Full text of "Newburgh; her institutions, industries and leading citizens, historical, descriptive and biographical"

M.L.

74.702

i35n

214135

GENEALOGY COLUECTION

ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY

lillllilll oi
3 1833 01150 3239

after

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NEWBURQH:

Her Institutions, Industries and
Leading Citizens.

A Beautiful Volume— Just Published. g'4xi2 inches. 336 Pages 514
Illustrations (nearly all of which are Phototypes— sptfcimens of the highest
skill attained in this branch of the printer's art). Printed on coated, or
enameled, paper. The book also contains a " Personal Index" of over
3,400 people mentioned in the volume, so that any one can see at a
glance whether he or his friends are named therein.

The Mniiy AdTantaKes aud Attractions of this Beautiful City for Residence
or Place of Business are Fully Illustrated and Described.

Bf Mail.

FULL MOROCCO, GILT EDGES, - $5.00 J5-32

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Published by RITCHIE & HULL,

Proprietors Journal Printing House and Book-Bindery,

NEWBURGHa

'i^

"t\AX^ \XoA)k

Her

_^ HISTORICAL, DESCRIPTIVE AND BIOGRAPHICAL. D^^

'Remember, we know well only the great nations whose books we possess: of the others we know nothing, or, but little.'

COMPILED BY JOHN J. XUTT.

NEWBURGH, N. Y.

PuWished by RitGl]le & Hull, Proprietors Newbiirgl] Journal

^-£18912^-^

PUBLISHERS' NOTICE

X this book an earnest and candid effort has been made, first, to review the salient points
in the history of our city ; second, to record her remarkable advancement in the decade
just past ; and, finally and especially, to picture and describe truthfully and adequately the
Newburgh of the present time — her appearance, her institutions, her industries, and
her citizens — so as to give, not only a fair representation of her to our contemporaries,
but also to leave to those who will ere long fill our places a souvenir of the time and the place
in which we live.

As was said in our prospectus, it is one of the objects of this work to attract to Newburgh in-
creased population and wealth. Immigration is the touchstone of the growth and prosperity of a city.
Hence we see the attention given it by cities and States in the West ; and it is everywhere observable
that the localities which have shown the greatest enterprise in this direction have almost without ex-
ception surpassed other places of equal or even greater natural advantages. . That Newburgh possesses
adaptability for manufactures unexcelled by any other city in the eastern States, and that she has
many great advantages for commerce and as a place of residence, is conceded by all who have fairh-
weighed her claims with those of other cities. But the fact that she has these qualifications is not
alone sufficient. They must be made known abroad, so that those in less-favored places may be led
to transfer their interest and business to our city. We believe that the wide circulation of a book such
as this is the best method which can be chosen to disseminate a knowledge of Newburgh. A work
devoted to the advancement of a city, if possessed of any merit at all, cannot fail to prove of great
benefit to the place.

We know of no city in the land for which a work of this character has been completed on a plan
so large and elaborate. The co-operation which we have received from our fellow townsmen ex-
ceeded our expectations, and on our part we have more than fulfilled every promise made in the pros-
pectus. We have spared nothing to make the book what it ought to be — what it is.

Great care has been taken in its preparation to confine all statements within conservative bounds.
It is quite impossible to bring a book like this down to date. Some changes have occurred since
the sheets were put to press.

The publishers desire to express their thanks to the public-spirited citizens who co-operated with
them in this work. Without their help the enterprise could not have been carried out.

The historical information has been gleaned by the compiler from many sources. Every volume
known to contain anything in relation to Newburgh has been examined, and the files of newspapers
from the earliest times have been consulted. Acknowledgments are made particularly to tlic writ-
ings of Ruttenber, and also to those of Eager, Boynton, and Headley. And to all those who have
aided the compiler to information, or in any other friendly way have helped us, we desire to make
grateful recognition.

RITCHIE & HULL.

■

CONTENTS

PAGE.

A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE PAST— The Palatines— The Story of the Glebe— Early Inhabitants— Building a City - - 17

HEADQUARTERS OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE CONTINENTAL ARMY— The Last Cantonment— Washing-
ton at New Windsor — The Public Building — No King But God— Mutiny Quelled — The Cincinnati — Dissolution of the Army 29

CENTENNIAL CELEBRATIONS— Revolutionary Events Commemorated at Newburgh and Neighboring Towns - - - 43

LOCATION AND SURROUNDINGS— Advantages of Newburgh's Situation— Highland Terrace— Contributing District and

Neighboring Villages — Beautiful Drives — Nature's Handiwork — Historical Associations and Legends ----- 49

A VISIT FROM LA FAYETTE - - - - 55

A REMINISCENCE OF VILLAGE DAYS. (By N. P. Willis) - - 57

STEPPING-STONES IN A CITY'S GROWTH— Newburgh's Progress in Ten Years - - 59

THE CITY OF NEWBURGH— Characteristics and Advantages -------- 71

THE CITY WATER WORKS --------- 83

HEALTH .-----..------ 85

THE POLICE DEPARTMENT ----------- -^ 0-4 (i -j "O CT - - - - - Qi

THE FIRE DEPARTMENT - - - . _ - _ 93

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS— The Public Schools— The Free Library— The Board of Education— Mount St. Mary's Acade-
my — Siglar's Preparatory School - ----99

OUR CHURCHES AND PASTORS -------- 117

BENEVOLENCE— Institutions Which Care for the Bodies, Minds and Souls of the People -------- 151

BENCH AND BAR— The Courts and Those Who Practice Before Them - - 157

FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ------- - - 167

THE PRESS— Newspapers and Newspaper Men of the Past and Present ------------ 177

THE POST OFFICE - - - - . . - - 1S5

REAL ESTATE - 1S7

THE BOARD OF TRADE— An Organization for the Pubhc Good— Men of Brains and Business— The Work They Have Achieved

for the Advancement of Newburgh ------------ 1S9

SOME OF OUR TOWNSMEN - -.--.----.--- 193

TRANSPORTATION— The Commercial Arteries of the City— Railroad and Navigation Facilities ------- 221

MANUFACTURING— The Leading Productive Industries of Newburgh Illustrated and Described, and the Men Who Manage

Them - - - 235

MERCANTILE— And Other Business Interests of the City of Newburgh 2S6

IN LEISURE HOLERS— Newburgh's Record in Out-Door Athletics— Rowing, Skating, Yachting and Base Ball - - - 322

SOCIAL LIFE— Clubs, Societies and Other Pleasant Attractions - - 330

CEMETERIES - ------ 333

SOME INTERESTING FIGURES - - - - ----------- 334

MEMORABLE EVENTS IN THE CITY'S LIFE - - - - - 335

^£ ILLUSTRATIONS %^

PAGE.

Academy' of Music 6S

Adams & Bishop Co.'s Paper Mill 2S5

Adams, George B 303

Adams, George B. , Store of 304

Adams, Hon. John C 283

African M. E. Zion Church 12S

" Aldendell " — The Residence of James

M. Wentz, Grand Avenue 54

Allan, Charles F., D. D. S., Residence

of 190

American Reformed Church 131

Andrews, John P 69

An Old Landmark— On First Street,

between Grand and Liberty S2i

Applegate, Rev. Octavius, M. A., S.T.D. 127
Arlington Paper Jlill, (H. Powell Rams-
dell's) 261

Armory, (The) 332

" Arno, (The) " 18S

Balfe, Thomas F 175

Balm of Gilead Tree, (The) 50

Banks, Hugh S 113

Barnes, Edgar C 293

Barnes, Edgar C, Warehouse of 293

Barnes, George, Store of 318

Barr, Rev. Robert H., Ph. D 122

Bay View Terrace and Courtney Avenue

— Southwest corner of 64

Bazzoni, Building 269

Bazzoni, Lewis J 265

Beacon Fire (A) 39

Beattie, Rev. Robert H 132

Beckman, Horatio B 264

Bedell & Seymour's Store 317

Beggs, George 296

Beggs & Moore's Store 296

Belknap, Moses C 168

Belknap & McCann's Soap Factory. . . . 269

Bethel Mission School 119

Beveridge Brewing Co.'s Brewery 262

Bigler, James 200

Bogardus, Edward T 301

Boynton, Major Edward C, A. M 191

Bradley, Capt. Ambrose 205

Bradley, Capt. Ambrose, Residence of. 205

Brewster, Eugene A 161

Brewster Hook and Ladder Co., House of 92

Bridgeman, Alfred, Residence of 192

Brill, Jacob S 292

Broadway — Looking East from Dubois

Street 58

Brokaw Mfg. Co.'s Factory 263

Brokaw, AVilliam B 264

Brown, Henry Kirke 194

Brown, Rev. John, D. D 116

Brown, Hon. John AV 15S

Brown Lime Works, (The) 2S5

Brown, William R 1S6

Brundage, J. B. B 292

Bull, Stephen M 29S

Bull, Stephen M. , Storehouse of 299

Bull, Stephen M., Storehouse of (In-
terior) 298

Bullis, Ephraim 212

Burke, William F 301

Caldwell, Ira, Store of 318

Calvary PreslDyterian Church & Manse. 141

Cameron, Daniel G 219

Campground, (The) 33

Cantine, Col. George A 216

Carlisle, Rev. John W. F 123

Carlisle. Rev. Samuel 123

Carroll Monument, (The) 309

Carter, Enoch ig8

Carter, Henry 313

Carter, Henry, Conservatories and Resi-
dence of 313

PAGE.

Cassedy, Hon. Abram S 163

Cassedy, William F 166

Chadborn & Coldwell Mfg. Co.'s Factory 239

Chadwick, James 250

Chadwick, James, Residence of 250

Chadwick, Joseph 250

Chadwick, Joseph, Residence of 251

Chambers, Albert N 246

Chambers, William 83

Chapman Hose Co. , House of 92

Chapman, Isaac C 305

Chapman, Isaac C Residence of 305

Chapman, Isaac C. , Store of 305

Chapman, Joseph H. H 98

Children's Home 155

Church of our Father — Unitarian 146

Church of the Good Shepherd — Protes-
tant Episcopal 1 50

Clark, Edson H 202

Clark, Hon. George 78

Clark, George H 165

Clark, Leander 207

Clark, Leander, Jr 202

Clark, Leander, Jr., Residence of 203

Clark, Monument, (The) 333

Clarke, E. Y iii

Class of '91 — Newburgh Academy —

With Instructors loi

Cleveland, O. M 260

Clinton, Gov. George 48

Cochran, Isaac, Residence of 70

Cochrane, James So

Coldwell, Thomas 267

Columbian Hose Co., House of 92

Consumers Gas Company, Works of . . . 282

Corwin, John 212

Court House, (The) 157

Crane, James M., A. M no

Crawford, C. Emmet 307

Crawshaw, Mark 254

Crawshaw, Samuel 254

Cubit, James C 292

Culbert, W. A. M., M. D 87

Cunningham, James 98

Dales Building, (The) 303

Dales, John 303

Delany, Patrick 249

Denniston, Hon. Augustus 211

Deyo, Nathaniel, M. D 87

Dickey, Col. William D 162

Dickey, Col. William D., Residence of. 162

Donoghue, James A 323

Donoghue, Joseph F 323

Donoghue, Timothy, Sr 326

Doughty, Charles H 204

Doughty, John W 112

Downing, Andrew J 196

Downing, Charles 196

Doyle, Hon. Michael 77

Dubois Street — Looking South from

First Street 26

Dudley, Henry 197

Dudley, Henry, Residence of 197

Duncan, H. C, Bakery and Restaurant

of 316

Dunphv, James G 1S3

Eager,'Frank S., Store of 316

Edgar, Grant E 302

Edgar, Grant E., Store of 302

Egan, J., Milk and Cream Depot of 319

"Elf wood" — Residence of Hon. Enoch

L. Fancher 196

Elevator Project, (An) — Near the Foot

of Washington Street 226, 229

Ely, Smith, M. D 89

Emerv, Rev. Rufus 144

" Erie' Railroad Yard," (The) 223

PAGE

Estabrook, Charles 112

Fancher, Hon. Enoch L 195

Ferry & Napier's Hat Factory 285

Findley, Rev. J. G. D 143

Findley, Rev. J. G. D., Residence of.. . 142
Fire Department of Ye Olden Time, (A) 94

First Associate Reformed Church 121

First Baptist Church 130

First Baptist Church Mission '. 130

First Congregational Church 64

First Presbyterian Church 117

First Reformed Presbyterian Church. . . 105

First United Presbyterian Church 142

Fishkill Landing and Ferry Appoint-
ments, 233

Forsyth, Rev. John, D. D ; . . . 116

Fowler, Nehemiah 163

Fowler, Thomas Powell 234

Free Library, (The) 105

Gait, John 204

Gait, John, Residence of 205

Gate of the Highlands, (The) 20

Gearn, Walter W 267

German Evangelical Lutheran Church. 14S

Gerard House, (The) 302

Gibb, Cornelius S 79

Gleason, W. S., M. D 220

Goodale, James H 217

Goodrich, Charles T 216

Gordon, James. M. D 89

Gorrie, R. H. , Store of 320

Gould)^ Francis, Residence of 192

Grace M. E. Church 145

Graham, Hon. James G 160

Graham, James G., Jr 331

Grammar School No. 1 102

Grammar School No. 2 102

Grammar School No. 3 103

Grammar School No. 5 103

Grammar School No. 6 104

Grand Avenue 49

Grand Street — Looking South from

Third Street 27

Granite Citv Soap Co.'s Factorv 281

Hall, Rev. William K., D. D..^ 120

Halstead, Charles H 218

Hamilton, James 212

Harper, J. Abner, Residence of — New

Windsor 55

Harrison, William 107

Harrison, WilHam R 301

Hastings, James loS

Hathaway Glen 50

Havemeyer, A. H., Residence of — New

Windsor 56

Havt, Col. Edward D 219

Headley, Hon. Joel T 193

Henry Avenue — Between Liberty Street

and Bay View Terrace ' 64

Henry, Rev. John C 147

Highland Mills — Front View, (Craw-

shaws') 253

Highland Mills — Rear View, (Craw-

shaws') 253

Highland National Bank 168

Highland Steamer Co., House of 96

Highlands, (The) — Looking North from

West Point 21

Highlands, (The) — From Near Downing

Park 25

Hilton, John 201

Hilton, John, Residence of ... 201

Hilton, William 200

Hirschberg, Hon. M. H 164

Hirschberg, Hon. M. H., Residence of . 164

Home for the Friendless 154

Howell, Rensselaer 115

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Hull, Frank S 182

HuU, Frank S., Residence of 183

Hunter, Ezra 1 203

" Idlewild " — The Home of Willis —

Cornwall 57

Irwin, Daniel 2S4

Irwin, Daniel, Sail Loft and Store of . . . 2S4

Jack, Rev. Alexander 137

Jacobs, Gilbert E 217

Jacobus, Charles C 292

Jenkins, Charles S 17-I.

Jenkins, Charles S., Residence of 175

John Ellison House, (The) — Front View

from the Old Road 31

Johnes, Mrs. E. R., Residence of —

Balraville 56

Johnston, Beverty K 20S

Johnston, Rev. John, D. D 116

Jones, Rev. Arthur 130

Journal Building, (The) 180

June, Charles F 327

Kelly, William H iii

Kerr, George W 172

Kilmer Mfg. Co.'s Rod Mill and Wire

Works 252

Kimball, Samuel G 266

Kimball's Son, S. G., Foundry of 266

Kimball, William G 266

King, Rev. James B 1 50

Kingston, R. J., M. D., Residence of.. . 90
Lander Street — Looking South from

South Street 82

Lawson, Henry B 80

Lawson Hose Co., House of 82

Leech, William K 292

Leonard, Chancey M 98

Leonard, C. M. Steamer Co., House of. 95

Leonard, James J 301

Leslie, S. J., Store of 318

Liberty Street and Courtney Avenue —

Northwest Corner of 64

Liberty Street and Henry Avenue —

Northwest Corner of 64

Liberty Street — Looking North from

Farrington Street 62

Liberty Street — Looking South from

Campbell Street 67

Liberty Street — Looking South from

Farrington Street 59

Liberty Street — Looking South from

Renwick Street 64

Links of the Fort Montgomery Chain. . 31

Logan, James J 288

Logan, James J., Residence of 288

Longacre, Rev. Andrew, D. D 125

Lynch, Francis, Residence and Barns

of — New Windsor 53

McCann, Thomas M 269

McCarrell, Rev. Joseph, D. D 116

McCord's Brush Factory 285

McCartee, Rev. Robert, D. D 135

McCoun, Henry T 66

McCroskery, L. W. Y 166

McCuUough, John W 200

McMeekin, William 219

Mabie, Jeremiah D 209

Macdonald, Benj. J 283

Mailler, William K 293

Mailler, W. O. & Co., Storehouse of 294

Malone, J. D., M. D 89

Manual Training School 104

Manz, Rev. Carl C 149

Map of the Cantonment, and Vicinity. . 32

Mapes, William H 309

Martin, Cyrus B 181

Martin, John H 217

Marvel, Thomas S 247

Marvel, T. S. & Co.'s Shipyard 248

Marvin, Albert D 292

Masonic Hall 330

Matthews, Elmer E 292

Matthews, John W 289

Matthews, J. W. & Co.'s Storehouse ... 289
Matthews, J. W. & Co.'s Storehouse-
Interior Views 290, 291

Merritt, Theodore 307

PAGE.

Merritt, Theodore, Residence of 307

Merritt, Theodore, Store of 30S

Meyer, Arthur M 314

Meyer, Rev. Emil F. C. A 149

Meyer, George S 314

Miller, J. Blackburn 214

Miller, James W 306

Miller, James W., Store of 306

Mills, S. C. Residence of 191

Mitchell, George R., Store of 320

Mitchell, John J., M. D 88

Moffat, Almet S 179

Montfort, R. V. K.,M. D no

Montgomery, James B 301

Montgomery Street — "Hudson Ter-
race " — Looking South from Broad

Street 82

Montgomery Street — Looking North

from near Clinton Street 156

Monell, Hon. John J 159

Moodna, (The) 52

Moore, Bartholomew B 296

Morrison, David A 211

Moscow; Charles E 213

Moshier, George 209

Mount St. Mary's Academy 115

Muchattoes Lake Ice Co.'s Houses 279

Muir, Munson, Residence of — Balmville 54

Myers, Rev. H. V. S., D. D 132

National Bank of Newburgh, (The) .... 171

Newburgh Academy 100

Newburgh Bay — Looking North from

Washington Heights 17

Newburgh Bleachery 249

Newburgh City, 1891, Map of, folded in front,
Newburgh — From Fishkill Landing. . .18, 19
Newburgh — From the River near Fifth

Street 23

Newburgh — From the River opposite

the Long Dock 224

Newburgh — From the River near Third

Street 24

Newburgh — From the River near South

Street 22

Newburgh Moulding and Planing Mill

— Thomas Shaw's Sons 254

Newburgh Plaster Works 251

Newburgh Savings Bank 173

Newburgh Steam Boiler Works 246

Newburgh Steam Mills 265

Newburgh Woolen Mills 285

New York Furniture Co., Store of 308

New York, Lake Erie & Western Rail-
road Depot 221

Odell, Hon. Benjamin B 280

Odell, Hon. Benjamin B., Residence of . 2S0

Odell, Benjamin B., Jr 281

Odell, Hiram B 281

Old Academy, (The) 106

Old Fashioned Hand Engine, (.A.n) 94

Old Union Church 135

Old LTnion Church, Interior of 135

Orange County Fair, Sept., 1SS7 — The

Site of Washington Heights 163

Orr, James 278

Orr, James, Residence of, Balmville . . . 279

Osbon, Rev. E. S 139

Osborn, David A 310

Owen, Samuel J 311

Owen, Samuel J., Store of 311

Patton, James 199

Peck, Elias, M. D 86

Peck, George, Store of 316

Peck & Van Dalfsen's Store 312

Penny, Very Rev. William L., V. F 134

Pennsylvania Coal Company's Works.. 225

Plurasted, Charles 301

Post, Alfred 167

Post, E. R 297

Post, E. R. , Residence of 297

Post, E. R. , Store of 297

Post, Major James Clarence 206

Potts, Rev. Arthur 148

Powers, D. & Sons, Oil Cloth Factory. . 285
"Pubhc Building, (The)"— Copy from
the Tarbell Drawings ". 36

PAGE.

Quassaick National Bank 179

Railroad and Water Communication
with Newburgh, N. Y. (Map of) 240, 241

Ramsdell, Homer 227

Rarasdell, Homer, Residence of 230

Ramsdell, H. Stockbridge, Residence of 231
Recollections of Old Times — Holding a

Hydrant Until the Boys Arrive. ... 93

Remillard, A. B. E 210

Richardson, Nathan H 203

Ritchie, Samuel i8i

Ritchie, Samuel, Residence of 182

Ringgold Hose Co., House of 92

Ross's Flour Mills 285

Rudolph, Henry 81

Ruttenber, Edward M 184

Ruttenber, J. W. F 183

Sanford, George A 152

Sarvis, James H 91

Savage, Rev. F. B., D. D 137

Sa.Kony Woolen Jlills 285

Sayer, Samuel 301

Schermerhorn, Wilmer W 301

Schoonmaker, John, Residence of 295

Schoonmaker & Weller's Store 294

Schram, William 184

Schultz, John L 218

Seaman, George W., Store of 318

Searle, Rev. Jeremiah 141

Senior, Augustus, Store of 312

Shaw, Charles B 255

Shaw, E. Kane 256

Shaw, George W 256

Shaw, Geo. W., E. Kane and Chas. B.,

Residences of 257

Sheldon, G. H., Residence of 142

Shiloh Baptist Church 138

Shipp, Samuel E 310

Shuart & Embler's Store 319

Siglar, Henry W. , A. M 114

Siglar's Preparatory School 114

Smith A. C. & Co.'s Building 312

Smith, Edwin T 81

Smith, Lewis M 242

Smith, Lewis M., Residence of 242

Sneed, Joseph A 108

Snyder, Charles E., LL. B in

South End Water Front— Before the
West Shore Railroad was Built. . . .60-61

Sprole, Rev. William T., D. D iiS

St. Luke's Home and Hospital 154

St. Mary's Roman Cathohc Church. ... 146
St. George's Protestant Episcopal Church 126

St. John, Daniel B 174

St. John, Daniel B., Residence of 174

St. John's M. E. Church 138

St. Patrick's Female Academy 133

St. Patrick's Parochial School'and Insti-
tute 176

St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church

and Deanery 133

St. Paul's Church as Originally Designed 144
St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church. 144

Starting for a Fire 93

Steamer Newburgh 233

Sterling, Hon. Robert 78

Stevens, Halsey R 198

Stocker, Edward 289

Storehouse of the Homer Ramsdell
Transportation Company, & Steam-
er " Homer Ramsdell" 232

Straw, Dr. L. S 206

Straw, Dr. L. S., Residence ot 207

Sweet, Clayton E 278

Sweet, Clayton E., Residence of 278

Sweet, Orr & Co.'s Factory 271-277

Taggart William G 185

Taylor, Hon. Grant B 165

Temple Beth Jacob 143

Templeton, James F 80

Theall, William L 207

Thompson, Rev. DeWitt B 145

Thompson, Rev. J. R 140

Thompson, Rt. Rev. Joseph P 129

Thornton, Hon. Howard 166

Tole, Rev. Wilham H 220

LLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE.

Tower of Victory 48

Townseud Building 188

Traphagen, William D 219

Trinity JI. E. Church and Parsonage.. . 124

Tucker, John F 179

Turner, Shipp & Osborn, Offices of ... . 310

Union (Presbyterian) Church 136

XJzal Knapp's Jlonuraent 33

Vale of Avoca 51

Valentine, John H 109

Van Cleft, Joseph 208

Verplanck House at Fishkill(The), Steu-
ben's Headquarters 33

Walsh, E. A., Residence of 190

Walsh, J. DeWitt 210

Walsh Paper Mill 285

Wands, William S 109

Ward & Logan's Store 286

Ward, Hon. Peter 287

Ward, Hon. Peter, Residence of 287

Waring, Cornelius L 165

Waring, Daniel S 79

Washington Baking Powder Co., Fac-
tory of 315

Washington's Chair 44

Washburn, Crosby Co.'s Eastern Store-
house for Flour at Fishkill (Stephen

M. Bull, Agent) 300

Washington, George 28

Washington's Headquarters — A Boot of

one of Riedesei's Dragoons at 47

Washington's Headquarters — A Case of

Clothing, Books, &c., at 42

Washington's Headquarters — A Case of

Indian Relics at 42

Washington's Headquarters — A Case of

Indian War Implements at 43

PAGE.

Washington's Headquarters — A Case of

Miscellaneous Relics at 41

Washington's Headquarters — Diagram

of First Floor 34

Washington's Headquarters — From the

Northwest 30

Washington's Headquarters — From the

Southwest 37

Washington's Headquarters — Room

With Seven Doors and one Window 34
Washington's Headquarters — Some In-
teresting Trophies at 40

Washington's Headquarters — The Old

Fireplace 35

Washington's Headquarters — Thirty-
two-pound Iron Gun at 41

Washington's Headquarters — West En-
trance 35

Washington Lake 84

Washington, Martha 38

Washington's, Martha, Watch 44

Washington Steamer Co. , House of ... . 96
Water Street— Looking North from

" The Square" 58

Water Street — Looking South from

Fifth Street 71

Weed, Jonathan N 170

Weller, A. Y . , Residence of 295

Weller, George 210

Wenzel. George C 268

Westervelt , John L 107

Westminster Reformed Presbyterian

Church 140

Weston, Wilbur H 214

West Shore Railroad Depot 222

Wevgant, Col. Charles H 66

Wh'itaker, Samuel 315

PACE

Whitaker, Samuel, Factory and Resi-
dence of 315

Whitehill & Cleveland's Factory 258-260

Whitehill Engine and Pictet Ice

Machine Company's Works 235

Whitehill Engine and Pictet Ice
Machine Company's Works — Main

Floor 236

Whitehill, Robert 237

Whitehill, Robert, Residence of 238

Wiggins, L. Y., M. D 88

Wilkinson, John G., Store of 314

Willard, Francis A 178

Williams, Charles E., Residence of .... 189

Willis, N. P 57

Wilson, Arthur i6g

Wilson, Arthur, Residence of 169

Wilson, Jonathan D 214

Wilson, Tilden H 213

Wright Engine Works 245

Wright, William 243

Wright, William, Residence of 244

" Woodburn Hall "—The Christopher B.

Miller Homestead 215

Woodlawn Cemetery 333

Women's Christian Temperance Union

Free Reading Room 155

Woolley, Charles N. . M. D 108

Young Men's Christian Association

Building 152

Young Women's Christian Association

Building 153

Young Women's Christian Association

— Fair of, 1890 153

Young Women's Christian Temperance

Union Parlor 156

^.^^*2k^§!^^

The Paper in this Book was furnished by the
HUDSON VALLEY PAPER CO., ALBANY, N. Y.

■ ^""^+[^^~er

PERSONAL INDEX.it.

Abbott, Rev. W. H

Abbott. Rev. William P..
Abrams, Capt. James C. . .
Abrams. M

Adams. Bernard T 329

Adams & Bishop Co 285

Adams, Ebenezer 1[}1, 328

Adams, George B 3(B. :»4. as, 918

Adams, John 141!

Adams, Hon. John C.43. 47. 74. 75. 70. 1(59. 176.
181, 185, 189, 191, 3.S2. 2S;5. 3.M. 32S. 329

Adams, President John 160

Adams, Rev. John Q 130

Adee, William 94

Ajon, Stephen 128

Akerly, Mary 155

Albertson, Joseph 22

Albertson, Richard 19, 22

Alexander, Duncan 22

Alexander, James 256

Alexander, James A 136

Alexander, Prince of the Netherlands. 327

Alexander, Rhoda B 256

Alexander, William 22

Allan, CharlesF., D. D.S 144, 190

Allan, Mrs. C. F 154

AUard, Nahum W 7ti, 84

Allen, 328

Allen, Ethan 41

Allen, Jeremiah 39

Allen, Rev. Sturges 150

Allison, Major Richard 45

Allstroon, Capt. J. V 45

Alsdorf. Charles B

Alsdorf, Mrs. D. B

Alsdorf, Prof. D. B

Alsdorf, Egbert

Alsdorf & Skidmore

Alsdorf, triysses J

Alsop, John

Alsop, John, jr

, Prof

, Peter

Amerod, Capt. G. C

Derrick

, Capt. James

Anderson, John

Anderson, Romer & Co

Anderson, R. W

Anderson, S

Andrews, Frederick

Andrews, Harriet Bronson . . .
Andrews, Josephine Jerome .

Anne, Queen

Anthony, Walter C IJ

Applegate, Rev. Octavius, M. .
44, 126, 137, 149, 150

Applegate, Mrs. O

Applegate, Rev. O., Jr

Applegate, Rev. L. W

Applegate, Rev. Thomas

Appleton, Capt. Daniel

Appleton, Miss E. J

Armour & Co

Armstrong Brothers

Armstrong, Major John

Armstrong, Rev. Robert, D. D

Ai-thur, Capt. Edward G

Ash, Lewis

Ashley, Stephen B

AtweU, Mrs. S.V

Austin, Col. David E

Austin, Nelson

Authouse, Frances O

Avery, G. A

128

Ayres, Rev. G. S

Bacon, Capt. Francis W

Bailey, Rear Admiral

Bailey, Dr. Roland

Baird, John

Balrd, Rev. James, D. D

Ball, Henry

Baldwin, John

Balfe, Mary A. (Weutz)

Balfe. Thomas F

Bancroft. Robert C

Banks, Fred W

Banks, Hugh S 76, 105, !

Banks, Rosllia H. (Bailey)...

Barr, Rev. R. H., Ph. D

Barry, Michael

Barker, Fordyce, M. D

Baker, Hon. O. D. M

Baker, William

Barber, Col. Francis

Barber, George

Barclay, David

Barclay, David H

Barclay, Dr. Peter M

Barnard, George G

Barnard, Justice

Bate, David W

Bate & McKissock

Bates, Egbert R

Barton, Charles

Barton, Emma M

Barton, Henry A

Bartlett, Bradbury C

Bartlett, T. & Son

Bartlett, William E

Bartrum, Charles W

Barnes, Andrew

Barnes, Anna

Barnes, Arthur

Barnes, Edgar C 1:», i

Barnes, George

Barnes, James W

Barnes & Mapes,

Barnes, Minnie

Barnes, Warren O

Baughan, Robert

Baumgardner, Henry

Bazzoni, Charles L

Bazzoni, Frank W

Bazzoni, James C

Bazzoni, Lewis J

Bayard, Hon. Thomas F

Beach,

Beach&Balley

Beach, Dr

Beach, Hon. Lewis

Beard, Captain Samuel

Beattie, Alexander

Beattle, I. O

Beattie. Lewis

Beattle, Rev. Robert H.. D. D. .

Beattie, Rev. Robert H

Beatty, Alexander W

Beatty, Elizabeth (Moore)

Beatty, JohnF

Beck, Lieut. Col. B

Beckman, Horatio B, . . . 75, 76,

Bedell, Alonzo

Bedell & Seymour

Bedford, Lyman O

Beebe, Hon. George M

Beede, N. B

Beede, William H

Beggs, George 175. 17

Beggs, Isabella

Beggs, Joseph

Beggs & Moore

Beggs, W. N

Belknap, Aaron

Belknap, Abel

Belknap, Abel W...
Belknap, Abraham.
Belknap, A. & M. H.
Belknap. Captain..
Betenap & Clinton . .
Belknap, Evelina (Di

Belknap, Isaac

Belknap, Isaac, Jr...

knap, Moses C. .75, 88, 105. 106. 1
168, 181, 189, 269, 270.

Belknap, Mrs. M. C

Belknap, Moses H

Belknap, Marietta (McCamly

Belknap. & McCann

Belknap, Mary H. (MalUer). .

Belknap, Nat

Belknap, Ruth (Cook)

Belknap, Samuel

Belknap, Ward

Belknap, William C

Bell, Captain H. H

Bell, Rear Admiral Henry H.

Bellows, Rev. Dr. H. W

Bend, Henry

Benedict, James W

Bennett, James Gordon

Bennett, Hiram

Bennett, Samuel

Bensel, A. A

Berry, Joseph H

Berry, William H

Bethune, George W., D. D. . . .

Betts, Samuel R

Beveredge, John

Beveredge, J. & Co

Beverldge Brewery

Beveridge Brewing Co

Beverldge, James B

Beveridge, Thomas

Beveridge, T. & Co

Biddle, Colonel

Bigler, Harriet E. (Smith). . . .
BIgler, James.. 74. 85. 154, 171, :

Bigler, Mary W. (Magee)

Bingham, Thomas

Birch, James G., M. D

Bird, Capt. Edward O

Birdsall, Daniel

Bir kins. Rev. H. R

Bishop, Rev. Edward

Bishop, Rev. George S

Bishop, Rev. William H

Blackman, — —

Blackman, Mrs. L. H

Blansjan, Mattys

Blansjan, Mattys, sr

Blalsdell, John

Bloomer, Tut

Bodine, Lawrence i

Bodine, Polly

Bogardus, Cornelius
Bogardus, Edward :
Bogart, Joseph N.. .,
Bogart. William. ..

Boggs, W

Boice, Daniel

Bols, Abraham du..

Bois, Isaac du

Bpls, Louis du

Boland&Delany,...

Bond, Joseph W

Booth, Edith

Booth, Thomas H

Bookstaver, Ophelia

Borst, Elman H., M. D

Bostwlck. Lieut.-Col. Charles 1

Bosworth, Rev. Richard H

Boss. Rev. Nelson R

Bourn, Hon. Augustus O

Bouton, Rev. w. S

Bower, Abram

Bower, Rev. E. K

Bowne, J. T

Boyd,

Boyd, Francis

Boyd, James

Boyd, John A

Boyd, John W

Boynton, Mary J. (Hubbard).
Boynton, Sophia (Cabot). . . .

Boynton, Thomas

Bowman, Phineas

Bradenburgh, Jacob

Bradley, Captain Ambrose S

Bradley, Bishop

Bradley, Emma (Turner). . . .

Bradley, George W

Bradley* Irvln

Bradley, Thomas W

Bremer, Frederika

Brennan, Patrick

Brewster, Anna (Brown). . . ,

Brewster, Deacon

Brewster, Eugene A.. 69, 76,
160, 161, 166, 171, 1?2

Brewster, Eugene A., jr

Brewster, Hiram S

Brewster, Juliet

Brewster, Samuel

Brewster Timothy

Brett, Walter

Brett, Walter & Co

Brlady, Rev. Edward S

Bridge,

Bridgeman, Alfred

Brill, Jacobs

Brink, Hiram

Brlnkman, William H

Broadhead, Rev. Dr. . . . ."

Brodhead, Col. Charles C...

Broglie, Prince de

Brokaw Manufacturing Co.. .
Brokaw. William B.119, 152, 1

264, 293
Brokaw, William H

Hon. CharlesF.. 159, 168, 166, 181, 1

Brown Charles G. .
Brown, Charles L. .
Brown. Charles L.. ,
Brown, Rev. C.S...

Brown, E. A

Brown, Eleanor F.

Brown. Eliza

Brown. Frances. ..

PERSONAL INDEX

PAGE.

BrowD, Isaac 23

Brown. Jacob 74, 105

Brown. James P 102

Brown, James S 241

Brown, John 120

Brown, John 142

Brown, John 194

Brown, Rev. John. D. D..56, 100. ICB, 126, 116,

lis, la, 123. 123. 143. 144. IM. 161, l?i321,

331.335

Brown, JohnH., A. B 112

Brown. JohnHobart 127

Brown, Col. J. W 55

Brown, Hon. John W. ...15S, 161. irs. lifi. 2.52

Brown. Henr.v Klrke 193. 194

Brown. Mrs. H. K 195

Brown. Leauder 76

Brown Lime Co 191

Brown, Ludlow 127

Brown. L.vdia Louisa (Udall) 194

Brown 4 McMeefcln 97

Brown. Marj- Alice (Townscnd) 186

Brown, Pauline 101

Brown, Robert 143

Brown, Thomas 22

Brown, Walter 255,324,325,335

Brown, William VM, 13T

Brown, William C 220

Brown, WilUam H 178

Brown, William N 121

Brown, William R. .61, 74, 76, 159, Iffi. 186. 252.

328
Bruce. Wallace 45 47

Brundam H D 125

Brundagi J B B "92

Bryant, Wlllnm Cullen 1 .9 160 I'M

Buchanan James S 98

Buchanan Norman B 97

Buchner r 326

Bucklni,h nn Beujimln F 97 S21

Bucklnuh irn Kkhard 26

Buck. C 11 t ^ J 43

Buck. Ri ^ D 139

Buck. Du 11« ^ 47

Buckmistcr Clarence W 101

Buckmastir Re^ JohnW 149

Buehlel Pe\ W R 148

Buhk-r, C l-irime F 44

Bull. Enill% ( rate 301

Bull, Johu sprinRstcad 2<w 301

Bull, Sleiihen M IM 191 25a 298 2<I9 300

Camcnm. William F..74.75. 76, I

Campbell,

Campbell, Anna E

Campbell, J

Campbell. Dr. John

Campbell. John C

Campbell. John J

Campbell. Samuel F

Candee, Lieut. Wlllard L

Cantiue. Abraham

Cantine, Christina

C.intinc. Christina (Hoesi

Cautlm-, Hanuah(H.ios)

Cantine, CSeneral John

Cantine, Marion J. (Co..k i

Cantine, Moses

Cantine, Moses I

Cantine. Peter

Cantlin. J. A

Capron, Seth M

Carey, Lucius

Carlisle, Rev. ,I,,|in \V. K

Carhsle. Letitiii (Crait;!

Carlisle, Lizzie

Carlisle, Margaret M. (Fenton). .

Cai«isle, Rev. Samuel 43, 44,

Carlisle, Rev. Samuel, Sr

Carlisle, Mrs. Samuel

Carlotta

Caruahan, R. B

Carnochan, Dr. J. Murray

Carpenter, Benjamin 27,

Carpenter, B. & Co

Carpenter, Gilbert

Carpenter, I. R

Carpenter, Jacob and Leonard .

Carpenter, John

Carpenter, Leonard

Carpenter, Lewis

Carpenter, Lieut

nnv

,Wllliim

52 53,298 306

ion Ri^ Peter D

142

|-;Lir,,ll. I:, X .1 ll;il>.

tcd.D.D

is. Lffli (Decker)

212

(JarruthiTs. David..

ls,( .pt W A

203 22

Carskaden. John . . .

212

139

ch. R^^ B H

■ Carson, William W.

..74.84,86, 146. 154,

den V < o

219

214

«an H V

Carter. Charles

Burgoyne (.eneral
Burhans Lewis
Burke, Thomas H
Burke, W llliam F
Burling Nathaniel
Burling Walter
Burnet, Re\ Eleazer
Burnet, Oo\ William
Btimett Mrb James S
Burnett Robert

Bums,

Bums, Rattle
Bums, John
Burt.C

Burt, Hon Orlnnell
Burt. J
Burton Mrs
Bush. Edwanl V
Bush, John
Butler, J W
Butler, N S ft Co
Butler, Re\ \Mlllam
Cabot, Francis
Cabot, Mary D« iRht
Caldwill Charles
Caldwdl Mrs Charles
Caldwill E O
Caldw( II Henry
Caldwill Ira
Caldwill William
Callahan Lieut C E
Callahan William H
Calycr, Ollliirl
Camack Robert

Carter, Edmund 150

Carter, Ellen 313

Carter, Enoch.. 155, 159, 161, 198, 199, 311, 323,

334.334

Carter, Ere 2.50

Carter, Henry 191, 313

Carter, Henry Francis 313

Carter, James 313

Carter, Jane (Linderman) 198

Carter, Jonathan 94, 198

Carter, Lewis 125

Carter, Mary 313

Carter, R. P 47

Carver, George B 140, 152

Carver, H. H 125

Case, Admiral 182

Case, A. Ludlow 182

Case, Capt. C. A 45

Case, Daniel 319

Case & Kldd 319

Case, Robert L 105, 147, 172

Case, Walter 158

Casey, Capt. William C 45

Cass. General Lewis wg

Casscdy, Hon. Abram S. . .61, 68, 69, 70, 74, 75,

76, 106, 119. 160. 161, 162, 168, 16.5. 166. 167,

ITO, 181

Cassedy, Archibald, Sr 162

Cassedy, Archibald, Jr 162

Cassedy, A. S. & W. F 160. 163, 16T

Cassedy & Brown 163, 166, 167

Casscdy, Frank H 160, 163

Cassedy, Lydla (Ourneo) 162

Casitedy, Margaret J. (Drake) 16S

Casscdy, William F 160, IG), 16«, 167

PAGE.

Cassedy, Mrs. William F 167

Casterllne, Joseph 181

Casterllne, Joseph, Jr 185

Cavan, Mr 213

Caviin, David T 133

Cavanaugh, Ella F 292

Cavanaugh, Garrett 292

Cathcart, James 121

Cauldwell. Alexander 74, 76. 95, 245, 247

Chadborn & Coldwell 237

Chadborn, Coldwell & Co 238,211,268

Chadbom & Coldwell Mfg. Co 63, 81, 191.

218. 238, 239, 2J1, 242, 255, 268, 288

Chadborn, George L 75, 238, 268

Chadwlck, James 126, 172, 191, 249, 250

Chadwick, Joseph 173, 191, 249. 250. Kl

Chadwlck, Thomas M 349

Chalmers, Rev. Dr 136

Chambers, ?2:!

Chambers, Albert

191,34:

Chambers, Jaue (McCcj

Chambers, Johu

Chambers, Sanmel

Chambers. William. . .
Chambers, William C.

Chamller, A. K

Chandler. Gcc.rgf H...
Chandler. Hon. Willia
ChanuiiiL-, Riv. Willia
Chapman. >!!>.. Al-'.xai

Chapman. Ilenri.-tta. .
Chapmau. Isaac- C — 7

, 172, 173, ISl, 1S9.

Chapman. Jolm H

306

Chapman. Louise

260

Chapman, Lydia W. (Sanxay).

Chapman. Paddock

305

Ohapman. Ralph

305

Chapman. William L

169

Cliasf. (apt. JamesT

....46,9

331

Chasti-llux. Marquis de

ChatfleUl, Jacob

132

Chatterton, Charles L

.141

152

160

Chatties, Dr

Chetwood, Rev. Hobart

144

Chew, Rev. John Marshall

150

Chrystle, Rev. Dr. James

121

139

Chry.stie. Thomas

322

Church, Sanmel P., M. D

..sr

ISl

Church,F.S

31 1

Crawford, C.F.nii, 1,1

Claflin, H. B. ,t < M

Clapp, George M

i, 1

, -'1

Clark, Abram

Clark, Augusta (Rogursi

Clark, B. Franklin

.14.

.IMS

Clark. Chester

1S3

Clark. EdsouH 74,3ir

265

366

Clark, Col. Emmons

Clark. Hon. George. .61. 74, 77, 78, 84

105,

107,

165, 3.35

Clark, George H 76,78,165

Clark, James 122

Clark &KlmbaU 202.265

Clark. Leander 75.206

Clark. Leander, Jr 84, 170, 202, 203

Clark, Lewis 26

Clark. Lucas 206

Clark, Mary 77

Clark, Mary J. (OIney) 206

Clark, Captain Oliver H 224

Clark, Phila 206

Clark, Robert Sterling 78

Clark, Ruth Ann (Clark) 202

Clark, Ruth Ann 2<H

Clark, Samuel 23

Clark, William 77,325

Clarke, E.Y 111,121

Clarke, James Freeman 160

Clarke, Captain Nathaniel Ill

Clarke, Rev. W. E 139

Clarkson, David H 143,144,234,328

Clarkson, Maud 234

Clay, 113

Clay, Henry T!, 160, ITS

Gilbert N 94

PAGE.

Clements. John A 174

Cleveland, Hon. Grover 45, 178, 283

Cleveland, Dr. J. A 306

Cleveland, Ordine M 136, 191, 257, 260

Cliff, Benjamin 75,76,150

Cline, Benjamin 46

Clinton, Bishop 128

Clinton, Charles 26,53

Clinton, Hon. De Witt 51, 53, 87, 159, 194

Clinton, Governor 31,42,280

Clinton, Hon. George 48

Clinton, (Seorge 5.3, 158

Clinton, Gteneral George 195

Clinton, Gov. George 210

CUnton, General James 51, 53, ST, 159

Clinton, JamesG 159

Clinton, General James G 321

Clinton. Sir Henry 30, 53

Clock, Sarah A., M. D < 86

Close. Rev. John 117

Clouser. John F 262

Cl.vde. General Samuel 166

Cobb. Captain 322

Cochran, Isaac 70,123.140

Cochrane, Alderman
Cochrane, Martha (Hewitt).

Cochrane, William H

Coffin, Caleb

CoflSn, Fannie M

Colbert,

Golden, Alex

Colden, Alexander

CoMen, Cadn-alladf-r

James 68,75,80, 191

Cold I'

valiad

Cokk-u.CrissytGrlfflthl.

Colden. Governor

Colden. Lieut. Gov

Colden. Maria

Coldwell Lawn Mower C

Cole, Joseph 125, 128, 139

Cole, Morgan 25, 135

Coleman, Bev. L N 134

Coleman, John 76, 94

Coleman, Joseph 117

Coleman, W.T 139

Coles, Dennis 177

Colfax, WllUam 34

Collard, Noah 74, 75

Collins, 323

Collins, Capt. Wm. L 46

Colt, Colonel 296

romli=, coneral Leslie 159

i-,,Tni,.rt. Rev.L.L 211

, Dr. Stephen £

Cnukliu,

Cnukling,

Coukling, Senator Hoscoe

Council, J

Connelly, Rev. H

Conner, David

Connlck, Rev. Patrick

Connolly, Bishop

Connor, Captain Augustus W. .

Ctonyngham, John

Cook,

Cook, Dr

Cook, Rev. D 123

Cook, A. M 191

Cook, J. Hervey 44

Cook. Levis Co 278

Cook. General Solon H 216

Cooke, S29

Cooper, Rear Admiral G, H 45

Cooper, Joseph 150

Cooper, T. H., M. D 217

Copeland, Anna E. (Clark) 77

Corcoran, Capt. G. W 46

Corey, Rev. o. H 139

Corklns, Michael 98

Coriey, Charles G 136

Corliss, Mr 214

Corliss & Nightingale SUt

Corliss, Nightingale & Co 214

Cornell, Hon. AlonzoB 181

PERSONAL INDEX

Cornell. Henry

Cornell, J. B

Cornell. W. W

Corning, Erastus

Cornish. Joseph

Cormvallis,

Cornwell. Rev. Dr

Cornwell.

Cornwall. George

Cornwell. (George) & Sou

Cornwell. Henr.v.

Corrigan. Mt, Rev, Jl. A., D. 1

Corwiu, Daniel

Corwin, Echvaril P

Corwin, Frank R

Corwiu, HalseyS Co

Corwiu, Isaac L

Corwin, John 74. T.i, 7(i. l

Corwiu, .lolin H !.

Corwin, Matthias

Corwin, Stanton & Co

Courtland, Col

Courtney, Capt. William H. .

Coulter. John

Coutant. Mrs. Albert

Coutant, Daniel J

Coutant, W. A

Cowdrey. John

Cowling. David

Cowling. Mary L

Coyle, Rev. Denis

Crabb, Capt. G. W

. Craft, F. W

Craig, James

Crane, James M., A. M f

Crane, Joslah

Crane, Josiah, 3d

Crane. Stephen

Crary. Rev. B. F

Crawtoril. c. Emmet

Crawford. David

Crawford. David & Co 2

Crawford, F. & D. & Co

Crawford. Francis

Crawford, Francis & David.

Crawford & Harris

Crawford, James

Crawford, James B

Crawford . James I

Crawford. James W

Crawford. John

Crawford. Rev. M. D'C. D. D. .

Crawford, Mailler & Co

Crawford, O. Clark

Crawshaw, Elizabeth Prance. .

Crawshaw, George

Crawshaw's. George, Sons

Crawshaw, Mark

Crawshaw, Samuel

Crawshaw, Thomas

Crawshaw, William

Creagh,

Creveling. Rev. P. c

Crilly, James

Crlspel. Anthoine

Crissey. Gilbert R

Crist, Estelle

Croly, David G ,.

Cromwell

Cromwell, Major

Crook. James H., Jr

Crosby, Rev. Dr. Howard

Crosby, S. L

Crowell, Rev. J. M

Cruger, Colonel S. V. R

Cruicksliank. Rev. William

Cubit. Ja sc '■'■

Culbert. H.iirietta(P,,wc-lI) V

Culbert. John .'.''

Culbert. Fiauiis Ra]iisdeli
Culbert. William A. .M..,M. Ii. >
Culbert. Mrs. Williaui a. .M.

Cullen. Judge EdKarM

Cumniiugs. Lieut. Col

Cummins. Bishop George Davii

Cunningham, James

Currie, John

Currie. Margaret A

Curry, John [[[

Curtice Brothers

Curtin, Hon. A. G ' .

Curtis, '""

Curtis, George William

Cushing, William J

8 Cushman, Charles U. ...169. 173, 177. 1S4. 3

8 Custis. Martha .

^ Cutlibutsou, Rev i:

I Daggett. John j,

i Dales. Rev. J. B r

i Dales. John (31. 141. 170, 214, ;?(i:i, 3;

1 Dales, (John) l4 Co ! l<

) Dales. John & Co 3(

r Dales, Mrs 3(

! Daiton, 3;:

i Dal.v, Archibald .92

) Darby, Andrew i(

Darragh. John J 9

1 Dauphin of France 3ii. 3

Davenport. Rev. John 8

Davids, George W 17

Davi.s. Oliver 18

Da«-.T '..'.'.[ 32

Day. Rev. Alfred 12

Day. Rev. J. R.. D. D 12

Dayton. Col 3

Dean, Judge 20

Decker, 32;

Decker, Alonzo 14;

Decker, Charles N st

Decker, Frederick 4;

Decker, Jacob P 21:

Decker, James T i5(

Decker, John 32=

Decker, Rev. William H 123, 12(

De Forest, D. R 26i

De Forest, Captain Ezra 4=

De Forest, La Tour & Bazzoni 265

De Grandval, L uj

Degrove, Adolph ; 117

DeHart, Captain W. H 45

De Lancy. John 97. 301

Delano. Warren '14c

De La Salle 134

Delany. P. & Co 85. 191. 245. 247

Delany, John 247, 248 249

Delany. Patrick 75, 245^ 24(i! 247

Denuiston, Hon. Augustus 167. 311

Denniston. David .' 'm

Denniston. Rev. James Otis 148

Denuiston. Hon. Robert 211

Denning. William H 322

»™t. 317

Denton. James 33

Denton. Jonas 32

Denton. R. B 178

Denton. Samuel 22

Depuy. Thomas R [ 91

Dermott, Michael 22

Devereux, President 234

Devine,T. F [[]['_ gjg

Devyr, 328

DeWlut, John Peter 145, Kid, 197

DeWint, Peter '145

Dewitt, Andrus 133

DeWitt, Cornelius 94

DeWltt, John ' ' 21O

DeWitt, Simeon ...3.3."s7

DeWitt, Rev. Thomas. D. D .131. 137

DeWordt, Ivan ,326

Dexter, W. H ' ^ ' 324

Deyo, Christian 215

Deyo, Clarence W [[[ ii2

Deyo, Cornelia Bruyn (DuBois) 87 88

Deyo, Dr. Daniel N ' g-,

Deyo. Hattle C. (Estabrook) .... 112

Deyo. John. M. D 45,86,88

Deyo, Mrs. John 153

Deyo. Jonathan D ^ ^ ^ g;

Deyo, Mary Hardenbergh (De Witt) .... 87
Deyo, Nathaniel, M. D. .86, 87, 88, 161, 169, 321

Deyo, Nathaniel DuBois 88

Deyo, Robert E [' gg

Deyo, Van Zandt gS

Dick, Rev. Dr ....123 136

Dickey, Annie L ' jca

Dickey, Frank R [] 1^2

Dickey, Henrietta E 162

Dickey, James 75

Dickey, Hon. Joseph M. .44, 45, 65, 74, 85, 162,

Dickson, James R .

Dickson. W

Dillon.

Dillon. Glide & Co .
Dimmick. Samuel 1
Dix. Gov. John A. .
Dixon. Charles A . .
Dixon. Rev. Felix .

Dobbin. Tiionias

Doblin. Robert

Dodge, Levi

Dogan, Cliristlan...

Dogan, Pierre

Doherty, William..

Donahue, .Alichael.

Donnelly, James

Donoghue, James A

Douoghue, Joseph F

Donoghue, Timothy

Donoghue, Thnothy. Jr

Donveur, Louis

Doremus. Dr. Ogden

Dornin. William C

Doty. William H

Dotzert. J. H

Dotzert, Jolin

Dougherty, Dr

Dougherty, James J

Doughty, Charles H

Doughty, Harriet M. (Hale) .
Doughty, Prof. John W., M. ,
2(M

Doughty. Mary H

Doughty, Mary T. (DuBois) .

Doughty, Sarah

Doughty, Wesley H

Doughty, William B

Doughty, William H

Doutuey,

Dow, Susan C

6, 11)5, 280

Dunphy, Jennie

, ■

329

Duuphy, Mary

183

3*1

Dupreze, Captain

297

Durfee, Holder B

160

Durgin. H. W

2S3

195

Durkin.M.S

237

Duryea, Rev. Joseph T.. D. D 137

146

Dwight. Prof. Theodore

D 23J

9, 105, 135

Eager, Frank S

.,(,;

143

Eager, Samuel W

■)S lOT 17' 1S5 316

171

Earl& Wilson

Eastep, Rev. R. T

128

Eaton. Anna

323

Eaton, David

121

Eaton, Governor

Eaton, James

151

Eckerson, Clarence H...

101

Edgar, Grant E

74,106,301,303

.323, 326

Edgar. Mrs. Grant E

154

..<!23, 326

Edgar, Grant E.. Jr

302, 303

, 325, 328

Edgar. John

301, 302

326

Edgar. Margaret

302

101

Edmonds, Samuel

235

Edwards,

Edwards, Thomas

329

.... 101

Egan. J

319

.... 69

Eldrldge, Judge E. L

...74,75

Elliott, Miss

156

.... 109

Ellis. Colonel

67,211

.... 155

EUisou. John

30,33,52,53

.86, 204

Ellison, Thomas

30,33

.... 112

Ellison, CoL Thomas

112, m,

Elting, Capt. E. R

Ely, Augusta (Brown). . . .

127

.... 113

Ely, Eliza (Coleman)

.... 113

Ely, Gertrude (Hardy). . . .

.'..'''. S9

.... 313

Ely.Moses

89, 127

.... 113

Ely, Smith. M. D

....86,89. 105, 167

.... 191

Ely. Mrs. Smith

154

.... 113

Embler, Charles J

75,105

.... 268

Embler. Frank H

130,319

76, 146,

Die

162

Dickf

. I^ati- \V. (RJL-hmoud) 162

• "'illi:>'" 161,220

Dickey, Col. William D. .43, 45, 65, 76, 97, 160,
161, 162

Dickson, Agnes R., M. D 86

Downing, Andrew J 69, 161

), 163, 196, 197

Embler. Joseph s " ' '^ '^ '"

Downing, Charles. . .154, 196, 19

, 203, 203, 335

Emery. Abigail (l'n.,r,.ttj

Downing, Mrs. Charles

151

Downing, C.& A.J

196

Emery. Braiuer.l l>re.sLott

.j_

Downing, Caroline E. (DeWint

1 icu

Emery. Capt. Flavlus

Downing, Eunice

Emery. John. .Sr

j„

Downing, George W

196

Emery. Moody

Downing, Mary (Wait)

Em-ery. Rev. Rufus

.144, 149, 130

Downing, Samuel

196

Ericsson. John

Doyle, Frank

Ernest, John, Jr

Doyle, Fred

Esmond, Darwin W

160,189

Doyle, James C

Esmond&Ward

160

Doyle, J. Farnam

Estabrook, Charles... 105, 111. 112. 129.145. i.ni

Doyle, Mary (Mclntyre)

Estabrook, Frank E

"II III) 113

Doyle, Hon. Michael. .75, 76, 77,

79, 84, 86, 126,

Estabrook, Lillie

10) \li

172, 191

Estabrook, Susan E. (Marshall)

112

Doyle, T. F

324

Ettrick

Do.vle, William

74,75

Evans, Rev. Israel

Doyle, William E

Evans. Rev. J. A

1'9

Drake, Charles, M. D K

, 162. 163, 172

Evans, John

Drake, Mary

S43

Evarts&Peck

Draper, Hon. A. S

Evarts, Hon. Wm. M

4o 47
1U9

Drew, N.athaniel

139

Everts. Dr. Orpheus

Driscoll. James

Fackner, Capt. Edward

DuBois. Broadhead

113

Fairbanks, Capt. Henry

203 223
14ti

Dubois, Colonel

288

Fairley, Rev. J. W

DuBois, Louis

Fairman, Colonel '

264

DuBois, Colouel Louis

Falls.Hiram

144

Dudley, Anna (Fellows)

197

Fancher, Hon. Enoch L..LL.D.44

IIJ lilj 196

Dudley, Henry, A. M

126,197

Fanning, James T

125

Duers, Henry

138

Farley, Rev. Dr. F. A

Dnffleld, Prof

136

Farnam. John

Duffy,

328

Farnam (John) & Co

Duffy, Rev. Patrick

133

Faruuni. Frederick W

171
193

Duke, Matthew

.95, 107, 132

Farragut. Admiral

DuMond, Emma

nil

Farrell. James C

Dumpsou, Rev. Henry

13X

F.arriiigt.ai.

329

Dumvllle, Benjamin

Mi;

Farni, ;;(,,„. Daniel

77 131 266

Duncan, Colonel

];,,

|-ai-riii.|n„, E

329
K. 233 321
II ir2 262

Duncan, Henry C

191, :;ii;

Farrii,^(.„,, Ezra 7li. 77

Duncan, John H

Farriug.on. E.W m.

Duncan, Walter

31(i

Farrington, J. McC

Dungy, Rev. John

128

Farrlngton, Thomas

107

Dunlap, James

262

Farrington, Rev. Thomas T

121,333

Dunlap, Margaret R

101

Fawcett, Maria W

101

Dunlap, Samuel

123

Fay, ;

323

Dunn. George W

331

Fay,A

S''!

Dunn, Nettie

153

Feber. Abram

Dunning, Benjamin F

234

Dunning, Isabelle

234

Feber,lsaac

Duuphy, Mrs. B. A. (Bannon). . .

183

Febore, Andre le

Dtmphy, Edward

183

Pebore, Simon le

Dunphy, James G

183

Felter, Blanche E

101

PERSONAL INDEX.

Fentou, George W

Fenton, James

Fenton, John B

Fenton, John W.. JT P .

Ferguson, ..

Ferry, Capt. Daiiu-
Ferry, Emily (D""Tiiii^i
Ferry & Napier

Ficlieisseu. Rev. F. E

FleldinRi: JIusi-nw

Fields, William

Flere, Anna Maria

Fiere, Daniel

Flnck,

Fincke, Major C. L

Flndley, Kev. ,T. G. D

Findley , Mrs. J.G.D

Flndley, Mary L. (Gormley). . .

Findley, Hon. William

Flndley, Eev. William, D. D.,

Findley, William F

Flnnepau, W

Finley, Alexander

Fischer, .Toliaunes

Fischer. Maria Barlara

Fish, Elizaiietli

Fisher, Rev. Isaac M

Fisher, J.inies W

Fisk, Jonathan

Fisk, Clark ,si Fia^'-

Fitch, Charles E

Fitchey, John

Fitzgerald, Brit-.-General Lou

Fitzpatrick, Nicholas F

Fltzpatrick, P. J

Fltzsimmons, Kev. Patrick .

Flanagan, Anna E

Flansburgh, David H

Flemmlng, James

Fletcher, Eev. Dr

Foote,Dr.C.C

Foote, Ebenezer

Force, E

Ford, T

Forrest, Robert

Forson, David H
Forson

FuUerton, Rev. Matthew L I'li'

Fullerton, Capt. S. W 108

Fullerton, Hon, Stephen W.. 160, 164, 165, 209,

, Rev. J. H.

)dale, William Hi
)iliiue, William.,
)drich, Alfred...

Gains. John

Galatlan, Clark B

Galatian, Erwiu

Galatian, Luella

Gallagher, Rev. Mason. .

