George C. Wenzel. 

First Ward — James Cochrane, Alexander ]\Iorison. 
Second Ward — Henry Garner, James F. Templeton. 
Third Ward— Cornelius S. Gibb, William H. Hilton. 
Fourth Ward— Horatio B. Beckman, Edwin T. Smith. 
President of the Common Council — James Cochrane. 
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 

From March 9, 1891, to . 

Mayor — Michael Doyle. 
Aldermen : 
At Large- George C. Wenzel.* 
First Ward — James Cochrane, Alexander Morison. 
Second Ward — James F. Templeton, Henry B. Lawson. 
Third Ward— Cornehus S. Gibb,f Wilham H. Hilton. 
Fourth Ward— Edwin T. Smith, Henry Rudolph. 
President of the Common Council — George C. Wenzel. | 
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant. 



* Died April 4, 1891, and Edward M. Murtfeldt appointed to fill vacancy. 
I Died April ig, 1891, and Daniel S. Waring appointed to fill vacancy, 
j: James Cochrane elected to fill vacant presidency. 



76 



NEWBURGH 



City Collectors. 

Bancroft, Roberto 1869-71 Lyon, Charles H 1867 

Beede, William H 1SS7-90 Lomas, Joseph 1S75-81 

Goodrich, Charles T 1S68 McKinstry, Stephen 1881-83 

Grant, James C 18S4-S6 Tremper, Jacob 1S72-74 

Leonard, Henry M 1890-91 

City Collector in 1S91— Henry M. Leonard. 

Treasurers. 

Dickey, James N. 1872, 1S79-91 Smith, Lewis M 1869-70 

Ring, A. Smith 1876-78 Weed, Jonathan N 1891 

Scott, Francis.i866-68, '70, '73-75 

Treasurer in 1S91 — Jonathan N. Weed. 

Recorders. 

Kerr, John B 1S75-78 Titus, Charles B 1871-74 

McCroskerv, L. W. Y iSgi Waring, CorneHus L 1879-90 

Shafer, Joseph D 1S66-70 

Recorder in 1891— Lewis W. Y. McCroskery. 

Corporation Counsel. 

Brewster, Eugene A. . . .1890-91 Fenton, John B 1870-71 

Cassedv, Abram S 1S75-76 Graham, J. G 1873-74, '85-90 

Clark, George H 18S0-81 Headlev, Russel 1881-84 

Dickey, William D. .1S72, '78-So Taylor, James W 1865-69 

Counsel in 1S61 — Eugene A. Brewster. 

City Surveyor. 

Caldwell, Charles— 1S66-91. 



Supervisors. 



Adams, John C. . . . 
Beveridge, James B 
Brennan, Patrick. . . 
Brown, Wm. R., (in place of J 



87-91 Leslie, Alexander, 



1S70 Mason, John A 1879 



n, Jc 
Miller, John 1875- 



Moshier, George 1878-S1 

Tremper, resigned).'. 1876 McKissock, Hugh 18S2-91 

Brown. Charles L 18S7-91 Oakley, Jackson 1S66-68, '71-72 

Cameron, William F 1886 Purdy, Thomas W 1881 

Cauldwell, Ale.xander 1872 Sloat, John L 1882, '84-S6 

Chapman, Isaac C 1873 Strachan, William G 1S69 

Chff, Benjamin iSSg-go Taylor, Jonathan 1S79 

Corwin, John 1867 Travis, Henry F 1871 



Dickson, James R 1866 

Farrington, Ezra. . . . 
Hirschberg, Henry M 
Horton, James E.' 1S67-68 



Tremper, Jacob 1S76 

1S66-68 Tuthill, Daniel S 1887-88 

1875, '83 Vernol, Lewis C 1869-70 

Waring, Daniel S 1872, '74-85 



Johnson, Andrew 1872-74 White, John H if 



Lawson. George. 



-70 Wilson, John M 1S91 

Leonard, Chan~cey M 1867 Withers, Alex. J, ..1S77-7S, 'S0-81 

Leon, David D 1873-74 

The Newburgh Supervisors for 1891 are: First Ward— John M. 
Wilson. Second Ward— Charles L. Brown. Third Ward— John C. 
Adams. Fourth Ward— Hugh McKissock. 

Superintendents of Streets. 

Lawson, Robt 1S78-80 Peters, George W iSgo-gi 

Lozier, H. .1870-71, '74-77, '80-84 AVinans, Lemuel J 1866-69 

Morgan, Alexander 1872-73 Withers Alex. J 1885-90 

Superintendent in 1S91— George W. Peters. 

Assessors. 

Allard, Nahum W 1867-6S Grant, James C 1881-87 

Booth, Thomas H 1867-68 Hanmer, William A i8S7-go 

Boyd, John A 1878-81 Higby, William S 1867 

Brown, Charles L 1872-77 Johnston, Charles i86g-7i 

Coleman, John 1869-74 Kelly, WilUam H 1868-77 

Corwin, Isaac L 1878-81 Oakley, Jackson 1872-74 

Donoghue, Timothy 1875-81 Ryan, Daniel 18S1-91 

Gibb, Cornelius S 1875-83 Smith, Daniel 1S69-71 

Goodrich, Charles T 1890-91 Toohey, John P 1881-91 

Wilson, J. D 1884-gi 

Assessors in 1891: First Ward — John P. Toohey. Second Ward — 

Charles T. Goodrich. Third Ward— William A. Hanmer. Fourth 

Ward — Daniel Ryan. 

Civil Service Commissioners, 1891. 
Charles E. Snyder, M. S. Durkin, H. B. Beckman. Daniel J. 
Coutant, Clerk of the Board. 



Excise Commissioners. 

Michael Donahue, President; Charles Mapes, John C. Campbell. 
Leander Brown, Clerk of the Board. 

Justices of the Peace 

Nchemiah Fowler and Hugh S. Banks. 



HON. MICHAEL DOYLE, Mayor of Newburgh, has been almost 
a lifelong resident. He was born in Ireland, February 26, 1S22, and 
was brought here by his parents when six months old. When a lad 
he was sent to Mr. Goodsell's school, where the rudiments of his 
education were implanted, and afterwards he pursued his studies at 
the High School. Desiring to follow a mercantile career, he obtained, 
in 1837, a position in the large general store of John Farnam at 92 
Water Street. He was an apt student in business methods, and 
quickly made his services valuable to his employer. 

In 1846 he became a partner, the firm being styled John Farnam & 
Co. Newburgh was at that period the natural mart of a far larger 
territorj^ than now, and there being no communication with New York 
in Winter except by turnpike, it was necessary for merchants to carry 
very heavy stocks during certain portions of the )-ear. In 1852 Jlr. 
Doj'le purchased Mr. Farnam's interest, and for thirty years thereafter 
continued the business in the same place. His unbending integrity, 
admirable business methods, and personal popularity attracted a 
large trade. 

In 1882, having acquired a competency, he retired from business, 
having been in the same store forty-five years. But being in vigorous 
health, with all the energy and ambition of early manhood fully 
retained, he was not one to sit idly down and pass the rest of his days 
in seclusion. A good portion of his time has since been given to 
public affairs and to church work. For years he had been a trusted 
advisor and leader in the councils of his party, but, with the excep- 
tion of two terms as a Village Trustee, in 1857-60, never accept- 
ed official position. In 18S3 he accepted the nomination for AVater 
Commissioner, and being elected, performed the important duties 
connected with the management of the city water works with unusual 
fidelity and ability for the term of five years. 

In the Spring of i8go Mr. Doj-le, at the earnest solicitation of his 
friends, and the united appeal of his party, accepted the nomination 
for the highest oifice under the city government. He received not 
only the solid support of his own party, but of a considerable faction 
of the Republican part)-, and such was his popularity and the exist- 
ing condition of local pohtics that he overcame a normal Republican 
majority of about four hundred votes, and was elected by a majority 
of more than eight hundred votes. 

" A plain, honest, business-like administration" was promised by 
the Democratic press upon the election of Mr. Doyle, and expecting 
that it would indicate the lines of policy he would pursue, the 
Mayor's message to the Common Council was awaited with unusual 
interest by the public. It was received April 8, and created a most 
favorable impression. The enforcement of the excise law was a 
subject then receiving considerable pubhc attention, and in that con- 
nection the Mayor said: 

' ' I desire to say in as emphatic a manner as is possible for me to do, 
that as a sworn executive of the law, I purpose to see that this pro- 
vision of law is enforced, and I respectfully ask your hearty co-opera- 
tion in this matter, that we may bring about this long-desired condition 
of affairs: a quiet day of rest, with saloons and drinking places all 
closed. The people of the city will find me persistent, not only to 
have Sunday properl}' observed for a few weeks, but continued 
throughout my term of office." 

He recommended the revision and re-arrangement of the entire as- 
sessment of city property in such manner as would place all property 
liable to taxation upon the tax roll, and secure a fair, just and 
equitable assessment. He recommended a plan for improving the 
source of the water supply and the removal of electric wires from 
overhead; also recommendations pertaining to the improvement and 
proper maintenance of streets. He advised the sale of a large tract 



NEWBURGH 



n 



of city land at the west end; suggested the establishment of a pound, 
and denounced lax discipline in the police department. 

Mayor Doyle is discharging the duties of his oiBce with singular 
fidehty, and to the general contentment of the people. He devotes 
most of his time to his official duties, and gives personal attention to 
the several departments of the city government under his immediate 
control. 

In poUtics, Mayor Doyle cast his first vote for Henry Clay, and on 
the dissolution of the Whig party afBhated with the Democrats. He 
is entangled with no faction or clique in his own party, nor allied with 
any outside of it He is 



daughter: J. Farnam, of New York; William E., of Newburgh; James 
C. and Fred, of North Dakota, and Mrs. Samuel P. Mapes, of New 
York. Another son, Frank, died in 18S4.. 



HON. GEORGE CLARK, the first Mayor of Newburgh, was bom 
in Newburgh, August 6, 1817. His parents were William and Mary 
Clark. The former emigrated from the north of Ireland at an early 
age and established his residence in Newburgh. The only survivor 
of the family of ten children is Mrs. Anna E. (Clark) Copeland, wife 
of ex-Mayor Copeland, of 



neither vacillating in his opm- 
ions, nor an extremist. 

During the Rebellion he 
was a War Democrat and 
loyalty personified. He, with 
Colonel Isaac Wood and Ezra 
Farnngton, was largely in- 
strumental in organizing the 
56th New York Volunteers 
(Tenth Legion), which went 
to the front from this city 
under Colonel Van Wyck. At 
the reunion of the Legion in 
Newburgh in iSgo, Mayor 
Doyle presided, and a touch- 
ing incident of the day was 
the tribute paid by Surgeon 
Van Etten to Mr. Doyle for 
his valuable services and kind 
personal acts rendered to the 
Legion at its organization, 
and the cheers which these 
expressions called forth from 
the old soldiers. Previous to 
the war Mr. Doyle was cap- 
tain of the local miHtia com- 
pany called the Washington 
Continentals. 

Mr. Doyle has been useful 
and prominent in many other 
relations, and has had a part 
in one way or another with 
most of the important move- 
ments of his time. He was a 
stanch advocate of the rail- 
road projected from New- 
burgh to Syracuse, and sub- 
scribed a portion of the 
money that was raised to 
defray the expenses of the first 
survey. He subscribed to the 
stock of the Dutchess and 
Columbia Rairload, and also 

to the capital stock of the Warwick Valley Railroad. For sixteen 
years he was an active member of the Fire Department. In 
1 841 he joined the Hook and Ladder Company. The following 
year he resigned from that company, and joined Cataract Engine 
Company No. 3, of which he was assistant foreman and after- 
wards foreman for a number of years. He resigned the foremanship 
in 1S49. He was one of the charter members of the Fire Department 
Fund, and represented Cataract Company in that body for several 
years. 

Of St. George's Episcopal Church he has long been a useful mem- 
ber. He is a vestryman of the church, and was a member of the 
committee having in charge the erection of St. George's Chapel, now 
known as the Church of the Good Shepherd. He is also a Director of 
the National Bank of Newburgh. 

In 1S49 he married ^lary McIntjTe, daughter of Mark Mclntyre, 
of Newburgh. She died April 11, 18S8, leaving four sons and one 




L^ 



HON. MICHAEL DOYLE. 



which he \ 
public life 



Brooklyn. The book educa- 
tion of Mr. Clark was obtained 
at the common schools and at 
Goodsell's Academy in this 
city. At the age of sixteen he 
was apprenticed to Daniel 
Farrington and Benjamin 
Lander, of Newburgh, to 
learn the trade of a painter. 
After two years he com- 
menced business on his own 
account in partnership with 
James S. Young, and remain- 
ed in that connection for two 
or three years. In 1840 he 
married, and one year later 
he moved to New York City, 
where he carried on the 
wholesale and retail painting 
business for fifteen years. At 
the expiration of that time, 
having accumulated a com- 
petency, he returned to his 
native city of Newburgh in 
1856, and thereafter engaged 
in no special business, but de- 
voted his time and attention 
to public affairs, and to the 
support, direction and man- 
agement of various local in- 
stitutions and enterprises. 

The zealous interest which 
he took in all pubUc measures 
and enterprises affecting 
Newburgh caused him to be 
closely identified with the 
local history of the place for 
the fifteen years preceding his 
death. No measure which he 
thought would advance the 

PHOTO. BY ...PES. — ' prosperity of the place ever 

failed to receive his support, 
and the enterprises with 
connected were many and important. He entered 
a member of Assembly from the Fourteenth Dis- 
York City, for the session of 1S51. He was also 
Council of that city by the Re- 
member 



trict, of Nev 

elected a member of the Cc 

publican party. After his return to Newburgh he became ; 
of the Board of Education, a Trustee of the Savings Bank and a Di- 
rector of the Ouassaick Bank. He was ]\Iayor of the city from March, 
1866, to March, 1S70, and was succeededby his brother-in-law, Robert 
Sterling. In 1S6S he was elected the delegate from his Congressional 
district to the Chicago Republican convention which nominated Gen- 
eral Grant to the Presidency, of whom he was always a warm friend 
and admirer. Upon the occasion of President Grant's visit to New- 
burgh August 7, 1869, he was the special guest of Iilayor Clark, at 
whose hospitable home he was entertained, and who delivered the ad- 
dress of welcome at Washington's Headquarters. At the time 
of his death Mr. Clark was president of the Board of Water 



78 



NEWBURGH 



Commissioners, president of the Newburgh and Midland Railway 
Company, a member of the Board of Managers of the Hudson 
River State Hospital, and was filling several other positions of honor 
and trust. He was the virtual founder of Woodlawn Cemetery; he 




HON. GEORGE CLARK. 



selected the site, purchased the land and had it surveyed, laid out and 
adorned, and at the time of his demise owned a large part of it. One 
of the most successful enterprises of the kind in the country, it must 
ever stand as a monument to his judgment and public spirit. 

During his residence in New York City he was a member and a 
trustee of the Presbyterian Church in Twenty-third Street, of which 
the Rev. Dunlap Smith, D. D., was pastor, and after his removal to 
Newburgh he united with the First Presbyterian Church, and re 
mained a devoted and faithful member till death. 

In all the places of trust to which George Clark was called by his 
fellow citizens and associates, he was faithful to every obligation. 
He was painstaking to a remarkable degree in the execution of public 
trusts, doing his duty conscientiously, and without fear or favor. In 
his private relations he was a warm friend, and in his family a most 
devoted husband and father. Of him it may with great truth be said 
that he bore himself with dignity and self-respect in all the relations 
of life, and that his death was lamented as that of a firm friend in 
private life, a useful citizen, a faithful public officer, and one well 
worthy of being the first Mayor of Newburgh. 

He died June 3, 1S71. Flags were displayed at half-mast on 
buildings in the city and on vessels in the bay. The Common Coun- 
cil, the Board of Water Commissioners and the various other bodies 
to which he belonged passed memorials in his honor. 

Mr. Clark married January 27, 1840, Augusta, daughter of Jason 
W. and Martha (Griffith) Rogers, of the Town of Montgomery, and 
granddaughter of Daniel Rogers, one of the first settlers on the 
Wallkill in that town. Her father served as a captain in the war of 
1812. Her maternal grandfather was Robert Griffith, a sea captain 
and a native of Wales, who married Miss Peck, daughter of the 
gentleman after whom "Peck's .Slip" was named. Crissy, his 
daughter, married Cadwallader Crilden, and lived at Coldenham. 



Robert, his son, grandfather of Airs. Clark, settled in Orange 
County, two miles beyond Walden, about 1795, and was twice mar- 
ried. His first wife was Rebecca Barnes, of whom were born six 
children, among them Martha, wife of Jason W. Rogers. 

The children of Mr. and Mrs. Clark were Marj- Augusta, wife of 
T. Powell Townsend; George H., who at his death in 1S88 was a 
practicing lawyer in Newburgh; Martha Louisa, who married Jonas 
Williams, of Newburgh, November 8, 1876, and died July 15, 1877; 
and Robert Sterling, who graduated at Princeton, in 1S74, and died 
August 20, 1876. 