Gait, Clarence H

Gait, Eveline (Roberts) .

Gait, John

Gait, J. Randolph

Gano, Chaplain

Gardiner, William

Gardiner, Cicero A

Gardner, Major Asa B, .

Gardner, George

Gardner, John M

Gardner, Silas

Gardner, Silas D

Garner, Henry

Garnet, Rev. George —

, Gloriana

,.,■ , 136

Gearn, William

94-, 26-2

Geddes, John, Sr

Forsyth, John, Sr ....

Gedney, David

D.,LL. D.4;i.+4,47,70,

Gedney, Judge

79, 98, 105, IW, 119, I:

K.IIB, 136,141,172,262,

George, George

George II

91, 9T

George, King

171,262

George, Hon. Thomas..

Forsyth, Robert h ....

172

Gelssenhainer, Rev, Dr.

J28

Gerard &Boyd

125

Gerard, Franklin.. 84, U

20(1

Gerard & Halsey

Foster, William

191

Gerard, Mary

Fowler, Daniel W...

163

Gerard. W.-^sel S

Goodsell, John

Gordon, C. J

Gordon, Ehzabeth L.. ..

Gordon, General

Gordon, Hattie W

Gordon, James, M. D. . .

Gordon, John

Gordon, (John) & Co. . . .

Gordon, Joseph

Gordon, Nettie W. (Job
Gorham, John R., Sr. . . .

Gorham, Walter H

Goring, Thomson E —

Gormly, John A

Gorrle, Robert Hall....

Gorrie, Mrs. R. H

Gott, John W.

Gouldy, Francis

Gouldy, Jennie A

Gouldy, Mary E

Gourley, Robert

Gowen, President

Graff & Co

Graham.

Graham, Commodore .
Graham, George G., 31.
Graham, Helen C

Grant, Dr. C. W

Grant, Ulysses s 6T, ;T,

Grant, James C

Graves.

Gray, Miss E. K,

Gray,E. W

Gray, Rev. James M

Gray, Rev. John

Greatton, Col

Greatton, Brig.-Gen'l John. .

Greeley, Horace

Green, George W

Greene, General Nathaniel. .

Greene, Prof

Greene, Louise D.'.

Greer, Elizabeth

Fowler, Dr. John

Fowler, Lucretla A

Fowler, 3Iary C

Fowler, Matthew V. B. .

■'owler, Nancy M. (Merrill). . .

Fowler, Nehemlah

Fowler, Samuel

Fowler, Samuel, Sr

Fowler, Thomas Powell

Fowler, Walker

France, EltlngD.B

Eraser, Judge William F

I-Yazer, James, Sr

Frazler, Capt. Isaiah:

Fredrikscn, Oscar

Freeman, Rev. Jonathan...

Fremont, General

French, Rev. Dr

Frere, Hugo

Frothlngham, Lieut. Col. J,

FuUngar, Kelsey

Fuller,

Fuller. George W

Glbb, Eliza (Reed)

Gibb, Louisa

Gibb, Samuel

Gilbert, Justice

Giles, Rev, Samuel

Gill, J

Gillespie, Rev. D. D

Gillespie, William G

GlUlesft Schultz

Gillies, Schultz & Cruni

Gilmore, Henry

GIvens, Rev, John V

61assey,J

Gleasou, Rev. W. H. D. D. . .
Gleason, W. Stanton, M, D. .

Glynn, Patrick J

Godwin Park

Goetchlus, H, B

Goetchius, John £

Goldie,

Goldsmith, John K

Good, Henry, Sr

Goodale, Cynthia Augusta. .

Ooodale, James Harvey

Goodale, Mary E. (Gale)

sKlng

GTegov\
Gregtiri
Griffiim
Griffith

Guthrie, Captain Arthur.

Halgh, Edward

Haight, Nelson

Haines, Provosts

Halt, Eliza

Halt, John

Hale, Major Lewis

Hall,

Hall, Anna B, (Bond)

Hall,Dr.B.R

Hall. Rev. Charles Cuthbert. ,
Hall, G. A„ State Secretary y.

Hall, Rev, James

Hall, Mary Alice

Hall, W.B

Hall, Rey. William K., D. D. . .

141, 158, 181
Hallock, Nicholas

Halsey,

Halsey, Lewis B

328, Sffl

Halstead, Berrian

106

Halstead, Charles B

218

Halstead, Charles H

75,218

Halstead, Charles, Jr

172,323

Hamill James

...331,325,335

113

Hamilton, Harriet (Bontecou)

212

Hamilton, Hugh

74,96

Hamilton, James

94,212

Hamilton, James T

97, 333

Hamilton, Margaret

101

Hamilton, Robert J

312

Hamilton, Robert W

Hamilton, William

140,176

139

Hancock, General

45,67,109

Hancon,

326

Hancon, John

334

Hand, Adjutant General

Hantord, J. C

305

Hanmer, William S

76,125

Hanmore, Benjamin

199,328

Hanmore, Louis E..,M.D

Hannan, William F

Hansbrough, Henry C

279

Harcourt, Charles A -

75,311

Harcourt, Charles H

189

Hardenburgh, J. C.s

208

Harding, Chester

193

Harding, William

Hardy, Charles W

Hare, Rev. G. S., D. D

43,125

Harney, George A

146

Harney, J. E

131

Harper, J. Abuer

Harper.J.H

313

Harris,

ffiS

Harris, C. E

282

Hai-ris,I.P

282

Harris.John

Harris, Louis A., M. D

Harris, Minard

Harris, Thomas

328

Harris, William A

244

Harrison, James

...145, 151,191

Harrison, J. J. E

Harrison, Joshua

145

Harrison, Steele

ISrt

Harrison, William

.09,1115, 1116,107

Harrison, William R

301

Hart, Capt. Arthur B

Harter, Eugene W., A. B...

101

Hartshorn, Charles

Harvey, Dr. A. B

206

Harvey, Rev. C. A., D. D. ,,

308

Hasbroug, Abraham

Hasbrous. Jean

Hasbrouck, Charles

106

Hasbrouck, Charles H

11.15, 16», 170

Haslirouck, Eli

..Si, ISl, 1S9, 328

Hasbrouck, E. R

Hasbrouck, Col. H. C

Hasbrouck, Jonathan

. .■2-2, 2o, 26, :i5, sa

Hasbrouck, Oscar

Hasbrouck, wmiam C

1116, l.i9, 31£

Haskins.John

145

Hastings, James

105, 106, lOS

lOt

Hathaway, Odell S

61,169.1?;

Hathaway, Ortell S., Jr

Havemeyer, A. H

Havemeyer, C

Haviland, Rev. Oscar .
Havlland, Thomas T. . .

Hawkins, Rev. E

Hawkins, W

Hawkins, W.H

Hawkins. William....

IIlUN I. \ , ll-li .("--I'll ■

Hay.len, Capt. Henry 1

Hays, Archibald

Hays, HughM

Hayt. Col. Edward D.. .
Hayt, Jansen & Wells.

Hayt, Nathaniel B

Hayt,N.B.&E.D

PERSONAL INDEX

Hay t, Stephen

218

Howell. Frances (Nicholas)

Hay t, (Stephen) & Son

218

Howell. John T.. M. D

Hayt, Stephen & Co

305

Howell. Julia A

Headley, Hon. Joel T. . . .42, 44, 45,

47, 160, 193

Howell. Margaret O

Headley, Russel

.76. 160, 105

Howell. Olive (Belknap)

Headley. Mrs. Russel

153

Howell. Rensselaer 1

Heard.James

Howell, Rensselaer N

Heard. John S., M. D

Howell, Rensselaer, Sr

Heard. WilUam

144

Howell. William T

Heath. Maj. Gen'l 29. 30. 32, c

IS, 34, 36, 40

Hoysradt. Brace

Hedge* Lee

Hoysradt.J.W

Heinz Bros.&Co

292

Hoyt.Rev.J.C

Hem nilngway. Milton

245

Hubbard, E.,Jr

Henderson. Andrew

123

Hubbard, George

Henderson. Ida R

101

Huddelson, Robert

Henderson. W

:e9

Hudson. Daniel

Henderson, William J

Hughes. Bishop

Henrleke, Christian

18,19

Hughes, Mary Ellen

Henry, Caleb Sprague, D. D

201

Hull.Dr.A.G

Henry, John

146

Hull, Amelia J. P

Henry, Rev. John C

....146,147

Hull,Dr.Duane

Henry, Patrick

161

Hull, Franks 12.5.152.

Henry, Sarah (Dorrian)

147

Hull. Ida (Weygant)

Hepp. August

334

Hull. Marjorie W

Herbert John E

155

Hull, Sarahs

Herbert, Patrick

Hull, Stanley W

Herman. Fred

75,155

Hulse, George E

Hermance. Rev. Fields

145

Hunn,

Hermance, Rev. J. p

139

Hunn, John S

Herreschoffs, (The)

328

Hunn,PeterF

Heron, John

:ii, 140

Hunt, Francis W

Heustls, Henry O

Hunt. George

Hewitt, Samuel J

Hunt. Peter

Hewitt. Samuel J.. Jr

Hunt, Peter F

Heyer, Rev. William S

131

Hunt,R.S

Higby. Dr. Moses

53.54

Hunter, Amanda (Theall)

Hlgby. William S

Hunter,EzraI

Hlgginson, Anna E

186

Hunter, General

Higgiusou, Henry C

251. 252. 328

Hunter, Dr. George

Hilton, Anna

ail

Hunter, Helen R

Hilton, Anna L. (Turner) . . .

201

Hunter, Henry J

Hilton, Bertha

201

Hunter, William G

Hilton, Clara

201

Hunter, William, Jr

Hilton, Edith

201

Hunter, Sarah

Hilton, Mai-y EUa

201

Huntington. Brig.-Gen'l

Hilton, Ellen J. (Lawson)...

201

Husted, Hon. James W

Hilton. Judge Henry

201

Hutchlns, John N

Hiltou.James

139

Hutehins,S.C

Hilton. John

201

Hyer-Sheehan Electric Motor Co,

Hilton, Mrs. John

153

Hylon.

Hilton. Joseph

201

Hyndman, Robert

Hilton. Minnie

201

Hyndman, William H

Hilton, Ralph

201

Ide.E

Hilton, Robert

201

Ide, George B. & Co

Hilton, Robert Jolin

201

Ironmonger, Frank

Hilton, Samuel

201

Isaacs. Rev. A. S.. Ph. D

Hilton, Samuel J

170

Iselin,

Hilton, Sarah

201

Irvin, Joseph C

Hilton William !)5, 123, 140,

200. 201, 208

Irving, Rev. Dr

Hilton, William H 70, 75 176, 189. 191. 201

Irwin, Daniel

Hilton. (William) & Son

105

Jack, Rev. Alexander B

Hilton, William T

86, 201

Jackson, General

Hinckle. Rev. Geo. W

150

Jackson,J.C

Hirschberg. Elizabeth (McAlles).

If 5

Jackson, Brig Gcul . R. H

Hlrschberg. Henry M

Jackson, Rev. William

Hirschberg. Hon. M. H. . . .42, 47, 1

05. 14:^, 160.

Jacobs.AdaLouI.se

161, 164, 167, 181, 255. 328

Jacobs Baking Powder Co

Hitch, Mrs. F. D

155

Jacobs. Bessie May

Hoagland, John

Jacobs. Eugene Ward

Hobart, Right Rev. John H

.... 120.127

Jacobs, Gilbert E

Hobbs, James

Jacobs, George H

Hoehiug Rcv.A. C

150

Jacobs. Lucy A

Hoes. Rev. Dr

215

Jacobs. Mary Ward (Muiin)

Hoffman. Gov. John T

195

Jacobs'. William H

Hoffman. Joseph

. .94, 98, 305

Jacobus. Charles C

Hoffman, Mary

305

Jacobson, Frank A., M. D

Holdredge. S. W

144

Jagger. Rev. S. H

Holland. Rev. F. W

146

James, Hon. Thomas L

Homer R.-imsdeli Transportation

Co., (The)

Jamison, John

26. 70. 228. Z«. 248. aw

Jamison, Thomas J

Hood. General

297

J.ines, Bishop

Hopkins. Rev. JmlsunH

141

Jannicky, Charles

Hornbeck. Henry D

215

Jansen. Mary E

Horton.

144

Jansen, Sally

Hort.m, Eugene B

101

Jarvis,Capt. J. M

Horton, James E

Jay.

Horton, Jeremiah

205

Jefferson, Thomas

Hovey, Henry

282

Jenkins. Caroline E. (Macy)

Howard. Gen'l O.O

171)

Jenkins. Charles S...42, 172, 173, ;

Howe.General

. . .IS, 30. 41

Jenkins, Mrs. Charles S

Howell, Anna R. (Lester)

115

Jenkins, Hannah B

Howell. Beuoni H

..94.97.177

Jenkins. James R

Howell. Charles J

141, 151

Jenkins. William B

Howell, Mrs. C. J

154

Jenkinson. Capt. Isaac

Howell, David

Jennings, Lewis

Jerome, Watson

Jessup, Sylvanus

Jessup Thomas

Jewell,

Jewett. Hugh J

Johansen, G

Johnes. Edward R

Jobnes, Mrs. E. R

Johnson, Andrew

Johnson, F

Johnson, Rev. Henry T

Johnson, L. F

Johnson, Peter

Johnson, Rev, T. W ,

Johnston & Alsdorf

Johnston, President Andrew. . ,

Johnston, Andrew M

Johnston, Beverly K

Johnston, Charles

Johnston, Capt. Charles

Johnston, Elvira S. (Beatty) . . . ,

Johnston, Frank M ,

Johnston, Rev. James R

Johnston, Rev. John, D. D..79, !

, 119, :

, 179

Johnston, John A

Johnston, Mary (Bull)..

Johnston, Robert

Johnston, W. C

Johnston, William

Johnston. William J. .

Jones, Rev. Arthur

Jones, Hiram A

Jones, Rev. John

Jones. William. M. D....

Jones, William C

Jova, A. v., M. D

Jordan, Capt. F. H

Jordan, J. V

June, Charles F. .203, '^2S,

June, George

June, Jacob

"June, Jennie"

June, Phineas

Kayne, Alfred, M. D

Kearny, General Philip..
Keefe, William H

Kelly, James F

Kelly, John D

Kelly, John P

Kelly William H.... 45, K
151, 328, 339

KeUy, Mrs. W. H

Kemp, Major John H

Kemp, Robert D

Kennedy, Joseph

Kennedy, Miss Letltia. . .

Kenset, J. F

Keruahan, Robert

Kernochan, John A

Kerr, Charles L. C

Kerr, Emellne (Ross)

Kerr, George, M. D

Kerr, George W 1(X),

Kerr, Hon. John B

Kerr-, Margaret (Brown).

Kerr Rev. Robert

Ketcham,

Ketcham, Frank H

Ketcham, Hon. J. H

Ketcham, Julia

Ketcham, Reeve

Ketcham. Samuel

Kidd Andrew

Kidd ,!t Benjamin

Kidd, D. L

Kidd, J. H

Kimball, Samuel G K4.

Kimball's, S. G.. Smi

Kimball, S. G. & S.-ns

Kimball, Thomas

Kimball, William G

Kimber, Herbert P

Kimber, H. P. & Co

Kimber, Marie A

King, Rev, James B

King, John

King, Gov. John A

King.Rev.L. H

King, Richard

King, Stephen

King (Stephen) & Co

Kingston, R. J„ M. D

Kipp, Capt. W. H

Kirkland, Fred T

Kissam, R

Kittel, Dr, Joseph

Klaproth, F

Knapp, Israel

Knapp, Uzal

Knevels, Isaac A

Knevels, John W

Knoll, Michael Christian

Knox, General 30, 33,

Knox. Mrs

Koch, John

Kockerthal, Joshua

Kockerthal, Sibyle Charlotte

Krebs. Rev. Dr

Kretchmar. Capt. C. P

Kripner, John F

Krom, Ella L

Labouchere, Henry

LaFayette, Marquis de..3it, 5.

Laflin & Rand Powder Co

Lambert, Valentine

Lamdin, J. R

Lander, Benjamin

Landon, Rev, Seymour

Lane, Rev. Michael

Langdill, Rev. Mr

Lansing,

Lappe, Charles

Lappe, John

Laraway, Harriet

Lasher, Rev, G. W

Lathrop, L

La Tour, A, T

Laurens, Col

Law, Beveredge & Co

PAGE.

.265, 266

Kiln

. Irvi:

Kilmer Manufacturing Co. .GS. 7

Kilmer.M. D

Kilmer, T. S

Kilmer, W. A

Kimball. Charles H

Kimball, Charles Henry

Kimball, Eliphalet Buotman..

Kimball, Mary Elizabeth

Kimball, Rev. Joseph

Kimball, Moses

Kimball, Sarah Frances

Law, James

Lawrence, Grand Master..

Lawrence, Omon H

Lawrence, WiUiam

Lawson, Andrew

Lawson, Charles J.. 130, 155

, 191,

, Mrs.

Lawson & Embler

Lawson, George

Lawson. Hannah (Budd)...

Lawson, Henry B

75,80

Lawson, James T 74

, 130, 151, 107, 173

Lawson, Jennie M. (Brown)

Lawsou, John

122,139, 201

Lawson, John E

170

Lavv.son, John K

...9.5,97,105, 323

Lawson, Robert

76.80,207

Lawsou, S

Lawson, William C

84.66,181

Lay, Rev. Geo. W

150

Leacoek. Rev. Benjamin B.

.D.D....147, 148

Lee. (General

Lt-e, Martin L

Lee, Rev. R. P

Leech, WiUiam K..
Leeper, Joseph M..

Leicht, Charles

Lelcht, John M

liCfevre, Simon

Lendrum, Agnes W
Lendrum, Miss E, S
Lendrum, George..

Lentllhon, W

Leon, David D

Leonard,

215

PERSONAL INDEX

Leonard, Hon. Chancey M..
98, 105. \T2, 286, 2*7, 288, S3

Leonard, D. amis

Leonard, Henry M

Leonard, Hope (Smith)

Leonard, James J

Leonard, Rebecca (Smith).

Le Roy, Julia E

Leslie, Augusta

Leslie, Alexander

Leslie, S.J

Levein.L

Leveridge, Caklass

Lewis, Dr

Lewis, Egbert

Lewis, Kev. Isaac

Lewis, John N

Lewis, Captain Stark

Liboschalu, Maria Johanna. . .

Llboschain, Susanna

Llderer, Barou de

LUburn, Adam

Lincoln, President Abraham.
195,209

Llndley, A.F

Llndlcv, A. L

Lipsett, Robert

LitchfleUI, James A 282

Little, Andrew 140

Little, John 70, 125, Ul, IM

Little, John, Jr I.i5

Little & Kelly '.ir.. !«:. 135, i:«. 3119

Livingston, Rev, James lis

Livingston, James : 128

Lockstead, George 18

Lockwood,- 329

Lockwood, Charles S 84

Lockwood. David S 7.5, 86

Lockw 1, |i. s. ,v r_ s 79

Lockw 1, I-,i,i. N 316

Lockw I, .l-hii U" 175

Lockwood. R 125

Lockwood, Rembrandt 133

Logan, James J.. .97. 144, 155. 1H9, 255, 287, 283

Logan, Mary A 287

Logan, Samuel 256

Logan, Capt. Samuel R 287, '288

Logan, Major Samuel 288

Lomas, John 74, 108, 209

Lomas, George 146

Lomas, Joseph 76, 185

Londergau, Margaret E 313

Longacre. Rev. Andrew. D. D 125

Longarn-, .I:imfs r! 125

Los-sill--, I- I, n ,1 160,181

Lott ,v 1 l..,l;.l„ 1. 316

Loudon, .Ml.-. 197

Loudon, Samuel 34, 35

LoulsXIV 17,87

Louvols, 17

LoveU, A. J 282

Low, Hon. Henry R 287

Low, Joseph 262

Lozier, Samuel 91

Lundy, Rev.Dr 144

Ludlow, Capt. Charles 322

Ludlow, Robert 127

Lull, Rev. De Loss 125, 139, 151

Lutorlus, Prof. Charles 149

Lynch, 323

Lynch, Bishop 146

Lynch, Francis 53

Lynn, William 123, 140

Lyon, Alfred H 305

Lyon, Charles H 76,181

Lyon, JohnL 101,108

Lyon, Martin 323

McAlles, Thomas S 151

McAllister, R. M 140

McAlplne, 115

McAuley, John 93, 94

McBurney, 329

McBuroey, Mary loi

McCain, C.C 256

McCamley, David 168

McCann.Alex 86,199

HcCaun, Alexander 74,270

HcCann, Alexander D 269, 270

McCann, A. & M. H 270

McCann, David C 270

McCann, Henry 69, 84, 170, 280

McCann, Sarah Caven 270

McCann, Thomas M 142, 143. 168, 369, 270

McCarrell, Rev. Joseph, D. D. . . .116, 118, 121,
123,131,136,137,141,267,302

McCarey, Charles 22

MeCarey, Patrick 22

McCartee, Rev. Robert, D. D 135

McCartney, Joseph A 97

McCausland, 328

McCord, James 63,84, 121

Mccormick, 327

McCormick, John 101, 140

McCoun, Elizabeth 257

McColm, Eliza (Waring) 66

McCoun, Henry T i.:>. f.ii. >'■:. liii. Jri7

McClintock, Rev. Dr. l jr.

McCloskey, Cardinal :; li;

McClung, Benjamin,. H^t

McClung& Deyi> 144

McCrackeu. Jnlm 91

McCroskery. H^.ii ,l..liii ,T. s l:;, 47, 74, 75,

, 79, 84, 119,

. 181

. l«l,

McCuUough, Sarah D. (McCartney)

McCullough, WUllam

McCutcheon, D

cCutcheon, Hugh 97, 105, 328,

i-Donnell, .John A

Madden & Fitzgerald. .

Madison,

Madison, James

Magee, John W

Maher, James

Mailler, Bartholomew.,

Malller, John

Mailler, John D

Mailler, William K.l*

Mailler. Jlrs. Williiiiii li
Mailler. Williimi Kt-tili
Mailler, William K. i t
MaiUer, William K. & f
Mailler, William O.
189, 294, 303

Mailler, William O. & Co

Major, Henry

Maliory & Co

Maione, J. D., M. D

Malone, >Irs. John Duhig

Manchester, A

Mauderville, Capt. James S

Mandeviile, Rev, G, H

Manning, Chattle Louise

Manning, James

Manning, Rev. Moses

Manolt,

Marison,

Manz, Rev. Carl C

Manz, Rev. C. G

Manz, Cornelia C. (Lutorius) —
Manz, Maria Catherine (Kraush:

Mapes, Albert W

Mapes, C

170, 173, 181,
191, 293. 291

McDowell, John 328

Mapes, Charles l,",. TC -• ,

McElrath, Charles E 155

Mapes. Mrs. Charles

McEntyre, Thomas W 91

Mapes. Charles H

McFadden, Agnes 101

Mapes, Edward .'. :,

McGahey, 321

Mapes, George W

McGahey, Mrs. Owen 154

Mapes, Helen

McGilfert & Wands IS, 109

Mapes, .Tames

McGiii, WiiUam L 33,36

Mapes, Lottie E

McGlynn, Rev. Dr 147

Mapes, Robert B

McGregor, John 80

Mapes, Mrs. Samuel P

McGrath, Rev. John J 146

Mapes, Sarah

McGregor, Gavin R 74

Mapes & Senior

McHenr.v, James 234

Mapes, Sidney

Mclntvre, 132

Mapes. Thomas

Mclntyre, Mark 77,184

Mapes. William E 136,

Mcintosh, Phlneas 137

Mapes, William H 309,

Mc Jimpsey, Rev. Dr. John 131

Mapes, William R

McKay, Alexander 160

Marcy, Governor

McKay, W. Johnston I'S

Marsh, E.l«-.-irdJ.F

McKenna, Rev. Mr 133

Marshali, I-'i-i-n,i

McKim, Mrs. Haslet 154

Martin. Ann Vcriutd- iMnv.lnl,-!

McKim, Mead & White 70

Martin, Cyrus B l.fi. 179. ivj. isi, i«.

McKlnstry, Stephen 76

Martin, Isaac 2i.i7. 343.

McKlssock, C. S 47

Martin, Isaac M

McKlssock, Hugh ;,-.. ;i;. 141

Martin. J

McKissock, Hon. Thomas W: l.iS

Martin. J.imes

McLaren.D. C 131

Martin, .lohnH 151,

McLaren, Rev. Malcolm A l:!l

.Mai-tln, Sanili E

McLaren, Rev. Malcolm X, D. D ill

Mai-tiu, William F

McLaughlin, S. G iii3

Mai-v.l, li.iijaiiiiu

McLean, Rev. A 139

M;irv,,l ,v r,,

McLean, Arthur A 146,181,189,191

M,n^.■l, 1- a. :5 247,248.249.

McMahon, 338

M,H^rl, 1,^ ,v !■,. 63,223,247.

McMasters, Susan 1.53

Mai-Vrl.I-lMM.KlS S.,Jr

Marvin, Albert D

McMillan, Rev. Dr 119

Marvine, Rev. Walter 149,

McMullin, Rev. S. H 118

Maslin.B

McMuUin, S. Hlldeburn 140

Mason,

McMulim, Rev. Mr 141

Mason,F. H

McNally.JamesJ 217

McNanghton, J. R 46

Mason, John A 76, 17S, 1T9,

McNeal,John 140

Mason, Rev. Dr. John M

McQuaid, Bishop 1»1

Masters, John C

McTurk, William . 323

Mast in,

McWIlllams, Rev. Alexander 142

Mathews, James H

Mabie, Jeremiah D 45,209,320

Matthews, Rev. Jacob

Macdonald, BenJ. J 176,282,283,284

Matthews, Elmer E

MacDougall, Major-General 31, S2, 36. 40

Matthews, Rev. George

MacDougall, Sawney 36

Mace, Benjamin H 185

Matthews, John W....130. IS2. 288, 389,

MacOi egoric, Col. Patrick 52

301

Machin, Captain S2, 54

Matthews, (John W.) & Co

Mackie, Miss 104

Matthews, J. W. & Co. .255, 288, 2S9, MO,

Mackin, James 181

292

MacLaren, Charles S23

Mattlson.

Macnaughtan, Rev. John, D. D 70, 121

Maubey. Jerome A., M. D

Macy, Charles B .'. 175

Maydole, David

Maydole. (David) Hammer Co 181

May. Euphemia 101

Mead. Charles H lb-
Mead, G. W 326

Mecklem, George 288

Mecklem. Mary E 288

Meehan, J. J 69

Meginn, Arthur 323. 3H

Mellor. Henry C 47. 97

Melrose& Moss 248

Members, 329

Mendes, D. P, DeSola 143

Meredith, Rev, Dr, R. R 150

Merrill, Nathaniel IM

Merritt, Daniel 306,307,308

Merritt, George 306

Merritt, George H 308

Merritt, Hiram 307, 308

Merritt, Humphrey 306, 307

Merritt, John, Sr 306

Merritt, Seneca W 45

Merritt, Theodore 1(B, 189, 306, 307

Merritt, Theodore A 308

Merritt, Underhill 306, 307

Merritt, Gen'l Wesley 179

Meyer, Arthur M .314

Meyer.Rev.F. C. A 149, 150

Meyer. George S 314

Meyers. Capt. Berthold 46

Meynders, Burger : 18, 19, 25, 35

Mickle, Rev. W. H 44. 46. 125

Middletou, George 147

Miles, Chri.stopher 91

■viili-v, ,Tnlni, P, n 125

V'P -r !, I:. V. .-. \V 145

Miller, Ji
Miller, J
Miller, Johaimi

. 76, 1

Miller,MissL 155

Miller, Mary E 154

Miller, S 329

Miller, Hon. Warner 45

MUler, William 22

Miller, William C 84.328

Milligan. Rev. Dr. James 122

Mills, 338

Mills, Rev.Dr 129

Mills, Samuel C 86, 126. 170. 173. 181. 189,

191,294,295

Mills, Mrs. S.C 155

Mills. W. H 46

MillspauKh, 329

Miispauith, H 328

Mlllspaugh, Dr. Peter 87

Millspaugh, (R.)&Co 213.283

Mitchell, A S28

Mitchell, Alice (Trask) 89

Mitchell, Edgar 126

Mitchell, EdgarOrmsby 89

Mitchell, Experience 89

Mitchell, George R 121,320

Mitchell, John James, M. D 86, 88. 89

Mitchell, Rev. John Sheffield 89

Mitchell, Marion 89

Mitchell, Philena B. (Rose) 89

Mitchell, Thomas 89

Mitchell, William 22

Moffat, Almet S 178,179

Moffat, Bethiah Reeder 298

Moffat, Currence Bostric 398

Moffat, Daniel C 179

Moffat, David H 86,298

Moffat, Juliana H 179

Moffat, Samuel 298

Monell, Elvira 159

Monell, Dr. Gilbert C 109. 172

Monell, Hon. John J. . .42, 44, 100, 105. 153, 1S9,

169. 172. 281, sa

Monell, Mrs. John J 160

Monell, Mary E 160

Monell, Mary E. (Smith) 160

Monell, Samuel 159

Montfort, R. V. K., M. D 47, 86, 105, 106,

109, 110, 144, 151, 153

Montfort, Theodosia B. (Crowell) 109

Montgomery, JamesB 301

PERSONAL INDEX

Montgomery, S. J

Mooney, Very Rev. Dean 133,

Moody, Dwight L 152. 268,

Moore Bartholomew B...45, 75, 105, 175, ]

296.297

Moore, David 61, 74. 1?2,

Moore, pavid) & Co

Moore, Eugene

Moore, James

Moore, John T .75,

Moore, J. Owen 44

Moore, Michael

Morgan, Alexander 76

Morgan, E

Morgan, Governor Edwin D

Morgan, Capt. F. B. S

Morison, Ale.xander

Morrell, John

Morrell, Thomas

Morris, H. D

Morris, John E

Morrison, 328,

Morrison, David A

Morrison, Hamilton

Morrison, John

Morrison, Maria (Mould)

Morrison, Mary K. (Lipsett)

Morrison, Robt

Morse, George F

Morse, Miss E. F

Morton, Bliss & Co

Morton, Burns & Co

Morton, Major

Moscow, Charles E

Moshier,

Moshier, Caroline (Tilton)

Moshier, Elijah

Moshier, George 76, ai, 130,

Moshier. George , Jr

Moshier, Harrison

Moshier, Howard P

Moshier, James 323,

Moshier, John

Moshier, Mabel

Moshier, Piatt

Moshier, Wash

Mott, Valentine, M.D S6,

Mould, Christoflel

Mould, Jonathan

Muhlemau, Gotleib

Muir, Munson G

MuUenneaux, M. H

Mulliner, A. C

Mundy, Mr

Munsell, Joel D

Munzeuheirner G

Murray, Capt. John W

Murray, Rev. Nicholas, D. D

Murtf eldt, Edward M

Murtteldt & Krom

Murtha,

Muse, Capt. W. S

Myer, Captain

Myers, Rev. H. V. S., D. D

Myers, W. H

Naoman,

Napoleon

Neafie & Levy

Neill, Hugh

Nelson, George F

Nelson, Lieut

Nestell,G

Newcomb, Col

Newman, Dr

Nichols, Francis E

Nichols, Henry F., M. D

Nichols, Moses

Nicola, Colonel

Nicoll.H.D

Nlven, Daniel

Niveu, Daniel, Jr

Niven, Hon. Thornton M. . . .121, 157, 169,

172, 199, 202, 309

Nixon, Edward

Nixon, William 69, 97, 176,

Nolte, Lewis

Norris, Rev. Richard

Norseug,

North, Rev. C. R

North, S.D

Northcott, T. C

Nott, Rev. Dr. EUphalet

Noyes, Aaron

Nutt, John J

Oakley & Davis 26, 27,

Oakley, Hannah P

Oakley, Isaac K

Oakley, Jackson

Oakley, Jacob

Oakley, Jesse

Oakley, Jesse & Co

Oakley, Lieut. J. K. R

Oakley, L. & J

Oakley, Martha

Oakley, Samuel

Oakley, Susan

O'Brien, P

O'Brien, S

O'Conor, Charles

O'Connor, Francis B

Odell, Hon. Benjamin B..67, C
111,176, I81,2ai, 324

Odell, Benjamin B., Jr 1

Odell, H.B

Odell, Isaac

Odell, Mary A

O'Donovan, William Rudolph

O'Fari-ell, Bishop

Ogdeu, James

Olmstead,

Olney, Nancy

Oluey, Stephen

O'Malley, James E., M. D

O'Neil,

O'Reilly, Rev. Edward J

O'Reilly. Rev. Philip

Orr, James

Orr, John

Ormiston, Rev. William, D. D

Osbon, Rev. A. M., D. D 1

Osbon, Rev. Ellas S., D. D

Osbon, Hattie Curtiss

Osbon, Nellie

Osbon, Sade J. (Pliilps)

Osborn, David A

Ostrander. S. G

Ostrander, Linus

Ostrom,

Oulton, Michael J

Oviatt, Lieut.-Col. M. N

Owen, Maria Gillespie

Oweu, Nelson

Owen, Samuel J

Pack, M. Theresa

Palmer, Rev. Aaron F

Palmer, Thomas

Parish, Mrs. Daniel

Parker, Dr. Willard

Parker, Rev. John

Parmalee & Robinson

Parmenter, Samuel

Parsons, Frederick W

Parsons, Sophia H

Patterson,

Patterson, Alex

Patterson, Brig-General John.

Patton, Adam

Patton, James

Patton, Mrs. William

Paulsen,

Payne, Charles

Peaslee, Dr. E. R

Peck, Abraham

Peck, Anna

Peck, Bros

Peck, Catharine A

Peek, Catharine I. (Millard)

Peek. Charles A

Peek. Dr. Ellas

Peck, Elizabeth

Peck, George

Peck, George G

Peck, Jeremiah

Peck, John E

Peck, Jonathan C

Peck, Thomas M

Peck, Van Dalfsen & Co

Peck & Van Dalfsen 177, 191

Peck, William

Peck, WUliamE

Peck, W. E. & J, C

Peirsou Charles H

Pellieux, Rev. Augustine

Penny, Josepli

Penny, Maria

Penny, Very Rev. William L.,

Perkins, Friend W

Perkins, George C

Perry, Rev. Richard

Peters, George W

Peters, Wm. T

Pettingale, Major

Pettit, Capt. George H

Petty, Charles E

Phelan, Rev. Michael J

Phillips,

Phillips, Adah H

Phillips, James H

Phillips. JohnD

Phillips, Lomas & Randall. .

Phillips. Spencer C

PhUlips, Willard M

Pingry, Rev. T. F

Pitts, Elias

Pitts, Elizabeth (Jamison) . .
Pitts, Margaret ( Whited). . . .

Piatt, Isaac

Piatt, John I

Platt&Schram

Platto, Capt. W

Plettel, Anna Elizabeth

Plettei, Johannes Jacob

Piumsted, Charles

Polhemus, John

Pollard, Capt. Don Alonzo. .

Pollock, John M

Porter,

Post, Alfred

Post, Edward Rogers

Post, James

Post, Major James Clarence

Post, John

Post, Captain John

Post, John R

Post, Richard

Po.st, William R

Potter, Bishop

Potter, F. W

Potter, Right Rev. Horatio .

Potts, Rev. Arthur

Powell, Frances E. L

Powell, George W

Powell, Louisa A

Powell, Mary Ludlow

Powell, Mary

Powell, Nicholas

Powell, Ramsdell & Co

Powell, Robert

Powell, Robert Ludlow

Powell, Thomas. . . .'27, 86, 94,

265,

Powell, Thomas & Co

Powell, Col. Willoughby. . . .

Power, Rev. John T

Power, Maurice J

Powers, D. & Sons

Powers, John

Powers, ( J. G.) & Co

Poyer, Henry C

Presler, William

Preston, Andrew

Preston, Viear-Geueral

Prentice, Rev.E. L

Price, George F

Price, Capt. James L

Price, Stephen

Priest,JohnW

Prime, Helen Lefferts

Prime, Rev. S. Ireneeus

Prime, Rev. Wendell. D. D .
181

Prince, George

Proudfit, Alexander, D. D . .

Proudflt, Rev. David L

Proudfoot, John

Purdy, Glorianna

Purdy, John S

Putney, Kev. RufiisC

Pm-dy, Thomas W

Quakeubush, T. s

PAGE.

Ramsdell, Homer. ...70, 126, 181, 198,223,227,

22S, 230, 231, 232, ZU. '262, 267, SOI

Ramsdell, Homer & Co 228

Ramsdell. H. Stockbridge 191,231,234

Ram«.|..ll, Jnm<.« .\. P 189,234

R.'"'-i'll .l"--(.li 22T

H.'i- ■' 234

l::"i ^ ■ "' '■■'■'■ 227

Kan, -I. •II, M:,r- 227

Rains.1,11, Mary L. P 234

Ramsdell. Thomas P 2S4, S2S

Ramsey. Ann - M im

Ramstedt. Theo 46

Rand, A. T 61

Randall, William lai

Randolph, Rev, Peter 1;J8

Rankin, Laura Wolcott 119

Rankin, Hon. Robert G 119

Rathbun, Rev. G. A 151)

Ray, Capt. Jam: 45

Raymond, J. L 325

Rea,AndrewD 143

Reach, 328

Reed, Commander A. V 45

Reed, Colonel 35

Reed, Ruf us A 179, 180

Reed, Mrs. Walter 199

Reeder, Emma 153

Reeve, Captain 322

Reeve, Charles F. V 100, 101, 105

Reeve, Christopher 27, 394

Reeve & Falls .55

Reeve, James H 1^5

Reeve, Joseph 94

Reeve, Nathan 100, 161

Reeve, Selah 94

Reeve, S. B 328

Reid, William

318, 219

Reilley, John

Reiily, Rev. Father

Remiliard, Abraham B. E

Remiliard & Co

Remiliard, Frank P

Remiliard, Grace E

Remiliard, Lenora ( Weygant) . .

Remiliard, Lillian E

Remiliard, Malvina (Lamontagu

RemiUard, Minnie M

Remiliard, Thomas B

Remington, Wolcott

Rennan, Heinrich

Renwick, James

Rennan, Johanna

Reveley, Henry

103, 105, 109, 169, 207,

Reyn

Reynolds, J

Rheutan, Daniel A

Rheutan, E, H

Rheutan, Tliomas K

Rhodes, Capt. George B

Rhyuders, William

Richards,

Riblet, Capt. William H

Rice, Rev. Gabriel

Richardson, Ann Maria (Par

Richardson, John

Richardson, Mary Ann (Ayei

Richardson, Nathan H

Richmond, Theodore

Rlder,D. C

Riley, Al

Riley, George

Ring, A. Smith

Ring, Thomas C 100, 105,

3-2:1, 334, 3-25, 8-28

Riske, George

Ritchie, Bodine & Hull

Ritchie, Frances A

Rltchie& Hull

■L. I Kelly

.129, 179, 181, 182

Robliiiis. Louis L..
Roberts. Stephen.

Roberts, W. J

Robertson, W. S. .

Robinson, ...

Robinson, Mrs. Chi

PERSONAL INDEX

Robinson. Capt. Henry.
Robiuson, Hugh

Robinson. Vplentlne

Rochambeau. General

RodermouU. Henrietta. . .

Rodman, Captain

Rodman. John G

Rodgers. R

Kodgers, Lieut. R. P

Roe, Cadwallader

Roe, James

Roe. Mark W

Roe. T. Hazard

Roe, William J

Roe. W. J.. Jr

Rogers. Captain

Rogers. Daniel

Rogers. Daniel T

Rogers. Captain Elvln. . . .

Rogers, Heur.v

Rogers, Jason W

Rogers, Mrs. John L

Rogers, MacLeod

Rogers, Martha (Griffith).

Rogers. Mary (Brown)

Rogers. Robert

Rollins Bros

Romalne. Rev. W

Romer& Treniper Steanil:

Roney. Rev. Moses

Roosa, Elmer E

Root. Charles

Ropes, Col. E. H

Rose, Johanna

Rose. Norman

Rose. Peter

Rose. Rev. Peter

Ross. Edward C

R0SS& Bate

Ross, George H

Ross. George H. & E. C . . .

Ross, George M

Ross, Henry

Ross, James L

Ross, Mary

Ross, Rev. M.
Ross, Robert .

Ross. William 158. 159

Rosslter & Wright 69

Root & Shaver 212

Rothery, Mr 267

Round & Chatterton 160

Round. Seward U 160

Rousseau 118

Rowland, Sidney S 46

Roy, James S 279

Royce, Charles B 74, 84

Royoe, Dr. William A 113, 206

Rudolph, Henry 75, 81

Ruger, Genl. Thomas H 179

Ruggles, Augustus 106

Ruggles. Charles 106

Ruggles, David Golden 106

Ruble. Elizabeth A S68

Russell. B. R 145

Russell & Co 178

Russell, John B 178

Ruttenber. Charles B 184

Ruttenber. Edward M....19. 44. 105. 177, 178,

179, 183, 184, 199
Ruttenber, J. W. F... .
Ruttenber, Matilda A. (Mclntyre).
Ryan, Daniel

Ryan & McDonald

Ryan, Thomas

HydeU.M

Ryer, Catharine (Carter)

Ryer, Henry

Sabine, Rev. Wm. P

Sachs. G.M.L

Sackett. Samuel B

Sager, Moses H

Sallmon, Wm. H

Sampson. Rev. Mr

Samuels, Wolf

Sanders,

Sands, Samuel

Sands. W.H.B

Sanford. George A

Sankey. Ira D

178.1

Saylor. Ceesar

Saylor, John

Sayres. J. R

Schaefer, F. J. A 191,

Scharps. Marcus

Scharps. Simon A

Schofleld. General John M

Schoonmaker. Charles B

Schoonmaker. John 86. 119. l?i. 173,

189. 294. 295

Schoonmaker. Peter

Schoonmaker. Mills & Weller. . . .152. 295.

Schoonmaker & Weller

Schoonmaker, Samuel V

Schoonmaker, Wallace

Schermerhoru. Wilmer W

Schram. N. H

Schram. Sarah H. (Hallock)

Schram. William

Schram (W.) & Co

Schultz & Crum 191.

Schultz, Jacob

Schultz. Jennie (Wheeler)

Schultz, John L 191.

Schuneman. Herman

Schwisser. Anna Catharine

Schwlsser. Lorentz

Scofleld. A. F

Scofleld. Samuel W

Scott. Major General Wlnfleld ....42. 193

Scott. David A 105. 161. 161.

Scott & Drake

Scott. Francis 76, 84. 86.

Scott, Henry

Scott & Hirschberg

Scott. William 95.

Scrimgeour. Rev. James

Seaman. Almlra

Seaman. George W 318.

Searle. Rev. Jeremiah 46. 141,

Searle. Rev. Jeremiah. Sr

Searle. Margaretta F. (Conover)

Searle, Mary Tomb

Searles. Rev. W. N

Seaverns. John L. . 261.

Seeger. A. H. F. . . .

Selleg. D.N

Senior. Augustus .

Senior, Sarah C. (Doughty). .

Senior. William

Serrlngtou, Rev. Samuel

Serrlngton, Rev. William . . .

Service, Rev. John

Sethbridge,

Severeuce, M.J

Seward, Governor Wm. H.

Seymore, Father

Seymour, Gov. Horatio

Seymour, Milton D

Seymour, T. J

Shafer. Jesse F

Shafer, Joseph D

Shafer, R.P.L

Shaffer, A

Shaffer, Rev. J. N

Shaler, Major-General

Shannon, William H. . . .

Shaver. John W

Sharpe Genl. George H

Shaw. Charles B I'.ii, v

Shaw, Charles F

Shaw. George W 3

Shaw, Harriet Walsh. .
Shaw, Henry B., M. D.

ShefBelil, Ruth

Sheldon. George H.
Shelling. Rev. Charl
Shelton. Thomas B. ,

, 357, 324, 325, ,328

.Smith, Pauline (Gerecke) .

Smith, Richard

Smith. R. J

Smith. Rev. T. B

Smith, Thaddeus

sii.ltli, William

smith. William

Sheppard. Col

Sheridan. General

Sherman. Cornelia A.(Deyo
.D.D

Shuart & Embler

Shuit. Morgan

Shumway, Capt. Henry C. .

Shurter, C. A

Shutes. Samuel E

Siglar, Henry W., A. M. . . . .

Siglar. Mary F. (Burr)

SUllck, Rev. Bradley

Sllllman. Rev. Geo. D

Simonson. Thomas A

Simpson. Bishop

218 Sisters

Simpson. Thomas

Sipperly. W.A

Charity

Sisters of St. Dominic. ,

Skeel. RufusR

Skidmore. Edwin T

Skldmore & Bull

Skidmore. Bull & Co...

.142. 144

Smith. W.L 328

119, 125

Smith. William P. C 83

.... 201

Sneed, George 144

.... 323

Sneed.John 207

.... .32

Sneed, Joseph A 7.5, 104. 105, 106. 108. 171;

143

Sneed & Mathews 108, 191

.... 88

Sneeden, Samuel G 331

Snodgra.ss, Rev.Dr 122

Snyder. Charles E.. LL. B 45, 76, 110, 111,

.191.194

161

119

.192.310

Snyder, Eleanor E. (Roberts) 110

.... 319

Snyder. Franks 101

.219. 319

Snyder, Hannah R. (Wright) Ill

.... 174

Snyder, John 110

.... 45

Southard, George H 146

.... 145

Southwick, Richard A 172

. .74. 178

Spalding, Elizabeth L. (Johnston) 179

.119.121

Spalding, John D 179

Spalding. John W 177

.... 189

Spalding. Rev. Joshua 179

.... 150

Spaulding. 95

.... 75

Speaight. Capt. Wm. A 45

.... 125

Speir. Aikman 97

.... 336

Speir. Hugh 94,120

.... 295

Spence, Rev. J. C 128

. . . . 46

Spenser, Mr 194

Splerin, Rev. George H

Sprague. Rev. William B

.Sprole, Rev. William T., D. D .

Squires. Major Alvin

Squires. Capt. George B

Stanhope. Capt. O.S

Skidmore Mercantile Co 191

Skidmore. Thomas H 125. 170. 191. SOI

Stansbury, Rev. A. I

Skidmore, Thomas H & Son

301

Stanbrough, John

207,

Slade, George W

. .281. 282

Stanbrough, John B

Sleight. Solomon

Stanbrough, Peter

Sloan. Moses

282

Stanbrough. Thomas G .

Sloan. J. T

. . .. 328

Stanton.

Sloat.J.C

IJO

Stanton. Clark & Co

■V.'.'.'.'.V.2Ce'.265.

Sloat, JohnL

Stanton. Curtis

Sly. Catharine

140

Stanton. Isaac

Sly.SarahE

154

Stanton. Samuel

249,

Small. Rev. J. B

129

Stapler.

Smiley. William E

. 179, ISO

Staples. John A

Smith.

:j2t)

St. Clair.

Smith, Ale-xander & Sons

35:!

St. Clair, Maj.Gen'l

'.''.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'Z.'.k

Smith. A. C

. 145. 191

St. John. Daniel

Smith. Capt. Alexis C

St. John. Hon. Daniel B..

...in, 173, 174,

Smith. Alfred C. & Co

312

St. John. Miss R.M

Smith. Arthur

St. John, Russell

Smith, Benjamin 22, 2

4.25.210

Stearns, Jirah

Smith, Charles Emory

181

Steel. Capt. Henry S

Sinil li, Cornelius

129

Steiner, Rev. J

Siiiltli, CffueliusC

172

Stephenson. Slattliew. M.

smith, C.& U.J

227

Sterling. Asa

smith, Daniel

...27.76

Sterling. James

Smith. Rev. Dnnlap

Sterling, Lord

Smith. E

329

Sterling, Richard

74,75,1

Smith. Edwin T 75,81

.238,242

Sterling, Hon. Robert....

74, 77, 78, 79, 84, I

Smith, Capt. Ed. M

172, .311

Smith, Ella

247

Sterrlt. L.S

160,:

Smith, F.B

S47

Stetson. George W

Smith, George K

242

Steuben. Baron

31,31.

Smith. Lieut. Col. George Monre . . .

Stevens. Bettina (Howe).,

Smith, Dr. Cilhprt

166

stev,.iis, E. Crfrry

191,198,:

Smltli!H,-..r>

•_>■,.

st,.v,.„., HalseyR

181.

. -.TJ

st.vrnsII.R. &Co

Smith, James 32.24. 95

Smith. John 46

Smith, Lewis M.42, 01, 70, 76, 79, 81, 81, 86, 105

1.30, 152, 167, 169, 175, 176, 235, 237, 238, 241,

242, 268, 334

Smith. Lewis M.. Jr 242

Smith. L.M. & Co 241.255

Smith. Lieut S5

Smith. M.C 323

Smith. Margaret 251

Smith, Rev. Marshall B 148

Smith, Major-General 55

Smith, Nathaniel D 242

Smith, UrvlUe M 74. 102. 105. 161. 169. 199,

Stewart. John

Stewart. Joseph

Stewart & Sayre

Stirling, Lord

Stirling (Lord), Major-General..

Stltt, Rev. B. H

Stivers, Hon. M. D

Stockbrldge. John

Stockbrldge, Ruth

Stocker, Edwaril 4C

Stocker. William

PERSONAL INDEX

stock

ton. Richard

193

Thompson. William. Sr

139

Van Cleft. Edwina Storey (Smith)

209

Waring, Phebe A. (Moffat)

Stone, M. C, M. D

SO. I2n

Thompson. Williiun

133

Van Cleft. Joseph

. . 189. 203

Warner. Capt. Joseph

Stover,

»><

Thomson. Hon. A. .1

Vau Cleft. Josephine Storey

0119

Waruock.

Storey, Judge

Thomson. Prof. Williaiii li

220

Van Cleft. Lewis A

309

Warreu.

131

Storey, Jonas

!5S

Thorne.Edwin

307

Vau Dalfseu. James T 97. 105. l:

il. 189. 311

Warren. William E

143,144

Strachan, J.H.R

Thornton. Helena(DeWitti

166

Vauderbilt. Commodore

Warren! WllUam L. F

171,321

Strachan, James S

Thornton. Hon. Howard. .. .45. lU

1. 166. 160,

Vanderbllt. William H

Walsh. Catherine (Armstrong)

210

strachan, WiUiamG....

1?3. 176

Vanderveer. Rev. Dauiel

12-i

Walsh. Dr.C.J

Strahan, James L

IfiO

Thornton. Jlrs. Howard

166

Vanderveer. Rev. F. H

131

Walsh. E. A

190

strahan & McClung

160

Thornton, John

166

Vanduzer. Christopher

106

Walsh. Edith J

101

Strattou, Charles

144

Thornton, Matthew

166

Van Duzer. Florence

101

Walsh. Elizaljeth(L(c vVitu,,,,

210

stratton, J. Wllsou

147

Thornton, Genl. William A

166

VauDuzer.S. R

...108, 153

Walsh. Henry

121

Straw. Mary (Phalen)...

20(>

Thorpe, Mrs. Curtis M

200

VanDyck. Henry H

177

Walsh. Hugh 3T.l,>iM.>

1.310.293.294

Straw, Dr.L.S

181,206.207,328

Thurston, Daniel

Van Etteu. Sol

46,77

Walsh, J. De Witt

..ITl. 173. 310

Strong, Albert H

125

Tice,

329

Van Gaasbeck. Rev. D. W. C

145

Walsh. John H

310

Stroud, Capt. John D . . . .

Tice, Charles W

Van Nest. Rev. Abraham R.. Jr. .

135

Walsh.JohnJ

107

Stubbs, Rev. Nathaniel .

128

Tidd.Jonas

Van Nort, Benj. W

280

Walsh. Matthew

Sutherland, George

143

TifFany& Co

324

Van Nort, John F

,84. 86, 307

Walsh, William

11*;. 171

Sutton, Caleb

Tiffany, Capt. Lyman

Van Orsdall, James

101

Walsh. Rev. William

..149,1.30,210

Sutton, D. A

329

Tilden, SamuelJ

174

Van Reed, Capt. N. E

Washburn. Rev

149

Swain. Charles R

Tiltord, James A

288

Van Sclver. W. H

Washburn, Crosby Co

300, .101

Sweeney. Senan L., M. D

86,155

Tilghman. Colonel

Van Tassell, Louis H

Washington. George. . .24, 28, 29,

, 30, 31, 36, 37.

Sweet, Clayton E

126. 173. 191. 270. 278

Tilton. Enoch E

Van Wyck, Hon. Charles H

77. 160, 206

40.41,42.41.48.51,53, 55,56,

113, 127, 193,

Sweet. Clinton W

2711.279

Titus. Charles T

Van Zandt, Rev. A. B

131

194. 199. 314

Sweet, Orr & Co. .53. 191, 270. 271, 272. 273. 274.

Todd, James

..14:). 176

Vaux,

Washington. Rev. John

128

276, 27fi. 277. 27S. 2SII

Tole. Rev. William H

330

Vaux, Withers & Co

173

Washington. Martha 24, 35, 36, 38, 44

Sweetzer. J. Howard

268

Toohey. John

249

Vechten, Rev. Mr

131

Waters, Capt. Charles E

.Swift. Col

Toohey.JohnP

. . . . 76. 96

Veitch, George

118

Waters, John H

138,172

Swift. Horatio N

238. 268

Toohey. Sarah E

249

Vermllyea. William M

1-1

Waters, Thomas

Syme. Dr. James

■«;

Topping, Alanson O

Vernol. Isaac

125

Watklns.E.W

151

Symington, Rev. Dr

123

Toshack, David

Vernol. Lewis

139

Watkins. Hezeklah

19, 22

Taft. Elizabeth G

243

Townsend, Hon. Amos

Vernol, Lewis C

....75, 76

Watson. Capt. William L

Taggart, Archibald

121, 185

Townsend, Mary Augusta (Clark).

Verplanck. B

328

Watts, Solomon

130

Taggart. James

Townsend, Dora M

101

Vcrplanck. Gulian C

Wattson, Rev. Lewis T

130

Taggart. James C

Townsend, George W 46. 166. 171

Verplanck. J. Delanc,\

145

Wayne. (Jeneral

83,34,50

Taggart. William G

Tallmadge, William

185. 280

145

Townsend, Isaiah

Townsend, James A

167

Verplanck. 31

Vetter. Dr. Theodore

328

Webber, Anna Elizabeth

105

Webber, Forson & Ross

Talmadge. W.T

Townsend, James A. & Co

292

VlUefranche. Major

Webber, Jacob

..'.'.'.'.■..18,19

Tamkln. George

136

Townsend, Lewis

138

Volck, Andries

....18. 19

Webster. Daniel

106,113

Tappan, Rev. John

128

Townsend, Peter

Volck, Anna Catharine

Webster Noah

192

Tappen. Justice

Townsend, T. Powell

Voltaire

118

Webster, Rev. William E

130,293

Tarbell, John P

101, 102

Townsend. Timothy

Von Panshin, Alexander

327

Weddle, Joseph

328

Tarbell. Luther L

Townsend. William

Vredenburgh, Levi

Weed. Charles G

171

Tarbell. William

Traphagen. Benjamin

220

Vroomau. Hon. John W

331

Weed, Daniel T

313

Tarrant, Rev. Henry....

150

Traphagen, Linda C

381

Wadsworth. Colonel

Weed, David

170

Taylor,

328

Traphagen. Uriah

133

Wait. Samuel

197

Weed, Deborah (Noyes)

170

Taylor. General

191

Traphagen. William D

330

Wait. Dr. Wesley

255

Weed. Elizabeth M. (Goodsell).

154,171

Taylor. President

194

Traver. Rev. Vau Ness

145

Wakeley. Rev. J. B

145

Weed. Ella

171

Taylor, A. R. &

293

Travis. Henry F

74. 76

Walker, J.H

Weed, Frank

171

Taylor, Daniel

Treinper. Jacol>

Walker. Major

Weed, Harvey

115, 151

TayIor,E. P

Trustee. Rev. Jacob

138

Wallace & Hemingway

:505

Weed. Jonathau N. . . . 74. 76. 1(«

1. no, 189. 191

Taylor. Florence

101

Tuck.EdwardA

130

Wallace. Rev. R. Howard

137

Weeden.

:H8. 3-39

Tayl"r, FredM

Tucker, John F 46,178.179

Wallace & Sweet

177

Weigand. Anna Catharine

Taylor, Mrs. Frederick M

2»4

Tudor. Henry

Walsworth, Rev. L. W

139

Weigand. Martiu

23. 25

Taylor. Hon. Grant B. . . .

160. US. 160, 191, 327

Tupper, Colonel

Waudel. Jacob

Weigand. Michael

18.23,66

Taylor. James W

61,76, 181

Turck, Isaac

Waudel. John

Weikert.Rev.S. A

150

Taylor. Estate of James.

191

Turner.Diah

-Jla

Wauds. Anna (Darby)

109

Welch. Capt. J. W

Taylor. Jonathan

176

Tm-ner, Rev. Edward

Wands. George M

109

Weller, Adeline (Crist)

211

Taylor. P. B.. Jr

125

Turner, E. S 69, 70. 151. 152. IS

(9. 314. 310

Wands, William S 105. 106. 1

(18. 109. 139

Weller.Abram

280

Taylor & June

.■i27

Turner & Sauford

. . . 152, 310

Wansley,

338

Weller, Alanson Y 136.17

3. 355, 294, 295

Teed, Oscar

236, 324

Turner. Shipp & Osborn

...191,310

Ward. Charles

325

Weller. Elizabeth (Galatlan). . .

211

Teed.S. F.,M.D

Turpin.Rev. N. H

129

Ward & Esmond

191

Weller, Frank S

209

Teller, James L

181

Tuthill, Daniel S

Ward, Capt. Q. S. L

WeUer.George

173, 210

Templeton, James F

7.3.80,121

Tuthill. W

324

Ward. Gilbert :

!24. 335. 336

Weller, George, Sr

311

Templeton, Jessie (McGregor) 80

Tweed, William

...140.176

Ward. Hank

3-33. 3-34, 339

Weller, George, Jr

211

Tennyck.

823

Tyler. Captain Bazaliel

278

Ward. Henry

....256,325

Weller, George S

79.152

TenEyck, J

;H3

Tyler, Lieut. G. W

Ward, Jeremiah

Weller, Hiram

TenEyck.T

323

Tyson. Major W. B

Ward, John

323

Weller, Mary (Dickerson)

211

Terpennlng, W. T

334

Udall. Hon. James

194

Ward. Joshua 355. 356. 33:5. :

r>4. 325. 326

Weller, T. A

305

Terry.G.L

Umpleby.J.F

329

Ward&Lary

287

Weller, William C

211

Terry. James W

101

Underhlll.G

339

Ward & Leonard

.97.387,388

Welling,

144

TerwiUiger, Aaron

139

Underhill, William I

Ward, Leonard & Co

,97. 387, 388

Wells, Albert

131

Terwilliger, Josephine. .

268

Updegrove, Mary Ann

266

Ward&Logan 69, 191, S

!86, 287, 288

Wells, C.F

Terwilljger, William W.

79.125

Upright. Elizabeth

202

Ward.LutherC

249

Wells, Edward

106

Terwilliger, Mrs. W.W..

156

Upright. Moses

140

Ward. Mackin & Co

62,287

Wells. Prof. Edward

7«

Thayer, Johns

105

Usher. George

Ward. Hou. Peter. . . .44. 45. 47, 75,

97, 105, 140,

Wells. John H

331

Theall. Joseph D

208

Usher & Templeton

141.161,181. 386.2.S7.28S

Wells.JohnW

-300.213

Theall.Loretta(Purdy).,

208

Vail. Walter

201

Ward, Rensselaer

Wells, Sarah

298

Theall, Thomas C

207

Vail. William

145

Ward. Col. Rodney C

Wentz, James M 54, IJ

18. 173. 173. 175

Theall, Mrs. Thomas C.

207

Valentine, Clara (Baldwin)

109

Ward. Stanton & Co. .2U(i. 347. SIS.

219,256.262

Wenzel. Gcwge C

75.80,268

Theall, William L

207

Valentine, James H

150

Ward, Thomas

22. iS6

Westcott. Rev. Isaiu-

130

Thomas, Rev . Jacob

128

Valentine. John H 105, l

06. 109, 150

Ward! Thomas L.. M. D

Westermau. Rev. James

146

Thomas, John W

Vallerie,

323

Ward, Warner E. L

Westervelt . Catharine (Gorham) 107

Thompson, Rev. Alexander R 141

Ward. William

...2,'. :H4

Westervelt. John L 105. 100. 107, 136

Thompson, Andrew

144

Ward, Rev. William

146

Westervelt, Kasparus van....

107

Thompson. Annie L

156

Van Benschoten,

329

Ward, William H

SS!

Westervelt, Lubbertse van. . . .

107

Thompson, Rev. Dewitt

B 145

VauBuren.Dr

Ward, William, Jr

Westlake, George

1»

Thompson, Rev. Henry .

Vau Buren. Jolm D

....69.105

WardeU,

3'29

Westlake, John

125

Thot

npson Ke^ J R

IJl. 139. 140

Vau Buren. President Martin

...199. 215

Wardrop, Smith ,4 C

Westlake, Theodore

139

Thot

npson James R Jr

101

Vau Buren. R

328

Wartord. Clarence O

1(11

Westlake, Walton

139

Thor

npson Right Rev J

oscphP 138.139

Vau Cleft. Alberta

309

Waring. Charles

:r3s

Weston. John

214

Tho.

npsOD M.. Joseph

P 139

Van Cleft. Alice

101

Waring, Cornelius L 4(;. T6.

KJi. ic,i. :ai

Weston. Justlue

215

Thoi

npson Mar\ Pranii

"slLawsoul 1411

Van Cleft. Augusta

209

Waring, Daniel S 69, 7.5, 76, 79. 1

Weston, Marv C. (Hornbeck). .

215

Thor

npson Riv N B

145

Vau Cleft. Bar(.'lay

209

176, 189, 190, 191, 242, 333. .334

Weston. Ralph

215

Thoi

..PS >„ \s

14(1

Van Cleft. Edwin L

209

Waring.M.V

Weston, Wilbur H

...176.191,214

PERSONAL INDEX.

Weygant, Col. Charles H 45,

105. 125, 181, 191
Weygant, Charlotte (Sackett). .
We.vgant. James

PAGE.

65, 66, 67, 75,

its

21s

I-ACIE.

Wilson.J.E

WiNon John M

PAGE.

329

Woolley, C.K.,M.D 8

Woolley. Margaret B. (Fithian),

Woolsey, Antoinette

Woolsey, Captain DC

PAGE.

Wiggins, William

u.-.

rkl 7S

Wilson, Kate A. (Todd)

Wilson. Moses

Wilson. Nlehol.is

Wilson, Tildon II

WIN T..^.I

Wiltsl,-, Arthur V

Wiltsle, G. Fred

Wiltsie, John R 1-

Winans, H. E., M. D

Winans, Lemuel J

214

105, 202

III. Til. 191

. -21, 123

176

il.-iiil. :;il. 3W

Wiley. William M 1

Wilkin S Oott

Willlanis.C.L

Williams, George A

Williams. Right Rev. Jolm .
Williams. Jonas

WiUi:,u:-.M,un,.l\,i:.nuhl\v

223

Woolsey, Margaret (Carter!. . . .
Woude. Rev. Henry H

198

Wheh,:,, l..l.r, N

«9

146

\\1U|-I..|H , .I..I1II

■■■■ 'J^

Wright, Alexander

].>j

\\ hl|i| 1 .1 .,-"'^"

Wright. Colonel

Wright. Col. W. W

Wright (William) Engine Work

Wright. FrankA

Wright. Harry

Wright, Jacob

wlmlV,-:^:,'.^'u.l :::::::

..-ill. :!15

297

■.s..Ki.T2. 109
69, 149

'^\'"" • ' ■'■"

' ■ ■ ■ Jl

Winchester. Col. Loeke W

ffi9

327

.... 177

Windom, Hon. William

Wines, Rev. CM

Winfleld. Hon. Charles H

Wlnfleld. Elias

Wi.se. Charles H

120

,...44,161, 181

177

121

243

\\ lute. .Mar^iu-t

■i\ hited, I^.iae W

Wright, Nicholas

Wright, Samuel

Wright, Wm. .191, 220. 232. 212, 21

Wright. William & Co

94,122

7,258. a™, 260
lee Ma-
1,242,247,255

237

. 257, 260, 264

, 172, 189, 191,

241

Whitehill Engine and Pictet
ehiueCo 63,2Si,23f

,... ,.',,,

101

' '245

Wiseman. J. Seott

4,1.125

Whitehill. Hugh 237

Withers. Frederick C

Wood,

Wood, AmosR

Wood, A. Stanley

111.144

W^ - II > 1 . 1

Wllli.,ln~. \V,ll,:i„i

Willis, Jaiues,

Willis, Nathaniel Parker

Willson, Rev. James R.. D. D.

177,2(10
WiLson.

loe

52,57,85

...122,123,159,

329

:C5

W" • . 1 - 1 . •

Whitehill. Robert. . .69, 74, 79, 98,

23.1. ■i!T,2:S, 242,247
Whitehill Smith&Co

wv^antiwimamjiiiii;::;;;;;

185

Wood, Isaac. Jr ;;. ii;. >a. 2

Wood, John A

Woo.l.MaryG

155

128

Wynkoop, Gitty

Xavier, Rev. Henry

Yates, Edmund

Wier, Capt. G. V

Wierman, Catharine

Wlerman, Mary

146

Young, Alexander

170

Wiggliia,LeTlO..M.D

Wiggins, Mary (Cornell)

Wood.WillkiiiiH

«I

125

Youngblood, G. W

WIN. .11, U.nvs. 11. II

Wilson. .Juiuit hail D..Jr

101

7(;. 213

101, 125

150

T«" ,„:is. Olive (Jillettl

WlBKta8.L.Y.,Sl. D

W 1- Willinn I

328

Woodsell,

128

Ziegen£uss,Rev.H.L

150

.^%^.

The Phototyi'KS, uk " Half- Tone " Ii.lustk.'VTIons,

in this book (with three exceptions)

were furnished by

THE MATTHEWS-XORTHRUP CO.,

Buffalo, N. Y.

^ ■■^^#^' '

A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE PAST,

The Palatines — The Story of the Glebe — Early Inhabitants— Building a City.

X the western bank of the Hudson, where it expands
into the beautiful bay at the northern portal of the
Highlands, is the thriving and historic city which is
our home. Five miles north the river hides its course
behind the Danskammer ; to the south its waters
wash the stony foot of old Storm King, and a little
farther on

" The moon looks down on old Cro' Nest
And mellows the shades on his shaggy breast."

Across the bay the Beacons stand sentinel, with pretty villages at
their feet; behind us stretch the green, billowy fields of Orange

spirit thus implanted is manifest in the people of the place to this
day.

The present city of Newburgh is included in lands purchased by
Governor Dongan, of New York, in 16S4, and convej'ed by patent
ten years later to Captain John Evans. This patent was annulled in
1699, and that portion of the lands now in whole or in part embraced
in the city limits \vas subsequently granted in ten separate parcels.
In the year 16SS, Louvois, the war minister of Louis XIV, in order
to cripple the enemies of France, gave orders for the devastation of
the Palatinate, a strip of territory on the middle Rhine, now included
in Bavaria, Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt, and the states of Rhenish
Prussia. The French generals, eager to prevent as much suffering

««=>■

■. "^'^---^W^

Mr^

V '--^

if^^jLAf-,, ■'

-" - .

^t::?!^-^*^!...--^

Ji . 1 . . . !

y^: . '"^S^':

• ^^

"VfTv -.T '.t^Si^H

' ' i

"•— "'JS.*

^^.-^■^

•^f:^-*"i^gi^.-^'^i

r-^^ _ *

1 1

Hj^^^^^^fe^c^^ "^^^B

■" "^

' "^fll^

t -a

ii^liS^ . .^

ik.

■ ^'H^^

^: :■

NEWBURGH BAY— LOOKING NORTH FROWl WASHINGTON HEIGHTS.

County, dotted with farm-houses and scarred by highways; here and
yonder a village; in the northwest the peaks of the Shawangunks
and Catskills outlined against the sky.

Where now the city sits on her several terraces the Waoraneck
(or Murderer's Creek) Indians had their dominion; on the northern
spur of the Schunemunk was their stronghold, on the Danskammer
they assembled to supplicate the Great Spirit. The first white settlers
of these parts were French Huguenots, Scotch Presbyterians, and
German husbandmen from the Rhine. Driven from the Old World
by religious persecution they came to the New, and here, on and near
the banks of the Hudson, they made a home and worshipped the
omnipresent God as their conscience moved them. The deep religious

as possible, gave the people warning of the fate awaiting them.
Quickly gathering such things as they could carry, the disconsolate
Germans fled for their lives, and wandered about Europe for some
years seeking a new home. A party of them went to England, in
1 70S, and the English Government, which had been for a long time
debating the wisdom of collecting the poor outcasts from the Palati-
nate and sending them to America as colonists, concluded to send
this party to the banks of the Hudson. Queen Anne, greatly inter-
ested in the fugitives, herself bore the expense of their passage to
New York, where they landed in the winter of 1708-9. They were
sent to the vicinity of Quassaick Creek, and ten years later a patent
was issued to them by the Government for 2,190 acres of land, ex-

[■7]

NEWBURGH

tending along the river-front from the Quassaick to a little stream
near the Balmville Tree, and westward to about the present line «i
West Street. They were all followers of Luther and members of the
Lutheran Church.

NEWBURGH CEXSUS FOR ]7()9.

list of the families originally constituting this

ife, Anna

The following
pioneer company:

1. JOSHU.\ KocKERTH.\L, minister, aged 39; his wife, Sibyle Charlotte,
their children, three in number.

2. LORENTZ SCHWISSER, husbandman and vii
Catharine, and their child, aged 8 years.

3. HeinRICH RENN-\U, stocking-maker and husbandman, aged 24; his wife,
Johanna, and their two children, and two sisters of his wife, Susanna and
Maria Johanna Liboschain, aged 15 and 10 respectively.

4. AXDRIES VOLCK, husbandman and viner, aged 30; his wife, Anna
Catharine, and their tour children.

5. MiCH-iEL Weig.\nd, husbandman, aged 52; his wife, Anna Catharine, and
their three children.

to assist them. The government made them a trifling allowance of
" gd. a day per head," and in the spring of 1710 sent them
tools and building material, also iron and steel for horseshoes,
nails, etc., medicines, books, paper, agricultural implements, horses,
cows and pigs. The Surveyor-general of the province was directed
to lay out farms for them, but the first sur\-ey (in 1714) was not satis-
factory to the settlers, who represented that the land being ' ' all up-
land" they were not able to obtain subsistence for themselves and
families " for want of some meadow land for fodder for their cattle in
winter." Finally the tract was diN-ided into nine lots, which were
numbered from one to nine, each lot containing a suitable quantity
for each family, to which they were apportioned.

Before the final allotment changes occurred in the original
company; some had died, and others had moved elsewhere, and in ap-
portioning the lands these changes were recognized. The patent
was finally issued Dec. iS, 1719, and the settlement was called "The
Palatine Parish by Quassaick." By the terms of the patent, forty
acres were reserved for highways, and five hundred acres for a

NEWBURGH— LOOKING

, aged 30; hi;

■ite.j

I Elizabeth,

i theii

7. JOH.iXNES J.^iCOB Plettel, aged 40, husbandman and viner; his wife,
Anna Elizabeth, and their three children. [Mr. Plettel died on the passage
to America, and his widow married George Lockstead, who arrived afterwards.]

8. JoH.\x.\ES Fischer, smith and husbandman, aged 27; his wife, Maria
Barbara, ami their son, aged 2 weeks.

9. Melcihor Gui.ch, carpenter, aged 39; his wife, Anna Catharine, and their
two children.

loi Isaac Turck, husbandman, aged 23, unmarried.

It. Pi: lER Rose (or La Ross), cloth-weaver, aged 34; and his wife, Johanna,
Mary Wierman, his mother-in-law, and Catharine, her child, aged 2.

12. Isaac Feber, husbandman and viner, aged 33; his wife, Catharine, and
their son Abram, aged 2.

13. Daxiel Fiere, husbandman, aged 32; his wife, Anna Maria, and their
two children.

14. Herman Schuneman, clerk, aged 28, unmarried.

They were fifty-three in numbe
brought nothing with them, and

, all in abject i)overty. They
left behind no friends able

Glebe. The first roads laid out were the King's Highway (now
Liberty Street), exteniiing north and south entirely across the patent,
and another running westward from the river (now known as
Broadway); but the latter was not opened till many years later. The
Glebe is bounded by South Street on the south, and North Street on
the north.

In apportioning the land George Lockstead and family received 250
acres bordering on Quassaick Creek. He had married the widow of
Johannes Jacob Plettel. Michael AVeigand and family received 250
acres adjoining on the north, which included the present Washington
Headquarters building. Herman Schuneman and wife received 100
acres l\-ing between Washington Street and Broadway. Christian
Henricke had 100 acres between Broadway and First Street, which is
the tract referred to hereafter as being the first to bear the name of
"Ncwburgh." The Rev. Joshua Kockerthal having died, his widow
and children received 250 acres between First and South Streets.
Burger Meynders, a blacksmith from Kingston, purchased the interest
of Peter Rose, and received 100 acres on the north side of North

NEWBURGH

street. Jacob Webber, Johannes Fischer and Andries Volck received
Lots 7, S and 9 respectively; and Melchior Gulch and Peter Johnson
had previously received (October, 1719,) 300 acres each, lying north of
the principal tract, in the district now called Jliddlehope.

Andries Volck and Jacob Webber were the first Trustees of the
Glebe, charged with administering its affairs for the benefit and
behoof of a Lutheran minister, for which purpose it was to be leased
in whole or in parcels for terms not longer than seven years, and to
be subject to the annual payment to the provincial authorities of one
peppercorn. A minister from New York made annual visits to the
parish until 1723, and after 1725 his successor made semi-annual
visits.

In the year 1733 Michael Christian Knoll was appointed a minister
at Quassaick Creek, Wappingers' Creek and Hackensack. He served
in the Parish of Quassaick three times each year, receiving thirty
"cheeples" of wheat annually. During his term of service the
Palatines erected the church afterwards known as the Glebe school-
house. It stood in the burial-ground in Liberty Street, and its site

to the eastern portion of the plot between First Street and Broadway,
which had been sold by Christian Henricke to Governor William
Burnet, from whom it was purchased by Cadwallader Golden and
others, comprising a company, and laid out in town lots, about 1730,
and given the name of the Town of Newburgh Plot, which sub-
sequently became a considerable hamlet.

Not only did the new-comers change the civil institutions of the
settlement, but the religious complexion as well. In 1747, outnum-
bering the Lutherans, they elected Alexander Golden and Richard
Albertson trustees of the Glebe, and the latter immediately pre-
pared to open the church to the ministers of the Church of
England, one of whom, the Rev. Hezekiah Watkins, being
even then stationed in the district. On the Sabbath when
they held their first service in the building some went armed
with swords and sticks. The Lutheran minister and his flock ap-
peared at the door and made a public protest, afterwards retiring to
a private house near by to hold their service. Tradition says the
Lutherans attempted a forcible ejectment of the occupants, and in the

FROM FISHK

is now marked by four posts. Its dimensions, it is said, were
about twenty (?) feet square, with a roof extending up four sides to a
little cupola, where hung the bell, the gift of Queen Anne. With
regard to this bell an aged resident now dead wrote: "It was the
smartest little bell I ever heard; you could hear it ring clear down to
Murderer's Creek." The house was of very primitive construction;
flooring and chimney it had none, save an aperture in the roof through
which the smoke ascended.

A CHANGE OF ADMINLSTRATION.

Some of the settlers, lured by promises of better lands, and more
intimate association with those of their own nationality, sold their
farms and moved away; others were laid at rest in the old churchyard,
and the settlement attracted new-comers, who gradually became
more numerous than the remnant of the original settlers, till from a
German settlement the place had passed, in 1743, almost wholly under
the control of the Scotch-English, and been rechristened with the
Scotch name of "Newburgh," which at first, however, applied only

skirmish the door of the church was torn from its hinges, and one
stalwart Lutheran (said to have been Burger Meynders), was buried
beneath it as it fell. He escaped with few bruises, and his brave but
outnumbered companions retreated with woeful countenances from
the house of prayer they had erected.

In 1749 a decision of the council of the provinces refusing to set
aside the election and the acts of the Trustees, practically put an end
to the Lutheran parish by Quassaick.

The little bell was taken by night from the cupola and hidden in a
swamp, where it remained for a number of years. It was again con-
cealed during the Revolution, and when peace came it was hung m
the old Academy and used at the assembly of coiu-ts there, as well as
for church and school purposes. In 1S33 it was sold by the Trustees
for $21.75, in exchange for the bell now in use.*

vhich I have

The old bell weighed 116 pounds, and s<
which I find, that even the freight charge
Rutlcnher.

rhich purports to be the old Glebe bell,
juch, but which I find to be an error.
precise are the details of an account
on it to New York is given.'-jF. M.

NEWBURGH.

NEWBURGH

NEWBURGH DIRECTORY FOR IT.JU.

In 1750 the resident
ing:

Richard Albertson,
Joseph Albertson,
Duncan Alexander,
Isaac Belknap,
Abel Belknap,
Henry Bend,
Isaac Brown, M. D.,
Thomas Brown,
Alex. Brower,
Alex. Colden,
David Conner,
Edmund Conklin, jr.
James Denton,
Samuel Denton,

real estate and leaseholders were the foUow-

Jonas Denton,
Michael Dermott,
Henry Don,
Jlorris Fowler,
Nathan Furman,
Jonathan Hasbrouck,
Caklass Leveridge,
WiUiam Mitchell,
Robt. Morrison, M.D.,
WilUam Miller,
Patrick McCary,
Charles McCary,
John Morrell,
Thomas Morrell,
William Smith,

James Smith,
Thaddeus Smith,
Henry Smith,
Samuel Sands,
Daniel Thurston,
Jonas Tidd,
Martin Weigand,
Thomas Waters,
William Ward,
WiUiam Ward, jr
Thomas Ward,
Jeremiah Ward,
Jacob Wandel,
John Wandel.

The new-comers were mainly members of the English Church.
Happily, they were energetic, enterprising and intelligent people.

corner of Broad and Liberty Streets, but afterwards moved to
Liberty Street opposite Gidney Avenue. Isaac Belknap lived near
where is now the junction of Colden and Water Streets, and sailed a
sloop; Richard Albertson was the sheriff of the county (then Ulster).
The Wards were of Palatine stock by inter-marriage, and ancestors
of the famous oarsmen, the Ward brothers. The farm h"ing between
First Street and South was purchased from the widow and family of
Joshua Kockerthal by James Smith, and eventually descended t' •
Benjamin Smith, except a piece in the southeast corner now covercl
in part by " the Square," which was sold to Alexander Colden.

In 1752 a new patent was issued by the Government, and the
Glebe lands of " The Parish of Quassaick" were formally transferred
to Alexander Colden and Richard Albertson, under the title of " The
Parish of Newburgh," to hold the benefice for the support of a minis-
ter of the Church of England and a school-master. One of the first
acts of the new Trustees was to lay out streets through the Glebe,
namely. South, Clinton, Broad, NicoUs and North, running east and
west; and Water, Hasbrouck (now Jlontgomery), Seckond (now
Grand), and Kings (now Liberty), extending between North and
South Streets, and two unnamed streets extending between Broad
and North, west of Liberty. South, Broad, Nicoll and North

L&5L.

MEWBURGH-FROM

HE RIVER NEAR SOUT

and their acquisition was most favorable to the growth of the place.
Alexander Colden was a son of Lieut.-Gov. Colden, of Coldenham;
he had been a resident for several years. In 1743 he obtained the
charter for the Newburgh ferry, by virtue of which the privilege
is still held. Sail and rowboats were used for the purpose of ferriage,
and the landing-place was at the foot of First Street. He erected a
grist mill on the site now occupied by the Newburgh Bleachery, and
sailed a sloop to New York from his dock at the foot of First Street.
Monathan Hasbrouck was from the Huguenot settlement at New
Paltz, and had acquired the possession of a large tract of land, part
of which is now the Headquarters property. He erected the historic
building in several parts at different times, .and purchased and
managed the Colden grist mill. James Denton erected a grist mill at
Denton's Creek, south of Balmville, and had also a small store.
Duncan Alexander was the brother of William Alexander, familiarly
known in the histor)' of the Revolution as Lord Sterling. John
Morrell, Doctor Jlorrison, William Ward, Henry Bend and Joseph
Albertson lived on the east side of Liberty Street, north of South ;
Henry Don lived on the northeast corner of South and Grand
Streets; WilUam Ward, jr., lived on the cast side of Montgomery
Street, north of Clinton; Martin Weigand tlien had a tavern at the

were laid out on the map to the western limits of the Glebe, and
Clinton only as far west as Liberty, South, Broad and North Streets
were each two chains wide, and the others each one chain. The land
was also divided into lots, of one acre each, making six lots in each
square.

The trustees also established a public landing at the foot of North
Street, held agricultural fairs, took temporal charge of the church,
erected a parsonage, and a residence and schoolhouse combined for
the school-master, and did other ennobling work which contributed to
the growth and prosperity of the place. The parsonage stood on the
■'west side of the King's Highway (Liberty Street),^" north of Gidney
"^Avenue. It had a single story and attic and a portico, and was about
thirty-five feet square. There Hezckiah Watkins, the first resident
English clergyman, lived. It eventually became a tenement house.
The school-master's house was also on the west side of Liberty Street
near CHnton.

In 1762 Newburgh was set off from the precinct of the Highlands,
and made a precinct by itself. The records of the town of New-
burgh date from the following year, when the citizens met at the
house of Jonathan Hasbrouck (Washington's Headquarters), and
elected the precinct officials. Newburgh then included the present

NEWBURGH

towns of Marlborough and Plattekill, which ten years later were in-
corporated as the Town of New Marlborough, leaving Newburgh
with its present bounds.

The hamlet on the Glebe in 1776 comprised less than a score
of houses. Three boats owned in the town made trips to New
York, and "people from the back parts of the country" brought
their produce to Newburgh for shipment. The first tavern was
erected by Martin Wygant (or Weigand), a grandson of Michael
Weigand, one of the original settlers, on the north side of Broad
Street, near Liberty. During one period of the Revolution General
Wajme had his headquarters at Martin Weigand's house, then on
Liberty Street, opposite Gidney Avenue, and there, also, the towns-
people often met to transact public business.

Many miUs were built on the creeks in the vicinity — on Quassaick
Creek, Tent Stone ileadow Creek and Fostertown Creek, among
others. Hamlets grew up near these mills, and at some places there

1775) in the southern district of Ulster County, of which Jonathan
Hasbrouck, of Newburgh, was Colonel^ Two companies were
organized for this regiment in Newburgh, the first commanded by
Samuel Clark and the second by Arthur Smith. In December follow-
ing a regiment of minute men was organized with Thomas Palmer,
of Newburgh, as Colonel. In the Summer of 1776 the convention di-
rected the general committee of the county to organize three companies
{201 men) of rangers, to be employed ' ' as scouting parties to range the

, woods " and prevent attacks by the Indians. Of one of the compa-
nies Isaac Belknap, of Newburgh, was appointed captain. In addition

-to these regiments and companies, the committee of safety was
constantly engaged in promoting enlistments. Even the aged were
not exempt from duty, and "those who under ordinary circumstances
would be exempts," were asked (in 1778) to form companies to repel
invasions and suppress insurrections; and a company of that kind was
formed, of which Samuel Edmonds was captain. Martin Weigand's

NEWBURGH FROM THE RIVER NEAR FIFTH STREET.

was a smith's shop, and, also, that Noah's ark of commerce, a
country store. The poprdation at Balmville became fully as large as
that on the Glebe.

The results of all these years of pioneer labor were exhibited in
many well cultivated farms, and in the substantial dwellings that had
supplanted the rude log cabins. The lumber business of the town
became important, and large quantities of ship-timber, planks and
staves were forwarded to market, the pubhc landing at North Street
being almost exclusively used for this purpose. Shipyards were
established, and Newburgh ships engaged in the Liverpool trade,
smaller vessels running to points on the coast and to the West In-
dies. In colonial days Newburgh was also a whaling town of some
importance.

THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD.

Newburgh's historic record is indissolubly bound up with that of
the great struggle for freedom from foreign dominion, and the city
has within its limits relics and memories of those times when the
terrors of the war tried men's souls to the uttermost, and when the
village acquired a distinction that will cling as long as the nation
shall endure. The Precinct of Newburgh had its own com-
mittee of safety, responsible at first to the general committee at the
City of New York, and subsequently recognized by the provincial
committee of safety, and invested with the control of the minute men
and the duties of local administration. A regiment was formed (June,

regiment " upon

tavern was the rendezvous for Colonel Hasbrouck';
any proper alarm."

How frequently the militia of Newburgh was called out is shown
by the following return made of the service of Colonel Hasbrouck's
regiment :

t Ramapo . . .

July,
Aug.

1776. .Alarm and

1777-.

at Fort Montgomery.

Peekskill 250 •'

; Fort Montgomery. .460 "

at Fort Constitution.. 200 " ..1
at Burning of Esopus. 460 '* ..3

at New Windsor 120 " ..4

April, 1778.. " " at West Point 420 " .,

A depot of stores, which was established in the precinct in 1777,
was maintained until peace came, the people often being called upon
to collect the stores needed by the army, and to transport them to
other points; the place was made a general rendezvous for troops, and
the billeting of soldiers on the inhabitants was of frequent occurrence.
It is true that the precinct escaped direct devastation by the British ;
even the vessels of the Crown did but little injury when they
voyaged up the Hudson in the fall of 1777, but manj' of the men
of the neighborhood were killed or taken prisoners in the gallant,
though hopeless, defense of the forts in the Highlands.

NEWBURGH.

In those days Newburgh had but few opened streets, the principal
one being the King's Highway, along which were scattered a few
odd-looking brown houses, the old church, the parsonage and
schoolhouse. Broad Street extended only a short distance below
Grand. jThe road to the ferry ran across Jonathan Hasbrouck's farm
and the Colden plot, from Hasbrouck's grist mill on Quassaick Creek,
to near the corner of Qolden and First Streets, and then circled around
the hill to the river. )There was a public dock there. When the
army came the lower'part of the Smith farm was occupied by store-
houses and barracks for soldiers. (These buildings were used after
the war for business purposes.) The Colden road was then extended
to where is now Third Street. After the extension of this road the
ferry ran from a place immediately north of where Mailler's dock now
is. The Government built a dock, in the early part of the war, at the
foot of Third Street (and subsequently another at Fourth Street), and
a road was laid out from the docks and arm}' buildings diagonally up
the hill to a junction with South Street, about opposite where is now
the First Baptist Church. Water Street was not completely opened
till the Newburgh and Sullivan turnpike was established.

There were seventeen houses in all on the Glebe (since known as
" Old Town"), and four at Colden's Gore, the name given to the inter-

was killed. Except as prisoners, no British soldiers were seen in the
vicinity afterward.

r One who was a resident of the village during the war left on
Vecord the following : " The appearance of General Washington was
familiar to me. He seemed different from anyone else. He was of
a commanding form, and had a kind, calm and majestic countenance ;
a splendid rider, and we boys reverenced him, and extended a due
share of our respect to his horse and servant Will, a handsome
black, somewhat in years. The General rode a bay horse, and his
servant rode behind on a brown horse. Mrs. Washington was short
and stout. I thought she was homely and could never have been a
handsome woman. The Headquarters house had a post and rail
fence around it, and an orchard on the west side ; a large barn and
monstrous hay barracks stood southwest of the house. The Life
Guards used to parade in the dooryard west of the house : they were
a fine body of men, every one six feet and over in height. "J

The Charter of the Glebe was complied with down to 1793, the
Protestant Episcopal Church having been recognized as the legal re-
cipient of the benefits of the Glebe. Probably the succession of the
Protestant Episcopal Church would have continued to the present
time had not that church ceased to exist on the German patent.

NEWBURGH^FROM THE RIVER NEAR THIRD STREET.

section of Water and Colden Streets, one of these being Capt. Isaac
Belknap's and another Alex. Colden's, At the south end of the ICing's
Highway was the Hasbrouck house^) James Smith had a residence
in Smith Street, east side, near Second. Benjamin Smith, who became
the owner of the Smith farm (lying between First and South Streets),
lived in Liberty Street, corner of Campbell. The hillsides were cov-
ered with orchards. A strip of land along the river from Barclay
Street to North was called the Dismal Swamp, and was covered
with a dense and unbroken thicket. Ship-building was an important
industry before and after the war.

During the Revolution the life and drum were heard almost con-
stantly in the streets. When the British sailed up the river to burn
Kingston, after the capture of the forts in the Highlands, October 6,
1777, Newburgh people hid their valuables in the woods. Almost
all the male portion of the population had gone to the defense of the
forts. The approach of the fleet was made known by the kindling of
fires on the mountain tops. Here and there independent bodies of
men assembled on the shore, and fired at the ships as they passed.
Many shots were fired at the village, and the women and children
hid in the cellars. On the 23d the ships passed down the river, and
again fired on the village. One man on the ferryboat (a periagua)

From 1793 to 1S15 there was no regular minister, and nothing but a
temporary church organization.

The absence of a legal ecclesiastical beneficiarj', and other reasons,
led the inhabitants in 1S03 to obtain a legislative enactment provid-
ing that the income of the Glebe be divided between the Newburgh
Academy and such other schools as then existed, or might thereafter
exist, on the Glebe. In 1S05 an effort was made in the courts to
regain the land, but it failed.

Created and endowed by the English Government long before the
conception of independence, or the establishment of our system of
titles to lands, preserved inviolate by the laws of the colony and con-
stitution of the State, the Glebe instituted an Academy which
served this community nearly a century, and in 1886, by the consoli-
dation of its capital and conversion of its leases, it paid nearly half of
the cost of the new Academy building. In 18S4 an act of the Leg^is-
lature was passed authorizing the trustees, on certain payments
being made, to commute the rents and release the property from
further charge; and the original tract has all been released with the
exception of a comparatively few lots.

An old gentleman, born in Newburgh before the Revolution, left the
following reminiscence : ' ' The old story of the seizure of the Palatine

NEWBURGH

Church, and carrying oflf the bell,
years ago. It was always said it

heard repeated a great many
as Burger JMeynders who was
buried under the falling door during the fracas. /Meynders then own-
ed the Headquarters property, and I always untierstood he built the
oldest part of the houss-J< The church was used as a blacksmith-shop
by Morgan Cole before it was fitted up as a schoolhouse. Once
during the war soldiers stabled their horses in it. After the war
Martin Weigand, who had a deep regard for the old church, suggest-
ed that it be repaired. The project was agreed to by others, and
the repairs were made. After that the Methodists, and preachers of
other denominations, conducted services there."

" 'Twas a low t)uilding reared by pious hands

'Midst the deep foliage of the darksome wood;

Poor was its state, and many years had told
Their passing seasons o'er its humble roof;
Relentless time had grasped the lowly gate,

And crumbling dust bespoke its fearful might.

The mouldering doorway and the falling walls,
The creaking pulpit and its aged cloth.
The glassless frames, the time-worn sacred book.

The worn-out seats, and the cold, forsaken aisle.

Seemed in the dimness of the evening shade
The fearful relics of departed years.
Untouched of earth and sacred made to Heaven."

LAYING OUT THE CITY.
Notwithstanding the hardships and sacrifices imposed on the
people by the war, the growth of the town was rapid both during

Newburgh plot had been opened by Cadwallader Colden previous to
1730, and was located between First Street and what is now Broad-
way (though the latter street was not opened till 1801). It was the
first plot to bear the name of Newburgh.

Until 1790 the village was a disjointed settlement. The three
township plots of which it was composed had no connection, except
through Liberty Street and a few " cross-lot" roads. South, North,
Nicoll, Clinton, Water, Montgomeiy and Grand (on the Glebe)
existed mainly on paper; while High Street and the road described
as running diagonally across the plot, were, (with the exception of
Liberty Street) the only opened roads in the Town of Newburgh
plot. None of the lateral streets intersected each other till 1790,
when the road commissioners accepted the dedications that had been
made, and took the task in hand of joining together the streets of the
three distinct original divisions of the present city. An angle was
unavoidably formed in Water Street at the junction of Colden, at
High and Smith, and at Montgomery and Hasbrouck (now called
Hudson Terrace), and the citizens thus have a perpetual memorial of
the Township of Newburgh, the Township of Washington and the
Glebe. South Street, the dividing line between the Glebe and the
Township of Washington, was originally laid out from the river
directly west to the west bounds of the patent, and was at first
opened from Liberty Street to the river. West of Liberty Street its
course was subsequently changed, by order of the trustees, because
the western end, as originally laid out, " running through wet ground
and over a high hill" was "impracticable," and it was agreed to

THE

IGHLANDS— FROM NEAR DOWNING PARK,

and immediately after that period. With the disbandment of the
army the precinct received an increase of population, some of those
who at last laid down the sword resuming civil pursuits here. There
was also a considerable addition of families who had fled from New
York City upon its capture by the British. Hitherto New Windsor
(through the Ellisons) had mainly absorbed the commercial business
of the district. In 17S2 Benjamin Smith laid out in streets and lots
that part of his farm lying east of Montgomery Street, and between
First and South Streets. The streets were named Montgomery,
Smith and Water, and First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and
South. To this plot he gave the name of the Township of Wash-
ington, But it was never popularly known by that name, and if so
the name is now lost and forgotten, and is only found on the original
map and the few old deeds that continue to retain the record of its
birth and death.

These lots were rapidly taken up, as well as the adjoining lots on
the Glebe, and in the Township of Newburgh. The " Old Town " of

allow the road to follow the course now known as Gidney Avenue
' ' from opposite JIartin Weigand's to the northward of a piece of
swamp land adjoining said high hills."

In 1790 the population of the town was 2,365. In 1797 the village
had grown so large that it was considered advisable to organize a fire
department, and for this purpose a law was passed by the Legislature
directing the election of Trustees of the Fire Company of the Village
of Newburgh. The limits of the village defined by this act included
that portion of the original patent south of an east and west line
running six rods north of the Academy, and east of Liberty Street.

Other events of the concluding years of the century were the
erection of the Academy, the founding of the first Presbyterian
church, the Methodist Episcopal classes in 17S6, and the Associate
Reformed in 1797. The first newspaper, the A'ewbiirg/i Packf/.
was published in 1795. The Newburgh post-office was established in
1705-

NEWBURGH

The village threw off the town title and was incorporated in iSoo,
being the third incorporated village in the State. Charles Clinton
was the first president. The next j'ear the Ne-wburgh and Cochecton
Turnpike Company was incorporated with a capital of $125,000.
Both were measures largely influencing the prosperity of the place —
the one giving local government, and the other, by opening a new
route of travel to the west, brought a trade which had previously
reached the Hudson at New Windsor. Up to that time all roads to
Xewburgh were of the character of cross roads.

The turnpike was of incalculable benefit to Newburgh, as it open-
ed an avenue of trade extending many miles into the interior, and
eventually by it the product of a vast region of country was brought
here for shipment to New York. The effect was magical. New
Windsor was speedily shorn of its supremacy and its merchants
removed their business to Newburgh. Within the next few years the
town made great strides in prosperity, and an unprecedented spirit of
public and private enterprise was manifested. Other roads followed —
the Newburgh and New Windsor in 1808, connecting at New Windsor

Newburgh's extensive trade with the interior of the State was
due to Its location on tide-water, and, consequently, its facilities
for shipping. It was the first shipping point of consequence on the
west bank of the river north of New York. The Highlands, Pali-
sades and other mountain ranges were a natural barrier to easy
access to the river south of Newburgh, and, as we have said before,
Newburgh was the natural outlet for the trade of a vast section of
country before the daj'S of railroads and canals. The transporta-
tion business was consequently the most important in the town.
Docks and storehouses lined the water-front. The first dock was
built about 1731 by the proprietors of the Town of Newburgh Plot,
and was afterwards known as Colden's dock. It was near the
foot of First Street. Colonel Jonathan Hasbrouck built a small dock
and storehouse, afterwards known as the Old Red Storehouse, on
his property just below the Headquarters, for the purpose of ship-
ping grain and receiving flour. During the Revolution the Conti-
nental Dock, at the foot of Third Street, was built for military pur-
poses. North of it was an enclosure for cattle and a slaughter-house,

DUBOIS STREET— LOOKING SOUTH FROM FIRST STREET.

with the turnpike to Monroe; the Newburgh and Sullivan County in
iSio, and the Newburgh and Plattekill in 1812. Water works were
built, docks erected, and new freighting and passenger lines estab-
lished. The Newburgh Bank commenced business, and many public
and private improvements were made.

In 1810 the population of the town of Newburgh was 4,627, an
increase of 1,369 in ten years, In 1814 the population of the 7'illagc
alone was 2,323.

As the new turnpikes were opened the trade of the village was
extended in many directions, and a very considerable portion of the
trade of the southern tier of counties of this State, and of northern
New Jersey and Pennsylvania, found here its natural mart.

In 1819 the trade had spread as far west as Canandaigua, with
which place Newburgh was connected by passenger coaches and
freight wagons. In that year a company, that was aided largely
by Newburgh capital, built on Cayuga Lake a steamboat, which con-
nected the Newburgh stage lines with Ithaca, the whole journey be-
ing made in two days. This line of travel was subsequently (in 1834),
extended to Buffalo, and was the shortest and most expeditious route
from the Hudson River to the Western country. From 1S20 to 1S30
the Newburgh Bank had a liranch in Ithaca.

etc. During the year that peace was proclaimed another was built
at the foot of Fourth Street, afterwards known as Oakley & Davis's,
also a storehouse for provisions for the army. After the close of the
war David Howell built a dock near the foot of Second Street. Then
came Walsh's dock, now Mailler's, and then the dock of Jacob and
Leonard Carpenter (now owned by The Homer Ramsdell Transporta-
tion Compan)-)- John Anderson built a dock south of Third Street,
and there were others. It would be impossible to locate the old docks
precisely from present landmarks. The army buildings appear to
have been the first storehouses. Many of the docks were west of
what is now Front Street (which was opened in 1S33), and the old
storehouses were nearly on the present east line of Water Street.
After the war Major Pettingale established what was called Pettin-
gale's Landing, near the foot of North Street, which was then a good
road. Large quantities of ship timber, staves and shingles were
sent off from this landing.

Major Isaac Belknap sailed a sloop prior to the Revolution from
Colden's Dock, and frequently made trips to the West Indies. Will-
iam Harding, Richard Buckingham and Lewis Clark sailed sloops
before the war. These vessels were frequently in the public service,
and just before the British sailed up the river they were sent to

NEWBURGH

Albany to carry troops to reinforce General Gates, and thus es-
caped destruction by the British men-of-war. They were built at
Albany, of red cedar, and after the Dutch model. During the Rev-
olution the boating business was of course suspended, and though
resumed at the close of the war, was not engaged in extensively till
after 1790.

As early as 179S there were four lines of sloops. Caleb Coffin
sailed George Gardner's sloop on alternate Fridays. Daniel Smith
and William Wilson, owners, Daniel Smith, master, sailed the sloop
Morning Star from Daniel Smith's dock on alternate Fridays.
John Anderson sailed the sloop Eliza on alternate Tuesdays. Derrick
Ammerman sailed the sloop Ceres, owned by Hugh Walsh, from
Hugh Walsh's dock. Until 1S30 the business was continued by
means of sloops. In 1S30 Mr. Christopher Reeve purchased the
steamer Baltimore, and a half interest was soon afterward sold to D.
Crawford & Co., the steamer making alternate trips from Reeve's
dock and from Crawford's. Benjamin Carpenter, not to be out-done,
had built at Low Point the same year a steamboat called the William
Young, which commenced its trips in September. Other freighters

when the streets leading to the docks were frequently blocked for
hours with farmers' loaded wagons, coming in long processions to
unload their contents on the wharves, and then to be re-laden with
supplies for the household and farm.

But the completion of the Erie Canal, diverted most of this
great trade through other channels, and on the night when the
waters of Lake Erie mingled with those of the Atlantic in the harbor
of New York, with beacon fires blazing on the headlands along the
Hudson, Newburgh rolled up and laid away its map of the Southern
Tier. Considerable travel by stage coach continued until the opening
of railroads through the center of the State, and a large trade remained
with the southeastern portion of this State, and neighboring portions
of New Jersey and Penns^dvania; but the Delaware & Hudson Canal
at length penetrated this region and cut off another source of wealth.
Efforts were made to repair the loss thus sustained by the organiza-
tion of a company to engage in whale fishing, and by endeavoring to
secure the establishment here of a government navy-ynTd. The
former enterprise, however, met with limited success, and the
proposal to establish a navv-yard did not receive the favor of the

GRAND STREET-LOOKING SOUTH FROM THIRD STREET.

immediately built or purchased steamboats. Oakley & Davis put
on their Une (in 1S32) the Providence, and D. Crawford & Co. (in 1833)
built the Washington, and after purchasing Mr. Reeve's interest in
the Baltimore, ran both boats. In 1S35 the Baltimore was put on the
Albany and Newburgh route. The Messrs. Reeve had in the mean-
time supplied the place of the Baltimore with the steamer Legislator.
The Washington was the best boat in the trade, and Mr. Carpenter
built in 1S35 the James Madison, a superior boat to the Washington;
she was the first beam-engine steamer in the trade. During the same
year Oakley & Davis changed the Providence for the Superior, and
Mr. Thomas Powell, who had been in retirement for several years,
now again entered the list of competitors and built the famous
steamer Highlander. The Thomas Powell was the best steamboat
built for the Newburgh trade, and was put on the route in 1846, leav-
ing Newburgh in the morning, and returning in the evening. On the
i6th of July of that year she made the trip from New York to New-
burgh m two hours and forty minutes actual running time.

The number of firms and vessels engaged in the transportation
business exhibits the magnitude of Newburgh's trade in those days,

Government. The construction of the Erie Railroad from Goshen to
Piermont, and its subsequent extension in other directions, took away
the last vestige of the ancient trade of Newburgh, and the old stage
coaches and the long lines of farmers' wagons, with their stores of
butter and pork, became but a memory.

But another change has come; a new era has dawned; the tidal
wave of prosperity that swept over the village a hundred years ago
has returned. The old turnpikes have been paralleled with railroads,
stretching to us from every direction; and the river, too, gives com-
munication with the Atlantic coast and all the world. Many manu-
factories are springing up within otir bounds, and the year 1S91 finds
us the most thriving city on the Hudson, with citizens full of the spirit
of public enterprise, with public institutions comparatively un-
equalled, and with apparently every factor and requisite to ensure its
bright future as a manufacturing and commercial city of importance.

NEWBURGH

3E0RGE WASHINGTON

HEADQUARTERS OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF
OF THE CONTINENTAL ARMY.

The Last Cantonment — Washington at New Windsor -The Public Build-
ing — No King But God — Mutiny Quelled — The Cincinnati —
Dissolution of the Army.

^ Sacred is this mansion hoary;

'Neath the roof-tree yeai's ago,
Dwelt the father of our glory,

He whose name appalled the foe ,
Greater honor

Home nor hearth can never know.

a commanding eminence on the west bank of the
Hudson, overlooking the beautiful bay of Newburgh,
and taking within its range all the grandeur of the
water and mountain scenery for which the region is
famed, there stands an ancient dwelling. It is a hal-
lowed place, a casket of precious memories, an impres-
sive orator.

Stand here on the old piazza, where Washington often sat in
meditation, and see yonder through the portal of the Highlands
West Point enthroned among the mountains, the Gibraltar of the
Revolution; Pollopel's Island, which during the latter part of the war
was a military prison, lifts its bald head out of the waters of the baj'
at your feet; the beacon summits of the mountains where the watch-
fires blazed, the camp grounds in the woods of New Windsor, the
sites of the public building, barracks, storehouses and hospital of
our army, the headquarters of the generals — all are within short
distances from this sacred spot, j

Under this low-descending roof Washington made his headquarters
and his family their home during the latter part of the war for
independence; and in and about this place were enacted scenes and
events of such vital and thrilling nature that the)' shall never be for-
gotten while love of country is a characteristic of American manhood.
At two periods previously the headquarters of the commander-in-
chief were at the little village of New Windsor, only two miles south.
Commencing with the campaign of 1777, the region in which are
West Point, Newburgh and Fishkill was an arena of almost constant
military activity. Fishkill village was long the principal depot of the
American army. There they placed their chief magazines,* their
hospitals and their workshops, which formed a town of themselves,
besides a military prison, and "handsome large barracks " built in the
wood at the foot of the mountain. It was clear that the plan of the
British was to render themselves masters of the whole course of the
Hudson River, thus separating the States east of it from those west,
and subdue each section in turn. West Point was, therefore, made
choice of as the most important place to fortify, and Fishkill, and
subsequently Newburgh also, on either side of the river, as the places

best adapted for the principal depots of supplies. A dock (called the
Continental Dock) was built for military purposes at Newburgh, and
in its neighborhood were some of the army buildings.

One who saw West Point in 17S0 wrote: " Lifting your eyes you
beheld on every side lofty summits thick set with redoubts and bat-
teries, and from the fort proper at West Point, which is on the edge
of the river, to the top of the mountain are six different forts, all in
the form of an amphitheatre, and protecting each other."

As an additional security, an iron chain of immense strength was
thrown across at the short bend of the river, and fixed to huge blocks
on each shore. It was buoyed up by very large logs, about six-
teen feet long, pointed at the ends to lessen their opposition to the
force of the current at flood and ebb tide. The logs were placed a
short distance from each other, the chain carried over them, and
made fast to each by staples.* There were also a number of anchors
dropped at proper distances, with cables made fast to the chain, to
give it greater stability. The New England colonies were the prin-
cipal source of the supplies and material for carrying on the war, and
as the British occupied New York and patrolled the Hudson up to
the Highlands, the ferry between Fishkill and Newburgh was the
connecting link between the two sections of country. Loaded teams
were constantly arriving at the former place, and when the army was
in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, were ferried across the river, and
took their tedious way back of the Highlands till they reached their
destination. This was the door of communication ; West Point was
the key that locked it, and of all the posts in the United States Wash-
ington deemed it the most important. From September, i77S,f until
the close of the war the " main " Continental army was almost con-
stantl)' in the Plighlands or in their vicinity.

On June 25, 1779, General AVashington estabHshed his head-
quarters at New Windsor village. He remained there till July 22,
and then took up his headquarters at West Point. The main army
was then posted at West Point, Constitution Island, Fishkill, New
Windsor, Ft. Montgomery, and Smith's Clove, fourteen miles south-
west of West Point. While at New Windsor Washington planned

. large qua;

s time, (January, 1782), nine or ten thousand stani
ty of powder, brought from France by Colonel
iost.m to Fishkill.' -Major-Gem-ral fh-ath's Mem

See Illustration on Page 31.

" The grand army under General Washii

NEWBURGH

the attack on Stony Point, which Waj-ne carried out so successfully.
He left West Point in November, spent the winter in Morristown,
and came again to New Windsor Dec. 6, 17S0.

Here he spent the wmter of i78o-'8i, near his stronghold, watching
through his secret service the doings of the British on the lower Hudson.
His headquarters were in the Thomas Ellison house, on the hill imme-
diately south of the village. The main army was separated into
several cantonments. There was a large force at W^est Point,
including four Massachusetts brigades; two Connecticut brigades
were on the opposite side of the river; there was another cantonment
" in the woods two miles in the rear of the works at West Point," and
another at Fishkill; a force of New Jersey troops was at Pompton,
two thousand Pennsylvania troops at Morristown, several New York
regiments at Albany, and other troops elsewhere.

Gen. Knox had his headquarters at the John Ellison house, at
Vail's Gate. LaFayette joined his commander at New Windsor, and

in Virginia, Heath forwarded to him supplies, principallv collected in
New England, till General Washington wrote (Oct. 27, 17-Si,) that
" there will be no occasion for forwarding any more beef cattle from
the northward for this army."

After the surrender of Cornwallis the Continental troops engaged
in the Yorktown campaign (with the exception of the Pennsylvania,
Maryland and Virginia troops, who were detatched, with St. Clair in
command, and ordered to join Greene in the south) started on their
long journey northward. The French army remained in Virginia.
The " main army" on the Hudson went into winter quarters at West
Point and its vicinity.

In the spring of 1782 we find the main body of the Continental
army encamped along the Hudson, on both sides of the river, in
proximity to the highlands.

On March 31, Washington established his headquarters in the
Hasbrouck house at Newburgh.* The mam English army was Sir

WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS-FROM THE NORTHWEST.

had his headquarters there for a short time in the winter. ' He was
not with Washington at Newburgh, as has often been stated, and
did not even visit the Headquarters when in Newburgh in 1824.

We are aware that his name has been coupled with the Newburgh
Headquarters in song and story, and for those who have set much
store on the tradition, there is consolation in the fact that it is only a
mistake of two years in time and two miles in distance. In Dec,
1 78 1, after the surrender of CornwaUis, he sailed for France, and did
not return to this country till I7S4.\

Here at New Windsor Washington planned that master-stroke of
strategy and generalship that culminated in the surrender of the
army of CornwaUis at Yorktown. General Heath was left in com-
mand of the army i-emaining at West Point and its vicinity, consisting
of two regiments of New Hampshire, ten of Massachusetts, five of
Connecticut infantry, the corps of invalids, Sheldon's legion, and the
Third Regiment of artillery, together with all such State troops and
militia as remained in the ser\nce. During Washington's campaign

Henry Clinton's at New York, and now once more Washington
watched his movements from his Highland stronghold. Hostilities
had almost ceased, negotiations were commenced for the restoration
of peace, and the army passed a whole year in comparative idleness.

r Although never again to meet the enemy in deadly conflict in the
field, they were yet to participate in events that will always be of
thrilling interest to all who read of their noble deeds. The first was
the celebration of the birth of the Dauphin of France, on the 31st of
May, 17S2. Major Villefranche had emplo^-ed a thousand men fin-
ten days in the construction of a curious edifice at AVest Point. It
was called an arbor, and was composed of the simple materials
which the common trees of the vicinity afforded, and was about 220
feet in length and 80 in width, supported by a gi'and colonnade of 118

* Extract from General Heath's diary : "March 31.— His Excellency Generi
Washington arrived at Newburgh ; he had been absent from the main arm
since the 19th of the preceding Angust, having spent the winter at Philadc
phia after the capture of Earl Cornwallis."

NEWBURGH

pillars, made of the trunks of trees. The covering of the roof con-
sisted of boughs and branches of trees curiously interwoven, and
the same material formed the walls. On the inside every pillar was
encircled with muskets and bayonets, bound around in a fanciful and
handsome manner, and the whole interior was decorated with ever-
greens, festoons of flowers, garlands, emblematical devices, ^f«rj de
lis, and other ornaments significant of the existing alUance between

LINKS OF FORT MONTGOMERY CHAIN.

France and America. The superb structure in symmetry and pro-
portion and elegance of arrangement has seldom been surpassed on
any temporary occasion, and it affected the spectators with admira-
tion and pleasure. All the troops were paraded on the contiguous
hills on both sides of the river at West Point at 2:30 o'clock, forming
a circle several miles in circumference in plain view from the edifice,
and at a signal (the firing of three cannons), the regimental com-
manders repaired to the building for the entertainment prepared for
them. At 5 o'clock General Washington and ladyled a dis-
tinguished company from the quarters of General MacDougall
to the arbor, where more than five hundred ladies and gen-
tlemen partook of a magnificent festival. Each toast, thirteen
in all, was announced by the discharge of thirteen cannons.
In the evening the arbor was illuminated by a vast number of
lights, and at a signal from the battery the soldiers on the hills
discharged their guns, and all the cannons in the forts and
batteries were fired. This feu de joie was three times re-
peated, each time followed by three shouts of acclamation and
benediction for the Dauphin by the united voices of the whole
army on all sides. The mountains re-echoed like tremendous
peals of thunder, and the flashings from thousands of fire-
arms in the darkness of evening could be compared only to
the most vivid flashes of lightning from the clou„s. Wash-
ington, escorting Mrs. Knox, opened the grand ball, and with
a dignified and graceful air carried down a dance of twenty
couples in the arbor on the green grass.* The celebration
was concluded by the exhibition of fireworks, consisting of
rockets, wheels, fountains, trees, bee-hives, balloons, flowers
and Tftv/r J dc lis, admirably constructed, and played off at
twenty minutes after eleven o'clock.

On the Fourth of July a similar celebration occurred, in honor of
the anniversary of the Declaration of lAdependence, the army being
assembled in the same manner as beforej

The inspection and muster of the different corps took place in the
month of June, and the commander-in-chief publicly complimented
several regiments for their respectable and soldier-like appearance.
Every other day, by brigade and by detail, the troops were exercised
and drilled. The army was in the best of spirits at this period,

* Tluuiu-r's Journal.

proud of its victories, and confident of its strength and efficiency in
battle. Baron Steuben had exercised the officers and soldiers in the
various movements and evolutions, and exerted all his great powers
for the establishment of a regular system of discipline among the
heterogeneous bodies of soldiers. One of the finest companies in the
army was the "light company" of the Eighth Massachusetts Regiment,
and Washington said he had never seen its superior. Other splendid
organizations were the Tenth Massachusetts Regiment, the
Second Connecticut Brigade and the First and Second Massa-
chusetts brigades. Washington assured Major General the
Baron Steuben that the credit for the efficiency of the army was
due to his indefatigable assiduity and eminent services; and
in pubhc orders expressed approbation of the laudable dispo-
sition and pride of corps which seemed to be diffused throughout
the army, remarking also upon the amazing contrast between
the past and present appearance of the troops.

On August 31 the army (mainly in boats) moved down the
river from New Windsor, Fishkill, West Point, and adjacent
positions, ande ncamped at Verplanck's Point, for the purpose
of reviewing and extending a welcome to the French army
then on its return march from Virginia. The camp presented
a beautiful and picturesque appearance. In front flowed the
grandest river in the world, and the noble mountains formed
the most sublime background that painting can express. All
the tents were decorated with laurel, evergreens and limbs of
trees. On Sept. 14, the French army arrived and encamped
within a few miles of the Americans. General Washington re
the French army on Oct. i, and the next day the French officers
reviewed the American army. A fortnight later eight bat-
talions were picked from the Continental troops and manceuver-
ed before the officers of the two armies. The Americans bestowed
every courtesy and attention upon the French soldiers, who had
aided them in throwing off the British yoke. On October 22 the
French army left for Boston, where it embarked for home.

The American forces consisted of about eight thousand men who,
for the first time since the beginning of the war, were decently
clothed, well armed, properly equipped, and camped in tents of
regular model. Six years' service in the field had made them trained

THE JOHN ELLISON HOUSE— F

veterans, and Prince de Broglie said that to him " they all seemed
good looking, robust and well chosen." Several of the French army,
who had seen troops of different European nations, bestowed enco-
miums and applause on our arm)-, and said they had seen none
superior to the American. Such was the army that came to New-
burgh.

At that time the main army was divided into two wings, each
of which was sub-divided into two divisions, which in turn were
sub-divided into brigades, composed of several regiments each.

NEWBURGH.

Right Wing — Major-Generai. Gates.
First Division — Major-General MaLDoitgall.
First Brigade, Col. Swift.

Second Connecticut Regiment.
Fourth Connecticut Regiment.
Rhode Island Regiment.

Second Brigade, Brig. -Gen. Huntington.
First Connecticut Regiment.
Fifth Connecticut Regiment.
Ninth Connecticut Regiment.

Second Division — Major-Genera/ St. Clair.
First Brigade, Col. Courtland.
First New York Regiment.
Second New York Regiment.

Second Di''ision — Major-General Howe.
First Brigade, (ieneral Patterson.
Second Massachusetts Regiment.
Fifth Massachusetts Regiment.
Eighth Massachusetts Regiment.

Second Brigade, Col. Greatton.

Third Massachusetts Regiment.
Sixth Massachusetts Regiment.
Ninth Massachusetts Regiment.

On the morning of the 26th of October, 1782, the troops of the
left wing marched from Verplanck's Point to Garrison's, and on the
the next day crossed the river to West Point, marched through the post,
over Storm King Mountain, and passed the night on its northern
slope in the open field. On the morrow the various brigades pro-
ceeded to the positions assigned them. The right wing of the army.

^"^^

MAP OF THE CANTONMEN

AND VICINITY,

Second Brigade, Col. Dayton.
First New Jersey Regiment.
Second New Jersey Regiment.

Left Wim; — Majok-Genekai. He.vtm.
First Divisioji— Major-General Lord Stirling.

First Brigade, Col.

Tenth Massachusetts Regiment.
First New Hampshire Regiment.
Second New Hampshire Regiment.

Second Brigade, Col. Sheppard.
First Ma.ssachusetts Regiment.
Fourth Massachusetts Regiment.
Seventh Massachusetts Regiment.

under General Gates, with the e.xception of the Connecticut regi-
ments, which remained at West Point and its vicinity, came a few
days afterwards.

The campgi-ound is situated in the Town of New Windsor, mainly
along the Silver Stream (designated in the map as the Beaver Dam),
and on the slopes south and southwest of Snake Hill— from two and
a half to three miles distant from Washington's Headquarters, in a
southwest direction. Silver Stream flows through a wide valley,
southeasterly, the fields rising on either side in long, gentle inclines,
till they reach a considerable elevation, from which a great range of
country is unfolded to view. The water course for a distance is
through a morass, on either side of which most of the troops were
encamped. The soldiers built a causeway across the swamp, and
remains of it can be seen to this day. The New York, New Hamp-
shire and New Jcrscv lines were on the west side of the stream, and
on the eastern slupL-s were Uic i-"irst and Third Massachusetts Bri-

NEWBURGH.

gades, mainly on lands now owned by W. L. McGill. The camp of except on the northwest, where you can see far up the valley, and

the Second Massachusetts Brigade was on the high ground directly on the southwest, where there is a view of the Hudson,
south of and half a mile distant from Snake Hill, on the farm now

, t T u TT J? 1 i.1 IT r "These hills shall keep their memory sure;

owned by John Heron, tormerly the Munn farm. ^^ k- •• h il f u

The only map of the cantonment that has been preserved is Simeon The mountain fastnesses endure,

DeWitt's, found recently among the papers of General Gates, in the And speak their glorious deeds for aye."

possession of the
New York Historical
Society.* It shows
the location of the
several State lines,
with the exception
of the Rhode Island
Regiment and the
Maryland Battalion.
The former was or-
dered from the New
Windsor cantonment
to the Schuylerville
barracks, and the lat-
ter came to the can-
tonment after the
map had been made.
The campground
was mainl)- covered
with woods, but now
most of it is cleared
land. The soldiers'
quarters were spa-
cious, healthy and
well built, and con-
sisted of log houses,
containing two
chambers, each in-
habited by eight
soldiers. The bar-
racks were mainly
arranged in State lines and brigade lines, but the non-commissioned
officers occupied a separate range of barracks. They were not all
built together in rows, for other huts were scattered through the
vicinity. They were built without a bit of iron or even nails. To
obtain the wood for constructing the barracks, the soldiers cut great
quantities of timber; they also cut a vast amount of firewood.

HE CAMPGROUND.

Walk over the
fields and even to this
day can be seen the
remains of bake-
ovens and the found-
ations of huts. A
number of years ago
several graves were
found in a strip of
woods on the Heron
farm, and Mr. McGill
has ploughed up on
his land many relics,
such as buttons, etc.
Where were prob-
ably the barracks of
the Second Massa-
chusetts Brigade, on
the Heron farm,
there is an old well,
now filled up with
stone, and the former
owner also found
near by foundations
of huts, the stones of
which he removed
to use in building
walls. A road, form-
erly a Continental
road, runs through
the campground.
The headquarters of General Gates from December, 17S2, to April,
17S3, v,-as in the John EUison house at Vail's Gate, a short distance
south of the New Windsor cantonment. It is still standing, a pictur-
esque building of stone, erected by Col. Thomas Elhson, founder of
the New Windsor family of that name. He was a pioneer merchant
of 1723. The original residence of Colonel ElUson wa-; ^n tht bank

THE VERPLANCK HOUSE AT FISHKI

UZAL KNAPP'S MONUMENT,

General Heath said the cantonment for its nature and kind was
beautiful. Those who will visit the place now will say the same.
Stand on the slope on either side of the valley and the whole camp-
ground is spread out before your eyes. Hills are on every side.

;ituted 1

Boyn

, of New-

of the Hudson, at New Windsor \'illage. Washington had his head-
quarters therein i77g-'8o-'8i. Major-General Knox, at the time of
the New Windsor cantonment, was in command of West Point. He
had previously been in command of the artillery. He and General
Greene had their headquarters at the Ellison house at Vail's Gate,
five weeks in the months of June and July, 1779, and General Knox
was there ten weeks in the Fall of the same year; also from Nov. 20,

NEWBURGH.