HON. ROBERT STERLING, the second Mayor of Newburgh, 
was born in Ireland in 1S14. When a boy of ten he came to this 
country with his parents, and resided in Newburgh upwards of forty 
years. At an early age he engaged in business as a gunsmith, but in 
1843 he entered the clothing trade, and at the time of his death was 
the head of the largest establishment in that line in the city. 

Mr. Sterling was closely identified with the prosperity of the place, 
and was always prominent in local affairs. For seven years he was 
trustee of the old village, and for two years he was the village presi- 
dent. He was pressed by his friends to take the Democratic nomina- 
tion for Mayor at the first election under the city charter, but he de- 
clined to be considered a candidate. He was one of the Water 
Commissioners under the reorganization of the Board in 1869, and 
when his short term expired the following year, he was elected Mayor 
of the city. The people looked to him with confidence for a success- 
ful administration of public affairs. 

But the seeds of disease had been sown, and only needed the ex- 
citement and labors attendant upon his new duties to ripen them to a 




HON. ROBERT STERLING. 

fatal issue. He died Saturday evening, April 30, 1S70, at his residence 
in Liberty Street. 

Mr. Sterling was also an officer in botli the Newburgh Savings 
Bank and the Ouassaick National Bank. Of the former he was Vice- 
president, and of the latter a Director at the time of his death. 



NEWBURGH 



79 



In early life Mr. Sterling chose the wise path of a christian life, 
and united with the Presbyterian Church, then under the charge of 
the Rev. Dr. Johnston. At his death he was an elder in the Calvary 
Presbyterian Church. 

In all these relations Jlr. Sterling bore himself as a faithful and 
conscientious servant and upright citizen. He won and retained 




DANIEL S, WARING, 

through life the respect of his neighbors of all classes, and, in a larger 
measure than usually falls to the lot of a man always in active and, 
at times, heated political life, was the possessor of the personal es- 
teem of those who most widely differed from him on questions of 
public polic)-. 

He was liberal without ostentation, and there were not a few who 
had experienced at his hands that treatment which made his loss to 
them that of a sympathizing and helpful benefactor. While his death 
was a sad blow to a large family circle, the gap which his removal 
left in the business and official life of the city was wide and deep. 
The memory of Robert Sterling will long be treasured by the people 
of Newburgh as that of an upright citizen, a faithful magistrate and a 
generous neighbor. 

DANIEL S. WARING, one of our most useful citizens, was born 
in the Town of Newburgh November 22, 1S27. He remained at home 
on the farm till 1S53, then embarking in the coffee and spice business 
in Brooklyn. In the year that Newburgh became a city he returned 
here and built a coffee and spice mill, which he operated for one year 
and then sold to N. B. Beede. He then entered the firm of D. S. & 
C. S. Lock wood, in the coal business, and in 1S73 succeeded the Lock- 
woods in the proprietorship of the yard on Mailler's Dock. In iSSS 
he opened a coal yard at the corner of Broadway and Lake Street, 
which he still continues, in partnership with George S. Weller. His 
interest in the other yard he sold in 18S9 to W. O. Mailler. The same 
year Jlr. Waring became a large stockholder and trustee in the Kil- 
mer Manufacturing Company. 

He organized the Newburgh Ice Company in 1SS5, and is now sole 
proprietor. In iSoo, in partnership with Messrs. L. M. Smith and 



Robert Whitehill, he purchased the Walsh paper mill property, and 
commenced the manufacture of ice by the Pictet process on the prem- 
ises. Mr. Waring was a stockholder and the Secretary of the New- 
burgh Highland Hotel Company, which erected the large building af- 
terwards known as the " Baldwin House" and " The Leslie." He is 
a trustee of the Newburgh Savings Bank and a Director of the High- 
land National Bank. He represented the Third Ward in the Board 
of Supervisors in 1S72, and again from 1874 to '85. On the death 
of Dr. Forsyth he was chosen President of the Woodlawn Cemetery 
Association, which office he still holds. He is also an Elder of the 
First Presbyterian Church. 

Mr. Waring has given his aid and influence to many public move- 
ments, and does all he can to encourage the growth and prosperity of 
the city. He was one of the organizers of the Board of Trade and its 
first President, and was annually re-elected till two years ago, w-hen 
he declined in favor of Robert Whitehill. He has been foremost in all 
the good work the Board has accomplished, and rendered invaluable 
service in securing the removal to this city of the Kilmer Manufacturing 
Company. He is a member of the Newburgh Real Estate Company, 
which purchased the Roe property between Grand and Montgomery 
Streets, now occupied by a number of handsome dwellings and Miss 
Mackie's large boarding school. He built a number of fine d\\-ellings 
in Grand Street, and has otherwise dealt considerably in real estate. 
In i8gi IVIr. Waring was appointed by Mayor Doyle an Alderman 
from the Third Ward, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Alder- 
man Gibb. He was married in 1857 to Miss Phebe A. Moffat, of the 
Town of Blooming Grove, in this county, who died in 1SS9, leaving a 
son and a daughter. 

CORNELIUS S. GIBB was the son and last surviving child of 
Samuel and Louisa Gibb, and was born in Newburgh, November ig, 
1S46. During his boyhood he attended the pubHc schools, and after 
his graduation was variously employed as clei-k and bookkeeper, and 
also learned the art of photography. For a time he was a resident 
of Amenia. Dutchess County, and there met and married Miss Eliza 
Reed. On the death of his father he formed a partnership with 
William W. Terwilliger and continued the undertaking business which 
his father had established on the corner of Smith and Fourth Streets, 
and was in that occupation at the time of his death (April ig, 1S91), 
residing mean- 
while in the house 
in which he w a s 
born, a house 
which had been the 
homestead of the 
family for over half 
a century. 

He was a Re- 
publican from edu- 
cation, sincere in 
his convictions and 
earnest and u n- 
flinching in his 
work for the ad- 
vancement of the 
interests of his 
party. And his 
party honored him 
by continuing him 
for twelve years in 
the office of Asses- 
sor and transfer- 
ring him from that 
post, in 1SS7, to 
membership in the 
Board of Alder- 
men, and re-elect- 
ing him in iSSg, 
and again only a few w 
Assessor were faithfully 




CORNELIUS s. 



eeks before his death. His duties as 
performed, and from the acquaintance 



8o 



NEWBURGH. 




JAMES 



flPLETOK 



with city aiTairs which he gained in their discharge he entered the 
Board of Aldermen fully equipped for the greater responsibilities 
which devolved upon him. With remarkable aptitude he became 

master of the city's 
laws and prece- 
dents, and earnest 
and active in pro- 
moting their ob- 
servance and in 
advancing the 
interests of the 
people whom h e 



member of the 
Masonic fraternity 
in 1S70. That he 
an active 
member of the 
order need not be 
stated. As in 
other relations in 
fe, the energy of 
his nature was in 
the work which he 
was called to per- 
form. During its 
continuance he 
held every post of 
distinction in 
Lodge and Chapter 
and was a mem- 
ber of the Com- 

mandery, and Noble of the Mystic Shrine in New York. He was 

also a member of the North River Lodge, Knights of Honor, and 

of Columbian Hose Company. 

After a short service at Trinity M. E. Church, the remains of the 

deceased were interred, witn Masonic honors, in Woodlawn Cemetery. 

His aged mother and his wife and four 

children survive him. 



JAMES F. TEMPLETON has repre- 
sented the Second Ward in the Board of 
Aldermen since 1S8S, having been re-elected 
by the Republican part)' in 1S90. He was 
born in Wigtownshire, Scotland (where his 
ancestors had lived for many generations), 
June 28, 1S45. He was reared in the Free 
Church of Scotland, and was educated in 
the excellent school connected with the 
church at Glenluce. His father being a 
master carpenter and builder, James learned 
the trade and worked under him till 1S6S, 
when he emigrated to America and settled 
at Newburgh, 

In 1882 he formed a partnership with 
George Usher (Usher & Templeton), in the 
carpenter and building business. Their 
shop is at 32 Chambers Street. For nine 
years Mr. Templeton was a Trustee of thu 
First Associate Reformed Church. He has 
been through all the chairs in Acme 
Lodge. I. O. O. F., and for two years past 
has filled the office of Secretary; he was 
twice elected to the Grand Lodge. He is a 
man of large and powerful frame, and in his 
early manhood took pleasure in Scottish 

games, at which he was very proficient. He won prizes at tourna- 
ments for throwing the hammer and putting the stone. It was he 



who introduced curling in Newburgh. Mr. Templeton married 
Jessie, daughter of John McGregor, of the Town of New Windsor, 
and has two sons and two daughters. 



JAMES COCHRANE, the President of the Common Council, is 

serving his seventh successive year as an Alderman from the First 

Ward, and is oc- 
cupying the Presi- 

dent's chair for the I ' 1 

third time, having 

both preceded and 

succeeded the late 

President Wenzel. 

He is one of the 

most popular citi- 
zens of the town, 

and has never yet 

experienced a po- 
litical defeat. He 

was born in the 

north of Ireland 

December 19, 1842, 

being the youngest 

of seven brothers, 

but one of whom 

besides himself left 

their native land. 

The oldest came 

to America before 

James, but the lat- 
ter did so in early 

life, first becoming 

a farmer's boy a 

few miles from this 

city. Thirty years 

ago, in 1861, he 

moved into Newburgh, soon aftenvards entering the U. S. 

Xavy, in which he served during the closing years of the civil war — 
principally on the gunboat Eutaw, on the 
James River, on which Dr. J. D. Malone, of 
this city, was then surgeon. With this 
vessel he took part in the second attack on 
Fort Fisher, the successful one, and helped 
to fire one of the last guus discharged by 
the navy, in the taking of Fort Darling, 
which was among the closing events of the 
war. 

Subsequently Mr. Cochrane became a 
cartman at Newburgh, but for twenty-two 
years past has carried on a large grocery 
business in Liberty Street, in a building 
owmed by himself, his store being one of the 
best kno\\-n in the city. As a merchant, he 
is highly successful. As a citizen, he is 
law-abiding, generous in aiding the unfortu- 
nate, and informed on public matters of 
local interest. He belongs to the Masonic 
fraternity and the Orange Lake Club. Mr. 
Cochrane has uncommon strength in polit- 
ical circles. He married Martha, daughter 
of Samuel J. Hewitt, of Newbm-gh, and has 
one son, William H. 




HENRY B. LAWSON. 




JAMES COCHRANE 



HENRY B. LAWSON, Alderman from 
the Second Ward, was born in New Bruns- 
wick, N. J., February 29, 1S56. He is the 
son of Robert and Hannah (Budd) Lawson. 
Coming to Newburgh in 1862, he entered the public schools and 
])assed through all the grades till he reached the Academy, liut did 



NEWBURGH 



not complete the academical course. He learned the tobacconist 
trade with George M. Ross, and in 1879 commenced business on his 
own account, at 100 Broadway. Thence he removed to a better 
location, No. 7 Water Street, and conducted both a wholesale and 
retail business in tobacco and cigars. When he purchased the book. 







n 


^^^^^^^HH^H^H^^^ 



stationery and news business of William H. Callahan at 55 Water 
Street, he conducted both stores. 

A few years ago he disposed of these stores, and forming a part- 
nership with George A. Embler, embarked in the grocery business at 
No. 12 Golden Street, and is now doing one of the largest retail trades 
in the city. The firm (Lawson & Embler) also owns the cigar, tobacco 
and news stand at 8 Golden Street. 

In 1891 he was elected Alderman by the Republicans of the 
Second Ward by a majority of 220, and at the organization of the 
Gouncil he was appointed chairman of the Fire Department Commit- 
tee, and a member of the Sewer and Auditing Committees. 

He married Jennie M. Brown, daughter of Charles G. Brown, of 
Newburgh, and the}' have one son. 



Mr. Smith was elected to the Common Council in 1S90 by the Dem- 
ocratic party. He is a member of Newburgh Council of the Roj-al 
Arcanum, Hudson River Lodge, F. & A. M., Highland Chapter and 
Hudson River Commandery; also of Mecca Temple, Nobles of the 
Mystic Shrine, New York City. He is also an exempt fireman, having 
been a member of Ringgold Hose Company. He married Pauline, 
second daughter of F. W. Gerecke, of Newburgh, and they have two 
children — a son and a daughter. 



HENRY RUDOLPH, Alderman from the Fourth Ward, was 
elected by the Republicans in 1S91. His ward is usually Democratic, 
but Mr. Rudolph's popularity was so great as to secure his election 
over H. B. Beckman, who had been a member for a number of years. 
Mr. Rudolph came to Newburgh in 18S0, with no means except a 
thorough knowledge of the baking business. He commenced busi- 
ness for himself in North Water Street in 1882, and now has a large 
and flourishing trade. 

He was born in Germany in 1853. In 1S70 he came to this coun- 
r)', and worked at his trade in New York City for several years. 




N ^ 



HENRY RUDOLPH. 



EDWIN T. SMITH, Alderman from the Fourth Ward, is the When he had accumulated sufficient capital, he started in business at 

second son of Lewis M. Smith, and was born in Newburgh, June Keyport, but lost all he had. Then it was he came to Newburgh, and 

22, i860. Upon leaving school he entered the office of the Chadborn his career here has been successful and honorable. He is President 

& Coldwell Jlanufacturing Company, where he has ever since re- of the Turn Verein, a member of Leonard Steamer Company, and a 

mained. In 1891 he was elected secretary of the company. Mason, Odd Fellow and Knight of Honor. 






g2 



NEWBURGH. 




MONTGOMERY STREET-" HUDSON TERRACE "—LOOKING SOUTH FROM BROAD STREET. 




LANDER STREET— LOOKING SOUTH FROM SOUTH STREET, 



THE CITY WATER WORKS. 




HE source of the water supply is Washington Lake, a 
pretty sheet of water three and a third miles from the 
river, and at an elevation of 276 feet above it, the sup- 
ply reaching the city by gravitation. It is a natural 
body, fed by countless internal springs and by an arti- 
ficial connection with the Silver Stream. Its waters 
are clear, tasteless and odorless, as chemical analysis 
; proven, and need no filtering to make them palatable. Bright, 
pure and fresh, it has furnished the drinking water of the population 
for nearly forty years, and a more healthful community than ours does 
not exist. The lake covers about 140 acres, and has a storage capac- 
ity of 300,000,000 gallons. 

Its natural outlet for nearly a mile is subterranean. Close by the 
lake the water tumbles into the " Swallow Hole," the entrance to a 
natural, rocky underground passage, not to be seen again till it gushes 
out of the " Trout Hole Spring," around which a reservoir of masonry 
has been constructed. From this point the water is conducted in 
mains into the city. The effect of the subterranean passage is to pu- 
rify, and in warm weather to cool the water, and altogether it is a re- 
markable provision of Nature. There is also a main leading directly 
to the lake, so that the Trout Hole Reservoir may easily be cleaned 
whenever desirable. The level of the Trout Hole is 44 feet below the 
lake, and 232 above the river. It is the usual practice to use the water 
from the Trout Hole in Summer, and directly from the lake at other 
times. The supply is abundant for all purposes, and by the intervention 
of water motors it is also used to run light machinery. Mains ex- 
tend through all the populated streets, and the extension of the works 
keeps pace with the growth of the city. Over 6,000 feet of iron pipe 
was laid in 188S; 7,662 feet in 18S9, and 12,301 feet in 1890, with all 
necessary valves and hydrants thereon. 

There are in all about 30 miles of water mains, var5ang in size from 
4 inches to 24 inches. Newburgh has about 37 miles of streets within 
its corporate limits, showing that the diffusion of the water supply is 
unusually large. 

In 1883 a high-service reservoir was constructed in the northwest- 
ern part of the city at an elevation of 331 feet above the river, into 
which water is pumped from the mains. It supplies dwellings in its 
vicinity. A third reservoir is now building in Downmg Park. All are 
formed of masonry, with cement bottoms, so that they can be kept 
clean. 

As a protection against fire the water supply is invaluable. In 
most parts of the city the natural water force is sufficient to throw a 
stream to the top of ordinary buildings. There are about three hun- 
dred fire plugs in the streets. 

The construction of the works was commenced in 1853. Prior to 
that time the Cold Spring, on Clark Street, was the main supply for 
those who had not wells. The water was taken from a " penstock " 
in Liberty Street, at Dunlap's brewery, and conducted in logs down 
Ann, Colden, Water and Smith Streets. These works were construct- 
ed about 1S17, after the village trustees had purchased the Cold 
Spring from Jonathan Hasbrouck, Eli Hasbrouck, George Gardner 
and the Mackin heirs for $3,650. In 1821 the trustees purchased, for 
$450, the Ritchie lots in the vicinity of Grand and Third Streets, 
which were covered by a pond fed by a spring. Logs conducted the 
water through the streets. Later, an additional source of supply 
was found on the land of William P. C. Smith, and a reservoir was 
built there. It was situated on Liberty Street near the residence of 
the late Rev. Dr. John Johnston. In 1829 the Ritchie lots were sold 
by the village for §4,715, and the pond was filled up. When Third 
Street was opened the spring (which was between Grand and Lib- 
erty Streets), was arched over, and its waters now enter the sewer. 