17S0, to July 4, i-Si; and from Jlay, 17S2, till ordered to take
command at West Point, Aug. 24, 17S2. While the army was at
Snake Hill, General Greene and General Wayne were in the South.
At one period of the war General Wayne had his headquarters at Mrs.
Wool's house (formerly Weigand's hotel), in Hroad Street, near Liher-

sions of the Provincial Convention and of its Coinmittee of Safety
were held in the old Reformed Dutch Church, from August, 1776, to
December, 1777, during which time the preliminary work of forming
a State government was transacted and the first Constitution of the
State nearly completed. More or less directly connected with the

ty. James Donnelly, who was living in Old Town then, related
that he saw the General almost every day. " He was short and
stout and had red eyes. I remember his eyes because we had a cross
dog that had red eyes, and we called him ' Mad Anthony 'altogether."
General Heath spent the Winter at his home in Roxbury, Mass. ,
returning to the cantonment in the Spring. Lord Stirling was at
Albany, where he died before the close of the war. Baron Steuben
had his headquarters in the Verplanck house at Fishkill. St. Clair
is supposed to have had his headquarters at the Edmonston house.
"Wood's," on the Little Britain road, was the Mrs. Falls house,
where Governor Clinton had his residence after the fall of Fort Mont-
gomery; in 1782-3 it was the quarters of Colonel Francis Barber,
Asst. Inspector-General to Baron Steuben, and is believed to have
been also the quarters of Major John Armstrong, the author of the
•'Newburgh Letters."

The Life Guards were stationed a few rods northwest of Wash-
ington's Headquarters. They were all native Americans, "sober,
young, active and well made," the pick of the army, and none less
than 5 feet 9 inches tall. Their uniform consisted of a blue coat,
with white facings, white waistcoat and breeches, black stock and
black half-gaiters, and a round hat with blue and white feather.
The motto of the corps was " Conquer or Die." Their number was
about sixty. William Colfax was the Captain Commandant. The
last survivor of this corps was Uzal Knapp, of New Windsor. He
died January 11, 1S56, aged ninety-six. His body lay in state in
these headquarters four days, and was buried with great honors at
the foot of the flagstaff near the building over which he kept faithful
vigil three-quarters of a century before, and on the same green slope
where he and his companions watched and sported.

One of the store-houses of the Commissary-General was where
the Union Church now stands. Fishkill Village, besides having long
been the principal depot of the army, was the place where the ses-

action of these bodies was the establishment there, or rather its re-
moval from New York to Fishkill, of the only Revolutionary news-
paper in the State — the Fishkill Pack ft, by Samuel Loudon — in

WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS DIAGRAM OF FIRST FLOOR.

Room with Seve

nd One Window

E— Parlor, or Sitting Room.
F— Washington's Office.
G— Washington's Bed-room.
H -Store Room.

NEWBURGH

the office of which were printed the first copies of the Declaration
of Independence which were issued in the State, as well as of the
first Constitution of the State.*

The Headqu \i ters building is constructed of rough-hewn stone. It
is one story high and has a frontage of fiftj six feet and a depth of

WEST ENTRANCE TO WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS.

forty-six. The farm once belonged to Burger Meynders. He sold it

to Jonathan Hasbrouck (1747), who built the house and retained the

ownership till his death in 17S0, and when

Washington vacated the house the family

returned to it, and occupied it till a short

time anterior to 1849, when it came into the

possession of the State.

The large room, which is entered from
the piazza on the east, known as " the room
with the seven doors and one window," was
used as a dining-room by Washington's fam-
ih-, which consisted of himself, his wife, and
his aid-de-camp Colonel Tilghman, he who
carried the news of the suiTender of Corn-
wallis to Congress. The housekeeper was a
Mrs. Thompson. The small northeast room
was Washington's bedroom, and the larger
one adjoining was used by him as a private
office. The famil)--room was the southeast
room, and the kitchen the southwest room ;
the northwest room, was the parlor. Be-
tween the kitchen and the pai-lor were the
hall and stair-case and the storeroom, so-
called from having been used by Colonel
Hasbrouck, and subsequently bj' his widow
as a store. The parlor was reserved for
Mrs. Washington and her guests.

No alterations in form have been made,
not even to the old piazza, nor to the great
wide-open chimney and the old fireplace ;
and the sun still streams through the one
window into the room with the seven doors.
The orchard that shaded the house on the
southwest, and the post and rail fence, are
gone, and the haystacks that stood to the

southeast ; graveled walks wind among the trees, and a great
monument stands on the green slope in front. But we see the same
natural scenes that Washington saw ; the same noble river runs at
the foot of the hill, and about us are the same green fields and blue
mountains. Inspired by the patricjtic memories that thrill every vis-
itor, cannot imagination picture the father of his country and his
generals gathered on this old piazza as of old, and in the distance
the camps of the soldiers ? Can we not also see the General on his
shapely bay horse, with the servant Bill riding behind? They were
familiar figures in the village. The General was a bold horseman,
leaping the highest fences and going extremely quick, without stand-
ing in his stirrups, bearing on the bridle or letting his horse run wild.
His horse was as good as he was handsome, but above all perfectly
well-trained, easy in hand and stopping short in a gallop without
bearing on the bit. Washington himself broke all his own horses.

Distinguished statesmen and high officers in the arm)^ were fre-
quent guests at headquarters. There was little room to spare in the
dwelling, and if a guest remained during the night it was the practice to
make up a camp-bed for him in the parlor. The Marquis de Chas-
tellux passed the night in that room once. When he went in to break-
fast the next morning at ten, his bed was folded up, and his chamber
became the sitting-room for the whole afternoon. The smallness of
the house, and the difficulty to which he saw General and Mrs. Wash-
ington put themselves, made him apprehensive lest General Rocham-
beau, who had set out for headquarters the day after him, by
traveling as fast might arrive on the day that he remained there.
He therefore sent to Fishkill to meet him with a request that he
would stay there that night. His precaution was not superfluous,
and the messenger found Rochambeau already at the landing,
where he slept, and did not come to the headquarters till the
next morning. 1 21 "^ 1 *^ ^

*The late Gulian C. Verplanck said: "The Constitution of the State
New York was printed in 1777, and was the first as well as the most importa:
book ever printed in the State. The people could find but one press in the
domain with which to print the work of their representatives. It was done

THE OLD FIREPLACE, AT WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS.

But guests at dinner \\-ere numerous and welcome.* This meal
was served about five. <")n the day de Chastellux was there Adjutant
General Hand, Colonel Reed and Major Walker dined with him.

Fishkill by Samuel Loudon, wh.
city, of Xew York, and who had 1

had been

■in-chief, has \nng \

NEWBURGH

The repast was served in the English fashion, and consisted of
butcher's meat and poultry, with vegetables of several sorts, followed
by a second course of pastry. After this the cloth was removed, and
a great quantity of nuts was served, which the General usually
continued eating for two hours, toasting and conversing all the
while. S-upper was usually served at nine, and after that a few
bottles of good claret and Madeira were placed on the table. The
handsome and gentlemanly Gates, the hero of Saratoga; the brave
and faithful Knox, the trained artillerist and Washington's warmest
friend; the gentle-hearted Steuben, the skillful tactician; the scholar-
ly Heath, the watchful guardian of the Highlands; Howe, St. Clair
and ;MacDougall, were oft-times guests.

In the company of ladies the Baron Steuben appeared to pecuHar
advantage. Though never perfectly master of our language, he un-
derstood and spoke it with sufficient correctness. Sometimes purposely

Now that the war was drawing to a clcjse and independence had
nearly been achieved, there was naturally a feeling of thankfulness
and happiness pervading the encampment, such as had never before
been felt. The officers visited and dined at each others' quarters,
and receptions were given at country houses. Mrs. Washington,
Mrs. Knox and Mrs. Gates frequently exchanged calls, and dined
together. Mrs. Knox was a very handsome woman, and the com-
mander-in-chief often spent the evening at General Knox's house, and
used to like her for a partner in the dance. One night he stayed ver\-
late, not reaching home till the small hours of night. A person in
the adjoining room heard Mrs. Washington read him a curtain lecture
after he got in bed. The general listened in silence, till she had
entirely finished, and then simply said, " Go to sleep, my dear."

On Christmas Day, 17S2, in public orders General Washington
highly approved of a proposal that had been made by the Rev. Israel

'THE PUBLIC BUILDING. "-Copy from

Tarbell Drawings.

he would miscall names, or blend or adopt words of similar sound
but different meaning, to the merriment of the company. One day
at dinner Mrs. Washington asked him how he amused himself over
in Fishkill.

" Oh," said he, "I read and write, my lady, and play chess ; and
yesterday, for the first time, went fishing. They told me it was a very
fine business to catch fish, and I did not know but this new trade
might be useful by-and-by to me; but I fear I can never succeed. I
sat in the boat three hours. It was exceedingly warm, and I caught
only two fish. They told me it was fine sport."

" What kind of fish did you catch, Baron?" asked Mrs. Washington.

" I am not sure, my lady, but I believe one of them was a whale."

"A whale, Baron, in the North Riverl" she exclaimed in surprise.

"Yes, I assure you, a very fine whale, my lady. Was it not?" he
said, turning to one of his aids.

"An fcl. Baron," was the reply.

" I beg your pardon, my lady, but that gentleman certainly told
me it was a whale."

MacDougall was a Scotchman, affable and facetious, often indulg-
ing in pleasantries, and adverting to his national peculiarities and
family origin, at the close of which he would add, " Now, gentlemen,
you have the history of Sawney MacDougall, the milk-nion's son."

Evans, D. U., the Chaplain of the New Hampshire brigade, for
erecting a public building, and gave his consent to the general and
field officers meeting to determine the situation and plan. The next
morning the officers met at General Gates's headquarters and plans
were adopted. Each regiment was required to furnish a certain part
of the material, including lumber and shingles, and Colonel Tupper
was appointed superintendant of construction. Carpenters, masons,
blacksmiths and tools were supplied by the regiments; and nails,
nail-rods and iron, boards, etc., were obtained from the quarter-
master. The artificers and laborers pressed to the work (under the
direction of Colonel Tupper and his assistant Lieut. Nelson), with
' ' spirit and alacrity," which was doubtless in jjart owing to the liberal
potions of rum dealt out to them. The site of the Public Building is
not indicated on the map, but without doubt it was upon the eminence
on the eastern side of the valley of the Silver Stream, on the farm
now owned by William L. McGill, notwithstanding that the centennial
celebration was held at another place near by. The site is command-
ing and beautiful. It was a frame building upon a stone foundation.
The interior was lathed and plastered. It was handsomely furnished
with a spacious hall sufficient to accommodate a brigade of soldiers
on Lord's day, having an orchestra at one end; tlie vault of the hall
was arched; at each end of the hall were two rooms conveniently

NEWBURGH

situated for the issuing of general orders, for the sitting of boards of
officers, courts-martial, etc., and an office and store for the quarter-
masters and the commissary departments. Ou the front was a cupola
and flagstaff, on which flags were hoisted occasionally for signals.
It was finished early in March, and services were held there every
Sabbath. The chaplains preached in rotation, and different brigades
assembled at different hours of the day, ' ' to give that homage and
adoration to the Supreme Being who has, through His infinite mercy,
brought our public calamities and dangers {in all human probability),
very near to a happy conclusion."* But the building was also used
for levees, public meetings, etc., and was officially designated " the
New Building," or as "the Public Building;" and by the soldiers it
was sometimes popularly called "the Temple of Virtue," "the
Temple," and "the Chapel." Major Edward C. Boynton, one of the
Trustees of the Headquartei-s, in iSgo obtained from Luther L. Tar-
bell, of Boston, original drawings made by his father, William Tar-
bell, a soldier in the Seventh Massachusetts Regiment. They were

The joy caused by the outcome of the struggle for liberty was not
unmixed with distress, nor the success of the army with danger to
the existing Government. Here, Washington declared, occurred the
greatest crisis in our long struggle, one that filled him with more
alarm than all the disasters of the previous seven years, and here at
last were exhibited the noblest self-sacrifice and the loftiest patriotism
the world had ever seen.

The soldiers viewed the coming disbandment of the army with
forebodings. They were goaded by a thousand stings of reflec-
tion on the past and anticipation of the future. For a long time
neither officers nor privates had received any pay, for the treasury
was empty, with no hope of its immediate replenishment. They
were about to be turned on the world, soured by penury, and by
what they called the ingratitude of the public, involved in debts,
without one farthing of money to carry them home, after spending
the flower of their days and many of them their patrimony, in estab-
lishing the freedom of their country.

WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS— FROM THE SOUTHWEST.

drawn on sheets of paper pasted together, the whcjle being about
seven feet long by eighteen inches wide. They represent the " Tem-
ple of Virtue," the buildings occupied by officers and soldiers of the
Massachusetts line (216 in number), and the framework for an illumi-
nation in the celebration of the successful termination of the war.
The drawings were made with the juices of grass, butternuts, etc.
The Headquarters' Trustees had fac-simile copies made.

The first assembly at the Public Building was on February 6, 17S3,
before its entire completion, to celebrate the anniversary of the al-
liance with France. The troops were paraded, and reviewed by
Washington, and a feu dc Jon- fired by all the troops. Afterwards
there was a recepti(m at the building, attended by the officers and
their ladies, and a cold collation was provided.

'Washinffto

Washington said that they had suffered everything that human
nature is capable of endm-ing this side of death, and he could not
avoid apprehending a train of evils of a very serious and disturbing
nature, as he perceived that the patience and long-suffering of the
army were well nigh exhausted.

On May 6, 17S2, a dangerous mutiny was discovered among the
soldiers of the Connecticut line. It had been conducted with
great secrecy, and was on the point of execution before it was di-
vulged. The defection was general in the line. The soldiers had
determined to march at reveille the next morning to Fishkill,
where they intended taking a number of field pieces, with ammuni-
tion and provisions, and proceed to Hartford and demand of the As-
sembly that justice which they considered their due. The most
guilty soldiers were arrested, and the ringleader was sentenced to
death.

NEWBURGH

Contemplating the seemingly inherent weakness of the Govern-
ment, many were inclined to consider it a normal condition of the
republican form, and sighed for a stronger one. This feeling became
so manifest in the army that Colonel Nicola, an officer greatly re-
spected, addressed a letter to Washington in Mny, 17S2, in which,
professing to speak for the army, he declared that a republic was the
least stable of all forms of government, and that the English Gov-
ernment was the nearest to perfection that could be established. He
said it was plain that the same abilities that had led them through
difficulties apparently insurmountable by human powers to victory
and glory, and which had merited and obtained the universal esteem
and veneration of
the army, w-ould be
most likely to con-
duct and direct the
people in the
smoother paths of
peace.

" Owing to the
prejudice of the
people," he said,
"it might not at
first be prudent to
assume the title of
royalty, but if all
things were once
adjusted, we be-
lieve strong argu-
ments might be
produced for ad-
mitting the title of
king."

Washington's re-
ply w-as a stern re-
buke, administered
in a letter, to
Nicola. He said ;
"It is with a mix-
ture of surprise and
astonishment 1
have read the sen-
timent you have
submitted to my
perusal. Be assur-
ed, sir, no occur-
rences in the course
of the war have
given me more
painful sensations
than your informa-
tion of there being
such ideas existing
in the army as you
have expressed ,
which I must view
with abhorrence
and reprehend with severity. * * * * * i am much at
loss to conceive what part of my conduct has given encourage-
ment to an address which to me seems big with the greatest mischief
that can befall my country. If I am not deceived in the knowledge
of myself, you could not find a person to whom your .schemes arc
more disagreeable. * * * Let me conjure you, then, if you have
any regard for your country, concern for yourself or posterity, or re-
spect for me, to banish these thoughts from your mind."
"The ('.rr i* I^rT-inhli.- had its birth

'I'll I "1 ilie Army's wing,

Wli.i.i I t by native worth

'I'll. 1 1, iji Mhli r than tlie king."

In the latter part of 17S2 the discontent in the army appeared more
formidable than ever. A committee from the army visited Congress

in December and returned with a series of most unsatisfactory
resolutions passed by that body. Feeble in resources, they made no
definite promises of present relief or futiure justice. This gave rise to
the celebrated Newburgh Letters, or addresses, of which two were
issued anonymously and written with great power and ability. The
first letter, dated Saturday, March S, 17S3, advised the army to appeal
from the justice to the fears of the government, make demonstrations
of power and determination, arouse the fears of the people, and so
obtain justice for themselves. It began with a recital of their wrongs,
of the alleged insults heaped upon them b)' Congress, of its cold
neglect, of their own forbearance and patience under them, and of

their self-sacrifice
and patriotism.

"If this," he
says, "be your
treatment, while
the sw-ords you
wear are necessary
to the protection of
vour country, what
have 3'ou to expect
from peace, when
your voice shall
sink and your
strength dissipate
by division — when
those very swords,
the i n s t r u m e n ts
and companions of
■\-our glory, shall be
taken from your
sides and no re-
maining mark of
your military dis-
tinction left you
but your infirmities
and scars ? Can
you consent to re-
tire from the field
and grow old in
poverty, wretched-
ness and contempt?
Can you consent to
wade through the
\-ile mire of depend-
ency and owe the
remnant of that life
to charity which
has hitherto been
spent in honor? If
you can, go, and
carry with you the
jest of Tories, the
scorn of Wliigs,
and what is worse,
the pity of the
world. Go, starve, and be forgotten." Growing bold in his indig-
nation, he swoops down on AVashington himself and exclaims:
' ' Suspect the man w' ho would advise to more moderation and longer
forbearance. Let nothing but death separate you from your arms."
With this address was circulated privately a notification of a meet-
ing of officers at the New Building, the following Tuesday. In gen-
eral orders, March 11, Washington expressed disapprobation of such
disorderly proceedings, and at the same time requested the general
and field officers, and one officer from each company, and a proper
representation of the staff of the army, to assemble at 12 o'clock on
the following Saturday at the New Building, to hear the report of the
committee of the army to Congress. This was a master-stroke. It
assured him the control of the meeting, and the selection of the num-
ber and rank of the officers to compose it. On the appearance of

WASHINGTON.

NEWBURGH

this order the writer of the anonymous address issued another, more
subdued in tone, in which he sought to give the impression that
Washington approved of the scheme.

The meeting was held, General Gates presiding, and deep solem-
nity pervaded the assemblage. Amid the most profound silence the
beloved commander commenced reading the address he had pre-
pared in these old headquarters, so compact in
form and construction, so clear in expression
and meaning, so dignified and patriotic, so
mild yet so severe, and so important to the
well-being of the unfolding republic.

" Gentlemen," he said, " by an anonymous
summons, an attempt has been made to con-
vene you together. How inconsistent -with the
rules of propriety, how unmilitary, and how
subversive of all order and discipline, let the
good sense of the army decide."

Pausing for a moment he drew out his spec-
tacles, carefully wiped and adjusted them, and
while doing so remarked: "These eyes, my
friends, have grown dim, and these locks white
in the service; yet I have never doubted the
justice of my country."

This simple remark, under the circumstances
had a powerful effect on the assembly. He
concluded his address with these memorable
words:

"Let me conjure you in the name of the
common country, as you value your own sacred
honor, as you respect the rights of humanity
and the national character of America, to ex-
press the utmost horror and detestation of the
man who wishes under any specious pretence
to overturn the liberties of our country, who
wickedly attempts to open the floodgates of
civil discord and drench our rising Empire in
blood. By thus determining and thus acting
you will pursue the plain and direct road to
the attainment of your wishes— you will defeat
the insidious designs of our enemies, who are
compelled to resort from open force to secret
artifice, and you will give one more distin-
guished proof of unexampled patriotism and
patient virtue, rising superior to the most com-
pUcated sufferings, and you will by the dignity
of your conduct afford occasion for posterit\-
to say, when speaking of the glorious example
you have exhibited to mankind: Had this day
been wanting, the world had never seen the
last stage of perfection to which human virtue
is capable of attaining."

Then he descended from the platform and
walked out of the building, leaving the officers
to discuss the matter, unrestrained by his
presence. Their conference was brief. They
passed resolutions by unanimous vote, express-
ing unshaken confidence in their chief and in
Congress, and their determination to bear with patience their griev-
ances until in due time they should be redressed. More than forty
years elapsed before it was discovered that the writer of these
anonymous addresses was Major John Armstrong, one of General
Gates's aides, who after the war held civil offices of distinction in our
government.

Let it not be supposed that strict discipline was not maintained
during all these trying times, The troops were regularly drilled and
exercised. We read in Washington's orders that John Blaisdell, for
breaking open the clothing store at Newburgh, and stealing from
there a number of boots and shoes, was sentenced to be reduced to a
private sentinel, and to receive twenty-five lashes on his naked back

each morning for four mornings successively. And only four days be-
fore the proclamation of the cessation of hostilities, Jeremiah Allen, a
drummer, for stealing a number of shirts and blankets out of the
public store at Newburgh, was sentenced to receive twenty-five
lashes at four different periods, each time in front of a different
regiment.

ReUgious services were
conducted with reg^arity and '

decorum every Sabbath, and |

the chaplains labored with "t

zeal and ability. Regimental j^

gardens were laid out, for

the purpose of raising greens and vegetables. Seeds were obtained
from the farmers in the surrounding country.

But at last the tidings of peace, so long prayed for, came. At
noon, on the igth of April, 17S3, e.xactly eight years after the com-
mencement of the war, the cessation of hostilities was proclaimed
from the door of the New Building. Accompanying the order for

NEWBURGH

tliis proceeding was a congratulatory address to the army, in which
occurred these memorable words : " While the General recollects the
almost infinite variety of scenes through which we have passed, with
a mixture of pleasure and astonishment and gratitude ; while he con-
templates the prospect before us with rapture, he cannot help wish-
ing that all the brave men, of whatever condition they may be, who
have shared in the toils and dangers of the glorious revolution of
rescuing millions from the hand of oppression and of lajnng the
foundation of a great empire, might be impressed with a proper idea
of the dignified part they have been called to act. under the smiles of
Providence, on the stage of human affairs ; for happy, thrice happ}-,
shall they be pronounced hereafter who have contributed anything.
who have per-
formed the mean-
est office 111
creating this stu-
pendous fabric ol
freedom and em-
pire on the broad
basis of indepen-
dency, who have
assisted in pro-
tecting the rights
of human nature
and establishing
an asylum for the
poor and oppress-
ed of all nations
and religions."

The little army
was assemble d
about the building
when the procla-
mation was read,
and three mighty
cheers of joy went
up, and then every
voice was hushed
as Chaplain Gano
returned thanks
to the Jlost High,
the King of Na-
tions, for all his
great blessings.
Then, with glad

voices, that grand hallelujah hymn, "No King but God," was sung
by the thousands of voices to the accompaniment of instruments —

The States, Oh, Lord, with songs of praise

Shall in thy strength rejoice.
And blest with thy salvation raise

To Heaven their cheerful voice.
To the King they shall sing : Hallelujah

And all the continent shall sing,
Down with this earthly king !

No king but God !

Can we not picture the scene ? Can we not share their joy and
pride as they give reverential praise and homage to Him who had
brought them thus far?

May Rome, France and Spain

And all the world proclaim

The glory of the fame
Of our loyal king.

God is the King. Amen !

The Lord is his name. Amen

May his reign be glorious,

America victorious,

And may the earth acknowledge

Amen ! Amen ! Amen !
Again at sunset of the same day the army is assembled on parade.
and at the head of every regiment we hear the proclamation oncu

more, and the voices of the chaplains standing before them "render-
ing thanks to the Almighty God for all his mercies, particularly for
overruling the wrath of man to His glory, and causing the rage of
war to cease among the nations." * Then all the soldiers drank per-
petual peace, independence and happiness to the United States of
America.

Orders were issued for a " general rejoicing " to take place later,
and the regiments were ordered to square and deliver ninety-seven
large pieces of timber for a frame for an illumination, which was to
be a part of the celebration. The Tarbell drawings show this frame-
work completed, and the accompanying inscription states; "The
building erected to display the fireworks was not occupied for that

pui-pose, as the
display was made
at Bowling Green,
New York, in
November, 17S3."
The officers real-
izing that the dis-
solution of the
ami}- was drawing
nigh, and wishing
ti. perpetuate that

SOME INTERESTING TROPHIES AT WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS.

friendship which
numerous hard-
ships, sufferings
and comm.on dan-
gers had inspired
in their breasts,
resolved to form
themselves into a
society of the
name of the Cin-
cinnati. Several
meetings were
held for the pur-
pose, at the Public
Building, and an
institution was be-
{Tun. Some of the
I >fficers had serious
I ibjections to the
institution, and for
a time refused to
become members
of it. General Heath, for one, was opposed to the idea of
anything that had any semblance of an order or any insignia or
badge of distinction, asserting that it would only ser\-e to mark
them in an unfavorable light with their fellow-citizens ; but the
prevailing opinion of the officers was otherwise. General Heath, with
the others, seeing that the organization was ineN-itable, at length
signed the roll, for the sole reason that his posterity, if they should
have no insignia of the society in the family, might think that their
ancestor had been guilty of some misconduct which deprived him of
it. On June ig, a number of the officers, viz., several general of-
ficers, and officers commanding regiments and corps met at the New
Building and elected General Washington President-General; Gen-
eral MacDimgall, Treasurer; and General Knox, Secretary pro tem-
pore to the Society of the Cincinnati.

On June 2, 17S3, th^^ t;ciKral orders of the day announced that the
men " engaged for the w ar " w . >u!d be immediately furloughed, with
a proportion of the ofticcrs. maixhcd home in divisions, and as soon
as a definitive treaty of peace arrived they would be discharged.
Those men that remained engaged for other periods were to be
formed into complete corps, the officers to agree who should stay, and
in cases where they could not ag^ee seniority was to decide. Generals
and commanding officers were requested to make arrangements for

> Washington';

i.rde

NEWBURGH.

marching the troops of their respective States to their homes. This
was a judicious method of disbanding the army gradually, without
entirely losing the hold of the Congress upon the soldiers before the
treaty of peace should be ratified. As this was not done till long
afterwards these furloughs amounted to absolute and final discharge.

The issuance of this order was the beginning of the end of the last
cantonment of the main Continental array.

The first body of soldiers to leave was the battalion of Maryland
troops, which marched southward on June 5, going down the old way
back of the Highlands and through New Jersey.

On June 6, in the morning, the New Jersey regiments marched
from the cantonment to their own State, where they, like the others,
were to be disbanded. The same day the First New York Regiment
made a present of their standards and band to Governor Clinton and
marched to Poughkeepsie, escorted by the light company of the
regiment. The other New York troops were furloughed and dis-
banded at the cantonment on the same day. The soldiers for the
war of the First New Hampshire Regiment, continental infantry,
and the Second New Hampshire Continental Battalion also marched
for their homes on this day. The men entitled to furlough in the four
invalid companies were disbanded, and the company of sappers and
miners at West Point were also dismissed.

One by one the regiments and companies were marching away to
their own States, there to separate to their individual homes, or else
disbanding on the spot. Next it is the turn of the faithful Life
Guards to bid each other farewell. On the following day, June 7,
the company was broken up, some going one way and some another,
and a guard of about forty men from the Massachusetts line assem-
bled at noon at the New Building and relieved them.

But not all the men entitled to leave desired to avail themselves
of the privilege. Some of them had no homes to go to. The best
years of their life had been spent for their country, and now they
were to be cast upon the world, penniless, many of them without ad-
equate knowledge of the means of earning a livelihood by civil
pursuits, their hard-earned military knowledge worse than useless, to
go in silence and alone, and poor and hopeless — is it any wonder
many of them did not go ? So Washington directed that those who
wished not to go should notify their commanders, and an equal nimi-
ber of soldiers who had enlisted for three years might go in their

stead. Those who remained were required to continue their duties
as soldiers until the ratification of the treaty of peace.

Commencing with June 8, a division of ]\Iassachusetts troops
marched away each day, until all entitled to furlough had gone. Four
regiments of Jilassaehusetts three-year men remained.

The levees that had been held each day
at noon, since April 15, at the New Building
were now discontinued. On the day that the
order was given lightning struck the flag
staff of the New Building, entered the house,
ran down the side of it, doing some damage,
and stunning several soldiers near the door.
On the 13th the men who had enUsted
for three years, and for shorter periods not
expired, were formed into regiments.

On June 20 the troops remaining at the
cantonment were ordered to march on
Monday morning, the 23d, at 5 o'clock, by
the left, the senior Brigadier on the Massa-
chusetts line to conduct the column over
Storm King to West Point. The baggage,
with a proper escort, was to go by water.
These corps, with the troops at West
Point, were to compose the garrisons at that
post and its dependencies.

Accordingly, on the next Monday, the
troops were astir at day-break, and early
in the morning they left their barracks and
tents and marched away over the Storm
King, and the last cantonment of the main
Continental army came to an end. Four
companies were left to do ordinary g^ard
duty over the public property, and were di-
rected to be reheved every nine days by
^ a detachment from West Point. All the gen-

eral officers who had been doing duty lately
in camp were given leave of absence, except Major-General Knox, who
had assumed command at West Point, and Brigadier-Generals John
Patterson and John Greatton, who served under him. General Howe
was retained for temporary duty at Philadelphia.

On August 26, 17S3, the Quartermaster-General's oflSce at New-
burgh issued a notice that on Tuesday, Sept. 2, at 2 p. m., the

THIRTY-TWO-POUND IRON GUN-AT WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS.

Part of the Armament of Fort Ticonderoga. Captured from the English by Ethan Allen.

Recaptured by Burgoyne, and returned to the Americans at Saratoga.

huts lately occupied by the First and Third Massachusetts Brigades,
the building called the Temple, and other scattered huts in the vicinity,
would be sold at auction. Also, on the following day, at Newburgh,

would be S(
stores. It i
and that th

NEWBURGH

lid at auction a number of wagons and a quantity of public
s presumed that this sale occurred as per advertisement,
. huts and the Temple were removed immediately there-

marched to Nc
evacuation by
was present.

A CASE OF CLOTHING, BOOKS, &C.-AT WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS,

after. Considerable property was
mained there for many years,
ington proceeded up the Hudson. At
Albany he was joined by Governor Clinton
and a small party. After visiting the scene
of Burgoj-ne's surrender, Lake George, the
Mohawk Valley and other points of interest,
he arrived back at Newburgh August 5. On
August 17 he issued his last general order
from army headquarters, announcing his de-
parture to meet Congress at Princeton. On
the following day he left Newburgh, stop-
ping at West Point, and thence resuming
his journey; his temporary headquarters be-
ing ultimately established at Rocky Hill,
where he issued his farewell orders, and
where he remained till November, when he
returned to West Point. In October, after
the treaty of peace had been ratified. Con-
gress by proclamation discharged all the
soldiers who had been "enlisted for the
war," and been furloughed in June. The
remaining men, consisting of those who
had enlisted for shorter periods, were dis-
banded Nov. 3. A small force of re-enlist-
ed men were retained for duty at West
Point, and these, with such disbanded men
and militia as could be brought together.

emoved to West Point, and re-
On the iSth of July Wash-

Hon.
A. S.

York and took possession of that city on its
British on Nov. 25, at which event Washington
December Washington surrendered his com-
mission to Congress, and this terminated
his career with the Continental army.

On the 4th of July, 1S50, the ancient
dwelling that had been his headquarters
was dedicated to be a monument of the
gi'eat and touching events above related,
while a multitude of people stood by. A
military and civic procession marched to
tile grounds and gathered about a lofty
tlagstaff newly erected, from which was to
float a Hag bearing the inscription, " Liber-
ty and Union now and forever, one and
inseparable." Major-General Scott was
there to raise it. Judge Monell made an
address, and an ode, composed for the
occasion by his wife, was sung. As the
last verse rang out upon the Summer air —

th a prayer your faith expressing,
Raise your country's flag on high;

•re, where rests a nation's blessing.
Stars and stripes shall float for aye'

Mutely telling
Stirring tales of days gone by,"—

the old hero puUed on the halyard, and
the flag rose to the top, and as it swung
out to the breeze, a deafening hurrah rang
out over the river.

The building is owned by the State
and in the control of the Trustees appointed
by the Governor, viz: Hon. Joel T. Headlej',
Major Edward C. Boj-nton, John C. Adams,
James G. Graham, Charles S. Jenkins, Hon. M. H. Hirschberg,
Ring, Jos. H. H. Chapman, David Carson and Lewis :M. Smith.

CASE OF INDIAN RELICS-AT WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS.

CENTENNIAL CELEBRATIONS.

Revolutionary Events Commemorated at Newburgh and Neighboring Towns.

EWBURGH celebrated the advent of the Centennial
Year bj^ a general rejoicing. The jubilee began about
nine o'clock on the evening of Friday, Dec. 31, 1S75,
and continued throughout the night, although the par-
ticular demonstration occurred during the few hours
first following midnight and the birth of the new 3'ear.
The principal feature of the celebration was a torch-
light procession. After the preparatory hum of assembling, the
organizations intending to join in the nocturnal parade began tr.
arrive at the ren-
dezvous on Broad-
way at half-past
eleven. Scarcely
had they formed
the line ere a rocket
soared heavenward
announcing the
end of the old year
and the birth of
the new, the signal
for the procession
to move. Then en-
sued a pandemon-
ium the like of
which Newburgh
never heard before.
IM i g h t y huzzas
went up from the
great multitude
that packed the
broad thorough-
fare. A hundred
steam-whistles rent
the air with ear-
splitting shrieks.
Every whistle in
the city — locomo-
tive, factory and
steamboat whistles
and every bell,
great and small,
joined in the glad
acclamation. Dis-
charges of cannon-
ry reverberated along the hills, a countless number of tin-horns
were blown, the sky became aflame with the glare from monster
bonfires, colored fires, rockets and all manner of pyrotechnics, and
thousands of voices shouted forth thanksgiving that the nation had
lived to see this day. And thus was the birth of the centennial year
announced.

The jubilee procession was commanded by Colonel William D.
Dickey and was composed of the Nineteenth Battalion, lire companies.

Ellis Post and several societies. A hay-rigging, loaded with barrels
filled with straw and saturated with oil, was hurried ahead of the
procession, and its crew started bonfires on every corner. Nearly
every house was illuminated and decorated. The noise of the
demonstration was heard miles away, and the illumination seen afar
off. The procession reached Washington's headquarters at 1.15 a.
m., and while standing around the flag-pole " My Country, 'Tis of
Thee" was sung. The celebration was a spontaneous and almost
extemporaneous outburst of patriotic enthusiasm. Ellis Post went

down to the Long
Dock and fired a
national salute, and
sang patriotic
songs. Watch-
night services were
held in five church-
es, banquets were
given, and the
thanksgiving and
merry - making
were continued till
nearly davbreak.

THE CENTENNIAL
FOURTH.
The Sabbath pre-
ceding the Fourth
of July, 1S76, was
devoted by the
people to the praise
and worship of the
Almighty Ruler of
the universe for the
preservation of the
nation. Patriotic
sermons were
preached and ap-
propriate hymns
^\-ere sung in all
the churches. In
the afternot)n five
thousand people
gathered at Wash
ing ton's Head-
quarters. At 2.30 o'clock a children's service was held, presided over
by Mayor McCroskery. The service for adults commenced at 4
o'clock, Rev. Dr. John Forsyth presiding. The One Hundredth
Psalm was sung, the singing being led b)^ a large choir. Rev. O.
Applegate read the 35th Psalm, and prayer ^^ as offered by Rev. G.
S. Hare. The national hymn, "Lord, While for all Mankind we
Pra}'," was sung to the tune of Dundee. A sermon was preached by
the Rev. Samuel Carlisle from the following text: "Thou hast

[43]

WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS,

NEWBURGH

brought a vine out of Egj-pt ; thou hast cast out the heathen, and
planted it. Thou preparedst room for it, and didst cause it to take
deep root, and it filled the land."— Psalm So: 8-9.

The Centennial Fourth was celebrated with great spirit, and with
the usual cannonry and bell-ringing at sunrise, noon and sunset. In
the morning there was a parade by the fire department, military com-

WASHINGTON'S CHAIR,

asbrouck family.

panies, veteran soldiers and many societies. Exercises were after-
ward held at Washington's Headquarters, consisting of vocal and
instrumental music, the reading of the Declaration of Independence
by Major E. C. Boynton, an oration by Hon. A. J. Thomson of
Schenectady, and a poem by Mr. J. Owen Moore, of Washington-
ville. In the evening a fireworks exhibition was given on the City
Terrace, at the head of South Street.

CELEBRATIONS OF 1883.
The great Revolutionary centennials, commencing with that
of Lexington and followed during the course of eight years by cele-
brations at Bunker Hill, Philadelphia, Stony Point, Saratoga, York-
town and other places, were brought to a close by a series of celebra-
tions at Newburgh and its vicinity, where the closing scenes of the
Revolution were enacted. The centennial of the proclamation of the
cessation of hostilities was the first. The 19th of April was observed
as a holiday in Newburgh, and Mayor Ward issued a proclamation.
At noon a salute from Washington's Headquarters was fired and an-
swered by salutes from West Point and Fishkill Landing ; the church
bells rang out in glad acclaim, and many steam whistles joined in the
great rejoicing. In the afternoon the Tenth Separate Company, Cap-
tain Joseph M. Dickey, made a street parade. In the evening fires
were burning on the Beacons, on Breakneck, the Storm King and
Snake Hill. The Tenth Separate Company gave a banquet at the

United States Hotel, Captain Joseph M. Dickey, presiding, and ad
dresses were deUvered by Judge Monell, E. M. Ruttenber, Hon.
Joel T. Headley, Rev. Dr. Forsyth, Major E. C. Boynton, J
Hervey Cook and Hon. James G. Graham. These exercises were sup-
plemented by an additional commemoration of a religious character
on the ensuing Sabbath, held at the Newburgh Armory, in charge of
the clergymen of the city. Though the day was stormy several
thousand people were present. The Rev. Dr. William K. Hall pre-
sided, and made an address. JIayor Ward, the Common Council,
nearly all of the clergymen of the city, members of the Newburgh
and Fishkill centennial committees and others occupied seats on the
platform. The large audience sang hymns, led by a choir of a hun-
dred voices and a brass band. The Rev. Dr. Forsyth offered prayer,
the Rev. Samuel Carlisle read Scripture passages, another prayer was
offered by the Rev. W. H. Mickle ; the Rev. Dr. O. Applegate and the
Rev. Arthur Jones made addresses ; Dr. Hall read the Revolutionary
army's great anthem, " No King but God," and various other clergj--
men had a part in the exercises.

Saturday, June 2, there was a memorable observance in the
Village of Fishkill, across the river from this city. The village was
gaily decorated. Business was entirely suspended. There was a
procession, including thirty-eight yoimg ladies in a representation of
the States; also music, addresses and a general rejoicing.

On June 22, a celebration was held at Temple Hill, New Wind-
sor, on the old campground of the army where so many memorable
events occurred. Several thousand people assembled there, including
the veterans of the 124th Regiment. Patriotic addresses were made
b}' Hon. James G. Graham, Judge E. L. Fancher, E. M. Ruttenber,
General George H. Sharpe, Hon. C. H. Winfield and William Van-
amee, Esq., of Middletown. A long letter from Judge Monell was
read, Clarence F. Buhler read a poem, and the people sang Billings'
anthem.

The Newburgh Centennial, the greatest of all the Revolutionary
celebrations, occurred October 18, 1883. Two years had been spent
in preparation, and Congress, the Legislature and the Common
Council had made liberal appropri-
ations. When the sun looked over
the Fishkill mountains that memor-
able morning, the North Atlantic
Squadron of five men-of-war lying
in the bay had just shaken the
city to its foundations with its
tremendous guns. Again at eight
o'clock windows rattled and the
houses shook with the concussions
of the great guns as they proclaim-
ed the arrival of the Tallapoosa
with the Secretary of War. The
day had hardly dawned ere thous-
ands of people began to flock into
the city, by railway trains, road-
wagons and steamboats. Thous-
ands upon thousands were landed
by the ferryboats. A multitude
was surging about the ferry-house
at Fishkill for hours, the people
accumulating faster than the boats
could transport them over the river.
The railroads brought thousands
into the union depot at Newbvirgh,
and up to eleven o'clock about
twenty-five excursion boats had
arrived. The river-front was lined
with steamers from Sherman's
Dock to the coal docks, and
anchored in the stream were the men-of-war and numerous yachts.

The day was very propitious, and so full and ample were the
preparations by the Centennial Committee that everything passed off
in a satisfactory manner, to the great delight and pleasure of a vast
number of people. Newburgh never looked handsomer or appeared

MARTHA WASHINGTON'S WATCH

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NEWBURGH

to better advantage. So profuse and beautiful were the decorations
that the city seemed one mass of brilHant color, and here and there
was an outburst that almost dazzled the beholder and made him think
of scenes in fairyland. For days before the place had a holiday
appearance, giving evidence of what might be expected on the great
day, when the greatest anticipations were not disappointed.

The procession was a magnificent pageant, and the general verdict
was that a finer parade of mixed organizations of the same number
of men had never been seen in this countr)-. The military bodies
were the best the States afforded, and were supplemented by the
splendid naval brigade, and as fine a division of firemen as ever
dragged a machine. There were fully forty bands, including several
of the most famous in the country, and nearly a score of drum corps.
The procession approached three miles in length and required about an
hour and a half to pass a given point. The line formed in Broadway
and the side streets, between Golden and Dubois, and started at 11.50.
The last of the procession did not pass Grand Street going down
Broadway till 1.05 p. m. The head of the column, then passing south
in Grand Street, was out on Broadway again two minutes after. The
corner was cleared just in time. In other words the moving column
extended from the corner down Broadway, through Golden and Water
Streets to Grand, and back southward in Grand Street to Broadway
again — this in the early portion of the parade, when the bodies were
moving close together.

ORDER OF PROCESSION.

Company of New York City Police.

Grand Marshal, Charles H. Weygant.

H. P. Ramsdell, Chief of Staff.

Aids:

Thomas W. Bradley
J. Owen Moore,
Charles E. Snyder,
J. D. Mabie,
N. H. Schram,
James Heard,
Clark B. Galatian,

Buglers, Color Bearers i

Dr. John Deyo,
William H. Kelly,
John A. McDonnell,
Frederick Decker,
Charles Mapes,
James W. Benedict,
Seneca W. Merritt.
. Orderlies.

FIRST DIVISION.

Marshal, Brigadier-General Louis Fitzgerald.
Staff, Bugler and Orderlies.

Seventh Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., of New York City, 700 men.

Cappa's Seventh Regiment Band, 55 pieces.

Drum and Bugle Corps, 30 pieces.

Col. Emmons Clark and Stafi. Lieut.-Col. George Moore Smith. Major

Richard Allison.

Company C— Captain Don Alonzo Pollard.

Company B— Captain Henry S. Steel.

Company G— Captain James C. Abrams.

Company A— Captain Augustus W. Connor.

Company I— Captain William C. Casey.

Company E— Captain George B. Rhodes,

Company H— Captain James L. Price.

Company K— Captain Francis W. Bacon.

Company F— Captain Daniel Appleton.

Company D— Captain \V. H. Kipp.

Uniformed Seventh Regiment Veteran BattaHon, 350 men.

8th Regiment Band, 40 pieces.

Colonel Locke W. Winchester.

Lieutenant-Colonel Charles B. Bostwick.

Major John H. Kemp.

Company A— Captain Henry I. Hayden.

Company B— Captain John C. Griffing.

Company C— Captain John W. Murray.

Company D— Captain William H. Riblet.

Company E— Captain Wm. A. Speaight.

Company P— Captain Edward O. Bird.

Company G— Captain Lyman Tiffany.

Company H— Captain Henry C. Shumway.

Company I— Captain Edward G. Arthur.

Company K— Captain James Ray.

Officers of day and distinguished guests in 50 carriages.

Peter Ward, Mayor of Newburgh, Chairman of the Committee in Charge.

Hon. Joel T. Headley, President Washington's Headquarters Commission.

Hon. Thomas F. Bayard, Presiding Officer.

Hon. Wm. M. Evarts, Orator.

Mr. Wallace Bruce, Poet.

Rev. S. Irenaeus Prime, D. D., Chaplain.

Hon. William E. Chandler, Secretary of the Navy.

Hon. Grover Cleveland, Governor of New York, and Staff.

Hon. Augustus O. Bourn, Governor of Rhode Islrnd, and Staff.

Major-General Carr and Staff.

Major-General Shaler and Staff.

Members of the Joint Congressional Committee, viz.:

Hon. Lewis Beach, Hon. Warner Miller, Hon. J. H. Ketcham,

Hon. Joseph R. Hawley, Hon. A. G. Curtin,

Hon. Amos Townsend.

Brevet Major-General W. D. Whipple, A. A. G.

Major Asa B. Gardner, Judge Advocate, and

Captain G. S. L. Ward, Aide-de-Camp,

of General Hancock's Staff.

Common Council of City of Newburgh.

Delegates Society of the Cincinnati and 100 distinguished guests

SEGOND DIVISION.

B. B. Moore,
Augustus Senior,
Albert N. Chambers,
G. Gartzman, M. D.,
G. Fred Wiltsie,

J. S. Wiseman,
E. A. Brown,

Kelsey Fullagar,
James Ogden,
John A. Staples.

Battalion of 5th U. S. Artillery, dismounted.

Governor's Island Band.

Brevet Brigader-General R. H. Jackson, commanding.

Company A— Captain and Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel B. Beck.

Company B— Captain N. E. Van Reed.

Company I-Captain G. W. Crabb.

Company M— Captain G. V. Wier.

Naval Brigade, from North Atlantic Squadron, 800 men.

Marine Band, 20 pieces.

Pioneer Corps.

Commander A. V. Reed, U. S. N., commanding.

Lieutenant C. E. Callahan, U. S. N., Adjutant-General.

Marine Battalion— Captain W. S. Muse, U. S. N., Commanding.

Infantry Battalion (Sailors)— Lieut. R. P Rodgers, U. S. N., commanding.

Artillery Battalion— Lieut. G. W. Tyler, U. S. N., commanding.

Rear-Admiral G. H. Cooper, staff and officers of fleet, in carriages.

Tenth Separate Company, of Newburgh, 40 men.

Tenth Regiment Band, of Albany, 24 pieces.

Captain J. M. Dickey, commanding.

Putnam Phalanx Battalion, of Hartford, 125 men.

Battalion Drum Corps, 14 pieces.

Alvin Squires, Major, commanding, and staff.

First Company— Captain C. A. Case.

Second Company — Captain Joseph Warner.

Honorary Corps- Captain J. W. Welch.

Nineteenth Separate Co., N. G. S. N. Y., of Poughkeepsie, 60 men.

Drum Corps.

Captain Haubennestel, commanding.

Twenty-third Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., of Brooklyn, 550 men.

Twenty-third Regiment Band, 50 pieces.

Fife and Bugle Corps, 20 pieces.

Colonel Rodney C. Ward and Staff. Lieutenant Colonel J. B. Frothingham.

Major C. L Fincke.

Company G-Captain Alfred H. Williams.

Company E— Captain Arthur Guthrie.

Company H— Captain Alexis C. Smith.

Company K— Captain Charles E. Waters.

Company F— Captain George H. Pettit.

Company B— First Lieutenant Willard L. Candee.

Company C— Captain Ezra De Forest.

Company A — Captain Arthur B. Hart.

Company D— Captain Darius Ferrv.

Third Regt., N. G. S. N. J. (Garfield Legion), EHzabeth, N. J., 400 men.

Third Regiment Band, 25 pieces.

Colonel E. H. Ropes and Staff. Lieut.-Colonel M. N. Oviatt. Major A. B. Lee.

Company A — Captain G. C. Amerod.

Company B-Captain J. V. Allstroon.

Company D— Captain John D. Stroud.

Company C— Captain W. H. DeHart.

Company G— Captain O. S. Stanhope.

Company E, Seventh N. J., 70 men— Captain .\. J. Buck. Temporarily attached

to Third New Jersey Regiment.

NEWBURGH

Cadet Battalion of the Peekskill (N.Y.) Military Academy, 125 strong.

Drum Corps.

Colonel \Yright commanding.

THIRD DIVISION.

Marshal, Edward D. Hayt.
C. L. Waring, Chief of StafiE.
Aids:
Wm. T. Peters, Edward Whelan,

John Smith, W. H. Van Sciver,

Edward Stocker, F. H. Slason,

M. V. Waring, C. P. Wells.

Thirteenth Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., of Brooklj-n, 600 men.

Dodworth's Thirteenth Regiment Band, 50 pieces.

Drum and Bugle Corps, 30 pieces.

Colonel David E. Austin and Staff, Lieutenant-Col. Theodore B. Gates.

Major W. B. Tyson.

Regimental Veteran Corps, Col. Willoughby Powell.

Company G— Captain William L. Watson.

Company H— Captain C. P Kretchmar.

Company D— Captain Edward Fackner.

Company I-Captain James S. Manderville.

Company K— Captain George B. Squires.

Company F— Captain William H. Courtney.

Company C— Captain F B. S. Morgan.

Company A— Captain Wm. L. Collins.

Company D— First Lieut. D. M. D.

Company B— Captain Ed. M. Smith.

13th Regiment Battery, Captain G. W. Corcoran.

Fifth Separate Company, of Ne%vbiu-gh, 60 men.

Moscow's Newburgh City Band, 16 pieces.

Fife and Drum Corps, 12 pieces.

Captain J. T. Chase, commanding.

Co. H, Seventy-first Regt., N. G. S. N. Y., of New York City, 60 men.

Capta

Fifteenth Separate Company, of Poughkeepsie, 40 men.

Drum Corps.

Captain Berthold Meyers, commanding.

Eleventh Separate Company, of Mount Vernon, 40 men.

Mount Vernon Band, 15 pieces.

Captain J. M. Jarvis, commanding.

Fourth Separate Company, of Yonkers, 40 men.
Captain Isaiah Frazier, commanding.

Twenty-third Separate Company, of Hudson, 60 men.

Drum Corps, 18 men.

Captain E. R. Elting, commanding.

G. A. R. BRIGADE.

Assistant Marshal, W. H. Mickle.
Staff— D. L. Kidd, George Barber, W. T. Talmadge,
Egbert Lewis.

Ellis Post, No. 52, of Newburgh, So men.

Tottenville Band, 19 pieces.

W. H. Mills, commanding.

Uniformed Delegates, 120 men.

Rankin Post, No. 10, of Brooklyn, 150 men.

14th Regiment Band, 20 pieces.

J. H. Walker, commanding.

Delegates from other Posts, 100 men.

Harry Lee Post, No. 21, BrookljTi, 60 men.

Drum Corps, 35 pieces.
J. R. McNaughton, commanding.
Delegates from other Posts, 40 men.

Howland Post, No 4S, of Fishkill, 24 men.
Stephen Price, commanding.

Carroll Post, No. 279, of Port Jer\ds, 75 men.
Emmett's Band of 18 pieces.
Sol. Van Etten, commanding.

Pratt Post, No. 127, of Kingston, 150 men.

Post Drum Corps.

R. W. Anderson, commanding.

George G. Meade Post, No. — , of Brooklyn, X. Y., 100 men.

Abram Vosburgh Post, No. gs, of Peekskill, 75 men.

Band.

W. A Sipperly, commanding,

Waldron Post, No. S2, of Nyack, 60 men.

Band.

Louis L. Robbins, commanding. Accompanied by Commander W. H.

Myers and 20 men from Silliman Post, No. 172.

John Hancock Post, No. 253, of N5-ack, 40 men.

Band.

George F. Morse, commanding.

J. H. Ketcham Post, No. 88, of Wappingers Falls, 40 men.

Band.

James Fenton, commanding.

First Company, Washington Continental Guards, N. Y. City, 24 men
Drum Corps, 12 pieces.

Independent Veteran Volunteers, of Poughkeepsie, 20 men.
Captain W. Platto, commanding.

Veterans of the 124th N. Y. S. Volunteers.

FOURTH DIVISION.

Marshal, John R. Post.

Chief of staff, E. R. Hasbrouck.

Aids:

G. W. Townsend. Ward Belknap.

West Point Band, 30 pieces.

Knights Templar Battalion.

Hudson River Commandery No. 35, K. T., of Newburgh.

Commander, Eminent Sir Knight J. Searle; 100 men.

Poughkeepsie Commandery, No. 43, K. T., of Poughkeepsie.

Commander, Eminent Sir Knight A. F. Lindley; 50 men.

Knights of Pythias Battalion.
Albany Uniformed Division, No. 2, of Albany.
Commander, Sir Knight M. J. Severence ; 60 men.

lona Uniformed Division, of Haverstraw.
Commander, Sir Knight Alonzo Bedell; 51 men.

Odd Fellows Battalion.

Brooklyn Uniformed Degree, Camp No. 2.

Commander Sidney S. Rowland; 65 men.

Washington Uniformed Degree, No. 10, of New York City,

Commander Lewis Noltej 40 men.

Highland Falls Lodge, No. 429, of Highland Falls.

John F. Tucker, N. G.; 40 men.'

Cornwall Lodge, No. 340, of Cornwall.

Henry Reveley, N. G.; 25 men.

MisceUaneous Societies.

German Mannerchor of Newburgh.

Theo. Ramstedt, President; 40 men.

Juvenile Temperance Association of Newburgh; 80 strong

George W. Bradley, President.

FIFTH DIVISION.

Marshal, Chief Engineer Nicholas Powell.

Staff:

Assistant Engineers of Newburgh Fire Department.

Visiting Companies.

Sixth Battery Band, of Binghamton.

Alert Hose Company, No. 2, of Binghamton.

J. W. Butler, Foreman; 50 men.

Erie Cornet Band, of Port Jervis.

Delaware Hose Company, No. 2, of Port Jer\'is.

E. B. Wilkinson, Foreman; 40 men.

V. M. C. A. Band of Yonkers.

Lady Washington Hose Company, No. 2, of Yonkers.

James McVicar, Foreman; 75 men.

Yonkers Brass Band; 15 pieces.

Hudson Hose Company, No. 4, of Yonkers.

Benjamin Cline, Foreman; 40 men.

Peekskill Comet Band,

Courtland Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1, of Peekskill,

Charles R. Swain, Foreman; 45 men.

North Tarrytown Fire Patrol, of North Tarrytown.

NEWBURGH.

Tarrytown Cornet Band; 17 pieces-

Pocantico Hook and Ladder Company, No. — , of Tarrytown

John P. Kelly, Foreman; 40 men.

Rhinebeck Brass Band, 14 pieces.

O. H. Booth Hose Company, No 2, o£ Poughkeepsie,

E. O. Caldwell Foreman ; 60 men.

Hurley Brass Band, of Kingston.

Kingston Hose Company, No. 2, of Kingston.

H. A. Burgan, Foreman.

Goeller's Band, 14 pieces.

Weber Hose Company, No. 3, of Rondout. •

R. P. Carter, Foreman; 27 men.

Band.

Protection Hose Company, No. i, of Catskill,

Spencer C. Phillips, Foreman; 30 men.

Washington Hose Company, No 3, of Newburgh,

Henry Scott, Foreman,

NEWBURGH FIRE DEPARTMENT.

Montgomery Band, of Montgomery, N. Y.

Brewster Hook and Ladder Company No. i, of Newburgh,

Wm. W. Boyd, Foreman.

71st Regiment Band, of New York.

Ringgold Hose Company No. i, of Newburgh,

John Ernest, Jr., Foreman.

2ist Regiment Band, of Poughkeepsie.

C. M. Leonard Steamer Company, No. 2, of Newburgh,

C. S. McKissock, Foreman.

Piano's Band, of Fishkill,

Columbian Hose Company, No. 2, of Newburgh.

J. H. R. Strachan, Foreman.

Jlillerton Band, of Millerton.

Highland Steamer Company, No. 3, of Newburgh,

H. C. Mellor, Foreman.

Eastman's College Band, of Poughkeepsie.

Chapman Hose Company, No. 4, of Newburgh,

Thomas H. Burke, Foreman.

Collins' Band, of Newburgh.

Washington Steamer Company, No. 4, of Newburgh,

Alex. J. Blitt, Foreman.

Cline's Albany City Band, of Albany.

Lawson Hose Company, No. 5, of Newburgh,

D. C. Cameron Foreman.

Grand-Stands were placed at intervals along the route. The
reviewing stand was in front of the Court House, in Grand Street, and
when the procession arrived there the distinguished guests left their
carriages and entered the stand, all the bodies saluting when they
passed.

After the parade exercises were held at the Headquarters.

ORDER OF EXERCISES.
I Introductory Overture— " William Tell ". ...Cappa's 7th Regt. Band.

2. Assemblage called to order by Hon. Peter Ward, Mayor.

3. Prayer Rev. S. Irenasus Prime, D. D.

4. Te Deum, "We Praise Thee, O God," by Dudley Buck. Grand Cho-

rus by 500 Voices and Band.

5. Introduction by United States Senator Thomas F. Bayard, President

of the afternoon.

6. " Hail Columbia " Chorus and Band.

7. Reading of a Poem (.original) "The Long Drama from '76 to '83."

Wallace Bruce.

8. (a) Music by Cappa's Band.

(d) Chorus, "No King but God."
g. Oration Hon. William M. Evarts.

10. Benediction Rev. Dr. John Forsyth, of Newburgh.

11. March Cappa's Band.

At night occurred a magnificent fireworks displajr from floats in
the river. Many additional excursion boats had aiTived early in the
evening, and the bay was filled with craft. The men-of-war and the
yachts were brilliantly decorated with colored lights, and besides set
off a great number of fireworks, thus supplementing the prescribed
exhibition. A large portion of the population viewed the spectacle
from the balconies and windows of their homes, while others congre-
gated on the nouse-tops down town and on the steamboats. The
chorus ot steamboat whistles on this occasion will long be remembered
by those who heard it.

The celebration was in charge of a committee of five — Mayor
Ward, ex-Mayor J. J. S. McCroskery, Hon. Joel T. Headley, Hon.

John C. Adams and Hon. M. H. Hirschberg, with Dr. R. V. K.
Montfort as clerk ; and under their directions were several sub-com-
mittees. Congress appropriated §25,000, the Legislatm-e SiS.ooo, the
Common Council about $7,500, and citizens subscribed about $5,000.
Thirty-five thousand dollars was reserved for a monument at Wash-
ington's Headquaters.

The press of the whole country, with one accord, complimented
Newburgh for " the most successful and the finest of all the centennial
celebrations." We quote a few of their expressions:

JVe7e^ York Observer — " The Committee of Arrangements had
been hard at work for many months in making preparations, and
their energy, wisdom and patriotism were fully rewarded by a
magnificent celebration, and a perfect success, not an accident having
occurred, and no failure in anything having marked the admirably
arranged program."

Ne-u.1 York Sun — " The procession was a very remarkable one in
its length, order and beauty. The oldest New Yorkers never saw
anything that they
think excelled it.
General Hawley,
of Hartford, said
he never saw any-
thing like it."

New 1 'ork Com-
mercial Ad7'ertzs-
rr— "The fire pa-
rade was the finest
ever seen in this
section."

The New York
Herald—" It was
a glorious day, and
the little city on the
Hudson had as fine
a military turnout
in its streets as has
been seen any-
where in the coun-
try this great while.
* * * * Though
perfected slowly,
the arrangement
of the procession
was skillfully car-
ried out, and after
the start was once
made there was
not the slightest
hitch."

New York Mail
and Express —
"The Newburgh
Centennial was a
perfect and mag-
nificent success.
The day was glor-
ious; the attendance was immense; the parade was splendid; the ar-
rangements were judicious and well carried out; the pageant was a
worthy culmination of a long series cf centennials, and the oration, by
Mr. Evarts, w-as a great effort, both as a historical review of a most
interesting and touching episode in the history of Washington and of
the country, and as a grand oratorical display."

New York Star—" The account of the celebration given elsewhere
tells with what spirit and zeal the people of Newburgh worked up
and carried out one of the most interesting and successful of our
centennial celebrations."

Hudson Register — " Newburgh has been drawn upon to its utmost
limits, and has proved equal to the emergency. The narrow streets
and narrower pavements are packed with a moving, surging throng
of human beings, but the utmost order prevails, and there is little

BOOT OF ONE

OF RIEDESEL

S DRAGOONS— (h

ESSIANS)

Washington's

Headquarters.

The man was

taken prisoner at Saratoga in

1777.

traveled on

foot with othe

prisoners on the

ir wa

Easton, Pa.

wearing boot

s of which this

s one

far as Middlehope (North

Newburgh), whe

e he

ex-

changed th

m for a lighte

pair.

N E W B U K G H

work for the large police force brought into requisition as a precau-
tionary measure."

Brooklyn Eagle — "Yesterday's celebration at Newburgh trans-
cended the expectations of the most sanguine in almost every respect.

THE TOWER OF VICTORY.

The crowd that attended the ceremonies immensely overtaxed the
capacity of the little town ; the best of order prevailed ; there was
only one accident worth mentioning ; the pageant was imposing, citi-
zens, soldiery and ships of war contributing all they could to the gen-
eral effect ; and lastly, the orations were excellent. The weather
favored the celebrants generously, and the main regret the thousands
who participated in it could feel was that all their friends could not
share with them the pleasure they felt. It is worth noticing that the
preparations made by the people of Newburgh, and the State and
General Governments, were singularly quiet and unostentatious, and
that the fact greatly exceeded the promise."

Kingston Frcfman—'' The celebration at Newburgh on Thursday
was m no sense a local or even a State affair, but it can fitly be termed
a national demonstration and a glorious commemoration of the cen-
tennial of the Revolutionary War. It was more than a great day for
the city set on a hill, and well may its citizens feel proud of the cele-
bration down to the smallest detail. The most captious critic could
not possibly find even a point to harp on. * * * All honor to the
Committee of five ! All honor to Newburgh's citizens, public and
private ! They undertook an immense undertaking, and how grandly
it was carried out will be a story that will be told again and again,
both by young and old who were there. That the marshals did
their work well, with precision and good judgment, was conceded by
all."

The memorial monument, or "Tower of Victory," standing on
the northeast corner of the Headquarters' ground at Newburgh, is
the result of a movement which was originated in the years 1S80-S1,
the primal design of which was to mark by a fitting monument not
only that spot, but also the encampment grounds at New Windsor

and those at Fishkill. This design, however, was subsequently
changed to a single monument at Newburgh which should commem-
orate the whole, and with this conclusion the matter was placed
in the hands of a committee of Congress and the Secretary of
War, who approved plans submitted by Mr.
Maurice J. Power, of New York, drawn
by Mr. John H. Duncan, architect. Some
changes were made in these plans resulting
in the structure as it appears. The dimen-
sions or ground lines of the monument are
3- by 32 feet, with a total height of 53 feet.
The four large archways open into an
atrium and stairways leading into a belve-
dere. In the centre of the atrium is a
bronze statue of Washington, copied from
Houdon's celebrated model by Mr. WiUiam
Rudolph O'Donovan, and is presumed to
be life-size as well as a true ideal of Wash-
ington's person.

Resting in niches on the walls are four
bronze figures representing the four arms
of the service in the army of the Revolution
— the Dragoon, the Artilleryman, the
Rifleman and the Line Officer — which
are claimed to be dressed in exact cos-
tumes of the times. Four large bronze
gates bearing seals and coats-of-arms of
the thirteen original States guard the
approach to the atrium, and are raised
and lowered by portcullis. A bronze tab-
let is set on the exterior east wall with
a figure of Peace in relief. It bears this
inscription; "This monument was erected
under the authority of the Congress of the
United States, and of the State of New
York, in commemoration of the dis-
bandment, under proclamation of the
Continental Congress of October iS, 17S3,
of the armies by whose patriotic and miU-
tary virtue our National Independence and
■ignty were established." The total cost of the monument was

GOV. GEORGE CLINTON.

LOCATION AND SURROUNDINGS.

Advantages of Newburgh's Situation — Highland Terrace — Contributing

District and Neighboring Villages — Beautiful Drives — Nature's

Handiwork — Historical Associations and Legends.

EWBURGH is situated on the margin of the Hudson,
on the face of its western bank — which rises from the
water in wide terraces — and on the plain to which the
terraces ascend. It presents a beautiful appearance
from the water, or opposite shore, especially when
lighted up by the morning sun, or by countless lamps
at night. The natural scenery about Newburgh has
an aspect of mingled grandeur and beauty, peculiar and unrivaled.
Before the city is the lofty range of the Fishkill Jlountains, on which
signal fires were lighted during the Revolution, and the group of the
Highlands through which the river flows. These are re-
flected in the broad and beautiful bay, broken by one soli-
tary rock island, and at all times animated by water craft.
The city is sixty miles from the mouth of the Hudson,
and one hundred from the head of navigation. Its harbor
is the best on the river, which is here a mile and a quarter
wide, with a deep and clear channel from shore to shore.
The whole length of the river front is lined with docks.

main turnpikes, from all parts of Orange and the adjoining counties
concentrate here, and are interlaced with innumerable subordinate
highways. Two score of villages are within contributing distance,
and a thickly settled farming country. Directly across the river are
two important manufacturing villages, Fishkill and Matteawan;
southward on the river are Cornwall, Cold Spring, West Point and
Highland Falls; and northward, also on or very near the river, are
Carthage Landing, New Hamburgh. Marlborough, Milton and
Wappingers Falls — all within

Numerous steamboats connect

^ GRAND AVENUE.

The largest ships that enter New York Harbor may have an
unobstructed and unchanging channel up the Hudson to New-
burgh Bay. Along the western bank, from Kingston south, a dis-
tance of ninety miles, the Palisades, the Highlands, and the
precipitous nature of the shore elsewhere, afford no advantageous
sites for large towns, except at Newburgh; and the flats, character-
istic of the east shore, and the unfavorable nature of the bank, are
obstructions to the buildmg of large commercial towns on that side.
Newburgh is the chief city of Orange County— a district famed
for its butter and milk, horses and cattle— and the largest commercial
and manufacturing city between New York and Albanv. A dozen

twelve miles of Newburgh.
with every other city, and with
almost every village, on the river,
some oi the craft being engaged
exclusively in the Newburgh
trade.

Besides being located on tide-
water, Newburgh is an import-
ant railroad center, having the
advantages derived from five
great inter-State routes, and the
lesser benefits of two or three
smaller roads.

The city is very compactly
built, with few breaks in the
blocks of buildings in the main
portion. The houses are mainly
constructed of brick. The place
has a solid, substantial and en-
terprising appearance.

In the immediate suburbs, just
outside of the legal boundary
lines, which, though outgrown,
have not been extended since the
lULorporation of the village in
I -'uo, is a large and wealthy popu-
lation, inhabiting charming
country-seats, with ample
grounds prettily ornamented.
Beyond is a g^eat farming
country, where the deep, warm soil is highly cultivated and pro-
ductive. Near the river fruit-growing is the principal business of
the farmers ; elsewhere dairjang receives the most attention.

The mountain formations south and west of us have been Ukened
to Nature's arm thrown lovingly around us. Willis said they ap-
peared to him " like a waving arm — like a gestiu'e from Nature, and
an invitation to come in and look around )-ou." It is the section
mainly within the curve of this bent arm, a ten-mile plain that was
years ago named " Highland Terrace," which we will attempt to de-
scribe in this chapter The terrace we speak of has an average
elevation of one hundred and twentv feet above the Hudson. Except

[49]

NEWBURGH

where villages clot its broad expanse, it is divided into well-ordered
farms, with walls and fences in good repair, roads hard and smooth,
the orchards full, neat capacious houses, and ample barns, and
the whole section quite rid of angularity, and having the graceful-
ness of a long-settled country. The drives are varied and beautiful,
and a curious as well as a picturesque feature of the landscape,

GLEN

is the multiplicity of deep glens. They are formed by the many
streams that cross the plateau — and the river into which they
empty being far below the level of the country, they have grad-
ually worn beds much deeper than the ordinary stream. At every
mile or so you will come to a sudden descent into a richly-wooded
vale, having visions of beauty everywhere, a winding brook at the
bottom, and romantic recesses, with a glimpse of —

•The

■ that mi
; stops on the i

so grandly along,
: to ripple a song."

From every little rise of the road, you must remember, the broad
bosom of the Hudson is seen, with the mountains in the background.
Any lover of nature will understand to what degi-ee sunsets and
sunrises and moonlights are embellished by such surroundings.
Along the river, with land highly priced for ornamental residences,
are some of the smoothest as well as the most romantically beautiful
of drives. It is a tempting trip along any of them when the hills
throw their afternoon shade.

For our first excursion let us drive directly northward, where we
have the choice of two lovely suburban roads, which, running through
the city only two hundred feet apart, touch each other at the city
line, then again two miles further on at the Balmville Tree, and
finally unite, after running parallel for five miles, on the farther side
of Cedar Hill. Both are wide and smooth, and lined all the way
with country-seats, with their green lawns and commanding river
vistas. Let us enter one of these Newburgh homes. The open gate
admits us to the smooth avenue. We have glimpses of an arbor
vitse hedge, a small and exquisite lawn — rare and flowering trees,
and bushes bey<md — a lustrous and odorous thicket, a gleam of the

river below — "a feeling" of the mountains across the river. The
grounds, though comprised of but five acres, are laid out in a large stj-lc,
that greatly enhances their apparent extent. A portion of the city
lies at the bottom of the hill, between the garden and the river, and
there is a road at the foot of the garden. But so skilfully are the
trees arranged that all suspicions of town and road are removed.
The enchanted visitor sees only the garden ending in the thicket,
which is so dextrously trimmed as to reveal the loveliest glimpses of
the river, each a picture in its frame of foliage, but which is not low
enough to betray the presence of road or town. An extensive walk
exhibits a complete botanical circuit of plants arranged in a scientific
manner — a rock-work for Alpine plants, a hot-house for superb tropi-
cal plants, and a pond for an aquarium, in which the water lilies and a
number of the aquatic plants are thriving. The house is externally
simple, but extremely elegant ; indeed its chief impression is that of
elegance. It is an EHzabethan style, designed to prove that a beau-
tiful, durable and convenient mansion could be built as cheaply as a
poor and tasteless temple. The house and its grounds are in con-
formity with the sun'ounding landscape, and in obedience to the
truest taste.

Continuing on our way, we pass the site of Weigand's old log
house, where General Wayne had his headquarters ; and farther on
Hathaway Glen — where a brook tumbles down successive rocks
through a magnificent gorge — and other little vales where rippling
waters flow. Two miles north of the cit)' is the Balm of Gilead,
which is certainly the oldest inhabitant. It is the largest tree in all
the country round, being nearly twenty-five feet in circumference.
There is a tradition that the old monarch was once only a drover's
gad, which, being stuck in the ground, took root. It is soft wood,
of the kind that grows from the shp. One day an old Middlehope
preacher came along, and seeing the slender rod growing there.

THE BALM OF GILEAD TREE.

thought it wovild make a good gad. So he stopped his horse, and cut

off the entire stock, and used it to enliven the movements of his nag.

The old tree is a hub where several roads concentrate. One

comes in from the northwest, from New Paltz, Plattekill, Modena, and

NEWBURGH

Fostertown, bordered all the way by fine farms, mainly growing
fruit. Another goes northward through Middlehope, past Cedar
Hill Cemetery, and through the thriving villages of Marlborough and
Milton, This is the principal highway through one of the best fruit
districts in the land. It is a prosperous section where many varie-
ties of fruit originated with men foremost in pomology-. It is
remarkable to see the long trains of wagons laden with fruit going
down to the wharves to meet the evening boats, just as in other sec-
tions hundreds of loads of milk go down to the railroad stations and
wharves.

Another road from the Balmville hub runs over the hill past the
Convent of the Sacred Heart, situated on a commanding eminence.
Our drive goes along the river-shore on the edge of the Terrace, be-
tween rows of green hedges and pretty country places. After a long
but gradual descent to the margin of the river, we come to Roseton,
where several large brickyards have almost destroyed the natural at-
tractions of a once pretty cove. That green point a bit beyond, jut-
ting into the river like a shapely index finger, is the Danskammer,
which marks the northern extent of Newburgh Bay. Its wild
attractiveness is somewhat marred by the railroads, but otherwise it
is as Nature made it. Here the native Indians for many generations
before the white man came met together to supplicate the Great
Spirit. Its name signifies the devil's dance chamber. Before start-
ing on expeditions the painted savages met here, built a
fire, and danced about, shouting and making strange con-
tortions. To the early settlers they seemed like hideous
devils. They worshipped here in this rude way for near-
ly a hundred )fears after the discovery of the Hudson.

Not far away in a field on the hill, years ago, a farmer
came to sow, and found a female form beautiful in death;
her silken hair damp with the dew of the i^Iay morning,
her white hands clasped over her brow, her pretty neck
marked with the prints of ruthless fingers. In the plowed
ground were the marks of footsteps, and by the fence the
track of a wagon's turning. Among all the country folks
none had seen that face before, nor could they find a trace
of him who left in their peaceful community the speech-
less evidence of a crime.

Southward from Newburgh extend several other broad
highways which split into feeders every few miles. One
of these, after passing through a manufacturing district,
crosses Quassaick Creek at its mouth. This creek is the
southern boundary of the city, and has a dozen mills and
factories on its banks from Orange Lake to the river.
Near its mouth it flows through a deep valley called the
Vale of Avoca. From a small glen a mile west of the
river the chasm widens and deepens as you follow the
course of the stream. The south bank sweeps ofE into a
semi-circle, but again crowds against the creek just before
its union with the Hudson. The banks on either side are
over a hundred feet high and precipitous. To one passing
the mouth of the stream in a boat the sides of the chasm
once presented a gloomy pass, just wide enough for the water,
railroad tracks run along its sides and cross the creek; but eve
changes cannot wholly deface its olden charms.

It was here an attempt was made to capture Washington while he
had his headquarters at New Windsor village. In this vale lived a
man named Ettrick. The tide set up close to his dwelUng in those
days, and a boat could be launched and reach the Hudson in five
minutes. This Ettrick professed to be a warm patriot, but those who
knew him best looked on him with suspicion. This man and this
spot were selected to effect Washington's capture. The plan pro-
posed was to have a boat ready, and a party of Tories secreted in the
wood near by when Washington should be in\nted to dinner. His
daughter overheard a conversation that exposed this plot, and in-
formed Washington of her suspicions, and begged him not to accept
the invitation of her father to dinner. The dinner hour was to be
late, so that it would be dark before the meal was over. Then the
seizure was to be effected, and the captive borne off to the bosom

of the Hudson. The boat, manned by strong rowers, would easily
have reached the English vessels below West Point before Washing-
ton would be missed. Instead of declining the invitation, he accepted
it, but in the mean time ordered a detachment of his life guard to
march to the place just at evening, and present themselves at the
door. While Ettrick was engaged in conversation with his distin-
guished guest, he heard their footsteps and the low command of
their leader, and supposing them to be the detachment of Tories, he
rose and laying his hand on Washington's shoulder, said;

" I believe. General, you are my prisoner."

" I believe not, sir, but you are mine," was the reply, as the life
guard closed around him.

He was immediately marched oft" and locked up.

A mile below the vale we pass through the ancient village of New
Windsor, a little collection of houses on the river-shore. The place
is now given over to brick-making, but before and during the Revo-
lution it was an important trading village. Its importance then
exceeded Newburgh's, and it was predicted it would become the chief
city of the central-Hudson valley. A large town was mapped out,
and the work of the projectors may be traced in the few remain-
ing streets, but it has its principal existence in old maps of record. In
this httle hamlet General James Clinton lived after his marriage, and
here his son DeWitt wns cradled. Subsequently James moved to his

Now
these

VALE OF AVOCA,

father's homestead in Little Britain. On the brow of the hill, on the
east side of the road, stood the old Ellison house, celebrated as
Washington's Headquarters at New Windsor. Washington came to
this place in 1779, and again in 17S0, remaining till the Summer of
1 78 1. When the British expedition passed up the river in 1777
treasure was buried in the soil. On November 12, 1S69, Silas Corwin,
while digging in his brick-yard, near the site of the headquarters,
unearthed a Mexican water-jug, which was placed with the mouth
downward resting on a flat stone. It contained 650 Spanish and
Mexican silver dollars, which were bright and clean. The treasure
was probably buried by someone who died without reveaUng his
secret.

A mile below New Windsor village is Plum Point, a wooded
promontory at the mouth of the Moodna approached over a natural
causeway. On Plum Point m the early part of the war for independ-
ence was erected a battery of fourteen guns, designed to assist in
maintaining obstructions to the navigation of the river which, at this

NEWBURGH.

point, consisted of a chevaux-de-frise stretching across to PoUopel's
Island. It was known in official orders as Captain Machin's battery.
Outlines of its embrasures are still visible. In the vicinity of the
battery are the remains of the cellar of the first dwelling-house in
this county. Its owner was Colonel Patrick MacGregorie, a Scotch
gentleman of fortune, who was chosen leader of a company of perse-
cuted Presb\-terians, who emigrated from Scotland and settled on
this beautiful spot. MacGregorie's brother-in-law, David Toshack,
who claimed the title of " Laird of Minivard," opened a store on the
south side of the creek and traded with the Indians. MacGregorie
was appointed muster-general of the militia, and held other official
trusts under the government. He was killed in the Leisler revolution
in New York in 1691. Toshack was buried here, as were other
members of the original coinpany, and ultimately the little settlement
was lost in the shadows of history. All that remains to mark it is
this old excavation.

The northern side of Plum Point is washed by the Moodna (or
Murderer's Creek), a fine clear stream that comes down from the hill
country of Orange County The glen where we cross it is one of
the most picturesque
places hereabouts.
It, too, has its le-
gends, but space for-
bids us telling the
story of the sacrifice
of the noble Indian
Naoman and the
massacre of the
Stacey family. One
of the tributaries of
the Moodna is a
brook that rushes
from the glen at
Idlewild, once the
home of Nathaniel
Parker Willis. In
full view on the brow
of the glen, two
hundred feet above
us, is his cottage.
The whole acclivity
is covered with the
primeval wood. In
this deep glen the

brook flows in

pic-

turesque rapids and

cascades over and among rugged rocks and overhanging trees
and .shrubbery, with a rustic footbridge, the solitary testimony that
man has ever penetrated this wild retreat.

We are now on the skirts i>f Cornwall, where painters come for
landscapes, professional men for exercise and inspiriting intercourse
with nature, and youth for schooling amid pure and ennobling scener5\
There are many summer hotels and boarding houses and fine man-
sions. Our road would take us up the side of Storm King if we
would go and view the whole of Highland Terrace at our feet. Its
summit afff)rds a view of a landscape at once one of the grandest
and most beautiful that can be found in the Union. Rising as it does
abruptly from the plain, the spectator gazing from this height is
placed as it were upon a boundary, a frame of mountains extending
quite round the picture. In this lies the Hudson, swollen into a
lovely expanse of bay, and on either side the fine, cultivated lands of
the rich old river counties — the clustered villages, the neat farm-
houses and the elegant villas gleaming through the foliage that sur-
round them. The soft green of the meadows, the golden hue of the
grain fields, and the darker tints of the forests, the sparkling lustre
of the river and the two small lakes west of Newburgh, which shine
like sheets of silver — all these form a picture such as we may suppose
greeted the eyes of Moses when he looked down upon the promised
land. The valley is also interesting to those who are fond of studying
the wonderful revolutions that have taken place on the face of our

continent, as being the supposed bed of a lake, the southern bound-
ary of which was the Highlands, through which the mass of waters,
ha\'ing burst, found their way to the ocean, leaving the bed of the
lake dry and forming the present channel of the river. Besides the
proofs which the man of science finds in the formation of this valley
— the various deposits, the erratic, rounded boulders scattered over
the plain like huge marbles cast in sport from a giant hand — the ter-
races of the river banks — the chain of mountains bearing witness to
a sudden convulsion — all serve to convince you that you are looking
upon a dry bed of a lake of noble dimensions.

Our road would also take us over Crow Nest's weird mountain,
through a labj-rinth of knolls, past small mountain farms inlanded
among irreclaimable rocks, among them some contrived by hermits
for inextricable privacy. A scion of a proud family after leaving col-
lege expended a small competency In a farm on the ridge. After
building his cottage he sought out a beautiful and poor girl, whoUy
uneducated, married her, and commenced cultivating a \'irgin mind
and a virgin farm, both with success. His wife grew a lady of un-
common dignity and intelligence, and while they passed their even-
ings with books,
their farm and dairy
were models by day-
light. Here you pass
through the f a i r 5-
scenes of the Culprit
Fay's romance of
love and its trials,
and coming out on a
high promontory,
the Hudson, long
hidden, bursts into
view again; and
West Point nestles
at your feet, framed
in the grandest
witcheries of nature
unrestrained.

Let us go back
to the Moodna,
where—

DODNA. A little way up

stands the building
known as his headquarters. After its occupation by La Fayette it
suffered very little change for years, the old stairways and
quaintly-carved mantels being retained. Now tenantless, it is
falling into ruins. The vault m the cellar, wherein it is said
the money obtained under "the Dutch loan" was deposited,
is still in good condition. The valley in which it is situated has an Ar-
cadian quiet and a rare picturesqueness from the ancient pines. It
has a history, too, from other causes than its association with the
name of La Fayette. Just beyond the headquarters, at the foot of
Forge Hill, Deacon Brewster, a Puritan, had a forge, with four fires
and an anchory. The ore used was from the Forest of Dean mines.
Here the chain which Peter Townsend forged at the Sterling Iron
Works was partly put together. Grass-grown mounds cover the
ruins of the old works.

Leaving the valley of the ^loodna, we ascend Forge Hill to the
tablelands of New Wmdsor, and on the old Continental road come
to a picturesque old stone and frame house known as the headquar-
ters of Generals Knox and Gates. The frame portion was erected
by Colonel Thomas Ellison, in 1734, for his son John. The stone
portion was built in 1754, William Bull being the builder. Generals
Knox and Greene and Colonels Biddle and Wadsworth occupied
three rooms in this house during five weeks in June and July, 1779;
General Knox occupied three rooms as military quarters ten weeks in
the fall of the same year; also, from the 20th of November, 1780, to

NEWBURGH

the 4th of July, 17S1, two rooms as military quarters ; and from May,
1782. to September, one room, making fourteen weeks. General
Knox was Washington's chief of artillery. Altogether his residence
here covered a period of over one year. The building was subse-
qviently occupied by General Gates— December, 17S2, to April, 1783.

REbiCENcE

OF FRANCi:

Two wide halls extend through the house, one in the main or stcne
portion, and one in the frame part, or wing. In the latter the ceilings
are only seven feet high, and show the heavy oaken beams. In the
dining-room, which is in the main part of the house, the walls are
panelled in oak, the handiwork of "William Bull. In the halls and in
all the rooms are open fire-places, whose woodwork reaches to the
ceiling. In the old days some of the fire-places could accommodate
logs six feet in length. Up stairs are numerous storerooms and
chambers, and the quaintest of all quaint stairways to the attic — a
mere square "wellhole," with angular steps on two corners. The
rooms all through the house are fitted with deep, roomy closets and
wide window seats. The windows have little panes of glass, most
of which have remained unbroken since they were put in. Tradition
affirms that on one occasion the brilliant Mrs. Knox gave an enter-
tainment here at which Washington was present, and opened the
dance with Maria Colden, who is said to have been the daughter of
Cadwallader Colden, jr. , of Coldenham ; that among the guests were
Gitty Wynkoop and Sally Jansen, of Kingston, who were great belles
in their day, and that a French officer who was present gallantly in-
scribed with his diamond ring the names of the trio on one of the
small window panes in the sash of the principal room. The glass
with the graven names remained in the sash to attest the truth of
the story for over one hundred years, and until recently removed to
insure its continued preservation during a period when the house was
not occupied. The mansion stands a short distance south of the

New Windsor cantonment, on the Silver Stream that rises in the hills
beyond Little Britain Square, and flows through the encampment
ground into the Moodna. Here at the mansion it forms a lake,
through which the highway crosses. From the lake the water was
conducted to the wheel of one of the oldest flouring mills in the
country, nestling under the trees on the
edge of a deep ravine.

Three hundred feet west of the house
stands the first Methodist church m Orange
County, erected by John Ellison in 1791.
He occupied the first floor as a store, and
the second floor was used for the religious
services of the class he had started some
years before. It was occupied by the
pioneers of Methodism till 1S07, when the
edifice on the hill was erected.

Along the old grass-grown Continental
road is the route to the last cantonment of
the main army of the Revolution. It is the
way along which came the recruits and
supplies from New England to the army
when in the Jerseys, and even when it was
far down in Virginia with Cornwallis in its
clutch. Washington and Knox and Gates
and those other Generals have traversed it
many times. As we drive along, the road
begins to ascend a hill, a wide valley spreads
out before us, and Snake Hill looms up
ahead. We are upon the campground.
The Silver Stream ripples along on our left;
the eminence on which the Temple stood is
on the right.

"The eye of fancy backward looks
Across a hundred years.
And lo, on Snake Hill's southern slope
The Temple reappears."

Leaving the campground we pass a stone house that has on its
northern gable the date of its erection — 1763. It was the house of
Deacon Samuel Brewster, who had the forge and anchorage on the
Moodna Soon our road intersects the turnpike leading to AVashing-
ton Square, in the district known as Little Britain. This was once a
district of such comparative importance that almost every place out-
side of Newburgh was said to be in Little Britain. It was the home
of the Clinton famil}' — Charles, James, George and DeWitt — who
had a controlling influence in the affairs of the State and nation, and
whose statesmanship, bravery and patriotism are recorded in the his-
tories and encyclopaedias of the country. When Forts Montgomery
and Clinton were carried by assault by the British, the American
garrison, under Governor George Clinton, were dispersed through
the mountains, and at length encamped at Washington Square, Gov-
erner Clinton having his headquarters at the Falls house. At noon
some soldiers brought to headquarters a man they had captured.
The story is that the stranger asked to whose command the soldiers
belonged, and they replied, "General Clinton's." As that was also
the name of the British commander, the spy, for such he was, asked
to be taken before him, expecting perhaps to be taken before Sir
Henry Clinton. They took him to Mrs. FaUs's house, where, instead
of Sir Henry CHnton, he found Governor George Clinton. Immedi-
ately the prisoner was observed to put something into his mouth and
swallow it. Dr. Moses Higby, who lived two miles east, was hastily
summoned, and gave an emetic that brought forth a silver bullet.
" Out of his own mouth " the spy, Daniel Taylor, was convicted.
Inside the hollow sphere was found a message from Sir Henry Clin-
ton to General Burgoyne, at Saratoga, telling him of the fall of
Forts Montgomery and Clinton, and that there was nothing between
them but Gates. This was the message for which Burgoj-ne long
waited. Hurrying on the march to the defence of Kingston. Clinton
took the spy along, and hung him at Hurley, almost in sight of the
burning town of Kingston.

NEWBURGH

Turning toward Newburgh again, we pass other historic land-
marks, among them the home of Dr. Higby, whose name will be ever
associated with the story of the Silver Bullet; and the residence of

"ALDENDELL"— THE RESIDENCE OF JAMES M. WENTZ— Grand Aven

Robert Boyd, the Revolutionary gun-maker, whose factor}' stood
on Quassaick Creek.

Ouassaick Avenue is another pretty drive. Starting from the great
stone bridge over the Quassaick, it is one of the most fashionable
residence suburbs — level, smooth and shaded. We
pass handsome gateways, showing the way by
winding roads to aristocratic residences partly
hidden by stately trees, and see evidences of the
highest art in landscape gardening. The avenue
leads straight to Woodlawn Cemetery, two miles
down, a pretty place, where some of the Clintons
are buried, and where roads branch off right and
left, the main highwaj' continuing on through the
townships of Cornwall and Blooming Grove, pass-
ing through the pretty villages of Vails Gate,
Salisbury Jlills and Washingtonville. Branches of
the Erie Railroad also run in this direction, con-
necting Newburgh with the main line, both at
Greycourt and near Turners. Along these roads
are, besides some of the villages we have already
named, Mountainville, Central Valley, Highland
Mills and Craig\-ille, all of which contribute to
Xewburgh's commerce.

Westward and northwestward extend other
highways that in the olden days freighted the
commerce of a large section of country to the
Hudson River at Xewburgh. The Newburgh and
Cochecton Turnpike, built at the beginning of tht-
century extends from the Hudson to the Delaware
through many villages. Along it are many his-
toric places, notably Coldenham, the home of the
Golden family, and Montgomer\- village. The
South Plank Road runs westerly to Orange Lake,
Walden, Pine Bush and to EUenviUe on the Dela-
ware & Hudson Canal. Orange Lake is a beautiful
covering 4<jo acres. It

and its outlet is Quassaick Creek. There is excellent fishing in its

waters and shooting on its shores. There is a trotting track here,

and Summer boarding houses. The Orange Lake Club, of Newburgh ,

have a clubhouse, where they have sports both

summer and winter.

The historical fact connected with the lake is,
that shortly after the war there was a coinage mill
or mint here, built on the outlet. It was erected by
Captain Machin, first for a grist mill. In 1787 he
formed a partnership with several New York men
for the purpose of coining money, and the firm
was afterward incorporated with a similar com-
pany chartered by the State of Vermont. Copper
was coined into money, Vermont money solely.
The building was of wood 30.X40 feet and two
stories high. The copper was obtained by melting
cannon, leaving the zinc in the alloy. A Httle
silver was coined also. The workmen sometimes
wore masks to create a terror in the neighbor-
hood. It is said that the first coin bearing the
motto " E Pluribus Unum " was made at this mill.
The enterprise was abandoned in 1790 on the
adoption of the Constitution. During the war
Captain Machin superintended the placing of ob-
structions in the Hudson. He settled in Newburgh
at the close of the war, but subsequently removed
to Schoharie County, where he died in 1S16.

Walden is a busy village on the Wallkill in the
midst of a dairying country. A fall of forty feet in
the river affords water power. The little town lies
embosomed in evergreens on both sides of the
river. The New York and the Walden Knife
Companies' works are here, as well as engine
works and other helpful industries.

The North Plank Road is the route to the northwest,
through various villages and districts. There are many other
roads that might be named to show the facilities for reach-

sheet of water
is fed by internal springs and small streams.

RESIDENCE OF MUNSON G.

ing Newburgh by wagon, and the wide extent of the contributing
district.

A VISIT FROM LA FAYETTE,

utterance
May this

|UESDAY evening, September 13, 1824, the beacon fires
were blazing on the mountain tops, proclaiming that
the ^Marquis de La Faj^ette would arrive in the village
on the morrow. The Vesuvian appearance of these
fires, reflected from shore to shore in the still waters
of the Hudson in two long, trembling columns, was
both grand and beautiful in the extreme, says a news-
paper of the period. The Marquis had received a briUiant reception
in New York, and came up the river on the chartered steamboat
James Kent. In Newburgh elaborate preparation had been made.
Two lofty arches, gaily decorated with green branches and flow-
ers, spanned Water Street. The one near the store of Messrs.
Reeve & Falls bore these inscriptions on opposite sides:

Hail! La Fayette, Son of Liberty, Hail!

Welcome once more to the land of the free.
Where remembrance of thee and thy deed.s will prevail,

And thy name with Washington's hallowed be.

Hail to the Nation's Guest!

The veteran hero 's welcome here,
Where Washington dismissed

His soldiers from their bright career.

On the other arch was this greeting: " La Fayette and Liberty!
Welcome, Illustrious Chief! "

In Colden Street an arch displayed this sentiment,
of La Fayette shortly after the close of the Revolution
great monument raised
to Liberty be an encour-
agement to the oppress-
ed and a warning to the
oppressor. "

In Smith Street an
arch, equal in tasteful
construction to any of the
others, bore beneath a
banner the words: " Our
Friend and Hero, La
Fayette." There were
other arches and profuse
decorations.

The Long Room in the
Orange Hotel had been
beautifully o r n a mented
for the occupation of the
General, and he was
pleased to remark that its
appearance exceeded in
elegance any other that
he had entered in Amer-
ica. At an early hour on
Wednesday morning
thousands of people were
hastening to the village
from the adjacent towns,
and at three o'clock in the
afternoon they were surg-
ing through the streets and congregating on the wharves. Four
companies of cavalry under the command of Colonel Charles C.
Brodhead were conspicuous: and besides the three infantry com-
panies of the village, led by Captain Myer and Lieutenants

RESIDENCE OF J, ABNER HARPER-

Smith and Carpenter, there was one from Fishkill Landing under
Captain Stevens, and another from Washingtonville commanded
by Captain Wyatt. It was a great disappointment that the late
hour of the Genej-al's arrival prevented the military display with
which as a soldier, he would have been gratified. But the steam-
boat which conveyed him from New York ran aground, and her
progress was prevented for three hours, so that it was near seven in
the evening when she arrived at Reeve & Falls's dock.

The troops were drawn up ready to receive him, and his landing
was announced by a national salute from a pair of six-pounders.
He was welcomed by the committee of arrangements, and presented
to Major-General Smith and suit and to Colonel J. W. Brown and the
officers in command of the cavalry and infantry. La Fayette being
seated in a carriage, the procession moved through Colden, First and
Smith Streets to the Orange Hotel, the houses being illuminated and
all the bells ringing merrily. At the door he was received by the
chairman of the committee and escorted to the Long Room, where
he was presented to the Corporation of the village and addressed by
President Francis Crawford, who said in part:

" Although, Sir, at this place you will not find Washington and
your former companions in arms, you will meet an ardent people who
love you. Although you will not find (in our vicinity), those soldiers
whose enthusiastic love of Liberty led them to encounter every
danger without the hope of reward, you will meet a small remnant
of that army, who, forgetting their age and wounds, have traveled to
a distance from their homes to welcome the arrival of their old com-
mander. And you will meet the children of those who boasted when
living that they had
fought b)^ your side in
Carolina, at'Brandywine,
at Yorktown, and were
fed and clothed at your
expense when languish-
ing with disease or sink-
ing under the severity of
a rigorous climate."

To which La Fayette
replied in substance that
he returned to the corpo-
ration and the inhabitants
of the Village of New-
burgh his sincere thanks
for the kind reception he
met with from them, and
for the remembrance of
his former services; that
he regretted extremely
that he could not have
arrived at an earlier hour;
that it would have given
him the greatest pleasure
to have visited the house
so long tenanted by the
great Washington, and
the ground where the
American army had en-
camped: that he felt the
greatest satisfaction at
the growth of our village
and the increase of its population, and the prosperit\- and happi-
ness of our country in general.

General La Fayette was then introduced to a great number of ladies
and gentlemen in attendance, and as soon as an opportunity offered

[55]

NEWBURGH

Johannes Miller, Esq. . president of the Agricultural Society of the
County of Orange, presented him a diploma of that society, with an
which the General made a short reply.

RESIDENCE OF A. H. HAVEMEYE

He then appeared on a balcony on the front of
the Orange Hotel, under a large arch, and re-
ceived the cheers and congratulations of the im-
mense crowd which filled the street.

About 9 o'clock a deputation from Hiram Lodge,
F. & A. M., invited and accompanied the General, his
son and M. Levasseur to the lodge room in the hotel
building, where he was received with Masonic honors,
and the Rev. Dr. John Brown deUvered to him an
address, to which La Fayette made an eloquent and
appropriate answer. After an introduction to his
Masonic brethren, he retired to the rooms provided
for him and partook of refreshments. He appeared
to be much fatigued, and on being introduced to
Colonel Brodhead he requested h'm to tender his
thanks to the cavalry under his command for their
attention.

The clamor of thousands of people in the streets -
to see him induced him to show himself again on the
balcony, and he expressed to them his regret that
unforeseen events had prevented him from arriving
by daylight m the village where he was experiencing
such a kind and marked attention.

While the supper was preparing he, with some
gentlemen of the Cincinnati Society and the Corpora-
tion of New York, visited the ladies in the ball room
at Crawford's Hotel, with the decorations of which
he appeared much pleased. Declining a superb seat
prepared for him he walked through the room among

the ladies and affectionately took the hands of all. On his re-
turning he expressed to one of the committee his great happi-
ness in this short visit, and that there were ' ' many beautiful
ladies in Newburgh." After 12 o'clock he
sat down to supper with about one hun-
dred gentlemen, and as he was about to
arise, Mr. Hunn, one of the gentlemen of
the reception committee, addressed him m
behalf of the Revolutionary inhabitants of
this vicinit)'. He said in part:

"You have now around you many
revolutionary characters (amongst whom I
glory in being numbered), who, like you,
heard the clang of battle and saw the blood
of war, and whose tottering limbs and
hoary locks do not prevent them from ex-
ulting in the reflection that they fought and
bled with Washington and La Fayette. * *
* If your time had permitted, it was our
intention to invite you to view the classic
ground where the American Armj- rested
upon their arms, after achieving the glorious
object for which they were called together,
where the immortal Washington, surround-
ed by his brave and experienced generals,
offered up to the omnipotent God of battles
his thanksgiving and praise for favoring
his arm to emancipate from the oppression
of a foreign potentate three millions of his
fellow beings and establish them a free,
happy nation; and where he disbanded an
army whose hearts he possessed, and like
another Cincinnatus retired from the field
of victory to the plough and the arms of
domestic peace."

The Marquis was then conducted by the
committee to the steamboat, which left the
dock about 2 o'clock, a. m., for Poughkeep-
sie. A deputation from Newburgh accom-
panied him to Poughkeepsie.

RESIDENCE OF MRS. E. R. JOHNES— Balm

A REMINISCENCE OF VILLAGE DAYS.

By N. P. Willis,

OuUDoors at lille^aild,'' 1855.

lUT the most interesting shop in Newburgh would never
be found out by the stranger. It is indeed, curiously
contradictory in its looks and run of custom. You
would go in and out of it and describe it as a cheap
bakerj', one of those old-fashioned, dingy half-shops,
with a long, single counter, on the street end of which
is a glass case for tarts and cakes, while the remaining
extension is covered with fresh loaves, scales and weights, brown
paper and ginger-bread. It is partly a grocery, too ; and behind you
against the wall, as you stand at the counter, are boxes of herrings,
drums of figs, coffee-bags, peanuts, starch, soap, lemons, candles, and
brooms. At the far end where the bags and barrels are set back to
give a foot or two of space, there stands a cheap old stove, with a
rusty funnel running up to the ceiling, and one or two old wooden
chairs around it. In all Newburgh there is scarce so shabby a shop.
Yet, in all Orange County there is not an apartment which receives
such an amount of aristocratic society. With the first settlement of
the town Chapman's bakery was the stopping place of the vehicles
of the wealthy families of the country round about ; and in spite of
a modern and spacious confectioner's shop a little further on, and
larger and more comfortable "stores" of every kind, near by, the
descendants of the old family aristocracy have continued to make the
narrow baker's shop their place of gossip and gathering. Towards
noon of every pleasant day. Winter and Summer, the handsomest
equipages in the neighborhood begin to assemble along that part of
the sidewalk at Newburgh. The gentlemen hand the ladies into
the shop, and there, for two or three hours, is the place for rendez-
vous, after the different errands of each, the place to be found by
their friends at a distance, and the place to exchange news, and gos-

door, are of

' IDLEWILD"— THE HOME OF WILLIS.-Cornwall.

sip away the morning. There are no better horses, more well-
appointed turnouts, or neater coachmen, on any public promenade in
in the country than are daily to be seen here. The gentlemen who
group about the flagstone step, or inside the little j
high consideration in the
city, for their fortunes and
family names. The ladies
who lay their costly hand-
kerchiefs down upon the
flour-barrels and sit around
the stove in the old whittled
chairs, and eat ginger-nuts
at the counter, are very fash-
ionable persons in full prom-
enade toilette. And so crowd-
ed is the long shop, between
eleven and two, that the boy
who has looked in at the
bow-window, and come in
for his cent's worth of gin-
ger-bread, fairly elbows his
way into the " best society"
to get at it.

But the curious part of
Chapman's bakery is, that it
suffices for the social want N. P. WILLIS,

of a large and wealthy neighborhood. There is no other so-
ciety. Nothing like a "party" is ever given by the rich fre-
quenters of the bakery. Dinner parties (in the common acceptation
of the word among the people of the same
fortunes) are unknown. Even calls on each
other at their houses are rare. And this is

_^ from no intended economy of time and money.

r " - They lead lives of ample leisure, and are as

liberal and cordial-hearted a set of people
as any in the world. But the restless liquid,
society, has been permitted to stand still, and
this (the social chemist will be interested to
know) is the natural precipitate. The Ducal
Cascine at Florence — that centre of the public
drive, where all the equipages of the fash-
ionable meet and stand still at a certain
hour, is the Chapman's bakery of the Tuscan
Court and nobility, only that they differ
from the Newburgh aristocracy in wanting
balls and suppers besides. The English ex-
clusives need a Hyde Park for a comparison
of equipages, matinees for a comparison of
out-door toilettes, and routs for the exchange
of ideas and the bettering of acquaintances,
but all these "first principles" are met and
their wants supplied by Chapman's bakery, at
Newburgh. Whether the bubbling cham-
pagne of fashionable life all over the world
would, if left long enough to itself, settle
down into the same small modicum of full-
ness of the social glass, is — open to dis-
cussion. [57]

NEWBURGH

WATER STREET— LOOKING NORTH FROM "THE SQUARE.'

Bk^. iTnnip ^

^^^Hi^'' '"

■

:■— •'-■fcp

<$ip>^|^^H

'■

•■■'■-

BROADWAY- LOOKING EAST FROM DUBOIS STREET.

STEPPING-STONES IN A CITY'S GROWTH.

Newburgh's Progress in Ten Years.

HE City of Newburgh was incorporated April 22, 1S65,
and the first Mayor, Aldermen and other city officers
were elected in the Spring of iS56. The incorporation
was one of the encouraging results of a period of com-
parative great prosperity and growth. The village had
always made substantial progress, though during a
certain period the growth was slow, owing to the de-
pressing effects resulting from the change in the mode of inland trans-
portation from stages to railroad trains, and from the exclusion of the
village for a time from railroad communication.

Without the financial ability to so control the enterprise of other
communities as to render the modern avenues of communication which
they have constructed tributary to the interests of Xewburgh, the
capitalists and business men of the place made a bold strugy;le for
)-ears against
the combina-
tions that
threatened i t s
overthrow. At
each successive
stage of the
changes grow-
ing out of the
general devel-
opment of the
country success-
ive generations
have met the re-
quirements that
have been laid
upon them. The
labor, the liber-
ality and the
capital which
were necessary
in I 801 to carry
the Cochecton
turnpike to com-
pletion were,
considering the
comparative
value of capital
and labor, equal
to that involved

in the construction of any railroad in the county. But it was not
the only undertaking of that character; its capital of $126,000 was
followed by a capital of $5,000 in the New Windsor turnpike,
S90 000 in the Newburgh and Ulster turnpike, S35,ooo in the
Newburgh and Sullivan turnpike, §14,000 in the Newburgh and
Plattekill turnpike, and S14.000 in the Snake Hill turnpike — making
a total of $284,000 expended for roads prior to 1S20. This sum
was to some extent shared by residents along the lines of the roads,
but the greater part was drawn from Newburgh.*

LIBERTY STREET— LOOKING SOUT

" History

EOr

age County,

In 1S29 Newburgh undertook single-handed the construction of a
railroad from the Hudson to the Delaware River, with a view to reach
the coal beds of Pennsylvania; but the charter was permitted to be-
come void. When the construction of the New York and Erie was
commenced, an effort was made to connect the Hudson and Delaware
with the Erie, and thus give Newburgh the eastern terminus; but
through local jealousies and disagreements between the leading cap-
itaUsts of Newburgh and of Goshen, in regard to the route which the
Erie should take, Newburgh lost the prize which her people hoped to
grasp. The road to the Delaware, however, was re-chartered and a
portion of the route was graded.

Under the financial revulsions of 1S37, work was suspended on both
roads, but on the Erie it was soon resumed, and the road was com-
pleted from Piermont to Goshen. At this time difficulties arose in the

prosecution of
the work on the
Erie, and fresh
efforts were
made to secure
to Newburgh
some of the ad-
vantages of its
construction.
This was ac-
complished b y
a n agreement
on the part of
the Erie Com-
pany — confirm-
ed by an act of
the Legislature
releasing the
company from
its Uability to
the State— to
construct a
branch road to
Newburgh.

Newburgh's
subscription to
the construction
of the Erie
Branch amount-
ed to one-third
of its cost, and an additional sum of $145,000 by loan or endorse-
ments.

The road was opened with appropriate ceremonies in January, 1850,
and was the first of the many railroads which now ' ' literally cover the
county with a network of iron rails." In the meantime the Hudson
River Railroad was building along the other side of the river. These
roads encouraged the establishment of manufactories, and by thickly
populating the surrounding country, served to build up a new country
trade.

The years 1S51-3 were remarkably prosperous; many enterprises
were started, and among the more important were the Washington

[59]

FROM FARRINGTON STREET.

NEWBURGH

Iron Works, the Quassaick Bank, the Savings Bank, gas works and
the present water works system. The construction of two plank
roads, one to EllenviUe and the other to Shawang^unk, was also un
dertaken, and both were completed, involving an expenditure of
about §150,000.

The population of the town and village increased from 9,001 in
1845, to 15,196, in 1S60. In 1S62 the Warwick Valley Railroad was
built from Greycourt to Warwick, and trains began running daily
between Newburgh and Warwick. Of the capital stock ($100,000)
Newburgh furnished $10,500.

During the war the total number of enlistments from Newburgh
was 2,410, and the total amount of money raised (aside from general

and old ones extended, and the private building operations were
considerable.

In 1S6S-9 the Newburgh and New York Railroad was built, being
completed in September of the latter year. It connected with the
Erie at Turners and made a shorter route to New York than the old
branch, and also brought Newbtirgh into easy communication with
another section of the county. About the same period Newburgh
capital contributed in a measure to the construction of the Dutchess
and Columbia Railroad, now known as the Newburgh, Dutchess and
Connecticut Railroad, and for a period a free ferry was maintained
between this city and Dutchess Junction, the terminus of the road on
the opposite side of the river.

WATER FRONT— BEFORE THE

taxes) was $367,644.94. But the sacrifices imposed on the town by
the war were not without their recompense. Great activity was
excited in channels which the war developed. The Washington Iron
Works, for example, had so increased its business that in 1S65 its
works covered twenty acres, and its monthly pay roll was $60,000.
Other branches of business prospered likewise, and the prices of real
estate and the compensation of labor were greatly enhanced. At
the time of its incorporation the city had a population of 13,905, and
with the town added, 17,389.

The effect of the municipal reorganization was another impetus to
business. Many public improvements were made, the facilities for
public education wrre greatly multiplied, new streets were opened

In the Winter of 1S67-S the Newburgh and Wallkill Valley Rail-
road Company was organized, and in the ^lay following the Legis-
lature made it lawful to borrow on the credit of the city $350,000 to
aid the construction of the road, and to issue the bonds of the city
therefor, on condition that the consent should be obtained in writing
of a majority of the taxpayers, who should own or represent more
than one-half (in value) of the real and personal property of the city.
The route selected was from a connection at Vails Gate with the
Newburgh Branch and the Newburgh and New York Railroad to
Walden. But to that route a number of influential citizens objected,
and, furthermore, the Newburgh and New York Railroad Company
having made no tangible agreement to second the enterprise, the

NEWBURGH

result was the failure to obtain the necessary consent to bond the city.
The Newburgh and Midland Railway Company was organized
shortly afterward, mainly bjr the opponents of the Vails Gate route.
George Clark was elected President; Odell S. Hathaway, Vice-Presi-
dent; Alfred Post, Treasurer; John Dales, Secretary; and the
Directors were, besides the above named, A. S. Cassedy, A. T. Rand,
Bradbury C. Bartlett, Seth M. Capron, David Moore, James W.
Taylor, Wm. R. Brown, W. J. Roe, jr., Lewis M. Smith and Wm.
O. Mailler. An effort was made to bond the city for $500,000, and,
what was presumed to be, the consent of taxpayers representing more
than one-half of the value of the taxable property was obtained.
The project was strongly opposed by the supporters of the Vails

the condition of the city in which they lived. The project of building
a road to the Wallkill valley has been agitated every few years since
then.

Newburgh experienced about the same effects from the reaction fol-
lowing "war times" and from the panic of 1873 as did other cities,
except that it continued to progress, and resumed its normal ac-
tivity at the first sign of the returning tide of prosperity. In 1S75 the
value of the annual products of the city was estimated at $3,369,175,
of which the seven steam engine works produced nearly one-half.

The past decade has been the most prosperous in the history of
Newburgh. In iSSo the growth became so rapid and substantial, so
tangible and definable, that it was popularly called in the language

WEST SHORE RAILROAD WAS BUILT.

Gate route, as the hne selected was to extend from the west end of the
city to Walden, thence to Fair Oaks on the :Midland Railroad. County
Judge Thomas George decided that the signatures to the petition did
not represent one-half of the value of the taxable property of the
city — $555,099 of the amount being held by executors, administrators,
etc. , whose right to represent the trusts in this matter was denied.
The General Term affirmed the decision, Justices Tappen and Gilbert
concurring and Justice Barnard dissenting. That ended the project.
These various enterprises, even though some of them failed,
owing to honest differences of opinions, proved the remarkable public
spirit, the energy and liberahty of our citizens in those days. They
encouraged and contributed freely to all proper schemes to improve

of the day " a boom." It has continued ever since, in apparently the
same degree. All branches of business have felt the impulse, and
under its enlivening effects the appearance of the city " has been
transformed and its size greatly increased. The growth has been
so remarkable for an eastern town as to attract wide attention. The
population has increased about twentj'-eight per cent, in the ten years,
and now (iSgi) it is estimated at abovit 24,000, not counting the large
suburban population. Newburgh is a much larger and more import-
ant city than would appear from a consideration of the space and pop-
ulation enclosed within its corporate lines, and our people com-
monly estimate that it is the center of trade for a population of 65,000.
The number of our manufacturing industries has nearly doubled in

NEWBURGH.

the past ten years, while in the value of their products they have in-
creased many fold. Large districts within the corporate limits hitherto
sparsely or altogether unoccupied, have been compactly built up, and
both private and public enterprise has been greatly stimulated. The
increase promises to continue in as great ratio for years to come,
when Newburgh's advantages as a manufacturing city shall become
more fully appreciated.

One of the forces which imparted the impetus was the building of
several new lines of railways to the city, opening up new sections and
affording competing routes to all parts of the country. Seeing that
every requisite — water and rail communication, cheap coal, cheap
freight rates, nearness to the great trade center of the nation, a large
population, and every desirable municipal convenience — awaited their
hand, it was a natural consequence that manufacturers should be at-
tracted to the place, and that those already here should put forth
greater efforts.

A NEW ROUTE TO THE EAST.

Newburgh awoke Thursday morning, December S, iSSi, to find
itself the western terminus of the New York and New England Rail-
road, extending from the Hudson to the Atlantic, through Danbury,
Waterbury and Hartford to Springfield, Worcester, Norwich, Prov-
idence and Boston.
The first work for
this road on the east
side of the river was
beg^n March 27, of
that year. A large
tract of land was re-
claimed from the
river,piers and ferry-
slips were built,
tracks laid and sev-
eral depot buildings
erected. On this
side a ferr y-s 1 i p
was built in the Erie
Railroad yard, and
subsequently anoth-
er in theWest Shore
Railroad yard. The
first regular passen-
ger train arrived at
Fishkill from the
East in the morning
of December 8, and
passengers crossed
the river on the
ferry to Newburgh,
and continued their
journey westward. For

IBERTY STREET— LOOKING NORTH FROM

few weeks freight trains were ferried
across the river by tugboats and scows, but on January 6, 1S82, the
large transfer steamer William T. Hart arrived, and took her place on
the route, and has ever since been engaged in transporting trains be-
tween the Erie and West Shore, on the west side of the river, and the
New York and New England, the New York Central, and the New-
burgh, DutchesE and Connecticut on the east side. It is the largest
transfer steamer on the Atlantic coast, being nearly three hundred feet
in length, eighty feet width of beam, and capable of carrying twenty-
seven cars in one load. It has two decks, and two engines and two
boilers, working independently, and is steered by steam. As the
distance is only about a mile between docks, and as the boat is kept
running day and night, some idea can be formed of the heavy traffic.
Passenger trains, as a rule, are not now transferred from shore to
shore, but for a considerable period express trains were run without
change between Washington and Boston, via Newburgh. Hundreds
of freight cars are transferred daily, thus making a direct and cheap
route between the New England States and the West and Southwest.
The coming of the new road caused important enlargements in the

railroad facilities in Newburgh. The Erie laid another track to Vails
Gate Junction, made an additional switchyard, and built a new round-
house at West Newburgh, and, in brief, practically doubled its
already large terminal facilities here.

BUILDING THE WEST SHORE.

In the meantime the New York, West Shore and Buffalo Railway
was building along the west shore of the Hudson and across the State,
parallel to the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad. The
contractors for the work through this city were Ryan & McDonald
from First Street south, and Ward, Mackin & Co. from First Street
north. Operations were begun here Monday, December 5, 1S81, by
tearing away the rear of the buildings between Fourth and Fifth
Streets and Water and Front. On January g, following, the first
work was done at the South End. Entering the city at grade, the
road passes through a tunnel under the Erie tracks, thence gradually
ascending until it reaches an elevated structure, on which it runs
over numerous cross streets through the principal business section.
Like a scythe it cut a swath through solid blocks of buildings. The
rear ends of many were removed, and in numerous cases buildings
were entirely demolished. The appearance of the southeastern part
of the city especially was greatly changed. Railway trains now run

over the old sites of
a number of manu-
facturing and other
important estabhsh-
ments, which were
forced to put up new
buildings elsewhere.
Building operations
were thus greatly
stimulated; numer-
ous transfers of real
estate were made
daily, a Board of
Trade was organized
several new factories
were started, and
every branch of bus-
iness was enlivened.
In the spring of 1S82
one of the public
journals estimated
that there were two
thousand more
people employed in
the city than were
here eighteen
,RRiNGTON STREET. months before.

The West Shore

was opened between Newburgh and New York June

The first train left here at 7.15 a. m. A great crowd

and about one

When the train

Railway

4, 1883.

gathered at the station to see the train depart

hundred and thirty Newburgh people took passage

sped away the crowd cheered, and many steam whistles sounded

noisy salutes. Similar demonstrations were made at other places

along the line. This new road not only gave Newburgh another

route to the West, but, what was at that time of more importance,

direct communication with all the villages on the west shore of the

river.

OTHER NEW ROADS.

The New York, Ontario and Western Railroad was opened to
Newburgh and New York the same day as the West Shore. This
road extends from a junction with the West Shore, four miles and a
half south of Newburgh, to Lake Ontario.

The Warwick \'alley Railroad having been extended to Belvedere,
N. J., and connected with the Pennsylvania and Jersey Central
systems and reorganized as the Lehigh and Hudson, in iSSg a con-

NEWBURGH

necting line called the Orange County Railroad was
laid from Greycourt Junction to Burnside on the Central
New England and Western Railroad, which was built
through Orange and Ulster Counties the same year.
About the same time the Pennsylvania, Poughkeepsie
and Boston Railroad was opened between Goshen on
the Erie and Slatington, Pa.

NEW MANUFACTURING CONCERNS.

Within the past ten years the following important
manufacturing concerns have been started in Newburgh:

1880— Brokaw Manufacturing Company, (flannel out-
ing garments.)

1881— Sweet, Orr & Co., (overalls.)

1881— Whitehill & Cleveland, (overalls.)

1883 — Edison Electric Illuminating Company.

1883— Newburgh Paper-Box Factory.

1884 — Coldwell- Wilcox Company, (iron founders and
machinists.)

1885— T. S. Marvel & Co., (iron shipbuilding and engi-
neering works.)

1885 — Newburgh Electric Light & Power Company.

1S86— Ferry & Napier, (hats.)

1886— The Perfect Liquid-Measure Manufacturing Co.

1887— Kilmer Manufacturing Company, (wire works.)

1887— Newburgh Upholstering Company, (furniture.)

18S8 — Storm King Pants Company.

1889— Newburgh Wood-Working Company, (builders'
supphes.)

i8Sg — Hudson River Paint Company.

1889 — Standard Chemical Fibre Company.

1890 — Granite City Soap Company.

1890 — Hyer-Sheehan Electric Motor Company.

iSgo — Newburgh Reed Company, (reed chairs.)

i8go — Newburgh (artificial) Ice Company.

1890— McGiflEert & Wands, (soap.)

1S90— F. W. Perkins, (flour and feed mill.)

1891— Little Falls Paper Company.

1 891 — Coldwell Lawn Mower Company.

The above, however, does not adequateljr indicate
the increasing importance of Newburgh as a manufac-
turing city, as it does not take into account the remark-
able growth of the manufactories established here
previous to 1880, nor the rapid development of the
newer ones, some of which starting with a very few
hands now employ hundreds. The following large con-
cerns have either erected new and larger establishments
on new sites, or have added large buildings to old
plants within the past ten years:

(William) Wright Engine Works, (new plant.)
Whitehill Engine and Pictet Ice Machine Co., (new.)
Chadborn & Coldwell Manufacturing Co., lawn

mowers, (new.)
Newburgh Moulding and Planing Mill, (new.)
James McCord's brush factory, (new.)
Newburgh Woolen Mills, (enlargement.)
Newburgh Bleachery, (enlargement.)
Newburgh Plaster Works, (enlargement.)
Newburgh Steam Boiler Works, (new)
Grove Paper Mills, (enlargement.)
Newburgh Steam Mills, (enlargement.)
Highland Mills, cai-pets and rugs, (new.)

ACTIVITY IN REAL ESTATE.

As has been said, the construction of the New York,
West Shore and Buffalo Railway through the heart of
the business district brought about great activity
in real estate affairs. Then the establishment of

NEWBURGH

new manufactories and the enlargement of old ones, together with the
numberless other enterprises that were undertaken, attracted many
new residents, for whom dwelling places had to be provided. At times
builders could not hire enough help, and no man or woman that could
work had to look far for a situation. Newburgh being compactly built,
the operations were principally on the skirts of the thickly settled por-
tion ; thus the city has grown southward and westward, and in a les-
ser degree northward. Probably the proportion of citizens who own
their own homes is greater now than ever before. Ambition has been
stimulated in that direction, and it is unnecesssry to note the good re-
sults which follow the gratification of this desire in the great majority
of cases.

All the indications are that the growth is healthy. It is altogether
based on the results of past earning and saving. There is every
reason to expect the continuance of the " good times." The situation
and advantages of the place are now such that it is not likely to
lose its share of the good things going.

Unfortunately no record has been made — except for a period of
two years and three months — of the number of buildings erected
within the corporate limits. In the Fall of 1S87 a Building Inspector
was appointed b)' the Common Council, but in 1890 the Mayor, hold-
ing that there was no authority in the Charter for the appointment
of such an officer, made no appointment. The following will show
the number of buildings (not counting additions) erected from
October i, 1887, to January 1, 1S90:

Brick. Frame. Total.

October, 1S87, to January, 188S 31 17 48

Jan'jf to April, 1SS8 18 5 23

April to July, iSSS 20 12 32

July to Oct., 188S 54 33 87

Oct. to Jan'y, 1889 26 24 50

Jan'y to April, 1S89 23 9 32

April to July, 1889 35 12 47

July to Oct., 1S89 50 23 73

Total, two j'ears 257 135 392

October, 1S89, to January, 1890 28 21 49

285 156 431
From March 1, 1890, to March i, 1891, the Superintendent of the
Water Works issued 140 permits for tapping the mains; 108 were for
new buildings, but often one tap was made to answer for two
buildings.

On October 22, 1887, an auction sale of city lots occurred on the
Roe property, in the western portion. Several streets had been laid
out through the plot. About one hundred lots were sold, together
with the stone mansion. There was a huge clambake in the open
field, and refreshments were served in a tent.

December 26, 1887, fifty-one building lots were offered at public
auction by James Taggart, at West Newburgh, and thirty-one sold
for $11,007.

WASHINGTON HEIGHTS.

This beautiful tract of nearly one hundred acres of land in the
southern part of the city, so recently reclaimed from husbandry and
built up with substantial dwellings, demands extended notice; but
in a brief sketch of what it was and is the contrast will show what
growth and development has obtained in a very short period. Only
about four years have passed since this district, now presenting every
evidence of thrifty city life, had but a single habitation, a farm
house in the midst of broad fields on which bountiful harvests were
produced, It was a beautiful landscape, wonderfully adorned by
Nature. It was the homestead farm of the late Captain Henry Robin-
son, who had purchased the tract of two hundred and sixty-seven
acres and upward at a public sale, under the foreclosure of a mort-
gage, on July 21, 1824. He was a retired sea captain, and resided in
a mansion long since removed, but which stood near the corner of
Liberty and South WilHam Streets. He died March 9, 1866,
possessed of this farm, with its original boundaries substantially un-
broken. Subsequently to his death the entire tract was used for agri-
cultural purposes, but the high bluff at the east end overlooking the

river, was at various times secured for public purposes, and became
the scene of popular sports, the site of the county fair, of military
encampments, and the Newburgh Base Ball Association fenced a
field for ball grounds. In 1S86 the city had grown close up to the
northern boundaries of the farm; on the north, east and south sides
were many important industries, and it became evident that the
barriers to the possession of the property could not long withstand
the onward march of Progress.