The Cold Spring is still owned by the city. Its outlet flows through 

St. George's Cemetery. 

The present water works have cost S554.5-14-79- For the year 

1854 water rents amounted to $8,369: in 1890 the receipts were about 

$40,000. The expenditures last year were: 

Construction and repairs $12,018 80 

Pumping and high service 3.322 02 

Contingent 6,073 98 

Interest on bonds 14.560 00 

Sinking fund 2,000 00 

Reservoir improvements 2,063 02 

Refunded ta.xes 41 00 

$40,078 82 




The bonded debt is $286,000. The Water Board cares for its own 
debt, and furnishes water very cheaply, far below the average cost 
in most cities. The following is the scale of rates: 



of Building. 



Stor\ 



o to 18 feet $4-00 

19 to 22 " 

=3 to 27 " 

28 to 32 " 



33 to 37 
38 to 42 
43 to 50 



$6. 00 
7.00 
8.00 
9.00 
10.00 
11.00 
12.00 



Stories. 
$8.00 
9.00 



NEWBURGH 




Special low rates are given to manufactories and others usiiil; 
steam engines, as the policy of the city is to encourage manufactur- 
ing by every means in its power. 

The Board of Water Commissioners is at present constituted as 
follows; Robt. Huddelson, President; Tilden H. Wilson, James :\K- 
Cord, Friend W. Perkins, William H. Smith. WilHam Chambui: 
Superintendent of Works and Secretary of the Board. The Comnii-- 
sioners are elected by the people, and serve for a term of five years. 
They have full control of the works and report annually to the 
Common Council. The following is a list of citizens who have been 
members of this Board; 

Beckman, Horatio B . . . . 1876-78 McCann, Henry 1880-90 

Clark, George 1S66-71 Moshier, George 1884-89 

Carson, William W 1872-78 McCord, James 1887- 

Chapman, Joseph H. H.. 1875-80 Perkins, Friend W 1891- 

Crane, James M 1S85-91 Root, Charles, 1876-79 

Doyle, Michael 1883-88 Scott, Francis 1866-71 

Gerard, Franklin 1871-75 Shafer, J. D 1866-69 

Gerecke, Frederick W. .. 1879-S4 Shaw, E. K 1S75-76, 1S82-87 

Huddelson, Robert 1888- Smith, Lewis M 1S75-76 

Kimball, Samuel G 1S73-77 Smith, William H 1890- 

Lawson, William C 187S-83 Sterling, Robert 1S68-70 

Leonard, Chancey M . . . .1869-72 Townsend, Timothy 1S71-75 

Lockwood, Charles S 1S81-86 Van Nort, John F 1S70-75 

Mailler, William O 1877-82 Wilson, Tilden H 1S89- 

Wyckoff, William 1869-72 

SUPERINTENDENTS OF WATER WORKS. 

AUard, N. W 1S69-70 Miller, William C iS8i-go 

Boynton, Edward C 1874-81 Rogers, Daniel T 1866 

Clark, Leander, jr 1S66-68 Royce, Charles B 1S70-73 

Chambers, William 1S91- 



WILLIAM CHAMBERS, Superintendent of the Waterworks, was 
born in County Down, Ireland, May 15, 1822. His father's name was 
Samuel, and his mother's, Jane McCord; Willliam was their first 
born. When he was but two years old his parents emigrated from 
Belfast to Newburgh. The lapse of sixty-five years has not effaced 
the memory of scenes and events in Newburgh in his early childhood, 
and he can relate many reminiscences of Newburgh at that early 
period in strange contrast with the present times. Mr. Chambers 
recollects crossing the river in 1827 on a ferry horse-boat named the 
" Caravan," which was propelled by horses; in 1828 he saw the first 
steam ferry boats, "Jack Downing" and "Post Boy," and in 1830 
the first steamboat owned and run from Newburgh, the " Baltimore." 

His first schooldays were passed at a private school; at that time 
the public school accommodations were insufficient for the population. 
In 1829 the High school was built, and opened for scholars in 1830; 
this school was very popular and inviting in its day. It had long- 
been needed, and its capacity was promptly filled. He went to this 
school from its opening until 1832, when his school days ended in 
Newburgh. His parents attended the First Presbyterian Church, 
Rev. Dr. John Johnston, pastor, of which his mother was a member. 
His father was a carman; the village archives of 1832 record the 
names of Samuel Chambers and five others licensed to do all the 
carting of the village. Wood was then exclusively used in dwellings 
for fuel; the day of coal and coal stoves had not arrived. The 
farmer with his load of wood, and the man with buck and saw, were 
prominent characters daily seen on the streets. He, hke most all 
sons, inherited his politics from his father, and religious beliefs from 
his mother; early education and impressions were enduring; this is 
why he is a Republican in politics and a Presbyterian in religion. 
When the Asiatic cholera was epidemic in this country, in 1832, 
his father was the first victim of the destroyer in Newburgh; he was 
attacked in the evening and died the next day at noon, August 
28. This bereavement soon made a change for William. It left his 
mother with five children to care and provide for, and with financial 
circumstances inadequate to the responsibility. 

When ten years old he went to live with a farmer in the Town of 
Warwick and learn the art and science of husbandry. In those days 
to be a farm boy was to labor; labor was the rule, leisure the excep- 
tion. But he was fortunate in his new home with strangers; the wife 



NEWBURGH, 



was a Christian woman, and treated the lad with the kindness of a 
mother. On the Sabbath after church, they all read chapters in the 
Bible, repeated the Lord's prayer, and recited the catechism. The 
change from village association and influence to farm life, when so 
young, was by Providence favorably compensated for by a physical 
and moral development for health and longevity. In 1846, when 24 
years of age, he began seriously to anticipate the future, and was in- 
spired to change for a higher vocation. At that time he was acquaint- 
ed with a school teacher at Edenville — a popular instructor and Meth- 
odist exhorter. He was a good Samaritan in word and deed; by his 
good council and influence Mr. Chambers acquired the qualification 
and commission to become a school teacher, and while his memory 
lasts will owe him affectionate gratitude. He taught school for three 
years (1847-49) first in the Town of Wawayanda, and next at Salis- 
bury Mills. January 4, 1849, he married Hannah J. Case, of Waway- 
anda. After leaving the schoolroom he was clerk for Van Allen & 
Son, at Salisbury I\Iills; the father was postmaster, and the son sta- 
tion agent for the railroad; they also kept a store and operated a paper 
mill and a cotton factory. The Newburgh Branch of the Erie 
Railway commenced running trains to Newburgh January 8, 1850. 
Through business relations with Newburgh station officials, he re- 
ceived a clerkship at Newburgh station. He was in the Erie Railway 



ten years, from 1850 to 1861. The last two years he was sta- 
tion agent, and then resigned for another change. 

When the " War of the Rebelhon" commenced, his two and only 
brothers, John and James, enlisted in the Union army, and he volun- 
tarily sent a substitute before drafting began. He accepted a position 
as bookkeeper with James Bigler, in the lumber and timber and saw 
mill business, and was with him iS years, from 1861 to 1878, both as 
clerk and co-partner. The business was a very large one, and for a 
term of years Mr. Chambers' annual salary was five thousand dol- 
lars. In 1879 he was elected an Alderman from the Second Ward by 
257 majority. In 1S81-82 he was with J. P. Andrews at Buffalo, who 
had a contract for masonry with the Delaware & Lackawanna Rail- 
road Co. in building their road through the city of Buffalo. On his 
return to Newburgh he was appointed by Postmaster Joseph M. 
Dickey to be Deputy Postmaster, and served from April i, 1883, to 
1887. March 9, 1891, he was appointed by the Board of Water Com- 
missioners to be Superintendent of the Water Works and Secretary 
of the Board. Mr. Chambers has three sons and two daughters. His 
son William C. is Deputy Postmaster, Albert N. is a member of the 
firm of P. Delany & Co. , proprietors of the Newburgh Steam Boiler 
Works, and James L. is a book-keeper at Ferry & Napier's hat fac- 
tory. 



HEALTH. 




HE sanitary affairs of the city are in charge of the Board 
of Health. It is independent of the control of the 
Common Council, and has power to enforce the pro- 
visions of its excellent sanitary code. It has always 
been a highly intelhgent and efficient body. Its mem- 
bers are appointed by the Jlayor. The Health Officer 
is a salaried physician. The duties of the Board take 
a wide range, and its work is of inestimable value. Its recommenda- 
tions to other municipal bodies are invariably followed, and aU its 
acts have the co-operation of the people. 

The sanitary arrangements are as complete as possible, and con- 
sidered with the naturally healthy situation of the city, we have a 
combination of favorable conditions. The sloping nature of the land 
on which the city is built allows thorough sewerage and drainage. 
It is difficult for any place to obtain good sewerage if built on land 
that has a level surface. In such localities sewers may be and are 
constructed, and if they do their work at all, they do it sluggishly 
and inefficiently. The great majority, even if not all, epidemics and 
scourges which sweep off their victims by the hundreds and thousands 
— often designated " visitations of God " — are attributed to the want 
of, or imperfect, sewerage. Happily Newburgh is so situated that it 
needs no artificial means to force running water through its sewers, 
or to wash its streets and gutters. Nature takes this work upon her- 
self here, and does it well. There is no stagnant water — neither 
puddle nor frog pond — anywhere within the limits. 

Nearly all the streets are sewered, with one or more basins at the 
intersections of streets to collect surface water. The gutters are 
curbed, sagged and paved. Vaults are not allowed in streets where 
sewers are, and no poultry nor cows can be harbored. 

Inspections are made whenever nuisances are reported. The Health 
Officer makes the inspection and reports to the Board of Health. If 
nuisances exist a notice is served upon the owner or occupant of the 
premises, ordering him to abate or remove it. If this order is disre- 
garded the Board makes the abatement and charges all expenses upon 
the estate. Defective house drainage, cesspools, sources of drinking 



water, and contagious diseases are controlled by the Board; and it 
also has power to compel those living near a sewer to connect their 
drains with it. No house offal is allowed to be thrown into the street. 
The Street Superintendent's department removes all ashes on stated 
days of the week. The streets are cleaned by the abutters, the city 
removing the collected heaps of sweepings. The business streets are 
cleaned three times a week, and the others twice a week. Garbage 
is removed by contractors in closed tank-wagons. 

For the year 1887 the whole number of deaths was 363. Of these 
51 were seventy years old and over, 38 were seventy-five years old 
and over, 24 were eighty and over, 3 were ninety and over, i was 
ninety-seven, and one was one hundred and two years old. 

In 188S the number of deaths was 469 (22 being by violence). Of 
these, 61 were seventy years old and over, 44 were seventy-five and 
over, and 33 were eighty and over. 

In 1889 there were 474 deaths, including those by violence. Of 
these, 73 were seventy years old and over, 46 were seventy-five and 
over, 20 w^ere eighty and over, 10 were eighty-five and over, i was 
ninety-three, and i was ninety-four. 

The country about Newburgh is a great health resort, and harbors 
thousands v{ boarders in Summer. Many gentlemen who have re- 
tired from business elsewhere have come to this beautiful and health- 
ful place to spend their declining years, while others doing business 
in New York have their country seats here. 

N. P. Willis, in the introductory chapter to " Out-doors at Idle- 
wild," (1855) says: 

" To many the most essential charm of Highland Terrace, how- 
ever (as a rural residence in connection with life in New York), will 
be the fact that it is the nearest accessible point of complete inland 
chmate. Medical science tells us that nothing is more salutary than 
change from the seaboard to the interior, or from the interior to the 
seaboard; and between these two climates the ridge of mountains at 
West Point is the first eft'ectual separation. 

" The raw winds of the coast, so unfavorable to some constitu- 
tions, are stopped by this wall of cloud-touching peaks, and, with the 
rapid facilities of communication between salt and fresh air, the bal- 
ance can be adjusted without trouble or inconvenience, and as much 



86 



NEWBURGH 



Uken of either as is found healthful or pleasant. The trial of climate 
which the writer has made for a long summer, in the neighborhood 
of these mountainous hiding-places of electricity, the improvement of 
health in his own family, and the testimony of many friends who have 
made the same experiment, warrant him in commending it as a pe- 
culiarly salutary and invigorating air." Then, addressing a certain 
class, he adds: 

" For those who have their time in some degree at their own dis- 
posal — who have competent means of luxurious independence — who 
have rural tastes and metropolitan refinements rationallv blended — 
who have families which they wish to surround with the healthful 
and elegant belongings of a home, while at the same time they wish 
to keep pace with the world, and enjoy what is properly and only en- 
joyable in the stir of cities — for this class, the class as we have said 
before of leisure, refinement and luxury — modern and recent changes 
are preparing a new theory of what is enjoyable in life. It is a mix- 
ture of city and country, with a home in the country. And the spot 
with the most advantages for the first American trial of this new com- 
bination, is, we venture confidently to record, the Highland Terrace, 
encircled in the extended arm of the mountains above West Point." 

The Board of Health is at present constituted as follows: Mayor 
IMichael Doyle, President cx-officio: Chas. H. Doughty, *William C. 
Lawson, Charles Mapes, Samuel C. Mills. John Deyo, M. D., Wilham 
T. Hilton. James Gordon, M. D., Health Officer; D. J. Coutant, 
Clerk. 

The following citizens have been member of the Board of Health: 



Cameron, William F. 
Carson, William W iS 



Kimball, Samuel G 1S67-68 

Lawson, William C iSgo-gi 



Comstock, Stephens., M. D.1866 Lockwood, D. S 1887-gi 

Church, SamuelP.,M. D.1868-69 Mapes, Charles. ...1878-82, 1883-gi 

Callahan, W. H. 1S73-78, 1S82-S3 Marsh, Edward J. F 1883-85 

Crissey, Gilbert R^ 1881-82 McCann, Alex part of 1873 



69 



Decker, Charles N 
Deyo, Nathaniel, M. D 

Deyo, John, M. D 1882-91 

Doughty, Charles H 1S90-91 

Garner, Henry i888-go 

Heard, Johns., M. D "' ~ 

Hilton, William T 1891- 

Jones, Hiram A 1866-67 



Mills, Samuel C i88g-gi 

Moffat, David H 1866-67 

Schoonmaker, John 18S5-88 

Scott, Francis 1867-68 

Smith, Lewis M 1880-81 

867-S3 Tice, Charles W i86g-7o 

Townsend, Wilham i86g-8g 

Van Nort, John F i86g-72 



HEALTH OFFICERS. 

Deyo, John, M. D 1880-S2 Montfort, R. V. K., M. D. . 1866-69 

Fenton, John W., M. D.. 1870-71 Stone. M. C, M. D 1878-80 

Gordon, James, M. D. 1872-76, 1882-gi 
Health Officer in i8gi, James Gordon, M. D. 

PHYSICIANS. 

The number of physicians in the city is thirty-five, as follows: A. 
E. Adams, Peter M. Barclay, James G. Birch, Elman H. Borst, Miss 
Sarah A. Clock, F. S. Cole, John Deyo, Agnes R. Dickson, Smith 
Ely, Gustav Gartzmann, W. Stanton Gleason, James Gordon, Louis 
E. Hanmore, Louis A. Harris, John T. Howell, Frank A. Jacob- 
son, Wilham Jones, A. V. Jova, R. J. Kingston, Joseph Kittel, J. D. 
Malone, Jerome A. Maubey, John J. Jlitchell, R. V. K. Montfort, 
Henry F. Nichols, James E. O'Malley, L. G. Roberts, M. C. Stone, 
Senan L. Sweeney, S. F. Teed, Thomas L. Ward, L. Y. Wiggins, 
Henry Wilson, H. E. Winans, C. N. Woolley. 



DR. ELIAS PECK was descended from William Peck, one of the 
founders of the New Haven colony in the Spring of 1638. With his 
wife, Elizabeth, and his son Jeremiah, William emigrated from 
England to this country, with Governor Eaton, Rev. John Daven- 
port and others, in the ship Hector, arriving at Boston from London 
June 26, 1637. Dr. Peck's ancestors continued to reside in New 
England until the year 1804, when his father, Abraham Peck, and 
Anna, his wife, migrated from Greenwich, Conn, (which had been 
their home for several generations), to Warwick, Orange County, 
N. Y.,and purchased what is now known as the Benedict Farm, 
on which Elias was born in 1806. 

At the age of 12 his parents removed to Kentucky, and his boyhood 
from that period was spent in that State. Soon after arriving 
an epidemic, known locally as milk sickness, prevailed and both par- 
ents contracted the malady and died. At this early age (14 years) 
Elias was thrown on his own resources. He succeeded in securing 
the educational advantages that the common schools and academy af- 



forded, and commenced reading medicine with Dr. Beach, of New- 
York, at the age of 20. He received his medical education at the Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, of New York City, and settled in 
Newburgh m 1S33. 

In the same year he married Catherine I. Millard, of New York 
City, and his long Hfe of usefulness is well known by the older New - 
burghers. His efforts were expended in relieving suffering, and tht- 
poor of this city ever found in him a friend whose best vears were 




ELIAS PECK, M. D. 

spent in promoting their welfare. After a successful life, measured 
by 32 years of active professional work, he died in July, 1865. Three 
children survive him: Thomas M. and John E., of Grand Rapids, 
Mich., and Catherine A., of New York City. 



WILLIAM A. M. CULBERT, M. D., was born in New York 
City November 4, 1S22, where during his earlier years he resided. 
His father, John Culbert, settled in New York soon after the Revolu- 
tion, and for almost half a century was engaged in mercantile pur- 
suits. Dr. Culbert was a graduate of both the Academic and Medi- 
cal Departments of the University of the City of New York, and 
pursued a post-graduate course in the former, after receiving his 
degree of B. A., and entered the latter from the office of his precep- 
tor. Dr. Valentine Mott, then the most noted surgeon in the world 
and Professor of Surgery in the University. Dr. Culbert, early in 
his professional life, espoused the principles of homoeopath)', and 
settled in practice in Newburgh in the Fall of 1847, where he remain- 
ed until his death. 

Carefully educated, possessed of an unusually clear and logical 
mind, fully alive to every advance in his profession and allowing no 
one dogma to fetter his judgment — he was a physician in the broad- 
est sense of the term. Ever true to the interests of his patients, Dr. 
Culbert soon won and maintained to the time of his death the repu- 
tation of an accurate diagnostician, an independent thinker and an un- 
usually practical and successful prescriber. 

Dr. Culbert was married October 12, 1852, to Miss Henrietta, 
daughter of Robert and Louisa A. Powell, and grand-daughter 
of Thomas Powell, who was then in the enjoyment of a vigorous 
old age. 

Besides occupying the position of an intelligent and successful 
physician in the community in which he passed so many years of his 



NEWBURGH 



87 



life, Dr. Culbert was also recognized as a leading citizen, perform- 
ing in a plain, modest, dignified and courteous manner the various 
social duties that devolved upon him. 

His patient, earnest effort in the interest of health, his devotion 
to the suffering, his rare good judgment which seldom failed in 




effecting prompt relief, his gentleness, his honesty — all these qualities 
endeared him in the hearts of many until he ceased to be looked 
upon as a physician merely upon duty bent, and was held in esteem 
as a friend. This place which he won, this honor in which he 
was held, this solicitude which the whole city expressed during his 
illness, are so many evidences that he possessed a rare quality of 
manhood. Besides his widow he left one son, Francis Ramsdell. 
Dr. Culbert died November 10, 1890. 



be the study of this multiplication and dispersion, which has now cov- 
ered a period of over two hundred years, our purpose is to note simp- 
ly the career of a single member of one of its branches — that of Na- 
thaniel Deyo, a lineal descendant of Christian Doyau, whose life-work 
was performed, as was that of many other descendants of the ancient 
refugees of New Paltz, as a citizen of Newburgh. 

Nathaniel Deyo was born in that portion of the Paltz now called 
Gardiner, Ulster County, May 14, 1S17. His father, Jonathan D. 
Deyo, was a farmer. His mother, Mary Hardenbergh Deyo, was a 
DeWitt, niece of Simeon DeWitt, Geographer of the Army of the 
Revolution, and also of Mary DeWitt, the wife of General James 
Clinton, the mother of DeWitt Clinton. After finishing an academic 
course at the Montgomery Academy, he commenced the study of 
medicine with Dr. Daniel N. Deyo, at New Paltz; subsequently con- 
tinued his studies with Dr. Peter Millspaugh, of Montgomery, and 
matriculated at Jefferson Medical College, in Philadelphia, receiving 
his degree from that institution in 1S38. 

Dr. Deyo began the practice of his profession at Marlborough, 
Ulster County, and continued there until 1S43. During the Winter 
of 1843-44 he attended lectures within the venerable walls of his 
A /in a Mater, at Philadelphia, and on his return to his native State 
located at Newburgh, where he continued practice until his last ill- 
ness. He died January 21, iSSi. 

His career as a phj-sician was of the most successful character, 
his practice including a very large number of our most substantial 
citizens, which, taxing his physical energies to the utmost, no doubt 
hastened his death. His professional attainments gave him the con- 
fidence of the community, and his fellow physicians consrdted him 
with great frequency in difficult cases. With these attainments he 
possessed a genial disposition and a ready tact, which made his pres- 
ence welcome in the sick room, and endeared him to a large circle of 
friends. 



NATHANIEL DEYO, M. D. The result of the revocation of the 
Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV of France, was that rather than con- 
form to the established religion, four hundred thousand Protestants — 
among the most industrious, the most intelligent, and the most relig- 
ious of the nation, quitted France and took refuge in Holland, Eng- 
land and America, while the persecution, which preceded the revoca- 
tion led many to anticipate the event by leaving the country. Among 
the latter class were Louis du Bois, Christian Doyau, Abraham Has- 
broug, Andre le Febvre, Jean Hasbrou?, Pierre Doyau, Louis Be- 
viere, Anthoine Crispel, Abraham du Bois, Hugo Frere, Isaac du Bois 
and Simon le Febvre, who, escaping from France to Holland, and 
thence coming to America located in the Summer of 1677 in the prov- 
ince of New York, on a tract of 36,000 acres, in what is now the County 
of Ulster, to which they gave the name of New Paltz, by which it is 
still known. 

Multiplying in their new home their children went forth to found 
others, permeating the social life and indoctrinating the religious sen- 
timent of settlements around them — sending their sons into the coun- 
cils of the State and to the battle-fields of the Nation in all its stages 
of development and perpetuation. Interesting and valuable as would 




NATHANIEL DEYO. 



Dr. Deyo was a member of the Orange County Medical Society, 
and also of the Board of Health of the City of Newburgh from 1S70 
to 1879, and was one of the founders and the first President of Cedar 
Hill Cemeterv. He married in 1S40 Jliss Cornelia Bruyn DuBois, 



88 



NEWBURGH 



daughter of Louis DuBois, and grand-daughter of Colonel Louis 
DuBois of the 5th New York Continental Regiment of the Revolu- 
tionary Army. CIoikI DuBois was a delegate to the Provincial 
Congress of New York in 1775, and also a delegate to the Provincial 
Congress whicli met later in the same year. 

The surviving children of Dr. Nathaniel Deyo andCorneha Bru>Ti 
DuBois, his wife, are Evehna, wife of M. C. Belknap; Robert E., 
Nathaniel DuBois. John Van Zandt and Cornelia A., wife of D. D. 
Sherman. 



LEWIS YOUNG WIGGINS was born June i, 1825, near Otis- 
ville, Orange County, N. V. His grandfather, ^VilHam, emigrated 
from the north of Ireland and resided first at Hempstead, L. I., and 
afterwards in the Town of New Windsor, where his son Stephen was 
born. When Stephen reached manhood he and his father jointly pur- 




chased a large farm lying south of Otisville, and moved thereto. 
Stephen married Olive Jillett, of Otisville, daughter of a French Hu- 
guenot; Lewis Young Wiggins was a child of that union. When he 
was a lad of five his parents moved to a farm in the Town of New- 
burgh opposite the Middlehope M. E. Church, remaining there two 
years; during which time Lewis attended school at Balmville. Then 
returning with the family to the old farm near Otisville he attended 
school there till he was fifteen, and then taught the same school him- 
self for one term in the Summer. The following Winter he became 
a pupil again, but the next year he taught in the Town of Minisink, 
and subsequently in the Town of Wallkill, then again at Otisville and 
last a school near Bloomingburgh. In the meantime he had begun 
to read medicine in the evenings in the office of Dr. Cook, of Otis- 
ville, and in the Winter of 1843-44 he attended the lectures at the Al- 
bany Medical College. Being dependent solely upon his own endeav- 
ors for the means of acquiring his professional education, the follow- 
ing Summer found him again teaching school in the day time and 
studying medicine under Dr. Cook's oversight at night. The next 
Winter (1844-45) ^^ entered the medical department of the LTniversity 
of the City of New York, and the next Summer taught school in that 
city and also sti.died under the preceptorship of Dr. Valentine Mott, 



the leading surgeon of his time. The following Winter he again at- 
tended the medical college, and received his diploma in 1846, when he 
had arrived at the age of 21. Dr. Wiggins, however, continued his 
studies at the hospitals, and took up his permanent residence in New 
York. He opened an office at the corner of Wooster and Houston 
Streets, and had a drug store in connection therewith. While he 
continued in New York Dr. Wiggins' relations with Dr. Mott and his 
son-in-law. Dr. Van Buren, were very intimate, and most of their 
night calls were turned over to him. The instruction and encourage- 
ment he received from these eminent men were of priceless value. 

In 1847 Dr. Wiggins married Mary Cornell, of New York, the sis- 
ter of J. B. and W. W. Cornell, the well-known iron men. His resi- 
dence in Newburgh began in 1855, when he opened an office and drug- 
store in Colden Street. He immediately acquired a high standing in 
the profession, having great repute for surgical ability. Dr. George 
Brown, who then had the largest practice in the city, employed him 
in one hundred and sixty cases to perform difficult operations in child- 
birth. During the forty-five years he has been a physician he has al- 
ways done the best he could for suffering humanity, and how many 
of the first accents of the living and the last farewells of the dying 
have fallen upon his earl Between ten and eleven thousand infants 
have passed through his hands into this breathing world. He has 
been indefatigable in his devotion to the interests of his patients and 
skillful in the treatment of complicated diseases; sympathetic with 
the suffering, his aid has been given as willingly to the penniless as 
to those abundantly able to compensate him. For thirty-two years 
he was the physician to the Alms House, and an esteemed advisor of 
the Board; and since the completion of the West Shore Railroad he 
has been the resident surgeon. As a citizen he has large property 
interests and has concerned himself in whatever was for the munici- 
pal advantage, not holding aloof from his fellows nor confining him- 




self exclusively to his professional field; his interest gi-asps every 
worthy topic of the day, and his cheery greetings and bright conver- 
sations are the characteristics of a man of simple manners and com- 
prehensive mind. His first wife having died, Dr. Wiggins married 



NEWBURGH 



ilary E. Olmstead, of Delaware County, by whom he has two sons 
Dr. Levi O. and Charles L., both of whom have adopted their father' 
profession. 



SMITH ELY, M. D., is the son of Moses and Eliza (Coleman) Ely, 
and has been a resident of Newburgh since he was nine years old, at 
which time his parents moved from Washingtonville, Orange County, 
where he was born. After having graduated at the ordinary 
establishments of intermediate education, he entered the French 
institute of Prof. Alzamora, and afterwards studied medicine 
first in the office of Dr. Charles Drake, and subsequently at the Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City, and at the Ver- 
mont Medical College. After graduating he became one of the resi- 
dent physicians at the Emigrants' Hospital, Ward's Island, N. Y., 
and afterward made several voyages as surgeon on the steamer 
Franklin between New York and Havre. In further pursuance of his 
studies he passed two winters in the schools and hospitals of London 
and Paris. Thus equipped he finally settled in partnership with his 
former preceptor. Dr. Drake, of Newburgh, and ever since he has 
had a large and most successful practice. He is devoted to his pro- 
fession, and is recognized as skillful in the diagnosis and treatment 




of diseases and as a surgeon of high standing. Dr. Ely was a mem- 
ber of the Board of Education from 1876 to 1880. He is now a mem- 
ber of the New York State Medical Society and of the Orange County 
Medical Society. He married Gertrude, daughter of Charles W. 
Hardy, of Portsmouth, N. H., in 1870. 



JOHN JAMES MITCHELL, M. D., is the son of the Rev. John 
Shefiicld Mitchell, D. D., of Block Island, R. I., and Ahce Trask, 
of Exeter, N. Y. He was born at Cortlandville, N. Y., July 8, 1834. 
The family is of Puritan ancestry. His father was a direct descendant 
of Thomas Mitchell, who settled in Block Island, R. I., and bought 
one-fourth of one original share of the Island in 1677. This 




JAMES GORDON, 



Thomas Mitchell was the eldest son of Experience Jlitchell. who 
came to America in 1623 in the ship Ann, which was the second 
boat to arrive at the Plymouth Colony after the Mayflower, which 
came in 1620. His 
grandmother, Ruth 
Sheffield, was di- 
rectly related to 
John Sheffield, 
Duke of Bucking- 
ham and Earl of 
Mulgrave, of Eng- 
land, whose tomb 
occupies a promi- 
nent position in 
Westminster Ab- 
bey. Dr. John J. 
Mitchell spent eight 
years of his early 
life in Baltimore, 
Md. Had his pre- 
liminary education 
there, and in Ne\\ 
York and Nc« 
Haven, Conn IV 
gan the stud\ t 
medicine with Di 
C. C. Foote, of 
New Haven. En- 
tered the New 
York Medical Col- 
lege in 1854, and 
was there under 

the instruction of Drs. Fordyce Barker, E. R. Peaslee, J. 
Murray Carnochan, Ogden Doremus and others, and graduated 
in 1857. Received the appointment of city physician for the 
Eastern District of Brooklyn after his graduation, which he re- 
tained until his removal to New York City in 1859. Settled in 50th 
Street near Beekman Hill. He maiTied, in June, 1S63, Philena B., 
daughter of Nor- 
man Rose, Esq., of 
Schuyler's Lake, 
six miles from 
Richfield Springs, 
N. Y. Dr. Mitchell 
occupied the chair 
of chemistry in the 
New York Hom- 
oeopathic Medical 
College for several 
years, until his re- 
moval to New- 
burgh in i86g. In 
1883 he was elect- 
ed President of 
the Homoeopathic 
Medical Society of 
the State of New 
York, and deliver- 
ed the annual ad- 
dress before that 
body in the capitol 
at Albany, Febru- 
ary 13, 1883. He 
has two children, 
Edgar Ormsby, 
born in New York 
City, educated at 

Phillips (Exeter) Academy and Harvard University, and a graduate 
of Harvard Medical College in 1891; and Marion jMitchell, who was 
born in Newburgh. 




MALONE, M. 



90 



NEWBURGH 



DR. JAMES GORDON, who has faithfully served our city in the 
capacity of Health Otficer for about fifteen years, was born in the 
North of Ireland, in the Town of Hillsborough, within ten miles of 
Belfast. He came to this city in 1S57, before he had reached his ma- 
jority, for the purpose of visiting friends; hut he afterwards con- 
cluded to remain here. For a time he attended the Newburgh 
Academy, and subsequently pursued a course of study at Fort Ed- 
ward Institute, in this State. After completing this course he taught 
in public schools in New Jersey for two years. During the second 
year he took up the study of medicine, under Dr. Chatties, at Long 
Branch, New Jersey. He attended lectures at the Jefferson Medical 
College, of Philadelphia, and graduated from that institution in 1866. 
After graduation he located in Newburgh in 1867, and has been en- 
gaged in the practice of his profession in this city ever since, except 
for a period of about six months during the Winter of 1867 and Spring 
of 1 868, while on a tour in the Old World spent mostly in visiting 
celebrated hospitals. 

Dr. Gordon was brought up in the established or English Church, 
and from childhood was associated with the Sunday schools and 
church work in his native land. When he came to Newburgh he was 
received into membership in St. George's Church by letter. His mem- 
bership with St. George's continued until St. Paul's Parish was found- 
ed, when he transferred his membership to that church, where he 
still belongs. He has been a member of the Vestry of this church, 
serving continuously since 1S73. 

Dr. Gordon was one of the organizers of the Knights of Honor and 
Knights of Pythias in this city, and has also been a member of the 
Masonic fraternity for about twenty years. He has been an ex- 
amining surgeon for pensions for the United States Government since 



1S68, and still holds that p().sition. In 1S72 he was appointed Health 
Officer for this city, and served till 1877. He was appointed again in 
1882, and has served until the present time. As Health Officer he has 
always been deeply interested in every measure that would result in 
the sanitary well-being of the city and in the suppression of nuisances 
of every kind. Particularly has he taken an active interest in the 
building of sewers, and the abolishing of vaults and introducing of 
sanitary closets in the houses. 

He married Nettie W. Johnston, of Washington, New Jersey, in 
1872, and has one son and three daughters. 