On October 26, 1S86, Henry T. McCoun purchased from theheirs-
in-law of the original proprietor that part of the plateau east of Lander
Street, embracing about forty acres, and entered into an arrangement
with Colonel Charles H. Weygant for its speedy development on an
extended scale. These gentlemen caused this land to be carefully sur-
veyed and laid out. They opened and graded streets, and laid sewer
and water pipes through each; they flagged the sidewalks, curbed,
sagged and paved the gutters, macadamized the roadbeds, and set
out shade trees. All these and other improvements were made at
their own expense, and no lot was sold without such improvements or
a contract therefor that was in all cases faithfully performed.

The streets are from fifty to sixty-six feet in width, and the
deeds require the buildings to be placed twelve feet back from the
street lines. This twelve feet of space in front of each house, form-
ing a grassy terrace between the sidewalk and the houses, is a pretty
feature. Liberty Street and Lander Street, two of the principal thor-
oughfares of the city, were extended through the plot, and the fol-
lowing other streets were opened: Carson Avenue, Overlook Place,
Courtney Avenue, Henry Avenue, Beacon Street and Bay View Ter-
race, the latter extending along the edge of the bluff on the south and
east sides. Renwick Street was already open through the property
from Bridge Street east to the river, but commonly only the plot
south of this street is designated Washington Heights. Over 2 "3
miles of streets and 450 lots were thus laid out.

It is worthy of mention that in all the deeds for building lots
executed and delivered to purchasers is inserted the stipulation and
agreement that no strong, spirituous or intoxicating liquors or
beverages of any kind shall ever be manufactured, brewed, distilled,
prepared, rectified, sold, or offered or exposed for sale upon any part
of the premises, a covenant which will last as a memorial to these
gentlemen after they have passed from earth.

All the work on the Heights was well done and received instant
and grateful approval by an appreciative public. The streets are
regularly laid out, broad and straight, and the squares have generally
right angles. The streets were accepted by the city, the electric
light introduced, the horse railway extended to the corner of Liberty
and Renwick Streets, and the denizens of the Heights enjoy the
same municipal privileges as their more crowded neighbors.

The enterprise has been successful far beyond the expectations of
even its projectors. The first lot was sold December i, 1886, and
only about a score of the four hundred and fifty remain with the
company at the present time. The first building was erected in
the Spring of 1887; at this writing there are 185 houses on the plot.
They vary in cost from two to eight thousand dollars ; the aggregate
valuation of the whole plot and its improvements is estimated at
$1,000,000. In some of the more recent sales, lots have sold for four
times the price originally charged, and in no instance has a lot been
sold except at an advance from the first price.

On October 25, 18S7, that part of the Robinson farm located west
of Lander Street and east of William and Bridge, 42 acres in all, was
purchased by Colonel William D. Dickey and Captain Joseph M.
Dickey, brothers, from the heirs. They immediately began to im-
prove that part north of Renwick Street by opening and grading
streets, and on the following Thanksgiving Day they held a public
auction of building lots. Ninety-six lots were sold for a total of S22,-
257. In the Spring they laid out and graded other streets through a
portion of the land south of Renwick Street, conforming to the adjoin-
ing plot of the Washington Heights Company, and on Decoration Day
held another auction sale, with a balloon ascension by Carlotta as an
added attraction. About eighty lots were sold under the hammer that
day, for a total of $22,687. Since that time many more have beensold
at private sale. So far 130 houses have been erected on this plot, and

NEWBURGH.

the indications are that dwellings will be erected at the same rapid
rate till the whole Washington Heights district is built up.

The location of the Heights is most sightly. The plateau is about
one hundred and thirty-seven feet above the Hudson, and on the

eastern side lises precipitously almost from the shore. It is no higher in
reality than the general level of the city on the hill, its distinguishing
peculiarity being the high bluff on the river side. It commands a
magnificent view of the whole expanse of Newburgh Bay, the High-
lands, and all the grand water and mountain scenery surrounding
the city. It is Init a few rods south of Washington's Headquarters,
and the pretty Vale of Avoca is on the southern side. The dwellings
line nearly every street and avenue, generally in regular succession. It
is difficult to select any particular spot for the subject of admiration,
but standing at the east end where people resort for the river view,
and looking westward the scene is one of unparalleled thrift and
beauty. The angular and broken roofs rise far in the distance.
Flowerbeds and miniature parks and lawns surround pretty cottages.
The settlement is highly creditable to our good name, and consistent
with the general beautiful appearance of the city. The majority of
the houses are owned by their occupants, who desired individuality,
comfort, and convenience in their homes. Besides the beautiful and
convenient location, one of the qualities of the Heights is healthful-
ness. Pure air, sunlight and perfect drainage are secured. The rapid
growth and improvement of the Heights will undoubtedly continue
with verj' little abatement, until all the intervening land lying toward
the southwest boundary of the city is built upon.

The Washington Heights addition has encouraged improvements
in that neighborhood, so that the whole southern part of the city has
undergone a remarkable transformation in the past few years. Within
a comparatively brief period also the Second AVard between Dubois
Street and Robinson Avenue has been compactly built up. Many in-
expensive but neat cottages have been erected there. Broadway has
likewise shared in the building movement, and has become, mainly
within the past ten years, a business thoroughfare of importance.

HENRY T. McCOUN was born in the Town of N-ew Winds. .r,
(adjoining Newburgh) in the neighborhood called Bethlehem, in iSn-.
He remained at home till sixteen years old, and then went to Tr. >
N. Y., where he spent eight years learning the business of a jewv
and watch-maker. He came to Newburgh in 1S41 and started in
mercantile business for himself. In 1S51 he was elected a member
of the Board of Village Trustees and served one year. He was al>' i
a member of the hook and ladder fire company.

In 1S62 he went to New York and continued in mercantile business
there till 1S85, when he retired with a competency, having engaged in
many enterprises of the day, most of which were very successful.
The latest, and probably the most important and successful, was the
development of the Washington Heights section of this city, in which
operation the rare business sagacity of the man was best exhibited.
Although comparatively a stranger in Newburgh for the preceding
twenty years, he at once perceived the possibilities of the project
when the plan was unfolded. And while his large investment of
capital has returned to him vastly increased, there is no one to
begrudge him a farthing of it, for by it he has wonderfully helped
the city, aroused the dormant spirit of enterprise throughout the
whole community, and by his liberal conduct in the handling of the
property has enabled many persons to benefit themselves. Although
now seventy-five years old, !Mr. McCoun is still in vigorous health and
strength, and in the full enjoyments of the fruits of his well directed
labors. He frequently comes to Newburgh from his home in New
York City. His wife was Eliza Waring, of the Town of Newburgh,
and she with three daughters and one son yet survives.

COLONEL CHARLES H. WEYGANT is a representative of the
oldest Newburgh family. He is a descendant of Michael Weigand, one
of the original Palatine settlers of this city, and was born in Cornwall

COLONEL CHARLES

WEYGANT.

July S, 1839. After graduating from the public schools of Newburgh,
he was prepared for college at the Ashland (N Y ) and the Clavarack
Collegiate Institutes. But instead of going to college he went to the

NEWBURGH

war. When the raising of the 124th Regiment, N. Y. S. V. , was begun,
he was commissioned as captain and raised the first company for that
famous regiment, which left for the seat of war early in September,
1862. Captain Weygant was the senior captain of the regiment, com-
manding Company A. He took an active part in the battles of Fred-
ericksburgh, Chancellorsville, Beverly Ford, Gettysburgh, Wilder-
ness and Spottsylvania; and in every general engagement of the
Army of the Potomac after Cold Harbor until the close of the war.

At the battle of Gettysburgh, Colonel Ellis and Major Cromwell
were killed, and Lieutenant-Colonel Cummings was wounded, leav-
ing the regimentincommandof Captain Weygant for about a month.
Shortly afterward he was commissioned as Major, his commission
dating from July 2, 1863, and later he was made Lieutenant-Colonel,
dating from the same time. Colonel Cummings commanded the regi-
ment until the morning of the second day's battle of the Wilderness,
when he was severely wounded, so much so that he never resumed
duty.' The regiment then passed under the command of Colonel
Weygant.

Previously to receiving his commission as Colonel from his State,
he had been brevetted Colonel by Congress as a special recognition
of his services and those of his regiment, who during the siege of
Petersburg captured
one hundred and
eighty Confederates,
their commanding
officer and battle
flag, killing and
wounding thirty
others, without los-
ing a single man on
his side. Colonel
Weygant was
wounded first at
Chancellorsville, a
scalp wound which
only invalided him
for a few days, after
. the battle was over.
The 124th was one
of the eight regi-
ments which led
Hancock's charge al
Spottsylvania, and
here Colonel We)--
gant was wounded
in the leg, after his
regiment had cap-
tured four guns,
over three hundred

prisoners and a rebel flag. This wound kept him from dutj^
about seven weeks. At Boynton Roads, while in command of
a force consisting of the 124th New York and Berdan's second
regiment of sharpshooters, he was again wounded — in the side
— which kept him from duty about five weeks. His regiment,
acting as sharpshooters, took a conspicuous part in Grant's last
campaign, skirmishing with the enemy's rear guard nearly every
day from Petersburg to Appomattox, capturing many prisoners, guns
and wagons, and losing twenty men, killed and wounded, in the last
encounter between the Army of the Potomac and the Army of
Northern Virginia, the day preceding Lee's surrender.

After the war Colonel Weygant engaged in carriage manufactur-
ing, and continued in business till 1S70, when he was elected by the
Republican party Sheriff of Orange County for the term of three
years. In 1878-80 he was Mayor of the city. In 1S86, in company
with Henry T. McCoun, he purchased the eastern portion of the
Robinson farm, and planned and carried out the greatest real estate
movement in the history of the city. This work has conferred a last-
ing benefit upon Newburgh, and the Washington Heights addition
will ever stand a monument to his enterprise and ability. Colonel
Weygant has for years filled a prominent place in both the

social and business life of the city. He was chosen as the Grand
Marshal of the great Centennial parade in 1S83, and how ably he
planned and led it has been told already. Colonel Weygant is a
working member of the Board of Trade, a Trustee of Trinity M. E.
Church, and was for a number of years Commander of Ellis Post, G.

A. R. He is the author of the " History of the 124th Regiment, N.
Y. S. Vols.," a well-written book that has had a large circulation.

In 1S6S Colonel Weygant married Charlotte, daughter of Samuel

B. Sackett, of Newburgh, and they have one daughter.

THE STREET RAIL'WAY.

On January iS, 1S86, the Newburgh Street Railway Company made
application to the Mayor and Common Council for the right to build
and operate a surface road from a point at or near the western line of
the city, down Broadway to Colden Street, through Water to Third, to
Front, to the Union Depot; also a branch thereof on Liberty Street
between Broadway and Renwick. On February 19 the Common
Council granted the application upon specified conditions.

On March 30, 1SS6, the company asked for the right to extend the
line from the corner of Water and Third Streets, along Water to a

point at or near the
northerly line of the
city, and on May 7
the franchise w a s
sold at public auction
in the Common
Council rooms to the
Company, the nomi-
nal price being one-
tenth of one per
cent, of the gross
earnings of the ex-
tension from Third
Street north. Ground
was broken Novem-
ber 22, and a large
force of men was
employed till the
road was completed
to the Union Depot
in Front Street, De-
cember 22. The of-
ficers of the com-
pany were Charles
D. Haines, Presi-
dent; Andrew G.
Haines, Vice-Presi-
dent; George W.
Elmer T. Haines, General Man-
D. Haines, George W. Stetson,
Andrew G. Haines, Frank H.

IBERTY STREET— LOOKING SOUTH FROM CAMPBELL STREET.

Stetson, Secretary and Treasurer;

ager. Board of Directors; John

David S. Haines, Elmer T. Haines,

Stanley and Charles D. Haines. New officers have since been

elected.

On Thursday evening, December 23, 1886, the railway was form-
ally opened between West Newburgh and the Union Depot. Build-
ings were decorated and great crowds gathered along the line. About
seven o'clock three cars started from the stables at the western end.
The cars were named the " B. B. Odell," in honor of the Mayor, and
" G. W. Stetson," and " Haines Brothers," in honor of the builders of
the road. The first car was drawn by " Tom " and " Jerry," a beau-
tiful pair of Norman horses loaned for the purpose by the Beveridge
Brewing Company, and to the other cars were attached two other fine
teams also owned by the Brewing Company. All the way down the
line bonfires were blazing. A squad of police headed the procession
and cleared the way. They were followed by a band of music and a
mighty throng of people. The ovation began at the house of High-
laud Steamer Company. The fire-bell was rung; the steamer was
run out on the street and its whistle blown, the firemen and the
assembled populace cheered, and many kinds of fireworks were set

NEWBURGH

oflf. As the procession marched down town the enthusiasm waxed
warmer. Discharges of caunonry shook the houses, steam whistles
shrieked, rockets hissed, and the broad avenue became choked with
people. The people in Colden and Water Streets also made a great
demonstration. The cars were occupied by the Mayor and other
municipal oiScers, members of the Street Railway Company and
representative citizens.

PROPHETIC WORDS.

They halted in front of the United States Hotel, and JIayor
Odell introduced Mr. G. L. Terry, of New York, who addressed the
crowd in behalf of the Haines Brothers. He said in the course of
his remarks:

"You can hardly imagine, now that this road is only being
what great and important changes it will make and intro-
duce among you. Far-seeing as you may be, familiar as you may
be and as you are with the past history of Newburgh, with its present

enterprise inaugurated to-night. I am proud to have taken so humble
a part in such an auspicious occasion, and especially as it occurred in
this beautiful and historic city, rich in associations with the past, rich
in its bright prospects for the future, than which there is none more
beautiful and renowned even of all the cities which line the shores of
the famous river whose waters roll at your feet."

Ex-Mayor A. S. Cassedy responded for Xewburgh.

The railway line was subsequently extended through Water Street
to the northern line of the city; and in addition to the stables at the
western terminus, large and handsome brick car stables were built on
Broadway, corner of Carpenter Avenue.

DOWNING PARK.

In his Annual Message to the Common Council in 1SS7, Maj-or
Odell said:

"At various times it has been suggested that we should make use
ot the property now owned by the city, and which was formerly a
part of the Smith estate, as well as such additional lands surrounding

ACADEMY OF MUSIC.

condition, with its needs for the future in the way of business
and otherwise, with its advantages for increased development,
you will still find, as time goes on, that this road will work
changes, all beneficial, valuable and helpful that you did not dream
of, that you did not and could not anticipate. Facilities for business
and travel create business and travel, but to what extent, to what
marvelous extent, will be known only when this enterprise shall be
in full and successful operation. It would seem vain in me to at-
tempt to describe to you, who are so much better acquainted with
the city, its future prosperity as a result in part at least of this enter-
prise, but I may say what is I believe a judgment based on some
experience. It means increased activity in all your business interests
and their material and immediate enlargement. It means steadier
employment for all classes of workingmen and better reward for all
kinds-of labor. It means more business for all your banks, and mer-
chants and newspapers, and hotels and mechanics, for all who minis-
ter to either the wants or luxuries of your people; it means an exten-
sion of your territorial limits; new streets, new residences, business
blocks. It means, in short, the development of the city in every possi-
ble manner, and in every possible direction. When you see outlying
sections improved, and intervening sections built up by reason of new
and convenient facilities for intercourse; when you see prosperity in-
creasing and ambition augmented, you will attribute it largely to the

the same as might be deemed necessary, as a public park. Certainly,
no portion of our city is better adapted for this purpose. Situated in
the center of the city, of easy access, and commanding, as it does, a
magnificent view of the surrounding country, it seems to have been
designed by nature for such a purpose. Statistics from other cities
show that the increased valuation of adjacent property fully repays
the cost of acquiring and maintaining such imprcivcmen't. If' deemed
wise, the subject should be thoroughly investigated, and I believe a
presentation of the same could be made that would meet the approval
of all our citizens."

At a meeting of the Council on April 5, the Street Committee, with
the Mayor and the city attorney added, was instructed to make
inquiries in reference to the purchase of land between Dubois Street
and Carpenter Avenue, and between Third and South Streets, for
the purposes of a public park, and to ascertain the price and other
information. At the next meeting the committee, consisting of
Aldermen Kernahan, Cochrane and Kelly, and Mayor Odell and
City Attorney Graham, made a favorable report. A special election
was ordered to be held at the house of Columbian Hose Company on
May 24. On the evening previovis to the election a public meeting

NEWBURGH

was held at the Court House. A. S. Cassedy, Daniel S. Waring,
James G. Graham, Rev. J. N. Shaffer and W. W. Gearn spoke in
favor of the appropriation. On the morrow 373 ta.xpayers voted in
favor of the appropriation of $30,000 and 153 against.

On the first of July W. L. Smith executed a deed of the property
to the City of Newburgh.

Messrs. Vaux and Olmstead, architects and landscape gardeners,
formerly pupils of the late Andrew J. Downing, volunteered in con-
sideration that the park should be named " Downing Park," to
furnish plans for laying out the grounds. The sentiment of the
people, as voiced by the press, seeming to concur, the offer was
eventually accepted.

Downing Park has a very sightly location, and part of it being on
a high eminence, a view of the river, the surrounding country and of
a large part of the city is afforded. It has long been a popular resort
and playground in Summer.

THE ACADEMY OF MUSIC.

The projectors of the enterprise which secured to Newburgh this
large and beautiful edifice and a popular place of amusement were
J. P. Andrews and E, S. Turner. In December, 1SS6, the lot was
purchased from Robert Whitehill for $15,000, and the erection was
commenced in the Spring of 1SS7. The building stands on the north-
west corner of Broadway and Grand Street. It has a frontage on
Broadway of 85 feet, and a depth of 140 feet. The style of architect-
ure is Romanesque; the walls of the first story are built of brown
stone, and the rest of North River brick, with terra cotta trimmings.
The auditorium is eighty feet long by forty-five in depth, and about
forty feet high. The stage is eighty by thirty-five feet. There are
twelve dressing rooms, two balconies, four bo.xes, and the auditorium
will seat nearly thirteen hundred people. It is heated by steam, and
lighted by both electricity and gas. The interior is handsomely finish-
ed, and the arrangements and conveniences fulfil the most modern
ideas. The first story on the Broadway side is rented for mercantile
purposes, the second for offices, and the third and fourth to Masonic
societies. Messrs. T. & J. Wilson were the contractors for the mason
work; Thomas Shaw's Sons, carpenters; Ward & Logan, painting
and frescoing; William Nixon, gas fixtures; Henry McCann, plumb-
ing; J. H. Dotzert, electric light fixtures; L. W. Seavey, of New
York, scene painter; J. J. Meehan, of New York, stage carpenter.
The Academy was formally opened September 17, iSSS. The total
cost was about 895,000. The stock-holders are J. P. Andrews'
estate, Thos. Shaw's Sons, T. & J. Wilson, Ward & Logan, Henry
McCann, J. Henry Dotzert, E. A. Brewster, John D. Van Buren,
Henry T. McCoun. The first manager was A. Stanley Wood, and
the present lessee and manager is Fred M. Taylor.

JOHN P. ANDREWS, to whom Newburgh is mainly indebted
for its beautiful Academy of Music, was born at AVoodbury, Conn. ,
June 6, 1817. In his 5'outh he learned the mason trade, and the knowl-
edge he possessed of this practical art was the basis of the success he
achieved in after life. He became an expert at his trade, and was
entrusted by his employer with the most important work. When
comparatively young he undertook contracts on his own account, one
of the first, if not the first, being a railroad job for Commodore Van-
derbilt.

In the years that followed Mr. Andrews built railroads in many
parts of the country, and had a wide acquaintance among the lead-
ing railroad operators. As a member of the firm of Dillon, Clide &
Co. he built the Grand Central Depot, and the approaches thereto, in-
cluding the Fourth Avenue Tunnel, in the City of New York. He
built the great Bergen Tunnel for the Erie Railroad, and all the ma-
sonry for the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad through
Buffalo, the road being elevated in that city. At the time of his death
he was engaged on three contracts, namely, the construction of the
Dutchess County Railroad, an extension of tlie Lehigh Valley Rail-
road, and an extension of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.

Mr. Andrews for several years owned and lived at Home Farm,
at Wallkill, N. Y. In 1877 he bought the handsome residence 291

Liberty Street, and moved to Newburgh. He formed a strong at-
tachment for the city, and contributed to its advancement in many
ways. He erected several fine buildings, and aroused the spirit of en-
terprise in other capitalists. He was an officer of the Newburgh Real
Estate Company, which developed a valuable tract of land in the city,
and was one of the organizers, and at the time of his death the Vice-
President of the Edison Electric Illuminating Company.

But his crowning work for Newburgh was in connection with the
Academy of Music, for which he furnished most of the capital. At
his death he owned three-fourths of the stock and was President of
the company.

Mr. Andrews died at his country-seat near Cairo, Greene County,
November 26, 1S90. The cause of death was apoplexy. In him New-
burgh " lost a citizen unportentious in manner, active in public spirit,
upright in character, and who demonstrated repeatedly in this city his
interest and devotion to the public weal." The people of Newburgh
had a warm regard for him, and his memory will be cherished for his
identification with the material advancement and progress of our city.

JOHN P, ANDREWS.

Mr. Andrews was twice married. By his first wife, Harriet Bron-
son, he had two sons and one daughter, namely, J. B. Andrews, of
Denver. Col., Frederick, and Edna H., wife of William C. Chambers.
His second wife was Josephine Jerome, who has one daughter, Adelee
M,, wife of Dr. F. S. Cole.

NEWBURGH FREE ACADEMY.

This institution of learning was completed and dedicated Septem-
ber 2. 1SS6. The architect was F. A. Wright (of Rossiter & Wright,
of New York), a graduate of the Academy; the contractor was Thomas
Dobbin; Thomas Shaw's Sons sub-contractors for the carpenter work;
the superintendent of construction was William Harrison, a member
of the Board of Education; the total cost was about S6S,ooo. Work
was commenced August i, 18S5. The edifice, which is constructed
of brick, with brown stone trimmings, contains three stories and a
basement. It stands on Montgomery Street, on the site of the old

NEWBURGH

Academy, which was erected in 1796. It has a frontage of 112 feet
and a depth of 6S. There are twelve class rooms, each 31^^x23 feet,
and each containing single desks for forty-five pupils. There are
twenty-one rooms in all, including an assembly hall SS feet in length
by 64 in width , which will seat between six and seven hundred persons ;
janitor's quarters, drawing room, laboratory, etc. The heating and
ventilating is by the Rutan S5-stem; the light enters all the class rooms
over the left shoulders of the pupils; the stairways are broad, easy of
ascent and descent, without windings or abrupt turns. In these as in
many other particulars, the Academy is patterned after the most
modem ideas in school architecture. The interior can be lighted by
gas or electricity.

The dedicatory exercises were held in the Assembly Hall on the
third floor, and over six hundred people were present, among them
Hon. A. S. Draper, State Superintendent of Instruction; Rev. Dr.
John Forsyth, of Newburgh; Rev. Dr. Cornwell, Prof. Edward Wells,
of Peekskill ; Colonel H. C. Hasbrouck, Commandant of Cadets at

the interior are of pine, with shellac finish. The joiner work is all
hand-made, and that in the best manner. The doors are heavy and
beautifully paneled. The rooms are handsomely fitted up and cheer-
ful. At the dedicatory exercises there were present a number of
delegates from other Associations. Addresses were made by Rev.
Dr. W. K. Hall, President E. S. Turner, and Rev. G. A. Hall, and a
poem entitled " E. S. Turner, His JIark" was read by Rev. John
JIacnaughtan. The Association owes the building mainly to the in-
defatigable efforts of E. S. Turner, who was the President, and J. T.
Bowne, who was then Secretary. Mr. Turner subsequently erected
a handsome office building adjoining the Y. M. C. A. building, of
simUar design.

GRAMMAR SCHOOL NO. 6.

On March iS, 1S91, the Board of Education aw-arded to T. & J.
Wilson the contract for the construction of a new school building,
situated at the comer of Liberty and Renwick Streets. The building

West Point; Judge E. L. Eldridge, Superintendent of Schools of
Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; Major E. C. Boynton, Homer Ramsdell, Esq.,
Mayor Odell and ex-Mayor Cassedy, of Newburgh. Dr. Forsyth
offered prayer, and addresses were made by President L. M. Smith,
Hon. Jas. G. Graham, Hon. A. S. Draper, Hon. O. D. M. Baker, Presi-
dent of the Poughkeepsie Board of Educaticni, and Mr. T. C. North-
cott, of Elmira.

THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BUILDING,

Which is located on the corner of Third and Smith Streets, has a
frontage of 31 feet and a depth of 77, with three stories and a base-
ment. The architects were McKim, Mead & White, of New York;
the contractors, William H. Hilton for the carpenter work, and John
Little for the mason work. The construction commenced in Septem-
ber, 18S2, and the building was dedicated with appropriate ceremo-
nies June 15, 1SS3. The general style of the building is colonial.
The exterior walls are of selected North River brick laid in red mor-
tar, and trimmed with quoins of molded Croton brick and blue stone.
The total cost of the building complete and furnished was over S24,-
000. The first floor and basement are used as a gymnasium, in the
second story are the parlor and reading rooms, and on the third floor
is a hall with a seating capacity of three hundred. The finishings of

is 74 feet in width and 76 in depth. There are eight class rooms,
each 28x23 feet, and having desks for forty pupils. A hall, sixteen
feet wide, extends through each of the first two stories, with two class
rooms on either side. The third storj- contains the assembly room.
The building is heated and ventilated by the Rutan-Smead system.
The estimated cost is about $30,000. F. E. Estabrook, of Newburgh.
was the architect.

THE GOVERNMENT BUILDING.

In 1S91 Congress appropriated Sioo,ooo for the erection of a pub-
lic building in Newburgh, and the Government purchased a plot at
the southeast corner of Montgomery and Second Streets on which to
erect the structure. This plot is 100 feet on Montgomery Street and
125 feet on Second Street.

Other evidences of recent growth are: Three new churches; three
newspapers; the enlargement of the water works system; two iron
steamboats for the Homer Ramsdell Transportation Company; electric
fire alarm system; the proposed addition of two new wards, and the
rearrangement of the system of municipal government; mail delivery
by carriers; Newburgh made a port of delivery.

THE CITY OF NEWBURGH.

Characteristics and Advantages.

E year iSgi finds Newburgh a large, bustling, thriving
city, equipped with every modern facility and con-
venience preferred by an ambitious and cultivated
people. By these is determined the civilization of a com-
munity more than by anything else, for without them it
could not do the complex duties of a highly organized
society. Judged by its institutions, Newburgh is a
model city. Its educational system, its religious, benevolent and
social organizations, its sanitary, water, fire, street and police ar-
rangements would befit
a municipality of far
larger growth. It has
become an important
manufacturing and rail-
road centre, as well as a
delightful residence place
and the general market
and depot of supply for a
broad region of country.
Our streets are mac-
adamized or paved, and
our flagstone side-walks
beneath stately elms and
maples, are miles and
miles in extent. Water
is cheaply supplied by
the city. The rate ol
taxation is lower than in
any other place of equal
population; the municipal
debt is insignificant ami
merely nominal. The
cost of living is low;
rents are not high; coal
is cheap; meat, flour and
the staple household
supplies are as reasonable
i n price here as anywhere
else, while milk, butter
and vegetables can be
had at country prices;
clothing, drygoods, fur-
niture and carpets are
supplied by our large
houses at New York
prices. No comforts of

the great cities are denied to residents of Newburgh, while a
thousand and one that may be had here cannot be obtained in New
York. The social standard maintains a healthy and moral atmos-
phere, which permits a greater degree of liberty, and discourages the
rough element to an extent which challenges comparison with any
city in the land.

We have a climate nearly perfect, whose hygienic qualities no
language can fitly describe; an ideal mountain range to temper the

WATER STREET— LOOKING SOUTH FROM FIFTH STREET

wind and purify the air, while north and south in beauty ever renewed
stretches the valley of the Hudson, fringed in the distance by the
softened outlines of the mountains.

'' For whereso'er we turn our ravished eyes.
Bright gilded peaks and shining prospects rise."
Great cities do not occur by accident. They rise from natural and
artificial causes, chief among the former being a dominant geograph-
ical position. That must be where extended lines of land and water
carriage meet, and where the contributory country is extensive and
rich in resources. When
these are joined with en-
ergetic and capable men
the result is as certain
as anything may be with-
in our range. Now apply-
ing this to Newburgh, let
us consider the follow-
ing :

First— The city is sit-
uated almost midway on
the great river which
separates the Eastern
from the iMiddle States,
and on the only water
course freighting the
products of the great
West to New York city
and the ocean. It is also
located in the centre of
one of the best agricul-
tural and dairy districts
nf the United States.

Second — The city is
in direct communication
with the great coal fields
and iron deposits of
Pennsylvania, whereby
these products are trans-
ferred to the water's edge
in the city without break-
ing bulk, and thence by
floats or boats the same
cars are transferred to
rails which penetrate
every part of New Eng-
land, while coal-carrying
and transport coal to any accessible port on
the coast.

Third — The city is situated in the very heart of one of the largest
fruit-growing districts in this country, the cultivation of which is
annually increasing and furnishing employment to thousands of men,
women and children.

Fourth — The city bears on its three .sides, within easy distances,
the first or second great Hudson River brick-making industry. [71]

NEWBURGH

Fifth — The city is favored with a railroad and steamboat system
which leaves nothing to be desired. The resources for cheap trans-
portation are, therefore, all at hand here.

Sbcth — The cheapness with which coal can be laid down here in
quantities, added to the water power which is running to waste,
answers the question as to the cheap power for manufactm-ing.

Water transportation is the key to commerce, and when joined with
railways completes the situation. Cheap coal, competing freight rates,
good sites, low taxation, and water power are the keys to manufac-
turing. Reviewing all these conditions, one risks nothing in predict-
ing that Newburgh will become a great manufacturing and com-
mercial city.

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.

The appearance of the city proper is not only inviting, but visitors
are impressed with its compactness, with the regularity and neatness
of the avenues, and the solid and substantial appearance of the build-
ings. It is singularly tree from dingy streets and squalid tenements.
It is laid out generally in regular squares. The site bcmg mainly on
the slope of the river bank, there is good drainage, and every rain
washes the streets clean. The surface water is collected in silt basins
where required, and conducted in sewers to the river. The streets
also carry pipes for water, gas and electric wires.

Water, Colden and Front Streets, running parallel and close to the
river, and Broadway, extending westward from the river, are the
principal business streets. Grand Street, which has eight churches
and three public buildings, is on the edge of the first plateau, and
at Dubois Street begins the broad tableland on which the west end
of the city is built.

The streets are lighted by both gas and electricity — 383 gas lamps
and no electric lamps. The total cost of lighting the streets last
year was $24,180.04. Within the fire limits the erection of frame
buildings is prohibited.

The streets are in charge of a superintendent, who has a corps of
corporation workers, who clean and macadamize the roads, collect
garbage and make all ordinary repairs. Dioring the past fiscal year
the amount expended under the supervision of the street superinten-
dent was $10,058.96.

For two miles the river-front is fringed with almost an unbroken
line of wharves. Newburgh is a port of delivery, with a resident
customs officer. Ocean vessels are constantly at the docks among
the river steamers. At the extreme south end of the river front we
have the group of New Windsor brick yards. At the mouth of Quas-
saick Creek are the iron works of the Coldwell- Wilcox Co. , and the
great depot of the Pennsylvania Coal Company, where coal is
shipped to points along the coast, the river and the canals. Coming
north we pass the West Shore Railroad switchyard. Marvel & Co.'s
iron, ship building and engineering works, one of the two Erie
Railway switchyards and the New York and New England Railroad
ferry; next, the landing places of the regular lines of boats, and far-
ther north, the Beveridge Brewery, the paint works, plaster works,
cotton mills and Wright's engine works. Interspersed along the line
are large storehouses, foundry and machine shops, coal and lumber
yards.

The streets next the river are Front and South Water. The former
extends from the Union Depot to South Street, and gives access to
the steamboat landings. It has wholesale houses, manufactories, etc.
South Water Street extends through the South End manufacturing
district. Water Street, next west of Front, is the principal retail
thoroughfare, though Colden Street and Broadway have recently
given it a strong opposition.

It is predicted by some that Broadway will eventually become our
principal business street. Handsome buildings are almost constantly
under construction, and solidly-built blocks now extend from Colden
Street far over the hill. It has factories, stores of all kinds, churches,
missions, clubs and places of amusement, and day and night the
sidewalks are thronged with people.

The Quassaick Creek, which is the southern boundary, furnishes
excellent water power, and has a dozen factories on its banks, with
room for many more. Newburgh has two public parks: Downing

Park is the height of land seen in the west, and Washington's Head-
quarters park may be distinguished by the flag always flying from its
giant staff. To those who pass on the river, or along the opposite
shore, we would say that it is only about one-third of the town which
they see, and that the hills are not so steep as they appear to them.

CITY GOVERNMENT.

The growth of Newburgh has been encouraged since its incorpor-
ation as a city by wise government. In the administration of its affairs
there has been nothing to regret — nothing which we would wish to
undo. The Government has alwaj-s been forehanded in its policy.
Its system of public works is complete, and need only be extended
from time to time as the growth of the population demands. The laws
and ordinances provide for every detail of government. No extraor-
dinary expenditures can now be foreseen, and the rate of taxation,
small as it is, will more probably be reduced than increased in the
future.

YEARLY TAX LEVIES.

The City's Assessed Valuation, and the Amount of Taxes Required
for Different Purposes Since Incorporation.

STATE AND

>* '

2-S

^r,,:.-..

VALUATION.

LEW.

RENTS.

TAX.

TAXES.

1867

$8,032,667

$67,376 72

$14,796 05

$110,998 44

$193,17121

186S

7,873.049

77,966 00

20,086 79

117,414 69

215.467 48

lS6q

7.569,415

63,489 50

17.754 64

111,960 43

193.204 57

1870

7,004,929

81,770 27

19,566 73

100,173 57

201,510 57

1871

6,056,995

79.849 97

19,679 63

111,586 07

211,115 67

1872

6,093,305

96,684 98

20,667 60

92,027 Si

209,380 39

1873

104,477 95

23,572 68

79.493 01

207,543 64

1874

5.723.850

99,233 28

27,258 17

85,006 49

211,497 94

IS?';

5.628,735

102,925 49

29.307 71

90,519 17

222,752 37

1876

5,617,060

104,999 32

28,295 02

72,804 50

206,098 84

IS77

11,821,025

103,658 II

29,882 01

58,001 82

191,591 94

1878

11,470,775

98,068 25

29.767 33

60,844 16

188,679 74

1879

9.273.035

99,358 48

28,559 75

56,721 76

184,639 99

18S0

9,122,010

80,562 37

30,696 29

53.745 01

165,003 67

8.591,859

90,475 64

27,334 50

52,333 17

170,143 31

1882

8,678,168

97,629 57

27,429 II

46,421 47

171.480 15

18S3

8,716,043

100,236 38

30,427 37

45,175 46

175.839 21

18S4

8,971,729 05

103,297 02

30,882 78

65.S91 78

200,071 58

188s

8,981,845

111,374 88

29,944 16

61,614 82

202,933 86

1886

9,058,203

112,513 79

30,882 00

61,336 49

204,732 28

1887

9.130,399

113,217 07

34,384 00

62,732 96

210,334 03

iSSS

9,208,604

131,227 50

32,885 00

64,346 56

228,459 06

lS8q

9,330,819

145,560 93

36,054 50

61,706 58

243,322 01

1890

9,328,170

145,519 42

37,056 50

79.270 80

261,846 72

1891

9,203,785

138,057 14

38,594 09

69,242 25

245.893 48

There are outstanding bonds against the city as follows :

Water bonds $ 286,000 00

Glebe fund bond (issued 1S85) @ 3 per cent 25,170 00

City Park bonds (issued 18S7) ® 3'A per cent 12,000 00

Quassaick Creek Bridge bonds (including New Wind-
sor's share, issued 1881) @ 4 per cent 56,000 00

Electric fire alarm bonds (issued 1S89) @ 3K per

cent 3,60000

$382,770 00
The Water bonds, ?'. c, the debt on the water works, are provid-
ed for by the annual water rents.

The total amount of taxes levied and raised upon the taxable
property of the city during the past year was as follows;

School and Contingent, Police and Light, (City taxes) $138,057 14

State and County taxes 69,242 25

Water rents, levied by Board of Water Commis-

38,594 09

5245.S93 4S

NEWBURGH

The valuation placed on city property (real and personal), for
assessment purposes last year was only §9,203,785. The rate for City
taxes was $1.50 on every $100. The rate for State and County taxes
was 0.7554. The water tax may be estimated at about 42 cents on
every $100. Thus it will be seen that the total taxes levied upon city
property aggregates about $2.67 on every $100 of assessed valu-
ation. A careful comparison has been made in Newburgh between
the assessed valuation and the real valuation, and the result shows
that real estate as a whole is assessed for only one-third its true value.
Therefore, the tax rate of 82. 67 represents three times what it would
be if property were assessed at its true value, or about 89 cents on
each Sioo.

DISBURSEMENTS.

The disbursements ending JIarch 9, 1S91, were as follows;

Incidentals S 5.455 01

Board of Health 762 99

Election Expenses 1,012 27

Fire Department 4i479 89

Printing Expenses 1.553 44

Roads and Bridges 22,675 59

Salaries 6.S75 00

Police and Light—

Miscellaneovis $ 7^2 47

Station House 1.397 26

StreetGas Lamps 12,164 o3

Repairs to Street Lights 121 12

Electric Street Lights 11,916 01

Gas for Fire Houses 1,327 96

Salaries of Policemen and Recorder 21,389 37

Old Town Cemetery S 49 50

Broadway Sewer 350 15

Carter Street Sewer 1,126 00

Johnes Street Sewer 664 03

Lutheran Street Sewer 1,065 55

Washington's Headquarters 1,000 00

Carpenter Avenue Sewer 510 52

Overpaid Tax Fund 75 75

Interest on City Debt 693 00

Electric Fire Alarm Bonds 1,200 00

Supervisors' Audits 5, 540 46

Chambers Creek Bridge 2,251 25

Bills Payable 20,000 00

Board of Education 44.503 21

Newburgh City Park Bonds 6,000 00

Water 37.766 19

$ 49,098 22

214,708 02

PLAN OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT.
List of the Officials Required, What They are Paid, Etc.

NUMBER AND TITLE.

One Mayor

One President of Common Council

One Recorder

One Treasurer

One Collector

Four Assessors

Two Justices of the Peace (one every 2 years) .

Two Constables

Four Commissioners of the Alms House

Eight Trustees of Common Schools (2 each year)

Eight Aldermen

Alderman-at- Large

Four Supervisors

Sixty Inspectors of Election

One Chief Engineer of the Fire Department. . .
Three Assistant Engineers do do ....

Four Fire Wardens

One President of the Board of Education

One Vice-President of the Board of Education.

One Clerk and Superintendent of Schools

One Librarian

Two Assistant Librarians

One Clerk of Common Council

One Assistant Clerk

One Superintendent of Streets

Asst. Supts. of Streets, not more than three. . . .

One Marshal

Two Police Sergeants

Police Constables (not exceeding twenty)

One City Engineer and Surveryor

One Corporation Counsel

Board of Health (six persons)

One Health Officer

Special Police Constables (not exceeding fifty) .

Three Excise Commissioners

Five Water Commissioners

One Superintendent of Water Works

One Superintendent of Tower Clock

One Clerk to the Excise Board

One Superintendent of Alms House

One Alms House Physician

One Matron of Children's Home

Three Civil Service Commissioners

One Clerk to Civil Service Board

HOW APPOINTED OR ELECTED.

Elected by City at large ....

do Common Council .

do City at large

do do ....

do do

Elected by City at large and 2 by Town Newb'j
do do do

do One each year by each Ward

do by City at large

do one each year by each Ward

do three in each Election District.

do by active members of fire companies. . .

do do do do do

do by Board of Education

do do do

do by Common Council

Appointed by City Clerk

do by Mayor — consent of Common Council .

do by Board of Health

do by Mayor

do do

One Elected each year by City at large ,
Appointed by Water Board

do by Excise Board

do by Alms House Board

do do do do

do by Mayor

Appointed by Act

TERM OF OFFICE.

Two years . .
One year. . . .
Four years . .
Three years .
Three years.
Three years.
Four years . .

One year

Three years .
Four years . .
Two years . .
Two years . .
One year. . . .
One year. . . .
Three years .

One year.

do .
do

One year

Dur'g good behav'r

do do

do do
One year

Fifteen days or less .

Three years

Five years

One year

Until successors ap.
do do

$Soo per year.
Nothing.
§1,000 per 5-par.
S500 per year.
Paid bv fees, (a)
S300 each per j^ear.
Paid by fees, (c)
do do (d)
Nothing.

do
$75 each.*
About $60 per year.
$300 per year.
Nothing.
$2 perday.f
Nothing.

do
$1,500 per }-ear.
$1,200 per year.
$400 each per year.
$1,200 per year.
$Soo per year.
S800 per year.
Fixed by Com. C'l.
$1,200 per year.
$950 each per year.
$900 do

Nothing, j:
$200 per year.^
Nothing.
$250 per year, (e)
$2 per day.
$100 each per year.
Nothing.
$1,000 per year.
S50 per year.
$100 and fees.
$800 pr yr, & board
$300 per year.
$240 pr >T, & board
$75 each per year.
$75 per year.

1 addition to the same compensation from the county as is received by Supervisors from towns. + For actual days service, wh

1 any one year. } Presents bills for services rendered. § Also presents bills for services rendered.

The ofHee is worth about $2,500 per annum. (c) The office is worth about $500 per annum. (</l The office is worth about $20

(e) $25 monthly extra allowance for sanitary inspection, with fees for registering vital statistics.

NEWBURGH

The chief executive officer is the Mayor, and the chief body the
Common Council, which consists of nine members — two from each ot
the four Wards, and a member at large. Other municipal bodies are:
the Board of Education, the Board of Water Commissioners, the
Board of Alms House Commissioners, the Board of Health, the
Board of Assessors, the Board of Excise Commissioners, and the
Board of Civil Service Commissioners.

« > . >< s

NEWBURGH'S ASSETS IN 1891.

VAI.l-E

BUILDINGS

PROPERTY.

OF
LAND.

AND
CONTE.NTS.

TUS.

TOTAL.

830,000
38,000
36,500
10,000
18,500
25,500
75,000
30,000

838,000
58,000
46,500
14,000
20,000
30,000

go, 000
37.000

do No

10,000
2,000

4.500
15,000

do No 4

$2,000

do No 6 ...

Books in Library (17,-

Steamer Co. No. 2

5,000*

5.000

11,000

do No. 3

600

3,500*

5.500

9,600

do No. 4

2,000

4,000*

5.000

11,000

Hook and Ladder Co..

2,000

3,800*

2,000

7.800

Hose Co. No. I

3.000

4,500*

2,500

10,000

do No. 2

1,000

4.500*

2,000

7,500

do No. 4

1,000

3,500*

2,000

6,500

do No. 5

2,000

4,000*

2,500

8,500

Electric Fire Alarm

System

6,000

Downing Park (not in-

cluding Reservoir lot)
Water Works System

(cost)

'V^

Police Headquarters...

Soo

5,000

Storage building and

1,500

3,000

4.500

Horses, wagons, im-

2,500

Four-fifths interest in

Alms House

48,000

Miscellaneous personal

5,000

Fortv acres of land,

34.000

Land in Court House

30,000

Quassaick Creek bridge
Cash in the Treasury,

March 9, 1891

22,509

Total .

81,234,253

* Not including furniture, which is owned by the companies.

The foregoing is a plain and complete statement of facts and fig-
ures showing the financial condition of the city, except that we have
omitted from the assets the improved streets, and the docks at the
ends of streets running to the river. The city has ever maintained a
liberal policy in all its departments, and yet the municipal debt is
small, and taxes are low.

OFFICIAL REGISTER.
Mayors and Aldermen of the City of Newburgh.

From March 11, 1866, to March 12, 1867.
Mayor — George Clark.
Aldermen:
First Ward— Daniel A. Rheutan, John Lomas.
Second Ward — Henrv Ross, John Corwin.
Third Ward— Edson'H. Clark, Benjamin B. Odell.
Fourth Ward — James Bigler, James Whitehill.
Clerk— Charles B. Rovce.

From March 12, 1867, to March 10, 186S.
Mayor — George Clark.
Aldermen:
First AVard — Daniel A. Rheutan, George M. Clapp.
Second Ward — Henry Ross, James H. Phillips.
Third Ward— Edson H. Clark, Charles Root.
Fourth Ward — James Bigler, David Moore.
Clerk — Charles B. Royce.

From March 11, 1868, to March 9, 1869.
Mayor — George Clark.
Aldermen:
First Ward — George M. Clapp, Alexander McCann.
Second Ward — James H. Phillips, William R. Brown.
Third Ward— Charies Root, Jonathan N. Weed.
Fourth Ward — David iloore, Abram S. Cassedy.
Clerk— Charles B. Royce.

From March 9, 1869, to March 8, 1870.
Mayor — George Clark.
Aldermen:
First Ward — Alexander McCann, Gavin R. McGregor.
Second Ward — William R. Brown, Francis Boyd.
Third Ward— Jonathan N. Weed, John J. S. McCroskery.
Fourth Ward — Alexander Cauldwell, Jacob Brown.
Clerk — Charles B. Royce.

From March 8, 1870, to March 7, 1871.

Mayor — Robert Sterling. (Died April 30, 1S70.)

Alexander McCann, Presiding Officer and Acting Mayor.

Aldermen:

First Ward — Alexander JlcCann, Gavin R. JIcGregor.

Second Ward — Elkanah K. Shaw, Francis Boyd.

Third Ward— Charles Root, John J. S. McCro'skery.

Fourth Ward — Alexander Cauldwell, James T. Lawson.

Clerk— Orville M. Smith.

From March 7, 1S71, to March 6, 1S72.

Mayor — William W. Carson.

AlHermen:

First Ward — Alexander JMcCann, William Doyle.

Second Ward — Elkanah K. Shaw, Robert Whitehill.

Third Ward— Charies Root, John J. S. McCroskery.

Fourth Ward — Nathaniel B. Hayt, James T. Lawson.

Clerk— Orville M. Smith.

From March 6, 1872, to March 10, 1873.
Mayor — Samuel E. Shutes.
Aldermen:
First AVard — Joseph M. Dickev, AVilliani Dovle.
Second Ward— Henry F. Travis, Robert Whitehill.
Third Ward— Edward Haigh, John J. S. McCroskery.
Fourth Ward — Nathaniel B. Ha}-t, Robert Kernahan.
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant.

From March 10, 1873, to March 10, 1874.
Mayor — Samuel E. Shutes.
Aldermen:
First Ward— Joseph M. Dickey, AVilliam Dojde.
Second Ward — Henrv F. Travis, William F. Cameron.
Third Ward— Edward Haigh, John C. Adams.
Fourth Ward — Nathaniel B. Hayt, Robert Kernahan.
President of the Common Council — Joseph M. Dickev.
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant.

From March lo, 1874, to March 10, 1875.
Mayor — Chancey il. Leonard. (Died Dec. 3, 1S74.)
President Nathaniel B. Hayt, acting Mayor.
.\ldermen:
First Ward — William Doyle, Hugh Hamilton.
Second Ward — William F. Cameron, John Dotzert.
Third Ward— John C. Adams, Grant E. Edgar.
Fourth Ward— Nathaniel B. Haj-t, Lewis B. Halsey.
President of the Common Council — Nathaniel B. Hayt.
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant.

From March 9, 1875, to March 13, 1876.
Mayor— John J. S. :McCroskery.
Aldermen:
First Ward— William Doyle, Hugh Hamilton.
Second Ward — AVilliara F. Cameron, John Dotzert.
Third Ward — John C. Adams, Grant E. Edgar.
Fourth Ward— Noah Collard, Richard Sterhng.
President of the Common Council— John Dotzert.
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant.

NEWBURGH,

From March 13, 1876, to March 12, 1877.
Mayor — John J. S. McCroskery.
Aldermen:
First Ward— William Doyle, Benjamin Clifif.
Second Ward — William F. Cameron, John Dotzert.
Third Ward — John C. Adams, Wallace Schoonmaker.
Fourth Ward— David S. Lockwood, Noah CoUard.*
President of the Common Council — William Doyle.
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant.

* Died May 13, 1876, and Richard Sterling appointed May 2q, 1876, to fill '

From March 12, 1877, to March 12, 1878.
Mayor— John J. S. McCroskery.
Aldermen:
First Ward— William Doyle, Benjamin Cliff.
Second Ward — John Dotzert George L. Chadborn.
Third Ward — John C. Adams,* Wallace Schoonmaker.
Fourth Ward — David S. Lockwood, James Dickey.
President of the Common Council — John C. Adams, f
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant.

■ Resigned July 3, 1S77, and Moses C. Belknap appointed August 7, 1877, to
Resigned July 3, 1877, and William Doyle elected President.

From March 12, 1878, to March 10, 1879.
Mayor — Charles H. Weygant.
Aldermen:
First Ward— William Doyle, Benjamin Cliff.
Second Ward — James C. Grant, George L. Chadborn.
Third Ward— William I. Underhill, Bartholomew B. Moore.
Fourth Ward— James Dickey, Robert Kernahan.
President of the Common Council— George L. Chadborn.
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant.

From March 10, 1879, to March 8, 1880.
Mayor — Charles H. Weygant.
Aldermen:
First Ward— Benjamin Cliff, Charles J. Embler.
Second Ward — James C. Grant, WilUam Chambers.
Third Ward— William I. Underhill, Bartholomew B. Moore.
Fourth Ward — Robert Kernahan, Hugh McKissock.
President of the Common Council — Bartholomew B. Moore.
Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant.

From March, 1880, to March, 1881.
Mayor — Abram S. Cassed)'.
Aldermen:
First Ward— Charles J. Embler, William Doyle.
Second Ward — William Chambers, Lewis C. Vemol.
Third Ward — Bartholomew B. Moore, Thomas A. Simonson.
Fourth Ward— Hugh McKissock, Richard Sterling.
President of the Common Council — Bartholomew B. Moore.
Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant.

From March 8, 1881, to March 13, 18S2.
ilayor — Abram S. Cassedy.
Aldermen:
First Ward— William Doyle, Joseph S. Embler.
Second Ward — Lewis C. Vemol, John T. Moore.
Third Ward— Thomas A. Simonson, Bartholomew B. Moore.
Fourth Ward— Richard Sterhng, Charles A. Harcoiu-t.
President of the Common Council — Richard Sterling.
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant.

From March 13, 1SS2, to March 12, 1883.
Mayor — Peter Ward.
Aldermen :
First Ward— Joseph S. Embler, William Doyle.
Second Ward— John T. Moore, Lewis C. Vernol.
Third Ward— Bartholomew B. Moore, Charles H. Halstead.
Fourth Ward— Charles A. Harcourt, Richard Sterhng.
President of the Common Council— Lewis C. Vernol.
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant.

From March 12, 18S3, to March 11, 1884.
Mayor— Peter AVard.
Aldermen:
First Ward— William Doyle, Patrick Delany.
Second Ward — Lewis C. Vernol, Curtis Stanton.
Third AVard— Bartholomew B. Moore, Charles H. Halstead.
Fourth Ward— Richard Sterling, Charles A. Harcourt.
President of the Common Council— Richard Sterling.
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant.

From March 11, 1884, to March 10, 1885.
Mayor — Benjamin B. Odell.
Aldermen:
First Ward— William Doyle, Patrick Delany.
Second Ward — Leander Clark, Curtis Stanton.
Third Ward — Bartholomew B. Moore, Joseph A. Sneed.
Fourth Ward — Charles A. Harcourt, Robert Kernahan.
President of the Common Council — William Doyle.
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant.

From March 10, 1885, to March 8, 1886.
Mayor — Benjamin B. Odell.
Aldermen;
First Ward — William Doyle, James Cochrane.
Second Ward — Leander Clark, William H. Kelly.
Third Ward — Joseph A. Sneed, John Corwin.
Fourth Ward — Robert Kernahan, William H. Brinkman.
President of the Common Council — Joseph A. Sneed.
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant.

From March 8, 1886, to March 8, 18S7.
Mayor — Benjamin B. Odell.

First Ward — James Cochrane, William Doyle.
Second Ward — William H. Kelly, Leander Clark.
Third Ward— John Corwin, William H. Smith.
Fourth Ward — William H. Brinkman, Robert Kernahan.
President of the Common Council — Robert Kernahan.
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant.

From March 8, 1887, to March 13, 188S.
Mayor — Benjamin B. Odell.
Aldermen:
At Large — Bartholomew B. Moore.
First Ward — William Doyle, James Cochrane.
Second Ward — Leander Clark, William H. Kelly.
Third Ward— William H. Smith, Cornelius S. Gibb.
Fourth Ward — Robert Kernahan, Horatio B. Beckman.
President of the Common Council — Leander Clark.
Clerk — Daniel J. Coutant.

From March 13, 1888, to March 12, 1889.
Mayor — Benjamin B. Odell.
Aldermen:
At Large — Bartholomew B. Moore.
First Ward — James Cochrane, Fred. Herman.
Second Ward — William H. Kelly, James F, Templeton.
Third Ward— Cornelius S. Gibb, William H. Hilton.
Fourth Ward — Horatio B. Beckman, John M. Leicht.
President of the Common Council — William H. Kelly.
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant.

From March 12, 1S89, to March 11, 1890.
Mayor — Benjamin B. Odell.
Aldermen :

At large — George C. Wenzel.
First Ward — Fred. Herman, James Cochrane.
Second Ward — James F. Templeton, Henry Garner,
Third Ward— William H. Hilton, Cornelius S. Gibb,
Fourth Ward — John M. Leicht, Horatio B. Beckman.
President of the Common Council — James Cochrane.
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant.

From March 11, 1890, to March 9, 1891.

Mayor — Michael Doyle.

Aldermen :

At Large — George C. Wenzel.

First Ward — James Cochrane, Alexander ]\Iorison.
Second Ward — Henry Garner, James F. Templeton.
Third Ward— Cornelius S. Gibb, William H. Hilton.
Fourth Ward— Horatio B. Beckman, Edwin T. Smith.
President of the Common Council — James Cochrane.
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant.

From March 9, 1891, to .

Mayor — Michael Doyle.
Aldermen :
At Large- George C. Wenzel.*
First Ward — James Cochrane, Alexander Morison.
Second Ward — James F. Templeton, Henry B. Lawson.
Third Ward— Cornehus S. Gibb,f Wilham H. Hilton.
Fourth Ward— Edwin T. Smith, Henry Rudolph.
President of the Common Council — George C. Wenzel. |
Clerk— Daniel J. Coutant.

* Died April 4, 1891, and Edward M. Murtfeldt appointed to fill vacancy.
I Died April ig, 1891, and Daniel S. Waring appointed to fill vacancy,
j: James Cochrane elected to fill vacant presidency.

NEWBURGH

City Collectors.

Bancroft, Roberto 1869-71 Lyon, Charles H 1867

Beede, William H 1SS7-90 Lomas, Joseph 1S75-81

Goodrich, Charles T 1S68 McKinstry, Stephen 1881-83

Grant, James C 18S4-S6 Tremper, Jacob 1S72-74

Leonard, Henry M 1890-91

City Collector in 1S91— Henry M. Leonard.

Treasurers.

Dickey, James N. 1872, 1S79-91 Smith, Lewis M 1869-70

Ring, A. Smith 1876-78 Weed, Jonathan N 1891

Scott, Francis.i866-68, '70, '73-75

Treasurer in 1S91 — Jonathan N. Weed.

Recorders.

Kerr, John B 1S75-78 Titus, Charles B 1871-74

McCroskerv, L. W. Y iSgi Waring, CorneHus L 1879-90

Shafer, Joseph D 1S66-70

Recorder in 1891— Lewis W. Y. McCroskery.

Corporation Counsel.

Brewster, Eugene A. . . .1890-91 Fenton, John B 1870-71

Cassedv, Abram S 1S75-76 Graham, J. G 1873-74, '85-90

Clark, George H 18S0-81 Headlev, Russel 1881-84

Dickey, William D. .1S72, '78-So Taylor, James W 1865-69

Counsel in 1S61 — Eugene A. Brewster.

City Surveyor.

Caldwell, Charles— 1S66-91.

Supervisors.

Adams, John C. . . .
Beveridge, James B
Brennan, Patrick. . .
Brown, Wm. R., (in place of J

87-91 Leslie, Alexander,

1S70 Mason, John A 1879

n, Jc
Miller, John 1875-

Moshier, George 1878-S1

Tremper, resigned).'. 1876 McKissock, Hugh 18S2-91

Brown. Charles L 18S7-91 Oakley, Jackson 1S66-68, '71-72

Cameron, William F 1886 Purdy, Thomas W 1881

Cauldwell, Ale.xander 1872 Sloat, John L 1882, '84-S6

Chapman, Isaac C 1873 Strachan, William G 1S69

Chff, Benjamin iSSg-go Taylor, Jonathan 1S79

Corwin, John 1867 Travis, Henry F 1871

Dickson, James R 1866

Farrington, Ezra. . . .
Hirschberg, Henry M
Horton, James E.' 1S67-68

Tremper, Jacob 1S76

1S66-68 Tuthill, Daniel S 1887-88

1875, '83 Vernol, Lewis C 1869-70

Waring, Daniel S 1872, '74-85

Johnson, Andrew 1872-74 White, John H if

Lawson. George.

-70 Wilson, John M 1S91

Leonard, Chan~cey M 1867 Withers, Alex. J, ..1S77-7S, 'S0-81

Leon, David D 1873-74

The Newburgh Supervisors for 1891 are: First Ward— John M.
Wilson. Second Ward— Charles L. Brown. Third Ward— John C.
Adams. Fourth Ward— Hugh McKissock.

Superintendents of Streets.

Lawson, Robt 1S78-80 Peters, George W iSgo-gi

Lozier, H. .1870-71, '74-77, '80-84 AVinans, Lemuel J 1866-69

Morgan, Alexander 1872-73 Withers Alex. J 1885-90

Superintendent in 1S91— George W. Peters.

Assessors.

Allard, Nahum W 1867-6S Grant, James C 1881-87

Booth, Thomas H 1867-68 Hanmer, William A i8S7-go

Boyd, John A 1878-81 Higby, William S 1867

Brown, Charles L 1872-77 Johnston, Charles i86g-7i

Coleman, John 1869-74 Kelly, WilUam H 1868-77

Corwin, Isaac L 1878-81 Oakley, Jackson 1872-74

Donoghue, Timothy 1875-81 Ryan, Daniel 18S1-91

Gibb, Cornelius S 1875-83 Smith, Daniel 1S69-71

Goodrich, Charles T 1890-91 Toohey, John P 1881-91

Wilson, J. D 1884-gi

Assessors in 1891: First Ward — John P. Toohey. Second Ward —

Charles T. Goodrich. Third Ward— William A. Hanmer. Fourth

Ward — Daniel Ryan.

Civil Service Commissioners, 1891.
Charles E. Snyder, M. S. Durkin, H. B. Beckman. Daniel J.
Coutant, Clerk of the Board.

Excise Commissioners.

Michael Donahue, President; Charles Mapes, John C. Campbell.
Leander Brown, Clerk of the Board.

Justices of the Peace

Nchemiah Fowler and Hugh S. Banks.

HON. MICHAEL DOYLE, Mayor of Newburgh, has been almost
a lifelong resident. He was born in Ireland, February 26, 1S22, and
was brought here by his parents when six months old. When a lad
he was sent to Mr. Goodsell's school, where the rudiments of his
education were implanted, and afterwards he pursued his studies at
the High School. Desiring to follow a mercantile career, he obtained,
in 1837, a position in the large general store of John Farnam at 92
Water Street. He was an apt student in business methods, and
quickly made his services valuable to his employer.