JOHN DUHIG MALONE, M. D., was born at Limerick, Ireland, 
November S, 1841. At the age of ten he entered St. Munchin's 
College, Limerick, where he received his literary and classical edu- 
cation, and was graduated at the age of seventeen. His medical 
education was received at the Queen's University, Ireland, and at 
the hospitals in Dublin, Cork and Limerick. In the early part of 1863 
he came to the L^nited States, and shortl}' after was appointed Acting 
Assistant Surgeon in the L^nited States Navy. He served in the At- 
lantic and Gulf fleets, and was in special service on the Canadian 
coast. In 1867, while on a leave of absence, he received the diploma 
of M. D. from Dartmouth College. In 1868 he was honorably dis- 
charged from the navy, and commenced the practice of medicine and 
surgery in Newburgh. In 1872 he married the daughter of the late 
Thomas Ryan. She died the following year, leaving a daughter. 
The doctor continues faithfully and skillfully to discharge the duties 
of a large practice, but occasionally, in the Summer months, finds 
rest and recreation in a trip to Europe. 




RESIDENCE OF R, J KINGSTON. 



> Grand Street. 



THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. 




HE citizens of Newburgh are an exceedingly orderly 
and law-abiding people. The Palatines and their suc- 
cessors left us a heritage of morality and decorum 
that have been characteristic of the city till this day. 
The sentiment of the community frowns upon all un- 
seemly conduct — drunkenness, disorder, blasphemy 
and lawlessness; we respect life and property and re- 
member the Sabbath day. The normal tone of the municipality is 
on a high moral standard. Crime is not unknown here, but it is ex- 
ceptional; usually peace and decency reign. 
Order is preserved by a model police 
force. The same prudence, prescience and 
liberality manifested in other departments 
of municipal government are exemplified 
here. The force consists of twenty-two ath- 
letic men — a marshal, two sergeants, two 
roundsmen, sixteen patrolmen and a janitor. 
The headquarters are in First Street, in a 
three-story building apportioned into a 
court room, sitting room, office, sleeping 
rooms and cells. The force is divided into 
two reliefs, which are alternately six hours 
off and six hours on duty during the 
twenty-four. In reality a poHceman is al- 
ways on duty, for when not patrolling his 
beat he is at Headquarters, ready to re- 
spond to any call. They are liberally paid, 
neatly uniformed, and strict discipline is 
enforced. The company is thoroughly drill- 
ed, and when at the head of a procession no 
line of militar)' can march better than our 
policemen. They are brave, courteous and 
faithful, the terrors of evil-doers and ad- 
miration of peaceable citizens. Besides 
guarding our homes and persons, by day 
and by night, they perform many other 
public services. A considerable number of 
night watchmen, regularly commissioned, 

and, though not all uniformed, possessing the powers of regular po 
licemen, are also a great protection to property and help to the de 
partment. 

The department is now constituted as follows; 

M,\RSH.\L. 

JAMES H. SARVIS. 

SERGEANTS. 



Janitor — George Robinson. 



Morgan, Alexander 1866-69 Forsyth, John W 1874 

Goodrich, Alfred 1870-71 Bancroft, Robert C 1875-86 

Chase, James T 1872-73 Sarvis, James H 1887-91 




James Maher, 
Samuel Lozier 



: Relief. 



PATROLMEN. 



Sergeant Maher' 
John Powers, 
John McCracken, 
Rensselaer Ward, 
WilUam J. Henderson, 
John Conyngham, 
Michael J. Oulton, 
Alanson O. Topping, 
Christopher Miles, 
Clark B. Galatian, Special PoHce, Washington's Headquarters 



Eugene Moore. 

WiUiani F. Hannan. 

Sergeant Moore's Relief. 
John Koch, 
Thomas R. Depuy, 
Thomas W. McEntyre, 
Charles Barton, 
Patrick J. Glynn, 
William Rhynders. 
Watson Jerome, 
John J. Darragh 



JAMES H. SARVIS, Chief of Police, came of a family long 
settled in the Town of Newburgh. His grandfather, John Sarvis, came 
from New Jersey before the present century 
and cleared up a farm at Fostertown; he 
lived 94 years. William Sarvis, the father 
of the Chief, was born and reared on the 
farm, and there also James H. was born 
May 4, 1S40. His parents moved to New- 
burgh when he was about three years old. 
When he came of proper age he was sent to 
the Clinton Street school and afterwards to 
the High School. In 1S55 he shipped on a 
sailing vessel that plied between Newburgh 
and Albany, and afterwards was on various 
sea-going vessels in the coasting trade. He 
became an expert seaman and navigator 
and was promoted to first mate and captain. 
In 1S62 he was captain of the John R. 
Brick, a Hudson River sailing vessel, which 
position he relinquished in July of that year, 
and volunteered to go to the war with 
the Nineteenth Regiment. He served 
with it during its three months' ser- 
vice. He went out as a private but af- 
terward was elected corporal. In 1863 
he engaged with Benjamin B. Odell in 
the ice business, and continued with 
him as Superintendent till the Spring 
of 1887, when he was appointed by 
S— Chief of Police. Mayor Odell to the command of the 

department of police. When the Seven- 
teenth Battalion of the National Guard was organized he became 
a member of Company E, and was elected corporal. He won the 
prize for the best marksman in the battalion, and was a mem- 
ber of the battalion team of marksmen which won the cham- 
pionship of the brigade. An ardent Republican, he was for 
many years an efficient worker in behalf of the local party, and for 
about twenty years a member of ward committees. He was com- 
plimented with the nommation for Supervisor of the First Ward, 
and in 1S85 elected to the Board of Alms House Commissioners. 
On taking command of the police force he at once took measures 
to increase its efficiency; and during his administration it has 
been strengthened in numbers, and its discipUne and system 
greatly improved. In i88g, by act of the Legislature, the salaries 
were increased. Marshal Sarvis is a good officer, prompt in de- 
tecting criminals, and rigid in enforcing law and order. He 
has been married twice; his first wife was Susan, daughter of 
Levi Vredenburgh, of Newburgh, who died in 1864, leaving 
four children; his present wife is Flora M., daughter of Samuel 
Bennett, of West Virginia, who has had three children. 




BREWSTER HOOK Ar^D LADDER CO NO 1 — B^.:i;.dl^.av neir Grand St. 




S*^!- * n ''"^'-1 ' iimmiiiiiiiiiiiw* """ 



-^m^ 






COLUMBIAN HOSE CO, MO 2, and LAWSON HOSE CO, NO, 5. 
Montfomc-.y Street, corner .,f Second Street 




R NljGOLD HOSE COMPANY NO 




THE FIRE DEPARTMENT, 




HE Newburgh volunteer fire department is one of the 
oldest in the State of New York. It has ever been 
conspicuovis because of its efficiency. Its unrewarded 
service has been performed with skill and heroism, 
that have been of inestimable benefit to the city, as 
well as having brought honor to the members. From 
its earliest days, nearly one hundred years ago, and all 
through the years until now, the registry of the department has had 
enrolled on its pages men who have obtained honored places in busi- 
ness, the professions and in official service. Being composed of men 
of good character, in love with the service, prompt in answering 
duty's call, and careful in their government, the department has right- 
ly won the admiration of the community. 

The record of the department speaks for itself. It is not only one 
of the oldest, but it has not its superior among the volunteer depart- 
ments of the State. The confidence born of this efficient service is 
manifested in the attitude of the insurance companies, and the low 
rates on which risks are taken on property within the limits of the 
city. 

The present department consists of three steam fire engine com- 
panies, five hose companies and one hook and ladder company, 
namely: Brewster Hook and Ladder Company No. i, C. M. Leonard 
Steamer Company No. 2, Highland Steamer Company No. 3, Wash- 
ington Steamer Company No. 4, Ringgold Hose Company No. i, 
Columbian Hose Company No. 2, Washington Heights Hose Com- 
pany No. 3, Chapman Hose Company No. 4, Lawson Hose Company 



^fl 




STARTING FOR 



The membership of the department 1 
three assistant chief engineers: seventy- 
company, seventy-five members of the 



onsists c)f (ine chief engineer, 
Sve members of each engine 
hook and ladder company. 



and fifty of each hose company, making a total force of five hundred 
and fifty. 

The engines are drawn by horses and have hose carts attached. 
The alarms are sounded by means of the Gamewell electric system, 
and are struck on the Union Church bell, the First Presbyterian 




RECOLLECTIONS OF OLD TIMES. 






Church bell, in the houses of the companies, at police headquarters 
and at the residence of the chief engineer. The boxes are located in 
all sections of the city. The system was adopted in 1889. The tele- 
phone has also been of service to the department. There are 276 fire 
plugs. The force of water, as has been stated, is sufficient for fire 
protection in most parts of the city without the intervention of the 
engines. The engine houses are all fine structures, and complete in 
their appointments. Each company has its parlors handsomety fur- 
nished. They are scenes of many social gatherings. 

The Fire Department Fund is managed by representatives from 
the fire companies. The fund is derived from the receipts of foreign 
insurance companies for the benefit of local fire departments, and 
from the interest of such portion of the fund as may be invested. It 
is appropriated for the relief of disabled firemen and their families. 
It amounts to about $20,000. 

The Legislative act providing for the organization of a fire depart- 
ment in the Village of Newburgh was passed March 24, 17.97, three 
years before the village was incorporated. The Newburgh Packet 
— the first newspaper printed in the village — in its issue of February 
20, 1795, gives an account of a fire in the store of John McAuley and 
urges the necessity of having an " engine in town." This suggestion 
was probably soon after followed, for before the passage of the act, 
the citizens had alreadv purchased an engine. The act specified two 
classes of firemen, " one to have the care, inanagement. workmg and 

[93] 



94 



NEWBURGH 



using of the engine now provided;" the other class the bucket bri- 
gade, of which everj' house-holder was a member. The engine was 
probably purchased in 1796. The act defined the fire limits and 
directed the election of five trustees, " to be called the Trustees of the 
Fire Comuany in the ^'illage of Newburgh," the freeholders in which 




A F RE DEPARTMEt4T OF YE OLDEN TIME. 

were empowered to elect annually not more than five trustees, who 
should have the appointment of firemen and the control and manage- 
ment of the fire department. The Board of Trustees of the Fire De- 
partment was therefore the first form of government in the -s-illage. 

The first engine was not a suction machine, and it was the duty of 
the bucket brigade to keep its tank full of water. All house-owners 
were required by law to keep on hand for use at a fire a certain 
number of fire buckets, with their names, or initials, painted thereon. 
When the fire alarm was sounded, the men hurried with the buckets 
to the fire; if the men were not at home, the women set the buckets 
out on the sidewalks, and firemen'ran through the streets, gathered 
them up and carried them to the fire. Engine 
Company No. i was limited to twenty members, 
but the trustees had power to command the assist- 
ance of all able-bodied inhabitants; there was 
seldom a lack of helpers. Arrived at the fire, the 
men formed in bucket lines often extending to the 
river, and passed water to the engine. It was not 
uncommon to see women working in the lines. 

The act of 1797 was superseded by the act 
incorporating the village, and the powers which - 

it conferred were thereafter vested in the Village 
Trustees. Another engine was purchased (pre- 
vious to 1802) and designated No. 2. In 1805 an 
organization designated ' ■ Bagmen " was formed, 
the members of which were required to attend 
all fires for the purpose of taking charge of 
goods. Each member furnished himself with a 
bag, and wore a hat with a crown painted white 
and the rim black, and having the letter B paint- 
ed in black on the front of the crown. John 
McAuley was the foreman of the company, which consisted of eight 
members. 

The first engine house was probably erected about the time of the 
purchase of the first engine, and was "near the house of Robt. W. 
Jones, on Eight-Rod Street," now called Broadway. Subsequent- 
ly a house was built for Company No. 2 on the ' ' northeast comer of 
the Presbyterian Church lot," where Union Church now is. The 
buildings were of wood and very rude structures. In 1806 the com- 
panies were composed of the following members : 



No. I.— William L. Smith, Enoch E. Tilton, Walter Burling, Henry 
Tudor, Ward M. Gazlay, Gilbert N. Clement, Minard Harris, John 
Carskaden, Caleb Sutton, George E. Hulse, John Coleman, John 
Hoaglaud, William Adee, Andrew Preston, Nicholas Wright, John 
Forsyth, Walter Case. 

No. 2. — John Harris, Jonathan Fisk, John 
Anderson, jr., Leonard Carpenter, Selah 
Reeve, James Hamilton, Samuel I. Gregory, 
William Gardiner, Nathaniel Burling, Solo- 
mon Sleight, Jonathan Carter, Hiram WeUer, 
Samuel Wright, Hugh Spier, Thomas 
Powell, Cornelius DeWitt, Joseph Hoffman, 
Cadwallader Roe, Daniel Niven, jr., Benoni 
H. How-ell, Sylvanus Jessup, Joseph Reeve, 
John Richardson. 
jf V ^ On March 3, 1810, the Trustees passed a 

I [ ] I ] ^ _^^'''^-| resolution providing for an addition of eight 
men to the two fire companies, " which eight 
men shall be under a foreman, and vice fore- 
man, and it shall be their duty to take in 
charge the fire hooks and ladders and exer- 
cise with them each and every day that the 
fire company No. 2 exercises." 

In Januarj', 1S24, the Trustees, in com- 
pliance with a petition passed at a mass 
meeting of citizens, contracted with E. Force, 
of New York, for a new engine, at a cost of 
S750. In the same month they purchased a 
lot on the northeast comer of Montgomery 
and Second Streets for §92, and laid a tax 
of Si, 200 to pay for the engine and build an engine house. The 
insurance companies contributed a total of S250 in addition. The 
new engine arrived in March, and was assigned to Company No. i. 
which immediately re-organized as Company No. 3, and a new com- 
pany was formed to man engine No. i. All the companies took up 
their quarters in the new engine house. 

On August 5, 1828, the hook and ladder company was made a dis- 
tinct and separate organization. The original engine house did not 
occupy the full lot, and a long, narrow shed was built in the rear for 
the implements of the hook and ladder company-. The truck was a 
two-wheeled vehicle, and never was painted. The meetings of the 




AN OLD-FASHIONED HAND ENGINE. 



company were held on the sidewalk. 
tion of citizens, Washington Engii 
ganized, and an engine ordered. 
Western Avenue (Broadway) for S3C 



On May 6, 1835, on the peti- 
e Company, No. 4 was or- 

A lot was purchased on 
D, and an engine house erect- 



ed thereon. On July 4, 1837, Niagara Engine Company, No. 5 
was organized, A house was erected for the company on the 
north side of South Street, between Smith and Water, and it is still 
standing. This house and that of Washington Engine Company 
were alike in every respect. Niagara engine was also the duplicate 



NEWBURGH. 



95 



of Washington engine. A new engine was also purchased for No. i 
company, and No. 3 became known as Cataract Engine Company. 

Some of our old citizens relate interesting reminiscences of the fire 
department about this period. In 1835 there were very few houses 
above Montgomery Street, except at Old Town. The river was 
the principal source of water supply, but wells and cisterns were 
often di-awn upon. A village ordinance required that during the 
time the river was frozen over holes should be cut in the ice at the 
foot of every street extending to the river, and that the persons 
whose duty it was should cut away the ice that had formed the 
previous night, so that in case of fire, water could be drawn up 
through these holes without delay. 

Engine No. i was a small machine, but an extraordinarily good 
one for its size, and peculiarly useful. The tank was less than five 
feet long, and the firemen were accustomed to lifting the machine 
bodily and carrying it where they wished. Ex-Chief Engineer Chap- 
man remembers seeing Mr. Spaulding, then the editor of the Journal, 
a tall and powerful man, aided by but one other fireman, pick up No. 
I and carry it into a yard back of Matthew Duke's row of houses (cor- 
ner of Smith and Third Streets) when they once were on fire. That 
was done for the purpose of reaching a cistern and many a cistern 
did the old machine pump dry. The engine was sold to a theatrical 
troupe in New York, and was exhibited on the stage in a play. 

After the purchase of engines Nos. 4 and 5, No. 2 was not vised as 
often as before, but was useful at fires at a distance from the river. 
Another engine would pump water from the river and force it into 
the tank of No. 2, which, being stationed near the burning building, 
could then throw a stream on the flames. Engine Company No. 2 
was disbanded in 1849. William Hilton was the last foreman. 

The suction engines overcame the necessity for the bucket lines, 
except at fires inconvenient to water supply. After a time reservoirs 
were built. There was one under each of the engine houses; one at 
the corner of Liberty and Third Streets; one at the corner of First 
and Grand Streets; another in Third Street at the crown of the hill 
between Montgomery and Grand Streets, one at the head of Fifth 
Street, one in North Water Street, and another in Old Town. 

In 1S44 a meeting of citizens authorized the purchase of a new 
engine for No. 3 company. It was the first " piano " machine. In 
1849 a new one was purchased for No. 4, and the following year one 
for No. 5. These engines were the best that could be obtained in 
their time. Nos. 4 and 5 were very similar. No. 5 was slightly the 
better engine, but the members of No. 4 company were lively and 
athletic fellows, and not only held their own against No. 5, but fre- 
quently "washed her." It was customary to exercise the engine 
companies and the hook and ladder company once a month, and the 
contests that ensued excited intense rivalry among the firemen. The 
members of No. 5 wore red hats as a distinguishing feature. 

In 1S40 the membership of the companies exceeded the limit fixed 
by the trustees (twenty for each company), and it was proposed that 
the surplus should be permitted to act as volunteers. The trustees 
referred the matter to a committee who reported against the plan, 
with the result that the volunteers of No. 5 company made an "in- 
dignation parade." But the cause of complaint was removed b)' the 
passage of a resolution by the trustees (September 14), permitting 
each company to have a membership of fifty. 

The first hose company was organized in 1S41 through the efforts 
of J. H. H. Chapman, Abel W. Belknap, WilUam Scott and John K. 
Lawson. The company was at first known as Matrimony Hose 
Company, because of the unusual number of its members who within 
a short period were married. Excelsior was a more lasting name, 
being retained till 1S52, when a new carriage was purchased. This 
machine came from Utica, and was known as Columbian Hose No. 2, 
the name being inscribed on the carriage. The company adopted 
the name, and has ever since been so designated. 

Not till 1S52 was a suitable house erected for the hook and ladder 
company. For years it had withstood many discouragements. With 
only a shed for its ladders and implements, and nothing but the side- 
walk for a meeting-place, it continued to do efficient duty, and at 
length impressed the authorities with its importance. A house, now 
the police station, was erected in First Street, and new ladders and 



implements provided. " Clinton " was the first name of the company. 
In 1861 the name of " Brewster" was adopted, in honor of Hiram S. 
Brewster, for several years its foreman. 

The construction of the water works was begun in 1853. At that 
time there were three engine companies, one hose company and one 
hook and ladder company in the department. With the natural force 
of water that could be obtained from fire hydrants, the value of hose 
companies became apparent. The engine companies had light hose 
carts, or " spiders," as they were called, with which they ran to fires, 
and in most cases fires could be subdued without the aid of the en- 
gines. In the course of a few years three new hose companies were 
formed. In 1S61 a new engine was built by James Smith for Wash- 
ington No. 4, and Cataract Engine was rebuilt in 1S67 by Charles 
Hartshorn. Niagara Engine Company No. 5 disbanded Sept. 8, 1865, 




C. M. LEONARD STEAMER COMPANY. NO. 2. 
Water Street, near Garner Street. 

because of the refusal of the village trustees to erect a new engine 
house for them. The engine was given to Highland Engine Com- 
pany when it was organized the following year. Cataract engine 
was sold in 1S71, and the company was reorganized as Lawson Hose 
Company No. 5. 

On February i, 1S54, a new hose company called Muchattoes, was 
sanctioned by the Trustees. The meeting for the organization of this 
company was held in Joseph Cornish's shoe shop. Alexander Cauld- 
well was elected foreman; John Proudfoot, assistant foreman; Joseph 
Cornish, treasurer; Alex. Patterson, steward. Muchattoes had a two- 
wheeled jumper, made by Corwin, Halsey & Co., and housed in First 
Street. In May, 1S55, the Village of Newburgh bought from the City 
of New York the carriage used by Ringgold Hose, and when passed 
over to Muchattoes Hose, that company resolved to be thereafter 
known as Ringgold Hose Company No. i. The house occupied by 
Ringgold Hose, in Colden Street, was erected in 1862. The lot (which 
then extended to South Water Street), cost $950 ; John D. Kelly was 
the architect, and Little & Kelly the contractors for $2,835. The 
company erected the brown stone front at its own expense. The house 
has since been enlarged. A new parade carriage was built in 1SS3. 



96 



NEWBURGH 



The annual parade of 1S57 was a fair example of the parades of 
hand-engine days. John D. Kelly was the chief engineer. The 
guests were Ringgold Hose Company No. 7, of New York (guest of 
Ringgold Hose Company of Newburgh), Washington Engine Com- 
pany No. 3, of Kingston, Engine Company No. 2, of Peekskill, Lack- 




WASHINGTON STEAMER CO., NO, 4— Broadway, opposite High Street, 

awanna Engine Company No. i , of Rondout, Engine Compan)' No. 
3, of Port Jervis, and Phoenix Hose Company No. 1, of Poughkeepsie. 
The Cataracts of Newburgh, wore red shirts, blue hats, white fronts; 
Clinton Hook and Ladder Company of Newburgh, blue shirts, white 
fronts, black hats; all the other Newburgh companies wore the regu- 
lation uniform. After dinner the procession was reformed and 
marched to the corner of Grand and First Streets, where the trial of 
engines took place. The first trial was made by No. 3, but unfortun- 
ately the hose burst twice, after the engine had forced the stream 149 
feet. No. 4 next played, bursting its hose on the first trial, but throw- 
ing 156 feet. No. 5 threw 160 feet. After the regular trial No. 3 
again took its place at the reservoir, and threw 171 feet. One of the 
most exciting performances of the day was the race between Ringgold 
Hose and Columbian Hose. Starting from Catherine Street they ran 
to First, Columbian going down Liberty and Ringgold down Grand. 
Columbian succeeded in attaching their hose and " getting water " 
first. E. P. Taylor, of Poughkeepsie, E. H. Rheutan, of Peekskill. 
George H. Sharpe, of Kingston, and C. A. Gardiner, of Newburgh. 
were the judges. 

The first steam fire engine was ordered by the Common Council 
in September, 1S71, from the Amoskeag Company, the cost being 
about 84,500. The steamer arrived, and on Monday afternoon, Jan- 
uary I, 1S72, was tested by Chief Engineer Leonard in the presence 
of the city authorities and a large number of citizens. On the follow- 
ing day the steamer threw a stream through a i}4 inch nozzle and 100 
feet of hose over the top of the cross on the spire of St. Patrick's 
Church, 161 feet high. With a nozzle of the same size .she forced a 
stream through 100 feet of hose to a distance fif 193 feet on the level. 
This was measuring the length of the solid stream and not the spray. 



In 1S5S a hose company was organized in North Water Street and 
designated Neptune. A brick building was erected for them on the 
west side of the street, north of Broad, in 1S59. Their hose carriage 
formerly belonged to Mazeppa Hose of New York. A steamer was 
purchased for this company in 1S73, and thereupon the company 
changed its name to C. M. Leonard Steamer Company No. 2, in 
honor of the chief engineer. In 1878 their present engine house was 
erected. 

Chapman Hose Company was organized in September, 1S59, at the 
store of Jjhn P. Toohey, then on the corner of Clinton and Liberty 
Streets. Mr. Toohey was elected the first Foreman and Hugh Hamil- 
ton Assistant Foreman. The company was at first quartered in a 
shed on the east side of Liberty Street, north of Gidney Avenue, and 
in 1SG3 a suitable house was erected in South Street, from plans made 
by John D. Kelly. 

New houses were built for Lawson and Columbian Hose Compan- 
ies in 1S75, on the site of the old engine house (corner of Montgomery 
and Second Streets), at a cost of $5,494. E. K. Shaw was the archi- 
tect and William McMeekin the contractor. The lot was enlarged 
by the purchase of adjoining property for Si, 600. In 1SS9 the house 
of Columbian Hose Company was enlarged and otherwise improved 
at an expense of about two thousand dollars. The carriage of Law- 
son Hose was purchased in 1S75, and has several times been re- 
modeled and otherwise improved. The carriage of Columbian Hose 
was purchased in i860. 

The house now occupied by Brewster Hook and Ladder Company 
was erected in I S62; the architect was John D. Kelly, and the con- 
tractors Little & Kelly. The truck was purchased in i860 from the 
City of New York, and was once in charge of Chelsea Hook and 




HIGHLAND STEAMER CO,, NO. 3— Broadway, near West Street. 

Ladder Company. It is sometimes called " the White Swan," \: 
cause of its color and peculiarly graceful appearance. 

The house of Washington Steamer Company was enlarged 
1S6S, under contract with John D. Kelly. The brown stone fro 
was erected at the expense of the company. 



NEWBURGH 



97 



Highland Engine Company was organized in L. G. Ostrander's 
store on July 12, 1S66. On that occasion Henry Ross was the chair- 
man, and J. J. E. Harrison, now president of the company, the secre- 
trary. The following were elected the first officers: Moses H. Sager, 
foreman ; S. Lawson, assistant; J. J. E. Harrison, secretary ; H. Ross, 
treasurer; Charles L. Brown, steward. Committee on by-laws — 
—Moses H. Sager, James Hobbs, C. L. Brown. The engine house 
was erected in 1867, under contract with Brown & McMeekin, for 
$2,990. In 1SS2 the city appropriated $5,000 for the purchase of a 
steamer for the company. The contractors were the La France 
Company, of Elmira, and the engine arrived Tuesday, September 6. 
It weighs 5,400 pounds; the other steam fire engines weigh 4,000 
pounds each. The hand engine of the Highland Company was sold 
to the Village of Florida. 

In 1891 the Washington Heights Hose Company was organized, 
with Colonel W. D. Dickey as president; John Sansbury, foreman; 
Louis H. Van Tassell, assistant foreman; Edward A. Bush, secretary. 

Parade of 1889. 

Platoon of sixteen members of the Newburgh Police Department, 
Marshal James H. Sarvis commanding. 

Cappa's Band. 
New York Veteran Firemen's Association of New^ York, 

Union Hill Cornet Band. 
Columbian Hose Company No. 2, of Union Hill, N. J. 

Middletown Cornet Band. 

Phoenix Engine Company No. 4, of Middletown. 

Goshen Cornet Band. 

Cataract Engine Company No. 4, of Goshen. 

Goeller's Cornet Band, of Kingston. 

Rapid Hose Company No. i, of Rondout. 

West Point U. S. M. A. Band. 

Visiting Chiefs and Assistant Chiefs. 

Chief Engineer and Assistants of Newburgh Department. 

Brewster Hook and Ladder Companj-, No. i. 

Voss' First Regiment Band, Newark, N. ]. 

Ringgold Hose Company, No. 1. 

Brennan's Band, of Wappinger's Falls. 

C. M. Leonard Steamer Company, No. 2. 

Conway's Cornet Band, of Fishkill. 

Columbian Hose Company, No. 2. 

Collins' City Band, of Newburgh. 

Highland Steamer Company, No. 3. 

Ketcham Post Band, of Marlborough. 

Chapman Hose Company, No. 4. 

St. Joseph's Band, of Yonkers. 

Washington Steamer Company, No. 4. 

Albany City Band. 

Lawson Hose Company No. 5. 

Chief Engineers and Assistants. 

Benoni H. Howell, Chief. 

James Belknap, Chief. 

Benjamin F. Buckingham, Chief. 

1850 — William Lisle, Chief. 

183I — Cicero A. Gardiner, Chief. Isaac Wood, jr.. First Assist- 
ant. John W. Thomas, Second Assistant. 

i.';52 — Isaac Wood, jr.. Chief. John W. Thomas, First Assistant. 
Joseph A. McCartney, Second Assistant. 

'S53-54^Benjamin F. Buckingham, Chief. Aikman Speir, First 
Assistant. James T. Hamilton, Second Assistant. 

1855-56 — John K. Lawson, Chief. Joseph A. McCartney, First 
Assistant. John Proudfoot, Second Assistant. 

1857-58— John D. Kelly, Chief. Joseph H. H. Chapman, First 
Assistant. John J. S. McCroskery, Second Assistant. 

1859-60 — Joseph H. H. Chapman, Chief. John J. S. McCroskery, 
First Assistant. Hugh McMcCutcheon, Second Assistant, 

1861-62 — Chancey M. Leonard, Chief. Hiram S. Brew.ster, First 
Assistant. James C. Taggart, Second Assistant. 



1863-64 — Chancey M. Leonard, Chief. John B. Stanbrough, First 
Assistant. John W. Forsyth, Second Assistant. 

1865 — Chancey M. Leonard, Chief. John DeLancy, First Assist- 
ant. James C. Farrell, Second Assistant. 

1866-68 — Chancey M. Leonard, Chief. James T. Van Dalfsen, 
First Assistant. Archibald Hays, Second Assistant. 

1869-72 — Chancey M. Leonard, Chief. Archibald Hays, First As- 
sistant. Patrick Herbert, Second Assistant. 

1S73 — Chancey M. Leonard, Chief. Archibald Hays, First Assist- 
ant. John Fitchey, Second Assistant. 

1874 — Archibald Hays, Chief. John Fitchey. First Assistant. 
Odell S. Hathaway, jr. , Second Assistant. 

1875-77 — William Nixon, Chief. Elkanah K. Shaw, Michael 
Barry, Robert W. Hamilton, Assistants. 

1S7S-80— William Nixon, Chief. Samuel J. Hewitt, jr., Robert 
W. Hamilton, Hugh M. Hays, Assistants. 

18S1-S3 — Nicholas Powell, Chief. Samuel J. Hewitt, jr., Norman 

B. Buchanan,* Charles A. Miller, f Hugh M. Hays, Assistants. 
18S4-S6 — James Cunningham, Chief. Charles A. Miller, Thomas 

H. Burke, Henry JI. Leonard, Assistants. 

1887-89- James Cunningham, Chief. J. Henry Chapman, DeWitt 

C. Cameron, Henry C. Mellor, Assistants. 

iSgo— James Cunningham, Chief. DeWitt C. Cameron, James 
Driscoll, Nicholas F. Fitzpatrick, Assistants. 



CHANCEY M. LEONARD was born in Newburgh in the year 
1825, and in a house that occupied the site of the Bigler building at 
the corner of Third and Smith Streets. He resided here until six- 
teen years of age, receiving his education at the Newburgh Academy. 
Then he went to New York City and learned the trade of painting. 
In early manhood he became a member of the old volunteer fire 
department of the metropolis, first as one of Hose Company No. 8, 
and subsequently of Engine Company No. 5, which had its quarters 
in Ann Street, near the spot now occupied by the Herald building. 
He was elected Assistant Foreman of the engine company. At the 
age of nineteen he married Miss Rebecca Smith, of New York City, 
who died two years afterward, leaving a daughter, who married 
Thomas K. Rheutan. In 184S he married Miss Hope Smith, a sister 
of his first wife, and had several children. 

In 1S50 he returned to his native city and continued to reside here 
till his death. He was employed as a painter by E. T. Comstock, 
and on Mr. Comstock's death in 1S59, the firm of Ward & Leonard 
(Peter Ward and Chancey M. Leonard) was formed. James J. Logan 
afterward being received into the partnership, the firm became 
Ward, Leonard & Co. The business reached large proportions and 
was then, as it is to-day, one of the most important in the trade in the 
Hudson River Valley. 

Mr. Leonard joined Ringgold Hose Company, No. i, in 1853. He 
was elected Assistant Foreman, but his ability and experience as a 
fireman were such that he was called to fill a position of greater prom- 
inence. In 1861 he was elected Chief Engineer of the Newburgh Fire 
Department, and at each successive election thereafter was re-elected 
to the same office, till March, 1874, when he was called to take the 
higher position of jNIayor of the city. 

In 1S73 he was a delegate to the Democratic State Convention, and 
was an honorary member of the national Association of Chief Engi- 
neers. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity and well advanced 
in the degrees of the order. He died at his residence, 62 Ann Street, 
Thursday, December 3, 1874. 

Few men who have lived in Newburgh have won the unqualified 
esteem and warm friendship of his fellow-townsmen to so gi-eat a de- 
gree as did Chancey M. Leonard. Coupled with his acknowledged 
ability as a business man and exceptional qualifications as a fireman, 
were qualities of manhood that endeared him to many. He was gen- 
ial and companionable, and a frank and honorable man. His mem- 
ory will long be cherished and reminiscences of his deeds related 
by the firemen of the city. It was natural, then, that the an- 



NEWBURGH. 



nouncement of hi; 
dences of sorrov 



death should be received with extraordinar)^ evi- 
The services in connection with his burial 
were held on the 
Saturday after- 
noon following. 
Places of business 
were generally 
closed, and many 
buildings were 
draped in white 
and black. The 
funeral procession 
was composed of 
the Police Depart- 
in ent, Masonic 
Lodges, the Fire 
Department, the 
Common Council 
and ex-Aldermen, 
the Board of Edu- 
cation, the Board 
1 >f Water Commis- 
sioners, the Board 
I if Alms House 
Commissioners, the 
clergy and physi- 
cians of the city. 
The hearse was es- 
corted by fifty 
Knights Templar. 
The funeral dis- 
course was dehvered at Union Church by the Rev. Wendell Prime, 
D. D., and prayer was offered by the Rev. John Forsyth, D. D. and 
the Rev. W. H. Gleason. A chorus of fifty voices led the singing. 
The interment was in St. George's Cemetery. Henry M. Leonard, 
at present City Collector, and James J. Leonard, are sons. 