In 1846 he became a partner, the firm being styled John Farnam &
Co. Newburgh was at that period the natural mart of a far larger
territorj^ than now, and there being no communication with New York
in Winter except by turnpike, it was necessary for merchants to carry
very heavy stocks during certain portions of the )-ear. In 1852 Jlr.
Doj'le purchased Mr. Farnam's interest, and for thirty years thereafter
continued the business in the same place. His unbending integrity,
admirable business methods, and personal popularity attracted a
large trade.

In 1882, having acquired a competency, he retired from business,
having been in the same store forty-five years. But being in vigorous
health, with all the energy and ambition of early manhood fully
retained, he was not one to sit idly down and pass the rest of his days
in seclusion. A good portion of his time has since been given to
public affairs and to church work. For years he had been a trusted
advisor and leader in the councils of his party, but, with the excep-
tion of two terms as a Village Trustee, in 1857-60, never accept-
ed official position. In 18S3 he accepted the nomination for AVater
Commissioner, and being elected, performed the important duties
connected with the management of the city water works with unusual
fidelity and ability for the term of five years.

In the Spring of i8go Mr. Doj-le, at the earnest solicitation of his
friends, and the united appeal of his party, accepted the nomination
for the highest oifice under the city government. He received not
only the solid support of his own party, but of a considerable faction
of the Republican part)-, and such was his popularity and the exist-
ing condition of local pohtics that he overcame a normal Republican
majority of about four hundred votes, and was elected by a majority
of more than eight hundred votes.

" A plain, honest, business-like administration" was promised by
the Democratic press upon the election of Mr. Doyle, and expecting
that it would indicate the lines of policy he would pursue, the
Mayor's message to the Common Council was awaited with unusual
interest by the public. It was received April 8, and created a most
favorable impression. The enforcement of the excise law was a
subject then receiving considerable pubhc attention, and in that con-
nection the Mayor said:

' ' I desire to say in as emphatic a manner as is possible for me to do,
that as a sworn executive of the law, I purpose to see that this pro-
vision of law is enforced, and I respectfully ask your hearty co-opera-
tion in this matter, that we may bring about this long-desired condition
of affairs: a quiet day of rest, with saloons and drinking places all
closed. The people of the city will find me persistent, not only to
have Sunday properl}' observed for a few weeks, but continued
throughout my term of office."

He recommended the revision and re-arrangement of the entire as-
sessment of city property in such manner as would place all property
liable to taxation upon the tax roll, and secure a fair, just and
equitable assessment. He recommended a plan for improving the
source of the water supply and the removal of electric wires from
overhead; also recommendations pertaining to the improvement and
proper maintenance of streets. He advised the sale of a large tract

NEWBURGH

of city land at the west end; suggested the establishment of a pound,
and denounced lax discipline in the police department.

Mayor Doyle is discharging the duties of his oiBce with singular
fidehty, and to the general contentment of the people. He devotes
most of his time to his official duties, and gives personal attention to
the several departments of the city government under his immediate
control.

In poUtics, Mayor Doyle cast his first vote for Henry Clay, and on
the dissolution of the Whig party afBhated with the Democrats. He
is entangled with no faction or clique in his own party, nor allied with
any outside of it He is

daughter: J. Farnam, of New York; William E., of Newburgh; James
C. and Fred, of North Dakota, and Mrs. Samuel P. Mapes, of New
York. Another son, Frank, died in 18S4..

HON. GEORGE CLARK, the first Mayor of Newburgh, was bom
in Newburgh, August 6, 1817. His parents were William and Mary
Clark. The former emigrated from the north of Ireland at an early
age and established his residence in Newburgh. The only survivor
of the family of ten children is Mrs. Anna E. (Clark) Copeland, wife
of ex-Mayor Copeland, of

neither vacillating in his opm-
ions, nor an extremist.

During the Rebellion he
was a War Democrat and
loyalty personified. He, with
Colonel Isaac Wood and Ezra
Farnngton, was largely in-
strumental in organizing the
56th New York Volunteers
(Tenth Legion), which went
to the front from this city
under Colonel Van Wyck. At
the reunion of the Legion in
Newburgh in iSgo, Mayor
Doyle presided, and a touch-
ing incident of the day was
the tribute paid by Surgeon
Van Etten to Mr. Doyle for
his valuable services and kind
personal acts rendered to the
Legion at its organization,
and the cheers which these
expressions called forth from
the old soldiers. Previous to
the war Mr. Doyle was cap-
tain of the local miHtia com-
pany called the Washington
Continentals.

Mr. Doyle has been useful
and prominent in many other
relations, and has had a part
in one way or another with
most of the important move-
ments of his time. He was a
stanch advocate of the rail-
road projected from New-
burgh to Syracuse, and sub-
scribed a portion of the
money that was raised to
defray the expenses of the first
survey. He subscribed to the
stock of the Dutchess and
Columbia Rairload, and also

to the capital stock of the Warwick Valley Railroad. For sixteen
years he was an active member of the Fire Department. In
1 841 he joined the Hook and Ladder Company. The following
year he resigned from that company, and joined Cataract Engine
Company No. 3, of which he was assistant foreman and after-
wards foreman for a number of years. He resigned the foremanship
in 1S49. He was one of the charter members of the Fire Department
Fund, and represented Cataract Company in that body for several
years.

Of St. George's Episcopal Church he has long been a useful mem-
ber. He is a vestryman of the church, and was a member of the
committee having in charge the erection of St. George's Chapel, now
known as the Church of the Good Shepherd. He is also a Director of
the National Bank of Newburgh.

In 1S49 he married ^lary McIntjTe, daughter of Mark Mclntyre,
of Newburgh. She died April 11, 18S8, leaving four sons and one

HON. MICHAEL DOYLE.

which he \
public life

Brooklyn. The book educa-
tion of Mr. Clark was obtained
at the common schools and at
Goodsell's Academy in this
city. At the age of sixteen he
was apprenticed to Daniel
Farrington and Benjamin
Lander, of Newburgh, to
learn the trade of a painter.
After two years he com-
menced business on his own
account in partnership with
James S. Young, and remain-
ed in that connection for two
or three years. In 1840 he
married, and one year later
he moved to New York City,
where he carried on the
wholesale and retail painting
business for fifteen years. At
the expiration of that time,
having accumulated a com-
petency, he returned to his
native city of Newburgh in
1856, and thereafter engaged
in no special business, but de-
voted his time and attention
to public affairs, and to the
support, direction and man-
agement of various local in-
stitutions and enterprises.

The zealous interest which
he took in all pubUc measures
and enterprises affecting
Newburgh caused him to be
closely identified with the
local history of the place for
the fifteen years preceding his
death. No measure which he
thought would advance the

PHOTO. BY ...PES. — ' prosperity of the place ever

failed to receive his support,
and the enterprises with
connected were many and important. He entered
a member of Assembly from the Fourteenth Dis-
York City, for the session of 1S51. He was also
Council of that city by the Re-
member

trict, of Nev

elected a member of the Cc

publican party. After his return to Newburgh he became ;
of the Board of Education, a Trustee of the Savings Bank and a Di-
rector of the Ouassaick Bank. He was ]\Iayor of the city from March,
1866, to March, 1S70, and was succeededby his brother-in-law, Robert
Sterling. In 1S6S he was elected the delegate from his Congressional
district to the Chicago Republican convention which nominated Gen-
eral Grant to the Presidency, of whom he was always a warm friend
and admirer. Upon the occasion of President Grant's visit to New-
burgh August 7, 1869, he was the special guest of Iilayor Clark, at
whose hospitable home he was entertained, and who delivered the ad-
dress of welcome at Washington's Headquarters. At the time
of his death Mr. Clark was president of the Board of Water

NEWBURGH

Commissioners, president of the Newburgh and Midland Railway
Company, a member of the Board of Managers of the Hudson
River State Hospital, and was filling several other positions of honor
and trust. He was the virtual founder of Woodlawn Cemetery; he

HON. GEORGE CLARK.

selected the site, purchased the land and had it surveyed, laid out and
adorned, and at the time of his demise owned a large part of it. One
of the most successful enterprises of the kind in the country, it must
ever stand as a monument to his judgment and public spirit.

During his residence in New York City he was a member and a
trustee of the Presbyterian Church in Twenty-third Street, of which
the Rev. Dunlap Smith, D. D., was pastor, and after his removal to
Newburgh he united with the First Presbyterian Church, and re
mained a devoted and faithful member till death.

In all the places of trust to which George Clark was called by his
fellow citizens and associates, he was faithful to every obligation.
He was painstaking to a remarkable degree in the execution of public
trusts, doing his duty conscientiously, and without fear or favor. In
his private relations he was a warm friend, and in his family a most
devoted husband and father. Of him it may with great truth be said
that he bore himself with dignity and self-respect in all the relations
of life, and that his death was lamented as that of a firm friend in
private life, a useful citizen, a faithful public officer, and one well
worthy of being the first Mayor of Newburgh.

He died June 3, 1S71. Flags were displayed at half-mast on
buildings in the city and on vessels in the bay. The Common Coun-
cil, the Board of Water Commissioners and the various other bodies
to which he belonged passed memorials in his honor.

Mr. Clark married January 27, 1840, Augusta, daughter of Jason
W. and Martha (Griffith) Rogers, of the Town of Montgomery, and
granddaughter of Daniel Rogers, one of the first settlers on the
Wallkill in that town. Her father served as a captain in the war of
1812. Her maternal grandfather was Robert Griffith, a sea captain
and a native of Wales, who married Miss Peck, daughter of the
gentleman after whom "Peck's .Slip" was named. Crissy, his
daughter, married Cadwallader Crilden, and lived at Coldenham.

Robert, his son, grandfather of Airs. Clark, settled in Orange
County, two miles beyond Walden, about 1795, and was twice mar-
ried. His first wife was Rebecca Barnes, of whom were born six
children, among them Martha, wife of Jason W. Rogers.

The children of Mr. and Mrs. Clark were Marj- Augusta, wife of
T. Powell Townsend; George H., who at his death in 1S88 was a
practicing lawyer in Newburgh; Martha Louisa, who married Jonas
Williams, of Newburgh, November 8, 1876, and died July 15, 1877;
and Robert Sterling, who graduated at Princeton, in 1S74, and died
August 20, 1876.

HON. ROBERT STERLING, the second Mayor of Newburgh,
was born in Ireland in 1S14. When a boy of ten he came to this
country with his parents, and resided in Newburgh upwards of forty
years. At an early age he engaged in business as a gunsmith, but in
1843 he entered the clothing trade, and at the time of his death was
the head of the largest establishment in that line in the city.

Mr. Sterling was closely identified with the prosperity of the place,
and was always prominent in local affairs. For seven years he was
trustee of the old village, and for two years he was the village presi-
dent. He was pressed by his friends to take the Democratic nomina-
tion for Mayor at the first election under the city charter, but he de-
clined to be considered a candidate. He was one of the Water
Commissioners under the reorganization of the Board in 1869, and
when his short term expired the following year, he was elected Mayor
of the city. The people looked to him with confidence for a success-
ful administration of public affairs.

But the seeds of disease had been sown, and only needed the ex-
citement and labors attendant upon his new duties to ripen them to a

HON. ROBERT STERLING.

fatal issue. He died Saturday evening, April 30, 1S70, at his residence
in Liberty Street.

Mr. Sterling was also an officer in botli the Newburgh Savings
Bank and the Ouassaick National Bank. Of the former he was Vice-
president, and of the latter a Director at the time of his death.

NEWBURGH

In early life Mr. Sterling chose the wise path of a christian life,
and united with the Presbyterian Church, then under the charge of
the Rev. Dr. Johnston. At his death he was an elder in the Calvary
Presbyterian Church.

In all these relations Jlr. Sterling bore himself as a faithful and
conscientious servant and upright citizen. He won and retained

DANIEL S, WARING,

through life the respect of his neighbors of all classes, and, in a larger
measure than usually falls to the lot of a man always in active and,
at times, heated political life, was the possessor of the personal es-
teem of those who most widely differed from him on questions of
public polic)-.

He was liberal without ostentation, and there were not a few who
had experienced at his hands that treatment which made his loss to
them that of a sympathizing and helpful benefactor. While his death
was a sad blow to a large family circle, the gap which his removal
left in the business and official life of the city was wide and deep.
The memory of Robert Sterling will long be treasured by the people
of Newburgh as that of an upright citizen, a faithful magistrate and a
generous neighbor.

DANIEL S. WARING, one of our most useful citizens, was born
in the Town of Newburgh November 22, 1S27. He remained at home
on the farm till 1S53, then embarking in the coffee and spice business
in Brooklyn. In the year that Newburgh became a city he returned
here and built a coffee and spice mill, which he operated for one year
and then sold to N. B. Beede. He then entered the firm of D. S. &
C. S. Lock wood, in the coal business, and in 1S73 succeeded the Lock-
woods in the proprietorship of the yard on Mailler's Dock. In iSSS
he opened a coal yard at the corner of Broadway and Lake Street,
which he still continues, in partnership with George S. Weller. His
interest in the other yard he sold in 18S9 to W. O. Mailler. The same
year Jlr. Waring became a large stockholder and trustee in the Kil-
mer Manufacturing Company.

He organized the Newburgh Ice Company in 1SS5, and is now sole
proprietor. In iSoo, in partnership with Messrs. L. M. Smith and

Robert Whitehill, he purchased the Walsh paper mill property, and
commenced the manufacture of ice by the Pictet process on the prem-
ises. Mr. Waring was a stockholder and the Secretary of the New-
burgh Highland Hotel Company, which erected the large building af-
terwards known as the " Baldwin House" and " The Leslie." He is
a trustee of the Newburgh Savings Bank and a Director of the High-
land National Bank. He represented the Third Ward in the Board
of Supervisors in 1S72, and again from 1874 to '85. On the death
of Dr. Forsyth he was chosen President of the Woodlawn Cemetery
Association, which office he still holds. He is also an Elder of the
First Presbyterian Church.

Mr. Waring has given his aid and influence to many public move-
ments, and does all he can to encourage the growth and prosperity of
the city. He was one of the organizers of the Board of Trade and its
first President, and was annually re-elected till two years ago, w-hen
he declined in favor of Robert Whitehill. He has been foremost in all
the good work the Board has accomplished, and rendered invaluable
service in securing the removal to this city of the Kilmer Manufacturing
Company. He is a member of the Newburgh Real Estate Company,
which purchased the Roe property between Grand and Montgomery
Streets, now occupied by a number of handsome dwellings and Miss
Mackie's large boarding school. He built a number of fine d\\-ellings
in Grand Street, and has otherwise dealt considerably in real estate.
In i8gi IVIr. Waring was appointed by Mayor Doyle an Alderman
from the Third Ward, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Alder-
man Gibb. He was married in 1857 to Miss Phebe A. Moffat, of the
Town of Blooming Grove, in this county, who died in 1SS9, leaving a
son and a daughter.

CORNELIUS S. GIBB was the son and last surviving child of
Samuel and Louisa Gibb, and was born in Newburgh, November ig,
1S46. During his boyhood he attended the pubHc schools, and after
his graduation was variously employed as clei-k and bookkeeper, and
also learned the art of photography. For a time he was a resident
of Amenia. Dutchess County, and there met and married Miss Eliza
Reed. On the death of his father he formed a partnership with
William W. Terwilliger and continued the undertaking business which
his father had established on the corner of Smith and Fourth Streets,
and was in that occupation at the time of his death (April ig, 1S91),
residing mean-
while in the house
in which he w a s
born, a house
which had been the
homestead of the
family for over half
a century.

He was a Re-
publican from edu-
cation, sincere in
his convictions and
earnest and u n-
flinching in his
work for the ad-
vancement of the
interests of his
party. And his
party honored him
by continuing him
for twelve years in
the office of Asses-
sor and transfer-
ring him from that
post, in 1SS7, to
membership in the
Board of Alder-
men, and re-elect-
ing him in iSSg,
and again only a few w
Assessor were faithfully

CORNELIUS s.

eeks before his death. His duties as
performed, and from the acquaintance

NEWBURGH.

JAMES

flPLETOK

with city aiTairs which he gained in their discharge he entered the
Board of Aldermen fully equipped for the greater responsibilities
which devolved upon him. With remarkable aptitude he became

master of the city's
laws and prece-
dents, and earnest
and active in pro-
moting their ob-
servance and in
advancing the
interests of the
people whom h e

member of the
Masonic fraternity
in 1S70. That he
an active
member of the
order need not be
stated. As in
other relations in
fe, the energy of
his nature was in
the work which he
was called to per-
form. During its
continuance he
held every post of
distinction in
Lodge and Chapter
and was a mem-
ber of the Com-

mandery, and Noble of the Mystic Shrine in New York. He was

also a member of the North River Lodge, Knights of Honor, and

of Columbian Hose Company.

After a short service at Trinity M. E. Church, the remains of the

deceased were interred, witn Masonic honors, in Woodlawn Cemetery.

His aged mother and his wife and four

children survive him.

JAMES F. TEMPLETON has repre-
sented the Second Ward in the Board of
Aldermen since 1S8S, having been re-elected
by the Republican part)' in 1S90. He was
born in Wigtownshire, Scotland (where his
ancestors had lived for many generations),
June 28, 1S45. He was reared in the Free
Church of Scotland, and was educated in
the excellent school connected with the
church at Glenluce. His father being a
master carpenter and builder, James learned
the trade and worked under him till 1S6S,
when he emigrated to America and settled
at Newburgh,

In 1882 he formed a partnership with
George Usher (Usher & Templeton), in the
carpenter and building business. Their
shop is at 32 Chambers Street. For nine
years Mr. Templeton was a Trustee of thu
First Associate Reformed Church. He has
been through all the chairs in Acme
Lodge. I. O. O. F., and for two years past
has filled the office of Secretary; he was
twice elected to the Grand Lodge. He is a
man of large and powerful frame, and in his
early manhood took pleasure in Scottish

games, at which he was very proficient. He won prizes at tourna-
ments for throwing the hammer and putting the stone. It was he

who introduced curling in Newburgh. Mr. Templeton married
Jessie, daughter of John McGregor, of the Town of New Windsor,
and has two sons and two daughters.

JAMES COCHRANE, the President of the Common Council, is

serving his seventh successive year as an Alderman from the First

Ward, and is oc-
cupying the Presi-

dent's chair for the I ' 1

third time, having

both preceded and

succeeded the late

President Wenzel.

He is one of the

most popular citi-
zens of the town,

and has never yet

experienced a po-
litical defeat. He

was born in the

north of Ireland

December 19, 1842,

being the youngest

of seven brothers,

but one of whom

besides himself left

their native land.

The oldest came

to America before

James, but the lat-
ter did so in early

life, first becoming

a farmer's boy a

few miles from this

city. Thirty years

ago, in 1861, he

moved into Newburgh, soon aftenvards entering the U. S.

Xavy, in which he served during the closing years of the civil war —
principally on the gunboat Eutaw, on the
James River, on which Dr. J. D. Malone, of
this city, was then surgeon. With this
vessel he took part in the second attack on
Fort Fisher, the successful one, and helped
to fire one of the last guus discharged by
the navy, in the taking of Fort Darling,
which was among the closing events of the
war.

Subsequently Mr. Cochrane became a
cartman at Newburgh, but for twenty-two
years past has carried on a large grocery
business in Liberty Street, in a building
owmed by himself, his store being one of the
best kno\\-n in the city. As a merchant, he
is highly successful. As a citizen, he is
law-abiding, generous in aiding the unfortu-
nate, and informed on public matters of
local interest. He belongs to the Masonic
fraternity and the Orange Lake Club. Mr.
Cochrane has uncommon strength in polit-
ical circles. He married Martha, daughter
of Samuel J. Hewitt, of Newbm-gh, and has
one son, William H.

HENRY B. LAWSON.

JAMES COCHRANE

HENRY B. LAWSON, Alderman from
the Second Ward, was born in New Bruns-
wick, N. J., February 29, 1S56. He is the
son of Robert and Hannah (Budd) Lawson.
Coming to Newburgh in 1862, he entered the public schools and
])assed through all the grades till he reached the Academy, liut did

NEWBURGH

not complete the academical course. He learned the tobacconist
trade with George M. Ross, and in 1879 commenced business on his
own account, at 100 Broadway. Thence he removed to a better
location, No. 7 Water Street, and conducted both a wholesale and
retail business in tobacco and cigars. When he purchased the book.

^^^^^^^HH^H^H^^^

stationery and news business of William H. Callahan at 55 Water
Street, he conducted both stores.

A few years ago he disposed of these stores, and forming a part-
nership with George A. Embler, embarked in the grocery business at
No. 12 Golden Street, and is now doing one of the largest retail trades
in the city. The firm (Lawson & Embler) also owns the cigar, tobacco
and news stand at 8 Golden Street.

In 1891 he was elected Alderman by the Republicans of the
Second Ward by a majority of 220, and at the organization of the
Gouncil he was appointed chairman of the Fire Department Commit-
tee, and a member of the Sewer and Auditing Committees.

He married Jennie M. Brown, daughter of Charles G. Brown, of
Newburgh, and the}' have one son.

Mr. Smith was elected to the Common Council in 1S90 by the Dem-
ocratic party. He is a member of Newburgh Council of the Roj-al
Arcanum, Hudson River Lodge, F. & A. M., Highland Chapter and
Hudson River Commandery; also of Mecca Temple, Nobles of the
Mystic Shrine, New York City. He is also an exempt fireman, having
been a member of Ringgold Hose Company. He married Pauline,
second daughter of F. W. Gerecke, of Newburgh, and they have two
children — a son and a daughter.

HENRY RUDOLPH, Alderman from the Fourth Ward, was
elected by the Republicans in 1S91. His ward is usually Democratic,
but Mr. Rudolph's popularity was so great as to secure his election
over H. B. Beckman, who had been a member for a number of years.
Mr. Rudolph came to Newburgh in 18S0, with no means except a
thorough knowledge of the baking business. He commenced busi-
ness for himself in North Water Street in 1882, and now has a large
and flourishing trade.

He was born in Germany in 1853. In 1S70 he came to this coun-
r)', and worked at his trade in New York City for several years.

N ^

HENRY RUDOLPH.

EDWIN T. SMITH, Alderman from the Fourth Ward, is the When he had accumulated sufficient capital, he started in business at

second son of Lewis M. Smith, and was born in Newburgh, June Keyport, but lost all he had. Then it was he came to Newburgh, and

22, i860. Upon leaving school he entered the office of the Chadborn his career here has been successful and honorable. He is President

& Coldwell Jlanufacturing Company, where he has ever since re- of the Turn Verein, a member of Leonard Steamer Company, and a

mained. In 1891 he was elected secretary of the company. Mason, Odd Fellow and Knight of Honor.

NEWBURGH.

MONTGOMERY STREET-" HUDSON TERRACE "—LOOKING SOUTH FROM BROAD STREET.

LANDER STREET— LOOKING SOUTH FROM SOUTH STREET,

THE CITY WATER WORKS.

HE source of the water supply is Washington Lake, a
pretty sheet of water three and a third miles from the
river, and at an elevation of 276 feet above it, the sup-
ply reaching the city by gravitation. It is a natural
body, fed by countless internal springs and by an arti-
ficial connection with the Silver Stream. Its waters
are clear, tasteless and odorless, as chemical analysis
; proven, and need no filtering to make them palatable. Bright,
pure and fresh, it has furnished the drinking water of the population
for nearly forty years, and a more healthful community than ours does
not exist. The lake covers about 140 acres, and has a storage capac-
ity of 300,000,000 gallons.

Its natural outlet for nearly a mile is subterranean. Close by the
lake the water tumbles into the " Swallow Hole," the entrance to a
natural, rocky underground passage, not to be seen again till it gushes
out of the " Trout Hole Spring," around which a reservoir of masonry
has been constructed. From this point the water is conducted in
mains into the city. The effect of the subterranean passage is to pu-
rify, and in warm weather to cool the water, and altogether it is a re-
markable provision of Nature. There is also a main leading directly
to the lake, so that the Trout Hole Reservoir may easily be cleaned
whenever desirable. The level of the Trout Hole is 44 feet below the
lake, and 232 above the river. It is the usual practice to use the water
from the Trout Hole in Summer, and directly from the lake at other
times. The supply is abundant for all purposes, and by the intervention
of water motors it is also used to run light machinery. Mains ex-
tend through all the populated streets, and the extension of the works
keeps pace with the growth of the city. Over 6,000 feet of iron pipe
was laid in 188S; 7,662 feet in 18S9, and 12,301 feet in 1890, with all
necessary valves and hydrants thereon.

There are in all about 30 miles of water mains, var5ang in size from
4 inches to 24 inches. Newburgh has about 37 miles of streets within
its corporate limits, showing that the diffusion of the water supply is
unusually large.

In 1883 a high-service reservoir was constructed in the northwest-
ern part of the city at an elevation of 331 feet above the river, into
which water is pumped from the mains. It supplies dwellings in its
vicinity. A third reservoir is now building in Downmg Park. All are
formed of masonry, with cement bottoms, so that they can be kept
clean.

As a protection against fire the water supply is invaluable. In
most parts of the city the natural water force is sufficient to throw a
stream to the top of ordinary buildings. There are about three hun-
dred fire plugs in the streets.

The construction of the works was commenced in 1853. Prior to
that time the Cold Spring, on Clark Street, was the main supply for
those who had not wells. The water was taken from a " penstock "
in Liberty Street, at Dunlap's brewery, and conducted in logs down
Ann, Colden, Water and Smith Streets. These works were construct-
ed about 1S17, after the village trustees had purchased the Cold
Spring from Jonathan Hasbrouck, Eli Hasbrouck, George Gardner
and the Mackin heirs for $3,650. In 1821 the trustees purchased, for
$450, the Ritchie lots in the vicinity of Grand and Third Streets,
which were covered by a pond fed by a spring. Logs conducted the
water through the streets. Later, an additional source of supply
was found on the land of William P. C. Smith, and a reservoir was
built there. It was situated on Liberty Street near the residence of
the late Rev. Dr. John Johnston. In 1829 the Ritchie lots were sold
by the village for §4,715, and the pond was filled up. When Third
Street was opened the spring (which was between Grand and Lib-
erty Streets), was arched over, and its waters now enter the sewer.

The Cold Spring is still owned by the city. Its outlet flows through

St. George's Cemetery.

The present water works have cost S554.5-14-79- For the year

1854 water rents amounted to $8,369: in 1890 the receipts were about

$40,000. The expenditures last year were:

Construction and repairs $12,018 80

Pumping and high service 3.322 02

Contingent 6,073 98

Interest on bonds 14.560 00

Sinking fund 2,000 00

Reservoir improvements 2,063 02

Refunded ta.xes 41 00

$40,078 82

The bonded debt is $286,000. The Water Board cares for its own
debt, and furnishes water very cheaply, far below the average cost
in most cities. The following is the scale of rates:

of Building.

Stor\

o to 18 feet $4-00

19 to 22 "

=3 to 27 "

28 to 32 "

33 to 37
38 to 42
43 to 50

$6. 00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00

Stories.
$8.00
9.00

NEWBURGH

Special low rates are given to manufactories and others usiiil;
steam engines, as the policy of the city is to encourage manufactur-
ing by every means in its power.

The Board of Water Commissioners is at present constituted as
follows; Robt. Huddelson, President; Tilden H. Wilson, James :\K-
Cord, Friend W. Perkins, William H. Smith. WilHam Chambui:
Superintendent of Works and Secretary of the Board. The Comnii--
sioners are elected by the people, and serve for a term of five years.
They have full control of the works and report annually to the
Common Council. The following is a list of citizens who have been
members of this Board;

Beckman, Horatio B . . . . 1876-78 McCann, Henry 1880-90

Clark, George 1S66-71 Moshier, George 1884-89

Carson, William W 1872-78 McCord, James 1887-

Chapman, Joseph H. H.. 1875-80 Perkins, Friend W 1891-

Crane, James M 1S85-91 Root, Charles, 1876-79

Doyle, Michael 1883-88 Scott, Francis 1866-71

Gerard, Franklin 1871-75 Shafer, J. D 1866-69

Gerecke, Frederick W. .. 1879-S4 Shaw, E. K 1S75-76, 1S82-87

Huddelson, Robert 1888- Smith, Lewis M 1S75-76

Kimball, Samuel G 1S73-77 Smith, William H 1890-

Lawson, William C 187S-83 Sterling, Robert 1S68-70

Leonard, Chancey M . . . .1869-72 Townsend, Timothy 1S71-75

Lockwood, Charles S 1S81-86 Van Nort, John F 1S70-75

Mailler, William O 1877-82 Wilson, Tilden H 1S89-

Wyckoff, William 1869-72

SUPERINTENDENTS OF WATER WORKS.

AUard, N. W 1S69-70 Miller, William C iS8i-go

Boynton, Edward C 1874-81 Rogers, Daniel T 1866

Clark, Leander, jr 1S66-68 Royce, Charles B 1S70-73

Chambers, William 1S91-

WILLIAM CHAMBERS, Superintendent of the Waterworks, was
born in County Down, Ireland, May 15, 1822. His father's name was
Samuel, and his mother's, Jane McCord; Willliam was their first
born. When he was but two years old his parents emigrated from
Belfast to Newburgh. The lapse of sixty-five years has not effaced
the memory of scenes and events in Newburgh in his early childhood,
and he can relate many reminiscences of Newburgh at that early
period in strange contrast with the present times. Mr. Chambers
recollects crossing the river in 1827 on a ferry horse-boat named the
" Caravan," which was propelled by horses; in 1828 he saw the first
steam ferry boats, "Jack Downing" and "Post Boy," and in 1830
the first steamboat owned and run from Newburgh, the " Baltimore."

His first schooldays were passed at a private school; at that time
the public school accommodations were insufficient for the population.
In 1829 the High school was built, and opened for scholars in 1830;
this school was very popular and inviting in its day. It had long-
been needed, and its capacity was promptly filled. He went to this
school from its opening until 1832, when his school days ended in
Newburgh. His parents attended the First Presbyterian Church,
Rev. Dr. John Johnston, pastor, of which his mother was a member.
His father was a carman; the village archives of 1832 record the
names of Samuel Chambers and five others licensed to do all the
carting of the village. Wood was then exclusively used in dwellings
for fuel; the day of coal and coal stoves had not arrived. The
farmer with his load of wood, and the man with buck and saw, were
prominent characters daily seen on the streets. He, hke most all
sons, inherited his politics from his father, and religious beliefs from
his mother; early education and impressions were enduring; this is
why he is a Republican in politics and a Presbyterian in religion.
When the Asiatic cholera was epidemic in this country, in 1832,
his father was the first victim of the destroyer in Newburgh; he was
attacked in the evening and died the next day at noon, August
28. This bereavement soon made a change for William. It left his
mother with five children to care and provide for, and with financial
circumstances inadequate to the responsibility.

When ten years old he went to live with a farmer in the Town of
Warwick and learn the art and science of husbandry. In those days
to be a farm boy was to labor; labor was the rule, leisure the excep-
tion. But he was fortunate in his new home with strangers; the wife

NEWBURGH,

was a Christian woman, and treated the lad with the kindness of a
mother. On the Sabbath after church, they all read chapters in the
Bible, repeated the Lord's prayer, and recited the catechism. The
change from village association and influence to farm life, when so
young, was by Providence favorably compensated for by a physical
and moral development for health and longevity. In 1846, when 24
years of age, he began seriously to anticipate the future, and was in-
spired to change for a higher vocation. At that time he was acquaint-
ed with a school teacher at Edenville — a popular instructor and Meth-
odist exhorter. He was a good Samaritan in word and deed; by his
good council and influence Mr. Chambers acquired the qualification
and commission to become a school teacher, and while his memory
lasts will owe him affectionate gratitude. He taught school for three
years (1847-49) first in the Town of Wawayanda, and next at Salis-
bury Mills. January 4, 1849, he married Hannah J. Case, of Waway-
anda. After leaving the schoolroom he was clerk for Van Allen &
Son, at Salisbury I\Iills; the father was postmaster, and the son sta-
tion agent for the railroad; they also kept a store and operated a paper
mill and a cotton factory. The Newburgh Branch of the Erie
Railway commenced running trains to Newburgh January 8, 1850.
Through business relations with Newburgh station officials, he re-
ceived a clerkship at Newburgh station. He was in the Erie Railway

ten years, from 1850 to 1861. The last two years he was sta-
tion agent, and then resigned for another change.

When the " War of the Rebelhon" commenced, his two and only
brothers, John and James, enlisted in the Union army, and he volun-
tarily sent a substitute before drafting began. He accepted a position
as bookkeeper with James Bigler, in the lumber and timber and saw
mill business, and was with him iS years, from 1861 to 1878, both as
clerk and co-partner. The business was a very large one, and for a
term of years Mr. Chambers' annual salary was five thousand dol-
lars. In 1879 he was elected an Alderman from the Second Ward by
257 majority. In 1S81-82 he was with J. P. Andrews at Buffalo, who
had a contract for masonry with the Delaware & Lackawanna Rail-
road Co. in building their road through the city of Buffalo. On his
return to Newburgh he was appointed by Postmaster Joseph M.
Dickey to be Deputy Postmaster, and served from April i, 1883, to
1887. March 9, 1891, he was appointed by the Board of Water Com-
missioners to be Superintendent of the Water Works and Secretary
of the Board. Mr. Chambers has three sons and two daughters. His
son William C. is Deputy Postmaster, Albert N. is a member of the
firm of P. Delany & Co. , proprietors of the Newburgh Steam Boiler
Works, and James L. is a book-keeper at Ferry & Napier's hat fac-
tory.

HEALTH.

HE sanitary affairs of the city are in charge of the Board
of Health. It is independent of the control of the
Common Council, and has power to enforce the pro-
visions of its excellent sanitary code. It has always
been a highly intelhgent and efficient body. Its mem-
bers are appointed by the Jlayor. The Health Officer
is a salaried physician. The duties of the Board take
a wide range, and its work is of inestimable value. Its recommenda-
tions to other municipal bodies are invariably followed, and aU its
acts have the co-operation of the people.

The sanitary arrangements are as complete as possible, and con-
sidered with the naturally healthy situation of the city, we have a
combination of favorable conditions. The sloping nature of the land
on which the city is built allows thorough sewerage and drainage.
It is difficult for any place to obtain good sewerage if built on land
that has a level surface. In such localities sewers may be and are
constructed, and if they do their work at all, they do it sluggishly
and inefficiently. The great majority, even if not all, epidemics and
scourges which sweep off their victims by the hundreds and thousands
— often designated " visitations of God " — are attributed to the want
of, or imperfect, sewerage. Happily Newburgh is so situated that it
needs no artificial means to force running water through its sewers,
or to wash its streets and gutters. Nature takes this work upon her-
self here, and does it well. There is no stagnant water — neither
puddle nor frog pond — anywhere within the limits.

Nearly all the streets are sewered, with one or more basins at the
intersections of streets to collect surface water. The gutters are
curbed, sagged and paved. Vaults are not allowed in streets where
sewers are, and no poultry nor cows can be harbored.

Inspections are made whenever nuisances are reported. The Health
Officer makes the inspection and reports to the Board of Health. If
nuisances exist a notice is served upon the owner or occupant of the
premises, ordering him to abate or remove it. If this order is disre-
garded the Board makes the abatement and charges all expenses upon
the estate. Defective house drainage, cesspools, sources of drinking

water, and contagious diseases are controlled by the Board; and it
also has power to compel those living near a sewer to connect their
drains with it. No house offal is allowed to be thrown into the street.
The Street Superintendent's department removes all ashes on stated
days of the week. The streets are cleaned by the abutters, the city
removing the collected heaps of sweepings. The business streets are
cleaned three times a week, and the others twice a week. Garbage
is removed by contractors in closed tank-wagons.

For the year 1887 the whole number of deaths was 363. Of these
51 were seventy years old and over, 38 were seventy-five years old
and over, 24 were eighty and over, 3 were ninety and over, i was
ninety-seven, and one was one hundred and two years old.

In 188S the number of deaths was 469 (22 being by violence). Of
these, 61 were seventy years old and over, 44 were seventy-five and
over, and 33 were eighty and over.

In 1889 there were 474 deaths, including those by violence. Of
these, 73 were seventy years old and over, 46 were seventy-five and
over, 20 w^ere eighty and over, 10 were eighty-five and over, i was
ninety-three, and i was ninety-four.

The country about Newburgh is a great health resort, and harbors
thousands v{ boarders in Summer. Many gentlemen who have re-
tired from business elsewhere have come to this beautiful and health-
ful place to spend their declining years, while others doing business
in New York have their country seats here.

N. P. Willis, in the introductory chapter to " Out-doors at Idle-
wild," (1855) says:

" To many the most essential charm of Highland Terrace, how-
ever (as a rural residence in connection with life in New York), will
be the fact that it is the nearest accessible point of complete inland
chmate. Medical science tells us that nothing is more salutary than
change from the seaboard to the interior, or from the interior to the
seaboard; and between these two climates the ridge of mountains at
West Point is the first eft'ectual separation.

" The raw winds of the coast, so unfavorable to some constitu-
tions, are stopped by this wall of cloud-touching peaks, and, with the
rapid facilities of communication between salt and fresh air, the bal-
ance can be adjusted without trouble or inconvenience, and as much

NEWBURGH

Uken of either as is found healthful or pleasant. The trial of climate
which the writer has made for a long summer, in the neighborhood
of these mountainous hiding-places of electricity, the improvement of
health in his own family, and the testimony of many friends who have
made the same experiment, warrant him in commending it as a pe-
culiarly salutary and invigorating air." Then, addressing a certain
class, he adds:

" For those who have their time in some degree at their own dis-
posal — who have competent means of luxurious independence — who
have rural tastes and metropolitan refinements rationallv blended —
who have families which they wish to surround with the healthful
and elegant belongings of a home, while at the same time they wish
to keep pace with the world, and enjoy what is properly and only en-
joyable in the stir of cities — for this class, the class as we have said
before of leisure, refinement and luxury — modern and recent changes
are preparing a new theory of what is enjoyable in life. It is a mix-
ture of city and country, with a home in the country. And the spot
with the most advantages for the first American trial of this new com-
bination, is, we venture confidently to record, the Highland Terrace,
encircled in the extended arm of the mountains above West Point."

The Board of Health is at present constituted as follows: Mayor
IMichael Doyle, President cx-officio: Chas. H. Doughty, *William C.
Lawson, Charles Mapes, Samuel C. Mills. John Deyo, M. D., Wilham
T. Hilton. James Gordon, M. D., Health Officer; D. J. Coutant,
Clerk.

The following citizens have been member of the Board of Health:

Cameron, William F.
Carson, William W iS

Kimball, Samuel G 1S67-68

Lawson, William C iSgo-gi

Comstock, Stephens., M. D.1866 Lockwood, D. S 1887-gi

Church, SamuelP.,M. D.1868-69 Mapes, Charles. ...1878-82, 1883-gi

Callahan, W. H. 1S73-78, 1S82-S3 Marsh, Edward J. F 1883-85

Crissey, Gilbert R^ 1881-82 McCann, Alex part of 1873

Decker, Charles N
Deyo, Nathaniel, M. D

Deyo, John, M. D 1882-91

Doughty, Charles H 1S90-91

Garner, Henry i888-go

Heard, Johns., M. D "' ~

Hilton, William T 1891-

Jones, Hiram A 1866-67

Mills, Samuel C i88g-gi

Moffat, David H 1866-67

Schoonmaker, John 18S5-88

Scott, Francis 1867-68

Smith, Lewis M 1880-81

867-S3 Tice, Charles W i86g-7o

Townsend, Wilham i86g-8g

Van Nort, John F i86g-72

HEALTH OFFICERS.

Deyo, John, M. D 1880-S2 Montfort, R. V. K., M. D. . 1866-69

Fenton, John W., M. D.. 1870-71 Stone. M. C, M. D 1878-80

Gordon, James, M. D. 1872-76, 1882-gi
Health Officer in i8gi, James Gordon, M. D.

PHYSICIANS.

The number of physicians in the city is thirty-five, as follows: A.
E. Adams, Peter M. Barclay, James G. Birch, Elman H. Borst, Miss
Sarah A. Clock, F. S. Cole, John Deyo, Agnes R. Dickson, Smith
Ely, Gustav Gartzmann, W. Stanton Gleason, James Gordon, Louis
E. Hanmore, Louis A. Harris, John T. Howell, Frank A. Jacob-
son, Wilham Jones, A. V. Jova, R. J. Kingston, Joseph Kittel, J. D.
Malone, Jerome A. Maubey, John J. Jlitchell, R. V. K. Montfort,
Henry F. Nichols, James E. O'Malley, L. G. Roberts, M. C. Stone,
Senan L. Sweeney, S. F. Teed, Thomas L. Ward, L. Y. Wiggins,
Henry Wilson, H. E. Winans, C. N. Woolley.

DR. ELIAS PECK was descended from William Peck, one of the
founders of the New Haven colony in the Spring of 1638. With his
wife, Elizabeth, and his son Jeremiah, William emigrated from
England to this country, with Governor Eaton, Rev. John Daven-
port and others, in the ship Hector, arriving at Boston from London
June 26, 1637. Dr. Peck's ancestors continued to reside in New
England until the year 1804, when his father, Abraham Peck, and
Anna, his wife, migrated from Greenwich, Conn, (which had been
their home for several generations), to Warwick, Orange County,
N. Y.,and purchased what is now known as the Benedict Farm,
on which Elias was born in 1806.

At the age of 12 his parents removed to Kentucky, and his boyhood
from that period was spent in that State. Soon after arriving
an epidemic, known locally as milk sickness, prevailed and both par-
ents contracted the malady and died. At this early age (14 years)
Elias was thrown on his own resources. He succeeded in securing
the educational advantages that the common schools and academy af-

forded, and commenced reading medicine with Dr. Beach, of New-
York, at the age of 20. He received his medical education at the Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, of New York City, and settled in
Newburgh m 1S33.

In the same year he married Catherine I. Millard, of New York
City, and his long Hfe of usefulness is well known by the older New -
burghers. His efforts were expended in relieving suffering, and tht-
poor of this city ever found in him a friend whose best vears were

ELIAS PECK, M. D.

spent in promoting their welfare. After a successful life, measured
by 32 years of active professional work, he died in July, 1865. Three
children survive him: Thomas M. and John E., of Grand Rapids,
Mich., and Catherine A., of New York City.

WILLIAM A. M. CULBERT, M. D., was born in New York
City November 4, 1S22, where during his earlier years he resided.
His father, John Culbert, settled in New York soon after the Revolu-
tion, and for almost half a century was engaged in mercantile pur-
suits. Dr. Culbert was a graduate of both the Academic and Medi-
cal Departments of the University of the City of New York, and
pursued a post-graduate course in the former, after receiving his
degree of B. A., and entered the latter from the office of his precep-
tor. Dr. Valentine Mott, then the most noted surgeon in the world
and Professor of Surgery in the University. Dr. Culbert, early in
his professional life, espoused the principles of homoeopath)', and
settled in practice in Newburgh in the Fall of 1847, where he remain-
ed until his death.

Carefully educated, possessed of an unusually clear and logical
mind, fully alive to every advance in his profession and allowing no
one dogma to fetter his judgment — he was a physician in the broad-
est sense of the term. Ever true to the interests of his patients, Dr.
Culbert soon won and maintained to the time of his death the repu-
tation of an accurate diagnostician, an independent thinker and an un-
usually practical and successful prescriber.

Dr. Culbert was married October 12, 1852, to Miss Henrietta,
daughter of Robert and Louisa A. Powell, and grand-daughter
of Thomas Powell, who was then in the enjoyment of a vigorous
old age.

Besides occupying the position of an intelligent and successful
physician in the community in which he passed so many years of his

NEWBURGH

life, Dr. Culbert was also recognized as a leading citizen, perform-
ing in a plain, modest, dignified and courteous manner the various
social duties that devolved upon him.

His patient, earnest effort in the interest of health, his devotion
to the suffering, his rare good judgment which seldom failed in

effecting prompt relief, his gentleness, his honesty — all these qualities
endeared him in the hearts of many until he ceased to be looked
upon as a physician merely upon duty bent, and was held in esteem
as a friend. This place which he won, this honor in which he
was held, this solicitude which the whole city expressed during his
illness, are so many evidences that he possessed a rare quality of
manhood. Besides his widow he left one son, Francis Ramsdell.
Dr. Culbert died November 10, 1890.

be the study of this multiplication and dispersion, which has now cov-
ered a period of over two hundred years, our purpose is to note simp-
ly the career of a single member of one of its branches — that of Na-
thaniel Deyo, a lineal descendant of Christian Doyau, whose life-work
was performed, as was that of many other descendants of the ancient
refugees of New Paltz, as a citizen of Newburgh.

Nathaniel Deyo was born in that portion of the Paltz now called
Gardiner, Ulster County, May 14, 1S17. His father, Jonathan D.
Deyo, was a farmer. His mother, Mary Hardenbergh Deyo, was a
DeWitt, niece of Simeon DeWitt, Geographer of the Army of the
Revolution, and also of Mary DeWitt, the wife of General James
Clinton, the mother of DeWitt Clinton. After finishing an academic
course at the Montgomery Academy, he commenced the study of
medicine with Dr. Daniel N. Deyo, at New Paltz; subsequently con-
tinued his studies with Dr. Peter Millspaugh, of Montgomery, and
matriculated at Jefferson Medical College, in Philadelphia, receiving
his degree from that institution in 1S38.

Dr. Deyo began the practice of his profession at Marlborough,
Ulster County, and continued there until 1S43. During the Winter
of 1843-44 he attended lectures within the venerable walls of his
A /in a Mater, at Philadelphia, and on his return to his native State
located at Newburgh, where he continued practice until his last ill-
ness. He died January 21, iSSi.

His career as a phj-sician was of the most successful character,
his practice including a very large number of our most substantial
citizens, which, taxing his physical energies to the utmost, no doubt
hastened his death. His professional attainments gave him the con-
fidence of the community, and his fellow physicians consrdted him
with great frequency in difficult cases. With these attainments he
possessed a genial disposition and a ready tact, which made his pres-
ence welcome in the sick room, and endeared him to a large circle of
friends.

NATHANIEL DEYO, M. D. The result of the revocation of the
Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV of France, was that rather than con-
form to the established religion, four hundred thousand Protestants —
among the most industrious, the most intelligent, and the most relig-
ious of the nation, quitted France and took refuge in Holland, Eng-
land and America, while the persecution, which preceded the revoca-
tion led many to anticipate the event by leaving the country. Among
the latter class were Louis du Bois, Christian Doyau, Abraham Has-
broug, Andre le Febvre, Jean Hasbrou?, Pierre Doyau, Louis Be-
viere, Anthoine Crispel, Abraham du Bois, Hugo Frere, Isaac du Bois
and Simon le Febvre, who, escaping from France to Holland, and
thence coming to America located in the Summer of 1677 in the prov-
ince of New York, on a tract of 36,000 acres, in what is now the County
of Ulster, to which they gave the name of New Paltz, by which it is
still known.

Multiplying in their new home their children went forth to found
others, permeating the social life and indoctrinating the religious sen-
timent of settlements around them — sending their sons into the coun-
cils of the State and to the battle-fields of the Nation in all its stages
of development and perpetuation. Interesting and valuable as would

NATHANIEL DEYO.

Dr. Deyo was a member of the Orange County Medical Society,
and also of the Board of Health of the City of Newburgh from 1S70
to 1879, and was one of the founders and the first President of Cedar
Hill Cemeterv. He married in 1S40 Jliss Cornelia Bruyn DuBois,

NEWBURGH

daughter of Louis DuBois, and grand-daughter of Colonel Louis
DuBois of the 5th New York Continental Regiment of the Revolu-
tionary Army. CIoikI DuBois was a delegate to the Provincial
Congress of New York in 1775, and also a delegate to the Provincial
Congress whicli met later in the same year.

The surviving children of Dr. Nathaniel Deyo andCorneha Bru>Ti
DuBois, his wife, are Evehna, wife of M. C. Belknap; Robert E.,
Nathaniel DuBois. John Van Zandt and Cornelia A., wife of D. D.
Sherman.

LEWIS YOUNG WIGGINS was born June i, 1825, near Otis-
ville, Orange County, N. V. His grandfather, ^VilHam, emigrated
from the north of Ireland and resided first at Hempstead, L. I., and
afterwards in the Town of New Windsor, where his son Stephen was
born. When Stephen reached manhood he and his father jointly pur-

chased a large farm lying south of Otisville, and moved thereto.
Stephen married Olive Jillett, of Otisville, daughter of a French Hu-
guenot; Lewis Young Wiggins was a child of that union. When he
was a lad of five his parents moved to a farm in the Town of New-
burgh opposite the Middlehope M. E. Church, remaining there two
years; during which time Lewis attended school at Balmville. Then
returning with the family to the old farm near Otisville he attended
school there till he was fifteen, and then taught the same school him-
self for one term in the Summer. The following Winter he became
a pupil again, but the next year he taught in the Town of Minisink,
and subsequently in the Town of Wallkill, then again at Otisville and
last a school near Bloomingburgh. In the meantime he had begun
to read medicine in the evenings in the office of Dr. Cook, of Otis-
ville, and in the Winter of 1843-44 he attended the lectures at the Al-
bany Medical College. Being dependent solely upon his own endeav-
ors for the means of acquiring his professional education, the follow-
ing Summer found him again teaching school in the day time and
studying medicine under Dr. Cook's oversight at night. The next
Winter (1844-45) ^^ entered the medical department of the LTniversity
of the City of New York, and the next Summer taught school in that
city and also sti.died under the preceptorship of Dr. Valentine Mott,

the leading surgeon of his time. The following Winter he again at-
tended the medical college, and received his diploma in 1846, when he
had arrived at the age of 21. Dr. Wiggins, however, continued his
studies at the hospitals, and took up his permanent residence in New
York. He opened an office at the corner of Wooster and Houston
Streets, and had a drug store in connection therewith. While he
continued in New York Dr. Wiggins' relations with Dr. Mott and his
son-in-law. Dr. Van Buren, were very intimate, and most of their
night calls were turned over to him. The instruction and encourage-
ment he received from these eminent men were of priceless value.

In 1847 Dr. Wiggins married Mary Cornell, of New York, the sis-
ter of J. B. and W. W. Cornell, the well-known iron men. His resi-
dence in Newburgh began in 1855, when he opened an office and drug-
store in Colden Street. He immediately acquired a high standing in
the profession, having great repute for surgical ability. Dr. George
Brown, who then had the largest practice in the city, employed him
in one hundred and sixty cases to perform difficult operations in child-
birth. During the forty-five years he has been a physician he has al-
ways done the best he could for suffering humanity, and how many
of the first accents of the living and the last farewells of the dying
have fallen upon his earl Between ten and eleven thousand infants
have passed through his hands into this breathing world. He has
been indefatigable in his devotion to the interests of his patients and
skillful in the treatment of complicated diseases; sympathetic with
the suffering, his aid has been given as willingly to the penniless as
to those abundantly able to compensate him. For thirty-two years
he was the physician to the Alms House, and an esteemed advisor of
the Board; and since the completion of the West Shore Railroad he
has been the resident surgeon. As a citizen he has large property
interests and has concerned himself in whatever was for the munici-
pal advantage, not holding aloof from his fellows nor confining him-

self exclusively to his professional field; his interest gi-asps every
worthy topic of the day, and his cheery greetings and bright conver-
sations are the characteristics of a man of simple manners and com-
prehensive mind. His first wife having died, Dr. Wiggins married

NEWBURGH

ilary E. Olmstead, of Delaware County, by whom he has two sons
Dr. Levi O. and Charles L., both of whom have adopted their father'
profession.

SMITH ELY, M. D., is the son of Moses and Eliza (Coleman) Ely,
and has been a resident of Newburgh since he was nine years old, at
which time his parents moved from Washingtonville, Orange County,
where he was born. After having graduated at the ordinary
establishments of intermediate education, he entered the French
institute of Prof. Alzamora, and afterwards studied medicine
first in the office of Dr. Charles Drake, and subsequently at the Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City, and at the Ver-
mont Medical College. After graduating he became one of the resi-
dent physicians at the Emigrants' Hospital, Ward's Island, N. Y.,
and afterward made several voyages as surgeon on the steamer
Franklin between New York and Havre. In further pursuance of his
studies he passed two winters in the schools and hospitals of London
and Paris. Thus equipped he finally settled in partnership with his
former preceptor. Dr. Drake, of Newburgh, and ever since he has
had a large and most successful practice. He is devoted to his pro-
fession, and is recognized as skillful in the diagnosis and treatment

of diseases and as a surgeon of high standing. Dr. Ely was a mem-
ber of the Board of Education from 1876 to 1880. He is now a mem-
ber of the New York State Medical Society and of the Orange County
Medical Society. He married Gertrude, daughter of Charles W.
Hardy, of Portsmouth, N. H., in 1870.

JOHN JAMES MITCHELL, M. D., is the son of the Rev. John
Shefiicld Mitchell, D. D., of Block Island, R. I., and Ahce Trask,
of Exeter, N. Y. He was born at Cortlandville, N. Y., July 8, 1834.
The family is of Puritan ancestry. His father was a direct descendant
of Thomas Mitchell, who settled in Block Island, R. I., and bought
one-fourth of one original share of the Island in 1677. This

JAMES GORDON,

Thomas Mitchell was the eldest son of Experience Jlitchell. who
came to America in 1623 in the ship Ann, which was the second
boat to arrive at the Plymouth Colony after the Mayflower, which
came in 1620. His
grandmother, Ruth
Sheffield, was di-
rectly related to
John Sheffield,
Duke of Bucking-
ham and Earl of
Mulgrave, of Eng-
land, whose tomb
occupies a promi-
nent position in
Westminster Ab-
bey. Dr. John J.
Mitchell spent eight
years of his early
life in Baltimore,
Md. Had his pre-
liminary education
there, and in Ne\\
York and Nc«
Haven, Conn IV
gan the stud\ t
medicine with Di
C. C. Foote, of
New Haven. En-
tered the New
York Medical Col-
lege in 1854, and
was there under

the instruction of Drs. Fordyce Barker, E. R. Peaslee, J.
Murray Carnochan, Ogden Doremus and others, and graduated
in 1857. Received the appointment of city physician for the
Eastern District of Brooklyn after his graduation, which he re-
tained until his removal to New York City in 1859. Settled in 50th
Street near Beekman Hill. He maiTied, in June, 1S63, Philena B.,
daughter of Nor-
man Rose, Esq., of
Schuyler's Lake,
six miles from
Richfield Springs,
N. Y. Dr. Mitchell
occupied the chair
of chemistry in the
New York Hom-
oeopathic Medical
College for several
years, until his re-
moval to New-
burgh in i86g. In
1883 he was elect-
ed President of
the Homoeopathic
Medical Society of
the State of New
York, and deliver-
ed the annual ad-
dress before that
body in the capitol
at Albany, Febru-
ary 13, 1883. He
has two children,
Edgar Ormsby,
born in New York
City, educated at

Phillips (Exeter) Academy and Harvard University, and a graduate
of Harvard Medical College in 1891; and Marion jMitchell, who was
born in Newburgh.

MALONE, M.

NEWBURGH

DR. JAMES GORDON, who has faithfully served our city in the
capacity of Health Otficer for about fifteen years, was born in the
North of Ireland, in the Town of Hillsborough, within ten miles of
Belfast. He came to this city in 1S57, before he had reached his ma-
jority, for the purpose of visiting friends; hut he afterwards con-
cluded to remain here. For a time he attended the Newburgh
Academy, and subsequently pursued a course of study at Fort Ed-
ward Institute, in this State. After completing this course he taught
in public schools in New Jersey for two years. During the second
year he took up the study of medicine, under Dr. Chatties, at Long
Branch, New Jersey. He attended lectures at the Jefferson Medical
College, of Philadelphia, and graduated from that institution in 1866.
After graduation he located in Newburgh in 1867, and has been en-
gaged in the practice of his profession in this city ever since, except
for a period of about six months during the Winter of 1867 and Spring
of 1 868, while on a tour in the Old World spent mostly in visiting
celebrated hospitals.

Dr. Gordon was brought up in the established or English Church,
and from childhood was associated with the Sunday schools and
church work in his native land. When he came to Newburgh he was
received into membership in St. George's Church by letter. His mem-
bership with St. George's continued until St. Paul's Parish was found-
ed, when he transferred his membership to that church, where he
still belongs. He has been a member of the Vestry of this church,
serving continuously since 1S73.

Dr. Gordon was one of the organizers of the Knights of Honor and
Knights of Pythias in this city, and has also been a member of the
Masonic fraternity for about twenty years. He has been an ex-
amining surgeon for pensions for the United States Government since

1S68, and still holds that p().sition. In 1S72 he was appointed Health
Officer for this city, and served till 1877. He was appointed again in
1882, and has served until the present time. As Health Officer he has
always been deeply interested in every measure that would result in
the sanitary well-being of the city and in the suppression of nuisances
of every kind. Particularly has he taken an active interest in the
building of sewers, and the abolishing of vaults and introducing of
sanitary closets in the houses.

He married Nettie W. Johnston, of Washington, New Jersey, in
1872, and has one son and three daughters.

JOHN DUHIG MALONE, M. D., was born at Limerick, Ireland,
November S, 1841. At the age of ten he entered St. Munchin's
College, Limerick, where he received his literary and classical edu-
cation, and was graduated at the age of seventeen. His medical
education was received at the Queen's University, Ireland, and at
the hospitals in Dublin, Cork and Limerick. In the early part of 1863
he came to the L^nited States, and shortl}' after was appointed Acting
Assistant Surgeon in the L^nited States Navy. He served in the At-
lantic and Gulf fleets, and was in special service on the Canadian
coast. In 1867, while on a leave of absence, he received the diploma
of M. D. from Dartmouth College. In 1868 he was honorably dis-
charged from the navy, and commenced the practice of medicine and
surgery in Newburgh. In 1872 he married the daughter of the late
Thomas Ryan. She died the following year, leaving a daughter.
The doctor continues faithfully and skillfully to discharge the duties
of a large practice, but occasionally, in the Summer months, finds
rest and recreation in a trip to Europe.

RESIDENCE OF R, J KINGSTON.

> Grand Street.

THE POLICE DEPARTMENT.

HE citizens of Newburgh are an exceedingly orderly
and law-abiding people. The Palatines and their suc-
cessors left us a heritage of morality and decorum
that have been characteristic of the city till this day.
The sentiment of the community frowns upon all un-
seemly conduct — drunkenness, disorder, blasphemy
and lawlessness; we respect life and property and re-
member the Sabbath day. The normal tone of the municipality is
on a high moral standard. Crime is not unknown here, but it is ex-
ceptional; usually peace and decency reign.
Order is preserved by a model police
force. The same prudence, prescience and
liberality manifested in other departments
of municipal government are exemplified
here. The force consists of twenty-two ath-
letic men — a marshal, two sergeants, two
roundsmen, sixteen patrolmen and a janitor.
The headquarters are in First Street, in a
three-story building apportioned into a
court room, sitting room, office, sleeping
rooms and cells. The force is divided into
two reliefs, which are alternately six hours
off and six hours on duty during the
twenty-four. In reality a poHceman is al-
ways on duty, for when not patrolling his
beat he is at Headquarters, ready to re-
spond to any call. They are liberally paid,
neatly uniformed, and strict discipline is
enforced. The company is thoroughly drill-
ed, and when at the head of a procession no
line of militar)' can march better than our
policemen. They are brave, courteous and
faithful, the terrors of evil-doers and ad-
miration of peaceable citizens. Besides
guarding our homes and persons, by day
and by night, they perform many other
public services. A considerable number of
night watchmen, regularly commissioned,

and, though not all uniformed, possessing the powers of regular po
licemen, are also a great protection to property and help to the de
partment.

The department is now constituted as follows;

M,\RSH.\L.

JAMES H. SARVIS.

SERGEANTS.

Janitor — George Robinson.

Morgan, Alexander 1866-69 Forsyth, John W 1874

Goodrich, Alfred 1870-71 Bancroft, Robert C 1875-86

Chase, James T 1872-73 Sarvis, James H 1887-91

James Maher,
Samuel Lozier

: Relief.

PATROLMEN.

Sergeant Maher'
John Powers,
John McCracken,
Rensselaer Ward,
WilUam J. Henderson,
John Conyngham,
Michael J. Oulton,
Alanson O. Topping,
Christopher Miles,
Clark B. Galatian, Special PoHce, Washington's Headquarters

Eugene Moore.

WiUiani F. Hannan.