LEONARD. 



of St. George's Church thirty-ttve years, and in its time a Trustee of 
the Mechanics' Library Association. He joined Newburgh Lodge, F. &• 
A. M. in 1853, was 
a charter member 
of Hudson River 
Lodge, F.& A.M., 
and has been its 
Treasurer for 
twenty-five years. 
He was also a char- 
ter member of 
Highland Chapter, 
Hudson River 
Commandery, and 
King Solomon's 
Council of Royal 
and Select Masters. 
In Odd Fellowship 
he has been a mem- 
ber of Highland 
Lodge and Mount 
Carmel Encamp- 
ment. He was a 
member of the 
Board of Water 
Commissioners m 
1S75-S0. In 184S 
Mr. Chapman mai - 
r i e d L y d i a W 
Sanxay, daughter 
of Edmund Sanxay 

She died in 1S76 leaving three sons and one daughter, the latter being 
the wife of Robert Whitehill. His second wife was Mrs. Alexander 
Thompson, daughter of Josiah Conger, of Montgomery. She died 




JOSEPH H. H. CHAPMAN was bom 

March 12, 1S23. In 1846 he was taken into 
partnership by his father. Paddock Chap- 
man, in the bakery and grocery business 
established by Joseph Hoffman in 1793. On 
the death of his father in 1S67 he became 
sole proprietor. After conducting the busi- 
ness a number of years he sold out to James 
S. Buchanan. He was afterward in the 
grocery business at the northeast corner of 
Water and Second Streets, and more recent- 
ly at the corner of Liberty and Third Streets. 
He retired from business in 1S90. Mr. Chap- 
man has been prominently identified with 
many interests in his native city, and has 
been a very useful member of the community. 
In 1 841 he joined the Fire Department as 
a member of Excelsior Hose Company, and 
for ten j^ears he was Foreman of the Com- 
pany. He was First Assistant Chief Engi- 
neer in 1857-58, and Chief Engineer in 
1859-60. There were then three hand-engine 
companies, four hose companies and one 
hook and ladder company. Chapman Hose 
Company was organized during his term as 
Chief and named in his honor. While not 
performing active duty, he is still asso- 
ciated with the department and is often an honored guest at 
their festive gatherings. He was a member of the Board of 
Village Trustees from 1859 to 1S63 inclusive. He has been a Trustee 
of the Savings Bank almost since its organization, and since 1874 a 
Trustee of Wa.shington's Headquarters. He has been a Vestryman 



:m icr 



Chief Engii 



JAMES CUNNINGHAM, the present 
Chief Engineer of the Newburgh Fire De- 
partment, was bom in County TjTone Ire- 
land, in 1843. He was brought here during 
his infancy by his parents, who first settled 
at West Troy, where James attended school. 
When the lad was ten or twelve years old 
the parents moved to New York City, where 
James pursued his studies till he was appren- 
ticed in a wall-paper factory to learn the trade 
of a stainer, or printer. He early acquired a 
liking for the duties of volunteer firemen, 
and as a boy it was his wont to run with 
Chelsea Hook and Ladder Company No. 2. 
which then lay in Twenty-fourth Street. 
When the volunteer department of Kc\\- 
York Citv was disbanded Chelsea truck was 
sold to the City of Newburgh, and has been 
in service here ever since with Brewster Hook 
and Ladder Company. In 1869 Mr. Cunning- 
ham purchased the wholesale root beer busi- 
ness of Michael Corkins in this cit;- and 
moved here. Soon afterward he joined 
Brewster Hook and Ladder Company, and 
has been an active member ever since. He 
was once Assistant Foreman and a£ter\.'ard 
Foreman of that company. During his 'ong 
and faithful service he acquired a reputation 
in the department as one who thoroughly 
understood the business of fighting fire. In April, 1SS4, he was elected 
to the office of Chief Engineer for the term of three years, and re-ek ct- 
ed in 1SS7 and 1S90. The introduction of the Gamewell electric fire 
alarm system, resulting in the greatly increased efficiency of the de- 
partment, has been the most important event of his adininistration. 




INGHAM, 



EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 



The Public Schools— The Free Library— The Board of Education— Mount 
St. Mary's Academy— Siglar's Preparatory School. 



Xt^. 




X no portion of its development has Newburgh achieved 
a greater success than in that of education. The 
pubhc schools have always kept abreast of the times, 
both as regards accommodation and instruction. They 
are fref in every meaning of the word. No tuition 
whatever is charged to resident pupils, and the text 
books are furnished them free of cost. Therefore, 
a child of five years may enter the public schools, pass through 
all the grades, and those courses which he may elect, and be grad- 
uated from the academy with a superior education without a dollar's 
expense to his parents. 

In making choice of a residence people generally consider the op- 
portunities afforded for the education of their children. That New- 
burgh from its earliest settlement has been fully awake to the im- 
portance of popular education we have ample proof; that it is not 
niggardly in its expenditures we have the fullest evidence in the 
character of its school buildings, especially the new academy. 

There are seven pubhc school buildings and one public library 
building. The number of children over five and under twenty-one 
years of age on June 30, iSgi, was 7,066. On July 26, 1S91, the number 
of children attending the schools was 3,531. In the primary depart- 
ments the whole number of pupils enrolled was 2, 724; grammar depart- 
.ment, 572; academy, 235. The number of teachers employed was 79, 
and their aggregate salaries $39,200. The total expenditures for the 
year was $74,482.51. The total number of private schools in the city 
was II, and the number of pupils attending them was 1,384. 

The public schools are under the charge of the Board of Educa- 
tion, which is, within certain limits, independent of all other govern- 
ing bodies. The Board is assisted by a superintendent, who has 
general supervision. Under the fostering care and executive wisdom 
of the Board, and the able administration of the superintendent, en- 
couraged and supported by a cultured people, the city school system 
has reached an advanced state of perfection, and does not fear com- 
parison with that of any other city. Clearly recognizing that New- 
burgh is a rapidly-growing manufacturing and commercial center, it 
has been the earnest aim of the school authorities so to adapt the 
course of study in all departments as best to meet the needs of such 
a. population, while at the same time offering the most liberal facilities 
for acquiring the higher education. 

The fact that the great majority of the pupils never reach the 
academy has led to continuous and persistent efforts, and with the 
most pleasing results, so to perfect the primary and grammar schools 
as to secure to the pupils therein the be.st and most practical educa- 
tion possible. 

So, too, the courses of study in the academy are arranged with 
special reference to the needs of students who complete their studies 
here, while at the same ■time providing studies adapted to those pre- 
paring to enter college. The regular course in the academy is three 
years, with another added for those who wish to continue the study 
of the languages and solid geometrj'.* 

* In July, iSoi, by resolution of the B .ard, a four years' course was adopted 
for those who study the languages, frr those who desire to attend a higher in- 
struction, and for those who wish to teach ; and a course of three years for 
thiise taking plain English studitrs. 



The English course includes grammar, history, arithmetic, alge- 
bra, geometry, trigonometry, book-keeping, drawing, natural philos- 
ophy, astronomy, chemistry, physiology, botany, geology, English 
literature, rhetoric and science of government. For the study of the 
natural sciences special facilities are offered by a laboratory and ap- 
pliances necessary to the experimental method. 

The Latin- English course is the same as the English course through- 
out the three years, except that Latin grammar and lessons are sub- 
stituted for English grammar and composition the first year, Caesar's 
Commentaries (four books) for English grammar and astronomy the 
second year, and Virgil's ^neid (four books) for rhetoric and general 
history in the third year. 

The Classical course is the same as the Latin-English course dur- 
ing the first year. In the second year Greek grammar and lessons 
are substituted tor natural philosophy and book-keeping, and in the 
third year Xenophon's Anabasis (four books) for chemistry and Eng- 
lish hterature. In other respects the course is the same as the Latin- 
Enghsh course. In the last two years of the course French may be 
substituted for book-keeping in the B Class, and for rhetoric in the A 
Class. 

In the higher grades special subjects are taught by special teach- 
ers. For instance, in the academical department there are certain 
teachers for mathematics, another for sciences, another for drawing, 
another for languages, and so on, who teach these subjects in all the 
grades of the department in which they are studied, changing from 
room to room at fixed periods each day, and not being confined to any 
particular class, so far as those studies are concerned, if they are 
taught in more than one class. 

Drawing is taught in all grades, from the D primary to the A 
academic. As soon as the child is old enough he is also taught nmsic, 
and in the academy he has the benefit of a special teacher. The ex- 
perience of years has fully demonstrated that music, in addition to 
the benefits usually admitted, also exerts a beneficial moral influence, 
and, strengthening, softening and modulating the voice, is likewise a 
great aid in making good readers; while drawing, educating as it 
does the eye and hand, lays a solid basis for the rapid mastery of any 
vocation requiring mechanical or artistic skill, for it is the educated 
eye and the trained, deft hand that makes the chief difference between 
the skilled workman and the "botch." Physiology is taught in all 
the grades from C primary to A academic. The instruction in English 
grammar is also very thorough. In the primary department, where 
the study of grammar is not pursued, the pupils are held responsible 
only for the correct use of the word; but the teachers are expected to 
correct grammatical errors when they occur, so as to familiarize their 
scholars with the proper form. 

Manual training is an important branch of the system. Girls in 
the C grade, grammar department, and A, B and C grades, primary 
department, receive instruction in sewing from special teachers. The 
boys of the academy and those of the A grade, grammar department, 
receive instruction in wood-working and mechanical drawing from a 
special teacher. 

The public library contains over seventeen thousand volumes, and 
all the best periodicals of the day. It is open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. 
It is not only appreciated by the public at large, but is a most valu- 

[99] 



[OO 



NEWBURGH 



able aid to both teachers and pupils in all departments of the schools. 
In the appointment of teachers preference is given to normal 
school graduates, or those otherwise specially trained for the profes- 
sion of teaching. The salaries of teachers range from $i,Soo to $350. 

The school budget for iSgo-gi amounts to $69,475.13, less §11,200 
State moneys. This includes about §15,000 in partial payment of a 
new school building; $39,200 for teachers' wages; §2,800 for main- 
tenance of library; §2,300 for fuel and light; $1,400 interest; §2,300 
for school books and drawing materials; $2,200 for janitors' salaries; 
§1,000 for superintendent's salary; §1,300 for repairs and other minor 
expenses. 

The free schools of Xewburgh exist in virtue of an act of the 
Legislature, passed April 6, 1S52, which provided " that all that part 



The circumstances under which the free school system was intro- 
duced here were, briefly stated, as follows: When the schoolhouse in 
Clinton Street was built by the Trustees of the Glebe, though it was 
considerably smaller than now, many persons deemed it entirely too 
large. The school was entrusted to the charge of William N. Reid, 
an experienced and able teacher, and almost as soon as it was 
opened the new building was so overcrowded with pupils that its 
speedy enlargement, or a new edifice, was a manifest necessity. While 
this subject was under consideration the passage of the general free 
school law of 1 85 1 imposed upon the trustees of all school districts the 
necessity of inquiring how they could best give effect to this law. At 
a joint meeting of the Trustees of what was then known as District 
Xo. 13 (Jloses H. Belknap, Nelson Haight and Robert Sterling) and 




^JEWBURGH ACADEMY 



of the Town of Newburgh included within the bounds of the corpora- 
tion of the Village of Newburgh shall hereafter constitute one com- 
mon school district; " that as soon as possible after the passage of the 
act nine trustees should be elected who, with their successors in of- 
fice, should constitute a body to be styled " The Board of Education 
of the Village of Newburgh," and should be invested with certain 
corporate powers for carrying out the purposes of the act. An elec- 
tion was held, according to the provisions of the law, on the 3d 
of May, 1852, when the following gentlemen were chosen: John 
Beveredge, John J, Monell, Nathaniel Jones, Charles F. V. Reeve, 
George W. Kerr, D. G. Leonard, L. B. Gregory, John Brown, D. D., 
and Thomas C. Ring. On the 12th of May the first meeting of the 
Board -was hold, and its organization was completed by the election 
of John Beveredge president, and Nathaniel Jones clerk. 



of the Trustees of the Glebe, or No. 15, as it was then styled (John 
BeveiPdge, Dr. A. G. Hull and Nathan Reeve) held in May, 1851, a 
resolution was passed calling a public meeting at Washington Hall. 
to consider the propriet\- of apph-ing to the Legislature for a law to 
unite the whoi'i village in one district — to make all the schools in the 
district free — tht same to be under the charge of a Board of Educa- 
tion to be elected by the people. The idea was well received by the 
people, and at another public meeting held in February, 1852, the 
draught of the law was approved, and it was resolved to petition the 
Legislature to enact the same. In the month of August, 1S52, the 
schools were formally opened on the new plan. 

To form a proper judgment of the merits of the present system of 
education, and the results accomplished by the Board of Education, 
it is necessarv to compare the system wuh the one it superseded, or 



NEWBURGH 



101 



to contrast the means of instruction which we now possess with those 
which existed in former years. We shall notice the public schools in 
their historical order: 

THE GLEBE SCHOOL. 

The property, long known as the Glebe, was given to the Palatine 
settlers for the support of a Lutheran minister. In 1752 the " En- 
glish new inhabitants " obtained a new patent of the Glebe lands for 
the maintenance of a minister of the Church of England and of a 
schoolmaster, so that the Glebe school may be said in law to date 
from 1752, just one hundred years before the estabHshment of the 
free school system. A building was soon afterward erected in Lib- 



The school was regularly held in the schoolmaster's house in 
Liberty Street till about 1774. Mr. Hutchins and Mr. King held the 
school in the ' ' parsonage house. " In 1 789 the trustees rented a house 
for a school from James Van Orsdall. ilr. Spierin held it in a house 
which afterward formed part of the residence of Charles F. V. Reeve, 
on the northeast corner of Grand and South Streets. From 1797 to 
1809 it was combined with the so-called English room of the academy. 
The " act to amend the charter of the Glebe," passed by the Legis- 
lature in 1S03, directed that the sum of $200 should be paid annually 
to the trustees of the academy, and that "the remainder of the 
money arising from such income " should be paid to the trustees of 
the other schools on the Glebe, as the inhabitants should direct. 




I— Eugene B. Horton. 

6— John McCormick. 

7— Wolcott Remington. 

8— James R. Thompson, 

9— Florence Taylor. 
10— Mary E. Jansen. 
ii-John Wise. 
12— Elizabeth L. Gordon. 
13— Almira Seaman. 



^-3-Ja 



I M. Cr, 



CLASS OF 

15— Clarence H. Eckerson. 
16— Ulysses J. AJsdorf. 
17— Clarence O. Warford. 
iS— Maria W. Fawcett. 
19— Frena Marshall. 
20 — Anna Eaton. 
21— Emma DuMond. 
23— George E. Raitt. 
24-Gertrude Wise. 



II— NEWBURGH ACADEMY— WITH INSTRUCTORS. 



-Pauline Brown 



6— James W. Terry, 
7— Mark W. Roe. 
8-Alice Van Cleft. 
9- William T. Howell. 
D— Florence Van Duzer. 
I— Eleanor F. Brown. 
2— Margaret R. Dunlap. 
3— Frank R. Corwin. 
t— Anna E. Flanagan. 



35— Margaret Hamilton. 
36— Mary McBurnev. 
37— Helen R. Hunter. 
38— James E. Wilson, jr. 
39— Euphemia May. 
40— Blanche E. Felter. 
41— Ida R. Henderson. 
42— Frances O. Authouss 
43-William J. Wygant. 



1 H. Doty, Asst. Principal. 



B., Teacher of Langua 



i Agnes McFadden, Teacher of Mathem 



2-Willi: 
i-Mi 



i Dora M. To\ 



44 — ilarie A. Kimber. 
45— Hattie W. Gordon. 
46-William H. Brokav 
47-Edith J. Walsh. 
48-ClarenceW.Buckrai 
49— Ella L. Krom. 
5<^Jonathan D. Wilsoi 
51— Luella Galatian. 
52- Frank S. Snyder. 



, Teacher of Higher English. 



erty Street, near the head of Clinton Street. From the records of the 
Glebe it appears that Mr. Palmer was the schoolmaster in 1765; 
Louis Donveur in 176S; Joseph Penny in 1769; Thomas Gregory in 
1773; John N. Hutchins from 1774 to 17S2; Richard King from 17S2 
to 1790, when the two offices of minister and schoolmaster were com- 
bined in the person of the Rev. George H. Spierin. Difficulties, 
growing out of the claims of the Episcopal Church to the property, led 
to his resignation in 1793. 



In 1S09 "the juvenile school in Old Town," as distinct from the 
Academy, was established in the old Lutheran Church, which hence- 
forth was known as the Glebe schoolhouse. It was conducted for 
several years by Ebenezer Adams, who was succeeded by John P. 
Tarbell. John Goodsell was the teacher from about 1S30 to 1S43. 
The last teacher in the structure was John L. Lyon, who taught 
there from 1843 to 1S45. In the latter year he removed the school to 
the Academy, occupying the south room on the first floor. Soon 



t02 



NEWBURGH. 



afterward the building in the old town cemetery was demoHshed. 
Those of our citizens who attended the Glebe school in the grave- 
yard will recall it, to quote Eager's description, as " a long, low, nar- 
row, unsightly building— old, patched up, disjointed and weather 




GRAMMAR SCHOOL NO 



beaten." During recess and before and after school sessions the 
children played among the grave-stones in the old cemetery. 

In 1S48-49 the Clinton Street school building was erected, as the 
result of the division of school district No. 13 and the erection of No. 
15, and the new school, in district No. 15, became of- 

and received )w "s^^ 



obtain for a small tuition an education above that of the old-fashioned 
district school, and it included both classical and English depart- 
ments. For forty years the courts were held there, and the court 
room was the place of public meetings, the general and town elections, 
and the cradle of several of the churches of the city. 
The principals received at first a small salary in 
addition to the tuition fees from pupils, and were 
permitted to occupy a portion of the building as a 
residence, and also to have the use of the garden. 
.-Vfter 1S13 a separate house was rented for their use. 
There was a department for girls in the northeast 
room of the first floor. Among other things they 
were taught "tambouring" and sewing. In 1S37-3S the 
trustees erected the building now the Home for the 
Friendless, at a cost of S7.094.58. It was used as a 
Ijoarding-house for pupils Of the Academy not resi- 
dents of the village. Previous to that time '■ students 
were furnished with board in respectable families." 

THE HIGH SCHOOL 

Was incorporated April 23, 1829, and was constituted 
ihe common school for district No. 13, which then 
embraced the whole village. The building was com- 
pleted and opened in February, 1S30, and John P. 
Tarbell and j\Iiss Mary Ross employed as teachers. 
Orville M. Smith succeeded Mr. Tarbell in 1S34, ^^^ 
held the position tiU the close of the December term 
in 1S48, when he resigned. James P. Brown was 
his successor. He served till ilarch, 1S52, when S. G. 
McLaughlin was appointed, and held the position till 
the sj'stem of free schools was established. 

There was also a school for colored children, es- 
tablished a few years before the passage of the Act of 1852, and ac- 
commodated in a small wooden structure in 'Washington Street. 

When the present system went into effect the schools above de- 
scribed were transferred to the Board of Education. The High School 



ficially known as the "Glebe school, 
the revenues of the Glebe over and above the sum re- 
quired by law to be paid to the academy. 

THE ACADEMY. 

This institution may be said to have been founds 1 
by the Rev. George H. Spierin and the trustees of the 
Glebe jointly, in 1790, when the offices of school-mas- 
ter and minister Were combined in the person of Mr. 
Spierin. In an advertisement published by the trus- 
tees on the 13th of July,- 1790, they state that Jlr. 
Spierin, who had lately settled in Newburgh, propos- 
ed opening an academy for the instruction of the 
youth "in the Greek and Latin languages and the 
different other branches of literature," as soon as a 
sufficient number of pupils should present themselves, 
and it was proposed by the trustees to raise sub- 
scriptions with which to erect a building. For some 
years the proposition was held in abeyance by the 
opposition of a large portion of the community. 

The Glebe charter provided for a minister a/ti/ n 
school-master, and a school by a regular school-mas- 
ter had always been conducted separate and distinct 
from the ministerial office. The combination of the 
two functions in one person was not regarded with 
favor. A fierce local agitation sprang up, in the 
midst of which Mr. Spierin resigned. In 1796 
the erection of the school was commenced by the Trustees, 
and a part of it was occupied the following year. It continued under 
the care of the Glebe trustees till 1804, when the inhabitants elected 
nine trustees "to take charge of the school in the Academy." In 
1806 it was incorjiorated. For many years it was the only institution 
of a public kind in this region in which the youth of both se.xes could 




in Grand Street, and the Glebe School in Clinton Street, were trans- 
ferred without cost. The Academy property, which was also trans- 
ferred by its trustees, carried with it certain obligations, which were 
assumed by the Board of Education, so that the property cost the 
Board $5,?8o. In 1S55 or '56, as the brick building adjoining the 
Academy was not deemed necessary for school purposes, it was sold 



NEWBURGH 



103 



with a lot 75 feet front on Montgomery Street for $5,000. 
These were at first the only school-houses available, with the ex- 
ception of a small room rented on Western Avenue near Stone Street, 
rooms in the basement of Union Church, and two rooms in the brick 
building near the Academy. There were four male and twelve female 



K 








GRAMMAR SCHOOL NO. 3— Corner of South and Johnston Streets. 

teachers in the employ of the Board. The number of pupils on reg- 
ister at the High School in 1851-52 was 348, and at the Glebe School 
and Academy about 120. During the first year of the new order of 
things the number of pupils was doubled. 

William N. Reid was the first principal of the Academy under the 
new system. He purchased the present Home for the Friendless 
building and conducted it as a boarding-school, after resigning his po- 
sition in the Academy. The Board of Education then ceased to use 
any portion of it. 

For a time a small school was held in the "gymnasium," which 
was a part of the property transferred to the Board by the Academy 
trustees. The crowded state of the schools also obliged the Board to 
make temporary provision for the children by renting the Mission 
building of the Baptist Church in west Washington Street for a prim- 
ary department. In the Fall of 1 864 they purchased the German Catho- 
lic Church in Liberty Street, north of Farrington, and in May, 1S65, 
they opened a primary department in it. For several years following 
1862 the Home for the Friendless school was under the care of the 
Board. 

School No. I, in Washington Street, was erected in 1S57. It has 
been three times enlarged. The German Catholic Church in 
Liberty Street was sold after it had been occupied as a school for a 
short period, and a lot 100x212 feet on the corner of South and Johnston 
Streets was purchased, on which School 5^o. 3 w*s erected in 1866, at 
a cost of $35,830. The opening of this school in January, 1S67, marked 
the commencement of a new era in the history of the public schools 
of Newburgh. For the first time it was possible to organize a graded 
school. For the inception and successful accomplishment of this plan 
the community is largely indebted to Hiram A. Jones, then clerk and 
superintendent. 

School No. 5 was built in 1867, at a cost of $16,795.60. The Clinton 
Street school (No. 4) was enlarged in 1870 (for the second time), at a 
cost of $6,738.92. School No. 2 was erected in 1872 on the site of the 
High School and library building, at a cost of $37,072.91. The new 
Academy was completed in 1886, and School No. 6, at the corner of 
Renwick and Liberty Streets, is now (September. 1891) in course of 
erection. 

The Academy building contains twenty-one rooms, including the 
janitor's apartments. School buildings Nos. i, 2 and 3 each contain 



fourteen schoolrooms, Nos. 4 and 5 each six rooms, and No. con- 
tains eight classrooms, and a large assembly-room. 

The daily sessions are from 9 to 11.30 a. m. and from i to 3 p. m. 
For many years we have practiced the no-recess plan, and our e.x- 
perience commends it. In all primary classes a regular calisthenic 
exercise is prescribed and practiced during each school session, 
instead of the recess formerly allowed. 

The manual training school was opened in September, 18S6. It 
occupies a portion of the Clinton Street building, and is supplied with 
an electric motor, lathes, jig saws, hand-tools, benches, etc. It is in 
charge of William J. Woods, a graduate of the Worcester Technical 
Institute. By far the greater number of boys must, after leaving 
school, get their living by the use of their hands and eyes, and it is 
evident that whatever of skill with hand or eye they may acquire in 
their school training must be greatly to their advantage in after-hfe, 
even if not exactly of the same kind as that which shall be required 
in their daily vocation. But in addition to mechanical skill, habits of 
carefulness, patience and perseverance are acquired. The ability to 
do something begets manliness and self-reliance, and the more skill 
he acquires the more respect and appreciation the pupil has for man- 
ual labor and manual laborers. " If manual training simply does 
nothing but do away mth the snobbish notion that labor is degrading, 
it is worthy of a place in the public schools." 

With us pupils are trained in the use of the common hand-tools for 
working wood, in wood-carving, lathework, cabinet making and 
mechanical drawing. The course extends through four years, two 
and a half hours in each week being devoted to it. One hundred and 
sixty boys are in attendance. 

The annual exhibitions of the manual training classes — in carpen- 
try, drawing, sewing and penmanship — win the highest praise from 
competent judges. 

The free-book system was adopted in September, 1886. The Board 
provides everything used by the pupils — pens, paper, ink, pads, pen- 
cils, text books, etc. Experience shows that it has increased the at- 
tendance at the public schools, besides creating habits of care and 
thoughtfulness. 

The teachers hold monthly meetings for an interchange of opin- 
ions and experience in matters of importance in schoolwork. All the 




GRAMMAR SCHOOL NO, 5-West Street 

teachers are required to attend, and the superintendent presides. A 
question-box is always provided, and through this agency many ques- 
tions are asked and answered which otherwise would remain unasked 
and unanswered, and the more experienced teachers inform and in- 
struct the younger ones. 



I04 



NEWBURGH 



Believing that the instructions and impressions of early youth are 
the most lasting, and patriotism, love of flag and country are among 
the most commendable virtues of our citizens, and the inculcation of 
those virtues is properly within the province of our public school sys- 
tem, the Board of Education on October 27. 1SS9, adopted a resolu- 




GRAMMAR SCHOOL NO. 6 Corner of Liberty and Renwick Streets. 

tion offered by Trustee Joseph A. Sneed to the effect that the national 
flag be displayed from the school buildings from the opening to the 
closing of school every school day; that the Principal of each school 
shall select a color-guard, consisting of a certain number of boys and 
girls, whose duty it shall be to raise the flag at the opening of school 
in the morning and lower the same at the close of school in the after- 
noon, the color-guard to be chosen from among those who during the 
preceding month have shown the greatest proficiency in their studies. 
Therefore " Old Glory" waves over the heads of our school children 
every school da\-, and other cities and towns have followed the ex- 
ample set by Newburgh. 

Besides the public schools there are three under the care of the 
Roman Catholic churches, described in another place, and eight 
private schools, with an attendance of 1,384. pupils. Notable 
among the private schools are Mt. St. Mary's Academy and 
Miss Mackie's boarding school for girls, and Siglar's preparatory 
school for boys. 

THE FREE LIBRARY. 

The library has attained an important position. Its elevating in- 
fluence is felt and acknowledged, and in a constantly increasing de- 
gree is recognized and appreciated by the public. Our people speak 
of it with pardonable pride, and visiting strangers accord it many 
words of commendation. It is provided with a commodious and 
attractive building, fronting on one of our best streets, and in a cen- 
tral location with pleasant surroundings. The rooms are large and 
inviting, well lighted, and furnished with all that is needed to meet 
the reasonable demands of those who choose to avail themselves of 
its privileges. It is open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. on week days 
throughout the year. The books have been selected with care, are in 
plain sight, and not disfigured with paper covers. They are arranged 
in low cases where they can be readily reached by the library attend- 
ants. The leading periodicals, with our local daily newspapers, are 
on the reading-room tables for public use. Cyclopedias and other 
books of reference have been liberally provided, and no part of the 
library-work is more cheerfully performed by the librarian or his 
assistants than that of answermg questions and giving all possible 
aid to persons seeking information on special subjects. 



The eftorts that have been made in the past to establish a closer 
relationship between the free schools and the free library are produc- 
ing the desired results. One evidence of this is found in the fact that 
the Board of Education, on the recommendation of the superintend- 
ent of our public schools, has added to the library a teachers' reading 
room. A portion of the large upper room, some- 
times known as Library Hall, has been tastefully fit- 
ted up and furnished for the purpose, and supplied 
with books and periodicals adapted to the needs of 
the teachers in their special vocation. This room can 
also be used by citizens or strangers who may desire 
a quiet retreat for study or literary work. 

The superintendent of our schools has urged upon 
the teachers the importance of cultivating in the 
minds of their pupils a taste for useful reading. The 
teachers have heartily co-operated, and, among 
other means to this end, have been in the habit of fre- 
quently suggesting special historical or scientific 
questions for investigation by the pupils. This re- 
quires the use of such books in the library as will aid 
them in their researches, and leads them to a course 
of reading which they soon find is profitable and 
pleasant. The superintendent, librarian and teachers, 
having the same end in view, without any premedi- 
tated plan have been working in concert, and to a 
considerable extent have accomplished their purpose. 
This library was organized September 7, 1S52, 
and is among the oldest of the free public circulating 
libraries. Previous to 1S50 there was none in Great 
Britain, but four in this State, ten in the New 
England States, and besides these but six in the 
But one of these libraries organized pre\'ious to 1S50 
circulation now as the Newburgh 



United States. 

has as many books or as large 




MANUAL TRAINING SCHOOL— Cli 



near Liberty Street. 



^''^^^i^s}r=r*'" 



Free Library, 
butions and 



and that or 
s free only 



is supported by voluntary coiitri- 
At a meeting of the 



NEWBURGH 



105 



Board of Education, held September 7, 1S52, on motion of 
George W. Kerr, it was resolved "that all the school libra- 
ries be consolidated and placed together in the academy room, 
now in readmess." At the next meeting WilUam N. Reid was 
appointed librarian; 924 volumes from the High School, 737 from the 
Glebe, and 418 from the Academy were thus united and deposited in 
one of the smaller rooms of the Academy, making a total of 2,079 
volumes. These were carefully examined, the duplicate volumes 
thrown out, and some additions made by purchase. Five hundred 
catalogues were procured and the library, with 2,001 volumes, was 
opened to the public Saturday, November 6, 1S52, from 2 to 3 p. m., 
and at the same hour each succeeding Saturday, until January, 1S61, 

when by an amendment of the rules it was required to be open on p 

Tuesdays from 7 to 9 p. m. for adult males and young men not 
connected with the schools, on Thursdays from i to 5 p. m. , ex- 
clusively for ladies, and on Saturdays from S a. m. to 1 2 m. for the 
school children. This arrangement continued until 1865, since 
which time it has been open daily, except on Sundays and legal F 
holidays. In i860 more room and better accommodations 
were needed for the proper care of the books, and a neat 
library building was erected on the corner of Grand and Camp- 
bell Streets, adjoining the High School building, at a cost of 
$2,494.49. This was occupied until 1S72, when the High 
School and Library buildings were removed, the present No. 
2 Grammar School building erected, and a room in the north- ^- 
east wing fitted up for the accommodation of the library. 

In 1862 the books of the Mechanics' Library Association jijil'l 
were transferred to the Board of Education, and by this ar- ^ j 
rangement 2,Soi volumes were added to the library. In 1S73 a 
fund of $734 was donated to the Board of Education by the 
Mechanics' Library Association upon the stipulation that it 
should remain a permanent fund, and that the interest shotdd 
be expended annually in the purchase of scientific books. 

In 1875 a lot on Grand Street, opposite School No. 2, was 
purchased, and the erection of a fine building was commenced 
in 1876, under the superintendence of Thomas Kimball. John A. 
Wood, of New York, was the architect; William Hilton & Son, 
carpenters; Thomas Dobbin, mason. The building was completed 
in June, 1877. Charles Estabrook was appointed librarian April 18, 
1S77, ^i^d Charles A. Peck and Frank E. Estabrook were appointed 
assistants. The library was opened for the delivery of books Feb- 
ruary 13, 187S, with 10,421 volumes. In September, 1878, a card sys- 
tem of keeping accounts was introduced by the librarian, and is still 
in use. By this system it is possible with the present library force to 
receive and deliver three thousand volumes daily, and keep an accu- 
rate account and a daily record of the work and condition of the libra- 
ry. In 18S2 the late Rev. John Forsyth, D. D., presented the hbrary 
with 603 volumes, many of them rare and very valuable as books of 
reference, which, if lost, could probably not be replaced; and in 1889 
299 volumes were received from his heirs. In October, 18S4, George 
W. Kerr and Eugene A. Brewster, executors of the estate of the late 
Rev. John Brown, D. D., deposited in the hbrary the original records 
of the Newburgh Academy from 1807 to 1S56, and his family added 
to the library 20 large volumes of old and rare books, some of them 
being fine specimens of block printing and hand illuminations pub- 
lished in 1468. Many volumes are presented yearly. 

In October, 1S84, a letter was received from Dr. Theodore Vetter, 
of Frauenfeld, Switzerland, asking for some information, and stating 
that he was preparing a lecture on hbraries in America, was famihar 
with some of the prominent libraries of Boston, New York and other 
large cities, had visited the Newburgh Free Library, was very 
much pleased with its arrangement, and selected it as a model for 
libraries in smaller cities. 

The library room is also used as a reading room, and besides the 
building contains the private office of the librarian, the office of the 
superintendent of schools, and the meeting room of the Board of 
Education, which is also used as a reading room and meeting place 
for teachers. Mr. Estabrook continues as the eflicient librarian, and 
his present assistants are Miss Lilhe O. Estabrook and Thomas M. 
Hawthorne. 



CLASSIFIED CONTENTS OF THE LIBRARY. 

I'a/s. Per cent. 

Poetry, periodicals and miscellany 4,268 24.45 

History, geography and travels 3,660 20.97 

Adult fiction 2,869 16.44 

Art and science 2,010 11.52 

Biography 1,358 7.79 

U. S. Government publications 1,098 6.29 

Juvenile fiction 762 4.37 

Juvenile histor}-, biography, etc 549 3.15 

New York State publications 496 2. 85 

Cyclopedias, dictionaries and atlases 379 2.17 

17,450 100. 

r 




I.