Sergeant Moore's Relief.
John Koch,
Thomas R. Depuy,
Thomas W. McEntyre,
Charles Barton,
Patrick J. Glynn,
William Rhynders.
Watson Jerome,
John J. Darragh

JAMES H. SARVIS, Chief of Police, came of a family long
settled in the Town of Newburgh. His grandfather, John Sarvis, came
from New Jersey before the present century
and cleared up a farm at Fostertown; he
lived 94 years. William Sarvis, the father
of the Chief, was born and reared on the
farm, and there also James H. was born
May 4, 1S40. His parents moved to New-
burgh when he was about three years old.
When he came of proper age he was sent to
the Clinton Street school and afterwards to
the High School. In 1S55 he shipped on a
sailing vessel that plied between Newburgh
and Albany, and afterwards was on various
sea-going vessels in the coasting trade. He
became an expert seaman and navigator
and was promoted to first mate and captain.
In 1S62 he was captain of the John R.
Brick, a Hudson River sailing vessel, which
position he relinquished in July of that year,
and volunteered to go to the war with
the Nineteenth Regiment. He served
with it during its three months' ser-
vice. He went out as a private but af-
terward was elected corporal. In 1863
he engaged with Benjamin B. Odell in
the ice business, and continued with
him as Superintendent till the Spring
of 1887, when he was appointed by
S— Chief of Police. Mayor Odell to the command of the

department of police. When the Seven-
teenth Battalion of the National Guard was organized he became
a member of Company E, and was elected corporal. He won the
prize for the best marksman in the battalion, and was a mem-
ber of the battalion team of marksmen which won the cham-
pionship of the brigade. An ardent Republican, he was for
many years an efficient worker in behalf of the local party, and for
about twenty years a member of ward committees. He was com-
plimented with the nommation for Supervisor of the First Ward,
and in 1S85 elected to the Board of Alms House Commissioners.
On taking command of the police force he at once took measures
to increase its efficiency; and during his administration it has
been strengthened in numbers, and its discipUne and system
greatly improved. In i88g, by act of the Legislature, the salaries
were increased. Marshal Sarvis is a good officer, prompt in de-
tecting criminals, and rigid in enforcing law and order. He
has been married twice; his first wife was Susan, daughter of
Levi Vredenburgh, of Newburgh, who died in 1864, leaving
four children; his present wife is Flora M., daughter of Samuel
Bennett, of West Virginia, who has had three children.

BREWSTER HOOK Ar^D LADDER CO NO 1 — B^.:i;.dl^.av neir Grand St.

S*^!- * n ''"^'-1 ' iimmiiiiiiiiiiiw* """

-^m^

COLUMBIAN HOSE CO, MO 2, and LAWSON HOSE CO, NO, 5.
Montfomc-.y Street, corner .,f Second Street

R NljGOLD HOSE COMPANY NO

THE FIRE DEPARTMENT,

HE Newburgh volunteer fire department is one of the
oldest in the State of New York. It has ever been
conspicuovis because of its efficiency. Its unrewarded
service has been performed with skill and heroism,
that have been of inestimable benefit to the city, as
well as having brought honor to the members. From
its earliest days, nearly one hundred years ago, and all
through the years until now, the registry of the department has had
enrolled on its pages men who have obtained honored places in busi-
ness, the professions and in official service. Being composed of men
of good character, in love with the service, prompt in answering
duty's call, and careful in their government, the department has right-
ly won the admiration of the community.

The record of the department speaks for itself. It is not only one
of the oldest, but it has not its superior among the volunteer depart-
ments of the State. The confidence born of this efficient service is
manifested in the attitude of the insurance companies, and the low
rates on which risks are taken on property within the limits of the
city.

The present department consists of three steam fire engine com-
panies, five hose companies and one hook and ladder company,
namely: Brewster Hook and Ladder Company No. i, C. M. Leonard
Steamer Company No. 2, Highland Steamer Company No. 3, Wash-
ington Steamer Company No. 4, Ringgold Hose Company No. i,
Columbian Hose Company No. 2, Washington Heights Hose Com-
pany No. 3, Chapman Hose Company No. 4, Lawson Hose Company

^fl

STARTING FOR

The membership of the department 1
three assistant chief engineers: seventy-
company, seventy-five members of the

onsists c)f (ine chief engineer,
Sve members of each engine
hook and ladder company.

and fifty of each hose company, making a total force of five hundred
and fifty.

The engines are drawn by horses and have hose carts attached.
The alarms are sounded by means of the Gamewell electric system,
and are struck on the Union Church bell, the First Presbyterian

RECOLLECTIONS OF OLD TIMES.

Church bell, in the houses of the companies, at police headquarters
and at the residence of the chief engineer. The boxes are located in
all sections of the city. The system was adopted in 1889. The tele-
phone has also been of service to the department. There are 276 fire
plugs. The force of water, as has been stated, is sufficient for fire
protection in most parts of the city without the intervention of the
engines. The engine houses are all fine structures, and complete in
their appointments. Each company has its parlors handsomety fur-
nished. They are scenes of many social gatherings.

The Fire Department Fund is managed by representatives from
the fire companies. The fund is derived from the receipts of foreign
insurance companies for the benefit of local fire departments, and
from the interest of such portion of the fund as may be invested. It
is appropriated for the relief of disabled firemen and their families.
It amounts to about $20,000.

The Legislative act providing for the organization of a fire depart-
ment in the Village of Newburgh was passed March 24, 17.97, three
years before the village was incorporated. The Newburgh Packet
— the first newspaper printed in the village — in its issue of February
20, 1795, gives an account of a fire in the store of John McAuley and
urges the necessity of having an " engine in town." This suggestion
was probably soon after followed, for before the passage of the act,
the citizens had alreadv purchased an engine. The act specified two
classes of firemen, " one to have the care, inanagement. workmg and

[93]

NEWBURGH

using of the engine now provided;" the other class the bucket bri-
gade, of which everj' house-holder was a member. The engine was
probably purchased in 1796. The act defined the fire limits and
directed the election of five trustees, " to be called the Trustees of the
Fire Comuany in the ^'illage of Newburgh," the freeholders in which

A F RE DEPARTMEt4T OF YE OLDEN TIME.

were empowered to elect annually not more than five trustees, who
should have the appointment of firemen and the control and manage-
ment of the fire department. The Board of Trustees of the Fire De-
partment was therefore the first form of government in the -s-illage.

The first engine was not a suction machine, and it was the duty of
the bucket brigade to keep its tank full of water. All house-owners
were required by law to keep on hand for use at a fire a certain
number of fire buckets, with their names, or initials, painted thereon.
When the fire alarm was sounded, the men hurried with the buckets
to the fire; if the men were not at home, the women set the buckets
out on the sidewalks, and firemen'ran through the streets, gathered
them up and carried them to the fire. Engine
Company No. i was limited to twenty members,
but the trustees had power to command the assist-
ance of all able-bodied inhabitants; there was
seldom a lack of helpers. Arrived at the fire, the
men formed in bucket lines often extending to the
river, and passed water to the engine. It was not
uncommon to see women working in the lines.

The act of 1797 was superseded by the act
incorporating the village, and the powers which -

it conferred were thereafter vested in the Village
Trustees. Another engine was purchased (pre-
vious to 1802) and designated No. 2. In 1805 an
organization designated ' ■ Bagmen " was formed,
the members of which were required to attend
all fires for the purpose of taking charge of
goods. Each member furnished himself with a
bag, and wore a hat with a crown painted white
and the rim black, and having the letter B paint-
ed in black on the front of the crown. John
McAuley was the foreman of the company, which consisted of eight
members.

The first engine house was probably erected about the time of the
purchase of the first engine, and was "near the house of Robt. W.
Jones, on Eight-Rod Street," now called Broadway. Subsequent-
ly a house was built for Company No. 2 on the ' ' northeast comer of
the Presbyterian Church lot," where Union Church now is. The
buildings were of wood and very rude structures. In 1806 the com-
panies were composed of the following members :

No. I.— William L. Smith, Enoch E. Tilton, Walter Burling, Henry
Tudor, Ward M. Gazlay, Gilbert N. Clement, Minard Harris, John
Carskaden, Caleb Sutton, George E. Hulse, John Coleman, John
Hoaglaud, William Adee, Andrew Preston, Nicholas Wright, John
Forsyth, Walter Case.

No. 2. — John Harris, Jonathan Fisk, John
Anderson, jr., Leonard Carpenter, Selah
Reeve, James Hamilton, Samuel I. Gregory,
William Gardiner, Nathaniel Burling, Solo-
mon Sleight, Jonathan Carter, Hiram WeUer,
Samuel Wright, Hugh Spier, Thomas
Powell, Cornelius DeWitt, Joseph Hoffman,
Cadwallader Roe, Daniel Niven, jr., Benoni
H. How-ell, Sylvanus Jessup, Joseph Reeve,
John Richardson.
jf V ^ On March 3, 1810, the Trustees passed a

I [ ] I ] ^ _^^'''^-| resolution providing for an addition of eight
men to the two fire companies, " which eight
men shall be under a foreman, and vice fore-
man, and it shall be their duty to take in
charge the fire hooks and ladders and exer-
cise with them each and every day that the
fire company No. 2 exercises."

In Januarj', 1S24, the Trustees, in com-
pliance with a petition passed at a mass
meeting of citizens, contracted with E. Force,
of New York, for a new engine, at a cost of
S750. In the same month they purchased a
lot on the northeast comer of Montgomery
and Second Streets for §92, and laid a tax
of Si, 200 to pay for the engine and build an engine house. The
insurance companies contributed a total of S250 in addition. The
new engine arrived in March, and was assigned to Company No. i.
which immediately re-organized as Company No. 3, and a new com-
pany was formed to man engine No. i. All the companies took up
their quarters in the new engine house.

On August 5, 1828, the hook and ladder company was made a dis-
tinct and separate organization. The original engine house did not
occupy the full lot, and a long, narrow shed was built in the rear for
the implements of the hook and ladder company-. The truck was a
two-wheeled vehicle, and never was painted. The meetings of the

AN OLD-FASHIONED HAND ENGINE.

company were held on the sidewalk.
tion of citizens, Washington Engii
ganized, and an engine ordered.
Western Avenue (Broadway) for S3C

On May 6, 1835, on the peti-
e Company, No. 4 was or-

A lot was purchased on
D, and an engine house erect-

ed thereon. On July 4, 1837, Niagara Engine Company, No. 5
was organized, A house was erected for the company on the
north side of South Street, between Smith and Water, and it is still
standing. This house and that of Washington Engine Company
were alike in every respect. Niagara engine was also the duplicate

NEWBURGH.

of Washington engine. A new engine was also purchased for No. i
company, and No. 3 became known as Cataract Engine Company.

Some of our old citizens relate interesting reminiscences of the fire
department about this period. In 1835 there were very few houses
above Montgomery Street, except at Old Town. The river was
the principal source of water supply, but wells and cisterns were
often di-awn upon. A village ordinance required that during the
time the river was frozen over holes should be cut in the ice at the
foot of every street extending to the river, and that the persons
whose duty it was should cut away the ice that had formed the
previous night, so that in case of fire, water could be drawn up
through these holes without delay.

Engine No. i was a small machine, but an extraordinarily good
one for its size, and peculiarly useful. The tank was less than five
feet long, and the firemen were accustomed to lifting the machine
bodily and carrying it where they wished. Ex-Chief Engineer Chap-
man remembers seeing Mr. Spaulding, then the editor of the Journal,
a tall and powerful man, aided by but one other fireman, pick up No.
I and carry it into a yard back of Matthew Duke's row of houses (cor-
ner of Smith and Third Streets) when they once were on fire. That
was done for the purpose of reaching a cistern and many a cistern
did the old machine pump dry. The engine was sold to a theatrical
troupe in New York, and was exhibited on the stage in a play.

After the purchase of engines Nos. 4 and 5, No. 2 was not vised as
often as before, but was useful at fires at a distance from the river.
Another engine would pump water from the river and force it into
the tank of No. 2, which, being stationed near the burning building,
could then throw a stream on the flames. Engine Company No. 2
was disbanded in 1849. William Hilton was the last foreman.

The suction engines overcame the necessity for the bucket lines,
except at fires inconvenient to water supply. After a time reservoirs
were built. There was one under each of the engine houses; one at
the corner of Liberty and Third Streets; one at the corner of First
and Grand Streets; another in Third Street at the crown of the hill
between Montgomery and Grand Streets, one at the head of Fifth
Street, one in North Water Street, and another in Old Town.

In 1S44 a meeting of citizens authorized the purchase of a new
engine for No. 3 company. It was the first " piano " machine. In
1849 a new one was purchased for No. 4, and the following year one
for No. 5. These engines were the best that could be obtained in
their time. Nos. 4 and 5 were very similar. No. 5 was slightly the
better engine, but the members of No. 4 company were lively and
athletic fellows, and not only held their own against No. 5, but fre-
quently "washed her." It was customary to exercise the engine
companies and the hook and ladder company once a month, and the
contests that ensued excited intense rivalry among the firemen. The
members of No. 5 wore red hats as a distinguishing feature.

In 1S40 the membership of the companies exceeded the limit fixed
by the trustees (twenty for each company), and it was proposed that
the surplus should be permitted to act as volunteers. The trustees
referred the matter to a committee who reported against the plan,
with the result that the volunteers of No. 5 company made an "in-
dignation parade." But the cause of complaint was removed b)' the
passage of a resolution by the trustees (September 14), permitting
each company to have a membership of fifty.

The first hose company was organized in 1S41 through the efforts
of J. H. H. Chapman, Abel W. Belknap, WilUam Scott and John K.
Lawson. The company was at first known as Matrimony Hose
Company, because of the unusual number of its members who within
a short period were married. Excelsior was a more lasting name,
being retained till 1S52, when a new carriage was purchased. This
machine came from Utica, and was known as Columbian Hose No. 2,
the name being inscribed on the carriage. The company adopted
the name, and has ever since been so designated.

Not till 1S52 was a suitable house erected for the hook and ladder
company. For years it had withstood many discouragements. With
only a shed for its ladders and implements, and nothing but the side-
walk for a meeting-place, it continued to do efficient duty, and at
length impressed the authorities with its importance. A house, now
the police station, was erected in First Street, and new ladders and

implements provided. " Clinton " was the first name of the company.
In 1861 the name of " Brewster" was adopted, in honor of Hiram S.
Brewster, for several years its foreman.

The construction of the water works was begun in 1853. At that
time there were three engine companies, one hose company and one
hook and ladder company in the department. With the natural force
of water that could be obtained from fire hydrants, the value of hose
companies became apparent. The engine companies had light hose
carts, or " spiders," as they were called, with which they ran to fires,
and in most cases fires could be subdued without the aid of the en-
gines. In the course of a few years three new hose companies were
formed. In 1S61 a new engine was built by James Smith for Wash-
ington No. 4, and Cataract Engine was rebuilt in 1S67 by Charles
Hartshorn. Niagara Engine Company No. 5 disbanded Sept. 8, 1865,

C. M. LEONARD STEAMER COMPANY. NO. 2.
Water Street, near Garner Street.

because of the refusal of the village trustees to erect a new engine
house for them. The engine was given to Highland Engine Com-
pany when it was organized the following year. Cataract engine
was sold in 1S71, and the company was reorganized as Lawson Hose
Company No. 5.

On February i, 1S54, a new hose company called Muchattoes, was
sanctioned by the Trustees. The meeting for the organization of this
company was held in Joseph Cornish's shoe shop. Alexander Cauld-
well was elected foreman; John Proudfoot, assistant foreman; Joseph
Cornish, treasurer; Alex. Patterson, steward. Muchattoes had a two-
wheeled jumper, made by Corwin, Halsey & Co., and housed in First
Street. In May, 1S55, the Village of Newburgh bought from the City
of New York the carriage used by Ringgold Hose, and when passed
over to Muchattoes Hose, that company resolved to be thereafter
known as Ringgold Hose Company No. i. The house occupied by
Ringgold Hose, in Colden Street, was erected in 1862. The lot (which
then extended to South Water Street), cost $950 ; John D. Kelly was
the architect, and Little & Kelly the contractors for $2,835. The
company erected the brown stone front at its own expense. The house
has since been enlarged. A new parade carriage was built in 1SS3.

NEWBURGH

The annual parade of 1S57 was a fair example of the parades of
hand-engine days. John D. Kelly was the chief engineer. The
guests were Ringgold Hose Company No. 7, of New York (guest of
Ringgold Hose Company of Newburgh), Washington Engine Com-
pany No. 3, of Kingston, Engine Company No. 2, of Peekskill, Lack-

WASHINGTON STEAMER CO., NO, 4— Broadway, opposite High Street,

awanna Engine Company No. i , of Rondout, Engine Compan)' No.
3, of Port Jervis, and Phoenix Hose Company No. 1, of Poughkeepsie.
The Cataracts of Newburgh, wore red shirts, blue hats, white fronts;
Clinton Hook and Ladder Company of Newburgh, blue shirts, white
fronts, black hats; all the other Newburgh companies wore the regu-
lation uniform. After dinner the procession was reformed and
marched to the corner of Grand and First Streets, where the trial of
engines took place. The first trial was made by No. 3, but unfortun-
ately the hose burst twice, after the engine had forced the stream 149
feet. No. 4 next played, bursting its hose on the first trial, but throw-
ing 156 feet. No. 5 threw 160 feet. After the regular trial No. 3
again took its place at the reservoir, and threw 171 feet. One of the
most exciting performances of the day was the race between Ringgold
Hose and Columbian Hose. Starting from Catherine Street they ran
to First, Columbian going down Liberty and Ringgold down Grand.
Columbian succeeded in attaching their hose and " getting water "
first. E. P. Taylor, of Poughkeepsie, E. H. Rheutan, of Peekskill.
George H. Sharpe, of Kingston, and C. A. Gardiner, of Newburgh.
were the judges.

The first steam fire engine was ordered by the Common Council
in September, 1S71, from the Amoskeag Company, the cost being
about 84,500. The steamer arrived, and on Monday afternoon, Jan-
uary I, 1S72, was tested by Chief Engineer Leonard in the presence
of the city authorities and a large number of citizens. On the follow-
ing day the steamer threw a stream through a i}4 inch nozzle and 100
feet of hose over the top of the cross on the spire of St. Patrick's
Church, 161 feet high. With a nozzle of the same size .she forced a
stream through 100 feet of hose to a distance fif 193 feet on the level.
This was measuring the length of the solid stream and not the spray.

In 1S5S a hose company was organized in North Water Street and
designated Neptune. A brick building was erected for them on the
west side of the street, north of Broad, in 1S59. Their hose carriage
formerly belonged to Mazeppa Hose of New York. A steamer was
purchased for this company in 1S73, and thereupon the company
changed its name to C. M. Leonard Steamer Company No. 2, in
honor of the chief engineer. In 1878 their present engine house was
erected.

Chapman Hose Company was organized in September, 1S59, at the
store of Jjhn P. Toohey, then on the corner of Clinton and Liberty
Streets. Mr. Toohey was elected the first Foreman and Hugh Hamil-
ton Assistant Foreman. The company was at first quartered in a
shed on the east side of Liberty Street, north of Gidney Avenue, and
in 1SG3 a suitable house was erected in South Street, from plans made
by John D. Kelly.

New houses were built for Lawson and Columbian Hose Compan-
ies in 1S75, on the site of the old engine house (corner of Montgomery
and Second Streets), at a cost of $5,494. E. K. Shaw was the archi-
tect and William McMeekin the contractor. The lot was enlarged
by the purchase of adjoining property for Si, 600. In 1SS9 the house
of Columbian Hose Company was enlarged and otherwise improved
at an expense of about two thousand dollars. The carriage of Law-
son Hose was purchased in 1S75, and has several times been re-
modeled and otherwise improved. The carriage of Columbian Hose
was purchased in i860.

The house now occupied by Brewster Hook and Ladder Company
was erected in I S62; the architect was John D. Kelly, and the con-
tractors Little & Kelly. The truck was purchased in i860 from the
City of New York, and was once in charge of Chelsea Hook and

HIGHLAND STEAMER CO,, NO. 3— Broadway, near West Street.

Ladder Company. It is sometimes called " the White Swan," \:
cause of its color and peculiarly graceful appearance.

The house of Washington Steamer Company was enlarged
1S6S, under contract with John D. Kelly. The brown stone fro
was erected at the expense of the company.

NEWBURGH

Highland Engine Company was organized in L. G. Ostrander's
store on July 12, 1S66. On that occasion Henry Ross was the chair-
man, and J. J. E. Harrison, now president of the company, the secre-
trary. The following were elected the first officers: Moses H. Sager,
foreman ; S. Lawson, assistant; J. J. E. Harrison, secretary ; H. Ross,
treasurer; Charles L. Brown, steward. Committee on by-laws —
—Moses H. Sager, James Hobbs, C. L. Brown. The engine house
was erected in 1867, under contract with Brown & McMeekin, for
$2,990. In 1SS2 the city appropriated $5,000 for the purchase of a
steamer for the company. The contractors were the La France
Company, of Elmira, and the engine arrived Tuesday, September 6.
It weighs 5,400 pounds; the other steam fire engines weigh 4,000
pounds each. The hand engine of the Highland Company was sold
to the Village of Florida.

In 1891 the Washington Heights Hose Company was organized,
with Colonel W. D. Dickey as president; John Sansbury, foreman;
Louis H. Van Tassell, assistant foreman; Edward A. Bush, secretary.

Parade of 1889.

Platoon of sixteen members of the Newburgh Police Department,
Marshal James H. Sarvis commanding.

Cappa's Band.
New York Veteran Firemen's Association of New^ York,

Union Hill Cornet Band.
Columbian Hose Company No. 2, of Union Hill, N. J.

Middletown Cornet Band.

Phoenix Engine Company No. 4, of Middletown.

Goshen Cornet Band.

Cataract Engine Company No. 4, of Goshen.

Goeller's Cornet Band, of Kingston.

Rapid Hose Company No. i, of Rondout.

West Point U. S. M. A. Band.

Visiting Chiefs and Assistant Chiefs.

Chief Engineer and Assistants of Newburgh Department.

Brewster Hook and Ladder Companj-, No. i.

Voss' First Regiment Band, Newark, N. ].

Ringgold Hose Company, No. 1.

Brennan's Band, of Wappinger's Falls.

C. M. Leonard Steamer Company, No. 2.

Conway's Cornet Band, of Fishkill.

Columbian Hose Company, No. 2.

Collins' City Band, of Newburgh.

Highland Steamer Company, No. 3.

Ketcham Post Band, of Marlborough.

Chapman Hose Company, No. 4.

St. Joseph's Band, of Yonkers.

Washington Steamer Company, No. 4.

Albany City Band.

Lawson Hose Company No. 5.

Chief Engineers and Assistants.

Benoni H. Howell, Chief.

James Belknap, Chief.

Benjamin F. Buckingham, Chief.

1850 — William Lisle, Chief.

183I — Cicero A. Gardiner, Chief. Isaac Wood, jr.. First Assist-
ant. John W. Thomas, Second Assistant.

i.';52 — Isaac Wood, jr.. Chief. John W. Thomas, First Assistant.
Joseph A. McCartney, Second Assistant.

'S53-54^Benjamin F. Buckingham, Chief. Aikman Speir, First
Assistant. James T. Hamilton, Second Assistant.

1855-56 — John K. Lawson, Chief. Joseph A. McCartney, First
Assistant. John Proudfoot, Second Assistant.

1857-58— John D. Kelly, Chief. Joseph H. H. Chapman, First
Assistant. John J. S. McCroskery, Second Assistant.

1859-60 — Joseph H. H. Chapman, Chief. John J. S. McCroskery,
First Assistant. Hugh McMcCutcheon, Second Assistant,

1861-62 — Chancey M. Leonard, Chief. Hiram S. Brew.ster, First
Assistant. James C. Taggart, Second Assistant.

1863-64 — Chancey M. Leonard, Chief. John B. Stanbrough, First
Assistant. John W. Forsyth, Second Assistant.

1865 — Chancey M. Leonard, Chief. John DeLancy, First Assist-
ant. James C. Farrell, Second Assistant.

1866-68 — Chancey M. Leonard, Chief. James T. Van Dalfsen,
First Assistant. Archibald Hays, Second Assistant.

1869-72 — Chancey M. Leonard, Chief. Archibald Hays, First As-
sistant. Patrick Herbert, Second Assistant.

1S73 — Chancey M. Leonard, Chief. Archibald Hays, First Assist-
ant. John Fitchey, Second Assistant.

1874 — Archibald Hays, Chief. John Fitchey. First Assistant.
Odell S. Hathaway, jr. , Second Assistant.

1875-77 — William Nixon, Chief. Elkanah K. Shaw, Michael
Barry, Robert W. Hamilton, Assistants.

1S7S-80— William Nixon, Chief. Samuel J. Hewitt, jr., Robert
W. Hamilton, Hugh M. Hays, Assistants.

18S1-S3 — Nicholas Powell, Chief. Samuel J. Hewitt, jr., Norman

B. Buchanan,* Charles A. Miller, f Hugh M. Hays, Assistants.
18S4-S6 — James Cunningham, Chief. Charles A. Miller, Thomas

H. Burke, Henry JI. Leonard, Assistants.

1887-89- James Cunningham, Chief. J. Henry Chapman, DeWitt

C. Cameron, Henry C. Mellor, Assistants.

iSgo— James Cunningham, Chief. DeWitt C. Cameron, James
Driscoll, Nicholas F. Fitzpatrick, Assistants.

CHANCEY M. LEONARD was born in Newburgh in the year
1825, and in a house that occupied the site of the Bigler building at
the corner of Third and Smith Streets. He resided here until six-
teen years of age, receiving his education at the Newburgh Academy.
Then he went to New York City and learned the trade of painting.
In early manhood he became a member of the old volunteer fire
department of the metropolis, first as one of Hose Company No. 8,
and subsequently of Engine Company No. 5, which had its quarters
in Ann Street, near the spot now occupied by the Herald building.
He was elected Assistant Foreman of the engine company. At the
age of nineteen he married Miss Rebecca Smith, of New York City,
who died two years afterward, leaving a daughter, who married
Thomas K. Rheutan. In 184S he married Miss Hope Smith, a sister
of his first wife, and had several children.

In 1S50 he returned to his native city and continued to reside here
till his death. He was employed as a painter by E. T. Comstock,
and on Mr. Comstock's death in 1S59, the firm of Ward & Leonard
(Peter Ward and Chancey M. Leonard) was formed. James J. Logan
afterward being received into the partnership, the firm became
Ward, Leonard & Co. The business reached large proportions and
was then, as it is to-day, one of the most important in the trade in the
Hudson River Valley.

Mr. Leonard joined Ringgold Hose Company, No. i, in 1853. He
was elected Assistant Foreman, but his ability and experience as a
fireman were such that he was called to fill a position of greater prom-
inence. In 1861 he was elected Chief Engineer of the Newburgh Fire
Department, and at each successive election thereafter was re-elected
to the same office, till March, 1874, when he was called to take the
higher position of jNIayor of the city.

In 1S73 he was a delegate to the Democratic State Convention, and
was an honorary member of the national Association of Chief Engi-
neers. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity and well advanced
in the degrees of the order. He died at his residence, 62 Ann Street,
Thursday, December 3, 1874.

Few men who have lived in Newburgh have won the unqualified
esteem and warm friendship of his fellow-townsmen to so gi-eat a de-
gree as did Chancey M. Leonard. Coupled with his acknowledged
ability as a business man and exceptional qualifications as a fireman,
were qualities of manhood that endeared him to many. He was gen-
ial and companionable, and a frank and honorable man. His mem-
ory will long be cherished and reminiscences of his deeds related
by the firemen of the city. It was natural, then, that the an-

NEWBURGH.

nouncement of hi;
dences of sorrov

death should be received with extraordinar)^ evi-
The services in connection with his burial
were held on the
Saturday after-
noon following.
Places of business
were generally
closed, and many
buildings were
draped in white
and black. The
funeral procession
was composed of
the Police Depart-
in ent, Masonic
Lodges, the Fire
Department, the
Common Council
and ex-Aldermen,
the Board of Edu-
cation, the Board
1 >f Water Commis-
sioners, the Board
I if Alms House
Commissioners, the
clergy and physi-
cians of the city.
The hearse was es-
corted by fifty
Knights Templar.
The funeral dis-
course was dehvered at Union Church by the Rev. Wendell Prime,
D. D., and prayer was offered by the Rev. John Forsyth, D. D. and
the Rev. W. H. Gleason. A chorus of fifty voices led the singing.
The interment was in St. George's Cemetery. Henry M. Leonard,
at present City Collector, and James J. Leonard, are sons.

LEONARD.

of St. George's Church thirty-ttve years, and in its time a Trustee of
the Mechanics' Library Association. He joined Newburgh Lodge, F. &•
A. M. in 1853, was
a charter member
of Hudson River
Lodge, F.& A.M.,
and has been its
Treasurer for
twenty-five years.
He was also a char-
ter member of
Highland Chapter,
Hudson River
Commandery, and
King Solomon's
Council of Royal
and Select Masters.
In Odd Fellowship
he has been a mem-
ber of Highland
Lodge and Mount
Carmel Encamp-
ment. He was a
member of the
Board of Water
Commissioners m
1S75-S0. In 184S
Mr. Chapman mai -
r i e d L y d i a W
Sanxay, daughter
of Edmund Sanxay

She died in 1S76 leaving three sons and one daughter, the latter being
the wife of Robert Whitehill. His second wife was Mrs. Alexander
Thompson, daughter of Josiah Conger, of Montgomery. She died

JOSEPH H. H. CHAPMAN was bom

March 12, 1S23. In 1846 he was taken into
partnership by his father. Paddock Chap-
man, in the bakery and grocery business
established by Joseph Hoffman in 1793. On
the death of his father in 1S67 he became
sole proprietor. After conducting the busi-
ness a number of years he sold out to James
S. Buchanan. He was afterward in the
grocery business at the northeast corner of
Water and Second Streets, and more recent-
ly at the corner of Liberty and Third Streets.
He retired from business in 1S90. Mr. Chap-
man has been prominently identified with
many interests in his native city, and has
been a very useful member of the community.
In 1 841 he joined the Fire Department as
a member of Excelsior Hose Company, and
for ten j^ears he was Foreman of the Com-
pany. He was First Assistant Chief Engi-
neer in 1857-58, and Chief Engineer in
1859-60. There were then three hand-engine
companies, four hose companies and one
hook and ladder company. Chapman Hose
Company was organized during his term as
Chief and named in his honor. While not
performing active duty, he is still asso-
ciated with the department and is often an honored guest at
their festive gatherings. He was a member of the Board of
Village Trustees from 1859 to 1S63 inclusive. He has been a Trustee
of the Savings Bank almost since its organization, and since 1874 a
Trustee of Wa.shington's Headquarters. He has been a Vestryman

:m icr

Chief Engii

JAMES CUNNINGHAM, the present
Chief Engineer of the Newburgh Fire De-
partment, was bom in County TjTone Ire-
land, in 1843. He was brought here during
his infancy by his parents, who first settled
at West Troy, where James attended school.
When the lad was ten or twelve years old
the parents moved to New York City, where
James pursued his studies till he was appren-
ticed in a wall-paper factory to learn the trade
of a stainer, or printer. He early acquired a
liking for the duties of volunteer firemen,
and as a boy it was his wont to run with
Chelsea Hook and Ladder Company No. 2.
which then lay in Twenty-fourth Street.
When the volunteer department of Kc\\-
York Citv was disbanded Chelsea truck was
sold to the City of Newburgh, and has been
in service here ever since with Brewster Hook
and Ladder Company. In 1869 Mr. Cunning-
ham purchased the wholesale root beer busi-
ness of Michael Corkins in this cit;- and
moved here. Soon afterward he joined
Brewster Hook and Ladder Company, and
has been an active member ever since. He
was once Assistant Foreman and a£ter\.'ard
Foreman of that company. During his 'ong
and faithful service he acquired a reputation
in the department as one who thoroughly
understood the business of fighting fire. In April, 1SS4, he was elected
to the office of Chief Engineer for the term of three years, and re-ek ct-
ed in 1SS7 and 1S90. The introduction of the Gamewell electric fire
alarm system, resulting in the greatly increased efficiency of the de-
partment, has been the most important event of his adininistration.

INGHAM,

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.

The Public Schools— The Free Library— The Board of Education— Mount
St. Mary's Academy— Siglar's Preparatory School.

Xt^.

X no portion of its development has Newburgh achieved
a greater success than in that of education. The
pubhc schools have always kept abreast of the times,
both as regards accommodation and instruction. They
are fref in every meaning of the word. No tuition
whatever is charged to resident pupils, and the text
books are furnished them free of cost. Therefore,
a child of five years may enter the public schools, pass through
all the grades, and those courses which he may elect, and be grad-
uated from the academy with a superior education without a dollar's
expense to his parents.

In making choice of a residence people generally consider the op-
portunities afforded for the education of their children. That New-
burgh from its earliest settlement has been fully awake to the im-
portance of popular education we have ample proof; that it is not
niggardly in its expenditures we have the fullest evidence in the
character of its school buildings, especially the new academy.

There are seven pubhc school buildings and one public library
building. The number of children over five and under twenty-one
years of age on June 30, iSgi, was 7,066. On July 26, 1S91, the number
of children attending the schools was 3,531. In the primary depart-
ments the whole number of pupils enrolled was 2, 724; grammar depart-
.ment, 572; academy, 235. The number of teachers employed was 79,
and their aggregate salaries $39,200. The total expenditures for the
year was $74,482.51. The total number of private schools in the city
was II, and the number of pupils attending them was 1,384.

The public schools are under the charge of the Board of Educa-
tion, which is, within certain limits, independent of all other govern-
ing bodies. The Board is assisted by a superintendent, who has
general supervision. Under the fostering care and executive wisdom
of the Board, and the able administration of the superintendent, en-
couraged and supported by a cultured people, the city school system
has reached an advanced state of perfection, and does not fear com-
parison with that of any other city. Clearly recognizing that New-
burgh is a rapidly-growing manufacturing and commercial center, it
has been the earnest aim of the school authorities so to adapt the
course of study in all departments as best to meet the needs of such
a. population, while at the same time offering the most liberal facilities
for acquiring the higher education.

The fact that the great majority of the pupils never reach the
academy has led to continuous and persistent efforts, and with the
most pleasing results, so to perfect the primary and grammar schools
as to secure to the pupils therein the be.st and most practical educa-
tion possible.

So, too, the courses of study in the academy are arranged with
special reference to the needs of students who complete their studies
here, while at the same ■time providing studies adapted to those pre-
paring to enter college. The regular course in the academy is three
years, with another added for those who wish to continue the study
of the languages and solid geometrj'.*

* In July, iSoi, by resolution of the B .ard, a four years' course was adopted
for those who study the languages, frr those who desire to attend a higher in-
struction, and for those who wish to teach ; and a course of three years for
thiise taking plain English studitrs.

The English course includes grammar, history, arithmetic, alge-
bra, geometry, trigonometry, book-keeping, drawing, natural philos-
ophy, astronomy, chemistry, physiology, botany, geology, English
literature, rhetoric and science of government. For the study of the
natural sciences special facilities are offered by a laboratory and ap-
pliances necessary to the experimental method.

The Latin- English course is the same as the English course through-
out the three years, except that Latin grammar and lessons are sub-
stituted for English grammar and composition the first year, Caesar's
Commentaries (four books) for English grammar and astronomy the
second year, and Virgil's ^neid (four books) for rhetoric and general
history in the third year.

The Classical course is the same as the Latin-English course dur-
ing the first year. In the second year Greek grammar and lessons
are substituted tor natural philosophy and book-keeping, and in the
third year Xenophon's Anabasis (four books) for chemistry and Eng-
lish hterature. In other respects the course is the same as the Latin-
Enghsh course. In the last two years of the course French may be
substituted for book-keeping in the B Class, and for rhetoric in the A
Class.

In the higher grades special subjects are taught by special teach-
ers. For instance, in the academical department there are certain
teachers for mathematics, another for sciences, another for drawing,
another for languages, and so on, who teach these subjects in all the
grades of the department in which they are studied, changing from
room to room at fixed periods each day, and not being confined to any
particular class, so far as those studies are concerned, if they are
taught in more than one class.

Drawing is taught in all grades, from the D primary to the A
academic. As soon as the child is old enough he is also taught nmsic,
and in the academy he has the benefit of a special teacher. The ex-
perience of years has fully demonstrated that music, in addition to
the benefits usually admitted, also exerts a beneficial moral influence,
and, strengthening, softening and modulating the voice, is likewise a
great aid in making good readers; while drawing, educating as it
does the eye and hand, lays a solid basis for the rapid mastery of any
vocation requiring mechanical or artistic skill, for it is the educated
eye and the trained, deft hand that makes the chief difference between
the skilled workman and the "botch." Physiology is taught in all
the grades from C primary to A academic. The instruction in English
grammar is also very thorough. In the primary department, where
the study of grammar is not pursued, the pupils are held responsible
only for the correct use of the word; but the teachers are expected to
correct grammatical errors when they occur, so as to familiarize their
scholars with the proper form.

Manual training is an important branch of the system. Girls in
the C grade, grammar department, and A, B and C grades, primary
department, receive instruction in sewing from special teachers. The
boys of the academy and those of the A grade, grammar department,
receive instruction in wood-working and mechanical drawing from a
special teacher.

The public library contains over seventeen thousand volumes, and
all the best periodicals of the day. It is open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m.
It is not only appreciated by the public at large, but is a most valu-

[99]

[OO

NEWBURGH

able aid to both teachers and pupils in all departments of the schools.
In the appointment of teachers preference is given to normal
school graduates, or those otherwise specially trained for the profes-
sion of teaching. The salaries of teachers range from $i,Soo to $350.

The school budget for iSgo-gi amounts to $69,475.13, less §11,200
State moneys. This includes about §15,000 in partial payment of a
new school building; $39,200 for teachers' wages; §2,800 for main-
tenance of library; §2,300 for fuel and light; $1,400 interest; §2,300
for school books and drawing materials; $2,200 for janitors' salaries;
§1,000 for superintendent's salary; §1,300 for repairs and other minor
expenses.

The free schools of Xewburgh exist in virtue of an act of the
Legislature, passed April 6, 1S52, which provided " that all that part

The circumstances under which the free school system was intro-
duced here were, briefly stated, as follows: When the schoolhouse in
Clinton Street was built by the Trustees of the Glebe, though it was
considerably smaller than now, many persons deemed it entirely too
large. The school was entrusted to the charge of William N. Reid,
an experienced and able teacher, and almost as soon as it was
opened the new building was so overcrowded with pupils that its
speedy enlargement, or a new edifice, was a manifest necessity. While
this subject was under consideration the passage of the general free
school law of 1 85 1 imposed upon the trustees of all school districts the
necessity of inquiring how they could best give effect to this law. At
a joint meeting of the Trustees of what was then known as District
Xo. 13 (Jloses H. Belknap, Nelson Haight and Robert Sterling) and

^JEWBURGH ACADEMY

of the Town of Newburgh included within the bounds of the corpora-
tion of the Village of Newburgh shall hereafter constitute one com-
mon school district; " that as soon as possible after the passage of the
act nine trustees should be elected who, with their successors in of-
fice, should constitute a body to be styled " The Board of Education
of the Village of Newburgh," and should be invested with certain
corporate powers for carrying out the purposes of the act. An elec-
tion was held, according to the provisions of the law, on the 3d
of May, 1852, when the following gentlemen were chosen: John
Beveredge, John J, Monell, Nathaniel Jones, Charles F. V. Reeve,
George W. Kerr, D. G. Leonard, L. B. Gregory, John Brown, D. D.,
and Thomas C. Ring. On the 12th of May the first meeting of the
Board -was hold, and its organization was completed by the election
of John Beveredge president, and Nathaniel Jones clerk.

of the Trustees of the Glebe, or No. 15, as it was then styled (John
BeveiPdge, Dr. A. G. Hull and Nathan Reeve) held in May, 1851, a
resolution was passed calling a public meeting at Washington Hall.
to consider the propriet\- of apph-ing to the Legislature for a law to
unite the whoi'i village in one district — to make all the schools in the
district free — tht same to be under the charge of a Board of Educa-
tion to be elected by the people. The idea was well received by the
people, and at another public meeting held in February, 1852, the
draught of the law was approved, and it was resolved to petition the
Legislature to enact the same. In the month of August, 1S52, the
schools were formally opened on the new plan.

To form a proper judgment of the merits of the present system of
education, and the results accomplished by the Board of Education,
it is necessarv to compare the system wuh the one it superseded, or

NEWBURGH

101

to contrast the means of instruction which we now possess with those
which existed in former years. We shall notice the public schools in
their historical order:

THE GLEBE SCHOOL.

The property, long known as the Glebe, was given to the Palatine
settlers for the support of a Lutheran minister. In 1752 the " En-
glish new inhabitants " obtained a new patent of the Glebe lands for
the maintenance of a minister of the Church of England and of a
schoolmaster, so that the Glebe school may be said in law to date
from 1752, just one hundred years before the estabHshment of the
free school system. A building was soon afterward erected in Lib-

The school was regularly held in the schoolmaster's house in
Liberty Street till about 1774. Mr. Hutchins and Mr. King held the
school in the ' ' parsonage house. " In 1 789 the trustees rented a house
for a school from James Van Orsdall. ilr. Spierin held it in a house
which afterward formed part of the residence of Charles F. V. Reeve,
on the northeast corner of Grand and South Streets. From 1797 to
1809 it was combined with the so-called English room of the academy.
The " act to amend the charter of the Glebe," passed by the Legis-
lature in 1S03, directed that the sum of $200 should be paid annually
to the trustees of the academy, and that "the remainder of the
money arising from such income " should be paid to the trustees of
the other schools on the Glebe, as the inhabitants should direct.

I— Eugene B. Horton.

6— John McCormick.

7— Wolcott Remington.

8— James R. Thompson,

9— Florence Taylor.
10— Mary E. Jansen.
ii-John Wise.
12— Elizabeth L. Gordon.
13— Almira Seaman.

^-3-Ja

I M. Cr,

CLASS OF

15— Clarence H. Eckerson.
16— Ulysses J. AJsdorf.
17— Clarence O. Warford.
iS— Maria W. Fawcett.
19— Frena Marshall.
20 — Anna Eaton.
21— Emma DuMond.
23— George E. Raitt.
24-Gertrude Wise.

II— NEWBURGH ACADEMY— WITH INSTRUCTORS.

-Pauline Brown

6— James W. Terry,
7— Mark W. Roe.
8-Alice Van Cleft.
9- William T. Howell.
D— Florence Van Duzer.
I— Eleanor F. Brown.
2— Margaret R. Dunlap.
3— Frank R. Corwin.
t— Anna E. Flanagan.

35— Margaret Hamilton.
36— Mary McBurnev.
37— Helen R. Hunter.
38— James E. Wilson, jr.
39— Euphemia May.
40— Blanche E. Felter.
41— Ida R. Henderson.
42— Frances O. Authouss
43-William J. Wygant.

1 H. Doty, Asst. Principal.

B., Teacher of Langua

i Agnes McFadden, Teacher of Mathem

2-Willi:
i-Mi

i Dora M. To\

44 — ilarie A. Kimber.
45— Hattie W. Gordon.
46-William H. Brokav
47-Edith J. Walsh.
48-ClarenceW.Buckrai
49— Ella L. Krom.
5<^Jonathan D. Wilsoi
51— Luella Galatian.
52- Frank S. Snyder.

, Teacher of Higher English.

erty Street, near the head of Clinton Street. From the records of the
Glebe it appears that Mr. Palmer was the schoolmaster in 1765;
Louis Donveur in 176S; Joseph Penny in 1769; Thomas Gregory in
1773; John N. Hutchins from 1774 to 17S2; Richard King from 17S2
to 1790, when the two offices of minister and schoolmaster were com-
bined in the person of the Rev. George H. Spierin. Difficulties,
growing out of the claims of the Episcopal Church to the property, led
to his resignation in 1793.

In 1S09 "the juvenile school in Old Town," as distinct from the
Academy, was established in the old Lutheran Church, which hence-
forth was known as the Glebe schoolhouse. It was conducted for
several years by Ebenezer Adams, who was succeeded by John P.
Tarbell. John Goodsell was the teacher from about 1S30 to 1S43.
The last teacher in the structure was John L. Lyon, who taught
there from 1843 to 1S45. In the latter year he removed the school to
the Academy, occupying the south room on the first floor. Soon

t02

NEWBURGH.

afterward the building in the old town cemetery was demoHshed.
Those of our citizens who attended the Glebe school in the grave-
yard will recall it, to quote Eager's description, as " a long, low, nar-
row, unsightly building— old, patched up, disjointed and weather

GRAMMAR SCHOOL NO

beaten." During recess and before and after school sessions the
children played among the grave-stones in the old cemetery.

In 1S48-49 the Clinton Street school building was erected, as the
result of the division of school district No. 13 and the erection of No.
15, and the new school, in district No. 15, became of-

and received )w "s^^

obtain for a small tuition an education above that of the old-fashioned
district school, and it included both classical and English depart-
ments. For forty years the courts were held there, and the court
room was the place of public meetings, the general and town elections,
and the cradle of several of the churches of the city.
The principals received at first a small salary in
addition to the tuition fees from pupils, and were
permitted to occupy a portion of the building as a
residence, and also to have the use of the garden.
.-Vfter 1S13 a separate house was rented for their use.
There was a department for girls in the northeast
room of the first floor. Among other things they
were taught "tambouring" and sewing. In 1S37-3S the
trustees erected the building now the Home for the
Friendless, at a cost of S7.094.58. It was used as a
Ijoarding-house for pupils Of the Academy not resi-
dents of the village. Previous to that time '■ students
were furnished with board in respectable families."

THE HIGH SCHOOL

Was incorporated April 23, 1829, and was constituted
ihe common school for district No. 13, which then
embraced the whole village. The building was com-
pleted and opened in February, 1S30, and John P.
Tarbell and j\Iiss Mary Ross employed as teachers.
Orville M. Smith succeeded Mr. Tarbell in 1S34, ^^^
held the position tiU the close of the December term
in 1S48, when he resigned. James P. Brown was
his successor. He served till ilarch, 1S52, when S. G.
McLaughlin was appointed, and held the position till
the sj'stem of free schools was established.

There was also a school for colored children, es-
tablished a few years before the passage of the Act of 1852, and ac-
commodated in a small wooden structure in 'Washington Street.

When the present system went into effect the schools above de-
scribed were transferred to the Board of Education. The High School

ficially known as the "Glebe school,
the revenues of the Glebe over and above the sum re-
quired by law to be paid to the academy.

THE ACADEMY.

This institution may be said to have been founds 1
by the Rev. George H. Spierin and the trustees of the
Glebe jointly, in 1790, when the offices of school-mas-
ter and minister Were combined in the person of Mr.
Spierin. In an advertisement published by the trus-
tees on the 13th of July,- 1790, they state that Jlr.
Spierin, who had lately settled in Newburgh, propos-
ed opening an academy for the instruction of the
youth "in the Greek and Latin languages and the
different other branches of literature," as soon as a
sufficient number of pupils should present themselves,
and it was proposed by the trustees to raise sub-
scriptions with which to erect a building. For some
years the proposition was held in abeyance by the
opposition of a large portion of the community.

The Glebe charter provided for a minister a/ti/ n
school-master, and a school by a regular school-mas-
ter had always been conducted separate and distinct
from the ministerial office. The combination of the
two functions in one person was not regarded with
favor. A fierce local agitation sprang up, in the
midst of which Mr. Spierin resigned. In 1796
the erection of the school was commenced by the Trustees,
and a part of it was occupied the following year. It continued under
the care of the Glebe trustees till 1804, when the inhabitants elected
nine trustees "to take charge of the school in the Academy." In
1806 it was incorjiorated. For many years it was the only institution
of a public kind in this region in which the youth of both se.xes could

in Grand Street, and the Glebe School in Clinton Street, were trans-
ferred without cost. The Academy property, which was also trans-
ferred by its trustees, carried with it certain obligations, which were
assumed by the Board of Education, so that the property cost the
Board $5,?8o. In 1S55 or '56, as the brick building adjoining the
Academy was not deemed necessary for school purposes, it was sold

NEWBURGH

103

with a lot 75 feet front on Montgomery Street for $5,000.
These were at first the only school-houses available, with the ex-
ception of a small room rented on Western Avenue near Stone Street,
rooms in the basement of Union Church, and two rooms in the brick
building near the Academy. There were four male and twelve female

GRAMMAR SCHOOL NO. 3— Corner of South and Johnston Streets.

teachers in the employ of the Board. The number of pupils on reg-
ister at the High School in 1851-52 was 348, and at the Glebe School
and Academy about 120. During the first year of the new order of
things the number of pupils was doubled.

William N. Reid was the first principal of the Academy under the
new system. He purchased the present Home for the Friendless
building and conducted it as a boarding-school, after resigning his po-
sition in the Academy. The Board of Education then ceased to use
any portion of it.

For a time a small school was held in the "gymnasium," which
was a part of the property transferred to the Board by the Academy
trustees. The crowded state of the schools also obliged the Board to
make temporary provision for the children by renting the Mission
building of the Baptist Church in west Washington Street for a prim-
ary department. In the Fall of 1 864 they purchased the German Catho-
lic Church in Liberty Street, north of Farrington, and in May, 1S65,
they opened a primary department in it. For several years following
1862 the Home for the Friendless school was under the care of the
Board.

School No. I, in Washington Street, was erected in 1S57. It has
been three times enlarged. The German Catholic Church in
Liberty Street was sold after it had been occupied as a school for a
short period, and a lot 100x212 feet on the corner of South and Johnston
Streets was purchased, on which School 5^o. 3 w*s erected in 1866, at
a cost of $35,830. The opening of this school in January, 1S67, marked
the commencement of a new era in the history of the public schools
of Newburgh. For the first time it was possible to organize a graded
school. For the inception and successful accomplishment of this plan
the community is largely indebted to Hiram A. Jones, then clerk and
superintendent.

School No. 5 was built in 1867, at a cost of $16,795.60. The Clinton
Street school (No. 4) was enlarged in 1870 (for the second time), at a
cost of $6,738.92. School No. 2 was erected in 1872 on the site of the
High School and library building, at a cost of $37,072.91. The new
Academy was completed in 1886, and School No. 6, at the corner of
Renwick and Liberty Streets, is now (September. 1891) in course of
erection.

The Academy building contains twenty-one rooms, including the
janitor's apartments. School buildings Nos. i, 2 and 3 each contain

fourteen schoolrooms, Nos. 4 and 5 each six rooms, and No. con-
tains eight classrooms, and a large assembly-room.

The daily sessions are from 9 to 11.30 a. m. and from i to 3 p. m.
For many years we have practiced the no-recess plan, and our e.x-
perience commends it. In all primary classes a regular calisthenic
exercise is prescribed and practiced during each school session,
instead of the recess formerly allowed.

The manual training school was opened in September, 18S6. It
occupies a portion of the Clinton Street building, and is supplied with
an electric motor, lathes, jig saws, hand-tools, benches, etc. It is in
charge of William J. Woods, a graduate of the Worcester Technical
Institute. By far the greater number of boys must, after leaving
school, get their living by the use of their hands and eyes, and it is
evident that whatever of skill with hand or eye they may acquire in
their school training must be greatly to their advantage in after-hfe,
even if not exactly of the same kind as that which shall be required
in their daily vocation. But in addition to mechanical skill, habits of
carefulness, patience and perseverance are acquired. The ability to
do something begets manliness and self-reliance, and the more skill
he acquires the more respect and appreciation the pupil has for man-
ual labor and manual laborers. " If manual training simply does
nothing but do away mth the snobbish notion that labor is degrading,
it is worthy of a place in the public schools."

With us pupils are trained in the use of the common hand-tools for
working wood, in wood-carving, lathework, cabinet making and
mechanical drawing. The course extends through four years, two
and a half hours in each week being devoted to it. One hundred and
sixty boys are in attendance.

The annual exhibitions of the manual training classes — in carpen-
try, drawing, sewing and penmanship — win the highest praise from
competent judges.

The free-book system was adopted in September, 1886. The Board
provides everything used by the pupils — pens, paper, ink, pads, pen-
cils, text books, etc. Experience shows that it has increased the at-
tendance at the public schools, besides creating habits of care and
thoughtfulness.

The teachers hold monthly meetings for an interchange of opin-
ions and experience in matters of importance in schoolwork. All the

GRAMMAR SCHOOL NO, 5-West Street

teachers are required to attend, and the superintendent presides. A
question-box is always provided, and through this agency many ques-
tions are asked and answered which otherwise would remain unasked
and unanswered, and the more experienced teachers inform and in-
struct the younger ones.

I04

NEWBURGH

Believing that the instructions and impressions of early youth are
the most lasting, and patriotism, love of flag and country are among
the most commendable virtues of our citizens, and the inculcation of
those virtues is properly within the province of our public school sys-
tem, the Board of Education on October 27. 1SS9, adopted a resolu-

GRAMMAR SCHOOL NO. 6 Corner of Liberty and Renwick Streets.

tion offered by Trustee Joseph A. Sneed to the effect that the national
flag be displayed from the school buildings from the opening to the
closing of school every school day; that the Principal of each school
shall select a color-guard, consisting of a certain number of boys and
girls, whose duty it shall be to raise the flag at the opening of school
in the morning and lower the same at the close of school in the after-
noon, the color-guard to be chosen from among those who during the
preceding month have shown the greatest proficiency in their studies.
Therefore " Old Glory" waves over the heads of our school children
every school da\-, and other cities and towns have followed the ex-
ample set by Newburgh.

Besides the public schools there are three under the care of the
Roman Catholic churches, described in another place, and eight
private schools, with an attendance of 1,384. pupils. Notable
among the private schools are Mt. St. Mary's Academy and
Miss Mackie's boarding school for girls, and Siglar's preparatory
school for boys.

THE FREE LIBRARY.

The library has attained an important position. Its elevating in-
fluence is felt and acknowledged, and in a constantly increasing de-
gree is recognized and appreciated by the public. Our people speak
of it with pardonable pride, and visiting strangers accord it many
words of commendation. It is provided with a commodious and
attractive building, fronting on one of our best streets, and in a cen-
tral location with pleasant surroundings. The rooms are large and
inviting, well lighted, and furnished with all that is needed to meet
the reasonable demands of those who choose to avail themselves of
its privileges. It is open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. on week days
throughout the year. The books have been selected with care, are in
plain sight, and not disfigured with paper covers. They are arranged
in low cases where they can be readily reached by the library attend-
ants. The leading periodicals, with our local daily newspapers, are
on the reading-room tables for public use. Cyclopedias and other
books of reference have been liberally provided, and no part of the
library-work is more cheerfully performed by the librarian or his
assistants than that of answermg questions and giving all possible
aid to persons seeking information on special subjects.

The eftorts that have been made in the past to establish a closer
relationship between the free schools and the free library are produc-
ing the desired results. One evidence of this is found in the fact that
the Board of Education, on the recommendation of the superintend-
ent of our public schools, has added to the library a teachers' reading
room. A portion of the large upper room, some-
times known as Library Hall, has been tastefully fit-
ted up and furnished for the purpose, and supplied
with books and periodicals adapted to the needs of
the teachers in their special vocation. This room can
also be used by citizens or strangers who may desire
a quiet retreat for study or literary work.

The superintendent of our schools has urged upon
the teachers the importance of cultivating in the
minds of their pupils a taste for useful reading. The
teachers have heartily co-operated, and, among
other means to this end, have been in the habit of fre-
quently suggesting special historical or scientific
questions for investigation by the pupils. This re-
quires the use of such books in the library as will aid
them in their researches, and leads them to a course
of reading which they soon find is profitable and
pleasant. The superintendent, librarian and teachers,
having the same end in view, without any premedi-
tated plan have been working in concert, and to a
considerable extent have accomplished their purpose.
This library was organized September 7, 1S52,
and is among the oldest of the free public circulating
libraries. Previous to 1S50 there was none in Great
Britain, but four in this State, ten in the New
England States, and besides these but six in the
But one of these libraries organized pre\'ious to 1S50
circulation now as the Newburgh

United States.

has as many books or as large

MANUAL TRAINING SCHOOL— Cli

near Liberty Street.

^''^^^i^s}r=r*'"

Free Library,
butions and

and that or
s free only

is supported by voluntary coiitri-
At a meeting of the

NEWBURGH

105

Board of Education, held September 7, 1S52, on motion of
George W. Kerr, it was resolved "that all the school libra-
ries be consolidated and placed together in the academy room,
now in readmess." At the next meeting WilUam N. Reid was
appointed librarian; 924 volumes from the High School, 737 from the
Glebe, and 418 from the Academy were thus united and deposited in
one of the smaller rooms of the Academy, making a total of 2,079
volumes. These were carefully examined, the duplicate volumes
thrown out, and some additions made by purchase. Five hundred
catalogues were procured and the library, with 2,001 volumes, was
opened to the public Saturday, November 6, 1S52, from 2 to 3 p. m.,
and at the same hour each succeeding Saturday, until January, 1S61,

when by an amendment of the rules it was required to be open on p

Tuesdays from 7 to 9 p. m. for adult males and young men not
connected with the schools, on Thursdays from i to 5 p. m. , ex-
clusively for ladies, and on Saturdays from S a. m. to 1 2 m. for the
school children. This arrangement continued until 1865, since
which time it has been open daily, except on Sundays and legal F
holidays. In i860 more room and better accommodations
were needed for the proper care of the books, and a neat
library building was erected on the corner of Grand and Camp-
bell Streets, adjoining the High School building, at a cost of
$2,494.49. This was occupied until 1S72, when the High
School and Library buildings were removed, the present No.
2 Grammar School building erected, and a room in the north- ^-
east wing fitted up for the accommodation of the library.

In 1862 the books of the Mechanics' Library Association jijil'l
were transferred to the Board of Education, and by this ar- ^ j
rangement 2,Soi volumes were added to the library. In 1S73 a
fund of $734 was donated to the Board of Education by the
Mechanics' Library Association upon the stipulation that it
should remain a permanent fund, and that the interest shotdd
be expended annually in the purchase of scientific books.

In 1875 a lot on Grand Street, opposite School No. 2, was
purchased, and the erection of a fine building was commenced
in 1876, under the superintendence of Thomas Kimball. John A.
Wood, of New York, was the architect; William Hilton & Son,
carpenters; Thomas Dobbin, mason. The building was completed
in June, 1877. Charles Estabrook was appointed librarian April 18,
1S77, ^i^d Charles A. Peck and Frank E. Estabrook were appointed
assistants. The library was opened for the delivery of books Feb-
ruary 13, 187S, with 10,421 volumes. In September, 1878, a card sys-
tem of keeping accounts was introduced by the librarian, and is still
in use. By this system it is possible with the present library force to
receive and deliver three thousand volumes daily, and keep an accu-
rate account and a daily record of the work and condition of the libra-
ry. In 18S2 the late Rev. John Forsyth, D. D., presented the hbrary
with 603 volumes, many of them rare and very valuable as books of
reference, which, if lost, could probably not be replaced; and in 1889
299 volumes were received from his heirs. In October, 18S4, George
W. Kerr and Eugene A. Brewster, executors of the estate of the late
Rev. John Brown, D. D., deposited in the hbrary the original records
of the Newburgh Academy from 1807 to 1S56, and his family added
to the library 20 large volumes of old and rare books, some of them
being fine specimens of block printing and hand illuminations pub-
lished in 1468. Many volumes are presented yearly.

In October, 1S84, a letter was received from Dr. Theodore Vetter,
of Frauenfeld, Switzerland, asking for some information, and stating
that he was preparing a lecture on hbraries in America, was famihar
with some of the prominent libraries of Boston, New York and other
large cities, had visited the Newburgh Free Library, was very
much pleased with its arrangement, and selected it as a model for
libraries in smaller cities.

The library room is also used as a reading room, and besides the
building contains the private office of the librarian, the office of the
superintendent of schools, and the meeting room of the Board of
Education, which is also used as a reading room and meeting place
for teachers. Mr. Estabrook continues as the eflicient librarian, and
his present assistants are Miss Lilhe O. Estabrook and Thomas M.
Hawthorne.

CLASSIFIED CONTENTS OF THE LIBRARY.

I'a/s. Per cent.

Poetry, periodicals and miscellany 4,268 24.45

History, geography and travels 3,660 20.97

Adult fiction 2,869 16.44

Art and science 2,010 11.52

Biography 1,358 7.79

U. S. Government publications 1,098 6.29

Juvenile fiction 762 4.37

Juvenile histor}-, biography, etc 549 3.15

New York State publications 496 2. 85

Cyclopedias, dictionaries and atlases 379 2.17

17,450 100.